query_id stringlengths 21 25 | query stringlengths 43 345 | pos listlengths 1 1 | neg listlengths 9 9 |
|---|---|---|---|
scaleup_10005356_4362219 | How to determine whether reduced glutamatergic signaling in the central amygdala causally contributes to withdrawal-related anxiety rather than merely accompanying it | [
"Amygdala circuitry mediating reversible and bidirectional control of anxiety. Anxiety—a sustained state of heightened apprehension in the absence of immediate threat—becomes severely debilitating in disease states. Anxiety disorders represent the most common of psychiatric diseases (28% lifetime prevalence) and co... | [
"Thalamic Glutamatergic Afferents into the Rat Basolateral Amygdala Exhibit Increased Presynaptic Glutamate Function Following Withdrawal from Chronic Intermittent Ethanol. Amygdala glutamatergic neurotransmission regulates withdrawal induced anxiety-like behaviors following chronic ethanol exposure. The lateral/ba... |
scaleup_10036269_6392211 | How to accurately assess palmitate synthesis despite palmitate contamination introduced during sample handling | [
"Inaccurate quantitation of palmitate in metabolomics and isotope tracer studies due to plastics. Palmitate, the typical end product released from fatty acid synthase, is of interest to many researchers performing metabolomics. Although palmitate can be readily detected by using mass spectrometry, many metabolomic ... | [
"An Alternative Pathway of Oleate β-Oxidation in Escherichia coli Involving the Hydrolysis of a Dead End Intermediate by a Thioesterase*. The degradation of 2-trans,5-cis-tetradecadienoyl-CoA, a metabolite of oleic acid, by the purified complex of fatty acid oxidation from Escherichia coli was studied to determine ... |
scaleup_10163921_4779164 | How to determine whether different interferon types have equivalent effects on suppression of lymphocyte proliferation | [
"IFN-γ-Stimulated Neutrophils Suppress Lymphocyte Proliferation through Expression of PD-L1. During systemic inflammation different neutrophil subsets are mobilized to the peripheral blood. These neutrophil subsets can be distinguished from normal circulating neutrophils (CD16bright/CD62Lbright), based on either an... | [
"Growth inhibitory effects of interferon on blast cells from patients with acute myelogenous leukaemia.. Growth inhibitory effects of interferon on blast cells from patients with acute myelogenous leukaemia",
"Anti-viral activity induced by culturing lymphocytes with tumor-derived or virus-transformed cells. Enha... |
scaleup_10172885_17289155 | How to clarify the role of astrocytic C/EBPδ in glial scar formation after spinal cord injury and its relationship to inflammation, astrocyte migration, and blocked axonal regeneration | [
"Glycogen synthase kinase-3β-mediated CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein delta phosphorylation in astrocytes promotes migration and activation of microglia/macrophages.. Alzheimer's disease is neuropathologically characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-β protein into senile plaques that are sites of chronic inflam... | [
"Transplanted astrocytes derived from BMP- or CNTF-treated glial-restricted precursors have opposite effects on recovery and allodynia after spinal cord injury. Background Two critical challenges in developing cell-transplantation therapies for injured or diseased tissues are to identify optimal cells and harmful s... |
scaleup_10199176_25600333 | How to explain lower oxygen isotope discrimination in one leaf group than another without reduced carbonyl sulfide uptake, when differences in shared enzyme activity alone are insufficient | [
"The Role of Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase during C4 Photosynthetic Isotope Exchange and Stomatal Conductance1[OA]. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC; EC 4.1.1.31) plays a key role during C4 photosynthesis and is involved in anaplerotic metabolism, pH regulation, and stomatal opening. Heterozygous (Pp) and ho... | [
"Oxygen exchange in relation to carbon assimilation in water-stressed leaves during photosynthesis.. In a study on metabolic consumption of photosynthetic electrons and dissipation of excess light energy under water stress, O2 and CO2 gas exchange was measured by mass spectrometry in tomato plants using 18O2 and 13... |
scaleup_10278559_43415388 | How to determine causal direction from changing distributions when multiple changing influences on observed variables have potentially dependent parameters | [
"Quantifying causal influences. Many methods for causal inference generate directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) that formalize causal relations between $n$ variables. Given the joint distribution on all these variables, the DAG contains all information about how intervening on one variable changes the distribution of the... | [
"Causal Discovery and Inference: Concepts and Recent Methodological Advances. This paper aims to give a broad coverage of central concepts and principles involved in automated causal inference and emerging approaches to causal discovery from i.i.d data and from time series. After reviewing concepts including manipu... |
scaleup_1033599_19470863 | How to clarify the functional differences between rs2275913 alleles in activated t cells and their relationship to susceptibility to acute graft-versus-host disease and autoimmune disease | [
"Crucial Role for Nuclear Factor of Activated T Cells in T Cell Receptor-mediated Regulation of Human Interleukin-17*. The biological activities of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-17 have been widely studied. However, comparatively little is known about how IL-17 expression is controlled. Here, we examin... | [
"The Impact of Costimulatory Molecule Gene Polymorphisms on Clinical Outcomes in Liver Transplantation. CTLA‐4 and CD28 deliver opposing signals for T‐cell proliferation. We examined single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) CTLA‐4 –318C/T and CD28 IVS3 +17T/C for associations with acute rejection in liver transplant ... |
scaleup_10344786_40607375 | How to reliably assess and distinguish models predicting protection after malaria challenge when overall correctness does not reveal enough differences in performance | [
"Discriminant Q2 (DQ2) for improved discrimination in PLSDA models. In this paper we introduce discriminant Q2 (DQ2) as an improvement for the Q2 value used in the validation of PLSDA models. DQ2 does not penalize class predictions beyond the class label value. With rigorous Monte Carlo simulations we show that whe... | [
"Challenges in malaria modeling. Mathematical models can be useful tools in projects across the entire range of malaria research and intervention. The past decade has seen significant progress in malaria modeling, but challenges remain in applying, testing and refining current tools and in developing new ones.",
... |
scaleup_10344786_7644513 | How to identify patterns in longitudinal blood transcriptomes associated with protection against parasitemia in RTS,S vaccine recipients | [
"Metabolic Profiling of the Response to an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test Detects Subtle Metabolic Changes. Background The prevalence of overweight is increasing globally and has become a serious health problem. Low-grade chronic inflammation in overweight subjects is thought to play an important role in disease devel... | [
"Identification of Novel Pre-Erythrocytic Malaria Antigen Candidates for Combination Vaccines with Circumsporozoite Protein. Malaria vaccine development has been hampered by the limited availability of antigens identified through conventional discovery approaches, and improvements are needed to enhance the efficacy... |
scaleup_10436566_14988266 | How to reliably assess accuracy and robustness across emission, performance, and stability parameters despite limitations of standard evaluation metrics, scale differences, and differing accuracy across outputs | [
"A new accuracy measure based on bounded relative error for time series forecasting. Many accuracy measures have been proposed in the past for time series forecasting comparisons. However, many of these measures suffer from one or more issues such as poor resistance to outliers and scale dependence. In this paper, ... | [
"How ambiguous are climate metrics? And are we prepared to assess and compare the climate impact of new air traffic technologies?. • Posing the adequate climate question reduces a large amount of a perceived ambiguity of climate metrics.",
"Reduction of errors when estimating emissions based on static traffic mod... |
scaleup_10439889_9878016 | How to clarify the role of picolinic acid as a kynurenine pathway metabolite | [
"Picolinic acid, a catabolite of L-tryptophan, is a costimulus for the induction of reactive nitrogen intermediate production in murine macrophages.. In this study we investigated the effects of picolinic acid, a catabolite of L-tryptophan, on the production of L-arginine-derived reactive nitrogen intermediates in ... | [
"Tetrahydrobiopterin Biosynthesis as a Potential Target of the Kynurenine Pathway Metabolite Xanthurenic Acid*. Tryptophan metabolites in the kynurenine pathway are up-regulated by pro-inflammatory cytokines or glucocorticoids, and are linked to anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive activities. In addition, they ... |
scaleup_10529766_7399541 | How to allocate task execution fairly among competing users according to their relative resource shares without letting one user’s queued tasks dominate service | [
"Analysis and simulation of a fair queueing algorithm. We discuss gateway queueing algorithms and their role in controlling congestion in datagram networks. A fair queueing algorithm, based on an earlier suggestion by Nagle, is proposed. Analysis and simulations are used to compare this algorithm to other congestio... | [
"Load Balancing for Response Time. A centralized scheduler must assign tasks to servers, processing on-line a sequence of task arrivals and departures. Each task runs for an unknown length of time, but comes with a weight that measures resource utilization per unit time. The response time of a server is the sum of ... |
scaleup_10610948_14072177 | How to clarify the influence of air masses aloft on near-surface atmospheric mercury in QNNP | [
"Glacier winds in the Rongbuk Valley, north of Mount Everest: 1. Meteorological modeling with remote sensing data. [1] Persistent glacier winds blowing from noon to midnight in summer are present in the Rongbuk Valley, north of Mount Everest, with a maximum speed of 10 m s−1 and a vertical thickness as high as 1 km... | [
"Corrigendum to \"Use of a global model to understand speciated atmospheric mercury observations at five high-elevation sites\" published in Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 1161–1173, 2015. P. Weiss-Penzias1, H. M. Amos2, N. E. Selin3, M. S. Gustin4, D. A. Jaffe5, D. Obrist6, G.-R. Sheu7, and A. Giang3 1Microbiology and En... |
scaleup_10610948_55035979 | How to explain mercury pollution reaching Qomolangma on the Tibetan Plateau from South Asia despite the high-altitude Himalayan barrier | [
"Atmospheric Brown Clouds in the Himalayas: first two years of continuous observations at the Nepal Climate Observatory-Pyramid (5079 m). Abstract. This paper provides a detailed description of the atmospheric conditions characterizing the high Himalayas, thanks to continuous observations begun in March 2006 at the... | [
"Natural and anthropogenic atmospheric mercury in the European Arctic: a fractionation study. © Author(s) 2010. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.",
"Worldwide trend of atmospheric mercury since 1995. Abstract. Concern about the adverse effects of mercury on human health ... |
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ar-pairs train_step2_interim (2,506 pairs)
Interim export of the step-2 training set (arpipe/scaleup/train_step2_interim.sh, master a9110c8e).
Each row: query_id, query, pos (1), neg (9 hard negatives). meta holds per-query provenance (field, negative kinds, ids).
Interim: the final step-2 export may differ.
Source: /data1/seokwon/ar_pairs_scaleup/train/data/ (sha256 data e465e98d…, meta 5f0eb456…).
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