feature_id stringlengths 2 4 | feature_name stringlengths 3 104 | domain stringclasses 12
values | question stringlengths 51 172 | possible_answers stringlengths 30 3.05k | ground_truth unknown |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
90E | Correlative relative clauses | Word Order | How are correlative relative clauses expressed in the <LANGUAGE> language? | Correlative relative clause dominant; Correlative or relative clause-noun; Correlative or noun-relative clause; Correlative or internally-headed; Correlative or adjoined; Correlative as nondominant type; Correlative exists | {
"Bambara": "Correlative relative clause dominant",
"Bodo": "Correlative or relative clause-noun",
"Darma": "Correlative or relative clause-noun",
"Hindi": "Correlative relative clause dominant",
"Kashmiri": "Correlative or noun-relative clause",
"Kyirong": "Correlative or relative clause-noun",
"Kharia"... |
90F | Adjoined relative clauses | Word Order | How are adjoined relative clauses expressed in the <LANGUAGE> language? | Adjoined relative clause dominant; Adjoined or correlative | {
"Diyari": "Adjoined relative clause dominant",
"Kuikúro": "Adjoined relative clause dominant",
"Kuku-Yalanji": "Adjoined relative clause dominant",
"Mekens": "Adjoined relative clause dominant",
"Martuthunira": "Adjoined relative clause dominant",
"Ngiyambaa": "Adjoined or correlative",
"Ngankikurungkur... |
90G | Double-headed relative clauses | Word Order | How are double-headed relative clauses expressed in the <LANGUAGE> language? | Double-headed dominant; Double-headed or relative clause-noun; Double-headed or internally headed; Double-headed as nondominant type | {
"Mina": "Double-headed as nondominant type",
"Jamsay": "Double-headed or internally headed",
"Kombai": "Double-headed dominant",
"Kobon": "Double-headed or relative clause-noun",
"Yagaria": "Double-headed as nondominant type"
} |
91A | Order of Degree Word and Adjective | Word Order | What is the order of degree word and adjective in the <LANGUAGE> language? | Degree word precedes adjective; Degree word follows adjective; Both orders occur with neither order dominant | {
"Abipón": "Degree word precedes adjective",
"Abkhaz": "Degree word precedes adjective",
"Abun": "Degree word follows adjective",
"Acehnese": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant",
"Adang": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant",
"Adioukrou": "Degree word follows adjective",
"Arabic (E... |
92A | Position of Polar Question Particles | Word Order | Where are polar question particles positioned in the <LANGUAGE> language? | Question particle at beginning of sentence; Question particle at end of sentence; Question particle in second position in sentence; Question particle with other position; Question particle in either of two positions; No question particle | {
"Arapesh (Abu)": "Question particle at end of sentence",
"Aari": "No question particle",
"Abkhaz": "No question particle",
"Abun": "Question particle at end of sentence",
"Acehnese": "Question particle in either of two positions",
"Achang": "Question particle at end of sentence",
"Achuar": "No question ... |
93A | Position of Interrogative Phrases in Content Questions | Word Order | Where are interrogative phrases positioned in content questions in the <LANGUAGE> language? | Interrogative phrases obligatorily initial; Interrogative phrases not obligatorily initial; Mixed, some interrogative phrases obligatorily initial, some not | {
"Arapesh (Abu)": "Interrogative phrases not obligatorily initial",
"Abipón": "Interrogative phrases obligatorily initial",
"Abkhaz": "Interrogative phrases not obligatorily initial",
"Abun": "Interrogative phrases not obligatorily initial",
"Abui": "Interrogative phrases not obligatorily initial",
"Acehne... |
94A | Order of Adverbial Subordinator and Clause | Word Order | What is the order of adverbial subordinator and clause in the <LANGUAGE> language? | Adverbial subordinators which are separate words and which appear at the beginning of the subordinate clause; Adverbial subordinators which are separate words and which appear at the end of the subordinate clause; Clause-internal adverbial subordinators; Suffixal adverbial subordinators; More than one type of adverbial... | {
"Abipón": "Adverbial subordinators which are separate words and which appear at the beginning of the subordinate clause",
"Abkhaz": "Suffixal adverbial subordinators",
"Abun": "More than one type of adverbial subordinators with none dominant",
"Acehnese": "Adverbial subordinators which are separate words and ... |
95A | Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase | Word Order | What is the relationship between the order of object and verb and the order of adposition and noun phrase in the <LANGUAGE> language? | Object-verb and postpositional; Object-verb and prepositional; Verb-object and postpositional; Verb-object and prepositional; Languages not falling into one of the preceding four types | {
"Aari": "Object-verb and postpositional",
"Abau": "Object-verb and postpositional",
"Abipón": "Verb-object and prepositional",
"Abkhaz": "Object-verb and postpositional",
"Abun": "Verb-object and prepositional",
"Acehnese": "Languages not falling into one of the preceding four types",
"Achagua": "Verb-o... |
96A | Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Relative Clause and Noun | Word Order | What is the relationship between the order of object and verb and the order of relative clause and noun in the <LANGUAGE> language? | Object-verb and relative clause-noun; Object-verb and noun-relative clause; Verb-object and relative clause-noun; Verb-object and noun-relative clause; Languages not falling into one of the preceding four types | {
"Aari": "Object-verb and noun-relative clause",
"Abipón": "Verb-object and noun-relative clause",
"Abkhaz": "Object-verb and relative clause-noun",
"Arbore": "Object-verb and noun-relative clause",
"Abun": "Verb-object and noun-relative clause",
"Abui": "Object-verb and noun-relative clause",
"Acehnese"... |
97A | Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adjective and Noun | Word Order | What is the relationship between the order of object and verb and the order of adjective and noun in the <LANGUAGE> language? | Object-verb and adjective-noun; Object-verb and noun-adjective; Verb-object and adjective-noun; Verb-object and noun-adjective; Languages not falling into one of the preceding four types | {
"Arapesh (Abu)": "Verb-object and noun-adjective",
"Aari": "Object-verb and noun-adjective",
"Abipón": "Languages not falling into one of the preceding four types",
"Abkhaz": "Object-verb and noun-adjective",
"Arabana": "Object-verb and noun-adjective",
"Arbore": "Object-verb and noun-adjective",
"Abun"... |
98A | Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases | Simple Clauses | How is the case marking of full noun phrases aligned in the <LANGUAGE> language? | Neutral; Nominative - accusative (standard); Nominative - accusative (marked nominative); Ergative - absolutive; Tripartite; Active - inactive | {
"Abipón": "Neutral",
"Abkhaz": "Neutral",
"Acoma": "Neutral",
"Arabic (Egyptian)": "Neutral",
"Ainu": "Neutral",
"Alamblak": "Neutral",
"Amele": "Neutral",
"Araona": "Ergative - absolutive",
"Apurinã": "Neutral",
"Armenian (Eastern)": "Nominative - accusative (standard)",
"Arapesh (Mountain)": "... |
99A | Alignment of Case Marking of Pronouns | Simple Clauses | How is the case marking of pronouns aligned in the <LANGUAGE> language? | Neutral; Nominative - accusative (standard); Nominative - accusative (marked nominative); Ergative - absolutive; Tripartite; Active - inactive; None | {
"Abipón": "Neutral",
"Abkhaz": "Neutral",
"Arabic (Egyptian)": "Neutral",
"Ainu": "Neutral",
"Amele": "Neutral",
"Araona": "Ergative - absolutive",
"Apurinã": "Neutral",
"Armenian (Eastern)": "Nominative - accusative (standard)",
"Arapesh (Mountain)": "Neutral",
"Awa Pit": "Nominative - accusative... |
100A | Alignment of Verbal Person Marking | Simple Clauses | How is the verbal person marking aligned in the <LANGUAGE> language? | Neutral alignment (no verbal person marking); Accusative alignment; Ergative alignment; Active alignment; Hierarchical alignment; Split alignment | {
"Abipón": "Accusative alignment",
"Abkhaz": "Ergative alignment",
"Arabana": "Neutral alignment (no verbal person marking)",
"Abun": "Neutral alignment (no verbal person marking)",
"Acehnese": "Active alignment",
"Achumawi": "Accusative alignment",
"Acoma": "Active alignment",
"Adzera": "Neutral align... |
101A | Expression of Pronominal Subjects | Simple Clauses | How are pronominal subjects expressed in the <LANGUAGE> language? | Pronominal subjects are expressed by pronouns in subject position that are normally if not obligatorily present; Pronominal subjects are expressed by affixes on verbs; Pronominal subjects are expressed by clitics with variable host; Pronominal subjects are expressed by subject pronouns that occur in a different syntact... | {
"Aari": "Pronominal subjects are expressed by affixes on verbs",
"Abkhaz": "Pronominal subjects are expressed by affixes on verbs",
"Abun": "Pronominal subjects are expressed by pronouns in subject position that are normally if not obligatorily present",
"Abui": "Pronominal subjects are expressed by subject p... |
102A | Verbal Person Marking | Simple Clauses | How is verbal person marking applied in the <LANGUAGE> language? | No person marking of any argument; Person marking of only the agent argument; Person marking of only the patient argument; Person marking of the agent or patient argument; Person marking of both the agent and patient arguments | {
"Abipón": "Person marking of both the agent and patient arguments",
"Abkhaz": "Person marking of both the agent and patient arguments",
"Arabana": "No person marking of any argument",
"Abun": "No person marking of any argument",
"Acehnese": "Person marking of both the agent and patient arguments",
"Achuma... |
103A | Third Person Zero of Verbal Person Marking | Simple Clauses | How is third person subject marking realized in the <LANGUAGE> language? | No person marking of the single argument; No zero realization of third person single-argument forms; Zero realization of some third person singular forms; Zero realization of all third person singular single-argument forms; Zero realization of all third person forms/No third person single-argument forms; Zero realizati... | {
"Abipón": "Zero realization of some third person singular forms",
"Abkhaz": "No zero realization of third person single-argument forms",
"Arabana": "No person marking of the single argument",
"Abun": "No person marking of the single argument",
"Acehnese": "Zero realization of all third person forms/No third... |
104A | Order of Person Markers on the Verb | Simple Clauses | In what order are person markers arranged on the verb in the <LANGUAGE> language? | Agent and patient do not or do not both occur on the verb; Agent precedes patient; Patient precedes agent; Both orders of agent and patient occur; Agent and patient are fused | {
"Abipón": "Agent precedes patient",
"Abkhaz": "Patient precedes agent",
"Arabana": "Agent and patient do not or do not both occur on the verb",
"Abun": "Agent and patient do not or do not both occur on the verb",
"Acehnese": "Agent precedes patient",
"Achumawi": "Agent and patient are fused",
"Acoma": "... |
105A | Ditransitive Constructions: The Verb 'Give' | Simple Clauses | What type of ditransitive construction does the verb 'give' take in the <LANGUAGE> language? | Indirect-object construction; Double-object construction; Secondary-object construction; Mixed | {
"Abkhaz": "Indirect-object construction",
"Abun": "Indirect-object construction",
"Acehnese": "Mixed",
"Arabic (Egyptian)": "Mixed",
"Ainu": "Secondary-object construction",
"Akha": "Indirect-object construction",
"Akan": "Double-object construction",
"Akawaio": "Secondary-object construction",
"Ala... |
106A | Reciprocal Constructions | Simple Clauses | How are reciprocal constructions formed in the <LANGUAGE> language? | There are no non-iconic reciprocal constructions; All reciprocal constructions are formally distinct from reflexive constructions; There are both reflexive and non-reflexive reciprocal constructions; The reciprocal and reflexive constructions are formally identical | {
"Abkhaz": "All reciprocal constructions are formally distinct from reflexive constructions",
"Achagua": "All reciprocal constructions are formally distinct from reflexive constructions",
"Arabic (Egyptian)": "All reciprocal constructions are formally distinct from reflexive constructions",
"Ainu": "All recipr... |
107A | Passive Constructions | Simple Clauses | How are passive constructions expressed in the <LANGUAGE> language? | There is a passive construction; There is no passive construction | {
"Abipón": "There is no passive construction",
"Abkhaz": "There is no passive construction",
"Arabana": "There is no passive construction",
"Abun": "There is no passive construction",
"Acehnese": "There is no passive construction",
"Achumawi": "There is no passive construction",
"Acoma": "There is no pas... |
108A | Antipassive Constructions | Simple Clauses | How are antipassive constructions expressed in the <LANGUAGE> language? | Antipassive with patient-like argument left implicit; Antipassive with patient-like argument expressed as oblique complement; No antipassive | {
"Abkhaz": "No antipassive",
"Acoma": "Antipassive with patient-like argument left implicit",
"Arabic (Egyptian)": "No antipassive",
"Ainu": "No antipassive",
"Alamblak": "No antipassive",
"Amele": "No antipassive",
"Apurinã": "No antipassive",
"Archi": "Antipassive with patient-like argument expressed... |
108B | Productivity of the Antipassive Construction | Simple Clauses | How productive is the antipassive construction in the <LANGUAGE> language? | Productive; Partially productive; Not productive; No antipassive | {
"Abkhaz": "No antipassive",
"Arabic (Egyptian)": "No antipassive",
"Ainu": "No antipassive",
"Alamblak": "No antipassive",
"Amele": "No antipassive",
"Apurinã": "No antipassive",
"Archi": "Productive",
"Armenian (Eastern)": "No antipassive",
"Arapesh (Mountain)": "No antipassive",
"Asmat": "No ant... |
109A | Applicative Constructions | Simple Clauses | How are applicative constructions expressed in the <LANGUAGE> language? | Benefactive object only - both bases; Benefactive object only - transitive base only; Benefactive and other - both bases; Benefactive and other - transitive base only; Non-benefactive object only - both bases; Non-benefactive object only - transitive base only; Non-benefactive object only - intransitive base only; No a... | {
"Abkhaz": "Benefactive and other - transitive base only",
"Abaza": "Benefactive and other - both bases",
"Acoma": "Benefactive and other - both bases",
"Arabic (Egyptian)": "No applicative construction",
"Ainu": "Benefactive and other - both bases",
"Alamblak": "Benefactive object only - both bases",
"A... |
109B | Other Roles of Applied Objects | Simple Clauses | What other roles do applied objects play in the <LANGUAGE> language? | Instrument; Locative; Instrument and locative; No other roles (= Only benefactive); No applicative construction | {
"Abkhaz": "Instrument",
"Abaza": "Instrument and locative",
"Acoma": "No other roles (= Only benefactive)",
"Arabic (Egyptian)": "No applicative construction",
"Ainu": "Instrument and locative",
"Alamblak": "No other roles (= Only benefactive)",
"Amele": "No other roles (= Only benefactive)",
"Apurinã... |
110A | Periphrastic Causative Constructions | Simple Clauses | How are periphrastic causative constructions expressed in the <LANGUAGE> language? | Sequential type but no purposive type; Purposive type but no sequential type; Both sequential type and purposive type | {
"Abkhaz": "Purposive type but no sequential type",
"Arabic (Egyptian)": "Purposive type but no sequential type",
"Ajië": "Purposive type but no sequential type",
"Amele": "Sequential type but no purposive type",
"Armenian (Eastern)": "Purposive type but no sequential type",
"Atchin": "Sequential type but ... |
111A | Nonperiphrastic Causative Constructions | Simple Clauses | How are nonperiphrastic causative constructions expressed in the <LANGUAGE> language? | No morphological type or compound type; Morphological type but no compound type; Compound type but no morphological type; Both morphological type and compound type | {
"Abipón": "Morphological type but no compound type",
"Abkhaz": "Morphological type but no compound type",
"Acehnese": "Morphological type but no compound type",
"Arabic (Egyptian)": "Morphological type but no compound type",
"Ainu": "Morphological type but no compound type",
"Ajië": "Morphological type bu... |
112A | Negative Morphemes | Simple Clauses | How are negative morphemes expressed in the <LANGUAGE> language? | Negative affix; Negative particle; Negative auxiliary verb; Negative word, unclear if verb or particle; Variation between negative word and affix; Double negation | {
"Arapesh (Abu)": "Negative particle",
"Aari": "Negative affix",
"Abipón": "Negative particle",
"Abkhaz": "Negative affix",
"Arabana": "Negative particle",
"Abun": "Double negation",
"Abui": "Negative auxiliary verb",
"Achumawi": "Negative auxiliary verb",
"Acoma": "Negative particle",
"Achuar": "N... |
113A | Symmetric and Asymmetric Standard Negation | Simple Clauses | What types of standard negation are used in the <LANGUAGE> language? | Symmetric standard negation only; Asymmetric standard negation only; Both symmetric and asymmetric standard negation | {
"Abipón": "Both symmetric and asymmetric standard negation",
"Abkhaz": "Both symmetric and asymmetric standard negation",
"Achumawi": "Asymmetric standard negation only",
"Acoma": "Both symmetric and asymmetric standard negation",
"Andoke": "Symmetric standard negation only",
"Arabic (Egyptian)": "Symmetr... |
114A | Subtypes of Asymmetric Standard Negation | Simple Clauses | What subtypes of asymmetric standard negation exist in the <LANGUAGE> language? | In finiteness; In reality status; In other grammatical categories; In finiteness and reality status; In finiteness and other grammatical categories; In reality status and other grammatical categories; Non-assignable (no asymmetry found) | {
"Abipón": "In other grammatical categories",
"Abkhaz": "In other grammatical categories",
"Achumawi": "In finiteness",
"Acoma": "In other grammatical categories",
"Andoke": "Non-assignable (no asymmetry found)",
"Arabic (Egyptian)": "Non-assignable (no asymmetry found)",
"Ainu": "Non-assignable (no asym... |
115A | Negative Indefinite Pronouns and Predicate Negation | Simple Clauses | How do negative indefinite pronouns interact with predicate negation in the <LANGUAGE> language? | Negative indefinites co-occur with predicate negation; Negative indefinites preclude predicate negation; Negative indefinites show mixed behaviour; Negative existential construction | {
"Abkhaz": "Negative indefinites co-occur with predicate negation",
"Abun": "Negative indefinites co-occur with predicate negation",
"Acehnese": "Negative indefinites co-occur with predicate negation",
"Adyghe (Abzakh)": "Negative indefinites co-occur with predicate negation",
"Arabic (Egyptian)": "Negative ... |
116A | Polar Questions | Simple Clauses | How are polar questions formed in the <LANGUAGE> language? | Question particle; Interrogative verb morphology; Question particle and interrogative verb morphology; Interrogative word order; Absence of declarative morphemes; Interrogative intonation only; No interrogative-declarative distinction | {
"Arapesh (Abu)": "Question particle",
"Aari": "Interrogative verb morphology",
"Abkhaz": "Interrogative verb morphology",
"Abun": "Question particle",
"Acehnese": "Question particle",
"Achang": "Question particle",
"Achuar": "Interrogative verb morphology",
"Adioukrou": "Question particle",
"Adzera"... |
117A | Predicative Possession | Simple Clauses | How is possession expressed predicatively in the <LANGUAGE> language? | Locational Possessive; Genitive Possessive; Topic Possessive; Conjunctional Possessive; Have-Possessive | {
"Abkhaz": "Have-Possessive",
"Alabama": "Locational Possessive",
"Acehnese": "Topic Possessive",
"Acholi": "Conjunctional Possessive",
"Arabic (Egyptian)": "Locational Possessive",
"Aghul": "Locational Possessive",
"Aghu": "Topic Possessive",
"Ainu": "Have-Possessive",
"Akan": "Topic Possessive",
... |
118A | Predicative Adjectives | Simple Clauses | How are predicative adjectives encoded in the <LANGUAGE> language? | Predicative adjectives have verbal encoding; Predicative adjectives have nonverbal encoding; Predicative adjectives have mixed encoding | {
"Abkhaz": "Predicative adjectives have verbal encoding",
"Alabama": "Predicative adjectives have verbal encoding",
"Abaza": "Predicative adjectives have verbal encoding",
"Acehnese": "Predicative adjectives have verbal encoding",
"Acholi": "Predicative adjectives have mixed encoding",
"Achumawi": "Predica... |
119A | Nominal and Locational Predication | Simple Clauses | How is nominal and locational predication encoded in the <LANGUAGE> language? | Split (i.e. different) encoding of nominal and locational predication; Shared (i.e. identical) encoding of nominal and locational predication | {
"Abkhaz": "Split (i.e. different) encoding of nominal and locational predication",
"Alabama": "Split (i.e. different) encoding of nominal and locational predication",
"Abaza": "Split (i.e. different) encoding of nominal and locational predication",
"Acehnese": "Split (i.e. different) encoding of nominal and l... |
120A | Zero Copula for Predicate Nominals | Simple Clauses | Is zero copula possible in predicate nominals in the <LANGUAGE> language? | Zero copula is impossible; Zero copula is possible | {
"Abkhaz": "Zero copula is impossible",
"Alabama": "Zero copula is possible",
"Abaza": "Zero copula is impossible",
"Acehnese": "Zero copula is possible",
"Acholi": "Zero copula is possible",
"Achumawi": "Zero copula is impossible",
"Acoma": "Zero copula is impossible",
"Adyghe (Abzakh)": "Zero copula ... |
121A | Comparative Constructions | Simple Clauses | What types of comparative constructions exist in the <LANGUAGE> language? | Locational Comparative; Exceed Comparative; Conjoined Comparative; Particle Comparative | {
"Abipón": "Conjoined Comparative",
"Andoke": "Locational Comparative",
"Albanian": "Particle Comparative",
"Aleut": "Locational Comparative",
"Amele": "Exceed Comparative",
"Amharic": "Locational Comparative",
"Arrernte (Mparntwe)": "Locational Comparative",
"Arabic (Moroccan)": "Locational Comparativ... |
122A | Relativization on Subjects | Complex Sentences | How is relativization on subjects expressed in the <LANGUAGE> language? | Relative pronoun; Non-reduction; Pronoun-retention; Gap | {
"Abkhaz": "Gap",
"Acehnese": "Gap",
"Acoma": "Relative pronoun",
"Arabic (Egyptian)": "Gap",
"Alamblak": "Gap",
"Amele": "Non-reduction",
"Anywa": "Gap",
"Arapesh (Mountain)": "Gap",
"Babungo": "Pronoun-retention",
"Bagirmi": "Gap",
"Baka (in Cameroon)": "Pronoun-retention",
"Bambara": "Non-re... |
123A | Relativization on Obliques | Complex Sentences | How is relativization on obliques expressed in the <LANGUAGE> language? | Relative Pronoun Strategy; Non-Reduction Strategy; Pronoun-Retention Strategy; Gap Strategy; Not possible | {
"Abkhaz": "Gap Strategy",
"Acehnese": "Gap Strategy",
"Acoma": "Relative Pronoun Strategy",
"Arabic (Egyptian)": "Pronoun-Retention Strategy",
"Alamblak": "Gap Strategy",
"Amele": "Non-Reduction Strategy",
"Anywa": "Pronoun-Retention Strategy",
"Babungo": "Pronoun-Retention Strategy",
"Bagirmi": "Pr... |
124A | 'Want' Complement Subjects | Complex Sentences | How are 'want' complement subjects expressed in the <LANGUAGE> language? | The complement subject is left implicit; The complement subject is expressed overtly; Both construction types exist; Want' is expressed as a desiderative verbal affix; Want' is expressed as an uninflected desiderative particle | {
"Abkhaz": "The complement subject is expressed overtly",
"Abun": "The complement subject is expressed overtly",
"Acehnese": "The complement subject is left implicit",
"Arabic (Egyptian)": "The complement subject is expressed overtly",
"Agarabi": "Want' is expressed as a desiderative verbal affix",
"Ainu":... |
125A | Purpose Clauses | Complex Sentences | How are purpose clauses expressed in the <LANGUAGE> language? | Balanced; Balanced/deranked; Deranked | {
"Abkhaz": "Balanced/deranked",
"Abun": "Deranked",
"Acehnese": "Balanced",
"Ainu": "Balanced",
"Akan": "Balanced/deranked",
"Alamblak": "Deranked",
"Amele": "Balanced/deranked",
"Anywa": "Balanced/deranked",
"Arabic (Gulf)": "Balanced/deranked",
"Arapesh (Mountain)": "Balanced",
"Awa Pit": "Dera... |
126A | 'When' Clauses | Complex Sentences | How are 'when' clauses expressed in the <LANGUAGE> language? | Balanced; Balanced/deranked; Deranked | {
"Abkhaz": "Deranked",
"Abun": "Balanced",
"Acehnese": "Balanced",
"Acoma": "Balanced",
"Ainu": "Balanced",
"Akan": "Balanced/deranked",
"Alamblak": "Deranked",
"Amele": "Deranked",
"Anywa": "Balanced",
"Apurinã": "Balanced",
"Arabic (Gulf)": "Balanced/deranked",
"Awa Pit": "Deranked",
"Bawm"... |
127A | Reason Clauses | Complex Sentences | How are reason clauses expressed in the <LANGUAGE> language? | Balanced; Balanced/deranked; Deranked | {
"Abkhaz": "Deranked",
"Abun": "Balanced",
"Acehnese": "Balanced",
"Ainu": "Balanced",
"Akan": "Balanced/deranked",
"Alamblak": "Deranked",
"Amele": "Balanced",
"Anywa": "Balanced",
"Apurinã": "Balanced",
"Arabic (Gulf)": "Balanced/deranked",
"Awa Pit": "Deranked",
"Berbice Dutch Creole": "Dera... |
128A | Utterance Complement Clauses | Complex Sentences | How are utterance complement clauses expressed in the <LANGUAGE> language? | Balanced; Balanced/deranked; Deranked | {
"Abkhaz": "Balanced/deranked",
"Abun": "Balanced",
"Acehnese": "Balanced",
"Acoma": "Balanced",
"Ainu": "Balanced",
"Akan": "Balanced",
"Amele": "Balanced",
"Anywa": "Balanced",
"Apurinã": "Balanced",
"Arabic (Gulf)": "Balanced/deranked",
"Arapesh (Mountain)": "Balanced",
"Awa Pit": "Deranked"... |
129A | Hand and Arm | Lexicon | How are the concepts of 'hand' and 'arm' expressed in the <LANGUAGE> language? | Identity - a single word denotes both 'hand' and 'arm'; Differentiation - one word denotes 'hand' and another, different word denotes 'arm' | {
"Abipón": "Differentiation - one word denotes 'hand' and another, different word denotes 'arm'",
"Abkhaz": "Differentiation - one word denotes 'hand' and another, different word denotes 'arm'",
"Alabama": "Differentiation - one word denotes 'hand' and another, different word denotes 'arm'",
"Abenaki (Western)... |
130A | Finger and Hand | Lexicon | How are the concepts of 'finger' and 'hand' expressed in the <LANGUAGE> language? | Identity - a single word denotes both 'hand' and 'finger' and/or 'fingers'; Differentiation - one word denotes 'hand' and another, different word denotes 'finger' (or, very rarely, 'fingers') | {
"Abipón": "Differentiation - one word denotes 'hand' and another, different word denotes 'finger' (or, very rarely, 'fingers')",
"Abkhaz": "Differentiation - one word denotes 'hand' and another, different word denotes 'finger' (or, very rarely, 'fingers')",
"Alabama": "Differentiation - one word denotes 'hand' ... |
130B | Cultural Categories of Languages with Identity of 'Finger' and 'Hand' | Lexicon | What are the cultural categories of the <LANGUAGE> language with identity of 'finger' and 'hand'? | Hunter-gatherers; Farmer-foragers; Full-fledged farmers | {
"Alyawarra": "Hunter-gatherers",
"Amahuaca": "Farmer-foragers",
"Arrernte (Mparntwe)": "Hunter-gatherers",
"Apache (Western)": "Farmer-foragers",
"Atikamekw": "Hunter-gatherers",
"Atakapa": "Hunter-gatherers",
"Beothuk": "Hunter-gatherers",
"Bunuba": "Hunter-gatherers",
"Bandjalang": "Hunter-gathere... |
131A | Numeral Bases | Lexicon | What numeral bases are used in the <LANGUAGE> language? | Decimal; Hybrid vigesimal-decimal; Pure vigesimal; Other base; Extended body-part system; Restricted | {
"Abkhaz": "Hybrid vigesimal-decimal",
"Alabama": "Decimal",
"Abun": "Decimal",
"Achagua": "Restricted",
"Acoma": "Decimal",
"Andoke": "Pure vigesimal",
"Arabic (Egyptian)": "Decimal",
"Ainu": "Pure vigesimal",
"Alamblak": "Pure vigesimal",
"Albanian": "Decimal",
"Amharic": "Decimal",
"Araona":... |
132A | Number of Non-Derived Basic Colour Categories | Lexicon | How many non-derived basic colour categories are there in the <LANGUAGE> language? | 3 categories; Between 3 and 4 categories; 4 categories; Between 4 and 5 categories; 5 categories; Between 5 and 6 categories; 6 categories | {
"Abidji": "Between 3 and 4 categories",
"Agarabi": "5 categories",
"Agta (Central)": "5 categories",
"Aguacatec": "5 categories",
"Amarakaeri": "Between 5 and 6 categories",
"Amuzgo": "6 categories",
"Angaataha": "5 categories",
"Ampeeli": "5 categories",
"Apinayé": "5 categories",
"Arabela": "5 c... |
133A | Number of Basic Colour Categories | Lexicon | How many basic colour categories are there in the <LANGUAGE> language? | 3, between 3 and 4, or 4 categories; Between 4 and 5, 5, or between 5 and 6 categories; 6 or between 6 and 7 categories; 7 or between 7 and 8 categories; 8 or between 8 and 9 categories; 9, between 9 and 10, or 10 categories; More than 10 categories | {
"Abidji": "Between 4 and 5, 5, or between 5 and 6 categories",
"Agarabi": "Between 4 and 5, 5, or between 5 and 6 categories",
"Agta (Central)": "6 or between 6 and 7 categories",
"Aguacatec": "7 or between 7 and 8 categories",
"Amarakaeri": "6 or between 6 and 7 categories",
"Amuzgo": "8 or between 8 and... |
134A | Green and Blue | Lexicon | How are the concepts of 'green' and 'blue' distinguished in the <LANGUAGE> language? | Green and blue; Green-or-blue ('grue'); Black-or-green-or-blue; Black-or-blue and green; Yellow-or-green-or-blue; Yellow-or-green and blue; Green and blue not both encoded in any basic color term | {
"Abidji": "Green-or-blue ('grue')",
"Agarabi": "Green-or-blue ('grue')",
"Agta (Central)": "Green-or-blue ('grue')",
"Aguacatec": "Green-or-blue ('grue')",
"Amarakaeri": "Green-or-blue ('grue')",
"Amuzgo": "Green and blue",
"Angaataha": "Green and blue",
"Ampeeli": "Green-or-blue ('grue')",
"Apinayé... |
135A | Red and Yellow | Lexicon | How are the concepts of 'red' and 'yellow' distinguished in the <LANGUAGE> language? | Red and yellow; Red-or-yellow; Red and yellow-or-green-or-blue; Red and yellow-or-green; Red and yellow not both encoded in any basic color term | {
"Abidji": "Red-or-yellow",
"Agarabi": "Red and yellow",
"Agta (Central)": "Red and yellow",
"Aguacatec": "Red and yellow",
"Amarakaeri": "Red and yellow",
"Amuzgo": "Red and yellow",
"Angaataha": "Red and yellow",
"Ampeeli": "Red and yellow",
"Apinayé": "Red and yellow",
"Arabela": "Red and yellow... |
136A | M-T Pronouns | Lexicon | What type of pronoun system does the <LANGUAGE> language have, where the first person singular begins with m and the second person singular begins with an apical obstruent? | No M-T pronouns; M-T pronouns, paradigmatic; M-T pronouns, non-paradigmatic | {
"Abkhaz": "No M-T pronouns",
"Acehnese": "No M-T pronouns",
"Acoma": "No M-T pronouns",
"Arabic (Egyptian)": "No M-T pronouns",
"Ainu": "No M-T pronouns",
"Alamblak": "No M-T pronouns",
"Amele": "No M-T pronouns",
"Amharic": "No M-T pronouns",
"Arrernte (Mparntwe)": "No M-T pronouns",
"Anêm": "No ... |
136B | M in First Person Singular | Lexicon | Does the first person singular pronoun in the <LANGUAGE> language begin with m? | No m in first person singular; m in first person singular | {
"Abkhaz": "No m in first person singular",
"Acehnese": "No m in first person singular",
"Acoma": "No m in first person singular",
"Arabic (Egyptian)": "No m in first person singular",
"Ainu": "No m in first person singular",
"Alamblak": "No m in first person singular",
"Amele": "No m in first person sin... |
137A | N-M Pronouns | Lexicon | What type of pronoun system does the <LANGUAGE> language have, where the first person singular begins with n and the second person singular begins with m? | No N-M pronouns; N-M pronouns, paradigmatic; N-M pronouns, non-paradigmatic | {
"Abkhaz": "No N-M pronouns",
"Acehnese": "No N-M pronouns",
"Acoma": "No N-M pronouns",
"Arabic (Egyptian)": "No N-M pronouns",
"Ainu": "No N-M pronouns",
"Alamblak": "No N-M pronouns",
"Amele": "No N-M pronouns",
"Amharic": "No N-M pronouns",
"Arrernte (Mparntwe)": "No N-M pronouns",
"Anêm": "No ... |
137B | M in Second Person Singular | Lexicon | Does the second person singular pronoun in the <LANGUAGE> language begin with m? | No m in second person singular; m in second person singular | {
"Abkhaz": "m in second person singular",
"Acehnese": "No m in second person singular",
"Acoma": "No m in second person singular",
"Arabic (Egyptian)": "No m in second person singular",
"Ainu": "No m in second person singular",
"Alamblak": "No m in second person singular",
"Amele": "No m in second person... |
138A | Tea | Lexicon | How is the concept of 'tea' expressed in the <LANGUAGE> language? | Words derived from Sinitic cha; Words derived from Min Nan Chinese te; Others | {
"Alabama": "Others",
"Abaza": "Words derived from Sinitic cha",
"Acehnese": "Words derived from Min Nan Chinese te",
"Arabic (Egyptian)": "Words derived from Sinitic cha",
"Afrikaans": "Words derived from Min Nan Chinese te",
"Ahtna": "Words derived from Sinitic cha",
"Albanian": "Words derived from Sin... |
139A | Irregular Negatives in Sign Languages | Sign Languages | How many irregular negative forms are there in the <LANGUAGE> language? | No irregular negatives; One irregular negative; Some irregular negatives (2-5); Many irregular negatives (more than 5) | {
"Adamorobe Sign Language": "Some irregular negatives (2-5)",
"American Sign Language": "Many irregular negatives (more than 5)",
"Auslan": "Many irregular negatives (more than 5)",
"British Sign Language": "Many irregular negatives (more than 5)",
"Chinese Sign Language": "Many irregular negatives (more tha... |
140A | Question Particles in Sign Languages | Sign Languages | Does the <LANGUAGE> language have a question particle, and if so, how many? | No question particle; One question particle; More than one question particle | {
"Adamorobe Sign Language": "No question particle",
"American Sign Language": "One question particle",
"Auslan": "No question particle",
"British Sign Language": "No question particle",
"Chinese Sign Language": "More than one question particle",
"Deutsche Gebärdensprache": "No question particle",
"Finnis... |
141A | Writing Systems | Writing Systems (Other) | Which type of writing system is used in the <LANGUAGE> language? | Alphabetic; Consonantal; Alphasyllabic; Syllabic; Logographic; Mixed logographic–syllabic | {
"Cherokee": "Syllabic",
"Chipewyan": "Alphasyllabic",
"Cree (Plains)": "Alphasyllabic",
"Inuktitut (Quebec-Labrador)": "Alphasyllabic",
"Ojibwa (Eastern)": "Alphasyllabic",
"Vai": "Syllabic"
} |
142A | Para-Linguistic Usages of Clicks | Clicks (Other) | What is the paralinguistic usage of clicks in the <LANGUAGE> language? | Clicks may express logical meanings ('yes' and/or 'no'); Clicks may express affective but not logical meanings; Clicks may express neither affective nor logical meanings | {
"Arabic (Bahrain)": "Clicks may express logical meanings ('yes' and/or 'no')",
"Arakanese (Marma)": "Clicks may express affective but not logical meanings",
"Arabic (Kormakiti)": "Clicks may express logical meanings ('yes' and/or 'no')",
"Albanian": "Clicks may express logical meanings ('yes' and/or 'no')",
... |
143A | Order of Negative Morpheme and Verb | Word Order | What is the order of the negative morpheme and the main verb in the <LANGUAGE> language? | Preverbal negative word (negative before the verb); Postverbal negative word (negative after the verb); Negative prefix on the verb; Negative suffix on the verb; Negative tone on the verb; Both preverbal and postverbal negative words occur; Preverbal negative word and negative prefix occur; Preverbal negative word and ... | {
"Arapesh (Abu)": "Postverbal negative word (negative after the verb)",
"Aari": "Negative suffix on the verb",
"Abau": "Postverbal negative word (negative after the verb)",
"Abipón": "Preverbal negative word (negative before the verb)",
"Abkhaz": "Negative prefix and negative suffix occur",
"Arabana": "Pre... |
143B | Obligatory Double Negation | Word Order | Is double negation obligatory in the <LANGUAGE> language? | Negative word before and after the verb (double negation with flanking negatives); Negative word plus negative suffix (double negation); Negative prefix plus negative word (double negation); Negative circumfix (prefix + suffix) on the verb (double negation); Negative tone with a postverbal negative word (double negatio... | {
"Abun": "Negative word before and after the verb (double negation with flanking negatives)",
"Amharic": "Negative circumfix (prefix + suffix) on the verb (double negation)",
"Ambae (Lolovoli Northeast)": "Negative word before and after the verb (double negation with flanking negatives)",
"Amanab": "Negative w... |
143C | Optional Double Negation | Word Order | Is double negation optional in the <LANGUAGE> language? | Negative word before the verb, with an optional second negative; Optional negative before a postverbal negative word; Negative word before the verb, with an optional negative element inside the verb; Optional preverbal negative with a negative suffix; Negative prefix on the verb, with an optional second negative; Optio... | {
"Adang": "Optional negative before a postverbal negative word",
"Adzera": "Negative prefix on the verb, with an optional second negative",
"Arabic (Egyptian)": "Negative word before the verb or negative circumfix",
"Amele": "Negative word before the verb, or negative suffix, or preverbal negative with negativ... |
143D | Optional Triple Negation | Word Order | Is triple negation optional in the <LANGUAGE> language? | Optional extra negative with a negative circumfix on the verb (optional triple negation); Negative suffix after the verb with an optional negative infix or prefix (optional triple negation); Double postverbal negatives or three negatives flanking the verb (optional triple negation); Either preverbal negative with negat... | {
"Doyayo": "Either preverbal negative with negative suffix, or double postverbal negatives with negative tone (optional triple negation)",
"Gunbalang": "Optional extra negative with a negative circumfix on the verb (optional triple negation)",
"Kongo": "Negative before the verb with (optional) internal negative ... |
143E | Preverbal Negative Morphemes | Word Order | Which preverbal negative morphemes are used in the <LANGUAGE> language? | Preverbal negative word; Negative prefix; Both preverbal negative word and negative prefix; No preverbal negative morpheme | {
"Arapesh (Abu)": "No preverbal negative morpheme",
"Aari": "No preverbal negative morpheme",
"Abau": "No preverbal negative morpheme",
"Abipón": "Preverbal negative word",
"Abkhaz": "Negative prefix",
"Arabana": "Preverbal negative word",
"Abun": "Preverbal negative word",
"Abui": "No preverbal negati... |
143F | Postverbal Negative Morphemes | Word Order | Which postverbal negative morphemes are used in the <LANGUAGE> language? | Postverbal negative word; Negative suffix; Both postverbal negative word and negative suffix; No postverbal negative morpheme | {
"Arapesh (Abu)": "Postverbal negative word",
"Aari": "Negative suffix",
"Abau": "Postverbal negative word",
"Abipón": "No postverbal negative morpheme",
"Abkhaz": "Negative suffix",
"Arabana": "No postverbal negative morpheme",
"Abun": "Postverbal negative word",
"Abui": "Postverbal negative word",
... |
143G | Minor morphological means of signaling negation | Word Order | What are the minor morphological means of signaling negation in the <LANGUAGE> language? | Negative tone; Negative infix; Negative stem change; No negative tone, infix or stem change | {
"Arapesh (Abu)": "No negative tone, infix or stem change",
"Aari": "No negative tone, infix or stem change",
"Abau": "No negative tone, infix or stem change",
"Abipón": "No negative tone, infix or stem change",
"Abkhaz": "No negative tone, infix or stem change",
"Arabana": "No negative tone, infix or stem... |
144A | Position of Negative Word With Respect to Subject, Object, and Verb | Word Order | Where does the negative word occur in relation to the subject, object, and verb in the <LANGUAGE> language? | Negative word before the subject in a subject-verb-object clause; Subject followed by a negative word, then verb and object; Subject followed by verb, then negative word, then object; Subject followed by verb and object, with negative word at the end; Negative word before the subject in a subject-object-verb clause; Su... | {
"Arapesh (Abu)": "Subject followed by verb and object, with negative word at the end",
"Aari": "Morphological negation only (but not double negation)",
"Abau": "Subject followed by object and verb, with negative word at the end",
"Abipón": "Other languages",
"Abkhaz": "Morphological negation only (but not d... |
144B | Position of negative words relative to beginning and end of clause and with respect to adjacency to verb | Word Order | Where is the negative word placed in the clause in the <LANGUAGE> language — at the beginning, at the end, or next to the verb? | At beginning of clause separated from verb; Preceding verb, separated from verb, but not at beginning of clause; Immediately preverbal; Immediately postverbal; Following verb, separated from verb, but not at end of clause; At end of clause, separated from verb | {
"Arapesh (Abu)": "At end of clause, separated from verb",
"Abau": "Immediately postverbal",
"Abui": "Immediately postverbal",
"Achagua": "Immediately preverbal",
"Adang": "Immediately postverbal",
"Adzera": "At end of clause, separated from verb",
"Arabic (Egyptian)": "Immediately preverbal",
"Agta (C... |
144C | Languages with different word order in negative clauses | Word Order | Does the order of subject, verb, and object change in negative clauses in the <LANGUAGE> language? | Affirmative order is verb-subject-object. In negative clauses the order is negative word-subject-verb-object; Affirmative order is subject-verb-object. In negative clauses the order is subject-negative word-object-verb; Affirmative order is subject-verb-object. In negative clauses the order is subject-object-negative w... | {
"Leggbó": "Affirmative order is subject-verb-object. In negative clauses the order is subject-object with a negative prefix on the verb",
"Bafut": "Affirmative order is subject-verb-object. In negative clauses the order is negative word-subject-negative word-object-verb",
"Barambu": "Affirmative order is subjec... |
144D | The Position of Negative Morphemes in SVO Languages | Word Order | In subject–verb–object clauses in the <LANGUAGE> language, where is the negative word placed? | Negative word before the subject; Negative word between the subject and the verb; Negative word between the verb and the object; Negative word after the object at the end of the clause; Negation expressed by a prefix on the verb; Negation expressed by a suffix on the verb; Negation expressed by tone on the verb; Affirm... | {
"Arapesh (Abu)": "Negative word after the object at the end of the clause",
"Abipón": "Negative word before the verb, but the exact position relative to subject and object is not specified",
"Abun": "Obligatory double negation",
"Achagua": "Negative word between the subject and the verb",
"Acholi": "More th... |
144E | Multiple Negative Constructions in SVO Languages | Word Order | How are sentences with more than one negative word formed in the <LANGUAGE> language? | Negative word either immediately before the verb or immediately after the verb; Negative word either before the subject or immediately before the verb; Negative word either before the subject or immediately after the verb; Negative word either immediately before the verb or clause-final after the object; Negative word ... | {
"Acholi": "Subject-verb-object order with an additional negative word before or after the verb",
"Aghem": "Negative word either immediately before the verb or immediately after the verb",
"Ajagbe": "Subject-verb-object or subject-object-verb order with an additional negative word before or after the verb",
"A... |
144F | Obligatory Double Negation in SVO languages | Word Order | Is the use of two negative words obligatory in the <LANGUAGE> language? | Negative word between subject and verb and another negative word at clause end; Negative word between subject and verb and another immediately after the verb; Negative word immediately after the verb and another at clause end; Affirmative clauses are subject-verb-object or verb-subject-object, but negative clauses have... | {
"Abun": "Negative word between subject and verb and another negative word at clause end",
"Ambae (Lolovoli Northeast)": "Negative word before the verb and another immediately after the verb/negative word before the verb and another at clause end",
"Mufian": "Subject-verb-object clauses with a negative word befo... |
144G | Optional Double Negation in SVO languages | Word Order | Is double negation optional in the <LANGUAGE> language? | Negative word between subject and verb with an optional additional clause-final negative; Optional negative word before the subject and a clause-final negative word; Optional negative word before the subject and a negative word immediately after the verb; Negative word between subject and verb with an optional negative... | {
"Adzera": "Negative prefix on the verb with an optional clause-final negative word",
"Arabic (Egyptian)": "Either a negative word between subject and verb plus a negative suffix, or a negative prefix plus a negative suffix",
"Arapesh (Mountain)": "Negative word between subject and verb with an optional addition... |
144H | NegSVO Order | Word Order | How is the order negative word–subject–verb–object realized in the <LANGUAGE> language? | Negative word before subject, verb, and object, no double negation; Negative word before subject, verb, and object, optional double negation; Negative word before subject, verb, and object, only in combination with another negative marker; Language has subject-verb-object order, but does not allow a negative word befor... | {
"Arapesh (Abu)": "Language has subject-verb-object order, but does not allow a negative word before subject, verb, and object",
"Abun": "Language has subject-verb-object order, but does not allow a negative word before subject, verb, and object",
"Achagua": "Language has subject-verb-object order, but does not ... |
144I | SNegVO Order | Word Order | How is the order subject–negative word–verb–object realized in the <LANGUAGE> language? | Separate word, no double negation; Prefix, no double negation; Separate word, optional double negation, with subject-negative word-verb-object order possible without a second negative; Prefix, optional double negation, with subject-negative word-verb-object order possible without a second negative; Separate word, only ... | {
"Arapesh (Abu)": "Subject-verb-object order is used, but subject-negative word-verb-object order does not occur",
"Abun": "Separate word, only occurs with another negative morpheme",
"Achagua": "Separate word, no double negation",
"Adioukrou": "Subject-verb-object order is used, but subject-negative word-verb... |
144J | SVNegO Order | Word Order | How is the order subject–verb–negative word–object realized in the <LANGUAGE> language? | Negative word immediately after the verb - no double negation; Negative suffix on the verb - no double negation; Negative word immediately after the verb - optional double negation; Negative suffix on the verb - optional double negation; Negative word immediately after the verb - only in combination with another negati... | {
"Arapesh (Abu)": "Language has subject-verb-object order, but does not allow a negative word immediately after the verb",
"Abipón": "Language has subject-verb-object order, but does not allow a negative word immediately after the verb",
"Abun": "Language has subject-verb-object order, but does not allow a negat... |
144K | SVONeg Order | Word Order | How is the order subject–verb–object–negative word realized in the <LANGUAGE> language? | Negative word at the end of the clause - no double negation; Negative word at the end of the clause - optional double negation; Negative word at the end of the clause - only in combination with another negative marker; Language has subject-verb-object order, but does not allow a clause-final negative word | {
"Arapesh (Abu)": "Negative word at the end of the clause - no double negation",
"Abipón": "Language has subject-verb-object order, but does not allow a clause-final negative word",
"Abun": "Negative word at the end of the clause - only in combination with another negative marker",
"Achagua": "Language has sub... |
144L | The Position of Negative Morphemes in SOV Languages | Word Order | What is the position of negative words in subject–object–verb clauses in the <LANGUAGE> language? | Negative word before the subject, object, and verb; Negative word between the subject and the object; Negative word between the object and the verb; Negative word after the verb at the end of the clause; Negative prefix on the verb, after the subject and the object; Negative suffix on the verb, after the subject and th... | {
"Aari": "Subject-verb and object-verb combinations with a negative suffix",
"Abau": "Negative word after the verb at the end of the clause",
"Abkhaz": "More than one construction with different positions of the negative word",
"Arabana": "Negative word before the verb, but exact position relative to subject a... |
144M | Multiple Negative Constructions in SOV Languages | Word Order | How are multiple negative constructions formed in subject–object–verb clauses in the <LANGUAGE> language? | Negative word between object and verb, or negative word after the verb; Negative word between subject and object, or between object and verb; Negative word before subject, object, and verb, between subject and object, or between object and verb; Negative word before subject, object, and verb, or a second-position negat... | {
"Abkhaz": "Negative prefix or negative suffix on the verb, after subject and object",
"Ajagbe": "Subject-object-verb clauses with a separate negative word or a negative affix",
"Ambulas": "Subject-object-verb clauses with a separate negative word or a negative prefix",
"Apalaí": "Negative suffix on the verb a... |
144N | Obligatory Double Negation in SOV languages | Word Order | In subject–object–verb clauses in the <LANGUAGE> language, is double negation obligatory? | Negative word between object and verb plus another clause-final negative word; Affirmative clauses have subject-verb-object order, but negative clauses have subject-negative word-verb-object with double negation; Clause-initial negative word plus negative suffix on the verb; Negative word between object and verb plus n... | {
"Amharic": "Verb marked with both a negative prefix and a negative suffix",
"Amanab": "Subject-object-verb clauses with a separate negative word and a negative suffix on the verb",
"Anamuxra": "Subject-verb and object-verb combinations with a negative suffix",
"Araona": "Subject-verb and object-verb combinati... |
144O | Optional Double Negation in SOV languages | Word Order | In subject–object–verb clauses in the <LANGUAGE> language, is double negation optional? | Clause-initial negative word plus an optional clause-final negative word; Optional clause-initial negative word and a clause-final negative word; Negative word between subject and object with an optional clause-final negative word; Negative word between subject and object plus an optional negative suffix on the verb; N... | {
"Adang": "Optional clause-initial negative word and a clause-final negative word",
"Amele": "Negative word between subject and object combined with a verb carrying a negative affix",
"Ao": "Verb marked with both a negative prefix and a negative suffix",
"Belhare": "Subject-verb and object-verb combinations wi... |
144P | NegSOV Order | Word Order | In subject–object–verb clauses in the <LANGUAGE> language, does a negative word occur before the subject? | Negative word before the subject - no double negation; Negative word before the subject - optional double negation; Negative word before the subject - only in combination with another negative marker; Language has subject-object-verb order, but does not allow a negative word before the subject | {
"Abau": "Language has subject-object-verb order, but does not allow a negative word before the subject",
"Abkhaz": "Language has subject-object-verb order, but does not allow a negative word before the subject",
"Abui": "Language has subject-object-verb order, but does not allow a negative word before the subje... |
144Q | SNegOV Order | Word Order | In subject–object–verb clauses in the <LANGUAGE> language, does a negative word occur between the subject and the object? | Negative word between the subject and the object - no double negation; Negative word between the subject and the object - optional double negation; Negative word between the subject and the object - only in combination with another negative marker; Language has subject-object-verb order, but does not allow a negative w... | {
"Abau": "Language has subject-object-verb order, but does not allow a negative word between the subject and the object",
"Abkhaz": "Language has subject-object-verb order, but does not allow a negative word between the subject and the object",
"Abui": "Language has subject-object-verb order, but does not allow ... |
144R | SONegV Order | Word Order | In subject–object–verb clauses in the <LANGUAGE> language, does a negative word occur between the object and the verb? | Negative word between the object and the verb - no double negation; Negative prefix on the verb following the object - no double negation; Negative word between the object and the verb - optional double negation; Negative prefix on the verb following the object - optional double negation; Negative word between the obje... | {
"Abau": "Language has subject-object-verb order, but does not allow a negative word between the object and the verb",
"Abkhaz": "Negative prefix on the verb following the object - no double negation",
"Abui": "Language has subject-object-verb order, but does not allow a negative word between the object and the ... |
144S | SOVNeg Order | Word Order | In subject–object–verb clauses in the <LANGUAGE> language, does a negative word occur after the verb? | Negative word after the verb with no double negation; Negative suffix on the verb with no double negation; Negative word after the verb with optional double negation; Negative suffix on the verb with optional double negation; Negative word after the verb only in combination with another negative marker; Negative suffix... | {
"Abau": "Negative word after the verb with no double negation",
"Abkhaz": "Negative suffix on the verb with no double negation",
"Arabana": "Language has subject-object-verb order but does not allow a negative word after the verb",
"Abui": "Negative word after the verb with no double negation",
"Adang": "Ne... |
144T | The Position of Negative Morphemes in Verb-Initial Languages | Word Order | In verb-initial clauses in the <LANGUAGE> language, what is the position of negative morphemes? | Negative word before the verb, subject, and object; Negative word between the verb and the subject; Negative word between the subject and the object; Negative word before the verb and object, with the subject following; Negative word before the verb-subject-object sequence or before the verb-object-subject sequence; Ne... | {
"Agta (Central)": "Negative word before the verb, subject, and object",
"Agta (Dupaningan)": "Negative word before the verb, subject, and object",
"Alsea": "Negative word before the verb, before the subject, and before the object",
"Arabic (Moroccan)": "Verb-initial clauses with obligatory double negation",
... |
144U | Double negation in verb-initial languages | Word Order | Is double negation present in the <LANGUAGE> language? | Negative word before the verb and another negative word between the verb and the subject; Negative word before the verb and another negative word between the verb and the object; Negative word before the verb and another negative word after the subject; Two negative words before the verb-subject-object sequence; Negati... | {
"Arabic (Moroccan)": "Negative affix surrounding the verb, with additional negative words before the subject and the object",
"Anindilyakwa": "Verb-subject and verb-object orders with a negative affix surrounding the verb",
"Barambu": "Negative prefix on the verb plus final negative word in subject-object order... |
144V | Verb-Initial with Preverbal Negative | Word Order | What is the position of the preverbal negative in the <LANGUAGE> language? | Separate negative word before the verb, no double negation; Negative prefix on the verb, no double negation; Separate negative word before the verb, optional single or double negation, possible without a second negative; Negative prefix on the verb, optional double negation, possible without a second negative; Separate... | {
"Agta (Central)": "Separate negative word before the verb, no double negation",
"Agta (Dupaningan)": "Separate negative word before the verb, no double negation",
"Alsea": "Separate negative word before the verb, no double negation",
"Arabic (Moroccan)": "Negative prefix on the verb, only occurs with another ... |
144W | Verb-Initial with Negative that is Immediately Postverbal or between Subject and Object | Word Order | What is the verb-initial order with a negative that is immediately postverbal or between subject and object in the <LANGUAGE> language? | Negative suffix on the verb, no double negation; Separate negative word immediately after the verb, only occurs with another negative morpheme; Negative suffix on the verb, optional double negation, possible without a second negative; Negative suffix on the verb, only occurs with another negative morpheme; Separate neg... | {
"Agta (Central)": "Verb-initial language where neither an immediately postverbal negative nor a negative between subject and object occurs",
"Agta (Dupaningan)": "Verb-initial language where neither an immediately postverbal negative nor a negative between subject and object occurs",
"Alsea": "Verb-initial lang... |
144X | Verb-Initial with Clause-Final Negative | Word Order | What is the verb-initial order with a clause-final negative in the <LANGUAGE> language? | Separate negative word at the end of the clause, no double negation; Separate negative word at the end of the clause, optional double negation, possible without a second negative; Separate negative word at the end of the clause, only occurs with another negative morpheme; Verb-initial language where a clause-final nega... | {
"Agta (Central)": "Verb-initial language where a clause-final negative does not occur",
"Agta (Dupaningan)": "Verb-initial language where a clause-final negative does not occur",
"Alsea": "Verb-initial language where a clause-final negative does not occur",
"Arabic (Moroccan)": "Verb-initial language where a ... |
144Y | The Position of Negative Morphemes in Object-Initial Languages | Word Order | What is the position of negative morphemes in the object-initial <LANGUAGE> language? | Negative word between the object and the subject; Negative word between the object and the verb; Negative word after the verb in object-subject-verb order; Negative suffix on the verb in object-verb-subject order; Negative morpheme within the verb in object-subject-verb order; Negative infix on the verb in object-verb-... | {
"Apalaí": "Negative suffix on the verb in object-verb-subject or subject-object-verb order",
"Asuriní": "Negative infix on the verb in object-verb-subject order",
"Cubeo": "Negative suffix on the verb in object-verb-subject order",
"Hixkaryana": "Negative suffix on the verb in object-verb-subject order",
"K... |
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