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American lawmakers have colluded with Wall Street executives to build an economy that no longer works in the best interest of, or even needs, the majority of the American public, according to RT financial host Max Keiser.
RT:There’s a lot of hype and some would say overreaction around all of this but the tell-tale sign is the markets. They haven’t reacted negatively. Is there really a crisis here?
Max Keiser: I think we should take the words of Warren Buffet to heart. He basically described the Federal Reserve Bank and the American economy as one giant hedge fund. And he is absolutely correct. The way that Wall Street, Washington, and these large funds approach America is as a trade that is backed by $120,000 or $130,000 of debt and that debt gets traded around every day. And the whole initiative here is to buy hedge funds and try to squeak out profits, and they don’t really care who they hurt in the process. Remember America is run by what I call financial jihadists who are basically suicide bankers. Warren Buffett, of course, is one of these suicide bankers and America, from the outside of course, looks like they’re trying to commit financial suicide. But that’s what a financial jihadist does, or a suicide banker. They blow themselves up for their cause and in this case it’s market fundamentalism, a belief in the profit - not the prophet.
RT:But other tell-tale signs of the economy improving are there, Max. Are we to believe the economic indicators which suggest the US economy is on the up?
MK: Well, you look at a deal recently between Carl Icahn and Apple computers. It’s the story of two different economies because most Americans deal day-to-day, hand-to-mouth, paycheck-to-paycheck. Then you have the other economy which is the Wall Street economy, the financial jihadist economy. Carl Icahn can tweet about getting Apple to buy back $150 billion of their own stock, which of course is financed with zero percent interest rates and if they make a mistake they get bailed out just like long-term capital management was bailed out. Remember that in the late 1990s, early 2000s, long-term capital management ran into trouble. Alan Greenspan – the Fed chairman at the time – bailed them out. He lowered interest rates to bail out a hedge fund. What will happen here – this is the outcome, there’s two outcomes – either the Federal Reserve Bank will increase their monthly buyback of bonds from $85 billion a month to $120 or $130 billion a month, or America defaults on its sovereign debt like it did in 1971 when it closed the gold window. Those are the two outcomes. So what we see here is jockeying between these two powerful sources in Washington, Congress, and the Senate. By the way - they all own stocks. Insider trading is legal. They’re all trading this information, they’re on their little phones and they’re trading stocks up and down and making money at the expense of the American people because they are financial terrorists as well. Financial terrorists have captured the American economy. I mean that’s plain and simple. Warren Buffet hit the nail on the head - America is just one giant hedge fund.
RT:But they will raise the debt ceiling won’t they? Or will they not, because Obama is clearly worried about that? They’re arguing about Obama’s health care. What’s going to happen with that crisis?
MK: The smart money would be short stock market right now and then when they raise the debt ceiling and print $120 billion to $130 billion a month in brand new quantitative easing there’ll be another huge rally. That’s the insider’s scoop; I’m telling you how to make money on this façade, this Kabuki theater that has become America. America is the most watched soap opera in the world right now; it’s a huge hedge fund. You’ve got CNBC covering it like it’s an episode from “Breaking Bad,” the popular show about methamphetamine on cable TV. Ben Bernake and Barack Obama, you can almost picture them in the back room cooking up some meth and selling it on the street to finance their habit, which is defense spending, torture, extraordinary rendition, bombing people overseas, droning people that costs a lot of money. The only way they can finance that is by treating the entire economy like it’s a hedge fund where they just extract wealth second by second, manipulating markets, trading inside information. JP Morgan, Lloyd Blankfein, HSBC, Barclays, inside trading, market manipulation; they’ve been caught at it time and time again. Laundering money from drug cartels in the face of HSBC over and over again. It’s just drugs, insider trading, market manipulation, and Warren Buffett. That’s all that’s left in America.
RT:You’re great with the plot lines so how is this particular episode going to end? The episode of the federal government shutdown. Is it going to end soon? Could it drag on for three weeks like we’ve seen in the past?
MK: A lot of people get hurt but the people in Washington consider the American public to be expendable. They don’t need the American public. They don’t need their taxes, they don’t need them working - because when they need money they just print it. It’s like Saudi Arabia in America. In Saudi Arabia when they need more money they just pump more oil. They don’t need the population, that’s why they live in destitute and why there’s so much poverty in Saudi Arabia. It’s the same thing in America – there’s a huge amount of poverty because...when they need some cash, they just get Ben Bernake to print it. It’s Saudi Arabia, it’s called the new American dream. The Saudi Arabian dream is alive in America.
The statements, views and opinions expressed in this column are solely those of the author and do not necessarily represent those of RT.
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1. MEANING OF THE SAMSUNG LOGO: In Korean, the word Samsung means “three stars.” The name was chosen by Samsung founder Lee Byung-chull whose vision was for his company to become powerful and everlasting like stars in the sky. The three stars remained as the company logo in various forms until 1993 when the current logo was introduced.
2. NEW MANAGEMENT: In June of 1993, while on a global tour, Samsung’s chairman, Lee Kun Hee arrived in Germany at a hotel in Frankfurt. He summoned all of Samsung’s executives from around the world for a senior meeting, where he gave a three day speech laying out his vision for the future of Samsung and what the company had to do to become successful. The most famous quote that came from the speech was: “Change everything except for your family.” Since then, Samsung has risen to become a global leader in consumer electronics. June 2013 will mark the 20th anniversary of New Management.
3. COMMITMENT TO QUALITY: In March 1995, Samsung’s Chairman Lee Kun Hee was not content with the quality of Samsung products. In order to get his employees to better understand the importance of quality, he had his staff assemble a pile of 150,000 phones and fax machines in a field outside the Gumi factory in South Korea. More than 2,000 employees gathered to watch the destruction of the old devices, ushering in a new era centered around product quality. Ever since that day, we have focused on creating high-quality premium products that have gained critical and commercial success globally.
4. HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT CENTER: Samsung’s culture is as diverse as the world in which we live. With 236,000 employees in 79 countries around the world, we look for ways to solve problems and meet consumer needs. Since 1993, Samsung’s Human Resource Development Center has offered 64 courses to 53,400 employees. It has deployed 5,045 Regional Specialists globally to drive global understanding and cultural awareness throughout the company. Regional Specialists is Samsung’s unique global training program in which employees spend one year in another country. Aside from their everyday work, the regional specialists have ample opportunities to explore the country’s culture, language and customs.
5. SAMSUNG THROUGH AND THROUGH: To ensure the highest quality products, 90% of Samsung products are produced by within Samsung’s own factories. We ensure a rigorous level of quality to every component that goes into our devices.
6. PEOPLE: With over 230,000 employees around the world, we are as much a local company as we are a global one. Our ties to the community run deep, as does our commitment to local investment and R&D efforts. We don’t just build an office, we look for ways to provide jobs, bring in new business and sponsor local events. We believe in the power of community to provide opportunity and spur creativity.
7. REVENUE: Samsung’s revenue in 2012 was $188 billion. By 2020, Samsung plans to reach $400 billion in revenue. This target will be driven by a continued focus on consumer electronics, but also through a concerted drive into new growth areas, such as enterprise sales and medical devices
8. THE SAMSUNG BRAND: Samsung was ranked 9th on the 2012 Interbrand Best Global Brands list. That is eight places higher than the year before and represents a 40% jump in brand value. Our brand promise is creating products and services that expand experience and open possibilities – possibilities for everyone, everywhere. And it means upholding a belief in shared responsibility – to our people, our planet and our society.
9. WORLD’S FIRST: Our products and services are made with users in mind; our designers aim to go beyond function to create technology that is an intuitive extension of people’s needs and lifestyles.
We constantly strive to create new experiences; we’ve done so for years. In 1996, Samsung commercialized the world’s first CDMA cellular system; in 1998, we invented the world’s first digital TV set. In 1999, we introduced the world’s first watch phone (SPH-WP10) as well as world’s first mp3 phone (SCH-M210/SPH-M2500) and the first TV Phone (SCH-M220).
10. NO.1 IN SMARTPHONES: Our goal is to deliver the best possible experience to every consumer; that’s why we work constantly to deliver the most intuitive experiences – along with the world’s best innovation and design – to the palm of a user’s hand. Samsung has sold more than 100 million GALAXY S series smartphones worldwide. Sales continue to increase, but in January 2013 the original GALAXY S had sold 24.6 million units, and the GALAXY S II and GALAXY S III had each sold over 40 million units.
11. NO.1 IN TVs: We see television as much more than just a screen. It’s a window – a window into new experiences, new discoveries and new possibilities. We make televisions for every market. We offer premium TVs with Smart Hub that sets new standards for performance, usability and design. We truly believe in innovation for all; that’s why 100 Samsung TVs are sold every minute and we’ve been the world’s most successful TV manufacturer for the past seven straight years.
12. MEMORY NO.1: Samsung has been a leader in the design and manufacturing of memory semiconductors since 1993. We create essential memory products, including dynamic random access memory (DRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), NAND flash memory, Solid State Drives (SSD) and a range of green memory solutions for use in PC, server and mobile applications. Samsung is also leading the industry in the advancement of next generation DRAM and NAND flash technologies while nurturing future memory technologies.
13. R&D INVESTMENT: In 2012, Samsung spent $10.8 billion in R&D or about 6% of the revenue. We didn’t get to be the world’s largest electronics company by telling customers one size fits all. We got there by trying new things and not being afraid to take risks. More than 25% of our workforce is dedicated to R&D and it is this relentless pursuit forward – investing in the new and unknown – that is the basis of our success.
14. R&D CENTERS: There are 33 R&D centers around the world. These include diverse locations such as Russia, India, Israel and China, as well as more established markets like North America, U.K., Japan and Korea. We make our products with the local consumer in mind; our designers and product developers travel the world, looking for ways to address specific local needs through technological innovation. We aim to create products that help make people’s lives better, regardless of where they are.
15. DESIGN CENTERS: Our commitment to design began more than 40 years ago and today there are six design centers in London, San Francisco, Tokyo, Shanghai, Delhi, , and Seoul. We hold more iF and IDEA design awards than any other technology company; in 2012 Samsung received 44 iF Awards and 7 IDEA Awards in 2012 – the most of any nominee.
16. PATENTS: Our technology is about more than just sharing information; it’s a gateway to new experiences; our products aren’t just practical – they’re helping people to discover things they’d never dreamed possible. To achieve this, we innovate relentlessly. That’s why Samsung is the No.1 holder of design- and mobile-related patents worldwide. In the US, Samsung holds the second-highest number of patents, with 5,081 patents registered by the US Patent Office in 2012.
17. PURSUIT OF INNOVATION: At Samsung we put creativity at the center of what we do. That’s reflected in products that give our customers the power to express their own unique talents and individuality. Samsung Galaxy Note II with S Pen provides faster, more accurate input.
The S9 Ultra HD TV offers unprecedented picture clarity and detail. The Smart TV Evolution Kit allows owners of select 2012 Samsung HDTV models to upgrade sets with latest hardware and software features. GALAXY Camera is the first 4G-enabled, Android-based digital camera.
18. ENVIRONMENTAL CERTIFICATION: Innovation at Samsung means more than new capabilities and smarter product features. Equally important is saving energy and using safe materials – merging advanced technology with a commitment social responsibility. You’ll see this throughout our range of products and services. From phone screens that save power by dimming when you look away, to washers that are made for cold water usage, we’re working smartly so you can, too.
From 2013, 100% of products are set to receive global standard environmental certifications. Samsung also ranked as the world’s most sustainable technology company in the 2011 Dow Jones Sustainability Index and was voted ENERGY STAR ‘Partner of the Year’ for the third-consecutive year in 2013. [
19. GREEN INVESTMENT: At Samsung. We uphold a belief in shared responsibility – to our people, our planet and our society. That’s why we hold ourselves to the highest standards along all areas of our supply chain and why we expect all those we work with to do the same. We will have invested $4.8 Billion between 2009 and 2013 to reduce 85 million tons of greenhouse gases and Greenhouse gas emissions from manufacturing have been reduced by 40% from 2009 levels.
20. FUTURE TECHNOLOGIES: Our passion is to bring people innovation that they’d never dreamed was possible. Honoring this commitment, Samsung incubates future technology through the Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology; it’s why we’re focusing on Future IT & Convergence, New Materials & Nanotechnology, Energy & Environment and Bio & Health.
We believe technology can change our world for the better. It can open up a universe of ideas. It can spark unknown passions. And it can connect people half a world away. That’s why, every day, we’re thinking of new ways to bring our technology to more people across the globe. For us, it’s about more than just products and services. We believe technology can open the door to a world of new possibilities.
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DW: France recently pledged 30 million euros ($33.4 million), to match what it hopes will be another 30 million euros from universities and other organizations, making a total of up to 60 million euros to fund the work of up to 50 climate researchers over five years. What is your reaction to the initiative?
Dr. Jean Jouzel
Jean Jouzel: I was at the meeting with Emmanuel Macron, and also NGOs, about climate change issues when he initially announced it [without the funding] last Tuesday. I was really surprised at first. My first reaction was not so positive because at that time, the main point was that if there is no additional money, it will be very difficult.
So I understand from the announcement on Saturday that there will be additional money, which is nice - I think it can be positive at the end if we succeed in attracting bright scientists from abroad and indeed at our institute, we have had four applications already.
Dr. Valérie Masson-Delmotte
Valérie Masson-Delmotte: The initiative is the follow-up to a promise made during his electoral campaign and repeated when the president of the USA announced the retreat of his country from the Paris Agreement. In the last few days, more details have been given to explain how this initiative would be implemented in practice.
I strongly support any initiative from France, Europe and other countries to offer "scientific asylum" for scientists as there is a large risk of loss of knowledge and know-how. The risk is for US science, as well as for international climate science efforts.
From France's announcement on Saturday, it's not yet fully clear whether the funding will be open only to foreign scientists and scientists based abroad working on climate research, or whether French scientists based in France would also be eligible. I understand that some French scientists have expressed frustration that they may not directly benefit from this funding. How do you feel this initiative is being received in France?
JJ: It's not clear for me either, when you look at the announcement. I suspect there will be a priority for American scientists, because this was the initial idea. So there seems to be priority for American scientists, and for scientists working abroad - but it seems it could possibly be for a French scientist working abroad, working in the US to come back to France.
But nobody knows who will apply, how many people will apply, so I think it's relatively open.
We need funding in France, we need also support in the laboratory, new positions in our field because there's a growing interest in climate issues. I understand very well this feeling that we need more money in France.
Macron (right) called for climate scientists to come to France as a response to Trump (left) pulling out of the Paris Agreement
V M-D: The current situation for French science funding is far from being satisfying. Recurrent funding for laboratories is very low; and there are fewer and fewer opportunities for early career scientists in research agencies and universities to find a permanent position. While French research is still highly competitive, due to the dedication and "value for money" (considering low salaries), this is not a sustainable pathway.
At the same time, French research is highly integrated at the international scale, and the National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), for instance, is hiring at least 25 percent of scientists from other nationalities, interested by academic freedom associated with the French researcher status.
The [funding] initiative is not designed to improve work conditions for French research in general. It is designed to promote France as a host country for progress associated with climate science and science-based solutions, and committed to support the Paris Agreement.
Do you think many climate scientists, particularly scientists from the US, will take up Macron's invitation made in a viral web video for them to move to France and contribute to research there?
V M-D: In fact, I learned about the webpage associated with this call from scientists from other countries when I was at a meeting in the United Kingdom. Several scientists had approached me with practical questions, to which I had no answer at the time.
JJ:I was skeptical, but this is just one week on, and there are already applications at my institute.
Trump's decision to withdraw the US from the Paris climate change accord was met with protest
What is your view of Macron and his commitment to climate change?
V M-D: As for many other countries, environmental issues were very low-profile during policy campaigns and election debates. It seems that Macron is willing to take visible leadership on these issues. Let us wait until we see what will be the decisions taken by our new government on environmental issues.
JJ: I feel that this [funding initiative] is a sign of Emmanuel Macron's interest in climate change issues - that President Macron, as I feel it, wants to support our field of research. I feel it's also a political issue, and I really think the country which will take leadership on this climate change issue will take the leadership of this world. That's also from an economic viewpoint.
The decision of [US President Donald] Trump to withdraw from the Paris Agreement is a mistake, it's clear, for me. Macron understands very well this aspect. The new economy will have to take care of the climate issue. Macron has interest [in the climate], but he also has interest as a politician in the good sense of the term. This is leverage for his political action at the European level.
Valérie Masson-Delmotte is a French climate scientist and co-chair of one of three working groups on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).
Jean Jouzel is a French glaciologist and climatologist, and former vice-chair of the IPCC, who won the 2012 Vetlesen Prize, considered to be the earth sciences’ equivalent of a Nobel award.
These interviews were conducted by Melanie Hall.
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3 Action Steps for an Honest Self-Assessment
Do you believe in yourself? In your abilities? Whether you do or don’t, now is a good time for a self-assessment. As a matter of fact, it’s always a good time.
Self-assessment is an ongoing process that requires being connected to your inner voice. These days, many people appear so plugged into the world through their devices and social media that they’re not connected to themselves. And that is no way to help make better decisions. Self-assessment means being your own counselor, developing your own views and cultivating the ability to look closely at where you are so you can think through your problems.
You must develop confidence to take actions that will advance you and your business or career. But building confidence is not as simple as it sounds. The most successful people are those who can manage the contradictions of life; who are aware of but not constrained by their limitations. Insecurity disables us from conquering our inner demons and making something of our lives. Arrogance makes us come off as know-it-alls, which erodes our level of influence, and after a while people will stop listening to us. Confidence is the balancing act between pride and uncertainty, and it is a work in progress.
You must develop confidence to take actions that will advance you and your business or career.
You need to surround yourself with trusted friends and mentors who will be honest with you about your performance and what areas need improvement. Listen to them. Listen to yourself.
This ability to simultaneously doubt and trust yourself is at the core of effective self-assessment. For example, many people find themselves repeatedly crashing into the same brick wall, never changing course. If I find myself blocked at every turn—whether because of people above me or perhaps by some competitive situation—I step back and regroup. When we encounter multiple failures, our nature is to blame circumstances, other people, the equity of the universe. But we also have to step back and ask, Could it be me?
This is where the ability to have a cognitive discussion with yourself comes in, where you can disengage and look at the situation with a longer view. That perspective is critical to determining whether your actions are helping or hurting you and your organization.
You can carefully plot your own success and evaluate your effectiveness as you go along, but at the end of the day, you have to get out there and play in traffic. You are never going to be totally trained or prepared; there is no schedule of required classes. You have to meet people, develop relationships and swap best practices. You have to make things happen. Trust your healthy self-confidence and inner gyroscope to keep you on the right course.
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WHEELING, Ill. – Athletic trainers from Parkview Sports Medicine are joining several hundreds of others in their profession for the Great Lakes Athletic Trainers' Association Annual Meeting & Symposium in Chicagoland.
This year’s gathering, which started Wednesday and runs through Saturday, allows athletic trainers from across the Great Lakes region of the country to come together in March--National Athletic Training Month--and look at areas of medical treatment, diagnosis and patient care.
Parkview Sports Medicine’s athletic training program started in 1990 as SportONE. Over the next 25 years, the program grew exponentially before acquisition by Parkview Ortho Hospital in 2015. PSM athletic trainers are allied health care professionals that provide Safety On The Sidelines for 25 high schools and 5 colleges in Northeast Indiana and Northwest Ohio. From on-the-field assessments, to surgical interventions and physical therapy, Parkview Sports Medicine athletic trainers help athletes return to an active lifestyle as quickly and as safely as possible. Learn more at ParkviewSportsMedicine.com.
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The life of a professional athlete is a mystery to many fans. We thought it would be interesting to chat with some former MLS stars to find out about life as a player from a business perspective. Here is part I of our chat with former MLS stalwart Carey Talley. Mr. Talley made more than 300 MLS appearances and won an MLS Cup with DC United. Thanks to Carey Talley.
Footiebusiness.com: You played more than a decade in Major League Soccer. During that time, did the League or any of your teams provide any guidance or pointers on post-career financial planning?
Carey Talley: Good question. Unfortunately there was not much, if any, formal education provided to the players regarding financial planning. There were occasions where financial advisors were brought in to talk to the players, but that was usually done at the request of one of the players who had a friend in the financial field. These discussions were certainly helpful but occurred infrequently. Looking back I realize now the value of such conversations and I hope the league can take a greater interest in assisting players with this type of forward thinking.
FB: What opportunities were there during your career for players to earn money outside of their regular salaries? Were these options made available by the team?
CT: There were always opportunities to do team appearances on behalf of the club and you could earn an extra $250 for an hour’s worth of work. Also, people in the area were always trying to get you to come out and train their youth teams. There were lots of opportunities to pick up some extra coaching contracts, since many of the ticket guys in the front office were frequently dealing with the youth teams. In most of the teams that I played with, doing youth coaching was actually frowned upon by the coaching staff. And rightfully so, since the coach’s job depended on your ability to play at a maximum level and if you were exhausted because you were coaching then you might be drained at team training, especially during those hot summer days. So yes, there was additional money to be made, but I typically shied away from it most of the time, or at least the coaching opportunities. I figured I had a limited time frame for being a player and that I would have plenty of time after retirement to focus on coaching.
FB: Similarly, what type of sponsorship/commercial opportunities were available to you during your career.
CT: There were plenty of opportunities for endorsements, especially in the smaller markets for which I played such as Kansas City and Salt Lake. I was sponsored by adidas for 11 years and had a great relationship with that organization. Times have changed some since my playing days and it seems like there are even more sponsorship opportunities for players, which helps drive even more name recognition and awareness with the public. This then allows for even more sponsorship opportunities for the players. So it’s a bit of a self-fulfilling cycle, and its great for the current and future generations of players.
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Newsletters
Events
Mass-Producing 3-D Particles
Last winter, researchers at MIT demonstrated a way to generate bar-coded microparticles by the millions. The technique, based on a novel microfluidic device, could provide a way to create millions of labeled tags for medical diagnostics. (See “New Bedside-Diagnostics Tool.”)
3-D inside: The precise three-dimensional lattice within these prism-shaped bits of plastic could enable more sensitive medical diagnostics and dynamic sorting of nanoscale particles.
Now the researchers have converted the microfluidic fab to turn out particles with precisely structured internal parts. MIT materials scientist Ned Thomas, who co-led the team with MIT chemical engineer Patrick Doyle, says that the new system could increase the sensitivity of the mass-produced diagnostic probes by 10,000-fold. The research is described in the chemistry journal Angewandte Chemie.
In the two-dimensional system invented last year by Doyle, unique biosensor particles are produced by flowing two solutions containing the molecular building blocks for a plastic down a channel one-fifth of a millimeter wide etched into a silicone-polymer block. A pulse of ultraviolet light projected through a stencil stimulates the plastic precursors to solidify into a single particle that’s 50 micrometers across. To turn the particles into biosensors, Doyle’s team doped the plastic solution with a DNA biotag; a series of dots added to the stencil labeled the particles with a pattern visible with a low-magnification microscope.
Subsequently, Thomas and Doyle’s research teams realized that they could use the lithography technique recently developed at the University of Illinois, called phase-mask lithography, to build internal structure into Doyle’s solid particles. Unlike a stencil, which casts a shadow to create a two-dimensional pattern, a phase mask produces a three-dimensional interference pattern. The researchers saw that the transparent block forming the base of Doyle’s microfluidic device could easily double as a phase mask by cutting an undulating pattern into the bottom face of the base. The ultraviolet light needed to activate the polymer precursor is projected up from below and emerges in the microfluidic fab’s flow channel as a blend of beams whose waves are out of phase with one another. Constructive and destructive interference between the beams creates a three-dimensional image within the channel. When the liquid polymer precursor flowing through is exposed to that 3-D image, it solidifies to form a corresponding 3-D plastic structure.
In the work published in Angewandte Chemie, Thomas and Doyle’s team reports producing particles of acrylic plastic 60 micrometers across at a rate of 10,000 per hour. The particles are composed of one-micrometer-wide plastic rods in a square lattice with openings that are roughly two micrometers square. Thomas says that a tighter patterning of the phase mask could narrow the scaffold’s elements to as thin as 200 nanometers, while a smaller stencil could shrink the particles down to 10 micrometers or less.
Thomas says that the 3-D-structured particles have potential to become ultrafast, ultrasensitive biosensors. They’re sensitive because they have plenty of surface area to which DNA or other biotags can attach. With conventional solid microarrays and particles, biotags only adorn the probe’s surface. In contrast, biotags can attach inside the latticework particles, increasing the number of target molecules that bind to a particle, and therefore producing a more intense fluorescent signal. “The particle, of course, is transparent, so if the fluorescence is occurring in the center of the particle, it’s still visible outside,” says Thomas. He adds that he and his team have demonstrated about a 10-fold signal boost so far, and he predicts that they will optimize the lattice to yield at least a 10,000-fold signal boost.
Commercialization of MIT’s microfluidic particle biosensors is by no means around the corner. But several companies have expressed interest in the system, and collaborations are under way to test it on real-world samples from genetic tests. The MIT researchers’ goal is to launch a startup or have licensing agreements in place within two years. Patents are in the works covering the microfluidic process for making particles, its application for making biosensor arrays, and the new phase-mask-enhanced system for structured particles.
Looking beyond biosensors, Thomas envisions applications that dynamically exploit the particles’ mechanical properties. Particles with narrow scaffolding, for example, should be capable of squashing down to squeeze into tight spaces, much as fresh red blood cells squeeze into the tightest capillaries. He also imagines that the latticework particles could beget tunable sieves for handling and sorting much smaller nanoparticles by using polymers that swell and seal up the lattice in response to external conditions such as acidity. “If you were trying to choke off transport of virus particles, for example, this would work nicely,” says Thomas. “That’s one of our dreams.”
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IN THE SUPREME COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA
EASTERN DISTRICT
JOE ESCOBAR, : No. 94 EM 2017
:
Petitioner :
:
:
v. :
:
:
D.A. KELLEY B. HODGES, ESQ.; AND :
D.J. SUZANNE I. SCHULMAN, :
:
Respondents :
ORDER
PER CURIAM
AND NOW, this 19th day of October, 2017, the Application for Leave to File
Original Process is GRANTED, and the Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus is DENIED.
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Last month, Socialist-Democrat Congresswoman Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez revealed her ridiculous “Green New Deal” to Americans. With the exception of her socialist comrades in the Democrat Party, her embarrassing scheme was roundly criticized and mocked, even by many of her allies in the media.
Greenpeace co-founder Patrick Moore ripped the freshman Democrat congresswoman Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez to shreds in a tweet. Over the past week, it’s been rumored that the socialist lawmaker, Ocasio-Cortez, has now wrested power from House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, with her even more illogical and radical ideology. In response to Ocasio-Cortez’s “New Green Deal,” Moore tweeted:
Pompous little twit. You don’t have a plan to grow food for 8 billion people without fossil fuels, or get the food into the cities. Horses? If fossil fuels were banned every tree in the world would be cut down for fuel for cooking and heating. You would bring about mass death.
Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez responded by demanding that the Greenpeace co-founder come up with a better plan, reminding him that she and the Democrat majority Congress, and not he, are in charge now.
Yup. If you don’t like the #GreenNewDeal, then come up with your own ambitious, on-scale proposal to address the global climate crisis.
Until then, we’re in charge – and you’re just shouting from the cheap seats.
Pompous little twit. You don’t have a plan to grow food for 8 billion people without fossil fuels, or get the food into the cities. Horses? If fossil fuels were banned every tree in the world would be cut down for fuel for cooking and heating. You would bring about mass death. — Patrick Moore (@EcoSenseNow) February 23, 2019
Today, the Greenpeace co-founder appeared on Fox and Friends to discuss his tweet and explain what he meant when he called Socialist-Democrat Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez a “Pompous twit.”
When asked about his tweet by Fox and Friends host Steve Doocey, Moore explained, She really rubbed me the wrong way when she said, she’s ‘the boss,’ because she can make up a proposal that’s completely ridiculous and no one else did. Moore continued, “The whole climate crisis, as they call it, is not only fake news, it’s fake science. There is no climate crisis. There is weather and climate all around the world. And in fact, Carbon Dioxide is the main building block of all life. That’s where the carbon comes from in carbon-based life, which is all life on the land and in the sea.”
Moore also said that as a Canadian, he doesn’t think a little warming would be a bad thing. He added, “The people in Russia wouldn’t mind a couple of degrees warmer either.”
A frustrated Moore, who’s in D.C. this week for a director’s meeting for the “CO2 Coalition,” responded to the claim by scientists that climate change is real. Moore responded, “Yes, of course, climate change is real. It’s been happening since the beginning of time, but it’s not dangerous, and it’s not made by people. Climate change is a perfectly natural phenomenon. And this modern warm period actually began about 300 years when the little ice age began to come to an end.”
Moore warned: “There is nothing to be afraid of—and that’s all they’re doing is instilling fear. Most of the scientists who are saying it’s a crisis are on perpetual government grants. On one hand, they say the science is settled and people like myself should just ‘shut up,’ because they know what’s right. On the other hand, they seem to keep studying it forever, as if there’s something new to find out. And those two things are completely contradictory.”
“Carbon dioxide is actually a benefit to the world!” Moore exclaimed.
Watch:
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}
|
Q:
Replace text in the Title
In a string displayed by <?php the_title(); ?> I have to replace all & characters with and.
Here is the code I've tried without success:
<?php $wptitle = the_title(); $wptitle = str_replace('&', 'and', $wptitle);?><?php echo $wptitle; ?>
The full code to be replaced:
<h2><a href="<?php if(get_post_meta($post->ID, 'links_link_custom', true)): ?><?php echo get_post_meta($post->ID, 'links_link_custom', true) ?><?php else: ?><?php the_permalink(); ?><?php endif; ?>"><?php the_title(); ?></a></h2>
A:
First things first, lets clean up your code:
<?php $wptitle = the_title(); $wptitle = str_replace('&', 'and', $wptitle);?><?php echo $wptitle; ?>
Lets remove the PHP tag spam and put things in nice clean lines:
<?php
$wptitle = the_title();
$wptitle = str_replace('&', 'and', $wptitle);
echo $wptitle;
?>
Now if we look at the problem, the_title, that function outputs the title and doesn't return anything. This means $wptitle is empty, so your string replace does nothing.
You need to tell it to return it or it won't know, computers aren't the same as people, they need to be told explicitly what to do with no assumptions.
However, a quick google for the_title brings up the codex as the first entry, along with a related function get_the_title which would solve your problem. Reading the documentation says that these are the arguments this function takes:
<?php the_title( $before, $after, $echo ); ?>
So you can change $wptitle = the_title(); to this:
$wptitle = the_title( '','',false );
Or this:
$wptitle = get_the_title();
There is also a much better method that you can use involving filters:
add_filter( 'the_title', 'drabello_swap_ampersands' );
function drabello_swap_ampersands( $old_title ) {
$new_title = // do the replacement..
return $new_title;
}
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{
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
}
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Shadowy “Dank Vapes” and other mysterious THC cartridges have been linked to a rash of vaping-related lung illnesses in both Illinois and Wisconsin, health officials warned Friday.
“Dank Vapes appears to be the most prominent in a class of largely counterfeit brands, with common packaging that is easily available online and that is used by distributors to market THC-containing cartridges with no obvious centralized production or distribution,” state health officials from Illinois and Wisconsin wrote in a report the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention released Friday.
But Dank Vapes, like many black-market brands, might not be a single company, producer or distributor — if it’s a real company at all, according to an Inverse investigation published in August.
The CDC report isn't the first time the Dank Vapes brand has been mentioned by health officials since an outbreak of illnesses swept the U.S. this summer. The cartridges were also flagged by New York health officials earlier this month.
“Dank Vapes appears to be the most prominent in a class of largely counterfeit brands”
Health officials have also repeatedly said they suspect black-market THC cartridges are a potential culprit behind the illnesses, since vape enthusiasts have no way of knowing what’s in them, they’re not regulated, and they often come prepackaged.
“Of the patients who reported what products they used, THC-containing products were the most prominent link across patients, with only 16% reporting using only nicotine-containing products,” CDC Principal Deputy Director Anne Schuchat said during a press briefing Friday.
Still, the supply chain of those vaping products can be a bit nebulous, and the CDC still hasn’t come up with a firm culprit for the spate of hospitalizations, especially since many of those sickened also vape nicotine products or use several brands at once.
Since the first sicknesses cropped up earlier this summer, 805 cases and at least 12 deaths have been reported to the federal agency. In the meantime, the Food and Drug Administration has opened up a criminal investigation relating to the rash of illnesses.
Meanwhile, researchers in Illinois and Wisconsin said Friday that they took it upon themselves to interview 86 people who reported illnesses after vaping. They found a whopping 234 products with 87 different brand names had been used among the group, according to their report.
There was no single brand name reported among all patients, but Dank Vapes came up 66% of the time, according to health officials. The brand names Moon Rocks, TKO, and Off White were also mentioned.
The CDC said Friday that it has not yet discovered a common ingredient among all the vape products it’s tested, so it’s unclear what — if anything — might be making people sick from those specific brands.
In New York, health officials suspected vitamin E acetate in the vape cartridges might be to blame. NBC News sent a cache of cartridges to a cannabis testing facility and found both pesticides and vitamin E among nearly all of the illicit, black-market vape pens they tested.
Because so much about the cause of the illnesses has been in the air for weeks, places like Massachusetts have outright banned all vaping products, at least temporarily. Michigan and New York banned flavored vape products, and President Donald Trump threatened a similar measure nationwide. The CDC similarly urged Friday that vaping should be avoided — particularly with marijuana products.
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Carbon quantum dots encapsulated in super small platinum nanocrystals core-shell architecture/nitrogen doped graphene hybrid nanocomposite for electrochemical biosensing of DNA damage biomarker-8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine.
In this work, carbon quantum dots (CQD) encapsulated in super small platinum nanocrystals core-shell architecture/nitrogen doped graphene hybrid nanocomposite (CQD@PDA@PtNCs-NGR) was design synthesized. Without using any capping reagent, stabilizer and surfactant, very small CQD was served as template and anchoring point for the synthesis of Pt NCs with a super small size (2.25 nm) and a uniform distribution. Meanwhile, dopamine (DA) was used as bridging agent, positioning agent and weak reducing agent to make Pt2+ grow on the CQD. Combine the high dispersed Pt NCs with high specific surface area and high conductivity of NGR, the CQD@PDA@PtNCs-NGR shows excellent electrocatalytic performance towards the biosensing of DNA damage biomarker- 8-Hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG). A very low detection limit of 0.45 nM and 0.85 nM (S/N = 3), a wide linear range of 0.013 μM-109.78 μM and a high sensitivity of 7.912 μA μM-1cm-2 and 4.190 μA μM-1cm-2 were obtained. The fabricated CQD@PDA@PtNCs-NGR realized the detection of 8-OH-dG in human urine practical sample. Furthermore, CQD@PDA@PtNCs-NGR was applied for the determination of 8-OH-dG generated from damaged DNA and damaged guanine (G), respectively. This work effectively combines the electrochemical signal of 8-OH-dG with DNA damage, confirms the mechanism of DNA damage, which might pave a new way to establish the associations between degree of DNA damage and 8-OH-dG.
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German Chancellor Angela Merkel trails Social Democrat Martin Schulz by 16 percentage points in a poll released Thursday.
Schulz would receive 50 percent of the votes if Germans got to pick a new chancellor this weekend. Merkel — who is seeking a fourth term after opening the borders to more than one million refugees — received support from 34 percent.
The good news for Merkel is that her Christian Democratic Union (CDU) remains the largest party with 34 percent support, down three from January. The Social Democrats gained eight points and is now within striking distance at 28 percent — just six behind CDU.
Merkel’s hopes of securing a fourth term as chancellor in September rely on CDU remaining the largest party. The chancellor is usually selected from the most popular party after a parliamentary vote.
Schulz was nominated as the Social Democratic candidate less than a week ago and has already given the party a huge boost. He is returning to German politics after 23 years in the European Parliament — where he most recently served as president.
“We are going to make the elections this year a real thrill,” Schulz said after getting nominated Sunday. “Our party, the SPD, has the ambition to become the strongest political force in the next election. And I have the ambition to become the next chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany,”
Volker Kauder, CDU’s group leader in the German parliament, recently told Deutsche Welle that Schulz’s emergence is natural “when someone new steps onto the stage.”
Populist party Alternative for Germany dropped three points but remains the third-largest party with 12 percent.
Follow Jacob on Twitter
Content created by The Daily Caller News Foundation is available without charge to any eligible news publisher that can provide a large audience. For licensing opportunities of our original content, please contact licensing@dailycallernewsfoundation.org.
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{
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
}
|
Q:
Android Studio 3.2 canary build is not rendering Navigation tag
Android studio 3.2 canary 14 is not rendering the navigation tag. It just shows the waiting for a build to finish.
navigation_graph
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<navigation xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto">
<fragment
android:id="@+id/fragment_nav_host"
android:name="androidx.navigation.fragment.NavHostFragment"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
app:defaultNavHost="true"
app:navGraph="@navigation/navigation_graph" />
</navigation>
A:
You need to
turn on experimental feature "enable navigation editor"
under menu> android studio>preferences>experimental
clean and rebuild project
|
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"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
}
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Q:
Error when trying to select menu with Selenium-Python
My Selenium IDE recording on Chrome that opens a URL and then do click on a dropdown menu that seems to generate some code dinamically shows 3 actions,
Open, Click, and Mouse Over commands. It works and the id, cpath, css_selector stored by Selenium IDE are shown below.
{
"id": "5f885ad3-990a-4989-9382-2572b2",
"version": "2.0",
"name": "Test",
"url": "https://example.com",
"tests": [{
"id": "00fe2ec5-3529-44ef-9367-b5a7fbf",
"name": "Test",
"commands": [{
"id": "c174b4f2-3a55-4f41-954c-22a8e04",
"comment": "",
"command": "open",
"target": "https://example.com",
"targets": [],
"value": ""
}, {
"id": "763f8999-7973-48fb-864a-fb3965369021",
"comment": "",
"command": "click",
"target": "css=.blue > .fa",
"targets": [
["css=.blue > .fa", "css:finder"],
["xpath=//li[@id='MyMenu']/div/button/span[2]", "xpath:idRelative"],
["xpath=//li[3]/div/button/span[2]", "xpath:position"]
],
"value": ""
}, {
"id": "3c91c590-94a2-44b8-8d17-bb04d3",
"comment": "",
"command": "mouseOver",
"target": "id=myid",
"targets": [
["id=myid", "id"],
["css=#myid", "css:finder"],
["xpath=//span[@id='myid']", "xpath:attributes"],
["xpath=//li[@id='MyMenu']/div/button/span", "xpath:idRelative"],
["xpath=//li[3]/div/button/span", "xpath:position"],
["xpath=//span[contains(.,'ABC Banner')]", "xpath:innerText"]
],
"value": ""
}]
}],
}
I've tried the following code in order to reproduce the open menu action but doesn't work
from selenium import webdriver
from time import gmtime, strftime
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
driver = webdriver.Chrome("C:\crd\chromedriver.exe")
driver.get ("https://example.com")
wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 30)
abc = wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.XPATH, "//*...")))
actionChains = ActionChains(driver)
actionChains.double_click(abc).perform()
driver.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@id='....']").click()
driver.find_element_by_css_selector(".blue > .fa").click() ##### Before actionChains1
actionChains1 = ActionChains(driver) ### Added new actionChains1
element = driver.find_element_by_id("myid")
actionChains1.move_to_element(element).perform();
I get this error of no such element like the element is not visible, but actually is visible and website has already loaded completely:
DevTools listening on ws://127.0.0.1:53407/devtools/browser/e4e2207c-bdd6-4754-867c-7b488
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "Script.py", line 49, in <module>
element=driver.find_element_by_id("myid")
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 360, in find_element_by_id
return self.find_element(by=By.ID, value=id_)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 978, in find_element
'value': value})['value']
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 321, in execute
self.error_handler.check_response(response)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\errorhandler.py", line 242, in check_response
raise exception_class(message, screen, stacktrace)
selenium.common.exceptions.NoSuchElementException: Message: no such element: Unable to locate element: {"method":"id","selector":"myid"}
(Session info: chrome=74.0.3729.131)
(Driver info: chromedriver=74.0.3729.6 (255758eccf3d244491b8a1317aa76e1ce10d57e9-refs/branch-heads/3729@{#29}),platform=Windows NT 6.1.7601 SP1 x86_64)
How to fix this issue?
Thanks in advance.
UPDATE
Thanks to @supputuri help my issue was fixed. The problem was the page where I was working is a second one that is opened after a login page, then when the new tab was opened, the driver was seeing the first page and the element I was trying to click didn't exist in that page and due to that it was not found.
The line that fixed the issue was adding a switch of window to new page
driver.switch_to.window(driver.window_handles[1])
A:
you are missing the below step. After navigating to the url and before mouse over.
driver.get ("https://example.com")
driver.switch_to.window(driver.window_handles[1])
wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 30)
abc = wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR,, ".blue > .fa")))
abc.click()
actionChains = ActionChains(driver)
element = driver.find_element_by_id("myid")
actionChains.move_to_element(element).perform();
|
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"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
}
|
Q:
Checkbox event and holding array - how to handle in code?
I have the following code in my phonegap app:
function onDeviceReady() {
var listOfSports = new Array(["Aikido"],["Air Sports"],["American Football"],["Angling"],["Archery"],["Yoga"]);
$.each(listOfSports, function (i) {
console.log(i);
var li = $('<li><input class="checkbox" type="checkbox"' + 'id="' + listOfSports[i] + '"' + 'label="' + listOfSports[i] + '">' + listOfSports[i] + '</li>')
.appendTo("ul.listViewContainer");
});
$("#listViewContainer").listview();
$("#listViewContainer").listview("refresh");
}
How can I get the value of checked items and add the value to an array when checked or remove when unchecked?
A:
Something like this. This will store all the checkbox ID in an array.
var arr = [];
function onDeviceReady() {
var listOfSports = new Array(["Aikido"],["Air Sports"],["American Football"],["Angling"],["Archery"],["Yoga"]);
$.each(listOfSports, function (i) {
console.log(i);
var li = $('<li><input class="checkbox" type="checkbox"' + 'id="' + listOfSports[i] + '"' + 'label="' + listOfSports[i] + '">' + listOfSports[i] + '</li>')
.appendTo("ul.listViewContainer");
});
$("#listViewContainer").listview();
$("#listViewContainer").listview("refresh");
$(".checkbox").click(function () {
if ($(this)[0].checked)
{
arr.push($(this).attr("id"));
}
else
{
arr = $.grep(arr, function( a ) {
return a != $(this).attr("id");
});
}
});
}
Edit :
Just a little mistake. Here a fiddle : http://jsfiddle.net/wyfr8/207/
else
{
var check = $(this);
arr = $.grep(arr, function( a ) {
return a != $(check).attr("id");
});
}
|
{
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
}
|
In 30 days President Trump's former lawyer and fixer Michael Cohen is scheduled to report to prison to serve a three-year sentence for, among other things, defrauding banks and evading taxes on $4,134,051 in income between 2012 and 2016. In a new letter to Congress asking lawmakers to help keep him out of jail, Cohen's media-friendly lawyer, Lanny Davis, said his client "is going to prison for conduct almost all of which was for the benefit of Mr. Trump personally and indeed directed by him."
Davis did not explain how Cohen's bank fraud and failure to tell the Internal Revenue Service about $4,134,051 in income from his lucrative taxi medallion business was done for the benefit of Donald Trump personally, nor did Davis explain how Trump directed Cohen to commit those crimes. The crime which prosecutors say Trump did direct Cohen to commit, a campaign finance violation stemming from the Stormy Daniels payoff, is often punished by a fine.
Beyond that, even if one accepts Cohen's shaky claim that Trump directed him to commit yet another crime, lying to Congress, others convicted of lying in the Trump-Russia investigation have been given very light sentences. Former short-term Trump campaign aide George Papadopoulos was sentenced to 14 days.
And yet Cohen somehow got three years, which despite Davis' argument might be related to his convictions for defrauding banks and hiding $4,134,051 from the IRS.
In any event, Cohen has now come up with a new scheme to avoid going to jail. In a letter to some House Democrats, Davis said that Cohen, who swore to tell the "whole truth" during congressional testimony on Feb. 26, 27, 28 and March 6, has now discovered more truth to tell. And Cohen will be happy to tell it to Congress if lawmakers can convince federal prosecutors in New York to "substantially postpone" his date to report to prison.
Davis told Democrats that "only recently" was Cohen "able to access" a computer hard drive which Davis said contains over 14 million files of "important documents." Davis did not explain how it was that Cohen only recently was able to access the drive, but it might have something to do with the drive being seized by law enforcement and used for prosecuting Cohen. Now that the prosecution is over, Cohen is, according to Davis, going through the files himself -- he has only been able to read 3,500 so far -- and he wants Congress to know what prosecutors have known for a long time. But he needs help.
"Mr. Cohen needs time, resources, and assistance to separate out privileged and personal documents from these 14 million files to make the rest available for review by various congressional committees that have sought his help in fulfilling their Article I oversight responsibilities," Davis wrote. "Mr. Cohen is prepared to do so — but it will take time, effort, and ready accessibility to members of Congress and their staffs to assist in providing the relevant documents."
And how could Cohen do that in jail? Better to let him remain free, phone in hand, ready to talk to Congress at a moment's notice — not for himself, but for Article I of the Constitution of the United States.
Davis drove the point home repeatedly: "Mr. Cohen needs to be readily accessible and immediately available to provide ongoing assistance to Congress in order for it to fulfill its executive branch oversight responsibilities," he wrote. The Cohen team hopes Democrats will help those prosecutors in New York "recognize the need for Mr. Cohen to be readily available to Congress."
Davis noted that he sent the letter only to Democratic lawmakers because Republicans don't seem interested in hearing more from Cohen. The true situation is even worse. Not only are Republicans uninterested in hearing more, they are actively working to make sure Cohen, who has already pleaded guilty to lying to Congress once, will be prosecuted for lying again during his testimony in February and March. Cohen is sure to be among the people House Republicans refer to the Justice Department for prosecution for false testimony in his latest appearances.
So Cohen's hopes, such as they are, lie with Hill Democrats. It seems farfetched to believe that prosecutors and a court would decide that Cohen should not go to prison for tax evasion and bank fraud so that he can stay close to House Democrats. But that's all Cohen has at the moment.
|
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|
Dorcadion faldermanni
Dorcadion faldermanni is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Ludwig Ganglbauer in 1884. It is known from Iran.
References
Category:Dorcadiini
Category:Beetles described in 1884
|
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|
Anecdotal reports have demonstrated an association between chemotherapy and accelerated aneurysmal growth.[@bib1], [@bib2] However, such a report has not been noted related to transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). Localized TACE therapy requires significantly lower doses of the chemotherapeutic agent, theoretically reducing the systemic effects. We report the first clearly documented case of significant, rapid aneurysmal dilatation after TACE. The patient consented to publication.
Case report {#sec1}
===========
A 64-year-old Caucasian man was referred to our clinic for evaluation of aortoiliac aneurysmal disease identified during workup for a liver transplant. The patient\'s medical history was significant for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) secondary to hepatitis C, portal hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and a resolved hepatitis B infection. He received treatment with ribavirin and interferon for hepatitis C, resulting in an undetectable viral load for 11 months leading up to his presentation. Of note, he had no prior or family history of aneurysmal diseases or vasculitides.
On initial magnetic resonance imaging during the HCC workup, a noninflammatory infrarenal aneurysm measuring 3.9 cm was identified in November 2013, with a right common iliac artery (RCIA) aneurysm measuring 3.3 cm and a left common iliac artery (LCIA) measuring 2.3 cm ([Fig 1](#fig1){ref-type="fig"}).Fig 1Magnetic resonance imaging of the abdomen and pelvis, November 2013.
Three rounds of TACE were performed over the course of 5 months while the patient was being evaluated for liver transplantation. During round one (March 2014), doxorubicin (50 mg) with QuadraSphere Microspheres Merit Medical Systems Inc, South Jordan, Utah) was delivered through the right hepatic artery. Follow-up magnetic resonance imaging in April 2014 demonstrated rapid growth of the aneurysms, with the infrarenal aorta measuring 4.1 cm, the RCIA measuring 3.6 cm, and the LCIA measuring 2.8 cm ([Fig 2](#fig2){ref-type="fig"}).Fig 2Magnetic resonance imaging abdomen and pelvis, April 2014.
During round two of TACE, doxorubicin (50 mg), lipiodol (1 mL), and LC Beads (AngioDynamics, Queensbury, NY) were administered to the right hepatic lobe. Computed tomography angiography imaging in June 2014 revealed progressive aneurysmal dilatation, with measurements of the infrarenal aorta at 4.8 cm, RCIA at 4.3 cm, and the LCIA at 3.3 cm ([Fig 3](#fig3){ref-type="fig"}).Fig 3Computed tomography angiography of the abdomen and pelvis, June 2014.
The patient was offered endovascular repair of the aneurysm given the significant growth, the size of the aneurysm, and the transplant committee\'s decision to exclude the patient for liver transplantation secondary to the aneurysms. After his third TACE procedure using lipiodol (10 mL) as the sole agent, the patient elected to undergo an endovascular repair.
Off-label techniques, as previously described, were used to perform successful exclusion of the aneurysm, with bilateral hypogastric artery preservation, and he was discharged home on postoperative day 2 without incident.[@bib3], [@bib4]
Discussion {#sec2}
==========
This is the first documented case of accelerated CIA aneurysm growth after TACE treatment. TACE is an accepted treatment for unresectable HCC.[@bib5], [@bib6], [@bib7] The procedure involves gaining access to the hepatic arteries for targeted chemotherapy, theoretically allowing much lower doses of chemotherapeutic agents to be used with little to no systemic influence of the drug. Hepatic artery aneurysms developing after TACE have been reported, hypothesized to form secondary to trauma to vessels during the procedure or as a side effect of the chemotherapy itself, but no known literature has documented iliac aneurysmal growth rates after TACE.[@bib8], [@bib9]
Although the growth rate of CIA aneurysms is debated, the maximum reported growth rate in the literature is defined as 0.32 cm/y.[@bib10], [@bib11] Our patient presented with significantly greater growth. The RCIA and LCIA grew 1.0 cm during a period of just 7 months, and 0.7 cm and 0.5 cm, respectively, in just 1 month after two rounds of TACE. Aneurysmal disease as a result of chemotherapy is debated, with a recent report demonstrating no association between aortic aneurysm growth and chemotherapy.[@bib12]
Conclusions {#sec3}
===========
Despite this study, there remains a broadly held concern regarding the effects of these cytotoxic agents often prompting aneurysm repair at an earlier time than would otherwise be considered. There is no prevailing explanation for aneurysmal growth with chemotherapy use; however, some have questioned altered generation of DNA, collagen and elastin, release of inflammatory markers, and disturbance in smooth muscle proliferation.[@bib12] In theory, TACE is a localized treatment and should not have systemic effects, as are believed to be seen with other cytotoxic treatments, but this first documented incidence indicates a need for further review and awareness.
Author conflict of interest: M.S. is a speaker for Medtronic and Gore.
The editors and reviewers of this article have no relevant financial relationships to disclose per the Journal policy that requires reviewers to decline review of any manuscript for which they may have a conflict of interest.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
}
|
The goal of the proposed research is to understand the mechanisms of how genes are regulated in different tissues. This will be accomplished through the study of the human gene encoding debranching enzyme and molecular analysis of Type III glycogen storage disease. In this disease there are patients who lack debranching enzyme activity in both liver and muscle, and patients with enzyme deficiency confined to liver; yet the enzyme is a monomeric protein and appears to be identical in all tissues. The proposed research hypothesizes that debranching enzyme in liver and muscle is encoded by a single gene; its expression, however, is under separate genetic control. Patients with various clinical and enzymatic subgroups of Type III glycogen storage disease are being followed at Duke Medical Center; fibroblasts from these patients have been collected and stored. The debranching enzyme has been purified from porcine muscle and the antibody characterized. The cDNA coding for debranching enzyme from both human liver and muscle will be isolated by screening lambda gtll human cDNA libraries with antibody against porcine debranching enzyme. The debranching enzyme mRNA in these two tissues will be compared by Northern blot analysis, cDNA sequencing and/or sequencing of mRNA by primer extension. The chromosomal gene(s) coding for debrancher enzyme will be isolated, and the molecular structure and number of copies of the genes will be determined. Information about the number of debrancher genes and the sequences of the mRNA from liver and muscle will be used to design strategies to investigate the mechanism responsible for control of tissue-specific debrancher gene expression. This may involve sequencing of the 5' flanking region for two possible transcription initiation sites, or in the case of two different mRNA sequences encoded by a single gene, sequencing the regions of the gene that specify the mRNA unique to liver or muscle. The defective chromosomal debrancher genes from patients with disease confined to liver will also be cloned and the mutations characterized. Molecular classification of Type III glycogen storage disease will be performed at the protein, mRNA, and gene levels. These molecular findings will be correlated to the type and severity of clinical phenotypic expression. Information gained on molecular structure of glycogen debrancher gene and human mutants lacking debrancher activity may lead to identifying DNA regions important in the control of tissue-specific gene expression, and may provide a model for mechanisms responsible for clinical variability in other genetic disorders.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter"
}
|
Since our Cloud Breakfast in Wellington last year, we have introduced a number of services and enhancements. Join us next month for another series of announcements around the services and products on the Catalyst Cloud that will support your business to take advantage of Infrastructure and Platform as a Service.
|
{
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A Congolese warlord convicted of using child soldiers appealed Friday to the International Criminal Court for early release from his 14-year sentence, saying he wants to go to university to research the causes of ethnic conflicts.
Thomas Lubanga, the first person convicted by the court, deployed children in a brutal conflict in the eastern Ituri region of Democratic Republic of Congo in 2002-2003.
His lawyers argue that Lubanga has been in custody — including time spent incarcerated before and during his drawn-out trial — for more than 12 years and is eligible for early release after serving more than two-thirds of his sentence.
However, prosecutors urged judges not to release him, saying he allegedly has been interfering with witnesses in another case linked to the conflict in Congo. Lubanga denied the allegations.
Luc Walleyn, a lawyer representing Lubanga's victims, said they fear his release could spark renewed tensions in war-ravaged eastern Congo, "and could ultimately lead to renewed armed conflict."
Lubanga has always denied knowingly using child soldiers in the armed wing of his Union of Congolese Patriots political movement, saying that he actively tried to demobilize children who had been recruited. On Friday he told judges, "to my mind, there is no place in an army for children."
He said that he wants to return to Congo and embark on doctoral studies in the city of Kisangani aimed at fostering peace between different ethnic groups in his country.
"I hope to help identify a new form of sociology that will help the tribal groups to live together in harmony," he said.
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The ethical hackers taking the bugs to the bank Published duration 27 May 2019
media caption WATCH: The teenage millionaire hacker
These days, when an unexpected email turns up offering lots of cash, most people just assume it is a scam and delete it.
But Mark Litchfield opened one such a message and it led him on a journey that, so far, has netted him about $1.5m (£1.15m) - all of it legitimate.
The email was from one-time web giant Yahoo, now owned by Verizon Media, and offered Mr Litchfield several thousand dollars as a reward for finding a bug in its website code.
The email was a surprise because he had pretty much forgotten about finding the bug.
"I submitted a bug to Yahoo and thought that was the end of it," he told BBC News. "And then I got this email saying, 'Hey, we've got some money for you. Do you want it?'"
image copyright Getty Images image caption Yahoo had millions wiped off its value because it fell victim to several hack attacks
"That's when I realised that there was money to be made in this."
Yahoo, like a growing number of large companies, pays up when people find loopholes in its web code that could be exploited by malicious hackers.
Through bitter experience, Yahoo has learned what happens when bugs are missed. In 2013 and 2014, it suffered two massive breaches. Data on more than one billion users went astray.
It stepped up its bug-hunting efforts in the wake of those breaches - which is where Mr Litchfield and others like him come in.
Those ethical hackers sign up with companies such as Hacker One, Bug Crowd, Synack and others who run the bug bounty programmes on behalf of companies.
And, according to Mr Litchfield, anyone can do it.
"I can't code - at all," he said. "Yet I've managed to be extremely successful, so literally anyone could do this."
Well, maybe.
image copyright Getty Images image caption Learning to spot bugs in working code can help hone computer skills
Mr Litchfield may not code but he has other technical skills. He turned to bug hunting after years of working in the security industry, where he became an expert on the protocols that govern how computers swap data.
Finding bugs in the way data is transported has netted him the bumper payouts.
Catching the bug
For anyone looking to blaze a similar million-dollar trail or even just start a career in cyber-security, knowing that Mr Litchfield has decades of experience to call on can be disheartening.
It was a feeling familiar to anyone looking to break into the security industry, said James Lyne, head of research at the Sans Institute.
The gap between the experts and the beginners could seem too vast to cross, he said.
For a long time, it had been only those lucky enough to discover a real affinity for cyber-security work, who persevered and would hunt for bugs even if they were not getting paid to do it, who found a place in the industry, he said.
That was Mr Lyne's experience and is one common among the pros, many of whom have an "origin" story of how they accidentally, or with the help of a mentor, made it.
"I was one of the people that lucked out and learned in the industry," he said.
There was a growing need for that haphazard selection process to change, said Mr Lyne, given the massive skill shortage in the cyber-security industry.
"You need to find a way for someone who does not know they love it to connect with it," he said.
Many governments, including the UK's, have set up educational schemes that try to give schoolchildren a taste of cyber-security to see if they like it.
Mr Lyne helped create the UK's scheme, Cyber Discovery, which in its first year had more than 25,000 school children take part.
image copyright Cyber-Discovery image caption The cartoonish appearance puts a friendlier face on tricky cyber-security skills
"It's a teaching tool and a sorting hat," said Mr Lyne.
The Cyber Discovery programme "gamifies" the day-to-day work of the pros.
It turns finding security loopholes, tracking hackers, analysing documents for clues and other basic skills into engaging games.
It also gets children familiar with the tools many cyber-pros use day-to-day.
Participants get points when they complete a section. And the top performers get to attend residential courses that help them hone their skills further.
Bug bounties, said Mr Lyne, were another way that keen amateurs could take their first steps into a cyber-career.
"It's an easier in to the industry and a way to prove your skills," he said.
Bigger bugs
Ian Glover, head of the Crest organisation, which certifies the skills of ethical security testers in the UK, is a supporter of bug bounties too - again as a way for people to get a glimpse of what it is like to defend networks and defeat bad guys for a living.
"The money side of it is not as much of a motivation as you might imagine," he told BBC News - while a few people made a lot of money, most did not.
"It's more about trying to solve the challenges, getting into the industry and getting recognition by your peers."
But anyone taking part in a bug bounty hunt should realise the job of a cyber-security worker demanded far more in terms of skill and expertise," Mr Glover said.
And companies should have a whole host of other well administered defences in place long before they think about letting bounty hunters have a sniff.
Alongside defences embedded in networks and threat-analysis teams should go exercises such as penetration tests that do a more in-depth job of ensuring a system is broadly proof against attack.
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Q:
Removing a index.php from codeginiter url using htaccess not working on server
.htaccess code:
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ /index.php?/$1 [L]
also change in config file:
$config['index_page'] = ' ';
$config['uri_protocol'] = "REQUEST_URI";
mod_rewrite is also enabled.
although this code doesn't work.
A:
Change this
In 'config.php`
$config['base_url'] = '';
$config['index_page'] = ''
$config['uri_protocol'] = 'AUTO';
.htaccess
<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ index.php/$1 [L]
</IfModule>
and accessing URL should with base_url() function.
ex <form action="<?php echo base_url()?>Controller_name/Method_name"
Note: To use base_url() you have to enable it on autoload.php
$autoload['helper'] = array('url');
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{
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
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Welcome Guest! It is Tue Sep 26, 2017 The Current R&D Team Level is [Level 56]. The Current Intel/ Security Team is [Level 84] The Combat Team Level is [Level 83] The Mess Hall Team Level is [Level 10] The Medical Team is [Level 50]
How many Motherbase Easter Eggs have you found???
Shell 4 is still under major construction, Please watch your step on the bridge.
FINALLY DONE! I finally completed Chapter 3. I hope you enjoy, this took a long ass time to make. I advise you go back and read Chapters 1 and 2.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Chapter 3Shadows of Death
Remember the grenade I told you about? Yea. That happened here while I began experimenting with what I could use for weapons. Turns out, I could materialize anything I could want or even need. Especially for combat. But the grenade incident gave me knowledge of an advantage I had over any of my enemies.
When I pulled the pin on that grenade I looked at it like an idiot. Then I threw it and it flew 6 feet, then blew up in my face. It ripped into my body and the force of the explosion made me get launched. But I healed in a matter of minutes. In fact, it took a minute or 2, but I suddenly healed. Instantly I was healed. The pain was gone, and any shrapnel was pushed out of the wounds. Sure maybe my outfit was torn to shit, and bloody, but I was fine underneath all of the damaged clothing.
"That quick heal is going to come in handy..." I said to myself. "Too bad for the tree though." I continued looking at the devastation from the explosion.
When I had finished looking around, I was surprised and wondering how exactly I became so powerful from touching a cloud of colorful smoke. I was still disappointed with my abilities in the fact that I'm basically a one man army. I can't do that much to a real army unless I hang back at a distance and launch explosives. Something I can do but it's not near as fun and just getting right up in their face and beating the shit out of them.
I walked to the edge of the treeline to leave the woods behind an old abandoned ghetto location that's a little way away from my house. Gangs are said to be in the area but I didn't see anyone when I showed up. Things were a bit different when I came out.
"Yo, what the fuck? Big ass explosion, you hear that shit?" I overheard one say.
"Yea that shit shook the HQ a bit. Boss wants us to check it out." said a second.
"Yea I dunno bout dat bruh. Maybe there's a bomb or some shit out there." said the first.
"Nigga there ain't no bomb out there, move yo ass you punk ass bitch!" said a third one.
"Then what the fuck was that big ass explosion professor?!" said the first.
"Yea, what the fuck was that then? You think the boss would send us out to the damn woods for some fucking tacos?" said the second.
"Can we all just shut the fuck up so we can get back?" said a fourth.
"No." said the other three.
I watched from behind a tree. I was expecting to not get spotted, so far so good. I was beginning to wish that I went in a decent bit further into the woods than a few steps behind the treeline. If I moved now, they would hear me, but if I stood still, I had a chance of being spotted.
"God damn. What the fuck happened here?" said the first.
"This was an explosion? God damn. Tree took the most of it." said the 3rd.
I took a small step and stepped on a little twig. Made a loud crack for some reason. At this point I really wished I didn't blow up a grenade...
"What the fuck was that?" said the first.
"Terrell, go check that out." said the third.
"Naw fuck that you go J." said the second.
"Nope!" said the first.
"Why the fuck not?" said the 3rd.
"Don't you see what the fuck happened here? Motherfucker has a god damn bomb." said J.
"Fine, we ALL go." said the 3rd.
"Cool." said Terrell.
I poked my head out and looked at them, but they were looking right at me.
"Who you is?" said the 4th.
I stepped out and waved a bit, still with my damaged clothes, and looked at them.
"I said who you is, brah. Answer me." he said.
"Just testing some toys...?" I said.
"What happened to you, homie? You look like you got fucked up." said the third.
"Oh you got jokes?" said the third. Eight more of his friends came running.
"Plenty. Might not be funny, but I've got plenty." I said, and just as I did, their eight friends shot at me, and I dropped to one knee and ducked and then I heard one of the guys scream "Man what the fuck?!" and then more gunshots. Really... really... close....
I looked up to see 4 more guys dressed like me blasting away at the other 8. First, one went down. Then another. And another. Within a matter of minutes they were dead. Well, one was alive.
"How the fuck did you guys get here?" I asked.
"You 'called' us." one of them said.
"I did that? I spawned you guys?" I asked.
"We wouldn't be here if you didn't!" said another.
"How the fuck did I do that...?" I repeated.
"Don't know. We're only gang type units." said the first.
"Yep. Force Recon." said the second.
"I'm Howell. He's William, and he's X, short for Xavier. And he's James over there with the Micro SMG. Get a pistol or something. Something to shoot someone with because more could be here any minute." said Howell.
"I felt like those was your names." I said, and spawned a Beretta PX4, and looked at Howell. "Can you Force Recon guys do the little tricks I can do?"
"Not quite. We're gang like. Militia grade are better trained and more well equipped. Almost all of them carry rifles, shotguns, or LMGs. Most we have are low grade rifles. OCPs and shit." Howell replied.
"I can just spawn militia grade infantry?" I asked.
"Nope. Not yet. Maybe you could, but you need more experience with the Unit Spawn ability. However you can spawn some sort of vehicle for us to use. Honestly, I only know so much because I'm the first Force Recon you spawned. I'm more of a tutorial to guide you through the process. But if I survive long enough, I can "Level up" so to speak. If I'm still alive when you... unlock I guess that's the right word. If I'm alive when you unlock the ability to spawn militia grade infantry, I'll level up to be a militia grade unit. But I think I'm the only one who can do that. Unless you spawn a general... But that comes later." Howell explained.
"Ah, makes sense now. So, for vehicles, I can spawn something like FAV's?" I asked.
"What's an FAV?" Howell asked.
"Fast Attack Vehicle. Like for a gang it would be a truck or a car. And a tank would be like a bus or a large truck. And a transport would be a Truck, Van, or a small bus. I think a bus would be a new level of sophistication though." I explained.
"Yea. We're more sophisticated though. We know how to handle ourselves under pressure, and how to use our weapons, but we basically train through combat. If you want truly dangerous Force Recon, use them frequently and heal them often. If you heal them often, they stay alive longer and gain veterancy. Same works for militia grade units, but militia units have some simple combat training or something. They tend to be a little better for large scale shootouts." said Howell.
"Okay. Force Recon are gang-like in their simple organization, and getting better through combat. Same for militia, but they're better equipped and are more organized, with simple training. Makes sense." I said. "Alright let's go."
I started moving and they followed me. Everything I told them to do, they did. They claimed to be gang-like, but I didn't exactly see it. At least until combat. They didn't do much with accuracy at first but they got better. I could see them get more comfortable with the environment, if that is the correct way to say it. The more calm and used to combat they got, the more accurate they were. I quickly figured out that these gang like units could possibly be the best units I could have, as long as I took care of them and kept them alive as best as I could when shit hit the fan, the more experience they had, the more calm, collected, and accurate they could be. Of course according to Howell, I wasn't exactly "Professional" at this whole gig either. I was pretty new and had to flex my abilities more. Ah... The flashbacks to Strategy Gaming... It was coming back to me once more. The only problem was.... the Earth isn't exactly a map I can select. It's massive, there are plenty of possible battlefields, and not a single one looked even remotely similar to the other. Something or some things are different. The layout of the cities and towns are different. Different buildings are everywhere even if the layout is similar. Not just different uses, but different heights. Strategy hit me like a brick. I started looking around, searching for a next move to give us the advantage. All the while ducking for cover as bullets slammed into the side of the car we hid behind.
"Hey Howell. You seem pretty smart. What about using that?" I said, pointing to a building over in the distance.
"What about it?" Howell said.
"Take a closer look at the graffiti. It says "Armory" on it." I said.
"What's your point?" said Howell.
"Think about it." I said, and I materialized a grenade into my hand, and tossing it up in the air, catching it, and showing it to him.
"Couple fireworks sounds good." Howell asked.
"Last Resort only. I'd prefer to not cause collateral damage... But the thought of a big explosion is tempting." I said, realizing exactly what my proposition was. "But the fact that they have an armory makes me feel uneasy. These guys must be pretty sophisticated for a basic street gang."
"Maybe they aren't a street gang?" Howell suggested.
"No they are. I can tell by how they act and behave. And dress..." I said. "But their organization.... they travel in platoons.... Their organization is off the charts for a street gang...."
More and more came, guns blazing and that was when I decided that it would probably be best for a quick escape. We poked our heads out and fired, and some of the enemies dropped. One was torn to shreds by James with his Micro SMG. The gangster's black and red shirt was torn apart and he shook violently as his body was pumped full of bullets, and he dropped promptly afterwards. In fact, all of them wore black and red.
"These guys sure do like black and red... Something about their outfits is familiar...." I said. I kept firing and hit a target.
"Where could you have seen them? They're hardly anywhere else in the region I don't believe..." said X.
"I'll try to remember. Just keep firing. I'll... be right back." I said. I teleported to another building behind the wall, poked my head out and fired a few rounds. 3 rounds rang out, 2 hit their target. I managed to get into the armory and took a grenade, pulled the pin, and tossed it in, closed the door, and ran out, teleported over to Howell and the others, and braced for a major explosion. And when it exploded, it shook the earth The ground around us shook violently, and the explosion took a building down partially that was beside it. The rubble and debris fell on 2 squads of the enemy gangsters, crushing them to death. After I threw a couple grenades, they ran and fled. We stepped out from behind our cover and looked around. Not a single living soul other than me and the others were here. I looked at one of the dead in the eyes, and he stared right through me, his cold, dead eyes looking right through me as if I wasn't there. I wasn't sure what he saw, but I know what I saw.
"What the...." I said, surprised.
"What is it?" said Howell.
"I... I killed these people... but I'm sure it was the best thing I could've done." I said.
"What are you talking about?" said James.
"Look into their eyes. At the Iris. This one has red eyes." I said.
"This one does too..." said X.
"So does this one." said Howell.
"I only know one other person who has red eyes... Lazarus is their leader." I explained.
"But... Who's Lazarus?" asked Howell.
"He's... kinda like me, but evil, and he's been around for much longer. Since before the Civil War."
"But that would mean, if you two are anything alike.... then you're immortal! It's physically impossible! It's biologically impossible!" said Howell.
I looked at him with a "Really?" look. "Everything I do is impossible by human standards."
"That.... that's true..." said Howell.
"I have to kill him. I remember our last meeting, about a month ago. He pretty much fought me and destroyed my house. But he flew off in a dropship with actual soldiers wearing these same colors. If I don't kill him, then he may try to kill me, or my family." I said.
"You're too weak, if he has been around for that long. If he really is as old as he says he is, then he was way too much experience. There's no way you'd be able to take him on at this stage." said Howell.
"Then what other option do I have? I have to try to get in his way." I said.
"Flex your powers a bit. Be a little more fancy and push yourself to the limit in combat. It should improve your abilities by a mile and more." said Howell.
"But we don't know his next move..." I said.
"We'll find out soon enough. But we'll need a strike force if we want any chance." said Howell.
"We'll get that later. Right now we need to be undetectable. We need to hide out somewhere." I said.
"Your home would be decent." said Howell.
"He knows where I live. I can stay there but you'll need a place." I said.
"We'll figure something out." said Howell.
Way out into the future, we figured out Lazarus' plan. We narrowed it down to 3 options. Either, A, he would try to get me to be his ally, or B, take over Earth to control humanity. Then there's option C, try to kill me so I won't be in the way of option B. Either way, I wasn't going to let him do any of them, not while I had a say in it. And I really didn't have a say in it, but I had figured out how to squeeze in a few words.
After a few guerrilla operations against Lazarus, we figured out the name of his army, GlobeX. I hated them with a passion within weeks. But finally, I had the chance to make a biiiiiig hit on GlobeX, but it wasn't how I wanted it. And I didn't have a choice to do it or not, and failing wasn't an option.
"Welcome to the morning news, we have breaking news this morning as the Government is urging people to evacuate their homes in Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, and North Carolina, and head for their nearest evacuation zones. The nearest Evacuation Zones are in Charleston, and Myrtle Beach. According to reports from the White House, New York has been attacked by an unknown army in Black and Red colors, they are well equipped and highly dangerous. If you can escape them, do so immediately, avoid their line of sight as they have been shooting civilians on sight. Savannah, Georgia, has also been attacked, and so has Miami, Florida. An Air Raid fleet of these military units has been seen flying over the US, but out of the range of AA guns. They are believed to be heading for Southern California, so the entire southern area of California, and Nevada are being evacuated. If you are in Georgia, Florida, South, or North Carolina, quickly head to Myrtle Beach, or Charleston, South Carolina to evacuate and get to safety. The U.S. Navy has ships in the harbors, and also Cruise Ship Company "Carnival Cruise Lines" are offering some of their ships for civilian housing as well."
I was shocked. Then it all made sense. He didn't care about me, or my family. He wanted Earth. But if I got in his way, he'd cut me down, but at the same time, I would be a valuable ally for Lazarus to have. I had managed to upgrade to militia infantry but I had a nagging feeling that I wasn't ready yet. I ran outside and called Howell.
"Howell! Did you hear the news? We have to get to Myrtle Beach. Now." I said.
"Wouldn't Charleston be closer?" said Howell.
"I have a feeling both will be under attack, and I'm a tiny bit more trusting of Myrtle Beach. I think it'll be a bit safer. And easier to protect." I said.
"Alright I'll get the others. You'll need an army." said Howell.
"I've already got one." I replied. "See you there."
"Will do." said Howell.
I got my family, we got my Aunt, and went to go get my niece but she was already gone. Her mother had taken her to an Evac Site. So we just kept on our way to Myrtle Beach. But when we got there, it was a sight for sore eyes. Dropships flew overhead, fighters were engaging each other. The US military was fighting to keep this city under Human control, but they were struggling. I got out of the car and looked up at the skyline. The city was most definitely under siege, but how long would it hold? Could I do anything to save it at this point? I'll sure as hell try. Howell came running out of nowhere and stopped by me.
"I need you to protect my family. Get them to the evac zone. They've got to go. Put a convoy, whatever, get them out of here." I said.
"Same to you." I said, and got in my aunt's car with the family, and the traffic jam cleared, then we all moved and managed to make it to the Evac zone within the next hour, and the battle was still raging strong. Now it seemed more like a stalemate. Just as I meet up with Howell, and we arranged everything. I said goodbye to my parents, brother, and my aunt, I got a phone call.
"Hello?" I said.
"Helloooooo, old friend." said and all too familiar voice.
"Lazarus... What do you want?" I asked.
"I want you to listen to something." He said, and then I heard my niece calling my name.
The fact that he had my cornered with my niece hit me like bus... bad analogy, but you get the idea. It hurt. Bad.
"I'll kill you for this. I won't hesitate this time." I said.
"Just try it. I'll be back to kill you again... unlike you." he said.
"Tough shit, I know exactly where you are." I said, and hung up. "Let's see how you like it when I come knocking down your door..." I traced the call back to the top of a hotel, surprisingly.
"What's going on bro?" said my older brother.
"They've got Sydney. Lazarus, the guy who helped me destroy my house? Remember him? He has her at the top of the Buena Vista Hotel. And I'm about to give him a rude awakening." I said.
"You better be joking." he said, horrified.
"I wish I was. I'll have her back here before the ship leaves. I promise. If I don't, I'll bring her to the ship." I said, and ran, quickly out of the Evac Zone, then spawned an entire army of Militia Grade infantry. They began running through the streets, hunting for GlobeX units. I spawned 6 more platoons and they followed me to the Buena Vista. I ran and cut through platoon after platoon of GlobeX infantry. I lost 2 platoons but I never expected a militia to do that well against an army nonetheless, but my units were dong surprisingly well. When I got to the top of the Buena Vista, I saw him, standing there, pistol locked and loaded, the barrel aimed at the mother's head. My niece locked in a cage. Me and my militia all aimed our 416 rifles at him and his units, but we didn't fire.
"I see you made it to the party." said Lazarus.
"I see you're still a douchebag." I replied.
"I also see you're still cocky in the face of defeat." Lazarus said.
"I try my best." I replied.
"I'll kill your niece, and her mother first. Then I'll kill your family. Unless you agree to something." said Lazarus
"I will most likely say no, but run it by me." I replied.
"Good, eager to listen. I need you out of my way one way or another. So, I'll promise you something in exchange for something else. A fair trade. I'm going to take over Earth, There's no doubt about that. So, I'll give you and your family a chance to live. If you become my ally, You get a position on the Pedestal of the Planet, by my side. You're family will live lavishly. In royalty. Or, you can at least sign a peace treaty with me and we'll stay out of each other's way. I take over earth, your family lives. I'll conquer the planet and protect your race as best as I can with my massive army, and hopefully one day unite the entire galaxy and beyond. Unity, no more war. No more death by crime, war, or any other man-made means. Just a galaxy of peace." said Douchelord Lazarus.
"That's all a lie." I said.
"On the contrary, it's the truth. You and I are one and the same on this aspect, if nothing else. I wish to protect humanity, and many other races by uniting them underneath a single empire. With me leading them, my covenant will be at peace with each other, and unstoppable, they will crush anyone who wishes to impede our goal of universal unity." Lazarus, king of the douches continued.
"You wish to take away our free will, and for what? Your own gain. I'm ending you here, and now." I said.
"My ships may not be able to get to Jupiter, but I've set up colonies on Mars, and the Moon. Even an orbital defense system in Earth's orbit, and Mars' orbit. They are massive, and armed to the teeth with defense cannons, and systems for an orbital strike. There's even orbital stations around Venus. You're surrounded. You have zero chance of victory." Continued Master of Dicks Lazarus.
"I'm not worried." I said.
"Even if you did kill me, I'd just revive myself, bring myself back from the dead, and kill you. I can do that. You can't. There is no other being in the universe that is like me. You are the closest I have seen to a being like myself. We share the same abilities, but we do not share the factor of being invincible. I have been analyzing you. You fight hard, you are fast, you are strong. You are my counterpart. But I am more powerful, and I can see that you fight, not to simply just protect the innocent, but you fight to stay alive. So that you don't die, but live to fight another day. That is what makes us different. You can die, and so can I, but I do not stay dead forever, unlike you. Good is a powerful force, but this day, what your race considers evil shall triumph." Lazarus said.
"You can suck an entire bag of dicks Lazarus. I'm not backing down. Even in the face of certain death. I may lose, but I will show Humanity that they aren't alone." I said.
"Then, if I can't rule them, I will kill them. And I'll start with you." Lazarus said. He then pulled the trigger and shot Sydney's mother in the head, killing her instantly. And then, everything exploded. Literally. Lazarus disappeared, and everything, and everyone exploded. Everything faded to black and I saw something. I saw a light, and I saw a lady.
"Rise, you have a second chance. You can edit something in history if you want, but only one thing. Place a faction, or a person. It's your choice. But if you do too much, you could alter the course of history for better, or for worse. Don't take a chance. Don't take a risk." she said.
Well, low and behold, I accidentally took a risk. When I added a couple of factions. Honestly, just 4 gangs in the 1980's, and everything exploded. I saw everything pass by my eyes. I wasn't sure what it all was. but it seemed like it was my life. I saw the bus incident and knew it was me. I saw so much occur, that none I understood. But all of it made some sense at the same time. What didn't make sense was when I woke up. A soldier was shaking me, he was dressed in full combat uniform, medium body armor, mask, helmet, goggles, gloves, and digital camo that was colored to match my usual uniform. Which was Basic comfortable cargo pants, sneakers, zipperless hoodie, Reebok logo on the chest, hood up, bandana with a cyber design, lime green here and there on the designs, the rest is a slate gray. However they looked military, I looked like a hoodlum who didn't want his face to be seen.
"You're awake!" said Howell. He was the one shaking me. "No no no no! Stay with me! We've gotta get you outta here!" he screamed. My vision was blurred majorly, my ears were ringing, but I could hear what he said echoing in my ears, and random explosions. I saw him grab his rifle, and fire to my left, then to my right, and grab me, then start dragging me away. I opened my eyes and took a deep breath, then looked around. Everything was different. I was in an infantry camp, next to a roadblock. There were simple FAV's. A basic Humvee basically. .50 Cal machine guns mounted on top of them, and others had TOW missile launchers mounted on top. Excellent for taking out armor and air units, pretty decent against infantry as well. It was odd, I have never built these before, but they seem to be mine.
"Wow.... Howell! What the hell is going on?" I asked.
"You're awake! Again... finally!" said Howell. "You're family is trapped inside that hotel still. We're planning on making another assault. but not without you. Don't be reckless, like always? Last time you almost got killed. You're recklessness always costs civilian lives and because of that the US Army is shooting at us now." Howell said.
"They what?" I asked.
"We're.... enemies of the US military." Howell said.
"I guess here, I'm a prick. Where I just came from, I tried my best to not hurt anyone I didn't need to... But back up, you said family? Trapped?" I said.
"What the fuck? What are you talking about? Whatever, no time. Try to do what you just said you try to do wherever you're from. Without you, we'd be in a stalemate against GlobeX and the Army and way too many people would die before evac." said Howell. "Get a uniform on."
I materialized a 416 rifle and changed my uniform to match Howell's, just with a slight difference, my helmet had faceguards that came down and covered my cheeks on my face. A little added protection.
"Fancy." Howell said.
"Thanks. back up, you said my family was trapped in there?" I asked.
"Yes, brother, mother, father, niece...." said Howell.
"Alright men. And women. Don't engage civilians. No matter what the circumstances are. Usher them away from the battlefield. If you can, get them to the evac group and put them onto an evac ship." I ordered.
"Oh, and we also have our own Evacuation fleet. You all know where it is, if you've been designated on evacuation, find civilians, and get them there, the rest of you are with me and the Commander." said Howell.
"Even better. There you go. Alright, no civilian casualties. Always watch your targets. If you can help it, do NOT engage US military units. We've only got one shot. Push in, push hard, leave no GlobeX alive. When we make it to the hotel, we get my family out of there, and evacuate the entire building if there are any civilians. Watch for red eyes, that's the GlobeX mark. Everybody ready?" I said.
"Sir, yes sir!" They all screamed.
"I can't hear you. Are you ready?!" I asked.
"Hoorah!!!!" They all screamed.
"Lock and load motherfuckers! We're goin' in!!" I screamed, and motioned towards the gate. The squad at the gate opened it, and got out of the way. Humvees filled with infantry rolled out, and platoons marched behind them, beside them, they all marched. I was in a humvee with a .50 of the roof. and the squad was talking inside with me in the back. Mainly, I was silent.
"I wish you were always this concerned bout the safety of others..." said Howell.
"Trust me, I am. Whatever version of me you knew is dead." I said.
"Why in the hell would GlobeX attack here?" said one of the soldiers.
"Who cares? Those baby-killers would attack anyone, anywhere, anytime, and have a fake dumb reason for doing it. But they're at war with Humanity, so who knows what the baby-killers are up to." said another.
"They'll get theirs soon enough." I said.
"Nice armor." said one of them to me.
"Thanks." I said.
When we got to the drop off point, we got out and ran ahead of the humvees. They said they had to check the weapons, make sure they were locked and loaded, ready to fire and properly maintained, but we didn't go far before they came riding past us, guns blazing at targets that we didn't even see. We began firing wherever we saw bullets hitting. Blood splattered everywhere, some bodies fell, guns fell. It was pure chaos. Everything was so surreal. I fired at a random target, and GlobeX soldiers fell. What's worse is these are just their Force Recon, roughly light infantry. When we got to the tower we'd be in for a serious fight.
During the march, we went through several firefights, but none as worse as the third one. The closer we got, the more there were shooting at us. Lazarus really didn't want me getting in that hotel, but his efforts made no difference. I made it there within 3 hours, and the battle hadn't lightened up, instead it got bigger, and more dangerous as gunfire increased and explosions became more and more frequent. the U.S. National Guard were really trying to get these civilians out and keep hold of the city, at any cost.
I made it to the tower with no more than 3 platoons with me, 2 searching for survivors in the building, 1 following me, the other platoons were covering a roadblock. When I made it up to the top of the tower, I saw my family in a cage, my brother screaming at a soldier, and then he looked at us, not recognizing me with all of the armor covering my face and body.
"Lazarus!" I screamed, and we all aimed our rifles at the GlobeX soldiers, mine aimed at Lazarus, their rifles aimed at us, and the others by my family aiming at them. "Give it up, you're surrounded."
"Bro?!! What are you doing?!" my brother screamed at me.
"I see you made it to the party." said Lazarus.
"I see you're still a douchebag." I replied.
"I also see you're still cocky in the face of defeat." Lazarus said.
"I try my best." I replied.
"I'll kill your niece, and her mother first. Then I'll kill your family. Unless you agree to something." said Lazarus
"I will most likely say no, but run it by me." I replied.
"Good, eager to listen. I need you out of my way one way or another. So, I'll promise you something in exchange for something else. A fair trade. I'm going to take over Earth, there's no doubt about that. So, I'll give you and your family a chance to live. If you become my ally, You get a position on the Pedestal of the Planet, by my side. You're family will live lavishly. In royalty. Or, you can at least sign a peace treaty with me and we'll stay out of each other's way. I take over earth, your family lives. I'll conquer the planet and protect your race as best as I can with my massive army, and hopefully one day unite the entire galaxy and beyond. Unity, peace, no more war. No more death by crime, war, or any other man-made means. Just a galaxy of peace." said Douchelord Lazarus.
"That's all a lie." I said.
"On the contrary, it's the truth. You and I are one and the same on this aspect, if nothing else. I wish to protect humanity, and many other races by uniting them underneath a single empire. With me leading them, my covenant will be at peace with each other, and unstoppable, they will crush anyone who wishes to impede our goal of universal unity." Lazarus, king of the douches continued.
"You wish to take away our free will, and for what? Your own gain. I'm ending you here, and now." I said.
"My ships may not be able to get to Jupiter, but I've set up colonies on Mars, and the Moon. Even an orbital defense system in Earth's orbit, and Mars' orbit. They are massive, and armed to the teeth with defense cannons, and systems for an orbital strike. There's even orbital stations around Venus. You're surrounded. You have zero chance of victory." Continued Master of Dicks Lazarus, I am really calling him the same names again... I need a life...
"I'm not worried." I said.
"Even if you did kill me, I'd just revive myself, bring myself back from the dead, and kill you. I can do that. You can't. There is no other being in the universe that is like me. You are the closest I have seen to a being like myself. We share the same abilities, but we do not share the factor of being invincible. I have been analyzing you. You fight hard, you are fast, you are strong. You are my counterpart. But I am more powerful, and I can see that you fight, not to simply just protect the innocent, but you fight to stay alive. So that you don't die, but live to fight another day. That is what makes us different. You can die, and so can I, but I do not stay dead forever, unlike you. Good is a powerful force, but this day, what your race considers evil shall triumph." Lazarus said.
"You can suck an entire bag of dicks Lazarus. I'm not backing down. Even in the face of certain death. I may lose, but I will show Humanity that they aren't alone." I said.
"Then, if I can't rule them, I will kill them. And I'll start with you." Lazarus said. He then raised a pistol at me, and I raised my rifle, aiming down the sights at him.
"Let them go Lazarus." I said. "There's no need for this conflict, there's no need to take hostages. They have nothing to do with any of this. Let my family go, and we'll settle this.
"To be fair, I wanted our rivalry to last much longer than this. You provided an ample challenge for me, unlike anyone else could have provided. You have proven you have honor, and valor, as well as ample nobility, loyalty, and conviction to your cause. Just as I have." Lazarus rambled.
"You are a powerful adversary. Much more powerful than I would have expected from when you helped me destroy my own house." I said. "Drop the weapon, open the cages. We've stalled long enough."
"Consider the proposition." Lazarus said. "Your family, safe and sound, living like kings and queens, and you, their personal guardsman, fighting by my side. We would be unstoppable!"
"That's not anything to strive for." I said.
"You and your altruistic ways prevent you from growing powerful!" Lazarus said. "You don't have to fight by my side, we can split the planet 50-50. You take the Americas, Australia, Japan, and the United Kingdom, and I'll take the rest."
"You can't give me what you don't have." I retorted.
"Oh but I will! In due time this planet will be entirely mine within a single week. With your assistance it could be days. And then we can split the profits." Lazarus offered. "We are two of a kind. There are no more like us, We should work together, partner together and dominate this universe, uniting it under a peaceful rule!!"
"I would appreciate that offer but I made an obligation to humanity. A promise that I intend to keep." I said. "Lower your weapon, and let them go, or I will fire."
Lazarus sighed in disappointment. "Very well... See you in hell." Lazarus said, and pulled the trigger, a bullet launched from the barrel, and I pulled the trigger as soon as I heard "Hell". I struck him directly in the chest, and his bullet struck me in the head. The shot was an instant kill, and I dropped instantly.
A firefight began for a bit and Howell screamed "Commander!!!" and I lay there limply, bleeding, and my family weeping and crying, my brother screaming "No!!!!" with tears running down his face. I suddenly began to stir, as carnage raged around me, Lazarus bleeding and firing at my soldiers, Howell running for cover firing, and GlobeX jailers struggling to hold my brother down. I healed, somehow. Blood lay covering the floor, and I looked around, not moving a single muscle other than my eyes. I was kicked by a soldier rushing forward and limply rolled over. I couldn't hardly do anything, but finally managed to gather my strength and slowly try to pick myself up from the floor, and everything got quiet, save for the gunfire. I could feel Howell staring at me somehow get up from the grave, my brother seeing me get up after a clear shot to my skull. I snapped out of my shock ridden daze and back into reality, and stood up, changing back to my comfortable outfit from before, my usual hoodie and comfy pants, tennis-shoes, hood up, you know, comfy. I stared Lazarus down as I saw him notice me and heard his shock emit in his voice.
"Impossible!" Lazarus screamed as my cold, dead gaze met his. Gunfire slowed to a halt as the room realized that the dead man was awake.
"Impossible? Yes, but did I do it? Yes." I said, walking towards him. "You said I wasn't able to do this, yet here I stand before you now, alive and well. Stand down, douchebag, you have no chance."
"I have orbital stations, you have a fleet on the water!" Lazarus proclaimed. "You have zero chance of victory!"
"Thanks for giving me more targets, I'll pay them a visit sometime." I said, and materialized a pistol, .45 caliber, and aimed at him, point blank range. "Time to run, buddy. You're finished. It's over."
"Oh, wow, the big man has nothing overly intelligent sounding to say? Interesting." I replied. "Should've run when I gave you the chance." I said. Every GlobeX soldier in the room has now surrendered by this point, and my soldiers are cuffing them, readying them to be executed or imprisoned.
"Go to hell." Lazarus said, and I shot him right between the eyes.
"Sorry, didn't catch that... Speak a little louder next time. Howell, get ready to move the prisoners." I said, and I ran over to my family.
"What just happened..." asked my grandpa.
"I wish I could tell you..." I said cutting them free.
"Pa, get Nahnee out of here, go with them, they're your best bet." I said.
"Holy shit... You're..." my brother said, and I cut him off.
"The Protector of Earth... A Guardian. And I'm not going anywhere, anytime soon." I said, and we walked out to our Evac Zone.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Lazarus came to eventually, and the few soldiers that found him rushed him off planet and onto his Orbital Station.
"Sir!!" one soldier said as he noticed Lazarus awake.
"What do you want?" Lazarus asked.
"Requesting new objective, Sir." said the soldier.
"Ready the men, arm up, and lay low. We need a new plan." said Lazarus.
"Yes, Sir. I'll relay the orders to the soldiers." said the soldier.
"And send word to R&D to activate the Havok. With what I have planned for that so called "Protector", it would be the perfect field test..." Lazarus continued.
"Right away, Sir." the soldier responded.
"I will enjoy every second of this..." Lazarus said, a crooked smirk on his face, his orange eyes seemingly gleaming with delight.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~A gargantuan robotic creature begins to power up in a facility on the orbital station. It begins to move, and some panels of armor lift and settle on it's body.
A scientist looks at another one beside him. "Activate the diagnostics and I'll run the start-up systems, get it ready for the final test. Lazarus wants this thing on the ground and in field testing within the next month."
Yes, it's connected because it has the same enemies, GlobeX. This basically just explained how everything came into existence. And her shit is now my shit, because her lazy ass said "Ker'fuck this, no more stories. Even though people fucking love it."
Speaking of which, A New Beginning now has a legitimate name now, and a new chapter coming out within the week for sure.
Yes, it's connected because it has the same enemies, GlobeX. This basically just explained how everything came into existence. And her shit is now my shit, because her lazy ass said "Ker'fuck this, no more stories. Even though people fucking love it."
Speaking of which, A New Beginning now has a legitimate name now, and a new chapter coming out within the week for sure.
lol keep me updated. i go on mb on my phone. my windows 8 computer is total ass when it comes to connecting to a 3.2gbps modem
I finished this yesterday and i must saaaaaaaaay...it sucked... -20/10 would unistall from my brain ._.
no im kidding lulz. my favorite part in this whole scenario is how well you keep up the conversation between characters. it's almost like i can picture them all talking next to each other as the events were happening.
--Hello Guest, Today is Tue Sep 26, 2017 if you are wondering. Have a nice day!! ^-^
Before continuing please make sure of the following:1.) You have said good morning to Hailey2.) You gave her a hug
Thank you. I've seen books where they stop saying "said (insert name here)" and they just continued the dialogue between 2 characters for an entire page. I got lost eventually and had to go back and re-read the dialogue to figure out who was saying what. So I make sure to keep it simple and easy to understand small things like that.
In all seriousness, I appreciate the feedback, I truly do. I would really like to see this book as well as A New Beginning published one day, unlike Seiko who decided to take a break from writing so she could eat all of my ice cream. I also try to keep a light personality on things so you can easily identify the personalities of the characters, like Lazarus and his Know-It-All attitude, and the Creator (me in the story, main character person) and his lighthearted, optimistic, and cocky attitude, and Howard, a caring, and courageous person.
Thank you. I've seen books where they stop saying "said (insert name here)" and they just continued the dialogue between 2 characters for an entire page. I got lost eventually and had to go back and re-read the dialogue to figure out who was saying what. So I make sure to keep it simple and easy to understand small things like that.
In all seriousness, I appreciate the feedback, I truly do. I would really like to see this book as well as A New Beginning published one day, unlike Seiko who decided to take a break from writing so she could eat all of my ice cream. I also try to keep a light personality on things so you can easily identify the personalities of the characters, like Lazarus and his Know-It-All attitude, and the Creator (me in the story, main character person) and his lighthearted, optimistic, and cocky attitude, and Howard, a caring, and courageous person.
It seems also that this site is.... dead.
Not dead. Inactive, no one shows up scheduled because everyone's agenda is scattered, you got school,work,studying,socializing,lazyiness, or time frame of how long someone can be on the computer/even wants to be on the computer/can even get on computer, ect. people come back all the time at different times. it's been like that for years. sometimes everyone gets together at the same time and it gets more active for a day or two. If it was dead, post wouldnt have been made everyday buring old posts every week lulz
and i agree, it gets rather annoying going through pages and pages in a novel trying to keep up with conversation especially when you have voices to keep sustained ^-^
Lazarus himself seems more like well....an ass ._. not in a villain type way just...well..an ass ._. An asshole with an evil agenda and no cookies T.T
--Hello Guest, Today is Tue Sep 26, 2017 if you are wondering. Have a nice day!! ^-^
Before continuing please make sure of the following:1.) You have said good morning to Hailey2.) You gave her a hug
Thank you. I've seen books where they stop saying "said (insert name here)" and they just continued the dialogue between 2 characters for an entire page. I got lost eventually and had to go back and re-read the dialogue to figure out who was saying what. So I make sure to keep it simple and easy to understand small things like that.
In all seriousness, I appreciate the feedback, I truly do. I would really like to see this book as well as A New Beginning published one day, unlike Seiko who decided to take a break from writing so she could eat all of my ice cream. I also try to keep a light personality on things so you can easily identify the personalities of the characters, like Lazarus and his Know-It-All attitude, and the Creator (me in the story, main character person) and his lighthearted, optimistic, and cocky attitude, and Howard, a caring, and courageous person.
It seems also that this site is.... dead.
well you definitely got a story worth getting sucked into, character deph is beyond up to par, the setting and plot is obviously vivid and crystal, however the transitions and the way you go from one scene to another is sketchy sometimes. Not really a huge deal considering its more up to par then a normal novel. which btw they are a bit lengthy for novels but then again this is like 4 pages of work put into one because you can only type one on here. The reason you're probably saying it's dead is probably because of the reply rate of your story. i believe reguardless of active or not because of how lazy people can be in not wanting to fucking sit down and read a godamn story for an hour or two instead of wasting time on the internet looking up stupid shit. You'll probably only get replies from people who are the most optimistic and productive readers.
well you definitely got a story worth getting sucked into, character deph is beyond up to par, the setting and plot is obviously vivid and crystal, however the transitions and the way you go from one scene to another is sketchy sometimes. Not really a huge deal considering its more up to par then a normal novel. which btw they are a bit lengthy for novels but then again this is like 4 pages of work put into one because you can only type one on here. The reason you're probably saying it's dead is probably because of the reply rate of your story. i believe reguardless of active or not because of how lazy people can be in not wanting to fucking sit down and read a godamn story for an hour or two instead of wasting time on the internet looking up stupid shit. You'll probably only get replies from people who are the most optimistic and productive readers.
I don't even read on a everyday basis, barely read things at all and i made time to read all chapters ._.
well you definitely got a story worth getting sucked into, character deph is beyond up to par, the setting and plot is obviously vivid and crystal, however the transitions and the way you go from one scene to another is sketchy sometimes. Not really a huge deal considering its more up to par then a normal novel. which btw they are a bit lengthy for novels but then again this is like 4 pages of work put into one because you can only type one on here. The reason you're probably saying it's dead is probably because of the reply rate of your story. i believe reguardless of active or not because of how lazy people can be in not wanting to fucking sit down and read a godamn story for an hour or two instead of wasting time on the internet looking up stupid shit. You'll probably only get replies from people who are the most optimistic and productive readers.
or..people just dont care for his story on here, or reading stories in general even if its a good story. then again alot of posts get read here. only a few reply after reading. i wouldnt be surprised if alot of people read this (at least 20% of it), liked it and just didnt say shit. or just dont care.
or..people just dont care for his story on here, or reading stories in general even if its a good story. then again alot of posts get read here. only a few reply after reading. i wouldnt be surprised if alot of people read this (at least 20% of it), liked it and just didnt say shit. or just dont care.
That's possible too ._.
--Hello Guest, Today is Tue Sep 26, 2017 if you are wondering. Have a nice day!! ^-^
Before continuing please make sure of the following:1.) You have said good morning to Hailey2.) You gave her a hug
or..people just dont care for his story on here, or reading stories in general even if its a good story. then again alot of posts get read here. only a few reply after reading. i wouldnt be surprised if alot of people read this (at least 20% of it), liked it and just didnt say shit. or just dont care.
That's possible too ._.
illiterate people stay illiterate, people stopped reading so much the more this fucking generation got more into Facebook,Xbox, and other social media bs. they would rather care about drama in real life that could get them in trouble then drama in a good ass book. and this shit is gonna make a good book. People get upset when Kaylee, Angie, and i make posts like this but never wanna do shit about it to change it. they gonna keep being illiterate about it and go back to facebook like they cant fucking live without it. People get mad when they talk shit like this but they turn around and just dont care. Hell i was fucking 8 reading lemony snickets and Captain underpants more then i was platinuming games on my PS3 and i plat alot of games so that says alot.
I read this shit in half a day and i could tell you almost anything about the creator and Lazarus, Globex and their tyranny. and how well readers slowly connect to the creator as he goes more onto his journey, learning a few new bells and whistles along the way. and fucking honestly!? i skimmed this story mostly. mainly because i got an annoying ass little brother who wants to hog my computer so im stuck using my android with a cracked screen.
or..people just dont care for his story on here, or reading stories in general even if its a good story. then again alot of posts get read here. only a few reply after reading. i wouldnt be surprised if alot of people read this (at least 20% of it), liked it and just didnt say shit. or just dont care.
That's possible too ._.
illiterate people stay illiterate, people stopped reading so much the more this fucking generation got more into Facebook,Xbox, and other social media bs. they would rather care about drama in real life that could get them in trouble then drama in a good ass book. and this shit is gonna make a good book. People get upset when Kaylee, Angie, and i make posts like this but never wanna do shit about it to change it. they gonna keep being illiterate about it and go back to facebook like they cant fucking live without it. People get mad when they talk shit like this but they turn around and just dont care. Hell i was fucking 8 reading lemony snickets and Captain underpants more then i was platinuming games on my PS3 and i plat alot of games so that says alot.
I read this shit in half a day and i could tell you almost anything about the creator and Lazarus, Globex and their tyranny. and how well readers slowly connect to the creator as he goes more onto his journey, learning a few new bells and whistles along the way. and fucking honestly!? i skimmed this story mostly. mainly because i got an annoying ass little brother who wants to hog my computer so im stuck using my android with a cracked screen.
ummm....idk about all that buuuut.. i do know that if you force someone to try and read (ex boring shit in school) they tend to not wanna read at all. but! reading on their own with something that interest them usually can make it more enjoying to read books.
--Hello Guest, Today is Tue Sep 26, 2017 if you are wondering. Have a nice day!! ^-^
Before continuing please make sure of the following:1.) You have said good morning to Hailey2.) You gave her a hug
"I guess here, I'm a prick. Where I just came from, I tried my best to not hurt anyone I didn't need to... But back up, you said family? Trapped?" I said.
waht e.e
I was pretty sure that was self explanatory. Everything went boom, he wakes up near death in a world where his abilities had progressed much further than before. And in the world where his abilities had progressed further, bascally the world he's in now, before he got there, The Creator was a neutral person. Neither good, nor evil, but he was more focused on himself and his family, therefore couldn't give two shits about civilian casualties. The definition of a douchebag superhero. However, now he's in this world, controlling his douchebag self, which lets him correct any wrongs he had done, and be the good guy, not hurting anyone unless he needs to.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
Stimulatory effects of Euphorbia cheiradenia on cell mediated immunity and humoral antibody synthesis.
Studies have demonstrated that plant extracts possess various biological characteristics including immunomodulatory activity. Euphorbia cheiradenia Boiss et Hohen (Euphorbiaceae), a medicinal herb native to Iran was investigated for its immunomodulatory effects. The methanolic extract of the plant was prepared and added to mitogen-induced human peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures at different concentrations. Effect of E. cheiradenia on in vivo cell-mediated immunity was measured by delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction. The effect of the extract on humoral antibody synthesis was also measured in immunized mice treated with different extract concentrations. The stimulation index (SI) for cultures treated with 0.01 to 200 microg/ml of the extract ranged from 1.3+/-0.04 to 2.4+/-0.06, (p<0.01) showing a significant stimulatory effect of E. cheiradenia on the lymphocytes. IL-2 secreted from lymphocytes treated with the extract was significantly higher than that from the non-treated cells (p<0.001). Cell cycle analysis on mitogen-treated lymphocytes exposed to different concentrations of the extract showed an increase in the percentage of cells at G2M phase with increases in the concentration of the extract, but the results was not significant. In DTH skin test, the mean footpad thickness of all mice groups treated with 1, 50 and 100 mg/kg of the extract at 24 hours after immunization with antigen was 3.5+/-0.6 mm compared to 2.5+/-0.5 mm for the non-treated group (p=0.005). Moreover, an increase in production of specific antibody in mice immunized with different extract concentrations was also demonstrated. Results of this study showed the ability of the E. cheiradenia extract to induce proliferation of lymphocytes and enhance both cellular and humoral specific immune responses.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
}
|
Three-dimensional knee motion before and after high tibial osteotomy for medial knee osteoarthritis.
High tibial osteotomy (HTO) is an established surgical option for treating medial knee osteoarthritis. HTO moves the mechanical load on the knee joint from the medial compartment to the lateral compartment by changing the leg alignment, but the effects of the operation remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the change in three-dimensional knee motion before and after HTO, focusing on lateral thrust and screw home movement, and to investigate the relationship between the change in knee motion and the clinical results. A series of 19 patients with medial knee osteoarthritis who had undergone HTO were evaluated. We performed a clinical assessment, radiological evaluation, and motion analysis at 2.4 years postoperatively. The clinical assessment was performed using the Japanese Orthopaedic Association knee score. The score was significantly improved in all patients after operation. Motion analysis revealed that lateral thrust, which was observed in 18 of the 20 knees before operation, was reduced to 7 knees after operation. Regarding active terminal extension of the knee, three patterns of rotational movement were observed before operation: screw home movement (external rotation), reverse screw home movement (internal rotation), and no rotation. By contrast, after operation, only reverse screw home movement and no rotation were observed; the screw home movement disappeared in all patients. In the knees with reverse screw home movement after operation, the preoperative score was significantly lower than those in the knees with no rotation after operation. Kinetically, HTO was useful for suppressing lateral thrust in medial knee osteoarthritis, although the rotational movement of the knee joint was unchanged.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
}
|
// Copyright (c) 2014-2020 Dr. Colin Hirsch and Daniel Frey
// Please see LICENSE for license or visit https://github.com/taocpp/PEGTL/
#ifndef TAO_PEGTL_INTERNAL_SEQ_HPP
#define TAO_PEGTL_INTERNAL_SEQ_HPP
#include "../config.hpp"
#include "enable_control.hpp"
#include "success.hpp"
#include "../apply_mode.hpp"
#include "../rewind_mode.hpp"
#include "../type_list.hpp"
namespace TAO_PEGTL_NAMESPACE::internal
{
template< typename... Rules >
struct seq;
template<>
struct seq<>
: success
{};
template< typename... Rules >
struct seq
{
using rule_t = seq;
using subs_t = type_list< Rules... >;
template< apply_mode A,
rewind_mode M,
template< typename... >
class Action,
template< typename... >
class Control,
typename ParseInput,
typename... States >
[[nodiscard]] static bool match( ParseInput& in, States&&... st )
{
if constexpr( sizeof...( Rules ) == 1 ) {
return Control< Rules... >::template match< A, M, Action, Control >( in, st... );
}
else {
auto m = in.template mark< M >();
using m_t = decltype( m );
return m( ( Control< Rules >::template match< A, m_t::next_rewind_mode, Action, Control >( in, st... ) && ... ) );
}
}
};
template< typename... Rules >
inline constexpr bool enable_control< seq< Rules... > > = false;
} // namespace TAO_PEGTL_NAMESPACE::internal
#endif
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Github"
}
|
Bechstein
Bechstein is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Carl Bechstein, German piano manufacturer who founded C. Bechstein Pianofortefabrik
Helene Bechstein (1876–1951), German socialite and businesswoman
Johann Matthäus Bechstein (1757–1822), German naturalist and forester
Ludwig Bechstein (1801–1860), German writer
Category:German-language surnames
de:Bechstein
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
}
|
Katelyn Ohashi was ice skating when her life changed.
As the UCLA gymnast tried to relax at a rink last January, her phone would not stop buzzing. One notification from Twitter turned into hundreds within minutes.
A video of her floor routine the previous night in Anaheim — a perfect 10 — had gone viral; she was trending on Twitter.
“I didn’t have my notifications on but I was getting all these notifications from verified accounts,” she recalled. “I didn’t know what was happening. When I got home, I refreshed my Twitter page and I had 50,000 new followers. It was crazy. I got screenshots from friends of celebrities tweeting about me and retweeting the video. That’s when it kicked in.”
It was a surreal moment for Ohashi, who performed to Janet Jackson’s “Rhythm Nation.” She cried when Jackson tweeted the video of her routine. That video now has more than 44 million views.
Ohashi was on top of the world, but couldn’t capitalize financially from her newfound fame.
“As soon as that happened my career was coming to an end,” Ohashi said. “I was about to graduate and retire.”
Ohashi was at the “espn W: Women + Sports Summit” in Newport Beach last week when the NCAA announced it would allow college athletes to “benefit from the use of their name, image and likeness.” (Though the details about how it would actually work still are being worked on.) She had already been championing the bill signed by California Gov. Gavin Newsom, which will permit college athletes in the state to get paid through endorsement and sponsorship deals, autograph signings and other similar opportunities.
Most of the focus on the new law and the NCAA’s response has been on football and men’s basketball, but Ohashi said it’s just as important for athletes in sports that do not have a professional league to go to after college.
“Many gymnasts peak when they’re 16 and they have to make a decision between going to the Olympics and taking money or going to the Olympics and refusing to take money or just going to college,” she said. “You’re literally 15 years old and making this life-changing decision.
“To close someone off from the opportunity to compete in college or to get compensated for being an Olympian is wrong. Look at [swimmer] Missy Franklin, who went to the Olympics and said she wasn’t going to take money because she wanted to compete in college. Her plan was to capitalize off her second Olympics, but what if she suffered a career-ending injury in college and was never able to compete again? This bill would allow her capitalize off the Olympics and compete in college. It doesn’t close off opportunities.”
Ohashi realized the predicament she was in shortly after her floor routine went viral and she was alone trying to sort through all the opportunities coming her way that likely would not be there for her in the future.
× UCLA gymnast Katelyn Ohashi’s viral floor routine.
“If this bill was in place, I could have had representation, which would have been big,” Ohashi said. “I’m in college and I’m going to school, gym, practice, competitions and I was trying to navigate around a new world blindly, which was difficult. I didn’t have someone helping me out and taking care of stuff I should have taken care of and prioritizing things I should have done. I was doing it all myself and I was super exhausted.
“A lot of people were reaching out to me at the time and I didn’t know what to do or even what I could do. Companies were reaching out to me and saying they want to jump on this opportunity now while I’m enjoying my 15 minutes of fame, and I had to ask them to reach back out in five months when I graduated. Those opportunities are gone by then.”
While high-profile college football and basketball players go on to the NFL, NBA and WNBA, Ohashi’s gymnastics career is over. She’s booking speaking engagements and writing poetry, but she can’t help but wonder what might have been if she was able to capitalize on her viral video in the immediate aftermath. She hopes the next athlete in her position won’t have to wonder.
“Those 15 minutes of fame are for real and you want to take advantage of that because it may never come again,” she said. “I wanted to put out my book of poetry when people were talking about me, but I couldn’t. I had to go through this whole labor process and I wouldn’t have been able to promote it or profit from it and I was able to graduate anyway so I waited, but it’s frustrating.
“No one should have to turn down opportunities they’ve earned.”
|
{
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
}
|
Who Had The Toughest Road To The World Finals?
|
{
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
}
|
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
<declare-styleable name="PullToRefresh">
<!-- A drawable to use as the background of the Refreshable View -->
<attr name="ptrRefreshableViewBackground" format="reference|color" />
<!-- A drawable to use as the background of the Header and Footer Loading Views -->
<attr name="ptrHeaderBackground" format="reference|color" />
<!-- Text Color of the Header and Footer Loading Views -->
<attr name="ptrHeaderTextColor" format="reference|color" />
<!-- Text Color of the Header and Footer Loading Views Sub Header -->
<attr name="ptrHeaderSubTextColor" format="reference|color" />
<!-- Mode of Pull-to-Refresh that should be used -->
<attr name="ptrMode">
<flag name="disabled" value="0x0" />
<flag name="pullFromStart" value="0x1" />
<flag name="pullFromEnd" value="0x2" />
<flag name="both" value="0x3" />
<flag name="manualOnly" value="0x4" />
<!-- These last two are depreacted -->
<flag name="pullDownFromTop" value="0x1" />
<flag name="pullUpFromBottom" value="0x2" />
</attr>
<!-- Whether the Indicator overlay(s) should be used -->
<attr name="ptrShowIndicator" format="reference|boolean" />
<!-- Drawable to use as Loading Indicator. Changes both Header and Footer. -->
<attr name="ptrDrawable" format="reference" />
<!-- Drawable to use as Loading Indicator in the Header View. Overrides value set in ptrDrawable. -->
<attr name="ptrDrawableStart" format="reference" />
<!-- Drawable to use as Loading Indicator in the Footer View. Overrides value set in ptrDrawable. -->
<attr name="ptrDrawableEnd" format="reference" />
<!-- Whether Android's built-in Over Scroll should be utilised for Pull-to-Refresh. -->
<attr name="ptrOverScroll" format="reference|boolean" />
<!-- Base text color, typeface, size, and style for Header and Footer Loading Views -->
<attr name="ptrHeaderTextAppearance" format="reference" />
<!-- Base text color, typeface, size, and style for Header and Footer Loading Views Sub Header -->
<attr name="ptrSubHeaderTextAppearance" format="reference" />
<!-- Style of Animation should be used displayed when pulling. -->
<attr name="ptrAnimationStyle">
<flag name="rotate" value="0x0" />
<flag name="flip" value="0x1" />
</attr>
<!-- Whether the user can scroll while the View is Refreshing -->
<attr name="ptrScrollingWhileRefreshingEnabled" format="reference|boolean" />
<!--
Whether PullToRefreshListView has it's extras enabled. This allows the user to be
able to scroll while refreshing, and behaves better. It acheives this by adding
Header and/or Footer Views to the ListView.
-->
<attr name="ptrListViewExtrasEnabled" format="reference|boolean" />
<!--
Whether the Drawable should be continually rotated as you pull. This only
takes effect when using the 'Rotate' Animation Style.
-->
<attr name="ptrRotateDrawableWhilePulling" format="reference|boolean" />
<!-- BELOW HERE ARE DEPRECEATED. DO NOT USE. -->
<attr name="ptrAdapterViewBackground" format="reference|color" />
<attr name="ptrDrawableTop" format="reference" />
<attr name="ptrDrawableBottom" format="reference" />
</declare-styleable>
</resources>
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Github"
}
|
The effect of experimental conditions related to the induction of atherosclerosis will be studied with an emphasis on changes in elastin fiber formation. The conditions which will be studied include hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and hyperinsulinemia. Hypertension will be induced by galactose intoxication, which in avians produces marked plasma hyperosmolarity. Hyperinsulinemia will be studied using both in vitro and in vivo systems. In addition, properties of proforms to tropoelastin will be studied after isolation and characterization in an attempt to provide information on the metabolism of elastin. One of the key features of the work will be the assessment and identification of events which lead to increases or decreases in net elastin synthesis. One aspect of the work will be the investigation of changes in elastin synthesis in older animals or through the lifecycle of animals exposed to conditions which are known to alter the metabolism of the vascular wall.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter"
}
|
module golang.org/x/lint
require golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20190311212946-11955173bddd
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Github"
}
|
Q:
React: Do children always rerender when the parent component rerenders?
It is to my knowledge that if a parent component rerenders, then all its children will rerender UNLESS they implement shouldComponentUpdate(). I made an example where this doesn't seem to be the true.
I have 3 components: <DynamicParent/>, <StaticParent/> and <Child/>. The <Parent/> components are responsible for rendering the <Child/> but do so in different ways.
<StaticParent/>'s render function statically declares the <Child/> before runtime, like so:
<StaticParent>
<Child />
</StaticParent>
While the <DynamicParent/> handles receiving and rendering the <Child/> dynamically at runtime, like so:
<DynamicParent>
{ this.props.children }
</DynamicParent>
Both <DynamicParent/> and <StaticParent/> have onClick listeners to change their state and rerender when clicked. I noticed that when clicking <StaticParent/> both it and the <Child/> are rerendered. But when I click <DynamicParent/>, then only the parent and NOT <Child/> are rerendered.
<Child/> is a functional component without shouldComponentUpdate() so I don't understand why it doesn't rerender. Can someone explain why this is to be the case? I can't find anything in the docs related to this use case.
A:
I'll post your actual code for context:
class Application extends React.Component {
render() {
return (
<div>
{/*
Clicking this component only logs
the parents render function
*/}
<DynamicParent>
<Child />
</DynamicParent>
{/*
Clicking this component logs both the
parents and child render functions
*/}
<StaticParent />
</div>
);
}
}
class DynamicParent extends React.Component {
state = { x: false };
render() {
console.log("DynamicParent");
return (
<div onClick={() => this.setState({ x: !this.state.x })}>
{this.props.children}
</div>
);
}
}
class StaticParent extends React.Component {
state = { x: false };
render() {
console.log("StaticParent");
return (
<div onClick={() => this.setState({ x: !this.state.x })}>
<Child />
</div>
);
}
}
function Child(props) {
console.log("child");
return <div>Child Texts</div>;
}
When you write this code in your Application render:
<StaticParent />
What's rendered is this:
<div onClick={() => this.setState({ x: !this.state.x })}>
<Child />
</div>
And in reality, what happens (roughly) is this:
function StaticParent(props) {
return React.createElement(
"div",
{ onClick: () => this.setState({ x: !this.state.x }) },
React.createElement(Child, null)
);
}
React.createElement(StaticParent, null);
When you render your DynamicParent like this:
<DynamicParent>
<Child />
</DynamicParent>
This is what actually happens (again, roughly speaking)
function DynamicParent(props) {
return React.createElement(
"div",
{
onClick: () => this.setState({ x: !this.state.x }),
children: props.children
}
);
}
React.createElement(
DynamicParent,
{ children: React.createElement(Child, null) },
);
And this is the Child in both cases:
function Child(props) {
return React.createElement("div", props, "Child Text");
}
What does this mean? Well, in your StaticParent component you're calling React.createElement(Child, null) every time the render method of StaticParent is called. In the DynamicParent case, the Child gets created once and passed as a prop. And since React.createElement is a pure function, then it's probably memoized somewhere for performance.
What would make Child's render run again in the DynamicParent case is a change in Child's props. If the parent's state was used as a prop to the Child, for example, that would trigger a re-render in both cases.
I really hope Dan Abramov doesn't show up on the comments to trash this answer, it was a pain to write (but entertaining)
A:
It's mainly cause of you have 2 different "children".
this.props.children
<Child/>
They're not the same thing, first one is a prop passed down from Application -> DynamicParent, while the second one is a Component rendered in StaticParent, they have separate rendering/life cycles.
Your included example
class Application extends React.Component {
render() {
return (
<div>
{/*
Clicking this component only logs
the parents render function
*/}
<DynamicParent>
<Child />
</DynamicParent>
{/*
Clicking this component logs both the
parents and child render functions
*/}
<StaticParent />
</div>
);
}
}
Is literally the same as:
class Application extends React.Component {
render() {
// If you want <Child/> to re-render here
// you need to `setState` for this Application component.
const childEl = <Child />;
return (
<div>
{/*
Clicking this component only logs
the parents render function
*/}
<DynamicParent>
{childEl}
</DynamicParent>
{/*
Clicking this component logs both the
parents and child render functions
*/}
<StaticParent />
</div>
);
}
}
|
{
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
}
|
Minimally invasive thoracotomy for myocardial revascularisation. A study of 32 cases.
This study aimed to evaluate the advantages offered by a myocardial revascularisation technique proposed by Kolessov in 1967: minimally invasive thoracotomy for myocardial revascularisation. The aim was to assess its short and medium-term benefits. During the course of the 1980s, the problems linked to extracorporeal circulation (ECC) and the contraindications for traditional myocardial revascularisation led to a renewed popularity of "beating heart" revascularisation techniques. The largest and most extensive series of patients in the literature undergoing myocardial revascularisation during left mini-thoracotomy was reported by Calafiore et al. In this study we report the series treated by our centre which, albeit involving only 32 cases, obtained good results in the short and medium term. This surgical procedure can only be applied to patients presenting monovasal obstructive coronary disease affecting the anterior interventricular artery (IVA) which must not present small calibre, calcified walls or a lateralised or intramyocardial anatomic position. Invasive and non-invasive instrumental tests carried out to control the distal anastomoses of the left internal mammary artery (IMA) did not reveal angulations and/or stenosing tractions before the anastomosis of IMA to a significant extent also for treatment, when isolating IMA, able to obtain the longest possible length and the best mobility. No infection of surgical wounds was reported postoperatively, as sometimes occurs in median longitudinal sternotomy. The 2-year follow-up showed the resolution of angina in 100% of the patients studied, as well as a satisfactory and rapid renewal of social relations.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
}
|
Q:
Solved: What's the equivalent of Aspose.Pdf.Kit.PdfPrivilege in the "merged" version of Aspose (6.x)
I am migrating a project how to replace this class.
Aspose documentation says that the Aspose.Pdf.kit namespace has migrated to Aspose.Pdf.Facades, but there is not Aspose.Pdf.Facades.PdfPrivilege
Any clues ?
A:
Permissing setting has changed and is now supposed to be done with this class: Aspose.Pdf.Facades.DocumentPrivilege
|
{
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
}
|
Assac
Assac is a commune of the Tarn department in southern France.
See also
Communes of the Tarn department
References
INSEE
Category:Communes of Tarn (department)
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
}
|
7 Diseases That Are Caused By Sleeping With Wet Hair. Stop Doing It Right Now!
Many of us are used to go to bed with wet hair. However, this is a big mistake. In fact, sleeping with damp or wet hair can be the culprit of many ailments. This doesn’t mean that we will catch a cold or pneumonia, but trigger other health issues.
When we go to bed with damp or wet hair, the moisture is retained and it can inflame the scalp, causing an annoying itching sensation. Moreover, this can also cause damage to the mane. What’s more, you shouldn’t keep the towel on your head for too long as it has the same effect of retaining moisture.
Ailments Caused by Sleeping with Wet Hair
Hair Breakage
When the hair is wet, it is more prone to breakage. So, sleeping with wet hair only increases the risk of hair breakage.
Sticky Hair
Sleeping with wet hair will cause sticky hair. Hence, the hair can be difficult to be entangled. This is especially the case for people with long hair.
Headache
As we mentioned before, the wet hair retains the moisture throughout the night. On the other hand, when we sleep, the temperature of the body rises. Thus, there will be a big temperature difference and this will cause headaches.
Itchy Skin
Sleeping with wet hair can trigger different types of itching. This will happen due to the moisture that is formed in the skin of your head.
Infections
Moreover, sleeping with wet hair will wet the pillow and towel, which becomes the perfect breeding place for bacteria. Therefore, it may lead to infections.
Muscle pain
Due to the temperature change, sleeping with wet hair may cause muscle pain, severe cramps, and facial paralysis. In some rare cases, it may even lead to paralysis of the whole body and cause death.
Dandruff
When your scalp remains moist for a longer time period, it will interfere with the function of sebaceous glands on the scalp. As a result, these glands will either start to produce more oil or reduce oil production. Moreover, this may disrupt the natural pH balance of the scalp and trigger dandruff or excessive oily scalp.
Therefore, you should avoid sleeping with damp or wet hair and wash your hair during day hours.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
Characterization of nonpoint source microbial contamination in an urbanizing watershed serving as a municipal water supply.
Inland watersheds in the southeastern United States are transitioning from agricultural and forested land uses to urban and exurban uses at a rate greater than the national average. This study sampled creeks representing a variety of land use factors in a rapidly urbanizing watershed that also serves as a drinking water supply. Samples were collected bimonthly under dry-weather conditions and four times during each of three storm events and assessed for microbial indicators of water quality. Concentrations of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) including fecal coliforms and Escherichia coli were measured using standard membrane filtration techniques. Results showed that FIB concentrations varied between 10(0) and 10(4) colony forming units (CFU) per 100 mL. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that FIB were generally higher in more developed watersheds (p < 0.01). Concentrations were also significantly greater during storm events than during dry-weather conditions (p < 0.02), although concentrations demonstrated both intra and inter-storm variability. These results indicate that the magnitude of microbial contamination is influenced by intensity of watershed development, streamflow and antecedent precipitation. Dry-weather FIB loads showed considerable seasonal variation, but the average storm event delivered contaminant loads equivalent to months of dry-weather loading. Analysis of intra-storm loading patterns provided little evidence to support "first-flush" loading of either FIB, results that are consistent with environmental reservoirs of FIB. These findings demonstrate that single sampling monitoring efforts are inadequate to capture the variability of microbial contaminants in a watershed, particularly if sampling is conducted during dry weather. This study also helps to identify timing and conditions for public health vulnerabilities, and for effective management interventions.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
}
|
Q:
How to change which modules are auto-applied in Darktable?
When I open a raw file in Darktable sharpening and a base curve are automatically applied. How do I alter this? I would like to add lens correction.
A:
Automatic presets would do that, see the section "Module presets" in Darktable's user manual. Note that you need Darktable version > 1.4 for this to work sensibly with lens correction. In earlier versions the lens correction did not adapt correctly to the image parameters.
Relevant section from the manual:
A module has an expander bar . Clicking on the name of the module
expands the module's GUI with all parameters.
In its default setting darktable will only expand one GUI at a time.
If you click the expander bar of another module, the previous GUI gets
collapsed. If you want to see more than one GUI expanded, you may
expand further modules with shift-click – all previously expanded
GUIs remain opened. The expander bar behavior on click and
shift-click, respectively, is controlled by a preference setting in
gui options (see Section 8.1, “GUI options”).
Expanding a module does not activate it. You need to click the icon
to turn a module on or off.
Icon accesses the module's available presets or creates a new preset
from your current settings (see Section 3.2.3, “Module presets”).
|
{
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
}
|
Developers Payce Consolidated and Sekisui House have submitted a long awaited development proposal for one of Brisbane’s most premium development sites along Boundary Street in West End.
Formerly housing the Peters Ice Cream factory, West Village is a masterplanned urban community housing 1350 apartments, a 4500sqm supermarket, 500sqm of community facilities, a 450-space public car park, and parking for 1600 bicycles.
The mixed use $800 million precinct is broken up into three stages and includes seven residential buildings of varying heights:
Stage 1 – A code assessable development application over an area being greater than 10,000m2 for 2 multiple dwelling buildings being less than or equal to 15 storeys above a retail / commercial podium and basement car parking.
Stage 1A – An impact assessable development application within the Heritage Curtilage involving the adaptive retail / commercial reuse of the existing local heritage buildings, village green and retail pods.
Stage 2 – An impact assessable development application for 3 multiple dwelling buildings ranging from less than or equal to 15 storeys to no greater than 20 storeys above a retail / commercial podium which includes an individual tenancy of no greater than 4,500m2 gross floor area being for a super market tenancy, parking station and basement car parking.
Stage 3 – A code assessable development application for two (2) Multiple Dwelling buildings ranging from less than or equal to 19 storeys and no greater than 25 storeys above a Retail / Commercial podium and basement car parking.
According to the DA, the masterplan boasts the following design principals:
Our Big 5 Design Moves
Embodying the aspirations set by the community & committed to by the project team, these key moves aim to celebrate West Village as the centre of community life in West End.
1 Embrace Boundary St
Boundary St has long been the centre of life in West End.
Opening up the site & embracing Boundary St will create a seamless extension of the public realm allowing its High Street to expand into a lush, sub-tropical community heart at West Village.
2 Maximise Open Space
West Ender’s & Brisbane urbanites relish in their relaxed outdoor lifestyle.
Re-imagining the precinct as a cathedral in the round – with two striking heritage buildings surrounded by open public space. Places to sit, gather, relax and celebrate local events – in lush sub- tropical gardens with views to our big blue sky.
3 Celebrate Pedestrian Connections
Extending through the site with unique laneways, paths, squares & stairs
Understanding the character of West End & heritage fabric of the site, each of the 6 laneway connections is celebrated to create a series of unique experiences which connect West End.
4 Reinterpret The Site’s Existing Hill
Cascading public realm which appropriates the ridge line & natural fall across the precinct.
A precinct landscape that reinterprets the existing hill – framing views, reinstating green, providing a landscape of discovery. ‘The Steps’ becoming West End’s own Spanish Steps, a place to meet, sit, watch the world go by.
5 Benchmark Sub-Tropical Gardens
In an area with beloved parks & riverscapes, this is West End’s central urban garden.
With people and public space at the fore, West Village will provide West End with benchmark sub-tropical landscapes, a series of continuous green corridors through the precinct and a lush, garden setting for West End’s heart.
The masterplan seeks to create 9 new public spaces:
6 New Laneways
Factory Lane, Gun Shop Lane, Little Jane Lane, Mollison Lane, Peters Lane, Wilson Lane
With newly restored industrial edges, Factory lane picks up the industrial aesthetic and becomes WV’s chic, authentic working lane. Think Flinders Lane Melbourne – small bars, up & coming restaurants, gallery openings which spill onto the laneway at night. It’s flexible design allows for markets, festivals, temporary events- Factory Lane is the spine WV’s laneway events spill from.
2 Squares
The Common Peter’s Square:
Its vibrant open frontage embraces Boundary Street. Flanked with cafes, bars and the newly restored Ice Cream Factory, West End locals and Brisbane urbanites meander along shaded paths on their way to grab a coffee, buy fresh bread or just watch life pass by from the shade of one of West Villages beloved Fig Trees.
Rich with activity and texture and surrounded by terracing, Peters Square is the contained working heart of West Village. Flanked with retail and fresh produce, this is the market square fine-tuned to our climate and lifestyle. Shaded seating with views across the square and up the laneways are the perfect place to meet up with friends, or stop and have an ice cream.
The Steps
West End’s Spanish Steps
The Master Plan:
Public Realm Vision:
The DA number for this development is A004115562.
Images supplied by DA document.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
}
|
Price control is a ‘tough ask’ for the government, but the ill can be cured by launching a strict monitoring followed by exemplary punishments to the hoarders so that they can never think of such mischievous measures.
The Punjab government announced Rs four billion Ramazan package for over 90million people while the federal government earmarked Rs two billion for the whole country.
The government announced price reduction of about 1,500 items available at the utility stores and the Ramazan Bazaars.
The major chunks of Punjab relief package will go to proving flour at low rate. This commodity will be available at Rs 100 cut price at 350 Ramazan Bazaars throughout the province. The provincial government also decreased flour price in open market.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
Lead-free interconnection between structures and lead-free die attachment are growing trends, particularly in the semiconductor industry. Part of this trend is driven by concern over the use of lead, with some governing bodies scheduled to ban the use of lead in the semiconductor industry. Soldered interconnections containing lead are commonly used for highly conductive interconnects.
Thus, a highly conductive lead-free interconnection that may replace a soldered interconnection would be desirable. Some options for achieving a conductive lead-free interconnection have included sintering or diffusion soldering. In both of these cases, there are a number of important boundary process conditions that require consideration.
For example, neither the pressure used for the sintering or diffusion bonding, nor the temperature for the sintering or diffusion bonding may be too high in order to prevent damage to semiconductor structures, as well as being able to be achieved by existing equipment. In addition, prior to the final fixation of a die, it must be placed in position with high precision and remain in that position during subsequent handling steps. These boundary conditions may place requirements that may not be optimal for the processes of sintering or diffusion soldering, or may not be suitable for carrying out the processes with conventional interconnection and die attach equipment. It would be desirable that a final interconnection be achieved at relatively low temperatures and that there is no excess support material in or around an interconnect.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
}
|
The Great Gambler
The Great Gambler is a 1979 Indian action thriller film, known in Hindi as Sabse Bada Zuari (), starring Amitabh Bachchan, Zeenat Aman, Neetu Singh and Prem Chopra. It was directed by Shakti Samanta.
Initially, it did poorly at the box office, but it did decent business in Mumbai and has since attained cult status. This film is a thriller, and its story is based on international gangsters, spies and secret agents of different countries' intelligence agencies and their undercover operations. This film had high production costs with a significant portions of it being shot in international locations including Cairo, Lisbon, Venice and Rome, and in India many scenes were shot in Goa. The Great Gambler has been widely appreciated for its action, direction and cinematography.
Synopsis
Jai (Amitabh Bachchan) is an expert gambler, has been for as long as he can remember, and has never lost a game. These skills bring him to the attention of the underworld don Ratan Das (Madan Puri), who is interested in hiring him to win large amounts of money from rich people and then influencing them into doing whatever he wants. Jai agrees to do so, and plays successfully, though unknowingly to entrap Nath (Jagdish Raj), who works for the government. After losing large amounts of money, he is blackmailed into revealing the blueprints of a top-secret military laser weapon that can hit any target within 50 miles and is wanted by another underworld don named Saxena (Utpal Dutt). When the Indian police come to know of this, they assign the case to Inspector Vijay (also Amitabh Bachchan), who is a lookalike of Jai.
Jai and Vijay's paths are soon intertwined when both coincidentally sent to Rome where Vijay is sent to retrieve evidence against underworld don Saxena by his former henchman and Jai is onto a money-making scheme where he would marry Mala (Neetu Singh) to inherit her money. Mala however, meets Vijay at the Rome airport and Vijay decides to go along with this to find out who his lookalike is. Jai meanwhile meets Shabnam (Zeenat Aman), a club dancer who mistakes him for Vijay, and was sent by Saxena to stop him on his mission to discover Saxena's plans. It is later revealed that Jai and Vijay are actually long-lost twin brothers and together they team up to stop Saxena from retrieving the laser weapon.
Cast
Amitabh Bachchan as Jay / C.I.D. Inspector Vijay (Double Role)
Zeenat Aman as Shabnam
Neetu Singh as Mala
Roopesh Kumar as Sethi
Madan Puri as Ratan Das
Iftekhar as Deepchand
Utpal Dutt as Mr. Saxena
Helen as Monica (Dancer)
Jagdish Raj as Nath
Prem Chopra as Ramesh / Abbasi
Sujit Kumar as Marconi
Om Shivpuri as CID Head Mr. Sen Verma (Inspector Vijay's Boss)
Brahm Bhardwaj as White Haired Elder Indian Secret Agent In Rome.
Music
All lyrics written by Anand Bakshi. Music composed by Rahul Dev Burman.
Notes:
1) The song "Do Lafzon Ki Hai Dil Ki Kahaani" was shot on a Gondola in Venice's Grand Canal.
2) The song "Pehle Pehle Pyaar Ki Mulaqaatein" was shot in Eduardo VII Park, Lisbon.
References
Notes
In 1976, Amjad Khan had a severe accident on the Mumbai-Goa highway which left him with broken ribs and a punctured lung. He was going to participate in the shooting of this movie according to the initial casting but did not materialize. Due to this, his role was given to Utpal Dutt.
External links
The Great Gambler at Bollywood Hungama
Category:Films scored by R. D. Burman
Category:Indian films
Category:1970s Hindi-language films
Category:Films directed by Shakti Samanta
Category:Indian crime action films
Category:1970s crime action films
Category:1970s action thriller films
Category:Indian action thriller films
Category:Films shot in Lisbon
Category:Films shot in Venice
Category:Films shot in Amsterdam
Category:Indian films with live action and animation
Category:Films shot in Mumbai
Category:Films shot in Egypt
Category:Films shot in Rome
Category:Films shot in Italy
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{
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
}
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American Women's League Chapter House (Peck, Idaho)
The American Women's League Chapter House in Peck, Idaho was built in 1909. It was designed with Prairie School style elements by St. Louis architects Helfensteller, Hirsch & Watson. It was deemed historically significant as "a nearly unaltered example of AWL architecture", being the only one of Idaho's two American Women's League chapter houses that survives, and "for its association with the AWL movement and for its role as a center for local social and educational activities."
At the time of this chapter house's nomination in 1986, it was not known by the nominator what the status was for the 39 other AWL chapter houses once existing in the United States, hence the national-level importance of this example was unknown.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.
References
Category:Clubhouses on the National Register of Historic Places in Idaho
Category:Prairie School architecture in Idaho
Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1909
Category:History of women in Idaho
Category:Buildings and structures in Nez Perce County, Idaho
Category:Women's club buildings
Category:National Register of Historic Places in Nez Perce County, Idaho
Category:American Woman's League
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"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
}
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Tag: Summer
This post is sponsored by Kohl’s. I received the included Carter’s clothes as compensation. My grandson is going to 4-year old kindergarten this year so I called my daughter up, who lives an hour or so from me, and said let’s do some back to school shopping for Kari. I called her on video chat… Read More Top 6 Tips for Taking Back To School Photos
This post was sponsored by Smithfield as part of an Influencer Activation for Influence Central and all opinions expressed in my post are my own. One of the best parts about summer is Germaine does a lot of the cooking. Frequent grilling was a big part of his childhood growing up in the south. It’s… Read More Grilled Pork Chops with Mint and Lime Basil Slaw
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{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
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/*
* Copyright (C) 2017 Apple Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY APPLE INC. AND ITS CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS''
* AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
* THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
* PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL APPLE INC. OR ITS CONTRIBUTORS
* BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
* CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
* SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
* INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
* CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
* ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF
* THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
#pragma once
namespace WTF {
template<typename ContainerType, typename ForEachFunction>
void forEach(ContainerType&& container, ForEachFunction forEachFunction)
{
for (auto& value : container)
forEachFunction(value);
}
template<typename ContainerType, typename AnyOfFunction>
bool anyOf(ContainerType&& container, AnyOfFunction anyOfFunction)
{
for (auto& value : container) {
if (anyOfFunction(value))
return true;
}
return false;
}
template<typename ContainerType, typename AllOfFunction>
bool allOf(ContainerType&& container, AllOfFunction allOfFunction)
{
for (auto& value : container) {
if (!allOfFunction(value))
return false;
}
return true;
}
}
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Github"
}
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---
abstract: 'Game coloring is a well-studied two-player game in which each player properly colors one vertex of a graph at a time until all the vertices are colored. An “eternal” version of game coloring is introduced in this paper in which the vertices are colored and re-colored from a color set over a sequence of rounds. In a given round, each vertex is colored, or re-colored, once, so that a proper coloring is maintained. Player 1 wants to maintain a proper coloring forever, while player 2 wants to force the coloring process to fail. The eternal game chromatic number of a graph $G$ is defined to be the minimum number of colors needed in the color set so that player 1 can always win the game on $G$. We consider several variations of this new game and show its behavior on some elementary classes of graphs.'
author:
- |
William F. Klostermeyer\
School of Computing\
University of North Florida\
Jacksonville, FL 32224-2669\
[klostermeyer@hotmail.com]{}
- |
Hannah Mendoza\
Wake Forest University\
Winston Salem, NC 27109\
[mendhm17@wfu.edu]{}
title: '**The Eternal Game Chromatic Number of a Graph**'
---
Introduction
============
The [*[eternal graph coloring problem]{}*]{} was introduced by Klostermeyer in [@WFK] and is defined as follows. Let $G=(V, E)$ be a finite, undirected graph with $n$ vertices. Let $f_0: V \rightarrow Z^+$ be a proper vertex coloring of $G$. An infinite sequence of vertex [*requests*]{} $R=r_1, r_2, \ldots$ must be handled as follows. After $r_i$ is revealed, the color assigned to $r_i$, $f_{i-1}(r_i)$, must be changed, yielding a proper coloring $f_i$. We may formalize this problem as a two-player game: player 1 chooses an initial proper coloring of $G$ with at most $k$ colors; the players then alternate turns with player 2 (the [*adversary*]{}) choosing a vertex and player 1 changing the color of that vertex while still maintaining a proper coloring of $G$ with at most $k$ colors. Player 2 wins if player 1 has no valid move at some turn and player 1 wins otherwise. The smallest positive integer $k$ for which player 1 can win the game on graph $G$, for any possible sequence of moves by player 2, is the [*eternal chromatic number*]{} of $G$, is denoted $\chi^\infty(G)$. In other words, how many colors are needed to ensure player 1 can win the game? The game may be viewed as starting from some initial proper coloring, with player 1 maintaining $\chi^\infty(G)$ independent sets, dynamically moving vertices from one set to another as requests from player 2 are made so that each set remains an independent set at all times.
The [*vertex coloring game*]{} was introduced in 1981 by Brams (see [@Gard]) and rediscovered later by Bodlaender [@Bod]. It is a two-player game played according to the following rules:\
$\bullet$ Alice and Bob properly color the vertices of a graph $G$ with a fixed set of $k$ colors (the colors are assumed to be integers in the range $1, \ldots, k$).\
$\bullet$ Alice and Bob take turns, coloring properly any uncolored vertex (in the standard version of the game, Alice begins).\
$\bullet$ If a vertex $v$ is impossible to color properly (that is, for any color in the color set, $v$ has a neighbor colored with that color), then Bob wins.\
$\bullet$ If all vertices in the graph are colored properly, then Alice wins.\
The game chromatic number of $G$, denoted by $\chi _{g}(G)$, is the minimum number of colors needed in the color set to guarantee that Alice wins the vertex coloring game on $G$.
The purpose of this paper is to define a new graph coloring game which extends game coloring to an “eternal” model of graph coloring that is played by two players over a series of rounds. We define several versions of this game, present some basic results, and pose some questions.
Eternal Game Chromatic Number
=============================
We define the [*eternal vertex coloring game*]{} on finite, undirected graph $G$ as follows.
$\bullet$ Alice and Bob properly color the vertices of a graph G with a fixed set of $k$ colors (the colors are assumed to be integers in the range $1, \ldots, k$).\
$\bullet$ Alice and Bob take turns, choosing and coloring (or re-coloring) properly one vertex at a time, with Alice going first:\
$\bullet$ if a vertex $v$ is uncolored and is chosen by Alice or Bob, then it must be properly colored\
$\bullet$ if a vertex $v$ is colored color $c$ and is chosen by Alice or Bob, then it must be assigned a color other than $c$ which is not used on one of its neighbors (this new color is chosen by the player whose turn it is)\
$\bullet$ all vertices must be chosen $t$ times prior to any vertex being chosen $t+1$ times, for every integer $t \geq 1$\
$\bullet$ If a vertex $v$ is chosen and is impossible to color properly (that is, for every color in the color set other than its current color, $v$ has a neighbor colored with that color), then Bob wins.\
$\bullet$ If Bob cannot win the game, then Alice wins.\
In other words, the colorings take place over a series of [*rounds*]{}: each vertex is colored, or re-colored, once during each round. The number of rounds is infinite if Alice wins. We note that if $n$ is odd, the second round, and all even numbered rounds, have Bob going first. We shall sometimes refer to this as the A-game.
Let $\chi_g^\infty(G)$ be the minimum number of colors needed in the initial color set to guarantee Alice to win the eternal vertex coloring game on $G$. We call $\chi_g^\infty$ the [*eternal game chromatic number*]{}. As an example, trivially $\chi_g^\infty(K_2)=3$. Not so trivially, $\chi_g^\infty(P_3)=3$. To see this, let $P_3=uvw$. Alice colors $v$ red, Bob colors $u$ blue, and Alice colors $w$ blue. There are now two cases for Bob’s second turn:
Case 1) If Bob colors $v$ green, then Alice colors $w$ red, Bob colors $u$ red, and we are back to a 2-coloring of $G$ and we can start the process over with Alice moving next.\
Case 2) If Bob colors $u$ green, then Alice colors $w$ green and Bob colors $v$ blue. Again, we are back to a 2-coloring of $G$ and we can start the process over with Alice moving next. $\Box$\
Of course, for all $G$, $\chi_g(G) \leq \chi_g^\infty(G)$.
\[game-conj\]For every graph $G$, $\chi_g(G) < \chi_g^\infty(G)$.
One might suspect that $\chi^\infty(G) \leq \chi_g^\infty(G)$ for all $G$. However this is not always the case. From [@WFK] we know that $\chi^\infty(K_{1, 7}) = 4$, but below we show that $\chi_g^\infty(K_{1, 7}) > 4$. On the other hand, $\chi^\infty(P_3) = 4$ and $\chi_g^\infty(P_3) =3$.
Obviously $\chi^\infty(K_n) = \chi_g^\infty(K_n)=n+1$. Similarly, $\chi^\infty(K_n-e) = \chi_g^\infty(K_n-e)=n+1$.
We sometimes call the previous game the A-game, since Alice starts. We can also define the following variations on the A-game:\
$\bullet$ the B-game: same as the A-game except that Bob goes first.\
$\bullet$ the A’-game: the same as the A-game except that Alice goes first in each round (so Alice may have two consecutive turns in the case $n$ is odd).\
$\bullet$ the B’-game: same as the A’-game except that Bob goes first in each round.\
Note that $P_3$ is an example in which the A-game and B’-game differ, since $\chi_g^\infty(P_3)=3$, but four colors are needed if Bob goes first. To see the latter, let $P_3=uvw$ and suppose Alice can win with three colors. Bob colors $v$ red, Alice colors $u$ green, and Bob colors $w$ blue. Bob then attempts to re-color $v$ and but cannot properly color it with the available colors, resulting in a win for Alice.
In fact, $P_3$ is an example in which the A-game and B-game differ. Let $P_3=uvw$ and suppose Alice can win the B-game with three colors. Bob colors $v$ red, Alice colors $u$ green, and Bob colors $w$ blue. Alice must now color $w$ green (same as coloring $u$ blue) else she loses the game. Bob now colors $u$ blue, and Alice loses the game on her next turn.
However in general, we suspect there is little difference – perhaps one additional color in some cases – in the various games defined in this section. In the next section, we consider the A-game. In Section \[alt\] we consider variations on the game and in Section \[quest\], we propose two more.
Results
=======
\[thm1\] Let $G$ be a graph with maximum degree $\Delta(G)$. Then $\chi_g^\infty(G) \leq \Delta(G)+2$.
[*Proof:*]{} The standard proof technique showing that $\chi(G) \leq \Delta(G)+1$ can be applied to show that $\chi_g^\infty(G) \leq \Delta(G)+2$. $\Box$
\[path\] Let $P_n$ be a path with $n \geq 4$. Then $\chi_g^\infty(P_n) =4$.
[*Proof:*]{} That four colors suffice follows from Theorem \[thm1\]. To see that four colors are necessary, suppose to the contrary we can color $P_4$ with three colors; the argument is similar when $n > 4$ (and, in fact, easier in the odd cases). Let $P_4 = uvwx$. There are two cases depending on which vertex Alice colors first in round 1 (up to symmetry). If she colors $u$ with, say, color 1, then Bob colors $w$ with color 2, Alice colors $x$ with color 1 (or color 3, but color 1 is a better choice), and Bob colors $v$ with color 2. On the other hand, if Alice colors $v$ with color 1 first, then Bob colors $x$ with color 2, then Alice colors $u$ with color 3 (or 2, it doesn’t matter), and Bob color $w$ with color 3. In either case, there is a vertex with all three colors in its closed neighborhood. Let us suppose that vertex is $w$, Alice must then change the color of a neighbor of $w$. But then Bob changes the color of the other vertex in $w$’s neighborhood. This then will force Bob to win when $w$ is re-colored. $\Box$
Any cycle is an example with $\chi_g^\infty(G) = \Delta(G)+2$. One can verify that $\chi_g^\infty(P_n)=4$ when $n > 3$. For comparison sake, it is known that for every graph $G$, $\chi (G)\leq \chi _{g}(G)\leq \Delta (G)+1$, see [@faig]. We ask whether or not it is always true that for any cubic graph $G$, $\chi_g^\infty(G)=5$?
The graph $K_{1, n}$ is called a [*star*]{}. When $n > 1$, the unique vertex of degree greater than one is called the *center*. We note that $\chi^\infty(K_{1, n})=4$ when $n>2$ (see [@WFK]) and $\chi_g(K_{1,n})=2$ when $n \geq 1$ (see [@des]). The eternal game chromatic number of stars, however, is quite different, as we show next. Recall that above we showed that $\chi_g^\infty(K_{1, 2})=3$.
\[lb\] When $n$ is odd $\chi_g^\infty(K_{1, n}) \geq \lceil \frac{n}{2} \rceil +2$. When $n \geq 4$ is even $\chi_g^\infty(K_{1, n}) \geq \frac{n}{2} +3$.
[*Proof:*]{} We first explain the case when $n$ is even. Bob’s strategy in round 1 is to color at least $n/2$ of the leaves using distinct colors for each – or as many distinct colors as possible depending on the number of available colors (note that Alice may try to use one or more of these colors on other leaves). He then will force an additional color by choosing the center vertex on the first turn in round 2. It is easy to see that Bob will win the game unless at least $\frac{n}{2} +2$ colors are available. We can do one better than that by a more careful analysis which we now perform which will show that $\frac{n}{2} +3$ colors are needed. Suppose to the contrary that only $\frac{n}{2} +2$ colors are available.
There are two cases.
[**[Case 1.]{}**]{} Suppose during round 1, Alice does not color the center vertex. Then Bob and Alice use $\lceil \frac{n}{2} \rceil+ 1$ colors on the leaves, a different color on the center vertex, and then on Bob’s first move during round 2, he picks the center vertex and forces an additional color.\
[**[Case 2.]{}**]{} Suppose during round 1, Alice does color the center vertex (and we can assume without loss of generality that she does so on her first move). If Alice colors all leaves the same color, at the end of round 1, at most $\lceil \frac{n}{2} \rceil+ 1$ colors are used. Bob starts round 2 and plays a new color on the center vertex. He can then ensure that all $\lceil \frac{n}{2} \rceil+ 2$ are used on vertices by the end of round 2. In round 3, Alice cannot play the center vertex first, else an extra color is needed, so she plays a leaf, changing it from $c$ to $c'$. Bob then executes a “mirroring" strategy, changing a leaf with color $c'$ to $c$. At the end of the round, all $\lceil \frac{n}{2} \rceil+ 2$ are used on vertices. Bob then forces a new color on the first move of round 4.
Now suppose $n$ is odd and thus Alice will go first on each round. We are claiming in this case that $\chi_g^\infty(K_{1, n}) \geq \lceil \frac{n}{2} \rceil +2$. Suppose to the contrary that only $\lceil \frac{n}{2} \rceil+ 1$ colors are available.
Bob will again try to use as many different colors as possible on the leaves. There are two cases.
[**[Case 1.]{}**]{} Suppose Bob colors the leaves with $\frac{n}{2} $ distinct colors in round 1 (which occurs if Alice colors the central vertex in round 1). Then the total number of colors used in round 1 is $\frac{n}{2} +1$. If Alice colors the center vertex on the first move in round 2, then an additional color is needed and we are done. So suppose Alice colors a leaf on her first move in round 2. Whatever move she makes, Bob mirrors it on his next move (e.g., if she re-colors a vertex from $c$ to $c'$, Bob will re-color a vertex from $c'$ to $c$.). Eventually, Bob can re-color the center vertex on his last turn in round 2, forcing the use of an additional color.
[**[Case 2.]{}**]{} Suppose Bob colors the leaves with $\frac{n}{2} -1$ distinct colors in round 1 (which occurs if Alice does not color the central vertex in round 1 and she uses at least one of the same colors as Bob on one or more leaves). Then each of these colors Bob uses is distinct from the color Alice uses on the first leaf. Bob then uses color $\frac{n}{2} +1$ on the last move of round 1. The remainder proceeds as in Case 1. $\Box$
We next show the lower bound from the previous result is tight.
\[star-lower\] When $n$ is odd $\chi_g^\infty(K_{1, n}) \leq \lceil \frac{n}{2} \rceil +2$. When $n \geq 4$ is even $\chi_g^\infty(K_{1, n}) \leq \frac{n}{2} +3$.
[*Proof:*]{} We assume $n > 2$ as the result is easy to see when $n \leq 2$. Let $c(v)$ denote the color assigned to $v$ at any given time (initially null) and in each case we shall assume the number of colors specified in the statement of the theorem are available.
First suppose $n$ is odd, which means Alice goes first on each round. Suppose without loss of generality that the coloring of the graph done in round 1 uses $\lceil \frac{n}{2} \rceil+1$ colors, because Alice’s strategy is to color leaves with color 1 on each of her turns. Thus, $c(v) = 1$ for $\lceil \frac{n}{2} \rceil$ of the leaves. We may assume that Bob uses a distinct color other than 1 on each of his turns on each of the remaining vertices. Alice’s strategy in the next round is to change any vertex not colored 1 to 1, and then Bob will do one of two things on his first turn of round 2.
[**[Case 1)]{}**]{} If Bob decides to choose the center vertex, he must choose a $\lceil \frac{n}{2} \rceil+2^{nd}$ color. Then, Alice chooses another vertex $v$ with $c(v) \neq 1$ and re-colors it to 1, and Bob (in order to maximize the number of colors used) either (a) mirrors her actions by choosing a vertex $v$ with $c(v) = 1$ and changing it to the color (which is not equal to 1) that was the previous color on the vertex Alice chose or (b) he could also change it to the previous color of the center vertex. He continues to ensure that he does not use the same color twice during the round. When Alice runs out of vertices that are not colored 1, she chooses one of the remaining two vertices (both of color 1) to change to any of the colors Bob used on another leaf during round 2. On Bob’s final turn of the round, there are two colors of the $\lceil \frac{n}{2} \rceil + 2$ used thus far that have not yet been used during round 2. This is because Bob had one fewer turn on the leaves than Alice (so he could not counteract her actions each time), and there is already one more color in the set than necessary for the initial coloring. Thus, Bob picks one of the remaining colors, and the other is free for the same process to repeat in the following round without needing to force the use of any more colors. Therefore, $\lceil \frac{n}{2} \rceil + 2$ colors suffice.\
[**[Case 2)]{}**]{} If Bob selects a leaf to re-color, then in order to maximize the number of colors used on the leaves, he will use a mirroring strategy to counteract Alice’s turns (i.e, if Alice re-colors a vertex from $c$ to $c'$ , he will do the opposite). This can continue on the leaves until one remains of color 1 and it is Alice’s turn. She will pick a color which Bob used to re-color another leaf. Bob then chooses the center vertex and uses a $\lceil \frac{n}{2} \rceil+2^{nd}$ color. This leaves the initial color of the center vertex free for the same process to repeat on the next round. $\lceil \frac{n}{2} \rceil + 2$ colors suffice.\
Now suppose $n$ is even, which means Alice goes first on each odd-numbered round. Again, Alice’s general strategy is to color as many leaves as possible with the same color. Since she can color at least $\frac{n}{2}$ of them the same color, at most $\frac{n}{2} +1$ different colors are used on the leaves at the end of any given round, plus possibly an additional color for the center vertex. Since the center vertex needs to change colors in each round, we claim that $\frac{n}{2} +3$ colors suffice. To see this, note that at some point in a round in which Bob goes first, Bob can change the color of a leaf, thus (temporarily) there may be $\frac{n}{2} +2$ different colors on leaves. However, on Alice’s next move, she can choose a leaf to re-color that reduces the number of different colors on the leaves to $\frac{n}{2} +1$. $\Box$
It is easy to verify that $\chi_g^\infty(K_{2, 2})=4$.\
It is known that $\chi_g(K_{n, n})=3$ when $n$ and $m$ are both larger than 1, see [@des].
\[comp\] $\chi_g^\infty(K_{n, n}) \leq 5$ when $n \geq 5$.
[*Proof:*]{} Let the vertex parts of $K_{n, n}$ be $A=\{a_1, \ldots, a_n\}$ and $B=\{b_1, \ldots, b_n\}$. Alice’s strategy is to ensure that at the end of each round, there are at least two distinct colors used on $A$ and at least two distinct colors used on $B$. This then allows vertices in each part to switch back and forth between those two colors each time they are re-colored. This is easily seen to be possible when $n \geq 5$. We note that in total, five colors are needed, since Bob can force a third color onto either $A$ or $B$ whilst Alice is trying to ensure there are at least two colors on both $A$ and $B$. $\Box$
This demonstrates that $\chi_g^\infty$ does not have hereditary properties, since $K_{1, n}$ is an induced subgraph of $K_{n, n}$.
$\chi_g^\infty(K_{n, n}) \geq 4$ when $n \geq 3$.
[*Proof*]{}: Suppose to the contrary that three colors suffice. Let the vertex parts be $A=\{a_1, \ldots, a_n\}$ and $B=\{b_1, \ldots, b_n\}$. Observe that Bob can ensure that at the end of round 1, vertices in $A$ use two distinct colors – colors 1 and 2 – and each vertex in $B$ is color 3 (without loss of generality). On Alice’s first move in round 2, she cannot re-color any vertex in $B$, as this would require a fourth color. If she re-colors a vertex in $A$ so that there are still two distinct colors in $A$, Bob will be unable to move on his turn if he chooses a vertex in $B$. So suppose Alice re-colors, say, $a_1$ so that all the vertices in $A$ are the same color, say color 2. Bob now re-colors a vertex in $B$ with color 1, so that $B$ now contains vertices of two distinct colors. Alice now needs a fourth color if she chooses a vertex in $A$, so she chooses a vertex in $B$. Bob now chooses a vertex in $A$ and needs a fourth color, winning the game.
We note that if $n \geq 4$, Bob can ensure that at the end of round 1, vertices in $A$ use two distinct colors 1 and 2 and vertices in $B$ use two distinct colors. Therefore, Bob can win the game more quickly in round 2. We discuss this issue further in the last section of the paper. $\Box$
$\chi_g^\infty(K_{n, n}) \geq 5$ when $n \geq 5$.
[*Proof*]{}: Suppose to the contrary that four colors suffice. Let the vertex parts be $A=\{a_1, \ldots, a_n\}$ and $B=\{b_1, \ldots, b_n\}$. Let the color set be $1, 2, 3, 4$ and let $c(v)$ denote the color assigned to $v$ at any given time (initially null). First suppose that at the end of round 1, there is only one color used on $A$, say color 1. In this case, Bob can ensure that at least three colors are used on $B$. If Alice chooses a vertex in $A$ for her first move in round 2, a fifth color must be used. Hence she must choose a vertex in $B$. In other to avoid a fifth color being played on $A$ on Bob’s first move in round 2, Alice must change the color of a vertex $v \in B$ such that $v$ is the only vertex in $B$ with that color, say color 4, which she changes to 3. Note that Bob can have assured that there are at least two vertices in $B$ of color 2 and at least two vertices of color 3 at the end of round 1. Bob now changes a vertex in $A$ to color 4, and Alice must use a fifth color on her next turn.
We now claim that in fact Bob can force there to be only one color on $B$. Assume without loss of generality that Alice colors $a_1$ first with color 1. Then Bob chooses $a_2$ and colors it 2. If Alice chooses $b_1$ and colors it 3, and then Bob colors $a_3$ with color 4, then all vertices in $B$ will have to be colored with 3 in round 1. If, on the other hand, Alice choose $a_3$ and colors it 1 or 2 (note that if she colored it with color 3, then Bob would color $a_4$ with 4 and there would be no colors available for $B$), then Bob colors $a_4$ with 4, again forcing all of $B$ to be the same color. $\Box$
\[k44\] $\chi_g^\infty(K_{4, 4}) = 4$.
[*Proof*]{}: We show that $\chi_g^\infty(K_{4, 4}) \leq 4$. If Alice can force there to be at least two distinct colors used on $A$ and two distinct colors used on $B$ at the end of round 1, she can successfully proceed with 4 colors, as described above. Suppose this is not the case and that only 1 color, say color 1, is used on $A$ during round 1. In order for Bob to do this, Alice can ensure that only colors 2 and 3 are used on $B$ during round 1. On her first move in round 2, Alice re-colors a vertex in $A$ with color 4. This then forces the vertices in $B$ to swap between colors 2 and 4 and color 4 to be used on the remainder of $A$. The process can be repeated in subsequent rounds. $\Box$
$\chi_g^\infty(K_{3, 3}) = 4$.
[*Proof*]{}: Similar to Proposition \[k44\]. $\Box$
Let $G$ be a connected graph other than $K_1, K_2$, or $P_3$. Then $\chi_g^\infty(G) > 3$.
[*Proof:*]{} We can assume $G$ has at least four vertices, since $\chi_g^\infty(K_3) > 3$. We also assume that $\Delta(G) > 2$, else $G$ is a cycle and thus four colors are needed. Of course, $G$ may be a tree, but not necessarily so. Let $v$ be a vertex of degree at least three, with $x, y, z$ three of the neighbors of $v$. Suppose to the contrary that 3 colors suffice. Our general strategy is as follows. Assume without loss of generality that $c(v)=1$. Bob can force at least two distinct colors, other than color 1, be used on $\{x, y, z\}$ in round 1. If Bob moves first in round 2, he can force a fourth color by choosing $v$. Otherwise, Bob can still force that, at any time, it is either Alice’s turn and there are two distinct colors on $\{x, y, z\}$ or it is his turn and there are either (i) two distinct colors on $\{x, y, z\}$ (ii) there is only one distinct color on $\{x, y, z\}$ but at least one of these three vertices has yet to be re-colored. Hence a fourth color will be needed unless there is a vertex $w \neq v$ that is also adjacent to each of $x, y, z$ and Alice manages to color $w$ with color 2, whilst $c(v)=1$. This then forces $x, y, z$ to all have color 3. If Bob gets to color one of these five vertices first in round 2, obviously he forces a fourth color. So assume Alice colors one of these first. Then it must be that she re-colors $v$ with color 2 (or equivalently $w$ with color 1). But then Bob can re-color $w$ with color 1 (equivalently $w$ with color 2) and then a fourth color will be forced on one of $x, y, z$. $\Box$
\(a) $\chi_g^\infty(K_{2, n}) = 4$ if $n \in \{2, 3\}$.\
(b) $\chi_g^\infty(K_{2, n}) \geq n/2 + 3$ if $n > 3$ is even.\
(c) $\chi_g^\infty(K_{2, n}) \geq \lfloor \frac{n}{2} \rfloor + 3$ if $n > 3$ is odd.
[*Proof*]{}: Part (a) is not difficult to verify by hand. For parts (b) and (c), Let the vertex parts be $A=\{a_1, a_2\}$ and $B=\{b_1, \ldots, b_n\}$. Let us first suppose $n$ is even. Bob’s basic strategy in both (b) and (c) will be to make sure both vertices in $A$ have the same color and then use as many different colors on $B$ as possible (which will be $n/2 + 1$).
For part (b), observe that Bob can ensure both vertices in $A$ have the same color after round 1 (and, in fact, after all subsequent rounds). Therefore, Bob can ensure $n/2 + 2$ colors are used in round 1 in total ($n/2 + 1$ on $B$ and one on $A$). An additional color will be needed on $A$ in round 2, regardless of when a vertex in $A$ in chosen (since if Alice chooses to play a vertex $v \in B$ first in round 2, she must change its color to that of another vertex $u \in B$; then on Bob’s turn he can change $u$’s color to the original color of $v$).
For part (c), the argument is similar to (b), except that Bob cannot necessarily force both vertices in $A$ to be the same color after each round (otherwise, Bob can force $\lfloor \frac{n}{2} \rfloor + 2$ colors be used in round 1 and an additional color in round 2). So suppose the vertices in $A$ have two different colors at the end of some round. One can easily verify in this case that Bob can ensure that at least $\lfloor \frac{n}{2} \rfloor + 1$ colors are used on $B$. $\Box$
Alternate Games {#alt}
===============
An alternate version of game chromatic number called [*game chromatic number II*]{} was introduced in [@chen]. In this version, Bob can only use the colors that have been already used on the graph, unless he is forced to use a new color to guarantee that the graph is colored properly. The number of colors needed for $G$ in this game is denoted by $\chi_g^{*}(G)$. It was shown in [@chen] that $\chi_g^{*}(T) \leq 3$ for any tree $T$, as compared to the bound of 4 for $\chi_g(T)$, see [@faig].
We define the [*eternal vertex coloring game II*]{} in the obvious manner and use $\chi_g^{\infty*}(G)$ to denote the number of colors needed when this game is played eternally on $G$: that is, the game is played over a series of rounds and in each round Bob can only use colors that have already been introduced unless he is forced to use a new color. Of course, $\chi_g^{\infty*}(G) \leq \chi_g^{\infty}(G)$. $K_3$ is an example where $\chi_g^{\infty*}(G) < 2\chi_g^*(G)$ and $P_4$ is an example where $\chi_g^{\infty*}(P_4) = 4 = 2\chi_g^*(P_4)$. We shall consider stars again and begin by noting that $\chi_g^{\infty*}(K_{1, 3})=3$ and $\chi_g^{\infty*}(K_{1, 4})=4$. Interestingly, we shall see in next result that it may take Bob several rounds to force the number of colors needed. The next result is also a good example of the power Bob gets when the number of vertices is odd.
Then (a) if $n$ is odd then $\chi_g^{\infty*}(K_{1, n})=3$ and (b) if $n \geq 4$ is even then $\chi_g^{\infty*}(K_{1, n}) = \frac{n}{2}+2$.
\[Note: does this proof need work?\]
[*Proof:*]{} Part (a) is easy to see, noting that Alice can choose the center vertex of the star on the first turn in each round, coloring it with the smallest color possible. For part(b), note that two colors are used in round 1. Bob can then force colors 3 and 4 to be used during round 2: he does so by choosing a leaf on his first turn and the center vertex on his second turn. Subsequent to that, for the next several rounds, Bob can force an additional color to be used on either each round or every other round by coloring the leaves with as many different colors as possible during each round, eventually forcing the center vertex to use a new color – it may need to wait until a round in which Bob goes first for each new color to be introduced (as in round 2). Bob can eventually force the use of $\frac{n}{2}$ different colors on the leaves, once that many colors have brought into play. At which point the game is the same as the A-game and thus the result follows as in Theorem \[lb\]. $\Box$
One could also consider a more restrictive version of this game in which Bob must color whatever vertex he chooses with the smallest color possible (as opposed to being able to use any color, once a color becomes allowable). We call this the [*Greedy Coloring Game*]{}. Denote the number of colors needed for this game as $\chi^2_g(G) $ when only one round is played and $\chi_g^{\infty2}(G)$ when the game is played eternally.
It is then natural to ask if there exist any graphs where this restriction changes the number of colors needed versus $\chi_g^{\infty*}(G)$. The answer is “yes", as we show next.
$\chi_g^{\infty2}(K_{1, n})=3$ when $n$ is odd and $\chi_g^{\infty2}(K_{1, n})=4$ when $n \geq 4$ is even.
[*Proof:*]{} First consider $K_{1, n}$ when $n > 3$ is odd and thus Alice goes first in each round. In this case, only 3 colors are needed. Alice chooses the center vertex of the star first in each round, giving it color 1 in odd numbered rounds and all other vertices getting color 2) and color 3 in even numbered rounds (and all other vertices getting color 1).
When $n \geq 4$ is even, we show $K_{1, n}=4$. That fours colors are necessary is easy to see, so we show that four colors suffice. On round 1, Alice plays color 1 on the center and then color 2 gets played on all the leaves. In round 2, Bob goes first. If he plays the center, he will use color 3 and then color 1 gets played on all the leaves (which is no advantage to Bob). So assume Bob plays a 3 on a leaf. Then Alice plays 1 on a leaf, Bob plays 4 on the center, and 1’s gets played on the remaining leaves. Alice, starting the next round, re-colors the lead that is color 3 with color 2. Then either remaining leaves get color 2 and the center gets color 1 (which puts us back in a previous configuration), or Bob plays 3 on the center on some turn in this round and the remainder of the leaves get color 1. However, this coloring completes the round with only two different colors, 1 and 3, on the vertices, which is essentially the same at this point as the configuration in which only 1 and 2 are used. $\Box$
For every graph $G$, $\chi^2_g(G) < \chi_g^{\infty2}(G)$.
One could further restrict the rules so as to force Alice to also choose smallest color for each vertex she chooses. We call this the [*Very Greedy Coloring Game*]{}. Denote the number of colors needed for this game as $\chi^3_g(G)$ when only one round is played and $\chi_g^{\infty3 }(G)$ when the game is played eternally. Recall that the [*coloring number*]{} of $G$, denoted $col(G)$, is the smallest integer $k$ such that every subgraph of $G$ has a vertex of degree less than $k$. Though intuitively, there seems to be some relationship between $col(G)$ and $\chi^3_g(G)$, in fact they are not the same: $col(K_{n, n})=n+1$ and $\chi^3_g(K_{n, n})=2$; whereas $col(P_4)=2$ and $\chi^3_g(P_4)=3$.
It is clear that $\chi_g^{\infty2}(G) \leq \chi_g^{\infty3}(G)$ and $\chi_g^{\infty2}(G) \leq \chi_g^{\infty*}(G) \leq \chi_g^{\infty}(G)$ for all $G$.
Is it true that $\chi_g^{\infty3}(G) \leq \chi_g^{\infty*}(G)$ for all graphs $G$?
When $n$ is odd, $\chi_g^{\infty3 }(K_{1, n})=3$, when $n \geq 4$ is even, $\chi_g^{\infty3 }(K_{1, n})=4$.
[*Proof:*]{} The case when $n$ is odd is trivial. So suppose $n \geq 4$ is even. It is easy to see that $\chi_g^{\infty3 }(K_{1, n}) \geq 4$, as Bob can force color 4 to be used during round 2. In order to see that four colors suffice, the key observation is that Alice can maintain the invariant that, at the end of each round and prior to the re-coloring of the center vertex during each round, the leaves are colored with at most two distinct colors. We strengthen this invariant as follows: (a) no leaf is ever color 4 and (b) if the center is color 1 after a round and the leaves have two distinct colors, then the color that appears on fewer leaves appears at most twice.
Note that in order for Bob to force a fifth color, it would have to be the case that there are three distinct colors on the leaves. Of course, after the center vertex is re-colored during a round, it may be possible that three distinct colors are used on the leaves for a short time, until the end of the round at which point we claim that our invariant will be true. We now prove that the invariant can be maintained, from which the theorem follows. It is trivially true during and after round 1: Alice ensures this by coloring the center first and then all the leaves must get color 2. Now let us move past round 1. If all the leaves are the same color after some round, then they all get changed to the same color during the next round until the center vertex is re-colored, at which point the remaining leaves may get changed to a second color – however, by Alice choosing the center vertex as soon as possible, our invariant is assured. We note that if there are two distinct colors on the leaves at the end of the round in this case, one of these colors on the leaves must be color 1.
Now suppose the leaves are colored with two colors after some round. It is easy to see that we never use color 4 on a leaf: since when assigning the color to a leaf, one only needs to consider its current color and the color of the center; hence one of colors 1, 2, 3, will be available to assign to each leaf.
First suppose the center vertex is some color $c > 1$ and some leaf is color 1. If the center is re-colored first (which is Alice’s preference if she goes first), it cannot get color 1 (since some of the leaves have color 1), which means that each leaf will be re-colored color 1. If the center vertex is not re-colored first (meaning Bob goes first), then the leaves that are re-colored prior to the center getting re-colored get color 1, the center is re-colored some color other than 1, and the remaining leaves get color 1. Thus the invariant is maintained.
Now suppose the center vertex is some color $c > 1$ and no leaf is color 1. Then it must be the case that either all the leaves have the same color, which we addressed earlier, or else some leaf is color 4, which we know cannot happen.
Next suppose the center vertex is color 1. If the center is re-colored first (which is Alice’s preference if she goes first), it gets some color which is either 2, 3, 4 (since the leaves use at most two different colors). Therefore the leaves all get color 1 during this round. If the center is not re-colored first (meaning Bob goes first), there are two cases.\
[**[Case 1.]{}**]{} Suppose Bob first chooses a color that appears on at most two leaves. Then Alice simply “mirrors” Bob’s moves during the round, choosing another leaf of the same color Bob just chose. This guarantees the invariant is maintained.\
[**[Case 2.]{}**]{} Suppose Bob first chooses a color that appears on more than two leaves. Note that this may create a situation where there are three distinct colors on the leaves – otherwise Bob has changed the color of a leaf to the color that exists on another leaf and Alice can simply chooses the center vertex on her next move and we will be guaranteed the invariant is maintained. (Or alternatively, Alice can essentially duplicate what Bob just did, choosing a leaf of the same color Bob just chose and this will also allow the invariant to be preserved). So suppose we now have three colors on the leaves – the only way this occurs is if the leaves were colored with colors 2 and 4 before the round started. Since no leaves are color, 4, we are done. $\Box$
Can we differentiate between $\chi_g^{\infty2}(G)$ and $\chi_g^{\infty3 }(G)$? That is, does there exist a graph $G$ such that $\chi_g^{\infty2}(G) \neq \chi_g^{\infty3}(G)$?
We observe that $\chi^3_g(T) \leq 3$ for any tree $T$, as the proof that $\chi_g^{*}(T) \leq 3$ applies to $\chi^3_g(T)$ (and thus also for $\chi^2_g(T)$).
Is there an integer $c$ such that for all trees $T$ with $\chi_g^{\infty3}(T) \leq c$? Likewise $\chi_g^{\infty2}(T)$.
Caterpillars are one class of trees that are easy to analyze, as it is not hard to show that $\chi_g^{\infty3}(T) \leq 6$ for any caterpillar $T$.
\(a) For every graph $G$, $\chi^3_g(G) < \chi_g^{\infty3}(G)$. (b) For every graph $G$, $\chi^2_g(G) < \chi_g^{\infty2}(G)$. (c) For every graph $G$, $\chi^*_g(G) < \chi_g^{\infty*}(G)$.
Characterize for each of these models discussed in this section the graphs needing three or four colors.
Let $G$ be a graph with subgraph, or induced subgraph, $H$. Is it necessarily true that $\chi_g^{\infty2}(H) \leq \chi_g^{\infty2}(G)$? Is it necessarily true that $\chi_g^{\infty3}(H) \leq \chi_g^{\infty3}(G)$ ?
Further Questions {#quest}
=================
What is the computational complexity of each of the eternal coloring games?
Characterize the connected graphs (or the trees) with $\chi_g^\infty(G) = 4$.
In seems an interesting future direction to consider $\chi_g^{\infty2}$, $\chi_g^{\infty3}$, and $\chi_g^{\infty}$ as well as $\chi_g^{2}$, $\chi_g^{3}$, and $\chi_g^{*}$ for various classes of graphs. For example, it is easy to show that for a grid graph $G$ with a sufficiently large number of rows and columns, $5 \leq \chi_g^\infty(G) \leq 6$.
Determine a tight bound on $\chi_g^{\infty2}$, $\chi_g^{\infty3}$, and $\chi_g^{\infty}$ for large grid graphs. We conjecture at most five colors suffice for the greedy game and probably also for the very greedy game.
Is it true that if $\chi_g^\infty(G)=k$ then Alice can win the A-game on $G$ with a color set of $k+1$ colors?
In the following question, we note the proof of Theorem \[lb\], in which it appears to take Bob four rounds to win on a star.
Suppose the A-game is played on some graph $G$ with $k < \chi_g^\infty(G)$ colors and Bob wins the game. Is it necessarily the case that Bob can win the game prior to the beginning of round 3? What is the maximum number of rounds it takes Bob to win to any graph?
Are there any graphs $G$ with $\chi^\infty(G) = \chi_g^\infty(G)$ and $\chi^\infty(G) < \Delta(G)+2$?
Can we characterize the graphs with $\chi(G) + 1 = \chi_g^\infty(G)$? Likewise for the other graph coloring games introduced in this paper.
We raise an issue regarding the definition of the eternal vertex coloring game (and some of its variants). Suppose Bob chooses vertex $v$ to re-color (in round 2 or later) and Bob has no legal move on this vertex, however Bob does have a legal move on vertex $u \neq v$. As we have defined the game now, Bob wins. But should we force Bob to choose some other vertex, such as $u$, where he has a legal move? It may be worth exploring this version of the game. One way to do this is to consider the alternate game discussed in Section \[alt\]. Two obvious other variations come to mind:
$\bullet$ (Strong Eternal Game Coloring) We require that Bob must choose a vertex on his turn that can be re-colored properly, if one exists (as opposed to being able to choose any vertex); or
$\bullet$ (Ordered Eternal Game Coloring) The vertices must be chosen in the same order (pre-determined or fixed after round 1) each round.
We know that $\chi^\infty(C_5)=\chi_g^\infty(C_5)=4$. However, if one follows the Strong Eternal Game Coloring rules, three colors suffice. To see this, a 3-coloring results from round 1. On the first move in round 2, Bob must choose a vertex that can be re-colored (a vertex adjacent to two vertices of the same color), as opposed to a vertex adjacent to two different colors (which would have necessitated the use of a fourth color). It is not hard to see that round 2 can be successfully completed with three colors and the subsequent rounds can continue in a similar manner.
[99]{} H. Bodlaender, On the complexity of some coloring games. [*Lecture Notes in Computer Science*]{} **484** (1991) 30–40.
G. Chen, R. Schelp, and W. Shreve, A new game chromatic number, [*Europ. J. Combinatorics*]{} **18** (1997), 1–9.
C. Destacamento, A. Rodriguez, and L. Aquino-Ruivivar, The game chromatic number of some classes of graphs, De La Salle University, March 2014.
U. Faigle, W. Kern, H. Kierstead, W. Trotter On the game chromatic number of some classes of graphs. [*Ars Combinatoria*]{} **35** (1993), 143–150.
M. Gardner, Mathematical Games, [*Scientific American*]{} **23** (1981).
W. Klostermeyer, Eternal Graph Coloring. [*Bulletin of the Inst. for Combinatorics and its Applications*]{} **70** (2014), 69-76.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "ArXiv"
}
|
In different parts of India, the currency is known as the rupee, roopayi, rupaye, rubai or one of the other terms derived from the Sanskrit rupyakam. The most commonly used symbols for the rupee are ₹, Rs and Rp.
The U.S. dollar is the currency most used in international transactions. Several countries use the U.S. dollar as their official currency, and many others allow it to be used in a de facto capacity. It's known locally as a buck or greenback.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
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Effect of ethnicity and age or menopause on the structure and geometry of iliac bone.
We measured indices of bone volume (cancellous, cortical) and bone surface (cancellous, endocortical, and intracortical) in intact full-thickness transiliac bone biopsies obtained from 144 healthy women aged 20-74 (35 black and 109 white, 62 premenopausal and 82 postmenopausal). The data were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance of the four groups defined by age/menopause and ethnicity and by linear regression of major variables on age. None of the interaction terms was significant, and none of the regression slopes on age differed between blacks and whites, indicating that the effects of ethnicity and of age/menopause were independent. Accordingly, the data were also analyzed separately for the effects of ethnicity (pre- and postmenopausal combined) and age/menopause (blacks and whites combined). The analyses led to the following conclusions. (1) Blacks have more cancellous and cortical bone than whites in the ilium; the difference was due to thicker trabeculae and thicker cortices with no difference in trabecular number or cortical porosity. (2) The magnitude of the black/white differences was the same throughout the age range covered by the study, indicating differences in peak adult values, not in rates of loss with age. (3) As the result of age/menopause, there were significant reductions in all indices of the amount and structure of bone except for trabecular thickness; the magnitude of the reductions was the same in blacks and whites. (4) Cancellous bone loss was mainly the result of the complete removal of some trabecular elements with increased separation between remaining elements. Cortical bone loss was due to thinning from the endocortical surface with a small but significant contribution from increased cortical porosity, due to an increased number of intracortical canals. These patterns of bone loss were the same in blacks and whites. (5) Although the percentage losses of bone with age/menopause were higher for cancellous than for cortical bone, the absolute amounts of bone lost were about the same for cortical as for cancellous bone. (6) The ratio of surface to tissue volume decreased with age/menopause in cancellous bone but increased in cortical bone; rates of bone loss would change in the same manner if the loss per unit of surface remained constant. (7) The total extent of bone surface in the ilium did not change with age/menopause, so that the surface/volume ratio for the entire bone increased; volumetric bone turnover would increase and bone age decrease if remodeling activity per unit of surface remained constant.
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{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
}
|
by YMCA » Wed Feb 09, 2011 6:36 pm
His Kimbo was mean...spot on and made him look like a gorilla.
Liddell was not too bad, but Royce was beautifully done.
Same with Wanderlei...crouch, style of punching.
No wonder he wears shades to the PC, he thinks he IS a movie star given his skill at imitating people.
Black Zeus wrote:
^^he has a long history of crying if things don't go his way. Doubt he can learn to keep his emotions in check at such a late age. What is he 37?
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{
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
}
|
#!/usr/bin/perl
# Copyright (C) Intel, Inc.
# (C) Sergey Kandaurov
# (C) Nginx, Inc.
# Tests for HTTP/2 protocol with ssl.
###############################################################################
use warnings;
use strict;
use Test::More;
BEGIN { use FindBin; chdir($FindBin::Bin); }
use lib 'lib';
use Test::Nginx;
use Test::Nginx::HTTP2;
###############################################################################
select STDERR; $| = 1;
select STDOUT; $| = 1;
eval { require IO::Socket::SSL; };
plan(skip_all => 'IO::Socket::SSL not installed') if $@;
eval { IO::Socket::SSL::SSL_VERIFY_NONE(); };
plan(skip_all => 'IO::Socket::SSL too old') if $@;
my $t = Test::Nginx->new()->has(qw/http http_ssl http_v2 rewrite/)
->has_daemon('openssl')->plan(8);
$t->write_file_expand('nginx.conf', <<'EOF');
%%TEST_GLOBALS%%
daemon off;
events {
}
http {
%%TEST_GLOBALS_HTTP%%
server {
listen 127.0.0.1:8080 http2 ssl %%SSL_ASYNCH%%;
server_name localhost;
ssl_certificate_key localhost.key;
ssl_certificate localhost.crt;
location /h2 {
return 200 $http2;
}
location /sp {
return 200 $server_protocol;
}
location /scheme {
return 200 $scheme;
}
location /https {
return 200 $https;
}
}
}
EOF
$t->write_file('openssl.conf', <<EOF);
[ req ]
default_bits = 2048
encrypt_key = no
distinguished_name = req_distinguished_name
[ req_distinguished_name ]
EOF
my $d = $t->testdir();
foreach my $name ('localhost') {
system('openssl req -x509 -new '
. "-config $d/openssl.conf -subj /CN=$name/ "
. "-out $d/$name.crt -keyout $d/$name.key "
. ">>$d/openssl.out 2>&1") == 0
or die "Can't create certificate for $name: $!\n";
}
open OLDERR, ">&", \*STDERR; close STDERR;
$t->run();
open STDERR, ">&", \*OLDERR;
###############################################################################
my ($s, $sid, $frames, $frame);
my $has_npn = eval { Test::Nginx::HTTP2::new_socket(port(8080), SSL => 1,
npn => 'h2')->next_proto_negotiated() };
my $has_alpn = eval { Test::Nginx::HTTP2::new_socket(port(8080), SSL => 1,
alpn => 'h2')->alpn_selected() };
# SSL/TLS connection, NPN
SKIP: {
skip 'OpenSSL NPN support required', 1 unless $has_npn;
$s = Test::Nginx::HTTP2->new(port(8080), SSL => 1, npn => 'h2');
$sid = $s->new_stream({ path => '/h2' });
$frames = $s->read(all => [{ sid => $sid, fin => 1 }]);
($frame) = grep { $_->{type} eq "DATA" } @$frames;
is($frame->{data}, 'h2', 'http variable - npn');
}
# SSL/TLS connection, ALPN
SKIP: {
skip 'OpenSSL ALPN support required', 1 unless $has_alpn;
$s = Test::Nginx::HTTP2->new(port(8080), SSL => 1, alpn => 'h2');
$sid = $s->new_stream({ path => '/h2' });
$frames = $s->read(all => [{ sid => $sid, fin => 1 }]);
($frame) = grep { $_->{type} eq "DATA" } @$frames;
is($frame->{data}, 'h2', 'http variable - alpn');
}
# $server_protocol - SSL/TLS connection, NPN
SKIP: {
skip 'OpenSSL NPN support required', 1 unless $has_npn;
$s = Test::Nginx::HTTP2->new(port(8080), SSL => 1, npn => 'h2');
$sid = $s->new_stream({ path => '/sp' });
$frames = $s->read(all => [{ sid => $sid, fin => 1 }]);
($frame) = grep { $_->{type} eq "DATA" } @$frames;
is($frame->{data}, 'HTTP/2.0', 'server_protocol variable - npn');
}
# $server_protocol - SSL/TLS connection, ALPN
SKIP: {
skip 'OpenSSL ALPN support required', 1 unless $has_alpn;
$s = Test::Nginx::HTTP2->new(port(8080), SSL => 1, alpn => 'h2');
$sid = $s->new_stream({ path => '/sp' });
$frames = $s->read(all => [{ sid => $sid, fin => 1 }]);
($frame) = grep { $_->{type} eq "DATA" } @$frames;
is($frame->{data}, 'HTTP/2.0', 'server_protocol variable - alpn');
}
# $scheme - SSL/TLS connection, NPN
SKIP: {
skip 'OpenSSL NPN support required', 1 unless $has_npn;
$s = Test::Nginx::HTTP2->new(port(8080), SSL => 1, npn => 'h2');
$sid = $s->new_stream({ path => '/scheme' });
$frames = $s->read(all => [{ sid => $sid, fin => 1 }]);
($frame) = grep { $_->{type} eq "DATA" } @$frames;
is($frame->{data}, 'https', 'scheme variable - npn');
}
# $scheme - SSL/TLS connection, ALPN
SKIP: {
skip 'OpenSSL ALPN support required', 1 unless $has_alpn;
$s = Test::Nginx::HTTP2->new(port(8080), SSL => 1, alpn => 'h2');
$sid = $s->new_stream({ path => '/scheme' });
$frames = $s->read(all => [{ sid => $sid, fin => 1 }]);
($frame) = grep { $_->{type} eq "DATA" } @$frames;
is($frame->{data}, 'https', 'scheme variable - alpn');
}
# $https - SSL/TLS connection, NPN
SKIP: {
skip 'OpenSSL NPN support required', 1 unless $has_npn;
$s = Test::Nginx::HTTP2->new(port(8080), SSL => 1, npn => 'h2');
$sid = $s->new_stream({ path => '/https' });
$frames = $s->read(all => [{ sid => $sid, fin => 1 }]);
($frame) = grep { $_->{type} eq "DATA" } @$frames;
is($frame->{data}, 'on', 'https variable - npn');
}
# $https - SSL/TLS connection, ALPN
SKIP: {
skip 'OpenSSL ALPN support required', 1 unless $has_alpn;
$s = Test::Nginx::HTTP2->new(port(8080), SSL => 1, alpn => 'h2');
$sid = $s->new_stream({ path => '/https' });
$frames = $s->read(all => [{ sid => $sid, fin => 1 }]);
($frame) = grep { $_->{type} eq "DATA" } @$frames;
is($frame->{data}, 'on', 'https variable - alpn');
}
###############################################################################
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Github"
}
|
Dear Economist.com Reader,
The world is moving faster and so are we.
Economist.com is delighted to introduce a major new feature --
Global Agenda. For the first time in its 157-year history, The
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Global Agenda provides rolling coverage and analysis on six to
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|
{
"pile_set_name": "Enron Emails"
}
|
Q:
SSIS and JSON Flat Files
Whats the best way to get JSON flat files into SQL Server using SSIS?
Currently I've tried parsing the data in a script component, but with amount of JSON files I'm parsing (around 120 at a time) it takes upward of 15 minutes to get the data in. I also don't consider this very practical.
Is there a way to combine the powers of SSIS and the OPENJSON command in SQL server? I'm running SQL server 2016 so I'm trying to leverage that command in the hopes that it works faster.
Also, I have no problem getting the JSON data in without losing format.
Looks like this:
Is there a way for me to leverage that and get JSON format into a more Normalized format.
A:
Actually figured this out.
I bring the files in one at a time, with all the JSON text in a single row.
From there I can use the OPENJSON command in SQL Server 2016.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
}
|
Earlier this year, James Blake announced a tour behind his new album The Colour in Anything. Today, he’s revealed that Vince Staples and Moses Sumney will join him for select dates on the U.S. leg of the tour. Check out the upcoming dates below.
Staples released his new EP Prima Donna earlier this month. James Blake produced two songs on the record. Sumney recently announced a new self-released EP of his own. It’s called Lamentations, and it is out September 30. Check out the tracklist, cover art, and music video for lead single “Worth It” below.
Read our feature, “James Blake and the Pursuit of Happiness” and our Rising interview, “Moses Sumney: Lost and Found in L.A.” Check out “Vince Staples and the Accessibility of Black Experience” on the Pitch.
James Blake:
9-23 Dallas, TX - House of Blues *
9-24 Houston, TX - House of Blues *
9-25 Austin, TX - ACL Live at the Moody Theater *
9-27 New Orleans, LA - Orpheum Theatre *
9-28 Atlanta, GA - Tabernacle *
9-30 Philadelphia, PA - Electric Factory *
10-01 Washington, DC - Lincoln Theatre *
10-03 New York, NY - Radio City Music Hall *$
10-04 Boston, MA - House of Blues *
10-05 Montreal, Quebec - Metropolis *
10-07 Toronto, ON - Massey Hall *
10-08 Royal Oak, MI - Royal Oak Music Theatre *
10-09 Chicago, IL - Cadillac Palace Theater *
10-12 Seattle, WA - Moore Theatre *
10-13 Vancouver, British Columbia - Orpheum Theatre *
10-14 Portland, OR - Roseland Theater *
10-18 Santa Barbara, CA - Arlington Theatre !
10-20-21 Los Angeles, CA - Hollywood $
10-27 Dublin, Ireland - Olympia theatre
10-28 Belfast, Northern Ireland - Limelight 1
10-30 Bristol, England - O2 Academy Bristol
11-01 London, England - Eventim Apollo
11-02 Leeds, England - O2 Academy Leeds
11-03 Manchester, England - Manchester Academy
11-05 London, United Kingdom - O2 Academy Brixton
with Moses Sumney
$ with Vince Staples
! with Airhead
Correction: An earlier version of this story indicated that Sumney was opening the Santa Barbara show. It is actually Airhead.
Lamentations EP:
01 Ascension
02 Lonely World
03 Exit Bag
04 Worth It
05 Probably
06 Two Chants
Watch Vince Staples’ “Over/Under” on Pitchfork.tv:
Watch Moses Sumney perform “Plastic” at Pitchfork Music Festival 2016:
|
{
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
}
|
Three authors from Newcastle, Australia, namely James Juniper, Timothy Sharpe and Martin Watts, have just published a paper asking why Post-Keynesians (PKs) do not integrate Modern Monetary Theory (MMT) into their school. They write:
In this paper we argue that the incorporation of MMT principles enhances the post-Keynesian framework, principally with respect to understanding the distinction between sovereign and non-sovereign economies and the role of the payments system. These have major consequences for the conduct of macroeconomic policy which has assumed increased importance since the advent of the crisis.
Having just taught a course using balance sheets to explain money and credit, I tend to agree with that statement. The methodological framework of MMT – discussing balance sheet (mechanics) – is sound and not trivial. It helps to provide the ‘microeconomic foundations’ to any macroeconomic approach.
A nice framework to write a textbook on international economics would be the following methodological structure:
discuss balance sheets of entities like central bank, banks, government, private sector (MMT) discuss national income and product accounts, flow of funds and balance of payments (identities) discuss macroeconomic models based on the sectoral – private, public and external sector – approach (PK/SFC)
I personally think that there should not be a dividing line between MMT and PK. They do not disagree over the major issues when it comes to the description of the economic system. Differing policy recommendations are not a reason for a split between the two. In a world with uncertainty, policy prescriptions will never coincide. The discussions between MMT and PK are fruitful, and I have learned a lot from both sides. So much so that I would find it incredibly hard to align myself to either camp. I like the balance sheet approach of MMT, SFC models and Minsky’s discussion of debt, but also the circuitist approach, the PK work on inequality and financialization and the compensation thesis.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
}
|
Switzerland national under-20 football team
The Swiss national under-20 football team is the national under-20 football team of Switzerland controlled by Swiss Football Association.
Recent results
Swiss national teams
Switzerland national football team
Switzerland national under-23 football team (also known as Swiss Olympic)
Switzerland national under-21 football team
Switzerland national under-19 football team
Switzerland national under-18 football team
Switzerland national under-17 football team
Switzerland national under-16 football team
External links
SFV U-20 National Team
Category:European national under-20 association football teams
Under-20
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
}
|
Intracellular barriers to non-viral gene transfer.
Non-viral vector mediated gene transfer, compared to viral vector mediated one, is a promising tool for the safe delivery of therapeutic DNA in genetic and acquired human diseases. Although the lack of specific immune response favor the clinical application of non-viral vectors, comprising of an expression cassette complexed to cationic liposome or cationic polymer, the limited efficacy and short duration of transgene expression impose major hurdles in the widespread application of non-viral gene therapy. The trafficking of transgene, complexed with chemical vectors, has been the subject of intensive investigations to improve our understanding of cellular and extracellular barriers impeding gene delivery. Here, we review those physical and metabolic impediments that account, at least in part, for the inefficient translocation of transgene into the nucleus of target cells. Following the internalization of the DNA-polycation complex by endocytosis, a large fraction is targeted to the lysosomal compartment by default. Since the cytosolic release of heterelogous DNA is a prerequisite for nuclear translocation, entrapment and degradation of plasmid DNA in endo-lysosomes constitute a major impediment to efficient gene transfer. Only a small fraction of internalized plasmid DNA penetrates the cytoplasm. Plasmid DNA encounters the diffusional and metabolic barriers of the cytoplasm, further decreasing the number of intact plasmid molecules reaching the nuclear pore complex (NPC), the gateway of nucleosol. Nuclear translocation of DNA requires either the disassembly of the nuclear envelope or active nuclear transport via the NPC. Comparison of viral and plasmid DNA cellular trafficking should reveal strategies that viruses have developed to overcome those cellular barriers that impede non-viral DNA delivery in gene therapy attempts.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
}
|
Reagan,
Just wanted to give you an update. I have changed the unit mix to include some 1 bedrooms and reduced the number of buildings to 12. Kipp Flores is working on the construction drawings. At the same time I am pursuing FHA financing. Once the construction drawings are complete I will send them to you for a revised bid. Your original bid was competitive and I am still attracted to your firm because of your strong local presence and contacts.
Phillip
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Enron Emails"
}
|
/*
// <copyright>
// dotNetRDF is free and open source software licensed under the MIT License
// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
//
// Copyright (c) 2009-2020 dotNetRDF Project (http://dotnetrdf.org/)
//
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished
// to do so, subject to the following conditions:
//
// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
// copies or substantial portions of the Software.
//
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,
// WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
// CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
// </copyright>
*/
namespace VDS.RDF.Shacl
{
using System;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Linq;
using VDS.RDF.Nodes;
internal class PrefixDeclaration : WrapperNode
{
[DebuggerStepThrough]
internal PrefixDeclaration(INode node)
: base(node)
{
}
internal string Prefix
{
get
{
return Vocabulary.Prefix.ObjectsOf(this).Single().AsValuedNode().AsString();
}
}
internal Uri Namespace
{
get
{
return UriFactory.Create(((ILiteralNode)Vocabulary.Namespace.ObjectsOf(this).Single()).Value);
}
}
}
}
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Github"
}
|
P.s., thanks for the offer on the duck lease--I may want to join you
sometime! DF
Kevin Hyatt
09/08/2000 12:32 PM
To: John Dushinske/ET&S/Enron@ENRON
cc: Drew Fossum/ET&S/Enron@ENRON
Subject: Re: Customer Outings
Tell you what, just to make sure I can tell the difference between the lab
and the Hen, I'll bring my own Lab! Besides, when I hunted there last, we
couldn't shoot hens.
PS-- I have my personal duck lease down here that we can also make
available. There are overnight quarters if we need them. (Last year we took
over 600 ducks off the properties).
KH
John Dushinske
09/07/2000 03:03 PM
To: Drew Fossum/ET&S/Enron@ENRON, Kevin Hyatt/ET&S/Enron@Enron
cc: Rosemary Gracey/ET&S/Enron@ENRON
Subject: Re: Customer Outings
Drew - Depends if they can recognize the difference between a Lab and a Hun.
We just received the renewal notice for 2000/01. I recommended to Dave N.
that we renew the membership.
I will ask Rosemary to give both of you notice when she gets the approval
from Dave.
Once approved we would be happy to help set up outings.
Thanks. John
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Enron Emails"
}
|
Institute of Science and Information Technology
Institute of Science & Information Technology (ISIT) is a government-certified polytechnic in the Kawran Bazar neighborhood of Dhaka, Bangladesh. It was established in 2000.
References
Category:Polytechnic institutes in Bangladesh
Category:2000 establishments in Bangladesh
Category:Educational institutions established in 2000
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
}
|
Is there a historical episode less understood by the general public and more urgently in need of clarification than the Crusades? To some on the right, the Crusades prefigured the modern wars that have been cast as “civilizational” clashes, such as the so-called war on terrorism. That stereotype relies upon a yet broader myth, an idea of the Crusades as religious wars waged by Europeans upon Muslims who had robbed the Holy Land, pitting white warriors against brown—then as now. The Crusades myth always contained a noxious seed—inspiration for white nationalism—that has flourished in recent years. The far right is in love with the Knights Templar (a military order of knights who protected pilgrims) and other Crusaders. The chivalric paraphernalia of the Crusades has been repurposed by Trump-supporting hate groups, while rightwing terrorists, from Anders Behring Breivik to the Christchurch shooter, have used their manifestos to bemoan Muslim “invasions” of white culture. The KKK’s newsletter is called The Crusader.
As the Oxford professor Christopher Tyerman observes in his new tome, The World of the Crusades, the idea that the Crusades were a battleground between distinct racial forces is a fantasy dreamed up by modern geopolitical interests. When President Trump, for example, visited Jerusalem in 2017 to recognize it as Israel’s capital, he fulfilled a key campaign promise made to his often fanatical-religious fan base, who saw the move as both scripturally and historically significant. There’s an influential (though delusional) cohort of evangelical Christians who believe that the rebuilding of the Third Temple is a sign of the oncoming apocalypse—an inherently anti-Semitic brand of conspiracy-theory eschatology that nevertheless behooves the interests of Israeli right-wingers and American neoconservatives alike.
Tyerman is far from the first to note these connections: Medieval history has officially become a newsworthy topic in the media, and various medieval specialists have been tapped to correct the historical record, for the record, in the prestige press. But many of them, Tyerman included, miss the internet’s role in this radicalization of history—including its undermining of the Western academy.
Last week The New York Times reported in detail on YouTube’s recommendation algorithm, which is “capable of drawing users deeper into the platform by figuring out ‘adjacent relationships’ between videos that a human would never identify.” The Crusades are a plum example of a topic that turns into a thread, leading the viewer through a labyrinth towards potential radicalization. You can search “Knights Templar” on YouTube and reach conspiracy theories (“Ten Secret Societies Ruling The World”) within three intuitive clicks.
Crusades-inflected propaganda has become virtually indistinguishable from alt-right memes on Reddit, 8chan, and elsewhere. On YouTube you can find frightening videos like “Deus Vult - The Crusaders In Iraq,” a 2016 video showing armed men in the town of Bartella, holding earth in their hands and proclaiming, “This is our sand!” “Deus Vult,” a Crusading motto meaning “God Wills It” (which historians are not sure anybody actually yelled on any battlefield), is also part of the lingua franca of the extreme online right.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
}
|
missing DAD!
missing DAD!
A personal image this time for the blog….because Dad’s are on ALL our minds!
My dear dear Dad George Stevenson Hughes MD with one of my son’s Jeremy Tugeau (and today an illustrator, gallery painter, and art teacher!- as well as Dad now of 3!) Â at our CT home years ago … before the lung cancer that took Dad in 2001 at 80. Â Family resemblance for sure….they had a bond. Â The bit of the ‘twinkle in the eye’ in youth perhaps? Â still miss the heck out of him. Often start to pick up the phone to run a thought by him! …a psychiatrist, but mostly my DAD. Â So bright and patient and loving and solid. Â I am a lucky daughter to have the memories….may they pass on in our legacy.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
England manager Gareth Southgate has been told his job is safe even if his side lose all their group matches at next year’s World Cup in Russia.
Southgate took the reins on a permanent basis 12 months ago on a four-year contract and oversaw a successful qualification for the 2018 showpiece event, where England will face Belgium, Tunisia and Panama in the group stage.
Football Association chief executive Martin Glenn said he would retain faith that England have the right man at the helm — “for the next few tournaments” — regardless of results in Russia.
“Gareth has a long-term contract. We’ve got a long-term plan. You’ve seen it, you’ve seen some of the fruits of it,” said Glenn, quoted in the English press on Monday.
“Long-term plans are hard to defend when the short-term results go against you.
“He’s not looking at Russia as a free pass. The World Cup’s a really important staging post for our development, I think.”
England, who are 15th in the FIFA world rankings, failed to qualify for the knockout stages in Brazil in 2014.
“We go out there wanting to win it but also being realistic,” said Glenn. “No-one wants to have a bad World Cup but we’re confident he’s the right guy to take us through for the next few tournaments.”
England’s future hopes have been buoyed by recent age-group successes, including Under-17 and Under-20 World Cup victories, and Glenn believes showing long-term vision is the way forward.
“We’re going to do it in a way that’s sustainable,” he said. “So we’re going to make sure that we’re picking the kind of players that can do their best in Russia and continue to kick on in 2020 and 2022.
“What we’re doing is making sure that players that have made it through to the first team by 21, 22, have had lots and lots of tournament experience. So those under-17 winners and under-20 winners will be coming through and they are serious competitions to win.
“We know that worked for the Germans and we know that worked for the Spanish, so we’re just repeating things they’ve done with our own emphasis on it.”
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
Universities like to constantly evaluate students but during the Covid crisis, they can be a little empathetic and cancel exams.
Representational Image | Students at Delhi University | Photo: www.du.ac.in
Text Size:
Every child in India wishes at some point that their schools get shut for the foreseeable future and they get to languish at home. Another wish that closely follows is that exams get delayed, or better yet, cancelled.
With the coronavirus wreaking havoc across the world, these two express wishes of students have, in fact, come true. But not in the best of circumstances. Schools and colleges were among the first institutions to be shut when the pandemic was announced, even in India. However, these holidays are not as blissful as students thought they would be.
And Indian educational institutions were just not ready for the lockdown.
With school and colleges shut, there was a mad dash to compensate for the lost time by introducing haphazard models of online learning. In most Indian educational institutions, it is actually a miracle to find a working computer and WiFi connection with proper bandwidth. In the midst of such technological deficiency, any sort of online module is bound to fail.
But the online classes began, and are still continuing. However, a similar poorly glued together plan cannot be undertaken for exams. Especially when you can’t trust your WiFi and computer security. While classes are about imparting knowledge, exams, especially in the context of Indian education, are about evaluation and competition. If students have not been taught properly, the question of a formal evaluation should not even arise.
Students from all walks of life
Delhi University (DU) shut in mid-March and now the authorities are mulling over conducting end-semester exams online. These decisions are being taken without any input from the students themselves, the primary stakeholders in this situation.
Students in a public university like DU come from all walks of life. Most of them have gone back to their homes and villages — and thus, not everyone has access to a fast WiFi connection, personal computers, laptops or even a quiet space in their house, which are imperative to conduct online exams.
A student pursuing an MA in History from DU said, “We don’t have access to basic stationary like pen and paper only, online exams are a far cry.” And he is one of the many students who face these challenges. When it is just online classes, you can still attend those and share notes with the ones who were unable to access them. But how does one proxy in exams, and more importantly, why should one?
In Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) as well, authorities have postponed the exams but are rather confident that things will be well enough by late June and July to conduct exams. The JNU administration has also allowed different centres to choose their own mode of exams and many, especially Science departments, are choosing to go with offline exams. However, the past few months have made one thing clear — novel coronavirus is pretty consistent in its unpredictability.
No one actually knows the path the coronavirus will take in India and planning out a schedule for the rest of the year is slightly demented. Especially when most of your students reside outside Delhi and have to plan their travel back to the city.
Cancel exams in Covid times
Most universities are still hell-bent on conducting exams even though there is no way to do so. For India, that seems to be the only marker of education.
This is not unsurprising though, as Indian educational administrations are not known to be kind to their students. Everything from complicated procedures for the simple administrative work, uncooperative and glitchy website servers, unpaid academic resources and inaccessible officials — it’s like the very institutional framework is erected to make life as difficult as possible for students.
You have to prove that you learned something of importance in the last four months that you sat in class. Of course, most students don’t actually sit in class and can easily pass these exams by cramming any guidebook. So, essentially, the very purpose of these exams is never fulfilled. Perhaps, all of this is still justifiable under normal circumstances.
But the current situation is far from normal. This is the one time these universities can afford to swivel away from the norm and take drastic measures. Measures like cancelling exams. It is not even that strange a recommendation. A friend studying in Hyderabad Central University shared that a committee of professors has suggested that exams should be cancelled and students should be awarded an average score based on their past performance. The committee also recommended that students should be given an option to to sit for exams if they wish to improve their score.
If one university can do it, surely, it is not unprecedented to call for all universities to follow suit. They need to understand that it is absolutely unfair to ask students to sit for exams in the middle of a pandemic. Not only does the question of access arise but also about their psychological circumstances. How is one supposed to concentrate on studying for exams when all they hear are the number of lives this coronavirus has claimed. Moreover, some of these students or their family members could be infected by the virus, which just makes the situation more stressful for such people.
Cancel exams in 2020, focus on learning.
Views are personal.
ThePrint is now on Telegram. For the best reports & opinion on politics, governance and more, subscribe to ThePrint on Telegram.
22 COMMENTS
Its not right time for conduction of exam. Whether online due to poor net connectivity or facility in remote or rural areas.Considering fact that they looking for opening educational institution in july they might think of conducting offline exam that is not safe.
Its not right time for conduction of exam. Whether online due to poor net connectivity or facility in remote or rural areas.Considering fact that they looking for opening educational institution in july they might think of conducting offline exam that is not safe.
Why the heck are these happening in the first place i mean online classes are a disaster the government should do a poll regarding exams even in times like this all they want is literacy rate nothing more cant they see how this virus is affecting our lives and yet here they are wishing to conduct exam
It’s really good suggestion . The module given by the hyderabad universty is best . I’m an inhabitant of Jammu and Kashmir. I belong to a rural area. Current scenario is that only 2g networks are working here , it’s a miracle for us if our network works sometimes. Maximum of the students don’t even have their study material with them .
There were two positive cases confirmed today in my neighborhood,how am I supposed to focused on exam now.
It’s a humble request for the universities to follow the system proposed by Central University Hyderabad.
How this will apply to admission for Postgraduate students according to suggestion given by central university Hyderabad.
I am stay in Mumbai, Maharashtra. And applied I applied for Telangana postgraduation law common entrance test. And I am from telangana but non local. If I want to take admission over there then its impossible for me to get admission according to the suggestion given by central university of Hyderabad
I feel it’s the need of the hour , the universities should consider the students psychological state and the physical condition they are living in before taking any decision . According to me it’s really stressful as the universities are giving notice of conducting exams anytime after the lockdown in a short notice refocus ridiculous. I am Hoping for a sensible decision from UGC
I am a student of Delhi University, actually from Afghanistan, when I just came across home . We don’t have proper access here.
The university takes online exams, so what should i do for it. Please pass my msg to them.
Are you thinking only of those students residing in towns and cities and forget about the students living in rural areas. Online classes and online examinations can only be done in towns and cities and not in rural areas. And that too not all students can afford to have all the necessities and online stuffs.. Network is so poor and most of the there’s no electricity. I can say that online classes won’t do for the best of the rest.
Cancellation of examination may well be the way to go if we were in Utopia. Historically, pass certificates in view of a catastrophe translate to loss of employment for that generation. Not conducting exams will result in multitude of issues for the graduating classes. Moreover, a lot of people don’t pass exams and have to retake them in later semesters. Will they be passed as well? If not will they have to wait another year (that too beyond the permitted cycle) to pass their examinations? That is going to seriously harm their career opportunities as well as could induce stress and anxiety. Who will account for that?
Very good suggestion especially the Hyderabad Central University model. Assessment is the key link for learning, as it stands now in the Indian context. Hyderabad model satisfies the need for assessment and the compulsion of the context -Covid -19. Nageswara Rao Committee, appointed by the UGC has given three models for conducting the end-semester exams. The practice being proposed by the Hyderabad CU can be taken as the fourth model for consideration by other Universities with freedom to choose any one of the four, depending upon local conditions. The central point is that assessment should stay to differentiate grain from the chaff.
a k pattabiraman, Chennai
Horrible ya!!
Am sitting here infront of my books,but just couldn’t concentrate.Many of friends stay in remote areas,they get so much difficulties getting into online classes due to poor networks.
I just dont understand that how could one think off studying amidst such a traumatic enivironment..DISGUSTING!!
Agree with your opinion on online exams. The whole online system is a mess, regardless.
But the whole Average score won’t work for a lot of students.
What about the students giving board exams? You can’t just cancel their exams midway. Plus not everyone is a scholar since Day 1. Some actually start working hard towards the ends only.
Similarly, for college students, what about the ones who are in their final year? You can’t just tell them their marks will be based on an average of past performances.
In my opinion, once situation gets better, we can give exams/projects etc. These marks help people get admission in further PG courses and even jobs!? So no, cancelling exams is not at all an option. Not for final years students as such anyway.
I agree with you on online exams.
However, cancelling exams would be disastrous to final year, 10th and 12th grade students.
Not everyone is a scholar since day 1 and many rely on board exam marks for admissions.
Similarly, in colleges, especially for final year students, many are dependent on there cgpa to get jobs and admissions to further (PG) courses. How the hell will cancelling exams help them? Maybe do a little more ‘homework’ before writing anything.
Rohan , an average of previous 5 semesters is the way to go . As for the importance of cgpa , good students would have been consistent with their marks over the past 5 semesters , therefore average of the marks wouldnt deviate much from the expected results.
Also , as a third year student from Delhi University , I know for a fact that our university doesnt have the infrastructure to conduct the online exams.
Yes the exams should be cancelled because even teachers are not teaching properly the are just reading the pdf and saying your syllabus is going to be completed and students are getting nothing and Universities are not even asking the students about their situation
Good luck getting the universities agree to this. They’d rather have people fall sick than to not have any exams. Exams are the cornerstone of India’s education. Everything is built around it. While we are talking of students and the universities, we are forgetting about the parents. How will they show off that their kid is a 9 pointer if there are no exams? Good luck getting this done.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a stacked ceramic capacitor as the background art of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is an illustration diagram showing an internal structure thereof. A stacked ceramic capacitor 10 includes a ceramic body 12 having, for example, a rectangular parallelepiped shape. Ceramic body 12 includes a plurality of stacked dielectric ceramic layers 14. An internal electrode 16 is formed at an interface between these dielectric ceramic layers 14. Internal electrodes 16 face and overlap with each other at a central portion of ceramic body 12, and adjacent internal electrodes 16 are alternately led out to two end surfaces of ceramic body 12 that face in the longitudinal direction. An external electrode 18 is formed at the end surface of ceramic body 12 to which internal electrodes 16 are led out. Internal electrodes 16 led out to the respective end surfaces of ceramic body 12 are connected to two external electrodes 18. Therefore, adjacent internal electrodes 16 are alternately connected to two external electrodes 18 and a capacitance is formed between these external electrodes 18.
In order to fabricate stacked ceramic capacitor 10 described above, a ceramic slurry is formed by using a dielectric ceramic composition. This ceramic slurry is formed into a sheet shape, thereby forming a ceramic green sheet 20. As shown in FIG. 3, a plurality of internal electrode patterns 22 are formed on ceramic green sheet 20 by using a conductive paste. Ceramic green sheets 20 each having internal electrode patterns 22 are stacked, and on both sides thereof, ceramic green sheets 20 each having no internal electrode patterns are stacked as needed. Stacked ceramic green sheets 20 are pressure-bonded and a mother stacked body 24 is formed.
Mother stacked body 24 is cut and a crude stacked body chip having adjacent internal electrode patterns 22 exposed alternately to both end surfaces is formed. This stacked body chip is fired, thereby forming ceramic body 12 having dielectric ceramic layers 14 and internal electrodes 16. An electrode paste is applied and baked onto the end surface of ceramic body 12 to which internal electrodes 16 are exposed, thereby forming external electrode 18. External electrode 18 is plated as needed.
When such stacked ceramic capacitor 10 is used in, for example, a vehicle-mounted application, stacked ceramic capacitor 10 may sometimes be arranged near an engine. In such a case, the temperature around stacked ceramic capacitor 10 changes greatly, and a dielectric constant of dielectric ceramic layers 14 changes in accordance with the aforementioned temperature change, and a capacitance of stacked ceramic capacitor 10 changes in accordance therewith. However, needless to say, stacked ceramic capacitor 10 having a small rate of change in capacitance with respect to the temperature change is preferable.
Thus, disclosed is a dielectric material in which a capacitance-temperature change rate in a range of −55° C. to 250° C. becomes ±15% by adding BaO, MgO and Nb2O5 to an alkali niobium-based material (K, Na, Li)(Nb, Ta)O3 (refer to PTD 1).
PTD 1: Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2009-249244
|
{
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
}
|
A book excerpt from the spiritandflesh.com religion and spirituality online library.
"Once you have eaten of the flesh,
so to speak, you must ride it out completely.
Of course everyone's journey is different, but if you give
yourself away to life, things cannot avoid falling implausibly into place
around you, and an existence you never thought possible eventually swells
instinctively up from within, and devours you whole.
It's all so subtle, unexpected, absurd, and indisputable, that when an
epoch ends- when the drama of 'being' comes to one of its cyclic, fabulous
crescendos- and the spirit fully emerges, the whole holocaust and rapture
of life dissolves back into itself, into you, and you into it, the two
sides blend into one, the universe is fulfilled for an instant, time
evaporates, distance vanishes, the light mingles and ...we are gone.
I am speaking of nexus points, unifications, grand synchronicities, and
convergences in the hidden patterns of the cosmos, from which sublime
realities become conspicuously manifest in the lives of persons chosen or
willing to act out the universe's karmic evolution; momentary windows of a
deeper vision, leaps of understanding, and etheric mutations in the
blueprint of our chimerical beings, such that there are profound times and
places in the somnambulistic imagination of the great and dancing
Imaginer, when the veil of causality lifts blatantly away to reveal its
eternal marriage with effect, the continuum becomes apparent, the Creator
finally awakens within and as the Creation, and yet still no one, not even
the Maker, can understand how the marvelous making is made.
It is all very strange, obscure and ineffable, as it were. But
to be sure- it happens. Every now and then, due, as it were, to the course
of our forgotten, sublime affinities, a cohesion of disparate forces fuse
into One, life takes on mythical proportions, the Gods awaken from their
slumber, the devil gets his due, and the lone individual, bent awkwardly
upon the fulfillment of his or her impossible and unavoidable destiny,
breaks loose from the world's hold, resuscitates the old breath, finds the
living Life, curses the anguish, weeps for the children, drinks, dances,
goes mad with love, and then vanishes into the sky with all those brave or
free enough to follow.
Let me tell you, it happens. Rarely, perhaps very rarely, but by god it
comes about. And when it does, the Heavens float down like a warm deluge
through the frost of Hell, the veneer of our horrid separation lifts for a
blessed instant, the I in each one of us untangles itself, and all
those ready, strong, innocent, or bored enough, slip quietly away, out
into the gentle flow, merging with eternity, and then drifting off into
God without going anywhere; they simply float away without leaving; they
stand still and fall apart into everything. That is what happens.
But perhaps I am starting off here too fast. Let me sum it all up, so as
to be done with the story, and then we can get on with the meat of this
text. It goes like this: when you are born you are not yet born- first you
must descend, die, rise from the ashes, forget every idea of right and
wrong, lose yourself completely, gain yourself again, and become the All.
There you have it, in brief synoptic fashion. What follows are merely the
details. "
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
2011 Florida Gators baseball team
The 2011 Florida Gators baseball team represented the University of Florida in the sport of baseball during the 2011 college baseball season. The Gators competed in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the Eastern Division of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). They played their home games at Alfred A. McKethan Stadium, on the university's Gainesville, Florida campus. The team was coached by Kevin O'Sullivan, who was in his fourth season at Florida.
The Gators began the season looking to improve upon their appearance in the 2010 College World Series, where they were eliminated after their first two games. After winning the SEC Tournament, the Gators advanced to the best-of-three 2011 College World Series Finals, where they were defeated by South Carolina in two games.
Roster
Schedule
Rankings from USA Today/ESPN Coaches' Poll. All times Eastern. Retrieved from FloridaGators.com
Rankings
NR = Not Ranked
Awards and honors
See also
Florida Gators
List of Florida Gators baseball players
References
External links
Gator Baseball official website
Category:Florida Gators baseball seasons
Florida Gators baseball team
Florida Gators
Category:College World Series seasons
Category:Southeastern Conference baseball champion seasons
Florida
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
}
|
This invention relates generally to manufacturing processes in the hard disk, compact disk, liquid crystal display, solar cell, and semiconductor fabrication industries. Manufacturing processes for a wide variety of products utilize thin circular or square wafer media fabricated from metal, plastic, silicon or other materials. These and other applications require the use of cassettes to hold the wafers in exact positions, referred to as wafer planes. Several types of wafer cassettes are used to hold these wafers, depending on the particular process being performed. For example, teflon cassettes are typically employed to hold the wafers while they are in chemical processes; ABS plastic traveller cassettes are employed to transport wafers from one process to the next; and quartz cassettes are employed to retain wafers during high temperature processes. These manufacturing processes occur in carefully controlled clean rooms that must not be contaminated by the manufacturer's processes.
The largest of the above-mentioned industries in which semiconductor wafer cassettes are employed is the semiconductor processing industry. Standard wafer cassettes are employed to hold twenty-five standard silicon or gallium arsenide wafers of a certain diameter. The semiconductor industry uses these thin, very fragile silicon wafers that are typically 4, 5, 6 or 8 inches in diameter on which to fabricate integrated circuits. More than $100,000 worth of packaged integrated circuits may be fabricated on a single one of these wafers. It is therefore extremely important to prevent damage to the fragile wafers on which as many as 300 separate manufacturing processes may be performed before the wafer is cut into separate dies for final packaging. The processing equipment required to manufacture integrated circuits is very expensive, so any increase in manufacturing speed and yield is highly desirable.
In order to increase manufacturing speed and reliability, loading and unloading robots are used to transfer the wafers from one cassette to another. However, wafers are sometimes loaded into incoming cassettes by hand, typically from manual inspection stages. Manual loading of cassettes presents the opportunity for creating a disastrous condition known as cross slotting. This condition occurs when a wafer is not loaded into corresponding slots on each side of the cassette, resulting in one side of a loaded wafer being higher than the other side, rather than the wafer being in a perfectly horizontal position. When a cross slotted wafer is presented to the pickup arm of a robot, the arm jams the fragile wafer, thereby not only shattering that wafer but also contaminating the otherwise good wafers in the cassette and clean room with pieces of the shattered wafer that may be only microscopic in size.
An additional problem is presented in prior art cassette handling systems when a cassette coming into a robot stage is only partially filled with wafers. The robot assumes that every slot of a cassette contains a wafer and is therefore designed to traverse each of the twenty-five slot positions of the cassette in its attempts to pick a wafer from each slot position. In the case of wafer cassettes that are not completely filled, valuable time is wasted as the robot searches unfilled wafer positions.
Several attempts have been made in the prior art to provide wafer detection systems. One such prior art system is based on non-inductive proximity detection, since silicon, aluminum or plastic wafers are not ferromagnetic. In this type of system, an electrostatic field effect sensor is mounted on the robot arm to detect the presence or absence of a wafer in each slot position of a cassette. These wafer detection systems suffer from long traverse times and, more importantly, make no provision for detecting cross slotted wafers.
Another known wafer detection system employs a small video camera which is remotely mounted on the robot's arm. A video framegrabber and image analysis software are integrated with the robot controller. The images obtained by the remote head video camera are used to detect the presence or absence of a wafer in each slot position of a cassette. These video camera systems are expensive and, like the proximity detectors described above, have limited capability for detecting cross slotted wafers.
Yet another known wafer detection system is that described in the allowed U.S. patent application referenced above. This system involves separate transmitter and receiver modules mounted on opposite sides of a wafer cassette for transmitting and receiving light across the full width of the wafer cassette in order to detect the presence or absence of a wafer in a particular pair of slots of the wafer cassette and to also detect a cross slotted condition. The use of separate transmitter and receiver modules in this prior art system requires the use of interconnection cables between the two modules, thereby increasing the cost of the system. Since the separate transmitter and receiver modules must be positioned in close proximity to the wafer cassette that is inserted between them, the system must be tailored for use with wafer cassettes of different sizes.
It is therefore a principal object of the present invention to provide a wafer cassette mapper that may be used with wafer cassettes of different size and in which a single light transmitter/receiver module is employed to provide information indicating the presence or absence of a wafer in each slot of the wafer cassette, as well as information indicating a cross slotted condition.
This and other objects are accomplished in accordance with the illustrated preferred embodiment of the present invention by providing a base member for receiving a standard slotted wafer cassette, the base member supporting a transmitter/receiver module positioned adjacent the rear of the cassette. The transmitter/receiver module contains two vertical columns of light emitting apertures, coupled to an infrared transmitter array, and a single vertical column, positioned between the two columns of light emitting apertures, of light receiving apertures coupled to an infrared receiver array. The infrared transmitting array may be direct or diffused, modulated or on/off keyed. Corresponding light emitting apertures in each of the two columns are positioned to illuminate the rear edge of each of the wafers in the wafer cassette at an angle that will cause the diffused reflected light to enter an associated one of the light receiving apertures. Alternate ones of the light emitting apertures are positioned to illuminate the vertical space between each of the wafer slots of the cassette, and a corresponding alternate one of the light receiving apertures detects light reflected by a cross slotted wafer that is positioned in this otherwise unoccupied space. The infrared transmitter array is powered on for a predetemined period of time, while the infrared receiver array is interrogated during that period of time to determine which of the particular light receiving apertures are receiving light reflected by the wafers in the cassette. This information is then processed for each wafer slot of the cassette to determine if a wafer is present, absent or cross slotted.
Several wafer cassette mappers may be connected in a system configuration to serve a semiconductor fabrication process. In such a system configuration, an external host computer is employed to interrogate the various wafer cassette mappers. The user may thereby request cassette map information from selected ones of the wafer cassette mappers and use, store, transmit or make a hard copy of the requested cassette map information.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
}
|
Q:
Was there doctrinal difference between Lollards and Waldenses?
Lollards and Waldenses are two historical movements that spread out of Catholic church, in England and France, respectively. I know they had similar views such as opposing the corruption of the wealthy church, advocating lay service, focusing on the scripture instead of ritual traditions and translating scripture so people could study the Gospel in their native language.
Were these two movements separated by anything but time and geography? Was there any significant difference in doctrine, belief or politics between Waldenses and the Lollards?
A:
According to each of their own "statements of Faith" they actually do contradict each other in big issues. before I lay it out, however, here are my citations:
Waldensian beliefs
Lollard beliefs
The first issue on which they contradict each other is purgatory. Waldensians say there is no purgatory. They say people will go either two ways “(the) good to glory, wicked to torment” which leaves room for purgatory, but then later in their statement they say “For you shall be damned without remedy.” No purgatorial redemption.
They Lollards say that yes, there is purgatory. “(acts)...will have needful purgation or worse.”
The next issue is celibacy. the Waldensians say "That he might likewise keep firm the marriage tie, that noble accord and contract."
In the issue of celibacy, the Lollards say yes, do participate in celibacy.
And the last difference I will talk about is Confession (to priests). Waldensians say "Then he desires the Priest to confess him:
But according to the Scriptures he has delayed too long, for that commands us
To repent while we have time, and not to put it off till the last." They then go on expound on this topic.
The Lollards, however, say confession is necessary to the salvation of man.
Lollards and Waldensians contradict each other in purgatory, celibacy, and confession. Some say that one's view of purgatory and confession will, either positively or negatively, affect their eternal destiny.
A:
Brief Googling shows that Lollards were followers of John Wycliffe while the Waldensian church followed the teachings of the merchant Waldo of Lyons. The term Lollard seemed like more of a derogatory label (much like the term Christian) where the Waldensian church identified itself as such. How the followers of these two doctrines look today also seems to have veered in principle and preference, but not so much in doctrine.
Both were pre-reformation and both eventually joined Protestantism. And even though "significant" is subjective, based on current resources* they don't show any significant doctrinal differences. The differences between the two would be no larger than differences you might see in modern day Baptists and Lutherans and Episcopalians.
Even the catalysts for their movements seemed to be rooted in the same anti-papacy, anti-greed sentiments and principles:
The Waldensian Church is rooted in the preaching of Valdesius, a merchant in Lyon, France, who lived during the same period of the late Middle Ages as Francis of Assisi. Like Francis, Valdesius believed in the value of the evangelical poverty of the early church. source
During the earlier part of his public career Wyclif had come forward as an ally of the anti-clerical and anti-papal nobility, and especially of John of Gaunt. He had asserted the right of temporal lords to take the goods of an undeserving clergy and, as a necessary consequence, he had attacked the power of excommunication. source
*current resources provided in links in this answer, and Google.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
}
|
Q:
Trying to draw an ellipse in a WPF window, but it is not visible
I am trying to create my own graph user control, I have one already working on win forms and I am trying to move it into WPF world.
I am starting with learning how to do drawing, so first thing I was trying to draw a black ellipse that fills an entire window, just to learn how coordinates works in WPF.
So here is the code, when I run the application, nothing is displayed, any idea what am I missing?
public partial class MainWindow : Window
{
public MainWindow()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
protected override void OnRender(DrawingContext drawingContext)
{
base.OnRender(drawingContext);
drawingContext.DrawEllipse(Brushes.Black, new Pen(Brushes.Black, 1), new Point(Width / 2, Height / 2), Width / 2, Height / 2);
}
}
A:
WPF is very different from WinForms. You do not have something like a Paint event handler where you constantly need to repaint invalidated areas.
The easist way to draw an ellipse that fills the whole window area in WPF is this XAML:
<Window ...>
<Grid>
<Ellipse Stroke="Black" Fill="Black"/>
</Grid>
</Window>
but of course there are a lot of other ways to achieve the same result.
If you need to do more complex things, WPF offers a large variety of classes that support graphics and multimedia. I'd suggest starting to read the Graphics section of the online documentation on MSDN.
To come back to your specific problem, there are several things to mention.
First, you would have seen the result of your OnRender override if you had set the Window's Background property to Transparent and had drawn the ellipse in a color other than Black.
Then you would have realized that the drawn ellipse is larger than the window's client area. This is because the values of the Width and Height properties include the Window border. Even then, using the Width and Height properties for getting the actual width and height of a UI element in WPF is not the proper way, because these properties return double.NaN unless they were explicitly set (except in the Window class).
Instead, you would usually use the ActualWidth and ActualHeight properties, as in this UserControl (which perhaps does exactly what you intended):
public partial class DrawingControl : UserControl
{
public DrawingControl()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
protected override void OnRender(DrawingContext drawingContext)
{
base.OnRender(drawingContext);
drawingContext.DrawEllipse(Brushes.Black,
new Pen(Brushes.Black, 1),
new Point(ActualWidth / 2, ActualHeight / 2),
ActualWidth / 2, ActualHeight / 2);
}
}
|
{
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
}
|
Q:
With response JSON.parse
my error is this:
Uncaught SyntaxError: Unexpected token H in JSON at position 0
I am trying to make a calendar in laravel 5.3, but I have this error in the console with a json response, in json and javascript I am new, the calendar is an example and I am trying to adapt a laravel. Where this error arises it is in this part:
$('#calendar').fullCalendar({
events: JSON.parse(json_events),
//events: [{"id":"14","title":"New Event","start":"2015-01-24T16:00:00+04:00","allDay":false}],
utc: true,
header: {
left: 'prev,next today',
center: 'title',
right: 'month,agendaWeek,agendaDay'
},
editable: true,
droppable: true,
slotDuration: '00:30:00',
eventReceive: function(event){
var title = event.title;
var start = event.start.format("YYYY-MM-DD[T]HH:mm:SS");
$.ajax({
url: '{{url('calendarController')}}',
data: 'type=new&title='+title+'&startdate='+start+'&zone='+zone,
type: 'GET',
dataType: 'json',
success: function(response){
event.id = response.eventid;
$('#calendar').fullCalendar('updateEvent',event);
},
error: function(e){
console.log(e.responseText);
}
});
$('#calendar').fullCalendar('updateEvent',event);
console.log(event);
},
eventDrop: function(event, delta, revertFunc) {
var title = event.title;
var start = event.start.format();
var end = (event.end == null) ? start : event.end.format();
$.ajax({
url: '{{url('calendarController')}}',
data: 'type=resetdate&title='+title+'&start='+start+'&end='+end+'&eventid='+event.id,
type: 'GET',
dataType: 'json',
success: function(response){
if(response.status != 'success')
revertFunc();
},
error: function(e){
revertFunc();
alert('Error processing your request: '+e.responseText);
}
});
},
eventClick: function(event, jsEvent, view) {
console.log(event.id);
var title = prompt('Event Title:', event.title, { buttons: { Ok: true, Cancel: false} });
if (title){
event.title = title;
console.log('type=changetitle&title='+title+'&eventid='+event.id);
$.ajax({
url: '{{url('calendarController')}}',
data: 'type=changetitle&title='+title+'&eventid='+event.id,
type: 'GET',
dataType: 'json',
success: function(response){
if(response.status == 'success')
$('#calendar').fullCalendar('updateEvent',event);
},
error: function(e){
alert('Error processing your request: '+e.responseText);
}
});
}
},
eventResize: function(event, delta, revertFunc) {
console.log(event);
var title = event.title;
var end = event.end.format();
var start = event.start.format();
$.ajax({
url: '{{url('calendarController')}}',
data: 'type=resetdate&title='+title+'&start='+start+'&end='+end+'&eventid='+event.id,
type: 'GET',
dataType: 'json',
success: function(response){
if(response.status != 'success')
revertFunc();
},
error: function(e){
revertFunc();
alert('Error processing your request: '+e.responseText);
}
});
},
eventDragStop: function (event, jsEvent, ui, view) {
if (isElemOverDiv()) {
var con = confirm('Are you sure to delete this event permanently?');
if(con == true) {
$.ajax({
url: '{{url('calendarController')}}',
data: 'type=remove&eventid='+event.id,
type: 'GET',
dataType: 'json',
success: function(response){
console.log(response);
if(response.status == 'success'){
$('#calendar').fullCalendar('removeEvents');
getFreshEvents();
}
},
error: function(e){
alert('Error processing your request: '+e.responseText);
}
});
}
}
}
});
If someone could give me a serious response a lot of help, I'm new to the world of javascript
A:
Check your Developer Console/Network tab to see the actual response. Then copy it and validate it. I'm quite sure the server response is not what you think it is.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
}
|
using Moq.Sdk;
namespace Moq
{
/// <summary>
/// Provides configuration and introspection information for a mock.
/// </summary>
public interface IMoq<T> : IMoq, IMock<T>, IFluentInterface where T : class
{
}
}
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Github"
}
|
Q:
Naming 1, 2, 3, ... millennial celebrations
I know that after 100 years there are centennial celebrations, after 200 years bicentennial, tricentennial, etc.,
Similarly, are there terms for 2000, 3000, etc., years of celebration?
A:
Sure. Picking up where you left off, we have:
250 years - Sestercentennial
300 years - Tercentennial
400 years - Quadricentennial
500 years - Quincentennial
600 years - Sexcentennial
700 years - Septcentennial
800 years - Octocentennial
900 years - Nonacentennial
1000 years - Millennial
2000 years - Bimillennial
Anything beyond bimillenial is probably very uncommon at best, but you could likely follow the above naming convention and be understood. See more odd usages here.
A:
Yes, there are, and they follow the same naming convention:
bimillennial, trimillennial, etc.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
}
|
As Harrow returns, Cal declares Goodwin UK point
As Ryan Harrow continues practicing since his return from an undisclosed illness, Kentucky Coach John Calipari declared Archie Goodwin as the team’s point guard.
“He’s earned the position,” the UK coach said. “That doesn’t mean he’s the only point guard. We have three point guards.”
For the time being, Harrow and Jarrod Polson will back up Goodwin at point guard, Calipari said.
Calipari did not commit himself to playing Harrow at Notre Dame on Thursday. The UK coach hinted at that by noting the value in using November games to learn.
“I may throw him in there,” Calipari said.
Harrow, who missed the last four games, declared himself ready to play.
“If coach feels he needs to play me, he’ll play me,” Harrow said. “And I’ll be ready.”
Harrow acknowledged the possibility of a psychological issue contributing to his illness.
“It might have played a role in me getting sick,” he said.
Harrow noted the pressure that comes with following such stellar Cal point guards as Derrick Rose, Tyreke Evans, John Wall, Brandon Knight and Marquis Teague.
“That’s just something you have to handle when you come to Kentucky or play for Coach Cal,” he said.
And if a player can’t handle the burden?
“The media and fans will just eat you up,” Harrow said.
About Jerry
Jerry Tipton of the Lexington Herald- Leader has covered Kentucky basketball since the 1981-82 season. That time includes five coaches, five Final Fours, four athletic directors, two interim athletic directors and many memories. Before coming to Lexington, Tipton worked eight years for the Huntington (W.Va.) Herald-Dispatch. He covered Marshall’s basketball team for two seasons before coming to the Herald-Leader.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
/*
* Copyright (c) 2007, 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
* DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
*
* This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
* under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
* published by the Free Software Foundation.
*
* This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
* ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
* version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
* accompanied this code).
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
* 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
* Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
*
* Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
* or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
* questions.
*/
package com.sun.max.vm.jdk;
import com.sun.max.annotate.*;
import com.sun.max.vm.*;
/**
* Method substitutions for {@link java.lang.Shutdown}.
*/
@METHOD_SUBSTITUTIONS(className = "java.lang.Shutdown")
public final class JDK_java_lang_Shutdown {
@SUBSTITUTE
static void halt0(int status) {
MaxineVM.exit(status);
}
@ALIAS(declaringClassName = "java.lang.ref.Finalizer", name = "runAllFinalizers")
static native void raf();
@SUBSTITUTE
private static void runAllFinalizers() {
raf();
}
}
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Github"
}
|
Seemingly out of nowhere, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei stated Thursday that Iran won’t sign off on any final nuclear agreement unless military sites are declared off limits to foreign inspectors.
Also added is the requirement that the United States will have to drop all economic sanctions against the beleaguered country on the day the agreement is signed, The New York Times reports. This marks the first time Khamenei has made any substantive public comments on the proposed framework which was introduced last week in Lausanne, Switzerland.
Khamanei was cautious about the prospects of negotiations but emphasized that Iran would not be taken in by “devilish” intentions stemming from the United States.
“I neither support nor oppose the deal. Everything is in the details, it may be that the deceptive other side wants to restrict us in the details,” Khamenei said, according to Reuters.
The State Department responded on Thursday, saying that it intends to gradually pull back sanctions “in a phased manner upon verification that Iran has met specific commitments.” Exactly what those requirements are will set the stage for the next phase of the discussion.
Jeff Rathke, the spokesman for the State Department, did not specifically address Khamanei’s remarks, but what’s unclear is how sanctions can be eased if inspection of military facilities is forbidden. So far, Secretary of State John Kerry has maintained that the inspection requirements will be quite involved, but it’s not yet known whether he intends for those requirements to extend to military facilities.
One of the military sites, Parchin, has not been mentioned in the international framework at all in distinct contrast to sites like Fordow and Natanz, which are widely discussed in the arrangement. It is widely suspected that Parchin would host Iran’s weaponization efforts, making it a key site for inspection.
Iran’s president, Hassan Rouhani, echoed the remarks of the supreme leader.
“We will not sign any agreement unless all economic sanctions are totally lifted on the first day of the implementation of the deal,” Rouhani said.
The final deadline is June 30, which gives some amount of time for Secretary of State John Kerry and his team to work out the thorny details of what one of the most invasive inspection regimes in history will look like.
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Content created by The Daily Caller News Foundation is available without charge to any eligible news publisher that can provide a large audience. For licensing opportunities of our original content, please contact licensing@dailycallernewsfoundation.org.
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Important factors for pain during photodynamic therapy for actinic keratosis.
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an efficient treatment for actinic keratosis. A common problem, however, is pain. The aim of this study was to investigate pain during PDT for actinic keratosis. The possibility of using capsaicin cream for pain relief was also assessed. Pain was investigated during aminolaevulinic acid PDT in 91 patients. Size, redness, scaling and induration of the lesions were recorded. Maximum pain during treatment was registered, using a visual analogue scale (0-10). The pain-reducing efficacy of capsaicin was tested in a pilot study in six patients (10 lesions). These patients were pre-treated with capsaicin cream for one week before commencing PDT. Pain was found to be normally distributed around a mean value of visual analogue scale 4.6. Larger lesions gave more pain (p=0.001). The redness of the actinic lesions was found to be related to PDT-induced pain (p=0.01), the reduction of actinic area (p=0.007), and the cure rate (p=0.01). The redder the actinic area, the better the treatment outcome and the more pain experienced. Patients with the largest reduction in the actinic area experienced more pain (p=0.053). The most important factors for presence of pain seem to be the size and the redness of the lesion. No significant pain relief was experienced after pre-treatment with capsaicin.
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Mahjabin Haque Photo: Courtesy
In an exclusive interview with Dhaka Tribune's Reaz Ahmad, a Bangladeshi woman joining Nasa as a space system software engineer says ‘dreams do come true if you work hard and stay true to yourself’
She wanted to work for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Nasa) in the United States ever since she was a child. Fascinated by the stories about Nasa sending people to the moon, she wanted to be a part of that mission.
Mahjabin Haque, a young woman from Bangladesh, spent her second stint as a Nasa intern earlier this year, coinciding with the 50th anniversary of the Apollo 11 moon landing.
Come October, a computer science graduate from Wayne State University’s College of Engineering in Michigan, Mahjabin will join her dream job as a space system software engineer at Nasa’s Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas.
For over 50 years, Nasa’s Lyndon B Johnson Space Center (JSC) has led the US and the world on a continuing adventure of space exploration, discovery and achievement.
Mahjabin’s joining JSC on October 7 marks a watershed as women from Bangladesh taking up Nasa job is few and far between.
Photo: Courtesy
In its early days, JSC had led the Gemini, Apollo, and Skylab project. Nasa’s largest research and development facility now serves as the home of mission control, leading International Space Station operations and missions, and numerous advanced exploration projects.
Her family’s winning a diversity visa (popularly known as DV lottery) back in 2009, brought Mahjabin, her banker father Syed Enamul Haque, her mother Ferdousi Chowdhury and only younger brother Syed Samiul Haque to the US from their hometown Sylhet in Bangladesh. Samiul currently works in the US Army.
Mahjabin, who currently lives in Michigan with her mother and brother, is now passing busy days packing to relocate herself to Texas on October 5 to join Nasa. But she still managed to give an interview to Dhaka Tribune via email.
Here is the excerpt:
When are you going to join Nasa, in what capacity and what role you’ll be playing there? Also tell us in brief what it takes to get a Nasa job.
I will join on October 7 as a space system software engineer at Nasa’s Johnson Space Center.
In order to work for Nasa, you have to be an all-rounder, you have to have leadership experiences and be involved in extracurricular activities. As for me, I was involved in many different organizations in my university. I was the president of the Bangladeshi Student Association (BSA), a dance choreographer for BSA’s cultural events,and also the vice-president of the Association for Computing Machinery's Council on Women in my university.
Nasa is more than just astronauts. At Nasa, we have everything, from scientists to engineers to IT specialists to human resources specialists to accountants to writers and many other kinds of people working together to break barriers to achieve the seemingly impossible.
You served at Nasa before as an intern. How did you get the internship and how many months was the work duration then? Also, how was the experience?
I applied online for the Nasa internship and got a call for a phone interview from their recruiter shortly after. I was selected as the top candidate among thousands of interns all over America after all the processing. I interned at Nasa twice.
First one was as a data analyst between January 2018 and May 2018, when I conducted data analysis of the Engineering Directorate's IT infrastructure and associated processes. During those four months, I was featured as Nasa’s JSC Intern of the Week. I also joined the Intern Student Council and was elected video committee chair. As chair, it was my duty to organize and produce a video encapsulating the Nasa internship experience. This project allowed me to take a closer look at the people behind Nasa, and I found myself inspired by their diverse backgrounds and expertise.
Photo: Courtesy
The second one was as a software engineer intern at Mission Control Center (MCC) between January 2019 and May 2019, where only employees with high-profile badges are admitted without an escort. My work directly supported the International Space Station, and I was responsible for software design, implementation, testing, maintenance and user support. MCC is the most important and highly secured building of Nasa, because this is the control room for all the rocket launches and important mission support. I was featured as the intern of the week too during the second internship.
Nasa experience is unbelievably incredible — I was surrounded by some of the brightest people in the country, working on some of the most unique projects in the world. I met people whose backgrounds range from aerospace engineering to physics to communications. At Nasa, you get a bit of everything.
Are there other Bangladeshi or scientists/technicians/officials of Bangladeshi-origin working at Nasa? Any idea what the number is?
I was the only Bangladeshi intern when I was doing my internships, but I did meet two Bangladeshis who are working at Nasa full time. I don’t really know them personally, but I did see them in few places at Nasa, and JSC is a huge place with high security and it has many buildings so it is hard to know everyone who works there.
Tell us something about your academic life, degrees you achieved and about all of your alma mater.
I recently graduated with a Computer Science degree from Wayne State University’s College of Engineering. I was involved in many organizations and I was also working part time at my university as a computer programmer while taking full time classes.
Photo: Courtesy
My mom played a huge role in turning me into the person I am today. She has always motivated me to go after my dreams without any fear. In her own words, “Ami chai amar meye akash chhobe, amar meye kono cheler cheye kom noy” (I want my daughter to touch the sky, my daughter is nothing less than any men).
Where did you spend your childhood? When did you leave Bangladesh for the US?
I was born in Bangladesh and came to America in 2009 with my parents. I used to live in Kazitula, Sylhet and my village is in Kodom Rasul, Golapganj. While I was there, I went to the Sylhet Khajanchibari International School and College in Sylhet.
You have any plans to visit Bangladesh anytime soon?
I am planning to visit Bangladesh soon, Insha’allah.
What are you aiming at in future?
My biggest dream was to work for Nasa ever since I was a kid, and now that I have achieved that goal, my only dream now is to keep doing what makes me the happiest.
What will be your advice for young Bangladeshi girls who dream of pursuing science education and frontier research as a career?
I would tell them to go after their dreams fearlessly. It’s okay to fail. I have failed many times, but that didn’t stop me from going after my dreams and working even harder. Dreams do come true if you work hard and stay true to yourself.
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Aravis Formation
The Aravis Formation is a geologic formation in France. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cretaceous period.
See also
List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in France
References
Category:Cretaceous France
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MRC President Brent Bozell on Thursday called out CNN’s Jim Acosta, deriding the journalist as a clone of Nancy Pelosi. Bozell added that it’s “dishonest” to call such an activist a reporter. Appearing on FBN’s Varney and Co., he addressed Acosta’s fight with White House adviser Stephen Miller: “Close your eyes. What you were hearing was Schumer. You were hearing Nancy Pelosi speaking.”
Bozell exposed, “This guy, I think, is being dishonest by calling himself a reporter and then doing that.”
A transcript of the segment is below:
Varney and Co.
8/3/17
10:45am ET
[Clip of Stephen Miller fighting with Jim Acosta.]
STUART VARNEY: Well, to some degree it went down hill from there. Joining us is Brent Bozell, president of Media Research Center. Brent, I think that was pre-planned. I think Stephen Miller knew what he was doing, planned it in advance, went right after CNN. Am I wrong?
BRENT BOZELL: Oh, yeah. No, I agree. I agree. It was a slam dunk for Stephen Miller. No matter what you think of the issue. You know, what is even worse than this was, that after it was over, Jim Acosta went on one news program after another repeating this, while being interviewed as a news reporter. Rush Limbaugh is right. It is now been reversed. It is now the Democratic Party that is an appendage of the liberal media. I thought it was very interesting that while Jim Acosta was reporting this on the chyron at the bottom of CNN, it said, “New plan to slash legal immigration sparks fierce debate.” Who is doing the debating? The reporter for CNN.
VARNEY: Do you think though that Stephen Miller should have done that? I do think it was pre-planned. Should a White House spokesperson, whom so ever it is, just go right at, deliberately pre-plan to a reporter? That is not what you're supposed to do, is it?
BOZELL: Yes.
VARNEY: Really that’s what you are supposed to do?
BOZELL: Yeah, I think he should have done this because Jim Acosta was way, way out of bounds as a reporter. He got into a fight with this White House. Now, that is fine, close your eyes, close your eyes, what you were hearing was Schumer. You were hearing Nancy Pelosi speaking, and this guy I think is being dishonest by calling himself a reporter and then doing that. So, yeah. I like what Miller did.
VARNEY: We really have come to a total standoff between the White House and the press corps. I mean it is, it is a really hostile environment, isn't it?
BOZELL: Yeah. They despise each other. There’s no two-ways about it.
VARNEY: That’s true.
BOZELL: Each is out to get the other.
VARNEY: Never seen anything like it, ever, not even close. Never seen anything like it, have you?
BOZELL: No, no. I haven't seen anything like it, nor have I seen the level of dishonesty on the part of the press. Again, if you want to be a commentator, you want to be a debater, you want to be a liberal activist, fine. Go at it, but to call yourself a journalist. Than CNN says over and over again they're objective. They're not. Go to our site, NewsBusters.org. Look at that story. There is no human being who will say what Jim Acosta did was in any way objective.
VARNEY: Brent, one more for you. You're not happy with Senator Jeff Flake, his new book, the title is Conscience of a Conservative. Why are you not happy with Republican Jeff Flake?
BOZELL: Because I think, in my opinion, he is a fraud. He is as dishonest as can be on two levels. One, he appropriated a book that is the largest-selling polemic in history carrying Barry Goldwater's name. Everyone knows my father wrote it. He actually takes the very title. He even steals the artwork. I’m going to show you. Here is the original, Conscience of a Conservative. Here is Jeff Flake's book. There is no way that this man should have any right to take a name like that. Secondly, Jeff Flake is the exact problem that Republican conservatives have in Congress.
He has no right. Here is a man who voted for legal amnesty. He is gang of eight. He is a man who wanted the Garland nomination to go forward, which would have given far-left Supreme Court. He has voted for $1.6 trillion in additional debt. It goes on and on. He undermines Mike Lee and Ted Cruz in the 2013 Obama defund debate. I was there, and I saw it happen. He goes on and on and on. How — guess what, he is running for re-election. It is same game everybody is playing. You run as conservative, you govern as a liberal. But he has come out with a book stealing someone's title, and that is my opinion and I just showed it and then calling it his own, calling himself a conservative. In my opinion, that is intellectually dishonest. In my opinion, that is fraud. By the way, I challenge Jeff flake to a debate anywhere, at anytime, but I warn him, I will eviscerate him.
VARNEY: We got it all. We got it all on this program. Brent Bozell, you’re all right. Thanks for joining us.
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The opportunity for lean office within your company
Sales order processing and office administration activities provide potential for lead time and productivity improvement. Though less visible than on the shop floor, waste and inefficiencies in these areas result in delayed response times, poor customer service and quality issues.
CIF offer of a lean office
Lean Office harnesses the experience of employees by using value stream mapping techniques to identify inefficiencies, delays and barriers to flow in the office environment. These wastes are addressed through employee teams utilising lean tools and techniques to implement the improvement and deliver results.
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Q:
Code unable to handle big loops
Setup: Starting with the number 32, the sum of squares is 13
because 3x3 + 2x2 = 13. The sum of squares for 13 is 10 because 1x1 + 3x3 = 10. The sum of squares
for 10 is 1, so 32 is a happy number.
sample input
The input will be a single positive integer. Several examples are given here.
32
4565
42
5555
Sample Output
The program must print a sentence indicating if the input number is happy or unhappy, then exit.
32 is a happy number
4565 is an unhappy number
42 is an unhappy number
5555 is a happy number
Actual problem: whenever i input huge numbers such as 5555. i get an error such as:
File "C:/Users/username/Desktop/bob.py", line 43, in sos
sos()
File "C:/Users/username/Desktop/bob.py", line 26, in sos
for x in range(repeat):
RuntimeError: maximum recursion depth exceeded in comparison
**code: **
ans = input()
y = 5000 #this is so that the data does not loop forever
repeat = len(ans)
def sos():
global y
global repeat1
global ans
for x in range(repeat):
List = list(str(ans))
repeat1 = len(List)
repeat2 = len(List)
ans1 = int(List[int(repeat2)-int(repeat1)]) * int(List[int(repeat2)-int(repeat1)])
#print("ans1", ans1)
ans2 = int(List[int(repeat2)-(int(repeat1)-1)]) *int(List[int(repeat2)-int(repeat1-1)])
#print("ans2", ans2)
ans = ans1 + ans2
y -= 1
if x == 1:
print(this, "is a happy number")
else:
if y <=0:
print(this, "is not a happy number")
else:
sos()
sos()
Question: What can i do to prevent this error?
request: please try to edit my code instead of creating your own. it help me learn what i did wrong and fix it in the future if needed.
A:
A number is either a happy number if the recursive sum of squares ends up in 1, or is not if it recurses endlessly (see the wikipedia definition). An easy way to implement such a behavior is to track the intermediate sums you calculate on the way:
def is_happy(num):
return is_happy_recursive(num, [])
def is_happy_recursive(num, seq):
sum_squares = sum([int(d)**2 for d in str(num)])
if sum_squares == 1:
return True
elif sum_squares in seq:
return False
else:
seq.append(sum_squares)
return is_happy_recursive(sum_squares, seq)
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The high airflow full tower Obsidian Series case for great-looking high performance PCs
If you™re building a high-performance full tower PC system, Obsidian Series 750D Airflow Edition is a great start.
It combines generous expansion flexibility, excellent air or water cooling capabilities, and an interior optimized for fast and easy builds and upgrades.
The exterior is built from solid steel and brushed aluminum for a clean, elegant look.
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Before the triumph of mediaculture, mediation was an external agency, a process one submitted to for the attainment of a given result, an option. As precursors of New Media Art, early video & conceptual art introduced mediation as an aesthetic vector and/or process-methodology, another way to approach or contextualize an artist’s tools or content. Now however mediation is omnipresent, it takes heroic intervention by the artist to remove it from the critical context their work exists in. Relative to what’s gone before, theoretically the landscape exists as seen through a virtual camera obscura; what was up is now down and vice-versa.
Thus, looking back to earlier historical strategies of aesthetic immersion, Islamic design for instance, the notion was that if Man wished to suggest the Divine he must lose his humanity so as to lose the limitations implicit in it. Didn’t geometry, with its point of standing seduction into the infinite, represent inherently more than what poor, mortal Man could do or be? Necessarily in the translation from the human, the limited, to the mathematical and limitless, the first thing to be surrendered was métier: the Hand.
So now we see another kind of surrender, not in the mind or will of the artist yet rather in so-called « popular imagination » (at times, itself an oxymoron) — that being the supposed loss of authorship when the artist employs certain mediumistic tools, computers chief among them. Yet to look at the work of Pascal Dombis is not to see any surrender of authorship or poiesis through the agency of mechanical intervention or surrogacy, instead there is self-mediated metiér; the Hand grown so accomplished, efficient, and powerful that it can write its signature small, in code and algorithm, and yet figure large, reaching through the machine, animating it (and not the reverse), entering into a creative partnership with the random and circumstantial to create an art which is perpetually reinventing itself and its aspect.
Thus Dombis’ hyperstructures are not any sort of « arabesque » except in the most general associative sense, for what is sacrificed on the alter of geometry in the traditional works is here instead transformed and augmented to attain a status which in traditional perspective must seem post-human. This is a transubstantiation of the Machine in its perfect sociocultural application; that of « slave ». What then is the need for obsessive fixation which might plot all the variables potentiate in one of Dombis’ starting figures, those which are the basis for all iteration and variation in a given piece? The Machine can do it, and at no risk to its own sanity. Where then is the requirement for the consumption of massive amounts of time in calculating geometries? The Machine can do it, and with no thought to other projects ignored in the process. Why should there be an acceptance of human limitation, a prison of the flesh, simply to convoke the infinite? The Machine is capable, given the task the artist has designed for it, it labors ceaselessly, reflecting the ingenuity of its creator, itself executing and re-executing the work, Dombis achieving a partial and situational apotheosis as a demiurge — the constant practitioner.
Legends tell of sorcerers able to inculcate their essences within physical vessels, rendering them immune and invulnerable to the perils of natural existence. Might one not say that Dombis has done this as well? That with each algorithm and starting figure, with each self-generating and self-sustaining artwork he has left a part of himself, an active part, toiling away in a virtual simulacrum of his practice? That each piece carries with it a part of the studio it was created in? Of course this is not sorcery, it is merely the face of a unique form of contemporary art practice.
Along with digital mediation itself, Dombis’ work contains several essential negotiations. One is between the determinism and autonomy of the algorithms executing the hyperstructures which make up the visual component of the artwork. What is controlled and what is random; what is calculated and what is aleatory? Another deals with compression, in this case through layering; in physics mass and density correlate but is that the case with this work? Post-fractal geometries clearly indicate the old alchemical proposition, « As Above, So Below »; scale is immaterial, it is only a question of focus, and focus could be anywhere. If a work is smaller, one is induced to regard it as an object of inscrutable contemplation, if it is larger then it takes on an immersive quality not wholly unlike that produced by the regard of large Abstract Expressionist canvases by a Jackson Pollock or Clyfford Still — an everywhere and nowhere achieved simultaneously.
Though surely « anti-minimalist », Dombis’ work cannot really be said to be « digital expressionism » since the visual component of the work is in fact a « shadow in the cave » with respect to the code which enables it. This sets up a further irony in that the work may be said « to express » as hypothetical protein foldings do in biotechnology, however the literal gesture is embodied in the code itself thus enabling a satifsyingly witty parallel between the actual code and symbolic code, i.e. that which allows itself to be parsed as expressionistic. By the same token one could see the work as extra-dimensional terrain maps, each successive elevation standing above or below the last according to its own whim. Somewhere between a landscape of delirium and a blueprint for an impossible organic machine, the works build upon themselves, threatening a « black out » point of no return yet never ultimately attaining it.
Hyperstructures can be created in a variety of ways, through rules governing cellular automata, the track-charts of cloud chambers, the recreation of plasma flow, the iteration of Feynman windows, the promulgation of Fibonacci numbers, the perturbations of unfixed matrices, the controlled collapse of lattices, etc, etc. Every time an ice cube starts to melt it creates a hyperstructure. Dombis’ preferred method here is via the iteration of a simple base element in terms of degree of curvature, proliferation, and growth. The more random the growth variable, the more chaotic the result. Clever composition creates what appear to be areas of absence; doors or windows which open and close as the work restates itself, forever inviting then finally excluding scrutiny.
While at first somewhat suspicious of incorporating too much process-methodology in the current body of work, as the technology matured and he became more comfortable with his own approach and technique, Dombis came to the conclusion that to demonstrate the progressions which told the tale of the work’s creation would not deprivilege its inherent power or mystery and he now permits himself to employ video and lenticular technologies to further reveal the art-making process which for him had gradually already become functionally transparent.
In this same way, Dombis’ work replicates itself to achieve structural density. Another conceptual/visual pun on the concept of « mechanical reproduction » as the work augments itself in a geometric progression stating 1 then multiplying by 4, 16, 64, etc. This gives the linear figures a fullness and cohesion quite distinct from the paradigm of « the moving finger »; and yet there is the artist’s tireless, virtual hand, drawing impossible figures somewhere between what the human eye can see, the human mind can encompass, and that oft-regarded, evanescent suggestion of infinity.
The Moving Finger writes; and, having writ,Moves on; nor all your Piety nor WitShall lure it back to cancel half a Line,Nor all your Tears wash out a Word of it.— The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam.
Blackhawk
New York City, December, 2003.
[*the title refers to a French an Enlightenment period aphorism rejecting Judeo-Christian preordination in favor of individual determinism in the spirit of the Enlightenment]
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"You thought you had found a good girl" "One to love you and give you the world" "Now you find that you've been misused" "Talk to me, I'll do what you choose" "I want you to" "Tell Mama" "All about it" "Tell Mama" "What you need" "Tell Mama" "What you want" "And I'll make everything all right" "That girl you had didn't have no sense" "She wasn't worth all the time that you spent" "She had another man throw you outdoors" "Now the same man is wearing your clothes" "I want you to tell Mama" "Tell Mama" "What you want" "And I'll make everything all right..." "Hi, it's Charlie." "Leave a message." "Hi, Charlie." "It's Carol from the LA Temp Agency." "Listen, Dr. Batel's office needs you for tomorrow." "Is that okay?" "Let me know." "Bye." "Good morning, neighbor." "Hey." "Help yourself." "Oh, thanks." "I was out of everything." "Aw, why do I even bother?" "You know, Remy, I gave you that key for emergencies." "Extreme emergencies." "It was." "I needed caffeine." "I don't know." 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"I can make another one for you if you'd like." "I'd be happy" " to exchange it for you, sir." " Hello?" "It's okay." " You've done enough, thanks." " I'm sorry." "Karma." " Have a good one." " Thanks, girl!" " Oh, sorry." " Oh, I'm sorry." "Hi." "Hi." "I don't know how to read tarot cards." " Why am I in the cards?" " Come on, just try." "Okay, well, this crazy old lady keeps coming up." "The knight in shining armor." " Mmm!" "That's mine." " No no no." "What?" " I saw this guy twice today." " That guy?" "Two times in one day." "That's got to be a sign, right?" "Mm, a sign." "Yeah, okay." "What did he say when you talked to him?" "I didn't talk to him." "Well, are you sure he saw you?" "Yeah!" "I mean, I think so." "Okay, honey, we're worried about you because you're turning into a little bit of a freak." "Yeah, we think it's from not having sex." " Exactly." " Look, just because..." "I haven't been in a relationship in a while doesn't mean I'm miserable." "I just want a sweet guy, you know, a guy who's strong but still opens a door once in a while." "And who notices things and... you know, maybe makes a difference." "Maybe he completes you." "Oh." "You complete me." "Oh, sorry." "Dr. Batel's office." "Hi, Mrs. Reynolds." " Go to Grandma's, tell her I'll be home late." " I still have stitches to do..." " Yeah, can you please hold?" "I'll see you at home." "You know what?" "You go ahead." "I can do that for you." " Oh thank you, Charlie." "You're a doll." " No problem." "Hey, George." " How're you doing, Charlie?" " Good." " What do you got there?" " The doctor asked me to bring it from home." "Whew!" "Okay!" "All right." "The doctor will be right with you." "I said "Leap into my arms, babe"" " Thank you." " Come on, dive into the stove..." "We're here!" "Thank God you guys are here." "I am down two girls tonight." "Here." " Sorry, that's all I got left." " Sweet." "Wow." "You know, I love that I am now comfortable enough with my sexuality" " to wear something like this, you know?" " Looks good on you." " Hey, what's up?" " Take off the apron now." " Sorry." " Where do we start?" "Okay, uh, hand out these shrimp balls." "There has got to be a better name for those." " I don't think it's that bad of a name." " What's wrong with the name?" "I said, I say, sometimes we look back..." " Oh my God, that's him." " Whoa!" "Who?" "Who?" "The guy I ran into." "He's here." " Where?" " What?" "That is three times in two days." "What are the chances of that?" " Um, like, none." " That's Dr. Fields." "This is his party." "He just moved back from San Francisco." " Really?" " Yeah." "Well, you're right." "He is hot." "Flirting with disaster" "You're the one I'm after" "I think I've found my destiny" "I can fly" "On the wings of my heart" "Deep inside" "I've been falling apart" "L-l-Iove" "There's a magic in you" "And I'll be" " Under your spell..." " Here's the best part." "The guy then goes into cardiac arrest," "Kevin performs CPR on the guy, saves his life again." "God." "Disgusting, isn't he?" "No, you are amazing." "Yeah." "Excuse me?" "W-wait wait wait." "What do we have there?" "Oh, um, balls." "Uh, shrimp balls." "Um, shrimp in balls." "I'm sorry, but we're not really into fish genitalia." "Yeah, okay." "Was she really listening to our conversation?" "Excuse me." "Wait a second." "Um, so I know two things about you... you work in catering, and you have a lot of dogs." "Oh, that... no." "Uh, I'm a dog walker." "I'm not some crazy dog-lady with 12,000 dogs." " That's why." " And I'm sorry about before." "I didn't mean to be eavesdropping." "Well, you're right." "You shouldn't have." "You should have stayed and talked to me." "Well, your girlfriend seemed pretty offended." "Oh no, that's..." "that's not my girlfriend." "L-I don't have a..." "I'm sing..." "I don't have a girlfriend." "What?" "Nothing." "Nothing." "Um, I'm Charlie." "Charlotte, but Charlie." "Well, I'm..." "I'm Kevin." " Nice to meet you." " Nice to meet you, too." "Uh-oh." "What?" "What does "uh-oh" mean?" "It looks like someone else is mowing your lawn, Fiona." "I'm gonna go destroy these." "Excuse me." "I'll see you guys." "Oh, my shoes are killing me which means they must look fabulous." "Can I get you anything?" "One of him on a platter." "Such a waste." "What's a waste?" "Oh, you didn't know?" "Kevin's gay." " What?" " Yeah." "That's Kit, the groom." "Or maybe he's the bride." "I can't remember which one's the top and which one's the bottom." "Yeah, they're getting married next Christmas in Maui." "I didn't get that vibe." "Trust me." "Thanks." "Look at that dude's arms!" "I used to have such good gaydar." "Oh, you're home." "Thank God." " I'm exhausted." " What did you do today?" " Hi, it's Charlie." "Leave a message." " Went to the post office." "Uh, hi, Charlie." " This is Kevin Fields." " That's him." "I don't know if you remember me from the party the other night, but I was just calling, uh, to see if, um, maybe... maybe you wanted to walk my dog." "What?" "No!" "Hang up the phone." "No, actually, you can't, because I don't have a dog." "So maybe you could walk me." "Hang it up." "All right, you know, I'm-I'm gonna go now." "Call me at 555-0118 and ask for Dr. Fields." "Okay, thanks." "Bye." "Oh man, that was..." "that was horrible." "Yeah, I wouldn't hold your breath for a callback on that." "Yeah, she'll call me back if she wants to walk an idiot." "Yeah, I'm not going to disagree with you." "So takeout or raid your fridge?" "Here we go." "Take it easy, Lilly." "Easy." "Hi." "You never called me back so I figured I would bring the coffee to you." "Thanks." "Um, look, I think you're a really nice guy and everything, but I don't know why you called me." " Hmm?" " I'm a woman." "Yeah, I love that fact." "Have you ever been with a woman?" "Excuse me?" "I mean, have you only ever been with men?" "Men?" "What are you talking... whoa whoa whoa." "Wait a minute, I'm not gay." " You're not?" " No." "No, I like women." "Lots of... no, not lots of women, but you know what I mean." "Why did you think I was gay?" "Awkward." "Okay, I got to go now." "Wait wait." "Wait wait wait." "Okay, I'll prove to you that I'm not gay." "Let me take you out on Friday night." "We'll watch the playoffs," "I'll order a pizza, I'll completely ignore you." "Give me one good reason." "'Cause I'm different." "Really?" "Okay, what color are my eyes?" "Well, at first glance, your eyes are brown." "But when the light hits them they change to amber." "And if you look really closely around the iris the color is pure honey." "But when you look into the sun they almost look green." "That's my favorite." "How did I do?" "I would've settled for brown." " Okay!" " Peanut, let go!" "Off!" "Off!" "I'm sorry he bit you." "I mean, they all have their shots so it should be fine." "Seriously, don't worry about it." "It barely broke the skin." " Outside." " Did you just move in or something?" "No, I've been here a year and a half." "Oh, nice place." "I should have some hydrogen peroxide around here somewhere." "What is all this stuff?" "Oh, I'm a yoga instructor." " This?" " And a Little League coach." "And a dog walker and a caterer." "I told you I'm a temp." "That is not true." "She is an incredibly talented artist." " Remy!" "Remy!" " I mean, look at her sketchbook." " She hides it right under there." " Remy!" "What?" "He's not..." " Are you all right?" " Yeah." "Yeah, thank you." "Found it!" "So you're an artist, too?" "Uh, I like to dabble in a lot of different things." "I mean, life's too short to live the same day twice, right?" "Yeah." "That's a good philosophy to live by." "My dad always used to say that." "Come on." " Used to?" " Oh, yeah," " my parents died when I was little." " Oh, I'm sorry." "That's okay." "It was a really long time ago." " You ready?" " Yeah..." "I mean, it's a little embarrassing." "I'm the doctor." "I'm the one who's supposed to look at the... ah!" "Ow!" " Oh my God." "I'm sorry!" " I'm just kidding." "I never get to do that." "Okay, because the cut is, like, three inches higher." "Sorry." " Do you need my phone?" " Oh, no thanks." "It's just my mom." "And it's only her second page of the day." "She's just getting started." " Well, you're all set." " Thank you." "So, do you think, uh... we could do this again sometime, maybe without the biting?" "Yeah, that would be nice." " Heard from Kevin yet?" " Not yet." "I've paged him." "Would you page him again?" " Good morning, Stan." " Good morning." " You're in a good mood." " The last time the network executives came to my dressing room I got my own show and a big fat raise." " Yeah and I had to start kissing your..." " Viola Fields?" "Oh my God!" "It is such an honor to meet you." "Oh thank you, darling." "Would you mind just signing this autograph?" "For my grandmother." "I'd love to." "You know what else I'd love?" "I'd love you to get me a latte." "Do you mind?" " Okay." " Thanks, hon." "Hi, guys." "How are you?" "That woman is a legend." "Shouldn't you be getting the latte?" "I just can't believe they picked me to replace her." "Oh, shit!" "L-I've been replaced?" "I'm so sorry, Viola." "Psst!" "I'm fine." "I mean, you've had an amazing career, Viola." "It's just that we're trying to appeal to a younger demographic." "I'm fine." "I'm fine." "God damn!" "Get my manager on the phone!" "And then I'm gonna call the head of the..." "Uh, we're on in two minutes." " Okay." " Will you get her to come?" " Please!" " Okay, she'll be ready." "I'm ready." "...Iove got jeans and a tee" "Am I kinky or sweet?" " Take a look inside my makeup bag" " Ooh" "If you wanna love me" "How good or bad I can be..." " Are you okay?" " I'm great." "Hey, I've had a great run." "I've done exclusives with Kissinger, the Dalai Lama," "Muhammad Ali... four sitting presidents... three of them hit on me." "Five Emmys!" "Now I'm being replaced by a young thing whose grandmother loves me." "You know what I'm gonna do?" "I'm gonna finish out my contract and I'm gonna leave this show with my dignity intact." "Okay, coming back from commercial." "Three, cue announcer." "Today on "Public Intimacy,"" "pop singing sensation Tanya Murphy." "And now we're live with Viola Fields." "Four, three, two..." "Well, that was very nice." "My goodness, you have a big voice for such a tiny girl." "You're gonna miss Viola Fields." "Have you always been a singer?" "Ever since I was a child." "I would sing in school plays, choirs." " How old are you?" " I'll be 17 next month." "W-what do you do for fun?" "I love watching really old movies." " They're my favorite." " Really?" "Really, which ones?" "Well, "Grease" and "Grease II."" "Um, "Benji." I love "Benji."" ""Free Willy," um..." ""Legally Blonde,"" ""The Little Mermaid."" " Oh." " Yeah... oh, I know." "You ever read a newspaper?" "Newspaper?" "Viola, the girl has stars on her nipples." "I don't have much time for that." "So basically, you have absolutely no idea what's going on in the world?" " Oh, I..." " And yet, you've sold over five million albums..." "CDs, to millions of kids" " who listen to your insipid lyrics." " What is she doing?" ""You want to know me, look in my makeup bag."" "You're influencing an entire generation of kids who won't know how to think straight, or vote for a president, or remember the significance of Roe versus Wade." "Oh!" "I don't support boxing as a sport." "I think it's too violent." "Y'all better get that little girl out of there." " Holy crap!" " Get us off the air!" " Quick!" " Go to commercial!" "Go to commercial!" "Crazy bitch!" "Get off me!" " Cut!" "Cut!" "Put in the Bow Flex tape!" " Get her off!" "Juice Man, something!" "Oh, I don't support boxing as a sport." "I think it's too violent." "Oh." "I wanted you to take one last look at the old Viola." "Oh, thank God I've changed." "Yes." "Well, just remember the breakdown was only a few months ago so take it nice and slow out there." "No stress." "Absolutely." "In fact, I'm going to take a vacation." "I've been promising my son we'd go to Africa since he was a little boy." "And I finally have the time." "That's wonderful." "Not to worry," "I'm in complete control." "Ruby!" "Ruby, my dear old friend." "Oh, I'm so happy to see you." "Well, good, they still have you medicated." "Ruby, I figured it out." " Life, I mean." " Oh, this ought to be good." "It's not about how many celebrities I interview or what my ratings are." " It's about relationships and family." " Oh!" "Me and my son." "Oh, I just spoke to Kevin." " Did you get the tickets?" " Sure did." "Right here." "He's going to be so surprised." "Yeah, the three of you should have a good time." " Three?" " Yeah, uh, you, Kevin" " and his new girlfriend." " New girlfriend?" "That's a lovely surprise." "Is it?" "Well, I mean, it can't be too serious." "I've only been away a few months." "Well, that's the end of it." "Where do you want me to put this?" "Oh, under the bed." "Uh, you sure you don't want me to put it by the door so you can make a quick escape to the apartment you still have for some reason?" "Now come on." "You agreed to me subletting my apartment." "I would have agreed to anything to get you to move in here." "Oh, these are great." "Are they new?" "Oh, no!" "You can't look at those!" " 'Cause they're not finished yet." " Oh, sorry." " Okay?" "Please?" " Okay." "Here, I'll put them back." "I forgot to tell you, we're having lunch with my mom tomorrow." "Oh!" "It'll be fine." "I promise." "You want to take a shower?" "Hmm." "Yeah!" "Okay!" "It's just a ride, it's just a ride" "No need to run, no need to hide" "It'll take you round and round." "All right, so tell me about your dad." "Well, he died when I was two." "But that was just her first husband." "At the time she was a freelance journalist and then she married this guy who was a network exec and got her her first on-air break, but divorced him for Alec Wrigley." "Wait, the actor?" "I thought he was..." "Oh, he was." "It lasted about two years till she threw him out for sleeping with her second husband." "Wait, how many times has she been married?" " Well, four." " Wow." "But, you know, her career was always the main thing." "She just lived for it." "Well, her career and me, of course." "And, basically, now I'm all she's got." "Here we are." "Oh, no." "Oh, playing dress-up, are we?" " Shut up." "Is that the Dalai Lama?" " Yeah." " Oh my God, That can't be real." " It is." "Did you know all these people?" " Some of them." " Kevin!" " Look at you, all handsome." " Ruby!" "Good to see you." "Yeah, you too." "Now, forget about my mother." "This is the woman you need to get through." "Charlie, this is Ruby." " Well, it's a pleasure to meet you." " Oh, the pleasure's mine." "Uh, excuse us." "I've got to talk to him about a rash." "You're bringing a girl home to meet your mother now?" "Yeah, Ruby, I am." "The women is fresh off the funny farm." "I mean, why don't you come back, let's say... next spring?" "Oh, the trees will be blooming." " It'll be so beautiful." "She'll love it." " How is she?" "She's good." "The first thing she did when she got home was make me lock up all the booze." "It's Oprah!" "Oprah!" "Yeah, Oprah." "There's one in there with the cast from "Good Times" too." "So how big is this place?" "About four acres." "There's a tennis court, two swimming pools, indoor and outdoor... it's kind of crazy." "What?" "No helicopter pad?" "Oh, no." "There's one out back." "I'm kidding." "Kevin!" "Oh, I've missed you so much!" "I promise I'll never leave you again." "Oh my God, Mom." "Look at you." "You look fantastic." " It's just something I threw together." " Come here." " What?" " I want to introduce you to someone." " Charlie." "Mom." " Kevin." "Charlie, this is Mom." "Mom, Charlie." "Oh, hi." "Oh, I'd love to just be able to think of it and make it." "I must have spent the last 30 years looking for the perfect little black..." " Cocktail dress." "...cocktail dress." "Yes." "I know." "Well, it doesn't matter." "You could wear anything with your figure." " I mean, you look amazing." " Oh, honey, thanks." "Listen, when you're my age, if ain't broke, you fix it before it is." "Why the question mark?" "Oh, 'cause I just don't know." "I love your jewelry." " Oh, yes." "Yes, thank you." " I love that." " I like it... the earth tones." " It's fantastic." " Where did you get this from?" " My first husband." "That's Kevin's father." "He gave it to me when we were in Peru." " It's very earthy." " It's like the dress, very earthy." "I just think it's wonderful that you've tried so many temp jobs." "Think of all the experiences you have." "You've been so quiet, Kevin." "Oh, well, it's kind of hard to get a word in edgewise with you two." "Oh, is he great, or what?" "I tell you too, that's a little scary." "Enjoy it while you can." "Here you go, some more coffee." "Actually, I was a little nervous about the two of you meeting." " Really?" " Why?" "Well, 'cause it's important to me." "Mom, you're the most amazing woman I've ever known." "And, Charlie, I've never met anyone like you." "You're real, you're honest." "And although we've only known each other a few months, l-I feel like I've known you forever." "I guess what I'm trying to say here... is what are you doing for the rest of your life?" "What?" "Oh my God!" "Charlie, will you marry me?" "It's..." "it's too sudden." " She's in shock." " No!" " I mean, I am, but..." " Yes!" "Seriously?" "Seriously." "No no." "Say "no."" "Yes." "Yes!" "Yeah!" "Oh, gee... oh!" "Oh, I'm so happy for you." " Congratulations!" " Oh my God." "I can't believe this." "I am so happy for you." "Congratulations!" "I'm so pleased that you're going to be my daughter-in-law." "Oh, congratulations." " I can't believe this." " I'm so happy for you." " Thank you!" " You're going to need a moment alone." " Excuse me, I'll be right back." " Okay." "Oh!" "Shit!" "Medicine." "Let's see." "No." "What's... ah!" "14% alcohol!" " You are so crazy!" "Oh my God!" " I almost forgot." "I've been carrying this around for two weeks waiting for the perfect moment." "I can't believe this turned out to be it." " Kevin." " Try it on." "It is the perfect moment." "Maybe you should go check on your mom." "Oh, she's fine." "She's probably calling all of our relatives." "Oh, Holy Spirit... surround me with light." "Please rid me of my negative karma and my wickedness." "Please help me be a better person." "I could just kill that dog-walking slut!" "Of course." "She's pregnant." "So, goodness." "That was a lot to take in at teatime." " Oh, you're telling me." " I had no idea that you guys were so serious." "Kevin, you never mentioned anything." " Mom." " Here's what I want to say." "It's wonderful being in love." "But I don't think marriage is the best solution to a thing like this." "Well, you know nowadays a girl has so many alternatives to getting married..." "there's adoption, abortion," " lesbianism..." "Hmm?" " Whoa, Mom!" " What are you talking about?" " Well, I mean, it's so sudden" "I have to assume there's a pressing reason." "Oh oh, no." "Charlie's not pregnant." "Call me old-fashioned, marriage is a sacred union that should only be entered into with the utmost care." "Weren't you married four times?" "Yes, dear." "Which would make me an expert, don't you think?" "Excuse me." "It's the hospital." "I'll be right back." "Okay." "You want me to go with you?" "No, stay right there." "You know, this is as sudden for me as it is for you." "It's too sudden, right?" "You think?" "Yeah." "Really?" "I mean, what's the rush?" "It's not like the old days where you had to get married and have kids, and have it all figured out by the time you were 21." " Exactly." " We have options now." "And I've always liked having my options, you know?" "Mm-hmm." "Mm-hmm." "Yeah." "This is so... big." "What am I..." "what am I doing?" "I love Kevin." "I want to spend the rest of my life with him." "Oh my God!" "I'm getting married!" "Ruby!" "Ruby, I need a bottle of champagne." "We're going to celebrate." "May I have the key to the liquor cabinet please?" "What key?" "The key, Ruby." "Key?" "There's no key." "Ruby, give me the key." "You want to take this outside?" "Bring me the key." "And fix your hair." "You look like a damned cockatoo." "She is such a fabulous assistant." "Hey, do you think your mother liked me?" "Of course." "Why?" "I don't know, because she called me a pregnant lesbian?" "I'm sure she meant that as a compliment." "Trust me." "She loved you." "Oh, they're gone?" "I'll just put this baby back to bed, okay?" "My son the brilliant surgeon is gonna marry a temp." "Gonna need something stronger than this." "Where's that martini?" "Hooch will not solve your problems." "She's going to destroy him." "It is so clear." "She's got no money, no career goals." "She was just waiting for a rich innocent to step right in her path." "Oh, Kevin's smarter than that." "Come on, you raised him well." "He's a good boy." "But he's a man." "That's the problem." "The only time they think straight is when they have an erection, and it's usually pointed right at the trampiest woman." "You talking about her or you?" "Look, there's nothing you can do." "Just let it go." "You know what you need?" "A project." "Or another husband." "You know, why don't you marry another gay guy?" "That was fun." "You know, you're right." "I do need a project." "And I have the perfect one." "I am going to save my son." "Here." " What?" " You go use those old contacts of yours to get all the information you can about that little pimp." "And exactly what do you expect to find?" "Everybody's got a past, honey." "Find something." "And I'm going to open up the Montecito house and get a party planner." "I'm going to give them an engagement party." "And then what?" "Lock her in the basement?" "When he sees how out of place she is in his world, it's gonna be over." "This will end badly." "Get me another one of those." "Ooh-ohh" "I just want to get down with you" "Eh!" "I just want to get close to you" "Ooh-ohh" "I just need to go farther..." "Is it me, or is each house you take me to bigger than the last?" "But I thought your mom said this was a barbecue." "Oh my God." "It looks like she's invited everyone I've ever known." "And they're all in black tie." "Oh, there's my mom." "Mom!" "Darlings!" "How was the trip?" " Welcome." " I'm sorry." " I didn't know this was a formal party." " Well, that's because" "I have something for you." "I bought you a new dress." "Oh, see?" "There's a dress upstairs." " Thank you." " Besides, you look great in anything." "Exactly." "You always look so clean and shiny." "Oh, Kevin, your tuxedo is upstairs in your room." "But first I want you to meet some friends." "Come." " Prince Amir." " Can I change first?" " This is Sarah." "Kevin." " You know Kevin." "And this is Charlie." "She's a temp." "Charlie, this is the man that introduced the euro to the global market." " Mr. Prime Minister." " Viola." "Oh, Marie." "You know my son, but this is Charlie." " Very good to meet you." " So nice to meet you." " She's a temp." " Yeah." "I worked in a bank once." "Oh, look!" "There's the Poet Laureate and... oh, Charlie, first I want you to meet the Secretary of Commerce." "Viola, please let me change first." "I don't want to meet her in my flip-flops." "Of course, of course." "Ruby, would you show Charlie to the guest room?" " Come on, Charlie." " Thank you." "Thank you." "Wow!" "Oh my... it's vintage." "Oh, Fiona." " You look stunning." " Thank you." "So do you." "My goodness." "Kevin just went up to his old room." " Why don't you go say hello to him?" " I'd love to." "Good girl." "Fiona, what are you doing here?" "I'm dressing." "Why don't you let me give you a hand with that?" "Give it up, Fiona." "You know, you and I had a very strong bond once." "No, you and I had very strong drinks once." "That's not true." "Kiss me." "I'll remind you how good it was." "What are you doing?" "I'm engaged." "I'm happy." "It's gonna fit!" "Why did she get me such a small dress?" "I have two asses." "It'll fit." "There we go." "Okay." "Okay!" "Okay!" "What is it about her that's so special?" "I don't know but I plan on spending the rest of my life finding out." "Kevin!" "God!" "Men in love are really hot." "Fiona!" "Oops!" "Um..." "I was just giving Kevin a congratulatory kiss." "Don't, uh, worry." "Why would I worry?" "He's gay, right?" "Charlie!" "Charlie, that was not what it looked like." "I'm going home." "I've destroyed priceless couture." "I embarrassed myself in front of 70% of the world's royalty." "Oh!" "I forgot, yeah!" "I just caught you making out with your ex-girlfriend." "Charlie, let me explain." "Ugh!" "It doesn't matter." "I can't do this." "I don't belong here, Kevin." "And if I don't belong here then maybe we don't..." "Hey hey hey." "Listen to me." "It's you and me now." "This isn't my world anymore." "You're my world." "Okay?" "Now let's get the hell out of here." "I'm taking you home." "Okay." "Um..." "Let me try and get out of this dress and then..." "Okay, see you downstairs." "There's a million miles to go" "Till our happiness lives" "There's a million miles to go" "Till our happiness lives." "Do you like it?" "Yeah, it's great." "I'm so glad you finally decided to do it." "I don't know." "I just woke up today and it just felt like home." "I'm gonna do all three walls." "You know, I think it's time to take a break." "Oh, wait!" " Wait a minute." " Whoo whoo whoo!" "I can't let it dry too much." "Oh God!" "Are we getting out of bed today, "Camille"?" "What for?" "I could die and nobody would care." "I would." "You promised me a face-lift." "Sit down, Ruby." "Sit with me, hold my hand." "Have you got anything on the girl yet?" "Nothing." "Nada." "No criminal record." "No debt." "Good grades." "Went to design school." "And then a string of odd jobs." "Isn't that exactly what somebody with a past does?" "What about drugs?" "What about promiscuity?" "She's had fewer lovers in her entire life than you did at closing day of Woodstock." "Well, find something." "Well, I guess if I had a hair sample maybe I could take it" " to my little crime lab and..." " Perfect." "I'll get to work on it." "Listen to me." "There is nothing." "Has it ever occurred to you that maybe she's a good girl?" "Oh, don't joke." "I would like to speak to that woman who got back from the loony bin." "Is she around?" "Because you are taking me for a spin in the crazy mobile." "Ruby, Ruby." "Everybody knows that when a woman marries a man she marries his mother too, right?" "What if I drive her crazy?" "Okay, now you're foaming at the mouth." "Oh!" "Charlie and Kevin's house." "Oh, I forgot you live there." "I didn't realize that you had already moved in." "Kevin, stop it." "I'm on the phone with your mother!" "I'm sorry, Viola." "The slut's practically fornicating with him!" " Stop it!" " I don't blame her." "That boy's a fine piece of ass." "Hold on, Viola." "He's... stop it!" "Right here." "Actually, Charlie, the reason I'm calling is I wondered if you'd like to have lunch next week." " Really?" " How would Tuesday work for you?" "Yeah, Tuesday's perfect!" "Listen, Viola, I'm kind of in the middle of something right now, um, but Tuesday's fine." "Yeah, me too." " Lots to do!" " Okay, bye!" "Oh." "I'll go get the vodka." "It's good to see you." "There she is." "Charlotte." "Hi." "I'm going to have the garden salad and the low-cal Chinese dressing and a decaf iced tea." " And you, miss?" " Oh, um, I'll just have a... cheeseburger with fries and a soda." " All right." " Okay." "You continue to surprise me." "Aren't you worried about fitting in your wedding dress?" "Well, I mean, I'm making the dress to fit my body, not the other way around." "Whoa." "I wish I had been that confident when I got married." "I'll tell you one thing you're gonna have that I never did, a stupendous wedding." "And it's important that we book the church right away." "I always thought that Kevin looked like Jesus in the cathedral down on Second Street." "Mmm." "Actually, we were thinking of having... a non-denominational service, being that I'm more spiritual than religious." "Oh." "What about my place then?" "That way we don't even need to book a location." "And Kevin was born there and grew up there." "Oh, it would mean so much to him." "I'll plan it all." "We'll have that marvelous band that the Swansons' had at their wedding." "And a divine cake." "Oh, honey!" "No no no!" "Tsk tsk tsk!" "Chewing, it's a disgusting habit." "Oh, hold still." "I've gotta... gotta..." " There!" "Got it!" " Ow!" "Thanks, um..." "What do you think about peach?" " Oh, um, excuse me." " Yes?" "Can I get another salad without the nuts?" " I have allergies." " Okay." "I'm allergic to nuts, and eggs, and shellfish, and blueberries." "Oh... and soy." "It's amazing you've been able to nourish yourself all these years." "Oh, yeah!" "The cake!" "I'm thinking traditional vanilla with strawberry drizzle." "Look, Viola, I really do have all of this under control." "I made this for you." "It's your wedding planner book." "Peach." "Oh." "Is that a picture of me and Kevin?" "Oh, and... present time from your new mama!" "Thanks." "Wow!" "It's big!" "You can see the thorns on the roses." "You'll wear it on your wedding day, just like I did." "Of course I was a virgin when I wed." "But we'll just pretend with you." "Now, about the wedding... the two of you are going to arrive in a horse and carriage." "And the driver's top-hat will match the horse's saddles, and the ribbons on the doves that will be released at the exact moment of "I do," hmm?" "And I've been in touch with your bridesmaids." "How do you know their names?" "Well, Kevin told me." "And I think for the honeymoon" "St. Bart's is the absolute best place for you to go" " 'cause Kevin adores it." " Hey, just hold on!" "Just wait a minute, okay?" "No." "Thank you, but no." "Thank you, but no to everything." "No to the horse and buggy." "No to the top-hats, and to the doves and geese and any other farm animals you're thinking of using that day." "And definitely no to you planning our honeymoon." " What?" " Oh no." "I can... oh!" " Oh oh!" " What's wrong?" " "Oh no" what?" " My pills, my pills!" "Okay." "Well, let me help you." " Oh!" " Viola!" " Oh, no!" " Wait, Viola!" "Viola!" "Viola!" "Oh my God, Viola." "Oh my God!" " Give her some room." " Help!" " Give her some air." " My God, is she dead?" " No!" " Get her some help." "It couldn't be that easy." "She's had an anxiety attack, which can feel like a heart attack." "She's gonna be okay." "But she definitely needs to take it easy." "No stress." "She said that you were yelling at her, that you refused her gift and said she couldn't plan our wedding." "Tell me that's not true." "Well, technically... yes." "But, hold on." "I didn't yell at her." "And she just kept pushing and pushing and pushing." "And, okay, I admit it." "I snapped a little bit." "But..." "What was I supposed to do?" "She wouldn't take no for an answer." "Come on, look, you know what a hard time she's been having." " So she's a little difficult." " Difficult?" "A two-year-old is difficult." " She's like... ah!" " Come on, she's all alone." "I'm all she's got..." "we're all she's got." "Come on." "Excuse me." "I'm Dr. Chamberlain, the psychiatrist in residence." " Are you Mrs. Fields's son?" " Yes." " May we speak in private?" " Actually, this is my fiancée." "We can talk." "Um, is she okay?" "Well, I just completed your mother's interview and I'm concerned." "It's possible that she's on the verge of a psychotic break." "I should probably see her at least twice a week, minimum." "Also, I prescribed her some anti-anxiety medication." "If she starts to feel overwhelmed, they'll relax her." "Does she live alone?" "Uh, yeah." "Well, I feel it would be best if she were cared for by relatives... people that are closest to her during this time." "Just until we're confident that she's out of danger." "All right." "Well, thank you, Doctor." "Oh, God." "I've got that medical conference." "What am I gonna do?" "You know what?" "Don't... don't worry about it." "Um, I'll take care of her." "Thank you." " Come on." " What?" " No, come with me." " No no, the doctor said no stress." " Charlie, come on." "Enough already." " I'll stay here." "Kevin!" "Come on." "I am so sorry." "No, Mom, don't be." "It's okay, really." "Charlie?" "I'm sorry too, Viola." "No, I was too pushy." "No." "You weren't." "Look, Viola..." "I would love it if you would help me with the wedding." "It's all right, sweetheart, I..." "I don't really think I'm up to it." "My nerves are shot." "Mom..." "Mom, Charlie and I think you should live with us for a while, until you feel better." "Are you sure?" "Oh!" "Oh, I can't possibly." " I couldn't." " Mom, it's okay." "Relax." "I couldn't possibly." "Not unless I know Charlotte's forgiven me." "Will you?" "Me?" "Yeah, I forgive you." "You just put those anywhere." " Hi!" " Hi." " Are you feeling better?" " I'm much better, thank you." " Great." " Sweetheart, I'm kind of thirsty." " Would you... is the kitchen over there?" " Yeah, sure." " Great." "Goodbye." " Okay." " Hey, Charlie." " Are you moving in, too?" "No, I don't like the neighborhood." "Look, do you have any firearms in the house?" " No." " You might want to get one." "When will you be back?" "Soon as I can, honey." "I promise." "Are you sure you're gonna be okay?" "Yeah." "I mean, hey, it's only at night, right?" "And, I mean, she's gonna sleep most of the time with those pills the doctor gave her." "Right?" "Look, I know my mom can be a little challenging." "So if you have any problems just call me." "I'm on the first flight back, I promise." "Okay." "Well, hurry home." "And who knows?" "By the time I get back, maybe you two will be best friends." "Oh, am I interrupting something?" " Uh, no, Mom, come in." " The caterer called." "He still thinks I'm doing the wedding." "He sent over a sample plate 'cause I gave him the colors you wanted." "I said absolutely no peach." "And from now on, everything goes through my new daughter." " Thank you." " Yeah?" "Okay, I'll be right down, thanks." " Oh, here." "Look." " Oh, it's beautiful, Viola." " Thank you." " Oh, I'm glad you like it." " Thanks." " My car's here." "Gotta go." " Bye, Mom." "Bye, Mom." " Okay." "Oh, bye, sweetie." "Oh, it's gonna be fun." " We're gonna have such a good time." " I love you." " I'll be a good roommate." "I promise." " Okay." "Ohh!" "It's so nice to have a girlfriend." "Yeah, huh?" "Viola?" " Are you all right?" " I can't sleep." "I feel so alone." "I do." "You're not alone." "I'm here." "Did you take your pills?" "My pills?" "Oh no, I forgot." "Could you get them for me, sweetie?" "They're on the sink." "Sure." "Here they are." " Thank you." " You're welcome." "Oh, I don't have any water." "Could you get me some water please?" "Okay." "Oh, I can't drink out of the tap." "Would you get me some Evian..." "with ice?" "Yeah." "Here you go." "Oh, thank you." "You have a good night, okay?" "Charlotte?" "I hate to ask you this, but it's my first night here." "Could you stay with me?" "Please?" "Sleep with me." "Be a good girl." "Huh?" "No no no!" "No no, don't!" "God!" "Viola!" " Are you okay?" " No, let go of me, you!" "No." "Huh?" "Oh!" "Okay." "Okay." "Hi, how was your day?" "It was... okay." "Wonderful!" "You're cooking." "I wanted to make you dinner all by myself." " Sit." " Okay." "It's steak and kidney pie." "Actually, the steak didn't defrost in time so it's mostly kidney." "Mmm!" " Do you like it?" " Mm-hm!" "I made a decision today." "I called my lawyer and I asked him to redo my will." "I want to include my new daughter." "Really, Viola, that's not necessary." "Oh, don't be silly." "I want to." "Of course they have all these stupid questions that they want to ask." "You know, like, "Are you currently an illegal alien?"" "Oh, uh, no." "Oh, that's interesting." "Okay." "Um, are there any hereditary illnesses in your family?" "You know, the kind that could be passed on to grandchildren?" " Uh, no." " No." "How many men have you been sexually active with?" "What?" "Why would they want to know that?" "That many, huh?" "Would you be willing to sign a prenuptial agreement?" " Excuse me?" " I know." "They're such nosy bastards." "It's none of their business." "Let's just deal with this later." "No, why don't we deal with it right now?" "I'll tell you what, I'll clean up the kitchen and you continue enjoying your dinner." "No no no." "You did all the cooking." "I'll clean up." " Are you sure?" " Yeah." "I am kind of tired." "Thanks." "Well, I'll just go up to bed then." "I had kind of a difficult night last night." "You had a difficult night?" "He's skidding out of control." "This bus is out of control." "Is somebody there?" "Tina." "Tina." "Who the hell is that?" "Oh." "What?" "Oh my God." " I thought you were sleeping." " Well, I couldn't sleep." "Hmm?" "What do you think of my outfit?" "This is a ceremonial robe given to me by Chairman Mao." "These go with the robe." "This was a birthday gift from the Dalai Lama." "He never forgot my birthday." "Of course now he doesn't care anymore." " Do you mind if I sit with you?" " No." " Just for a little while." " Okay." "Why is she running?" "Well, someone's chasing her." "Why is he chasing her?" "I'm not sure." "Well, who is he?" "I don't know." "We have to watch." " You have to stop talking." " Mm." "Don't you hate what she's wearing?" "Running out there with bare feet and, what is that, a pajama top?" "It's so unrealistic." "I once did a whole segment on nighttime television." "You would not believe how much the demographics influence the networks." "I mean it's just ridiculous." "All they care about is the bottom line." "Oh, it's so nice just to sit with family and do nothing, huh?" "Don't even need to talk." "It's wonderful." "I miss so much being a working mom." "I used to bring Kevin, though, to the set." "That's where he met Gore Vidal and Jackie Chan." "Is there anybody famous in this movie?" "Because I don't know any of them." "And they all look the same... all the girls have the same body, all the boys have the same hair." "...so many beautiful people who live in Los Angeles?" "I think all the beautiful genes ended up in California." "Why is he kissing her?" "It's beyond me." "I'm sorry." "I thought it was air freshener." " Charlie?" " Dr. Batel's office." "Miss Reynolds?" "Hi." "Yeah." "Nope." "Okay." "Bye." "Oh God." "L-I'm sorry." "You know what?" "That's probably my fault." "I mean, I never thought she'd..." "I mean, she's a little eccentric, you know?" " I'm sorry." " Well, It doesn't matter." "I don't want to talk about your mom tonight." "I want to talk about us." " I miss you." " I miss you too." "Especially now when I'm in the tub... naked and wet... and naked." "Really?" "Well, do you know what I would do to you if I was there?" " What?" " Well, for starters..." "Charlie!" " I'm not looking." "I'm not looking." " Hello?" " I just wanted to return your shampoo." " Your mom just walked in." "You really should use a shampoo that doesn't dry your hair so much." "We don't want a bride with straw under her veil." " Oh, is that Kevin?" " Yeah, it is." " Honey, your mom wants to talk to you." " Sweetie, hi." " Hi, Mom." " Honey, I can't thank you both enough." " Of course." " I'm having the most wonderful time." " How's Charlie?" " Oh, she's been a doll." "We've been girlfriends all week." " Great." " I'm gonna be sad to go home." "You do?" "Well, you never know what the future's gonna bring right?" "I mean, I do love this neighborhood." "In fact, you know, two doors down, there's this house for sale." "It's got two big bay windows and a great rose garden." "You know how I love rose gardens." "And basically, it's got my name all over it." "I'm having my..." "my... um... real estate guy look into it." "She's buying a house here?" "Two doors away." ""Lovely property." "Beautiful bay windows."" "It's bullshit!" "She doesn't even like this neighborhood." "Oh God, I'm so exhausted." "She's driving me insane!" " I can't do this." " Yes, you can!" "Stop being such a big baby." "Kevin is the best thing that ever happened to you." "Charlie, do not give up on this one." "It seems Mommy Dearest has been keeping a very close eye on you, sweetie." "What are you talking about?" "What are you doing in her clothes?" "I was just upstairs in her room minding my own business." "And I found all of this in her closet." "She's been investigating you." "Whoa." "Why does she have your high school transcripts?" "I know." "There's a picture of me at the beach?" "!" " Yes, it is." " I can't believe that." "There's another picture of you in here." "And it's..." "look." "Look at that." "It's like a closeup." "But you have to be close to take that, right?" "Look at all this Gucci!" "It's just Gucci Gucci Gucci!" "She has skin caviar." "This stuff sells for $400 a jar." " I've heard of that." "I want a try." " Here." " Mm." " Doesn't that smell good?" "Ooh, hello." "What are these?" "Those are just her anti-anxiety pills." " Ooh, these are good." " Really?" "They'd knock out a horse." "I have these at home." " You do?" " Wait" "I don't know what these are." "But they're definitely not what I take." "They smell like oranges or something." " Are you sure?" " Yeah." "Let me see." "Hi, Andy." "It's Charlie." "Now, I'm not working for Dr. Batel's office this week." "But I had a question." "Yeah, about some pills." "Can I stop by?" "Charlie, I'm having a bit of a bad day, so Ruby's gonna take me to see Dr. Chamberlain." "Okay!" "You take care!" "Let's see what you're up to." " There you go." " Thank you." "Thank you so much." " And thank you." " Wear that, sister." "Okay, now Cartier is one right down." " Where's Niketown?" " What?" " Niketown." " Niketown?" "Bad day, my ass." "Wait a minute." "Dr. Chamberlain?" "All right." "Hello?" "Hey, Andy." "What are they?" "Chewable vitamin Cs, huh?" "Okay, thanks." "I know." "I can't believe the wedding's only a week away." "No, we do the final walk-through on Monday." "Oh!" "Wait a minute." "I think I hear her car." "Drop my stuff at my house, okay?" "All right." "Look crazy." "Charlie!" "Ch-ch-ch..." "Ch-ch-ahh..." "Charlie!" "Oh, I had to bring him home with me today." "He's harmless." "Sit." "No!" "No." "No." "No, Zorro!" "Sit!" "Is that expensive?" "It was." "Sorry!" "Oh!" "Charlie!" "Bonus." "Good boy." "Come on." "Come on." "Mmm." "Hello, old friend." "Viola!" "You can't mix alcohol with your pills!" "I'm a little upset as you can imagine." "Well, I know that and I'm sorry, but your doctor said if you're feeling upset that you should take your pills, not alcohol." "So you relax." "I'll get them." "Shit." "Here we go." "This will make you feel better." "Drink up." "Now I hope you like what I made." "It's one of my mother's specialties." " What's that?" " Tripe." "It's a delicacy." "Try it." "It's like nothing you've ever tasted." "Trust me." "So Kevin called." "He's coming home tomorrow." "I can't wait." "I'm so excited." "I miss him so much." "I was thinking maybe the three of us could go to lunch tomorrow." "What do you think?" "Yeah, I think it's a great idea too." "I'll make reservations." "It'll be so much fun." "Don't you just love being girlfriends?" "Night-night, sleep tight." "And good morning to you too." " Ruby, is that you?" " In here!" "Oh my God." "Is she all right?" "I thought she went to bed." "I don't know." "I haven't seen her like this since "The View" won an Emmy." "I wish I could stay and help but I've got to go pick up Kevin at the airport." "What?" "I underestimated you." "You don't need a gun." "I don't know what you're talking about." "Mm-hm." "Last call!" "We'll see you tomorrow night." "Uh, there's a reservation under Fields, Kevin." "Yes, right this way." "I'm so glad my mom and you had a great week." "We did." "I learned a lot about her." "So who's the mystery guest?" "Oh, surprise!" "I thought your office said we were having lunch alone." "Well, I hope you guys forgive me." "I just..." "I wanted to talk to you and Kevin together." "So how are you, Mom?" "Fine." "Though I did have a rather difficult night." "Ooh, it was probably that martini you had." "Mom, you're not supposed to be drink alcohol with those pills you're taking." "You know, the truth is" "I owe you an apology." "You know, I was so insensitive to your feelings about wanting to help with the wedding." "Oh, it's ancient history." "A young bride doesn't want to hear the opinions of an old widow." "No no, that is not true." "I mean, you're going to be my mom soon." "And a grandma shortly after, hopefully." "And I want you to know that I will do anything it takes to make this relationship work." "That said... will you be my maid..." "I mean, my matron of honor?" "Charlie, that's..." "that's amazing." " Mom, what do you say?" " But, uh..." "Morgan is gonna be your maid of honor." "Oh no, she has graciously relinquished her title to you." "And I had this specially made up." "A dress in your favorite color... peach." " Come on, open it." " Well, that's..." "Char... ah." "L-I don't think I can." "Mom, I think it's a great idea." "I just don't think I'm up to it." "I really don't." "I've got to talk to my doctor." "Oh, I called him." "Yeah!" "And he said he thought it was a great idea." " You called my psychiatrist?" " Mm-hmm." "In fact, we had lunch at The Ivy." "Well, anyway... he said, considering this turning point in your life, you know, losing so much so suddenly, that being involved in the future would be the best therapy in the world for you right now." "Careful." "You know those are strong." "You know, we..." "are your future." "And we want you to be part of it." "I can have a list of duties for you tomorrow." "No." "M-mom... no, Mom." "Mom, don't cry." "Here." "Charlie." "I didn't think I would be this emotional." "Mom, here." "Can I?" "Oh, oh!" "Oh, thank you, baby." "I love you." " I love you too." " I love you too!" "I love you too, Mom." "Kevin, you know what?" "Why don't you give your mom and I a moment alone?" "Yes, of course." "Just so you know, the crying bits are getting old." "Just so you know, Kevin likes his girls thin." "Oh!" "Well, I can always get liposuction." "I've been meaning to ask." "Is it painful?" "That maid of honor bit." "Priceless!" "You know what they say?" "Keep your friends close, keep your enemies closer." " Oh!" " Now you listen to me." "This is my game now." "You are going to tell Kevin that you are not moving into our neighborhood, and that you've decided that you're feeling like it's time that you go on with your own life!" "You're moving out of our house immediately." "This is over!" "Oh!" "This isn't over, not even close, girlie!" "Well, bring it on, Grandma." "That little bitch!" "Let's go someplace near the ocean and drink lunch." "What?" "You know exactly what." "Move!" "Move!" "Move!" "What's wrong with you?" "I am sick." "I am sick sick sick of your shit." "And I when I'm not sick, I'm tired." "I am sick and tired." "What are you saying?" "Damn you and your luggage!" "Ruby, you're not going to leave me too, are you?" "No, I'm not leaving you!" "You old slut!" "Ruby!" " Ruby, please..." " Hey, you almost forgot your dress!" "You'll have nothing to wear to the wedding." "See you, Ruby!" "Maybe we can get you a matching bonnet." "See you at the rehearsal dinner!" "Motherf...!" "So, how's the bride-to-be holding up?" "Ooh, under the circumstances I'd say mediocre." "But she's tough." "Not as tough as the old bird." " What does that mean?" " For your own safety, make sure you know where the emergency exits are at all times." "Hey, are you and my mom okay?" "Great." "Yeah, I just have a little of the pre-wedding nerves, but everything's under control." "Of course." "Hello, everyone!" "Welcome to the rehearsal dinner." " My God, she looks amazing." " I know." "Oh!" "Father Tyson." "Hello, Blaire." "Kit, how are you?" "Hello, hello." " Oh, you are Morgan." " Yes." "I have heard so much about your delicious catering service." "Oh!" "Oh, wow!" "I have a lot of friends." "You're going to be a busy girl." " And you're Remy." " Yeah." "I recognize you from all the wonderful things Charlie's told me about you." "Wow." "Well, Ms. Fields, I have to say..." " Oh, call me Viola." "Please, I insist." " Viola." " All right, I'm gonna go get a drink." " Okay." "I'm such a huge fan." " Oh, you..." " Oh, I..." "Well, mi casa, su casa." "Make yourself at home." " Thank you." "Bye, Viola." " Cheers." " Goodbye." " I like her a lot." "Hi." " Hey!" " Hi!" " You guys have a nice little chit-chat?" " Oh my God." "She came over and started talking to us." "What did you want us to do?" " Ignore her?" " Yes!" "So then getting her autograph would be completely out of the question?" " Was that yes?" "'Cause... okay." " No." "So there I was sitting next to the Sultan of Brunei with Maureen Dowd, Carrie Fisher and Snoop Dogg." "You know the story, Kevin." "I said to Snoop, "Snoop, I think your lyrics are sometimes a little sexist and unfair to women."" "And the Sultan of Brunei said, "Really?" "I have 114 wives and they're all huge fans of the Dogg!"" "Honey, would you see who's at the door?" "Sure." "These are delicious, Viola." "Oh, Kit, I'm glad you like it." "Mm, yeah." "Look who's here." "It's Dr. Chamberlain." "Oh my God!" "It's Dr. Chamberlain." " Hi!" "Everybody, it's Dr. Chamberlain!" " Hi." "Good evening." " Thanks so much for inviting me." " Oh, shit!" "That's Dr. Chamberlain." "He's Viola's doctor." "Oh, we're going to need another place setting." "Oh, please, let me get that." " There's a chair in the living room." " Sure." "Scootch down, you guys." "Come on, make room." "You guys move down." "Cheers." "Thank you." "Who's he?" "It's Viola's therapist." "Move down, you guys!" " Excuse me." " No problem." " Here's you chair, Doctor." " Here." "Have mine, too." "Hello." "Hi." " Hi." " Hi." "I'll get it." "So you just got here?" " Are you expecting anyone else?" " Huh-uh." " Hello, everybody!" " Fiona!" "I'm so glad to see you." "I just couldn't resist bringing the happy couple a little gift." "That's great." "I will get you a place setting." "She's bringing a gift?" "I think she is the gift." "What the hell is she doing here?" " How about some more wine, everyone?" " Yeah!" "How much longer do we have to stay?" "I have midterms tomorrow." "Shh." " Oh, I get it." " No, baby, not now, okay?" "It's not the time." "So, Dr. Chamberlain, tell us about med school." "Where did you do your residency?" "Uh, now that's..." "that's a long story." "I don't think your guests want to hear that." "No, we really want to know." "I think we need some more gravy." "What is going on?" "What are you doing?" "I'm behaving." "Viola, no!" "You can't!" "Charlie's allergic to nuts!" "Give it to me!" "Viola, you're crazy." "Oh, get up." "Put the gravy down or I'm telling Kevin." "Yeah!" "What's the big deal?" "So her face swells up... swells up a little." "So what?" "Swells up a little?" "Her face'll blow up like a Macy's Day balloon." "Well, good." "It'll match the other body parts!" "Viola, think about what you're doing." "Come on, the girl's getting married tomorrow!" "Ruby, when did you lose your edge?" "Right after you lost your mind." "Come on." "All right." "Okay." "No nuts." "Come on." "Viola, I think you dislocated my vagina." " Where's the..." " Where's the what?" "Gravy?" "More gravy?" "Anyone for more gravy?" "Oh, I am not doing time for you!" " Where's the back door?" " Stay cool, Ruby!" "Stay cool!" "This is no time to lose your nerve." "If I get arrested I'm gonna sing like a canary." "Maybe she won't take any gravy." " That's a lot of gravy." " Mmm!" "This gravy's delicious!" "You... you gotta go stop her!" " Go on, stop her." "Go stop her." " You go, you go, you go." "Why me?" "You're the culprit?" "You go!" " You're my assistant." " What am I supposed to do?" "Go out there and stick my finger down her throat?" "Yeah." "Baby, are you okay?" "Kevin, my tongue feels weird." "I think something's wrong!" "Charlie, are you okay?" " What are we gonna do now?" " Hide the damn nuts!" " Are you all right?" " Get her some water." "Flat or sparkling?" "The caterer says he doesn't know how this could have happened." "Well, I feel like I ate a loaf of nuts." "I mean, even my tongue is swollen." "You're marrying a big, fat, puffy tomato mouth." "It's not that bad, really." "Besides, the swelling's already going down." " Yeah?" " Hey, Kev." " Yeah." " Just coming to check up on the bride-to-be." "For the love of God..." " Out!" " You see?" "I told you it looks terrible." " I told you." " Baby, I promise you." "In 24 hours the swelling will be completely gone." "Give me that!" "Door was open." "Oh thank God." " The Bride of Frankenstein is gone." " I know." "I was up half the night worrying." " You look great." " I just don't know" " how those nuts got in there." " Yeah." "Hmm." "Wait." "Hey, do you think she would..." "No!" "Come on." "I mean, she's crazy, but she's not like, psycho-killer crazy." "Hmm." "No!" "Oh, hey, I was wondering." "Could I bring a date to your wedding?" "Of course." "My God." "How exciting." "Great." "Thanks." "So then, I'll see you later." "But... w-wait!" " Who is he?" "Tell me!" " Oh, it's... okay, don't be mad." "It's Dr. Chamberlain." "Actually "Paul."" " Is that his real name?" " That's very funny." "I gotta go get a mani, pedi and my eyebrows waxed." "But I'll see you in a couple hours, okay?" " Oh, let me go down with you." " Okay." "Oh God." "She added even more ruffles!" "Where's your prom date, señorita?" "Oh, wait a minute." "This is too damn good." "Where's my camera?" "This is just too good." "Will you just get me out of this right now?" "Come here." " Cheers." " Hey." "Thanks for coming." "Okay, guys, let's go see how Charlie's doing." "Ah, yes, please." "Uh-huh." "Oh my God." "Those are so much better than mine." "Don't... touch me!" "I got out of that car the same way I got in it... without you." "Now where is she?" "You here with the bride or the groom?" "I'm here with my mother." "Oh." "She looked a lot older." "L..." "Well, look what we have here." "Oh my God." "You look beautiful." "Oh my God." " Oh my God." " This is it!" "Yeah!" " Oh God, did you talk to the priest?" " I talked to him." "He's just going to skip right over that whole" " "if anyone should object" part." " Okay." "You're a vision in white, sweetie, really." "Knock knock." "Look at you!" "And so is your mother-in-law." "Mm." "Mm-mm-mm." "All right." "Everybody out." "Out." "Give the bride a moment." " No way." " What?" "What is that?" " What?" " Where's your bridesmaid's dress?" "Oh, I gave it to Ruby's daughter." "She works at Hooters." "She was thrilled." "I don't have a daughter?" "Oh." "Rude." "Take off that white dress right now or I'll take it off for you." "Don't you tell me what to do!" "You did not just poke me!" "Don't you touch me, you two-bit tramp!" "Oh my God!" "Viola, I'm so sorry." "I didn't mean to..." "You don't go and slap somebody then apologize." "Get some backbone!" "God!" "This is crazy!" "Why don't you just face it?" "I'm marrying Kevin today and there's nothing you can do about it." "You face it!" "You'll never be good enough for him!" "Didn't stop you from marrying my son." " Oh God, no." " Well, look at you." "All in white." "You are so predictable." "Oh, Gertrude." "I didn't know you were coming." "You didn't?" "Wonder why." "Oh, I know." "You didn't send me an invitation!" "I thought you were dead." "But evil doesn't die so easily." "I heard you got sacked and thrown into a loony bin." " Oh!" "Oh!" " My congratulations." "Oh my God." "Oh my God!" "These hors d'oeuvres taste like old socks." "Now, I want to get an up-close look at the bride." "Holy Toledo!" "You are a stunner!" "My grandson is a lucky fellah." "Look, what he did." "He went out and found himself an exotic Latina!" "Would that my son had been that lucky." "Here we go again." "What?" "You were a television weatherwoman in Dubuque, Montana." "You drove around in a broken-down minivan and you drank red wine from a box!" "Classy." "You killed him, you know?" " What?" "!" " You killed him." "All the doctors agreed, my son died of terminal disappointment!" "If anybody killed him, you did." "You smothered him to death!" "Nobody was ever good enough for him!" "My God, you look old!" "Fine." "This woman is going to drive me insane." "Now, I'd rather not take all the credit." "You'll get over it." " Okay, I love you." " You're kidding." "This is never gonna end, is it?" "I mean, that's going to be me and you in 30 years." "We'll be doing the exact same thing." "You know what?" "I wanted to marry Kevin because we make each other happy." "But you're never gonna let that happen." "Are you?" "Oh my God." "I can't believe I'm saying this." "You win, Viola." "What do you mean?" "The wedding's off." "Bye, Ruby." "L-I cannot believe she compared me to Gertrude." "I know." "Now that's just wrong." " Thank you." " You are far worse." "I don't recall Gertrude ever trying to poison you." "And I'm pretty sure she wore black to your wedding." "Black." "Yeah, she said she was in mourning." "Mm-hmm." "I just want my son to be happy." "Whatever made you think he wasn't?" "Hey, what are you doing here?" "Don't you know it's bad luck to see the..." "Charlie, what's wrong?" "What is it?" "Are you nervous?" "Hey." " Kevin, I need..." " Charlie," "I need to talk to you." " Viola, stop it!" " It's the flower girls." " They're drunk again." " What?" "Yeah, in the toilet." "Not now, Viola, okay?" "It's really important." "Just give us a minute." "She'll be right there." "Please?" "Charlie, what is it?" "I'll be right back." "What do you want, Viola?" "I don't want you to walk out on this wedding." "You don't?" "No, I don't." "What, am I supposed to believe that you've had some epiphany?" "That all of the sudden, everything is going to be different?" "It's never been about you, Charlie." "It's me." "I've been so afraid of losing him." "He's the only family I've got." "This is my chance for a family, too." " And I'm scared." " Oh!" "Don't blow your chance for happiness." "You've never needed my approval." "He's loved you from the very beginning." "And I promise I will get out of the way and let the two of you be happy." "That's not what I want." "I mean, there just has to be some boundaries, Viola." "I can do boundaries!" "I don't love boundaries but I can do them." "How about the number of times you call Kevin a day?" "Can we limit that to, like, one?" "Oh, I need at least four minimum." " He's 35 years old." " Three?" " Two." " Deal." "Two long-ass calls!" "When Kevin and I have kids, he and I will decide how they're raised." "All right." "But you know I have raised one wonderful boy." " And my advice could be very..." " Will be solicited when needed." "All right, as long as one kid is named after me." " Middle name." " Deal." "What else?" "Holidays and special occasions." "Are you gonna keep me away?" "You must be present for every Christmas," "Thanksgiving, birthday, school play, clarinet recital and soccer game in our kids' lives." "I want you to love them and spoil them and teach them things that Kevin and I can't." "Like how to throw a right hook for example." "I want you there, Viola." "I do, up front and center." "From this point I will not negotiate." "Damn." "That girl can give a nice little speech." "Deal?" "Oh... can they call me "Aunt Viola" instead of "Grandma"?" "Fine." "Come on, unzip me." "Viola, you don't have to wear that dress, really." "Yes, I do." "Really." "Go, Kevin and Charlie!" "Yeah!" "Mom!" "Do you really think I would leave without saying goodbye?" "I love you, Mom." " Thanks for everything." " Go." "Bye, you guys!" "Okay, everybody gather around the back of the car!" "Charlie!" "Charlie, right here!" "Right here, Charlie!" "Sheesh." " Oh, Hawaii!" "I cannot wait!" " I know." "I can't either." "Have a great time in Hawaii!" " Good luck!" " Have fun in Hawaii!" "Just you and me now, Ruby!" "Jesus." "Who did I kill in a past life?" "And take off that damn dress." "You look like a giant peach cobbler." "You're making me hungry." "Come on, weathergirl, I'll buy you a box of wine." "For once in my life" "I have someone who needs me" "Someone I needed so long" "For once, unafraid" "I can go where life leads me" "Somehow I know I'll be strong" "For once, I can touch" "What my heart used to dream of" "Long before I knew" "Oh, someone warm like you" "Would make my dream come true" " Yeah yeah yeah" " For once in our lives" "For once in my life" "I won't let sorrow hurt me" "Not like it's hurt me before" "Not like it's hurt before" "For once, I have something" "I know won't desert me" " I'm not alone anymore" " I'm not alone" "For once, I can say" ""This is mine, you can't take it"" "As long as I know I have love I can make it" "For once in my life" "I have someone who needs me" "Someone who needs me" "Ah-hah-hah, hey yeah!" "Someone who needs me" "All I need is love, baby" "For once in my life" "Make our dreams come true" " For once in my life" " For once in my life" "I won't let sorrow hurt me" " Not like it's hurt me before" " Not like it hurt before" "For once, I have something" "I know won't desert me" " I'm not alone anymore" " I'm not alone anymore" "For once I can say" ""This is mine, you can't take it"" "Long as I know I have love I can make it" "For once in my life" "I have someone who needs me" " Someone who needs me" " Oh" "For once in my life" " Someone who needs me" " Yeah" "Somebody that needs me" " Someone who needs me" " For once in my life." "You can cry a million tears" "You can wait a million years" "If you think that time will change your ways" "Don't wait too long" "When your morning turns to night" "Who'll be loving you by candlelight?" "If you think that time will change your ways" "Don't wait too long" "Maybe I've got a lot to learn" "Time can slip away" "Sometimes you've got to lose it all" "Before you find your way" "Take a chance and play your part" "Make romance, it might break your heart" "But if you think time will change your ways" "Don't wait too long" "Baby, you and I've got a lot to learn" "Don't want to waste another day" "Maybe you got to lose it all" "Before you find your way" "Take a chance, play your part" "Make romance, it might break your heart" "But if you think time will change your ways" "Don't wait too long" "Don't wait" "Yeah." "Gettin' old."
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A man who apparently has a passionate love for nature's most perfect food crashed his car multiple times into a Connecticut gas station this week in order to get a single solitary banana and leisurely eat it. As anyone with an internet connection circa 2002 knows, a man's got to do what a man's got to do when it's peanut butter jelly time.
Police tell The Hartford Courant that the incident happened at the Citgo Gas Station in Newington around 1:45 a.m. Wednesday when the store was closed. They say the suspect repeatedly rammed his station wagon into the building, breaking through the glass. Then the driver got out, took a banana off a shelf, peeled it and ate it. "He didn't appear to be in any rush," said Sgt. Christopher J. Perry.
No other items were stolen from the store during the break-in. Police are still searching for the banana bandit. Below, you can see an exclusive video of the suspect in action:
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Q:
Rate of growth colony of ants
The rate of growth of a colony of ants is proportional to the square root of the size of the population......
Show that if $P$ is the size of the population and $t$ is the time in days then $\dfrac{dP}{dt} = k\sqrt{P}$, where $k$ is a constant.
When $t=0$, $P=100$ and when $t=5$, $P=625$. Find an expression for $P$ as a function of $t$ and the size of the population when $t=10$.
I have integrated the equation, but I can't seem to find a single value for $k$.
A:
By definition, $\frac{dP}{dt}=k\sqrt{P}$. Then we have, $$\frac{dP}{\sqrt{P}}=kt\rightarrow2\sqrt{P}=kt+c\rightarrow P=\frac{(kt+c)^2}{4}.$$ Using the first initial condition, we have, $$100=\frac{c^2}{4}\rightarrow c=20.$$ We can use this $c$ to solve for $k$ then using the second initial condition, after which you can simply plug in the value of $t$ at which you want $P$.
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Q:
Using Kerberos authentication for SQL Server 2008
I am trying to configure my SQL Server to use Kerberos authentication.
My setup is like this -
My setup is like this- I have 2 virtual PCs in a Windows XP Pro SP3 host. Both VPCs are Windows Server 2003 R2. One VPC acts as the DC, DNS Server, DHCP server, has Active Directory installed and the SQL Server default instance is also running on this VPC. The second VPC is the domain member and it acts as the SQL Server client machine.
I configured the SPN on the SQL Server service account to get the Kerberos working.
On the client VPC it seems like it is using Kerberos authentication (as desired)-
C:\Documents and Settings\administrator.SHAREPOINTSVC>sqlcmd -S vm-winsrvr2003
1> select auth_scheme from sys.dm_exec_connections where session_id=@@spid
2> go
auth_scheme
----------------------------------------
KERBEROS
(1 rows affected)
1>
but on the server computer (where the SQL Server instance is actually running) it looks like it is still using NTLM authentication- . This is not a remote instance, the sql server is local to this machine.
C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>sqlcmd
1> select auth_scheme from sys.dm_exec_connections where session_id=@@spid
2> go
auth_scheme
----------------------------------------
NTLM
(1 rows affected)
1>
What can i do so that it uses Kerberos on the server computer as well ? (or is this something that I should not expect)
A:
I don't think Kerberos is used locally, on a service on the same machine NTLM is used.
On any other machine on the same Realm (Domain) Kerberos will be used, except on the same machine of the service.
I think that if you do a program that connects with SQL and on the connection string you use
Integrated Security=SSPI
you might be able to onnect using kerberos (maybe), however I repeat that I don't think Kerberos is used locally.
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Q:
How to identify counterfeit Analog Device products?
Recently I bought two AD9850 DDSs from a friend ( I think he had bought them from his home country).They worked just for minutes! After hours challenging with them, I thought problem is because of my PCB layout and re-designed it. Finally I found out that the device had been a fake one ( my friend said he had bought them with a price much less than the company price!).
Now I want to buy them again but I am afraid of the same scenario. Is there any sign that I can distinguish a fake product from its package?
A:
Your best bet is to always buy from an authorized seller or distributor. You're taking a risk with anyone else.
There are ways to detect whether the device is counterfeit, but this depends on how good of a fake did they counterfeiters made. In some cases the packaging will be different in color (a different shade of white) or will be missing details in the markings, but in general there is not a single way to tell.
If it looks too good to be true, it probably is.
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Introduction {#S1}
============
Self-renewal is the process by which cells make more of themselves and has been ascribed to both normal and malignant stem cell populations ([@R16]; [@R20]). In many cancers, tumor cells are hierarchically organized, with a distinct population of undifferentiated cells exclusively retaining self-renewal and long-term growth potential---these cells are commonly called tumor-propagating cells (TPCs). TPCs are often refractory to conventional chemotherapies, thereby leading to relapse and metastasis ([@R1]). While molecularly defined TPCs have now been identified in many cancers ([@R1]; [@R8]; [@R28]), the molecular pathways that drive cancer stemness, self-renewal, and differentiation arrest are not well understood.
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a common pediatric malignancy that shares morphologic and molecular features with embryonic skeletal muscle ([@R30]). RAS is a major oncogenic driver of the embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS) subtype, with \>90% of patients having activation of this pathway ([@R4]; [@R13]; [@R24]). However, additional pathways are likely required for eliciting full transformation and imparting self-renewal to transformed cells. To date, only a single paper in the literature has defined acquired oncogenic pathways in regulating stem cell pathways in human ERMS, defining important roles for the Hedgehog signaling pathway in regulating TPC number in ERMS ([@R23]). However, despite this pathway being turned on in a fraction of human ERMS, activating mutations in the Hedgehog pathway are uncommon, and the extent to which this pathway contributes to ERMS to drive continued tumor growth by modulating TPC number is under active investigation. As with other tumors that sustain long-term growth through TPCs, it is likely that additional pathways regulate TPC number, growth, and maintenance in human rhabdomyosarcoma.
Zebrafish have become an important animal model to uncover evolutionarily conserved pathways that regulate rhabdomyosarcoma growth, TPC cell number, and self-renewal ([@R5]; [@R8]; [@R13]; reviewed in [@R10]). Using transgenic approaches, we have generated zebrafish that develop embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma that are molecularly and histopathologically similar to human disease ([@R13]). The zebrafish model has also been used to assess tumor cell heterogeneity and to identify functions of molecularly defined cell fractions in driving tumor growth. For example, zebrafish can be created that express fluorescent proteins under control of muscle-specific promoters that are active only during specific states of muscle cell maturation ([@R8]). Using this approach, we have uncovered that *myf5:GFP+/mylz2-mCherry-negative* TPCs share similar characteristics with normal muscle satellite cells, can sustain tumor growth, and are regulated by similar molecular pathways ([@R5]; [@R8]; [@R13]; reviewed in [@R10]).
Building on our knowledge that muscle development, regeneration, and stem cell self-renewal are regulated by the NOTCH1 pathway ([@R6]; [@R11]), we undertook experiments to assess a role for NOTCH1 in regulating human rhabdomyosarcoma growth through specifically affecting TPCs. Our work uncovered important roles for intracellular NOTCH1 (ICN1) signaling in regulating self-renewal, differentiation arrest, and growth in zebrafish, mouse xenografts, and human cell culture. Functional studies showed that SNAIL1 *(SNAI1)* is activated downstream of *ICN1* in human ERMS and stimulated self-renewal and growth, in part, by repressing expression of the muscle differentiation transcription factor *MEF2C*. Our data provide a mechanism by which oncogenic NOTCH1 regulates the overall number and properties of tumor-sustaining cell types in ERMS and provides therapeutic targets for this disease.
Results {#S2}
=======
The Notch1 Pathway Expands the Number of TPCs in Zebrafish ERMS {#S3}
---------------------------------------------------------------
To assess a role for *NOTCH1* signaling in ERMS, we compared zebrafish ERMS cells that express *kRASG12D* with those that co-express both *kRASG12D* and *intracellular-activated NOTCH1* (*ICN1*)([Figures 1A and 1B](#F1){ref-type="fig"}). Gene expression analysis confirmed that transgenic *ICN1* was expressed at physiological levels found in normal development ([Figure S1A](#SD1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}). Primary ERMS onset, penetrance, and tumor size did not differ between tumors arising in *kRASG12D* or *kRASG12D+ICN1*-expressing fish ([Figures 1C and 1D](#F1){ref-type="fig"}). However, following the cell transplantation of equal numbers of ERMS cells into syngeneic CG1 recipients (1 × 10^4^ cells per fish), fluorescent-labeled *ICN1-*expressing tumors grew qualitatively faster and had increased penetrance of disease ([Figures 1E--1G](#F1){ref-type="fig"}; p = 0.012, log-rank/Mantel-Cox test). *ICN1*-expressing ERMS also expressed significantly higher levels of muscle stem cell genes, including *myf5*, *pax7a*, and *c-met* ([Figure 1H](#F1){ref-type="fig"}). This gene signature is highly and specifically expressed in the *myf5-GFP+* ERMS TPCs ([@R8]). *ICN1*-expressing ERMS also exhibited a 23-fold increase in TPCs when assessed by bulk limit dilution cell transplantation into syngeneic recipient animals ([Table S1](#SD1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}; n = 4 tumors per group; p \< 0.000001, extreme limiting dilution analysis \[ELDA\]). Our results have uncovered a dominant role for *NOTCH1* signaling in elevating the TPC number in zebrafish *kRASG12D*-induced ERMS.
One explanation of our results is that *ICN1* may expand the number of previously defined *myf5-GFP+* TPCs ([@R8]). To directly test this hypothesis, we generated ERMS in syngeneic *myf5-GFP/mylz2-mCherry* transgenic fish. These fluorescent transgenic lines have been previously used to show that tumor-propagating activity is exclusively confined to the *myf5-GFP+/mylz2-negative* ERMS cells ([@R8]). Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis revealed that primary *ICN1*-expressing ERMS had a 3-fold increase in the numbers of *myf5-GFP+/mylz2-negative* cells while also decreasing the more differentiated *mylz2-mcherry+* ERMS cells ([Figures 1I--1P](#F1){ref-type="fig"}; n = 5 tumors per group; p = 0.013, Student\'s t test). Similar results were observed in ERMS that developed in transplant recipient fish ([Figures 1Q--1V](#F1){ref-type="fig"}; n = 5 independent tumors per group; p \< 0.001, Student\'s t test). Importantly, the *myf5-GFP+/mylz2-negative* ERMS cells continued to retain tumor-propagating activity when assessed by limiting dilution cell transplantation ([Figure 2H](#F2){ref-type="fig"}; [Table S2](#SD1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}). Thus, ICN1 pathway activation expands the number of classically defined *myf5-GFP+/mylz2-negative* TPCs that have been previously shown to drive the growth of zebrafish *kRASG12D*-induced ERMS ([@R8]).
*ICN1* Confers Tumor-Propagating Activity to Mid-differentiated ERMS Cells {#S4}
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
*ICN1* increased molecularly defined *myf5-GFP+/mylz2-negative* TPCs 3-fold when compared with tumors that express only *kRASG12D*, yet *ICN1*-expressing ERMS cells had a 23-fold increase in TPCs when assessed by limiting dilution cell transplantation. These data suggested that *ICN1* could confer tumor-propagating ability to more differentiated ERMS cells. Mid-differentiated *myf5-GFP+/mylz2-mcherry+* ERMS from *ICN1*-expressing tumors expressed early muscle progenitor markers, including *myf5*, *c-met*, and *m-cadherin* yet retained more differentiated muscle gene expression, including *myoD*, *myogenin*, *mylz2*, *tnni2a*, *actc1b*,and *myh9a* ([Figures S1B--S1N](#SD1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}). We had previously shown that proliferation largely resided in the *myf5-GFP+/mylz2-mCherry*-*negative* ERMS population in *kRASG12D*-driven ERMS ([@R8]). By contrast, both the *myf5-GFP+/mylz2-mCherry*-*negative* and the mid-differentiated, double-positive cells from *ICN1*-expressing ERMS were highly proliferative when assessed for EDU incorporation following a 6-hr pulse ([Figures S1S--S1U](#SD1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}). These data suggest that mid-differentiated cells likely drive continued tumor growth in ICN1-expressing ERMS and that TPC function could be imparted to more differentiated ERMS cells.
To directly assess whether more differentiated ICN1-expressing ERMS cells had gained tumor-propagating potential, highly purified ERMS sub-populations were isolated by FACS and implanted into syngeneic recipient fish at limiting dilution (purity \> 86.6%, and viability \> 86.9%; [Figure 2A](#F2){ref-type="fig"}). Consistent with previous findings ([@R8]), the *myf5-GFP+/mylz2-mCherry*-*negative* ERMS sub-population engrafted into recipient fish with no differences in engraftment frequencies between *kRASG12D* and *kRASG12D + ICN1*-expressing tumors ([Figures 2B--2D, 2H](#F2){ref-type="fig"}, and [S2A--S2E; Table S2](#SD1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}; n = 5 tumors analyzed). By contrast, the mid-differentiated *myf5-GFP+/mylz2-mCherry+ ICN1-*expressing ERMS cells could also now robustly engraft a tumor (p \< 0.01; [Figures 2E--2H](#F2){ref-type="fig"} and [S2F-- S2J; Table S2](#SD1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}). Serial transplantation experiments confirmed that both ICN1-expressing ERMS cell populations had long-term engraftment capacity ([Figures S2F--S2P; Table S2](#SD1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}).
One potential cellular mechanism by which mid-differentiated ERMS cells can drive tumor growth is to undergo de-differentiation and become classically defined *myf5-GFP+/mylz2-mcherry-negative* self-renewing TPCs. To test this possibility, we isolated highly purified mid-differentiated *myf5-GFP+/mylz2-mCherry+* ERMS cells (97.5% sort purity, \>95% viable) and transplanted 10--20 cells into recipient fish. The calculated probability of en-grafting a tumor from a single TPC was calculated at \>99.7% ([Table S3](#SD1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}). Sort purity was independently confirmed by confocal microscopy (n = 100 of 100 tumor cells were G+R+ \[*myf5-GFP+/mylz2-mCherry+*\]), obviating the possibility of contamination by classically defined *myf5-GFP+/mylz2-mCherry-negative* TPCs. Highly purified double-positive ERMS cells engrafted robustly and made ERMS tumors that contained all fluorescent tumor cell subfractions, including the less differentiated *myf5-GFP+/mylz2-mCherry-negative* ERMS cells (n = 3 of 3; [Figures S2Q-- S2V; Table S3](#SD1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}). Taken together, we conclude that *ICN1* imparts tumor-propagating potential to mid-differentiated cells and enables these same cells to oscillate between cellular states, leading to the production of less differentiated ERMS cells that can self-renew and drive tumor growth.
NOTCH1 Regulates Cell Growth, Self-Renewal, and Differentiation in Human ERMS {#S5}
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
To extend our findings to human ERMS, we first analyzed transcript expression of *NOTCH1* in primary patient tumors and uncovered that *NOTCH1* was highly expressed in 60% of both human alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS) and ERMS when compared with normal muscle controls ([Figure 3A](#F3){ref-type="fig"}). Importantly, transcript expression of well-known downstream targets of NOTCH1 was also concordantly deregulated, including *NOTCH3*, *HEY1*, and *JAGGED1* ([Figures S3A--S3D](#SD1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}). Real-time qPCR of primary human rhabdomyosarcoma independently confirmed that *NOTCH1* was highly expressed in a majority of tumors (n = 8 of 12 samples expressed a \>4-fold increase in *NOTCH1* when compared with normal muscle; [Figure 3B](#F3){ref-type="fig"}; [Table S4](#SD1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}). Next, ICN1 protein expression was assessed in a panel of human rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines, and we uncovered that all rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines expressed activated ICN1 to varying degrees (n = 9; [Figure 4C](#F4){ref-type="fig"}). Finally, high *NOTCH1* expression was associated with reduced survival and poor outcome in human rhabdomyosarcoma patients (p = 0.013, log-rank statistic; [Figure 3C](#F3){ref-type="fig"}). Rhabdomyosarcoma subtypes also exhibited a trend toward worse outcome based on high NOTCH1 expression ([Figures S3E and S3F](#SD1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}), yet these analyses failed to reach statistical significance due to small sample sizes. We conclude that *NOTCH1* signaling is found in a large fraction of human ERMS, likely identifying a group of high-risk patients.
To test the function of *ICN1* in human ERMS, we next performed knockdown of NOTCH1 using three different short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) in RD and SMS-CTR cell lines, both of which are ERMS, have activating RAS mutations, and express high levels of ICN1 ([Figures 3D--3H](#F3){ref-type="fig"} and [S3G--S3J](#SD1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}). All three shRNA constructs reduced ICN1 expression ([Figures 3D](#F3){ref-type="fig"} and [S3G](#SD1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}). shRNA knockdown that reduced ICN1 expression by 90% led to loss of proliferation and cell death in RD lines ([Figure 3H](#F3){ref-type="fig"}). By contrast, knockdown of ICN1 using two additional shRNAs resulted in 41%--71% reduction in ICN1 protein expression, yet it had significant effects on reducing growth ([Figures 3F, 3G](#F3){ref-type="fig"}, and [S3H--S3J](#SD1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}). Following stable knockdown of ICN1 using these two shRNAs, both RD and SMS-CTR cells acquired morphological and gene expression changes associated with differentiation, while scrambled shRNA controls had no effect ([Figures 3I--3M](#F3){ref-type="fig"} and [S3K](#SD1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}). These results are consistent with those reported previously by the C.M.L. group who identified roles for NOTCH1 in regulating differentiation arrest in human rhabdomyosarcoma ([@R2]).
To test the role of ICN1 on regulating TPC number, we next used sphere formation assays under minimal growth factor conditions, a surrogate for assessing tumor-propagating activity in vivo ([@R28]). Knockdown of NOTCH1 with two independent shRNAs resulted in significantly reduced sphere formation in both RD and SMS-CTR cells (p \< 0.01, Student\'s t test; [Figures 3N--3Q](#F3){ref-type="fig"} and [S3L--S3N](#SD1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}). Furthermore, pharmacologic inhibition of NOTCH1 using the gamma-secretase inhibitor dibenzaze-pine (DBZ) reduced sphere formation in a human PDX ERMS (p \< 0.05, Student\'s t test; [Figure 3R](#F3){ref-type="fig"}). These results were independently confirmed in RD cells, where DBZ treatment reduced ICN1 protein expression ([Figure 3S](#F3){ref-type="fig"}, bottom), enhanced differentiation as assessed by myosin heavy-chain (MF20) staining ([Figures S3P--S3R](#SD1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}), and reduced colony formation following 10 days of drug treatment (p \< 0.001, Student\'s t test; [Figure 3W](#F3){ref-type="fig"}). Conversely, gain-of-function experiments using constitutively active NOTCH1ΔE resulted in a 10-fold increase in sphere-forming ability in RD cells ([Figures 3S, 3U, and 3W](#F3){ref-type="fig"}; p \< 0.001, Student\'s t test). Because the membrane-bound NOTCH1ΔE requires cleavage by γ-secretase to become activated, we verified the specificity of our results by treating these cells with DBZ. DBZ treatment reduced sphere colony formation back to near-wild-type DMSO-treated control cells (p \< 0.0001, Student\'s t test; [Figures 3V and 3W](#F3){ref-type="fig"}). Our results establish a major role for the NOTCH1 signaling pathway in regulating TPC function and growth in human ERMS, consistent with our findings from the zebrafish model.
*NOTCH1* Regulates *SNAI1* to Modulate TPC Function in Human ERMS {#S6}
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Gene expression studies were completed to identify potential downstream targets of *ICN1*. Not surprisingly, a subset of known *NOTCH1* target genes were reduced following shRNA knockdown of *ICN1* in both RD and SMS-CTR cell lines (*NOTCH3*, p = 0.001; *HEY1*, p = 0.02; and *JAGGED1*, p = 0.001, Student\'s t test; [Figures 4A](#F4){ref-type="fig"} and [S4A](#SD1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}) ([@R2]; [@R22]). *SNAI1*, *SNAI2*, and *SOX9* were also highly expressed in ERMS tumors and cell lines, compared to normal muscle; however, only *SNAI1* mRNA and protein expression were reproducibly reduced following shRNA knockdown in both RD and SMS-CTR cells ([Figures 4A, 4B](#F4){ref-type="fig"}, [S4A, and S4B](#SD1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}). Transcriptional analysis of zebrafish ERMS had previously shown that *snai1a* and *snai2* were highly and specifically expressed in the TPC cell population in RAS-driven ERMS ([@R13]). These same factors were also upregulated in ICN1-expressing ERMS and were highly expressed in both the *myf5-GFP+/mylz2-mCherry*-*negative* and mid-differentiated *myf5-GFPmylz2-mCherry+* subpopulations in ICN1+ ERMS ([Figures S1Q and S1R](#SD1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}) ([@R13]). Since *SNAI1-*related family members have been implicated in regulating self-renewal in both normal and malignant stem cells in the breast epithelium ([@R15]; [@R31]), we reasoned that these factors might be downstream targets of ICN1 and regulate self-renewal in human ERMS.
Remarkably, rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines expressing high ICN1 also co-expressed high SNAI1 protein, correlating well with graded gene expression between the two factors ([Figure 4C](#F4){ref-type="fig"}). Gene expression analysis also uncovered a high correlation of *SNAI1* and *NOTCH1* transcript co-expression in human primary rhabdomyosarcoma ([Figure 4D](#F4){ref-type="fig"}; p \< 0.0001; Pearson correlation, 0.604). This correlation was even higher than well-known *NOTCH1* target genes *NOTCH3* and *HEY1* ([Figure 4D](#F4){ref-type="fig"}). Additional gene expression studies confirmed that high-*NOTCH1*-expressing primary tumors also had high *SNAI1* ([Figure 4E](#F4){ref-type="fig"}; n = 8 of 8). Finally, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) experiments showed that *SNAI1* was a direct transcriptional target of NOTCH1, with NOTCH1 binding enriched \>15-fold within a 1-kb region upstream of the *SNAI1* promoter ([Figure 4F](#F4){ref-type="fig"}; p \< 0.01).
We also assessed whether *NOTCH1* signaling was correlated with Hedgehog and canonical WNT/b-catenin signaling pathways previously shown to be associated with stemness and differentiation in rhabdomyosarcoma ([@R5]; [@R23]; [@R33]). We found that *NOTCH1* transcript expression highly correlated with *GLI3* and, to a lesser extent, with *GLI1*; however, *NOTCH1* expression did not correlate with either *PTCH1* or *PTCH2*, or with Hedgehog-associated embryonic stem cell gene *NANOG*, suggesting that Notch and Hedgehog programs may regulate distinct self-renewal programs in rhabdomyosarcoma ([Figures S4D and S4E](#SD1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}). Similarly, there was no correlation between *NOTCH1* and canonical WNT target genes *AXIN2* and *DKK1* or stem cell genes previously identified to drive TPC growth in human rhabdomyosarcoma, including *NANOG*, *POU5F1*,or *SOX2*. Together, these results show that *SNAI1* is a bona fide downstream target of *NOTCH1* in ERMS and suggest non-overlapping roles for the *NOTCH1/SNAI1* axis in regulating stem cell programs that drive tumor growth.
We next assessed roles for *SNAI1* in regulating ERMS differentiation and self-renewal using shRNA knockdown in both RD and SMS-CTR cells. Similar to NOTCH1 knockdown, SNAI1 loss also resulted in reductions in cell number and acquisition of morphological characteristics associated with differentiation (three independent shRNAs; [Figures 5A--5E](#F5){ref-type="fig"} and [S5A--S5E](#SD1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}). Stable knockdown moderately decreased SNAI1 protein expression ([Figure 5F](#F5){ref-type="fig"}) yet had profound effects on increasing differentiation and reducing ERMS self-renewal in sphere colony formation assays performed in RD cells (p \< 0.01, Student\'s t test; [Figures 5F--5N](#F5){ref-type="fig"}). Consistent with *SNAI1* regulating self-renewal, expressing *SNAI1* using tamoxifen-inducible *SNAI1* (SNAI1ERSS) ([@R9]) resulted in enhanced sphere formation (p \< 0.001, Student\'s t test; [Figures 5O](#F5){ref-type="fig"} and [S5F--S5H](#SD1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}). Finally, epistasis experiments were completed to show that *SNAI1* is downstream of NOTCH1. For example, stable knockdown of *ICN1* led to increased differentiation in RD and SMS-CTR cells. Following the addition of 4-hydroxytamoxifen and activation of SNAI1ERSS activity in these cells, differentiation was blocked ([Figure S5I](#SD1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}). Similarly, reducing ICN1 levels with DBZ in RD cells resulted in reduced sphere colony formation, which was rescued by activation of the SNAI1ERSS construct ([Figures 5P-5T](#F5){ref-type="fig"} and [S5J](#SD1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}; p \< 0.001, Student\'s t test). These experiments show that *SNAI1* is activated downstream of *NOTCH1* and is required for regulating self-renewal and differentiation of human ERMS.
*NOTCH1* and *SNAI1* Are Required for ERMS Xenograft Growth and Maintenance {#S7}
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Given that *NOTCH1* and *SNAI1* have potent effects on ERMS self-renewal in vitro, we expected that inactivation of either factor would result in reduced xenograft growth in mice. As expected, knockdown of either *NOTCH1* or *SNAI1* significantly impaired RD xenograft growth when compared with scrambled-control-infected cells ([Figures 6A--6C, 6I--6K](#F6){ref-type="fig"}, [S6A--S6E, and S6F--S6J](#SD1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}; p \< 0.001). By 30 days post-transplantation, 9 of 12 *NOTCH1* knockdown tumors had fully regressed, while all control tumors had grown substantially ([Figures 6A and 6B](#F6){ref-type="fig"}). Similarly, knockdown of *SNAI1* in RD cells using two different shRNAs resulted in significantly reduced tumor growth in vivo when assessed by luciferase imaging at 21 days and after tumors were palpable ([Figures 6I--6K](#F6){ref-type="fig"} and [S6F--S6J](#SD1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}; p \< 0.001, two-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett\'s multiple comparisons test).
At necropsy, tumors isolated from *NOTCH1* and *SNAI1* knockdown xenografts weighed significantly less ([Figures 6C and 6K](#F6){ref-type="fig"}; p \< 0.001, Student\'s t test). Tumors were stained by H&E and revealed loss of cellularity in both *ICN1* and *SNAI1* knockdown tumors ([Figures 6D, 6E, 6L, and 6M](#F6){ref-type="fig"}). Further, KI67 staining revealed that both *NOTCH1* and *SNAI1* knockdown tumors were significantly less proliferative when compared to scrambled-control-shRNA-expressing RD cells ([Figures 6F--6H, 6N--6P](#F6){ref-type="fig"}; p \< 0.002, Student\'s t test). Together, these data support roles for *ICN1* and *SNAI1* in regulating continued tumor growth and maintenance in vivo.
*MEF2C* Is Repressed by *NOTCH1/SNAI1* Signaling and, when Activated, Leads to ERMS Differentiation and a Loss of Self-Renewal {#S8}
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Finally, we explored the downstream molecular pathways deregulated by *NOTCH1/SNAI1* to uncover how this signaling axis regulates differentiation and self-renewal. [@R14] have elegantly shown that promyogenic factors *JDP2*, *MEF2C*, and *RUNX1* are actively repressed in human ERMS RD cells and, when reactivated, can potently induce differentiation. Remarkably, expression of *RUNX1* and *JDP2* were unaffected by *NOTCH1 or SNAI1* knockdown, while only *MEF2C* was re-expressed ([Figures 7A and 7B](#F7){ref-type="fig"}). Further, gene expression analysis showed that *MEF2C* was expressed at lower levels in both human ERMS and ARMS when compared to normal muscle ([Figure 7C](#F7){ref-type="fig"}; p \< 0.001, Student\'s t test). An immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis confirmed that MEF2C was expressed in only a small fraction of human ERMS cells ([Figure 7D](#F7){ref-type="fig"}), yet constitutively active NOTCH1ΔE could further reduce MEF2C+ cell numbers by 2.5-fold (p \< 0.01, Student\'s t test; [Figure 7D](#F7){ref-type="fig"}). Conversely, knockdown of either *NOTCH1 or SNAI1* resulted in increased numbers of MEF2C+ cells when assessed by IHC analysis (p \< 0.001; [Figures 7E and 7F](#F7){ref-type="fig"}).
To confirm that MEF2C is a downstream target of the *NOTCH1/SNAI1* signaling axis, epistasis experiments were completed. Knockdown of MEF2C in the setting of NOTCH1 silencing lead to reduced differentiation of ERMS cells (p \< 0.01, [Figures 7G and 7H](#F7){ref-type="fig"}). To test whether MEF2C was able to modulate differentiation and self-renewal of ERMS, we next engineered cells to express a doxycycline-inducible form of MEF2C. Following the overexpression of MEF2C, RD cells underwent terminal differentiation and expressed high levels of myosin heavy chain ([Figure 7I and 7J](#F7){ref-type="fig"}). MEF2C also had important roles in modulating self-renewal in sphere colony formation assays where elevated MEF2C expression resulted in a 50% reduction in sphere colony formation ([Figure 7K](#F7){ref-type="fig"}; p \< 0.01, Student\'s t test). Finally, we performed additional epistasis experiments to show that SNAI1 is downstream of NOTCH1 and regulates MEF2C-induced differentiation ([Figure 7L](#F7){ref-type="fig"}). RD cells expressing a tamoxifen-inducible SNAI1 construct were treated with or without DBZ to suppress NOTCH1 activity. As expected, DBZ reduced ICN1 levels concomitant with elevated differentiation and expression of both MEF2C and myosin heavy chain. Following the reactivation of SNAI1 by treating cells with tamoxifen, differentiation was severely impaired, with reduction in both MEF2C and myosin heavy chain protein expression, indicating that NOTCH1 signaling through SNAI1 leads to the block of ERMS differentiation ([Figure 7L](#F7){ref-type="fig"}). Gene expression analysis of zebrafish ICN1-expressing ERMS also suggested the use of this molecular pathway in regulating differentiation and TPC self-renewal ([Figure S7](#SD1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}). In total, our experiments show that the *NOTCH1/SNAI1* axis suppresses *MEF2C* expression, locking cells in a less differentiated cell state while elevating the overall self-renewal potential of rhabdomyosarcoma.
Discussion {#S9}
==========
Only a single report in the literature has assessed a role for ICN1 in regulating human ERMS growth in vivo, which was largely attributed to regulation of the downstream transcriptional activation of *HEY1* ([@R2]). Despite these studies uncovering important roles for NOTCH1 in regulating rhabdomyosarcoma growth, roles for *NOTCH1* or *HEY1* in regulating stem cell programs that elevate overall numbers of TPCs was not reported. Rather, our work has uncovered prominent oncogenic roles for NOTCH1 in regulating the balance between ERMS self-renewal and differentiation, prominently impacting overall tumor growth. Remarkably, using the exceptional ability of our in vivo zebrafish ERMS model to differentially label ERMS tumor cells based on molecularly defined differentiation states, we also show that NOTCH1 pathway activation can break the rigid muscle stem cell hierarchies and modulate cell-state transitions between TPC and differentiated, non-proliferative cell populations. Importantly, these oscillating cell-state transitions are absent in ERMS expressing *kRAG12D* alone and differ markedly from the well-described roles for Notch1 in regulating symmetric stem cell divisions within the muscle satellite cell pool that increases the overall number of stem cells after injury ([@R6]; [@R11]).
Our in vivo findings that the *NOTCH1* pathway breaks rigid stem cell hierarchies and can modulate cell-state transitions in ERMS was unexpected. Plasticity of the stem cell fate is an uncommon phenomenon, with only a few reports published in normal and malignant contexts. For example, in vivo cell-lineage tracing of intestinal epithelial cells was used to show that differentiated cells can repopulate the stem cell niche only after injury by de-differentiating into stem cells ([@R3]). Similar reports have now been seen in the lung and the liver where NOTCH1 can directly reprogram differentiated cells into less differentiated progenitors that drive regeneration ([@R12]; [@R32]). In melanoma, tumor cells can oscillate between stem-cell-like states by expressing JARIDB ([@R21]), reconciling the lack of cell-surface markers that identify pure populations of TPCs and suggesting that extreme cell-state transitions and plasticity can be found in a subset of cancers ([@R18]). To date, many of these studies lack plausible molecular mechanisms to account for these shifting cell fates. In ERMS, we show that the *NOTCH1/SNAI1/MEF2C* pathway regulates self-renewal and de-differentiation. Further, given the overall high conservation of molecular pathways used in normal and malignant muscle, we posit that ICN1 may have similar roles in de-differentiating myoblasts during injury into functional stem cells.
We have found that *NOTCH1* transcriptionally regulates *SNAI1*, a neural crest cell and EMT (epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition)-expressed factor whose expression and function in muscle is largely unexplored. Rather surprisingly, we find that *SNAI1* is highly expressed in rhabdomyosarcoma tumors and that knocking it down reduces self-renewal and growth while elevating tumor differentiation. Our understanding of *SNAI1* function is largely defined in neural crest cells, cancers of epithelial origin, and endothelial cells, where it is found to function as a transcriptional repressor that is also a part of chromatin-modifying complexes that regulate cell motility and EMT ([@R17]; [@R26]). However, *SNAI1* and other EMT factors have also been recently implicated in regulating stemness in normal and malignant breast epithelial tissues. For example, [@R15] explored the relationship between EMT factors and stemness in immortalized human mammary epithelial cells and discovered that the EMT program can reinitiate stem cell features, including the ability to form mammo-spheres and to increase efficiency of engraftment in vivo. Building on these findings, [@R7] and [@R31] found that an EMT network directed by *SNAI2* can regulate mammary stem cell properties in vitro and that co-expression of *SNAI2* and *SOX9* in human breast cancer cells enhanced tumorigenic ability and metastatic spread. In addition to regulating stemness and EMT-associated processes in epithelial tumors, our findings point to *SNAI1* function in regulating stemness in ERMS.
In ERMS, *SNAI1* modulates stem cell self-renewal programs by suppressing the expression of *MEF2C*, a well-known transcriptional activator that binds MYOD-binding sites and is required for robust terminal differentiation of myoblasts ([@R14]). Thus far, only a single report implicates a role for *SNAI1* in regulating *MYOD* transcriptional networks during muscle differentiation. In this report, [@R25] found that SNAI1 preferentially binds at GC-rich E-box elements enriched in differentiating myotubes, thereby competing with MYOD for access to enhancers and promoters that regulate myoblast differentiation. Our work has uncovered unexpected roles for *MEF2C* in blocking self-renewal in addition to enhancing differentiation in human ERMS, suggesting that *MEF2C* acts as a molecular switch that regulates both self-renewal and differentiation programs downstream of *NOTCH1* and *SNAI1*. Indeed, others have shown that *MEF2C* is poorly expressed in human ERMS and, when re-expressed, leads to potent differentiation of RD cells ([@R14]). Thus, it appears that differentiation is not just the default state of rhabdomyosarcoma cells that exit the cell cycle. Rather, once differentiation programs are initiated by MEF2C, self-renewal programs are actively turned off, suggesting important insights into how self-renewal and differentiation programs are reciprocally regulated in muscle and rhabdomyosarcoma growth.
Our results are particularly important, as NOTCH1 inhibitory antibodies are now being assessed in preclinical models that have increased specificity and less gastrointestinal toxicity as pan-g-secretase inhibitors ([@R29]), raising hope that these strategies might be applied to the treatment of rhabdomyosarcoma in the future. Finally, given the importance of *NOTCH1* as an oncogene in other cancers ([@R19]), it is likely that similar effects on self-renewal, stemness, and cell-state transitions will be observed in other Notch-driven tumors.
Experimental Procedures {#S10}
=======================
Animals {#S11}
-------
Animal studies were approved by the Massachusetts General Hospital Subcommittee on Research Animal Care under protocols \#2011-N-000127 (zebrafish) and \#2013N000038 (mouse) and by the Partners Human Research Committee under institutional review board (IRB) protocol \#2009-P-002756 (human).
Zebrafish used in this work include: CG1 strain, *myf5*-GFP transgenic zebrafish, *myf5-GFP/mylz2-mCherry* double-transgenic CG1-strain syngeneic zebrafish ([@R8]). NOD (non-obese diabetic)/SCID (severe combined immunodeficiency)/IL2g null mice used in this study were obtained from Jackson Laboratory.
Micro-injection and ERMS Generation {#S12}
-----------------------------------
The *rag2-kRASG12D*, *rag2-ICN1* (zebrafish intracellular notch1a), *rag2-GFP*, and *rag2-dsREDexpress* constructs were linearized with *Xho1*, phenol:chloroform extracted, ethanol precipitated, resuspended in 0.5 × Tris-EDTA + 0.1 M KCl, and injected into one-cell-stage embryos of the respective backgrounds, as previously described ([@R13]).
Quantification of Zebrafish Rhabdomyosarcoma Size and Initiation {#S13}
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Zebrafish were followed for tumor onset using an epifluorescent stereomicro-scope. Primary tumor size was quantified at 30 days of age using fluorescence intensity multiplied by the pixel area using the ImageJ software package as described previously ([@R5]). Kaplan-Meier tumor onset analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism software.
FACS and ERMS Cell Transplantation {#S14}
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Zebrafish ERMS tumor cells were fluorescently labeled with GFP, dsRED, or mCherry and stained with DAPI to exclude dead cells and were sorted twice using a Laser BD FACSAria II Cell Sorter. Sort purity and viability were assessed after two rounds of sorting when possible, exceeding 85% and 95%, respectively. Sorted ERMS cells were transplanted into syngeneic CG1 fish and monitored for tumor engraftment under a fluorescent dissecting microscope from 10 to 120 days post-transplantation. TPC frequency was quantified using the Extreme Limiting Dilution Analysis software (<http://bioinf.wehi>. edu.au/software/elda/).
Gene Expression Analysis {#S15}
------------------------
Real-time qPCR was completed using the Roche Lightcycler 480 machine. PCR primers and specific conditions are provided in [Table S5 and Supplemental Experimental Procedures](#SD1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}. RNA isolation and cDNA preparation were performed as previously described ([@R5]).
Bioinformatic Analysis of Human Rhabdomyosarcoma Samples {#S16}
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Previously published transcriptome data from 65 ERMS samples ([@R24]) were processed using a standard Tuxedo pipeline ([@R27]). The resulting gene expression were log~2~ transformed and standardized (*Z* scored) using a set of 63 normal tissue samples. Using the "Hmisc" package in R, the Pearson correlation was determined for specific genes.
Human Rhabdomyosarcoma Cell Lines and PDX Tumor {#S17}
-----------------------------------------------
The human RD cell line was obtained from the ATCC; SMS-CTR, 381T, Rh3, Rh5, and Rh30 cell lines were obtained from Dr. Corinne Linardic; the Rh18 (fusion-negative) cell line was obtained from Dr. Peter Houghton; and RMS176 and RMS559 ERMS cells were obtained from Dr. Jonathan Fletcher. The ERMS PDX tumor PCB00234 was obtained from Dr. Charles Keller under IRB protocol \#2009-P-002756 and Partners Institutional Biosafety Committee (PIBC) \#2012B000024.
Western Blot Analysis {#S18}
---------------------
Total cell lysates from human rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines and human myoblasts were obtained following lysis in 2% SDS lysis buffer supplemented with protease inhibitors (Santa Cruz Biotechnology). Western blot analysis used primary antibodies: rabbit a-NOTCH1 (Abcam), a-Cleaved NOTCH1 (Cell Signaling Technology), a-SNAI1 goat pAB (R&D Systems), a-Myosin Heavy Chain mouse mAb (monoclonal antibody) myosin heavy chain (a-MF20, R&D), MEF2C rabbit mAb (CST); and secondary antibodies: HRP (horseradish peroxidase) anti-rabbit (CST, 7074) or HRP anti-mouse (GE Healthcare, NA93IV). Membranes were developed using an ECL reagent (Western Lightning Plus ECL, PerkinElmer; or sensitive SuperSignal West Femto Maximum Sensitivity Substrate, Thermo Scientific). Membranes were striped, rinsed, and re-probed with the respective internal control rabbit a-Lamin B1 (Abcam) or rabbit a-GAPDH (CST).
ChIP Assay {#S19}
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Chromatin from 5 × 10^6^ RD cells was isolated and fixed with 1% formaldehyde, sonicated, and processed according to the manufacturer\'s protocols (ChIP Assay Kit, Millipore). Immunoprecipitation was performed using 5 mg rabbit anti-NOTCH1 antibody (Abcam) or rabbit immunoglobulin G (IgG) and Pierce Protein A/G Agarose (Thermo Scientific). The immunoprecipitated DNA was subjected to real-time PCR with primers that target the SNAI1 promoter with negative controls in a region 7.5 kb upstream and an ORF (open reading frame)-free region in chromosome 6. All signals were normalized against input by the percentage input calculation method and normalized to IgG signal. Significance was calculated by Student\'s t test.
Immunofluorescence Staining {#S20}
---------------------------
Cells were fixed at 72 hr post-transfection in 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA)/PBS, permeabilized in 0.5% Triton X-100/PBS, and incubated with rabbit a-MEF2C (CST) and a-myosin heavy chain (R&D) in 2% goat serum/PBS. Secondary antibody detection used Alexa 488 goat anti-mouse and Alexa Fluor 594 goat anti-rabbit (Invitrogen). Cells were counterstained with DAPI (1:10,000) and imaged. Images were processed in ImageJ and Adobe Photoshop.
Lentiviral, Retroviral, and siRNA Knockdown {#S21}
-------------------------------------------
Scrambled control shRNA and gene-specific shRNAs were delivered on the pLKO.1-background vector and packaged using 293T cells. Retroviral particles were made in Plat-A packaging cells using FuGENE6 (Promega). rhabdomyosarcoma cells were infected with viral particles for 24 hr at 37°C with 4 μg/mL of polybrene (EMD Millipore). Gene-specific smart-pool or control small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) (Dharmacon, GE Life Sciences) (1 pmol) were reverse-transfected into cells using Lipofectamine RNAiMAX Transfection Reagent (Life Technologies) in flat, clear-bottom 96-well plates.
Mouse Xenografts, Bioluminescent Imaging, and Caliper Measurements {#S22}
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Luciferized RD cells were co-infected with shRNA lentivirus as outlined earlier. At 3 days post-infection, cells were collected, counted, and analyzed by flow cytometry to determine viability using DAPI. Equal numbers of viable cells were then embedded into Matrigel at a final concentration of 1 × 10^6^ cells per 100 μL and injected subcutaneously into anesthetized mice. Tumor growth was monitored weekly using bioluminescence imaging following injection using Luciferin at 75 mg/kg (15 mg/mL injected intraperitoneally). Comparison between groups was performed using a Student\'s t test. When palpable, tumors were measured using a caliper scale to measure the greatest diameter and length, which were then used to calculate tumor volume.
Supplementary Material {#S23}
======================
This work was funded by NIH grants R01CA154923, R24OD016761, and U54CA168512 (to D.M.L.) and grants K99CA175184 (to M.S.I.); the Harvard Stem Cell Institute (to D.M.L.); Alex\'s Lemonade Stand Foundation (to D.M.L. and M.S.I.); a St. Baldrick\'s Research Grant (to D.M.L.); and a CPRIT grant RR160062 (to M.S.I.). We thank the Specialized Histopathology Services at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) and the Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center (P30 CA06516), the MGH Cancer Center/Molecular Pathology Confocal Core, and the MGH CNY Flow Cytometry Core and Flow Image Analysis (1S10RR023440-01A1).
**Supplemental Information:** Supplemental Information includes [Supplemental Experimental Procedures](#SD1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}, seven figures, and five tables and can be found with this article online at <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2017.05.061>.
**Author Contributions:** M.S.I. and D.M.L. conceived, designed, and conducted the study; analyzed data; and prepared the manuscript. C.K., D.M.L., J.K., and D.M. recommended experiments and edited the manuscript. M.S.I., M.N.H., R.L., and K.M.M. performed most of the experiments. R.L., S.S., and J.K. performed bioinformatic and statistical analyses. E.Y.C. and P.G.N. performed histopathological analysis; P.S., A.J., Z.M., A.D.D., B.C.B., M.S.A., K.S., C.M.L., A.M., S.R., D.B., K.S., and D.M. helped with in vivo experiments, real-time qPCR, and data analysis.
{ref-type="supplementary-material"}.](nihms880402f1){#F1}
{ref-type="supplementary-material"}.](nihms880402f2){#F2}
{ref-type="supplementary-material"}.](nihms880402f3){#F3}
{ref-type="fig"}.\
(C) Western blot analysis showing ICN1 and SNAI1 co-expression across human rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines.\
(D) Pearson correlation between the expression of *NOTCH1*, *NOTCH3*, *SNAI1*, *SNAI2*, *HES1*, *HEY1*, and *MEF2C* in primary human ERMS assessed by RNA-sequencing analysis.\
(E) qPCR gene expression of *SNAI1* performed on skeletal muscle (SM), human rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines, and primary rhabdomyosarcoma. TBP, TATA box-binding protein.\
(F) ChIP assay in RD ERMS cells followed by qPCR gene expression for NOTCH1-binding regions in a region 1 kb upstream of the *SNAI1* transcription start site (TSS). Ctrl, control; Chr, chromosome; NG, non geneic.\
Error bars in (A), (E), and (F) represent ±1 SD. In (A), \*p \< 0.05. In (E), \*p \< 0.01. In (F), \*p \< 0.05; \*\*p \< 0.01, Student\'s t test; ns, not significant. See also [Figure S4](#SD1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}.](nihms880402f4){#F4}
{ref-type="supplementary-material"}.](nihms880402f5){#F5}
{ref-type="supplementary-material"}.](nihms880402f6){#F6}
{ref-type="supplementary-material"}.](nihms880402f7){#F7}
###### Highlights
- NOTCH1 expands the number of tumor-propagating cells (TPCs) in zebrafish and human ERMS
- Notch1 drives the de-differentiation of zebrafish ERMS cells into self-renewing TPCs
- A NOTCH1/SNAI1 pathway drives self-renewal and blocks MEF2C regulated differentiation
- Self-renewal and differentiation pathways are linked and viable therapeutic targets
[^1]: These authors contributed equally
[^2]: Lead Contact
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MoveOn.org is sending out emails today seeking more contributions for its campaign to defeat any Democratic senator who does not fully support Obamacare. Yesterday the left-wing activist group asked members to contribute "to a primary challenge against any Democratic senator who helps Republicans block an up-or-down vote on health care reform." Today, MoveOn reports that it has received $2 million in pledges in less than 24 hours. "It's a clear sign of how angry progressives would be at any Democrat who helps filibuster reform," MoveOn executive director Justin Ruben writes in the new email.
"The larger the war chest we can offer a potential challenger, the stronger the signal we'll send to conservative Democrats," Ruben continues. "So we're setting a huge new goal: $3 million in total pledges by the end of the week. That's plenty to launch a serious primary challenge."
Byron York notes the media's "concern" of a "nightmare scenario" like this for Republicans, while failing to notice that this has been going on, and continues going on, in the Democratic Party, without any apparent "nightmarish" consequences.
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{
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Q:
Generate different combinations of arrays using positive integers as elements
Given a certain integer n and a different integer k (both positive) I want to generate all the possible different arrays of size k containing integers in the interval [0..n]. For example with n = 2 and k = 2 I want to generate an array of arrays that contains [0,0], [0,1], [1,0], [0,2], [1,1], [2,0], [1,2], [2,1], [2,2]. So the result should be
result = [[0,0], [0,1], [1,0], [0,2], [1,1], [2,0], [1,2], [2,1], [2,2]]
The order of the elements doesn't matter.
A:
Use Array#repeated_permutation:
(0..2).to_a.repeated_permutation(2).to_a
# => [[0, 0], [0, 1], [0, 2], [1, 0], [1, 1], [1, 2], [2, 0], [2, 1], [2, 2]]
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We plan to isolate and analyze zebra fish mutants with altered visual systems. Of particular interest initially will be mutants with altered organizations of retinal cell types, and specific enrichment procedures will be utilized to aid in the isolation of such mutants. The mutants will be analyzed by behavioral, anatomical, physiological and genetic methods. In order to increase the frequency of mutants in the populations subjected selection, we will expose fish to mutagens at appropriate stages in their life cycle. Since most mutations are recessive, we plan to generate homozygous fish from mutagenized eggs in order to enable us to recognize mutant phenotypes. Procedures for generating homozygous fish have already been developed in our laboratory.
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"pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter"
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He said working on technique is for preseason and once he started playing, all that mattered was watching the ball.
That, I’ve discovered, is a very traditional response, handed down from father to son.
I had to stop myself from groaning out loud. “How short-sighted” I wanted to reply. I’m sure he’s not alone and these days, coaches are reluctant to challenge technical issues in young players, preferring the students to figure it out themselves. Perhaps they fear intervention will only create more problems.
NO PRE-SEASON?
What if a player never has a pre-season as, like me, he plays continuously on both sides of the world, where the seasons overlap?
Just once did I have a pre-season in Australia – and that I remember mostly for the agony of running the sand-hills at City Beach in Perth, rather than any working on technique.
Instead I was chasing an endless summer by playing 12 months of the year in England as well as home. “What is a pre-season?” was my standard jibe at teammates.
That meant technical experimentation had to be done on the job – so the standard answer to not work on your game for six months of the year seems like a waste of time and opportunity to me.
Often as a young batsman, you’ll have days when you pick up a bat and it feels like it is a natural extension of your body and other days when it feels like you’re hefting around a railway sleeper.
DAYS WHEN THINGS WEREN’T WORKING
Numerous days in grade cricket and even opening the batting for Western Australia, my swing would feel so awkward I would be trying to adjust almost every ball. I might try picking the bat up higher in my swing, other times move my hands forward in my stance and even change the width of my stance. These were just a very few of many.
In fact what would really confuse me is, somehow I’d last until the lunch break feeling like I couldn’t hit one off the square and then come out after a 40 minute sit down and feel like I was Brian Lara … well not quite but you get the drift.
What it taught me though was to keep trying to get better. I would often think to myself, and now sprout this to every kid possible, one step back to go two steps forward. Working with my dad who was my coach, I’d try all sorts of technical changes and usually, after a while, something would click and it would all fall into place. It would be like hitting at a brick wall and then all of a sudden one thing works and the rest fall over like dominoes.
PROBLEM SOLVING – DON’T GET OUT THE SAME WAY
One of the great advantages of playing in four innings matches is the chance to problem solve as a batsman between the first and second innings. I disliked … no, I hated getting out the same way or to the same bowler in the second innings as I did in the first.
After getting out I would sit down and figure out a way to combat the bowler who dismissed me first time around. It might not have just been a mental change but quite possibly a technical one.
Stuart Clark once dismissed me for a duck with a perfect ball that pitched on off stump line and nipped away but instead of just accepting he’d bowled me a jaffa, I checked out the footage and saw my hands were not coming down straight in my swing pattern and caused everything – my hands and bat – to go towards mid on. So my bat actually was inside the line, hence the ball found my outside edge.
Second innings, my focus was trying to get my hands to go towards mid-off while playing with the inside half of my bat to counter the away movement. Yes I know this is a bit more than ‘Batting 101’ but I only started to understand my own batting by constantly tinkering – even to the extent of working out what doesn’t work, to find out what does.
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Hello Airblocers, we’re glad to announce that Indorse is joining us as a new ecosystem partner.
Indorse is a decentralized social network for professionals. Through cryptoeconomic incentives and a reputation system, Indorse incentivizes users to add their skills/accomplishments and endorse those of others, Indorse creates a revolutionary trusted platform for verifying one’s profile and achievements
For example, an android developer can improve the reliability of his/her programming abilities publicly by obtaining endorsement from other members in the platform. In this sense, Indorse is a decentralized LinkedIn alternative.
With this partnership Airbloc would be integrating Indorse’s profile verification features to enhance the reliability of data submitted to the Airbloc Data Marketplace.
This alliance also allows us to co-research and develop to improve the synergies between Airbloc and Indorse in the future.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
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Poète, essayiste, romancier, dramaturge et grand spécialiste de Rimbaud, Alain Borer déplore, en amoureux de la langue, notre soumission au modèle dominant de l'anglais. Un asservissement synonyme, selon lui, d'appauvrissement.
Est-ce votre éloignement -vous êtes "professeur invité" à l'université de Los Angeles- qui vous a poussé à proférer cet appel à la révolte contre l'invasion de l'anglais et ce cri d'amour pour la langue française?
J'habite et travaille à Paris et en Touraine ; il est vrai que je suis, trois mois par an, le dernier des fantassins de la langue française sur la côte Ouest des Etats-Unis. Là-bas, tous mes compatriotes parlent la langue du maître. Mais, en réalité, je suis travaillé par cette question depuis toujours.
De façon ironique, vous rappelez l'apport de la langue française à l'anglais, soit quelque 37000 mots qui ont investi la Grande-Bretagne à partir du XIe siècle...
Les Anglo-Saxons ont deux grands problèmes. Le premier est de ne pas vouloir savoir qu'ils parlent français à 63% : somme toute, l'anglais est du français mal prononcé. C'est un véritable symptôme collectif, un gigantesque refoulement. Le second, qu'ils s'interdisent de parler français. Leur projet est explicitement hégémonique. On l'a vu lors des Jeux olympiques de Londres. A l'exception du prologue, le français en était totalement absent. Même constat dans les aéroports ("control passport"), ou dans les colloques internationaux, etc. : ils font perdre à la langue française sa visibilité. Le drame, c'est que nous collaborons à cette disparition -dans tous les domaines, et même entre nous.
Nous sommes passés, dites-vous, de l'enrichissement mutuel des langues à l'asphyxie de la langue française par l'"anglobal".
Oui, l'"anglobal" est une forme de parasite. A la Renaissance, des milliers de mots italiens sont entrés dans la langue française, mais ils ont été rapidement absorbés, transformés, francisés. Aujourd'hui, et c'est une première dans l'histoire de la langue, les mots anglais qui s'implantent chaque jour dans notre vocabulaire ne sont plus de l'ordre de l'échange, mais de la substitution ("checker" à la place de "vérifier") : ils font penser aux 30 000 flèches d'Azincourt. En France colonisée, c'est Halloween tous les jours. Mais, plus que de colonisation, nous devons parler d'autocolonisation. Nous n'avons pas d'ennemi. C'est l'effet Banania, le début de la déculturation. Regardez ce qu'il se passe avec Daft Punk, The Artist... Pour être reconnus du maître et obtenir la récompense majeure, il faut le mimer, abandonner, renoncer à ce que nous sommes.
Vous citez Segalen à propos des Maoris: "En perdant ses mots, on perd son âme." En sommes-nous là?
[Offre limitée] Spécial rentrée. 1€ par mois
Je m'abonne
Oui, il ne s'agit pas d'une question de fierté ou de défense patriotique. Il s'agit des modes de représentation que fonde une langue. C'est là, et uniquement là, que se situe l'identité. Prenez la représentation collective de la femme, un enjeu majeur. Il n'existe que trois possibilités de traiter ce domaine : pour la première, la différence des sexes n'est pas marquée, comme dans "beautiful" - le puritanisme s'en accommode bien - ; la deuxième consiste à les distinguer par des marques sonores, naturalisantes, à l'instar de l'italien et de l'espagnol, "bello", "bella", "hermoso", "hermosa". Et la troisième, la française, qui, avec son "e" muet, refuse le marquage du genre sur le sexe. Cet "e" muet fonde une coprésence ontologique. C'est une solution admirable par la proposition philosophique qu'elle entraîne.
A tel point que, selon vous, la législation sur le voile provient de cette place particulière de la question de la femme dans la langue.
Nous sommes le seul pays à avoir légiféré sur le port du voile. Et cela ne relève pas, comme ont pu le dire Alain Finkielkraut et Mona Ozouf, de la laïcité, mais de la langue française. L'"e" muet est une brumisation, un vaporisateur, un parfum, pas un marquage. Pour la langue française, une femme voilée est une faute de grammaire dans la rue. Nous sommes aux antipodes du neutre généralisé, c'est-à-dire de la conception anglo-saxonne. Le neutre qui s'empare de la langue française (l'absence d'accord, le pronom lequel, la perte de l'"e" muet...) annonce avec toutes ses conséquences juridiques un changement de projet de société porté par la langue.
Giscard d'Estaing, le 19 mai 1974, au soir du second tour: "France has elected his president." AFP
Cet hégémonisme mâtiné de panurgisme s'étend-il à tous les domaines?
Ils sont tous affectés. La mode avec la "fashion week", la cuisine et ses "fast-foods", les conseils d'administration, la diplomatie, la défense, la chanson, l'aviation, la médecine, le sport... Même le groupe Bourbaki, notre école mathématique française très pointue et riche en médailles Fields, vient de passer à l'anglais... Seule rescapée, l'Education nationale. Or le projet explicite de la loi Fioraso était de faire passer l'université à la langue du maître. Le Sénat a résisté, pour l'instant. Mais c'est inéluctable : la Commission européenne a décidé d'imposer l'anglais à tous les Etats européens. Ce choix renverse l'ordonnance de Villers-Cotterêts, par laquelle François Ier substitua le français au latin comme langue officielle : nous rompons avec cinq siècles de culture et avec le logiciel absolu de l'histoire de France.
L'apprentissage de l'anglais à la maternelle est-il si dangereux?
Dangereux, non, bien sûr. Plus on apprend de langues, plus on est humain, disait le poète latin Ennius. Mais tout apprentissage structure les formes de pensée. Avons-nous été consultés sur le fait que les 28 nations doivent assurer l'enseignement de l'anglais dans les petites classes ? Non. Et c'est de toute évidence un signe supplémentaire de notre renoncement à nous-mêmes : ce sont les Français qui militent pour faire de leur langue une langue régionale dans la mondialisation anglo-saxonne et libérale.
La langue française est parée à vos yeux de toutes les vertus. Elle est rationnelle, esthétique, mélodieuse, élégante... Ne l'idéalisez-vous pas?
Ce n'est pas moi qui idéalise la langue, toute langue est un système d'idéalisation. Mais les langues n'idéalisent pas la même chose: la langue française idéalise la relation. Elle est abstraite, non ethnique, et c'est en cela qu'elle a fondé l'Etat français. Je ne suis pas breton, belge ou corse, je suis homme, c'est ce que dit la langue française. En ce sens, elle développe un projet universel.
Vous démontrez point par point notre soumission à la langue anglaise. A commencer par la "dé-nomination", soit la substitution de mots anglo-saxons à des mots français disponibles.
Prenez le terme "booster".On pourrait dire "propulser", issu du latin, ou "dynamiser", qui provient du grec. On n'entend plus l'oreille française à travers "booster", ni à travers "mail", à la place de "courriel", ou "deal", à la place d'"échanger", etc. Nous sommes en train de passer de l'oreille romane à l'oreille gothique. Par ailleurs, ces importations impliquent une gigantesque perte de nuance : on dit "bouger" et non plus "se déplacer", "s'en aller"... Enfin, il n'y a plus de polissage phonétique à la française. Le polissage, c'est l'équilibre des voyelles et des consonnes. Même les accents régionaux sont respectueux de cet équilibre, or il se perd. Nous entrons dans l'ère du français pourri, le "broken French".
Vous parlez aussi de "désinvention". Qu'entendez-vous par là?
Notre passivité ou incapacité de forger des mots pour des concepts ou des fonctions nouvelles : "think tank", "input","geek","burn-out"... Qu'avons-nous créé récemment? "Mémériser", "vapoter". Hier, on inventait "miroir", "fontaine". La langue n'évolue pas, elle involue.
Quels en sont les causes ou les fautifs?
L'un des grands responsables n'est autre que Lionel Jospin, ministre de l'Education nationale, qui a déconnecté la fontaine latine en 1993. Comment voulez-vous réinventer si on ne dispose plus de ses racines, si on ne peut plus puiser dans son oreille originelle ? Désormais, pour nommer les objets nouveaux, on n'a plus que le néolatin international, la nouvelle lingua franca.
N'êtes-vous pas féroce lorsque vous traitez Lionel Jospin d'"illettré militant"?
Mais il en est un de première catégorie, avec une responsabilité sur la très longue durée. De 1974 à 2014, nous venons de vivre les Quarante Piteuses. A l'origine, il y a Giscard d'Estaing, le grand fourrier de la langue française, qui lance son message au monde en anglais depuis le balcon de la rue de la Bienfaisance. Les Québécois en pleuraient. Même François Mitterrand a été gravement passif, il l'a regretté d'ailleurs à la fin de sa vie. Il a laissé tous les collabos, les Camdessus, les Trichet, les Védrine, les Lamy, se déchaîner dans la langue du maître. Bel exemple de La Trahison des clercs.
Rappelez-vous, en 1420, alors que la France disparaît de sa propre carte, les Armagnacs furent laminés par les Bourguignons. Le clivage droite-gauche n'a pas de pertinence en période de tempête, ce qui remonte aujour d'hui (en 2014, dans les mêmes chiffres que 1420 !), c'est ce clivage fondamental Armagnacs-Bourguignons. Et les Armagnacs, aujourd'hui, n'ont aucune chance, car les Bourguignons ont désormais de leur côté le fédéralisme européen, qui installe un espace anglophone libéral. Ce qui est frappant, c'est qu'il y a un effet de "naturalisation", comme disait Barthes, la langue du maître paraît désor mais naturelle.
"Mal-diction": "Finalement, Coluche est entré à l'Elysée avec Sarkozy." AFP
Et les nouvelles technologies? Ne changent-elles pas le cours du temps?
Absolument. La langue française est une langue écrite, et la seule qui ne prononce pas tout ce qu'elle écrit. Lorsque je dis "ils entrent", l'"ent" final ne se prononce pas : il s'agit d'une vérification grammaticale, ce que j'appelle le "vidimus" (du latin, "ce que nous avons vu"), qui permet la vérifiabilité par écrit, et garantit aussi la précision. La langue est accompagnée par sa grammaire. Rappelez-vous la résolution de l'ONU après la guerre des Six Jours sur les "occupied territories". La version française seule précise s'il s'agit "des" territoires ou "de" territoires occupés. Or c'est le vidimus que percutent de plein fouet les nouvelles technologies : aucune autre langue n'est si gravement menacée par les nouvelles technologies ; si la langue française perd le vidimus, elle ne sera plus qu'une langue comme une autre et disparaîtra.
Les fautes de français pullulent-elles?
Oui, tout le monde désormais fait des fautes massivement, et des fautes sur le logiciel, sur les prescriptions fondamentales, comme la confusion des sons et des temps, le futur et le conditionnel, j'irai ou j'irais. Vous pouvez l'entendre tous les jours, à 20 heures, chez M. Delahousse (bonne soirAIT). C'est un festival, celui d'un temps nouveau, le confusionnel. C'est un effet de l'ère du virtuel, le conditionnel et les choses réelles ne se distinguent plus. De même pour le subjonctif et l'indicatif. Sur France Culture, Giscard d'Estaing disait "après que je sois élu". L'indicatif après "après que" a mille ans !
Vous n'êtes pas tendre avec Coluche, le maître, selon vous, de la "mal-diction". Vous n'avez pas peur de vous faire des ennemis?
Oui, je sais, Coluche est absolument intouchable. Mais il est celui qui casse tout, qui rompt avec le vidimus, le projet de la langue française. C'est politique, il a voulu être président de la République. Finalement, je pense qu'il est entré à l'Elysée avec Sarkozy: "J'écoute, mais j'tiens pas compte." C'est du Coluche... La langue de Coluche s'oppose à la langue de Molière. Il y a pour la première fois dans notre histoire un alignement entre la société, qui a choisi de dire "fashion week", l'audiovisuel - My TF1, BFM News- et les politiques qui se vautrent dans l'anglais.
"L'histoire de France, écrit Michelet, commence avec la langue française." Il est temps de voir en quoi notre société se transforme. Comme les Gallo-Romains qui ont trahi leur passé en abandonnant leur culture, les "gallo-ricains" se soumettent au modèle dominant. Et le français, tendant au chiac, ce sabir anglo -français qui sévit dans le Nouveau-Brunswick ("je watche la TV"), devient tous les jours moins attractif. On peut dire que l'histoire de France s'achève avec sa langue.
Que devient la francophonie, dans ce contexte?
De quel amour blessée. Réflexions sur la langue française, par Alain Borer. Gallimard, 354p., 22,50€.
La langue et la culture françaises sont désirées partout dans le monde comme une alternative au modèle anglo-saxon. Mais nous, nous y avons renoncé. Sinon, nous verrions tous les jours à la télévision les Québécois, les Belges, les Suisses, les Burkinabés... Or que nous propose-t-on ? Des séries américaines. La France a renoncé à la francophonie pour prendre part à l'Europe anglophone. Djibouti sera perdu dans dix ans, le Rwanda, où les professeurs de français sont ringardisés, l'est déjà. La perte de la francophonie est imminente. Que faire ? "On a beau crier dans le désert, cela ne fait pas tomber les étoiles", dit un proverbe dogon.
De quel amour blessée. Réflexions sur la langue française, par Alain Borer. Gallimard, 354p., 22,50€.
|
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