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---
title: "Global Leadership Project (v1)"
sdk: "datasets"
taskCategories:
- "research"
tags:
- "descriptive representation"
- "political leadership"
- "political science"
- "social science"
- "demographics"
license: "mit"
datasets:
- "GlobalLeadershipProject_v1.csv"
---
[](https://github.com/cjerzak/DescriptiveRepresentationCalculator-software)
**A distilled dataset of more than 50,000 political elites coded on gender, ethnicity, language, religion, office type, and more.**
The release accompanies the open‑access paper:
> John Gerring, Connor T. Jerzak & Erzen Öncel (2024).
> “The Composition of Descriptive Representation.” *American Political Science Review* 118(2): 784‑801.
> https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055423000680
For more information, see [**GlobalLeadershipProject.net**](https://globalleadershipproject.net/).
## Dataset quick facts
| | |
|---|---|
| **Rows** | >50 000 leaders |
| **Countries** | 156 |
| **Waves** | 2 (2010‑13, 2017‑19) |
| **Political bodies** | 1 552 (executive, cabinet, parliamentary party group, upper/lower chambers, supreme court) |
| **Identities coded** | Gender · Ethnicity · Language · Religion |
| **File size** | ~92.8 MB CSV |
## Files included
| File | Description |
|------|-------------|
| `GlobalLeadershipProject_v1.csv` | Tabular data (leaders × variables) |
| `LICENSE` | MIT |
## Reference
John Gerring, Connor T. Jerzak, Erzen Öncel. The Composition of Descriptive Representation. _American Political Science Review_, 118(2): 784-801, 2024.
```
@article{gerring2024composition,
title={The Composition of Descriptive Representation},
author={Gerring, John and Connor T. Jerzak and Erzen \"{O}ncel},
journal={American Political Science Review},
year={2024},
volume={118},
number={2},
pages={784-801}
}
```
## Covariates covered
| #|Column Name | Description |
|---:|:------------------------------|-------------|
| 1|glp_country | Name of the country in the Global Leadership Project |
| 2|glp_country_nid | Numerical ID for the country in GLP |
| 3|glp_person | Name of the person in GLP |
| 4|glp_person_nid | Numerical ID for the person in GLP |
| 5|person_ethnic | Person's ethnicity (most important cleavage, potentially defined by race, religion, language, etc.) |
| 6|person_ethnic_nid | Numerical ID for person's ethnicity |
| 7|office1 | Primary office held by the person |
| 8|office2 | Secondary office held by the person |
| 9|office3 | Tertiary office held by the person |
| 10|person_firstname | Person's first name |
| 11|person_lastname | Person's last name |
| 12|round1 | Indicator for data from first wave (2010-13) |
| 13|round2 | Indicator for data from second wave (2017-19) |
| 14|person_round | Data collection round associated with the person |
| 15|country | Country name |
| 16|country_id | Country identifier |
| 17|lexical_index | Lexical index of democracy |
| 18|pop_wdi_actual | Actual population from World Bank Development Indicators |
| 19|V_Dem_Country | Country name from V-Dem dataset |
| 20|country_text_id | Textual identifier for country |
| 21|person_party_aff_power | Person's party affiliation in power |
| 22|pol_party_nid | Numerical ID for political party |
| 23|pol_party | Political party name |
| 24|person_combethnicity | Person's combined ethnicity |
| 25|person_combethnicity_no | Numerical code for combined ethnicity |
| 26|person_ethnocultural_title | Title of person's ethnocultural group |
| 27|person_ethnocultural_nid | Numerical ID for ethnocultural group |
| 28|person_ethnic1_title | Title of first ethnic group |
| 29|person_ethnic1_nid | Numerical ID for first ethnic group |
| 30|person_combethnic_title | Title of combined ethnic group |
| 31|person_house | Legislative house (e.g., upper or lower chamber) |
| 32|person_bday | Person's birthdate |
| 33|person_gender | Person's gender (coded as male or female) |
| 34|person_gender_no | Numerical code for gender |
| 35|person_born_abroad | Indicator if person was born abroad |
| 36|person_birthplace | Person's birthplace |
| 37|person_birthcountry | Person's birth country |
| 38|person_marital_stat | Person's marital status |
| 39|person_numchild | Number of children the person has |
| 40|person_occupation_all | All occupations of the person |
| 41|person_occupation_1 | Primary occupation |
| 42|person_occupation_2 | Secondary occupation |
| 43|person_occupation_3 | Tertiary occupation |
| 44|person_family_clan_name | Family or clan name |
| 45|person_family_clan_nam_rel | Relation to family or clan name |
| 46|person_ethnocultural_crite | Criteria for ethnocultural classification |
| 47|person_ethnocultural_crite_all | All ethnocultural criteria |
| 48|person_ethnocultural_crite_1 | First ethnocultural criterion |
| 49|person_ethnocultural_crite_2 | Second ethnocultural criterion |
| 50|person_ethnocultural_crite_3 | Third ethnocultural criterion |
| 51|person_ethnocultural_signf_nid | Numerical ID for ethnocultural significance |
| 52|prsn_ethncltral_signf_title | Title for ethnocultural significance |
| 53|person_ethnocultural_rel | Relation to ethnocultural group |
| 54|person_ethnocultural_rel_no | Numerical code for ethnocultural relation |
| 55|prsn_ethncltralgp_living_style | Living style of ethnocultural group |
| 56|person_ethnocultural_source | Source of ethnocultural information |
| 57|person_ethnocultural_all | All ethnocultural groups |
| 58|person_ethnocultural_all_nid | Numerical IDs for all ethnocultural groups |
| 59|person_ethnocultural_1_nid | Numerical ID for first ethnocultural group |
| 60|person_ethnocultural_1_title | Title for first ethnocultural group |
| 61|person_ethnocultural_2_nid | Numerical ID for second ethnocultural group |
| 62|person_ethnocultural_2_title | Title for second ethnocultural group |
| 63|person_ethnocultural_3_nid | Numerical ID for third ethnocultural group |
| 64|person_ethnocultural_3_title | Title for third ethnocultural group |
| 65|person_ethnic_criteria | Criteria for ethnic classification |
| 66|person_ethnic_criteria_all | All ethnic criteria |
| 67|person_ethnic_criteria_1 | First ethnic criterion |
| 68|person_ethnic_criteria_2 | Second ethnic criterion |
| 69|person_ethnic_criteria_3 | Third ethnic criterion |
| 70|person_ethnic_signf_nid | Numerical ID for ethnic significance |
| 71|person_ethnic_signf_title | Title for ethnic significance |
| 72|person_ethnic_rel | Relation to ethnic group |
| 73|person_ethnic_rel_no | Numerical code for ethnic relation |
| 74|person_ethnicgrp_ecorank | Economic rank of ethnic group |
| 75|person_ethnicgrp_size | Size of ethnic group |
| 76|person_ethnicgp_living_style | Living style of ethnic group |
| 77|person_ethnicgrp_source | Source of ethnic group information |
| 78|person_ethnicgrp_population | Population of ethnic group |
| 79|person_ethnicgrp_defcriteria | Definition criteria for ethnic group |
| 80|person_ethnic_all | All ethnic groups |
| 81|person_ethnic_all_nid | Numerical IDs for all ethnic groups |
| 82|person_ethnic_1_nid | Numerical ID for first ethnic group |
| 83|person_ethnic_1_title | Title for first ethnic group |
| 84|person_ethnic_2_nid | Numerical ID for second ethnic group |
| 85|person_ethnic_2_title | Title for second ethnic group |
| 86|person_ethnic_3_nid | Numerical ID for third ethnic group |
| 87|person_ethnic_3_title | Title for third ethnic group |
| 88|person_rel_family_nid | Numerical ID for religious family (religion by birth) |
| 89|person_rel_family_title | Title for religious family |
| 90|person_rel_family_rel | Relation to religious family |
| 91|person_rel_family_rel_no | Numerical code for religious family relation |
| 92|person_rel_current_nid | Numerical ID for current religion |
| 93|person_rel_current_title | Title for current religion |
| 94|person_rel_current_rel | Relation to current religion |
| 95|person_rel_current_rel_no | Numerical code for current religion relation |
| 96|person_lang_native_nid | Numerical ID for native language (mother tongue) |
| 97|person_lang_native_title | Title for native language |
| 98|person_lang_native_rel | Relation to native language |
| 99|person_lang_native_rel_no | Numerical code for native language relation |
| 100|person_lang_native_other | Other native languages |
| 101|person_lang_spoken_nid | Numerical ID for spoken language |
| 102|person_lang_spoken_title | Title for spoken language |
| 103|person_lang_spoken_other | Other spoken languages |
| 104|person_lang_english | Proficiency in English |
| 105|person_lang_french | Proficiency in French |
| 106|person_lang_arabic | Proficiency in Arabic |
| 107|person_lang_spanish | Proficiency in Spanish |
| 108|person_lang_chinese | Proficiency in Chinese |
| 109|person_lang_german | Proficiency in German |
| 110|person_lang_russian | Proficiency in Russian |
| 111|person_lang_portuguese | Proficiency in Portuguese |
| 112|person_lang_other | Other languages |
| 113|person_lang_all | All languages |
| 114|person_lang_all_count | Count of all languages |
| 115|person_unv_name_all | All university names attended |
| 116|person_unv_name_1 | First university name |
| 117|person_unv_name_2 | Second university name |
| 118|person_unv_name_3 | Third university name |
| 119|person_ug_major | Undergraduate major |
| 120|person_ug_major_all | All undergraduate majors |
| 121|person_ug_major_1 | First undergraduate major |
| 122|person_ug_major_1_no | Numerical code for first undergraduate major |
| 123|person_ug_major_2 | Second undergraduate major |
| 124|person_ug_major_2_no | Numerical code for second undergraduate major |
| 125|person_ug_major_3 | Third undergraduate major |
| 126|person_ug_major_3_no | Numerical code for third undergraduate major |
| 127|person_education | Education level |
| 128|person_education_no | Numerical code for education level |
| 129|person_college_country | Country where college was attended |
| 130|person_abroad | Indicator for studying abroad |
| 131|person_eduwest | Indicator for education in a Western country |
| 132|person_course_of_study | Course of study |
| 133|person_combethnic_nid | Numerical ID for combined ethnicity |
| 134|person_combethnic_all | All combined ethnicities |
| 135|person_combethnic_all_nid | Numerical IDs for all combined ethnicities |
| 136|person_combethnic_1_nid | Numerical ID for first combined ethnicity |
| 137|person_combethnic_1_title | Title for first combined ethnicity |
| 138|person_combethnic_2_nid | Numerical ID for second combined ethnicity |
| 139|person_combethnic_2_title | Title for second combined ethnicity |
| 140|person_combethnic_3_nid | Numerical ID for third combined ethnicity |
| 141|person_combethnic_3_title | Title for third combined ethnicity |
| 142|person_combethnicgrp_size | Size of combined ethnic group |
| 143|person_combethnicgrp_ecorank | Economic rank of combined ethnic group |
| 144|prsn_cmbthncgrp_livingstyle | Living style of combined ethnic group |
| 145|person_combethnicgrp_source | Source for combined ethnic group information |
| 146|prsn_cmbthncgrp_population | Population of combined ethnic group |
| 147|prsn_cmbthncgrp_defcriteria | Definition criteria for combined ethnic group |
| 148|person_party_aff_nonpartisan | Indicator for nonpartisan party affiliation |
| 149|person_party_aff_position | Position in party affiliation |
| 150|prsn_prty_aff_position_local | Local position in party affiliation |
| 151|person_party_aff_coalition | Coalition in party affiliation |
| 152|prsn_prty_aff_coalition_differ | Differences in coalition affiliation |
| 153|person_party_aff_longterm_aff | Long-term party affiliation |
| 154|person_party_aff_pol_exp | Political experience via party affiliation |
| 155|person_office_position_1 | Position in first office |
| 156|person_office_minposarea_1 | Ministerial position area for first office |
| 157|person_office_minposarea_lo_1 | Local ministerial position area for first office |
| 158|person_office_service_began_1 | Start date of service in first office |
| 159|prsn_office_srvc_bgn_cabi_1 | Cabinet service start for first office |
| 160|person_office_terms_1 | Number of terms in first office |
| 161|person_office_pm_participate_1 | Participation as prime minister in first office |
| 162|person_office_howmanydays_1 | Number of days served in first office |
| 163|prsn_office_hwmnydys_miss_1 | Missing days in first office |
| 164|prsn_office_cnsttncy_nid_1 | Numerical ID for constituency in first office |
| 165|prsn_office_cnsttncy_title_1 | Title for constituency in first office |
| 166|person_office_position_2 | Position in second office |
| 167|person_office_minposarea_2 | Ministerial position area for second office |
| 168|person_office_service_began_2 | Start date of service in second office |
| 169|prsn_office_srvc_bgn_cabi_2 | Cabinet service start for second office |
| 170|person_office_terms_2 | Number of terms in second office |
| 171|person_office_pm_participate_2 | Participation as prime minister in second office |
| 172|person_office_howmanydays_2 | Number of days served in second office |
| 173|prsn_office_hwmnydys_miss_2 | Missing days in second office |
| 174|prsn_office_cnsttncy_nid__2 | Numerical ID for constituency in second office |
| 175|prsn_office_cnsttncy_title_2 | Title for constituency in second office |
| 176|person_office_position_3 | Position in third office |
| 177|person_office_minposarea_3 | Ministerial position area for third office |
| 178|person_office_service_began_3 | Start date of service in third office |
| 179|prsn_office_srvc_bgn_cabi_3 | Cabinet service start for third office |
| 180|person_office_terms_3 | Number of terms in third office |
| 181|person_office_pm_participate_3 | Participation as prime minister in third office |
| 182|person_office_howmanydays_3 | Number of days served in third office |
| 183|prsn_office_hwmnydys_miss_3 | Missing days in third office |
| 184|prsn_office_cnsttncy_nid_3 | Numerical ID for constituency in third office |
| 185|prsn_office_cnsttncy_title_3 | Title for constituency in third office |
| 186|person_office_minposarea_4 | Ministerial position area for fourth office |
| 187|person_office_minposarea_5 | Ministerial position area for fifth office |
| 188|office_type_1 | Type of first office |
| 189|office_type_2 | Type of second office |
| 190|office_type_3 | Type of third office
|