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http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Digital_root
Digital root
The digital root, X {\displaystyle X} , of a number, n {\displaystyle n} , is calculated: find X {\displaystyle X} as the sum of the digits of n {\displaystyle n} find a new X {\displaystyle X} by summing the digits of X {\displaystyle X} , repeating until X {\displ...
#C.23
C#
using System; using System.Linq;   class Program { static Tuple<int, int> DigitalRoot(long num) { int additivepersistence = 0; while (num > 9) { num = num.ToString().ToCharArray().Sum(x => x - '0'); additivepersistence++; } return new Tuple<int, in...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Digital_root/Multiplicative_digital_root
Digital root/Multiplicative digital root
The multiplicative digital root (MDR) and multiplicative persistence (MP) of a number, n {\displaystyle n} , is calculated rather like the Digital root except digits are multiplied instead of being added: Set m {\displaystyle m} to n {\displaystyle n} and i {\displaystyle i} to 0 ...
#J
J
10&#.inv 123321 1 2 3 3 2 1
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Dragon_curve
Dragon curve
Create and display a dragon curve fractal. (You may either display the curve directly or write it to an image file.) Algorithms Here are some brief notes the algorithms used and how they might suit various languages. Recursively a right curling dragon is a right dragon followed by a left dragon, at 90-degree an...
#Xfractint
Xfractint
Dragon3 { Angle 4 Axiom XF X=XF+Y Y=XF-Y }
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Dinesman%27s_multiple-dwelling_problem
Dinesman's multiple-dwelling problem
Task Solve Dinesman's multiple dwelling problem but in a way that most naturally follows the problem statement given below. Solutions are allowed (but not required) to parse and interpret the problem text, but should remain flexible and should state what changes to the problem text are allowed. Flexibility and ease of...
#Erlang
Erlang
  -module( dinesman_multiple_dwelling ).   -export( [solve/2, task/0] ).   solve( All_persons, Rules ) -> [house(Bottom_floor, B, C, D, Top_floor) || Bottom_floor <- All_persons, B <- All_persons, C <- All_persons, D <- All_persons, Top_floor <- All_persons, lists:all( fun (Fun) -> Fun( house(Bottom_floor, B, C, D...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Dot_product
Dot product
Task Create a function/use an in-built function, to compute the   dot product,   also known as the   scalar product   of two vectors. If possible, make the vectors of arbitrary length. As an example, compute the dot product of the vectors:   [1,  3, -5]     and   [4, -2, -1] If implementing the dot ...
#DWScript
DWScript
function DotProduct(a, b : array of Float) : Float; require a.Length = b.Length; var i : Integer; begin Result := 0; for i := 0 to a.High do Result += a[i]*b[i]; end;   PrintLn(DotProduct([1,3,-5], [4,-2,-1]));
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Determine_if_a_string_is_squeezable
Determine if a string is squeezable
Determine if a character string is   squeezable. And if so,   squeeze the string   (by removing any number of a   specified   immediately repeated   character). This task is very similar to the task     Determine if a character string is collapsible     except that only a specified character is   squeezed   instead...
#11l
11l
F squeeze(input, include) V s = ‘’ L(i) 0 .< input.len I i == 0 | input[i - 1] != input[i] | (input[i - 1] == input[i] & input[i] != include) s ‘’= input[i] R s   V testStrings = [ ‘’, ‘"If I were two-faced, would I be wearing this one?" --- Abraham Lincoln ’, ‘..11111111111111111111111...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Doubly-linked_list/Definition
Doubly-linked list/Definition
Define the data structure for a complete Doubly Linked List. The structure should support adding elements to the head, tail and middle of the list. The structure should not allow circular loops See also Array Associative array: Creation, Iteration Collections Compound data type Doubly-linked list: Definitio...
#Raku
Raku
role DLElem[::T] { has DLElem[T] $.prev is rw; has DLElem[T] $.next is rw; has T $.payload = T;   method pre-insert(T $payload) { die "Can't insert before beginning" unless $!prev; my $elem = ::?CLASS.new(:$payload); $!prev.next = $elem; $elem.prev = $!prev; $elem.next = self; $!prev = $elem; $el...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Dice_game_probabilities
Dice game probabilities
Two players have a set of dice each. The first player has nine dice with four faces each, with numbers one to four. The second player has six normal dice with six faces each, each face has the usual numbers from one to six. They roll their dice and sum the totals of the faces. The player with the highest total wins (i...
#Lua
Lua
  local function simu(ndice1, nsides1, ndice2, nsides2) local function roll(ndice, nsides) local result = 0; for i = 1, ndice do result = result + math.random(nsides) end return result end local wins, coms = 0, 1000000 for i = 1, coms do local roll1 = roll(ndice1, nsides1) local ro...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Determine_if_only_one_instance_is_running
Determine if only one instance is running
This task is to determine if there is only one instance of an application running. If the program discovers that an instance of it is already running, then it should display a message indicating that it is already running and exit.
#Jsish
Jsish
/* Determine if only one instance, in Jsish */ var sock;   try { sock = new Socket({client:false, port:54321}); puts('\nApplication running for 30 seconds, from', strftime()); update(30000); puts('\nApplication ended at', strftime()); } catch (err) { puts('Applicaion already running'); exit(1); ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Determine_if_only_one_instance_is_running
Determine if only one instance is running
This task is to determine if there is only one instance of an application running. If the program discovers that an instance of it is already running, then it should display a message indicating that it is already running and exit.
#Julia
Julia
  using Sockets   const portnum = 12345   function canopen() try server = listen(portnum) println("This is the only instance.") sleep(20) catch y if findfirst("EADDRINUSE", string(y)) != nothing println("There is already an instance running.") end end end ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Determine_if_only_one_instance_is_running
Determine if only one instance is running
This task is to determine if there is only one instance of an application running. If the program discovers that an instance of it is already running, then it should display a message indicating that it is already running and exit.
#Kotlin
Kotlin
// version 1.0.6   import java.io.IOException import java.net.*   object SingleInstance { private var ss: ServerSocket? = null   fun alreadyRunning(): Boolean { try { ss = ServerSocket(65000, 10, InetAddress.getLocalHost()) // using private port 65000 } catch (e: IO...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Dining_philosophers
Dining philosophers
The dining philosophers problem illustrates non-composability of low-level synchronization primitives like semaphores. It is a modification of a problem posed by Edsger Dijkstra. Five philosophers, Aristotle, Kant, Spinoza, Marx, and Russell (the tasks) spend their time thinking and eating spaghetti. They eat at a rou...
#EchoLisp
EchoLisp
  (lib 'tasks)   (define names #(Aristotle Kant Spinoza Marx Russell)) (define abouts #("Wittgenstein" "the nature of the World" "Kant" "starving" "spaghettis" "the essence of things" "Ω" "📞" "⚽️" "🍅" "🌿" "philosophy" "💔" "👠" "rosetta code" "his to-do list" )) (define (about) (format "thinking about %a...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Discordian_date
Discordian date
Task Convert a given date from the   Gregorian calendar   to the   Discordian calendar.
#Clojure
Clojure
(require '[clj-time.core :as tc])   (def seasons ["Chaos" "Discord" "Confusion" "Bureaucracy" "The Aftermath"]) (def weekdays ["Sweetmorn" "Boomtime" "Pungenday" "Prickle-Prickle" "Setting Orange"]) (def year-offset 1166)   (defn leap-year? [year] (= 29 (tc/number-of-days-in-the-month year 2)))   (defn discordian-day...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Dijkstra%27s_algorithm
Dijkstra's algorithm
This task has been clarified. Its programming examples are in need of review to ensure that they still fit the requirements of the task. Dijkstra's algorithm, conceived by Dutch computer scientist Edsger Dijkstra in 1956 and published in 1959, is a graph search algorithm that solves the single-source shortest path pro...
#Delphi
Delphi
program Rosetta_Dijkstra_Console;   {$APPTYPE CONSOLE}   uses SysUtils; // for printing the result   // Conventional values (any negative values would do) const INFINITY = -1; NO_VERTEX = -2;   const NR_VERTICES = 6;   // DISTANCE_MATRIX[u, v] = length of directed edge from u to v, or -1 if no such edge exists. ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Digital_root
Digital root
The digital root, X {\displaystyle X} , of a number, n {\displaystyle n} , is calculated: find X {\displaystyle X} as the sum of the digits of n {\displaystyle n} find a new X {\displaystyle X} by summing the digits of X {\displaystyle X} , repeating until X {\displ...
#C.2B.2B
C++
// Calculate the Digital Root and Additive Persistance of an Integer - Compiles with gcc4.7 // // Nigel Galloway. July 23rd., 2012 // #include <iostream> #include <cmath> #include <utility>   template<class P_> P_ IncFirst(const P_& src) {return P_(src.first + 1, src.second);}   std::pair<int, int> DigitalRoot(unsigned...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Digital_root/Multiplicative_digital_root
Digital root/Multiplicative digital root
The multiplicative digital root (MDR) and multiplicative persistence (MP) of a number, n {\displaystyle n} , is calculated rather like the Digital root except digits are multiplied instead of being added: Set m {\displaystyle m} to n {\displaystyle n} and i {\displaystyle i} to 0 ...
#Java
Java
import java.util.*;   public class MultiplicativeDigitalRoot {   public static void main(String[] args) {   System.out.println("NUMBER MDR MP"); for (long n : new long[]{123321, 7739, 893, 899998}) { long[] a = multiplicativeDigitalRoot(n); System.out.printf("%6d %4d %4d%n...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Dragon_curve
Dragon curve
Create and display a dragon curve fractal. (You may either display the curve directly or write it to an image file.) Algorithms Here are some brief notes the algorithms used and how they might suit various languages. Recursively a right curling dragon is a right dragon followed by a left dragon, at 90-degree an...
#XPL0
XPL0
include c:\cxpl\codes; \intrinsic 'code' declarations   proc Dragon(D, P, Q); \Draw a colorful dragon curve int D, P, Q; \recursive depth, coordinates of line segment int R(2), \coordinates of generated new point DX, DY, C; \deltas, color ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Dinesman%27s_multiple-dwelling_problem
Dinesman's multiple-dwelling problem
Task Solve Dinesman's multiple dwelling problem but in a way that most naturally follows the problem statement given below. Solutions are allowed (but not required) to parse and interpret the problem text, but should remain flexible and should state what changes to the problem text are allowed. Flexibility and ease of...
#ERRE
ERRE
PROGRAM DINESMAN   BEGIN  ! Floors are numbered 0 (ground) to 4 (top)    ! "Baker, Cooper, Fletcher, Miller, and Smith live on different floors": stmt1$="Baker<>Cooper AND Baker<>Fletcher AND Baker<>Miller AND "+"Baker<>Smith AND Cooper<>Fletcher AND Cooper<>Miller AND "+"Cooper<>Smith AND Fletcher<>Mil...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Dot_product
Dot product
Task Create a function/use an in-built function, to compute the   dot product,   also known as the   scalar product   of two vectors. If possible, make the vectors of arbitrary length. As an example, compute the dot product of the vectors:   [1,  3, -5]     and   [4, -2, -1] If implementing the dot ...
#D.C3.A9j.C3.A0_Vu
Déjà Vu
dot a b: if /= len a len b: Raise value-error "dot product needs two vectors with the same length"   0 while a: + * pop-from a pop-from b   !. dot [ 1 3 -5 ] [ 4 -2 -1 ]
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Determine_if_a_string_is_squeezable
Determine if a string is squeezable
Determine if a character string is   squeezable. And if so,   squeeze the string   (by removing any number of a   specified   immediately repeated   character). This task is very similar to the task     Determine if a character string is collapsible     except that only a specified character is   squeezed   instead...
#8080_Assembly
8080 Assembly
puts: equ 9 org 100h jmp demo ;;; Squeeze the string at DE on the character in C. ;;; The result is written starting at HL. squeez: mvi b,'$' ; Last character seen dcx d ; Move pointer back one item sqzlp: mvi m,'$' ; Stop on end of string inx d ; Increment input pointer ldax d ; Grab character from input str...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Determine_if_a_string_is_squeezable
Determine if a string is squeezable
Determine if a character string is   squeezable. And if so,   squeeze the string   (by removing any number of a   specified   immediately repeated   character). This task is very similar to the task     Determine if a character string is collapsible     except that only a specified character is   squeezed   instead...
#Action.21
Action!
PROC Squeeze(CHAR ARRAY in,out CHAR a) BYTE i,j CHAR c   j=1 c=0 FOR i=1 TO in(0) DO IF in(i)#c OR in(i)#a THEN c=in(i) out(j)=c j==+1 FI OD out(0)=j-1 RETURN   PROC Test(CHAR ARRAY s CHAR a) CHAR ARRAY c(100) BYTE CH=$02FC ;Internal hardware value for last key pressed   Sq...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Doubly-linked_list/Definition
Doubly-linked list/Definition
Define the data structure for a complete Doubly Linked List. The structure should support adding elements to the head, tail and middle of the list. The structure should not allow circular loops See also Array Associative array: Creation, Iteration Collections Compound data type Doubly-linked list: Definitio...
#REXX
REXX
╔═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼ Functions of the List Manager ☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼ ║ ║ @init ─── initializes the List. ║ ║ ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Dice_game_probabilities
Dice game probabilities
Two players have a set of dice each. The first player has nine dice with four faces each, with numbers one to four. The second player has six normal dice with six faces each, each face has the usual numbers from one to six. They roll their dice and sum the totals of the faces. The player with the highest total wins (i...
#Mathematica_.2F_Wolfram_Language
Mathematica / Wolfram Language
ClearAll[GetProbability] GetProbability[{dice1_List, n_Integer}, {dice2_List, m_Integer}] := Module[{a, b, lena, lenb}, a = Tuples[dice1, n]; a = Plus @@@ a; lena = a // Length; a = Tally[a]; a[[All, 2]] /= lena;   b = Tuples[dice2, m]; b = Plus @@@ b; lenb = b // Length; b = Tally[b]; b[[All, 2]]...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Dice_game_probabilities
Dice game probabilities
Two players have a set of dice each. The first player has nine dice with four faces each, with numbers one to four. The second player has six normal dice with six faces each, each face has the usual numbers from one to six. They roll their dice and sum the totals of the faces. The player with the highest total wins (i...
#Nim
Nim
import bignum from math import sum   proc counts(ndices, nsides: int): seq[int] = result.setlen(ndices * nsides + 1) for i in 1..nsides: result[i] = 1 for i in 1..<ndices: var c = newSeq[int](result.len) for sum in i..(i * nsides): for val in 1..nsides: inc c[sum + val], result[sum] ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Determine_if_only_one_instance_is_running
Determine if only one instance is running
This task is to determine if there is only one instance of an application running. If the program discovers that an instance of it is already running, then it should display a message indicating that it is already running and exit.
#Lasso
Lasso
#!/usr/bin/lasso9   local(lockfile = file('/tmp/myprocess.lockfile'))   if(#lockfile -> exists) => { stdoutnl('Error: App is running as of ' + #lockfile -> readstring) abort }   handle => { #lockfile -> delete }   stdoutnl('Starting execution')   #lockfile -> doWithClose => { #lockfile -> writebytes(bytes(date)) } ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Determine_if_only_one_instance_is_running
Determine if only one instance is running
This task is to determine if there is only one instance of an application running. If the program discovers that an instance of it is already running, then it should display a message indicating that it is already running and exit.
#Liberty_BASIC
Liberty BASIC
'Create a Mutex to prevent more than one instance from being open at a single time. CallDLL #kernel32, "CreateMutexA", 0 as Long, 1 as Long, "Global\My Program" as ptr, mutex as ulong CallDLL #kernel32, "GetLastError", LastError as Long   if LastError = 183 then 'Error returned when a Mutex already exists 'Close th...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Dining_philosophers
Dining philosophers
The dining philosophers problem illustrates non-composability of low-level synchronization primitives like semaphores. It is a modification of a problem posed by Edsger Dijkstra. Five philosophers, Aristotle, Kant, Spinoza, Marx, and Russell (the tasks) spend their time thinking and eating spaghetti. They eat at a rou...
#Eiffel
Eiffel
class DINING_PHILOSOPHERS   create make   feature -- Initialization   make -- Create philosophers and forks. local first_fork: separate FORK left_fork: separate FORK right_fork: separate FORK philosopher: separate PHILOSOPHER i:...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Discordian_date
Discordian date
Task Convert a given date from the   Gregorian calendar   to the   Discordian calendar.
#CLU
CLU
% This program needs to be merged with PCLU's "useful.lib", % so it can use get_argv to read the command line. % % pclu -merge $CLUHOME/lib/useful.lib -compile cmdline.clu   %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% % Represent a day in the Discordian calendar % %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% eris...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Dijkstra%27s_algorithm
Dijkstra's algorithm
This task has been clarified. Its programming examples are in need of review to ensure that they still fit the requirements of the task. Dijkstra's algorithm, conceived by Dutch computer scientist Edsger Dijkstra in 1956 and published in 1959, is a graph search algorithm that solves the single-source shortest path pro...
#Erlang
Erlang
  -module(dijkstra). -include_lib("eunit/include/eunit.hrl"). -export([dijkstrafy/3]).   % just hide away recursion so we have a nice interface dijkstrafy(Graph, Start, End) when is_map(Graph) -> shortest_path(Graph, [{0, [Start]}], End, #{}).   shortest_path(_Graph, [], _End, _Visited) -> % if we're not going anywhe...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Digital_root
Digital root
The digital root, X {\displaystyle X} , of a number, n {\displaystyle n} , is calculated: find X {\displaystyle X} as the sum of the digits of n {\displaystyle n} find a new X {\displaystyle X} by summing the digits of X {\displaystyle X} , repeating until X {\displ...
#Clojure
Clojure
  (defn dig-root [value] (let [digits (fn [n] (map #(- (byte %) (byte \0)) (str n))) sum (fn [nums] (reduce + nums))] (loop [n value step 0] (if (< n 10) {:n value :add-persist step :digital-root n} (recur (sum ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Digital_root/Multiplicative_digital_root
Digital root/Multiplicative digital root
The multiplicative digital root (MDR) and multiplicative persistence (MP) of a number, n {\displaystyle n} , is calculated rather like the Digital root except digits are multiplied instead of being added: Set m {\displaystyle m} to n {\displaystyle n} and i {\displaystyle i} to 0 ...
#jq
jq
def do_until(condition; next): def u: if condition then . else (next|u) end; u;   def mdroot(n): def multiply: reduce .[] as $i (1; .*$i); # state: [mdr, persist] [n, 0] | do_until( .[0] < 10; [(.[0] | tostring | explode | map(.-48) | multiply), .[1] + 1] );   # Produce a table wit...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Dragon_curve
Dragon curve
Create and display a dragon curve fractal. (You may either display the curve directly or write it to an image file.) Algorithms Here are some brief notes the algorithms used and how they might suit various languages. Recursively a right curling dragon is a right dragon followed by a left dragon, at 90-degree an...
#Yabasic
Yabasic
w = 390 : h = int(w * 11 / 16) open window w, h level = 18 : insize = 247 x = 92 : y = 94   iters = 2^level qiter = 510/iters SQ = sqrt(2) : QPI = pi/4   rotation = 0 : iter = 0 : rq = 1.0 dim rqs(level)   color 0,0,0 clear window dragon()   sub dragon() if level<=0 then yn = sin(rotation)*insize + y xn = cos(ro...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Dinesman%27s_multiple-dwelling_problem
Dinesman's multiple-dwelling problem
Task Solve Dinesman's multiple dwelling problem but in a way that most naturally follows the problem statement given below. Solutions are allowed (but not required) to parse and interpret the problem text, but should remain flexible and should state what changes to the problem text are allowed. Flexibility and ease of...
#F.23
F#
  // Dinesman's multiple-dwelling. Nigel Galloway: September 23rd., 2020 type names = |Baker=0 |Cooper=1 |Miller=2 |Smith=3 |Fletcher=4 let fN=Ring.PlainChanges [|for n in System.Enum.GetValues(typeof<names>)->n:?>names|] let fG n g l=n|>Array.pairwise|>Array.forall(fun n->match n with (n,i) when (n=g && i=l)->false |(...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Dot_product
Dot product
Task Create a function/use an in-built function, to compute the   dot product,   also known as the   scalar product   of two vectors. If possible, make the vectors of arbitrary length. As an example, compute the dot product of the vectors:   [1,  3, -5]     and   [4, -2, -1] If implementing the dot ...
#Draco
Draco
proc nonrec dot_product([*] int a, b) int: int total; word i; total := 0; for i from 0 upto dim(a,1)-1 do total := total + a[i] * b[i] od; total corp   proc nonrec main() void: [3] int a = (1, 3, -5); [3] int b = (4, -2, -1); write(dot_product(a, b)) corp
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Determine_if_a_string_is_squeezable
Determine if a string is squeezable
Determine if a character string is   squeezable. And if so,   squeeze the string   (by removing any number of a   specified   immediately repeated   character). This task is very similar to the task     Determine if a character string is collapsible     except that only a specified character is   squeezed   instead...
#Ada
Ada
with Ada.Text_IO; use Ada.Text_IO; procedure Test_Squeezable is procedure Squeeze (S : in String; C : in Character) is Res : String (1 .. S'Length); Len : Natural := 0; begin Put_Line ("Character to be squeezed: '" & C & "'"); Put_Line ("Input = <<<" & S & ">>>, length =" & S'Length'Image...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Doubly-linked_list/Definition
Doubly-linked list/Definition
Define the data structure for a complete Doubly Linked List. The structure should support adding elements to the head, tail and middle of the list. The structure should not allow circular loops See also Array Associative array: Creation, Iteration Collections Compound data type Doubly-linked list: Definitio...
#Ring
Ring
  # Project : Doubly-linked list/Definition   test = [1, 5, 7, 0, 3, 2] insert(test, 0, 9) insert(test, len(test), 4) item = len(test)/2 insert(test, item, 6) showarray(test)   func showarray(vect) svect = "" for n = 1 to len(vect) svect = svect + vect[n] + " " next svect =...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Dice_game_probabilities
Dice game probabilities
Two players have a set of dice each. The first player has nine dice with four faces each, with numbers one to four. The second player has six normal dice with six faces each, each face has the usual numbers from one to six. They roll their dice and sum the totals of the faces. The player with the highest total wins (i...
#ooRexx
ooRexx
Numeric Digits 30 Call test '9 4 6 6' Call test '5 10 6 7' Exit test: Parse Arg w1 s1 w2 s2 p1.=0 p2.=0 Call pp 1,w1,s1,p1.,p2. Call pp 2,w2,s2,p1.,p2. p2low.=0 Do x=w1 To w1*s1 Do y=0 To x-1 p2low.x+=p2.y End End pwin1=0 Do x=w1 To w1*s1 pwin1+=p1.x*p2low.x End Say 'Player 1 has' w1 'dice with' s1 'sid...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Determine_if_only_one_instance_is_running
Determine if only one instance is running
This task is to determine if there is only one instance of an application running. If the program discovers that an instance of it is already running, then it should display a message indicating that it is already running and exit.
#M2000_Interpreter
M2000 Interpreter
  Module Checkit { Try { Open "MYLOCK" For Output Exclusive As #F Print "DO SOMETHING" A$=Key$ Close#f } }  
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Determine_if_only_one_instance_is_running
Determine if only one instance is running
This task is to determine if there is only one instance of an application running. If the program discovers that an instance of it is already running, then it should display a message indicating that it is already running and exit.
#Mathematica_.2F_Wolfram_Language
Mathematica / Wolfram Language
$Epilog := Print["Another instance is running "]; If[Attributes[Global`Mutex] == {Protected}, Exit[], Global`Mutex[x_] := Locked; Protect[Global`Mutex]; ]
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Determine_if_only_one_instance_is_running
Determine if only one instance is running
This task is to determine if there is only one instance of an application running. If the program discovers that an instance of it is already running, then it should display a message indicating that it is already running and exit.
#Nim
Nim
import os, posix   let fn = getHomeDir() & "rosetta-code-lock" proc ooiUnlink {.noconv.} = discard unlink fn   proc onlyOneInstance = var fl = TFlock(lType: F_WRLCK.cshort, lWhence: SEEK_SET.cshort) var fd = getFileHandle fn.open fmReadWrite if fcntl(fd, F_SETLK, addr fl) < 0: stderr.writeLine "Another instan...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Determine_if_only_one_instance_is_running
Determine if only one instance is running
This task is to determine if there is only one instance of an application running. If the program discovers that an instance of it is already running, then it should display a message indicating that it is already running and exit.
#OCaml
OCaml
open Sem   let () = let oflags = [Unix.O_CREAT; Unix.O_EXCL] in let sem = sem_open "MyUniqueName" ~oflags () in (* here the real code of the app *) Unix.sleep 20; (* end of the app *) sem_unlink "MyUniqueName"; sem_close sem
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Dining_philosophers
Dining philosophers
The dining philosophers problem illustrates non-composability of low-level synchronization primitives like semaphores. It is a modification of a problem posed by Edsger Dijkstra. Five philosophers, Aristotle, Kant, Spinoza, Marx, and Russell (the tasks) spend their time thinking and eating spaghetti. They eat at a rou...
#Elixir
Elixir
  defmodule Philosopher do   defstruct missing: [], clean: [], promised: []   def run_demo do pid1 = spawn(__MODULE__, :init, ["Russell"]) pid2 = spawn(__MODULE__, :init, ["Marx"]) pid3 = spawn(__MODULE__, :init, ["Spinoza"]) pid4 = spawn(__MODULE__, :init, ["Kant"]) pid5 = spawn(__MODULE__, :in...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Discordian_date
Discordian date
Task Convert a given date from the   Gregorian calendar   to the   Discordian calendar.
#D
D
import std.stdio, std.datetime, std.conv, std.string;   immutable seasons = ["Chaos", "Discord", "Confusion", "Bureaucracy", "The Aftermath"], weekday = ["Sweetmorn", "Boomtime", "Pungenday", "Prickle-Prickle", "Setting Orange"], apostle = ["Mungday", "Mojod...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Dijkstra%27s_algorithm
Dijkstra's algorithm
This task has been clarified. Its programming examples are in need of review to ensure that they still fit the requirements of the task. Dijkstra's algorithm, conceived by Dutch computer scientist Edsger Dijkstra in 1956 and published in 1959, is a graph search algorithm that solves the single-source shortest path pro...
#F.23
F#
  //Dijkstra's algorithm: Nigel Galloway, August 5th., 2018 [<CustomEquality;CustomComparison>] type Dijkstra<'N,'G when 'G:comparison>={toN:'N;cost:Option<'G>;fromN:'N} override g.Equals n =match n with| :? Dijkstra<'N,'G> as n->n.cost=g.cost|_->false ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Digital_root
Digital root
The digital root, X {\displaystyle X} , of a number, n {\displaystyle n} , is calculated: find X {\displaystyle X} as the sum of the digits of n {\displaystyle n} find a new X {\displaystyle X} by summing the digits of X {\displaystyle X} , repeating until X {\displ...
#CLU
CLU
sum_digits = proc (n, base: int) returns (int) sum: int := 0 while n > 0 do sum := sum + n // base n := n / base end return (sum) end sum_digits   digital_root = proc (n, base: int) returns (int, int) persistence: int := 0 while n >= base do persistence := persistence + 1...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Digital_root
Digital root
The digital root, X {\displaystyle X} , of a number, n {\displaystyle n} , is calculated: find X {\displaystyle X} as the sum of the digits of n {\displaystyle n} find a new X {\displaystyle X} by summing the digits of X {\displaystyle X} , repeating until X {\displ...
#Common_Lisp
Common Lisp
(defun digital-root (number &optional (base 10)) (loop for n = number then s for ap = 1 then (1+ ap) for s = (sum-digits n base) when (< s base) return (values s ap)))   (loop for (nr base) in '((627615 10) (393900588225 10) (#X14e344 16) (#36Rdg9r 36)) do (multiple-value-bind ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Digital_root/Multiplicative_digital_root
Digital root/Multiplicative digital root
The multiplicative digital root (MDR) and multiplicative persistence (MP) of a number, n {\displaystyle n} , is calculated rather like the Digital root except digits are multiplied instead of being added: Set m {\displaystyle m} to n {\displaystyle n} and i {\displaystyle i} to 0 ...
#Julia
Julia
  function digitalmultroot{S<:Integer,T<:Integer}(n::S, bs::T=10) -1 < n && 1 < bs || throw(DomainError()) ds = n pers = 0 while bs <= ds ds = prod(digits(ds, bs)) pers += 1 end return (pers, ds) end  
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Dragon_curve
Dragon curve
Create and display a dragon curve fractal. (You may either display the curve directly or write it to an image file.) Algorithms Here are some brief notes the algorithms used and how they might suit various languages. Recursively a right curling dragon is a right dragon followed by a left dragon, at 90-degree an...
#zkl
zkl
println(0'|<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8' standalone='no'?>|"\n" 0'|<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC '-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN'|"\n" 0'|'http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd'>|"\n" 0'|<svg width='100%' height='100%' version='1.1'|"\n" 0'|xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'>|);   order:=13.0; # akin to n...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Dinesman%27s_multiple-dwelling_problem
Dinesman's multiple-dwelling problem
Task Solve Dinesman's multiple dwelling problem but in a way that most naturally follows the problem statement given below. Solutions are allowed (but not required) to parse and interpret the problem text, but should remain flexible and should state what changes to the problem text are allowed. Flexibility and ease of...
#Factor
Factor
USING: kernel combinators.short-circuit math math.combinatorics math.ranges sequences qw prettyprint ; IN: rosetta.dinesman   : /= ( x y -- ? ) = not ; : fifth ( seq -- elt ) 4 swap nth ;   : meets-constraints? ( seq -- ? ) { [ first 5 /= ]  ! Baker does not live o...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Dot_product
Dot product
Task Create a function/use an in-built function, to compute the   dot product,   also known as the   scalar product   of two vectors. If possible, make the vectors of arbitrary length. As an example, compute the dot product of the vectors:   [1,  3, -5]     and   [4, -2, -1] If implementing the dot ...
#EchoLisp
EchoLisp
  (define a #(1 3 -5)) (define b #(4 -2 -1))   ;; function definition (define ( ⊗ a b) (for/sum ((x a)(y b)) (* x y))) (⊗ a b) → 3   ;; library (lib 'math) (dot-product a b) → 3  
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Determine_if_a_string_is_squeezable
Determine if a string is squeezable
Determine if a character string is   squeezable. And if so,   squeeze the string   (by removing any number of a   specified   immediately repeated   character). This task is very similar to the task     Determine if a character string is collapsible     except that only a specified character is   squeezed   instead...
#ALGOL_68
ALGOL 68
BEGIN # returns a squeezed version of s # # i.e. s with adjacent duplicate c characters removed # PRIO SQUEEZE = 9; OP SQUEEZE = ( STRING s, CHAR c )STRING: IF s = "" THEN "" # empty string ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Doubly-linked_list/Definition
Doubly-linked list/Definition
Define the data structure for a complete Doubly Linked List. The structure should support adding elements to the head, tail and middle of the list. The structure should not allow circular loops See also Array Associative array: Creation, Iteration Collections Compound data type Doubly-linked list: Definitio...
#Ruby
Ruby
(cond-expand (r7rs) (chicken (import r7rs)))   (import (scheme base)) (import (scheme write)) (import (scheme case-lambda)) (import (scheme process-context))   ;; A doubly-linked list will be represented by a reference to any of ;; its nodes. This is possible because the "root node" is marked as ;; such. (define-re...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Determine_if_a_string_is_collapsible
Determine if a string is collapsible
Determine if a character string is   collapsible. And if so,   collapse the string   (by removing   immediately repeated   characters). If a character string has   immediately repeated   character(s),   the repeated characters are to be deleted (removed),   but not the primary (1st) character(s). An   immediatel...
#11l
11l
F collapse(s) V cs = ‘’ V last = Char("\0") L(c) s I c != last cs ‘’= c last = c R cs   V strings = [ ‘’, ‘"If I were two-faced, would I be wearing this one?" --- Abraham Lincoln ’, ‘..1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111117777888’, ‘I never give ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Dice_game_probabilities
Dice game probabilities
Two players have a set of dice each. The first player has nine dice with four faces each, with numbers one to four. The second player has six normal dice with six faces each, each face has the usual numbers from one to six. They roll their dice and sum the totals of the faces. The player with the highest total wins (i...
#Perl
Perl
use List::Util qw(sum0 max);   sub comb { my ($s, $n) = @_; $n || return (1); my @r = (0) x ($n - max(@$s) + 1); my @c = comb($s, $n - 1); foreach my $i (0 .. $#c) { $c[$i] || next; foreach my $k (@$s) { $r[$i + $k] += $c[$i]; } } return @r; }   sub winnin...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Determine_if_a_string_has_all_the_same_characters
Determine if a string has all the same characters
Task Given a character string   (which may be empty, or have a length of zero characters):   create a function/procedure/routine to:   determine if all the characters in the string are the same   indicate if or which character is different from the previous character   display each string and its length   (as the...
#11l
11l
F analyze(s) print(‘Examining [’s‘] which has a length of ’s.len‘:’) I s.len > 1 V b = s[0] L(c) s V i = L.index I c != b print(‘ Not all characters in the string are the same.’) print(‘ '’c‘' (0x’hex(c.code)‘) is different at position ’i) R ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Determine_if_only_one_instance_is_running
Determine if only one instance is running
This task is to determine if there is only one instance of an application running. If the program discovers that an instance of it is already running, then it should display a message indicating that it is already running and exit.
#Oz
Oz
functor import Application Open System define fun {IsAlreadyRunning} try S = {New Open.socket init} in {S bind(takePort:12345)} false catch system(os(os "bind" ...) ...) then true end end   if {IsAlreadyRunning} then {System.showInfo "Exiting because already running."} ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Determine_if_only_one_instance_is_running
Determine if only one instance is running
This task is to determine if there is only one instance of an application running. If the program discovers that an instance of it is already running, then it should display a message indicating that it is already running and exit.
#Perl
Perl
use Fcntl ':flock';   INIT { die "Not able to open $0\n" unless (open ME, $0); die "I'm already running !!\n" unless(flock ME, LOCK_EX|LOCK_NB); }   sleep 60; # then your code goes here
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Determine_if_only_one_instance_is_running
Determine if only one instance is running
This task is to determine if there is only one instance of an application running. If the program discovers that an instance of it is already running, then it should display a message indicating that it is already running and exit.
#Phix
Phix
-- demo\rosetta\Single_instance.exw without js include pGUI.e function copydata_cb(Ihandle /*ih*/, atom pCommandLine, integer size) -- (the first instance is sent a copy of the second one's command line) printf(1,"COPYDATA(%s, %d)\n",{peek_string(pCommandLine), size}); return IUP_DEFAULT; end function Iup...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Dining_philosophers
Dining philosophers
The dining philosophers problem illustrates non-composability of low-level synchronization primitives like semaphores. It is a modification of a problem posed by Edsger Dijkstra. Five philosophers, Aristotle, Kant, Spinoza, Marx, and Russell (the tasks) spend their time thinking and eating spaghetti. They eat at a rou...
#Erlang
Erlang
  %%% %%% to compile and run: %%% $ erl %%% > c(rosetta). %%% {ok,rosetta} %%% > rosetta:dining(). %%% %%% contributor: bksteele %%% -module(rosetta). -export([dining/0]).   sleep(T) -> receive after T -> true end.   doForks(ForkList) -> receive {grabforks, {Left, Right}} -> ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Discordian_date
Discordian date
Task Convert a given date from the   Gregorian calendar   to the   Discordian calendar.
#Delphi
Delphi
  program Discordian_date;   {$APPTYPE CONSOLE}   uses System.SysUtils, System.DateUtils;   type TDateTimeHelper = record helper for TDateTime const seasons: array of string = ['Chaos', 'Discord', 'Confusion', 'Bureaucracy', 'The Aftermath']; weekday: array of string = ['Sweetmorn', 'Boomt...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Dijkstra%27s_algorithm
Dijkstra's algorithm
This task has been clarified. Its programming examples are in need of review to ensure that they still fit the requirements of the task. Dijkstra's algorithm, conceived by Dutch computer scientist Edsger Dijkstra in 1956 and published in 1959, is a graph search algorithm that solves the single-source shortest path pro...
#Go
Go
package main   import ( "container/heap" "fmt" )   // A PriorityQueue implements heap.Interface and holds Items. type PriorityQueue struct { items []Vertex m map[Vertex]int // value to index pr map[Vertex]int // value to priority }   func (pq *PriorityQueue) Len() int { return len(pq.items) } func...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Digital_root
Digital root
The digital root, X {\displaystyle X} , of a number, n {\displaystyle n} , is calculated: find X {\displaystyle X} as the sum of the digits of n {\displaystyle n} find a new X {\displaystyle X} by summing the digits of X {\displaystyle X} , repeating until X {\displ...
#Component_Pascal
Component Pascal
  MODULE DigitalRoot; IMPORT StdLog, Strings, TextMappers, DevCommanders;   PROCEDURE CalcDigitalRoot(x: LONGINT; OUT dr,pers: LONGINT); VAR str: ARRAY 64 OF CHAR; i: INTEGER; BEGIN dr := 0;pers := 0; LOOP Strings.IntToString(x,str); IF LEN(str$) = 1 THEN dr := x ;EXIT END; i := 0;dr := 0; WHILE (i < LEN(st...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Digital_root/Multiplicative_digital_root
Digital root/Multiplicative digital root
The multiplicative digital root (MDR) and multiplicative persistence (MP) of a number, n {\displaystyle n} , is calculated rather like the Digital root except digits are multiplied instead of being added: Set m {\displaystyle m} to n {\displaystyle n} and i {\displaystyle i} to 0 ...
#Kotlin
Kotlin
// version 1.1.2   fun multDigitalRoot(n: Int): Pair<Int, Int> = when { n < 0 -> throw IllegalArgumentException("Negative numbers not allowed") else -> { var mdr: Int var mp = 0 var nn = n do { mdr = if (nn > 0) 1 else 0 ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Dragon_curve
Dragon curve
Create and display a dragon curve fractal. (You may either display the curve directly or write it to an image file.) Algorithms Here are some brief notes the algorithms used and how they might suit various languages. Recursively a right curling dragon is a right dragon followed by a left dragon, at 90-degree an...
#ZX_Spectrum_Basic
ZX Spectrum Basic
10 LET level=15: LET insize=120 20 LET x=80: LET y=70 30 LET iters=2^level 40 LET qiter=256/iters 50 LET sq=SQR (2): LET qpi=PI/4 60 LET rotation=0: LET iter=0: LET rq=1 70 DIM r(level) 75 GO SUB 80: STOP 80 REM Dragon 90 IF level>1 THEN GO TO 200 100 LET yn=SIN (rotation)*insize+y 110 LET xn=COS (rotation)*insize+x 1...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Dinesman%27s_multiple-dwelling_problem
Dinesman's multiple-dwelling problem
Task Solve Dinesman's multiple dwelling problem but in a way that most naturally follows the problem statement given below. Solutions are allowed (but not required) to parse and interpret the problem text, but should remain flexible and should state what changes to the problem text are allowed. Flexibility and ease of...
#Forth
Forth
0 enum baker \ enumeration of all tenants enum cooper enum fletcher enum miller constant smith   create names \ names of all the tenants ," Baker" ," Cooper" ," Fletcher" ," Miller" ," Smith" \ get name, type it does> s...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Dot_product
Dot product
Task Create a function/use an in-built function, to compute the   dot product,   also known as the   scalar product   of two vectors. If possible, make the vectors of arbitrary length. As an example, compute the dot product of the vectors:   [1,  3, -5]     and   [4, -2, -1] If implementing the dot ...
#Eiffel
Eiffel
class APPLICATION   create make   feature {NONE} -- Initialization   make -- Run application. do print(dot_product(<<1, 3, -5>>, <<4, -2, -1>>).out) end   feature -- Access   dot_product (a, b: ARRAY[INTEGER]): INTEGER -- Dot product of vectors `a' and `b'. require a.lower = b.lower a.upper = b...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Determine_if_a_string_is_squeezable
Determine if a string is squeezable
Determine if a character string is   squeezable. And if so,   squeeze the string   (by removing any number of a   specified   immediately repeated   character). This task is very similar to the task     Determine if a character string is collapsible     except that only a specified character is   squeezed   instead...
#APL
APL
task←{ ⍝ Squeeze a string squeeze ← ⊢(/⍨)≠∨1,1↓⊣≠¯1⌽⊢   ⍝ Display string and length in the manner given in the task display ← {(¯2↑⍕≢⍵),' «««',⍵,'»»»'}   ⍝ Squeeze string and display output show ← { r← ⊂'chr: ''',⍺,'''' r←r,⊂' in: ',display ⍵ r←r,⊂'out: ',display ⍺ squee...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Determine_if_a_string_is_squeezable
Determine if a string is squeezable
Determine if a character string is   squeezable. And if so,   squeeze the string   (by removing any number of a   specified   immediately repeated   character). This task is very similar to the task     Determine if a character string is collapsible     except that only a specified character is   squeezed   instead...
#AutoHotkey
AutoHotkey
squeezable_string(str, char){ for i, ch in StrSplit(str){ if (ch <> prev) || !InStr(ch, char) res .= ch prev := ch } result := " (ltrim Original string:`t" StrLen(str) " characters`t«««" str "»»» Squeezable Character «««" char "»»» Resultant string:`t" StrLen(res)...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Doubly-linked_list/Definition
Doubly-linked list/Definition
Define the data structure for a complete Doubly Linked List. The structure should support adding elements to the head, tail and middle of the list. The structure should not allow circular loops See also Array Associative array: Creation, Iteration Collections Compound data type Doubly-linked list: Definitio...
#Scheme
Scheme
(cond-expand (r7rs) (chicken (import r7rs)))   (import (scheme base)) (import (scheme write)) (import (scheme case-lambda)) (import (scheme process-context))   ;; A doubly-linked list will be represented by a reference to any of ;; its nodes. This is possible because the "root node" is marked as ;; such. (define-re...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Determine_if_a_string_is_collapsible
Determine if a string is collapsible
Determine if a character string is   collapsible. And if so,   collapse the string   (by removing   immediately repeated   characters). If a character string has   immediately repeated   character(s),   the repeated characters are to be deleted (removed),   but not the primary (1st) character(s). An   immediatel...
#8080_Assembly
8080 Assembly
bdos: equ 5 puts: equ 9 org 100h jmp main ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;;; Collapse the $-terminated string at [HL] colaps: mov b,m ; B = last character seen inx h ; First character never collapses mov d,h ; DE = output pointer mov e,l mov a,b ; Empty string? cpi '$' rz ; Then do...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Determine_if_a_string_is_collapsible
Determine if a string is collapsible
Determine if a character string is   collapsible. And if so,   collapse the string   (by removing   immediately repeated   characters). If a character string has   immediately repeated   character(s),   the repeated characters are to be deleted (removed),   but not the primary (1st) character(s). An   immediatel...
#Action.21
Action!
PROC Collapse(CHAR ARRAY in,out) BYTE i,j CHAR c   j=1 c=0 FOR i=1 TO in(0) DO IF in(i)#c THEN c=in(i) out(j)=c j==+1 FI OD out(0)=j-1 RETURN   PROC Test(CHAR ARRAY s) CHAR ARRAY c(100) BYTE CH=$02FC ;Internal hardware value for last key pressed   Collapse(s,c) PrintF("<<...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Dice_game_probabilities
Dice game probabilities
Two players have a set of dice each. The first player has nine dice with four faces each, with numbers one to four. The second player has six normal dice with six faces each, each face has the usual numbers from one to six. They roll their dice and sum the totals of the faces. The player with the highest total wins (i...
#Phix
Phix
with javascript_semantics function throwDie(integer nSides, nDice, s, sequence counts) if nDice == 0 then counts[s] += 1 else for i=1 to nSides do counts = throwDie(nSides, nDice-1, s+i, counts) end for end if return counts end function function beatingProbability(i...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Determine_if_a_string_has_all_the_same_characters
Determine if a string has all the same characters
Task Given a character string   (which may be empty, or have a length of zero characters):   create a function/procedure/routine to:   determine if all the characters in the string are the same   indicate if or which character is different from the previous character   display each string and its length   (as the...
#Action.21
Action!
PROC PrintBH(BYTE a) BYTE ARRAY hex=['0 '1 '2 '3 '4 '5 '6 '7 '8 '9 'A 'B 'C 'D 'E 'F]   Put(hex(a RSH 4)) Put(hex(a&$0F)) RETURN   PROC Test(CHAR ARRAY s) BYTE i,pos   pos=0 FOR i=2 TO s(0) DO IF s(i)#s(1) THEN pos=i EXIT FI OD   PrintF("""%S"" (len=%B) -> ",s,s(0)) IF pos=0 THE...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Determine_if_a_string_has_all_the_same_characters
Determine if a string has all the same characters
Task Given a character string   (which may be empty, or have a length of zero characters):   create a function/procedure/routine to:   determine if all the characters in the string are the same   indicate if or which character is different from the previous character   display each string and its length   (as the...
#Ada
Ada
with Ada.Integer_Text_IO; use Ada.Integer_Text_IO; with Ada.Text_IO; use Ada.Text_IO; procedure Test_All_Chars_Are_Same is procedure All_Chars_Are_Same (S : in String) is First_Diff : Natural := 0; begin Put_Line ("Input = """ & S & """, length =" & S'Length'Image); for I in S'First + 1 .. S'Las...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Determine_if_only_one_instance_is_running
Determine if only one instance is running
This task is to determine if there is only one instance of an application running. If the program discovers that an instance of it is already running, then it should display a message indicating that it is already running and exit.
#PicoLisp
PicoLisp
$ cat myScript #!/usr/bin/picolisp /usr/lib/picolisp/lib.l (wait 120000) (bye)
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Determine_if_only_one_instance_is_running
Determine if only one instance is running
This task is to determine if there is only one instance of an application running. If the program discovers that an instance of it is already running, then it should display a message indicating that it is already running and exit.
#PowerShell
PowerShell
  if (Get-Process -Name "notepad" -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue) { Write-Warning -Message "notepad is already running." } else { Start-Process -FilePath C:\Windows\notepad.exe }  
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Determine_if_only_one_instance_is_running
Determine if only one instance is running
This task is to determine if there is only one instance of an application running. If the program discovers that an instance of it is already running, then it should display a message indicating that it is already running and exit.
#PureBasic
PureBasic
#MyApp="MyLittleApp" Mutex=CreateMutex_(0,1,#MyApp) If GetLastError_()=#ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS MessageRequester(#MyApp,"One instance is already started.") End EndIf   ; Main code executes here   ReleaseMutex_(Mutex) End
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Determine_if_only_one_instance_is_running
Determine if only one instance is running
This task is to determine if there is only one instance of an application running. If the program discovers that an instance of it is already running, then it should display a message indicating that it is already running and exit.
#Python
Python
import __main__, os   def isOnlyInstance(): # Determine if there are more than the current instance of the application # running at the current time. return os.system("(( $(ps -ef | grep python | grep '[" + __main__.__file__[0] + "]" + __main__.__file__[1:] + "' | w...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Dining_philosophers
Dining philosophers
The dining philosophers problem illustrates non-composability of low-level synchronization primitives like semaphores. It is a modification of a problem posed by Edsger Dijkstra. Five philosophers, Aristotle, Kant, Spinoza, Marx, and Russell (the tasks) spend their time thinking and eating spaghetti. They eat at a rou...
#Euphoria
Euphoria
constant FREE = 0, LOCKED = 1 sequence forks forks = repeat(FREE,5)   procedure person(sequence name, integer left_fork, integer right_fork) while 1 do while forks[left_fork] = LOCKED or forks[right_fork] = LOCKED do if forks[left_fork] = FREE then puts(1, name & " hasn't right f...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Discordian_date
Discordian date
Task Convert a given date from the   Gregorian calendar   to the   Discordian calendar.
#Euphoria
Euphoria
function isLeapYear(integer year) return remainder(year,4)=0 and remainder(year,100)!=0 or remainder(year,400)=0 end function   constant YEAR = 1, MONTH = 2, DAY = 3, DAY_OF_YEAR = 8   constant month_lengths = {31,28,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31} function dayOfYear(sequence Date) integer d if length(Date) ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Dijkstra%27s_algorithm
Dijkstra's algorithm
This task has been clarified. Its programming examples are in need of review to ensure that they still fit the requirements of the task. Dijkstra's algorithm, conceived by Dutch computer scientist Edsger Dijkstra in 1956 and published in 1959, is a graph search algorithm that solves the single-source shortest path pro...
#Haskell
Haskell
  {-# LANGUAGE FlexibleContexts #-} import Data.Array import Data.Array.MArray import Data.Array.ST import Control.Monad.ST import Control.Monad (foldM) import Data.Set as S   dijkstra :: (Ix v, Num w, Ord w, Bounded w) => v -> v -> Array v [(v,w)] -> (Array v w, Array v v) dijkstra src invalid_index adj_list = runST $...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Digital_root
Digital root
The digital root, X {\displaystyle X} , of a number, n {\displaystyle n} , is calculated: find X {\displaystyle X} as the sum of the digits of n {\displaystyle n} find a new X {\displaystyle X} by summing the digits of X {\displaystyle X} , repeating until X {\displ...
#COBOL
COBOL
IDENTIFICATION DIVISION. PROGRAM-ID. DIGITAL-ROOT.   DATA DIVISION. WORKING-STORAGE SECTION. 01 VARIABLES. 03 INPUT-NUMBER PIC 9(16). 03 INPUT-DIGITS REDEFINES INPUT-NUMBER, PIC 9 OCCURS 16 TIMES. 03 DIGIT-SUM ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Digital_root/Multiplicative_digital_root
Digital root/Multiplicative digital root
The multiplicative digital root (MDR) and multiplicative persistence (MP) of a number, n {\displaystyle n} , is calculated rather like the Digital root except digits are multiplied instead of being added: Set m {\displaystyle m} to n {\displaystyle n} and i {\displaystyle i} to 0 ...
#M2000_Interpreter
M2000 Interpreter
multDigitalRoot=lambda (n as decimal) ->{ if n<0 then error "Negative numbers not allowed" def decimal mdr, mp, nn nn=n do mdr=IF(nn>0->1@, 0@) while nn>0 mdr*=nn mod 10@ nn|div 10@ end while mp++ nn=mdr when mdr>=10 =(mdr, mp) } Document doc$ ia=(123321, 7739, 893, 899998) in_ia=each(ia) while in...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Dinesman%27s_multiple-dwelling_problem
Dinesman's multiple-dwelling problem
Task Solve Dinesman's multiple dwelling problem but in a way that most naturally follows the problem statement given below. Solutions are allowed (but not required) to parse and interpret the problem text, but should remain flexible and should state what changes to the problem text are allowed. Flexibility and ease of...
#Go
Go
package main   import "fmt"   // The program here is restricted to finding assignments of tenants (or more // generally variables with distinct names) to floors (or more generally // integer values.) It finds a solution assigning all tenants and assigning // them to different floors.   // Change number and names of te...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Dot_product
Dot product
Task Create a function/use an in-built function, to compute the   dot product,   also known as the   scalar product   of two vectors. If possible, make the vectors of arbitrary length. As an example, compute the dot product of the vectors:   [1,  3, -5]     and   [4, -2, -1] If implementing the dot ...
#Ela
Ela
open list   dotp a b | length a == length b = sum (zipWith (*) a b) | else = fail "Vector sizes must match."   dotp [1,3,-5] [4,-2,-1]
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Dot_product
Dot product
Task Create a function/use an in-built function, to compute the   dot product,   also known as the   scalar product   of two vectors. If possible, make the vectors of arbitrary length. As an example, compute the dot product of the vectors:   [1,  3, -5]     and   [4, -2, -1] If implementing the dot ...
#Elena
Elena
import extensions; import system'routines;   extension op { method dotProduct(int[] array) = self.zipBy(array, (x,y => x * y)).summarize(); }   public program() { console.printLine(new int[]{1, 3, -5}.dotProduct(new int[]{4, -2, -1})) }
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Determine_if_a_string_is_squeezable
Determine if a string is squeezable
Determine if a character string is   squeezable. And if so,   squeeze the string   (by removing any number of a   specified   immediately repeated   character). This task is very similar to the task     Determine if a character string is collapsible     except that only a specified character is   squeezed   instead...
#AWK
AWK
  # syntax: GAWK -f DETERMINE_IF_A_STRING_IS_SQUEEZABLE.AWK BEGIN { arr[++n] = ""  ; arr2[n] = " " arr[++n] = "\"If I were two-faced, would I be wearing this one?\" --- Abraham Lincoln "  ; arr2[n] = "-" arr[++n] = "..111111...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Determine_if_a_string_is_numeric
Determine if a string is numeric
Task Create a boolean function which takes in a string and tells whether it is a numeric string (floating point and negative numbers included) in the syntax the language uses for numeric literals or numbers converted from strings. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Cop...
#6502_Assembly
6502 Assembly
macro loadpair,regs,addr lda #<\addr sta \regs lda #>\addr sta \regs+1 endm macro pushY tya pha endm macro popY pla tay endm
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Doubly-linked_list/Definition
Doubly-linked list/Definition
Define the data structure for a complete Doubly Linked List. The structure should support adding elements to the head, tail and middle of the list. The structure should not allow circular loops See also Array Associative array: Creation, Iteration Collections Compound data type Doubly-linked list: Definitio...
#Swift
Swift
typealias NodePtr<T> = UnsafeMutablePointer<Node<T>>   class Node<T> { var value: T fileprivate var prev: NodePtr<T>? fileprivate var next: NodePtr<T>?   init(value: T, prev: NodePtr<T>? = nil, next: NodePtr<T>? = nil) { self.value = value self.prev = prev self.next = next } }   struct DoublyLinke...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Determine_if_a_string_is_collapsible
Determine if a string is collapsible
Determine if a character string is   collapsible. And if so,   collapse the string   (by removing   immediately repeated   characters). If a character string has   immediately repeated   character(s),   the repeated characters are to be deleted (removed),   but not the primary (1st) character(s). An   immediatel...
#Ada
Ada
with Ada.Text_IO; use Ada.Text_IO; procedure Test_Collapsible is procedure Collapse (S : in String) is Res : String (1 .. S'Length); Len : Natural := 0; begin Put_Line ("Input = <<<" & S & ">>>, length =" & S'Length'Image); for I in S'Range loop if Len = 0 or else S(I) /= Res(Len...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Determine_if_a_string_is_collapsible
Determine if a string is collapsible
Determine if a character string is   collapsible. And if so,   collapse the string   (by removing   immediately repeated   characters). If a character string has   immediately repeated   character(s),   the repeated characters are to be deleted (removed),   but not the primary (1st) character(s). An   immediatel...
#ALGOL_68
ALGOL 68
BEGIN # returns a collapsed version of s # # i.e. s with adjacent duplicate characters removed # PROC collapse = ( STRING s )STRING: IF s = "" THEN "" # empty string # ELSE # non-empt...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Dice_game_probabilities
Dice game probabilities
Two players have a set of dice each. The first player has nine dice with four faces each, with numbers one to four. The second player has six normal dice with six faces each, each face has the usual numbers from one to six. They roll their dice and sum the totals of the faces. The player with the highest total wins (i...
#PL.2FI
PL/I
*process source attributes xref; dicegame: Proc Options(main); Call test(9, 4,6,6); Call test(5,10,6,7); test: Proc(w1,s1,w2,s2); Dcl (w1,s1,w2,s2,x,y) Bin Fixed(31); Dcl p1(100) Dec Float(18) Init((100)0); Dcl p2(100) Dec Float(18) Init((100)0); Dcl p2low(100) Dec Float(18) Init((100)0); Call pp(w1,s1,p...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Determine_if_a_string_has_all_the_same_characters
Determine if a string has all the same characters
Task Given a character string   (which may be empty, or have a length of zero characters):   create a function/procedure/routine to:   determine if all the characters in the string are the same   indicate if or which character is different from the previous character   display each string and its length   (as the...
#ALGOL_68
ALGOL 68
BEGIN # return the position of the first different character in s # # or UPB s + 1 if all the characters are the same # OP FIRSTDIFF = ( STRING s )INT: IF UPB s <= LWB s THEN # 0 or 1 character # ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Determine_if_only_one_instance_is_running
Determine if only one instance is running
This task is to determine if there is only one instance of an application running. If the program discovers that an instance of it is already running, then it should display a message indicating that it is already running and exit.
#Racket
Racket
  #lang racket (define *port* 12345) ; random large port number (define listener-handler (with-handlers ([exn? (λ(e) (printf "Already running, bye.\n") (exit))]) (tcp-listen *port*))) (printf "Working...\n") (sleep 10)  
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Determine_if_only_one_instance_is_running
Determine if only one instance is running
This task is to determine if there is only one instance of an application running. If the program discovers that an instance of it is already running, then it should display a message indicating that it is already running and exit.
#Raku
Raku
my $name = $*PROGRAM-NAME; my $pid = $*PID;   my $lockdir = "/tmp"; my $lockfile = "$lockdir/$name.pid"; my $lockpid = "$lockfile$pid"; my $havelock = False;   END { unlink $lockfile if $havelock; try unlink $lockpid; }   my $pidfile = open "$lockpid", :w orelse .die; $pidfile.say($pid); $pidfile.close;   if tr...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Determine_if_only_one_instance_is_running
Determine if only one instance is running
This task is to determine if there is only one instance of an application running. If the program discovers that an instance of it is already running, then it should display a message indicating that it is already running and exit.
#REXX
REXX
/* Simple ARexx program to open a port after checking if it's already open */ IF Show('PORTS','ROSETTA') THEN DO /* Port is already open; exit */ SAY 'This program may only be run in a single instance at a time.' EXIT 5 /* Exit with a mild warning */ END ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Dining_philosophers
Dining philosophers
The dining philosophers problem illustrates non-composability of low-level synchronization primitives like semaphores. It is a modification of a problem posed by Edsger Dijkstra. Five philosophers, Aristotle, Kant, Spinoza, Marx, and Russell (the tasks) spend their time thinking and eating spaghetti. They eat at a rou...
#F.23
F#
  open System   let flip f x y = f y x   let rec cycle s = seq { yield! s; yield! cycle s }   type Agent<'T> = MailboxProcessor<'T>   type Message = Waiting of (Set<int> * AsyncReplyChannel<unit>) | Done of Set<int>   let reply (c: AsyncReplyChannel<_>) = c.Reply()   let strategy forks waiting = let aux, waiting =...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Discordian_date
Discordian date
Task Convert a given date from the   Gregorian calendar   to the   Discordian calendar.
#F.23
F#
open System   let seasons = [| "Chaos"; "Discord"; "Confusion"; "Bureaucracy"; "The Aftermath" |]   let ddate (date:DateTime) = let dyear = date.Year + 1166 let leapYear = DateTime.IsLeapYear(date.Year)   if leapYear && date.Month = 2 && date.Day = 29 then sprintf "St. Tib's Day, %i YOLD" dyear ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Dijkstra%27s_algorithm
Dijkstra's algorithm
This task has been clarified. Its programming examples are in need of review to ensure that they still fit the requirements of the task. Dijkstra's algorithm, conceived by Dutch computer scientist Edsger Dijkstra in 1956 and published in 1959, is a graph search algorithm that solves the single-source shortest path pro...
#Huginn
Huginn
import Algorithms as algo; import Mathematics as math; import Text as text;   class Edge { _to = none; _name = none; _cost = none; constructor( to_, name_, cost_ ) { _to = to_; _name = name_; _cost = real( cost_ ); } to_string() { return ( "{}<{}>".format( _name, _cost ) ); } }   class Path { _id = none...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Digital_root
Digital root
The digital root, X {\displaystyle X} , of a number, n {\displaystyle n} , is calculated: find X {\displaystyle X} as the sum of the digits of n {\displaystyle n} find a new X {\displaystyle X} by summing the digits of X {\displaystyle X} , repeating until X {\displ...
#Cowgol
Cowgol
include "cowgol.coh";   # Calculate the digital root and additive persistance of a number # in a given base sub digital_root(n: uint32, base: uint32): (root: uint32, pers: uint8) is pers := 0; while base < n loop var step: uint32 := 0; while n > 0 loop step := step + (n % base); ...