Split (3)

train · 1k rows

id stringlengths 5 7	query stringlengths 4.64k 8.32k	answer stringlengths 392 2.53k
PLOS700	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Genetic association studies are usually conducted on phenotypes measured at the scale of whole tissues or individuals, and not at the scale of individual cells. However, some common traits, such as cancer, can result from a minority of cells that adopted a special behavior. From one individual to another, DNA variants ...
PLOS701	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Chronic exposure to environmental stressors throughout life (“the exposome”) has been tied to several cancers in humans. Cellular adaptation to stress is essential to ensure organismal survival, and NRF2 is an exceptionally well-studied and key determinant of cellular stress responses that plays complex roles in cancer...
PLOS702	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	We measured human eye color to hue and saturation values from high-resolution, digital, full-eye photographs of several thousand Dutch Europeans. This quantitative approach, which is extremely cost-effective, portable, and time efficient, revealed that human eye color varies along more dimensions than the one represent...
PLOS703	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	The East African region is a major epizootic center for endemic and emerging mosquito borne-arboviruses such as Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), as evidenced by the increasing frequency and magnitude of this disease. The absence of vaccines or prophylactic drugs for most of these diseases emphasizes the need for accurat...
PLOS704	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Scabies, a parasitic infection, and impetigo, a superficial bacterial infection, are treatable skin conditions found most commonly in resource-limited settings. Scabies is strongly associated with impetigo. Complications of impetigo include sepsis and invasive infections, and post-infective complications such as acute ...
PLOS705	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Leptospirosis is an important worldwide zoonotic disease, particularly in tropical and subtropical countries. The infection in humans is caused by either direct contact with products of infected animals, mainly urine, or by indirect contact via a contaminated environment. The animal hosts are thus considered reservoirs...
PLOS706	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Mosquito-borne diseases such as dengue and malaria impose a global burden with recurrent outbreaks. Recently, emergence of arboviral diseases caused by Zika and chikungunya viruses has also become a global concern. Knowledge about the ecology of mosquito populations under natural conditions may provide significant aid ...
PLOS707	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	The nonsense-mediated mRNA decay pathway is responsible for rapidly degrading mRNAs with premature termination codons. This is important because it prevents the production of potentially deleterious truncated proteins from aberrant mRNAs, such as those that have undergone erroneous processing. How does the cell discrim...
PLOS708	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Many biological systems require precise positional information to function correctly. Examples include positioning of the site of cell division and determination of cell fate during embryonic development. This positional information often is encoded in concentration gradients. A specific protein is produced only within...
PLOS709	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is among the leading causes of disability among tropical diseases and is caused by a mosquito-transmitted parasite but can be prevented using mass drug therapy and vector-control. In recent years, an international effort has been mounted to eliminate LF. In order to focus limited resources on ...
PLOS710	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	In the event of an influenza pandemic which has high mortality and the potential to spread rapidly, such as the 1918–19 pandemic, there are a number of non-pharmaceutical public health control options available to reduce transmission in the community and mitigate the effects of the pandemic. These include reducing soci...
PLOS711	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Despite the threat posed by Rift Valley fever (RVF), poor understanding of the disease epidemiology exists with respect to vector population structure in relation to differential outbreak patterns and future vector genetic control. Here, nuclear and mtDNA data reveal genetic complexities of RVF key vectors (Aedes mcint...
PLOS712	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Signaling via the Notch pathway conveys important information that helps to shape tissues and, when misused, contributes to diseases. Cells respond to the Notch signal by changing which genes are transcribed. Most previous studies have looked at changes in gene activity at a single time point, long after the start of s...
PLOS713	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Understanding the interactions between viruses and their hosts allows manipulation of primate lentiviruses and the generation of better animal models for HIV/AIDS. Species-dependent differences in cellular proteins that play key roles in virus replication, such as the primary HIV-1 receptor CD4, can limit virus tropism...
PLOS714	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	There are several mechanisms by which bacteria acquire exogenous DNA. Sometimes this genetic material is advantageous for bacterial cells, for example, by making them resistant to antibiotics. Other times, foreign DNA has genes that are deleterious to the new host. Bacteria have mechanisms for helping to silence exogen...
PLOS715	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Homeobox (HOX) genes are known to be under epigenetic control during development. Here, we report that two mouse X-linked homeobox genes implicated in reproduction, Rhox6 and 9, are activated by the histone demethylase KDM6A that removes methylation at lysine 27 of histone H3. Kdm6a is one in a small group of genes tha...
PLOS716	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	The molecular mechanisms of self-fertility (homothallism) vary enormously among fungal species. We previously found that in the yeast Ogataea polymorpha, homothallism is achieved by a novel mating-type switching mechanism that exchanges the locations of MATa and MATα genes between expression and repression contexts. Sw...
PLOS717	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Viral capsids facilitate protection of the enclosed viral genome and participate in the intracellular transport of the genome. At the site of replication capsids have to release the genome, but after replication new capsids have to be assembled for encapsidation of the progeny genomes. Detailed data on stability of cap...
PLOS718	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	We have investigated mechanisms of how the soil nematode Caenorhabditis elegans interacts with pathogenic bacteria. Previously, we have established that a conserved PMK-1 p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway regulates immunity in C. elegans, establishing the conservation of key innate immune signaling pa...
PLOS719	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	CD8 T cells are vital for controlling infections with viruses, intracellular bacteria and protozoa. Induction of T and B cell memory is the basis of vaccinations and cellular immunity to intracellular pathogens depends upon the number and quality of memory CD8 T cells. Understanding the mechanisms that control various ...
PLOS720	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Malaria parasites are carried from host to host by blood-feeding insects, a process that requires some portion of the parasite population to develop into transmission forms that cannot replicate within the current host. The fraction of parasites specialized for transmission instead of replication (transmission investme...
PLOS721	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Dorsal closure of the Drosophila embryo is used as a paradigm to study epithelial sealing and is related to wound healing. This vital process relies on the dorsal migration of the two lateral ectodermal sheets and is necessary for the protective epidermis to completely envelop the embryo. The row of cells located at th...
PLOS722	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Once prions consisting mainly of PrPSc infect hosts, they constitutively propagate in their brains. Progressive production of PrPSc through the constitutive conformational conversion of PrPC into PrPSc underlies prion propagation. However, the mechanism enabling progressive production of PrPSc in prion-infected cells r...
PLOS723	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Brucella melitensis is an intracellular bacterium that invades and replicates within macrophages and dendritic cells. With over 500,000 new infections per year, brucellosis is the most prevalent zoonosis worldwide and incurs significant human morbidity and economic loss. The intracellular location of Brucella renders t...
PLOS724	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) in West Africa is a lethal, neglected disease caused by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense transmitted by the tsetse fly Glossina palpalis gambiensis. Although the littoral part of Guinea with its typical mangrove habitat is the most prevalent area in West Africa, very few data are availab...
PLOS725	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	River blindness is caused by a very tiny, thread-like worm. The disease is better controlled when affected communities are included in the planning and carrying out of distribution of Ivermectin used to treat the disease. For a community to be able to prevent people from getting this disease, members must take Ivermect...
PLOS726	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Rabies is a preventable disease–but is still responsible for approximately 70,000 human deaths worldwide each year. The majority of human deaths occur in Asia and Africa where there is a lack of diagnostic resources and expertise, making it difficult to develop effective prevention and control strategies. In recent yea...
PLOS727	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a complex autoimmune disease affecting >30 million people worldwide. It is caused by a combination of genetic and non-genetic factors, leading to destruction of insulin-secreting cells. Although significant progress has recently been made in elucidating the genetics of T1D, the non-genetic comp...
PLOS728	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	The fusion of gamete plasma membranes is the fundamental cellular event that brings two parental cells together to form a new individual, yet we know surprisingly little about this process at the molecular level. HAPLESS 2 (HAP2) is a conserved sperm plasma membrane protein that is essential for gamete fusion in a dive...
PLOS729	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Reproductive cell formation relies on a nuclear division cycle called meiosis, wherein two homologous sets of chromosomes are reduced to one. At the crux of (and critically required for) meiotic chromosome segregation is a transient association between homologous chromosomes established by a crossover recombination eve...
PLOS730	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	The information carried by natural sounds enters the cortex of mammals in a specific format: the cochleagram. Instead of representing the original pressure waveforms, the inner ear represents how the energy in a sound is distributed across frequency bands and how the energy distribution evolves over time. The generatio...
PLOS731	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Departing from the most influential model of episodic memory (the two-streams hypothesis), we have recently proposed a new concept of information processing in the hippocampus according to which “what” one remembers and “where” it happens might be processed by distinct subnetworks segregated along the proximodistal axi...
PLOS732	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	All Gram negative species of bacteria, including those that cause significant disease, release small vesicles from their cell membrane. These vesicles deliver toxins and other virulence factors to host cells during infection. Current methods for studying host cell entry are limited due to the nanometer size and rapid u...
PLOS733	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Although many approaches can be used to achieve a short-term weight loss, maintenance of weight loss has become a key challenge for sustaining long-term benefits of weight loss. Accumulating evidence has suggested that certain environmental compounds may play an important role in weight gain and obesity development. Th...
PLOS734	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Innate responses to bacterial infection such as Chlamydia trachomatis activate inflammasomes to enable the processing of IL-1β, IL-18 and the induction of an inflammatory form of cell death termed pyroptosis. Inflammasomes are crucial to host defence but require tight regulation in order to prevent inappropriate inflam...
PLOS735	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	In spite of continuous challenges from the ever-changing environment, biological systems exhibit incredible stability in their developmental and physiological processes. In addition to extrinsic variability caused by environmental fluctuations, cells face intrinsic variability arising from the inherent noise of gene ex...
PLOS736	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Lymphatic filariasis is a parasitic disease that is spread by mosquitoes. In tropical countries where lymphatic filariasis occurs, approximately 14 million people suffer from chronic swelling of the leg, known as lymphedema. Repeated episodes of bacterial skin infection (acute attacks) cause lymphedema to progress to i...
PLOS737	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Vector-borne diseases represent a severe burden to both human and animal health worldwide. The methods currently being used to control a range of these diseases do not appear sufficient to address the issues at hand. As such, alternate methods for the control of vector-borne diseases are currently being investigated. A...
PLOS738	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Phenomics is the collection of high-dimensional phenotypic data on an organism-wide scale, and it requires high-throughput technologies. However, a lack of technologies for efficiently visualising and measuring whole-organism responses to different environments represents a serious challenge for biologists. This challe...
PLOS739	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Viruses are not known to leave physical fossil traces, which makes our understanding of their evolutionary prehistory crucially dependent on the detection of endogenous viruses. Ancient endogenous viruses, also known as paleoviruses, are relics of viral genomes or fragments thereof that once infiltrated their host's ge...
PLOS740	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	HIV infection is characterized by a decrease of CD4+ T-lymphocytes in the blood. Whereas antiretroviral treatment succeeds to control viral replication, some patients fail to reconstitute their CD4+ T cell count to normal value. IL-7 is a promising cytokine under evaluation for its use in HIV infection, in supplement t...
PLOS741	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Malaria, caused by a protozoa parasite, Plasmodium, affects more than 200 million people per year. The infection triggers an acute febrile illness, the paroxysms, occurring every 48 or 72 hours depending on the species. Plasmodium vivax, in most cases, does not cause severe malaria, but it is the most geographically wi...
PLOS742	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Endemic typhus caused by Rickettsia typhi usually is a relatively mild disease. However, CNS inflammation and neurological symptoms are complications that can occur in severe cases. This outcome of disease is regularly observed in T and B cell-deficient C57BL/6 RAG1-/- mice upon infection with R. typhi. We show here th...
PLOS743	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	The O1 serogroup of Vibrio cholerae is the most common cause of the potentially fatal diarrheal disease cholera, which remains a significant global health burden worldwide. The O1 antigen is a constituent of the lipopolysaccharide portion of the outer membrane, and its location on the bacterial surface makes it a major...
PLOS744	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes persistent infection even in human or animal hosts that develop antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses. To understand this phenomenon, we tested the hypothesis that the CD4+ effector T cells that are ...
PLOS745	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	We present the population genetics of malaria vivax parasites in a large area of the Peruvian Amazon. Our results showed that the parasite population had a predominant clonal propagation, reproducing themselves with identically or closely related parasites; therefore, the same genetic characteristics are maintained in ...
PLOS746	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	The bacterial cell–cell communication process known as quorum sensing regulates important social behaviors including antibiotic production, motility, virulence, biofilm formation, sporulation, bioluminescence, and genetic competence. Gram-positive bacteria secrete oligopeptide quorum-sensing signals that bind to membra...
PLOS747	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Spreading in time and space, rapidly evolving viruses can accumulate a considerable amount of genetic variation. As a consequence, viral genomes become valuable resources to reconstruct the spatial and temporal processes that are shaping epidemic or endemic dynamics. In molecular epidemiology, spatial inference is ofte...
PLOS748	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Males and females differ in their optimal values for most phenotypic traits, which makes intra-locus genetic conflicts among sexes common. Sex chromosomes have a sex-biased transmission, a pattern which might create favourable conditions for the spread of sexually antagonistic alleles (i.e. alleles beneficial for one s...
PLOS749	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	DNA is packaged with proteins into higher-order chromatin structures, which makes genes inherently resistant to transcription initiation. The importance of chromatin remodelers in inducing structural changes to chromatin and, therefore, in controlling the expression of genes has recently resurfaced with the realization...
PLOS750	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	The emergence of mosquito-borne chikungunya virus in the Americas starting in 2013 has been associated with geographically widespread outbreaks of human illness. Transmission of chikungunya virus in the U.S. is a major public health risk, especially in Florida where the environmental conditions are favorable for the tw...
PLOS751	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Infections with intestinal nematodes may be one explanation to why BCG vaccination is less effective in areas of high worm burden. In support of this, we recently showed that chronic intestinal nematode infection resulted in reduced immune responses and higher mycobacterial burden at distal sites. How a gut-dwelling ne...
PLOS752	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	DENV replicative complexes formation is associated with changes of lipid-related metabolites in endoplasmic reticulum, such as an increase in cholesterol synthesis. This increase correlates with a significant augment in the activity of HMGCoA reductase (the limiting enzyme in cholesterol synthesis), favoring a choleste...
PLOS753	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	The DEK oncogene is overexpressed in nearly all human cancers and portends a poor prognosis for many cancer types. High DEK expression causes cancer related phenotypes such as increased cellular proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro. Despite the well documented link between high DEK expression and cancer, the...
PLOS754	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Gene action determines how mutations affect phenotype. When placed in an evolutionary context, the details of the genotype-to-phenotype model can impact the maintenance of genetic variation for complex traits. Likewise, non-equilibrium demographic history may affect patterns of genetic variation. Here, we explore the i...
PLOS755	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Prokaryotic pangenomes are characterized by a high rate of turnover in gene content, with core genes shared by all members of a taxonomic group and accessory genes present in only a subset of the members. Accessory functions could serve as an arsenal enabling prokaryotes to develop adaptations to new niches. Therefore,...
PLOS756	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) constitute a class of mobile genetic elements defined by their ability to integrate into the chromosome of their host cell and to transfer by conjugation. Some of the most studied ICEs belong to the SXT/R391 family, which are major drivers of multidrug resistance disseminatio...
PLOS757	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Formation of any virus particle will require energy, yet the precise biophysical properties that drive the formation of HIV particles remain undefined. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) is a biophysical technique that is the gold standard to reveal parameters governing biochemical and biophysical reaction. However...
PLOS758	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Despite effective antimicrobial therapy, 30–50% of leprosy patients develop immunological complications called leprosy reactions before, during or even years after being cured. Leprosy reactions are a major risk for neuritis that leads to peripheral nerve damage, disfigurement and disability. Unfortunately, why and how...
PLOS759	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is carried by approximately 90% of the world's population, where it persists and is chronically shed despite a vigorous specific immune response, a key component of which are CD8+ T cells that recognize and kill infected cells. The mechanisms the virus uses to evade these responses are not clea...
PLOS760	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Many molecular pathways are found multiple times in a given organism, where they are often reutilized for different functions. Such expansion of a family of pathways requires two main evolutionary processes—acquisition of additional copies of the pathway's genes and divergence of interaction specificity to prevent cros...
PLOS761	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Existing genetic diversity reflects evolutionary history, but it has rarely been possible to probe for footprints of selection at loci known to functionally govern adaptive traits. Both naturally selected metal hypertolerance and extraordinary leaf metal accumulation of the extremophile Arabidopsis halleri require stro...
PLOS762	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	African trypanosomes swim incessantly in the bloodstream of their mammalian host. We have asked the question how these parasites actually manage to swim and manoeuver in an environment that is so amazingly crowded by blood cells and that reveals rapidly varying fluid flow speeds that are 50–20.000 times faster than the...
PLOS763	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Memory is central to nervous system function and has been a particular focus for studies of the hippocampus. However, despite many clues, we understand little about how memory storage and retrieval is implemented in neural circuits. In particular, while many previous studies considered the amount of information that ca...
PLOS764	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	c-MYC is an important proto-oncogene that controls the expression of many other genes, and MYC regulation is deranged in many cancers. Identifying c-MYC target genes is one of the key steps to understand both the biological role and molecular mechanism of c-MYC action. Defining the complete list of c-MYC target genes a...
PLOS765	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Studies in neuroscience have characterized how the brain represents objects in space and how these objects are selected for detailed perceptual processing. The selection process entails a decision about which object is favoured by the available evidence over time. This period of time is typically in the range of hundre...
PLOS766	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	In the absence of a Lassa fever vaccine, rodent control is the primary prevention option. An effective rodent control intervention must understand human behaviour towards the rodent such as: human–rodent interactions, cohabitation, and local rodent control measures. We conducted a rodent control intervention at communi...
PLOS767	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	In 2015, tuberculosis (TB) affected 10.4 million individuals causing 1.8 million deaths per year. Yet, a much larger group– 2 billion people–harbors latent TB infection (LTBI) without clinical symptoms, but at lifelong risk of reactivation. The physiological niches of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) persistence remain...
PLOS768	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Recent advances in DNA sequencing and metagenomics are opening a window into the human microbiome revealing novel associations between certain microbial consortia and disease. However, most of these studies are cross-sectional and lack a mechanistic understanding of this ecosystem's structure and its response to extern...
PLOS769	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Previous works showed that bacteria encoding capsules are better colonizers and are dominant in most environments suggesting a positive role for capsules in the genetic diversification of bacteria. Yet, it has been repeatedly suggested, based almost exclusively studies in few model species, that such bacteria are less ...
PLOS770	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Mosquito-borne diseases can spread when a mosquito bites a vertebrate host to obtain a blood meal for egg-laying. The first step in the transmission process consists of the mosquitoes seeking and finding a host. Mosquitoes use the wind direction and odors, such as carbon dioxide, emitted by the hosts in order to locate...
PLOS771	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Meiosis enables sexual reproduction in eukaryotes by producing gametes. In the process, it increases genetic diversity through recombination of homologous chromosomes from the parents. Genetic diversity constitutes an evolutionary advantage. Prior to finding their unique pairing partner (homolog), chromosomes associate...
PLOS772	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Small-molecule drug design assumes target binding of high affinity. Most small molecules can interact with other macromolecules in the cell ‘nonspecifically,’ i.e., with significantly lower affinity. The extent to which these nonspecific interactions influence the availability and action of the drug for its specific ta...
PLOS773	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Podoconiosis is a geochemical neglected tropical disease, which causes massive swelling of the lower legs and feet. Although podoconiosis is one of the major causes of lower leg swelling worldwide, understanding of the geographical distribution of the disease is incomplete. In Cameroon, few studies have been conducted,...
PLOS774	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Transposable elements (TEs) are present in virtually all species and often contribute a substantial fraction of the genome size. Understanding the functional roles, evolution, and population dynamics of TEs is essential to understanding genome evolution and function. Much of our knowledge about TE population dynamics a...
PLOS775	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Schistosomes are water-borne blood-flukes that are transmitted by snail vectors. They infect over 200 million people in more than 70 countries and cause severe and chronic disability. Snails naturally vary in resistance to this parasite even within species, so bolstering snail resistance in the wild would block transmi...
PLOS776	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Onchocerciasis has recently been targeted for elimination in Côte d’Ivoire. With support of international donors the country’s integrated Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTD) program has recently achieved 100% geographical coverage for mass drug administration in districts endemic for lymphatic filariasis and onchocercias...
PLOS777	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease that continues to pose a public health threat worldwide due to the absence of an effective vaccine, drug toxicity and parasite resistance. In an attempt to identify new potential drug targets, we focused our research on Leishmania donovani argininosuccinate synthase (LdASS)...
PLOS778	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Neuroscience still lacks a concrete explanation of how humans recognize speech. Even though neuroimaging techniques are helpful in determining the brain areas involved in speech recognition, there are rarely mechanistic explanations at a neuronal level. Here, we assume that songbirds and humans solve a very similar tas...
PLOS779	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a neglected systemic mycosis caused by fungi of the genus Paracoccidioides present in the soil and is endemic to Latin America. The acute clinical form of this disease is less frequent than the chronic type of presentation. However, it is a more severe clinical condition, potentially lif...
PLOS780	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Repetitive sequences, such as LINEs, comprise more than half of the human genome. Due to their repetitive nature, LINEs are hard to grasp. In particular, we find that pervasive transcription is a major confounding factor in transcriptome data. We observe that, on average, more than 90% of LINE signal derives from perva...
PLOS781	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Intellectual disability is defined by having an intelligence quotient of less than 70 points, and it affects about 2–3 people in every 100. Obesity is defined as having a body mass index of over 30 in adults or over the 95th centile in children. Both of these conditions are major public health concerns in Western count...
PLOS782	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Association analysis of multiple phenotypes will unravel the genetic pleiotropic structures of multiple phenotypes, provide a powerful tool for developing drug with fewer side effects. To increase the power of the tests for high dimensional association analysis of multiple phenotypes with next-generation sequencing dat...
PLOS783	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Circadian clocks are endogenous timing mechanisms that allow living organisms to coordinate their activities with daily environmental fluctuations. In cyanobacteria, almost all the genes are rhythmically expressed with the same ∼24 h period yet exhibit a variety of phase relationships and waveforms. Remarkably, the cor...
PLOS784	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Co-infection, the presence of multiple genotypes of the same pathogen species within an infected individual, is common. Genotype diversity, defined as the number of unique genotypes, and the interaction between genotypes, can strongly influence virulence and pathogen transmission. Understanding how genotypic diversity ...
PLOS785	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common hormonal disturbance in reproductive age women and features high levels of male sex hormones, such as testosterone, and infrequent ovulation. Twin studies have demonstrated that inheritance plays a significant role in PCOS, and recent genome wide association studies (...
PLOS786	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Buruli ulcer (BU) is considered relatively painless. Nevertheless, observations suggested that patients experience pain during wound care dressings. This study explored views on pain, along with pain assessment and treatment practices. Medical records were reviewed on prescribed pain medication and health care professi...
PLOS787	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Trypanosoma brucei is the parasite responsible for human African trypanosomiasis, a disease also known as sleeping sickness. African trypanosomiasis is present in Sub-Saharan Africa and transmitted by infected tsetse flies. This devastating disease is lethal if untreated, making it important to understand and character...
PLOS788	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	The evolution of reproductive isolation is a fundamental step in the origin of species. One kind of reproductive isolation, the sterility and inviability of species hybrids, is characterized by two of the strongest rules in evolutionary biology. The first is Haldane's rule: for species crosses in which just one hybrid ...
PLOS789	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Thioredoxins are found in all types of cells and control several essential functions of life, including promotion of cell growth, inhibition of apoptosis, and modulation of inflammation. Thioredoxin has two ‘free’ cysteines in its active site, which are used to break disulfide bonds in oxidized substrate proteins. In t...
PLOS790	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Understanding mechanisms underlying early stages in melanoma development is of major interest and importance. Recent studies indicate a role for MITF, a master regulator of melanocyte development and biogenesis, in melanoma progression. Here we demonstrate that the transcription factor ATF2 negatively regulates MITF tr...
PLOS791	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Stem cell aging contributes to aging-associated degenerative diseases. Studies aiming to characterize the mechanisms of stem cell aging are critical for obtaining a comprehensive understanding of the aging process and developing novel strategies to treat aging-related diseases. As a prevalent aging-associated chronic j...
PLOS792	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	The interaction of viruses with host glycans has become an important topic in the study of enteric virus infectivity. This interaction modulates several aspects of the viral cycle, including viral attachment, which in most cases depends on the host glycobiology dictated by the secretor and Lewis genotypes. The capacity...
PLOS793	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Efficient coding is an overarching principle, well tested in visual and auditory neurobiology, which states that sensory neurons are adapted to the statistical characteristics of their natural stimulus - in brief, neurons best process those stimuli that occur most frequently. To assess its validity in olfaction, we exa...
PLOS794	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Bilharzia also known as schistosomiasis is one of the neglected tropical diseases found in western part of Kenya. The major source of infection is Lake Victoria; however, there is evidence of inland transmission especially within the informal settlements of Kisumu city. Schistosomiasis can be controlled using three key...
PLOS795	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Drug-resistant influenza viruses commonly arise due to frequent genetic changes and current antiviral drugs are not highly efficient. These underscore the need for new antiviral therapies effective against influenza viruses. Understanding how influenza virus uses cellular proteins for infection can potentially identify...
PLOS796	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Living organisms exert very complicated control on the functionality of their components. Such control systems can often operate in a surprisingly robust manner, in spite of constant perturbations from fluctuating internal conditions and a volatile external environment. What feature makes such control mechanisms robust...
PLOS797	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	More than 200 million people are affected by the snailborne disease schistosomiasis. The main strategy to control schistosomiasis is to regularly treat school-aged children with the drug praziquantel. The frequency of praziquantel treatment depends on the average prevalence of schistosomiasis, which can be defined as l...
PLOS798	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	Trachoma is the leading infectious cause of blindness worldwide, and is mainly found in tropical and poor countries. It is caused by infection of the eyes with the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. However, sometimes the clinical signs of disease can be present without infection being detected. Control efforts involve s...
PLOS799	*TASK* the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature *INPUT* the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature *OUTPUT* the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature *DOCUMENTATION* *EXAMPLES* Input: Output: *EXAMPLES* Inp...	The global outbreak of SARS in 2002–2003 was caused by infection by a human coronavirus, SARS-CoV. Although the virus has been extensively studied with regard to epidemiology, virology, clinical features and other aspects, there are still no approved antiviral drugs and vaccines to treat and prevent infections of SARS-...

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