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The purpose of the NextGen Test Bed is to provide an environment in which laboratory testing and real-world demonstrations help to show the benefits of NextGen technologies. Furthermore, the Test Bed provides access to the systems currently used in the NAS, which allows for testing and evaluating the integration and in... | This testimony discusses the use of test facilities as a means of leveraging public, private, and academic resources to deliver technologies for the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen). NextGen will affect nearly every aspect of air transportation and will transform the way in which the air transportati... |
To determine the feasibility and utility of implementing a requirement that each nonimmigrant alien annually report a current address, we reviewed available documents concerning nonimmigrant alien address reporting requirements and interviewed headquarters officials from USCIS and ICE. At USCIS headquarters, we intervi... | Since 1940, Congress has provided a statutory framework that requires aliens entering or residing in the United States to provide address information. By 1981, aliens who remain in the United States for 30 days or more were required to initially register and report their address information and then to report their cha... |
Title V of the 1992 reauthorization of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 authorizes OJJDP to award incentive grant funds to the states, which in turn are to award subgrants to units of general local government to support local juvenile delinquency prevention projects. Congress appropriated $13... | Pursuant to a legislative requirement, GAO provided information on the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Amendments Act's Title V incentive grant program for local delinquency prevention, focusing on: (1) the program's status and what types of projects are being funded; (2) the number of states and local gove... |
The wastes in Hanford’s 177 underground tanks are a by-product of more than 50 years of nuclear weapons production. (Fig. 1 shows a typical tank farm under construction.) Storing, managing, and cleaning up these wastes pose many challenges. Some tanks, for example, contain flammable gas or potentially combustible organ... | GAO reviewed the Department of Energy's (DOE) progress in characterizing its tank waste at its Hanford site, focusing on: (1) whether it has met its characterization deadlines; (2) the impediments to meeting characterization deadlines; and (3) the impact that continued delays have on the characterization process. GAO f... |
Nearly a decade ago, the Department of Energy (DOE) embarked on a mission to deal with the environmental legacy of the Cold War. This DOE mission, which is expected to continue for many years, involves a number of activities, with the most ambitious and far-ranging being the cleanup of the hazardous and radioactive con... | Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO reviewed the Department of Energy's (DOE) Office of Environmental Management's (EM) efforts to deploy innovative cleanup technologies, focusing on: (1) the extent to which innovative technologies developed by the Office of Science and Technology (OST) have been deployed at DOE s... |
The Air Force depot maintenance activity group supports combat readiness by providing depot repair services necessary to keep Air Force units operating worldwide. The group generates between $5 billion to $6 billion in annual revenue principally by repairing and overhauling a wide range of assets including aircraft, mi... | The Floyd D. Spence National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2001 requires GAO to review various aspects of the Department of Defense (DOD) policy that allows Defense Working Capital Fund activities to carry over a 3-month level of work from one fiscal year to the next. The DOD 3-month carryover standard appl... |
The federal performance management framework put into place by GPRA and GPRAMA requires agencies to develop long-term strategic plans that identify their missions, along with long-term goals and objectives (often referred to as strategic goals and objectives) aimed at achieving their missions. Agencies are to develop p... | To address the complex and crosscutting challenges facing the federal government, agencies need to effectively engage and collaborate with those in the private, nonprofit, and academic sectors, other levels of government, and citizens. Agencies are increasingly using open innovation strategies for these purposes. The G... |
Under the defined standard benefit in 2009, beneficiaries subject to full cost-sharing amounts paid out-of-pocket costs during the initial coverage period that included a deductible equal to the first $295 in drug costs, followed by 25 percent coinsurance for all drugs until total drug costs reached $2,700, with benefi... | The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) allows Part D plans to utilize different tiers with different levels of cost sharing as a way of managing drug utilization and spending. One such tier, the specialty tier, is designed for high-cost drugs whose prices exceed a certain threshold set by CMS. Beneficiaries... |
The Chinese Ministry of Education requires that U.S. universities seeking to establish an education arrangement in China partner with a Chinese university. The Chinese government also requires the U.S. universities to establish written agreements with the Chinese university defining the academics, governance, operation... | In its Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2015, the Department of State (State) concluded that academic freedom, a longstanding concern in China, had recently worsened. At the same time, the number of U.S. universities establishing degree-granting institutions in partnership with Chinese universities—teachin... |
An agency within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), FDA is responsible for promoting and protecting the public health by ensuring the safety, efficacy, and security of human and veterinary drugs, biological products, and medical devices, and ensuring the safety and security of our nation’s food sup... | The Food and Drug Administration (FDA), an agency within the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), relies heavily on information technology (IT) to carry out its mission of ensuring the safety and effectiveness of regulated consumer products. Specifically, IT systems are critical to FDAs product review, adver... |
To carry out NNSA’s nuclear weapons and nonproliferation missions, contractors at the eight NNSA sites conduct research, manufacturing, testing at facilities located at those sites. (See fig. 1.) DOE establishes safety or security requirements based on a categorization of site-specific risks, including hazardous operat... | NNSA, a separately organized agency within DOE, has had long-standing problems managing its contracts and projects, which GAO has identified as being at high risk for fraud, waste, abuse, and mismanagement. Both DOE and, specifically, NNSA, undertook initiatives in 2002 and 2003 to improve contractor performance throug... |
In November 2003, Congress authorized a new performance-based pay system for members of the SES. According to OPM’s interim regulations, SES members are to no longer receive annual across-the-board or locality pay adjustments with the new pay system. Agencies are to base pay adjustments for SES members on individual pe... | Congress and the administration have established a new performance-based pay system for members of the Senior Executive Service (SES) that is designed to provide a clear and direct linkage between SES performance and pay. Also, GAO previously reported that significant opportunities exist for agencies to hold the SES ac... |
IDEA is the primary federal law that addresses the special education and related service needs of children with disabilities, including children with specific learning disabilities, sensory disabilities, such as hearing and visual impairments, and other disabilities, such as emotional disturbance and speech or language... | The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) ensures the education of the nation's disabled children. As a condition of receiving IDEA funds, states must provide educational and related services that facilitate learning to students with disabilities based on their individual needs. The Department of Education... |
The FEHBP is the largest employer-sponsored health insurance program in the country. In 2012, it provided $42.6 billion in health care benefits to about 8 million individuals. OPM contracts with carriers to provide this coverage. Carriers offer plans in which eligible individuals may enroll to receive health care cover... | The FEHBP provides health care coverage to millions of federal employees, retirees, and their dependents through health insurance carriers that contract with OPM. Carriers offer plans in which eligible individuals may enroll to receive health care benefits. OPM negotiates these contracts; requires that each carrier est... |
In 2006, the Deputy Secretary of Defense created the Task Force for Business and Stability Operations. Its initial focus was to improve DOD’s contracting processes as a means to increase the number of DOD contracts awarded to Iraqi firms and therefore help to develop businesses and create jobs. Soon thereafter, the Tas... | The Departments of Defense (DOD) and State (State) and the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) and others are involved in economic development activities in Iraq and Afghanistan. In June 2006, DOD established the Task Force for Business and Stability Operations (Task Force) to support its related efforts.... |
CMS administers the 1-800-MEDICARE help line to answer beneficiaries’ questions about Medicare eligibility, enrollment, and benefits. The help line currently operates 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, and has eight call center locations that are run by two contractors. As of October 2004, the primary contractor managed 1,... | In March 1999, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) implemented a telephone help line--1-800-MEDICARE--to provide information about program eligibility, enrollment, and benefits. The Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 (MMA) directed GAO to examine several issues related... |
Projects funded under the military construction appropriation generally cost over $300,000 and produce complete and usable new facilities or improvements to existing facilities. The Army Corps of Engineers and the Naval Facilities Engineering Command manage the design of all service construction projects; each service ... | Pursuant to a legislative requirement, GAO reviewed the Department of Defense's (DOD) prioritization of environmental compliance construction projects, focusing on: (1) the DOD construction program process; and (2) DOD cost estimates for future projects. GAO found that: (1) since GAO's November 1993 report, the service... |
With a cost of about $12.3 billion, the 2010 Census was the most expensive population count in U.S. history, costing about 31 percent more than the $9.4 billion 2000 Census (in constant 2020 dollars). Some cost growth is to be expected because the population is growing and becoming more complex and difficult to count, ... | With a life-cycle cost of about $12.3 billion, the 2010 Census was the most expensive U.S. census in history. To help control costs and maintain accuracy, the 2020 Census design includes new procedures and technology that have not been used extensively in earlier decennials, if at all. While these innovations show prom... |
Traditional insurance companies sell insurance to the public and are subject to the licensing requirements and oversight of each state in which they operate. The licensing process allows states to determine if an insurer domiciled in another state but operating in their state meets the nondomiciliary state’s regulatory... | Congress authorized the creation of risk retention groups (RRG)--a group of similar businesses that creates its own insurance company to insure its risk--to increase the affordability and availability of commercial liability insurance. Through the Liability Risk Retention Act (LRRA), Congress partially preempted state ... |
Cellular telephones, first marketed in 1983, have become one of the fastest selling consumer electronic products. By the end of 1993, over 16 million Americans were using cellular telephones, and the industry estimates that in less than a decade, over 60 million Americans will be using a cellular communications device.... | Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO reviewed the biological effects of radio-frequency radiation emitted by portable cellular telephones and the federal government's regulatory actions to ensure the safety of these telephones. GAO found that: (1) no research has been completed on long-term human exposure to low le... |
For years, auditors have reported long-standing weaknesses in DOD’s ability to promptly pay its bills and accurately account for and record its disbursements. Numerous of our and DOD Inspector General audit reports have cited deficiencies in management oversight, a weak internal control environment, flawed financial ma... | The Department of Defense (DOD) has historically been unable to accurately account for and record its disbursements. In March 2002, the DOD Comptroller cited metrics that showed dramatic reductions in payment recording errors (57 percent between October 2000 and October 2001), backlogs of commercial payments (41 percen... |
Established in 1956, DI is an insurance program that provides benefits to workers who are unable to work because of severe long-term disability. In 2001, DI provided $54.2 billion in cash benefits to 6.1 million disabled workers. Workers who have worked long enough and recently enough are insured for coverage under the... | Since the Disability Insurance (DI) and Supplemental Security Income (SSI) programs began, much has changed and continues to change in medicine, technology, the economy, and societal views and expectations of people with disabilities. GAO found that scientific advances, changes in the nature of work, and social changes... |
U.S. interests in South Korea involve a wide range of security, economic, and political concerns. The United States has remained committed to maintaining peace on the Korean Peninsula since the 1950 to 1953 Korean War. Although most of the property that the United States once controlled has been returned to South Korea... | The U.S.-South Korean Land Partnership Plan (LPP), signed in March 2002, was designed to consolidate U.S. installations, improve combat readiness, enhance public safety, and strengthen the U.S.-South Korean alliance by addressing some of the causes of periodic tension associated with the U.S. presence in South Korea. T... |
Our objectives were to determine whether participating judges’ contributions for the 3 plan years ending on September 30, 2007, funded at least 50 percent of the JSAS costs and, if not, what adjustments in the contribution rates would be needed to achieve the 50 percent ratio. To satisfy our objectives, we used the nor... | The Judicial Survivors' Annuities System (JSAS) was created in 1956 to provide financial security for the families of deceased federal judges. It provides benefits to eligible spouses and dependent children of judges who elect coverage within 6 months of taking office, 6 months after getting married, 6 months after bei... |
In August 1990, Iraq invaded Kuwait, and the United Nations imposed sanctions against Iraq. Security Council resolution 661 of 1990 prohibited all nations from buying and selling Iraqi commodities, except for food and medicine. Security Council resolution 661 also prohibited all nations from exporting weapons or milita... | The Oil for Food program was established by the United Nations and Iraq in 1996 to address concerns about the humanitarian situation after international sanctions were imposed in 1990. The program allowed the Iraqi government to use the proceeds of its oil sales to pay for food, medicine, and infrastructure maintenance... |
The bombing of the World Trade Center in New York City in 1993 and the Murrah federal building in Oklahoma in 1995 raised concerns about the vulnerability of the states to terrorist attacks. After the 1995 attack on the Murrah building, the President established the general U.S. policy, in PDD 39, to use all appropriat... | GAO reviewed the Federal Emergency Management Agency's (FEMA) actions to improve its capabilities to respond to terrorist incidents based on its response to lessons learned from the Oklahoma City bombing, requirements in Presidential Decision Directives 39 and 62, and its own guidance. Specifically, GAO determined the ... |
GPO’s mission includes both printing government documents and disseminating them to the public. Under 44 U.S.C. 501, it is the principal agent for printing for the federal government. All printing for the Congress, the executive branch, and the judiciary—except for the Supreme Court—is to be done or contracted by GPO e... | Advances in technology have led to more organizations making information available over the Internet and the World Wide Web rather than through print, significantly changing the nature of printing and information dissemination. Government Printing Office (GPO) management recognizes that the new environment in which it ... |
The number of women in the military has grown significantly in recent decades. Women now make up about 14 percent of active duty forces, up from about 2 percent in the early 1970s. Their role has also evolved from the traditional concentration in medical and administrative occupations; women are now eligible to serve i... | Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO reviewed the military services' physical fitness and body fat standards to determine if: (1) differences exist among the military services in physical fitness standards and tests and the basis for any difference; (2) the services have a sound basis for adjusting the standards fo... |
DOE is responsible for a nationwide complex of facilities created during World War II and the Cold War to research, produce, and test nuclear weapons. Much of the complex is no longer in productive use, but contains vast quantities of nuclear and hazardous waste and other materials related to the production of nuclear ... | The Department of Energy (DOE) spends between $6 billion and $7 billion annually to store, clean up, and monitor nuclear and hazardous waste at its sites. Various federal and state agencies with jurisdiction over environmental and health issues related to the cleanup are therefore involved in regulating and overseeing ... |
The JASSM program began in 1995 and was to be an affordable, joint program between the Air Force and the Navy to meet an urgent need with a streamlined acquisition strategy. JASSM predecessor TSSAM was also planned to be a low-cost cruise missile able to deliver several different munitions. However, after several unsuc... | Over the past two and a half decades, the Department of Defense (DOD) has invested heavily to acquire a cruise missile capable of attacking ground targets stealthily, reliably, and affordably. After abandoning an earlier, more expensive missile and a joint service effort, the Air Force began producing the Joint Air-to-... |
In 1995, the District of Columbia established the Highway Trust Fund, as required by the District of Columbia Emergency Highway Relief Act. This dedicated trust fund is required to include amounts equivalent to receipts from motor fuel taxes and to be separate from the District’s General Fund. For fiscal year 1999, mot... | GAO reviewed information system general controls over the financial systems that process and account for the financial activities of the District of Columbia's Highway Trust Fund. GAO identified serious computer security weaknesses that place District information at risk of deliberate or inadvertent misuse. These gener... |
The Department of Transportation has four offices that conduct automobile crash tests: three within NHTSA and one in the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). The activities of two programs run by NHTSA are the focus of this report. NHTSA’s Office of Vehicle Safety Compliance performs a compliance testing program of 3... | Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO reviewed the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's (NHTSA) crash test programs, focusing on whether they provide valid and reliable indicators of occupant safety in real world crashes. GAO found that: (1) the probability of sustaining a serious injury has declined sin... |
About 14 percent of the near elderly are uninsured—a rate comparable to that of 45- to 54-year-olds and lower than that among the entire nonelderly population. Differences in labor force attachment, health status, and family income, however, distinguish the near elderly from younger Americans and foreshadow some of the... | Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO discussed access to health insurance by near-elderly Americans aged 55 to 64, focusing on the near elderly's: (1) health, employment, income, and health insurance status; (2) ability to obtain employer-based health insurance if they retire before they are eligible for Medicare; ... |
The purpose of the CMS PERM program is to produce a national-level improper payment error rate for Medicaid. CMS developed PERM in order to comply with the requirements of IPIA, which was amended by IPERA. PERM uses a 17-state, 3-year rotation for measuring Medicaid improper payments. Medicaid improper payments are est... | Medicaid has the second-highest estimated improper payments of any federal program that reported such data for fiscal year 2011. Also, the Congress has raised questions about reporting and corrective actions related to the Medicaid program's improper payments. The objectives of this report were to determine the extent ... |
A number of entities are involved in the global supply chain, including the following: Importers: Bring cargo from a foreign source into a domestic market. Importers are responsible for submitting ISF data, but an importer may designate an authorized agent to file the ISF on its behalf. Vessel carriers: Transport cargo... | Cargo shipments can present security concerns as terrorists could use cargo containers to transport a weapon of mass destruction or other contraband into the United States. In January 2009, CBP, within the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), implemented the ISF rule. The rule requires importers and vessel carriers t... |
In prior reports, we have identified major risks associated with DOD’s spare parts inventory management practices. In 1996, and then again in 1998, we reported that the Navy’s logistics system often could not provide fleet customers with necessary parts in a timely manner, despite billions of dollars invested in invent... | Since 1990, GAO has identified DOD inventory management as high risk because of long-standing management weaknesses. In fiscal years 2001 and 2002, Congress provided the Navy with more than $8 billion in operations and maintenance funds to purchase spare parts in support of the service's operations. Nevertheless, spare... |
Iraq is ethnically, religiously, and linguistically diverse. Ethnically, Arabs comprise about 75 percent of the population of Iraq, with Kurds comprising around 15 percent and other ethnic groups, such as Turkoman and Assyrians, comprising the remaining 10 percent. Religiously, Shi’a and Sunni Muslims make up 97 percen... | Since 2003, minority groups in Iraq have experienced religiously and ethnically motivated attacks, killings, and forced displacements. Concern for Iraqi religious and ethnic minorities led various congressional committees and Congress as a whole to issue a series of directives to provide assistance to these groups. The... |
Globally, aquaculture production has grown significantly over the past 50 years, from less than 1.1 million tons around 1950 to about 65.5 million tons in 2004. A majority of global aquaculture fish and shellfish are raised in a freshwater environment and species raised in a marine environment make up about 36 percent ... | U. S. aquaculture--the raising of fish and shellfish in captivity--has generally been confined to nearshore coastal waters or in other water bodies, such as ponds, that fall under state regulation. Recently, there has been an increased interest in expanding aquaculture to offshore waters, which would involve raising fi... |
The Rail Passenger Service Act of 1970 created Amtrak as the nation’s intercity passenger railroad. Prior to Amtrak’s creation, intercity passenger service was provided by a number of individual railroads, which had lost money, especially after World War II. The act, as amended, gave Amtrak a number of goals, including... | Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO followed up on its report on Amtrak's financial performance, focusing on: (1) Amtrak's overall financial performance in fiscal year (FY) 1998; (2) the prospects for Amtrak to meet its financial goals for operating self-sufficiency outlined in its most recent strategic business p... |
Historically, federal outlays and receipts generally have been reported on a cash basis. That is, receipts are recorded when received and outlays are recorded when paid without regard to the period in which the taxes and fees were assessed or the costs resulting in the outlay were incurred. This has an advantage in tha... | Although environmental liabilities resulting from federal programs and activities represent the third largest category of the federal government's liabilities, the current cash- and obligation-based budget does not provide information on estimated cleanup costs before waste-producing assets are purchased. As a result, ... |
Contamination from the Hanford site that may threaten the Columbia River includes (1) contamination that resulted from disposal activities during the era in which DOE produced nuclear material; (2) contamination that could occur during cleanup activities, such as from an accidental spill; and (3) possible future migrat... | The Department of Energy's (DOE) Hanford site in Washington State is one of the most contaminated nuclear waste sites in North America. The Columbia River flows through about 50 miles of the site. Radioactive and hazardous contamination from decades of producing nuclear materials for the nation's defense have migrated ... |
State and local laws and requirements continue to guide districts and schools when planning for and managing emergencies. The federal government’s role in school emergency management has been to support state and local activities, by providing guidance, training, equipment, and funding to help districts and schools res... | The 2012 school shootings in Newtown, Connecticut and the 2013 tornado in Moore, Oklahoma stress the need for schools to prepare for emergencies to help protect the 50 million students in K-12 public schools. In 2007, GAO found that most districts developed emergency operations plans and GAO made recommendations to imp... |
To address its financial crisis and make its operations more efficient, in 1995 Amtrak undertook a major corporate restructuring, along with developing its Strategic Business Plan. The restructuring involved dividing Amtrak’s intercity passenger service operations into three distinct operating units, called strategic b... | GAO reviewed Amtrak's Strategic Business Plan, focusing on: (1) specific planned actions and their expected results; (2) Amtrak's success in achieving financial improvements and its progress toward realizing its long-term goal of self-sufficiency; and (3) Amtrak's efforts to monitor the plan's implementation. GAO found... |
In 1991, Congress passed the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA), which added Section 28 to the Federal Transit Act. ISTEA required FTA to establish a state-managed safety and security oversight program for rail transit agencies. As a result, on December 27, 1995, FTA published a set of reg... | The U.S. rail transit system is a vital component of the nation's transportation infrastructure. Safety and security oversight of rail transit is the responsibility of state-designated oversight agencies following Federal Transit Administration (FTA) requirements. In this report, GAO addressed: (1) how the State Safety... |
The compensation program pays monthly benefits to veterans who have service-connected disabilities (injuries or diseases incurred or aggravated while on active military duty). The pension program pays monthly benefits based on financial need to wartime veterans who have low incomes and are permanently and totally disab... | The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) will provide $25 billion in compensation and pension benefits in fiscal year 2002 to more than three million veterans, dependents and survivors. For years, the compensation and pension claims process has been subject to long long waits for decision and large claims backlogs. VA's... |
The Internet is a worldwide network of networks comprised of servers, routers, and backbone networks. Network addresses are used to help send information from one computer to another over the Internet by routing the information to its final destination. The protocol that enables the administration of these addresses is... | The Internet protocol (IP) provides the addressing mechanism that defines how and where information such as text, voice, and video move across interconnected networks. Internet protocol version 4 (IPv4), which is widely used today, may not be able to accommodate the increasing number of global users and devices that ar... |
Since September 11, 2001, the federal government has emphasized the need for a coordinated response to maritime threats. In December 2004, the White House issued National Security Presidential Directive 41 (NSPD- 41)/Homeland Security Presidential Directive 13 (HSPD-13), Maritime Security Policy, defining maritime doma... | Maritime security threats to the United States are broad, including the naval forces of potential adversary nations, terrorism, and piracy. The attacks on the USS Cole in 2000, in Mumbai in 2008, and on the Maersk Alabama in 2009 highlight these very real threats. The Department of Defense (DOD) considers maritime doma... |
The Workforce Investment Act created a new, comprehensive workforce investment system designed to change the way employment and training services are delivered. When WIA was enacted in 1998, it replaced the Job Training Partnership Act (JTPA) with three new programs—Adult, Dislocated Worker, and Youth—that allow for a ... | Since the Workforce Investment Act's (WIA) enactment in 1998, GAO has issued numerous reports that included recommendations regarding many aspects of WIA, including performance measures and accountability, funding formulas and spending, one-stop centers, and training, as well as services provided to specific population... |
Federal operations and facilities have been disrupted by a range of events, including the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001; the Oklahoma City bombing; localized shutdowns due to severe weather conditions, such as the closure of federal offices in Denver for 3 days in March 2003 due to snow; and building-level ev... | To ensure that essential government services are available in emergencies--such as terrorist attacks, severe weather, or building-level emergencies-- federal agencies are required to develop continuity of operations (COOP) plans. Responsibility for formulating guidance on these plans and for assessing executive branch ... |
In December 2014, we reported on the progress the departments that coordinate federal emergency support functions (ESF) have made in conducting a range of coordination, planning, and capability assessment activities. For example, all 10 ESF coordinators identified at least one nonemergency activity through which they c... | A little more than 10 years ago, Hurricane Katrina caused an estimated $108 billion in damage, making it the largest, most destructive natural disaster in our nation's history. Following the federal response to Hurricane Katrina in 2005, Congress passed the Post-Katrina Emergency Management Reform Act of 2006 (Post-Kat... |
The federal acquisition process involves a number of steps that are common to all government agencies such as solicitation, evaluation, and contract award. Agencies are increasingly leveraging electronic data systems to streamline acquisitions and reduce costs. According to GSA officials, as these systems gained greate... | The U.S. Government spends more than $500 billion each year on contracts. To ensure contracts are managed effectively, the government has established policies and procedures for advertising, awarding, administering, and reporting on them. Historically, data systems used to implement these steps have been fragmented and... |
The number of tax-related identity theft incidents (primarily refund or employment fraud attempts) identified by IRS has grown: 51,702 incidents in 2008, 169,087 incidents in 2009, and 248,357 incidents in 2010. Refund fraud can stem from identity theft when an identity thief uses a legitimate taxpayer’s name and Socia... | Identity theft is a serious and growing problem in the United States. Taxpayers are harmed when identity thieves file fraudulent tax documents using stolen names and Social Security numbers. In 2010 alone, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) identified over 245,000 identity theft incidents that affected the tax system. ... |
Farming has always been an inherently risky enterprise because farmers operate at the mercy of nature and frequently are subjected to weather-related perils such as droughts, floods, hurricanes, and other natural disasters. Since the 1930s, many farmers have been able to transfer part of the risk of loss in production ... | Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO discussed the Department of Agriculture's (USDA) federal crop insurance program, focusing on whether USDA: (1) has set adequate insurance rates to achieve the legislative requirement of actuarial soundness; (2) appropriately reimburses participating crop insurance companies for ... |
A copyright is an intellectual property interest in an original work of authorship fixed in any tangible medium of expression, including books, movies, photographs, and music, from which the work can be perceived, reproduced, or otherwise communicated either directly or with the aid of a machine or device. The Copyrigh... | The recording and broadcast radio industries touch the lives of most Americans through the development and distribution of music. Congress is considering legislation, the proposed Performance Rights Act (H.R. 848), that would expand copyright protection for the public performance of sound recordings. The proposed act w... |
Federal crop insurance protects participating farmers against crop losses caused by perils such as droughts, floods, hurricanes, and other natural disasters. The federal program—which began on an experimental basis in 1938 after private insurance companies were unable to establish a financially viable crop insurance bu... | Pursuant to a legislative requirement, GAO reviewed the financial arrangements between the Federal Crop Insurance Corporation (FCIC) and participating insurance companies for delivering crop insurance to qualified producers, focusing on the: (1) adequacy of the current administrative reimbursement rate for expenses of ... |
The Trust manages the interior 80 percent of the Presidio, while the Park Service manages the remaining 20 percent, essentially the coastal areas. Figure 1 shows the area managed by the Park Service (Area A) and the area managed by the Trust (Area B). The Trust’s area of responsibility includes 729 commercial and resid... | The Presidio Trust--a wholly owned government corporation--was created in 1996 to manage a large part of the Presidio grounds using sound principles of land use planning and management while maintaining the area's scenic beauty and historic and natural character. The Trust is responsible for leasing, maintaining, rehab... |
This year the space shuttle is scheduled to fly its final six missions to deliver hardware, supplies, and an international scientific laboratory to the International Space Station. NASA officials remain confident that the current flight manifest can be accomplished within the given time, and add that should delays occu... | The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is in the midst of many changes and one of the most challenging periods in its history. The space shuttle is slated to retire this year, the International Space Station nears completion but remains underutilized, and a new means of human space flight is under dev... |
DEA is the nation’s federal agency dedicated to drug law enforcement and accordingly, works to disrupt and dismantle the leadership, command, control, and financial infrastructure of major drug-trafficking organizations. DEA’s Office of Operations Management is charged with supporting the domestic drug enforcement acti... | The 2010 National Drug Threat Assessment stated that the availability of illicit drugs is increasing. The Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), in the Department of Justice (DOJ), works with Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), within the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), to carry out drug enforcement effor... |
Mr. Chairman and Members of the Subcommittee: We are pleased to have this opportunity to assist in your review of the Internal Revenue Service’s (IRS) operations. As you requested, our statement today will cover three areas (1) IRS’ efforts to correct management and technical weaknesses that have impeded its Tax System... | Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO discussed the Internal Revenue Service's (IRS) Tax Systems Modernization (TSM) Plan, focusing on: (1) IRS efforts to correct TSM management and technical weaknesses within an established time frame and cost figure; (2) IRS plans to collect delinquent taxes and correct accounts r... |
CMS, an operating division of HHS, administers Medicare, Medicaid, and the State Children’s Health Insurance Program. As administrator of Medicare, which paid about $215 billion in benefits to approximately 39.5 million Medicare beneficiaries in fiscal year 2000, CMS is the nation’s largest health insurer. Although mos... | The Debt Collection Improvement Act (DCIA) of 1996 requires that agencies refer eligible debts delinquent more than 180 days that they have been unable to collect to the Department of the Treasury for payment and offset and to Treasury or a Treasury-designated debt collection center for cross-servicing. The Centers for... |
The Commission made 14 recommendations in the general area of aviation safety. Foremost among these is establishing a national goal to reduce the fatal accident rate by 80 percent within 10 years. This is a very challenging goal, particularly in the light of the projected increases in the amount of air traffic in the c... | GAO discussed recommendations contained in the recently released report of the White House Commission on Aviation Safety and Security, focusing on the implementation issues relating to three areas addressed by the Commission: (1) aviation safety; (2) air traffic control (ATC) modernization; and (3) aviation security. G... |
Marketplace lending connects consumers and small businesses seeking online and timelier access to credit with individuals and institutions seeking investment opportunities. Marketplace lenders use traditional and may use less traditional types of data and credit algorithms to assess creditworthiness and underwrite cons... | Advances in technology and the widespread use of the Internet and mobile communication devices have helped fuel the growth in fintech products and services, such as small business financing, student loan refinancing, mobile wallets, virtual currencies, and platforms to connect investors and start-ups. Some fintech prod... |
The Congress enacted the Endangered Species Act in 1973 to conserve threatened or endangered plant and animal species. The act requires the Service to base its determination of whether a species is endangered or threatened solely on the basis of the best available scientific and commercial data. Available data includes... | Recent concerns about the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's (Service) endangered species listing and critical habitat decisions have focused on the role that "sound science" plays in the decision-making process--whether the Service bases its decisions on adequate scientific data and properly interprets those data. In th... |
A fundamental difficulty in discussing federal agencies’ certification requirements is that there is no official definition of the term in the federal government. In fact, a NIST official told us that there are almost as many definitions of a federal certification program as there are federal agencies. Different organi... | Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO reviewed federal agencies' certification requirements for goods and services, focusing on: (1) the extent and variety of certification activities in the federal government; (2) the extent to which there are policies, procedures, or guidance governing those activities, either gov... |
DOD program managers obtain technical data and technical-data rights to enable the department to acquire and sustain weapon systems at the lowest cost, to provide flexibility in future acquisition and sustainment of systems and subsystems, and to maintain those systems. DOD may obtain different levels of rights to tech... | Some of the Department of Defense's (DOD) weapon systems remain in the inventory for decades. Therefore, decisions that program officials make during the acquisition process to acquire or not acquire rights to technical data, which may cost $1 billion, can have far-reaching implications for DOD's ability to sustain and... |
State child welfare systems consist of a complicated network of policies and programs designed to protect children. Today, these systems must respond to growing numbers of children from families with serious and multiple problems. Many of these families also need intensive and long-term interventions to address these p... | Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO reviewed states efforts to improve the permanency planning process and reduce the time a child spends in foster care, focusing on what: (1) statutory and policy changes states have made to limit the time allowed to determine permanent placements for foster children; (2) changes ... |
As we reported in May 2011, DHS implemented the Electronic System for Travel Authorization (ESTA) to meet a statutory requirement intended to enhance Visa Waiver Program security and took steps to minimize the burden on travelers to the United States added by the new requirement. However, DHS had not fully evaluated se... | The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) manages the Visa Waiver Program, which allows nationals from 36 member countries to apply for admission to the United States as temporary visitors for business or pleasure without a visa. From fiscal year 2005 through fiscal year 2010, over 98 million visitors were admitted to ... |
Without meaningful reform, the long-term financial outlook for Medicare is bleak. Together, Hospital Insurance (HI) and Supplementary Medical Insurance (SMI) expenditures are expected to increase dramatically, rising from about 12 percent in 1999 to about a quarter of all federal revenues by mid-century, even without a... | Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO discussed two leading proposals on Medicare reform: (1) the President's Plan to Modernize and Strengthen Medicare for the 21st Century; and (2) S. 1895, entitled the Medicare Preservation and Improvement Act of 1999, which is commonly referred to as the Breax-Frist proposal. GAO... |
The Park Service is the caretaker of many of the nation’s most precious natural and cultural resources. Today, more than 100 years after the first national park was created, the national park system has grown to include 376 units, most of which were created individually through legislation or presidential proclamation.... | Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO reviewed: (1) how the Government Performance and Results Act has influenced planning and budgeting at the National Park Service (NPS); (2) the extent to which strategic and annual planning and budgeting processes have become linked and the challenges in achieving such a linkage;... |
Travelers to the United States are generally required to present documentation verifying their identity and nationality and, for non-U.S. citizens, their eligibility to enter the United States. Acceptable travel documents for entry into the United States include, among others, passports, visas, and U.S military identit... | Travel documents are often used fraudulently in attempts to enter the United States. The integrity of U.S. passports and visas depends on the combination of well-designed security features and solid issuance and inspection processes. GAO was asked to examine (1) the features of U.S. passports and visas and how informat... |
The EITC was enacted in 1975 and was originally intended to offset the burden of Social Security taxes and provide a work incentive for low- income taxpayers. It is a refundable federal income tax credit, meaning that qualifying working taxpayers may receive a refund greater than the amount of income tax they paid for ... | The Advance Earned Income Tax Credit (AEITC) allows individuals to receive a portion of the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) in their paychecks, instead of receiving all of it when filing their year-end tax return. Limited research has been conducted on the AEITC since GAO last examined it in the early 1990s. GAO was as... |
The World Trade Organization (WTO) was established as a result of the Uruguay Round on January 1, 1995, as the successor to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). Based in Geneva, Switzerland, the WTO administers agreed-upon rules for international trade, provides a mechanism for settling disputes, and serv... | The outcome of ongoing World Trade Organization (WTO) negotiations is vital to the U.S. economy, because trade with WTO members accounts for about one-fifth of the U.S. gross domestic product. The current round of trade negotiations--called the Doha Round--was supposed to end by January 2005 with agreement on the key i... |
IRS defines the tax gap as the amount of tax that taxpayers owed but have not paid. IRS estimates the individual income tax gap to be $95.3 billion for 1992. Unreported income accounts for a major portion of this tax gap—$58.6 billion or over 60 percent. In the early 1990s, IRS became concerned that its auditors were n... | Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO reviewed the Internal Revenue Service's (IRS) use of financial status audit techniques to: (1) estimate how frequently IRS used financial status audit techniques in audits closed in tax years prior to the 1994 initiative (1992 and 1993) and in tax years following the 1994 initia... |
Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides have been linked to a variety of health and environmental concerns, and carbon dioxide has been linked to global warming. For example, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides contribute to the formation of fine particles, and nitrogen oxides contribute to the formation of ozone. Both fine ... | Although fossil fuels--coal, natural gas, and oil--account for more than two thirds of the nation's electricity, generating units that burn these fuels are major sources of airborne emissions that pose health and environmental risks. To limit emissions and protect air quality, the Environmental Protection Agency regula... |
The electricity industry is the largest industry in the United States. According to the Department of Energy’s (DOE) Energy Information Administration (EIA), the industry had total assets worth about $700 billion in 1993 and has revenues of about $200 billion annually. Nuclear power plants have provided about 20 percen... | Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO provided information on the potential cost to decommission nuclear power plants and the implications of competition within the electricity industry, focusing on whether: (1) there is adequate assurance that the Nuclear Regulatory Commission's (NRC) licensees are accumulating suf... |
In 1975 Congress created the FEC to administer and enforce the Federal Election Campaign Act. To carry out this role, FEC discloses campaign finance information, enforces provisions of the law such as limits and prohibitions on contributions, and oversees the public funding of presidential elections. Within FEC, the Of... | Events surrounding the last presidential election raised concerns about the people, processes, and technology used to administer elections. GAO has already reported on the scope of congressional authority in election administration and voting assistance to military and overseas citizens. This report focuses on the stat... |
The key objectives of U.S. public diplomacy are to engage, inform, and influence overseas audiences. Public diplomacy is carried out through a wide range of programs that employ person-to-person contacts; print, broadcast, and electronic media; and other means. Traditionally, the State Department’s efforts have focused... | Since the terrorist attacks of 9/11, polling data have generally shown that anti-Americanism has spread and deepened around the world, and several groups have concluded that this trend may have harmed U.S. interests in significant ways. U.S. public diplomacy activities undertaken by the State Department (State) and the... |
The Academy is headed by a Superintendent. The Superintendent reports directly to the head of MARAD, the Maritime Administrator. MARAD, an agency of the Department, is responsible for overseeing and monitoring the Academy. A Deputy Superintendent and four Assistant Superintendents—Administration, Regimental Affairs, Ac... | The U.S. Merchant Marine Academy (Academy), a component of the Department of Transportation's Maritime Administration (MARAD), is one of five U.S. service academies. The Academy is affiliated with 14 non-appropriated fund instrumentalities (NAFI) and two foundations. GAO was asked to determine whether there (1) were an... |
Managed Accounts in Other Workplace Defined Contribution Plans and Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs) As managed accounts have gained popularity in 401(k) plans, there are indications that they may also be gaining popularity in government and non-profit workplace retirement savings plans, commonly referred to as 457... | 401(k) plan sponsors have increasingly offered participants managed accounts— services under which providers manage participants' 401(k) savings over time by making investment and portfolio decisions for them. These services differ from investment options offered within 401(k) plans. Because little is known about wheth... |
In each of our audits and related investigations, we found thousands of federal contractors that owed billions of dollars of federal taxes. Specifically, In February 2004, we testified that DOD and IRS records showed that about 27,000 DOD contractors owed nearly $3 billion in federal taxes. About 42 percent of this $3 ... | Since 1990, GAO has periodically reported on high-risk federal programs that are vulnerable to fraud, waste, and abuse. Two such high-risk areas are managing federal contracts more effectively and assessing the efficiency and effectiveness of federal tax administration. Weaknesses in the tax area continue to expose the... |
CMS calculates payment rates for each Part B drug with information on price data that manufacturers report quarterly to the agency. In reporting their price data to CMS, manufacturers are required to account for price concessions, such as discounts and rebates, which can affect the amount health care providers actually... | In 2005, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS), as required by law, began paying for physician-administered Part B drugs using information on the drugs' average sales price (ASP). Subsequently, CMS selected ASP as the basis to pay for a subset of Part B drugs provided at hospital outpatient departments. To... |
Navy auxiliary ships provide underway replenishment to Navy combatant ships worldwide thereby allowing combatant ships to remain at sea for extended periods. These ships deliver cargo and provide services such as towing and salvage operations. Navy auxiliary ships are crewed either by active duty military personnel or ... | Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO reviewed the Navy's use of alternative crewing arrangements for Navy auxiliary ships, focusing on: (1) the Navy's plans for turning over the operation of military crewed auxiliary ships to its Military Sealift Command (MSC) for civil service or commercial crewing; (2) whether co... |
The Department of the Interior’s Indian education programs derive from the federal government’s trust responsibility to Indian tribes, a responsibility established in federal statutes, treaties, court decisions, and executive actions. It is the policy of the United States to fulfill this trust relationship with and res... | BIE oversees 185 elementary and secondary schools that serve approximately 41,000 students on or near Indian reservations in 23 states. In 2014, Interior's Office of the Assistant Secretary-Indian Affairs funded the operations, maintenance, construction, and repair of about 1,785 educational and dormitory buildings, wh... |
In recent years, Gallup opinion polls have indicated that the American public is concerned about crime and related violence. For example, in a 1995 poll, 27 percent of the respondents listed crime and violence as the most important problems facing the country. Polls also have suggested that tougher anticrime legislatio... | GAO reviewed the trends in U.S. prison inmate populations and operating and capital costs since 1980, including projections for 2000 and beyond and the reasons for the trends and the models and methodologies used by federal and state corrections agencies and nongovernmental forecasting organizations to make these proje... |
The four federal programs we examined were established from 1969 through 2000 for various purposes. The Black Lung Program was established in 1969 as a temporary federal program to provide benefits to coal miners disabled because of pneumoconiosis (black lung disease), and their dependents, until adequate state program... | The U.S. federal government has played an ever-increasing role in providing benefits to individuals injured as a result of exposure to harmful substances. Over the years, it has established several key compensation programs, including the Black Lung Program, the Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (VICP), the Radiation... |
The Niagara Falls Bridge Commission (Commission) owns and operates three of the four international bridges across the Niagara River that link the roadways of New York State and the Province of Ontario in Canada. The Commission is administered by a board of eight commissioners, four of whom are appointed by the Governor... | Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO reviewed the operations of the Niagara Falls Bridge Commission, focusing on its: (1) efforts to finance and administer its 30-year capital program; and (2) internal controls used to ensure that its business affairs are conducted appropriately. GAO found that the Niagara Falls Br... |
Established by Congress in 2000 as a separately organized agency within DOE, NNSA has the primary mission of providing the United States with safe, secure, and reliable nuclear weapons and maintaining core competencies in nuclear weapons science, technology, and engineering. To support this highly technical mission, NN... | The National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) manages and secures the nation's nuclear weapons stockpile, with annual appropriations of about $6.4 billion. NNSA oversees eight contractor-operated sites that execute its programs. Two programs make up almost one-third of this budget: Readiness in Technical Base and... |
As we noted in a past report, the NMTC was created in an effort to increase the amount of capital available to low-income communities, facilitate economic development in these communities, and encourage investment in high-risk areas. In order to achieve these goals, the program allows investors that provide eligible ca... | The Community Renewal Tax Relief Act of 2000 authorized up to $15 billion of allocation authority under the New Markets Tax Credit (NMTC) to stimulate investment in low-income communities. The act mandated that GAO report on the program to Congress by January 31, 2004, 2007, and 2010. Two subsequent laws authorized an ... |
The multibillion dollar AIP provides grant funds for capital development projects at airports included in the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems (NPIAS). In administering AIP, FAA must comply with various statutory formulas and set-asides established by law, which specify how AIP grant funds are to be distribu... | The events of September 11, 2001 created several new challenges for the aviation industry in ensuring the safety and security of the national airport system. Chief among them is deciding to what extent Airport Improvement Program (AIP) grant funds should be used to finance the new security requirements at the nation's ... |
Mitigation efforts are often characterized as structural—for example, building codes and flood control projects, such as dams and levees—and nonstructural—for example, land use planning, zoning, or other methods of minimizing the development of hazardous areas. A well-designed disaster mitigation program is perceived a... | GAO discussed the Federal Emergency Management Agency's (FEMA) disaster mitigation efforts, focusing on: (1) the reasons why disaster mitigation efforts are not always undertaken by state and local governments and individuals; (2) FEMA's efforts to encourage mitigation; and (3) issues that GAO believes are pertinent to... |
GAO has conducted various assessments related to DOD’s ISR enterprise including efforts assessing (1) unmanned aircraft system development, acquisition, and operations; (2) how new ISR requirements are generated; (3) the intelligence information processing, exploitation, and dissemination processes; and (4) other intel... | The success of intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) systems in collecting, processing, and disseminating intelligence information has fueled demand for ISR support, and the Department of Defense (DOD) has significantly increased its investments in ISR capabilities since combat operations began in 2001. ... |
For several years we have reported that DOD faces a range of financial management and related business process challenges that are complex, long-standing, pervasive, and deeply rooted in virtually all business operations throughout the department. As the Comptroller General recently testified and as discussed in our la... | GAO has issued several reports pertaining to the Department of Defense's (DOD) architecture and systems modernization efforts which revealed that many of the underlying conditions that contributed to the failure of prior DOD efforts to improve its business systems remain fundamentally unchanged. The Subcommittee on Ter... |
Data-driven performance reviews are regularly scheduled, structured meetings used by organizational leaders and managers to review and analyze data on progress toward key performance goals and other management-improvement priorities. They are generally used to target areas where leaders want to achieve near-term perfor... | How federal leaders manage the operations and performance of their agencies significantly affects their ability to achieve important outcomes critical to public health and safety. GAO's previous work has identified weaknesses in agencies' use of performance information that can hinder achievement of critical results. T... |
The LDA, as amended by the HLOGA, requires lobbyists to register with the Secretary of the Senate and the Clerk of the House and file quarterly reports disclosing their activities. No specific requirements exist for lobbyists to create or maintain documentation in support of the registrations or reports they file. Unde... | The Honest Leadership and Open Government Act of 2007 amended the Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995 (LDA). This is GAO's third report in response to the LDA's requirement for GAO to annually (1) determine the extent to which lobbyists can demonstrate compliance with the LDA by providing support for information on their r... |
Medicare’s home health care benefit enables beneficiaries with post-acute- care needs and chronic conditions to receive certain skilled nursing, therapy, and aide services in their homes rather than in other settings. To qualify for Medicare’s home health benefit, a beneficiary must be confined to his or her residence ... | With the Health Care Financing Administration's (HCFA) implementation of a prospective payment system, efforts to protect patients from potential underprovision of care and to hold home health agencies (HHA) accountable are essential. Instituting the collection and reporting of Outcome and Assessment Information Set (O... |
For about 30 years, TCMP has been IRS’ primary program for gathering comprehensive and reliable taxpayer compliance data. It is IRS’ only program to measure noncompliance on a random basis, allowing IRS to make statistically reliable estimates of compliance nationwide. IRS uses the data for measuring compliance levels,... | Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO provided information on the Internal Revenue Service's (IRS) Taxpayer Compliance Measurement Program (TCMP) for tax year 1994, focusing on: (1) how IRS addressed the problems identified in a previous GAO report; (2) how persistent problems affect final TCMP results; (3) other in... |
The federal government uses grants to achieve national priorities through nonfederal parties, including state and local governments, educational institutions, and nonprofit organizations. Grant programs are established through legislation and vary in numerous ways including type, size, nature of recipients, and types o... | In 2008 and 2012, GAO reported on hundreds of millions of dollars in undisbursed balances in expired grant accounts in the largest civilian payment system for grants, PMS. GAO was asked to update this work. GAO examined: (1) the extent to which there are undisbursed balances remaining in expired grant accounts in PMS; ... |
ILOVEYOU is both a “virus” and “worm.” Worms propagate themselves through networks; viruses destroy files and replicate themselves by manipulating files. The damage resulting from this particular hybrid— which includes overwhelmed e-mail systems and lost files–is limited to users of the Microsoft Windows operating syst... | Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO discussed the ILOVEYOU computer virus, focusing on measures that can be taken to mitigate the effects of future attacks. GAO noted that: (1) ILOVEYOU is both a virus and a worm; (2) worms propagate themselves through networks, and viruses destroy files and replicate themselves b... |
VA provides nursing home care for some veterans, as required, and makes these services available to other veterans on a discretionary basis, as resources permit. Specifically, VA is required by law to provide nursing home care to any veteran who needs it for a service-connected disability and to any veteran who needs i... | The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) annually provides care to more than 46,000 elderly and disabled veterans in 132 VA-operated nursing homes, called community living centers (CLC). After media reports of problems with the care delivered to veterans in CLCs, VA contracted with the Long Term Care Institute, Inc. (LT... |
Medicare provides health insurance for about 37 million elderly and disabled individuals. This insurance is available in two parts: Part A covers inpatient hospital care and is financed exclusively from a payroll tax. Part B coverage includes physician services, outpatient hospital services, and durable medical equipme... | GAO provided information on Medicare payments for unnecessary medical services, focusing on the: (1) extent to which Medicare contractors employ medical necessity prepayment screens for procedures that are likely to be overused; (2) potential impact of autoadjudicated prepayment screens on Medicare spending; and (3) fe... |
Subsets and Splits
Short Government Reports Sample
Retrieves short reports or summaries from the training dataset, which helps identify potentially incomplete or truncated entries that might need data quality improvement.
Short Government Reports Filtering
Retrieves short reports from the training dataset, providing basic filtering but offering limited analytical value beyond simple length constraints.