gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 395
values | context stringlengths 151 1.42k | question stringlengths 14 164 | target stringlengths 14 164 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict | prompt stringlengths 485 1.76k | input_ids listlengths 362 507 | attention_mask listlengths 362 507 | answers_generated stringlengths 1 280 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-77268 | 5a29a13c03c0e7001a3e188a | United_Nations_Population_Fund | In January 2009 President Barack Obama restored US funding to UNFPA, saying in a public statement that he would "look forward to working with Congress to restore US financial support for the UN Population Fund. By resuming funding to UNFPA, the US will be joining 180 other donor nations working collaboratively to reduc... | What program funded in 2009 does not help women? | What program funded in 2009 does not help women? | [
"What program funded in 2009 does not help women?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: In January 2009 President Barack Obama restored US fund... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-100677 | 572e90dccb0c0d14000f12b3 | Post-punk | Weeks after ending the Sex Pistols, Lydon formed the experimental group Public Image Ltd and declared the project to be "anti music of any kind". Public Image and other acts such as the Pop Group and the Slits had begun experimenting with dance music, dub production techniques and the avant-garde, while punk-indebted M... | What group declared itself to be anti-music of any kind? | What group declared itself to be anti-music of any kind? | [
"What group declared itself to be anti-music of any kind?"
] | {
"text": [
"Public Image Ltd"
],
"answer_start": [
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]
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: Weeks after ending the Sex Pistols, Lydon formed the ex... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-1386 | 57313c1205b4da19006bcf03 | Mosaic | Bronze age pebble mosaics have been found at Tiryns; mosaics of the 4th century BC are found in the Macedonian palace-city of Aegae, and the 4th-century BC mosaic of The Beauty of Durrës discovered in Durrës, Albania in 1916, is an early figural example; the Greek figural style was mostly formed in the 3rd century BC. ... | The Beauty of Durres is in what country? | The Beauty of Durres is in what country? | [
"The Beauty of Durres is in what country?"
] | {
"text": [
"Albania"
],
"answer_start": [
209
]
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: Bronze age pebble mosaics have been found at Tiryns; mo... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-67256 | 570993c9ed30961900e84355 | Animal | Among the other phyla, the Ctenophora and the Cnidaria, which includes sea anemones, corals, and jellyfish, are radially symmetric and have digestive chambers with a single opening, which serves as both the mouth and the anus. Both have distinct tissues, but they are not organized into organs. There are only two main g... | The digestive chambers of the Ctenophora and the Cnidaria serve as what? | The digestive chambers of the Ctenophora and the Cnidaria serve as what? | [
"The digestive chambers of the Ctenophora and the Cnidaria serve as what?"
] | {
"text": [
"both the mouth and the anus"
],
"answer_start": [
198
]
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: Among the other phyla, the Ctenophora and the Cnidaria,... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-13968 | 5a835a15e60761001a2eb609 | BBC_Television | In March 2003 the BBC announced that from the end of May 2003 (subsequently deferred to 14 July) it intended to transmit all eight of its domestic television channels (including the 15 regional variations of BBC 1) unencrypted from the Astra 2D satellite. This move was estimated to save the BBC £85 million over the nex... | When did the switch to the Astra 2D satellite begin? | When did the switch to the Astra 2D satellite begin? | [
"When did the switch to the Astra 2D satellite begin?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: In March 2003 the BBC announced that from the end of Ma... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-35414 | 5726b3bc708984140094ce3e | Gothic_architecture | Contrary to the diffusionist theory, it appears that there was simultaneously a structural evolution towards the pointed arch, for the purpose of vaulting spaces of irregular plan, or to bring transverse vaults to the same height as diagonal vaults. This latter occurs at Durham Cathedral in the nave aisles in 1093. Poi... | When semicircular arches overlap each other, what type of design is accidentally created? | When semicircular arches overlap each other, what type of design is accidentally created? | [
"When semicircular arches overlap each other, what type of design is accidentally created?"
] | {
"text": [
"points"
],
"answer_start": [
482
]
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: Contrary to the diffusionist theory, it appears that th... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-39261 | 573249980fdd8d15006c6905 | Protestantism | In America, Episcopalian Dennis Bennett is sometimes cited as one of the charismatic movement's seminal influence. In the United Kingdom, Colin Urquhart, Michael Harper, David Watson and others were in the vanguard of similar developments. The Massey conference in New Zealand, 1964 was attended by several Anglicans, in... | What American is considered to have been a seminal influence in the charismatic movement? | What American is considered to have been a seminal influence in the charismatic movement? | [
"What American is considered to have been a seminal influence in the charismatic movement?"
] | {
"text": [
"Dennis Bennett"
],
"answer_start": [
25
]
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: In America, Episcopalian Dennis Bennett is sometimes ci... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-108429 | 5acd2f5307355d001abf383e | Aspirated_consonant | The other Ancient Greek dialects, Ionic, Doric, Aeolic, and Arcadocypriot, likely had the same three-way distinction at one point, but Doric seems to have had a fricative in place of /tʰ/ in the Classical period, and the Ionic and Aeolic dialects sometimes lost aspiration (psilosis). | What ancient dialects had the same two-way distinction at one point? | What ancient dialects had the same two-way distinction at one point? | [
"What ancient dialects had the same two-way distinction at one point?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: The other Ancient Greek dialects, Ionic, Doric, Aeolic,... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-34193 | 57293d8b3f37b31900478174 | Alaska | Alaska regularly supports Republicans in presidential elections and has done so since statehood. Republicans have won the state's electoral college votes in all but one election that it has participated in (1964). No state has voted for a Democratic presidential candidate fewer times. Alaska was carried by Democratic n... | How many elections have Democrats won in Alaska? | How many elections have Democrats won in Alaska? | [
"How many elections have Democrats won in Alaska?"
] | {
"text": [
"one"
],
"answer_start": [
165
]
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: Alaska regularly supports Republicans in presidential e... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-50071 | 56fc3bd800a8df1900403816 | Phonology | Government phonology, which originated in the early 1980s as an attempt to unify theoretical notions of syntactic and phonological structures, is based on the notion that all languages necessarily follow a small set of principles and vary according to their selection of certain binary parameters. That is, all languages... | When was Government phonology first seen? | When was Government phonology first seen? | [
"When was Government phonology first seen?"
] | {
"text": [
"the early 1980s"
],
"answer_start": [
42
]
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: Government phonology, which originated in the early 198... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-41193 | 573176cae6313a140071cf6b | Egypt | Cairo University is ranked as 401-500 according to the Academic Ranking of World Universities (Shanghai Ranking) and 551-600 according to QS World University Rankings. American University in Cairo is ranked as 360 according to QS World University Rankings and Al-Azhar University, Alexandria University and Ain Shams Uni... | According to QS World University Rankings, where does American University in Cairo rank? | According to QS World University Rankings, where does American University in Cairo rank? | [
"According to QS World University Rankings, where does American University in Cairo rank?"
] | {
"text": [
"360"
],
"answer_start": [
210
]
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: Cairo University is ranked as 401-500 according to the ... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-67150 | 57270821708984140094d8d3 | Nutrition | An example of a state initiative to promote nutrition literacy is Smart Bodies, a public-private partnership between the state’s largest university system and largest health insurer, Louisiana State Agricultural Center and Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Louisiana Foundation. Launched in 2005, this program promotes lifel... | The Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Louisiana Foundation joined together with which University to help develop Smart Bodies? | The Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Louisiana Foundation joined together with which University to help develop Smart Bodies? | [
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183
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} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: An example of a state initiative to promote nutrition l... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-94219 | 5a7e580c70df9f001a87579b | Cork_(city) | Cork features architecturally notable buildings originating from the Medieval to Modern periods. The only notable remnant of the Medieval era is the Red Abbey. There are two cathedrals in the city; St. Mary's Cathedral and Saint Fin Barre's Cathedral. St Mary's Cathedral, often referred to as the North Cathedral, is th... | When did work end on the Red Abbey under the direction of William Burges? | When did work end on the Red Abbey under the direction of William Burges? | [
"When did work end on the Red Abbey under the direction of William Burges?"
] | {
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} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: Cork features architecturally notable buildings origina... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-98940 | 56de73eb4396321400ee2934 | Heresy | Immanuel Velikovsky is an example of a recent scientific exoheretic; he did not have appropriate scientific credentials or did not publish in scientific journals. While the details of his work are in scientific disrepute, the concept of catastrophic change (extinction event and punctuated equilibrium) has gained accept... | What medium did Immanuel Velikovsky not publish his works in that is accepted practice? | What medium did Immanuel Velikovsky not publish his works in that is accepted practice? | [
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] | {
"text": [
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142
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} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: Immanuel Velikovsky is an example of a recent scientifi... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-38601 | 570c05b56b8089140040fb0a | FC_Barcelona | Domestically, Barcelona has won 23 La Liga, 27 Copa del Rey, 11 Supercopa de España, 3 Copa Eva Duarte and 2 Copa de la Liga trophies, as well as being the record holder for the latter four competitions. In international club football, Barcelona has won five UEFA Champions League titles, a record four UEFA Cup Winners'... | How many UEFA Super Cup wins does the Barcelona team have? | How many UEFA Super Cup wins does the Barcelona team have? | [
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] | {
"text": [
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342
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} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
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gem-squad_v2-train-21894 | 5acd84c307355d001abf453b | Aircraft_carrier | The disadvantage of the ski-jump is the penalty it exacts on aircraft size, payload, and fuel load (and thus range); heavily laden aircraft can not launch using a ski-jump because their high loaded weight requires either a longer takeoff roll than is possible on a carrier deck, or assistance from a catapult or JATO roc... | What can launch using a ski-jump due to their high loaded weight? | What can launch using a ski-jump due to their high loaded weight? | [
"What can launch using a ski-jump due to their high loaded weight?"
] | {
"text": [],
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gem-squad_v2-train-81293 | 5ad173d5645df0001a2d1c58 | Queen_Victoria | Russell's ministry, though Whig, was not favoured by the Queen. She found particularly offensive the Foreign Secretary, Lord Palmerston, who often acted without consulting the Cabinet, the Prime Minister, or the Queen. Victoria complained to Russell that Palmerston sent official dispatches to foreign leaders without he... | To whom didn't Victoria complain about Palmerston? | To whom didn't Victoria complain about Palmerston? | [
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] | {
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gem-squad_v2-train-84451 | 572fd71ba23a5019007fca76 | San_Diego | In 1821, Mexico won its independence from Spain, and San Diego became part of the Mexican territory of Alta California. In 1822, Mexico began attempting to extend its authority over the coastal territory of Alta California. The fort on Presidio Hill was gradually abandoned, while the town of San Diego grew up on the le... | What happened as the population shifted to more level ground below Presidio Hill? | What happened as the population shifted to more level ground below Presidio Hill? | [
"What happened as the population shifted to more level ground below Presidio Hill?"
] | {
"text": [
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224
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} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
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gem-squad_v2-train-93478 | 5ad19782645df0001a2d20d0 | Light-emitting_diode | Machine vision systems often require bright and homogeneous illumination, so features of interest are easier to process. LEDs are often used for this purpose, and this is likely to remain one of their major uses until the price drops low enough to make signaling and illumination uses more widespread. Barcode scanners a... | non-LEDs are often used for what type of systems? | non-LEDs are often used for what type of systems? | [
" non-LEDs are often used for what type of systems?"
] | {
"text": [],
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gem-squad_v2-train-3465 | 57267141708984140094c627 | Southeast_Asia | The region's economy greatly depends on agriculture; rice and rubber have long been prominent exports. Manufacturing and services are becoming more important. An emerging market, Indonesia is the largest economy in this region. Newly industrialised countries include Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and the Philippines, w... | Of the Southeast Asian countries, which country has the largest economy? | Of the Southeast Asian countries, which country has the largest economy? | [
"Of the Southeast Asian countries, which country has the largest economy?"
] | {
"text": [
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"answer_start": [
179
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} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
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gem-squad_v2-train-66183 | 570bf1486b8089140040fae2 | ASCII | Many more of the control codes have been given meanings quite different from their original ones. The "escape" character (ESC, code 27), for example, was intended originally to allow sending other control characters as literals instead of invoking their meaning. This is the same meaning of "escape" encountered in URL e... | What was the "escape" character originally intended for? | What was the "escape" character originally intended for? | [
"What was the \"escape\" character originally intended for?"
] | {
"text": [
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174
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} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
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gem-squad_v2-train-72077 | 5acf774677cf76001a684e8c | Capacitor | Mechanically controlled variable capacitors allow the plate spacing to be adjusted, for example by rotating or sliding a set of movable plates into alignment with a set of stationary plates. Low cost variable capacitors squeeze together alternating layers of aluminum and plastic with a screw. Electrical control of capa... | What do mechanically controlled variable capacitors disable to be modified? | What do mechanically controlled variable capacitors disable to be modified? | [
"What do mechanically controlled variable capacitors disable to be modified?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: Mechanically controlled variable capacitors allow the p... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-77182 | 5a29982f03c0e7001a3e1806 | United_Nations_Population_Fund | UNFPA provided aid to Peru's reproductive health program in the mid-to-late '90s. When it was discovered a Peruvian program had been engaged in carrying out coercive sterilizations, UNFPA called for reforms and protocols to protect the rights of women seeking assistance. UNFPA was not involved in the scandal, but conti... | Who refused aid to Peru's reproductive health program in the mid-to-late '80s? | Who refused aid to Peru's reproductive health program in the mid-to-late '80s? | [
"Who refused aid to Peru's reproductive health program in the mid-to-late '80s?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: UNFPA provided aid to Peru's reproductive health progra... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-83521 | 5727f5d22ca10214002d9a4f | Dominican_Order | As heirs of the Dominican priory of Poissy in France, the Dartford sisters were also heirs to a tradition of profound learning and piety. Sections of translations of spiritual writings in Dartford's library, such as Suso's Little Book of Eternal Wisdom and Laurent du Bois' Somme le Roi, show that the "ghoostli" link to... | Where was the priory of Poissy located? | Where was the priory of Poissy located? | [
"Where was the priory of Poissy located?"
] | {
"text": [
"France"
],
"answer_start": [
46
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} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: As heirs of the Dominican priory of Poissy in France, t... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-89454 | 572eddf0cb0c0d14000f1641 | The_Blitz | In the 1920s and 1930s, air power theorists Giulio Douhet and Billy Mitchell espoused the idea that air forces could win wars by themselves, without a need for land and sea fighting. It was thought there was no defence against air attack, particularly at night. Enemy industry, their seats of government, factories and c... | Bombing of civilian's was believed to cause what? | Bombing of civilian's was believed to cause what? | [
"Bombing of civilian's was believed to cause what?"
] | {
"text": [
"collapse of civilian will"
],
"answer_start": [
470
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} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: In the 1920s and 1930s, air power theorists Giulio Douh... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-20727 | 56cd742662d2951400fa65d7 | IPod | On October 22, 2007, Apple reported quarterly revenue of US$6.22 billion, of which 30.69% came from Apple notebook sales, 19.22% from desktop sales and 26% from iPod sales. Apple's 2007 year revenue increased to US$24.01 billion with US$3.5 billion in profits. Apple ended the fiscal year 2007 with US$15.4 billion in ca... | What was the value of Apple's cash assets at the end of 2007? | What was the value of Apple's cash assets at the end of 2007? | [
"What was the value of Apple's cash assets at the end of 2007?"
] | {
"text": [
"$15.4 billion"
],
"answer_start": [
301
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} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: On October 22, 2007, Apple reported quarterly revenue o... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-85224 | 5a7fb2f28f0597001ac00084 | Supreme_court | Final interpretation of and amendments to the German Constitution, the Grundgesetz, is the task of the Bundesverfassungsgericht (Federal Constitutional Court), which is the de facto highest German court, as it can declare both federal and state legislation ineffective, and has the power to overrule decisions of all oth... | What is the German term for Federal Constitution? | What is the German term for Federal Constitution? | [
"What is the German term for Federal Constitution?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: Final interpretation of and amendments to the German Co... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-37542 | 57280c3f3acd2414000df313 | London | The London Fire Brigade is the statutory fire and rescue service for Greater London. It is run by the London Fire and Emergency Planning Authority and is the third largest fire service in the world. National Health Service ambulance services are provided by the London Ambulance Service (LAS) NHS Trust, the largest free... | What agency operates in conjunction with the LAS as needed? | What agency operates in conjunction with the LAS as needed? | [
"What agency operates in conjunction with the LAS as needed?"
] | {
"text": [
"The London Air Ambulance charity"
],
"answer_start": [
383
]
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: The London Fire Brigade is the statutory fire and rescu... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-58898 | 572782eb5951b619008f8bc2 | A_cappella | A cappella [a kapˈpɛlla] (Italian for "in the manner of the chapel") music is specifically group or solo singing without instrumental accompaniment, or a piece intended to be performed in this way. It contrasts with cantata, which is accompanied singing. The term "a cappella" was originally intended to differentiate be... | What is another term occasionally used to refer to A cappella? | What is another term occasionally used to refer to A cappella? | [
"What is another term occasionally used to refer to A cappella?"
] | {
"text": [
"alla breve"
],
"answer_start": [
649
]
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: A cappella [a kapˈpɛlla] (Italian for "in the manner of... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-92408 | 5730df02b7151e1900c01598 | United_States_Air_Force | Planning and Directing is "the determination of intelligence requirements, development of appropriate intelligence architecture, preparation of a collection plan, and issuance of orders and requests to information collection agencies" (JP 2-01, Joint and National Intelligence Support to Military Operations). These acti... | What agency is in charge of intelligence requirements? | What agency is in charge of intelligence requirements? | [
"What agency is in charge of intelligence requirements? "
] | {
"text": [
"Joint and National Intelligence Support to Military Operations"
],
"answer_start": [
245
]
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: Planning and Directing is "the determination of intelli... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-75510 | 5726a47e5951b619008f78c7 | Cubism | In addition to Seurat, the roots of cubism are to be found in the two distinct tendencies of Cézanne's later work: first his breaking of the painted surface into small multifaceted areas of paint, thereby emphasizing the plural viewpoint given by binocular vision, and second his interest in the simplification of natura... | Besides Seurat where else are the beginnigs of Cubism found? | Besides Seurat where else are the beginnigs of Cubism found? | [
"Besides Seurat where else are the beginnigs of Cubism found?"
] | {
"text": [
"in the two distinct tendencies of Cézanne's later work"
],
"answer_start": [
59
]
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: In addition to Seurat, the roots of cubism are to be fo... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-58507 | 5a2abd485b078a001a2f06e2 | Sanskrit | Sheldon Pollock argues that "most observers would agree that, in some crucial way, Sanskrit is dead".:393 Pollock has further argued that, while Sanskrit continued to be used in literary cultures in India, it was never adapted to express the changing forms of subjectivity and sociality as embodied and conceptualised in... | Where is Sanskrit no longer used? | Where is Sanskrit no longer used? | [
"Where is Sanskrit no longer used?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: Sheldon Pollock argues that "most observers would agree... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-37223 | 5727942cdd62a815002ea0fd | Switzerland | The Federal Council constitutes the federal government, directs the federal administration and serves as collective Head of State. It is a collegial body of seven members, elected for a four-year mandate by the Federal Assembly which also exercises oversight over the Council. The President of the Confederation is elect... | How many members are in the Federal Council? | How many members are in the Federal Council? | [
"How many members are in the Federal Council?"
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} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: The Federal Council constitutes the federal government,... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-31881 | 572683c7dd62a815002e87e0 | Myanmar | Early civilisations in Myanmar included the Tibeto-Burman-speaking Pyu city-states in Upper Burma and the Mon kingdoms in Lower Burma. In the 9th century, the Bamar people entered the upper Irrawaddy valley and, following the establishment of the Pagan Kingdom in the 1050s, the Burmese language, culture and Theravada B... | What were the names of some of the early cultures located in Myanmar? | What were the names of some of the early cultures located in Myanmar? | [
"What were the names of some of the early cultures located in Myanmar?"
] | {
"text": [
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44
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} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: Early civilisations in Myanmar included the Tibeto-Burm... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-49018 | 5aceb8e532bba1001ae4b1af | Athanasius_of_Alexandria | Athanasius's first problem lay with Meletius of Lycopolis and his followers, who had failed to abide by the First Council of Nicaea. That council also anathematized Arius. Accused of mistreating Arians and Meletians, Athanasius answered those charges at a gathering of bishops in Tyre, the First Synod of Tyre, in 335. T... | Who did obey the guidelines of Nicaea? | Who did obey the guidelines of Nicaea? | [
"Who did obey the guidelines of Nicaea?"
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} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: Athanasius's first problem lay with Meletius of Lycopol... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-2047 | 570b5b516b8089140040f8ba | Military_history_of_the_United_States | Rear Admiral Bradley A. Fiske was at the vanguard of new technology in naval guns and gunnery, thanks to his innovations in fire control 1890–1910. He immediately grasped the potential for air power, and called for the development of a torpedo plane. Fiske, as aide for operations in 1913–15 to Assistant Secretary Frank... | What naval officer developed new doctrines for gunnery at the turn of the 20th Century? | What naval officer developed new doctrines for gunnery at the turn of the 20th Century? | [
"What naval officer developed new doctrines for gunnery at the turn of the 20th Century?"
] | {
"text": [
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} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: Rear Admiral Bradley A. Fiske was at the vanguard of ne... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-79176 | 56cda92362d2951400fa67de | The_Legend_of_Zelda:_Twilight_Princess | In the PAL region, which covers most of Africa, Asia, Europe, and Oceania, Twilight Princess is the best-selling entry in the Zelda series. During its first week, the game was sold with three of every four Wii purchases. The game had sold 5.82 million copies on the Wii as of March 31, 2011[update], and 1.32 million on ... | How many units of the GameCube version of Twilight Princess had been purchased by the end of March 2007? | How many units of the GameCube version of Twilight Princess had been purchased by the end of March 2007? | [
"How many units of the GameCube version of Twilight Princess had been purchased by the end of March 2007?"
] | {
"text": [
"1.32 million"
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"answer_start": [
304
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} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: In the PAL region, which covers most of Africa, Asia, E... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-69468 | 5ad42417604f3c001a40087b | Houston | The Baylor College of Medicine has annually been considered within the top ten medical schools in the nation; likewise, the MD Anderson Cancer Center has consistently ranked as one of the top two U.S. hospitals specializing in cancer care by U.S. News & World Report since 1990. The Menninger Clinic, a renowned psychiat... | What type of treatments does the Menninger Clinic never offer? | What type of treatments does the Menninger Clinic never offer? | [
" What type of treatments does the Menninger Clinic never offer?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: The Baylor College of Medicine has annually been consid... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-62722 | 572f6db904bcaa1900d76935 | Pain | Nociceptive pain may also be divided into "visceral", "deep somatic" and "superficial somatic" pain. Visceral structures are highly sensitive to stretch, ischemia and inflammation, but relatively insensitive to other stimuli that normally evoke pain in other structures, such as burning and cutting. Visceral pain is dif... | What type of of pain is visceral a division of? | What type of of pain is visceral a division of? | [
"What type of of pain is visceral a division of?"
] | {
"text": [
"Nociceptive"
],
"answer_start": [
0
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} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: Nociceptive pain may also be divided into "visceral", "... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-21011 | 5a76eaf72d6d7f001a4a9ef9 | Spanish_language_in_the_United_States | The Spanish language is the second most spoken language in the United States. There are 45 million Hispanophones who speak Spanish as a first or second language in the United States, as well as six million Spanish language students. Together, this makes the United States of America the second largest Hispanophone count... | How many Hispanophones speak Spanish in Mexico? | How many Hispanophones speak Spanish in Mexico? | [
"How many Hispanophones speak Spanish in Mexico?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
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gem-squad_v2-train-101728 | 56d9cadedc89441400fdb82d | Dog | There are a vast range of commodity forms available to transform a pet dog into an ideal companion. The list of goods, services and places available is enormous: from dog perfumes, couture, furniture and housing, to dog groomers, therapists, trainers and caretakers, dog cafes, spas, parks and beaches, and dog hotels, a... | How do dogs mark their territory? | How do dogs mark their territory? | [
"How do dogs mark their territory?"
] | {
"text": [
"urine marking"
],
"answer_start": [
597
]
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: There are a vast range of commodity forms available to ... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-78483 | 572fb550a23a5019007fc8d4 | Greeks | In any case, Alexander's toppling of the Achaemenid Empire, after his victories at the battles of the Granicus, Issus and Gaugamela, and his advance as far as modern-day Pakistan and Tajikistan, provided an important outlet for Greek culture, via the creation of colonies and trade routes along the way. While the Alexan... | Are any relatives of the first people of the Grecian world still around ? | Are any relatives of the first people of the Grecian world still around ? | [
"Are any relatives of the first people of the Grecian world still around ?"
] | {
"text": [
"there are still communities in Pakistan and Afghanistan, like the Kalash, who claim to be descended from Greek settlers."
],
"answer_start": [
681
]
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: In any case, Alexander's toppling of the Achaemenid Emp... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-106888 | 5734465d879d6814001ca465 | Hunting | Hunter-gathering lifestyles remained prevalent in some parts of the New World, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Siberia, as well as all of Australia, until the European Age of Discovery. They still persist in some tribal societies, albeit in rapid decline. Peoples that preserved paleolithic hunting-gathering until the recent pa... | Indigenous peoples of the Amazonas preserved what until the recent past? | Indigenous peoples of the Amazonas preserved what until the recent past? | [
"Indigenous peoples of the Amazonas preserved what until the recent past?"
] | {
"text": [
"paleolithic hunting-gathering"
],
"answer_start": [
271
]
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: Hunter-gathering lifestyles remained prevalent in some ... | [
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0... | paleolithic hunting-gathering |
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