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http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Check_that_file_exists
Check that file exists
Task Verify that a file called     input.txt     and   a directory called     docs     exist. This should be done twice:     once for the current working directory,   and   once for a file and a directory in the filesystem root. Optional criteria (May 2015):   verify it works with:   zero-length files   an ...
#Clojure
Clojure
    (dorun (map #(.exists (clojure.java.io/as-file %)) '("/input.txt" "/docs" "./input.txt" "./docs")))    
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Check_that_file_exists
Check that file exists
Task Verify that a file called     input.txt     and   a directory called     docs     exist. This should be done twice:     once for the current working directory,   and   once for a file and a directory in the filesystem root. Optional criteria (May 2015):   verify it works with:   zero-length files   an ...
#COBOL
COBOL
identification division. program-id. check-file-exist.   environment division. configuration section. repository. function all intrinsic.   data division. working-storage section. 01 skip pic 9 value 2. 01 file-name. 05 ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Chaos_game
Chaos game
The Chaos Game is a method of generating the attractor of an iterated function system (IFS). One of the best-known and simplest examples creates a fractal, using a polygon and an initial point selected at random. Task Play the Chaos Game using the corners of an equilateral triangle as the reference points.   Add a ...
#F.23
F#
  open System.Windows.Forms open System.Drawing open System   let sz = 300 let polygon = [Point(sz/2, int (float sz*(1.0-sin(Math.PI/3.0)))); Point(0, sz-1); Point(sz-1, sz-1)]   let bmp = new Bitmap(sz, sz) let paint (p: Point) = bmp.SetPixel(p.X, p.Y, Color.Black)   let random = Random() let seed = Point(int (random....
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Chat_server
Chat server
Task Write a server for a minimal text based chat. People should be able to connect via ‘telnet’, sign on with a nickname, and type messages which will then be seen by all other connected users. Arrivals and departures of chat members should generate appropriate notification messages.
#Haskell
Haskell
{-# LANGUAGE OverloadedStrings #-} import Network import System.IO import Control.Concurrent import qualified Data.Text as T import Data.Text (Text) import qualified Data.Text.IO as T import qualified Data.Map as M import Data.Map (Map) import Control.Monad.Reader import Control.Monad.Error import Control.Exception imp...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Check_Machin-like_formulas
Check Machin-like formulas
Machin-like formulas   are useful for efficiently computing numerical approximations for π {\displaystyle \pi } Task Verify the following Machin-like formulas are correct by calculating the value of tan   (right hand side) for each equation using exact arithmetic and showing they equal 1: π 4 = ar...
#ooRexx
ooRexx
/*REXX ---------------------------------------------------------------- * 09.04.2014 Walter Pachl the REXX solution adapted for ooRexx * which provides a function package rxMath *--------------------------------------------------------------------*/ Numeric Digits 16 Numeric Fuzz 3; pi=rx...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Character_codes
Character codes
Task Given a character value in your language, print its code   (could be ASCII code, Unicode code, or whatever your language uses). Example The character   'a'   (lowercase letter A)   has a code of 97 in ASCII   (as well as Unicode, as ASCII forms the beginning of Unicode). Conversely, given a code, print out...
#Batch_File
Batch File
  @echo off :: Supports all ASCII characters and codes from 34-126 with the exceptions of: :: 38 & :: 60 < :: 62 > :: 94 ^ :: 124 |   :_main call:_toCode a call:_toChar 97 pause>nul exit /b   :_toCode setlocal enabledelayedexpansion set codecount=32   for /l %%i in (33,1,126) do ( set /a codecount+=1 cmd /c ex...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Cholesky_decomposition
Cholesky decomposition
Every symmetric, positive definite matrix A can be decomposed into a product of a unique lower triangular matrix L and its transpose: A = L L T {\displaystyle A=LL^{T}} L {\displaystyle L} is called the Cholesky factor of A {\displaystyle A} , and can be interpreted as a generalized square r...
#JavaScript
JavaScript
  const cholesky = function (array) { const zeros = [...Array(array.length)].map( _ => Array(array.length).fill(0)); const L = zeros.map((row, r, xL) => row.map((v, c) => { const sum = row.reduce((s, _, i) => i < c ? s + xL[r][i] * xL[c][i] : s, 0); return xL[r][c] = c < r + 1 ? r === c ? Math.sqrt(array[r][r] - ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Cheryl%27s_birthday
Cheryl's birthday
Albert and Bernard just became friends with Cheryl, and they want to know when her birthday is. Cheryl gave them a list of ten possible dates: May 15, May 16, May 19 June 17, June 18 July 14, July 16 August 14, August 15, August 17 Cheryl then tells Albert the   month   of birth, ...
#jq
jq
def count(stream; cond): reduce stream as $i (0; if $i|cond then .+1 else . end);   def Months: [ "January", "February", "March", "April", "May", "June", "July", "August", "September", "October", "November", "December" ];   # tostring def birthday: "\(Months[.month-1]) \(.day)";   # Input: a Birthday def mont...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Cheryl%27s_birthday
Cheryl's birthday
Albert and Bernard just became friends with Cheryl, and they want to know when her birthday is. Cheryl gave them a list of ten possible dates: May 15, May 16, May 19 June 17, June 18 July 14, July 16 August 14, August 15, August 17 Cheryl then tells Albert the   month   of birth, ...
#Julia
Julia
const dates = [[15, "May"], [16, "May"], [19, "May"], [17, "June"], [18, "June"], [14, "July"], [16, "July"], [14, "August"], [15, "August"], [17, "August"]]   uniqueday(parr) = filter(x -> count(y -> y[1] == x[1], parr) == 1, parr)   # At the start, they come to know that they have no unique day of month to identi...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Checkpoint_synchronization
Checkpoint synchronization
The checkpoint synchronization is a problem of synchronizing multiple tasks. Consider a workshop where several workers (tasks) assembly details of some mechanism. When each of them completes his work they put the details together. There is no store, so a worker who finished its part first must wait for others before st...
#Ruby
Ruby
require 'socket'   # A Workshop runs all of its workers, then collects their results. Use # Workshop#add to add workers and Workshop#work to run them. # # This implementation forks some processes to run the workers in # parallel. Ruby must provide Kernel#fork and 'socket' library must # provide UNIXSocket. # # Why proc...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Collections
Collections
This task has been clarified. Its programming examples are in need of review to ensure that they still fit the requirements of the task. Collections are abstractions to represent sets of values. In statically-typed languages, the values are typically of a common data type. Task Create a collection, and add a fe...
#Kotlin
Kotlin
import java.util.PriorityQueue   fun main(args: Array<String>) { // generic array val ga = arrayOf(1, 2, 3) println(ga.joinToString(prefix = "[", postfix = "]"))   // specialized array (one for each primitive type) val da = doubleArrayOf(4.0, 5.0, 6.0) println(da.joinToString(prefix = "[", postf...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Combinations
Combinations
Task Given non-negative integers   m   and   n,   generate all size   m   combinations   of the integers from   0   (zero)   to   n-1   in sorted order   (each combination is sorted and the entire table is sorted). Example 3   comb   5     is: 0 1 2 0 1 3 0 1 4 0 2 3 0 2 4 0 3 4 1 2 3 1 2 4 1 3 4 2 3 4 ...
#Pascal
Pascal
Program Combinations;   const m_max = 3; n_max = 5; var combination: array [0..m_max] of integer;   procedure generate(m: integer); var n, i: integer; begin if (m > m_max) then begin for i := 1 to m_max do write (combination[i], ' '); writeln; end else for n := 1 to n_max do ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Conditional_structures
Conditional structures
Control Structures These are examples of control structures. You may also be interested in: Conditional structures Exceptions Flow-control structures Loops Task List the conditional structures offered by a programming language. See Wikipedia: conditionals for descriptions. Common conditional structures include ...
#Sather
Sather
if EXPR then -- CODE elsif EXPR then -- CODE else -- CODE end;
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Chinese_remainder_theorem
Chinese remainder theorem
Suppose   n 1 {\displaystyle n_{1}} ,   n 2 {\displaystyle n_{2}} ,   … {\displaystyle \ldots } ,   n k {\displaystyle n_{k}}   are positive integers that are pairwise co-prime.   Then, for any given sequence of integers   a 1 {\displaystyle a_{1}} ,   a 2 ...
#Groovy
Groovy
class ChineseRemainderTheorem { static int chineseRemainder(int[] n, int[] a) { int prod = 1 for (int i = 0; i < n.length; i++) { prod *= n[i] }   int p, sm = 0 for (int i = 0; i < n.length; i++) { p = prod.intdiv(n[i]) sm += a[i] * mulInv(...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Chowla_numbers
Chowla numbers
Chowla numbers are also known as:   Chowla's function   chowla numbers   the chowla function   the chowla number   the chowla sequence The chowla number of   n   is   (as defined by Chowla's function):   the sum of the divisors of   n     excluding unity and   n   where   n   is a positive integer The s...
#Picat
Picat
  table chowla(1) = 0. chowla(2) = 0. chowla(3) = 0. chowla(N) = C, N>3 => Max = floor(sqrt(N)), Sum = 0, foreach (X in 2..Max, N mod X == 0) Y := N div X, Sum := Sum + X + Y end, if (N == Max * Max) then Sum := Sum - Max end, C = Sum.   main => foreach (I in 1..3...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Chowla_numbers
Chowla numbers
Chowla numbers are also known as:   Chowla's function   chowla numbers   the chowla function   the chowla number   the chowla sequence The chowla number of   n   is   (as defined by Chowla's function):   the sum of the divisors of   n     excluding unity and   n   where   n   is a positive integer The s...
#PicoLisp
PicoLisp
(de accu1 (Var Key) (if (assoc Key (val Var)) (con @ (inc (cdr @))) (push Var (cons Key 1)) ) Key ) (de factor (N) (let (R NIL D 2 L (1 2 2 . (4 2 4 2 4 6 2 6 .)) M (sqrt N) ) (while (>= M D) (if (=0 (% N D)) (setq M (sqrt (...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Church_numerals
Church numerals
Task In the Church encoding of natural numbers, the number N is encoded by a function that applies its first argument N times to its second argument. Church zero always returns the identity function, regardless of its first argument. In other words, the first argument is not applied to the second argument at all. C...
#Wren
Wren
class Church { static zero { Fn.new { Fn.new { |x| x } } }   static succ(c) { Fn.new { |f| Fn.new { |x| f.call(c.call(f).call(x)) } } }   static add(c, d) { Fn.new { |f| Fn.new { |x| c.call(f).call(d.call(f).call(x)) } } }   static mul(c, d) { Fn.new { |f| c.call(d.call(f)) } }   static pow(c, e) { ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Classes
Classes
In object-oriented programming class is a set (a transitive closure) of types bound by the relation of inheritance. It is said that all types derived from some base type T and the type T itself form a class T. The first type T from the class T sometimes is called the root type of the class. A class of types itself, a...
#Lasso
Lasso
  define mytype => type { data public id::integer = 0, public val::string = '', public rand::integer = 0   public onCreate() => { // "onCreate" runs when instance created, populates .rand .rand = math_random(50,1) } public asString() => { return 'has a value of: "'+.val+'" and a rand number of "'+.ran...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Classes
Classes
In object-oriented programming class is a set (a transitive closure) of types bound by the relation of inheritance. It is said that all types derived from some base type T and the type T itself form a class T. The first type T from the class T sometimes is called the root type of the class. A class of types itself, a...
#LFE
LFE
  (defmodule simple-object (export all))   (defun fish-class (species) " This is the constructor used internally, once the children and fish id are known. " (let ((habitat '"water")) (lambda (method-name) (case method-name ('habitat (lambda (self) habitat)) ('species ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Closest-pair_problem
Closest-pair problem
This page uses content from Wikipedia. The original article was at Closest pair of points problem. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Rosetta Code, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU FDL. (See links for details on variance) Task Provide a function to find the closest two p...
#Objective-C
Objective-C
    type point = { x : float; y : float }     let cmpPointX (a : point) (b : point) = compare a.x b.x let cmpPointY (a : point) (b : point) = compare a.y b.y     let distSqrd (seg : (point * point) option) = match seg with | None -> max_float | Some(line) -> let a = fst line in let b = snd line in   ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Closures/Value_capture
Closures/Value capture
Task Create a list of ten functions, in the simplest manner possible   (anonymous functions are encouraged),   such that the function at index   i   (you may choose to start   i   from either   0   or   1),   when run, should return the square of the index,   that is,   i 2. Display the result of runnin...
#Tcl
Tcl
package require Tcl 8.6; # Just for tailcall command # Builds a value-capturing closure; does NOT couple variables proc closure {script} { set valuemap {} foreach v [uplevel 1 {info vars}] { lappend valuemap [list $v [uplevel 1 [list set $v]]] } set body [list $valuemap $script [uplevel 1 {namespace cu...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Circles_of_given_radius_through_two_points
Circles of given radius through two points
Given two points on a plane and a radius, usually two circles of given radius can be drawn through the points. Exceptions r==0.0 should be treated as never describing circles (except in the case where the points are coincident). If the points are coincident then an infinite number of circles with the point on thei...
#Java
Java
import java.util.Objects;   public class Circles { private static class Point { private final double x, y;   public Point(Double x, Double y) { this.x = x; this.y = y; }   public double distanceFrom(Point other) { double dx = x - other.x; ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Chinese_zodiac
Chinese zodiac
Traditionally, the Chinese have counted years using two simultaneous cycles, one of length 10 (the "celestial stems") and one of length 12 (the "terrestrial branches"); the combination results in a repeating 60-year pattern. Mapping the branches to twelve traditional animal deities results in the well-known "Chinese zo...
#J
J
ELEMENTS=: _4 |. 2 # ;:'Wood Fire Earth Metal Water' YEARS=: 1935 1938 1968 1972 1976 2017   ANIMALS=: _4 |. ;:'Rat Ox Tiger Rabbit Dragon Snake Horse Goat Monkey Rooster Dog Pig' YINYANG=: ;:'yang yin'   cz=: (|~ #)~ { [   ANIMALS cz YEARS ┌───┬─────┬──────┬───┬──────┬───────┐ │Pig│Tiger│Monkey│Rat│D...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Check_that_file_exists
Check that file exists
Task Verify that a file called     input.txt     and   a directory called     docs     exist. This should be done twice:     once for the current working directory,   and   once for a file and a directory in the filesystem root. Optional criteria (May 2015):   verify it works with:   zero-length files   an ...
#CoffeeScript
CoffeeScript
  fs = require 'fs' path = require 'path'   root = path.resolve '/' current_dir = __dirname filename = 'input.txt' dirname = 'docs'   local_file = path.join current_dir, filename local_dir = path.join current_dir, dirname   root_file = path.join root, filename root_dir = path.join root, dirname   for p in [ local_file,...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Check_that_file_exists
Check that file exists
Task Verify that a file called     input.txt     and   a directory called     docs     exist. This should be done twice:     once for the current working directory,   and   once for a file and a directory in the filesystem root. Optional criteria (May 2015):   verify it works with:   zero-length files   an ...
#Common_Lisp
Common Lisp
(if (probe-file (make-pathname :name "input.txt")) (print "rel file exists")) (if (probe-file (make-pathname :directory '(:absolute "") :name "input.txt")) (print "abs file exists"))   (if (directory (make-pathname :directory '(:relative "docs"))) (print "rel directory exists") (print "rel directory is ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Chaos_game
Chaos game
The Chaos Game is a method of generating the attractor of an iterated function system (IFS). One of the best-known and simplest examples creates a fractal, using a polygon and an initial point selected at random. Task Play the Chaos Game using the corners of an equilateral triangle as the reference points.   Add a ...
#Fortran
Fortran
  PROGRAM CHAOS IMPLICIT NONE REAL, DIMENSION(3):: KA, KN ! Koordinates old/new REAL, DIMENSION(3):: DA, DB, DC ! Triangle INTEGER:: I, Z INTEGER, PARAMETER:: UT = 17 ! Define corners of triangle DA = (/ 0., 0., 0. /) DB = (/ 600., 0., 0. /) DC = (/ 500., 0., 400. /) ! Define starting point KA = (/ ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Chat_server
Chat server
Task Write a server for a minimal text based chat. People should be able to connect via ‘telnet’, sign on with a nickname, and type messages which will then be seen by all other connected users. Arrivals and departures of chat members should generate appropriate notification messages.
#Icon_and_Unicon
Icon and Unicon
global mlck, nCons, cons   procedure main() mlck := mutex() nCons := 0 cons := mutex(set()) while f := open(":12321","na") do { handle_client(f) critical mlck: if nCons <= 0 then close(f) } end   procedure handle_client(f) critical mlck: nCons +:= 1 thread { selec...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Check_Machin-like_formulas
Check Machin-like formulas
Machin-like formulas   are useful for efficiently computing numerical approximations for π {\displaystyle \pi } Task Verify the following Machin-like formulas are correct by calculating the value of tan   (right hand side) for each equation using exact arithmetic and showing they equal 1: π 4 = ar...
#PARI.2FGP
PARI/GP
tanEval(coef, f)={ if (coef <= 1, return(if(coef<1,-tanEval(-coef, f),f))); my(a=tanEval(coef\2, f), b=tanEval(coef-coef\2, f)); (a + b)/(1 - a*b) }; tans(xs)={ if (#xs == 1, return(tanEval(xs[1][1], xs[1][2]))); my(a=tans(xs[1..#xs\2]),b=tans(xs[#xs\2+1..#xs])); (a + b)/(1 - a*b) }; test(v)={ my(t=tans(v)); if...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Character_codes
Character codes
Task Given a character value in your language, print its code   (could be ASCII code, Unicode code, or whatever your language uses). Example The character   'a'   (lowercase letter A)   has a code of 97 in ASCII   (as well as Unicode, as ASCII forms the beginning of Unicode). Conversely, given a code, print out...
#BBC_BASIC
BBC BASIC
charCode = 97 char$ = "a" PRINT CHR$(charCode) : REM prints a PRINT ASC(char$) : REM prints 97
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Character_codes
Character codes
Task Given a character value in your language, print its code   (could be ASCII code, Unicode code, or whatever your language uses). Example The character   'a'   (lowercase letter A)   has a code of 97 in ASCII   (as well as Unicode, as ASCII forms the beginning of Unicode). Conversely, given a code, print out...
#Befunge
Befunge
"a". 99*44*+, @
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Cholesky_decomposition
Cholesky decomposition
Every symmetric, positive definite matrix A can be decomposed into a product of a unique lower triangular matrix L and its transpose: A = L L T {\displaystyle A=LL^{T}} L {\displaystyle L} is called the Cholesky factor of A {\displaystyle A} , and can be interpreted as a generalized square r...
#jq
jq
# Create an m x n matrix def matrix(m; n; init): if m == 0 then [] elif m == 1 then [range(0; n)] | map(init) elif m > 0 then matrix(1; n; init) as $row | [range(0; m)] | map( $row ) else error("matrix\(m);_;_) invalid") end ;   # Print a matrix neatly, each cell ideally occupying n spaces, # ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Cholesky_decomposition
Cholesky decomposition
Every symmetric, positive definite matrix A can be decomposed into a product of a unique lower triangular matrix L and its transpose: A = L L T {\displaystyle A=LL^{T}} L {\displaystyle L} is called the Cholesky factor of A {\displaystyle A} , and can be interpreted as a generalized square r...
#Julia
Julia
  a = [25 15 5; 15 18 0; -5 0 11] b = [18 22 54 22; 22 70 86 62; 54 86 174 134; 42 62 134 106]   println(a, "\n => \n", chol(a, :L)) println(b, "\n => \n", chol(b, :L))  
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Cheryl%27s_birthday
Cheryl's birthday
Albert and Bernard just became friends with Cheryl, and they want to know when her birthday is. Cheryl gave them a list of ten possible dates: May 15, May 16, May 19 June 17, June 18 July 14, July 16 August 14, August 15, August 17 Cheryl then tells Albert the   month   of birth, ...
#Kotlin
Kotlin
// Version 1.2.71   val months = listOf( "January", "February", "March", "April", "May", "June", "July", "August", "September", "October", "November", "December" )   class Birthday(val month: Int, val day: Int) { public override fun toString() = "${months[month - 1]} $day"   public fun monthUniqueIn(bds...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Checkpoint_synchronization
Checkpoint synchronization
The checkpoint synchronization is a problem of synchronizing multiple tasks. Consider a workshop where several workers (tasks) assembly details of some mechanism. When each of them completes his work they put the details together. There is no store, so a worker who finished its part first must wait for others before st...
#Rust
Rust
  //! We implement this task using Rust's Barriers. Barriers are simply thread synchronization //! points--if a task waits at a barrier, it will not continue until the number of tasks for which //! the variable was initialized are also waiting at the barrier, at which point all of them will //! stop waiting. This can...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Checkpoint_synchronization
Checkpoint synchronization
The checkpoint synchronization is a problem of synchronizing multiple tasks. Consider a workshop where several workers (tasks) assembly details of some mechanism. When each of them completes his work they put the details together. There is no store, so a worker who finished its part first must wait for others before st...
#Scala
Scala
import java.util.{Random, Scanner}   object CheckpointSync extends App { val in = new Scanner(System.in)   /* * Informs that workers started working on the task and * starts running threads. Prior to proceeding with next * task syncs using static Worker.checkpoint() method. */ private def runTasks(nTa...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Collections
Collections
This task has been clarified. Its programming examples are in need of review to ensure that they still fit the requirements of the task. Collections are abstractions to represent sets of values. In statically-typed languages, the values are typically of a common data type. Task Create a collection, and add a fe...
#Lingo
Lingo
-- list stuff l = [1, 2] l.add(3) l.add(4) put l -- [1, 2, 3, 4]   -- property list stuff pl = [#foo: 1, #bar: 2] pl[#foobar] = 3 pl["barfoo"] = 4 put pl -- [#foo: 1, #bar: 2, #foobar: 3, "barfoo": 4]
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Combinations
Combinations
Task Given non-negative integers   m   and   n,   generate all size   m   combinations   of the integers from   0   (zero)   to   n-1   in sorted order   (each combination is sorted and the entire table is sorted). Example 3   comb   5     is: 0 1 2 0 1 3 0 1 4 0 2 3 0 2 4 0 3 4 1 2 3 1 2 4 1 3 4 2 3 4 ...
#Perl
Perl
use ntheory qw/forcomb/; forcomb { print "@_\n" } 5,3
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Conditional_structures
Conditional structures
Control Structures These are examples of control structures. You may also be interested in: Conditional structures Exceptions Flow-control structures Loops Task List the conditional structures offered by a programming language. See Wikipedia: conditionals for descriptions. Common conditional structures include ...
#Scala
Scala
if (n == 12) "twelve" else "not twelve"   today match { case Monday => Compute_Starting_Balance; case Friday => Compute_Ending_Balance; case Tuesday => Accumulate_Sales case _ => {} }
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Chinese_remainder_theorem
Chinese remainder theorem
Suppose   n 1 {\displaystyle n_{1}} ,   n 2 {\displaystyle n_{2}} ,   … {\displaystyle \ldots } ,   n k {\displaystyle n_{k}}   are positive integers that are pairwise co-prime.   Then, for any given sequence of integers   a 1 {\displaystyle a_{1}} ,   a 2 ...
#Haskell
Haskell
import Control.Monad (zipWithM)   egcd :: Int -> Int -> (Int, Int) egcd _ 0 = (1, 0) egcd a b = (t, s - q * t) where (s, t) = egcd b r (q, r) = a `quotRem` b   modInv :: Int -> Int -> Either String Int modInv a b = case egcd a b of (x, y) | a * x + b * y == 1 -> Right x | otherwise -> ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Chowla_numbers
Chowla numbers
Chowla numbers are also known as:   Chowla's function   chowla numbers   the chowla function   the chowla number   the chowla sequence The chowla number of   n   is   (as defined by Chowla's function):   the sum of the divisors of   n     excluding unity and   n   where   n   is a positive integer The s...
#PowerBASIC
PowerBASIC
#COMPILE EXE #DIM ALL #COMPILER PBCC 6   FUNCTION chowla(BYVAL n AS LONG) AS LONG REGISTER i AS LONG, j AS LONG LOCAL r AS LONG i = 2 DO WHILE i * i <= n j = n \ i IF n MOD i = 0 THEN r += i IF i <> j THEN r += j END IF END IF I...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Chowla_numbers
Chowla numbers
Chowla numbers are also known as:   Chowla's function   chowla numbers   the chowla function   the chowla number   the chowla sequence The chowla number of   n   is   (as defined by Chowla's function):   the sum of the divisors of   n     excluding unity and   n   where   n   is a positive integer The s...
#Prolog
Prolog
  chowla(1, 0). chowla(2, 0). chowla(N, C) :- N > 2, Max is floor(sqrt(N)), findall(X, (between(2, Max, X), N mod X =:= 0), Xs), findall(Y, (member(X1, Xs), Y is N div X1, Y \= Max), Ys), !, sum_list(Xs, S1), sum_list(Ys, S2), C is S1 + S2.   prime_count(Upper, Upper, Count, Count) :- ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Church_numerals
Church numerals
Task In the Church encoding of natural numbers, the number N is encoded by a function that applies its first argument N times to its second argument. Church zero always returns the identity function, regardless of its first argument. In other words, the first argument is not applied to the second argument at all. C...
#zkl
zkl
class Church{ // kinda heavy, just an int + fcn churchAdd(ca,cb) would also work fcn init(N){ var n=N; } // Church Zero is Church(0) fcn toInt(f,x){ do(n){ x=f(x) } x } // c(3)(f,x) --> f(f(f(x))) fcn succ{ self(n+1) } fcn __opAdd(c){ self(n+c.n) } fcn __opMul(c){ self(n*c.n) } fcn pow(c) ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Classes
Classes
In object-oriented programming class is a set (a transitive closure) of types bound by the relation of inheritance. It is said that all types derived from some base type T and the type T itself form a class T. The first type T from the class T sometimes is called the root type of the class. A class of types itself, a...
#Lingo
Lingo
---------------------------------------- -- @desc Class "MyClass" -- @file parent script "MyClass" ----------------------------------------   -- instance variable property _myvar   -- constructor on new (me) me._myvar = 23 return me end   -- a method on doubleAndPrint (me) me._myvar = me._myvar * 2 pu...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Classes
Classes
In object-oriented programming class is a set (a transitive closure) of types bound by the relation of inheritance. It is said that all types derived from some base type T and the type T itself form a class T. The first type T from the class T sometimes is called the root type of the class. A class of types itself, a...
#Lisaac
Lisaac
Section Header   + name := SAMPLE;   Section Inherit   - parent : OBJECT := OBJECT;   Section Private   + variable : INTEGER <- 0;   Section Public   - some_method <- ( variable := 1; );   - main <- ( + sample : SAMPLE;   sample := SAMPLE.clone; sample.some_method; );
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Closest-pair_problem
Closest-pair problem
This page uses content from Wikipedia. The original article was at Closest pair of points problem. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Rosetta Code, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU FDL. (See links for details on variance) Task Provide a function to find the closest two p...
#OCaml
OCaml
    type point = { x : float; y : float }     let cmpPointX (a : point) (b : point) = compare a.x b.x let cmpPointY (a : point) (b : point) = compare a.y b.y     let distSqrd (seg : (point * point) option) = match seg with | None -> max_float | Some(line) -> let a = fst line in let b = snd line in   ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Closures/Value_capture
Closures/Value capture
Task Create a list of ten functions, in the simplest manner possible   (anonymous functions are encouraged),   such that the function at index   i   (you may choose to start   i   from either   0   or   1),   when run, should return the square of the index,   that is,   i 2. Display the result of runnin...
#TXR
TXR
(let ((funs (mapcar (ret (op * @@1 @@1)) (range 1 10)))) [mapcar call [funs 0..-1]])
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Closures/Value_capture
Closures/Value capture
Task Create a list of ten functions, in the simplest manner possible   (anonymous functions are encouraged),   such that the function at index   i   (you may choose to start   i   from either   0   or   1),   when run, should return the square of the index,   that is,   i 2. Display the result of runnin...
#Wren
Wren
var fs = List.filled(10, null) for (i in 0...fs.count) { fs[i] = Fn.new { i * i } }   for (i in 0...fs.count-1) System.print("Function #%(i):  %(fs[i].call())")
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Circles_of_given_radius_through_two_points
Circles of given radius through two points
Given two points on a plane and a radius, usually two circles of given radius can be drawn through the points. Exceptions r==0.0 should be treated as never describing circles (except in the case where the points are coincident). If the points are coincident then an infinite number of circles with the point on thei...
#JavaScript
JavaScript
const hDist = (p1, p2) => Math.hypot(...p1.map((e, i) => e - p2[i])) / 2; const pAng = (p1, p2) => Math.atan(p1.map((e, i) => e - p2[i]).reduce((p, c) => c / p, 1)); const solveF = (p, r) => t => [r*Math.cos(t) + p[0], r*Math.sin(t) + p[1]]; const diamPoints = (p1, p2) => p1.map((e, i) => e + (p2[i] - e) / 2);   const ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Chinese_zodiac
Chinese zodiac
Traditionally, the Chinese have counted years using two simultaneous cycles, one of length 10 (the "celestial stems") and one of length 12 (the "terrestrial branches"); the combination results in a repeating 60-year pattern. Mapping the branches to twelve traditional animal deities results in the well-known "Chinese zo...
#Java
Java
public class Zodiac {   final static String animals[]={"Rat","Ox","Tiger","Rabbit","Dragon","Snake","Horse","Goat","Monkey","Rooster","Dog","Pig"}; final static String elements[]={"Wood","Fire","Earth","Metal","Water"}; final static String animalChars[]={"子","丑","寅","卯","辰","巳","午","未","申","酉","戌","亥"}; static Stri...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Check_that_file_exists
Check that file exists
Task Verify that a file called     input.txt     and   a directory called     docs     exist. This should be done twice:     once for the current working directory,   and   once for a file and a directory in the filesystem root. Optional criteria (May 2015):   verify it works with:   zero-length files   an ...
#Crystal
Crystal
def check_file(filename : String) if File.directory?(filename) puts "#{filename} is a directory" elsif File.exists?(filename) puts "#{filename} is a file" else puts "#{filename} does not exist" end end   check_file("input.txt") check_file("docs") check_file("/input.txt") check_file("/docs")
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Check_that_file_exists
Check that file exists
Task Verify that a file called     input.txt     and   a directory called     docs     exist. This should be done twice:     once for the current working directory,   and   once for a file and a directory in the filesystem root. Optional criteria (May 2015):   verify it works with:   zero-length files   an ...
#D
D
import std.stdio, std.file, std.path;   void verify(in string name) { if (name.exists()) writeln("'", name, "' exists"); else writeln("'", name, "' doesn't exist"); }   void main() { // check in current working dir verify("input.txt"); verify("docs");   // check in root verif...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Chaos_game
Chaos game
The Chaos Game is a method of generating the attractor of an iterated function system (IFS). One of the best-known and simplest examples creates a fractal, using a polygon and an initial point selected at random. Task Play the Chaos Game using the corners of an equilateral triangle as the reference points.   Add a ...
#FreeBASIC
FreeBASIC
  ' Chaos game Const ancho = 320, alto = 240 Dim As Integer x, y, iteracion, vertice x = Int(Rnd * ancho) y = Int(Rnd * alto)   Screenres ancho, alto, 8 Cls   For iteracion = 1 To 30000 vertice = Int(Rnd * 3) + 1 Select Case vertice Case 1 x = x / 2 y = y / 2 vertice = 4 'red Case 2 ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Chat_server
Chat server
Task Write a server for a minimal text based chat. People should be able to connect via ‘telnet’, sign on with a nickname, and type messages which will then be seen by all other connected users. Arrivals and departures of chat members should generate appropriate notification messages.
#Java
Java
import java.io.*; import java.net.*; import java.util.*;   public class ChatServer implements Runnable { private int port = 0; private List<Client> clients = new ArrayList<Client>();   public ChatServer(int port) { this.port = port; }   public void run() { try { ServerSocket ss = new ServerS...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Check_Machin-like_formulas
Check Machin-like formulas
Machin-like formulas   are useful for efficiently computing numerical approximations for π {\displaystyle \pi } Task Verify the following Machin-like formulas are correct by calculating the value of tan   (right hand side) for each equation using exact arithmetic and showing they equal 1: π 4 = ar...
#Perl
Perl
use Math::BigRat try=>"GMP";   sub taneval { my($coef,$f) = @_; $f = Math::BigRat->new($f) unless ref($f); return 0 if $coef == 0; return $f if $coef == 1; return -taneval(-$coef, $f) if $coef < 0; my($a,$b) = ( taneval($coef>>1, $f), taneval($coef-($coef>>1),$f) ); ($a+$b)/(1-$a*$b); }   sub tans { my ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Character_codes
Character codes
Task Given a character value in your language, print its code   (could be ASCII code, Unicode code, or whatever your language uses). Example The character   'a'   (lowercase letter A)   has a code of 97 in ASCII   (as well as Unicode, as ASCII forms the beginning of Unicode). Conversely, given a code, print out...
#BQN
BQN
FromCharCode ← @⊸+ @⊸+ FromCharCode 97 'a' FromCharCode 97‿67‿126 "aC~" FromCharCode⁼ 'a' 97
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Character_codes
Character codes
Task Given a character value in your language, print its code   (could be ASCII code, Unicode code, or whatever your language uses). Example The character   'a'   (lowercase letter A)   has a code of 97 in ASCII   (as well as Unicode, as ASCII forms the beginning of Unicode). Conversely, given a code, print out...
#Bracmat
Bracmat
( put $ ( str $ ( "\nLatin a ISO-9959-1: " asc$a " = " chr$97 " UTF-8: " utf$a " = " chu$97 \n "Cyrillic а (UTF-8): " utf$а " = " chu$1072 \n ) ) )
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Cholesky_decomposition
Cholesky decomposition
Every symmetric, positive definite matrix A can be decomposed into a product of a unique lower triangular matrix L and its transpose: A = L L T {\displaystyle A=LL^{T}} L {\displaystyle L} is called the Cholesky factor of A {\displaystyle A} , and can be interpreted as a generalized square r...
#Kotlin
Kotlin
// version 1.0.6   fun cholesky(a: DoubleArray): DoubleArray { val n = Math.sqrt(a.size.toDouble()).toInt() val l = DoubleArray(a.size) var s: Double for (i in 0 until n) for (j in 0 .. i) { s = 0.0 for (k in 0 until j) s += l[i * n + k] * l[j * n + k] l[i *...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Cheryl%27s_birthday
Cheryl's birthday
Albert and Bernard just became friends with Cheryl, and they want to know when her birthday is. Cheryl gave them a list of ten possible dates: May 15, May 16, May 19 June 17, June 18 July 14, July 16 August 14, August 15, August 17 Cheryl then tells Albert the   month   of birth, ...
#Lua
Lua
-- Cheryl's Birthday in Lua 6/15/2020 db   local function Date(mon,day) return { mon=mon, day=day, valid=true } end   local choices = { Date("May", 15), Date("May", 16), Date("May", 19), Date("June", 17), Date("June", 18), Date("July", 14), Date("July", 16), Date("August", 14), Date("August", 15), Date("Augus...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Checkpoint_synchronization
Checkpoint synchronization
The checkpoint synchronization is a problem of synchronizing multiple tasks. Consider a workshop where several workers (tasks) assembly details of some mechanism. When each of them completes his work they put the details together. There is no store, so a worker who finished its part first must wait for others before st...
#Tcl
Tcl
package require Tcl 8.5 package require Thread   namespace eval checkpoint { namespace export {[a-z]*} namespace ensemble create variable members {} variable waiting {} variable event # Back-end of join operation proc Join {id} { variable members variable counter if {$id ni $members} { ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Collections
Collections
This task has been clarified. Its programming examples are in need of review to ensure that they still fit the requirements of the task. Collections are abstractions to represent sets of values. In statically-typed languages, the values are typically of a common data type. Task Create a collection, and add a fe...
#Lisaac
Lisaac
+ vector : ARRAY[INTEGER]; vector := ARRAY[INTEGER].create_with_capacity 32 lower 0; vector.add_last 1; vector.add_last 2;
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Combinations
Combinations
Task Given non-negative integers   m   and   n,   generate all size   m   combinations   of the integers from   0   (zero)   to   n-1   in sorted order   (each combination is sorted and the entire table is sorted). Example 3   comb   5     is: 0 1 2 0 1 3 0 1 4 0 2 3 0 2 4 0 3 4 1 2 3 1 2 4 1 3 4 2 3 4 ...
#Perl5i
Perl5i
  use perl5i::2;   # ---------------------------------------- # generate combinations of length $n consisting of characters # from the sorted set @set, using each character once in a # combination, with sorted strings in sorted order. # # Returns a list of array references, each containing one combination. # func combi...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Conditional_structures
Conditional structures
Control Structures These are examples of control structures. You may also be interested in: Conditional structures Exceptions Flow-control structures Loops Task List the conditional structures offered by a programming language. See Wikipedia: conditionals for descriptions. Common conditional structures include ...
#Scheme
Scheme
(if <test> <consequent> <alternate>)
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Chinese_remainder_theorem
Chinese remainder theorem
Suppose   n 1 {\displaystyle n_{1}} ,   n 2 {\displaystyle n_{2}} ,   … {\displaystyle \ldots } ,   n k {\displaystyle n_{k}}   are positive integers that are pairwise co-prime.   Then, for any given sequence of integers   a 1 {\displaystyle a_{1}} ,   a 2 ...
#Icon_and_Unicon
Icon and Unicon
link numbers # for gcd()   procedure main() write(cr([3,5,7],[2,3,2]) | "No solution!") write(cr([10,4,9],[11,22,19]) | "No solution!") end   procedure cr(n,a) if 1 ~= gcd(n[i := !*n],a[i]) then fail # Not pairwise coprime (prod := 1, sm := 0) every prod *:= !n every p := prod/(ni := n[i := !...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Chowla_numbers
Chowla numbers
Chowla numbers are also known as:   Chowla's function   chowla numbers   the chowla function   the chowla number   the chowla sequence The chowla number of   n   is   (as defined by Chowla's function):   the sum of the divisors of   n     excluding unity and   n   where   n   is a positive integer The s...
#Python
Python
# https://docs.sympy.org/latest/modules/ntheory.html#sympy.ntheory.factor_.divisors from sympy import divisors   def chowla(n): return 0 if n < 2 else sum(divisors(n, generator=True)) - 1 -n   def is_prime(n): return chowla(n) == 0   def primes_to(n): return sum(chowla(i) == 0 for i in range(2, n))   def pe...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Classes
Classes
In object-oriented programming class is a set (a transitive closure) of types bound by the relation of inheritance. It is said that all types derived from some base type T and the type T itself form a class T. The first type T from the class T sometimes is called the root type of the class. A class of types itself, a...
#Logtalk
Logtalk
:- object(metaclass, instantiates(metaclass)).   :- public(new/2). new(Instance, Value) :- self(Class), create_object(Instance, [instantiates(Class)], [], [state(Value)]).   :- end_object.   :- object(class, instantiates(metaclass)).   :- public(method/1). method(Value) :- ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Classes
Classes
In object-oriented programming class is a set (a transitive closure) of types bound by the relation of inheritance. It is said that all types derived from some base type T and the type T itself form a class T. The first type T from the class T sometimes is called the root type of the class. A class of types itself, a...
#Lua
Lua
myclass = setmetatable({ __index = function(z,i) return myclass[i] end, --this makes class variables a possibility setvar = function(z, n) z.var = n end }, { __call = function(z,n) return setmetatable({var = n}, myclass) end })   instance = myclass(3)   print(instance.var) -->3   instance:setvar(6)   print(instance.var...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Closest-pair_problem
Closest-pair problem
This page uses content from Wikipedia. The original article was at Closest pair of points problem. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Rosetta Code, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU FDL. (See links for details on variance) Task Provide a function to find the closest two p...
#Oz
Oz
declare fun {Distance X1#Y1 X2#Y2} {Sqrt {Pow X2-X1 2.0} + {Pow Y2-Y1 2.0}} end   %% brute force fun {BFClosestPair Points=P1|P2|_} Ps = {List.toTuple unit Points} %% for efficient random access N = {Width Ps} MinDist = {NewCell {Distance P1 P2}} MinPoints = {NewCell P1#P2} in fo...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Closures/Value_capture
Closures/Value capture
Task Create a list of ten functions, in the simplest manner possible   (anonymous functions are encouraged),   such that the function at index   i   (you may choose to start   i   from either   0   or   1),   when run, should return the square of the index,   that is,   i 2. Display the result of runnin...
#Yabasic
Yabasic
  dim funcs$(10)   sub power2(i) return i * i end sub   for i = 1 to 10 funcs$(i) = "power2" next   for i = 1 to 10 print execute(funcs$(i), i) next  
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Closures/Value_capture
Closures/Value capture
Task Create a list of ten functions, in the simplest manner possible   (anonymous functions are encouraged),   such that the function at index   i   (you may choose to start   i   from either   0   or   1),   when run, should return the square of the index,   that is,   i 2. Display the result of runnin...
#zkl
zkl
(0).pump(10,List,fcn(i){i*i}.fp)[8]() //-->64 list:=(0).pump(10,List,fcn(i){i*i}.fp); foreach n in (list.len()-1) { list[n]().println() } list.run(True).println()
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Circles_of_given_radius_through_two_points
Circles of given radius through two points
Given two points on a plane and a radius, usually two circles of given radius can be drawn through the points. Exceptions r==0.0 should be treated as never describing circles (except in the case where the points are coincident). If the points are coincident then an infinite number of circles with the point on thei...
#jq
jq
# circle_centers is defined here as a filter. # Input should be an array [x1, y1, x2, y2, r] giving the co-ordinates # of the two points and a radius. # If there is one solution, the output is the circle center; # if there are two solutions centered at [x1, y1] and [x2, y2], # then the output is [x1, y1, x2, y2]; # oth...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Chinese_zodiac
Chinese zodiac
Traditionally, the Chinese have counted years using two simultaneous cycles, one of length 10 (the "celestial stems") and one of length 12 (the "terrestrial branches"); the combination results in a repeating 60-year pattern. Mapping the branches to twelve traditional animal deities results in the well-known "Chinese zo...
#JavaScript
JavaScript
(() => { "use strict";   // ---------- TRADITIONAL CALENDAR STRINGS -----------   // ats :: Array Int (String, String) const ats = () => // 天干 tiangan – 10 heavenly stems zip( chars("甲乙丙丁戊己庚辛壬癸") )( words("jiă yĭ bĭng dīng wù jĭ gēng xīn rén gŭi") ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Check_that_file_exists
Check that file exists
Task Verify that a file called     input.txt     and   a directory called     docs     exist. This should be done twice:     once for the current working directory,   and   once for a file and a directory in the filesystem root. Optional criteria (May 2015):   verify it works with:   zero-length files   an ...
#DBL
DBL
; ; Check file and directory exists for DBL version 4 by Dario B. ; PROC ;------------------------------------------------------------------ XCALL FLAGS (0007000000,1)  ;Suppress STOP message   CLOSE 1 OPEN (1,O,'TT:')    ;The file path can be written as: ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Check_that_file_exists
Check that file exists
Task Verify that a file called     input.txt     and   a directory called     docs     exist. This should be done twice:     once for the current working directory,   and   once for a file and a directory in the filesystem root. Optional criteria (May 2015):   verify it works with:   zero-length files   an ...
#DCL
DCL
$ if f$search( "input.txt" ) .eqs. "" $ then $ write sys$output "input.txt not found" $ else $ write sys$output "input.txt found" $ endif $ if f$search( "docs.dir" ) .eqs. "" $ then $ write sys$output "directory docs not found" $ else $ write sys$output "directory docs found" $ endif $ if f$search( "[000000]input.t...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Chaos_game
Chaos game
The Chaos Game is a method of generating the attractor of an iterated function system (IFS). One of the best-known and simplest examples creates a fractal, using a polygon and an initial point selected at random. Task Play the Chaos Game using the corners of an equilateral triangle as the reference points.   Add a ...
#F.C5.8Drmul.C3.A6
Fōrmulæ
offset = 32; //Distance from triangle vertices to edges of window   //triangle vertex coordinates x1 = room_width / 2; y1 = offset; x2 = room_width - offset; y2 = room_height - offset; x3 = offset; y3 = room_height - offset;   //Coords of randomly chosen vertex (set to 0 to start, will automatically be set in step even...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Chat_server
Chat server
Task Write a server for a minimal text based chat. People should be able to connect via ‘telnet’, sign on with a nickname, and type messages which will then be seen by all other connected users. Arrivals and departures of chat members should generate appropriate notification messages.
#JavaScript
JavaScript
const net = require("net"); const EventEmitter = require("events").EventEmitter;   /******************************************************************************* * ChatServer * * Manages connections, users, and chat messages. ******************************************************************************/   class ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Check_Machin-like_formulas
Check Machin-like formulas
Machin-like formulas   are useful for efficiently computing numerical approximations for π {\displaystyle \pi } Task Verify the following Machin-like formulas are correct by calculating the value of tan   (right hand side) for each equation using exact arithmetic and showing they equal 1: π 4 = ar...
#Phix
Phix
with javascript_semantics procedure test(atom a) if -3*PI/4 >= a then ?9/0 end if if 5*PI/4 <= a then ?9/0 end if string s = sprint(tan(a)) ?s -- or test for "1.0"/"1", but not 1.0 end procedure test( arctan(1 / 2) + arctan(1 / 3)) test( 2*arctan(1 / 3) + arctan(1 / 7)) test( 4*arctan(...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Character_codes
Character codes
Task Given a character value in your language, print its code   (could be ASCII code, Unicode code, or whatever your language uses). Example The character   'a'   (lowercase letter A)   has a code of 97 in ASCII   (as well as Unicode, as ASCII forms the beginning of Unicode). Conversely, given a code, print out...
#C
C
#include <stdio.h>   int main() { printf("%d\n", 'a'); /* prints "97" */ printf("%c\n", 97); /* prints "a"; we don't have to cast because printf is type agnostic */ return 0; }
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Character_codes
Character codes
Task Given a character value in your language, print its code   (could be ASCII code, Unicode code, or whatever your language uses). Example The character   'a'   (lowercase letter A)   has a code of 97 in ASCII   (as well as Unicode, as ASCII forms the beginning of Unicode). Conversely, given a code, print out...
#C.23
C#
using System;   namespace RosettaCode.CharacterCode { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { Console.WriteLine((int) 'a'); //Prints "97" Console.WriteLine((char) 97); //Prints "a" } } }
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Cholesky_decomposition
Cholesky decomposition
Every symmetric, positive definite matrix A can be decomposed into a product of a unique lower triangular matrix L and its transpose: A = L L T {\displaystyle A=LL^{T}} L {\displaystyle L} is called the Cholesky factor of A {\displaystyle A} , and can be interpreted as a generalized square r...
#Lobster
Lobster
import std   // choleskyLower returns the cholesky decomposition of a symmetric real // matrix. The matrix must be positive definite but this is not checked def choleskyLower(order, a) -> [float]: let l = map(a.length): 0.0 var row, col = 1, 1 var dr = 0 // index of diagonal element at end of row var d...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Cholesky_decomposition
Cholesky decomposition
Every symmetric, positive definite matrix A can be decomposed into a product of a unique lower triangular matrix L and its transpose: A = L L T {\displaystyle A=LL^{T}} L {\displaystyle L} is called the Cholesky factor of A {\displaystyle A} , and can be interpreted as a generalized square r...
#Maple
Maple
> A := << 25, 15, -5; 15, 18, 0; -5, 0, 11 >>; [25 15 -5] [ ] A := [15 18 0] [ ] [-5 0 11]   > B := << 18, 22, 54, 42; 22, 70, 86...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Cheryl%27s_birthday
Cheryl's birthday
Albert and Bernard just became friends with Cheryl, and they want to know when her birthday is. Cheryl gave them a list of ten possible dates: May 15, May 16, May 19 June 17, June 18 July 14, July 16 August 14, August 15, August 17 Cheryl then tells Albert the   month   of birth, ...
#Mathematica_.2F_Wolfram_Language
Mathematica / Wolfram Language
opts = Tuples[{{"May"}, {15, 16, 19}}]~Join~Tuples[{{"June"}, {17, 18}}]~Join~Tuples[{{"July"}, {14, 16}}]~Join~Tuples[{{"August"}, {14, 15, 17}}]; monthsdelete = Select[GatherBy[opts, Last], Length /* EqualTo[1]][[All, 1, 1]]; opts = DeleteCases[opts, {Alternatives @@ monthsdelete, _}] removedates = Catenate@Select[Ga...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Cheryl%27s_birthday
Cheryl's birthday
Albert and Bernard just became friends with Cheryl, and they want to know when her birthday is. Cheryl gave them a list of ten possible dates: May 15, May 16, May 19 June 17, June 18 July 14, July 16 August 14, August 15, August 17 Cheryl then tells Albert the   month   of birth, ...
#Nim
Nim
import tables import sets import strformat   type Date = tuple[month: string, day: int]   const Dates = [Date ("May", 15), ("May", 16), ("May", 19), ("June", 17), ("June", 18), ("July", 14), ("July", 16), ("August", 14), ("August", 15), ("August", 17)]   const   MonthTable: Table[int, HashSet[string]] ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Checkpoint_synchronization
Checkpoint synchronization
The checkpoint synchronization is a problem of synchronizing multiple tasks. Consider a workshop where several workers (tasks) assembly details of some mechanism. When each of them completes his work they put the details together. There is no store, so a worker who finished its part first must wait for others before st...
#Wren
Wren
import "random" for Random import "scheduler" for Scheduler import "timer" for Timer import "/ioutil" for Input   var rgen = Random.new() var nWorkers = 0 var nTasks = 0 var nFinished = 0   var worker = Fn.new { |id| var workTime = rgen.int(100, 1000) // 100..999 msec. System.print("Worker %(id) will work for %...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Collections
Collections
This task has been clarified. Its programming examples are in need of review to ensure that they still fit the requirements of the task. Collections are abstractions to represent sets of values. In statically-typed languages, the values are typically of a common data type. Task Create a collection, and add a fe...
#Logo
Logo
collection = {0, '1'} print(collection[1]) -- prints 0   collection = {["foo"] = 0, ["bar"] = '1'} -- a collection of key/value pairs print(collection["foo"]) -- prints 0 print(collection.foo) -- syntactic sugar, also prints 0   collection = {0, '1', ["foo"] = 0, ["bar"] = '1'}
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Combinations
Combinations
Task Given non-negative integers   m   and   n,   generate all size   m   combinations   of the integers from   0   (zero)   to   n-1   in sorted order   (each combination is sorted and the entire table is sorted). Example 3   comb   5     is: 0 1 2 0 1 3 0 1 4 0 2 3 0 2 4 0 3 4 1 2 3 1 2 4 1 3 4 2 3 4 ...
#Phix
Phix
with javascript_semantics procedure comb(integer pool, needed, done=0, sequence chosen={}) if needed=0 then -- got a full set ?chosen -- (or use a routine_id, result arg, or whatever) return end if if done+needed>pool then return end if -- cannot fulfil -- get all combinations...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Conditional_structures
Conditional structures
Control Structures These are examples of control structures. You may also be interested in: Conditional structures Exceptions Flow-control structures Loops Task List the conditional structures offered by a programming language. See Wikipedia: conditionals for descriptions. Common conditional structures include ...
#Scilab
Scilab
if condition1 then instructions1 [elseif condition2 then instructions2] .... [else instructionse] end
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Chinese_remainder_theorem
Chinese remainder theorem
Suppose   n 1 {\displaystyle n_{1}} ,   n 2 {\displaystyle n_{2}} ,   … {\displaystyle \ldots } ,   n k {\displaystyle n_{k}}   are positive integers that are pairwise co-prime.   Then, for any given sequence of integers   a 1 {\displaystyle a_{1}} ,   a 2 ...
#J
J
crt =: (1 + ] - {:@:[ -: {.@:[ | ])^:_&0@:,:
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Chinese_remainder_theorem
Chinese remainder theorem
Suppose   n 1 {\displaystyle n_{1}} ,   n 2 {\displaystyle n_{2}} ,   … {\displaystyle \ldots } ,   n k {\displaystyle n_{k}}   are positive integers that are pairwise co-prime.   Then, for any given sequence of integers   a 1 {\displaystyle a_{1}} ,   a 2 ...
#Java
Java
import static java.util.Arrays.stream;   public class ChineseRemainderTheorem {   public static int chineseRemainder(int[] n, int[] a) {   int prod = stream(n).reduce(1, (i, j) -> i * j);   int p, sm = 0; for (int i = 0; i < n.length; i++) { p = prod / n[i]; sm += a[i...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Chowla_numbers
Chowla numbers
Chowla numbers are also known as:   Chowla's function   chowla numbers   the chowla function   the chowla number   the chowla sequence The chowla number of   n   is   (as defined by Chowla's function):   the sum of the divisors of   n     excluding unity and   n   where   n   is a positive integer The s...
#Racket
Racket
#lang racket   (require racket/fixnum)   (define cache-size 35000000)   (define chowla-cache (make-fxvector cache-size -1))   (define (chowla/uncached n) (for/sum ((i (sequence-filter (λ (x) (zero? (modulo n x))) (in-range 2 (add1 (quotient n 2)))))) i))   (define (chowla n) (if (> n cache-size) (chowla/uncache...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Chowla_numbers
Chowla numbers
Chowla numbers are also known as:   Chowla's function   chowla numbers   the chowla function   the chowla number   the chowla sequence The chowla number of   n   is   (as defined by Chowla's function):   the sum of the divisors of   n     excluding unity and   n   where   n   is a positive integer The s...
#Raku
Raku
sub comma { $^i.flip.comb(3).join(',').flip }   sub schnitzel (\Radda, \radDA = 0) { Radda.is-prime ?? !Radda !! ?radDA ?? Radda !! sum flat (2 .. Radda.sqrt.floor).map: -> \RAdda { my \RADDA = Radda div RAdda; next if RADDA * RAdda !== Radda; RAdda !== RADDA ?? (RAdda, RADDA) !! RADDA ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Classes
Classes
In object-oriented programming class is a set (a transitive closure) of types bound by the relation of inheritance. It is said that all types derived from some base type T and the type T itself form a class T. The first type T from the class T sometimes is called the root type of the class. A class of types itself, a...
#M2000_Interpreter
M2000 Interpreter
  Class zz { module bb { Superclass A { unique: counter } Superclass B1 { unique: counter } Superclass B2 { unique: counter } ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Classes
Classes
In object-oriented programming class is a set (a transitive closure) of types bound by the relation of inheritance. It is said that all types derived from some base type T and the type T itself form a class T. The first type T from the class T sometimes is called the root type of the class. A class of types itself, a...
#MATLAB
MATLAB
function GenericClassInstance = GenericClass(varargin)   if isempty(varargin) %No input arguments GenericClassInstance.classVariable = 0; %Generates a struct else GenericClassInstance.classVariable = varargin{1}; %Generates a struct end   %Converts th...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Closest-pair_problem
Closest-pair problem
This page uses content from Wikipedia. The original article was at Closest pair of points problem. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Rosetta Code, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU FDL. (See links for details on variance) Task Provide a function to find the closest two p...
#PARI.2FGP
PARI/GP
closestPair(v)={ my(r=norml2(v[1]-v[2]),at=[1,2]); for(a=1,#v-1, for(b=a+1,#v, if(norml2(v[a]-v[b])<r, at=[a,b]; r=norml2(v[a]-v[b]) ) ) ); [v[at[1]],v[at[2]]] };
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Circles_of_given_radius_through_two_points
Circles of given radius through two points
Given two points on a plane and a radius, usually two circles of given radius can be drawn through the points. Exceptions r==0.0 should be treated as never describing circles (except in the case where the points are coincident). If the points are coincident then an infinite number of circles with the point on thei...
#Julia
Julia
  immutable Point{T<:FloatingPoint} x::T y::T end   immutable Circle{T<:FloatingPoint} c::Point{T} r::T end Circle{T<:FloatingPoint}(a::Point{T}) = Circle(a, zero(T))   using AffineTransforms   function circlepoints{T<:FloatingPoint}(a::Point{T}, b::Point{T}, r::T) cp = Circle{T}[] r >= 0 || ret...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Chinese_zodiac
Chinese zodiac
Traditionally, the Chinese have counted years using two simultaneous cycles, one of length 10 (the "celestial stems") and one of length 12 (the "terrestrial branches"); the combination results in a repeating 60-year pattern. Mapping the branches to twelve traditional animal deities results in the well-known "Chinese zo...
#Julia
Julia
function chinese(year::Int) pinyin = Dict( "甲" => "jiă", "乙" => "yĭ", "丙" => "bĭng", "丁" => "dīng", "戊" => "wù", "己" => "jĭ", "庚" => "gēng", "辛" => "xīn", "壬" => "rén", "癸" => "gŭi", "子" => "zĭ", "丑" => "chŏu", "...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Check_that_file_exists
Check that file exists
Task Verify that a file called     input.txt     and   a directory called     docs     exist. This should be done twice:     once for the current working directory,   and   once for a file and a directory in the filesystem root. Optional criteria (May 2015):   verify it works with:   zero-length files   an ...
#Delphi
Delphi
program EnsureFileExists;   {$APPTYPE CONSOLE}   uses SysUtils;   begin if FileExists('input.txt') then Writeln('File "input.txt" exists.') else Writeln('File "input.txt" does not exist.');   if FileExists('\input.txt') then Writeln('File "\input.txt" exists.') else Writeln('File "\input.txt" ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Chaos_game
Chaos game
The Chaos Game is a method of generating the attractor of an iterated function system (IFS). One of the best-known and simplest examples creates a fractal, using a polygon and an initial point selected at random. Task Play the Chaos Game using the corners of an equilateral triangle as the reference points.   Add a ...
#GML
GML
offset = 32; //Distance from triangle vertices to edges of window   //triangle vertex coordinates x1 = room_width / 2; y1 = offset; x2 = room_width - offset; y2 = room_height - offset; x3 = offset; y3 = room_height - offset;   //Coords of randomly chosen vertex (set to 0 to start, will automatically be set in step even...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Chat_server
Chat server
Task Write a server for a minimal text based chat. People should be able to connect via ‘telnet’, sign on with a nickname, and type messages which will then be seen by all other connected users. Arrivals and departures of chat members should generate appropriate notification messages.
#Julia
Julia
  using HttpServer using WebSockets   const connections = Dict{Int,WebSocket}() const usernames = Dict{Int,String}()   function decodeMessage( msg ) String(copy(msg)) end     wsh = WebSocketHandler() do req, client global connections @show connections[client.id] = client println("req is $req") not...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Check_Machin-like_formulas
Check Machin-like formulas
Machin-like formulas   are useful for efficiently computing numerical approximations for π {\displaystyle \pi } Task Verify the following Machin-like formulas are correct by calculating the value of tan   (right hand side) for each equation using exact arithmetic and showing they equal 1: π 4 = ar...
#Python
Python
import re from fractions import Fraction from pprint import pprint as pp     equationtext = '''\ pi/4 = arctan(1/2) + arctan(1/3) pi/4 = 2*arctan(1/3) + arctan(1/7) pi/4 = 4*arctan(1/5) - arctan(1/239) pi/4 = 5*arctan(1/7) + 2*arctan(3/79) pi/4 = 5*arctan(29/278) + 7*arctan(3/79) pi/4 = arctan(1/2) + arcta...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Character_codes
Character codes
Task Given a character value in your language, print its code   (could be ASCII code, Unicode code, or whatever your language uses). Example The character   'a'   (lowercase letter A)   has a code of 97 in ASCII   (as well as Unicode, as ASCII forms the beginning of Unicode). Conversely, given a code, print out...
#C.2B.2B
C++
#include <iostream>   int main() { std::cout << (int)'a' << std::endl; // prints "97" std::cout << (char)97 << std::endl; // prints "a" return 0; }