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attack-pattern
attack-pattern--9fa07bef-9c81-421e-a8e5-ad4366c5a925
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2018-04-18T17:59:24.739000Z
2022-10-21T14:35:00.274000Z
Trusted Relationship
Adversaries may breach or otherwise leverage organizations who have access to intended victims. Access through trusted third party relationship abuses an existing connection that may not be protected or receives less scrutiny than standard mechanisms of gaining access to a network. Organizations often grant elevated a...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "initial-access" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1199", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1199" }, { "description": "CISA. (n.d.). APTs Targeting IT Service Provider Customers. Retrieved November 16, 2020.", "external_id": null, "source_name": "CISA I...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
Establish monitoring for activity conducted by second and third party providers and other trusted entities that may be leveraged as a means to gain access to the network. Depending on the type of relationship, an adversary may have access to significant amounts of information about the target before conducting an opera...
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
false
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "Windows", "SaaS", "IaaS", "Linux", "macOS", "Office 365" ]
2.3
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--a009cb25-4801-4116-9105-80a91cf15c1b
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2020-01-29T17:32:30.711000Z
2024-03-28T16:14:28.678000Z
Cloud Account
Adversaries may create a cloud account to maintain access to victim systems. With a sufficient level of access, such accounts may be used to establish secondary credentialed access that does not require persistent remote access tools to be deployed on the system.(Citation: Microsoft O365 Admin Roles)(Citation: Microsof...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "persistence" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1136.003", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1136/003" }, { "description": "Ako-Adjei, K., Dickhaus, M., Baumgartner, P., Faigel, D., et. al.. (2019, October 8). About admin roles. Retrieved October 18, 2019.",...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
Collect usage logs from cloud user and administrator accounts to identify unusual activity in the creation of new accounts and assignment of roles to those accounts. Monitor for accounts assigned to admin roles that go over a certain threshold of known admins.
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
true
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "Azure AD", "Office 365", "IaaS", "Google Workspace", "SaaS" ]
1.5
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--a01bf75f-00b2-4568-a58f-565ff9bf202b
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2020-03-12T19:29:21.013000Z
2023-04-07T17:14:42.184000Z
Local Groups
Adversaries may attempt to find local system groups and permission settings. The knowledge of local system permission groups can help adversaries determine which groups exist and which users belong to a particular group. Adversaries may use this information to determine which users have elevated permissions, such as th...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "discovery" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1069.001", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1069/001" } ]
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
System and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as Lateral Movement, based on the information obtained. Monitor processe...
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
true
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "Linux", "macOS", "Windows" ]
1.2
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--a0e6614a-7740-4b24-bd65-f1bde09fc365
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2020-10-02T16:48:04.509000Z
2022-10-18T22:48:33.286000Z
Search Open Websites/Domains
Adversaries may search freely available websites and/or domains for information about victims that can be used during targeting. Information about victims may be available in various online sites, such as social media, new sites, or those hosting information about business operations such as hiring or requested/rewarde...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "reconnaissance" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1593", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593" }, { "description": "Borges, E. (2019, March 5). Exploring Google Hacking Techniques. Retrieved October 20, 2020.", "external_id": null, "source_name": "Se...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders. Detection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initia...
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
false
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "PRE" ]
1.1
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--a10641f4-87b4-45a3-a906-92a149cb2c27
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2017-05-31T21:31:12.196000Z
2024-01-16T22:24:38.234000Z
Account Manipulation
Adversaries may manipulate accounts to maintain and/or elevate access to victim systems. Account manipulation may consist of any action that preserves or modifies adversary access to a compromised account, such as modifying credentials or permission groups.(Citation: FireEye SMOKEDHAM June 2021) These actions could als...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "persistence" }, { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1098", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1098" }, { "description": "FireEye. (2021, June 16). Smoking Out a DARKSIDE Affiliate’s Supply Chain Software Compromise. Retrieved September 22, 2021.", "external_i...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
Collect events that correlate with changes to account objects and/or permissions on systems and the domain, such as event IDs 4738, 4728 and 4670.(Citation: Microsoft User Modified Event)(Citation: Microsoft Security Event 4670)(Citation: Microsoft Security Event 4670) Monitor for modification of accounts in correlatio...
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
false
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "Windows", "Azure AD", "Office 365", "IaaS", "Linux", "macOS", "Google Workspace", "SaaS", "Network", "Containers" ]
2.6
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--a19e86f8-1c0a-4fea-8407-23b73d615776
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2017-05-31T21:30:44.720000Z
2023-04-15T00:58:36.287000Z
Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol
Adversaries may steal data by exfiltrating it over a different protocol than that of the existing command and control channel. The data may also be sent to an alternate network location from the main command and control server. Alternate protocols include FTP, SMTP, HTTP/S, DNS, SMB, or any other network protocol no...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "exfiltration" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1048", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1048" }, { "description": "Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.", ...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
Analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect communications that do not follow...
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
false
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "Linux", "macOS", "Windows", "Office 365", "SaaS", "IaaS", "Google Workspace", "Network" ]
1.4
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--a1b52199-c8c5-438a-9ded-656f1d0888c6
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2020-01-24T17:42:23.339000Z
2022-04-20T18:53:39.406000Z
Kernel Modules and Extensions
Adversaries may modify the kernel to automatically execute programs on system boot. Loadable Kernel Modules (LKMs) are pieces of code that can be loaded and unloaded into the kernel upon demand. They extend the functionality of the kernel without the need to reboot the system. For example, one type of module is the dev...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "persistence" }, { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1547.006", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547/006" }, { "description": "Apple. (2019, May 3). Configuration Profile Reference. Retrieved September 23, 2021.", "external_id": null, "source_name": "Ap...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
Loading, unloading, and manipulating modules on Linux systems can be detected by monitoring for the following commands: <code>modprobe</code>, <code>insmod</code>, <code>lsmod</code>, <code>rmmod</code>, or <code>modinfo</code> (Citation: Linux Loadable Kernel Module Insert and Remove LKMs) LKMs are typically loaded in...
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
true
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "macOS", "Linux" ]
1.3
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--a2029942-0a85-4947-b23c-ca434698171d
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2020-02-11T18:58:45.908000Z
2024-04-15T23:39:31.474000Z
GUI Input Capture
Adversaries may mimic common operating system GUI components to prompt users for credentials with a seemingly legitimate prompt. When programs are executed that need additional privileges than are present in the current user context, it is common for the operating system to prompt the user for proper credentials to aut...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "collection" }, { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "credential-access" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1056.002", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1056/002" }, { "description": "Foss, G. (2014, October 3). Do You Trust Your Computer?. Retrieved December 17, 2018.", "external_id": null, "source_name": "L...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
Monitor process execution for unusual programs as well as malicious instances of [Command and Scripting Interpreter](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059) that could be used to prompt users for credentials. For example, command/script history including abnormal parameters (such as requests for credentials and/or s...
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
true
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "macOS", "Windows", "Linux" ]
1.3
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--a2fdce72-04b2-409a-ac10-cc1695f4fce0
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2020-10-01T02:08:33.977000Z
2021-10-17T16:17:55.499000Z
Tool
Adversaries may buy, steal, or download software tools that can be used during targeting. Tools can be open or closed source, free or commercial. A tool can be used for malicious purposes by an adversary, but (unlike malware) were not intended to be used for those purposes (ex: [PsExec](https://attack.mitre.org/softwar...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "resource-development" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1588.002", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588/002" }, { "description": "Recorded Future. (2019, June 20). Out of the Blue: How Recorded Future Identified Rogue Cobalt Strike Servers. Retrieved October 16, 2...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
In some cases, malware repositories can also be used to identify features of tool use associated with an adversary, such as watermarks in [Cobalt Strike](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0154) payloads.(Citation: Analyzing CS Dec 2020) Much of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organi...
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
true
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "PRE" ]
1.1
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--a3e1e6c5-9c74-4fc0-a16c-a9d228c17829
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2020-03-11T13:50:11.467000Z
2021-10-15T22:48:29.490000Z
Exfiltration over USB
Adversaries may attempt to exfiltrate data over a USB connected physical device. In certain circumstances, such as an air-gapped network compromise, exfiltration could occur via a USB device introduced by a user. The USB device could be used as the final exfiltration point or to hop between otherwise disconnected syste...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "exfiltration" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1052.001", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1052/001" } ]
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
Monitor file access on removable media. Detect processes that execute when removable media are mounted.
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
true
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "Linux", "macOS", "Windows" ]
1.1
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--a4657bc9-d22f-47d2-a7b7-dd6ec33f3dde
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2022-02-25T15:27:44.927000Z
2022-03-22T15:47:33.915000Z
KernelCallbackTable
Adversaries may abuse the <code>KernelCallbackTable</code> of a process to hijack its execution flow in order to run their own payloads.(Citation: Lazarus APT January 2022)(Citation: FinFisher exposed ) The <code>KernelCallbackTable</code> can be found in the Process Environment Block (PEB) and is initialized to an arr...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "persistence" }, { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" }, { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "defense-evasion" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1574.013", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/013" }, { "description": "Saini, A. and Hossein, J. (2022, January 27). North Korea’s Lazarus APT leverages Windows Update client, GitHub in latest campaign. Re...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
Analyze process behavior to determine if a process is performing actions it usually does not, such as opening network connections, reading files, or other suspicious behaviors that could relate to post-compromise behavior. Monitoring Windows API calls indicative of the various types of code injection may generate a si...
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
true
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "Windows" ]
1.0
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--a51eb150-93b1-484b-a503-e51453b127a4
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2020-10-02T17:01:42.558000Z
2021-04-15T03:45:31.020000Z
Search Closed Sources
Adversaries may search and gather information about victims from closed sources that can be used during targeting. Information about victims may be available for purchase from reputable private sources and databases, such as paid subscriptions to feeds of technical/threat intelligence data.(Citation: D3Secutrity CTI Fe...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "reconnaissance" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1597", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1597" }, { "description": "Banerd, W. (2019, April 30). 10 of the Best Open Source Threat Intelligence Feeds. Retrieved October 20, 2020.", "external_id": null, ...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders. Detection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initia...
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
false
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "PRE" ]
1.0
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--a542bac9-7bc1-4da7-9a09-96f69e23cc21
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2020-10-12T17:50:31.584000Z
2023-09-08T11:56:26.862000Z
Systemd Timers
Adversaries may abuse systemd timers to perform task scheduling for initial or recurring execution of malicious code. Systemd timers are unit files with file extension <code>.timer</code> that control services. Timers can be set to run on a calendar event or after a time span relative to a starting point. They can be u...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "execution" }, { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "persistence" }, { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1053.006", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1053/006" }, { "description": "Aaron Kili. (2018, January 16). How to Control Systemd Services on Remote Linux Server. Retrieved July 26, 2021.", "external_id": ...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
Systemd timer unit files may be detected by auditing file creation and modification events within the <code>/etc/systemd/system</code>, <code>/usr/lib/systemd/system/</code>, and <code>~/.config/systemd/user/</code> directories, as well as associated symbolic links. Suspicious processes or scripts spawned in this manne...
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
true
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "Linux" ]
1.2
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--a62a8db3-f23a-4d8f-afd6-9dbc77e7813b
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2020-03-02T18:45:07.892000Z
2024-03-01T16:56:32.245000Z
Phishing
Adversaries may send phishing messages to gain access to victim systems. All forms of phishing are electronically delivered social engineering. Phishing can be targeted, known as spearphishing. In spearphishing, a specific individual, company, or industry will be targeted by the adversary. More generally, adversaries c...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "initial-access" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1566", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566" }, { "description": "Australian Cyber Security Centre. (2012, December). Mitigating Spoofed Emails Using Sender Policy Framework. Retrieved October 19, 2020.", ...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
Network intrusion detection systems and email gateways can be used to detect phishing with malicious attachments in transit. Detonation chambers may also be used to identify malicious attachments. Solutions can be signature and behavior based, but adversaries may construct attachments in a way to avoid these systems. ...
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
false
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "Linux", "macOS", "Windows", "SaaS", "Office 365", "Google Workspace" ]
2.5
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--a6557c75-798f-42e4-be70-ab4502e0a3bc
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2020-10-20T00:05:48.790000Z
2020-10-22T02:18:19.568000Z
ROMMONkit
Adversaries may abuse the ROM Monitor (ROMMON) by loading an unauthorized firmware with adversary code to provide persistent access and manipulate device behavior that is difficult to detect. (Citation: Cisco Synful Knock Evolution)(Citation: Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks) ROMMON is a Cisco network device firmware...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "defense-evasion" }, { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "persistence" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1542.004", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1542/004" }, { "description": "Graham Holmes. (2015, October 8). Evolution of attacks on Cisco IOS devices. Retrieved October 19, 2020.", "external_id": null, ...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
There are no documented means for defenders to validate the operation of the ROMMON outside of vendor support. If a network device is suspected of being compromised, contact the vendor to assist in further investigation.
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
true
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "Network" ]
1.0
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--a6937325-9321-4e2e-bb2b-3ed2d40b2a9d
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2020-01-23T18:53:54.377000Z
2023-10-18T16:31:56.936000Z
Compiled HTML File
Adversaries may abuse Compiled HTML files (.chm) to conceal malicious code. CHM files are commonly distributed as part of the Microsoft HTML Help system. CHM files are compressed compilations of various content such as HTML documents, images, and scripting/web related programming languages such VBA, JScript, Java, and ...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "defense-evasion" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1218.001", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/001" }, { "description": "Microsoft. (2017, August 8). CVE-2017-8625 - Internet Explorer Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability. Retrieved October 3, 2018.", ...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
Monitor and analyze the execution and arguments of hh.exe. (Citation: MsitPros CHM Aug 2017) Compare recent invocations of hh.exe with prior history of known good arguments to determine anomalous and potentially adversarial activity (ex: obfuscated and/or malicious commands). Non-standard process execution trees may al...
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
true
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "Windows" ]
2.1
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--a750a9f6-0bde-4bb3-9aae-1e2786e9780c
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2020-01-31T12:39:18.816000Z
2023-04-13T17:15:56.948000Z
Network Share Connection Removal
Adversaries may remove share connections that are no longer useful in order to clean up traces of their operation. Windows shared drive and [SMB/Windows Admin Shares](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/002) connections can be removed when no longer needed. [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039) is an exa...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "defense-evasion" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1070.005", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1070/005" }, { "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Net Use. Retrieved November 25, 2016.", "external_id": null, "source_name": "Technet Net Use", "url": "...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
Network share connections may be common depending on how an network environment is used. Monitor command-line invocation of <code>net use</code> commands associated with establishing and removing remote shares over SMB, including following best practices for detection of [Windows Admin Shares](https://attack.mitre.org/...
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
true
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "Windows" ]
1.1
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--a782ebe2-daba-42c7-bc82-e8e9d923162d
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2020-03-14T23:23:41.770000Z
2024-04-19T13:24:36.872000Z
Multi-hop Proxy
Adversaries may chain together multiple proxies to disguise the source of malicious traffic. Typically, a defender will be able to identify the last proxy traffic traversed before it enters their network; the defender may or may not be able to identify any previous proxies before the last-hop proxy. This technique make...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "command-and-control" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1090.003", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1090/003" }, { "description": "Robert Falcone, Jeff White, and Peter Renals. (2021, November 7). Targeted Attack Campaign Against ManageEngine ADSelfService Plus Del...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
When observing use of Multi-hop proxies, network data from the actual command and control servers could allow correlating incoming and outgoing flows to trace malicious traffic back to its source. Multi-hop proxies can also be detected by alerting on traffic to known anonymity networks (such as [Tor](https://attack.mit...
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
true
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "Linux", "macOS", "Windows", "Network" ]
2.1
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--a93494bb-4b80-4ea1-8695-3236a49916fd
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2017-05-31T21:31:22.767000Z
2024-01-29T18:53:26.593000Z
Brute Force
Adversaries may use brute force techniques to gain access to accounts when passwords are unknown or when password hashes are obtained.(Citation: TrendMicro Pawn Storm Dec 2020) Without knowledge of the password for an account or set of accounts, an adversary may systematically guess the password using a repetitive or i...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "credential-access" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1110", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110" }, { "description": "Hacquebord, F., Remorin, L. (2020, December 17). Pawn Storm’s Lack of Sophistication as a Strategy. Retrieved January 13, 2021.", "externa...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
Monitor authentication logs for system and application login failures of [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078). If authentication failures are high, then there may be a brute force attempt to gain access to a system using legitimate credentials. Also monitor for many failed authentication attempts...
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
false
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "Windows", "Azure AD", "Office 365", "SaaS", "IaaS", "Linux", "macOS", "Google Workspace", "Containers", "Network" ]
2.5
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--a9d4b653-6915-42af-98b2-5758c4ceee56
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2020-03-09T14:15:05.330000Z
2024-04-16T12:24:40.163000Z
Unix Shell
Adversaries may abuse Unix shell commands and scripts for execution. Unix shells are the primary command prompt on Linux and macOS systems, though many variations of the Unix shell exist (e.g. sh, bash, zsh, etc.) depending on the specific OS or distribution.(Citation: DieNet Bash)(Citation: Apple ZShell) Unix shells c...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "execution" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1059.004", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/004" }, { "description": "Apple. (2020, January 28). Use zsh as the default shell on your Mac. Retrieved June 12, 2020.", "external_id": null, "source_n...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
Unix shell usage may be common on administrator, developer, or power user systems, depending on job function. If scripting is restricted for normal users, then any attempt to enable scripts running on a system would be considered suspicious. If scripts are not commonly used on a system, but enabled, scripts running out...
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
true
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "macOS", "Linux", "Network" ]
1.2
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--a9e2cea0-c805-4bf8-9e31-f5f0513a3634
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2019-11-07T20:06:02.624000Z
2021-08-16T21:29:19.697000Z
Outlook Forms
Adversaries may abuse Microsoft Outlook forms to obtain persistence on a compromised system. Outlook forms are used as templates for presentation and functionality in Outlook messages. Custom Outlook forms can be created that will execute code when a specifically crafted email is sent by an adversary utilizing the same...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "persistence" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1137.003", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1137/003" }, { "description": "Stalmans, E. (2017, April 28). Outlook Forms and Shells. Retrieved February 4, 2019.", "external_id": null, "source_name": "Se...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
Microsoft has released a PowerShell script to safely gather mail forwarding rules and custom forms in your mail environment as well as steps to interpret the output.(Citation: Microsoft Detect Outlook Forms) SensePost, whose tool [Ruler](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0358) can be used to carry out malicious rules,...
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
true
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "Windows", "Office 365" ]
1.1
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--ac08589e-ee59-4935-8667-d845e38fe579
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2020-02-21T20:32:20.810000Z
2024-04-12T21:13:46.640000Z
Disable or Modify Tools
Adversaries may modify and/or disable security tools to avoid possible detection of their malware/tools and activities. This may take many forms, such as killing security software processes or services, modifying / deleting Registry keys or configuration files so that tools do not operate properly, or other methods to ...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "defense-evasion" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1562.001", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1562/001" }, { "description": " Guillaume Lovet and Alex Kong. (2023, March 9). Analysis of FG-IR-22-369. Retrieved May 15, 2023.", "external_id": null, "sou...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
Monitor processes and command-line arguments to see if security tools/services are killed or stop running. Monitor Registry edits for modifications to services and startup programs that correspond to security tools. Monitoring for changes to other known features used by deployed security tools may also expose malicious...
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
true
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "Windows", "macOS", "Linux", "Containers", "IaaS", "Network" ]
1.5
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--ac9e6b22-11bf-45d7-9181-c1cb08360931
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2020-03-02T14:19:22.609000Z
2024-02-02T17:18:39.004000Z
Data Manipulation
Adversaries may insert, delete, or manipulate data in order to influence external outcomes or hide activity, thus threatening the integrity of the data.(Citation: Sygnia Elephant Beetle Jan 2022) By manipulating data, adversaries may attempt to affect a business process, organizational understanding, or decision making...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "impact" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1565", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1565" }, { "description": "Sygnia Incident Response Team. (2022, January 5). TG2003: ELEPHANT BEETLE UNCOVERING AN ORGANIZED FINANCIAL-THEFT OPERATION. Retrieved Februar...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
Where applicable, inspect important file hashes, locations, and modifications for suspicious/unexpected values. With some critical processes involving transmission of data, manual or out-of-band integrity checking may be useful for identifying manipulated data.
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
false
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "Linux", "macOS", "Windows" ]
1.1
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--acd0ba37-7ba9-4cc5-ac61-796586cd856d
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2020-02-12T14:08:48.689000Z
2022-03-11T20:23:23.122000Z
Inter-Process Communication
Adversaries may abuse inter-process communication (IPC) mechanisms for local code or command execution. IPC is typically used by processes to share data, communicate with each other, or synchronize execution. IPC is also commonly used to avoid situations such as deadlocks, which occurs when processes are stuck in a cyc...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "execution" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1559", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1559" }, { "description": "N/A. (2021, April 1). Inter Process Communication (IPC). Retrieved March 11, 2022.", "external_id": null, "source_name": "Linux IPC", ...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
Monitor for strings in files/commands, loaded DLLs/libraries, or spawned processes that are associated with abuse of IPC mechanisms.
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
false
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "Windows", "macOS", "Linux" ]
1.2
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--ad255bfe-a9e6-4b52-a258-8d3462abe842
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2017-05-31T21:30:18.931000Z
2024-02-02T19:04:35.389000Z
Data Obfuscation
Adversaries may obfuscate command and control traffic to make it more difficult to detect.(Citation: Bitdefender FunnyDream Campaign November 2020) Command and control (C2) communications are hidden (but not necessarily encrypted) in an attempt to make the content more difficult to discover or decipher and to make the ...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "command-and-control" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1001", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1001" }, { "description": "Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.", ...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
Analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect communications that do not follow...
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
false
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "Linux", "macOS", "Windows" ]
1.1
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--ae676644-d2d2-41b7-af7e-9bed1b55898c
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2017-05-31T21:30:41.022000Z
2023-08-11T21:06:07.690000Z
Data from Network Shared Drive
Adversaries may search network shares on computers they have compromised to find files of interest. Sensitive data can be collected from remote systems via shared network drives (host shared directory, network file server, etc.) that are accessible from the current system prior to Exfiltration. Interactive command shel...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "collection" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1039", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1039" } ]
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
Monitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to collect files from a network share. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather data. Data may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrume...
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
false
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "Linux", "macOS", "Windows" ]
1.4
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--ae797531-3219-49a4-bccf-324ad7a4c7b2
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2020-10-01T01:01:00.176000Z
2023-04-12T20:19:21.620000Z
Web Services
Adversaries may compromise access to third-party web services that can be used during targeting. A variety of popular websites exist for legitimate users to register for web-based services, such as GitHub, Twitter, Dropbox, Google, SendGrid, etc. Adversaries may try to take ownership of a legitimate user's access to a ...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "resource-development" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1584.006", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584/006" }, { "description": "Insikt Group. (2020, March 12). Swallowing the Snake’s Tail: Tracking Turla Infrastructure. Retrieved October 20, 2020.", "externa...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
Once adversaries leverage the abused web service as infrastructure (ex: for command and control), it may be possible to look for unique characteristics associated with adversary software, if known.(Citation: ThreatConnect Infrastructure Dec 2020) Much of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the targ...
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
true
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "PRE" ]
1.2
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--ae7f3575-0a5e-427e-991b-fe03ad44c754
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2020-10-19T19:42:19.740000Z
2020-10-22T17:50:47.635000Z
Modify System Image
Adversaries may make changes to the operating system of embedded network devices to weaken defenses and provide new capabilities for themselves. On such devices, the operating systems are typically monolithic and most of the device functionality and capabilities are contained within a single file. To change the opera...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "defense-evasion" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1601", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601" }, { "description": "Cisco. (n.d.). Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Cisco IOS Image File Verification. Retrieved October 19, 2020.", "external_id": nu...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
Most embedded network devices provide a command to print the version of the currently running operating system. Use this command to query the operating system for its version number and compare it to what is expected for the device in question. Because this method may be used in conjunction with [Patch System Image](...
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
false
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "Network" ]
1.0
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--aedfca76-3b30-4866-b2aa-0f1d7fd1e4b6
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2020-03-12T20:38:12.465000Z
2023-11-21T20:02:33.404000Z
Hijack Execution Flow
Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by hijacking the way operating systems run programs. Hijacking execution flow can be for the purposes of persistence, since this hijacked execution may reoccur over time. Adversaries may also use these mechanisms to elevate privileges or evade defenses, such as appli...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "persistence" }, { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" }, { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "defense-evasion" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1574", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574" }, { "description": "Mark Russinovich. (2019, June 28). Autoruns for Windows v13.96. Retrieved March 13, 2020.", "external_id": null, "source_name": "Autor...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
Monitor file systems for moving, renaming, replacing, or modifying DLLs. Changes in the set of DLLs that are loaded by a process (compared with past behavior) that do not correlate with known software, patches, etc., are suspicious. Monitor DLLs loaded into a process and detect DLLs that have the same file name but abn...
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
false
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "Linux", "macOS", "Windows" ]
1.2
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--b0533c6e-8fea-4788-874f-b799cacc4b92
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2020-03-19T21:27:32.820000Z
2022-04-28T16:07:48.062000Z
Indicator Removal from Tools
Adversaries may remove indicators from tools if they believe their malicious tool was detected, quarantined, or otherwise curtailed. They can modify the tool by removing the indicator and using the updated version that is no longer detected by the target's defensive systems or subsequent targets that may use similar sy...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "defense-evasion" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1027.005", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/005" } ]
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
The first detection of a malicious tool may trigger an anti-virus or other security tool alert. Similar events may also occur at the boundary through network IDS, email scanning appliance, etc. The initial detection should be treated as an indication of a potentially more invasive intrusion. The alerting system should ...
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
true
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "Linux", "macOS", "Windows" ]
1.1
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--b0c74ef9-c61e-4986-88cb-78da98a355ec
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2021-03-30T17:20:05.789000Z
2021-08-26T16:42:35.318000Z
Malicious Image
Adversaries may rely on a user running a malicious image to facilitate execution. Amazon Web Services (AWS) Amazon Machine Images (AMIs), Google Cloud Platform (GCP) Images, and Azure Images as well as popular container runtimes such as Docker can be backdoored. Backdoored images may be uploaded to a public repository ...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "execution" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1204.003", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204/003" }, { "description": "Piper, S.. (2018, September 24). Investigating Malicious AMIs. Retrieved March 30, 2021.", "external_id": null, "source_name":...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
Monitor the local image registry to make sure malicious images are not added. Track the deployment of new containers, especially from newly built images. Monitor the behavior of containers within the environment to detect anomalous behavior or malicious activity after users deploy from malicious images.
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
true
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "IaaS", "Containers" ]
1.1
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--b0e54bf7-835e-4f44-bd8e-62f431b9b76a
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2024-02-15T13:41:46.784000Z
2024-04-16T12:35:38.832000Z
Container Service
Adversaries may create or modify container or container cluster management tools that run as daemons, agents, or services on individual hosts. These include software for creating and managing individual containers, such as Docker and Podman, as well as container cluster node-level agents such as kubelet. By modifying t...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "persistence" }, { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1543.005", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/005" }, { "description": "Abhisek Datta. (2020, March 18). Kubernetes Namespace Breakout using Insecure Host Path Volume — Part 1. Retrieved January 16, 2024.",...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
true
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "Containers" ]
1.0
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--b17a1a56-e99c-403c-8948-561df0cffe81
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2017-05-31T21:31:00.645000Z
2023-03-30T21:01:51.631000Z
Valid Accounts
Adversaries may obtain and abuse credentials of existing accounts as a means of gaining Initial Access, Persistence, Privilege Escalation, or Defense Evasion. Compromised credentials may be used to bypass access controls placed on various resources on systems within the network and may even be used for persistent acces...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "defense-evasion" }, { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "persistence" }, { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" }, { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "ini...
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1078", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078" }, { "description": "Adair, S., Lancaster, T., Volexity Threat Research. (2022, June 15). DriftingCloud: Zero-Day Sophos Firewall Exploitation and an Insidious Bre...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
Configure robust, consistent account activity audit policies across the enterprise and with externally accessible services.(Citation: TechNet Audit Policy) Look for suspicious account behavior across systems that share accounts, either user, admin, or service accounts. Examples: one account logged into multiple systems...
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
false
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "Windows", "Azure AD", "Office 365", "SaaS", "IaaS", "Linux", "macOS", "Google Workspace", "Containers", "Network" ]
2.6
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--b18eae87-b469-4e14-b454-b171b416bc18
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2020-03-14T18:18:32.443000Z
2023-02-28T22:28:35.202000Z
Non-Standard Port
Adversaries may communicate using a protocol and port pairing that are typically not associated. For example, HTTPS over port 8088(Citation: Symantec Elfin Mar 2019) or port 587(Citation: Fortinet Agent Tesla April 2018) as opposed to the traditional port 443. Adversaries may make changes to the standard port used by a...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "command-and-control" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1571", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1571" }, { "description": "Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.", ...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
Analyze packet contents to detect communications that do not follow the expected protocol behavior for the port that is being used. Analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have netw...
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
false
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "Linux", "macOS", "Windows" ]
1.1
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--b1ccd744-3f78-4a0e-9bb2-2002057f7928
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2020-10-01T01:08:41.124000Z
2021-10-16T17:37:34.563000Z
Social Media Accounts
Adversaries may create and cultivate social media accounts that can be used during targeting. Adversaries can create social media accounts that can be used to build a persona to further operations. Persona development consists of the development of public information, presence, history and appropriate affiliations.(Cit...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "resource-development" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1585.001", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1585/001" }, { "description": "Lennon, M. (2014, May 29). Iranian Hackers Targeted US Officials in Elaborate Social Media Attack Operation. Retrieved March 1, 2017."...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
Consider monitoring social media activity related to your organization. Suspicious activity may include personas claiming to work for your organization or recently created/modified accounts making numerous connection requests to accounts affiliated with your organization. Detection efforts may be focused on related st...
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
true
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "PRE" ]
1.1
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--b200542e-e877-4395-875b-cf1a44537ca4
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2020-01-14T17:21:54.470000Z
2023-08-11T21:37:00.009000Z
Process Hollowing
Adversaries may inject malicious code into suspended and hollowed processes in order to evade process-based defenses. Process hollowing is a method of executing arbitrary code in the address space of a separate live process. Process hollowing is commonly performed by creating a process in a suspended state then unma...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "defense-evasion" }, { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1055.012", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/012" }, { "description": "Daman, R. (2020, February 4). The return of the spoof part 2: Command line spoofing. Retrieved November 19, 2021.", "external_id":...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
Monitoring Windows API calls indicative of the various types of code injection may generate a significant amount of data and may not be directly useful for defense unless collected under specific circumstances for known bad sequences of calls, since benign use of API functions may be common and difficult to distinguish...
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
true
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "Windows" ]
1.3
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--b21c3b2d-02e6-45b1-980b-e69051040839
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2017-05-31T21:30:55.066000Z
2023-04-07T17:13:54.168000Z
Exploitation for Privilege Escalation
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to elevate privileges. Exploitation of a software vulnerability occurs when an adversary takes advantage of a programming error in a program, service, or within the operating system software or kernel itself to execute adversary-controlled code. Security co...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1068", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1068" }, { "description": "Hromcova, Z. and Cherpanov, A. (2020, June). INVISIMOLE: THE HIDDEN PART OF THE STORY. Retrieved July 16, 2020.", "external_id": null, ...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
Detecting software exploitation may be difficult depending on the tools available. Software exploits may not always succeed or may cause the exploited process to become unstable or crash. Also look for behavior on the endpoint system that might indicate successful compromise, such as abnormal behavior of the processes....
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
false
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "Linux", "macOS", "Windows", "Containers" ]
1.5
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--b22e5153-ac28-4cc6-865c-2054e36285cb
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2021-10-12T20:02:31.866000Z
2022-05-05T05:10:23.890000Z
Resource Forking
Adversaries may abuse resource forks to hide malicious code or executables to evade detection and bypass security applications. A resource fork provides applications a structured way to store resources such as thumbnail images, menu definitions, icons, dialog boxes, and code.(Citation: macOS Hierarchical File System Ov...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "defense-evasion" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1564.009", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1564/009" }, { "description": "Erika Noerenberg. (2020, June 29). TAU Threat Analysis: Bundlore (macOS) mm-install-macos. Retrieved October 12, 2021.", "external...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
Identify files with the <code>com.apple.ResourceFork</code> extended attribute and large data amounts stored in resource forks. Monitor command-line activity leveraging the use of resource forks, especially those immediately followed by potentially malicious activity such as creating network connections.
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
true
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "macOS" ]
1.0
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--b24e2a20-3b3d-4bf0-823b-1ed765398fb0
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2019-10-09T18:48:31.906000Z
2023-03-22T20:39:15.680000Z
Account Access Removal
Adversaries may interrupt availability of system and network resources by inhibiting access to accounts utilized by legitimate users. Accounts may be deleted, locked, or manipulated (ex: changed credentials) to remove access to accounts. Adversaries may also subsequently log off and/or perform a [System Shutdown/Reboot...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "impact" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1531", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1531" }, { "description": "CarbonBlack Threat Analysis Unit. (2019, March 22). TAU Threat Intelligence Notification – LockerGoga Ransomware. Retrieved April 16, 2019.", ...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
Use process monitoring to monitor the execution and command line parameters of binaries involved in deleting accounts or changing passwords, such as use of [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039). Windows event logs may also designate activity associated with an adversary's attempt to remove access to an account...
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
false
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "Linux", "macOS", "Windows", "Office 365", "SaaS" ]
1.2
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--b2d03cea-aec1-45ca-9744-9ee583c1e1cc
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2020-02-11T18:39:59.959000Z
2024-03-07T14:28:02.910000Z
Credential Stuffing
Adversaries may use credentials obtained from breach dumps of unrelated accounts to gain access to target accounts through credential overlap. Occasionally, large numbers of username and password pairs are dumped online when a website or service is compromised and the user account credentials accessed. The information ...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "credential-access" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1110.004", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110/004" }, { "description": "US-CERT. (2018, March 27). TA18-068A Brute Force Attacks Conducted by Cyber Actors. Retrieved October 2, 2019.", "external_id": nu...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
Monitor authentication logs for system and application login failures of [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078). If authentication failures are high, then there may be a brute force attempt to gain access to a system using legitimate credentials.
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
true
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "Windows", "Azure AD", "Office 365", "SaaS", "IaaS", "Linux", "macOS", "Google Workspace", "Containers", "Network" ]
1.5
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2017-05-31T21:30:32.662000Z
2024-04-16T12:27:18.945000Z
Obfuscated Files or Information
Adversaries may attempt to make an executable or file difficult to discover or analyze by encrypting, encoding, or otherwise obfuscating its contents on the system or in transit. This is common behavior that can be used across different platforms and the network to evade defenses. Payloads may be compressed, archived...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "defense-evasion" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1027", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027" }, { "description": "Adair, S.. (2016, November 9). PowerDuke: Widespread Post-Election Spear Phishing Campaigns Targeting Think Tanks and NGOs. Retrieved January ...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
Detection of file obfuscation is difficult unless artifacts are left behind by the obfuscation process that are uniquely detectable with a signature. If detection of the obfuscation itself is not possible, it may be possible to detect the malicious activity that caused the obfuscated file (for example, the method that ...
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
false
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "Linux", "macOS", "Windows", "Network" ]
1.6
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--b4409cd8-0da9-46e1-a401-a241afd4d1cc
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2022-05-31T19:31:38.431000Z
2024-04-16T00:20:21.488000Z
Multi-Factor Authentication
Adversaries may disable or modify multi-factor authentication (MFA) mechanisms to enable persistent access to compromised accounts. Once adversaries have gained access to a network by either compromising an account lacking MFA or by employing an MFA bypass method such as [Multi-Factor Authentication Request Generation...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "credential-access" }, { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "defense-evasion" }, { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "persistence" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1556.006", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1556/006" }, { "description": "Cyber Security Infrastructure Agency. (2022, March 15). Russian State-Sponsored Cyber Actors Gain Network Access by Exploiting Default...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
true
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "Windows", "Azure AD", "Office 365", "SaaS", "IaaS", "Google Workspace", "Linux", "macOS" ]
1.2
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--b4694861-542c-48ea-9eb1-10d356e7140a
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2020-02-19T18:52:24.547000Z
2023-05-31T12:34:03.420000Z
Remote Email Collection
Adversaries may target an Exchange server, Office 365, or Google Workspace to collect sensitive information. Adversaries may leverage a user's credentials and interact directly with the Exchange server to acquire information from within a network. Adversaries may also access externally facing Exchange services, Office ...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "collection" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1114.002", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1114/002" } ]
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
Monitor for unusual login activity from unknown or abnormal locations, especially for privileged accounts (ex: Exchange administrator account).
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
true
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "Office 365", "Windows", "Google Workspace" ]
1.2
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--b46a801b-fd98-491c-a25a-bca25d6e3001
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2021-06-03T18:44:29.770000Z
2021-10-17T15:06:24.161000Z
IIS Components
Adversaries may install malicious components that run on Internet Information Services (IIS) web servers to establish persistence. IIS provides several mechanisms to extend the functionality of the web servers. For example, Internet Server Application Programming Interface (ISAPI) extensions and filters can be installe...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "persistence" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1505.004", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1505/004" }, { "description": "Microsoft. (2017, June 16). ISAPI Extension Overview. Retrieved June 3, 2021.", "external_id": null, "source_name": "Microsoft...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
Monitor for creation and/or modification of files (especially DLLs on webservers) that could be abused as malicious ISAPI extensions/filters or IIS modules. Changes to <code>%windir%\system32\inetsrv\config\applicationhost.config</code> could indicate an IIS module installation.(Citation: Microsoft IIS Modules Overview...
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
true
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "Windows" ]
1.0
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--b4b7458f-81f2-4d38-84be-1c5ba0167a52
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2020-02-10T19:49:46.752000Z
2020-02-10T19:52:47.724000Z
Invalid Code Signature
Adversaries may attempt to mimic features of valid code signatures to increase the chance of deceiving a user, analyst, or tool. Code signing provides a level of authenticity on a binary from the developer and a guarantee that the binary has not been tampered with. Adversaries can copy the metadata and signature inform...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "defense-evasion" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1036.001", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036/001" }, { "description": "Vest, J. (2017, October 9). Borrowing Microsoft MetaData and Signatures to Hide Binary Payloads. Retrieved September 10, 2019.", "...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
Collect and analyze signing certificate metadata and check signature validity on software that executes within the environment, look for invalid signatures as well as unusual certificate characteristics and outliers.
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
true
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "macOS", "Windows" ]
1.0
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--b5327dd1-6bf9-4785-a199-25bcbd1f4a9d
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2020-06-29T15:36:41.535000Z
2021-10-14T22:21:59.708000Z
Run Virtual Instance
Adversaries may carry out malicious operations using a virtual instance to avoid detection. A wide variety of virtualization technologies exist that allow for the emulation of a computer or computing environment. By running malicious code inside of a virtual instance, adversaries can hide artifacts associated with thei...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "defense-evasion" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1564.006", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1564/006" }, { "description": "Committee of Inquiry into the Cyber Attack on SingHealth. (2019, January 10). Public Report of the Committee of Inquiry into the Cyber...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
Consider monitoring for files and processes associated with running a virtual instance, such as binary files associated with common virtualization technologies (ex: VirtualBox, VMware, QEMU, Hyper-V). Consider monitoring the size of virtual machines running on the system. Adversaries may create virtual images which are...
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
true
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "Linux", "macOS", "Windows" ]
1.1
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--b6075259-dba3-44e9-87c7-e954f37ec0d5
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2018-04-18T17:59:24.739000Z
2022-09-06T22:01:45.067000Z
Password Policy Discovery
Adversaries may attempt to access detailed information about the password policy used within an enterprise network or cloud environment. Password policies are a way to enforce complex passwords that are difficult to guess or crack through [Brute Force](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110). This information may he...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "discovery" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1201", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1201" }, { "description": "Amazon Web Services. (n.d.). AWS API GetAccountPasswordPolicy. Retrieved June 8, 2021.", "external_id": null, "source_name": "AWS GetP...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
Monitor logs and processes for tools and command line arguments that may indicate they're being used for password policy discovery. Correlate that activity with other suspicious activity from the originating system to reduce potential false positives from valid user or administrator activity. Adversaries will likely at...
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
false
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "Windows", "Linux", "macOS", "IaaS", "Network" ]
1.5
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--b6301b64-ef57-4cce-bb0b-77026f14a8db
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2020-01-22T21:04:23.285000Z
2024-03-01T15:49:15.588000Z
Event Triggered Execution
Adversaries may establish persistence and/or elevate privileges using system mechanisms that trigger execution based on specific events. Various operating systems have means to monitor and subscribe to events such as logons or other user activity such as running specific applications/binaries. Cloud environments may al...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" }, { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "persistence" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1546", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546" }, { "description": "Ballenthin, W., et al. (2015). Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) Offense, Defense, and Forensics. Retrieved March 30, 2016.", "exte...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
Monitoring for additions or modifications of mechanisms that could be used to trigger event-based execution, especially the addition of abnormal commands such as execution of unknown programs, opening network sockets, or reaching out across the network. Also look for changes that do not line up with updates, patches, o...
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
false
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "Linux", "macOS", "Windows", "SaaS", "IaaS", "Office 365" ]
1.3
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--b63a34e8-0a61-4c97-a23b-bf8a2ed812e2
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2020-01-24T14:13:45.936000Z
2021-08-20T18:01:52.120000Z
Unix Shell Configuration Modification
Adversaries may establish persistence through executing malicious commands triggered by a user’s shell. User [Unix Shell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/004)s execute several configuration scripts at different points throughout the session based on events. For example, when a user opens a command-line interf...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" }, { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "persistence" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1546.004", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/004" }, { "description": "Paul Litvak. (2020, May 4). Kaiji: New Chinese Linux malware turning to Golang. Retrieved December 17, 2020.", "external_id": null...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
While users may customize their shell profile files, there are only certain types of commands that typically appear in these files. Monitor for abnormal commands such as execution of unknown programs, opening network sockets, or reaching out across the network when user profiles are loaded during the login process. Mo...
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
true
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "Linux", "macOS" ]
2.1
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--b77cf5f3-6060-475d-bd60-40ccbf28fdc2
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2018-01-16T16:13:52.465000Z
2023-08-14T19:30:45.123000Z
Forced Authentication
Adversaries may gather credential material by invoking or forcing a user to automatically provide authentication information through a mechanism in which they can intercept. The Server Message Block (SMB) protocol is commonly used in Windows networks for authentication and communication between systems for access to r...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "credential-access" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1187", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1187" }, { "description": "Cylance. (2015, April 13). Redirect to SMB. Retrieved December 21, 2017.", "external_id": null, "source_name": "Cylance Redirect to SM...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
Monitor for SMB traffic on TCP ports 139, 445 and UDP port 137 and WebDAV traffic attempting to exit the network to unknown external systems. If attempts are detected, then investigate endpoint data sources to find the root cause. For internal traffic, monitor the workstation-to-workstation unusual (vs. baseline) SMB t...
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
false
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "Windows" ]
1.3
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--b7dc639b-24cd-482d-a7f1-8897eda21023
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2020-02-18T18:34:49.414000Z
2021-02-09T15:49:58.414000Z
SID-History Injection
Adversaries may use SID-History Injection to escalate privileges and bypass access controls. The Windows security identifier (SID) is a unique value that identifies a user or group account. SIDs are used by Windows security in both security descriptors and access tokens. (Citation: Microsoft SID) An account can hold ad...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "defense-evasion" }, { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1134.005", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1134/005" }, { "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Security Identifiers. Retrieved November 30, 2017.", "external_id": null, "source_name": "Microsoft SID", ...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
Examine data in user’s SID-History attributes using the PowerShell <code>Get-ADUser</code> cmdlet (Citation: Microsoft Get-ADUser), especially users who have SID-History values from the same domain. (Citation: AdSecurity SID History Sept 2015) Also monitor account management events on Domain Controllers for successful ...
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
true
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "Windows" ]
1.0
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--b8017880-4b1e-42de-ad10-ae7ac6705166
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2020-10-19T16:08:29.817000Z
2022-05-05T05:05:44.200000Z
Network Boundary Bridging
Adversaries may bridge network boundaries by compromising perimeter network devices or internal devices responsible for network segmentation. Breaching these devices may enable an adversary to bypass restrictions on traffic routing that otherwise separate trusted and untrusted networks. Devices such as routers and fir...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "defense-evasion" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1599", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1599" }, { "description": "Vyacheslav Kopeytsev and Seongsu Park. (2021, February 25). Lazarus targets defense industry with ThreatNeedle. Retrieved October 27, 2021.", ...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
Consider monitoring network traffic on both interfaces of border network devices with out-of-band packet capture or network flow data, using a different device than the one in question. Look for traffic that should be prohibited by the intended network traffic policy enforcement for the border network device. Monitor...
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
false
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "Network" ]
1.1
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--b80d107d-fa0d-4b60-9684-b0433e8bdba0
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2019-03-15T13:59:30.390000Z
2022-06-16T13:07:10.318000Z
Data Encrypted for Impact
Adversaries may encrypt data on target systems or on large numbers of systems in a network to interrupt availability to system and network resources. They can attempt to render stored data inaccessible by encrypting files or data on local and remote drives and withholding access to a decryption key. This may be done in...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "impact" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1486", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1486" }, { "description": "Baskin, B. (2020, July 8). TAU Threat Discovery: Conti Ransomware. Retrieved February 17, 2021.", "external_id": null, "source_name": ...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
Use process monitoring to monitor the execution and command line parameters of binaries involved in data destruction activity, such as vssadmin, wbadmin, and bcdedit. Monitor for the creation of suspicious files as well as unusual file modification activity. In particular, look for large quantities of file modification...
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
false
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "Linux", "macOS", "Windows", "IaaS" ]
1.4
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--b83e166d-13d7-4b52-8677-dff90c548fd7
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2020-02-05T14:54:07.588000Z
2024-03-01T17:17:37.292000Z
Subvert Trust Controls
Adversaries may undermine security controls that will either warn users of untrusted activity or prevent execution of untrusted programs. Operating systems and security products may contain mechanisms to identify programs or websites as possessing some level of trust. Examples of such features would include a program b...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "defense-evasion" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1553", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553" }, { "description": "Graeber, M. (2017, December 22). Code Signing Certificate Cloning Attacks and Defenses. Retrieved April 3, 2018.", "external_id": null, ...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
Collect and analyze signing certificate metadata on software that executes within the environment to look for unusual certificate characteristics and outliers. Periodically baseline registered SIPs and trust providers (Registry entries and files on disk), specifically looking for new, modified, or non-Microsoft entries...
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
false
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "Windows", "macOS", "Linux" ]
1.2
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--b84903f0-c7d5-435d-a69e-de47cc3578c0
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2020-01-30T14:40:20.187000Z
2022-10-19T16:35:18.492000Z
Elevated Execution with Prompt
Adversaries may leverage the <code>AuthorizationExecuteWithPrivileges</code> API to escalate privileges by prompting the user for credentials.(Citation: AppleDocs AuthorizationExecuteWithPrivileges) The purpose of this API is to give application developers an easy way to perform operations with root privileges, such as...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" }, { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "defense-evasion" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1548.004", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1548/004" }, { "description": "Apple. (n.d.). Apple Developer Documentation - AuthorizationExecuteWithPrivileges. Retrieved August 8, 2019.", "external_id": null...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
Consider monitoring for <code>/usr/libexec/security_authtrampoline</code> executions which may indicate that <code>AuthorizationExecuteWithPrivileges</code> is being executed. MacOS system logs may also indicate when <code>AuthorizationExecuteWithPrivileges</code> is being called. Monitoring OS API callbacks for the ex...
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
true
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "macOS" ]
1.0
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--b85f6ce5-81e8-4f36-aff2-3df9d02a9c9d
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2020-10-02T16:46:42.537000Z
2021-04-15T03:22:46.759000Z
Firmware
Adversaries may gather information about the victim's host firmware that can be used during targeting. Information about host firmware may include a variety of details such as type and versions on specific hosts, which may be used to infer more information about hosts in the environment (ex: configuration, purpose, age...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "reconnaissance" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1592.003", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1592/003" }, { "description": "Goodin, D. & Salter, J. (2020, August 6). More than 20GB of Intel source code and proprietary data dumped online. Retrieved October 20...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders. Detection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initia...
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
true
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "PRE" ]
1.0
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--b8902400-e6c5-4ba2-95aa-2d35b442b118
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2020-03-16T15:33:01.739000Z
2024-04-16T12:29:47.903000Z
Encrypted Channel
Adversaries may employ an encryption algorithm to conceal command and control traffic rather than relying on any inherent protections provided by a communication protocol. Despite the use of a secure algorithm, these implementations may be vulnerable to reverse engineering if secret keys are encoded and/or generated wi...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "command-and-control" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1573", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1573" }, { "description": "Butler, M. (2013, November). Finding Hidden Threats by Decrypting SSL. Retrieved April 5, 2016.", "external_id": null, "source_name": ...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
SSL/TLS inspection is one way of detecting command and control traffic within some encrypted communication channels.(Citation: SANS Decrypting SSL) SSL/TLS inspection does come with certain risks that should be considered before implementing to avoid potential security issues such as incomplete certificate validation.(...
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
false
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "Linux", "macOS", "Windows", "Network" ]
1.1
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--b8cfed42-6a8a-4989-ad72-541af74475ec
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2020-01-24T14:54:42.757000Z
2022-04-20T16:29:36.291000Z
Authentication Package
Adversaries may abuse authentication packages to execute DLLs when the system boots. Windows authentication package DLLs are loaded by the Local Security Authority (LSA) process at system start. They provide support for multiple logon processes and multiple security protocols to the operating system.(Citation: MSDN Aut...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "persistence" }, { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1547.002", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547/002" }, { "description": "Graeber, M. (2014, October). Analysis of Malicious Security Support Provider DLLs. Retrieved March 1, 2017.", "external_id": null,...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
Monitor the Registry for changes to the LSA Registry keys. Monitor the LSA process for DLL loads. Windows 8.1 and Windows Server 2012 R2 may generate events when unsigned DLLs try to load into the LSA by setting the Registry key <code>HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Image File Execution Options\LSASS....
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
true
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "Windows" ]
1.0
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--b97f1d35-4249-4486-a6b5-ee60ccf24fab
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2020-01-23T19:52:17.414000Z
2023-04-21T12:24:56.148000Z
Regsvr32
Adversaries may abuse Regsvr32.exe to proxy execution of malicious code. Regsvr32.exe is a command-line program used to register and unregister object linking and embedding controls, including dynamic link libraries (DLLs), on Windows systems. The Regsvr32.exe binary may also be signed by Microsoft. (Citation: Microsof...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "defense-evasion" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1218.010", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/010" }, { "description": "Anubhav, A., Kizhakkinan, D. (2017, February 22). Spear Phishing Techniques Used in Attacks Targeting the Mongolian Government. Retrie...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
Use process monitoring to monitor the execution and arguments of regsvr32.exe. Compare recent invocations of regsvr32.exe with prior history of known good arguments and loaded files to determine anomalous and potentially adversarial activity. Command arguments used before and after the regsvr32.exe invocation may also ...
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
true
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "Windows" ]
2.1
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--ba04e672-da86-4e69-aa15-0eca5db25f43
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2023-02-27T22:51:27.101000Z
2023-05-04T18:00:33.023000Z
Exfiltration to Text Storage Sites
Adversaries may exfiltrate data to text storage sites instead of their primary command and control channel. Text storage sites, such as <code>pastebin[.]com</code>, are commonly used by developers to share code and other information. Text storage sites are often used to host malicious code for C2 communication (e.g....
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "exfiltration" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1567.003", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1567/003" }, { "description": "Ciarniello, A. (2019, September 24). What is Pastebin and Why Do Hackers Love It?. Retrieved April 11, 2023.", "external_id": null...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
true
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "Linux", "macOS", "Windows" ]
1.0
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--baf60e1a-afe5-4d31-830f-1b1ba2351884
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2020-10-02T16:42:17.482000Z
2021-10-17T16:33:19.596000Z
Software
Adversaries may gather information about the victim's host software that can be used during targeting. Information about installed software may include a variety of details such as types and versions on specific hosts, as well as the presence of additional components that might be indicative of added defensive protecti...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "reconnaissance" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1592.002", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1592/002" }, { "description": "Blasco, J. (2014, August 28). Scanbox: A Reconnaissance Framework Used with Watering Hole Attacks. Retrieved October 19, 2020.", "...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
Internet scanners may be used to look for patterns associated with malicious content designed to collect host software information from visitors.(Citation: ThreatConnect Infrastructure Dec 2020)(Citation: ATT ScanBox) Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as ...
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
true
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "PRE" ]
1.1
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--bb5a00de-e086-4859-a231-fa793f6797e2
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2017-05-31T21:30:48.323000Z
2023-03-30T21:01:41.752000Z
Input Capture
Adversaries may use methods of capturing user input to obtain credentials or collect information. During normal system usage, users often provide credentials to various different locations, such as login pages/portals or system dialog boxes. Input capture mechanisms may be transparent to the user (e.g. [Credential API ...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "collection" }, { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "credential-access" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1056", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1056" }, { "description": "Tinaztepe, E. (n.d.). The Adventures of a Keystroke: An in-depth look into keyloggers on Windows. Retrieved April 27, 2016.", "external_...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
Detection may vary depending on how input is captured but may include monitoring for certain Windows API calls (e.g. `SetWindowsHook`, `GetKeyState`, and `GetAsyncKeyState`)(Citation: Adventures of a Keystroke), monitoring for malicious instances of [Command and Scripting Interpreter](https://attack.mitre.org/technique...
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
false
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "Linux", "macOS", "Windows", "Network" ]
1.2
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--bb5e59c4-abe7-40c7-8196-e373cb1e5974
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2023-09-07T21:50:08.827000Z
2023-10-15T11:49:40.990000Z
Spearphishing Voice
Adversaries may use voice communications to ultimately gain access to victim systems. Spearphishing voice is a specific variant of spearphishing. It is different from other forms of spearphishing in that is employs the use of manipulating a user into providing access to systems through a phone call or other forms of vo...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "initial-access" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1566.004", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/004" }, { "description": "CISA. (n.d.). Protecting Against Malicious Use of Remote Monitoring and Management Software. Retrieved February 2, 2023.", "extern...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
true
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "Linux", "macOS", "Windows", "Office 365", "SaaS", "Google Workspace" ]
1.0
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--bbc3cba7-84ae-410d-b18b-16750731dfa2
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2020-10-01T01:48:15.511000Z
2021-04-15T03:07:53.803000Z
Exploits
Adversaries may develop exploits that can be used during targeting. An exploit takes advantage of a bug or vulnerability in order to cause unintended or unanticipated behavior to occur on computer hardware or software. Rather than finding/modifying exploits from online or purchasing them from exploit vendors, an advers...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "resource-development" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1587.004", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587/004" }, { "description": "William J. Broad, John Markoff, and David E. Sanger. (2011, January 15). Israeli Test on Worm Called Crucial in Iran Nuclear Delay. Re...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
Much of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on behaviors relating to the use of exploits (i.e. [Exploit Public-Facing Application](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1190), [Exploitation for Clie...
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
true
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "PRE" ]
1.0
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--bbe5b322-e2af-4a5e-9625-a4e62bf84ed3
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2020-10-02T16:49:31.262000Z
2021-04-15T03:52:40.958000Z
Social Media
Adversaries may search social media for information about victims that can be used during targeting. Social media sites may contain various information about a victim organization, such as business announcements as well as information about the roles, locations, and interests of staff. Adversaries may search in differ...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "reconnaissance" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1593.001", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593/001" }, { "description": "Cyware Hacker News. (2019, October 2). How Hackers Exploit Social Media To Break Into Your Company. Retrieved October 20, 2020.", ...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders. Detection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initia...
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
true
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "PRE" ]
1.0
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--bc0f5e80-91c0-4e04-9fbb-e4e332c85dae
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2020-03-16T14:12:47.923000Z
2023-04-21T12:34:29.402000Z
Component Object Model Hijacking
Adversaries may establish persistence by executing malicious content triggered by hijacked references to Component Object Model (COM) objects. COM is a system within Windows to enable interaction between software components through the operating system.(Citation: Microsoft Component Object Model) References to various...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" }, { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "persistence" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1546.015", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/015" }, { "description": "Ewing, P. Strom, B. (2016, September 15). How to Hunt: Detecting Persistence & Evasion with the COM. Retrieved September 15, 2016.", ...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
There are opportunities to detect COM hijacking by searching for Registry references that have been replaced and through Registry operations (ex: [Reg](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0075)) replacing known binary paths with unknown paths or otherwise malicious content. Even though some third-party applications defi...
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
true
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "Windows" ]
1.1
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--bc76d0a4-db11-4551-9ac4-01a469cfb161
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2020-10-02T14:55:43.815000Z
2023-04-14T23:29:10.396000Z
Credentials
Adversaries may gather credentials that can be used during targeting. Account credentials gathered by adversaries may be those directly associated with the target victim organization or attempt to take advantage of the tendency for users to use the same passwords across personal and business accounts. Adversaries may ...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "reconnaissance" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1589.001", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1589/001" }, { "description": "Blasco, J. (2014, August 28). Scanbox: A Reconnaissance Framework Used with Watering Hole Attacks. Retrieved October 19, 2020.", "...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders. Detection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initia...
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
true
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "PRE" ]
1.1
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--bd369cd9-abb8-41ce-b5bb-fff23ee86c00
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2020-03-11T14:17:21.153000Z
2022-04-28T16:04:36.636000Z
Compromise Software Supply Chain
Adversaries may manipulate application software prior to receipt by a final consumer for the purpose of data or system compromise. Supply chain compromise of software can take place in a number of ways, including manipulation of the application source code, manipulation of the update/distribution mechanism for that sof...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "initial-access" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1195.002", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1195/002" }, { "description": "Avast Threat Intelligence Team. (2018, March 8). New investigations into the CCleaner incident point to a possible third stage that ha...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
Use verification of distributed binaries through hash checking or other integrity checking mechanisms. Scan downloads for malicious signatures and attempt to test software and updates prior to deployment while taking note of potential suspicious activity.
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
true
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "Linux", "macOS", "Windows" ]
1.1
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--bd5b58a4-a52d-4a29-bc0d-3f1d3968eb6b
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2020-02-10T20:03:11.691000Z
2023-09-14T21:12:48.411000Z
Rename System Utilities
Adversaries may rename legitimate system utilities to try to evade security mechanisms concerning the usage of those utilities. Security monitoring and control mechanisms may be in place for system utilities adversaries are capable of abusing. (Citation: LOLBAS Main Site) It may be possible to bypass those security mec...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "defense-evasion" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1036.003", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036/003" }, { "description": "Carr, N.. (2018, October 25). Nick Carr Status Update Masquerading. Retrieved April 22, 2019.", "external_id": null, "source_n...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
If file names are mismatched between the file name on disk and that of the binary's PE metadata, this is a likely indicator that a binary was renamed after it was compiled. Collecting and comparing disk and resource filenames for binaries by looking to see if the InternalName, OriginalFilename, and/or ProductName match...
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
true
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "Linux", "macOS", "Windows" ]
1.1
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--be055942-6e63-49d7-9fa1-9cb7d8a8f3f4
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2020-03-14T22:34:03.024000Z
2020-03-26T23:15:47.861000Z
Bidirectional Communication
Adversaries may use an existing, legitimate external Web service as a means for sending commands to and receiving output from a compromised system over the Web service channel. Compromised systems may leverage popular websites and social media to host command and control (C2) instructions. Those infected systems can th...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "command-and-control" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1102.002", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1102/002" }, { "description": "Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 20...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
Host data that can relate unknown or suspicious process activity using a network connection is important to supplement any existing indicators of compromise based on malware command and control signatures and infrastructure or the presence of strong encryption. Packet capture analysis will require SSL/TLS inspection if...
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
true
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "Linux", "macOS", "Windows" ]
1.0
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--be2dcee9-a7a7-4e38-afd6-21b31ecc3d63
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2018-04-18T17:59:24.739000Z
2022-04-18T18:48:06.141000Z
Exploitation for Client Execution
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in client applications to execute code. Vulnerabilities can exist in software due to unsecure coding practices that can lead to unanticipated behavior. Adversaries can take advantage of certain vulnerabilities through targeted exploitation for the purpose of arbitrary co...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "execution" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1203", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1203" } ]
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
Detecting software exploitation may be difficult depending on the tools available. Also look for behavior on the endpoint system that might indicate successful compromise, such as abnormal behavior of the browser or Office processes. This could include suspicious files written to disk, evidence of [Process Injection](h...
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
false
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "Linux", "Windows", "macOS" ]
1.4
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--bed04f7d-e48a-4e76-bd0f-4c57fe31fc46
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2022-03-04T18:56:38.844000Z
2022-04-15T19:10:23.838000Z
Wordlist Scanning
Adversaries may iteratively probe infrastructure using brute-forcing and crawling techniques. While this technique employs similar methods to [Brute Force](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110), its goal is the identification of content and infrastructure rather than the discovery of valid credentials. Wordlists u...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "reconnaissance" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1595.003", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595/003" }, { "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security. (2021, January). “Lebanese Cedar” APT Global Lebanese Espionage Campaign Leveraging Web Servers. Retrieved Fe...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
Monitor for suspicious network traffic that could be indicative of scanning, such as large quantities originating from a single source (especially if the source is known to be associated with an adversary/botnet). Monitor for access to S3 buckets, especially those that are not intended to be publicly accessible. Much...
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
true
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "PRE" ]
1.0
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--bef8aaee-961d-4359-a308-4c2182bcedff
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2023-03-14T16:04:24.865000Z
2023-04-12T22:46:33.995000Z
Spoof Security Alerting
Adversaries may spoof security alerting from tools, presenting false evidence to impair defenders’ awareness of malicious activity.(Citation: BlackBasta) Messages produced by defensive tools contain information about potential security events as well as the functioning status of security software and the system. Securi...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "defense-evasion" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1562.011", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1562/011" }, { "description": "Antonio Cocomazzi and Antonio Pirozzi. (2022, November 3). Black Basta Ransomware | Attacks Deploy Custom EDR Evasion Tools Tied to FI...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
true
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "Windows", "macOS", "Linux" ]
1.0
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--bf147104-abf9-4221-95d1-e81585859441
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2019-11-07T20:09:56.536000Z
2021-08-16T21:30:01.743000Z
Outlook Home Page
Adversaries may abuse Microsoft Outlook's Home Page feature to obtain persistence on a compromised system. Outlook Home Page is a legacy feature used to customize the presentation of Outlook folders. This feature allows for an internal or external URL to be loaded and presented whenever a folder is opened. A malicious ...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "persistence" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1137.004", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1137/004" }, { "description": "Stalmans, E. (2017, October 11). Outlook Home Page – Another Ruler Vector. Retrieved February 4, 2019.", "external_id": null, ...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
Microsoft has released a PowerShell script to safely gather mail forwarding rules and custom forms in your mail environment as well as steps to interpret the output.(Citation: Microsoft Detect Outlook Forms) SensePost, whose tool [Ruler](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0358) can be used to carry out malicious rules,...
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
true
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "Windows", "Office 365" ]
1.1
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--bf176076-b789-408e-8cba-7275e81c0ada
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2020-03-16T15:48:33.882000Z
2023-12-26T20:59:21.941000Z
Asymmetric Cryptography
Adversaries may employ a known asymmetric encryption algorithm to conceal command and control traffic rather than relying on any inherent protections provided by a communication protocol. Asymmetric cryptography, also known as public key cryptography, uses a keypair per party: one public that can be freely distributed,...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "command-and-control" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1573.002", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1573/002" }, { "description": "Butler, M. (2013, November). Finding Hidden Threats by Decrypting SSL. Retrieved April 5, 2016.", "external_id": null, "source...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
SSL/TLS inspection is one way of detecting command and control traffic within some encrypted communication channels.(Citation: SANS Decrypting SSL) SSL/TLS inspection does come with certain risks that should be considered before implementing to avoid potential security issues such as incomplete certificate validation.(...
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
true
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "Linux", "macOS", "Windows", "Network" ]
1.1
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--bf1b6176-597c-4600-bfcd-ac989670f96b
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2020-03-09T15:04:32.767000Z
2023-09-15T19:11:47.547000Z
Exfiltration to Cloud Storage
Adversaries may exfiltrate data to a cloud storage service rather than over their primary command and control channel. Cloud storage services allow for the storage, edit, and retrieval of data from a remote cloud storage server over the Internet. Examples of cloud storage services include Dropbox and Google Docs. Exfi...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "exfiltration" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1567.002", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1567/002" } ]
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
Analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server) to known cloud storage services. Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. User behavior monitoring may help t...
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
true
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "Linux", "macOS", "Windows" ]
1.2
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--bf90d72c-c00b-45e3-b3aa-68560560d4c5
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2020-03-11T21:01:00.959000Z
2023-10-01T13:48:28.738000Z
Lateral Tool Transfer
Adversaries may transfer tools or other files between systems in a compromised environment. Once brought into the victim environment (i.e., [Ingress Tool Transfer](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1105)) files may then be copied from one system to another to stage adversary tools or other files over the course of a...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "lateral-movement" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1570", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1570" }, { "description": "David Talbot. (2013, August 21). Dropbox and Similar Services Can Sync Malware. Retrieved May 31, 2023.", "external_id": null, "source...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
Monitor for file creation and files transferred within a network using protocols such as SMB or FTP. Unusual processes with internal network connections creating files on-system may be suspicious. Consider monitoring for abnormal usage of utilities and command-line arguments that may be used in support of remote transf...
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
false
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "Linux", "macOS", "Windows" ]
1.3
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--bf96a5a3-3bce-43b7-8597-88545984c07b
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2020-03-13T13:51:58.519000Z
2023-03-30T21:01:35.788000Z
Path Interception by Unquoted Path
Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by hijacking vulnerable file path references. Adversaries can take advantage of paths that lack surrounding quotations by placing an executable in a higher level directory within the path, so that Windows will choose the adversary's executable to launch. Service pat...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "persistence" }, { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" }, { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "defense-evasion" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1574.009", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/009" }, { "description": "absolomb. (2018, January 26). Windows Privilege Escalation Guide. Retrieved August 10, 2018.", "external_id": null, "source_na...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
Monitor file creation for files named after partial directories and in locations that may be searched for common processes through the environment variable, or otherwise should not be user writable. Monitor the executing process for process executable paths that are named for partial directories. Monitor file creation ...
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
true
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "Windows" ]
1.1
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--c071d8c1-3b3a-4f22-9407-ca4e96921069
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2021-03-17T20:32:13.793000Z
2021-10-16T17:47:46.409000Z
Install Digital Certificate
Adversaries may install SSL/TLS certificates that can be used during targeting. SSL/TLS certificates are files that can be installed on servers to enable secure communications between systems. Digital certificates include information about the key, information about its owner's identity, and the digital signature of an...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "resource-development" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1608.003", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1608/003" }, { "description": "DigiCert. (n.d.). How to Install an SSL Certificate. Retrieved April 19, 2021.", "external_id": null, "source_name": "DigiCert...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
Consider use of services that may aid in the tracking of certificates in use on sites across the Internet. In some cases it may be possible to pivot on known pieces of certificate information to uncover other adversary infrastructure.(Citation: Splunk Kovar Certificates 2017) Detection efforts may be focused on relate...
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
true
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "PRE" ]
1.1
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--c0dfe7b0-b873-4618-9ff8-53e31f70907f
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2020-01-15T18:00:33.603000Z
2022-04-20T16:43:21.560000Z
Startup Items
Adversaries may use startup items automatically executed at boot initialization to establish persistence. Startup items execute during the final phase of the boot process and contain shell scripts or other executable files along with configuration information used by the system to determine the execution order for all ...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "persistence" }, { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1037.005", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1037/005" }, { "description": "Apple. (2016, September 13). Startup Items. Retrieved July 11, 2017.", "external_id": null, "source_name": "Startup Items", ...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
The <code>/Library/StartupItems</code> folder can be monitored for changes. Similarly, the programs that are actually executed from this mechanism should be checked against a whitelist. Monitor processes that are executed during the bootup process to check for unusual or unknown applications and behavior.
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
true
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "macOS" ]
1.0
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--c1b68a96-3c48-49ea-a6c0-9b27359f9c19
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2021-08-18T14:06:45.244000Z
2021-10-15T22:00:56.174000Z
System Language Discovery
Adversaries may attempt to gather information about the system language of a victim in order to infer the geographical location of that host. This information may be used to shape follow-on behaviors, including whether the adversary infects the target and/or attempts specific actions. This decision may be employed by m...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "discovery" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1614.001", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1614/001" }, { "description": "Pierre-Marc Bureau. (2009, January 15). Malware Trying to Avoid Some Countries. Retrieved August 18, 2021.", "external_id": null, ...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
System and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities based on the information obtained. Monitor processes and command-line argument...
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
true
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "Windows", "Linux", "macOS" ]
1.0
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--c21d5a77-d422-4a69-acd7-2c53c1faa34b
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2017-05-31T21:31:10.728000Z
2023-09-29T21:07:31.570000Z
Non-Application Layer Protocol
Adversaries may use an OSI non-application layer protocol for communication between host and C2 server or among infected hosts within a network. The list of possible protocols is extensive.(Citation: Wikipedia OSI) Specific examples include use of network layer protocols, such as the Internet Control Message Protocol (...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "command-and-control" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1095", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1095" }, { "description": "Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.", ...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
Analyze network traffic for ICMP messages or other protocols that contain abnormal data or are not normally seen within or exiting the network.(Citation: Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks) Analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Proce...
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
false
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "Windows", "Linux", "macOS", "Network" ]
2.3
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--c2e147a9-d1a8-4074-811a-d8789202d916
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2020-02-05T14:28:16.719000Z
2023-03-30T21:01:48.815000Z
Steganography
Adversaries may use steganography techniques in order to prevent the detection of hidden information. Steganographic techniques can be used to hide data in digital media such as images, audio tracks, video clips, or text files. [Duqu](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0038) was an early example of malware that used s...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "defense-evasion" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1027.003", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/003" }, { "description": "Wikipedia. (2017, December 29). Duqu. Retrieved April 10, 2018.", "external_id": null, "source_name": "Wikipedia Duqu", "u...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
Detection of steganography is difficult unless artifacts are left behind by the obfuscation process that are detectable with a known signature. Look for strings or other signatures left in system artifacts related to decoding steganography.
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
true
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "Linux", "macOS", "Windows" ]
1.2
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--c2f59d25-87fe-44aa-8f83-e8e59d077bf5
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2020-10-01T00:54:30.869000Z
2022-04-19T21:22:13.578000Z
DNS Server
Adversaries may compromise third-party DNS servers that can be used during targeting. During post-compromise activity, adversaries may utilize DNS traffic for various tasks, including for Command and Control (ex: [Application Layer Protocol](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071)). Instead of setting up their own D...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "resource-development" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1584.002", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584/002" }, { "description": "Hirani, M., Jones, S., Read, B. (2019, January 10). Global DNS Hijacking Campaign: DNS Record Manipulation at Scale. Retrieved October...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
Consider monitoring for anomalous resolution changes for domain addresses. Efforts may need to be tailored to specific domains of interest as benign resolution changes are a common occurrence on the internet. Much of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of t...
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
true
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "PRE" ]
1.2
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--c325b232-d5bc-4dde-a3ec-71f3db9e8adc
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2020-03-15T00:40:27.503000Z
2020-03-15T00:40:27.503000Z
Protocol Impersonation
Adversaries may impersonate legitimate protocols or web service traffic to disguise command and control activity and thwart analysis efforts. By impersonating legitimate protocols or web services, adversaries can make their command and control traffic blend in with legitimate network traffic. Adversaries may imperso...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "command-and-control" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1001.003", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1001/003" }, { "description": "Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 20...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
Analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect communications that do not follow...
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
true
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "Linux", "Windows", "macOS" ]
1.0
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--c32f7008-9fea-41f7-8366-5eb9b74bd896
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2017-05-31T21:30:25.584000Z
2023-04-03T18:56:37.011000Z
Query Registry
Adversaries may interact with the Windows Registry to gather information about the system, configuration, and installed software. The Registry contains a significant amount of information about the operating system, configuration, software, and security.(Citation: Wikipedia Windows Registry) Information can easily be ...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "discovery" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1012", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1012" }, { "description": "Wikipedia. (n.d.). Windows Registry. Retrieved February 2, 2015.", "external_id": null, "source_name": "Wikipedia Windows Registry", ...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
System and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as Lateral Movement, based on the information obtained. Interaction with...
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
false
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "Windows" ]
1.3
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--c3888c54-775d-4b2f-b759-75a2ececcbfd
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2017-05-31T21:30:34.523000Z
2020-07-14T19:47:46.912000Z
Data Transfer Size Limits
An adversary may exfiltrate data in fixed size chunks instead of whole files or limit packet sizes below certain thresholds. This approach may be used to avoid triggering network data transfer threshold alerts.
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "exfiltration" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1030", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1030" }, { "description": "Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.", ...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
Analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). If a process maintains a long connection during which it consistently sends fixed size data packets or a process opens connections and sends fixed sized data packets at regular intervals, it may...
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
false
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "Linux", "macOS", "Windows" ]
1.0
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--c3c8c916-2f3c-4e71-94b2-240bdfc996f0
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2020-01-30T17:48:49.395000Z
2023-09-19T21:26:24.725000Z
Web Session Cookie
Adversaries can use stolen session cookies to authenticate to web applications and services. This technique bypasses some multi-factor authentication protocols since the session is already authenticated.(Citation: Pass The Cookie) Authentication cookies are commonly used in web applications, including cloud-based serv...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "defense-evasion" }, { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "lateral-movement" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1550.004", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/004" }, { "description": "Chen, Y., Hu, W., Xu, Z., et. al. (2019, January 31). Mac Malware Steals Cryptocurrency Exchanges’ Cookies. Retrieved October 14, 2019...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
Monitor for anomalous access of websites and cloud-based applications by the same user in different locations or by different systems that do not match expected configurations.
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
true
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "Office 365", "SaaS", "Google Workspace", "IaaS" ]
1.3
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--c3d4bdd9-2cfe-4a80-9d0c-07a29ecdce8f
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2020-03-13T20:21:54.758000Z
2023-08-14T14:55:07.432000Z
Domain Accounts
Adversaries may obtain and abuse credentials of a domain account as a means of gaining Initial Access, Persistence, Privilege Escalation, or Defense Evasion.(Citation: TechNet Credential Theft) Domain accounts are those managed by Active Directory Domain Services where access and permissions are configured across syste...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "defense-evasion" }, { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "persistence" }, { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" }, { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "ini...
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1078.002", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078/002" }, { "description": "Microsoft. (2016, April 15). Attractive Accounts for Credential Theft. Retrieved June 3, 2016.", "external_id": null, "source_...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
Configure robust, consistent account activity audit policies across the enterprise and with externally accessible services.(Citation: TechNet Audit Policy) Look for suspicious account behavior across systems that share accounts, either user, admin, or service accounts. Examples: one account logged into multiple systems...
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
true
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "Linux", "macOS", "Windows" ]
1.4
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--c48a67ee-b657-45c1-91bf-6cdbe27205f8
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2020-01-23T19:42:16.439000Z
2022-03-11T18:55:48.725000Z
Regsvcs/Regasm
Adversaries may abuse Regsvcs and Regasm to proxy execution of code through a trusted Windows utility. Regsvcs and Regasm are Windows command-line utilities that are used to register .NET [Component Object Model](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1559/001) (COM) assemblies. Both are binaries that may be digitally si...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "defense-evasion" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1218.009", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/009" }, { "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Regsvcs.exe (.NET Services Installation Tool). Retrieved July 1, 2016.", "external_id": null, "source_name"...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
Use process monitoring to monitor the execution and arguments of Regsvcs.exe and Regasm.exe. Compare recent invocations of Regsvcs.exe and Regasm.exe with prior history of known good arguments and executed binaries to determine anomalous and potentially adversarial activity. Command arguments used before and after Regs...
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
true
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "Windows" ]
2.0
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--c615231b-f253-4f58-9d47-d5b4cbdb6839
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2020-02-21T21:05:32.844000Z
2024-01-04T20:01:27.662000Z
Install Root Certificate
Adversaries may install a root certificate on a compromised system to avoid warnings when connecting to adversary controlled web servers. Root certificates are used in public key cryptography to identify a root certificate authority (CA). When a root certificate is installed, the system or application will trust certif...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "defense-evasion" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1553.004", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/004" }, { "description": "botconf eu. (2014, December 31). David Sancho - Finding Holes in Banking 2FA: Operation Emmental. Retrieved January 4, 2024.", "ex...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
A system's root certificates are unlikely to change frequently. Monitor new certificates installed on a system that could be due to malicious activity.(Citation: SpectorOps Code Signing Dec 2017) Check pre-installed certificates on new systems to ensure unnecessary or suspicious certificates are not present. Microsoft ...
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
true
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "Linux", "macOS", "Windows" ]
1.2
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--c63a348e-ffc2-486a-b9d9-d7f11ec54d99
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2020-01-10T18:01:03.666000Z
2020-03-24T23:45:25.625000Z
Network Logon Script
Adversaries may use network logon scripts automatically executed at logon initialization to establish persistence. Network logon scripts can be assigned using Active Directory or Group Policy Objects.(Citation: Petri Logon Script AD) These logon scripts run with the privileges of the user they are assigned to. Dependin...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "persistence" }, { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1037.003", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1037/003" }, { "description": "Daniel Petri. (2009, January 8). Setting up a Logon Script through Active Directory Users and Computers in Windows Server 2008. Retrie...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
Monitor logon scripts for unusual access by abnormal users or at abnormal times. Look for files added or modified by unusual accounts outside of normal administration duties. Monitor running process for actions that could be indicative of abnormal programs or executables running upon logon.
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
true
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "Windows" ]
1.0
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--c675646d-e204-4aa8-978d-e3d6d65885c4
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2019-04-18T11:00:55.862000Z
2023-03-30T21:01:44.038000Z
Endpoint Denial of Service
Adversaries may perform Endpoint Denial of Service (DoS) attacks to degrade or block the availability of services to users. Endpoint DoS can be performed by exhausting the system resources those services are hosted on or exploiting the system to cause a persistent crash condition. Example services include websites, ema...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "impact" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1499", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1499" }, { "description": "Cisco. (n.d.). Detecting and Analyzing Network Threats With NetFlow. Retrieved April 25, 2019.", "external_id": null, "source_name": "...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
Detection of Endpoint DoS can sometimes be achieved before the effect is sufficient to cause significant impact to the availability of the service, but such response time typically requires very aggressive monitoring and responsiveness. Typical network throughput monitoring tools such as netflow, SNMP, and custom scrip...
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
false
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "Windows", "Azure AD", "Office 365", "SaaS", "IaaS", "Linux", "macOS", "Google Workspace", "Containers" ]
1.1
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--c726e0a2-a57a-4b7b-a973-d0f013246617
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2020-03-16T15:30:57.711000Z
2020-03-29T20:59:32.293000Z
Compile After Delivery
Adversaries may attempt to make payloads difficult to discover and analyze by delivering files to victims as uncompiled code. Text-based source code files may subvert analysis and scrutiny from protections targeting executables/binaries. These payloads will need to be compiled before execution; typically via native uti...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "defense-evasion" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1027.004", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/004" }, { "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security. (2018, November). MuddyWater Operations in Lebanon and Oman: Using an Israeli compromised domain for a two-st...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
Monitor the execution file paths and command-line arguments for common compilers, such as csc.exe and GCC/MinGW, and correlate with other suspicious behavior to reduce false positives from normal user and administrator behavior. The compilation of payloads may also generate file creation and/or file write events. Look ...
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
true
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "Linux", "macOS", "Windows" ]
1.0
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--c877e33f-1df6-40d6-b1e7-ce70f16f4979
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2021-04-01T16:42:08.735000Z
2021-10-15T22:00:56.438000Z
System Location Discovery
Adversaries may gather information in an attempt to calculate the geographical location of a victim host. Adversaries may use the information from [System Location Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1614) during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors, including whether or not the adversary fully...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "discovery" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1614", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1614" }, { "description": "FBI. (2020, November 19). Indicators of Compromise Associated with Ragnar Locker Ransomware. Retrieved April 1, 2021.", "external_id": nul...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
System and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities based on the information obtained. Monitor processes and command-line argument...
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
false
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "Windows", "Linux", "macOS", "IaaS" ]
1.0
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--c898c4b5-bf36-4e6e-a4ad-5b8c4c13e35b
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2020-09-17T12:51:40.845000Z
2021-10-15T14:02:07.944000Z
VBA Stomping
Adversaries may hide malicious Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) payloads embedded within MS Office documents by replacing the VBA source code with benign data.(Citation: FireEye VBA stomp Feb 2020) MS Office documents with embedded VBA content store source code inside of module streams. Each module stream has a <co...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "defense-evasion" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1564.007", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1564/007" }, { "description": "Cole, R., Moore, A., Stark, G., Stancill, B. (2020, February 5). STOMP 2 DIS: Brilliance in the (Visual) Basics. Retrieved September 1...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
Detection efforts should be placed finding differences between VBA source code and p-code.(Citation: Walmart Roberts Oct 2018) VBA code can be extracted from p-code before execution with tools such as the pcodedmp disassembler. The oletools toolkit leverages the pcodedmp disassembler to detect VBA stomping by comparing...
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
true
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "Linux", "Windows", "macOS" ]
1.1
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--c8e87b83-edbb-48d4-9295-4974897525b7
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2018-04-18T17:59:24.739000Z
2023-04-21T12:21:40.927000Z
BITS Jobs
Adversaries may abuse BITS jobs to persistently execute code and perform various background tasks. Windows Background Intelligent Transfer Service (BITS) is a low-bandwidth, asynchronous file transfer mechanism exposed through [Component Object Model](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1559/001) (COM).(Citation: Micr...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "defense-evasion" }, { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "persistence" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1197", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1197" }, { "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2016, June 6). Malware Lingers with BITS. Retrieved January 12, 2018.", "external_id": null, "sour...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
BITS runs as a service and its status can be checked with the Sc query utility (<code>sc query bits</code>).(Citation: Microsoft Issues with BITS July 2011) Active BITS tasks can be enumerated using the [BITSAdmin](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0190) tool (<code>bitsadmin /list /allusers /verbose</code>).(Citation...
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
false
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "Windows" ]
1.4
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--c92e3d68-2349-49e4-a341-7edca2deff96
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2020-03-27T21:50:26.042000Z
2023-08-14T19:23:58.317000Z
MSBuild
Adversaries may use MSBuild to proxy execution of code through a trusted Windows utility. MSBuild.exe (Microsoft Build Engine) is a software build platform used by Visual Studio. It handles XML formatted project files that define requirements for loading and building various platforms and configurations.(Citation: MSDN...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "defense-evasion" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1127.001", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1127/001" }, { "description": "LOLBAS. (n.d.). Msbuild.exe. Retrieved July 31, 2019.", "external_id": null, "source_name": "LOLBAS Msbuild", "url": "http...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
Use process monitoring to monitor the execution and arguments of MSBuild.exe. Compare recent invocations of those binaries with prior history of known good arguments and executed binaries to determine anomalous and potentially adversarial activity. Command arguments used before and after invocation of the utilities may...
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
true
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "Windows" ]
1.3
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--c9e0c59e-162e-40a4-b8b1-78fab4329ada
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2023-08-08T15:42:18.906000Z
2023-09-30T19:45:05.886000Z
Impersonation
Adversaries may impersonate a trusted person or organization in order to persuade and trick a target into performing some action on their behalf. For example, adversaries may communicate with victims (via [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598), [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniqu...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "defense-evasion" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1656", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1656" }, { "description": "Bart Lenaerts-Bergmans. (2023, March 10). What is Business Email Compromise?. Retrieved August 8, 2023.", "external_id": null, "source...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
false
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "Linux", "macOS", "Windows", "Office 365", "SaaS", "Google Workspace" ]
1.0
attack-pattern
attack-pattern--ca00366b-83a1-4c7b-a0ce-8ff950a7c87f
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
2023-09-05T14:19:17.486000Z
2023-10-02T22:17:54.968000Z
Modify Cloud Compute Configurations
Adversaries may modify settings that directly affect the size, locations, and resources available to cloud compute infrastructure in order to evade defenses. These settings may include service quotas, subscription associations, tenant-wide policies, or other configurations that impact available compute. Such modificati...
[ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", "phase_name": "defense-evasion" } ]
false
[ { "description": null, "external_id": "T1578.005", "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1578/005" }, { "description": "Dor Edry. (2022, August 24). Hunt for compromised Azure subscriptions using Microsoft Defender for Cloud Apps. Retrieved September 5, ...
[ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ]
[ "enterprise-attack" ]
true
identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
[ "IaaS" ]
1.0