Chunk-level Retrieval Eval
Collection
Contextualized chunk-level (query2chunk) retrieval eval for the Citras benchmark. • 19 items • Updated
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0_0 | Trade winds - wikipedia Trade winds Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the weather phenomenon . For other uses , see Tradewind . The westerlies ( blue arrows ) and trade winds ( yellow and brown arrows ) The trade winds are the prevailing pattern of easterly surface winds found in the tropics , within ... | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Trade_winds&oldid=817251427 | Trade winds | 0 | 0 | 434 |
0_1 | The trade winds blow predominantly from the northeast in the Northern Hemisphere and from the southeast in the Southern Hemisphere , strengthening during the winter and when the Arctic oscillation is in its warm phase . Trade winds have been used by captains of sailing ships to cross the world 's oceans for centuries ... | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Trade_winds&oldid=817251427 | Trade winds | 1 | 434 | 1,141 |
0_2 | Trade winds also transport African dust westward across the Atlantic Ocean into the Caribbean Sea , as well as portions of southeastern North America . Shallow cumulus clouds are seen within trade wind regimes , and are capped from becoming taller by a trade wind inversion , which is caused by descending air aloft fro... | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Trade_winds&oldid=817251427 | Trade winds | 2 | 1,141 | 1,595 |
0_3 | Contents ( hide ) 1 History 2 Cause 3 Weather effects 4 See also 5 References History ( edit ) A Spanish galleon See also : Age of Discovery , Volta do Mar , and Age of sail The term trade winds originally derives from the early fourteenth century late Middle English word ' trade , ' meaning `` path '' or `` track . '... | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Trade_winds&oldid=817251427 | Trade winds | 3 | 1,595 | 2,171 |
0_4 | From West Africa , the Portuguese had to sail away from continental Portugal , that is , to west and northwest . They could then turn northeast , to the area around the Azores islands , and finally east to mainland Europe . They also learned that to reach South Africa , they needed to go far out in the ocean , head fo... | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Trade_winds&oldid=817251427 | Trade winds | 4 | 2,171 | 2,616 |
0_5 | In the Pacific ocean , the full wind circulation , which included both the trade wind easterlies and higher - latitude Westerlies , was unknown to Europeans until Andres de Urdaneta 's voyage in 1565 . The captain of a sailing ship seeks a course along which the winds can be expected to blow in the direction of travel... | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Trade_winds&oldid=817251427 | Trade winds | 5 | 2,616 | 3,231 |
0_6 | By the 18th century the importance of the trade winds to England 's merchant fleet for crossing the Atlantic Ocean had led both the general public and etymologists to identify the name with a later meaning of ' trade ' , `` ( foreign ) commerce '' . Between 1847 and 1849 , Matthew Fontaine Maury collected enough infor... | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Trade_winds&oldid=817251427 | Trade winds | 6 | 3,231 | 3,708 |
0_7 | See also : Air mass , Hadley cell , Humidity , Intertropical Convergence Zone , Monsoon , Monsoon trough , Near - equatorial trough , and Prevailing winds As part of the Hadley cell circulation , surface air flows toward the equator while the flow aloft is towards the poles . A low - pressure area of calm , light vari... | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Trade_winds&oldid=817251427 | Trade winds | 7 | 3,708 | 4,171 |
0_8 | When located within a monsoon region , this zone of low pressure and wind convergence is also known as the monsoon trough . Around 30 ° in both hemispheres , air begins to descend toward the surface in subtropical high - pressure belts known as subtropical ridges . The subsident ( sinking ) air is relatively dry becau... | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Trade_winds&oldid=817251427 | Trade winds | 8 | 4,171 | 4,765 |
0_9 | An increase of temperature with height is known as a temperature inversion . When it occurs within a trade wind regime , it is known as a trade wind inversion . The surface air that flows from these subtropical high - pressure belts toward the Equator is deflected toward the west in both hemispheres by the Coriolis ef... | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Trade_winds&oldid=817251427 | Trade winds | 9 | 4,765 | 5,438 |
0_10 | The trade winds of both hemispheres meet at the doldrums . As they blow across tropical regions , air masses heat up over lower latitudes due to more direct sunlight . Those that develop over land ( continental ) are drier and hotter than those that develop over oceans ( maritime ) , and travel northward on the wester... | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Trade_winds&oldid=817251427 | Trade winds | 10 | 5,438 | 5,965 |
0_11 | Weather effects ( edit ) Clouds which form above regions within trade wind regimes are typically composed of cumulus which extend no more than 4 kilometres ( 13,000 ft ) in height , and are capped from being taller by the trade wind inversion . Trade winds originate more from the direction of the poles ( northeast in ... | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Trade_winds&oldid=817251427 | Trade winds | 11 | 5,965 | 6,554 |
0_12 | When the phase of the Arctic oscillation ( AO ) is warm , trade winds are stronger within the tropics . The cold phase of the AO leads to weaker trade winds . When the trade winds are weaker , more extensive areas of rain fall upon landmasses within the tropics , such as Central America . During mid-summer in the Nort... | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Trade_winds&oldid=817251427 | Trade winds | 12 | 6,554 | 7,089 |
0_13 | When dust from the Sahara moving around the southern periphery of the ridge travels over land , rainfall is suppressed and the sky changes from a blue to a white appearance which leads to an increase in red sunsets . Its presence negatively impacts air quality by adding to the count of airborne particulates . Although... | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Trade_winds&oldid=817251427 | Trade winds | 13 | 7,089 | 7,729 |
0_14 | Dust events have been linked to a decline in the health of coral reefs across the Caribbean and Florida , primarily since the 1970s . See also ( edit ) Intertropical Convergence Zone Winds in the Age of Sail Westerly wind burst Volta do mar References ( edit ) Jump up ^ Carol G. Braham ; Enid Pearsons ; Deborah M. Pos... | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Trade_winds&oldid=817251427 | Trade winds | 14 | 7,729 | 8,185 |
0_15 | ISBN 0 - 375 - 42560 - 8 . Jump up ^ Hermann R. Muelder ( 2007 ) . Years of This Land - A Geographical History of the United States . Read Books . p. 38 . ISBN 978 - 1 - 4067 - 7740 - 6 . Retrieved 2009 - 11 - 09 . ^ Jump up to : Derek Hayes ( 2001 ) . | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Trade_winds&oldid=817251427 | Trade winds | 15 | 8,185 | 8,438 |
0_16 | Historical atlas of the North Pacific Ocean : maps of discovery and scientific exploration , 1500 - 2000 . Douglas & McIntyre . p. 18 . ISBN 978 - 1 - 55054 - 865 - 5 . Retrieved 2009 - 11 - 08 . Jump up ^ Cyrus Cornelius Adams ( 1904 ) . A text - book of commercial geography . D. Appleton and company . p. 19 . Retrie... | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Trade_winds&oldid=817251427 | Trade winds | 16 | 8,438 | 8,778 |
0_17 | Jump up ^ Oxford English Dictionary ( 2 ed . ) . p. 225 . Jump up ^ Derek Hayes ( 2001 ) . Historical atlas of the North Pacific Ocean : maps of discovery and scientific exploration , 1500 - 2000 . Douglas & McIntyre . p. 152 . ISBN 978 - 1 - 55054 - 865 - 5 . Retrieved 2009 - 11 - 08 . | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Trade_winds&oldid=817251427 | Trade winds | 17 | 8,778 | 9,066 |
0_18 | ^ Jump up to : Sverre Petterssen ( 1941 ) . Introduction to Meteorology . Mcgraw - Hill Book Company , Inc. p. 110 . ISBN 978 - 1 - 4437 - 2300 - 8 . Retrieved 2009 - 11 - 09 . Jump up ^ Glossary of Meteorology ( June 2000 ) . `` Doldrums '' . American Meteorological Society . Retrieved 2009 - 11 - 09 . | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Trade_winds&oldid=817251427 | Trade winds | 18 | 9,066 | 9,371 |
0_19 | Jump up ^ Glossary of Meteorology ( June 2000 ) . `` Intertropical Convergence Zone '' . American Meteorological Society . Retrieved 2009 - 11 - 09 . Jump up ^ Glossary of Meteorology ( June 2000 ) . `` Monsoon Trough '' . American Meteorological Society . Archived from the original on 2009 - 06 - 17 . Retrieved 2009 ... | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Trade_winds&oldid=817251427 | Trade winds | 19 | 9,371 | 9,752 |
0_20 | `` Superior air '' . American Meteorological Society . Retrieved 2009 - 10 - 28 . Jump up ^ Glossary of Meteorology ( 2009 ) . `` trade winds '' . Glossary of Meteorology . American Meteorological Society . Archived from the original on 2008 - 12 - 11 . Retrieved 2008 - 09 - 08 . Jump up ^ Ralph Stockman Tarr and Fran... | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Trade_winds&oldid=817251427 | Trade winds | 20 | 9,752 | 10,155 |
0_21 | 246 . Retrieved on 2009 - 04 - 15 . Jump up ^ JetStream ( 2008 ) . `` How to read weather maps '' . National Weather Service . Retrieved 2007 - 05 - 16 . Jump up ^ Glossary of Meteorology ( June 2000 ) . `` Tropical air '' . American Meteorological Society . Retrieved 2009 - 10 - 28 . Jump up ^ Glossary of Meteorology... | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Trade_winds&oldid=817251427 | Trade winds | 21 | 10,155 | 10,509 |
0_22 | American Meteorological Society . Retrieved 2009 - 10 - 28 . Jump up ^ John E. Oliver ( 2005 ) . Encyclopedia of world climatology . Springer . p. 128 . ISBN 978 - 1 - 4020 - 3264 - 6 . Retrieved 2009 - 11 - 09 . Jump up ^ Bob Rauber ( 2009 - 05 - 22 ) . `` Research - The Rain in Cumulus over the Ocean Campaign '' . | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Trade_winds&oldid=817251427 | Trade winds | 22 | 10,509 | 10,827 |
0_23 | Retrieved 2009 - 11 - 08 . Jump up ^ James P. Terry ( 2007 ) . Tropical cyclones : climatology and impacts in the South Pacific . Springer . p. 8 . ISBN 978 - 0 - 387 - 71542 - 1 . Retrieved 2009 - 11 - 08 . Jump up ^ G.E. Pieter & F. Augustinus . `` The influence of the trade winds on the coastal development of the G... | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Trade_winds&oldid=817251427 | Trade winds | 23 | 10,827 | 11,196 |
0_24 | Marine Geology. 208 ( 2 - 4 ) : 145 -- 151 . Bibcode : 2004MGeol. 208 ... 145A . doi : 10.1016 / j. margeo. 2004.04. 007 . Jump up ^ Robert R. Steward ( 2005 ) . `` The Ocean 's Influence on North American Drought '' . Texas A&M University . Retrieved 2009 - 11 - 08 . | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Trade_winds&oldid=817251427 | Trade winds | 24 | 11,196 | 11,465 |
0_25 | Jump up ^ John E. Oliver ( 2005 ) . Encyclopedia of world climatology . Springer . p. 185 . ISBN 978 - 1 - 4020 - 3264 - 6 . Retrieved 2009 - 11 - 08 . Jump up ^ Science Daily ( 1999 - 07 - 14 ) . African Dust Called A Major Factor Affecting Southeast U.S. Air Quality . Retrieved on 2007 - 06 - 10 . | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Trade_winds&oldid=817251427 | Trade winds | 25 | 11,465 | 11,766 |
0_26 | Jump up ^ Science Daily ( 2001 - 06 - 15 ) . Microbes And The Dust They Ride In On Pose Potential Health Risks . Retrieved on 2007 - 06 - 10 . Jump up ^ Usinfo.state.gov ( 2003 ) . Study Says African Dust Affects Climate in U.S. , Caribbean . Archived 2007 - 06 - 20 at the Wayback Machine . Retrieved on 2007 - 06 - 10... | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Trade_winds&oldid=817251427 | Trade winds | 26 | 11,766 | 12,088 |
0_27 | Jump up ^ U.S. Geological Survey ( 2006 ) . Coral Mortality and African Dust . Retrieved on 2007 - 06 - 10 . | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Trade_winds&oldid=817251427 | Trade winds | 27 | 12,088 | 12,197 |
0_28 | Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trade_winds&oldid=817251427 '' Categories : Climate patterns Atmospheric dynamics Wind Age of Sail Hidden categories : Webarchive template wayback links Good articles Talk Contents About Wikipedia Azərbaycanca Bân - lâm - gú Беларуская Български Català Češti... | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Trade_winds&oldid=817251427 | Trade winds | 28 | 12,197 | 12,696 |
0_29 | ша Kreyòl ayisyen Latina Latviešu Lietuvių Limburgs Magyar മലയാളം Bahasa Melayu မြန်မာဘာသာ Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Norsk nynorsk Occitan Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча Polski Português Română Русский Shqip Slovenčina Slovenščina Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska தமிழ் ไทย Türkçe Українська Tiếng Việt 粵語 ... | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Trade_winds&oldid=817251427 | Trade winds | 29 | 12,696 | 13,072 |
0_30 | 017 , at 05 : 08 . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Trade_winds&oldid=817251427 | Trade winds | 30 | 13,072 | 13,390 |
1_0 | List of Nobel laureates in Physics - wikipedia List of Nobel laureates in Physics Jump to : navigation , search Front side ( obverse ) of the Nobel Prize Medal for Physics presented to Edward Victor Appleton in 1947 The Nobel Prize in Physics ( Swedish : Nobelpriset i fysik ) is awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Ac... | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Physics&oldid=838175212 | List of Nobel laureates in Physics | 0 | 0 | 540 |
1_1 | As dictated by Nobel 's will , the award is administered by the Nobel Foundation and awarded by a committee that consists of five members elected by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences . The award is presented in Stockholm at an annual ceremony on December 10 , the anniversary of Nobel 's death . Each recipient rece... | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Physics&oldid=838175212 | List of Nobel laureates in Physics | 1 | 540 | 950 |
1_2 | Contents ( hide ) 1 Statistics 2 Laureates 3 See also 4 References 4.1 Notes 4.2 Citations 4.3 Sources 5 External links Statistics ( edit ) The first Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded in 1901 to Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen , of Germany , who received 150,782 SEK , which is equal to 7,731,004 SEK in December 2007 . John Ba... | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Physics&oldid=838175212 | List of Nobel laureates in Physics | 2 | 950 | 1,341 |
1_3 | Maria Skłodowska - Curie also won two Nobel Prizes , for physics in 1903 and chemistry in 1911 . William Lawrence Bragg was , until October 2014 , the youngest ever Nobel laureate ; he won the prize in 1915 at the age of 25 . Two women have won the prize : Curie and Maria Goeppert - Mayer ( 1963 ) . As of 2017 , the p... | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Physics&oldid=838175212 | List of Nobel laureates in Physics | 3 | 1,341 | 1,703 |
1_4 | There have been six years in which the Nobel Prize in Physics was not awarded ( 1916 , 1931 , 1934 , 1940 -- 1942 ) . | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Physics&oldid=838175212 | List of Nobel laureates in Physics | 4 | 1,703 | 1,821 |
1_5 | Laureates ( edit ) Year Laureate Country Rationale 1901 Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen Germany `` in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the remarkable rays subsequently named after him '' 1902 Hendrik Lorentz Netherlands `` in recognition of the extraordinary service they rendered by... | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Physics&oldid=838175212 | List of Nobel laureates in Physics | 5 | 1,821 | 2,465 |
1_6 | owska - Curie Poland France 1904 Lord Rayleigh United Kingdom `` for his investigations of the densities of the most important gases and for his discovery of argon in connection with these studies '' 1905 Philipp Eduard Anton von Lenard Austria - Hungary Germany `` for his work on cathode rays '' 1906 Joseph John Thoms... | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Physics&oldid=838175212 | List of Nobel laureates in Physics | 6 | 2,465 | 3,082 |
1_7 | 8 Gabriel Lippmann France `` for his method of reproducing colours photographically based on the phenomenon of interference '' 1909 Guglielmo Marconi Italy `` for their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy '' Karl Ferdinand Braun Germany 1910 Johannes Diderik van der Waals Netherlands `` for his work... | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Physics&oldid=838175212 | List of Nobel laureates in Physics | 7 | 3,082 | 3,676 |
1_8 | ulators in lighthouses and buoys '' 1913 Heike Kamerlingh - Onnes Netherlands `` for his investigations on the properties of matter at low temperatures which led , inter alia , to the production of liquid helium '' 1914 Max von Laue Germany `` For his discovery of the diffraction of X-rays by crystals '' , an important... | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Physics&oldid=838175212 | List of Nobel laureates in Physics | 8 | 3,676 | 4,044 |
1_9 | 1915 William Henry Bragg United Kingdom `` For their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays '' , an important step in the development of X-ray crystallography William Lawrence Bragg Australia United Kingdom 1916 Not awarded World War I 1917 Charles Glover Barkla United Kingdom `` For his disc... | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Physics&oldid=838175212 | List of Nobel laureates in Physics | 9 | 4,044 | 4,621 |
1_10 | 9 Johannes Stark Germany `` for his discovery of the Doppler effect in canal rays and the splitting of spectral lines in electric fields '' 1920 Charles Édouard Guillaume Switzerland `` for the service he has rendered to precision measurements in physics by his discovery of anomalies in nickel - steel alloys '' 1921 Al... | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Physics&oldid=838175212 | List of Nobel laureates in Physics | 10 | 4,621 | 5,249 |
1_11 | Millikan United States `` for his work on the elementary charge of electricity and on the photoelectric effect '' 1924 Manne Siegbahn Sweden `` for his discoveries and research in the field of X-ray spectroscopy '' 1925 James Franck Germany `` for their discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an... | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Physics&oldid=838175212 | List of Nobel laureates in Physics | 11 | 5,249 | 5,823 |
1_12 | effect named after him '' Charles Thomson Rees Wilson United Kingdom `` for his method of making the paths of electrically charged particles visible by condensation of vapour '' 1928 Owen Willans Richardson United Kingdom `` for his work on the thermionic phenomenon and especially for the discovery of the law named af... | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Physics&oldid=838175212 | List of Nobel laureates in Physics | 12 | 5,823 | 6,405 |
1_13 | '' 1931 Not awarded 1932 Werner Heisenberg Germany `` for the creation of quantum mechanics , the application of which has , inter alia , led to the discovery of the allotropic forms of hydrogen '' 1933 Erwin Schrödinger Austria `` for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory '' Paul Dirac United Kingdom... | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Physics&oldid=838175212 | List of Nobel laureates in Physics | 13 | 6,405 | 6,951 |
1_14 | the positron '' 1937 Clinton Joseph Davisson United States `` for their experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals '' George Paget Thomson United Kingdom 1938 Enrico Fermi Italy `` for his demonstrations of the existence of new radioactive elements produced by neutron irradiation , and for his ... | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Physics&oldid=838175212 | List of Nobel laureates in Physics | 14 | 6,951 | 7,581 |
1_15 | War II 1942 Not awarded World War II 1943 Otto Stern United States `` for his contribution to the development of the molecular ray method and his discovery of the magnetic moment of the proton '' 1944 Isidor Isaac Rabi United States Poland `` for his resonance method for recording the magnetic properties of atomic nuc... | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Physics&oldid=838175212 | List of Nobel laureates in Physics | 15 | 7,581 | 8,170 |
1_16 | there within the field of high pressure physics '' 1947 Edward Victor Appleton United Kingdom `` for his investigations of the physics of the upper atmosphere especially for the discovery of the so - called Appleton layer '' 1948 Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett United Kingdom `` for his development of the Wilson cloud... | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Physics&oldid=838175212 | List of Nobel laureates in Physics | 16 | 8,170 | 8,787 |
1_17 | the photographic method of studying nuclear processes and his discoveries regarding mesons made with this method '' 1951 John Douglas Cockcroft United Kingdom `` for their pioneer work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles '' Ernest Thomas Sinton Walton Ireland 1952 Felix B... | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Physics&oldid=838175212 | List of Nobel laureates in Physics | 17 | 8,787 | 9,465 |
1_18 | West Germany `` for his fundamental research in quantum mechanics , especially for his statistical interpretation of the wavefunction '' Walther Bothe West Germany `` for the coincidence method and his discoveries made therewith '' 1955 Willis Eugene Lamb United States `` for his discoveries concerning the fine struct... | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Physics&oldid=838175212 | List of Nobel laureates in Physics | 18 | 9,465 | 10,132 |
1_19 | 57 Tsung - Dao Lee Republic of China `` for their penetrating investigation of the so - called parity laws which has led to important discoveries regarding the elementary particles '' Chen Ning Yang Republic of China 1958 Pavel Alekseyevich Cherenkov Soviet Union `` for the discovery and the interpretation of the Chere... | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Physics&oldid=838175212 | List of Nobel laureates in Physics | 19 | 10,132 | 10,695 |
1_20 | invention of the bubble chamber '' 1961 Robert Hofstadter United States `` for his pioneering studies of electron scattering in atomic nuclei and for his thereby achieved discoveries concerning the structure of the nucleons '' Rudolf Ludwig Mössbauer West Germany `` for his researches concerning the resonance absorpti... | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Physics&oldid=838175212 | List of Nobel laureates in Physics | 20 | 10,695 | 11,371 |
1_21 | particularly through the discovery and application of fundamental symmetry principles '' Maria Goeppert - Mayer United States `` for their discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure '' J. Hans D. Jensen West Germany 1964 Nicolay Gennadiyevich Basov Soviet Union `` for fundamental work in the field of quantum elect... | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Physics&oldid=838175212 | List of Nobel laureates in Physics | 21 | 11,371 | 11,992 |
1_22 | - ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles '' Julian Schwinger United States Shin'ichirō Tomonaga Japan 1966 Alfred Kastler France `` for the discovery and development of optical methods for studying Hertzian resonances in atoms '' 1967 Hans Albrecht Bethe United States `` for his contributions t... | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Physics&oldid=838175212 | List of Nobel laureates in Physics | 22 | 11,992 | 12,648 |
1_23 | of using hydrogen bubble chamber and data analysis '' 1969 Murray Gell - Mann United States `` for his contributions and discoveries concerning the classification of elementary particles and their interactions '' 1970 Hannes Olof Gösta Alfvén Sweden `` for fundamental work and discoveries in magneto - hydrodynamics wi... | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Physics&oldid=838175212 | List of Nobel laureates in Physics | 23 | 12,648 | 13,297 |
1_24 | raphic method '' 1972 John Bardeen United States `` for their jointly developed theory of superconductivity , usually called the BCS - theory '' Leon Neil Cooper United States John Robert Schrieffer United States 1973 Leo Esaki Japan `` for their experimental discoveries regarding tunneling phenomena in semiconductors ... | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Physics&oldid=838175212 | List of Nobel laureates in Physics | 24 | 13,297 | 13,966 |
1_25 | in radio astrophysics : Ryle for his observations and inventions , in particular of the aperture synthesis technique , and Hewish for his decisive role in the discovery of pulsars '' Antony Hewish United Kingdom Aage Bohr Denmark `` for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in a... | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Physics&oldid=838175212 | List of Nobel laureates in Physics | 25 | 13,966 | 14,627 |
1_26 | 77 Philip Warren Anderson United States `` for their fundamental theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems '' Nevill Francis Mott United Kingdom John Hasbrouck Van Vleck United States 1978 Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa Soviet Union `` for his basic inventions and discoveries ... | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Physics&oldid=838175212 | List of Nobel laureates in Physics | 26 | 14,627 | 15,301 |
1_27 | inter alia , the prediction of the weak neutral current '' Abdus Salam Pakistan Steven Weinberg United States 1980 James Watson Cronin United States `` for the discovery of violations of fundamental symmetry principles in the decay of neutral K - mesons '' Val Logsdon Fitch United States 1981 Nicolaas Bloembergen Neth... | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Physics&oldid=838175212 | List of Nobel laureates in Physics | 27 | 15,301 | 15,911 |
1_28 | for his theory for critical phenomena in connection with phase transitions '' Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar India United States `` for his theoretical studies of the physical processes of importance to the structure and evolution of the stars '' William Alfred Fowler United States `` for his theoretical and experimental ... | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Physics&oldid=838175212 | List of Nobel laureates in Physics | 28 | 15,911 | 16,589 |
1_29 | for the discovery of the quantized Hall effect '' 1986 Ernst Ruska West Germany `` for his fundamental work in electron optics , and for the design of the first electron microscope '' Gerd Binnig West Germany `` for their design of the scanning tunneling microscope '' Heinrich Rohrer Switzerland Johannes Georg Bednorz... | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Physics&oldid=838175212 | List of Nobel laureates in Physics | 29 | 16,589 | 17,228 |
1_30 | ino '' Melvin Schwartz United States Jack Steinberger United States 1989 Norman Foster Ramsey United States `` for the invention of the separated oscillatory fields method and its use in the hydrogen maser and other atomic clocks '' Hans Georg Dehmelt United States Germany `` for the development of the ion trap techniq... | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Physics&oldid=838175212 | List of Nobel laureates in Physics | 30 | 17,228 | 17,899 |
1_31 | 1991 Pierre - Gilles de Gennes France `` for discovering that methods developed for studying order phenomena in simple systems can be generalized to more complex forms of matter , in particular to liquid crystals and polymers '' 1992 Georges Charpak France Poland `` for his invention and development of particle detecto... | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Physics&oldid=838175212 | List of Nobel laureates in Physics | 31 | 17,899 | 18,469 |
1_32 | United States 1994 Bertram Brockhouse Canada `` for the development of neutron spectroscopy '' and `` for pioneering contributions to the development of neutron scattering techniques for studies of condensed matter '' Clifford Glenwood Shull United States `` for the development of the neutron diffraction technique '' ... | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Physics&oldid=838175212 | List of Nobel laureates in Physics | 32 | 18,469 | 19,186 |
1_33 | pton physics '' David Morris Lee United States `` for their discovery of superfluidity in helium - 3 '' Douglas D. Osheroff United States Robert Coleman Richardson United States 1997 Steven Chu United States `` for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light . '' | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Physics&oldid=838175212 | List of Nobel laureates in Physics | 33 | 19,186 | 19,468 |
1_34 | Claude Cohen - Tannoudji France William Daniel Phillips United States 1998 Robert B. Laughlin United States `` for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations '' Horst Ludwig Störmer Germany Daniel Chee Tsui Republic of China United States 1999 Gerard ' t Hooft Netherlands `` f... | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Physics&oldid=838175212 | List of Nobel laureates in Physics | 34 | 19,468 | 19,880 |
1_35 | Veltman Netherlands 2000 Zhores Ivanovich Alferov Russia `` for developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high - speed - and optoelectronics '' Herbert Kroemer Germany Jack St. Clair Kilby United States `` for his part in the invention of the integrated circuit '' 2001 Eric Allin Cornell United States `` for t... | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Physics&oldid=838175212 | List of Nobel laureates in Physics | 35 | 19,880 | 20,439 |
1_36 | United States `` for pioneering contributions to astrophysics , in particular for the detection of cosmic neutrinos '' Masatoshi Koshiba Japan Riccardo Giacconi Italy United States `` for pioneering contributions to astrophysics , which have led to the discovery of cosmic X-ray sources '' 2003 Alexei Alexeyevich Abrik... | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Physics&oldid=838175212 | List of Nobel laureates in Physics | 36 | 20,439 | 20,962 |
1_37 | Gross United States `` for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction '' Hugh David Politzer United States Frank Wilczek United States 2005 Roy J. Glauber United States `` for his contribution to the quantum theory of optical coherence '' John L. Hall United States `` for their contrib... | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Physics&oldid=838175212 | List of Nobel laureates in Physics | 37 | 20,962 | 21,580 |
1_38 | oot United States 2007 Albert Fert France `` for the discovery of giant magnetoresistance '' Peter Grünberg Germany 2008 Makoto Kobayashi Japan `` for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature '' Toshihide Maskawa Japan Yoichiro Nambu ... | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Physics&oldid=838175212 | List of Nobel laureates in Physics | 38 | 21,580 | 22,206 |
1_39 | United States `` for the invention of an imaging semiconductor circuit -- the CCD sensor '' George E. Smith United States Andre Geim Russia United Kingdom Netherlands `` for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two - dimensional material graphene '' Konstantin Novoselov Russia United Kingdom 2011 Saul Perlmutter U... | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Physics&oldid=838175212 | List of Nobel laureates in Physics | 39 | 22,206 | 22,866 |
1_40 | David J. Wineland United States 2013 François Englert Belgium `` for the theoretical discovery of a mechanism that contributes to our understanding of the origin of mass of subatomic particles , and which recently was confirmed through the discovery of the predicted fundamental particle , by the ATLAS and CMS experime... | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Physics&oldid=838175212 | List of Nobel laureates in Physics | 40 | 22,866 | 23,473 |
1_41 | aki Kajita Japan `` for the discovery of neutrino oscillations , which shows that neutrinos have mass '' Arthur B. McDonald Canada 2016 David J. Thouless United Kingdom United States `` for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter '' F. Duncan M. Haldane United Kingdom U... | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Physics&oldid=838175212 | List of Nobel laureates in Physics | 41 | 23,473 | 24,084 |
1_42 | List of Nobel laureates by country List of physicists References ( edit ) Notes ( edit ) ^ A . The form and spelling of the names in the name column is according to nobelprize.org , the official website of the Nobel Foundation . Alternative spellings and name forms , where they exist , are given at the articles linked... | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Physics&oldid=838175212 | List of Nobel laureates in Physics | 42 | 24,084 | 24,612 |
1_43 | The information in the country column is according to nobelprize.org , the official website of the Nobel Foundation . This information may not necessarily reflect the recipient 's birthplace or citizenship . ^ C. The citation for each award is quoted ( not always in full ) from nobelprize.org , the official website of... | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Physics&oldid=838175212 | List of Nobel laureates in Physics | 43 | 24,612 | 25,155 |
1_44 | For a full account of the work done by each Nobel laureate , please see the biography articles linked from the name column . Citations ( edit ) Jump up ^ `` Alfred Nobel -- The Man Behind the Nobel Prize '' . Nobel Foundation . Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 29 . Jump up ^ `` The Nobel Prize Awarders '' . Nobel Foundation . Ar... | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Physics&oldid=838175212 | List of Nobel laureates in Physics | 44 | 25,155 | 25,616 |
1_45 | Archived from the original on 2008 - 08 - 22 . Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 29 . Jump up ^ `` The Nobel Prize '' . Nobel Foundation . Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 29 . Jump up ^ `` Nobel Laureates Facts '' . Nobel Foundation . Archived from the original on 2007 - 02 - 02 . Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 29 . Jump up ^ `` Women Nobel Laureat... | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Physics&oldid=838175212 | List of Nobel laureates in Physics | 45 | 25,616 | 25,962 |
1_46 | Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 29 . Jump up ^ `` The Nobel Prize in Physics 1901 '' . Nobel Foundation . Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 09 . Jump up ^ `` The Nobel Prize in Physics 1902 '' . Nobel Foundation . Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 09 . ^ Jump up to : `` The Nobel Prize in Physics 1903 '' . Nobel Foundation . Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 09 . | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Physics&oldid=838175212 | List of Nobel laureates in Physics | 46 | 25,962 | 26,282 |
1_47 | Jump up ^ `` The Nobel Prize in Physics 1904 '' . Nobel Foundation . Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 09 . Jump up ^ `` The Nobel Prize in Physics 1905 '' . Nobel Foundation . Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 09 . Jump up ^ `` The Nobel Prize in Physics 1906 '' . Nobel Foundation . Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 09 . Jump up ^ `` The Nobel Prize in... | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Physics&oldid=838175212 | List of Nobel laureates in Physics | 47 | 26,282 | 26,639 |
1_48 | Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 09 . Jump up ^ `` The Nobel Prize in Physics 1908 '' . Nobel Foundation . Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 09 . Jump up ^ `` The Nobel Prize in Physics 1909 '' . Nobel Foundation . Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 09 . Jump up ^ `` The Nobel Prize in Physics 1910 '' . Nobel Foundation . Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 09 . | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Physics&oldid=838175212 | List of Nobel laureates in Physics | 48 | 26,639 | 26,954 |
1_49 | Jump up ^ `` The Nobel Prize in Physics 1911 '' . Nobel Foundation . Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 09 . Jump up ^ `` The Nobel Prize in Physics 1912 '' . Nobel Foundation . Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 09 . Jump up ^ `` The Nobel Prize in Physics 1913 '' . Nobel Foundation . Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 09 . Jump up ^ `` The Nobel Prize in... | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Physics&oldid=838175212 | List of Nobel laureates in Physics | 49 | 26,954 | 27,311 |
1_50 | Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 09 . Jump up ^ `` The Nobel Prize in Physics 1915 '' . Nobel Foundation . Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 09 . Jump up ^ `` The Nobel Prize in Physics 1917 '' . Nobel Foundation . Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 09 . Jump up ^ `` The Nobel Prize in Physics 1918 '' . Nobel Foundation . Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 09 . | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Physics&oldid=838175212 | List of Nobel laureates in Physics | 50 | 27,311 | 27,626 |
1_51 | Jump up ^ `` The Nobel Prize in Physics 1919 '' . Nobel Foundation . Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 09 . Jump up ^ `` The Nobel Prize in Physics 1920 '' . Nobel Foundation . Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 09 . Jump up ^ `` The Nobel Prize in Physics 1921 '' . Nobel Foundation . Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 09 . Jump up ^ `` The Nobel Prize in... | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Physics&oldid=838175212 | List of Nobel laureates in Physics | 51 | 27,626 | 27,983 |
1_52 | Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 09 . Jump up ^ `` The Nobel Prize in Physics 1923 '' . Nobel Foundation . Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 09 . Jump up ^ `` The Nobel Prize in Physics 1924 '' . Nobel Foundation . Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 09 . Jump up ^ `` The Nobel Prize in Physics 1925 '' . Nobel Foundation . Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 09 . | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Physics&oldid=838175212 | List of Nobel laureates in Physics | 52 | 27,983 | 28,298 |
1_53 | Jump up ^ `` The Nobel Prize in Physics 1926 '' . Nobel Foundation . Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 09 . ^ Jump up to : `` The Nobel Prize in Physics 1927 '' . Nobel Foundation . Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 09 . Jump up ^ `` The Nobel Prize in Physics 1928 '' . Nobel Foundation . Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 09 . Jump up ^ `` The Nobel Pri... | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Physics&oldid=838175212 | List of Nobel laureates in Physics | 53 | 28,298 | 28,660 |
1_54 | Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 09 . Jump up ^ `` The Nobel Prize in Physics 1930 '' . Nobel Foundation . Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 09 . Jump up ^ `` The Nobel Prize in Physics 1932 '' . Nobel Foundation . Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 09 . Jump up ^ `` The Nobel Prize in Physics 1933 '' . Nobel Foundation . Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 09 . | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Physics&oldid=838175212 | List of Nobel laureates in Physics | 54 | 28,660 | 28,975 |
1_55 | Jump up ^ `` The Nobel Prize in Physics 1935 '' . Nobel Foundation . Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 09 . ^ Jump up to : `` The Nobel Prize in Physics 1936 '' . Nobel Foundation . Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 09 . Jump up ^ `` The Nobel Prize in Physics 1937 '' . Nobel Foundation . Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 09 . Jump up ^ `` The Nobel Pri... | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Physics&oldid=838175212 | List of Nobel laureates in Physics | 55 | 28,975 | 29,337 |
1_56 | Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 09 . Jump up ^ `` The Nobel Prize in Physics 1939 '' . Nobel Foundation . Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 09 . Jump up ^ `` The Nobel Prize in Physics 1943 '' . Nobel Foundation . Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 09 . Jump up ^ `` The Nobel Prize in Physics 1944 '' . Nobel Foundation . Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 09 . | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Physics&oldid=838175212 | List of Nobel laureates in Physics | 56 | 29,337 | 29,652 |
1_57 | Jump up ^ `` The Nobel Prize in Physics 1945 '' . Nobel Foundation . Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 09 . Jump up ^ `` The Nobel Prize in Physics 1946 '' . Nobel Foundation . Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 09 . Jump up ^ `` The Nobel Prize in Physics 1947 '' . Nobel Foundation . Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 09 . Jump up ^ `` The Nobel Prize in... | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Physics&oldid=838175212 | List of Nobel laureates in Physics | 57 | 29,652 | 30,009 |
1_58 | Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 09 . Jump up ^ `` The Nobel Prize in Physics 1949 '' . Nobel Foundation . Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 09 . Jump up ^ `` The Nobel Prize in Physics 1950 '' . Nobel Foundation . Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 09 . Jump up ^ `` The Nobel Prize in Physics 1951 '' . Nobel Foundation . Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 09 . | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Physics&oldid=838175212 | List of Nobel laureates in Physics | 58 | 30,009 | 30,324 |
1_59 | Jump up ^ `` The Nobel Prize in Physics 1952 '' . Nobel Foundation . Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 09 . Jump up ^ `` The Nobel Prize in Physics 1953 '' . Nobel Foundation . Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 09 . ^ Jump up to : `` The Nobel Prize in Physics 1954 '' . Nobel Foundation . Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 09 . ^ Jump up to : `` The Nobe... | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Physics&oldid=838175212 | List of Nobel laureates in Physics | 59 | 30,324 | 30,691 |
1_60 | Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 09 . Jump up ^ `` The Nobel Prize in Physics 1956 '' . Nobel Foundation . Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 09 . Jump up ^ `` The Nobel Prize in Physics 1957 '' . Nobel Foundation . Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 09 . Jump up ^ `` The Nobel Prize in Physics 1958 '' . Nobel Foundation . Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 09 . | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Physics&oldid=838175212 | List of Nobel laureates in Physics | 60 | 30,691 | 31,006 |
1_61 | Jump up ^ `` The Nobel Prize in Physics 1959 '' . Nobel Foundation . Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 09 . Jump up ^ `` The Nobel Prize in Physics 1960 '' . Nobel Foundation . Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 09 . ^ Jump up to : `` The Nobel Prize in Physics 1961 '' . Nobel Foundation . Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 09 . Jump up ^ `` The Nobel Pri... | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Physics&oldid=838175212 | List of Nobel laureates in Physics | 61 | 31,006 | 31,368 |
1_62 | Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 09 . ^ Jump up to : `` The Nobel Prize in Physics 1963 '' . Nobel Foundation . Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 09 . Jump up ^ `` The Nobel Prize in Physics 1964 '' . Nobel Foundation . Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 09 . Jump up ^ `` The Nobel Prize in Physics 1965 '' . Nobel Foundation . Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 09 . | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Physics&oldid=838175212 | List of Nobel laureates in Physics | 62 | 31,368 | 31,688 |
1_63 | Jump up ^ `` The Nobel Prize in Physics 1966 '' . Nobel Foundation . Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 09 . Jump up ^ `` The Nobel Prize in Physics 1967 '' . Nobel Foundation . Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 09 . Jump up ^ `` The Nobel Prize in Physics 1968 '' . Nobel Foundation . Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 09 . Jump up ^ `` The Nobel Prize in... | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Physics&oldid=838175212 | List of Nobel laureates in Physics | 63 | 31,688 | 32,045 |
1_64 | Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 09 . ^ Jump up to : `` The Nobel Prize in Physics 1970 '' . Nobel Foundation . Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 09 . Jump up ^ `` The Nobel Prize in Physics 1971 '' . Nobel Foundation . Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 09 . Jump up ^ `` The Nobel Prize in Physics 1972 '' . Nobel Foundation . Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 09 . | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Physics&oldid=838175212 | List of Nobel laureates in Physics | 64 | 32,045 | 32,365 |
1_65 | ^ Jump up to : `` The Nobel Prize in Physics 1973 '' . Nobel Foundation . Archived from the original on 2011 - 06 - 27 . Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 09 . Jump up ^ `` The Nobel Prize in Physics 1974 '' . Nobel Foundation . Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 09 . Jump up ^ `` The Nobel Prize in Physics 1975 '' . Nobel Foundation . Retrie... | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Physics&oldid=838175212 | List of Nobel laureates in Physics | 65 | 32,365 | 32,705 |
1_66 | Jump up ^ `` The Nobel Prize in Physics 1976 '' . Nobel Foundation . Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 09 . Jump up ^ `` The Nobel Prize in Physics 1977 '' . Nobel Foundation . Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 09 . ^ Jump up to : `` The Nobel Prize in Physics 1978 '' . Nobel Foundation . Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 09 . Jump up ^ `` The Nobel Pri... | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Physics&oldid=838175212 | List of Nobel laureates in Physics | 66 | 32,705 | 33,067 |
1_67 | Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 09 . Jump up ^ `` The Nobel Prize in Physics 1980 '' . Nobel Foundation . Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 09 . ^ Jump up to : `` The Nobel Prize in Physics 1981 '' . Nobel Foundation . Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 09 . Jump up ^ `` The Nobel Prize in Physics 1982 '' . Nobel Foundation . Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 09 . | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Physics&oldid=838175212 | List of Nobel laureates in Physics | 67 | 33,067 | 33,387 |
1_68 | ^ Jump up to : `` The Nobel Prize in Physics 1983 '' . Nobel Foundation . Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 09 . Jump up ^ `` The Nobel Prize in Physics 1984 '' . Nobel Foundation . Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 09 . Jump up ^ `` The Nobel Prize in Physics 1985 '' . Nobel Foundation . Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 09 . ^ Jump up to : `` The Nobe... | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Physics&oldid=838175212 | List of Nobel laureates in Physics | 68 | 33,387 | 33,754 |
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