id stringlengths 10 14 | messages listlengths 2 2 | task_type stringclasses 1
value | background stringlengths 151 1.55k |
|---|---|---|---|
squad_v2_0 | [
{
"content": "Can you tell me the answer to What program funded in 2009 does not help women??",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "I don't know.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | In January 2009 President Barack Obama restored US funding to UNFPA, saying in a public statement that he would "look forward to working with Congress to restore US financial support for the UN Population Fund. By resuming funding to UNFPA, the US will be joining 180 other donor nations working collaboratively to reduc... |
squad_v2_1 | [
{
"content": "What group declared itself to be anti-music of any kind????",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Public Image Ltd",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | Weeks after ending the Sex Pistols, Lydon formed the experimental group Public Image Ltd and declared the project to be "anti music of any kind". Public Image and other acts such as the Pop Group and the Slits had begun experimenting with dance music, dub production techniques and the avant-garde, while punk-indebted M... |
squad_v2_2 | [
{
"content": "Please answer this question: The Beauty of Durres is in what country?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Albania",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | Bronze age pebble mosaics have been found at Tiryns; mosaics of the 4th century BC are found in the Macedonian palace-city of Aegae, and the 4th-century BC mosaic of The Beauty of Durrës discovered in Durrës, Albania in 1916, is an early figural example; the Greek figural style was mostly formed in the 3rd century BC. ... |
squad_v2_3 | [
{
"content": "Answer this question:\n\nThe digestive chambers of the Ctenophora and the Cnidaria serve as what??",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "both the mouth and the anus",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | Among the other phyla, the Ctenophora and the Cnidaria, which includes sea anemones, corals, and jellyfish, are radially symmetric and have digestive chambers with a single opening, which serves as both the mouth and the anus. Both have distinct tissues, but they are not organized into organs. There are only two main g... |
squad_v2_4 | [
{
"content": "Please answer this question: When did the switch to the Astra 2D satellite begin?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "I don't know.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | In March 2003 the BBC announced that from the end of May 2003 (subsequently deferred to 14 July) it intended to transmit all eight of its domestic television channels (including the 15 regional variations of BBC 1) unencrypted from the Astra 2D satellite. This move was estimated to save the BBC £85 million over the nex... |
squad_v2_5 | [
{
"content": "What is the answer to this question? When semicircular arches overlap each other, what type of design is accidentally created?\n\n",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "points",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | Contrary to the diffusionist theory, it appears that there was simultaneously a structural evolution towards the pointed arch, for the purpose of vaulting spaces of irregular plan, or to bring transverse vaults to the same height as diagonal vaults. This latter occurs at Durham Cathedral in the nave aisles in 1093. Poi... |
squad_v2_6 | [
{
"content": "What American is considered to have been a seminal influence in the charismatic movement??",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Dennis Bennett",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | In America, Episcopalian Dennis Bennett is sometimes cited as one of the charismatic movement's seminal influence. In the United Kingdom, Colin Urquhart, Michael Harper, David Watson and others were in the vanguard of similar developments. The Massey conference in New Zealand, 1964 was attended by several Anglicans, in... |
squad_v2_7 | [
{
"content": "Q: What ancient dialects had the same two-way distinction at one point? A:",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "I don't know.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | The other Ancient Greek dialects, Ionic, Doric, Aeolic, and Arcadocypriot, likely had the same three-way distinction at one point, but Doric seems to have had a fricative in place of /tʰ/ in the Classical period, and the Ionic and Aeolic dialects sometimes lost aspiration (psilosis). |
squad_v2_8 | [
{
"content": "Next question: How many elections have Democrats won in Alaska?\n\n",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "one",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | Alaska regularly supports Republicans in presidential elections and has done so since statehood. Republicans have won the state's electoral college votes in all but one election that it has participated in (1964). No state has voted for a Democratic presidential candidate fewer times. Alaska was carried by Democratic n... |
squad_v2_9 | [
{
"content": "Please answer this question: When was Government phonology first seen?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "the early 1980s",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | Government phonology, which originated in the early 1980s as an attempt to unify theoretical notions of syntactic and phonological structures, is based on the notion that all languages necessarily follow a small set of principles and vary according to their selection of certain binary parameters. That is, all languages... |
squad_v2_10 | [
{
"content": "Answer the question...According to QS World University Rankings, where does American University in Cairo rank??",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "360",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | Cairo University is ranked as 401-500 according to the Academic Ranking of World Universities (Shanghai Ranking) and 551-600 according to QS World University Rankings. American University in Cairo is ranked as 360 according to QS World University Rankings and Al-Azhar University, Alexandria University and Ain Shams Uni... |
squad_v2_11 | [
{
"content": "Answer the following question:\n\nThe Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Louisiana Foundation joined together with which University to help develop Smart Bodies?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Louisiana State Agricultural Center",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | An example of a state initiative to promote nutrition literacy is Smart Bodies, a public-private partnership between the state’s largest university system and largest health insurer, Louisiana State Agricultural Center and Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Louisiana Foundation. Launched in 2005, this program promotes lifel... |
squad_v2_12 | [
{
"content": "Q: When did work end on the Red Abbey under the direction of William Burges? A:",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "I don't know.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | Cork features architecturally notable buildings originating from the Medieval to Modern periods. The only notable remnant of the Medieval era is the Red Abbey. There are two cathedrals in the city; St. Mary's Cathedral and Saint Fin Barre's Cathedral. St Mary's Cathedral, often referred to as the North Cathedral, is th... |
squad_v2_13 | [
{
"content": "Next question: What medium did Immanuel Velikovsky not publish his works in that is accepted practice?\n\n",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "scientific journals",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | Immanuel Velikovsky is an example of a recent scientific exoheretic; he did not have appropriate scientific credentials or did not publish in scientific journals. While the details of his work are in scientific disrepute, the concept of catastrophic change (extinction event and punctuated equilibrium) has gained accept... |
squad_v2_14 | [
{
"content": "Q: How many UEFA Super Cup wins does the Barcelona team have? A:",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "five",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | Domestically, Barcelona has won 23 La Liga, 27 Copa del Rey, 11 Supercopa de España, 3 Copa Eva Duarte and 2 Copa de la Liga trophies, as well as being the record holder for the latter four competitions. In international club football, Barcelona has won five UEFA Champions League titles, a record four UEFA Cup Winners'... |
squad_v2_15 | [
{
"content": "Q: What can launch using a ski-jump due to their high loaded weight? A:",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "I don't know.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | The disadvantage of the ski-jump is the penalty it exacts on aircraft size, payload, and fuel load (and thus range); heavily laden aircraft can not launch using a ski-jump because their high loaded weight requires either a longer takeoff roll than is possible on a carrier deck, or assistance from a catapult or JATO roc... |
squad_v2_16 | [
{
"content": "To whom didn't Victoria complain about Palmerston??",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "I don't know.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | Russell's ministry, though Whig, was not favoured by the Queen. She found particularly offensive the Foreign Secretary, Lord Palmerston, who often acted without consulting the Cabinet, the Prime Minister, or the Queen. Victoria complained to Russell that Palmerston sent official dispatches to foreign leaders without he... |
squad_v2_17 | [
{
"content": "What happened as the population shifted to more level ground below Presidio Hill??",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The fort on Presidio Hill was gradually abandoned",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | In 1821, Mexico won its independence from Spain, and San Diego became part of the Mexican territory of Alta California. In 1822, Mexico began attempting to extend its authority over the coastal territory of Alta California. The fort on Presidio Hill was gradually abandoned, while the town of San Diego grew up on the le... |
squad_v2_18 | [
{
"content": "Question: non-LEDs are often used for what type of systems??\nAnswer:",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "I don't know.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | Machine vision systems often require bright and homogeneous illumination, so features of interest are easier to process. LEDs are often used for this purpose, and this is likely to remain one of their major uses until the price drops low enough to make signaling and illumination uses more widespread. Barcode scanners a... |
squad_v2_19 | [
{
"content": "Please answer this question: Of the Southeast Asian countries, which country has the largest economy?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Indonesia",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | The region's economy greatly depends on agriculture; rice and rubber have long been prominent exports. Manufacturing and services are becoming more important. An emerging market, Indonesia is the largest economy in this region. Newly industrialised countries include Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and the Philippines, w... |
squad_v2_20 | [
{
"content": "Q: What was the \"escape\" character originally intended for? A:",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "to allow sending other control characters as literals instead of invoking their meaning",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | Many more of the control codes have been given meanings quite different from their original ones. The "escape" character (ESC, code 27), for example, was intended originally to allow sending other control characters as literals instead of invoking their meaning. This is the same meaning of "escape" encountered in URL e... |
squad_v2_21 | [
{
"content": "Write the answer: What do mechanically controlled variable capacitors disable to be modified?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "I don't know.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | Mechanically controlled variable capacitors allow the plate spacing to be adjusted, for example by rotating or sliding a set of movable plates into alignment with a set of stationary plates. Low cost variable capacitors squeeze together alternating layers of aluminum and plastic with a screw. Electrical control of capa... |
squad_v2_22 | [
{
"content": "Answer the question...Who refused aid to Peru's reproductive health program in the mid-to-late '80s??",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "I don't know.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | UNFPA provided aid to Peru's reproductive health program in the mid-to-late '90s. When it was discovered a Peruvian program had been engaged in carrying out coercive sterilizations, UNFPA called for reforms and protocols to protect the rights of women seeking assistance. UNFPA was not involved in the scandal, but conti... |
squad_v2_23 | [
{
"content": "Where was the priory of Poissy located??",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "France",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | As heirs of the Dominican priory of Poissy in France, the Dartford sisters were also heirs to a tradition of profound learning and piety. Sections of translations of spiritual writings in Dartford's library, such as Suso's Little Book of Eternal Wisdom and Laurent du Bois' Somme le Roi, show that the "ghoostli" link to... |
squad_v2_24 | [
{
"content": "Answer the question...Bombing of civilian's was believed to cause what??",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "collapse of civilian will",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | In the 1920s and 1930s, air power theorists Giulio Douhet and Billy Mitchell espoused the idea that air forces could win wars by themselves, without a need for land and sea fighting. It was thought there was no defence against air attack, particularly at night. Enemy industry, their seats of government, factories and c... |
squad_v2_25 | [
{
"content": "Answer the question...What was the value of Apple's cash assets at the end of 2007??",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "$15.4 billion",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | On October 22, 2007, Apple reported quarterly revenue of US$6.22 billion, of which 30.69% came from Apple notebook sales, 19.22% from desktop sales and 26% from iPod sales. Apple's 2007 year revenue increased to US$24.01 billion with US$3.5 billion in profits. Apple ended the fiscal year 2007 with US$15.4 billion in ca... |
squad_v2_26 | [
{
"content": "What is the German term for Federal Constitution?\nWhat is the answer?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "I don't know.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | Final interpretation of and amendments to the German Constitution, the Grundgesetz, is the task of the Bundesverfassungsgericht (Federal Constitutional Court), which is the de facto highest German court, as it can declare both federal and state legislation ineffective, and has the power to overrule decisions of all oth... |
squad_v2_27 | [
{
"content": "What is the answer to this question? What agency operates in conjunction with the LAS as needed?\n\n",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The London Air Ambulance charity",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | The London Fire Brigade is the statutory fire and rescue service for Greater London. It is run by the London Fire and Emergency Planning Authority and is the third largest fire service in the world. National Health Service ambulance services are provided by the London Ambulance Service (LAS) NHS Trust, the largest free... |
squad_v2_28 | [
{
"content": "Question: What is another term occasionally used to refer to A cappella??\nAnswer:",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "alla breve",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | A cappella [a kapˈpɛlla] (Italian for "in the manner of the chapel") music is specifically group or solo singing without instrumental accompaniment, or a piece intended to be performed in this way. It contrasts with cantata, which is accompanied singing. The term "a cappella" was originally intended to differentiate be... |
squad_v2_29 | [
{
"content": "Write the answer: What agency is in charge of intelligence requirements? ",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Joint and National Intelligence Support to Military Operations",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | Planning and Directing is "the determination of intelligence requirements, development of appropriate intelligence architecture, preparation of a collection plan, and issuance of orders and requests to information collection agencies" (JP 2-01, Joint and National Intelligence Support to Military Operations). These acti... |
squad_v2_30 | [
{
"content": "Answer this question:\n\nBesides Seurat where else are the beginnigs of Cubism found??",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "in the two distinct tendencies of Cézanne's later work",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | In addition to Seurat, the roots of cubism are to be found in the two distinct tendencies of Cézanne's later work: first his breaking of the painted surface into small multifaceted areas of paint, thereby emphasizing the plural viewpoint given by binocular vision, and second his interest in the simplification of natura... |
squad_v2_31 | [
{
"content": "Where is Sanskrit no longer used????",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "I don't know.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | Sheldon Pollock argues that "most observers would agree that, in some crucial way, Sanskrit is dead".:393 Pollock has further argued that, while Sanskrit continued to be used in literary cultures in India, it was never adapted to express the changing forms of subjectivity and sociality as embodied and conceptualised in... |
squad_v2_32 | [
{
"content": "How many members are in the Federal Council????",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "seven",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | The Federal Council constitutes the federal government, directs the federal administration and serves as collective Head of State. It is a collegial body of seven members, elected for a four-year mandate by the Federal Assembly which also exercises oversight over the Council. The President of the Confederation is elect... |
squad_v2_33 | [
{
"content": "What were the names of some of the early cultures located in Myanmar??",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Tibeto-Burman-speaking Pyu city-states in Upper Burma and the Mon kingdoms in Lower Burma",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | Early civilisations in Myanmar included the Tibeto-Burman-speaking Pyu city-states in Upper Burma and the Mon kingdoms in Lower Burma. In the 9th century, the Bamar people entered the upper Irrawaddy valley and, following the establishment of the Pagan Kingdom in the 1050s, the Burmese language, culture and Theravada B... |
squad_v2_34 | [
{
"content": "Who did obey the guidelines of Nicaea??",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "I don't know.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | Athanasius's first problem lay with Meletius of Lycopolis and his followers, who had failed to abide by the First Council of Nicaea. That council also anathematized Arius. Accused of mistreating Arians and Meletians, Athanasius answered those charges at a gathering of bishops in Tyre, the First Synod of Tyre, in 335. T... |
squad_v2_35 | [
{
"content": "Write the answer: What naval officer developed new doctrines for gunnery at the turn of the 20th Century?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Rear Admiral Bradley A. Fiske",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | Rear Admiral Bradley A. Fiske was at the vanguard of new technology in naval guns and gunnery, thanks to his innovations in fire control 1890–1910. He immediately grasped the potential for air power, and called for the development of a torpedo plane. Fiske, as aide for operations in 1913–15 to Assistant Secretary Frank... |
squad_v2_36 | [
{
"content": "Next question: How many units of the GameCube version of Twilight Princess had been purchased by the end of March 2007?\n\n",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "1.32 million",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | In the PAL region, which covers most of Africa, Asia, Europe, and Oceania, Twilight Princess is the best-selling entry in the Zelda series. During its first week, the game was sold with three of every four Wii purchases. The game had sold 5.82 million copies on the Wii as of March 31, 2011[update], and 1.32 million on ... |
squad_v2_37 | [
{
"content": " What type of treatments does the Menninger Clinic never offer????",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "I don't know.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | The Baylor College of Medicine has annually been considered within the top ten medical schools in the nation; likewise, the MD Anderson Cancer Center has consistently ranked as one of the top two U.S. hospitals specializing in cancer care by U.S. News & World Report since 1990. The Menninger Clinic, a renowned psychiat... |
squad_v2_38 | [
{
"content": "Answer the question...What type of of pain is visceral a division of??",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Nociceptive",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | Nociceptive pain may also be divided into "visceral", "deep somatic" and "superficial somatic" pain. Visceral structures are highly sensitive to stretch, ischemia and inflammation, but relatively insensitive to other stimuli that normally evoke pain in other structures, such as burning and cutting. Visceral pain is dif... |
squad_v2_39 | [
{
"content": "Question: How many Hispanophones speak Spanish in Mexico??\nAnswer:",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "I don't know.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | The Spanish language is the second most spoken language in the United States. There are 45 million Hispanophones who speak Spanish as a first or second language in the United States, as well as six million Spanish language students. Together, this makes the United States of America the second largest Hispanophone count... |
squad_v2_40 | [
{
"content": "How do dogs mark their territory??",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "urine marking",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | There are a vast range of commodity forms available to transform a pet dog into an ideal companion. The list of goods, services and places available is enormous: from dog perfumes, couture, furniture and housing, to dog groomers, therapists, trainers and caretakers, dog cafes, spas, parks and beaches, and dog hotels, a... |
squad_v2_41 | [
{
"content": "Next question: Are any relatives of the first people of the Grecian world still around ?\n\n",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "there are still communities in Pakistan and Afghanistan, like the Kalash, who claim to be descended from Greek settlers.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | In any case, Alexander's toppling of the Achaemenid Empire, after his victories at the battles of the Granicus, Issus and Gaugamela, and his advance as far as modern-day Pakistan and Tajikistan, provided an important outlet for Greek culture, via the creation of colonies and trade routes along the way. While the Alexan... |
squad_v2_42 | [
{
"content": "Question: Indigenous peoples of the Amazonas preserved what until the recent past??\nAnswer:",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "paleolithic hunting-gathering",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | Hunter-gathering lifestyles remained prevalent in some parts of the New World, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Siberia, as well as all of Australia, until the European Age of Discovery. They still persist in some tribal societies, albeit in rapid decline. Peoples that preserved paleolithic hunting-gathering until the recent pa... |
squad_v2_43 | [
{
"content": "Write the answer: What major public central park is located south of Avenida Italia? ",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Parque Batlle",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | Parque Batlle (formerly: Parque de los Aliados, translation: "Park of the Allies") is a major public central park, located south of Avenida Italia and north of Avenue Rivera. Along with Parque Prado and Parque Rodó it is one of three large parks that dominate Montevideo. The park and surrounding area constitute one of ... |
squad_v2_44 | [
{
"content": "What was introduced in 1939????",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Machine Fuse Setter",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | Britain had successful tested a new HAA gun, 3.6-inch, in 1918. In 1928 3.7-inch became the preferred solution, but it took 6 years to gain funding. Production of the QF 3.7-inch (94 mm) began in 1937; this gun was used both on mobile carriages with the field army and transportable guns on fixed mountings for static po... |
squad_v2_45 | [
{
"content": "Answer the following question:\n\nWhat disaster affects the Southwest every year?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "I don't know.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | In central portions of the U.S., tornadoes are more common than anywhere else on Earth and touch down most commonly in the spring and summer. Deadly and destructive hurricanes occur almost every year along the Atlantic seaboard and the Gulf of Mexico. The Appalachian region and the Midwest experience the worst floods, ... |
squad_v2_46 | [
{
"content": "What statue is it rumored to be good luck to rub??",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Theodore Dwight Woolsey on Old Campus",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | Yale seniors at graduation smash clay pipes underfoot to symbolize passage from their "bright college years," though in recent history the pipes have been replaced with "bubble pipes". ("Bright College Years," the University's alma mater, was penned in 1881 by Henry Durand, Class of 1881, to the tune of Die Wacht am Rh... |
squad_v2_47 | [
{
"content": "Who was the mentor for seasons 14 and 15?\nWhat is the answer?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Scott Borchetta",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | Beginning in the tenth season[citation needed], permanent mentors were brought in during the live shows to help guide the contestants with their song choice and performance. Jimmy Iovine was the mentor in the tenth through twelfth seasons, former judge Randy Jackson was the mentor for the thirteenth season and Scott Bo... |
squad_v2_48 | [
{
"content": "What novel was written by Martyn Sanderson?\nWhat is the answer?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "I don't know.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | Albert Wendt is a significant Samoan writer whose novels and stories tell the Samoan experience. In 1989, his novel Flying Fox in a Freedom Tree was made into a feature film in New Zealand, directed by Martyn Sanderson. Another novel Sons for the Return Home had also been made into a feature film in 1979, directed by P... |
squad_v2_49 | [
{
"content": "Answer the question...What date marked the first law restricting greenhouse gas emissions??",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "September 27, 2006",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | On September 27, 2006 Schwarzenegger signed a bill creating the nation's first cap on greenhouse gas emissions. The law set new regulations on the amount of emissions utilities, refineries and manufacturing plants are allowed to release into the atmosphere. Schwarzenegger also signed a second global warming bill that p... |
squad_v2_50 | [
{
"content": "What is the answer to this question? What media conglomerate did Comcast try to buy in 2004?\n\n",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The Walt Disney Company",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | On February 11, 2004, Comcast announced a $54 billion bid for The Walt Disney Company, as well as taking on $12 billion of Disney's debt. The deal would have made Comcast the largest media conglomerate in the world. However, after rejection by Disney and uncertain response from investors, the bid was abandoned in April... |
squad_v2_51 | [
{
"content": "Next question: What happened two years after San Diego elected it's first mayor?\n\n",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "the city was bankrupt",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | The state of California was admitted to the United States in 1850. That same year San Diego was designated the seat of the newly established San Diego County and was incorporated as a city. Joshua H. Bean, the last alcalde of San Diego, was elected the first mayor. Two years later the city was bankrupt; the California ... |
squad_v2_52 | [
{
"content": "What is the answer to this question? Who was the teacher who committed the act ?\n\n",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Mariano Spada",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | In 1839 Mariano Spada (1796 - 1872), professor of theology at the Roman College of Saint Thomas, published Esame Critico sulla dottrina dell’ Angelico Dottore S. Tommaso di Aquino circa il Peccato originale, relativamente alla Beatissima Vergine Maria [A critical examination of the doctrine of St. Thomas Aquinas, the A... |
squad_v2_53 | [
{
"content": "Next question: Why was Java available for the Mac?\n\n",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "I don't know.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | Internet Explorer, on the other hand, was bundled free with the Windows operating system (and was also downloadable free), and therefore it was funded partly by the sales of Windows to computer manufacturers and direct to users. Internet Explorer also used to be available for the Mac. It is likely that releasing IE for... |
squad_v2_54 | [
{
"content": "Next question: What major film production company calls London home?\n\n",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Working Title Films",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | London has played a significant role in the film industry, and has major studios at Ealing and a special effects and post-production community centred in Soho. Working Title Films has its headquarters in London. London has been the setting for films including Oliver Twist (1948), Scrooge (1951), Peter Pan (1953), The 1... |
squad_v2_55 | [
{
"content": "What river flows through the Sichuan basin?\nWhat is the answer?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Yangtze",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | The rulers of the expansionist Qin dynasty, based in present-day Gansu and Shaanxi, were only the first strategists to realize that the area's military importance matched its commercial and agricultural significance. The Sichuan basin is surrounded by the Himalayas to the west, the Qin Mountains to the north, and mount... |
squad_v2_56 | [
{
"content": "Question: What presentation describes every group??\nAnswer:",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "I don't know.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | Quotient groups and subgroups together form a way of describing every group by its presentation: any group is the quotient of the free group over the generators of the group, quotiented by the subgroup of relations. The dihedral group D4, for example, can be generated by two elements r and f (for example, r = r1, the r... |
squad_v2_57 | [
{
"content": "Answer the question...What was the new name of this Live video store??",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Zune Marketplace",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | On May 26, 2009, Microsoft announced the future release of the Zune HD (in the fall of 2009), the next addition to the Zune product range. This is of an impact on the Xbox Live Video Store as it was also announced that the Zune Video Marketplace and the Xbox Live Video Store will be merged to form the Zune Marketplace,... |
squad_v2_58 | [
{
"content": "Can you tell me the answer to Which works by Shakespeare is believed to be inspired by The Moors??",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Merchant of Venice, Titus Andronicus and Othello",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy, derived features of and episodes about Bolgia from Arabic works on Islamic eschatology: the Hadith and the Kitab al-Miraj (translated into Latin in 1264 or shortly before as Liber Scale Machometi) concerning the ascension to Heaven of Muhammad, and the spiritual writings of Ibn Arabi. T... |
squad_v2_59 | [
{
"content": "What does 'soo and maal' mean in English?\nWhat is the answer?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "go and milk",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | Irir Samaale, the oldest common ancestor of several Somali clans, is generally regarded as the source of the ethnonym Somali. The name "Somali" is, in turn, held to be derived from the words soo and maal, which together mean "go and milk" — a reference to the ubiquitous pastoralism of the Somali people. Another plausib... |
squad_v2_60 | [
{
"content": "What did the citizens complain after visiting Brasilia??",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "I don't know.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | After a visit to Brasília, the French writer Simone de Beauvoir complained that all of its superquadras exuded "the same air of elegant monotony," and other observers have equated the city's large open lawns, plazas, and fields to wastelands. As the city has matured, some of these have gained adornments, and many have ... |
squad_v2_61 | [
{
"content": "What happens to a minority of ingested uranium??",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "I don't know.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | Most ingested uranium is excreted during digestion. Only 0.5% is absorbed when insoluble forms of uranium, such as its oxide, are ingested, whereas absorption of the more soluble uranyl ion can be up to 5%. However, soluble uranium compounds tend to quickly pass through the body, whereas insoluble uranium compounds, es... |
squad_v2_62 | [
{
"content": "What part of 2012 was to have seen Phase I of Miami Central Station begin??",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "spring",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | Construction is currently underway on the Miami Intermodal Center and Miami Central Station, a massive transportation hub servicing Metrorail, Amtrak, Tri-Rail, Metrobus, Greyhound Lines, taxis, rental cars, MIA Mover, private automobiles, bicycles and pedestrians adjacent to Miami International Airport. Completion of ... |
squad_v2_63 | [
{
"content": "Q: How long does the record company have the right of first refusal for contestants on American Idol? A:",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "three months",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | The winner receives a record deal with a major label, which may be for up to six albums, and secures a management contract with American Idol-affiliated 19 Management (which has the right of first refusal to sign all contestants), as well as various lucrative contracts. All winners prior to season nine reportedly earne... |
squad_v2_64 | [
{
"content": "Please answer this question: What is Siteki the capital of?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "I don't know.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | The University of Swaziland, Southern African Nazarene University, Swaziland Christian University are the institutions that offer university education in the country. A campus of Limkokwing University of Creative Technology can be found at Sidvwashini, a suburb of the capital Mbabane. There are some teaching and nursin... |
squad_v2_65 | [
{
"content": "Q: What is created as the second house hit in the UK? A:",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "I don't know.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | With house music already massive on the '80s dance-scene it was only a matter of time before it would penetrate the UK pop charts.[citation needed] The record generally credited as the first house hit in the UK was Farley "Jackmaster" Funk's "Love Can't Turn Around" which reached #10 in the UK singles chart in Septembe... |
squad_v2_66 | [
{
"content": "Answer this question:\n\nWhat Marvel character's stories are set in an area resembling the American Southwest??",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Hulk",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | Marvel counts among its characters such well-known superheroes as Spider-Man, Iron Man, Captain America, Wolverine, Thor, Hulk, Ant-Man, such teams as the Avengers, the Guardians of the Galaxy, the Fantastic Four, the Inhumans and the X-Men, and antagonists such as Doctor Doom, The Enchantress, Green Goblin, Ultron, Do... |
squad_v2_67 | [
{
"content": "Next question: Which league is the most watched football league in the United States?\n\n",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "I don't know.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | The Premier League is the most-watched football league in the world, broadcast in 212 territories to 643 million homes and a potential TV audience of 4.7 billion people. In the 2014–15 season, the average Premier League match attendance exceeded 36,000, second highest of any professional football league behind the Bund... |
squad_v2_68 | [
{
"content": "Write the answer: Who was a judge on the British series Pop Idol in 2001?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Simon Cowell",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | American Idol was based on the British show Pop Idol created by Simon Fuller, which was in turn inspired by the New Zealand television singing competition Popstars. Television producer Nigel Lythgoe saw it in Australia and helped bring it over to Britain. Fuller was inspired by the idea from Popstars of employing a pan... |
squad_v2_69 | [
{
"content": "Please answer this question: Ban Ki-moon states that renewable energy has the ability to lift the poorest nations to new levels of prosperity?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "renewable energy",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | United Nations' Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon has said that "renewable energy has the ability to lift the poorest nations to new levels of prosperity". In October 2011, he "announced the creation of a high-level group to drum up support for energy access, energy efficiency and greater use of renewable energy. The group... |
squad_v2_70 | [
{
"content": "Question: What empty city in Northern France did Viollet-le-Duc recreate historical Gothic constructions??\nAnswer:",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "I don't know.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | In France, simultaneously, the towering figure of the Gothic Revival was Eugène Viollet-le-Duc, who outdid historical Gothic constructions to create a Gothic as it ought to have been, notably at the fortified city of Carcassonne in the south of France and in some richly fortified keeps for industrial magnates. Viollet-... |
squad_v2_71 | [
{
"content": "Q: Where should you look for more details? A:",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "2008 Panzhihua earthquake",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | (The Ms 6.1 earthquake on August 30, 2008 in southern Sichuan was not part of this series because it was caused by a different fault. See 2008 Panzhihua earthquake for details.) |
squad_v2_72 | [
{
"content": "What is the answer to this question? What is the capacity of Drum Theatre?\n\n",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "200",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | The city's main theatres are the Theatre Royal (1,315 capacity), its Drum Theatre (200 capacity), and its production and creative learning centre, The TR2. The Plymouth Pavilions has multiple uses for the city staging music concerts, basketball matches and stand-up comedy. There are also three cinemas: Reel Cinema at D... |
squad_v2_73 | [
{
"content": "Please answer this question: What were Spanish translations at the time made for?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "legal cases",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | Spanish mendicants in the sixteenth century taught indigenous scribes in their communities to write their languages in Latin letters and there is a large number of local-level documents in Nahuatl, Zapotec, Mixtec, and Yucatec Maya from the colonial era, many of which were part of lawsuits and other legal matters. Alth... |
squad_v2_74 | [
{
"content": "Answer this question:\n\nWhen was there more antimatter than matter??",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "I don't know.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | There is considerable speculation both in science and science fiction as to why the observable universe is apparently almost entirely matter, and whether other places are almost entirely antimatter instead. In the early universe, it is thought that matter and antimatter were equally represented, and the disappearance o... |
squad_v2_75 | [
{
"content": "Write the answer: How much was the cost of the NBCU acquisition?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "I don't know.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | Comcast was given an "F" for its corporate governance practices in 2010, by Corporate Library, an independent shareholder-research organization. According to Corporate Library, Comcast's board of directors ability to oversee and control management was severely compromised (at least in 2010) by the fact that several of ... |
squad_v2_76 | [
{
"content": "Can you tell me the answer to What is Popper praised for in some academic quarters??",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "I don't know.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | In 2004, philosopher and psychologist Michel ter Hark (Groningen, The Netherlands) published a book, called Popper, Otto Selz and the rise of evolutionary epistemology, in which he claimed that Popper took some of his ideas from his tutor, the German psychologist Otto Selz. Selz never published his ideas, partly becaus... |
squad_v2_77 | [
{
"content": "Question: Beyonce's sex appeal is characterized as what??\nAnswer:",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "wide-ranging",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | Beyoncé has been described as a having a wide-ranging sex appeal, with music journalist Touré writing that since the release of Dangerously in Love, she has "become a crossover sex symbol". Offstage Beyoncé says that while she likes to dress sexily, her onstage dress "is absolutely for the stage." Due to her curves and... |
squad_v2_78 | [
{
"content": "Answer the following question:\n\nWho developed New San Diego that was north of the first location?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "I don't know.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | The original town of San Diego was located at the foot of Presidio Hill, in the area which is now Old Town San Diego State Historic Park. The location was not ideal, being several miles away from navigable water. In 1850, William Heath Davis promoted a new development by the Bay shore called "New San Diego", several mi... |
squad_v2_79 | [
{
"content": "Please answer this question: What does Bruce criticize the labels heterosexual and homsexual as?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "confusing and degrading",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | Some researchers, such as Bruce Bagemihl, have criticized the labels "heterosexual" and "homosexual" as confusing and degrading. Bagemihl writes, "...the point of reference for 'heterosexual' or 'homosexual' orientation in this nomenclature is solely the individual's genetic sex prior to reassignment (see for example, ... |
squad_v2_80 | [
{
"content": "Answer the following question:\n\nWhat adaptation of Arthurian romances took no liberties with the source material?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "I don't know.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | The first great English translation was the Wycliffe Bible (ca. 1382), which showed the weaknesses of an underdeveloped English prose. Only at the end of the 15th century did the great age of English prose translation begin with Thomas Malory's Le Morte Darthur—an adaptation of Arthurian romances so free that it can, i... |
squad_v2_81 | [
{
"content": "Q: What year did Baddeley discover episodic memory? A:",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "I don't know.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | While short-term memory encodes information acoustically, long-term memory encodes it semantically: Baddeley (1966) discovered that, after 20 minutes, test subjects had the most difficulty recalling a collection of words that had similar meanings (e.g. big, large, great, huge) long-term. Another part of long-term memor... |
squad_v2_82 | [
{
"content": "Answer the question...When was the earliest source of political federalism according to Christians??",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "is the ecclesiastical federalism found in the Bible.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | Some Christians argue that the earliest source of political federalism (or federalism in human institutions; in contrast to theological federalism) is the ecclesiastical federalism found in the Bible. They point to the structure of the early Christian Church as described (and prescribed, as believed by many) in the New... |
squad_v2_83 | [
{
"content": "Question: What was the name of the second Wind Waker game??\nAnswer:",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Phantom Hourglass",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | In four months, Aonuma's team managed to present realistic horseback riding,[l] which Nintendo later revealed to the public with a trailer at Electronic Entertainment Expo 2004. The game was scheduled to be released the next year, and was no longer a follow-up to The Wind Waker; a true sequel to it was released for the... |
squad_v2_84 | [
{
"content": "What did Muawiyah found in North Africa??",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Kairouan",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | Muawiyah also encouraged peaceful coexistence with the Christian communities of Syria, granting his reign with "peace and prosperity for Christians and Arabs alike", and one of his closest advisers was Sarjun, the father of John of Damascus. At the same time, he waged unceasing war against the Byzantine Roman Empire. D... |
squad_v2_85 | [
{
"content": "Answer the following question:\n\nWhat event did the first feature film made by Oscar Knightley open?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "I don't know.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | Director Sima Urale is an award-winning filmmaker. Urale's short film O Tamaiti won the prestigious Best Short Film at the Venice Film Festival in 1996. Her first feature film Apron Strings opened the 2008 NZ International Film Festival. The feature film Siones Wedding, co-written by Oscar Kightley, was financially suc... |
squad_v2_86 | [
{
"content": "Can you tell me the answer to In what century did Europeans become aware of gunpowder??",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "13th",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | In military affairs, the use of infantry with specialised roles increased. Along with the still-dominant heavy cavalry, armies often included mounted and infantry crossbowmen, as well as sappers and engineers. Crossbows, which had been known in Late Antiquity, increased in use partly because of the increase in siege wa... |
squad_v2_87 | [
{
"content": "Answer the question...What country did not see the increasing influence of Roman law??",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "England",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | During the Later Middle Ages, theologians such as John Duns Scotus (d. 1308)[AH] and William of Ockham (d. c. 1348), led a reaction against scholasticism, objecting to the application of reason to faith. Their efforts undermined the prevailing Platonic idea of "universals". Ockham's insistence that reason operates inde... |
squad_v2_88 | [
{
"content": " Where is Desert Sunlight Solar Farm no longer under construction??",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "I don't know.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | There are also many large plants under construction. The Desert Sunlight Solar Farm under construction in Riverside County, California and Topaz Solar Farm being built in San Luis Obispo County, California are both 550 MW solar parks that will use thin-film solar photovoltaic modules made by First Solar. The Blythe Sol... |
squad_v2_89 | [
{
"content": "What other than additives can give glass a yellow color????",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "reducing combustion atmosphere",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | Color in glass may be obtained by addition of electrically charged ions (or color centers) that are homogeneously distributed, and by precipitation of finely dispersed particles (such as in photochromic glasses). Ordinary soda-lime glass appears colorless to the naked eye when it is thin, although iron(II) oxide (FeO) ... |
squad_v2_90 | [
{
"content": "Next question: What year was Montevideo Shopping built?\n\n",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "1985",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | Montevideo is the heartland of retailing in Uruguay. The city has become the principal centre of business and real estate, including many expensive buildings and modern towers for residences and offices, surrounded by extensive green spaces. In 1985, the first shopping centre in Rio de la Plata, Montevideo Shopping was... |
squad_v2_91 | [
{
"content": "Answer the following question:\n\nBlood cholesterol has a significant impact on what?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "I don't know.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | The evidence for saturated fat is unclear. Some state there is evidence of benefit from reducing saturated fat, specifically a benefit from eating polyunsaturated fat instead of saturated fat. While others state there is little evidence that reducing dietary saturated fat or increasing polyunsaturated fat intake affect... |
squad_v2_92 | [
{
"content": "Answer the following question:\n\nWho founded the Han dynasty?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Liu Bang",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | The Han dynasty (Chinese: 漢朝; pinyin: Hàn cháo) was the second imperial dynasty of China, preceded by the Qin dynasty (221–207 BC) and succeeded by the Three Kingdoms period (220–280 AD). Spanning over four centuries, the Han period is considered a golden age in Chinese history. To this day, China's majority ethnic gro... |
squad_v2_93 | [
{
"content": "What country did the Romans continue to expand to after Rome was sacked??",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Italy",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | After recovering surprisingly fast from the sack of Rome, the Romans immediately resumed their expansion within Italy. The First Samnite War from 343 BC to 341 BC was relatively short: the Romans beat the Samnites in two battles, but were forced to withdraw before they could pursue the conflict further due to the revol... |
squad_v2_94 | [
{
"content": "Next question: What starts to decrease at 9 p.m.\n\n",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "I don't know.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | Melatonin is absent from the system or undetectably low during daytime. Its onset in dim light, dim-light melatonin onset (DLMO), at roughly 21:00 (9 p.m.) can be measured in the blood or the saliva. Its major metabolite can also be measured in morning urine. Both DLMO and the midpoint (in time) of the presence of the ... |
squad_v2_95 | [
{
"content": "Next question: What was the informal version of laws the Eastern Catholic churches?\n\n",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "I don't know.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | The canon law of the Eastern Catholic Churches, which had developed some different disciplines and practices, underwent its own process of codification, resulting in the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches promulgated in 1990 by Pope John Paul II. |
squad_v2_96 | [
{
"content": "What is the name of the Japanese national anthem??",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Kimi ga Yo",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | The lyrics of the modern Japanese national anthem, Kimi ga Yo, were written in the Heian period, as was The Tale of Genji by Murasaki Shikibu, one of the first novels ever written. Murasaki Shikibu's contemporary and rival Sei Shōnagon's revealing observations and musings as an attendant in the Empress' court were reco... |
squad_v2_97 | [
{
"content": "Answer this question:\n\nWhen was the Porcelain Tower destroyed??",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "in the 19th century",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | Besides the city wall, other famous Ming-era structures in the city included the famous Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum and Porcelain Tower, although the latter was destroyed by the Taipings in the 19th century either in order to prevent a hostile faction from using it to observe and shell the city or from superstitious fear o... |
squad_v2_98 | [
{
"content": "Please answer this question: Where are the perennial herbs primarily located?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "I don't know.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | The Appalachians are characterized by a wealth of large, beautiful deciduous broadleaf (hardwood) trees. Their occurrences are best summarized and described in E. Lucy Braun's 1950 classic, Deciduous Forests of Eastern North America (Macmillan, New York). The most diverse and richest forests are the mixed mesophytic or... |
squad_v2_99 | [
{
"content": "Next question: What does the conceptual view offer?\n\n",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "a level of indirection between internal and external",
"role": "assistant"
}
] | close_qa | The conceptual view provides a level of indirection between internal and external. On one hand it provides a common view of the database, independent of different external view structures, and on the other hand it abstracts away details of how the data are stored or managed (internal level). In principle every level, a... |
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