filename string | title string | abstract string | pred_lin sequence |
|---|---|---|---|
3A1831639777.jsonld | Chapter 20. Term Structure of Uncertainty in the Macroeconomy | Dynamic economic models make predictions about impulse responses that characterize how macroeconomic processes respond to alternative shocks over different horizons. From the perspective of asset pricing, impulse responses quantify the exposure of macroeconomic processes and other cash flows to macroeconomic shocks. Fi... | [
"['oek']"
] |
3A1831632276.jsonld | 6. Non-market and Organizational Research | Modern laboratory experimental methods were heavily influenced by research in the worlds of non-market, public choice and political science. In the early 1970s these areas held much new theory and the conflicts among theories, including conflicts across disciplinary boundaries were visible. The public economics and politi... | [
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3A730042766.jsonld | The shipbuilding industry in Viet Nam | This report on the shipbuilding industry in Viet Nam is one of a series of such reports intended to provide an insight in the shipbuilding sector of both OECD and non-OECD economies. | [
"['oek']",
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3A1831649179.jsonld | Chapter Twenty. Social Choice with Fuzzy Preferences | Fuzzy set theory has been explicitly introduced to deal with vagueness and ambiguity. One can also use probability theory or techniques borrowed from philosophical logic. In this chapter, we consider fuzzy preferences and we survey the literature on aggregation of fuzzy preferences. We restrict ourselves to “pure aggre... | [
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3A1831635461.jsonld | Chapter 6 Axiomatic cost and surplus sharing | The equitable division of a joint cost (or a jointly produced output) among agents with different shares or types of output (or input) commodities, is a central theme of the theory of cooperative games with transferable utility. Ever since Shapley's seminal contribution in 1953, this question has generated some of the ... | [
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3A1831641119.jsonld | Chapter 35 A Survey of Peace Economics | Peace economics can be defined as the use of economics to understand the causes and effects of violent conflict in the international system and the ways that conflict can be avoided, managed, or resolved. This chapter surveys major subject areas of peace economics, highlighting seminal as well as current contributions.... | [
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3A1831635054.jsonld | Chapter 33 Culture in International Trade | Cultural allegiances whether inherited, imposed or chosen, affect economic activity. Many of these cultural layers – ethnic background, religion, language, ideological orientation, and artistic interests – spill over national boundaries. Cultural ideas travel the world along many routes from the Silk Road to modern ele... | [
"['oek']"
] |
3A1831650134.jsonld | Chapter 7. Regional Computable General Equilibrium Modeling | Over the past three decades the field of regional computable general equilibrium (CGE) modeling has flourished, growing from a handful of top-down, single-region and low-dimensioned multiregional models, to a mature field, in which output of large-scale general-purpose multiregional CGE models has become a standard inp... | [
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3A1831644525.jsonld | Chapter 25. Institutions and Laws in the Labor Market | This chapter examines the impact of wage-setting institutions and government policies on wages and employment, focusing on the OECD countries. There is considerable evidence that centralized collective bargaining, minimum wages and antidiscrimination policies raise the relative wages of the low paid. Evidence of the im... | [
"['oek']"
] |
3A1831631776.jsonld | Chapter 14. Workplace-Linked Pensions for an Aging Demographic | Pensions and population aging intersect in two ways. First, demographic change threatens the sustainability of traditional pay-as-you-go social security pensions, leaving workplace-linked pensions with a greater role in retirement provision. Second, as the Baby Boom generation enters retirement, new challenges arise ar... | [
"['oek']",
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3A1831640856.jsonld | Chapter 37 Some Fun, Thirty-Five Years Ago | A pencil-and-paper experiment with spacial segregation leads to some general phenomena of spatial organization. | [
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3A73000435X.jsonld | The turmoil and the financial industry : Developments and policy responses | The situation in financial markets deteriorated over the past year, but government actions have helped to avert an even bigger crisis. While some signs of recovery are on the horizon, the banking sectors in many countries are not yet on solid footing. Recent government programmes that deal with banks’ ‘toxic assets’ ar... | [
"['oek']",
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3A1831654261.jsonld | Chapter 13. Local Interactions | Local interactions refer to social and economic phenomena where individuals' choices are influenced by the choices of others who are close to them socially or geographically. This represents a fairly accurate picture of human experience. Furthermore, since local interactions imply particular forms of externalities, the... | [
"['oek']"
] |
3A1831651351.jsonld | Chapter 9. New Technologies and Cultural Consumption | New technologies affect cultural consumption in several ways. Technological change lowers the cost of cultural consumption, inducing substitution and/or increasing demand, in both cases increasing consumer welfare. Technological change can also impact dynamically, inducing increased variety supplied both by professiona... | [
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3A1831653214.jsonld | Chapter Two. Causes and Consequences of Regional Variations in Health Care | There are widespread differences in health care spending and utilization across regions of the US as well as in other countries. Are these variations caused by demand-side factors such as patient preferences, health status, income, or access? Or are they caused by supply-side factors such as provider financial incentiv... | [
"['oek']",
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3A183165329X.jsonld | Chapter 3. Health and Economic Growth | This chapter examines the relationship between health and economic growth. Across countries, income per capita is highly correlated with health, as measured by life expectancy or a number of other indicators. Within countries, there is also a correlation between people’s health and income. Finally, over time, the histo... | [
"['oek']"
] |
3A1831654679.jsonld | Chapter 71. Access to Finance | Expanding access to financial services holds the promise to help reduce poverty and spur economic development. But, as a practical matter, commercial banks have faced challenges expanding access to poor and low-income households in developing economies, and nonprofits have had limited reach. We review recent innovation... | [
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3A1831632136.jsonld | Chapter 6 The Theory of Public Enforcement of Law | This chapter surveys the theory of the public enforcement of law—the use of governmental agents (regulators, inspectors, tax auditors, police, prosecutors) to detect and to sanction violators of legal rules. The theoretical core of the analysis addresses the following basic questions: Should the form of the sanction im... | [
"['jur']"
] |
3A1831632284.jsonld | 5. Mechanism Design and Policy Applications | Early in the development of experimental economics interest emerged in using the lab as a test bed for mechanism design and the examination of public policy questions.The contingent valuation method (CVM) is a hypothetical survey instrument that has been widely used and promoted in the assessment of environmental resou... | [
"['oek']"
] |
3A1831636662.jsonld | Chapter 42 The land market and government intervention | Two kinds of government intervention in the land market are considered. The first is the control of development, of which the most studied form is zoning, but we also consider the designation of conservation areas and the effects of growth controls. Growth control may raise the price of land, allowing an infrastructure... | [
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3A1831650398.jsonld | Chapter 9. Neighborhood and Network Effects | In this chapter, we provide an overview of research on neighborhoods and social networks and their role in shaping behavior and economic outcomes. We include a discussion of empirical and theoretical analyses of the role of neighborhoods and social networks in crime, education, and labor-market outcomes. In particular,... | [
"['sow']",
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3A1831637472.jsonld | Chapter 3 Residential mobility and household location modelling | This chapter describes the concept of residential mobility and household location modeling. It focuses on the nature of household location and attempts to link the two underlying components of housing markets and residential mobility and migration. There has been a tendency to separate the investigations of housing mar... | [
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3A1831634821.jsonld | Chapter 14 Growth Strategies | This is an attempt to derive broad, strategic lessons from the diverse experience with economic growth in last fifty years. The paper revolves around two key arguments. One is that neoclassical economic analysis is a lot more flexible than its practitioners in the policy domain have generally given it credit. In partic... | [
"['oek']"
] |
3A1831640708.jsonld | Chapter 5. Heterogeneous Agent Models in Finance | This chapter surveys the state-of-art of heterogeneous agent models (HAMs) in finance using a jointly theoretical and empirical analysis, combined with numerical analysis from the latest development in computational finance. It provides supporting evidence on the explanatory power of HAMs to various stylized facts and ... | [
"['oek']"
] |
3A1831651599.jsonld | Chapter 22. The Labor Market Integration and Impacts of US Immigrants | Over the last several decades, two of the most significant developments in the US labor market have been: (1) rising inequality, and (2) growth in both the size and the diversity of immigration flows. Because a large share of new immigrants arrive with very low levels of schooling, English proficiency, and other skills... | [
"['oek']",
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3A1831632675.jsonld | Chapter 85 Spiteful Behavior in Voluntary Contribution Mechanism Experiments | One of the basic findings in public good provision experiments via the voluntary contribution mechanism is that subjects contribute a considerable amount of their initial holdings to the provision of a public good even when no contribution is the dominant strategy. On the other hand, there are three fundamental critici... | [
"['oek']"
] |
3A1831635100.jsonld | Chapter 28 Cultural Heritage: Economic Analysis and Public Policy | This chapter shows how economic theory and public policy analysis can illuminate decision-making relating to cultural heritage. We argue that from an economic viewpoint the appropriate conceptualisation of heritage is as a capital asset. Regarding heritage as cultural capital invites consideration of sustainability asp... | [
"['oek']"
] |
3A730016056.jsonld | The Performance of Financial Groups in the Recent Difficult Environment | The past few years were characterised by an economic downturn, a substantial stock market correction from March 2000 to March 2003, financial asset deterioration, record corporate default rates, the Argentina sovereign default and several natural and man-made catastrophes, including most notably the September 11 attack... | [
"['oek']"
] |
3A770634133.jsonld | Proposal and Development of Ultrasonic Motion Control Mechanism | Ultrasonic motion control mechanism, ultrasonic vibration, traveling wave, friction reduction effect, self-locking | [
"['phy']",
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3A1831639920.jsonld | Chapter 11. Macroeconomics and Household Heterogeneity | The goal of this chapter is to study how, and by how much, household income, wealth, and preference heterogeneity amplify and propagate a macroeconomic shock. We focus on the US Great Recession of 2007–09 and proceed in two steps. First, using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, we document the patterns of ho... | [
"['oek']"
] |
3A770763170.jsonld | Maximizing the output power of a piezoelectric generator from the admittance measurement by selecting the rectification technique | Energy harvesting, rectifiers, piezoelectric transducer, impedance matching, synchronized switch harvesting on inductor | [
"['elt']"
] |
3A730035492.jsonld | Looking Backward, Moving Forward : Licensing New Reactors in the United States | Aresurgence of interest in new nuclear power generation as part of the energy mix has emerged around the world in the past few years. The reasons for this potential “nuclear renaissance” stem from a complex set of considerations, including the environmental benefits of no “greenhouse” gas emissions, the enhanced reliab... | [
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3A183165458X.jsonld | Postscript to Financial Globalization and Economic Policies | The global financial crisis serves as a reminder of the risks of financial globalization. After grappling with surges of capital inflows earlier in this decade, many emerging market and developing economies experienced a sharp reversal of those inflows in late 2008 as a result of the crisis. Moreover, international fin... | [
"['oek']"
] |
3A730040658.jsonld | Summary Notes | United States Legislation approving the U.S.-India 123 Agreement (2008) International Atomic Energy Agency Approval of India safeguards agreement by IAEA Board of Governors (2008) Nuclear Suppliers Group Statement on civil nuclear co-operation with India (2008) | [
"['phy']"
] |
3A1831644258.jsonld | Author index | This chapter lists the names of the persons who have directly or indirectly contributed towards this publication titled Labor Economics, volume 3B. | [
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3A1831634848.jsonld | Chapter 12 Finance and Growth: Theory and Evidence | This paper reviews, appraises, and critiques theoretical and empirical research on the connections between the operation of the financial system and economic growth. While subject to ample qualifications and countervailing views, the preponderance of evidence suggests that both financial intermediaries and markets matt... | [
"['oek']"
] |
3A1831636336.jsonld | Chapter 15 Recreation Demand Models | Travel cost recreation demand models stem from a simple, but penetrating, insight. Consumption of an outdoor recreation site's services requires the user to incur the costs of a trip to that site. Travel costs serve as implicit prices. These costs reflect both people's distances from recreation sites visited and their ... | [
"['oek']"
] |
3A183165024X.jsonld | Chapter 20. Transportation Costs and the Spatial Organization of Economic Activity | This chapter surveys the theoretical and empirical literature on the relationship between the spatial distribution of economic activity and transportation costs. We develop a multiregion model of economic geography that we use to understand the general equilibrium implications of transportation infrastructure improveme... | [
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3A1831654334.jsonld | Chapter 6. Social Construction of Preferences : Advertising | We examine, with the tools of economics, a fundamental tenet of some of the most recent theoretical work in sociology, which we refer to as the Postmodernist Critique : preferences are socially constructed, firms exploit their monopoly power through advertising in order to create new (false) needs in consumers, and, as... | [
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3A183164889X.jsonld | Chapter 16. Technological Innovation and the Theory of the Firm : The Role of Enterprise-Level Knowledge, Complementarities, and (Dynamic) Capabilities | The firm is the central actor for the effectuation of innovation and technological change. The large industrial laboratories of the previous century have given way to more organizationally and geographically diffuse sources of technology, placing even greater emphasis on the coordination skills of managers. Dynamic cap... | [
"['oek']",
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3A730033465.jsonld | Economic opening and the demand for skills in developing countries : A review of theory and evidence | A policy reform such as trade liberalisation can accelerate structural change in an economy, causing an exogenous shift in relative factor demands. For some developing countries, the result may be an increase in skills demand associated with the adoption of newly available foreign technology and lower-cost imported cap... | [
"['oek']"
] |
3A1831640546.jsonld | Chapter 2 Computation of equilibria in finite games | This chapter provides an overview of the latest state of the art of methods for numerical computation of Nash equilibria and refinements of Nash equilibria for general finite n -person games. The appropriate method for computing Nash equilibria for a game depends on a number of factors. The first and most important fac... | [
"['mat']",
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3A1831651815.jsonld | Chapter 9. Algorithmic Mechanism Design : Through the lens of Multiunit auctions | Mechanism design is a subfield of game theory that aims to design games whose equilibria have desired properties such as achieving high efficiency or high revenue. Algorithmic mechanism design is a subfield that lies on the border of mechanism design and computer science and deals with mechanism design in algorithmical... | [
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3A1831641380.jsonld | Chapter 11 Military expenditure and developing countries | Military expenditure in developing countries raises complex questions regarding growth, development, security and governance. This chapter provides an analytical survey of the effects and causes of defense spending in developing economies. Using stylized facts, theoretical models and empirical results, it discusses som... | [
"['oek']",
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3A1831643804.jsonld | Chapter 61 Using Randomization in Development Economics Research: A Toolkit | This paper is a practical guide (a toolkit) for researchers, students and practitioners wishing to introduce randomization as part of a research design in the field. It first covers the rationale for the use of randomization, as a solution to selection bias and a partial solution to publication biases. Second, it discu... | [
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3A1831634791.jsonld | Chapter 17. Long-Term Economic Growth and the History of Technology | Modern economic growth started in the West in the early nineteenth century. This survey discusses the precise connection between the Industrial Revolution and the beginnings of growth, and connects it to the intellectual and economic factors underlying the growth of useful knowledge. The connections between science, te... | [
"['oek']",
"['his']"
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3A1831633566.jsonld | Introduction to the Series | This chapter provides self-contained surveys of the current state of a branch of economics by leading specialists on various aspects of this branch of economics. It presents comprehensive and accessible surveys. | [
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3A730043959.jsonld | Financial Markets Highlights November 2007 | Over the summer, financial markets weakened substantially as some of the risks that had built up during a period of easy financing, in particular in the housing market, materialised. Volatility has increased, and while equity markets have regained strength, tensions remain on credit markets.... | [
"['oek']"
] |
3A1831648598.jsonld | Chapter 3. Lab Labor: What Can Labor Economists Learn from the Lab? | This chapter surveys the contributions of laboratory experiments to labor economics. We begin with a discussion of methodological issues: when (and why) is a lab experiment the best approach; how do laboratory experiments compare to field experiments; and what are the main design issues? We then summarize the substanti... | [
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3A1831639807.jsonld | Chapter 18. Macro, Money, and Finance : A Continuous-Time Approach | This chapter puts forward a manual for how to setup and solve a continuous time model that allows to analyze endogenous (1) level and risk dynamics. The latter includes (2) tail risk and crisis probability as well as (3) the Volatility Paradox. Concepts such as (4) illiquidity and liquidity mismatch, (5) endogenous lev... | [
"['oek']",
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3A729998150.jsonld | Non-Commercial Services Obligations and Liberalisation | Universal service obligations are common in many of the infrastructure sectors. The obligations are often cited as a justification for limiting entry of new providers because the new providers would cherry-pick the highprofit customers who provide the basis for subsidization of another group of customers. When obligati... | [
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3A1831649497.jsonld | Chapter 1. Behavioral Economics of Education : Progress and Possibilities | Behavioral economics attempts to integrate insights from psychology, neuroscience, and sociology in order to better predict individual outcomes and develop more effective policy. While the field has been successfully applied to many areas, education has, so far, received less attention — a surprising oversight, given t... | [
"['oek']",
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3A730042650.jsonld | Retail Instruments in Public Funding Strategies | Retail borrowing programmes are one component of government debt issuance in both OECD and non-OECD countries. These programmes take a variety of forms and often exist to satisfy a number of objectives. In some jurisdictions, they play a significant funding role. Even in countries where retail borrowing programmes play... | [
"['oek']"
] |
3A1831637499.jsonld | Chapter 1 Advances in regional economics | This chapter focuses on the advances made in regional economics. Regional economics analyzes the spatial dispersion and coherence of economic activities. Although it is a fairly recent discipline, the history of economics shows various early attempts to explicitly address spatial issuesfor e.g., in comparative costtheo... | [
"['oek']",
"['geo']"
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3A1831642786.jsonld | Chapter 12 Product differentiation | Any set of commodities closely related in consumption and/or in production may be regarded as differentiated products. Close relation in consumption depends on consumers' tastes. Elementary scientific methodology tells that theories aspiring to empirical relevance must be consistent with the observed facts. For this re... | [
"['oek']"
] |
3A1831640937.jsonld | Chapter 29 Computational Methods and Models of Politics | In this chapter, we assess recent contributions of computational models to the study of politics. We focus primarily on agent-based models developed by economists and political scientists. These models address collective action problems, questions related to institutional design and performance, issues in international... | [
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3A730036502.jsonld | Longevity Risk and Private Pensions | This paper examines how uncertainty regarding future mortality and life expectancy outcomes, i.e. longevity risk, affects employer-provided defined benefit (DB) private pension plans liabilities. For this purpose, it examines the different approaches that private pension plans follow in practice when incorporating long... | [
"['oek']"
] |
3A73001665X.jsonld | Issues for Trade and Competition in the Global Context | The complex relationship between trade policy and competition policy has been under study in the OECD for many years. In response to the Doha Declaration by WTO Ministers (November 2001), the OECD intensified its efforts, focussing on the topics suggested in Paragraphs 23-25 of the Declaration, i) core principles of no... | [
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3A1831651572.jsonld | Chapter 24. Immigration in Europe : Trends, Policies, and Empirical Evidence | This chapter summarizes the main trends, policies, and empirical evidence regarding immigration in Europe. We start by providing descriptive evidence on long-term immigration trends and current characteristics of the immigrant populations in various important European destination countries and Europe as a whole. We the... | [
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3A1831636301.jsonld | Chapter 18 Cognitive Processes in Stated Preference Methods | Cognitive psychology is best known, to many environmental economists, through the filter of acrimonious debates over the validity of contingent valuation methods (CVM). Psychologists' views on CVM reflect concerns that are deeply rooted in their profession's history and theories. Although psychologists have participate... | [
"['oek']"
] |
3A730043045.jsonld | West Africa: the dynamics and trends of international migration | OECD countries receive a little less than half (97 million in 2000) of the world’s total migrants, of which 3.8 million are from Northern Africa and 1.2 million are from West Africa. West African migration is on the rise, due mainly to an increase in intra-regional mobility (7.5 million). Within the OECD, North America... | [
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3A730037746.jsonld | International Legal Instruments Promoting Synergies in Nuclear Safety, Security and Safeguards : Myth or Reality? | With the discovery of radioactivity and ionizing radiation at the turn of the twentieth century, mankind broke new ground in science and technology. These discoveries, which we now call the “dawn of the nuclear age”,1 paved the way for hundreds of scientists and engineers in their quest to improve our standard of livin... | [
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3A1831634767.jsonld | Chapter 20. The Effects of Technical Change on Labor Market Inequalities | In this chapter we inspect economic mechanisms through which technological progress shapes the degree of inequality among workers in the labor market. A key focus is on the rise of U.S. wage inequality over the past 30 years. However, we also pay attention to how Europe did not experience changes in wage inequality but... | [
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3A1831634031.jsonld | Chapter 9 Approximate Nonlinear Forecasting Methods | We review key aspects of forecasting using nonlinear models. Because economic models are typically misspecified, the resulting forecasts provide only an approximation to the best possible forecast. Although it is in principle possible to obtain superior approximations to the optimal forecast using nonlinear methods, th... | [
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3A1831638452.jsonld | Chapter 9 Human capital: Migration and rural population change | The movement of labor out of agriculture is a universal concomitant of economic modernization and growth. Traditional migration models overlook many potential interactions between migration and development. Given imperfect markets characterizing most migrant-sending areas, migration and remittances can have far-reachin... | [
"['oek']",
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3A1831641933.jsonld | Chapter 3 Games with perfect information | This chapter discusses the games with perfect information (PI). The most seriously played PI-games are Chess and Go. But there are numerous other interesting PI-games: Checkers, Chinese Checkers, Halma, Nim, Hex, their misre variants, etc. Perfect information means that at each time only one of the players moves, that ... | [
"['mat']",
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3A730011305.jsonld | Risk Capital in OECD Countries : Past Experience, Current Situation and Policies for Promoting Entrepreneurial Finance | This article follows up on monitoring and analysing developments and structural issues related to risk capital undertaken by the OECD since the mid-1990s. Risk capital, i.e. finance for fast-growth SMEs, should help to foster entrepreneurship and a high rate of company formation which is seen as essential to achieving ... | [
"['oek']"
] |
3A1831640503.jsonld | Chapter 6 Sectoral economics | This chapter discusses a common set of methods that are not currently in wide use in either microeconomics or macroeconomics, but constitute a core of the methodology for models in many different sectors of the economy. The chapter also provides an overview of the varieties of sectoral models, and discusses the ways in... | [
"['oek']"
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3A1831632845.jsonld | Chapter 68 The Combinatorial Auction | This chapter summarizes a market mechanism for a combinatorial sealed-bid auction that was motivated by the airport slot problem under which bidders would submit bids for packages of slots that support their schedules. Under this scheme, the elemental resources would be allocated only in the form of those combinations ... | [
"['oek']"
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3A1831640414.jsonld | Chapter 15 Monte carlo simulation and numerical integration | This chapter discusses simulation methods that are both important and useful in the solution of integration problems, and discusses the principles for the practical application of simulation in economics with a focus on integration problems. The simulation methods are generally straightforward for the investigator to i... | [
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3A1831654539.jsonld | Chapter 5. Computational Methods for Derivatives with Early Exercise Features | In this paper we consider various computational methods for pricing American style derivatives. We do so under both jump diffusion and stochastic volatility processes. We consider integral transform methods, the method of lines, operator-splitting, and the Crank-Nicolson scheme, the latter being used to generate the be... | [
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3A183164004X.jsonld | Chapter 5. Who Bears the Cost of Recessions? The Role of House Prices and Household Debt | This chapter reviews empirical estimates of differential income and consumption growth across individuals during recessions. Most existing studies examine the variation in income and consumption growth across individuals by sorting on ex ante or contemporaneous income or consumption levels. We build on this literature ... | [
"['oek']"
] |
3A1831630710.jsonld | Chapter 5. The Evidence on Mergers and Acquisitions: A Historical and Modern Report | We review historical and current research on mergers and acquisitions. The literature is extensive. After a discussion of earlier survey articles (our “survey of the surveys”), we provide a review of more than 120 M&A related-articles published in leading finance journals since 2011. A basic important finding in th... | [
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3A1831654318.jsonld | Chapter 8. Social Norms | Social norms are customary or ideal forms of behavior to which individuals in a group try to conform. From an analytical standpoint, the key feature of social norms is that they induce a positive feedback loop between individual and group behavior: the more widely that a norm is practiced by members of a group, the mor... | [
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3A73000399X.jsonld | Households' wealth composition across OECD countries and financial risks borne by households | The first section of this article presents a combined analysis of households’ financial and non-financial balance sheets across OECD countries over the period 1995-2006, based on two OECD data collections – financial balance sheet accounts and households’ financial and non-financial assets. The scope of the study mainl... | [
"['oek']"
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3A1831642654.jsonld | Chapter 21 International differences in industrial organization | Some of the most conspicuous and intriguing international differences in institutions lie in the control, ownership, and integration of enterprises. It is widely accepted that Coase's classic questionWhy does the boundary between the firm and the market fall where it does?is answered by identifying the transactioncost ... | [
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3A1831635488.jsonld | Chapter 4 Voting procedures | Voting procedures focus on the aggregation of individuals' preferences to produce collective decisions. In practice, a voting procedure is characterized by ballot responses and the way ballots are tallied to determine winners. Voters are assumed to have clear preferences over candidates and attempt to maximize satisfac... | [
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3A183163404X.jsonld | Chapter 8 Forecasting economic variables with nonlinear models | The topic of this chapter is forecasting with nonlinear models. First, a number of well-known nonlinear models are introduced and their properties discussed. These include the smooth transition regression model, the switching regression model whose univariate counterpart is called threshold autoregressive model, the Ma... | [
"['oek']",
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3A730001296.jsonld | The "Incentive" Concept as Developed in the Nuclear Safety Conventions and its Possible Extension to Other Sectors | On 26 April 1986, the international nuclear community experienced a dramatic “wake-up call” when the reactor core of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant, situated in the former Ukrainian Republic of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, melted down. Due to the large volume of radioactive elements which were released i... | [
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3A1831638916.jsonld | Chapter 27 Antitrust and competition in health care markets | In this chapter we review issues relating to antitrust and competition in health care markets. The chapter begins with a brief review of antitrust legislation. We then discuss whether and how health care is different from other industries in ways that might affect the optimality of competition. The chapter then focuses... | [
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3A1831645505.jsonld | Chapter 6 Tax policy in open economies | This chapter discusses tax policy in open economies. The chapter discusses the theory of optimum taxation in an economy open to international trade. Most formal models of optimum taxation assume away international trade. Its presence does not alter any basic issues or methods. The economic objectives of the policy rema... | [
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3A1831638967.jsonld | Chapter 22 Economics of general practice | General (or family) practice and its role within primary care is increasingly regarded as the key to achieving efficiency and equity in many health care systems. This is particularly relevant where general practitioners (GPs) act as gatekeepers to specialist care. This chapter outlines the main economic issues in gener... | [
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3A730043088.jsonld | The Impact of Pension Funds on Financial Markets | This paper empirically explores the impact of pension funds on market volatility, equity prices, government and corporate bond yields for a panel of 24 countries. The results show a positive and statistically significant relationship between market volatility and pension assets. It complements micro evidence (Dennis an... | [
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3A1831635305.jsonld | Chapter 8 Copies of Artworks: The Case of Paintings and Prints | In his essay on imitation in the arts, Adam Smith considers that the exact copy of an artwork always deserves less merit than the original. But the hierarchy between copies and originals has changed over time. So has the perception of copies by lawyers, philosophers, art historians and curators. The development of a ma... | [
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3A730029530.jsonld | Changes in the Legal Status of the Commissariat à l'énergie atomique (CEA) | This provision in the Ordinance of 18 October 19451 is the birth certificate for the Atomic Energy Commission (hereinafter CEA, Commissariat à l’énergie atomique), a public entity whose legal nature has, for a long time now, been unique and the subject of debate. On 18 October 2009, the CEA will nevertheless celebrate ... | [
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3A73002041X.jsonld | A Note on Benefit Security | A reoccurring motif in pension literature and policy is the search for “benefit security” – that is, assurance to members of a pension regime that, at the end of the working career, they will get some reasonably predictable outcome, either as a pension (benefit stream) or a lump sum. The purpose of this note is to pres... | [
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3A183164097X.jsonld | Chapter 25 Agent-based Models of Innovation and Technological Change | This chapter discusses the potential of the agent-based computational economics approach for the analysis of processes of innovation and technological change. It is argued that, on the one hand, several genuine properties of innovation processes make the possibilities offered by agent-based modelling particularly appea... | [
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3A1831647672.jsonld | Chapter 24 Increasing returns, imperfect competition and the positive theory of international trade | This focuses on increasing returns, imperfect competition, and the positive theory of international trade. It describes the integrated-economy approach to international trade. It is common in the expositions of the international trade theory to start by imagining two isolated countries, which then are allowed to begin ... | [
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3A1831652390.jsonld | Chapter 23. Labor and Credit Networks in Developing Economies | The past decade has witnessed a surge of interest in the economic analysis of networks. This chapter is concerned with the role played by labor and credit networks in shaping economic activity in developing countries. The problem of identifying network effects on economic outcomes is first discussed, followed by soluti... | [
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3A1755559356.jsonld | Development of a test environment for the evaluation of human-technology interaction in cockpits of highly-automated vehicles | This paper presents a technologically independent framework to describe test environments suitable for the examination of the driver take-over task present in highly-automated vehicles. As part of a structural analysis, typical influencing factors and parameters defining the driver take-over task are discussed. Accordi... | [
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3A1831641836.jsonld | Chapter 13 Axiomatizations of the core | The core is, the most intuitive solution concept in cooperative game theory. An intuitively acceptable axiom system for the core might reinforce its position as the most natural" solution. An axiomatization of the core may serve two other, more important goals: (1) by obtaining axioms for the core, those important prop... | [
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3A1831638142.jsonld | Chapter 30 The rural sector in transition economies | Inefficiencies in agriculture in Eastern and Central Europe and the Soviet Union contributed to the financial collapse of the socialist system. Yet during the transition, agricultural production has declined. Low profits, high real interest rates, slow progress in reforms in some countries, and uncertainty have restric... | [
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3A730036421.jsonld | A comparison of structural productivity levels in the major industrialised countries | Hourly labour productivity, along with average hours worked, the employment rate and the working-age population as a share of the total population, is one of the accounting aggregates that determine per capita GDP. Yet according to many analyses, hourly labour productivity in several European countries is much the same... | [
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3A730043908.jsonld | Guidelines for Insurers' Governance | On 28 April 2005, the OECD Council approved the Recommendation on Guidelines for Insurers’ Governance. Guidelines were first endorsed by the OECD Insurance and Private Pensions Committee in collaboration and wide consultation with the 30 member countries’ governmental experts in the insurance sector as well as the insu... | [
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3A1831631849.jsonld | Chapter 10. Conflict and Cooperation Within the Family, and Between the State and the Family, in the Provision of Old-Age Security | The early contributions to the microeconomic literature assume that only market goods yield utility, and that the only way adults can secure the consumption of these goods in old age is by saving. The more recent contributions recognize, however, that the elderly derive utility also from goods without a perfect market ... | [
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3A730017680.jsonld | What is the private return to tertiary education? : New evidence from 21 OECD countries | This article provides estimates of the private Internal Rates of Return to tertiary education for women and men in 21 OECD countries, for the years between 1991 and 2005. IRR are computed by estimating labour market premia on cross-country comparable individual-level data. Labour market premia are then adjusted for fis... | [
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3A1831652641.jsonld | Chapter 3. The Theory of Risk and Risk Aversion | Risk and risk aversion are important concepts when modeling how to choose from or rank a set of random variables. This chapter reviews and summarizes the definitions and related findings concerning risk aversion and risk in both a mean-variance and an expected utility decision model context. | [
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3A1831650886.jsonld | Chapter 19. Market Liquidity—Theory and Empirical Evidence | In this paper we survey the theoretical and empirical literatures on market liquidity. We organize both literatures around three basic questions: (a) how to measure illiquidity, (b) how illiquidity relates to underlying market imperfections and other asset characteristics, and (c) how illiquidity affects expected asset... | [
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3A183163256X.jsonld | Chapter 96 Growing Organizational Culture in the Laboratory | The states of the world are possible sequences of pictures that both the manager and employee have in front of them. The pictures are of complex office environments, in which there are several people, objects, and activities. The pictures all overlap substantially in content, but also all have several unique elements. ... | [
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3A730020029.jsonld | Competition Issues in the Electricity Sector | Electricity markets are prone to the exercise of market power due to a combination of factors including: inelastic demand, lack of extensive practical storage of electricity, transmission congestion, transmission loop flows and capacity constraints coupled with diversity in the marginal costs of different types of gene... | [
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