Chunk-level Retrieval Eval
Collection
Contextualized chunk-level (query2chunk) retrieval eval for the Citras benchmark. • 46 items • Updated
chunk_id stringlengths 39 41 | chunk stringlengths 1 795 | source_url stringclasses 105
values | title stringclasses 1
value | chunk_idx int64 0 100 | chunk_start_char int64 0 42.2k | chunk_end_char int64 54 42.3k |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
passage_a0JRF000003eCVO2A2/p00388812::0 | ## How tax applies if you're under 18 years old
Special rules apply and you pay tax on certain income types at a higher rate on income you receive if you're under 18 years old. This rule was introduced to discourage adults from diverting income to their children. | passage_a0JRF000003eCVO2A2/p00388812 | 0 | 0 | 264 | |
passage_a0JRF000003eCVO2A2/p00388812::1 | If you aren't an [excepted person](https://www.ato.gov.au/individuals-and-families/income-deductions-offsets-and-records/income-you-must-declare/your-income-if-you-are-under-18-years-old#Workoutifyouareanexceptedperson) or receiving [excepted income](https://www.ato.gov.au/individuals-and-families/income-deductions-off... | passage_a0JRF000003eCVO2A2/p00388812 | 1 | 266 | 731 | |
passage_a0JRF000003eCVO2A2/p00388812::2 | on your residency. | passage_a0JRF000003eCVO2A2/p00388812 | 2 | 731 | 750 | |
passage_a0JRF000003eCVO2A2/p00388812::3 | You pay the same [individual income tax rates](https://www.ato.gov.au/tax-rates-and-codes/tax-rates-australian-residents) as an adult if you're an excepted person or on excepted income. | passage_a0JRF000003eCVO2A2/p00388812 | 3 | 752 | 937 | |
passage_a0JRF000003eCVO2A2/p00388812::4 | ## If you are a resident
Table 1: Tax rates for residents who are under 18 for 2024–25
Income for the year
Tax rates
$0 – $416
Nil
$417 – $1,307
Nil plus 66% of the excess over $416 (see [Note](https://www.ato.gov.au/tax-rates-and-codes/tax-rates-if-you-re-under-18-years-old#Ifyouareanonresident))
Over $1,307
... | passage_a0JRF000003eCVO2A2/p00388812 | 4 | 939 | 1,269 | |
passage_a0JRF000003eCVO2A2/p00388812::5 | total amount of the income that is not excepted income
Table 2: Tax rates for residents who are under 18 for 2020–21 to 2023–24
Income for the year
Tax rates
$0 – $416
Nil
$417 – $1,307
Nil plus 66%of the excess over $416 (see [Note](https://www.ato.gov.au/tax-rates-and-codes/tax-rates-if-you-re-under-18-years-... | passage_a0JRF000003eCVO2A2/p00388812 | 5 | 1,269 | 1,615 | |
passage_a0JRF000003eCVO2A2/p00388812::6 |
Over $1,307
45% of the total amount of the income that is not excepted income
**Note**: This rate, or if it is greater, the rate payable on eligible taxable income if it were the top slice of total taxable income and the general rates applied. | passage_a0JRF000003eCVO2A2/p00388812 | 6 | 1,615 | 1,862 | |
passage_a0JRF000003eCVO2A2/p00388812::7 | ## If you are a non-resident
Table 3: Tax rates for non-residents who are under 18 for 2024–25
Income for the year
Tax rates
$0 – $416
30% of the entire amount
$417 – $713
$124.80 plus 66% of the excess over $416 (see [Note 1](https://www.ato.gov.au/tax-rates-and-codes/tax-rates-if-you-re-under-18-years-old#Howi... | passage_a0JRF000003eCVO2A2/p00388812 | 7 | 1,864 | 2,196 | |
passage_a0JRF000003eCVO2A2/p00388812::8 | ifyouareunder18))
Over $713
45% of the entire amount
Table 4: Tax rates for non-residents who are under 18 for 2020–21 to 2023–24
Income for the year
Tax rates
$0 – $416
32.5% of the entire amount
$417 – $663
$135.20 plus 66% of the excess over $416(see [Note 1](https://www.ato.gov.au/t | passage_a0JRF000003eCVO2A2/p00388812 | 8 | 2,196 | 2,492 | |
passage_a0JRF000003eCVO2A2/p00388812::9 | ax-rates-and-codes/tax-rates-if-you-re-under-18-years-old#Howincomeistaxedifyouareunder18))
Over $663
45% of the entire amount
**Note 1**: This rate, or if it is greater, the rate payable on eligible taxable income if it were the top slice of total taxable income and the general rates applied. | passage_a0JRF000003eCVO2A2/p00388812 | 9 | 2,492 | 2,789 | |
passage_a0JRF000003eCVO2A2/p00388812::10 | ## How income is taxed if you are under 18
Table 5: How income of a person under 18 years old is taxed
If you...
Then...
Are an excepted person
your net income is taxed at the same individual income tax rates as an adult
Only have excepted income, such as part-time employment income
your excepted net income is t... | passage_a0JRF000003eCVO2A2/p00388812 | 10 | 2,791 | 3,341 | |
passage_a0JRF000003eCVO2A2/p00388812::11 | individual income tax rates as an adult
- your other income (after taking away deductions claimed for that income) will be taxed at higher rates
Only have other income (such as a family trust distribution)
your other income (after taking away deductions claimed for that income) will be taxed at higher rates | passage_a0JRF000003eCVO2A2/p00388812 | 11 | 3,341 | 3,652 | |
passage_a0JRF000003dbdt2AA/p00388226::0 | Income Tax (International Agreements) Amendment Bill (No.2) 1989
Date Introduced: 2 November 1989
House: House of Representatives
Portfolio: Treasury
Digest of Bill
Q
Purpose
To give legislative backing to agreements for the prevention of double
taxation and tax avoidance with Thailand and Papua New Guinea. and to amen... | passage_a0JRF000003dbdt2AA/p00388226 | 0 | 0 | 565 | |
passage_a0JRF000003dbdt2AA/p00388226::1 | The agreements all have a common aim,
the prevention of double taxation and avoidance, and this is reflected in the
content of the agreements which are substantially similar. The agreements work
be giVing the country of residence the exclusive right to tax certain catagories
of income and allowing the remaining income ... | passage_a0JRF000003dbdt2AA/p00388226 | 1 | 566 | 1,054 | |
passage_a0JRF000003dbdt2AA/p00388226::2 | Examples of catagories
reserved for tax by the country of residence include:
"Industrial or commercial profits where the taxpayer has no permanent
establishment in the country where the profits are earned;
-Most pensions and purchased annuities;
"Civil servants renumeration; and
... Air transport pro'fits.
A recent fea... | passage_a0JRF000003dbdt2AA/p00388226 | 2 | 1,055 | 1,640 | |
passage_a0JRF000003dbdt2AA/p00388226::3 | As a resultl where the body
returns profits to Australia, the full profit will be included in taxable income
and no credit, or a reduced credit, will be available for the tax paid in the
country of source. This largely cancels out the benefit available and reduces
any incentive offered by the concessional tax treatment... | passage_a0JRF000003dbdt2AA/p00388226 | 3 | 1,641 | 2,234 | |
passage_a0JRF000003dbdt2AA/p00388226::4 | In announcing proposed changes to these rules,
future amendments to the agreements were foreshadowed.
Main Provisions
Clauses 5, 6 and 7 will give the Protocols with France and Singapore,
which amend existing agreements. and the agreements with Papua New Guinea and
Thailand force in Australian law. The text of the Prot... | passage_a0JRF000003dbdt2AA/p00388226 | 4 | 2,235 | 2,658 | |
passage_a0JRF000003dbdt2AA/p00388226::5 | Singapore
The changes to this agreement, entered into in 1969, will bring the tax
treatment of dividends received by Australians into line with the foreign tax
credits law. As well, the definition of permanent establishment will be expanded
to reflect current agreements. The right to tax shipping profits will be
clarif... | passage_a0JRF000003dbdt2AA/p00388226 | 5 | 2,659 | 3,231 | |
passage_a0JRF000003dbdt2AA/p00388226::6 | The main change will
provide that if Australia negotiates a lesser rate of tax on dividends with
another member of the OECD. negotiations are to be held to provide the same
treatment in respect of France.
Papua New Guinea and Thailand
The agreements with these two countries re'l:lect the current tax agreements
entered ... | passage_a0JRF000003dbdt2AA/p00388226 | 6 | 3,232 | 3,788 | |
passage_a0JRF000003dbdt2AA/p00388226::7 | Dividends, interest and royalties may be taxed by either country but
there are limits on the tax charged by the source country, while pensions will
generally only be taxable in the country of residence. The measures to avoid
double taxation will be based on each country allowing a credit for tax paid in
the other count... | passage_a0JRF000003dbdt2AA/p00388226 | 7 | 3,789 | 4,381 | |
passage_a0JRF000003dbdt2AA/p00388226::8 | However, no
country will be obliged to provide information that could not be obtained under
the laws of the country to which the information is to be supplied or to
disclose information that would be contrary to public policy.
An agreement may be terminated, five years after it commences to operate, by
giving one years... | passage_a0JRF000003dbdt2AA/p00388226 | 8 | 4,382 | 4,940 | |
passage_a0JRF000003dbdt2AA/p00388226::9 | Other sources should be
consulted to determine the subsequent official status of the Bill.
© Commonwealth of Australia 1989
Except to the extent of the uses permitted under the Copyright Act 1968. no
part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any
means, including information storage and... | passage_a0JRF000003dbdt2AA/p00388226 | 9 | 4,941 | 5,476 | |
passage_a0JRF000003R9IP2A0/p00377596::0 | ## Partnership
A partnership is a group or association of people who run a business together and share the income or losses from the business between themselves.
A written partnership agreement is not required for a partnership to exist but can help:
- prevent misunderstandings and disputes about what each partner b... | passage_a0JRF000003R9IP2A0/p00377596 | 0 | 0 | 597 | |
passage_a0JRF000003R9IP2A0/p00377596::1 | The partners in a partnership are not employees of the partnership, but they are able to employ other workers.
Partners are responsible for their own superannuation. However, the partnership is required to pay super for its employees. | passage_a0JRF000003R9IP2A0/p00377596 | 1 | 599 | 834 | |
passage_a0JRF000003R9IP2A0/p00377596::2 | ### Key tax obligations
A partnership:
- has its own TFN
- must lodge an annual partnership return showing all business income and deductions and how its income or losses are distributed to the partners
- must apply for an [ABNExternal Link](https://abr.gov.au/business-super-funds-charities/applying-abn/abn-entitleme... | passage_a0JRF000003R9IP2A0/p00377596 | 2 | 836 | 1,356 | |
passage_a0JRF000003R9IP2A0/p00377596::3 | turnover](https://www.ato.gov.au/businesses-and-organisations/gst-excise-and-indirect-taxes/gst/registering-for-gst#WorkingoutyourGSTturnover) of $75,000 ($150,000 for not-for-profit organisations) or more
- provides taxi, limousine or ride-sourcing services (regardless of GST turnover)
- wants to claim fuel tax credi... | passage_a0JRF000003R9IP2A0/p00377596 | 3 | 1,356 | 1,846 | |
passage_a0JRF000003R9IP2A0/p00377596::4 | -bas), for example if it is registered for GST, has employer obligations such as pay as you go withholding, or have pay as you go instalments
- does not pay tax
- each partner reports their share of the net partnership income or loss in their own tax return and is personally liable for any tax that may be due on that ... | passage_a0JRF000003R9IP2A0/p00377596 | 4 | 1,846 | 2,173 | |
passage_a0JRF000003R9IP2A0/p00377596::5 | A partnership and its partners cannot claim a deduction for money they withdraw from the business. Amounts you take from a partnership:
- are not wages for tax purposes
- may affect what your share of the partnership income is that you have to pay tax on.
You will need to be aware of the steps to take if you change t... | passage_a0JRF000003R9IP2A0/p00377596 | 5 | 2,175 | 2,702 | |
passage_a0JRF000003iDxV2AU/p00392033::0 | ## How to vary your PAYG instalment amount (option 1)
You vary your PAYG instalment amount on your activity statement or instalment notice.
Use the following steps to calculate your varied instalment amount.
### 1. Check that you use the instalment amount option
Check that there is an instalment amount at **T7** on... | passage_a0JRF000003iDxV2AU/p00392033 | 0 | 0 | 366 | |
passage_a0JRF000003iDxV2AU/p00392033::1 | If there is not, you need to [vary your instalment rate (option 2)](https://www.ato.gov.au/businesses-and-organisations/income-deductions-and-concessions/payg-instalments/how-to-vary-your-payg-instalments#HowtovaryyourPAYGinstalmentrateoption2) instead.
If you varied your instalment amount in a previous quarter of the... | passage_a0JRF000003iDxV2AU/p00392033 | 1 | 368 | 775 | |
passage_a0JRF000003iDxV2AU/p00392033::2 | Estimate your instalment income for the year
Your [instalment income](https://www.ato.gov.au/businesses-and-organisations/income-deductions-and-concessions/payg-instalments/calculate-your-payg-instalments/instalment-income) is your gross business and investment income, excluding GST.
### 3. Estimate the tax on your i... | passage_a0JRF000003iDxV2AU/p00392033 | 2 | 776 | 1,263 | |
passage_a0JRF000003iDxV2AU/p00392033::3 | [PAYG instalments calculator](https://www.ato.gov.au/calculators-and-tools/payg-instalments-calculator)
You can use the calculator to:
- estimate your tax for the year
- work out your varied instalment amount
- work out your entitlement to credits for previous PAYG instalments. | passage_a0JRF000003iDxV2AU/p00392033 | 3 | 1,265 | 1,544 | |
passage_a0JRF000003iDxV2AU/p00392033::4 | If you prefer, you can [manually estimate the tax on your instalment income](https://www.ato.gov.au/businesses-and-organisations/income-deductions-and-concessions/payg-instalments/how-to-vary-your-payg-instalments/estimating-tax-on-your-instalment-income).
If your estimated instalment income (step 2) is zero, you can ... | passage_a0JRF000003iDxV2AU/p00392033 | 4 | 1,546 | 1,959 | |
passage_a0JRF000003iDxV2AU/p00392033::5 | Work out how much to pay for each instalment
The amount you pay depends on how much you have paid in previous instalments this year. After each instalment you should have paid a certain proportion of your total estimated tax. | passage_a0JRF000003iDxV2AU/p00392033 | 5 | 1,960 | 2,186 | |
passage_a0JRF000003iDxV2AU/p00392033::6 | Work out how much to pay in each instalment for:
- [quarterly instalments](https://www.ato.gov.au/businesses-and-organisations/income-deductions-and-concessions/payg-instalments/how-to-vary-your-payg-instalments#Ifyoupayquarterlyinstalments)
- [2 instalments per year](https://www.ato.gov.au/businesses-and-organisation... | passage_a0JRF000003iDxV2AU/p00392033 | 6 | 2,188 | 2,626 | |
passage_a0JRF000003iDxV2AU/p00392033::7 | If you have already paid more than your total estimated tax for the year, you can claim a credit for the overpayment. You do not have to claim a credit. When you lodge your tax return, your PAYG instalments are credited against your income tax and any excess is refunded.
#### If you pay quarterly instalments
You can ... | passage_a0JRF000003iDxV2AU/p00392033 | 7 | 2,628 | 3,106 | |
passage_a0JRF000003iDxV2AU/p00392033::8 | Or you can manually work out your quarterly instalment amounts as follows with the:
- first quarter
- 25% of your estimated tax for the income year
- second quarter
- 50% of your estimated tax for the income year
- *minus* the amount of your first quarter instalment
- third quarter
- 75% of your estimated tax for t... | passage_a0JRF000003iDxV2AU/p00392033 | 8 | 3,108 | 3,613 | |
passage_a0JRF000003iDxV2AU/p00392033::9 | estimated tax for the income year
- *minus* the amount of your first, second and third quarter instalments
- *plus* any PAYG instalment credits you claimed for the second and third quarters. | passage_a0JRF000003iDxV2AU/p00392033 | 9 | 3,613 | 3,804 | |
passage_a0JRF000003iDxV2AU/p00392033::10 | #### If you start paying instalments in the second, third or fourth quarters
If you are new to PAYG instalments this year, you calculate your varied instalment amount as though the first quarter for which you pay instalments is the first quarter of the year.
For example, if you start paying instalments in the second ... | passage_a0JRF000003iDxV2AU/p00392033 | 10 | 3,806 | 4,228 | |
passage_a0JRF000003iDxV2AU/p00392033::11 | As you will not pay all 4 quarterly instalments in your first year, at the end of the year your total instalments will be less than 100% of your estimated tax.
**Example: varying the instalment amount**
Cari receives income from her investments. Her quarterly PAYG instalment amount is $5,000.
Cari pays this amount i... | passage_a0JRF000003iDxV2AU/p00392033 | 11 | 4,230 | 4,641 | |
passage_a0JRF000003iDxV2AU/p00392033::12 | In January, Cari sells a portion of her investments and decides to vary her PAYG instalment amount on her third quarterly activity statement (1 January – 31 March) to take account of her new situation.
Cari uses the PAYG instalment calculator and estimates the tax on her instalment income for the financial year will b... | passage_a0JRF000003iDxV2AU/p00392033 | 12 | 4,643 | 4,973 | |
passage_a0JRF000003iDxV2AU/p00392033::13 | Cari works out her varied PAYG instalment as follows:
- Estimated tax:
$14,000
- Multiplied by 75% (how much to pay for the third quarter):
$14,000 × 75% = $10,500
- Minus amounts paid for the first and second quarters:
$10,500 − ($5,000 + $5,000) = $500
The varied amount Cari needs to pay in the third quarter is ... | passage_a0JRF000003iDxV2AU/p00392033 | 13 | 4,974 | 5,299 | |
passage_a0JRF000003iDxV2AU/p00392033::14 | In the fourth quarter Cari will pay her total estimated tax minus the amounts paid in the first 3 quarters:
- $14,000 − ($5,000 + $5,000 + $500) = $3,500
In the second half of the year, Cari's investment income increases. After she lodges her tax return at the end of the year, her notice of assessment shows her incom... | passage_a0JRF000003iDxV2AU/p00392033 | 14 | 5,301 | 5,638 | |
passage_a0JRF000003iDxV2AU/p00392033::15 | As Cari has paid $14,000 in PAYG instalments, she will pay the income tax shortfall of $1,500 (income tax of $15,500 − $14,000 instalments already paid.)
Cari's varied instalments were more than 85% of her actual tax liability, so the ATO does not charge any interest on the shortfall.
End of example
#### If you pay 2... | passage_a0JRF000003iDxV2AU/p00392033 | 15 | 5,640 | 6,026 | |
passage_a0JRF000003iDxV2AU/p00392033::16 | You pay:
- April
- 75% of your estimated tax for the income year
- July
- 100% of your estimated tax for the income year
- *minus* the amount of the instalment you paid in April.
### 5. Complete your activity statement or instalment notice
On your activity statement or instalment notice, enter:
- your estimated t... | passage_a0JRF000003iDxV2AU/p00392033 | 16 | 6,027 | 6,484 | |
passage_a0JRF000003iDxV2AU/p00392033::17 | – if the amount is nil or negative, enter 0
- the [reason you have varied](https://www.ato.gov.au/businesses-and-organisations/income-deductions-and-concessions/payg-instalments/how-to-vary-your-payg-instalments#Variationreasoncodes) your instalment at **T4**
- your varied instalment amount at **5A** – if you are filli... | passage_a0JRF000003iDxV2AU/p00392033 | 17 | 6,485 | 6,854 | |
passage_a0JRF000003iDxV2AU/p00392033::18 | If the varied instalment amount that you worked out at step 4 is negative, you can claim a credit for your earlier PAYG instalments made within the same financial year.
To claim a credit, enter your varied instalment amount at **5B** (credit from PAYG income tax instalment variation). Enter the amount as a positive nu... | passage_a0JRF000003iDxV2AU/p00392033 | 18 | 6,856 | 7,373 | |
passage_a0JRF000003iDxV2AU/p00392033::19 | Lodge and pay
[Lodge and pay](https://www.ato.gov.au/businesses-and-organisations/income-deductions-and-concessions/payg-instalments/lodging-and-paying-payg-instalments) by the due date on your activity statement or instalment notice. | passage_a0JRF000003iDxV2AU/p00392033 | 19 | 7,374 | 7,609 | |
passage_a0JRF000003eNKL2A2/p00388997::0 | A sleepover is when an employee is required to sleep overnight at their client’s premises. It’s different to a [24 hour care shift](https://library.fairwork.gov.au/viewer/?krn=K600557). The span for a sleepover is a continuous period of 8 hours.
Employees must be rostered or paid for a minimum of 4 hours’ work before ... | passage_a0JRF000003eNKL2A2/p00388997 | 0 | 0 | 350 | |
passage_a0JRF000003eNKL2A2/p00388997::1 | See [ Hours of work in the Social, Community, Home Care and Disability Services Industry Award](https://www.fairwork.gov.au/find-help-for/disability-support-and-aged-care-services/understanding-schads/hours-of-work-in-the-schads-award#sleepovers) for more information.
## Is it considered one shift?
Yes. The sleepover... | passage_a0JRF000003eNKL2A2/p00388997 | 1 | 352 | 880 | |
passage_a0JRF000003eNKL2A2/p00388997::2 | >
>
>
> She is rostered to work 4pm-11pm on a Wednesday with a sleepover from 11pm to 7am.
>
>
>
> As the sleepover and the period of work is considered one shift, Andrea's shift starts at 4pm on Wednesday and finishes at 7am on Thursday.
>
>
>
> Andrea's shift is a night shift, because it finishes after midnight. She'... | passage_a0JRF000003eNKL2A2/p00388997 | 2 | 881 | 1,309 | |
passage_a0JRF000003eNKL2A2/p00388997::3 | No. A sleepover can’t count as a break between rostered work periods, or as a break in a broken shift.
See [Broken shifts in the Social, Community, Home Care and Disability Services Award](https://library.fairwork.gov.au/viewer/?krn=K600303) for more information.
## Does a sleepover count as ordinary hours of work?
... | passage_a0JRF000003eNKL2A2/p00388997 | 3 | 1,311 | 1,753 | |
passage_a0JRF000003eNKL2A2/p00388997::4 | See [Pay for sleepovers in the Social, Community Services, Home Care and Disability Services Award](https://library.fairwork.gov.au/viewer/?krn=K600726) for more information.
## Do shift penalty rates apply?
Shift penalty rates will apply when a shift meets the definition of an afternoon, night or public holiday shif... | passage_a0JRF000003eNKL2A2/p00388997 | 4 | 1,755 | 2,162 | |
passage_a0JRF000003eNKL2A2/p00388997::5 | >
> ### Example: Sleepover and shift allowances not on a weekend
>
>
>
> Orla works from 5pm until 10pm Monday, does a sleepover from 10pm until 6am then works from 6am to 9am on Tuesday.
>
>
>
> A night shift is a shift finishing after midnight or starting before 6am Monday to Friday. | passage_a0JRF000003eNKL2A2/p00388997 | 5 | 2,164 | 2,450 | |
passage_a0JRF000003eNKL2A2/p00388997::6 | >
>
>
> As Orla’s shift finishes at 9am, she gets paid the 15% night shift penalty rate for the hours worked from 5pm to 10pm on Monday and 6am to 9am on Tuesday.
>
>
>
>
> ### Example
>
>
>
> Gerry works at a youth crisis centre.
>
>
>
> He is rostered to do a sleepover on a Tuesday night from 11pm to 7am and then wo... | passage_a0JRF000003eNKL2A2/p00388997 | 6 | 2,451 | 2,804 | |
passage_a0JRF000003eNKL2A2/p00388997::7 | >
>
>
> The sleepover period is considered a period of duty but doesn't count as ordinary hours.
>
>
>
> This means that Gerry's shift starts at 11pm and finishes at 12pm the following day.
>
>
>
> The shift is a night shift because it finishes after midnight.
>
>
>
> Gerry is paid the 15% night shift penalty rate for ... | passage_a0JRF000003eNKL2A2/p00388997 | 7 | 2,805 | 3,172 | |
passage_a0JRF000003eNKL2A2/p00388997::8 | >
>
>
## Are shift penalty rates paid for hours worked on weekends before or after a sleepover?
No. Shift penalty rates don’t apply to hours worked on Saturdays or Sundays. Employees working before or after a sleepover on a Saturday or Sunday get paid:
- 150% of their ordinary rate of pay for work performed between ... | passage_a0JRF000003eNKL2A2/p00388997 | 8 | 3,173 | 3,633 | |
passage_a0JRF000003eNKL2A2/p00388997::9 | Where work is performed on a Monday after a Sunday sleepover, the employee is paid the 15% night shift penalty rate for the morning shift.
Casual employees also get their casual loading.
>
> ## Example: Sleepover and shift allowances on weekends
>
>
>
> Bernie has a shift on Sunday afternoon from 3pm to 10pm, does a ... | passage_a0JRF000003eNKL2A2/p00388997 | 9 | 3,635 | 4,079 | |
passage_a0JRF000003eNKL2A2/p00388997::10 | >
>
>
> Bernie gets paid:
>
>
>
> - 200% of his ordinary hourly rate from 3pm to 10pm on Sunday
> - 4.9% of the standard rate as a sleepover allowance
> - 15% night shift penalty from 6am to 9am on Monday.
>
> | passage_a0JRF000003eNKL2A2/p00388997 | 10 | 4,080 | 4,289 | |
passage_a0JRF000003bUjl2AE/p00386253::0 | ## Staking and the role of forgers
Staking involves locking your existing crypto asset tokens to validate transactions on the blockchain and create new blocks. The users who create new blocks in this system are known as forgers.
Proof of stake is a consensus mechanism, where forgers hold units of a crypto asset to va... | passage_a0JRF000003bUjl2AE/p00386253 | 0 | 0 | 484 | |
passage_a0JRF000003bUjl2AE/p00386253::1 | ### Example: staking existing crypto assets
Anastasia holds 50,000 Coin A tokens, which she stakes to a Coin A pool as a premium staker.
Anastasia receives additional Coin A tokens when her pool participates in consensus. Anastasia also receives a small payment of Coin A tokens from the node leader for supporting the... | passage_a0JRF000003bUjl2AE/p00386253 | 1 | 486 | 1,078 | |
passage_a0JRF000003bUjl2AE/p00386253::2 | End of example## Staking rewards and income tax treatment
As a forger who creates a new block, you'll usually receive a reward in the form of additional tokens from holding the original tokens. The money value of additional tokens is **ordinary income** at the time you receive the tokens. You need to declare the incom... | passage_a0JRF000003bUjl2AE/p00386253 | 2 | 1,080 | 1,602 | |
passage_a0JRF000003bUjl2AE/p00386253::3 | Other consensus mechanisms that reward existing token holders for their role in maintaining the network have the same tax outcome. This includes rewards you receive through:
- proof of authority and proof of credit mechanisms by validators
- agent nodes and guardian nodes
- premium stakers and other entities performin... | passage_a0JRF000003bUjl2AE/p00386253 | 3 | 1,604 | 2,142 | |
passage_a0JRF000003bUjl2AE/p00386253::4 | You also need to declare this income in your tax return as [other income](https://www.ato.gov.au/individuals-and-families/your-tax-return/instructions-to-complete-your-tax-return/mytax-instructions/2025/income/other-income/other-income).
When you dispose of crypto assets you earn through staking, you will need to [wor... | passage_a0JRF000003bUjl2AE/p00386253 | 4 | 2,144 | 2,644 | |
passage_a0JRF000003bUjl2AE/p00386253::5 | ## Airdrops and income tax treatment
Airdrops are a marketing tool that distribute crypto assets through a group of people to build their use and popularity. Some projects 'airdrop' new tokens to existing token holders as a way of increasing the supply of tokens.
The money value of an established token you receive by... | passage_a0JRF000003bUjl2AE/p00386253 | 5 | 2,646 | 3,025 | |
passage_a0JRF000003bUjl2AE/p00386253::6 | You need to declare this in your tax return as [other income](https://www.ato.gov.au/individuals-and-families/your-tax-return/instructions-to-complete-your-tax-return/mytax-instructions/2025/income/other-income/other-income).
### Example: airdrop tokens and market value
Merindah has held Coin A tokens since December ... | passage_a0JRF000003bUjl2AE/p00386253 | 6 | 3,026 | 3,539 | |
passage_a0JRF000003bUjl2AE/p00386253::7 | The cost base of Coin B tokens that Merindah receives by airdrop is their market value at the time she receives them.
End of example## Initial allocation airdrops
A crypto project may make an initial airdrop of tokens that is the very first distribution of its tokens. These tokens are the initial allocation, if there... | passage_a0JRF000003bUjl2AE/p00386253 | 7 | 3,541 | 4,071 | |
passage_a0JRF000003bUjl2AE/p00386253::8 | Where the project issues these tokens for free (without any payment made for the tokens), they have a cost base of zero ($0). These tokens don't have a market value at the time of the initial airdrop because they have not previously been traded.
Where these tokens are not free, that is you have made a payment in retur... | passage_a0JRF000003bUjl2AE/p00386253 | 8 | 4,073 | 4,492 | |
passage_a0JRF000003bUjl2AE/p00386253::9 | A [CGT event](https://www.ato.gov.au/individuals-and-families/investments-and-assets/capital-gains-tax/cgt-events) happens when you dispose of the tokens. If you hold your tokens for 12 months or more, you may be entitled to the CGT discount.
### Example: capital gain and CGT discount on initial airdrop token
Cswap l... | passage_a0JRF000003bUjl2AE/p00386253 | 9 | 4,494 | 4,885 | |
passage_a0JRF000003bUjl2AE/p00386253::10 | Josh is an eligible account holder of the Cswap protocol and received an initial allocation of 800 CX tokens on 16 September 2023.
Josh does not derive ordinary income or make a capital gain as a result of the receipt of the 800 CX.
On 25 May 2025, Josh sold the 800 CX for $4,000. Because the cost base of the CX toke... | passage_a0JRF000003bUjl2AE/p00386253 | 10 | 4,887 | 5,313 | |
passage_a0JRF000003bUjl2AE/p00386253::11 | Josh is also eligible to reduce his total capital gain using the CGT discount, as he held his CX for more than 12 months.
End of example
### Example: capital gain on an initial airdrop token that requires payment
TXP launched its own native protocol token, HXP, through an initial airdrop.
TXP distributed the new HX... | passage_a0JRF000003bUjl2AE/p00386253 | 11 | 5,315 | 5,778 | |
passage_a0JRF000003bUjl2AE/p00386253::12 | Calista does not derive ordinary income or make a capital gain as a result of receiving the 1,000 HXP.
Calista later sells the 1,000 HXP for $4,000. Because the cost base of the CX was $1,000, Calista makes a capital gain of $3,000 from the sale of the HXP. | passage_a0JRF000003bUjl2AE/p00386253 | 12 | 5,780 | 6,038 | |
passage_a0JRF000003fpT42AI/p00390216::0 | # ABN entitlement
Not everyone is entitled to an ABN. | passage_a0JRF000003fpT42AI/p00390216 | 0 | 0 | 54 | |
passage_a0JRF000003fpT42AI/p00390216::1 | You're entitled to an ABN if you're:
- [carrying on](https://www.abr.gov.au/business-super-funds-charities/applying-abn/abn-entitlement#Whatcarryingonanenterprisemeans) or [starting](https://www.abr.gov.au/business-super-funds-charities/applying-abn/abn-entitlement#Startupactivities) an enterprise in Australia
- makin... | passage_a0JRF000003fpT42AI/p00390216 | 1 | 56 | 525 | |
passage_a0JRF000003fpT42AI/p00390216::2 | slocatedoutsideAustralia)
- a [Corporations Act company](https://www.abr.gov.au/business-super-funds-charities/applying-abn/abn-entitlement/companies-and-other-entities). | passage_a0JRF000003fpT42AI/p00390216 | 2 | 525 | 695 | |
passage_a0JRF000003fpT42AI/p00390216::3 | **You may face prosecution or criminal charges if you apply for an ABN, register for GST and claim GST refunds when you’re not entitled.**
When you apply for an ABN, you will be asked questions to help us determine whether you are carrying on an enterprise.
You may be subject to an [ABN entitlement review](https://ww... | passage_a0JRF000003fpT42AI/p00390216 | 3 | 697 | 1,099 | |
passage_a0JRF000003fpT42AI/p00390216::4 | If we conduct a review, you'll be asked to provide evidence that you commenced, or took steps to commence, your business or enterprise from the start date provided in your ABN application.
[Apply for an ABNExternal link](https://abr.gov.au/ABRWeb/AbnApply.abr?pid=71)
## Carrying on an enterprise
An enterprise includ... | passage_a0JRF000003fpT42AI/p00390216 | 4 | 1,100 | 1,604 | |
passage_a0JRF000003fpT42AI/p00390216::5 | There is no single test to determine if you're carrying on a business. Features of a business include:
- the activity is a significant commercial activity, involving commercial sales of products or services, and is of a reasonable size and scale
- there is an intention to make a profit from the activity as demonstrate... | passage_a0JRF000003fpT42AI/p00390216 | 5 | 1,606 | 2,246 | |
passage_a0JRF000003fpT42AI/p00390216::6 | For more information, see** **[Section 9-20External link](https://www.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/viewdoc/au/legis/cth/consol_act/antsasta1999402/s9.20.html) *A New Tax System (Goods And Services Tax) Act 1999. | passage_a0JRF000003fpT42AI/p00390216 | 6 | 2,248 | 2,453 | |
passage_a0JRF000003fpT42AI/p00390216::7 | *
## Commencement activities
If your business or other enterprise isn't yet underway, you'll need to have undertaken commencement activities such as:
- advertising, setting up a social media account or a website for the business
- purchasing business cards or stationery for the business
- obtaining business licences... | passage_a0JRF000003fpT42AI/p00390216 | 7 | 2,453 | 3,056 | |
passage_a0JRF000003fpT42AI/p00390216::8 | While you don't need to have undertaken all of these commencement activities, you would be expected to have undertaken at least some of them and be able to provide evidence if we request it.
## Employee or contractor
You're not entitled to an ABN for work that you carry out as an employee – including as an apprentice... | passage_a0JRF000003fpT42AI/p00390216 | 8 | 3,058 | 3,534 | |
passage_a0JRF000003fpT42AI/p00390216::9 | For more information, see [Employee or contractorExternal link](https://www.ato.gov.au/business/employee-or-contractor/) on the ATO website.
## Renting out a residential property
While renting out an investment property may constitute an enterprise, renting out a **residential** property doesn't generally give rise t... | passage_a0JRF000003fpT42AI/p00390216 | 9 | 3,536 | 3,958 | |
passage_a0JRF000003fpT42AI/p00390216::10 | ## Foreign businesses operating in Australia
If your business or organisation is located outside Australia, you may be entitled to an ABN if you are carrying on an enterprise:
- in Australia
- that involves making supplies connected with Australia's indirect tax zone – defined as including Australia but not its exter... | passage_a0JRF000003fpT42AI/p00390216 | 10 | 3,960 | 4,322 | |
passage_a0JRF000003fpT42AI/p00390216::11 | ## Registering your superannuation entity
Before applying for an ABN, a superannuation entity (for example [APRA regulated fundsExternal link](https://www.ato.gov.au/Super/APRA-regulated-funds/Services-and-support/APRA-regulated-fund-support/), ATO regulated self-managed super funds) must be set up correctly. You can ... | passage_a0JRF000003fpT42AI/p00390216 | 11 | 4,324 | 4,798 | |
passage_a0JRF000003i0U12AI/p00391840::0 | ## When to provide a tax invoice
If a customer asks for a tax invoice, you must provide one within 28 days, unless it is for a sale of $82.50 (including GST) or less.
The information a tax invoice must include depends on:
- the sale amount
- the sale type (for example, a sale that includes both taxable and non-taxab... | passage_a0JRF000003i0U12AI/p00391840 | 0 | 0 | 359 | |
passage_a0JRF000003i0U12AI/p00391840::1 | ## Sales under $1,000
Tax invoices for taxable sales of less than $1,000 must include enough information to clearly determine the following 7 details:
1. Document is intended to be a tax invoice.
2. Seller's identity.
3. Seller's Australian business number (ABN).
4. Date the invoice was issued.
5. Brief description o... | passage_a0JRF000003i0U12AI/p00391840 | 1 | 361 | 755 | |
passage_a0JRF000003i0U12AI/p00391840::2 | GST amount (if any) payable – this can be shown separately or, if the GST amount is exactly 1/11 of the total price, as a statement which says, 'Total price includes GST.'
7. Extent to which each sale on the invoice is a taxable sale.
### Example 1: tax invoice for a sale under $1,000
End of example
## Sales of $1,00... | passage_a0JRF000003i0U12AI/p00391840 | 2 | 756 | 1,174 | |
passage_a0JRF000003i0U12AI/p00391840::3 | If your tax invoices meet the requirements for sales of $1,000 or more, you can also use them for sales of lesser amounts.
Example 2 shows:
- GST included in each line item
- the sale is clearly identified as being fully taxable by the words 'Total price includes GST'
- the buyer's identity for sales of $1,000 or mor... | passage_a0JRF000003i0U12AI/p00391840 | 3 | 1,176 | 1,498 | |
passage_a0JRF000003i0U12AI/p00391840::4 | ### Example 2: tax invoice for a sale of $1,000 or more
End of example
If you supply or receive an invoice that only has a figure at a [wine equalisation tax-goods services tax (WEG) label](https://www.ato.gov.au/businesses-and-organisations/gst-excise-and-indirect-taxes/gst/in-detail/managing-gst-in-your-business/tax... | passage_a0JRF000003i0U12AI/p00391840 | 4 | 1,500 | 1,956 | |
passage_a0JRF000003i0U12AI/p00391840::5 | [GSTR 2013/1](https://www.ato.gov.au/law/view/document?docid=GST/GSTR20131/NAT/ATO/00001) *Goods and services tax: tax invoices* sets out the information requirements for a tax invoice in more detail.
## Taxable and non-taxable sales
A tax invoice that includes taxable and non-taxable items, must clearly show which i... | passage_a0JRF000003i0U12AI/p00391840 | 5 | 1,958 | 2,295 | |
passage_a0JRF000003i0U12AI/p00391840::6 | Items are non-taxable if they are [GST-free](https://www.ato.gov.au/businesses-and-organisations/gst-excise-and-indirect-taxes/gst/when-to-charge-gst-and-when-not-to/gst-free-sales) or [input-taxed](https://www.ato.gov.au/businesses-and-organisations/gst-excise-and-indirect-taxes/gst/when-to-charge-gst-and-when-not-to/... | passage_a0JRF000003i0U12AI/p00391840 | 6 | 2,296 | 2,750 | |
passage_a0JRF000003i0U12AI/p00391840::7 | Use ASIC's MoneySmart [GST calculatorExternal Link](https://www.moneysmart.gov.au/tools-and-resources/calculators-and-apps/gst-calculator) to calculate the amount of GST you will pay or should charge customers.
[GST 2001/8](https://www.ato.gov.au/law/view/document?docid=GST/GSTR20018/NAT/ATO/00001) *Goods and services... | passage_a0JRF000003i0U12AI/p00391840 | 7 | 2,752 | 3,207 | |
passage_a0JRF000003i0U12AI/p00391840::8 | ## Digital invoices
A tax invoice doesn't need to be issued in paper form.
For example, you can issue a tax invoice to a customer by emailing an invoice in portable document format (PDF) or other digital formats.
Any digital record or document transmitted to the customer needs to contain all the required information... | passage_a0JRF000003i0U12AI/p00391840 | 8 | 3,209 | 3,739 | |
passage_a0JRF000003i0U12AI/p00391840::9 | eInvoicing (Peppol Invoice) is an automated direct exchange of invoices between a supplier's and buyer's software.
Some eInvoices may not include words such as ‘Tax Invoice’ or’ GST invoice’. However, we consider that an eInvoice satisfies the requirement that the ‘document is intended to be a tax invoice’ if the eInv... | passage_a0JRF000003i0U12AI/p00391840 | 9 | 3,740 | 4,206 | |
passage_a0JRF000003i0U12AI/p00391840::10 | Find out more about [eInvoice data requirements](https://www.ato.gov.au/businesses-and-organisations/einvoicing/einvoicing-for-government/guide-to-receiving-and-processing-einvoices/einvoice-data-requirements).
## Rounding of GST
Where an amount of GST includes a fraction of a cent, special rounding rules apply.
Whe... | passage_a0JRF000003i0U12AI/p00391840 | 10 | 4,208 | 4,665 | |
passage_a0JRF000003i0U12AI/p00391840::11 | Where there is more than one taxable sale on a tax invoice, there are 2 rules known as the total invoice rule and the taxable supply rule.
**Total invoice rule** – total and then round GST for each taxable sale to the nearest cent (rounding 0.5 cents upwards).
Or if all taxable sales on a tax invoice include an amoun... | passage_a0JRF000003i0U12AI/p00391840 | 11 | 4,667 | 5,169 | |
passage_a0JRF000003i0U12AI/p00391840::12 | **Taxable sale rule** – work out the amount of GST for each individual taxable sale. Where the unrounded amount of GST has more decimal places than your accounting system can record, round up or down as appropriate. Then add the individual amounts and round this total to the nearest cent (rounding 0.5 cents upwards).
... | passage_a0JRF000003i0U12AI/p00391840 | 12 | 5,171 | 5,663 | |
passage_a0JRF000003i0U12AI/p00391840::13 | For more information see [GSTR 2000/37](https://www.ato.gov.au/law/view/document?docid=GST/GSTR200037/NAT/ATO/00001) *Goods and services tax: agency relationships and the application of the law*.
## Recipient-created tax invoices
In most cases, tax invoices are issued by a supplier. However, in special cases, you, as... | passage_a0JRF000003i0U12AI/p00391840 | 13 | 5,664 | 6,138 | |
passage_a0JRF000003i0U12AI/p00391840::14 | ### When you can issue an RCTI
You can issue an RCTI if:
- you and the supplier are both registered for GST at the time the RCTI is issued
- you and the supplier agree in writing that you may issue an RCTI and they won't issue a tax invoice
- the agreement is current and effective when you issue the RCTI
- the Commis... | passage_a0JRF000003i0U12AI/p00391840 | 14 | 6,140 | 6,572 | |
passage_a0JRF000003i0U12AI/p00391840::15 | Use the [Recipient Created Tax Invoice Determination 2023](https://www.ato.gov.au/law/view/view.htm?docid=%22ops%2Fli202320%2F00001%22) to find out what goods and services you can issue an RCTI for.
The determination also outlines requirements that you must include in the written agreement between you and the supplier... | passage_a0JRF000003i0U12AI/p00391840 | 15 | 6,574 | 7,047 |
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