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胃息肉一定要手术吗宝？胃的息肉恶变的几率比肠息肉要小得多，但是一旦诊断出胃息肉，尤其是超过0.5公分的胃息肉都建议手术进行切除。两公分以下的息肉不需要开刀手术治疗，可以通过胃镜行胃镜下的息肉切除。具体的手术费用根据医院的级别不同有所差异，但是包含检查等操作费用在内，一般在3000-7000块钱左右，切除息肉的医院级别越高，收取的相应费用越贵。胃息肉手术多半是在胃镜下做息肉的切除手术，属于一种微创的手术方法。术后一般禁食24小时，术后恢复还是比较快的。24小时以后，有排气排便，可以适当的进食，增加营养物质和提高身体的抗病能力。饮食上一定要注意控制，可以少食多餐吃流食或者半流食，一般恢复7天左右，胃黏膜基本可以恢复了。术后注意配合保护胃黏膜的药物治疗。做完胃息肉手术以后不能立即食用水果，一般需要禁饮食24小时，24小时以后可以先进食流质饮食，比如温开水、米汁等等，然后逐渐增加进食量以及进食的品种，可以增加到面条、稀饭，然后过渡到馒头、米饭、蔬菜等等。一般情况下，在做完胃息肉手术3天左右，可以进食少量水果，但不建议进食过甜、过酸的水果，可以食用的水果有苹果、牛油果、木瓜等等，都是可以选择的。胃息肉手术护理取决于患者胃息肉的大小以及数目，如果胃息肉的体积比较大，并且数目比较多，对于这类患者进食的时间比较长，一般需要禁食24小时。如果患者的息肉比较多，在做治疗的时候创面比较大，这类患者可能需要禁食36-48小时，在禁食的过程中，需要使用抑酸药、营养药物，比如维持患者的水电解质平衡。当患者经过了48小时之后，可能需要流质饮食慢慢的过渡到半流质饮食，再就是正常的饮食过程，同时需要了解患者是否有便血或者腹痛的症状。 |
抑郁暴躁症的症状？狂躁抑郁症也称躁狂抑郁症，简称躁郁症，患者经常感到极度无助，对家庭和工作均丧失兴趣，不闻不问，但有时情绪却又突然高涨，令人无所适从，病发成因多数是沉重生活压力和滥用药物所致。那么抑郁暴躁症的症状是什么呢？下面为大家介绍。1、情感高涨，这是躁狂状态的主要原发症状。病人表现为轻松、愉快、热情、乐观、兴高采烈、无忧无虑。这种情感是愉快的并具有相当的感染力。症状轻时可能不被视为异常，但了解他/她的人则可以看出这种表现的异常性。有时病人也可以以易激惹的情绪为主，尤其当有人指责他的狂妄自大或不切实际的想法时。表现为听不得一点反对意见，因细小琐事而大发雷霆，严重者可出现破坏或攻击行为。病人常常在患病早期表现为愉快而在后期则转换为易激惹。2、思维奔逸，是指思维联想速度的加快。病人言语增多，高谈阔论，滔滔不绝，感到说话的速度远远跟不上思想。有时可出现音韵联想，随境转移。在心境高涨的基础上可以出现自我感觉良好，言辞夸大，说话漫无边际，认为自己才华出众，出身名门，权位显赫，腰缠万贯，神通广大等，并可达到妄想的程度，有时可在夸大的基础上产生被害体验或妄想，但其内容一般并不荒谬，持续时间也较短暂，幻觉较少见。综上所述，抑郁暴躁症的症状，患者应该接受科学合理的治疗，这是预防复发的前提和基础，在系统治疗的基础上配合饮食、锻炼，提高抵抗力，保持轻松的心态很关键，如果只是祛除了患者身体上的不适，没有抚平心灵上的创伤，这不是真正的痊愈，这种痊愈很短的时间就会复发。只有患者心情放松，尽量把注意力集中在工作、学习或生活方面，以平和的心态接受治疗，这样不但好的快，而且预后不易复发。 |
范氏蓮（；），一說名范氏玉𧿆（），越南西山朝皇后。父親是范文福，光中二年（1789年）被追贈為大司空晪郡公。
范氏蓮是歸仁（今屬平定省）人，景興十九年（1758年）出生，西山朝太師裴得宣和刑部尚書裴文日是她同母異父的兄弟。景興三十四年（1773年），虛齡16歲的范氏蓮嫁給西山起義軍領袖阮惠，後為阮惠生下景盛帝阮光纘等三男二女。
光中元年（1788年），阮惠稱帝，冊封范氏蓮為皇正-{后}-（），習稱正宮皇后。光中四年二月二十四日庚午（1791年3月28日），范氏蓮病重逝世，壽三十四歲。諡號仁恭端靜貞淑武皇正-{后}-（），後加諡為仁恭端靜貞淑柔純武皇正-{后}-（）。葬於肇豐府香茶縣海葛社金鳳山南麓，稱為昌瑞陵。
冊文
禮部尚書潘輝益所作加諡冊文：
注釋
|-style="text-align: center; background: #FFE4E1;"
|align="center" colspan="3"|仁恭武皇正后范氏
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西山朝皇后
平定省人 |
Karl Alfred Poppius (1846 Jaakkima, Karelia – 1920 Helsinki) was a Finnish entomologist who worked on Lepidoptera, Coleoptera and Hemiptera.
Works
Finland's Dendrometridae, 1887
Finland's Phytometridae, 1891
References
Groll, E. K. (2017) Biographies of the Entomologists of the World. Online database, version 8, Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Müncheberg.
Finnish entomologists
Finnish lepidopterists
1920 deaths
1846 births |
朱悳（），字懿卿，浙江杭州府仁和縣人，民籍，明朝政治人物。
生平
浙江鄉試第三十名舉人。成化二十三年（1487年）中式丁未科二甲第四十名進士。
家族
曾祖朱榮，贈刑部主事；祖父朱勤，知府；父朱韺，母郝氏。
参考文献
朱姓 |
布呂克內冰川是南極洲的冰川，位於葛拉漢地的盧貝海岸，流經阿羅史密斯半島，最終在拉勒曼德港西南部注入穆勒冰架，由英國探險隊繪入地圖，以德國冰川學家命名。
南極洲冰川 |
高眼压症患者吃什么对身体好?？1、 多吃易消化富含维生素的食物，如蔬菜、水果等，经常保持大便通畅。2、注意节制饮水量，一般每次饮水不要超达500毫升。3、多吃利尿食物。如赤小豆、西瓜、丝瓜等，应该经常选食，对于防止眼压升高有一定的作用。4、润肠食物。可多服蜂蜜、麻油、菜油等植物油，以改善肠道的润滑度。还可多食香蕉、萝卜、生梨、柠檬、柑桔、西瓜、香瓜、西红柿等瓜果与富含纤维素的蔬菜与粗粮等，以通便。 |
服用参茸卫生丸须注意的事项？1? 忌辛辣、生冷、油腻食物。 2? 感冒发热病人不宜服用。 3? 本品宜饭前服用。 4? 高血压、心脏病、肝病、糖尿病、肾病等慢性病患者应在医师指导下服用。 5? 服药2周症状无缓解，应去医院就诊。 6? 对本品过敏者禁用，过敏体质者慎用。 7? 本品性状发生改变时禁止使用。 8? 请将本品放在儿童不能接触的地方。 9? 如正在使用其他药品，使用本品前请咨询医师或药师。 |
紧密连接的结构是什么?？紧密连接由分支状封闭索网络组成，每条封闭索独立于其他封闭索作用。因而，紧密连接防止离子通过的能力随封闭索的数目指数式增长。每条封闭索由一列嵌入两个原生质膜的跨膜蛋白构成，蛋白的胞外结构域使其彼此间一个个直接相联。尽管还有其他蛋白存在，两种主要类型的蛋白是密封蛋白和闭合蛋白。它们与位于细胞膜内侧的不同的把封闭索锚定到肌动蛋白细胞骨架的外周膜蛋白相联。因此，紧密连接连起了相邻细胞的细胞骨架。 |
甲磺酸帕珠沙星注射液的副作用（不良反应）？本品主要临床不良反应为腹泻、皮疹、恶心、呕吐，实验室检查可见ALT、AST、ALP、r-GTP升高，嗜酸性粒细胞增加。（1）临床不良反应 1）急性肾功能衰竭：可能会引起急性肾功能衰竭。 2）肝功能异常、黄疸。 3）伪膜性肠炎：可发生伴有血便的严重的肠炎，如果出现腹痛或频繁的腹泻，应立即停药并采取相应的防治措施处理。 4）粒细胞减少、血小板减少症。 5）横纹肌溶解：如果出现肌痛、虚弱、磷酸肌酸激酶（CPK）升高、血或尿中的肌球素升高，应立即停药。横纹肌溶解也可导致急性肾功能衰竭。 6）痉挛。 7）休克、过敏反应，若出现呼吸困难、水肿、红斑等任何异常，应停止给药，并采取适当处理措施。 8）表皮脱落坏死（Lyell综合征），眼、粘膜、皮肤综合征（Stevens Johnson综合征）。 9）间质性肺炎：伴有发热、咳嗽、呼吸困难、胸部X片异常的肺炎发生。 10）低血糖：严重低血糖，易发生于老年病人、肾功能衰竭病人，应仔细观察。 11）跟腱炎、肌腱断裂。给药期间应密切观察，如出现上述不良反应，应立即停药，并采取相应的处理措施。（2）同类药物的不良反应： PIE综合症：伴有发热、咳嗽、呼吸困难、胸部X线异常、嗜酸性粒细胞增多的PIE综合症，见于临床应用的其他新喹诺酮类药物报道，如出现上述不良反应立即停药，并采取相应的处理措施。（3）其它不良反应：如观察到下列不良反应采取适当处理措施。 1）过敏反应：皮疹、发热（发生率0.1～5%），荨麻疹、瘙痒、面部皮肤潮红（发生率0.1%）。 2）肾脏损害：BUN升高、蛋白尿、胆红素尿、管型尿、尿隐血（发生率0.1～5%），血肌酐升高（发生率0.1%）。 3）肝脏损害：ALT（GPT）升高（发生率5%），AST（GOT）、ALT、r-GTP、LAP 、LDH和胆红素升高（发生率0.1～5%）。 4） 血液：嗜酸性粒细胞增多症、白细胞减少症、血小板减少症、贫血（发生率0.1～5%）。 5）消化道反应：腹泻或软便、恶心、呕吐（发生率0.1～5%），上腹不适、腹胀、黑便（发生率0.1%）。 6）精神神经系统：头痛、头晕（发生率0.1～5%），短暂性意识障碍、短暂性精神障碍、精神异常（发生率0.1%）。 7）其他：静脉炎（发生率5%），CK（CPK）升高、电解质紊乱（发生率0.1～5%），口干、舌炎（发生率0.1%）。 |
莱奥雅克（，；）是法国奧克西塔尼大區塔恩-加龙省的一个市镇，属于蒙托邦区。
地理
（）面积，位于法国奧克西塔尼大區塔恩-加龙省，该省份为法国西南部内陆省份，北起顺时针与洛特省、阿韦龙省、塔恩省、上加龙省、热尔省和洛特-加龙省接壤。
与接壤的市镇（或旧市镇、城区）包括：。
的时区为UTC+01:00、UTC+02:00（夏令时）。
行政
的邮政编码为，INSEE市镇编码为。
政治
所属的省级选区为。
人口
于时的人口数量为人。
参见
塔恩-加龙省市镇列表
参考文献
塔恩-加龙省市镇 |
足球運動最早起源于中国，现代足球运动則在19世纪后期由歐洲传入，足球是中國最受欢迎的体育运动项目之一。
早期歷史
古代
足球的最早起源地為中国，中国古代的蹴鞠就是现今足球运动的雏形，並且獲得国际足联的确认。
戰國時代
戰國時代，蹴鞠已經是中國民間的一項熱門運動，特別是在城市里最受歡迎。根據《史記·蘇秦列傳》記載，當時著名的外交人士蘇秦到齊國游說齊宣王時，他看見都城臨里是這樣的一種場景︰「臨甚富而實，其民無不吹竽鼓瑟，彈琴擊築，斗雞走狗，六博蹋鞠者。」（大意為：齊國都城的居民都過著小康生活，幸福指數很高，社會和諧，人人都在吹拉彈唱，鬥雞的、遛狗的、下棋的、踢球的……）
漢朝
漢代時期，由於劉邦喜好蹴鞠，在他成為皇帝以後，促進了蹴鞠成為西漢時期的全國性體育運動，同時亦成為了西漢皇家的重要娛樂項目之一，而不再僅是往日只流行於草根階層。劉邦在皇宮範圍內，規劃了一座專業足球場，謂為鞠城。在劉邦的影響下，此後歷代漢朝皇帝，也包括太子黨在內的皇親及貴族等都喜歡蹴鞠此運動。劉徹踢蹴鞠時，令其文學侍從枚皋作《蹴鞠賦》助興。在漢朝時，蹴鞠被正式的列為漢朝軍人訓練項目之一，被軍事專家視之為兵家伎巧，是提高軍人體能的訓練手段。劉邦向《別錄》稱，「蹋鞠，兵勢也，所以練武士，知有材也，皆因嬉戲而講練之。」其中劉邦後人──漢武帝劉徹和漢成帝劉驁，更是資深球迷，又經常親自上球場切磋技術。至於劉驁踢蹴鞠的投入程度更是使到朝臣擔心其龍體的安康，後來勸說劉驁不再參與蹴鞠活動，而用名叫彈棋的室內娛樂項目替代之。漢武帝時代的悍將霍去病在遠征匈奴時，軍中曾經一度缺乏軍糧；霍去病於是在戰區上臨時劃了一塊場地，帶領士兵踢蹴鞠，以提起及振奮士氣。
在漢朝時，蹴鞠運動就已經有一套很成熟的規則。東漢文人李尤在《鞠城銘》中記載︰「圓鞠方牆，倣象陰陽，法月衡對，二六相當。」（大意為：場地四周築有圍牆，球場東西向，呈長方形，有6個球門）當時，球門僅是在地上挖一洞，球踢進洞中即得分。相應地，守門員各有6名；隊長亦有各一，另外雙方推舉出均認可的裁判員，要求裁判「不以親疏，不有阿私」；要求球員「端心平意，莫怨其非」。
三國時代，學習蹴鞠被當作為興國強兵的基礎本領。東晉史家虞預在《會稽典錄》中記載三國人的認識，「上以弓馬為務，家以蹴鞠為學。」時人並不是把踢球視為單純的體育運動，而是出于備戰的需要，需要認真地學習和訓練。
唐朝
唐朝時期，馬球替代了足球成為軍隊中的首選軍事訓練項目，惟蹴鞠仍然被保留，而且在軍中繼續流行著。在唐代民間，蹴鞠為各階層人士所喜歡，包括詩人杜甫和李白都是高手。當時，出現了至少有五種踢法；漢代的六球門規則被放棄，出現了比較近乎現代的球門，時稱毬門。有的是一邊一個的雙毬門，向對方進攻；有的是單毬門，單毬門設立於球場中央，上面有一個門洞，誰踢進即得分。其中，唐代足球最大的亮點為女子足球的出現。由于唐朝經濟發達，開放自由，女性主動地接受外來的文化，參與過去男性才能夠參與的社會活動。唐人康駢在《劇談錄》有一則潘將軍失珠故事就提到了一位善於踢球的唐代女孩。大意為：當時她在街邊，正好有一位士兵將球誤踢到她身邊，她快速起腳將球踢了回去士兵之處，期間球飛高達幾丈，圍觀者都被其技術所驚。
女子足球水平當中，尤以宮中女性最高。當時唐朝皇宮中會定期舉行女子足球比賽，由皇帝觀席。王建在《宮詞》中提到「食內人長白打，庫中先散與金錢。」（大意為：在寒食節，宮中舉行女足比賽）。當時的男子與女子足球有所不同，女子足球的規則為白打場戶，亦即球場上不設立球門，人數不定。可以二人對競，稱為白打；亦可以以多人對賽，稱為場戶。除此之外，亦可以單人爭，稱為打毬。
宋朝
在宋朝時，出現了足球俱樂部，名為齊雲社。此外，朝廷裏更有專業足球隊，水平遠高于民間的球隊，隊員稱為築球供奉。北宋時期，其對手為金國。當時金國亦很流行球類運動，一為馬球，二為足球。1127年發生靖康之難，當中金人將宋徽宗和宋欽宗兩位北宋皇帝、皇子、皇室及所有宮妃挾持走的同時，還另外特別挾持了12名球員，其中7名為馬球運動員，另外5名為足球運動員。
古代足球
古代足球的比賽用球在不同時期亦有所改良，中國古代的足球最初為使用編織所製造的，到西漢時已經用上了以皮革製造的，內裡使用毛髮等物品塞實，使到其相當有彈性。晚唐時期，除了傳統的用球外，還有使用動物膀胱充氣後做成的氣毬，這種充氣用球與現代足球原理相似，惟耐用性比較差。
近代
现代足球运动则是在19世纪末期传入中国，最先在英國殖民地──威海及香港，興起，香港更為亞洲最先建立職業足球聯賽（香港甲組足球聯賽）、足球會（香港足球會）及職業足球會（香港流浪足球會）的地方。其後，足球在上海、天津及青岛等地迅速發展，各自開辦聯賽及互相對賽的埠際比賽。
上海足球
1895年聖約翰書院成立了上海第一支足球隊，球員都是書院的學生，人稱「約翰辮子軍」。1902年聖約翰書院與南洋公學舉行了上海第一場足球賽。及後成立「華東校際足球聯賽」，共有8所學校參加，包括實力最強的聖約翰大學（今華東政法大學）、南洋大學（今交通大學）、滬江大學及暨南大學。中學則以南洋模範中學和徐匯中學最出色。
租界建立後，各國僑民、各大洋行和各國駐滬軍隊，紛紛組織足球隊開展比賽。1902年由外僑成立上海足球联合会（），舉辦各級联赛及盃賽（包括国际杯、史考托杯及高级杯等）。规定每年10月至明年4月为足球季，主要的球队有：西商队、西捕队、腊克斯队、法商队、犹太队、葡商队、商团队，陶克工程会队和英国驻沪陆军和海军组成的球队。「国际杯」是按侨民国籍分别组队参加，英国分别组成英格兰、苏格兰、爱尔兰3支队伍。
上海與香港、天津及日本橫濱之間舉行定期的埠際大賽，沪港杯埠际赛始于1908年，旅居沪港两地的外国侨民草创了上海、香港埠际足球赛。1923年沪港杯赛首次有華人（梁玉堂、陈苏、陈光耀及朱广扬）代表香港上陣。
1924年成立由華人球隊組成的中華足球聯合會，華人球队乐群、共和、博爱等相继成立。1925年，梁玉堂、刘九和李惠堂等人离开香港到上海加盟乐华队（由乐群易名）。1926年當時上海已經有12家登記的俱樂部，球員約400人，地产商程贻泽组织的三育足球队被准予参加上海足球联合会甲组联赛，乐华队也获准参加史考托杯比赛，竟以4-1打敗老牌冠軍臘克斯隊，在復賽中才被當屆冠軍西商隊所敗。乐华队翌年更在西联甲组联赛和高級杯捧走两項冠軍，還獲得當屆「中華足球聯合會」所組織的甲組賽冠軍，夺得“大满贯”。從1924年成立中華足球聯合會，到1930年樂華隊解散，上海足球處於第一個高峰期。
西联会的赛场大多在上海跑马厅内或虹口公园内，其后曾设于中华运动场、申园跑狗场、逸园跑狗场等处，并收门票。西聯會直到1943年太平洋战争爆发，日军进入租界后才解散。
1931年成立的東華隊吸納了多名原樂華隊球員，繼續與洋人球隊對抗，多次獲得各類比賽的冠軍，一直到1952年才解散，是近代上海足球發展的第二個高峰期。
中國隊
早期代表中国参加国际比赛的球队主要參加地區性運動會為主，其球员也基本来自极少数经济和足球运动较发达的地区。以中国名义参加远东运动会的足球队的成绩如下：
第一屆（1913年马尼拉）：亞軍（只有中國及菲律賓兩隊角逐）
第二屆（1915年上海）：冠軍（同樣只有中國及菲律賓兩隊）
第三屆（1917年东京）：冠軍（中國、菲律賓及日本三隊）
第四屆（1919年马尼拉）：冠軍（再次只有中國及菲律賓兩隊）
第五屆（1921年上海）：冠軍（中國、菲律賓及日本三隊）
第六屆（1923年大阪）：冠軍（中國、菲律賓及日本三隊）
第七屆（1925年马尼拉）：冠軍（中國、菲律賓及日本三隊）
第八屆（1927年上海）：冠軍（中國、菲律賓及日本三隊）
第九屆（1930年东京）：冠軍（日本并列）（中國、菲律賓及日本三隊）
第十屆（1934年马尼拉）：冠軍（中國、菲律賓、荷属东印度群岛及日本四隊）
现代联赛
专业时期
在1994年之前，中国国内的足球队均为专业队，大多数由各地足球协会管理，名称也以各省市的地名为主。此外，中国还有相当数量的下属于不同国有事业单位的行业体协，比如铁道部下属的火车头队、军队下属的八一队、武警部队的前卫队等。
职业时期
1992年6月，中国足协在北京西郊的红山口召开了著名的“红山口会议”，确定将以职业化作为足球改革的突破口。职业化的主要动机是让各参赛球队脱离原有的政府行政体育机制，完全以商业化和市场化作为生存发展的手段。
红山口会议后，中国出现了第一批“足球俱乐部”，不过其中很多是并未完全脱离原地方体委的个体，比如北京国安、广州太阳神。直到1993年12月上海申花成立，中国才出现了完全脱离政府机制的职业足球俱乐部。 而与此相反，诸如辽宁队、八一队等原专业体制下的老牌劲旅，则多年内始终无法真正脱离原有政府行政关系，最终面临降级甚至解散的困境。
1994年，第一届职业化的甲A联赛开始。
中超成立
职业化的甲A联赛、甲B联赛一共进行了10年，2003年赛季结束后，改制为中国足球超级联赛和中国足球甲级联赛。中超成立的目的是希望仿照英格兰足球超级联赛等欧洲先例，由各职业联赛俱乐部自主管理和运营赛事，逐渐脱离中国足协的管理。中国足协转而负责各级国家队比赛、青少年运动员培养等任务，以及组织足协杯等其它赛事。
但是中超开赛的最初几年内，这种设想并不能充分实现，实际的中超联赛决策层仍然是中国足协的官员，在2008年武汉退出等重大事件上引起较多争议，始终是足球继续改革的主要话题之一。
赌博业曾大规模渗透到中国足球职业联赛，直到中国足坛反腐风暴后才得到遏制。
2020年12月14日，中国足协发布《关于各级职业联赛实行俱乐部名称非企业化变更的通知》，要求中華人民共和國各足球俱乐部名称不得含任何股东及关联方、实际控制人的字号、商号或品牌名称。
当前中國国内足球联赛及主要盃賽有：
中国足球协会超级联赛
中国足球甲级联赛
中国足球乙级联赛
中国足協杯（2007年至2010暂停举办，於2011年恢复举办足协杯）
联赛及相关规定和问题
球队名称
在职业化之后，球队的主要收入改为由企业赞助，而俱乐部的名称则成为地名＋企业名称的形式，例如“大连实德俱乐部”，就是地名“大连”加赞助企业名“实德”。但同时俱乐部也可以出售球队的冠名权，此时球队全称就可以为地名 + 俱乐部名＋“足球俱乐部”＋球队名＋“队”，球队无冠名则在“足球俱乐部”后＋“队”，例如2007年青岛中能的全称为“青岛中能足球俱乐部国际工艺品城队”。
由于球队经营的需要，很多球队曾更换赞助商、主场经营者和冠名，球队的名字也随之变化，例如大连实德冠名大连海昌，陕西宝荣冠名陕西中新等等。但是名字的变化并不意味着俱乐部名字的变化，只是赞助冠名改变而已。2004年初开始，中国足协已经强制所有新注册的俱乐部名必须“中性”，即不能使用任何赞助企业的名称，但是对于冠名则无限制。 实际使用上，球队冠名被媒体普遍采纳，而俱乐部名称则往往被掩盖。有一部分球队为了应对中性规则，使用谐音注册，比如中邦集团投资的无锡中邦队，俱乐部的正式名称是“众邦”。俱乐部名称上较为特殊的球队是上海申花。申花原本是1993年至2001年期间投资球队的企业名称，2001年底前已经全面脱离球队，但是由于申花的知名度，这一名称被后来的投资者保留至今。
球员转会
中国足球从1993年职业化至2010年，一直奉行球员合同期满后30个月内仍然无法与其它球队签约的规定。这样的规定在1995年以前曾经是国际足坛的惯例，但是随着欧盟国家开始推行的博斯曼法案，当今世界只有美国、乌克兰等极少数国家的足球联赛使用类似的制度。2009年周海滨成功转会荷兰埃因霍温俱乐部，是中国球员迈向自由转会的重要一步。2011年，中国正式实施自由转会制度。
体能测试
中国足协曾经采用体能测试来作为运动员的注册标准。曾经采用的方法有12分钟跑和YOYO测试。一些著名足球运动员因未能通过体能测试而长时间缺席联赛甚至被迫退役，引起很大争议。2011年开始，体能测试正式取消。
外援球員
1994年，甲A联赛新增了最佳外援奖项，当年获得者为效力于上海申花的俄罗斯球员瓦洛嘉。1997年，北京国安队的巴拉圭球员冈波斯成为中国足球先生，他也因此重返巴拉圭国家队参加了法国世界杯，成为中国职业联赛中第一名参加世界杯的现役球员。1998年，大连万达引入1996年欧锦赛捷克国家队队长瓦茨拉夫·涅梅切克。2000年，巴拉圭的卡西亚诺成为甲A联赛的最佳射手。2003年，上海申花引入汉堡足球俱乐部队长约根·阿尔贝茨，甘肃天马引入前英格兰国脚保罗·加斯科因，不过前者获得了联赛冠军和中国足球先生，后者则因为许多问题很快离开了中国。
中国足协规定从2000赛季开始不许引进外援门将，在2004年限制中超比赛只能有两名外援同时出场，而2006年又重新执行最多可以同时注册四名外援，最多三名外援同时出场的规定。2009年，为了适应亚足联关于亚洲外援的规定，这一政策被进一步放宽到增加一名亚洲外援不受注册和上场限制。
但是怎樣都不會比歐洲足球或其他非足球聯賽一樣，有大量外援存在問題。
青少年球员培养
职业俱乐部成立以后，中国各地原有的由地方体委、足协投资和管理的青少年球员培养体制往往被俱乐部梯队所取代，由于没有成形的青少年足球赛事，而且青少年球员成为真正职业球员的比例低、时间长，所以俱乐部和地方足协往往并不重视这方面的投入。有些俱乐部甚至将整体出售青年梯队作为资金来源，诸如辽宁足球俱乐部的青年队就至少两次被整体出售，以此为班底先后成立了南京有有和安徽九方两支中甲球队。南京有有由于陷入了严重的资金短缺，拖欠球员薪水问题而被足协取消了注册资格；安徽九方则因为训练条件问题受到足管中心高层领导的点名批评而遗憾的退出中甲。
同时由于没有成熟的青少年赛事机制，青少年运动员水平无法得到充分体现，因此进入成年队的竞争越加激烈，非足球的因素也就变得越重要。比如国脚李本舰就曾经解释自己十二岁就离开山东老家去广东踢球，是因为“家庭环境一般”，不像“有钱人家的孩子能轻易获得踢球的机会”。 而上海申花投资人朱骏在入主申花后也抨击足球梯队中通过“孝敬”获得机会的情况，在申花队禁止任何人给教练送礼，送一根烟都开除，只看重球员实力而不看有没有钱。
國家足協
1955年1月3日中国足球协会成立。
國家隊
1951年成立了中国国家足球队。1980年代以来，多次参加奥运会足球比赛和世界杯足球赛预选赛，但是只有两次成功晋级奥运会决赛阶段比赛和一次进入世界杯决赛阶段。
参考文献 |
Milton Horn (September 1, 1906 – March 29, 1995) was a Ukrainian American sculptor and artist known for work that, according to a 1957 citation of honor from the American Institute of Architects, demonstrated "the truth that architecture and sculpture are not two separate arts but, in the hands of sympathetic collaborators, one and the same".
Early history
Horn was born near Kyiv, Russian Empire, on September 1, 1906. He was Jewish. In 1913, he immigrated to United States with his parents, Pinchos and Bessie. In 1917 Horn became an American citizen. He began drawing and painting in 1918. From 1921 to 1923, Horn studied with sculptor Henry Hudson Kitson and at the Copley Society, Boston. From 1923 to 1927, he studied at the Beaux-Arts Institute of Design. He was awarded a Tiffany Foundation Fellowship in 1925; his study of the Foundation's collection of Chinese paintings and Japanese prints strongly influenced the style of his drawings.
Horn was one of 250 sculptors who exhibited in the 3rd Sculpture International held at the Philadelphia Museum of Art in the summer of 1949.
Honors and works
1927–28 Received his earliest commission: the sculptured ceiling for Lentheric Perfume Salon in the Hotel Savoy Plaza in New York, demolished in 1940. In 1928, he married Estelle Oxenhorn, a dancer and, later, an accomplished photographer and documentarian of his work.
1931 Honored by the New England Society of Contemporary Art in Boston by a one-man exhibition.
1932–34 Cataloged Egyptian antiquities and Coptic textiles at the Brooklyn Museum under Jean Capart.
1935 Participated in the Federal Government's Work Projects Administration.
1936 Became a founding member of the Sculptor's Guild.
1938 Completed 'Spirit of the Mail' for the United States Post Office, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania.
1939 His terracotta relief entitled "Summer" wins prize at the New York World's Fair. In 1939, Horn finished his sculpture, 'Apprenticeship of Colonel Whitin' for the United States Post Office, Whitinsville, Massachusetts.
1939–49 Served as the Carnegie Professor of Art, and Artist-in-Residence at Olivet College, Olivet, Michigan
1941 "Paul Bunyan Straightening out the Round River" for United States Post Office, Iron River, Michigan
1943–44 Collaborated with Frank Lloyd Wright on a wood relief mural for the Carlton D. Wall House in Plymouth, Michigan.
1947 Completed 'Job', a figure symbolizing the human suffering endured, without loss of faith, by the victims of World War II. In 1949 Horn moved to Chicago.
1950 Received his first commission for a synagogue, 'Not by Might, Nor by Power, but by my spirit, saith the Lord of Hosts' for the facade of West Suburban Temple Har Zion in River Forest, Illinois, with architects Loebl Schlossman & Bennett. The stone relief depicts the divine presence, the many-eyed Shekhinah, in human form.
1951 'Job' included in the first, and last, juried national show of American sculpture at the Metropolitan Museum of Art.
1953–54 Sculpted Torah ark doors for South Shore Temple in Chicago. The wooden panels are life-size depictions of two cherubim. Completed the three bronzes "The Teacher, the Mother, the Father" for the PTA headquarters in Chicago
1953–55 Received his first commission from City of Chicago, "Chicago Rising from the Lake" for the Department of Public Works. Installed high on the facade of a parking garage, the piece is now located at ground level on the Columbus Ave. bridge and the Chicago River Walk.
1954–56 Worked on "History of Medicine", four monumental relief pylons, at the West Virginia University Medical Center in Morgantown, West Virginia.
1957 Awarded Citation of Honor by the American Institute of Architects Centennial Conference, Washington, DC.
1957 "Ark-Reredos" in Silling Chapel at the West Virginia University Medical Center (Reredos): wall behind the altar, serving also as the Torah ark. Representatives of the participating faiths agreed on the shared symbolism and architecture of the Ark-Reredos.
1958 Completed bronze relief (depicting a variety of philanthropy-supported activities, such as (from left to right) child care, physical fitness, religious study, scientific research, and care for the ill) for a facade of the Jewish Federation of Metropolitan Chicago. The piece is prominently displayed indoors at 30 S. Wells, the new Jewish Federation headquarters, as of 2007.
1963–65 Worked on the monumental "Hymn to Water" for the Central Water Filtration Plant of the City of Chicago. In this, the largest of his works, the artist used poetic symbols to celebrate water as the sustaining force of life.
1963–69 Created a bronze relief "Jacob's Struggle" (1963, cast 1969), in which "Horn depicts Jacob wrestling with the Angel of God. Caught in a swirl of robes and angel wings, the two figures are locked in an embrace of struggle and love". In 1997, after Horn's death, the relief was donated to St. Thomas the Apostle Catholic Church in Hyde Park.
1971 Created the "Physician" series of 4 medieval medical relief-carved medallions in gold filled, silver, and bronze; his only work ever made for private sale. Extremely limited production: even with gold at only $36 dollars an ounce in 1971 the gold set of 4 sold for $580.00 .
1972 Honored by the National Sculpture Society.
1975 Death of Estelle Horn.
1976 Awarded Honorary degree, Doctor of Fine Arts, by Olivet College, Michigan. Elected Academician by the National Academy of Design.
1975–79 Worked on "God and Israel", dedicated in homage to his late wife
1979–94 Completed a large bronze plaque (25" × 14"), commissioned by Dr. Messaros for the Medical Center at West Virginia University (WVU), which is dedicated to his late wife. Restored the hand carved and cast plaster maquette panels of the history of medicine for installation at West Virginia University. Created and cast three bronze medallions: a portrait of Estelle, a dancer, and a child's portrait. Reworked a number of plasticine sculptures (a portrait of Franklin Delano Roosevelt, "Dancer #3" and "Noah's Ark"), made at various times in his career, with the intent of casting them in bronze. Created the Milton Horn Fine Art Trust and the Milton and Estelle Horn Fine Art Study Collection at WVU.
1989 Retrospective exhibit at the Spertus Museum of Judaica. Moved temporarily to Hampstead in London where he created a life size bronze portrait.
1992 Returned to Chicago to work on a piece he called "Rhubarb", a large plant form. Due to his illness the piece was not completed. Worked also at that time to create a large crucifixion relief panel in clay.
After his death
In 2005 "Composition" (1944) is included in the permanent display of American art at the Art Institute of Chicago. Starting that same year, over eighteen works in bronze, wood, stone and terra cotta are placed at various institutions, museums and public sites by the Milton Horn Fine Art Trust. The largest project is the restoration, completion, installation and rededication of the 3-1/2 ton bronze "Chicago Rising from the Lake" north of the Chicago River on the west-facing wall of the Columbus Drive Bridge in Chicago.
Architectural sculpture
Paul Bunyan Straightening out the Red River WPA Federal Art Project, U.S. Post Office, Iron Mountain, Michigan, 1941
Cherrywood bas relief, carved in situ, Wall Residence, Plymouth, Michigan, Frank Lloyd Wright, architect, 1944
Not By Might, and West Suburban Temple Har Zion, River Forest, Illinois, 195
Teacher, Mother, and Father, The Teacher, National Parents & Teachers Association Building, Chicago, Illinois, 1953
Chicago Rising from the Lake, City Parking Facility, 'the Bird Cage", Chicago, Illinois, 1954, relocated to the Chicago riverwalk at Columbus Drive.
Engineering and Research, Fishing and Farming, Continental Apartments, Chicago, Illinois, 1955
Reliefs, West Virginia University Medical Sciences Building Pylons, Morgantown, West Virginia, 1956
"The Spirit of Jewish Philanthropy, the Jewish Federation of Metropolitan Chicago Building, Chicago, Illinois, 1958
"'Continental Can Company Reliefs, Chicago. Illinois, 1961
Hymn to Water, Central District Filtration Plant of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 1966
Man Wrests from the Earth Its Natural Resources to Build a Pathway to the Stars, National Bank of Commerce Building, Charleston, West Virginia, 1967
In his own words
On the Nature of Sculpture by Milton Horn
The function of sculpture is not to decorate but to integrate, not to entertain but to orient man within the context of his universe.
Sculpture inhabits actual space in all its dimensions, and by its own inherent structural logic is able to impress upon our imagination a sense of reality. Whether it be an integral part of an architectural structure or free standing in architectural space or among nature's forms its sets up an inter-relationship between itself and its surroundings. Like life its myriad views assume new aspects under varying conditions; like life it is capable of drawing upon itself new interpretations and transcending them. Since it lives in actual space it interacts with it, measures it and is measured by it. The structure, the density or the translucency of the material, the specific life the work is to live, the rhythms of the time, which engulf the sculptor, join in the interaction and set up relationships that exist between the component. parts of the work and the whole, between the whole and its surroundings.
Sculpture is not an ersatz for man, beast, bird or any of these put together arbitrarily. Though it draws from nature structural principles, its functions are as totally different as its materials are. Transcending their physical properties, within the realm of our imagination, sculptured forms assume an aspect of the inter- dependence of all in the making of the ONE.
Sculpture is composed of concrete material interacting with thought, thought which draws its nourishment from experience with form. When concrete material and thought interact with space the resultant forms, in one way or another, recall either nature's forms or formalized aspects of nature's forms. Though sculptured forms live totally different lives from the motifs which they resemble, there is no such thing as non-representational, three-dimensional form, and yet sculpture by its very nature is an abstraction. Like architecture it is an organic abstraction in concrete form. When sculpture is wed to the architectural structure or wed to nature's forms and the topography of the site - sculpture wed to any or all of these performs the function of integrating man spiritually to his universe. Olivet College, 1948
Quoted from Milton Horn, Sculptor, see references section
References
Bach, Ira, Chicago On Foot: Walking Tours of Chicago's Architecture, Rand McNally & Company, Chicago 1979.
Bach, Ira and Mary Lackritz Gray, Chicago's Public Sculpture, University of Chicago Press, Chicago 1983.
Bittermann, Eleanor. Art in Modern Architecture, Reinhold Publishing Company, New York 1952.
Fred, Haydon, Ellis, Milton Horn, Sculptor, Spertus Museum of Judaica, Chicago 1989
Opitz, Glenn B , Editor, Mantle Fielding's Dictionary of American Painters, Sculptors & Engravers, Apollo Book, Poughkeepsie NY, 1986
Proske, Beatrice Gilman, Brookgreen Gardens Sculpture, Brookgreen Gardens, South Carolina, 1968.
Riedy, James L., Chicago Sculpture, University of Illinois Press, Urbana, IL 1981.
External links
Biography and examples of his work from the personal website of a Chicago-based artist
Milton Horn and works installed at West Virginia University, from university's official website
American architectural sculptors
American male sculptors
Modern sculptors
1906 births
1995 deaths
Emigrants from the Russian Empire to the United States
Artists from Chicago
Artists from Kyiv
20th-century American sculptors
20th-century American male artists
Federal Art Project artists
Sculptors Guild members
Sculptors from Illinois
Beaux-Arts Institute of Design (New York City) alumni
Jewish sculptors |
Radical chic is the fashionable practice of upper-class people associating with politically radical people and causes. Coined in the 1970 article "Radical Chic: That Party at Lenny's" by journalist Tom Wolfe, the term has become widely used in languages such as American English, French, and Italian. Unlike dedicated activists, revolutionaries, or dissenters, those who engage in "radical chic" remain frivolous political agitators—ideologically invested in their cause of choice only so far as it advances their social standing.
The concept has been described as "an exercise in double-tracking one's public image: on the one hand, defining oneself through committed allegiance to a radical cause, but on the other, vitally, demonstrating this allegiance because it is the fashionable, au courant way to be seen in moneyed, name-conscious Society." "Terrorist chic" is a modern expression with similar connotations. This derivative, however, de-emphasizes the class satire of Wolfe's original term, instead accentuating concerns over the semiotics of radicalism (such as the aestheticization of violence).
Origin and meaning
The phrase "radical chic" originated in a 1970 New York article by Tom Wolfe, titled "Radical Chic: That Party at Lenny's", which was later reprinted in his books Radical Chic & Mau-Mauing the Flak Catchers and The Purple Decades. In the essay, Wolfe used the term to satirize composer Leonard Bernstein and his friends for their absurdity in hosting a fundraising party for the Black Panthers—an organization whose members, activities, and goals were clearly incongruous with those of Bernstein's elite circle. Wolfe's concept of radical chic was intended to lampoon individuals (particularly social elites like the jet set) who endorsed leftist radicalism merely to affect worldliness, assuage white guilt, or garner prestige, rather than to affirm genuine political convictions.
Background
The concept of "fashionable" espousal of radical causes by members of wealthy society in this case had been argued against by Bernstein's wife, Felicia Montealegre, prior to the publication of "Radical Chic: That Party at Lenny's", a fact Wolfe details in it. The essay appeared in the June 8, 1970 issue of New York, 20 weeks after the actual fund raiser at the Bernstein residence was held on January 14. The first report of the event--which raised money in support of the Panther 21--appeared the following day in a piece by The New York Times style reporter Charlotte Curtis, who was in attendance. Curtis wrote in part: "Leonard Bernstein and a Black Panther leader argued the merits of the Black Panther party's philosophy before nearly 90 guests last night in the Bernsteins' elegant Park Avenue duplex." According to Wolfe, the release of the story worldwide was followed by strong criticism of the event: "The English, particularly, milked the story for all it was worth and seemed to derive one of the great cackles of the year from it."
The negative reaction prompted publication of an op-ed in the Times on January 16 entitled "False Note on Black Panthers" that was severely critical of the Black Panther Party and Bernstein:
Felicia Montealegre wrote and personally delivered a response to this op-ed to the Times offices. In her response she wrote:
Related terms
Terrorist chic (also known as "terror chic" or "militant chic") is a more recent and specific variation of the term. It refers to the appropriation of symbols, objects, and aesthetics related to radical militants, usually in the context of pop culture or fashion. When such imagery is deployed subversively, the process exemplifies aestheticization of propaganda. Regardless, because terrorist chic derives its iconography from groups and individuals often associated with violent conflict or terrorism, the term carries a greater pejorative tone than "radical chic."
Instances of terrorist chic have variously been interpreted as morally irresponsible, earnestly counter-cultural, ironically hip, or benignly apolitical. According to Henry K. Miller of the New Statesman, the most well-known example is the ubiquitous appearance of Marxist revolutionary Che Guevara in popular culture. Other cases that have been labeled terrorist chic include: the Prada-Meinhof fashion line (a pun on Prada and the Baader-Meinhof Gang) and the fashion of combining keffiyehs and military-style clothing such as camo prints and heavy boots, outside the Arab World.
Shortly after the October 17, 1997 burial with military honors in Santa Clara, Cuba, of Guevara's disinterred and identified remains, found in the Bolivian jungle by forensic anthropologists, New York Times columnist Richard Bernstein argued that the third-world revolution that Che embodied was no longer even a "drawing-room, radical-chic hope". Concurrent with his re-burial, three major Guevara biographies were published in 1997. Noting the sustained interest in Che, Bernstein suggested that "the end of the cold war and the failure of the third-world revolution" allowed for the "scrutiny of Guevara, [as] a symbol of both the idealism and the moral blindness of the decade of protest" to take place in a context "free of ideological partisanship and rancor." Ted Balaker, editor-in-chief of Reason TV, an American libertarian website, wrote and produced Killer Chic in 2008, a libertarian, anti-Communist documentary, in which he deconstructed the use of images of Che Guevara and Mao Zedong in popular culture. In his blog entry on 11 December 2008, Reason journalist Nick Gillespie used the term "killer chic" in his review of Steven Soderbergh's film Che.
See also
References
Further reading
.
.
External links
Lists of examples
Darling, it's so radical chic
Radical sheep
The revolution will not be accessorised
'Radical Chic' Loses Luster by Joshua Goodman, Sun Journal, November 26, 2007
TERROr.chic – the artist
Essays and editorials
Come the revolution, we'll all be in combats
Analysis: Radical Chic
M.I.A. - Terrorist Chic
Cultural trends
Fashion aesthetics
Mass media issues
Neologisms
Pejorative terms for women
Political activism
Political terminology
Semiotics
Social class subcultures
Terrorism
Tom Wolfe
Upper class culture
Political pejoratives for people |
葛明遠，字子惠，贵州畢節人，清末政治人物、同進士出身。
光緒二十四年（1898年）戊戌科進士，三甲一百六十三名，同年五月，著交吏部掣签分发各省，以知县即用。后官江西知縣。
参考 |
永宁公主（），唐朝公主，是中国唐朝第六代皇帝唐玄宗李隆基第十七女。
开元二十六年（738年）八月廿二日，正式受册封为永宁公主，实封一千户，嫁给了裴巽（宜城公主、薛国公主的驸马）的儿子裴齐丘。裴齐丘官至秘书监，裴齐丘的侄子裴颍娶了永宁公主的姐姐齐国公主。
参考资料
《新唐书 列传第八》
李姓
唐朝公主
唐玄宗皇女 |
Lebanon competed at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo. Originally scheduled to take place from 24 July to 9 August 2020, the Games were postponed to 23 July to 8 August 2021, because of the COVID-19 pandemic.
It was the nation's eighteenth appearance at the Summer Olympics. Lebanon did not attend the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne as a response to the Suez Crisis. During the opening ceremony countries marched in the order of traditional Japanese characters using Gojūon script and Russia removed from the standard list due to doping sanctions, Lebanon was placed last in the parade of nations before 2028 host nation United States and 2024 host nation France, and as well as the host nation Japan.
Competitors
The following is the list of number of competitors in the Games.
Athletics
Lebanon received a universality slot from the World Athletics to send a male track and field athlete to the Olympics.
Track & road events
Judo
Lebanon entered one male judoka into the Olympic tournament based on the International Judo Federation Olympics Individual Ranking.
Shooting
Lebanese shooters achieved a quota place for the following event by virtue of her best finish at the 2018 ISSF World Championships, the 2019 ISSF World Cup series, and Asian Championships, as long as they obtained a minimum qualifying score (MQS) by May 31, 2020.
Swimming
Lebanon received a universality invitation from FINA to send two top-ranked swimmers (one per gender) in their respective individual events to the Olympics, based on the FINA Points System of June 28, 2021.
Weightlifting
Lebanon entered one female weightlifter into the Olympic competition, signifying the nation's return to the sport for the first time since Sydney 2000. Mahassen Fattouh topped the list of weightlifters from Asia in the women's 76 kg category based on the IWF Absolute Continental Rankings.
References
Nations at the 2020 Summer Olympics
2021 in Lebanese sport
2020 |
The 2022–23 T1 League regular season was the second regular season of T1 League. Participating teams included the Kaohsiung Aquas, the New Taipei CTBC DEA, the Taichung Suns, the Tainan TSG GhostHawks, the TaiwanBeer HeroBears, and the Taoyuan Leopards. Each team plays against another six times, three at home and three on the road, respectively, led to 30 matches in total. The regular season started on October 29, 2022, and ended on April 23, 2023. The 2022–23 season opening game, matched by the Kaohsiung Aquas and the New Taipei CTBC DEA, was played at Xinzhuang Gymnasium.
League table
Head to head
Matches
Matchweek 1 (opening match)
Matchweek 2
Matchweek 3
Matchweek 4
Matchweek 5
Matchweek 6
Matchweek 7
Matchweek 8
Matchweek 9
Matchweek 10
Matchweek 11
Matchweek 12
Matchweek 13
Matchweek 14
Matchweek 15
Matchweek 16
Matchweek 17
Matchweek 18
Matchweek 19
Matchweek 20
Matchweek 21
Matchweek 22
Matchweek 23
Matchweek 24
Awards
Yearly awards
All-T1 League First Team:
Lin Wei-Han (New Taipei CTBC DEA)
Mohammad Al Bachir Gadiaga (New Taipei CTBC DEA)
Chiang Yu-An (TaiwanBeer HeroBears)
Dwight Howard (Taoyuan Leopards)
Jason Brickman (Kaohsiung Aquas)
All-Defensive First Team:
Lin Wei-Han (New Taipei CTBC DEA)
Lin Ping-Sheng (New Taipei CTBC DEA)
Dwight Howard (Taoyuan Leopards)
Deyonta Davis (Taoyuan Leopards)
Hu Long-Mao (Kaohsiung Aquas)
Statistical awards
MVP of the Month
MVP of the Month awards were only for local players.
Import of the Month
Import of the Month awards were only for import players and type-III players.
See also
2022–23 Kaohsiung Aquas season
2022–23 New Taipei CTBC DEA season
2022–23 Taichung Suns season
2022–23 Tainan TSG GhostHawks season
2022–23 TaiwanBeer HeroBears season
2022–23 Taoyuan Leopards season
Note
References
External links
T1 League regular season games
Regular season
2022 in Taiwanese sport
2023 in Taiwanese sport |
《綠玉冠探案》是柯南·道爾所著的福爾摩斯探案的56個短篇故事之一，收錄於《福爾摩斯辦案記》。
故事簡介
銀行家亞歷山大·霍爾德先生接受了某王室实物的借貸，抵押品是貴重的綠玉冠。霍爾德擔心遺失綠玉冠，決定將綠玉冠鎖在家中的保險箱裡。晚上，霍爾德聽到奇怪的聲音，並見到兒子亞瑟站在保險箱前手拿著綠玉冠，霍爾德只好報警處理，同時找福爾摩斯協助。亞瑟對事件一直三緘其口，福爾摩斯則認為亞瑟無可能犯案，於是在霍爾德家中四周調查，發現不遠處有人打鬥的痕跡。福爾摩斯又易容化妝，到黑市尋找失物。最後發現霍爾德的侄女瑪麗才是偷寶物的真兇。
福爾摩斯探案
短篇小說
倫敦背景作品
蘇格蘭小說 |
馆陶路是中华人民共和国山东省青岛市市北区的一条南北向道路。道路南起堂邑路、市场一路、莱州路路口，与东阿路、吴淞路、上海路、广东路交汇，西端为恩县路陵县路路口。现该道路两侧部分历史建筑处于山东省文物保护单位青岛馆陶路近代建筑的保护范围内。
概况
道路于德国租借时期的1900年代上半叶始建，包含今堂邑路全路段和恩县路的甘肃路以西段，定名为皇帝街（），日本第一次占领时期变更道路起止点，将今馆陶路的上海路以北段改名为叶樱町（），上海路以南段包含今堂邑路全路段改名为所泽町（）；1923年北洋政府收回青岛后，道路起止点再次变更，市场一路以北路段改现名，以南为堂邑路。
该道路作为连接大港与旧市区中心的道路，自1910年代初开始已有部分洋行及金融机构迁至此处或在此购地，第一次日据时期时日渐兴盛，至民国时期已有众多日本及欧美企业及金融机构在此建设办公楼或设立办公地点。许多老建筑保存至今，其中9栋于2006年列入山东省文物保护单位青岛馆陶路近代建筑的保护范围。
2008年，市北区政府为招商引资，决定将堂邑路-馆陶路建设为“青岛德国风情街”，并于次年8月组织德国风情周及德国商品展销会。但建设德国风情街的行为招致了诸多争议，2009年5月7日，馆陶路两侧18棵老行道树被砍伐，引发周边居民的不满。除部分老建筑被整修外，其他1970年代至1990年代所建居民楼也被统一整修为“德式风格”。另外许多市民认为馆陶路现存老建筑多为日据时期所建，所谓德国风情街有名无实。
周边历史建筑
市场一路-上海路段
横滨正金银行青岛分行旧址
馆陶路1号位于馆陶路南端、馆陶路市场一路路口东北角，建成于1919年7月，最初为横滨正金银行青岛分行行址，日本建筑师长野宇平治设计，华胜建筑公司施工。1945年后为中国银行青岛分行所接收，1949年后曾先后为青岛市房产局级青岛市商业银行的办公楼。现为青岛银行馆陶路支行所在地，处于山东省文物保护单位青岛馆陶路近代建筑的保护范围内。
铃木洋行青岛分行旧址
馆陶路3号位于馆陶路1号北侧、馆陶路东阿路路口东北角，建于1921年，最初为青岛分行办公楼，曾被部分文献认为是三菱洋行青岛分行旧址。该建筑1945年为国民政府所接收，1946年1月中国纺织建设公司青岛分公司在此建立，1949年后曾先后为青岛市纺织总公司、中信实业银行青岛分行所使用，现为青纺联集团办公楼，处于山东省文物保护单位青岛馆陶路近代建筑的保护范围内。
太古洋行青岛分行旧址
馆陶路2号位于馆陶路1号对面、馆陶路莱州路路口街角处，建于1936年，最初为太古洋行青岛分行办公楼，设计师为俄国建筑师尤力甫（，罗马化：Wladimir Yourieff）。设立于1925年的麦加利银行青岛分行可能曾在此办公，因此该建筑被许多文献称为“麦加利银行旧址”。1949年后曾为青岛百货站文化用品公司，现为一家私立医院所使用。2006年列入第二批青岛市历史优秀建筑名单。
馆陶路2号北侧不远处的馆陶路2号乙（同时也是莱州路3号）建于1921年，最初为太古洋行仓库，现为酒店。
山东起业株式会社旧址
馆陶路6号位于馆陶路吴淞路路口西北侧，建于1935年，最初为日资地产商山东起业株式会社所属，建筑师长冈平藏设计，建筑三层平顶，钢筋混凝土结构。1949年后曾为青岛市市北区干部职工业余中等专业学校所使用。2000年代曾为多家私人商户所使用，后为青岛外事服务职业学校所使用，2020年拆除。
禅臣洋行青岛分行旧址（汇丰银行青岛分行旧址）
馆陶路5号位于馆陶路6号对面，馆陶路吴淞路路口东北角，建于1913年，最初为德资企业禅臣洋行青岛分行的办公楼，建成后英商汇丰银行青岛分行在此租用房间作为办公地点。1914年日英联军占领青岛后大楼被拍卖给日本商人，汇丰银行仍保留其办公室。1941年太平洋战争爆发后汇丰银行青岛分行停业，1946年复业，1949年再次解散。原馆陶路5号办公楼1949年后曾为军队用房，后曾为中国农业银行市北区办事处，2000年代至今为酒店。2007年1月6日晚曾发生火灾，屋顶大面积烧毁，修复后建筑内部结构改变较大。现处于山东省文物保护单位青岛馆陶路近代建筑的保护范围内。
捷成洋行青岛分行旧址
馆陶路8号现为青岛商務学校校舍，其紧邻馆陶路上海路路口西南角处有一栋老建筑（北侧门牌号为上海路58号），建于1911至1912年间，最初为捷成洋行（Diederichsen, Jebsen & Co.）青岛分行的办公楼。1914年日军占领青岛后，于1915年3月在此设立青岛小学校叶樱町分教室。1917年3月青岛第一小学校新校舍建成后分校撤销。次年，日本人吉利平次郎于1916年4月开办的青岛学院（原名青岛英学塾，后改名为青岛英学院，1917年改名青岛学院）自原校舍（今肥城路11号）迁至此处办学。1921年开设青岛学院商业学校，1925年开设青岛学院实业学校。该楼也曾为青岛市第二区警察署、青岛市公安局第二分局。1934年，青岛学院商业学校迁至台西镇新校舍（今青岛一中址）。1938年，馆陶路原校舍开设青岛纮宇高等女学校。另有其他文献称满铁调查部青岛驻在员事务所曾设于该建筑内。
1945年，青岛学院商业学校、青岛学院实业学校及纮宇高等女校解散。1946年，天主教会在此处设立私立明德中学。次年，鲁东联立临时中学第一分校（又称莱阳流亡中学）迁入明德中学南侧的一栋仓库建筑内（现址位于馆陶路8号院内，紧邻馆陶路6号）。1949年，莱阳流亡中学改名青岛四中，并于1951年在德平路开设分校。1952年，原私立明德中学与青岛四中本部合并为青岛十中，原四中迁往德平路至今。2002年，青岛十中更名为“青岛艺德实验学校”。2008年，艺德实验学校撤销并入青岛外事服务职业学校（青岛十二中），2018年8月，青島市教育局將該址移交給青島商務學校。
上海路-广东路段
朝鲜银行青岛分行旧址
馆陶路12号位于馆陶路上海路路口西北角，建于1931-1932年，初为朝鲜银行青岛分行营业场所，设计者为日本建筑师三井幸次郎。该建筑1945年为中央信托局所接管，1947年为中央银行青岛分行所使用。1949年后仍为金融机构所使用。现为中国工商银行市北区办事处所在地。现处于山东省文物保护单位青岛馆陶路近代建筑的保护范围内。2017年7月10日，建筑正门石柱和石制雨棚被使用单位违规拆除，当地文史研究者发现后经媒体曝光，该行及相关人员受到处罚。
齐燕会馆旧址
馆陶路13号建于1925年，最初为山东、河北同乡组织齐燕会馆的所在地，设计者为胶澳商埠局工程事务所的王锡波，因其室内外面积广大，曾为青岛市内的重要公共集会场所。1938年后为日军所占，改为兴亚俱乐部。1949年后曾为海军招待所，现仍为军事管理区，处于山东省文物保护单位青岛馆陶路近代建筑的保护范围内。
馆陶路19号
馆陶路19号位于齐燕会馆旧址所在院落北侧，为一栋二层里院建筑，约建于1913-1914年间，最初属于华人王景盛。1914年3月，日本人松本荣次郎在此开办蓬莱舍旅馆青岛支店。2020年，该楼仿照原图纸修复。
馆陶路21-23号
馆陶路21-23号位于馆陶路19号北侧、馆陶路宁波路路口东南角，为一栋二层里院建筑，具体建造年份不详。
馆陶路25-27号
馆陶路25-27号（亦为宁波路51号）位于馆陶路宁波路路口东北角，为一栋二层商住建筑，建于1910年代，最初属于华人匡柔芬。1915年3月，日本邮船会社青岛出张所在此开业。2020年仿照历史图纸修复。
青岛取引所旧址
馆陶路22号位于馆陶路宁波路路口西侧，建成于1925年，为中日合资的商品、证券交易机构青岛取引所的所在地。其建筑规模庞大且风格古典，曾是馆陶路一带的地标。该建筑1945年为国民政府所接收，1949年后为解放军海军所有，曾为海军俱乐部，后曾长期闲置。2014年被出租并开始翻修。现处于山东省文物保护单位青岛馆陶路近代建筑的保护范围内。
日本商工会议所旧址
馆陶路24号位于青岛取引所旧址北侧，可能建于1913年（一般资料认为建于1940年），最初为德商爱礼司洋行所在地，后改为青岛日本商工会议所旧址，1949年后为部队医院。现处于山东省文物保护单位青岛馆陶路近代建筑的保护范围内。
1913年地籍图显示改址1910年代时有一栋平面轮廓与现存建筑近似的建筑，属于爱礼司美益洋行（A. Ehlers & Co.），与现存建筑关系尚不可知。
广东路-陵县路段
利康洋行青岛分行旧址（丹麦驻青岛领事馆旧址）
馆陶路28号位于馆陶路广东路路口西北角，约建于1913年，最初为德商利康洋行（Sander, Wieler & Co.）驻青分支机构所在地，有说法称其为中国设计师张静芙所设计。该建筑1914年后至1920年代初为青岛总商会会址。1930年代为丹麦公司宝隆洋行所使用。由于宝隆洋行青岛分行经理兼任丹麦驻青岛领事，该建筑因此也成为丹麦驻青岛领事馆馆址。1949年后为国营棉麻供应机构所使用，2000年代曾为青岛市公安局小港派出所所在地，现为一家青年旅舍所使用。现处于山东省文物保护单位青岛馆陶路近代建筑的保护范围内。
大连汽船株式会社青岛支店旧址
馆陶路37号位于馆陶路广东路路口东北角，建于1927-1928年，最初为大连汽船株式会社青岛支店旧址，1945年后为国营招商局青岛分局所在地，1949年后仍为国营航运机构所使用，现为一家旅舍。现处于山东省文物保护单位青岛馆陶路近代建筑的保护范围内。
馆陶路41-43号
馆陶路41号与43号位于大连汽船株式会社青岛支店旧址北侧，建于1912年，为德国商人爱德华·埃尔里希（Eduard Ehrlich）所创办的建筑公司建造的两栋紧邻的公寓建筑，楼高三层，外立面装饰简洁。1922年后曾为胶海关宿舍。2009年3月5日凌晨，两栋建筑失火，造成1死5伤，楼顶烧毁。两栋建筑修复时内外结构有所改变。
馆陶路49号
馆陶路49号现为青岛交运公司开设的道路交通博物馆，该楼最初为两栋建于1910年代的建筑（西侧一层，东侧二层），属于德国商人埃尔里希。该楼1949年后曾为山东省汽车运输公司青岛汽车站（馆陶路汽车站）所使用，2009年大规模改造。
馆陶路汽车站
馆陶路36号位于馆陶路北端、馆陶路陵县路路口北侧，为馆陶路汽车站所在地。该地所在地块1914年前为德商美最时洋行（Melchers & Co.）所有，1914年为汤浅商店青岛出张所所有，可能于1950年代改为长途车站。该站现为青岛交运公司所管理。2014年至2015年间，交运公司为进行商业宣传，编造、歪曲历史，称该站“建于1910年，为中国最早长途车站”，并在新闻媒体等处予以大规模宣传，为青岛文史界所驳斥。
相关条目
堂邑路
中山路 (青岛)
参考资料
青岛街道 |
利皮夫齊（），是烏克蘭的城鎮，位於該國西部利沃夫州，由佩列梅什利亞內區負責管轄，始建於1441年，面積6.36平方公里，海拔高度347米，2001年人口1,087，人口密度每平方公里170.91人。
參考資料
Akta grodzkie i ziemskie, T.12, s.296, №3186
Погода в селі Липівці
利沃夫州村落
佩列梅什利亞內區村落 |
请描述鼻前庭炎的诊断方法？分为急性和慢性两种，急性者鼻前庭皮肤红肿疼痛，严重者可扩及上唇交界处有压痛表皮糜烂并盖有痂皮。慢性者鼻前庭部发痒灼热和结痂鼻毛脱落皮肤增厚皲裂或盖有鳞屑样痂皮。 |
The whitespotted toadfish (Sanopus astrifer) is a species of fish in the family Batrachoididae. It is endemic to Belize.
References
http://marinebio.org/species.asp?id=5406
Sanopus
Fish of Central America
Vertebrates of Belize
Endemic fauna of Belize
Fish described in 1965
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot |
Designer and artist Jessie Stanley is based in Melbourne, Australia. She had an internship at Fabrica in Italy after earning her Bachelor of Visual Communication degree with First Class Honors from Monash University in 2001. In 2003, she founded her own studio, "Foundry." Although her work has been recognised and honoured, I still think of her as a forgotten design super hero. Her name deserves to be associated with excellent Australian design.
.Although relatively invisible outside of Australia, Stanley's online presence has been increased through the publishing of her portrait, short biography, gallery of her work and videoed interview on afFEMation.com where her high engagement and influence on the networks in contemporary Australian graphic design is illustrated through a sociogram.
Early career
As a graphic design graduate from Monash University (2001) and inspired by the First Things First 1964 manifesto, Stanley travelled from Australia to Europe to intern at Fabrica, in Italy, and Studio Dumbar, in the Netherlands (2002). On her return to Melbourne, Stanley established her studio called Foundry, (2003). The craftsmanship and tactility displayed in her early work like the 'Measurement' project, a series of printed measuring tools, won prestigious awards including the local Premiers Design Mark (2008) and the international Type Directors Club Certificate of Typographic Excellence (2009).
Biography
Stanley has lectured in the Bachelor of Visual Communication at both Monash University (2003–2004) and Swinburne University (2004–2007) in Melbourne, Australia. Since 2014, she has worked under her own name as a visual artist, whose public installations and exhibitions have been highly influenced by her background in graphic design and her desire to, "redefine the role of graphic design..."
As part of exploring the conceptual abilities of graphic design, Stanley progressed from traditional print media to three-dimensional works, including a public installation called 'The Distance Between You and Me' (2015), which focused on highlighting the importance of local histories and engaging local communities. Stanley had ancestors buried in Vaughan cemetery where she placed the works that included over 2,000 oragami flowers.
Her most recent work has begun exploring spaces through projected light and interactive elements. In 2017, 'Spectrum' featured in an RMIT sponsored projection at Melbourne's White Night festival and used light and colour to show the opposing forces in the world. In 2018, her kinetic work, titled 'HUMAN / NATURE' (2018), which was created during her 'Artist in Residency' in City of Moreland, narrated the history of Kyneton Botanic Gardens.
Awards
Besen Emerging Artist Mentorship with Melbourne Fringe Festival (2016)
Artist in Residence, MoreArts Festival, City of Moreland (2016)
Banyule Award, Works On Paper, Finalist 2015 Hidden: Rookwood Cemetery Sculpture Park Walk, Commended Artist (2016)
QANTM Create Design Award, Finalist: Print, Creative (2011)
Modern Craftsmen Commission at Pin-up Gallery, Honourable mention (2011)
Type Directors Club, New York, Certificate of Typographic Excellence (2009)
Premiers Design Awards, Premiers Design Mark (2008)
Fox River Paper Outstanding Design Awards, First place (2007)
Australian Graphic Design Association, Distinction Award (2006)
Australian Graphic Design Association, Distinction Award (2004)
State Of Design Awards, Finalist (2004)
Type Directors Club, New York, Certificate of Typographic Excellence (2004)
Solo exhibitions
The Distance Between You And Me, series of site specific installations in the Township of Vaughan, Victoria, Castlemaine State Festival (2015)
Everything Is From Nothing (Exploring the Big Bang), Stockroom Gallery, Kyneton (2011)
Today Tomorrow, State of Design Festival at Found by Foundry, Daylesford (2009)
Just One Person And Look At All You Have Done, Street installation, Prahran (2004)
Broadcast, Kraznapolsky Gallery, St Kilda (2001)
Group Exhibitions
2015 (current) THE VIEW FROM HERE, Anita Traverso Gallery, Richmond
2011 YOU ARE HERE, Stockroom Gallery, Kyneton
2011 MODERN CRAFTSMEN COMMISSION, Pin-up Gallery, Collingwood
2009 TYPE DIRECTORS CLUB AWARDS EXHIBITION, United States, Canada, Europe, & Japan
2008 PREMIERS DESIGN AWARDS, Melbourne Museum
2007 FOX RIVER PAPER OUTSTANDING DESIGN AWARDS EXHIBITION, United States & Europe
2004 STATE OF DESIGN, Melbourne Museum
2004 TYPE DIRECTORS CLUB AWARDS EXHIBITION, United States, Canada, Europe, & Japan
Publications
ABC Open, Family History Inspires Art in Vaughan, (21 March 2015).
Ish Magazine Singapore (March 2009), designer profile.
The Age (July 24, 2009), designer profile, The Arts.
Green magazine, Issue 12, pp32–39, feature article.
Wallpaper* (December 2008), product editorial.
Page magazine, Germany. Issue 05.04, (May 2004), pp52–58 feature article.
The Melbourne Design Guide (2009), Alphabet Press, pp150–151, studio profile.
Kent Wilson, 2011, Generation, Capture, Release: Fairweather and Robbins, 27/9/11.
Monument magazine Issue 62 (August/September 2004), pp76–77 studio profile.
References
Australian graphic designers
Australian women graphic designers
Australian typographers and type designers
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people |
网状黑粉菌（学名：Ustilago polygoni-aiati）是属于黑粉菌目黑粉菌科黑粉菌属的一种真菌，寄生在尼泊尔蓼上。该种分布于中国、印度。
参考文献
黑粉菌属 |
民主進步黨立法院黨團，為民主進步黨在立法院內設置的議會黨團，成立於1987年2月2日，第一屆立院79會期。最初的成員為1986年所選出的第五次增額立委所組成。1990年，陳水扁任民進黨立院黨團首任幹事長。1991年7月5日，陳水扁提案修正《立法院組織法》，明定立法院應設置黨團辦公室之要件，於1992年1月16日三讀通過。1993年1月17日，第二屆民主進步黨立法院黨團成立大會，制定《民主進步黨立法院黨團組織規程》。二屆立院起設置民進黨立院黨團辦公室，黨團三長（召集人、幹事長、書記長）為民進黨中央的當然中常委。
黨團組成
現任黨團幹部
第10屆第8會期黨團幹部
總召：柯建銘
幹事長：劉世芳
副幹事長：蔡適應、江永昌
書記長：莊瑞雄
副書記長：羅美玲、洪申翰
黨團席次：64席
歷屆黨團幹部
第10屆立法院
註釋
參考文獻
外部連結
民主進步黨立法院黨團
民主進步黨立法院黨團facebook
民主進步黨組織
立法院次級團體
1987年建立的組織 |
燕崖乡是中国山东省淄博市沂源县下辖的一个乡。
行政区划
燕崖乡下辖燕崖村、中辉村、胡围村、河西村、双泉官庄村、杏花村、西辉村、东辉村、石板村、冯家峪村、大马岭村、刘庄村、花峪村、红岭子村、郑家场村、汉林村、平安村、巩家峪村、蒲峪村、碾砣村、计宝峪村、朱家户村、姚南峪村、石井河村、王庄村、桑家峪村、桑家楼村、帽子庵村、井子峪村、上龙巷村、东高角村、偏良山村、南安乐村、牛郎官庄村、大洪峪村、安乐官庄村、北安乐村、山水河村、火石盖村、戴家庄村、韩家庄村、牛峪村、东郑王庄村、西郑王庄村、西白峪村、东白峪村。
淄博乡级行政区划 |
获得性循环抗凝物质增多症的诊断是什么？1.激活的部分凝血活酶时间、凝血时间和血浆复钙时间均有延长。2.正常全血和血浆不能纠正因循环抗凝物质增多所致的异常凝血象。3.抗因子、、和抗体使因子、、和的灭活强度增强，使凝血因子剩余活性减低。4.抗凝血物质测定滴度增高。5.抗体中和试验示因子、、和活性降低，严重者可低至1%左右。根据病情、临床表现、症状、体征选择心电图、B超、X线、CT、MRI、生化、肝肾功能等检查。 |
弗洛森比格（德语：）是德国巴伐利亚州的一个市镇。总面积23.27平方公里，总人口1651人，其中男性807人，女性844人（2011年12月31日），人口密度71人/平方公里。
参见
巴伐利亚州市镇列表
参考
巴伐利亚州市镇 |
广德国是西汉时期的诸侯国，位于今黟县碧阳镇东龙江乡古城村，存在于西汉鸿嘉二年（前19年）至始建国元年（9年）。
地名
有人称，今广德市是以广德国为名。有人对这一说法表示反对，认为“广德”是“意揣之词”，且广德县与广德国“相距五百余里，马牛不及”，不可能“袭其旧名”，“古今名同者多矣”，二者名称并无关联。
参考资料
安徽古代行政区划
前19年建立
9年废除
西汉藩国 |
喉痹的诊断要点是什么?？1.病史 多有外感病史，或咽痛反复发作史。2.临床症状 咽部疼痛或微痛，咽干、咽痒、灼热感、异物感。3.局部检查 咽部黏膜微红或充血明显，微肿，悬雍垂色红、肿胀，或见咽黏膜肥厚增生，喉底红肿，咽后壁或有颗粒状隆起，或见脓点，或见咽黏膜干燥。喉核肿胀不明显为其特征。4.其他 血常规检测，咽部细菌培养等有助于本病的诊断。 |
奥尔米利亚（西班牙语：），是西班牙拉里奥哈自治区的一个市镇。总面积16平方公里，总人口454人（2001年），人口密度28人/平方公里。
参考文献
拉里奥哈市镇 |
歐霸（；又译-{zh-hans:欧霸、威凯、依维柯; zh-tw:歐霸、依維柯; zh-hk:威凱、依維柯;}-）是意大利飛雅特車廠屬下的公司之一，2011年起成為飛雅特工業的子公司，該公司成立於1975年，專門生產卡車等商用車輛，總部設於意大利北部城市杜林。
歐霸卡車每年生產大約200,000輛商用車輛，以及460,000台柴油引擎。至2007年，該公司年收益達111.96亿歐元。
歷史
威凱的前身是飛雅特商用車生產線。1975年1月1日，飛雅特合併了另四家公司Officine Meccaniche（意大利）、Lancia Veicoli Speciali（意大利）、Unic（法國）、Magirus（德國），並與旗下商用車生產線組成一家新公司「Iveco」。其後歐洲商用車市場競爭激烈，威凱不斷以收購其他公司壯大自己，例如西班牙的畢卡索公司與英國的Seddon-Atkinson；1999年威凱與法國雷諾汽車合資組成Irisbus生產客車，至2001年從雷諾手中接手Irisbus所有股份。
1996年3月1日，威凱與中国南京汽车集团合組南京依維柯，進軍中國市場。
車型
輕型貨車系列
Iveco Daily
重型貨車系列
Iveco EuroCargo
Iveco Trakker
Iveco Stralis
Iveco S-Way
Iveco HI WAY
巴士系列
Eurobus
Iveco Marcopolo
消防車系列
Iveco EuroFire
越野车系列
Iveco LMV
Iveco Massif
子公司
Irisbus
Iveco Magirus
圖片
參考文獻
參見
南京依維柯
外部連結
威凱義大利官方網站
中國大陸依維柯官方網站
威凱台灣官方網站（台灣總代理：台塑集團 台宇汽車）
1975年成立的公司
菲亚特汽车
義大利品牌
意大利汽车公司
貨車生產商
巴士生產商
发动机制造商
汽車零件供應商 |
尤氏下鱵（学名：），又名尤氏下鱵魚、補網師、水針，为辐鳍鱼纲颌针目鱵科下鱵魚屬下的一个种，该物种主要分布于西北太平洋琉球群岛及周边海域。
参考文献
H
Y |
Menstrupedia comic is a guide to educate people around the world, particularly in India, on menstruation. It was started by Aditi Gupta and her now husband, Tuhin Paul. Menstrupedia aims to help people understand the process of puberty in women and men in order to destroy myths around menstruation and normalise the biological process.
Background
When Aditi Gupta attained puberty at the age of 12, she found that menstruation is a taboo topic in India. She had to follow Indian traditional customs that implied that a menstruating person was impure, and although her family was well-to-do and educated, she had no access to sanitary napkins because buying them was considered shameful. As she grew up and moved away from her hometown, her perception of menstruation changed. She wished to spread awareness to help girls understand their bodies better and not let society shame them for their biology.
The project started as a computer game, then a board game, developed when Gupta and Paul were students at the National Institute of Design in Gandhinagar; it was originally Gupta's thesis project. The project was launched in 2012 as a prototype pamphlet in Hindi before becoming printed comic books in 2013 following a crowdfunding campaign.
Comic
Menstrupedia explains menstruation by using relatable characters. The book is designed in a culturally sensitive manner with no objectionable drawings. The content of the book is reviewed by gynecologists for medical accuracy. In the comic, Priya Didi, a doctor, explains puberty to her younger cousin Pinki and to Pinki's friends Jiya and Mira. When Jiya gets her first period during Pinki's birthday party, Priya Didi uses the opportunity to talk to the girls about menstrual health, hygiene and puberty as they ask her questions.
Menstrupedia comic is available in 17 languages and also co-published in 11 countries namely Kenya, UK, Malaysia, Brazil, Egypt, Australia, Maldives, Uruguay, Nepal, Hungary, and Zimbabwe.
Blog
The associated blog is a crowd-sourced platform with more than 3000 writers, some as young as 12, and intentionally beautiful illustrations "to flip the narrative". The website also contains Q&A and Learn sections. The online content and the comic have both been reviewed by medical professionals for accuracy.
Popularity
Since its launch, Menstrupedia has received appreciation for its fact-based portrayal of menstruation. The comic has been used by over 25,500 schools impacting over 13 millions girls and women across India and the world..
As of March 2019, the comic had been published into 17 languages, such as English, Hindi. Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Kannada, Malayalam. Marathi, Odia, Punjabi, Tamil, Telugu, Tibetan, Urdu, including Nepali, Hungarian, and Spanish, and has been incorporated by over 25,500 schools across India.
The initiative further gained recognition through its appearance on Shark Tank India, (the Indian adaptation of the American TV series Shark Tank) from the CEO of Emcure Pharmaceuticals and Shark Tank India judge Namita Thapar.
In 2016 the comic won the Laadli Media Award and Advertising for gender sensitivity, held at the National Centre for the Performing Arts.
In 2018, the comic was gifted to more than 525 girls from a school run by Nagar Prathmik Shikshan Samiti in Navsari to educate them about menstruation and hygiene.
In 2019 the comic was featured in vogue Japan under the section celebrating the female power in Asia.
In 2020 the Assamese version of the comic was released for a function held at the conference hall of Deputy Commissioner's office in Dibrugarh as part of Project Sakhi with the aim to foster better menstrual hygiene management for girl students.
The same efforts were continued in 2021 on the occasion of International Menstrual Hygiene Day by Deputy Commissioner Mr Sandeep Hans who procured 4000 books under the 'Beti Bachao Beti Padhao' scheme which have been sent to government schools of Moga.
Later in 2022, an interactive session on menstruation was conducted by Open Eye Foundation for girl students in Govt Model Middle School in Chandigarh, followed by distribution of Menstrupedia comics.
References
External links
Menstrupedia Comic in English
Indian comics
Indian comics titles
2012 comics debuts
Educational comics
Menstrual cycle |
宝宝智力低下的早期特征有哪些？婴儿智力低下，哭得很少，早期不会笑，或笑得很晚，还会有吞咽困难，如果不注意，会导致婴儿呕吐。婴儿还患有眼功能发育不良，智力低下的儿童不重视周围的人和事，或者他们没有反应，他们对声音的反应能力也很差。同时，婴儿的运动发育比其他正常儿童慢，还会出现流口水、面部特殊、经常发呆等症状。首先，正常的婴儿和幼儿应该笑或嘲笑大约2-3个月大的孩子。如果他们不喜欢笑，他们可能会很早就发现这个领域的问题。第二，一些孩子有吞咽困难。当他们平时进食时，他们发现自己吞咽不好，吞咽反应也很差。第三，有时孩子有听力问题。听力障碍会影响他与外界的交流，也可能导致智力问题。第四，一些孩子有视觉问题。他们在与他人交流时可能会遇到这样的障碍，也可能有智力问题。第五，有些孩子会有特殊的面孔，如宽眼睛距离和低鼻梁，这属于先天性疾病。儿童可能有精神障碍。第六，我们发现有些孩子出生后哭得更少或有特殊的哭声，如猫哭，这可能是先天性疾病，并可能导致智力迟钝。第七，有些孩子流口水，例如，一岁还没有牙齿。第八，他还结合了其他可能导致智力问题的问题。第九，儿童运动障碍，如果运动严重落后也会影响智力水平。智力迟钝的儿童不会笑得很晚，他们的眼睛没有完全发育，他们不看周围的人和事物，成年人对周围发出的声音没有反应，有时他们只是微弱地尖叫或哭泣，他们不哭或很难为引起哭泣的外部刺激而哭泣。进食困难，吃固体食物时不吞咽，呕吐，常见舌头拖在嘴上，流口水，傻笑，手脚僵硬，动作笨拙，感觉不聪明，计算能力比别人差，自我表现差。 |
《超異能冒險》（）是部2009年奇幻冒險電影，翻拍自1975年的《》（Escape to Witch Mountain），根據 Alexander Key 1968年的同名原著改編，由安迪·菲克曼（Andy Fickman）執導，巨石強森、安娜蘇菲亞·羅伯與亞歷山大·路德維格（Alexander Ludwig）主演。
2008年三月在洛杉磯進行拍攝製作，2009年3月13日北美首映，台灣於4月10日上映。
劇情
倒楣的的士司機傑克·布魯諾（巨石強森飾）碰上一對正在逃亡的少年兄妹莎拉（安娜蘇菲亞洛飾）及賽斯（阿歷山大盧域飾）。由他們上車的一刻開始，亡命旅程立即展開。原來莎拉及薛夫是身懷異能的外星來客，更掌握拯救地球未來的秘密關鍵；因此成為政府特工及地下組織惡勢力的獵物，更有其他外星戰隊向他們展開追殺。傑克為了救己救人，必須在限時之前，把兩名外星少年送回他們在地球的太空基地…
演員
金·理查茲和艾克·艾森曼是1975年舊版的男女主角，當年演出都還是孩童青少年，兩人皆在新版中客串演出。
製作
2007年七月華特迪士尼影業找導演安迪·菲克曼執導，與 Matt Lopez 共同編劇，新版將1975年《巫山大逃亡》改編為「現代重拍版」，與舊版故事是大相異庭。八月巨石強森確選為主角，電影計畫於2008年三月開拍。導演表示並非純粹舊版重拍，確切地說是製作出一個全新章節的大魔域（Witch Mountain，早期譯為巫山）世界。原著小說內容充斥著「黑暗驚悚」題材，導演企圖將1975年舊版電影當時刪減的要素加進新版電影裡。新版中加入UFO專家、軍隊、CIA等各方人馬於電影中，更是把外星生物概念加進影片作為主要核心。電影正式定名為《超異能冒險》（Race to Witch Mountain），在洛杉磯開拍。
評價
影評家給予《超異能冒險》普遍中等的評價。電影評論網站爛番茄，基於74篇評論中有38%的影評家給予正面的評價。Metacritic網站基於23篇評論，平均分數100分只拿到50分。而IMDb分數投票10分得到5.7分。
參見
外部連結
官方網站
電影相關介紹
2009年美國電影作品
美國兒童冒險片
英語電影
奇幻冒險電影
翻拍美國電影的美國電影
迪士尼電影
美國科幻片
人與外星生物接觸題材電影
安迪·菲克曼電影
計程車題材電影 |
The 1979 Italian Indoor Open, also known as the Bologna Open or Bologna Indoor, was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts that was part of the 1979 Colgate-Palmolive Grand Prix circuit and took place in Bologna, Italy. It was the fifth edition of the tournament and was held from 19 November through 25 November 1979. Fourth-seeded Butch Walts won the singles title.
Finals
Singles
Butch Walts defeated Gianni Ocleppo 6–3, 6–2
It was Walts' 2nd and last singles title of the year and the 4th and last of his career.
Doubles
Peter Fleming / John McEnroe defeated Fritz Buehning / Ferdi Taygan 6–1, 6–1
References
External links
ATP tournament profile
ITF tournament edition details
Italian Indoor Open
Italian Indoor Open
Italian Indoor Open
November 1979 sports events in Europe |
見沼區（）是埼玉市的10區之一。位于埼玉市東北部。舊大宮市東部。
地理
位於芝川與見沼代用水東緣所圍繞的台地上。東部與南部是稱為「見沼田圃」的田園地帶。
昭和30年代，此地逐漸宅地化，成為首都圏的臥城。
主要河川
綾瀨川、深作川、傳右川、見沼代用水、加田屋川、芝川
相鄰行政區
埼玉市的區
北區、大宮區、浦和區、綠區、岩槻區
其他市町村
上尾市
蓮田市
沿革
歷史
江戶時代屬武藏國足立郡南部領。
1878年（明治11年）實施郡區町村編制法，屬北足立郡。
1889年（明治22年）町村制施行，成立2村與2組合村。
大砂土村－大和田村、砂村、土呂村、堀崎村、島村、今羽村、西本鄉村合併。
片柳村－片柳村、染谷村、加田屋新田、山村、西山村新田、御藏村、笹丸村、東新井村、南中丸村、南中野村、中川村、上山口新田、新右衛門新田合併。
深作村外3村組合－深作村、小深作村、丸崎村、宮谷塔村4村組合。
大谷村外6村組合－大谷村、猿谷戶村、東門前村、東宮下村、膝子村、新堤村、風渡野村7村組合。同年改稱膝子村外6村組合。
1892年（明治25年）深作村外3村組合合併為春岡村。
1913年（大正2年）膝子村外6村組合合併為七里村。
1929年（昭和4年）北總鐵道（現：東武野田線）開通，大和田站、七里站開業。
1940年（昭和15年）大砂土村與大宮町、三橋村、宮原村、日進村合併為大宮市。
1955年（昭和30年）七里村、片柳村、春岡村編入大宮市。
1964年（昭和39年）東北本線東大宮站開業。
2001年（平成13年）浦和市、大宮市、與野市合併為埼玉市。
2003年（平成15年）改制政令指定都市，舊大宮市東部成立見沼區。郵遞區號從「330」改為「337」。
2005年（平成17年）風渡野開設大宮東警察署。
區名
區名源自於見沼區、綠區、北區的見沼（1728年因围垦而消失）。
2002年（平成14年），由前與野市長井原勇擔任委員長的「埼玉市區名選定委員會」成立，並舉行區名票選活動。票選結果如右表，最終委員會通過井原委員長的提案「見沼區」。
行政
區長：奧富晃（2011年4月起）
警察
埼玉縣警大宮東警察署管轄全區。下設5所交番。
消防
埼玉市消防局見沼消防署管轄全區。
出張所：東大宮出張所、蓮沼出張所
其他
稅務署：屬關東信越國稅局大宮稅務署。
社會保險：屬大宮年金事務所。
支所：東大宮支所、春岡支所、七里支所、片柳支所
經濟
企業
騰龍 本社
八木天線（八木アンテナ） 本社
地域
大宮市合併、編入前分為4地區。各地區設有支所、公民館。
大砂土東地區
大和田町
島町
砂町
東大宮
堀崎町
春岡地區
卸町
小深作
春野
深作
丸崎
丸崎町
宮谷塔
七里地區
大谷
新堤
蓮沼
東宮下
東門前
膝子
風渡野
片柳地區
加田屋
加田屋新田
片柳
片柳東
上山口新田
笹丸
新右衛門新田（新右エ門新田）
染谷
中川
西山新田
西山村新田
東新井
御藏
南中野
南中丸
見山
山
設施
教育設施
大學
芝浦工業大學（大宮校區）
日本大學法學部（大宮校區）
高等學校
埼玉縣立大宮商業高等學校
埼玉縣立大宮東高等學校
榮東高等學校
中學校
埼玉市立大砂土中學校
埼玉市立片柳中學校
埼玉市立春里中學校
埼玉市立七里中學校
埼玉市立大谷中學校
埼玉市立大宮八幡中學校
埼玉市立春野中學校
榮東中學校
小學校
埼玉市立大砂土東小學校
埼玉市立見沼小學校
埼玉市立片柳小學校
埼玉市立七里小學校
埼玉市立春岡小學校
埼玉市立蓮沼小學校
埼玉市立大谷小學校
埼玉市立島小學校
埼玉市立東宮下小學校
埼玉市立海老沼小學校
埼玉市立春野小學校
主要醫院
自治醫科大學埼玉醫療中心（登記上的地址在大宮區天沼町，但鄰近見沼區區界。）
埼玉紀念醫院
東大宮總合醫院
大宮厚生醫院
大宮共立醫院
其他設施
社區中心
東大宮、七里、片柳
市營體育設施
大宮武道館、大宮體育館、堀崎公園
市立圖書館
大宮東圖書館春野圖書館、七里圖書館、片柳圖書館
郵便局
都市未來（アーバンみらい）東大宮內郵便局
大宮大谷郵便局
大宮風渡野郵便局
大宮片柳郵便局
大宮堀崎郵便局
大宮南中野郵便局
大和田站前郵便局
七里郵便局
東大宮站前郵便局
東大宮西口郵便局
大宮卸町簡易郵便局
區內的郵件集配由北區的大宮郵便局負責。
垃圾處理設施
東部環境中心
下水處理設施
大宮南部淨化中心 （附設見沼見聞館）
市營齋場
設有火葬場的大宮聖苑、回憶之里（思い出の里）市營靈園內的回憶之里會館。
交通
鐵路
東日本旅客鐵道
東北本線（宇都宮線）：東大宮站
東武鐵道
野田線：大和田站 - 七里站
道路
一般国道
國道16號、東大宮繞道（東大宮バイパス）
主要地方道
埼玉縣道1號埼玉川口線（第二產業道路）
埼玉縣道2號埼玉春日部線
埼玉縣道5號埼玉菖蒲線（第二產業道路）
埼玉縣道65號埼玉幸手線
一般縣道
埼玉縣道105號埼玉鳩谷線
埼玉縣道144號東大宮停車場線
埼玉縣道214號新方須賀埼玉線
埼玉縣道322號東門前蓮田線
埼玉縣道398號大和田停車場線
※ 首都高速道路埼玉新都心線埼玉見沼出入口在綠區三浦。東北自動車道岩槻IC在岩槻區加倉。（全部鄰近見沼區區界。）
巴士
國際興業巴士
東武巴士西
朝日自動車
埼玉市社區巴士（國際興業運行）
景點、古蹟
見沼田圃
七里總合公園
染谷花菖蒲園
大和田陣屋跡
膝子遺跡
南中丸貝塚
舊坂東家住宅（見沼經典館）
中山神社（中冰川神社）
萬年寺
常泉寺
備註
參考文獻
『大宮のむかしといま』大宮市（1980年11月發行）
外部連結
埼玉市見沼區役所 官方網站 |
肠内营养乳剂(TPFD)的副作用（不良反应）？给药速度太快或过量时, 可能发生恶心、呕吐或腹泻等胃肠道副反应。 |
民間監察世貿聯盟由香港多個民間團體組成，主要為監察世界貿易組織及2005年世貿香港部長級會議。希望向世貿組織表達意見。
民間監察世貿聯盟於2004年9月22日創立，組織機構有31個，包括勞工團體，人權團體，研究機構等代表草根階層的機構。聯盟的目標是反對自由貿易，希望促使世貿無法就進一步擴大投資及貿易自由達成協議，推動香港的反私有化，反外判化的運動，並希望傳媒關注中國加入世貿組織後勞動人民的處境。
民間監察世貿聯盟主要工作包括：
聯繫本地工會組織及民間團體的力量，發展對世貿的共同議題及立場。
推動公眾教育及宣傳活動，提高社會人士對世貿的關注及了解。
為針對世貿部長級會議的相關民間活動及預備工作籌募經費。
統籌及協調世貿部長級會議在港舉行期間由民間發起的研討及抗爭活動。
負責聯繫及協調國際間的關注團體。
倡議改善政府現行不民主及不透明的世貿決策政策。
外部連結
民間監察世貿聯盟
2005民間監察世貿聯盟網頁
使用不必要武力 無故滋擾示威者 民間世貿報告批警12宗罪
港民間監察世貿聯盟為年底世貿民間活動熱身
民 間 監 察 世 貿 聯 盟 加 入 南 韓 農 民 遊 行
香港組織 |
In mathematics, a surface is a mathematical model of the common concept of a surface. It is a generalization of a plane, but, unlike a plane, it may be curved; this is analogous to a curve generalizing a straight line.
There are several more precise definitions, depending on the context and the mathematical tools that are used for the study. The simplest mathematical surfaces are planes and spheres in the Euclidean 3-space. The exact definition of a surface may depend on the context. Typically, in algebraic geometry, a surface may cross itself (and may have other singularities), while, in topology and differential geometry, it may not.
A surface is a topological space of dimension two; this means that a moving point on a surface may move in two directions (it has two degrees of freedom). In other words, around almost every point, there is a coordinate patch on which a two-dimensional coordinate system is defined. For example, the surface of the Earth resembles (ideally) a two-dimensional sphere, and latitude and longitude provide two-dimensional coordinates on it (except at the poles and along the 180th meridian).
Definitions
Often, a surface is defined by equations that are satisfied by the coordinates of its points. This is the case of the graph of a continuous function of two variables. The set of the zeros of a function of three variables is a surface, which is called an implicit surface. If the defining three-variate function is a polynomial, the surface is an algebraic surface. For example, the unit sphere is an algebraic surface, as it may be defined by the implicit equation
A surface may also be defined as the image, in some space of dimension at least 3, of a continuous function of two variables (some further conditions are required to insure that the image is not a curve). In this case, one says that one has a parametric surface, which is parametrized by these two variables, called parameters. For example, the unit sphere may be parametrized by the Euler angles, also called longitude and latitude by
Parametric equations of surfaces are often irregular at some points. For example, all but two points of the unit sphere, are the image, by the above parametrization, of exactly one pair of Euler angles (modulo ). For the remaining two points (the north and south poles), one has , and the longitude may take any values. Also, there are surfaces for which there cannot exist a single parametrization that covers the whole surface. Therefore, one often considers surfaces which are parametrized by several parametric equations, whose images cover the surface. This is formalized by the concept of manifold: in the context of manifolds, typically in topology and differential geometry, a surface is a manifold of dimension two; this means that a surface is a topological space such that every point has a neighborhood which is homeomorphic to an open subset of the Euclidean plane (see Surface (topology) and Surface (differential geometry)). This allows defining surfaces in spaces of dimension higher than three, and even abstract surfaces, which are not contained in any other space. On the other hand, this excludes surfaces that have singularities, such as the vertex of a conical surface or points where a surface crosses itself.
In classical geometry, a surface is generally defined as a locus of a point or a line. For example, a sphere is the locus of a point which is at a given distance of a fixed point, called the center; a conical surface is the locus of a line passing through a fixed point and crossing a curve; a surface of revolution is the locus of a curve rotating around a line. A ruled surface is the locus of a moving line satisfying some constraints; in modern terminology, a ruled surface is a surface, which is a union of lines.
Terminology
There are several kinds of surfaces that are considered in mathematics. An unambiguous terminology is thus necessary to distinguish them when needed. A topological surface is a surface that is a manifold of dimension two (see ). A differentiable surface is a surfaces that is a differentiable manifold (see ). Every differentiable surface is a topological surface, but the converse is false.
A "surface" is often implicitly supposed to be contained in a Euclidean space of dimension 3, typically . A surface that is contained in a projective space is called a projective surface (see ). A surface that is not supposed to be included in another space is called an abstract surface.
Examples
The graph of a continuous function of two variables, defined over a connected open subset of is a topological surface. If the function is differentiable, the graph is a differentiable surface.
A plane is both an algebraic surface and a differentiable surface. It is also a ruled surface and a surface of revolution.
A circular cylinder (that is, the locus of a line crossing a circle and parallel to a given direction) is an algebraic surface and a differentiable surface.
A circular cone (locus of a line crossing a circle, and passing through a fixed point, the apex, which is outside the plane of the circle) is an algebraic surface which is not a differentiable surface. If one removes the apex, the remainder of the cone is the union of two differentiable surfaces.
The surface of a polyhedron is a topological surface, which is neither a differentiable surface nor an algebraic surface.
A hyperbolic paraboloid (the graph of the function ) is a differentiable surface and an algebraic surface. It is also a ruled surface, and, for this reason, is often used in architecture.
A two-sheet hyperboloid is an algebraic surface and the union of two non-intersecting differentiable surfaces.
Parametric surface
A parametric surface is the image of an open subset of the Euclidean plane (typically ) by a continuous function, in a topological space, generally a Euclidean space of dimension at least three. Usually the function is supposed to be continuously differentiable, and this will be always the case in this article.
Specifically, a parametric surface in is given by three functions of two variables and , called parameters
As the image of such a function may be a curve (for example, if the three functions are constant with respect to ), a further condition is required, generally that, for almost all values of the parameters, the Jacobian matrix
has rank two. Here "almost all" means that the values of the parameters where the rank is two contain a dense open subset of the range of the parametrization. For surfaces in a space of higher dimension, the condition is the same, except for the number of columns of the Jacobian matrix.
Tangent plane and normal vector
A point where the above Jacobian matrix has rank two is called regular, or, more properly, the parametrization is called regular at .
The tangent plane at a regular point is the unique plane passing through and having a direction parallel to the two row vectors of the Jacobian matrix. The tangent plane is an affine concept, because its definition is independent of the choice of a metric. In other words, any affine transformation maps the tangent plane to the surface at a point to the tangent plane to the image of the surface at the image of the point.
The normal line at a point of a surface is the unique line passing through the point and perpendicular to the tangent plane; the normal vector is a vector which is parallel to the normal.
For other differential invariants of surfaces, in the neighborhood of a point, see Differential geometry of surfaces.
Irregular point and singular point
A point of a parametric surface which is not regular is irregular. There are several kinds of irregular points.
It may occur that an irregular point becomes regular, if one changes the parametrization. This is the case of the poles in the parametrization of the unit sphere by Euler angles: it suffices to permute the role of the different coordinate axes for changing the poles.
On the other hand, consider the circular cone of parametric equation
The apex of the cone is the origin , and is obtained for . It is an irregular point that remains irregular, whichever parametrization is chosen (otherwise, there would exist a unique tangent plane). Such an irregular point, where the tangent plane is undefined, is said singular.
There is another kind of singular points. There are the self-crossing points, that is the points where the surface crosses itself. In other words, these are the points which are obtained for (at least) two different values of the parameters.
Graph of a bivariate function
Let be a function of two real variables. This is a parametric surface, parametrized as
Every point of this surface is regular, as the two first columns of the Jacobian matrix form the identity matrix of rank two.
Rational surface
A rational surface is a surface that may be parametrized by rational functions of two variables. That is, if are, for , polynomials in two indeterminates, then the parametric surface, defined by
is a rational surface.
A rational surface is an algebraic surface, but most algebraic surfaces are not rational.
Implicit surface
An implicit surface in a Euclidean space (or, more generally, in an affine space) of dimension 3 is the set of the common zeros of a differentiable function of three variables
Implicit means that the equation defines implicitly one of the variables as a function of the other variables. This is made more exact by the implicit function theorem: if , and the partial derivative in of is not zero at , then there exists a differentiable function such that
in a neighbourhood of . In other words, the implicit surface is the graph of a function near a point of the surface where the partial derivative in is nonzero. An implicit surface has thus, locally, a parametric representation, except at the points of the surface where the three partial derivatives are zero.
Regular points and tangent plane
A point of the surface where at least one partial derivative of is nonzero is called regular. At such a point , the tangent plane and the direction of the normal are well defined, and may be deduced, with the implicit function theorem from the definition given above, in . The direction of the normal is the gradient, that is the vector
The tangent plane is defined by its implicit equation
Singular point
A singular point of an implicit surface (in ) is a point of the surface where the implicit equation holds and the three partial derivatives of its defining function are all zero. Therefore, the singular points are the solutions of a system of four equations in three indeterminates. As most such systems have no solution, many surfaces do not have any singular point. A surface with no singular point is called regular or non-singular.
The study of surfaces near their singular points and the classification of the singular points is singularity theory. A singular point is isolated if there is no other singular point in a neighborhood of it. Otherwise, the singular points may form a curve. This is in particular the case for self-crossing surfaces.
Algebraic surface
Originally, an algebraic surface was a surface which may be defined by an implicit equation
where is a polynomial in three indeterminates, with real coefficients.
The concept has been extended in several directions, by defining surfaces over arbitrary fields, and by considering surfaces in spaces of arbitrary dimension or in projective spaces. Abstract algebraic surfaces, which are not explicitly embedded in another space, are also considered.
Surfaces over arbitrary fields
Polynomials with coefficients in any field are accepted for defining an algebraic surface.
However, the field of coefficients of a polynomial is not well defined, as, for example, a polynomial with rational coefficients may also be considered as a polynomial with real or complex coefficients. Therefore, the concept of point of the surface has been generalized in the following way.
Given a polynomial , let be the smallest field containing the coefficients, and be an algebraically closed extension of , of infinite transcendence degree. Then a point of the surface is an element of which is a solution of the equation
If the polynomial has real coefficients, the field is the complex field, and a point of the surface that belongs to (a usual point) is called a real point. A point that belongs to is called rational over , or simply a rational point, if is the field of rational numbers.
Projective surface
A projective surface in a projective space of dimension three is the set of points whose homogeneous coordinates are zeros of a single homogeneous polynomial in four variables. More generally, a projective surface is a subset of a projective space, which is a projective variety of dimension two.
Projective surfaces are strongly related to affine surfaces (that is, ordinary algebraic surfaces). One passes from a projective surface to the corresponding affine surface by setting to one some coordinate or indeterminate of the defining polynomials (usually the last one). Conversely, one passes from an affine surface to its associated projective surface (called projective completion) by homogenizing the defining polynomial (in case of surfaces in a space of dimension three), or by homogenizing all polynomials of the defining ideal (for surfaces in a space of higher dimension).
In higher dimensional spaces
One cannot define the concept of an algebraic surface in a space of dimension higher than three without a general definition of an algebraic variety and of the dimension of an algebraic variety. In fact, an algebraic surface is an algebraic variety of dimension two.
More precisely, an algebraic surface in a space of dimension is the set of the common zeros of at least polynomials, but these polynomials must satisfy further conditions that may be not immediate to verify. Firstly, the polynomials must not define a variety or an algebraic set of higher dimension, which is typically the case if one of the polynomials is in the ideal generated by the others. Generally, polynomials define an algebraic set of dimension two or higher. If the dimension is two, the algebraic set may have several irreducible components. If there is only one component the polynomials define a surface, which is a complete intersection. If there are several components, then one needs further polynomials for selecting a specific component.
Most authors consider as an algebraic surface only algebraic varieties of dimension two, but some also consider as surfaces all algebraic sets whose irreducible components have the dimension two.
In the case of surfaces in a space of dimension three, every surface is a complete intersection, and a surface is defined by a single polynomial, which is irreducible or not, depending on whether non-irreducible algebraic sets of dimension two are considered as surfaces or not.
Topological surface
In topology, a surface is generally defined as a manifold of dimension two. This means that a topological surface is a topological space such that every point has a neighborhood that is homeomorphic to an open subset of a Euclidean plane.
Every topological surface is homeomorphic to a polyhedral surface such that all facets are triangles. The combinatorial study of such arrangements of triangles (or, more generally, of higher-dimensional simplexes) is the starting object of algebraic topology. This allows the characterization of the properties of surfaces in terms of purely algebraic invariants, such as the genus and homology groups.
The homeomorphism classes of surfaces have been completely described (see Surface (topology)).
Differentiable surface
Fractal surface
In computer graphics
See also
Area element, the area of a differential element of a surface
Coordinate surfaces
Hypersurface
Perimeter, a two-dimensional equivalent
Polyhedral surface
Shape
Signed distance function
Solid figure
Surface area
Surface patch
Surface integral
Notes
Geometry
Topology
Broad-concept articles |
孕检丙肝抗体阴性是什么意思？众所周知，女性怀孕期间应定期进行一系列的产科检查。有些女性会发现一些疾病，如高血压，高血糖，心脏病等。有些疾病对孕妇和胎儿有不良影响，甚至需要考虑终止妊娠。丙型肝炎是一种肝炎，特别是近年来患者人群呈增长趋势。那么，孕检丙肝抗体阴性是什么意思？丙型肝炎抗体阴性意味着体内没有丙型肝炎病毒或存在的概率相对较小。这是丙型肝炎检查临床应用的基础之一。由于丙型肝炎具有高度传染性，主要通过性行为传播，因此有必要及时采取预防和检查措施。事实上，患有丙型肝炎的人体也会出现一些相应的症状，最常见的是以下症状。第一，在急性发作期间，患者的症状不明显，许多患者也会出现误诊和漏诊的现象。在第一集中，会出现一些类似流感的症状。许多患者会出现食欲不振，体质疲劳，恶心呕吐，还伴有黄疸症状，严重的患者会出现肝功能衰竭。第二，对于患有慢性丙型肝炎的患者，即使它发展多年，许多患者在检查之前也不会发现该疾病。患者常感到四肢无力，酸痛和食欲不振。但疲劳感并不相同。它与患者的身体素质有很大的关系。它会影响健康的工作和生活。通常，他们会感到右上腹部的不适，感觉很沉重，并经常感到恶心和关节疼痛。黄疸在慢性丙型肝炎患者中很少见。第三，患者会有嗜睡，而且性格发生变化，更不耐烦，有很多患者会出现腹胀，肝脏疼痛，一些严重的患者会出现白细胞升高，并伴有尿黄。皮肤会变得非常黄，并且会有肝掌，蜘蛛痣。也有很多患者因为治疗不及时，所以它会转变为慢性丙型肝炎。慢性丙型肝炎发生后，会引起严重的肝功能损害，肝肾功能衰竭，并导致肝硬化和肝癌。温馨提示，一定要注意丙型肝炎的发生，有效控制病情，并注意一些本病的危害，以免增加治疗难度，平时还要注意一些缓解事项。只有这样才能更有利于提高疾病风险，增强对疾病治愈的信心，勇敢地治疗疾病，更有利于控制疾病。 |
齐庄公可以指：
齊莊公 (購)，名購，齊成公之子
齊莊公 (光)，名光，齊靈公之子 |
下巴突然长痣是怎么回事？下巴突然长痣是属于色素痣，与内分泌有关，常因太阳下暴晒、烟酒、熬夜等不良生活习惯而加重。可以使用维A酸乳膏来促进色素吸收。同时要避免上述的不良习惯。那么导致人身上生长色素痣的原因都有哪些呢？我们一起来看看：1、身上长黑痣最常见的原因就是因为人体体内黑色素沉淀所造成的，这种情况是对身体健康没有太大影响的，大家可以不必担心，还有一种情况就是因为暴晒所导致的，那么大家就要注意在日常生活中学会防晒，这样才能减少身上长黑痣的情况出现。2、如果大家发现自己身上的黑痣出现变化的时候，就要警惕癌变的出现了。最常见的就是发现自己的身上出现皮内痣，并且这个痣还是因为大痣细胞分化而来的，是更成熟的小痣细胞，他是细菌进入真皮及其周围结缔组织中所导致的，这个时候大家就要引起重视，及时的采取治疗措施，这样才能帮助大家远离疾病的危害。3、我们身上长的黑痣分为两种，一种是毛痣，它是一种比较成熟的痣，他不会引起癌变的出现。但是还有一种是发生于手掌，足底，腰带部的痣，或者是女性常受文胸带摩擦肩部以及背部，所产生的色素痣，这种痣由于反复的摩擦或刺激，就很容易诱发癌变。因此，大家在选择衣服的时候一定要选择宽松的衣物，不要穿过紧的衣物，这样就能有效地减轻摩擦和刺激，从而有效的降低癌变发生的概率了。综上所述，我们已经在上面的内容中为大家详细的介绍了身上长黑痣是什么原因导致的，我希望大家能够仔细的阅读我上面所介绍的常见的三种原因，并且多关注我们的网站了解更多的其他原因，这样才能够帮助我们在日常生活中有效地预防疾病的出现，让大家拥有一个健康的身体。 |
张培善（），男，山东滕县人，中国地质矿床学家、稀土专家，中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所研究员。
参考资料
Pei
中国矿物学家
滕縣人
山东大学校友 |
陳郁涵（，），藝名陳艾熙，舊藝名小奈，台灣新生代女演員。 曾是《大學生了沒》固定班底。於2014年11月，與以辰、若穎、源元所共組女子團體Breeze。2014年11月5日發行首張EP《Pretty》，拍攝多部知名戲劇。陳艾熙一路從MV、廣告拍攝、微風廣場代言人，進而挑戰單曲、戲劇、主持等，近期以充滿自我態度的時尚造型，在時尚精品活動備受矚目，自然而多變的造型，渾然天成。接下來，於2019年更有多部戲劇、書籍作品的發布。
影視作品
電視劇
電影
音樂作品
EP
所屬團體之共同作品，請參閱Breeze
MV
代言
2013 微風廣場代言人
2014 微風廣場代言人
2015 微風廣場代言人
2014 Nu Bra 年度代言人
2015 Nu Bra 年度代言人
節目通告
SS小燕之夜 (中天綜合台)
綜藝大熱門 (三立都會台)
綜藝玩很大 (中國電視公司.三立都會台)
小明星大跟班 (中天綜合台.中天娛樂台)
飢餓遊戲 (中國電視公司)
麻辣天后傳 (中天綜合台)
天天樂財神 (中天娛樂台)
真的？假的 (中天娛樂台)
參考來源
外部链接
Y郁
C陳
C陳
C陳
C陳
C陳
臺北市立松山高級中學校友
大學生了沒畢業生 |
Goleta Depot is a train station building in Goleta, California constructed by the Southern Pacific Railroad in 1901, as part of the completion of the Coast Route linking Los Angeles and San Francisco. It is a Southern Pacific standard design Two Story Combination Depot No. 22. The building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and the California Register of Historical Resources and is the centerpiece of the South Coast Railroad Museum.
Southern Pacific closed its Goleta station in the 1970s. Eventually, Goleta Beautiful, a civic organization, obtained rights to the abandoned building which was moved on Nov. 18–19, 1981 to nearby Lake Los Carneros County Park. The park is the site of historic Stow House and Lake Los Carneros with walking trails and bird watching. The station was rehabilitated and restored, reopening in Oct. 1982. At first, the station also housed three local nonprofit organizations, the Goleta Valley Chamber of Commerce, Institute for American Research and Santa Barbara Audubon Society in addition to the museum, in a form of adaptive reuse. Later, the entire building became the home of the South Coast Railroad Museum.
A new train station with a concrete platform and open-air shelter opened nearby in 1998 for Amtrak trains.
See also
Registered Historic Places in Santa Barbara County
Southern Pacific Railroad Passenger Station and Freight House in Springfield, Oregon, a similar two-story depot design
References
Further reading
Bender, Henry E. Jr. (1998) “Southern Pacific Lines Standard Design Depots: Part 1,” SP Trainline 57: 11–26.
Coombs, Gary B. (1982). Goleta Depot: The History of a Rural Railroad Station. Goleta Beautiful and Institute for American Research. Goleta, California.
Lawler, Nan (1981). “Closing the Gap,” Railroad History, Bulletin 145: 87–105.
Potter, Janet Greenstein (1996). Great American Railroad Stations. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., pp. 466–467.
Sullivan, Steve (1986). “Goleta Depot: A Tribute.” In Those Were the Days: Landmarks of Old Goleta, edited by Gary B. Coombs, 35–44. Goleta, Ca.: Institute for American Research.
Tompkins, Walker A. (1966). Goleta: The Good Land. Goleta, Calif.: Goleta Amvets Post No. 55.
External links
Website of the South Coast Railroad Museum at Goleta Depot
Railway stations in Santa Barbara County, California
Goleta, California
Railway stations in the United States opened in 1901
National Register of Historic Places in Santa Barbara County, California
Railway stations on the National Register of Historic Places in California
Stick-Eastlake architecture in California
Former Southern Pacific Railroad stations in California |
Abarema idiopoda is a species of plant of the genus Abarema in the family Fabaceae.
Footnotes
References
(1996): Silk Tree, Guanacaste, Monkey's Earring: A generic system for the synandrous Mimosaceae of the Americas. Part I. Abarema, Albizia, and Allies. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 74(1): 1–292.
(2005): Genus Abarema. Version 10.01, November 2005. Retrieved 2009-12-19.
idiopoda |
水蛭咬伤的症状是什么？当人们在水中劳动时，水蛭可吸附在皮肤上，吸取血液。若将水蛭取下，受伤处常流血不止。自觉微痛。有敏感反应者，可出现风团、大疱甚至坏死，偶有过敏性休克发生者。在女子，可能进入阴道，因而引起阴道出血。饮生水或在河塘游泳时，小的幼蛭可侵入鼻腔，产生间歇性鼻出血、鼻塞、鼻痛或鼻内蠕动感等。水蛭虽然附着于皮肤上吸血，但不会钻入皮内。根据临床表现可以诊断。 |
The Treaty of Montreuil-sur-Mer (finalised 28 July 1274) was an agreement between Edward I of England and Guy, Count of Flanders, providing for free movement of merchants between their territories and effectively abolishing customs charged on English merchants in Flanders. It ended a four-year trade war that had begun on 1 September 1270 when Margaret of Constantinople, Countess of Flanders, impounded the wares of English merchants in Flanders for their king's non-payment of a money fief. The commercial dispute was devastating to the cloth towns of the County of Flanders, which had come to rely on English wool. Under the terms of the treaty, a joint committee of four Flemish and four English merchants chaired by two English administrators was established to inquire into the financial losses on either side and report by Easter 1275. Whichever side had suffered the least was to reimburse the difference.
References
Further reading
H. Berben, "Une guerre économique au moyen âge: L'embargo sur l'exportation des laines anglaises (1270–1274)", in Etudes d'Histoire dédiées à la mémoire de Henri Pirenne par ses anciens élèves (Brussels, 1937), pp. 1-17.
Treaties of medieval England
13th-century economic history
Montreuil
Commercial treaties
1274 in England
1270s in France
13th century in the county of Flanders |
Vilcabamba may refer to:
Vilcabamba, Peru, capital and last stronghold of the Neo-Inca state from 1539 to 1572
Vilcabamba, Ecuador, town in the province of Loja in southern Ecuador
Vilcabamba District, La Convención, one of eleven districts of the La Convención Province in the Cusco Region in Peru
Vilcabamba mountain range, long mountain range in the Cusco Region of southern Peru
"Vilcabamba" (short story), 2010 science-fiction story by Harry Turtledove |
The Conservative Union () was a political party in Greece in the 1920s.
History
The party first contested national elections in 1926, when they won three seats in the parliamentary elections with 1.3% of the national vote. However, the party did not contest any further elections.
References
Defunct political parties in Greece
Conservative parties in Greece |
慢性非萎缩性胃炎可以治吗？慢性非萎缩性胃炎是生活中常见的疾病，慢性非萎缩性胃炎是指不伴有胃黏膜萎缩性改变、胃黏膜层见以淋巴细胞和浆细胞为主的慢性炎症细胞浸润的慢性胃炎。病变的几率较小，若患者不及时治疗会导致病情加重，增加治疗难度。那么，慢性非萎缩性胃炎可以治吗？慢性非萎缩性胃炎又称为浅表性胃炎，通过药物治疗之后，基本上都可以痊愈。多数慢性非萎缩性胃炎患者可无任何症状，有症状者主要表现为上腹痛或不适、上腹胀、早饱、嗳气和恶心等非特异性消化不良症状。功能性消化不良患者可伴或不伴有慢性胃炎，根除幽门螺杆菌后慢性胃炎组织学可得到显著改善，但并不能缓解多数组织学改善者的消化不良症状，提示慢性胃炎与消化不良症状无密切相关。慢性非萎缩性胃炎，在活动期时要做好正确的治疗措施，虽然发生恶变的几率较小，不及时治疗会导致病情加重，增加治疗难度。治疗疾病可以考虑口服药物缓解症状，最好选择中成药，对胃黏膜有保护作用。除了药物治疗之外，在饮食方面要做正确的护理措施，在恢复期间饮食要清淡，注意营养搭配，不要吃辛辣、刺激性食物。保持良好的饮食原则，少吃多餐，细嚼慢咽，注意饮食卫生。多吃促进胃粘膜修复的食物，比如山药，山药里面有丰富的蛋白质和维生素，促进消化，缓解慢性非萎缩性胃炎引起的症状。综上所述，非萎缩性胃炎好好治疗是可以治愈的，但发展成重度萎缩治疗会更困难，癌变率会相应增加，胆汁在胃内会加重萎缩，也会引起胃炎，溃疡长期不愈。很多朋友因为工作的原因而选择不吃早餐，这种做法是错误的不吃早餐对我们的胃部造成的伤害是比较大的，同时，朋友们也不要吃一些生冷辛辣刺激食物。 |
女性急性盆腔炎如何引起的？急性的盆腔炎多是女性在生产以后，一般身体比较虚弱，这时候宫颈口也没有及时的关闭，所以如果这时候没有注意个人卫生，很容易就会感染一些细菌，导致盆腔炎，因此要注意产后的护理。盆腔炎通常是由于阴道炎，宫颈炎，子宫内膜炎，长期得不到有效的治疗，引起的上行感染，当然也不排除是盆腔手术所引起的。盆腔炎通常表现为白带发黄，有异味，腰骶酸痛，腹部双侧附件区压痛，反跳痛。可以口服药物进行治疗。如果总是反复难以治疗好，可以配合体外短波以及中药灌肠。还有一些女性朋友在进行一些人流手术或者是输卵管手术的时候，因为手术工具没有及时的消毒，就会容易感染病菌，引发该疾病。因此应该不要去一些小的不正规的诊所，要去些大的比较正规的医院去做诊疗。还有一个病因就是邻近器官，如果得了炎症，很多时候也会导致女性得了盆腔炎，例如如果女性得了阑尾炎，还有腹膜炎的时候，很多时候也会比较容易感染盆腔疾病，因此要及时治疗。女性在月经期间如果不注意个人卫生，使用了不干净的卫生巾或者是有过性生活，都会使病原体入侵到女性的体内，进而引发盆腔炎等常见的妇科疾病，损害女性的身体健康。抗生素为急性盆腔炎的主要的治疗措施，包括静脉输液、肌肉注射、口服等等多种给药途径，应该使用一些抗生素，并且可以联合抗厌氧菌治疗，注意疗程要足够，也可以联合中药治疗来取得更好的疗效。另外，也可以采取物理治疗，比如短波、超短波、离子透入、蜡疗，中医上也有中药塌渍治疗的方法，因为这些良好的温热刺激，可以促进盆腔局部的血液循环，改善组织的营养状态，提高新陈代谢，有利于炎症的吸收和消散。急性盆腔炎一旦发生，应该及时的按照医生的医嘱，坚持使用抗生素，只有这样才能够得到彻底的治疗好，以防转变为慢性的盆腔炎。 |
Neoxanthops is a genus of crabs in the family Xanthidae, containing the following species:
Neoxanthops lineatus (A. Milne-Edwards, 1867)
Neoxanthops quadrilobatus (Sakai, 1939)
Neoxanthops rotundus Guinot, 1968
References
Xanthoidea |
图标设计是设计图像符号的过程，以此来表现或具象或抽象的主题、实体或动作。在应用程式中，图标常常用于表示计算机系统中的程序、功能、数据或数据集。
风格与用途
图标设计简至平面图形、黑色轮廓；繁至具有各式渐变、投影、闭塞阴影、三维效果等平面设计元素。
因计算机图标能在各种尺寸下使用，在图标设计中，常先设计大尺寸的原片，由之产生小尺寸版本。为整套图标采用同套配色、透视角度和表现风格，使其风格一致，效果常令人满意。特别注意，绘制微缩尺寸图标时应注意消除没有必要的细节，对线条和对象进行像素级微调，以避免所产图像的凌乱和模糊。
尺寸调整
如今，很多图标的最大尺寸有着宽1024像素，高1024像素甚至更高的分辨率。图标设计的难点在于，要在这一最大尺寸，一直到其宽高16像素的所有微缩版本上，保持图标如一的交互性、美观性和易读性。很多图标格式为保障低分辨率下的清晰度，允许保存独立调整的子图像，可以是原图的微调版本，也可以完全不同。（例如：图标在高分辨率下表现为整个键盘，低分辨率下表现为单个键帽）。
用途
这里一个最常见和重要的例子就是应用图标，用于在Mac、Windows、Linux或者移动平台上代表一个应用软件。那些图标依靠别具一格和显著/难忘工具栏图标和的比喻作为产品品牌的一个部分。其他图标的常见用途包括收藏夹图标和按键和控制用图标。
步骤
图标设计的过程能大体分成两个步骤：设计象形符号、绘制定稿图像。
设计象形符号
设计象形符号有三种常用方法。
在图标设计练习中，首位考虑的，也是效果最好的方法是使用惯用图形。
若案例中没有可用的惯用图形，可以利用原型所表现出的印象，利用其直观形象。（比如打印机就具有打印这一概念的印象）
在定稿前，必须检查是否产生冲突（比如要表现慢动作，蜗牛图像是一个好比喻，但如果使用在路标上就可能在文字和习俗方面产生冲突，产生“马路蜗牛”的歧义。）
设计象形符号能使得工具栏和其他功能图标在界面上产生差异性，在代表单个应用或网站上，其作用则更接近商标或吉祥物设计。
著名设计师
一位早期的专业图标设计师，苏珊·卡雷，为经典Mac OS设计了大量图标。
相关条目
图示
拟物化
外部链接
iOS人机交互界面指南 — 应用图标
MacOS人机交互界面指南 — 设计应用图标
微软设计语言 — 图标
UWP应用的微软图标指南
微软Windows Aero图标设计指南
微软Windows XP图标设计指南
安卓图标设计指南
电脑图示 |
归脾合剂的用法用量？注意：同种药品可由于不同的包装规格有不同的用法或用量。本文只供参考。如果不确定，请参看药品随带的说明书或向医生询问。口服，一次10～20ml，一日3次；用时摇匀。 |
鼻咽癌早期检查得出来吗？鼻咽癌是指发生于鼻咽腔顶部和侧壁的恶性肿瘤。是我国高发恶性肿瘤之一，发病率为耳鼻咽喉恶性肿瘤之首。常见临床症状为鼻塞、涕中带血、耳闷堵感、听力下降、复视及头痛等。鼻咽癌大多对放射治疗具有中度敏感性，放射治疗是鼻咽癌的首选治疗方法。但是对较高分化癌，病程较晚以及放疗后复发的病例，手术切除和化学药物治疗亦属于不可缺少的手段。鼻咽癌引起的原因有遗传因素、生活习惯、饮食习惯等，当发生鼻咽癌时，会出现头疼、鼻塞、鼻涕中伴有血丝等症状，有的时候人很容易以为是感冒或者是鼻炎，从而耽误了治疗，所以在发现有以上的症状时，要及时去医院进行检查。鼻咽癌是通过以下方法检测的：后鼻镜检查方便易行；纤维鼻咽镜检查有利于发现早期病变；EB病毒血清学检查作为鼻咽癌诊断的辅助指标。脱落细胞检查；活组织检查；颈淋巴结触诊及活检及影像学检查。可以做X线检查检查来诊断鼻咽癌，X线平片检查对鼻咽癌的分期、制定放射治疗计划等都有一定的帮助，而X线常用检查有鼻咽侧位片及颅底摄片检查。除此之外，还可以做B超检查看鼻腔部是否出现病变。如果怀疑自己得了鼻咽癌，可以去医院进行检查，现在有很多先进的仪器设备都可以检查出鼻咽癌，比如可以做间接鼻咽镜检查，这种方法很快速有效，另外也可以做纤维鼻咽镜检查，对于鼻咽部位可以进行检查。同时还可以做一些头颈部检查，可以对鼻腔、外耳道、眼眶等处进行检查，看鼻咽癌是否出现扩展，另外还可以做眼部和脑部的检查，看鼻咽癌局部扩展常引起脑神经损害，从而引起头面部各种神经障碍。 |
The LH Aviation LH-10 Ellipse is a two-seat light aircraft kitplane designed by LH Aviation of France and manufactured by Morocco . It is a low-wing single-engine pusher configuration with a tandem seating arrangement, and is constructed of composite materials. The plane is marketed in a surveillance configuration as the Grand Duc (Eurasian eagle-owl).
Design and development
The LH-10 Ellipse was conceived by Frenchman Sébastien Lefebvre, starting as an engineering grande école (university) project to conceive "a small plane with different design and performance than available for private pilots". This led to the founding of the company, LH Aviation, in May 2004.
As a surveillance plane, Sébastien Lefebvre conceives of the plane as an alternative to drone UAVs, the latter being costly to operate, especially near airports. The Ellipse aims to "deliver 80% of the range of drone missions for 20% of the cost". The potential of the plane for surveillance and military missions led the investment fund Magellan Industries to become a shareholder in LH Aviation. The Ellipse was thus further developed in collaboration with Thales as a modular platform for civilian and military missions with different equipment systems, including day and night vision, rocket launching, and on-board communication systems.
The LH-10 Ellipse is a low-wing, tandem two-seat light kit aircraft, powered by a 100 hp Rotax petrol engine in a pusher-propeller configuration. Its low weight and unusual configuration is designed to deliver a very high cruising speed with exceptional fuel economy. This high speed and a relatively high 50-knot stall speed will exclude it from the UK Microlight or United States LSA categories, so a full single-engine private pilot certificate will be the minimum certification requirement to fly it in these countries, which are not the immediate target of the manufacturer, anyway. At the 2008 Farnborough Airshow LH-Aviation said that for the future they would be looking into LSA/ELA compliant production, possibly for the United States.
The airframe is constructed of composite material based on ingredients produced by DSM. The production model is powered by a Rotax 912 four-cylinder reciprocating engine. (It has been tested using the 100 hp ULS variant, other options having been tested and discarded.) The undercarriage is a tricycle design, and will be available in fixed or electrically retractable front wheel configuration. The plane's design, with propeller in the tail and a short-nosed fuselage with a forward pilot seat in glider configuration, offers a field of view of 300 degrees.
The design follows the Bede BD-5 configuration, but is longer, more streamlined and of lighter composite material.
In February 2010, the aircraft began a series of tests required to achieve the French CNSK standard (an acronym for Certificat de Navigabilité Spécial Kit, the French kitplane certification). The company reported that "all construction documents have been validated in December 2009 by the French and English authorities."
Operational history
The Benin Armed Forces ordered two Grand Ducs to monitor their coastlines around the capital Porto-Novo. The Grand Duc is a so-called "aerial territory surveillance system" and differs from the original version only in its more extensive on-board instrumentation, including an autopilot, equipment for night flying, GPS, Iridium satellite communications, transponder, digital camera and a Geobox system for tracking the aircraft from the ground.
The first production Grand Duc appeared at the June 2011 Paris Air Show, painted in the colours of the Benin Air Force. The first unit was delivered to Benin in late 2012 and the second unit was scheduled to be delivered in September 2013. By 2018, no aircraft were operational.
At the 2013 Paris Air Show, the company announced that it had received an order for 10 planes from Dubai-based Jet Energy. The planes are to be used in monitoring pipelines, oil rigs, and in tracking the dhows that conduct contraband trade between Iran and the United Arab Emirates.
Specifications
See also
References
LH-10
Mid-engined aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 2007 |
请描述后牙反合的病因学研究？1.由于乳磨牙早失或滞留引起恒牙上后牙舌向错位或下后牙的颊向错位，可导致个别后牙反。2.一侧深龋，只能用另一侧咀嚼，日久可导致单侧多数后牙反。3.对一侧下颌的不正常压力，如长期地有一侧托腮的习惯，可使下颌逐渐偏向另一侧，也可引起另一侧多数后牙反。4.口呼吸患者两腮压力增大，上牙弓逐渐变窄，可引起双侧多数后牙反。5.腭裂患者，上牙颌弓宽度发育不足，常有双侧后牙反。 |
Helianthus × cinereus is a species of sunflower native to the United States, in Missouri, Kentucky, Indiana, and Ohio. H. cinereus was proposed as a new species by Torrey and Gray in 1842. It is a natural hybrid with similar features to artificial hybrids between Helianthus mollis and Helianthus occidentalis.
References
cinereus
Flora of the United States
Plants described in 1842
Hybrid plants |
右侧颞骨肿瘤有什么症状？颞骨属于颅骨中的脑颅骨，共两块，左右各一。位于头颅两侧，并延至颅底，参与构成颅底和颅腔的侧部，形状不规则。以外耳门为中心可分为颞鳞、鼓部和岩部3部分。岩部又可分为岩部、乳突部、茎突，故颞骨又可由鳞部、鼓部、岩部、乳突部、茎突5部分组成。那么，右侧颞骨肿瘤有什么症状呢？右侧颞骨肿瘤好发于20～30岁的青壮年，病程较长，男女无差异。多以无意发现的无痛性颅骨肿物或伴有轻微不适居多，主要症状为局部肿块、头痛、局部疼痛、头晕和眼球突出。右侧颞骨肿瘤板障型多膨胀性生长，边界不清，颅骨广泛隆起。内板型较大者可引起高颅压症状和局限性神经系统功能障碍。眶部骨瘤可有眼球突出、视力下降。右侧颞骨肿瘤多累及颅骨外板，可出现局部隆起的肿块、质硬、与头皮无粘连、表面光滑、边界较清、不活动、偶有压痛，局部头皮无红肿，多无不适感。右侧颞骨肿瘤临床症状明显、生长迅速怀疑恶性变、影响颅面部美容的骨瘤应手术切除，生长缓慢而无症状者可临床随诊观察。松质骨型骨瘤可适当扩大切除范围，采用骨瓣切除病变加一期颅骨成形术；累及外板而内板完整的小型致密型骨瘤可以骨凿或骨钻切除；以浸有10%甲醛溶液的脑棉涂抹瘤床，或以双极电凝烧灼瘤床有助于防止复发。综上所述就是对右侧颞骨肿瘤有什么症状的介绍。右侧颞骨肿瘤建议切除治疗，切除范围应包括外耳道皮肤及四周骨壁、鼓膜及锤骨。肿瘤范围广泛，侵及邻近组织并有颈部淋巴转移者，则需行改良颞骨切除术及颈部解剖术。必要时尚需切除腮腺及下颌关节，放疗对于外耳鳞癌效果较差，不宜单独采用，可与手术治疗结合使用。患者一旦发现情况要及时就医治疗。 |
Audouin's gull (Ichthyaetus audouinii) is a large gull restricted to the Mediterranean and the western coast of Saharan Africa and the Iberian Peninsula. The genus name is from Ancient Greek ikhthus, "fish", and aetos, "eagle", and
the specific audouinii and the English name are after the French naturalist Jean Victoire Audouin.
It breeds on small islands colonially or alone, laying 2–3 eggs on a ground nest. As is the case with many gulls, it has traditionally been placed in the genus Larus.
In the late 1960s, this was one of the world's rarest gulls, with a population of only 1,000 pairs. It has established new colonies, but remains rare with a population of about 10,000 pairs.
This species, unlike many large gulls, rarely scavenges, but is a specialist fish eater, and is therefore strictly coastal and pelagic. This bird will feed at night, often well out to sea, but also slowly patrols close into beaches, occasionally dangling its legs to increase drag.
The adult basically resembles a small European herring gull, the most noticeable differences being the short stubby red bill and "string of pearls" white wing primary tips, rather than the large "mirrors" of some other species. The legs are grey-green. It takes four years to reach adult plumage.
This species shows little tendency to wander from its breeding areas, but there were single records in the Netherlands and England in May 2003, and one spent from December 2016 to April 2017 in Trinidad.
Audouin's gull is one of the species to which the Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds (AEWA) applies.
Gallery
References
External links
Audouin's gull
Birds of Southern Europe
Birds of North Africa
Birds of West Africa
Audouin's gull
Taxobox binomials not recognized by IUCN
Taxa named by Charles Payraudeau |
甲状腺激素分泌过高是什么症状？甲状腺激素在平时对人体的作用是非常大的，不仅可以调节人体的新陈代谢，还可以调节人体的体温。在日常生活中，如果甲状腺分泌过多或者是过少，对人身体健康都是有害的，是需要积极去医院做相关的检查和治疗，如果甲状腺分泌过多是会导致人出现甲亢。甲状腺分泌过多症状有：1.高代谢症候群，甲状腺激素分泌增多后，促进三大营养物质(糖、蛋白质、脂肪)代谢，加速氧化，产热、散热均增加。因此患者怕热，手掌、颈部、腋下皮肤红润多汗。平时可有持续低热，一般不超过38℃，危象时可有高热。由于能量消耗较多，体重明显减轻，表现疲乏无力。2.甲状腺激素使病人易于激动、烦躁不安、紧张失眠、多言多动，有时思想不集中，可产生幻觉，甚至燥狂、抑郁等，可有手指细震颤(双手平举向前伸时有细震颤)、舌细震颤，患者腱反射活跃。3.由于代谢亢进及甲状腺素直接作用于心肌与周围血管系统，使心率加速，心律失常，心音亢进和杂音，脉压增大，重者心脏扩大，甚至衰竭。多数患者述心悸、胸闷、气促，稍一活动则更加剧。4.食欲明显亢进，但体重减轻，二者同时存在，是本病和糖尿病的特征之一，常有助于诊断。肠蠕动加速，消化吸收不良而使大便频繁或慢性腹泻，一般大便点糊状，含较多不消化食物。营养障碍与甲状腺素的直接作用，可使肝脏稍肿大，GPT增高，偶有黄疸。5.甲状腺素过多及负氮平衡可使肌肉软弱无力甚至萎缩，以肩胛和骨盆带近躯体群为主，称甲亢性肌病。还可引起骨质疏松与脱钙，表现为骨痛。内分泌系统两性均有生殖能力下降，男性性功能障碍，女性月经量少、闭经等;造血系统有周围血淋巴细胞和单核细胞增多，白细胞偏低，血小板寿命缩短。通过这篇文章可以对这个甲状腺激素过多症状进行及时的了解，对于现代人来说，及时的了解身体一些异常状况才对身体才是最重要的，因为这样有病才好及时知道，及时治疗。 |
A polar metal, metallic ferroelectric, or ferroelectric metal is a metal that contains an electric dipole moment. Its components have an ordered electric dipole. Such metals should be unexpected, because the charge should conduct by way of the free electrons in the metal and neutralize the polarized charge. However they do exist. Probably the first report of a polar metal was in single crystals of the cuprate superconductors YBa2Cu3O7−δ,. A polarization was observed along one (001) axis by pyroelectric effect measurements, and the sign of the polarization was shown to be reversible, while its magnitude could be increased by poling with an electric field. The polarization was found to disappear in the superconducting state. The lattice distortions responsible were considered to be a result of oxygen ion displacements induced by doped charges that break inversion symmetry. The effect was utilized for fabrication of pyroelectric detectors for space applications, having the advantage of large pyroelectric coefficient and low intrinsic resistance.
Another substance family that can produce a polar metal is the nickelate perovskites. One example interpreted to show polar metallic behavior is lanthanum nickelate, LaNiO3. A thin film of LaNiO3 grown on the (111) crystal face of lanthanum aluminate, (LaAlO3) was interpreted to be both conductor and a polar material at room temperature. The resistivity of this system, however, shows an upturn with decreasing temperature, hence does not strictly adhere to the definition of a metal. Also, when grown 3 or 4 unit cells thick (1-2 nm) on the (100) crystal face of LaAlO3, the LaNiO3 can be a polar insulator or polar metal depending on the atomic termination of the surface. Lithium osmate, LiOsO3 also undergoes a ferrorelectric transition when it is cooled below 140K. The point group changes from Rc to R3c losing its centrosymmetry. At room temperature and below, lithium osmate is an electric conductor, in single crystal, polycrystalline or powder forms, and the ferroelectric form only appears below 140K. Above 140K the material behaves like a normal metal. Artificial two-dimensional polar metal by charge transfer to a ferroelectric insulator has been realized in LaAlO3/Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3/SrTiO3 complex oxide heterostructures.
Native metallicity and ferroelectricity has been observed at room temperature in bulk single-crystalline tungsten ditelluride (WTe2); a transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC). It has bistable and electrically switchable spontaneous polarization states indicating ferroelectricity. Coexistence of metallic behavior and switchable electric polarization in WTe2, which is a layered material, has been observed in the low-thickness limit of two- and three-layers. Calculations suggest this originates from vertical charge transfer between the layers, which is switched by interlayer sliding. In April 2022 another polar metal at room temperature was reported which was also magnetic, skyrmions and the Rashba–Edelstein effect were observed.
P. W. Anderson and E. I. Blount predicted that a ferroelectric metal could exist in 1965. They were inspired to make this prediction based on superconducting transitions, and the ferroelectric transition in barium titanate. The prediction was that atoms do not move far and only a slight crystal non-symmetrical deformation occurs, say from cubic to tetragonal. This transition they called martensitic. They suggested looking at sodium tungsten bronze and InTl alloy. They realised that the free electrons in the metal would neutralise the effect of the polarization at a global level, but that the conduction electrons do not strongly affect transverse optical phonons, or the local electric field inherent in ferroelectricity.
References
Metals
Ferroelectric materials |
圣马尔（，）是法国滨海夏朗德省的一个市镇，位于该省北部，属于罗什福尔区。
地理
（）面积，位于法国新阿基坦大区滨海夏朗德省，该省份为法国西部滨海省份，北起旺代省，西临大西洋，南至吉倫特省，东南接多爾多涅省，东北接德塞夫勒省接壤，东临夏朗德省。
与接壤的市镇（或旧市镇、城区）包括：。
的时区为UTC+01:00、UTC+02:00（夏令时）。
行政
的邮政编码为，INSEE市镇编码为。
政治
所属的省级选区为。
人口
于时的人口数量为人。
参见
滨海夏朗德省市镇列表
参考文献
S |
Michele Camporese (; born 19 May 1992) is an Italian footballer who plays as a defender for club Feralpisalò.
Club career
Born in Pisa, Tuscany, Camporese is a product of Fiorentina's youth system. He made his debut for the Viola in the Coppa Italia tie against Empoli on 26 October 2010, replacing Alessandro Gamberini in the 66th minute and played the whole extra time. Fiorentina won the match 1–0 assuring qualification to the successive round; Camporese was cautioned in the added time of second half. On 20 November 2010, he made his Serie A debut, replacing the injured Cesare Natali at half time in the match against Milan in San Siro. In the next match he replaced suspended Per Krøldrup as starting centre back, partnered with Alessandro Gamberini against Juventus. On 13 February 2011 he scored his first goal in Serie A in a match won 4–2 against Palermo.
In November 2011 he signed a new 5-year contract with La Viola.
On 13 July 2013, Fiorentina confirmed on their website that Michele Camporese had joined Cesena on a season-long loan.
On 25 July 2015, Camporese departed Fiorentina for Empoli after spending five seasons in Florence. It was confirmed by Empoli that he had agreed a contract until 30 June 2018.
On 18 July 2019, he signed a 2-year contract with Pordenone.
On 31 January 2022, Camporese moved on loan to Cosenza.
On 20 July 2022, he signed a three-year contract with Reggina.
On 4 September 2023, Camporese joined Feralpisalò on a contract until June 2025.
International career
Camporese has played for every Italy's youth team level, except for the U-20. With the Italy U-17 team he capped twice at the 2009 UEFA European Under-17 Football Championship qualifying round and another two times in the elite round. In the final tournament, his only appearance arrived as a second half cameo in the semi-final defeat against Germany U-17. He then started all four matches in 2009 FIFA U-17 World Cup, in which the Azzurrini bowed out from the competition after defeat against Switzerland in the quarter finals. With Italy U-19 he played all three matches of the 2011 UEFA U-19 Championship qualifiers.
Under the new regime of Ciro Ferrara, he received his first call-up for Italy U-21 in November 2010. He made his debut on 17 November 2010, replacing Riccardo Brosco in the first half of the friendly match, winning Turkey 2–1.
References
External links
FIGC National Teams Archive
1992 births
Living people
Footballers from Pisa
Men's association football central defenders
Italian men's footballers
Serie A players
Serie B players
ACF Fiorentina players
AC Cesena players
SSC Bari players
Empoli FC players
Benevento Calcio players
Calcio Foggia 1920 players
Pordenone Calcio players
Cosenza Calcio players
LFA Reggio Calabria players
Feralpisalò players
Italy men's youth international footballers
Italy men's under-21 international footballers |
其他弧菌感染的症状是什么？潜伏期多为数小时到3天。弧菌感染的临床表现不一，主要有两个方面：一是腹泻及其他胃肠炎表现;另一是肠道外感染，常见有口、耳和伤口感染以及败血症。这些肠道外感染可见于拟态弧菌和创伤弧菌等感染。1.创伤弧菌感染 可引起伤口感染及败血症。2.河弧菌感染 表现为急性胃肠炎，有腹痛、呕吐、腹泻、水样便，量多，常伴有中至重度脱水，部分患者有发热。少数病人有血便、黏液血便及外周血白细胞增多。2/3病例粪便中有白细胞及红细胞。病程16～18h。3.弗利斯弧菌感染 潜伏期5～20h，主要表现为急性胃肠炎，有腹痛、腹泻、恶心和呕吐等。4.拟态弧菌感染 有两种临床类型。一为胃肠炎型，患者多数腹泻，水样便或血性黏液便，部分为血便。多数伴有恶心、呕吐和腹痛。部分病人有发热、头痛。病程平均6天。另为局灶感染型，表现为中耳炎，外伤性局灶感染等，病人均有明显的海水接触史。5.霍利斯弧菌感染 病人均有腹泻，部分有呕吐及发热，外周血白细胞增多。均有进食牡蛎等海产品史。6.梅契尼柯夫弧菌感染 可引起腹泻、腹膜炎和败血症等。7.海鱼弧菌感染 一般病情较轻，表现有腹泻、黄色水样便，量较多，少数有黏液或黏液脓血便。部分病例有阵发性脐周痛、呕吐等。少数有里急后重。部分病人大便镜检可见少许红细胞及白细胞。8.溶藻弧菌感染 腹泻为主要表现，症状较轻，脱水者不多见。急性胃肠炎者有进食海产品史，接触海水后发生皮肤创伤感染及败血症等应疑及本类疾病，确诊需依靠细菌分离培养与生化及血清学鉴定。 |
剪切帶（shear band）是材料中一個狹窄的強剪切應變區，通常在延性材料嚴重變形時出現，具有可塑性。剪切帶會比材料的其他部位先失去韌性，剪切帶中發生的極端變形可能導致材料嚴重的損壞和斷裂，因此研究剪切帶如何形成是一個對材料應用非常重要的課題，20世紀中葉以來變形局部化（localization of deformation）一直被密集研究。
有剪切带的材料
剪切带或更普遍的“局部变形”通常会在廣義的延展性材料（合金、金属、颗粒材料、塑料、聚合物和土壤）甚至在准脆性材料（混凝土、冰、岩石和一些陶瓷）中发生，脆性材料（例如室温下的玻璃）中則无法观察到剪切帶。
数学建模
剪切帶是影響材料不穩定性的因素，使固體樣品突然喪失變形均勻性（homogeneity of deformation），即使其受力的傳力路径（loading path）與持續均勻變形兼容。从这个意义上说，它可以被解释为一种“替代”微不足道的變形机制，因此是分叉或失去“完美”均衡路徑的唯一性。这种分叉的显着特征是它甚至可能发生在无限体中（或在与刚性约束平滑接触的极端约束下）。
考虑一个由非线性材料组成的无限体，它以一种应力和应变可能保持均匀的方式准静态变形。为简单起见，假设这种非线性材料的增量反应为线性，因此它可以表示为应力增量之间的关系和应变增量 ，通过一个四阶本构张量表示為
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其中四阶本构张量取决于当前状态，即当前应力、当前应变以及可能的其他本构（該物質特性）参数（例如金属的硬化变量或颗粒材料的密度）。
Pages that use a deprecated format of the math tags
寻找出现不连续面的条件（单位法向量 ) 的增量应力和应变。这些条件与发生变形局部化的条件相同。特别是，增量平衡要求增量牵引力（不是应力！）保持连续
（其中 + 和 - 表示表面的两侧）和几何兼容性对增量应变的形式施加了应变兼容性限制：
符号表示张量积和是定义变形不连续模式的向量（正交于对于不可压缩材料）。将增量本构定律(1)和应变相容性(3)代入增量牵引(2)的连续性，得出应变定位的必要条件：
由于二阶张量定義每个向量为
這是所谓的“声学张量”（acoustic tensor），定义了加速度波的传播条件，我们可以得出结论，应变局域化条件与加速度波的奇异性（零速传播）条件一致。该条件代表了控制速率平衡的微分方程的所谓“椭圆度（扁率）损失”。
剪切带和晶体结构
大多數多晶體金屬或合金會因為差排、孪晶或剪切帶引起剪切變形，導致它們的塑性在晶粒尺度上各方向不同，因此造成多數晶粒具有類似的結晶方位，此現象被稱為結晶織構，大部分面心立方金屬和合金的冷軋織構介於黄铜型织构和铜型织构兩種類型之間。堆垛層錯（Stacking-fault energy，原子堆疊次序發生差錯）是此機制的影響因素之一，高堆垛層錯的面心立方金屬中，主要是差排的滑移促使織構形成；低堆垛層錯、有機械孿晶（晶格受力滑移導致的雙晶）和剪切帶的金屬與合金中，織構則與做為主要載體的差排滑移一起產/發生。
在任何一种情况下，非晶体剪切带（non-crystallographic shear banding）对于演化出的特定类型的变形纹理都起着至关重要的作用。
微擾方法與檢測
可以通过微扰方法研究剪切带的形成（包括在樣本處於變形狀態且未受干擾的情況下叠加扰动场的情況），可以通过疊加集中力、製造裂纹或藉由刚性线夹杂物（Rigid line inclusion）來扰动檢測樣本。本方法適合應用於无限、不可压缩、非线性弹性、在平面应变条件下均匀变形的材料。
已经發現，当樣本的未扰动状态接近定域条件(4)时，扰动场會以定域场的形式自排列，在引入的扰动附近呈現极值并沿着剪切带聚焦方向。在裂纹或刚性线状夹杂物的情況下，這種剪切带會从线状夹杂物的尖端顯現。
在微扰方法中，引入了有限长度剪切带的增量模型以规定沿其表面的以下条件：
零增量标称剪切牵引力；
增量标称法向牵引力的连续性；
法向增量位移的连续性。
使用该模型，剪切带的以下主要特征已得到证明：
类似于断裂力学，应力/变形场中的平方根奇点在剪切带尖端发展；
在剪切带存在的情况下，应变场是局部的并且强烈地集中在平行于剪切带的方向上；
由于与剪切带增长相关的能量释放率在局部条件(4)附近爆炸到无穷大，因此剪切带代表优先失效模式。
最新研究
根據相關實驗、理論，以及材料的力學數學模型（即本构模型 constitutive models），目前已經可以對剪切帶進行很好的定性預測，然而定量預測的技術通常很差。
數據模擬大有進步，使剪切帶的形成和傳播的數據在相對複雜的情況下還是可以用有限元模型（finite element models）追蹤，儘管需要巨大的計算工作。
更令人感興趣的是剪切帶的模擬，從中可以研究剪切帶在单晶或多晶材料中的晶體取向依賴性（crystallographic orientation dependence）情況如何。目前的研究結果表明，某些方向比其他方向更容易发生剪切定位。
參見
非晶金属
形變
三轴剪切试验
绝热剪切带
参考資料
高分子化合物
材料科學 |
良性肿瘤不手术可以吗？现如今肿瘤这种疾病的发病率变得越来越高。一般情况下，我们可以根据肿瘤的类型将其分为良性肿瘤和恶性肿瘤两种。一般来说，得了恶性肿瘤都是需要通过手术的方法来进行治疗的，但是也有的人得的是良性肿瘤，那么良性肿瘤不手术可以吗？下面带大家了解一下。很多人的良性肿瘤都可以通过理疗或者是药物的方式来治疗，所以是不需要使用手术的。因为手术它是有风险的，而且手术会给患者带来创伤。毕竟手术要将患者的肌肉切开，有可能会流血或者是感染。一般而言，良性肿瘤通过药物治疗这种保守治疗的方式，就能让患者恢复健康。如果患上的是良性的肿瘤，而且肿瘤本身比较小的话，那一般是不建议去做手术的。毕竟做手术是会对身体造成一定的创伤的，而较小的肿瘤并不会说对身体的健康造成什么影响。如果想要治疗的话，可以采取药物治疗或者是物理疗法即可，并不建议通过手术的方法进行治疗，以免给身体带来创伤。如果出现的是良性的肿瘤，肿瘤比较大，需要通过手术来治疗，但是患者本身的身体素质的不太好，做手术不耐受，那就不建议做的。比如说良性肿瘤患者本身的心肺功能特别的差，根本无法做麻醉，也无法耐受手术的话，那是不能够通过做手术来治疗疾病的。因为对于这一类的人而言，就算是做手术能够将肿瘤给切除，但是手术也是会给身体带来巨大的伤害，而且需要很长一段时间才能恢复，如果贸然手术，只会得不偿失。从上面我们知道了良性肿瘤小不手术是可以的，所以患者是否需要手术治疗，是医生根据患者的病情和良性肿瘤的种类来判断的。有的良性肿瘤，只是会让患者的肌肉出现凸起，并不会对患者的身体造成任何影响，所以说是不需要手术切除的。 |
Wisk'achani (Aymara wisk'acha a rodent,-ni a suffix, "the one with the viscacha", also spelled Viscachani) is a mountain in the Bolivian Andes. It is located in the Cochabamba Department, Ayopaya Province, Morochata Municipality. Wisk'achani lies north of the village of Chawpi Suyu (Chaupisuyo).
References
Mountains of Cochabamba Department |
丹地中央清真寺（），，又稱賈米亞清真寺（），是位於蘇格蘭鄧迪的一所清真寺。清真寺原來建於1969年，位於南厄斯金街（South Erskine Street），翌年搬到希尔敦（Hilltown）。後來由於市內穆斯林人口不斷增加，需要一所更大的清真寺，因此動工興建了新的清真寺，並於2000年啟用。
英國穆斯林組織「Muslims in Britain」把丹地中央清真寺歸為迪奧班迪派清真寺。
參考資料
2000年蘇格蘭建立
2000年完工的清真寺
丹地宗教場所
蘇格蘭清真寺
迪奧班迪清真寺 |
过敏源检测大概多少钱呢？在临床上很多皮肤病的发生与发展都与接触了过敏原有关。而临床上多数过敏性疾病的患者通常只是做缓解症状的治疗，而没有找到引发过敏的真正原因，因而也就做不到针对性的预防和治疗，导致病情反复加重、迁延不愈。因而建议经常过敏的患者，一定要做一下过敏原筛查检测，查清楚到底是接触性的、食入性的还是吸入性的过敏原引起的过敏反应，以便从根本上解决问题。千万不要把过敏当成小毛病而忽略了检查和治疗，最终导致严重的后果。采用酶免疫法快速、准确、无痛检测过敏原。该方法可对患者血清或血浆中的过敏源（总IgE、总IgG、特异性IgE等）进行定性和定量检测。IVT用于检测IgE介导的速发型过敏反应，速发型的过敏反应有明显的季节性，发病时间短、发病率高。该试验解决了常规皮肤试验在I型变态反应病人发作期不宜检测过敏原的难点。FIgG用于检测迟发型的过敏反应。该反应主要与食物有关，即食物不耐受。表现为接触过敏原几天或一周后才出现相关症状。这些过敏反应常因症状滞后而被误诊，临床表现为各系统的慢性症状。如长期病因不明，反复发作，久治不愈。当有某种变应原进入皮肤时，对某些物质有速发型过敏反应的患者，立即特异性地引起皮肤内的肥大细胞脱颗粒，释放组胺等活性物质，导致局部毛细血管扩张(红斑)，毛细血管通透性增强(水肿、风团)，阳性者表示对该抗原过敏。操作方法：先将点刺皮试液滴在皮肤上，然后用点刺针穿过液滴，轻轻刺入皮内。斑贴试验斑贴试验的应用已有百年历史，对接触性皮炎及某些过敏性皮肤病诊断的可靠性得到了充分证明，促进了接触性皮炎与皮肤变态反应检测的发展。我院采用欧洲标准化检测试剂，检测精准。 |
Elections to Mid and East Antrim District Council, part of the Northern Ireland local elections on 2 May 2019, returned 40 members to the council using Single Transferable Vote. The Democratic Unionist Party were the largest party in both first-preference votes and seats.
Election results
Note: "Votes" are the first preference votes.
The overall turnout was 47.58% with a total of 46,827 valid votes cast. A total of 556 ballots were rejected.
Districts summary
|- class="unsortable" align="centre"
!rowspan=2 align="left"|Ward
! %
!Cllrs
! %
!Cllrs
! %
!Cllrs
! %
!Cllrs
! %
!Cllrs
! %
!Cllrs
! %
!Cllrs
!rowspan=2|TotalCllrs
|- class="unsortable" align="center"
!colspan=2 bgcolor="" | DUP
!colspan=2 bgcolor="" | UUP
!colspan=2 bgcolor="" | Alliance
!colspan=2 bgcolor="" | TUV
!colspan=2 bgcolor="" | Sinn Féin
!colspan=2 bgcolor=""| SDLP
!colspan=2 bgcolor="white"| Others
|-
|align="left"|Ballymena
|bgcolor="#D46A4C"|27.6
|bgcolor="#D46A4C"|2
|7.0
|0
|8.3
|1
|15.1
|1
|7.5
|0
|12.2
|1
|22.4
|2
|7
|-
|align="left"|Bannside
|27.0
|2
|15.3
|1
|9.3
|0
|bgcolor="#D1E5FA"|36.4
|bgcolor="#D1E5FA"|2
|12.0
|1
|0.0
|0
|0.0
|0
|6
|-
|align="left"|Braid
|bgcolor="#D46A4C"|37.7
|bgcolor="#D46A4C"|3
|21.3
|1
|8.0
|1
|20.1
|2
|7.1
|0
|0.0
|0
|5.8
|0
|7
|-
|align="left"|Carrick Castle
|bgcolor="#D46A4C"|35.8
|bgcolor="#D46A4C"|2
|22.3
|2
|21.4
|1
|0.0
|0
|0.0
|0
|0.0
|0
|20.5
|0
|5
|-
|align="left"|Coast Road
|bgcolor="#D46A4C"|30.9
|bgcolor="#D46A4C"|2
|13.0
|1
|21.7
|1
|10.7
|0
|15.5
|1
|0.0
|0
|8.2
|0
|5
|-
|align="left"|Knockagh
|bgcolor="#D46A4C"|31.8
|bgcolor="#D46A4C"|2
|24.7
|1
|20.6
|1
|5.8
|0
|0.0
|0
|0.0
|0
|17.2
|1
|5
|-
|align="left"|Larne Lough
|bgcolor="#D46A4C"|32.9
|bgcolor="#D46A4C"|2
|25.8
|1
|29.7
|2
|7.3
|0
|0.0
|0
|0.0
|0
|4.3
|0
|5
|-
|- class="unsortable" class="sortbottom" style="background:#C9C9C9"
|align="left"| Total
|32.0
|15
|18.2
|7
|15.8
|7
|15.2
|5
|6.4
|2
|1.8
|1
|10.4
|3
|40
|-
|}
District results
Ballymena
2014: 3 x DUP, 1 x Independent, 1 x SDLP, 1 x TUV, 1 x UUP
2019: 2 x DUP, 2 x Independent, 1 x SDLP, 1 x TUV, 1 x Alliance
2014-2019 Change: Alliance and Independent gain from DUP and UUP
Bannside
2014: 2 x TUV, 2 x DUP, 1 x UUP, 1 x Sinn Féin
2019: 2 x TUV, 2 x DUP, 1 x UUP, 1 x Sinn Féin
2014-2019 Change: No change
Braid
2014: 4 x DUP, 1 x TUV, 1 x UUP, 1 x Sinn Féin
2019: 3 x DUP, 2 x TUV, 1 x UUP, 1 x Alliance
2014-2019 Change: TUV and Alliance gain from DUP and Sinn Féin
Carrick Castle
2014: 2 x DUP, 1 x UUP, 1 x UKIP, 1 x Independent
2019: 2 x DUP, 2 x UUP, 1 x Alliance
2014-2019 Change: UUP and Alliance gain from Independent and UKIP
Coast Road
2014: 1 x UUP, 1 x Sinn Féin, 1 x Alliance, 1 x DUP, 1 x TUV
2019: 2 x DUP, 1 x Alliance, 1 x Sinn Féin, 1 x UUP
2014-2019 Change: DUP gain from TUV
Knockagh
2014: 2 x DUP, 2 x UUP, 1 x Alliance
2019: 2 x DUP, 1 x UUP, 1 x Alliance, 1 x Independent
2014-2019 Change: Independent gain from UUP
Larne Lough
2014: 2 x DUP, 2 x UUP, 1 x Alliance
2019: 2 x DUP, 2 x Alliance, 1 x UUP
2014-2019 Change: Alliance gain from UUP
Changes during the term
† Co-options
‡ Changes in affiliation
– Suspensions
Marc Collins (DUP) was suspended from the council for eight months from Friday 24 June 2022.
John Carson (DUP) was suspended from the council for three months from Monday 10 October 2022.
Last updated 12 October 2022.
Current composition: see Mid and East Antrim District Council
References
2019 Northern Ireland local elections
21st century in County Antrim
Elections in County Antrim |
引产后会影响生育吗？对于一些意外怀孕的女性，如没及时采取有效的措施终止妊娠，到一定月份时，是需要进行引产的，而引产相对对女性的身心健康危害都比较大，其中有的引产后还会影响以后的生育，因此建议引产的女性术后要注意做好相关的保养工作，以减少影响。因种种原因，导致有的女性怀孕后不得不选择引产来终止妊娠，而我们知道引产对于女性的身心及子宫危害都是很大的，因此女性引产后一定要注意做好保养工作，以减少其对身体的损伤，那么引产会影响以后生育吗?引产后如何来保养好呢?引产会不会影响到以后的生育?从引产的一些危害我们可以得到答案，引产的危害如下：一、引产可损伤子宫内膜基底层，从而导致子宫内膜再生困难，这样就会影响到以后的妊娠，发生受孕难的现象，再次手术时需要二次刮宫才能刮干净。二、月经改变，引产对子宫损伤是很大的，尤其是对于子宫内膜的损伤，是会直接影响到以后的生育能力的。三、并发妇科炎症，女性引产后会导致身体抵抗力弱，造成出血损伤、宫颈粘连、宫颈炎等妇科炎症，从而易导致宫外孕或者不孕症的发生。那么引产后如何保养?一、引产后要住院观察，看子宫收缩情况，以防大出血发生，同时术后注意休息，至少要休息两周，不宜久坐、久站或是做高强度的工作，注意多卧床休息。二、注意饮食调理，要增加营养，因引产出血较多，所以要注意多吃一些补气血清淤的食物，如可选择红枣、莲藕、蛋奶，鱼肉类食物，还有大豆制品小米粥、红糖水等，主要就是要选择一些富含蛋白质和维生素营养好消化的食物。注意忌生冷刺激之物。三、其它保养：引产后要注意做好个人卫生工作，术后短时间不可坐浴，可用热水淋浴，一个月内不要同房，做好避免工作，引产后要至少要避孕半年以上，同时注意做好保暖工作，术后及时复查，并注意生活饮食的调理，以帮助身体更快的恢复，避免术后并发症的发生。 |
急性肝炎传染家人吗？多种致病因素侵害肝脏，使肝细胞受到破坏，肝脏的功能受损，继而引起人体出现一系列不适的症状，这就急性肝炎，这些损害病程不超过半年。这些常见的致病因素有病毒、细菌、寄生虫、化学毒物、药物和毒物、酒精等。在我国，最常见的急性肝炎是急性病毒性肝炎，尤其是急性乙型肝炎。国外，以酒精性肝炎居多。需要注意的是，通常我们生活中所说的急性肝炎，多数指的是急性病毒性肝炎，这只是“急性肝炎”中一个分支，而上文中所说的急性肝炎则是指广义上的概念，并不仅仅局限于病毒性肝炎。急性肝炎感染后早期症状：患者近期出现低热、全身疲乏无力、食欲减退，伴有恶心、呕吐、厌油腻、肝区不适及尿黄等症状，休息后不见好转。急性肝炎包括很多种，若为病毒性肝炎，则具有传染性。病毒性肝炎，比如甲乙丙丁戊型肝炎都可能出现急性感染，其中甲肝和戊肝是急性肝炎；乙肝和丙肝是慢性肝炎，也存在急性期。甲肝和戊肝主要通过消化道传播，乙肝和丙肝主要通过血液、体液等传播。对于肝炎患者，有句俗话“三分治七分养”，重点在于如何调养。饮食疗法也是促进急性肝炎恢复的重要手段。患病期间应注意休息，调节饮食结构，药食结合，促进食欲，与每个病人的具体情况结合起来，因人、因地、因时制订出切实可行的饮食方案，一般肝炎病人的饮食要新鲜，易消化，并含有数量的蛋白质、碳水化合物和维生素。对急性肝炎病人的营养治疗应强调高蛋白、高碳水化合物、高维生素、低脂肪食品，即""三高一低""。 |
Bang Krang (, ) is one of the ten subdistricts (tambon) of Mueang Nonthaburi District, in Nonthaburi Province, Thailand. Neighbouring subdistricts are (from north clockwise) Bang Rak Noi, Sai Ma, Bang Si Mueang, Bang Si Thong, Bang Khanun, Bang Khun Kong, Bang Khu Wiang and Bang Len. In 2020, it had a total population of 31,954 people.
Administration
Central administration
The subdistrict is subdivided into 10 administrative villages (muban).
Local administration
The area of the subdistrict is shared by two local administrative organizations.
Bang Krang Town Municipality ()
Bang Si Mueang Town Municipality ()
References
External links
Website of Bang Krang Town Municipality
Website of Bang Si Mueang Town Municipality
Tambon of Nonthaburi province
Populated places in Nonthaburi province |
Pterostylis foliata, commonly known as the slender greenhood, is a species of orchid widespread in south-eastern Australia and New Zealand. Flowering plants have a rosette of three to six, dark green, crinkled leaves crowded around the flowering stem and a single dark green and brown flower with a deep V-shaped sinus between the lateral sepals.
Description
Pterostylis foliata is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber. Flowering plants have a rosette of between three and six dark green, crinkled leaves crowded around the base of the flowering stem, each leaf 30–80 mm long and 10–16 mm wide. A single flower 17–20 mm long and 7–9 mm wide is borne on a spike 120–300 mm high. The flowers are dark green and brown. The dorsal sepal and petals are fused, forming a hood or "galea" over the column but the dorsal sepal is longer than the petals and has a sharp point on its end. The lateral sepals are erect and in contact with the galea, and there is a deep, V-shaped sinus between the lateral sepals. The labellum is 12–15 mm long, 2–3 mm wide, brown and blunt and protrudes above the sinus. Flowering occurs from August to January.
Taxonomy and naming
Pterostylis foliata was first formally described in 1853 by Joseph Dalton Hooker from a specimen collected in the Ruahine Mountains on the North Island of New Zealand. The description was published in Flora Novae-Zelandiae. The specific epithet (foliata) is a Latin word meaning "leafy".
Distribution and habitat
The slender greenhood usually grows in moist, grassy forest in shady places. It is widespread but uncommon in New South Wales south from near Batlow, in Victoria, south-eastern South Australia, Tasmania and both islands of New Zealand.
References
foliata
Endemic orchids of Australia
Orchids of New South Wales
Orchids of New Zealand
Orchids of South Australia
Orchids of Tasmania
Orchids of Victoria (state)
Plants described in 1853 |
嵬名济（），又作昴星嵬名济廼，西夏将领，党项族嵬名氏。
夏惠宗大安八年（1082年）十一月，向北宋泾原经略司刘昌祚致书请和。大安十一年（1085年）九月，他和张聿正出使宋朝，进献一百匹山陵马，宋哲宗赐给西夏奉天新历。夏崇宗即位後，他担任监军。天祐民安八年（1097年），宋朝保安军李临沂率军围攻洪州，他率军援救，兵败，洪州失守。永安元年（1098年）四月，他率军攻打鄜延，围攻顺宁砦，宋朝守将张守德将他击退。八月，率兵守卫青岭，宋朝鄜延路属下将领苗履将他击败，五百余人阵亡，牛羊损失万计。十一月，跟随梁太后攻打平夏城，驻守白池，防御秦凤、鄜延，又被宋兵击败。永安二年（1099年），辽朝派人毒杀梁太后，夏崇宗派他向宋朝请和，宋朝不接纳。他向崇宗建议，让辽朝斡旋，和宋朝通好。三月，西夏派人向辽朝示好。十一月，他再次出使宋朝献马上表。
参考文献
西夏军事人物
西夏官员
J |
大果绵果芹（学名：）为伞形科绵果芹属下的一个种。
参考文献
D |
達尼丁山脈（）是南極洲的山脈，位於維多利亞地，屬於阿德默勒爾蒂山脈的一部分，處於利特爾頓山脈以東8公里，長37公里、寬3至6公里。
南極洲山脈 |
Shasta may refer to one of seven peaks in the United States:
See also
Mount Shasta, California, a town in California at
Mount Shasta Wilderness, also in California at
Shasta |
八角莲的植物形态是什么?？多年生草本，茎直立，高20-30cm。不分枝，无毛，淡绿色。根茎粗壮，横生，具明显的碗状节。茎生叶1片，有时2片，盾状着生；叶柄长10-15cm；叶片圆形，直径约30cm，常状深裂几达叶中部，边缘4-9浅裂或深裂，裂片楔状长圆形或卵状椭圆形，长2.5-9cm，宽5-7cm，先端锐尖，边缘具针刺状锯齿，上面无毛，下面密被或疏生柔毛。花5-8朵排成伞形花序，着生于近叶柄基处的上方近叶片处；花梗细，长约5cm，花下垂，花冠深结色；萼片6，外面被疏毛；花瓣6，勺状倒卵形，长约2.5cm；雄蕊6，蕴含隔突出；子房上位，1室，柱头大，盾状。浆果椭圆形或卵形。种子多数。花期4-6月，果期8-10月。2.六角莲，多年生草本，茎直立，无毛，高10-20cm。根茎粗壮，节明显。茎生叶通常2，对生，盾状着生；叶柄长10-15cm，无毛；叶片长圆形或近圆形，长16-22cm，宽9-18cm，无毛6-9浅裂，裂片宽三角状卵形，边缘有针状细齿。花5-10朵排成伞形花序，生于两茎叶柄的交叉处，花梗长2-3(-6)cm，花下垂；萼片6，卵状或椭圆状长圆形，花瓣6，紫红色，长圆形，长2.5-3.5cm，宽1-1.5cm；雄蕊6，长1.2-2.3cm，花药长圆形，先端钝；子房上位，1室，花柱短，柱头盾状。浆果近球形。花期5-6月，果期8-9月。3.川八角莲，多年生草本，茎多汁，高10-20cm。基部密被棕色大鳞片。叶互生，纸质，2片，盾状着生；叶片圆形，直径约20cm，通常6-8掌状深裂几达中部，裂片楔状矩圆形，先端常3裂，小裂片三角形，上面无毛，叶中部红棕色，下面叶脉有疏柔毛，后变无毛。伞形花序有2-6朵花，丛生于茎顶叶柄分叉处的腋间(稀有腋外生)，花梗长1.5-2cm，有柔毛；萼片6，膜质，长圆状披针形，长4-5cm，有时可达6cm；雄蕊6，花药先端具细尖；子房1室，胚珠多数，花柱短粗，柱头大而呈流苏状。浆果卵形，红色，长约3cm。花期4-6月，果期8-10月。 |
Gabriele Preuß (born 27 September 1954) is a German politician who served as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from 2014 until 2019. She is a member of the Social Democratic Party, part of the Party of European Socialists.
Prior to entering European politics Preuß undertook training at the Westphalia Chamber of Trades and the Northern Westphalia Chamber of Industry and Trade. She became a master craftsman and also later worked in administration. She was also involved in local politics, serving as a Member of Gelsenkirchen Municipal Council from 1999 until 2014. This included serving as Mayor from 2004 until 2014.
Parliamentary service
Member, Committee on Petitions (2014-2019)
Member, Committee on Transport and Tourism (2014-2019)
Member, Delegation to the EU-Turkey Joint Parliamentary Committee (2014-2019)
Member, Delegation to the ACP–EU Joint Parliamentary Assembly (2016-2019)
In addition to her committee assignments, Preuß served as a member of the European Parliament Intergroup on Western Sahara.
Other activities
German United Services Trade Union (ver.di), Member
Socialist Youth of Germany – Falcons, Member
References
1954 births
Living people
Social Democratic Party of Germany MEPs
MEPs for Germany 2014–2019
21st-century women MEPs for Germany
Mayors of places in North Rhine-Westphalia
Politicians from Dortmund
Women mayors of places in Germany |
Girardville is a municipality in the Canadian province of Quebec, located within the regional county municipality of Maria-Chapdelaine. The municipality had a population of 1,018 in the Canada 2021 Census. The municipality is named in honour of Joseph Girard, former federal deputy for Lac-St-Jean County.
Demographics
Population trend:
Population in 2021: 1018 (2016 to 2021 population change: 3%)
Population in 2016: 988
Population in 2011: 1100
Population in 2006: 1186
Population in 2001: 1285
Population in 1996: 1350
Population in 1991: 1391
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents: 470 (total dwellings: 511)
Mother tongue:
English as first language: 0.5%
French as first language: 99%
English and French as first language: 0%
Other as first language: 0.5%
References
External links
Municipalities in Quebec
Incorporated places in Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean
Maria-Chapdelaine Regional County Municipality |
卢翰可以指：
卢翰 (唐朝)，唐朝宰相。
卢翰 (明朝)，明朝进士。 |
染色体异常可以要孩子吗？要做什么？正常情况下，染色体异常，必须做遗传学诊断后才能要孩子。染色体异常多数是属于遗传性的疾病，要看是常染色体异常还是性染色体异常，并且也要做男性的染色体检查，从而尽量的筛查处受精卵发育后染色体有无异常的变化，所以也不能单纯靠女方染色体异常来做决定。一般在早孕期，染色体异常可能会出现自然流产、胚胎停育及胎儿发育异常的情况。染色体异常不能治疗，只能阻断它的遗传。生育时通过胚胎植入前遗传学诊断技术，即第3代试管婴儿，移植前做胚胎染色体检查，挑选染色体正常的胚胎移植入宫腔内，形成健康的后代，从而阻断了这种染色体异常继续遗传下去。第三代试管婴儿价格昂贵，而且有一定的风险，有4%的误诊率。也可以自然妊娠后做产前诊断，如果羊水穿刺胚胎染色体异常，终止妊娠。染色体异常说明胎儿可能存在畸形，需要在基因库进行比对，进而判断胎儿可能存在哪些病变。同时还要检查父母的染色体，是否为遗传性的，还是基因突变。对于染色体异常，可能会引起胎停孕、流产或者是胎儿畸形。如果染色体异常不能纠正，对于这种情况，只能选择试管婴儿来怀孕。平时女性应该养成良好的生活习惯，注意休息。一般怀孕早期可以做NT检查，排除胎儿是不是患有染色体方面的畸形。再是怀孕15周-20周可以做唐氏筛查检查，排除胎儿是不是患有染色体方面的畸形。如果做NT或者是唐氏筛查都是高风险，建议进一步检查确诊。可以做无创DNA或者是羊水穿刺检查。羊水穿刺检查可以作为诊断疾病的依据。如果通过各种检查确诊以后，考虑胎儿患有染色体方面异常，不建议保留，可以直接做引产治疗。 |
Predrag Milićević - Barbarien (Serbian Cyrillic: Предраг Милићевић - Барбаријен; Jagodina, February, 2nd 1963 – May, 5th 2013) was a Serbian outsider art (also used terms: marginal art, brut art) painter.
Biography
He was born in Jagodina in 1963. He lived in Jagodina and Belgrade. He began doing painting in 1992 and very soon he began to exhibit successfully. His first independent exhibition named Punch on the middle class, in Stara kapetanija Gallery, Zemun, January 1994, was proclaimed the exhibition of the week this month in Belgrade. He became the member of Association of Serbian Artists in 1994. On several occasions he participated in Spring Exhibitions of Association in Cvijeta Zuzorić Art Pavilion in Belgrade. He died in Jagodina in 2013.
Artistic style
He liberated himself from unrest by painting. With his rich intellect and irony, in his short but very prolific and expressive lifetime, the artist pulled the suggestive power of his agony out of his internal depths, transforming it into rich coloring and wide and energetic strokes of his paintbrush. His in-satiate fascination with life in all aspects elevated the conflicts and passion to the level of universally human, thus creating the inner tension of form. Expressive and distorted figures in his paintings point to human faults, and fights between the good and the evil. Metaphor of human weakness is expressed in the presentations of animals which, like in fables, reveal the identity of human characters. He pulled out the monsters of his life abyss and placed them on the canvas raw. This contour of his soul in the claws of absurd is created in pain, momentarily and expressively. He embodied all his conflicts in united forces which emerge from the abyss of wandering souls. With his infantile lust for power over his surroundings, Barbarian gets rid of the feeling of inferiority in the very creative act. It was only then that he domineered and achieved intellectual balance, and belonged to himself. Thanks to characteristic pictorial language of expressive and raw artistic articulation he introduced a wealth of inventiveness in art brut, i.e. outsider art in Serbia. Besides Vojislav Jakic, Sava Sekulić and Ilija Bosilj Bašičevic, he can be considered a worldly classic.
Exhibitions and awards
Among the most significant world exhibitions where he participated were certainly those in Paris and Bratislava, among which the Triennials and Biennials in Slovakia and Serbia were most noteworthy. He received many awards and recognition, the most remarkable being Grand Prix for painting at the Thirteenth Biennial of Naïve and Marginal Art in Jagodina, Serbia in 2007. The greatest collection of his paintings is at Museum of Naïve and Marginal Art (MNMA), Jagodina, Serbia.
Gallery
References
Literature
Krstić N. (Ed.) (2007) Naïve and Marginal Art of Serbia. MNMA: Jagodina
Krstić N. (Ed.) (2010) Barbarien. MNMA: Jagodina
Krstić N. (Ed.) (2013) Outsiders. MNMA: Jagodina
Krstić N. (Ed.) (2014) Outsider Art in Serbia. MNMA: Jagodina
Krstić N. (Ed.) (2016) Barbarien. MNMA: Jagodina
External links
Barbarien - Milićević Predrag - Marginal Art in Serbia
Barbarien - Milićević Predrag - Museum of Naïve and Marginal Art, Jagodina, Serbia
1963 births
2013 deaths
Naïve painters
Outsider artists
20th-century Serbian painters
20th-century Serbian male artists
21st-century Serbian male artists
Serbian male painters |
Drocourt is the name of several communes in France:
Drocourt, Pas-de-Calais
Drocourt, Yvelines |
Felix Christian Herbert Iversen (22 October 1887 – 31 July 1973) was a Finnish mathematician and a pacifist. He was a student of Ernst Lindelöf, and later an associate professor of mathematics at the University of Helsinki. Although he stopped performing serious research in mathematics around 1922, he continued working as a professor until his retirement in 1954 and published a textbook on mathematics in 1950. The Soviet Union awarded Felix Iversen the Stalin Peace Prize in 1954.
References
1887 births
1973 deaths
Finnish mathematicians
Academic staff of the University of Helsinki
Stalin Peace Prize recipients |
文森·詹姆士·文斯·麥馬漢（，），是美國職業摔角的促進者，也是世界廣泛摔角聯盟（現改為世界摔角娛樂）的創辦人傑士·麥馬漢之子。
在文森·詹姆士·文斯·麥馬漢的摔角事業中，詹姆士是世界摔角聯盟的總裁，也是世界摔角娛樂名人堂（1996年）的入選者。
麦克马洪家族
WWE名人堂成员 |
HK AG36附加型榴弹发射器是什么?？HK AG36是一款式40毫米附加型榴弹发射器，发射40×46毫米低速榴弹。该榴弹发射器的主要设计概念是下挂于HK G36突击步枪，设计者是德国武器生产公司黑克勒&科赫的总公司奥伯恩多夫卡。它是在用作黑克勒&科赫对参与美国陆军的增强型榴弹发射器模块的竞标产品当中首次出现，而且为了用于增加在下挂于XM8和FN SCAR两枝步枪后的性能评价。作为一般人都会犯下的错误，“AG”这个名字并不是源于“Gewehr 36”的“附挂配件”，而是德语 Anbau-Granatwerfer 的缩写，字面上的意思是“附加型榴弹发射器”；而“36”之名则确实是来自原来的武器，也就是旨在提高的HK G36的性能。它也可通过增加手枪握把配件改装成一个独立的肩射型榴弹发射器武器系统，而且可以安装LLM01战术灯及雷射模块以增加精度。 |
Marek Szczęsny (born 30 July 1939) is a Polish contemporary painter.
He has participated in more than thirty solo and group exhibitions throughout Europe and the US. He currently lives and works in Paris.
Early life
Marek Szczęsny was born in Radom, Poland, on 30 July 1939. Szczęsny was born in the year of the outbreak of WWII and spent his earlier life in occupied and post-war Poland.
Wanting to become an artist, Marek took private art lessons and in the late 1950s moved to Gdańsk, where he began attending lectures at the State Academy of Fine Arts in Gdańsk. In the 1960s he began associating with a group of artists from the Żak - a student cultural club in Gdańsk. During this time he met the Polish painter Tadeusz Brzozowski. In 1967 Szczęsny had his debut exhibition at Żak. Thanks to Brzozowski the commission at the Polish Ministry of Culture granted Szczęsny the status of artist and membership to the Association of Polish Visual Artists.
Career
In the 1970s, Marek Szczęsny left Gdańsk and moved to Zakopane. For four years he was a member of the “GOPR” - the mountain rescue team specializing in winter rescue - in the Tatras, but continued to draw. Between 1970 and 1978 he exhibited his works in both group and solo exhibitions across Poland, Italy and Spain. It would be another 12 years before Szczęsny exhibited in Poland again (in 1991 as part of the group exhibition ‘Jesteśmy’ at Zachęta National Gallery of Art, Poland).
In 1978 Szczęsny left Poland for Paris and two years later was granted a Ford Foundation scholarship in 1980. At this time Szczęsny began to exhibit his work regularly in Europe.
From 2003 he had individual exhibitions in museums in France and Poland and was included in the exhibition “Polish Artists of the Twentieth Century” in France. In 2008 he had a solo exhibition entitled “Gravitation” at the Foksal Gallery in Warsaw. In 2016 in an exhibition titled “La Dechirure” at the Atlas Sztuki gallery in Łódź Szczęsny created a large wall sized installation using torn paper, cardboard and wood.
Between 1996 and 2008 Marek Szczęsny was awarded grants from the Pollock-Krasner Foundation and the Adolph and Esther Gottlieb Foundation in New York and the Bemis Center for Contemporary Art in Omaha, Nebraska. He was also an artist in residence at the Edward F. Albee Foundation in Montauk, New York.
Szczęsny has participated in exhibitions across France, Poland, Luxembourg, Switzerland, Italy, the US, Japan, Germany and Austria.
Exhibitions
30 January - 13 March 2015, Marek Szczęsny, l’étrangère
23 Jun 2016 – 31 Jul 2016, Layered Narratives: Collage/Photomontage/Print, l'étrangère
References
External links
Official site
Financial Times, 21/22 December 2014
Marek Szczęsny - artsy.net
1939 births
Living people
Polish contemporary painters
Polish contemporary artists |
鼻咽炎治疗？鼻咽部黏膜，黏膜下和淋巴组织的炎症即为鼻咽炎，分为急性鼻咽炎和慢性鼻咽炎。鼻咽炎病人鼻咽干燥不适，有黏稠分泌物不易咳出，故咳嗽频繁，常伴有恶心，严重者有声嘶，咽痛，头痛，头晕，乏力，消化不良，低热等局部或全身症状。鼻咽部检查见黏膜慢性充血，增生，肥厚，覆以分泌物或干痂。病毒感染，以柯萨奇病毒，腺病毒，副流感病毒多见，鼻病毒及流感病毒次之，通过飞沫和密切接触而传染。细菌感染，以链球菌，葡萄球菌及肺炎链球菌多见，其中以乙型链球菌感染着最为严重，可导致远处器官的化脓性病变。环境因素，如高温，粉尘，烟雾，刺激性气体等均可引起本病。鼻咽干燥不适，有黏稠样分泌物不易咳出，故病人咳嗽频繁常伴有恶心。严重者有声嘶，咽痛，头痛，头晕，乏力，消化不良，低热等全身或局部症状。鼻咽部检查见黏膜慢性充血，增生肥厚，覆以分泌物或干痂。鼻咽炎是鼻咽腔受到病毒、细菌的侵扰后引发的炎症。通过检查可发现鼻咽部黏膜水肿，肥大，增生，并伴有分泌物。病人常感到鼻塞，打喷嚏，流清鼻涕，鼻咽部发痒，干咳痛有异物感，呼吸困难，头昏头痛，乏力，嗅觉减退、记忆力下降等症状。急性鼻咽炎病人在成人时没有明显的全身症状，感觉到鼻咽部的干燥感，灼热感，会有鼻塞和流鼻涕的症状。婴幼儿发生时会伴有高热，呕吐，腹痛，腹泻等全身症状。治疗首先需要应用足量的抗菌素，适量地应用药物，及时的控制症状。避免发生一些严重的并发症，引起呼吸困难，可以短期的应用鼻腔血管收缩剂，改善鼻塞症状。慢性鼻咽炎的病人会感觉到鼻咽部干燥感，有较粘稠的分泌物咳出，有些病人会回吸性的痰液咳出。可以伴随有头痛，以枕部较显著，治疗主要是寻找病因，局部可以应用药物涂抹，以及使用鼻用药物激素喷鼻，严重者可以选择手术治疗。 |
预防高血糖远离并发症？高血糖的并发症有急性的并发症和慢性并发症两大类。急性并发症在短期内血糖急剧增高，没有得到控制后可能出现血糖升高状态，或者是糖尿病酮症酸中毒引起体内的代谢紊乱，出现生命危险。那么如何预防高血糖远离并发症呢？下面就让我们一起来了解一些吧。高血糖的预防：1、高血糖的预防主食一般以米、面为主，但高血糖人群更适合多吃粗杂粮，如燕麦、麦片、玉米面等，因为这些食物中有较多的无机盐、维生素，富含膳食纤维，膳食纤维具有减低血糖的作用，帮助人体更好地控制血糖。2、预防高血糖可食用含糖少的蔬菜，用水煮后加一些佐料拌着吃。也可用大豆及其豆制品代替部分动物性食品，如肉类等。3、预防高血糖尽量少用或禁用以下食物：白糖、红糖、葡萄糖及糖制甜食，如糖果、糕点、果酱、甜饮料等。富含饱和脂肪酸的猪油、牛油、奶油、黄油等。可用植物油代替部分动物油，花生、核桃、芝麻、瓜子中含脂肪也相当多，尽量不吃或少吃或减少油类，摄入含胆固醇高的食物，如蛋黄和动物内脏如肝、脑、腰等。4、预防高血糖适当选用以下有降血糖作用的食物：南瓜：研究发现，南瓜能促进胰岛素的分泌，对糖尿病有防治作用。银耳：含有丰富的银耳多糖，可对胰岛素降糖活性有明显延长作用。桑叶、桑椹：含有调节血糖作用的桑叶总多糖，可用桑叶泡茶饮用。芹菜：甘寒。能除心下烦热，散结气，下瘀血。有降血糖、降血脂、降血压作用。糖尿病合并高血压的病人可以长期食用。5.高血糖可饮用降糖的茶，塔罗藏降茶是不错的选择，它以灵芝为主，可以控制血压，调节血糖，增强免疫力。综上所述就是关于预防高血糖远离并发症的分析，我们可以了解到，预防高血糖的这些饮食都是我们在生活中应该注意的细节问题，而食材上的选用也是我们随处可见的，因此，只要我们能在时间上坚持下去，这种疾病就能很好的远离我们。 |
约翰·麦克布赖德（，），澳大利亚男子曲棍球运动员。他曾代表澳大利亚参加1960年和1964年夏季奥林匹克运动会曲棍球比赛，其中1964年奥运会获得一枚铜牌。
参考资料
澳大利亚男子曲棍球运动员
澳大利亚奥运曲棍球运动员
1960年夏季奥林匹克运动会曲棍球运动员
1964年夏季奥林匹克运动会曲棍球运动员
1964年夏季奧林匹克運動會獎牌得主
奧林匹克運動會曲棍球獎牌得主
澳大利亚奥林匹克运动会铜牌得主 |
索爾姆斯家族（德語：Haus Solms）是德國歷史上的一個貴族家庭。
索爾姆斯家族起源於中世紀晚期，但其早期歷史缺乏文獻記載。1410年奧托一世去世，長子伯恩哈德、次子約翰尼斯將領地一分為二，家族自此分為索爾姆斯-布勞恩費爾斯系與索爾姆斯-利希（Solms-Lich）系：
索爾姆斯-布勞恩費爾斯
伯爵
伯恩哈德二世，1410—1459
奧托二世，1459—1504
伯恩哈德三世，1504—1547
菲利普，1547—1581
康拉德，1581—1592
約翰·阿爾布雷希特一世，1592—1623
康拉德·路德維希，1623—1635
約翰·阿爾布雷希特二世，1635—1648
海因里希，1648—1693
威廉·莫里茲，1693—1720
腓特烈·威廉，1720—1742
1742年，腓特烈·威廉受晉升為親王。
親王
腓特烈·威廉，1742—1761
斐迪南，1761—1783
威廉，1783—1806
1806年，索爾姆斯-布勞恩費爾斯失去領地。
索爾姆斯-利希
約翰尼斯，1411—1457
庫諾，1457—1477
菲利普，1477—1544
索爾姆斯-霍恩索爾姆斯-利希
菲利普的長子萊因哈德為第一任伯爵。
萊因哈德一世，1544—1562
恩斯特一世，1562—1590
萊因哈德二世，1590—1596
格奧爾格·埃伯哈德，1596—1602
恩斯特二世，1602—1619
奧托·塞巴斯蒂安，1619—1632
路德維希·克里斯托夫，1632—1650
赫爾曼·阿道夫·莫里茲，1650—1718
腓特烈·威廉，1718—1744
卡爾·克里斯蒂安，1744—1803
卡爾，1803—1806
1806年，索爾姆斯-霍恩索爾姆斯-利希失去領地。
索爾姆斯-勞巴赫
菲利普的次子奧托早逝，其子腓特烈·馬格努斯繼承勞巴赫領地。
腓特烈·馬格努斯一世，1544—1561
約翰·格奧爾格一世，1561—1600
阿爾貝特·奧托一世，1600—1610
約翰·格奧爾格二世，1610—1632
阿爾貝特·奧托二世，1632—1639
卡爾·奧托，1639—1676
約翰·腓特烈，1676—1696
腓特烈·恩斯特，1696—1723
腓特烈·馬格努斯二世，1723—1738
克里斯蒂安·奧古斯特，1738—1784
腓特烈，1784—1806
1806年，索爾姆斯-勞巴赫失去領地。
索爾姆斯-巴魯斯
約翰·格奧爾格二世第四子腓特烈·西吉斯蒙德繼承巴魯斯領地。
腓特烈·西吉斯蒙德一世，1632—1696
腓特烈·西吉斯蒙德二世，1696—1737
腓特烈·戈特洛布，1737—1787
腓特烈·卡爾，1787—1801
腓特烈·海因里希，1801—1879
腓特烈·赫爾曼一世，1879—1904
腓特烈·赫爾曼二世，1904—1918
黑森貴族
德國貴族家系 |
Spanbroekmolen British Cemetery is a Commonwealth War Graves Commission (CWGC) burial ground for the dead of the First World War located in the Ypres Salient on the Western Front in Belgium. It is located at Spanbroekmolen, on one of the highest points of the Messines Ridge.
Foundation
The cemetery, named after a nearby windmill, was established in summer 1917. It mainly contains burials from the first day of the Battle of Messines, plus one from the day after. As in Lone Tree War Cemetery nearby, many of those buried here were from the 36th (Ulster) Division.
The cemetery was destroyed in later fighting and was reconstructed after the Armistice. Six graves could not be located and a "special memorial" notes the names of the men whose graves were not found.
Some of the men buried here were killed by the force of the explosion of a mine placed by the British Royal Engineers. The mine at Spanbroekmolen, which formed part of a series of mines under the German lines, was charged with of ammonal and set below ground, at the end of a gallery long. When detonated around 15 seconds later than planned at the start of the battle on 7 June 1917, its blast formed a crater with a diameter of and a depth of , destroying the German trenches and throwing communications into turmoil. The explosion crater, now filled with water, still exists and is called "Spanbroekmolenkrater" or "Lone Tree Crater". It was acquired in 1929 by the Toc H foundation in Poperinge, today recognised as the "Pool of Peace".
The cemetery was designed by J. R. Truelove. The cemetery grounds were assigned to the United Kingdom in perpetuity by King Albert I of Belgium in recognition of the sacrifices made by the British Empire in the defence and liberation of Belgium during the war.
References
Bibliography
External links
Spanbroekmolen British Cemetery at Find a Grave
Commonwealth War Graves Commission cemeteries in Belgium
Heuvelland
Cemeteries and memorials in West Flanders
World War I cemeteries in Belgium
Funerary and memory sites of the First World War (Western Front) |
Chodów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wartkowice, within Poddębice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately north-east of Wartkowice, north-east of Poddębice, and north-west of the regional capital Łódź.
References
Villages in Poddębice County |
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