Instruction datasets for Benchmark
Collection
28 items • Updated
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In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Torsade de pointes ventricular tachy... | Torsade de pointes ventricular tachycardia during low dose intermittent <span class="chemical">dobutamine</span> treatment in a patient with dilated cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The authors describe the case of a 5... | The authors describe the case of a 56 - year - old woman with chronic , severe heart failure secondary to dilated cardiomyopathy and absence of significant ventricular arrhythmias who developed QT prolongation and torsade de pointes ventricular tachycardia during one cycle of intermittent low dose ( 2 . 5 mcg / kg per ... |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: This report of torsade de pointes ve... | This report of torsade de pointes ventricular tachycardia during intermittent <span class="chemical">dobutamine</span> supports the hypothesis that unpredictable fatal arrhythmias may occur even with low doses and in patients with no history of significant rhythm disturbances . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The mechanisms of proarrhythmic effe... | The mechanisms of proarrhythmic effects of <span class="chemical">Dubutamine</span> are discussed . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Positive skin tests in late reaction... | Positive skin tests in late reactions to radiographic <span class="chemical">contrast media</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: In the last few years delayed reacti... | In the last few years delayed reactions several hours after the injection of radiographic and <span class="chemical">contrast materials</span> ( <span class="chemical">PRC</span> ) have been described with increasing frequency . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The authors report two observations ... | The authors report two observations on patients with delayed reactions in whom intradermoreactions ( IDR ) and patch tests to a series of ionic and non ionic <span class="chemical">PRC</span> were studied . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: After angiography by the venous rout... | After angiography by the venous route in patient n degree 1 a biphasic reaction with an immediate reaction ( dyspnea , loss of consciousness ) and delayed macro - papular rash appeared , whilst patient n degree 2 developed a generalised sensation of heat , persistent pain at the site of injection immediately and a gene... |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The skin tests revealed positive del... | The skin tests revealed positive delayed reactions of 24 hours and 48 hours by IDR and patch tests to only some <span class="chemical">PRC</span> with common chains in their structures . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The positive skin tests are in favou... | The positive skin tests are in favour of immunological reactions and may help in diagnosis of allergy in the patients . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Risk of transient hyperammonemic enc... | Risk of transient hyperammonemic encephalopathy in cancer patients who received continuous infusion of <span class="chemical">5 - fluorouracil</span> with the complication of dehydration and infection . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: From 1986 to 1998 , 29 cancer patien... | From 1986 to 1998 , 29 cancer patients who had 32 episodes of transient hyperammonemic encephalopathy related to continuous infusion of <span class="chemical">5 - fluorouracil</span> ( <span class="chemical">5 - FU</span> ) were identified . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: None of the patients had decompensat... | None of the patients had decompensated liver disease . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Onset of hyperammonemic encephalopat... | Onset of hyperammonemic encephalopathy varied from 0 . 5 to 5 days ( mean : 2 . 6 + / - 1 . 3 days ) after the initiation of chemotherapy . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Plasma ammonium level ranged from 24... | Plasma <span class="chemical">ammonium</span> level ranged from 248 to 2387 microg % ( mean : 626 + / - 431 microg % ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Among the 32 episodes , 26 ( 81 % ) ... | Among the 32 episodes , 26 ( 81 % ) had various degrees of azotemia , 18 ( 56 % ) occurred during bacterial infections and 14 ( 44 % ) without infection occurred during periods of dehydration . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Higher plasma ammonium levels and mo... | Higher plasma <span class="chemical">ammonium</span> levels and more rapid onset of hyperammonemia were seen in 18 patients with bacterial infections ( p = 0 . 003 and 0 . 0006 , respectively ) and in nine patients receiving high daily doses ( 2600 or 1800 mg / m2 ) of <span class="chemical">5 - FU</span> ( p = 0 . 000... |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: In 25 out of 32 episodes ( 78 % ) , ... | In 25 out of 32 episodes ( 78 % ) , plasma <span class="chemical">ammonium</span> levels and mental status returned to normal within 2 days after adequate management . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: In conclusion , hyperammonemic encep... | In conclusion , hyperammonemic encephalopathy can occur in patients receiving continuous infusion of <span class="chemical">5 - FU</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Azotemia , body fluid insufficiency ... | Azotemia , body fluid insufficiency and bacterial infections were frequently found in these patients . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: It is therefore important to recogni... | It is therefore important to recognize this condition in patients receiving continuous infusion of <span class="chemical">5 - FU</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The effects of quinine and 4 - amino... | The effects of <span class="chemical">quinine</span> and <span class="chemical">4 - aminopyridine</span> on conditioned place preference and changes in motor activity induced by <span class="chemical">morphine</span> in rats . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: 1 .
### Output Text: | 1 . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The effects of two unselective potas... | The effects of two unselective <span class="chemical">potassium</span> ( <span class="chemical">K</span> ( + ) - ) channel blockers , <span class="chemical">quinine</span> ( 12 . 5 , 25 and 50 mg / kg ) and <span class="chemical">4 - aminopyridine</span> ( 1 and 2 mg / kg ) , on conditioned place preference and biphasi... |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Quinine is known to block voltage - ... | <span class="chemical">Quinine</span> is known to block voltage - , <span class="chemical">calcium</span> - and <span class="chemical">ATP</span> - sensitive <span class="chemical">K</span> ( + ) - channels while <span class="chemical">4 - aminopyridine</span> is known to block voltage - sensitive <span class="chemical... |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: 2 .
### Output Text: | 2 . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: In the counterbalanced method , quin... | In the counterbalanced method , <span class="chemical">quinine</span> attenuated <span class="chemical">morphine</span> - induced place preference , whereas <span class="chemical">4 - aminopyridine</span> was ineffective . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: In the motor activity test measured ... | In the motor activity test measured with an Animex - activity meter neither of the <span class="chemical">K</span> ( + ) - channel blockers affected <span class="chemical">morphine</span> - induced hypoactivity , but both <span class="chemical">K</span> ( + ) - channel blockers prevented <span class="chemical">morphine... |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: 3 .
### Output Text: | 3 . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: These results suggest the involvemen... | These results suggest the involvement of <span class="chemical">quinine</span> - sensitive but not <span class="chemical">4 - aminopyridine</span> - sensitive <span class="chemical">K</span> ( + ) - channels in <span class="chemical">morphine</span> reward . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: It is also suggested that the blocka... | It is also suggested that the blockade of <span class="chemical">K</span> ( + ) - channels sensitive to these blockers is not sufficient to prevent <span class="chemical">morphine</span> - induced hypoactivity whereas <span class="chemical">morphine</span> - induced hyperactivity seems to be connected to both <span cla... |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Nociceptin / orphanin FQ and nocista... | <span class="chemical">Nociceptin</span> / <span class="chemical">orphanin FQ</span> and <span class="chemical">nocistatin</span> on learning and memory impairment induced by <span class="chemical">scopolamine</span> in mice . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: 1 .
### Output Text: | 1 . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Nociceptin , also known as orphanin ... | <span class="chemical">Nociceptin</span> , also known as <span class="chemical">orphanin FQ</span> , is an endogenous ligand for the orphan opioid receptor - like receptor 1 ( ORL1 ) and involves in various functions in the central nervous system ( CNS ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: On the other hand , nocistatin is re... | On the other hand , <span class="chemical">nocistatin</span> is recently isolated from the same precursor as <span class="chemical">nociceptin</span> and blocks <span class="chemical">nociceptin</span> - induced allodynia and hyperalgesia . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: 2 .
### Output Text: | 2 . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Although ORL1 receptors which displa... | Although ORL1 receptors which display a high degree of sequence homology with classical opioid receptors are abundant in the hippocampus , little is known regarding their role in learning and memory . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: 3 .
### Output Text: | 3 . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The present study was designed to in... | The present study was designed to investigate whether <span class="chemical">nociceptin</span> / <span class="chemical">orphanin FQ</span> and <span class="chemical">nocistatin</span> could modulate impairment of learning and memory induced by <span class="chemical">scopolamine</span> , a muscarinic cholinergic recepto... |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: 4 .
### Output Text: | 4 . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: While nocistatin ( 0 . 5 - 5 . 0 nmo... | While <span class="chemical">nocistatin</span> ( 0 . 5 - 5 . 0 nmol mouse - 1 , i . c . v . ) administered 30 min before spontaneous alternation performance or the training session of the passive avoidance task , had no effect on spontaneous alternation or passive avoidance behaviours , a lower per cent alternation and... |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: 5 .
### Output Text: | 5 . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Administration of nocistatin ( 1 . 5... | Administration of <span class="chemical">nocistatin</span> ( 1 . 5 and / or 5 . 0 nmol mouse - 1 , i . c . v . ) 30 min before spontaneous alternation performance or the training session of the passive avoidance task , attenuated the <span class="chemical">scopolamine</span> - induced impairment of spontaneous alternat... |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: 6 .
### Output Text: | 6 . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: These results indicated that nocista... | These results indicated that <span class="chemical">nocistatin</span> , a new biologically active peptide , ameliorates impairments of spontaneous alternation and passive avoidance induced by <span class="chemical">scopolamine</span> , and suggested that these peptides play opposite roles in learning and memory . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Meloxicam - induced liver toxicity .... | <span class="chemical">Meloxicam</span> - induced liver toxicity . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: We report the case of a female patie... | We report the case of a female patient with rheumatoid arthritis who developed acute cytolytic hepatitis due to <span class="chemical">meloxicam</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Recently introduced in Belgium , mel... | Recently introduced in Belgium , <span class="chemical">meloxicam</span> is the first nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug with selective action on the inducible form of cyclooxygenase 2 . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The acute cytolytic hepatitis occurr... | The acute cytolytic hepatitis occurred rapidly after <span class="chemical">meloxicam</span> administration and was associated with the development of antinuclear antibodies suggesting a hypersensitivity mechanism . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: This first case of meloxicam related... | This first case of <span class="chemical">meloxicam</span> related liver toxicity demonstrates the potential of this drug to induce hepatic damage . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Induction of apoptosis by remoxiprid... | Induction of apoptosis by <span class="chemical">remoxipride</span> metabolites in HL60 and CD34 + / CD19 - human bone marrow progenitor cells : potential relevance to <span class="chemical">remoxipride</span> - induced aplastic anemia . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The antipsychotic agent , remoxiprid... | The antipsychotic agent , <span class="chemical">remoxipride</span> [ <span class="chemical">( S ) - ( - ) - 3 - bromo - N - [ ( 1 - ethyl - 2 - pyrrolidinyl ) methyl ] - 2 , 6 - dimethoxybenz amide</span> ] has been associated with acquired aplastic anemia . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: We have examined the ability of remo... | We have examined the ability of <span class="chemical">remoxipride</span> , three <span class="chemical">pyrrolidine</span> ring metabolites and five aromatic ring metabolites of the parent compound to induce apoptosis in HL60 cells and human bone marrow progenitor ( HBMP ) cells . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Cells were treated for 0 - 24 h with... | Cells were treated for 0 - 24 h with each compound ( 0 - 200 microM ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Apoptosis was assessed by fluorescen... | Apoptosis was assessed by fluorescence microscopy in <span class="chemical">Hoechst 33342</span> - and <span class="chemical">propidium iodide</span> stained cell samples . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Results were confirmed by determinat... | Results were confirmed by determination of internucleosomal DNA fragmentation using gel electrophoresis for HL60 cell samples and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase assay in HBMP cells . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The catechol and hydroquinone metabo... | The <span class="chemical">catechol</span> and <span class="chemical">hydroquinone</span> metabolites , <span class="chemical">NCQ436</span> and <span class="chemical">NCQ344</span> , induced apoptosis in HL60 and HBMP cells in a time - and concentration dependent manner , while the <span class="chemical">phenols</span... |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: No necrosis was observed in cells tr... | No necrosis was observed in cells treated with <span class="chemical">NCQ436</span> but <span class="chemical">NCQ344</span> had a biphasic effect in both cell types , inducing apoptosis at lower concentrations and necrosis at higher concentrations . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: These data show that the catechol an... | These data show that the <span class="chemical">catechol</span> and <span class="chemical">hydroquinone</span> metabolites of <span class="chemical">remoxipride</span> have direct toxic effects in HL60 and HBMP cells , leading to apoptosis , while the <span class="chemical">phenol</span> metabolites were inactive . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Similarly , benzene - derived catech... | Similarly , <span class="chemical">benzene</span> - derived <span class="chemical">catechol</span> and <span class="chemical">hydroquinone</span> , but not <span class="chemical">phenol</span> , induce apoptosis in HBMP cells [ Moran et al . , Mol . Pharmacol . , 50 ( 1996 ) 610 - 615 ] . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: We propose that remoxipride and benz... | We propose that <span class="chemical">remoxipride</span> and <span class="chemical">benzene</span> may induce aplastic anemia via production of similar reactive metabolites and that the ability of <span class="chemical">NCQ436</span> and <span class="chemical">NCQ344</span> to induce apoptosis in HBMP cells may contri... |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Synthesis and preliminary pharmacolo... | Synthesis and preliminary pharmacological investigations of <span class="chemical">1 - ( 1 , 2 - dihydro - 2 - acenaphthylenyl ) piperazine</span> derivatives as potential atypical antipsychotic agents in mice . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: In research towards the development ... | In research towards the development of new atypical antipsychotic agents , one strategy is that the dopaminergic system can be modulated through manipulation of the serotonergic system . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The synthesis and preliminary pharma... | The synthesis and preliminary pharmacological evaluation of a series of potential atypical antipsychotic agents based on the structure of <span class="chemical">1 - ( 1 , 2 - dihydro - 2 - acenaphthylenyl ) piperazine</span> ( 7 ) is described . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Compound 7e , 5 - { 2 - [ 4 - ( 1 , ... | Compound 7e , <span class="chemical">5 - { 2 - [ 4 - ( 1 , 2 - dihydro - 2 - acenaphthylenyl ) piperazinyl ] ethyl } - 2 , 3 - dihy dro - 1H - indol - 2 - one</span> , from this series showed significant affinities at the 5 - HT1A and 5 - HT2A receptors and moderate affinity at the D2 receptor . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: 7e exhibits a high reversal of catal... | 7e exhibits a high reversal of catalepsy induced by <span class="chemical">haloperidol</span> indicating its atypical antipsychotic nature . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Sub - chronic inhibition of nitric -... | Sub - chronic inhibition of <span class="chemical">nitric - oxide</span> synthesis modifies <span class="chemical">haloperidol</span> - induced catalepsy and the number of <span class="chemical">NADPH</span> - diaphorase neurons in mice . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: RATIONALE : NG - nitro - L - arginin... | RATIONALE : <span class="chemical">NG - nitro - L - arginine</span> ( <span class="chemical">L - NOARG</span> ) , an inhibitor of <span class="chemical">nitric - oxide</span> synthase ( NOS ) , induces catalepsy in mice . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: This effect undergoes rapid toleranc... | This effect undergoes rapid tolerance , showing a significant decrease after 2 days of sub - chronic <span class="chemical">L - NOARG</span> treatment . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Nitric oxide ( NO ) has been shown t... | <span class="chemical">Nitric oxide</span> ( <span class="chemical">NO</span> ) has been shown to influence dopaminergic neurotransmission in the striatum . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Neuroleptic drugs such as haloperido... | Neuroleptic drugs such as <span class="chemical">haloperidol</span> , which block <span class="chemical">dopamine</span> receptors , also cause catalepsy in rodents . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: OBJECTIVES : To investigate the effe... | OBJECTIVES : To investigate the effects of subchronic <span class="chemical">L - NOARG</span> treatment in <span class="chemical">haloperidol</span> - induced catalepsy and the number of NOS neurons in areas related to motor control . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: METHODS : Male albino Swiss mice wer... | METHODS : Male albino Swiss mice were treated sub - chronically ( twice a day for 4 days ) with <span class="chemical">L - NOARG</span> ( 40 mg / kg i . p . ) or <span class="chemical">haloperidol</span> ( 1 mg / kg i . p . ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Catalepsy was evaluated at the begin... | Catalepsy was evaluated at the beginning and the end of the treatments . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucle... | Reduced <span class="chemical">nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate</span> - diaphorase ( <span class="chemical">NADPH</span> - d ) histochemistry was also employed to visualize NOS as an index of enzyme expression in mice brain regions related to motor control . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: RESULTS : L - NOARG sub - chronic ad... | RESULTS : <span class="chemical">L - NOARG</span> sub - chronic administration produced tolerance of <span class="chemical">L - NOARG</span> and of <span class="chemical">haloperidol</span> - induced catalepsy . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: It also induced an increase in the n... | It also induced an increase in the number of <span class="chemical">NADPH</span> - d - positive cells in the dorsal part of the caudate and accumbens nuclei compared with <span class="chemical">haloperidol</span> and in the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus compared with saline . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: In contrast , there was a decrease i... | In contrast , there was a decrease in <span class="chemical">NADPH</span> - d neuron number in the substantia nigra , pars compacta in both <span class="chemical">haloperidol</span> - treated and <span class="chemical">L - NOARG</span> - treated animals . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: CONCLUSIONS : The results give furth... | CONCLUSIONS : The results give further support to the hypothesis that <span class="chemical">NO</span> plays a role in motor behavior control and suggest that it may take part in the synaptic changes produced by antipsychotic treatment . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Prolonged left ventricular dysfuncti... | Prolonged left ventricular dysfunction occurs in patients with coronary artery disease after both <span class="chemical">dobutamine</span> and exercise induced myocardial ischaemia . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: OBJECTIVE : To determine whether pha... | OBJECTIVE : To determine whether pharmacological stress leads to prolonged but reversible left ventricular dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease , similar to that seen after exercise . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: DESIGN : A randomised crossover stud... | DESIGN : A randomised crossover study of recovery time of systolic and diastolic left ventricular function after exercise and <span class="chemical">dobutamine</span> induced ischaemia . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: SUBJECTS : 10 patients with stable a... | SUBJECTS : 10 patients with stable angina , angiographically proven coronary artery disease , and normal left ventricular function . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: INTERVENTIONS : Treadmill exercise a... | INTERVENTIONS : Treadmill exercise and <span class="chemical">dobutamine</span> stress were performed on different days . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Quantitative assessment of systolic ... | Quantitative assessment of systolic and diastolic left ventricular function was performed using transthoracic echocardiography at baseline and at regular intervals after each test . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: RESULTS : Both forms of stress led t... | RESULTS : Both forms of stress led to prolonged but reversible systolic and diastolic dysfunction . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: There was no difference in the maxim... | There was no difference in the maximum double product ( p = 0 . 53 ) or ST depression ( p = 0 . 63 ) with either form of stress . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: After exercise , ejection fraction w... | After exercise , ejection fraction was reduced at 15 and 30 minutes compared with baseline ( mean ( SEM ) , - 5 . 6 ( 1 . 5 ) % , p < 0 . 05 ; and - 6 . 1 ( 2 . 2 ) % , p < 0 . 01 ) , and at 30 and 45 minutes after <span class="chemical">dobutamine</span> ( - 10 . 8 ( 1 . 8 ) % and - 5 . 5 ( 1 . 8 ) % , both p < 0 . 01... |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Regional analysis showed a reduction... | Regional analysis showed a reduction in the worst affected segment 15 and 30 minutes after exercise ( - 27 . 9 ( 7 . 2 ) % and - 28 . 6 ( 5 . 7 ) % , both p < 0 . 01 ) , and at 30 minutes after <span class="chemical">dobutamine</span> ( - 32 ( 5 . 3 ) % , p < 0 . 01 ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The isovolumic relaxation period was... | The isovolumic relaxation period was prolonged 45 minutes after each form of stress ( p < 0 . 05 ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: CONCLUSIONS : In patients with coron... | CONCLUSIONS : In patients with coronary artery disease , <span class="chemical">dobutamine</span> induced ischaemia results in prolonged reversible left ventricular dysfunction , presumed to be myocardial stunning , similar to that seen after exercise . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Dobutamine induced ischaemia could t... | <span class="chemical">Dobutamine</span> induced ischaemia could therefore be used to study the pathophysiology of this phenomenon further in patients with coronary artery disease . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Anorexigens and pulmonary hypertensi... | Anorexigens and pulmonary hypertension in the United States : results from the surveillance of North American pulmonary hypertension . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: BACKGROUND : The use of appetite sup... | BACKGROUND : The use of appetite suppressants in Europe has been associated with the development of primary pulmonary hypertension ( PPH ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Recently , fenfluramine appetite sup... | Recently , <span class="chemical">fenfluramine</span> appetite suppressants became widely used in the United States but were withdrawn in September 1997 because of concerns over adverse effects . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: MATERIALS AND METHODS : We conducted... | MATERIALS AND METHODS : We conducted a prospective surveillance study on patients diagnosed with pulmonary hypertension at 12 large referral centers in North America . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Data collected on patients seen from... | Data collected on patients seen from September 1 , 1996 , to December 31 , 1997 , included the cause of the pulmonary hypertension and its severity . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Patients with no identifiable cause ... | Patients with no identifiable cause of pulmonary hypertension were classed as PPH . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: A history of drug exposure also was ... | A history of drug exposure also was taken with special attention on the use of antidepressants , anorexigens , and <span class="chemical">amphetamines</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: RESULTS : Five hundred seventy - nin... | RESULTS : Five hundred seventy - nine patients were studied , 205 with PPH and 374 with pulmonary hypertension from other causes ( secondary pulmonary hypertension [ SPH ] ) . |
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