Datasets:

clinicalnlplab
/

PubmedQA_train

id stringlengths 9 14	conversations listlengths 2 2	text stringlengths 207 5.89k
PubmedQA187041	[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['To evaluate the expression of tumor PD-L1 and changes in tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) populations in patients with metastatic melanoma treated wi...	TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer. INPUT: ['To evaluate the expression of tumor PD-L1 and changes in tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) populations in patients with metastatic melanoma treated with targeted MAPK inhibitors.', 'Ninety-thr...
PubmedQA108693	[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['There is an increased rate of chromosomal anomalies, in particular low-level sex chromosome mosaicism, in the female partners of couples undergoing intr...	TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer. INPUT: ['There is an increased rate of chromosomal anomalies, in particular low-level sex chromosome mosaicism, in the female partners of couples undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).', 'Am...
PubmedQA36575	[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['With the advent of transgenic crops, genetically modified, herbicide-resistant Brassica napus has become a model system for examining the risks and pote...	TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer. INPUT: ['With the advent of transgenic crops, genetically modified, herbicide-resistant Brassica napus has become a model system for examining the risks and potential ecological consequences of escape of...
PubmedQA22579	[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Farnesyl protein transferase inhibitors have emerged as promising novel agents for combating cancerous disease. Nevertheless, the importance for farnesy...	TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer. INPUT: ['Farnesyl protein transferase inhibitors have emerged as promising novel agents for combating cancerous disease. Nevertheless, the importance for farnesyl protein transferase enzymatic activity f...
PubmedQA9910	[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['To evaluate the association between the presence of phosphoinositide-phospholipase C beta1 (PI-PLCbeta1) mono-allelic deletion with the clinical outcome...	TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer. INPUT: ['To evaluate the association between the presence of phosphoinositide-phospholipase C beta1 (PI-PLCbeta1) mono-allelic deletion with the clinical outcome of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) patien...
PubmedQA115713	[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Increased testicular apoptosis has been observed in maturation arrest and hyposper-matogenesis states in rodent models, but this process has not yet bee...	TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer. INPUT: ['Increased testicular apoptosis has been observed in maturation arrest and hyposper-matogenesis states in rodent models, but this process has not yet been characterized in humans. We hypothesized...
PubmedQA184090	[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Zfp69 was previously identified by positional cloning as a candidate gene for obesity-associated diabetes. C57BL/6J and New Zealand obese (NZO) mice car...	TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer. INPUT: ['Zfp69 was previously identified by positional cloning as a candidate gene for obesity-associated diabetes. C57BL/6J and New Zealand obese (NZO) mice carry a loss-of-function mutation due to the ...
PubmedQA35088	[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['It is increasingly recognized that the risk for HIV and hepatitis C (HCV) transmission among people who inject drugs (PWID), such as syringe sharing, oc...	TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer. INPUT: ['It is increasingly recognized that the risk for HIV and hepatitis C (HCV) transmission among people who inject drugs (PWID), such as syringe sharing, occurs in the context of relationships betwe...
PubmedQA203707	[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['The complement system, a major component of innate immunity, has recently been implicated in the mechanisms of fetal loss and placental inflammation in ...	TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer. INPUT: ['The complement system, a major component of innate immunity, has recently been implicated in the mechanisms of fetal loss and placental inflammation in the anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome. I...
PubmedQA160592	[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is a common complication arising after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and valve replacement or repair s...	TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer. INPUT: ['Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is a common complication arising after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and valve replacement or repair surgeries. POAF has been associated with in...
PubmedQA121333	[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Biopsychosocial models are currently accepted for study of low back pain (LBP), but there is little evidence investigating socioeconomic status (SES) in...	TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer. INPUT: ['Biopsychosocial models are currently accepted for study of low back pain (LBP), but there is little evidence investigating socioeconomic status (SES) influence on disability, pain intensity, and...
PubmedQA108197	[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Estradiol plays an important role in male reproductive health as a germ cell survival factor. Chlorpyrifos and carbaryl, nonpersistent insecticides to w...	TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer. INPUT: ['Estradiol plays an important role in male reproductive health as a germ cell survival factor. Chlorpyrifos and carbaryl, nonpersistent insecticides to which the general population are commonly e...
PubmedQA58949	[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['The use of oral calcium supplementation among the elderly for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis and osteopenia is increasing. The incidence of ao...	TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer. INPUT: ['The use of oral calcium supplementation among the elderly for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis and osteopenia is increasing. The incidence of aortic valve disease and coronary artery dis...
PubmedQA18897	[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['To analyze the characteristics of publications of Shanghai Journal of Stomatology (SJS) between 2001 and 2005.', 'By use of literature metrology, a comp...	TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer. INPUT: ['To analyze the characteristics of publications of Shanghai Journal of Stomatology (SJS) between 2001 and 2005.', 'By use of literature metrology, a comprehensive analysis of the publications of ...
PubmedQA182165	[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['The aim of this study was to evaluate the significance of postoperative peripheral absolute blood lymphocyte-to-monocyte (ALC/AMC) ratio in pancreatic r...	TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer. INPUT: ['The aim of this study was to evaluate the significance of postoperative peripheral absolute blood lymphocyte-to-monocyte (ALC/AMC) ratio in pancreatic resections for pancreatic carcinoma.', 'One...
PubmedQA22591	[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['The study was undertaken to evaluate whether raloxifene influences endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vasodilatation in women.', 'In a do...	TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer. INPUT: ['The study was undertaken to evaluate whether raloxifene influences endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vasodilatation in women.', 'In a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized ...
PubmedQA106955	[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airway that is mediated by T-helper 2(TH2) cells. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) can aggravate asth...	TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer. INPUT: ['Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airway that is mediated by T-helper 2(TH2) cells. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) can aggravate asthmatic lung inflammation by activating dend...
PubmedQA167755	[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter in the adult mammalian brain. However, GABA is found not only in peripheral ...	TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer. INPUT: ['Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter in the adult mammalian brain. However, GABA is found not only in peripheral neuronal tissue, but also in many peripher...
PubmedQA107437	[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: [\"Estimates suggest that the drug discovery and development processes take between 10 and 15 years, with costs ranging between US$500 million and $2 bill...	TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer. INPUT: ["Estimates suggest that the drug discovery and development processes take between 10 and 15 years, with costs ranging between US$500 million and $2 billion. A growing number of bacteria have beco...
PubmedQA78046	[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['To assess the genotypic diversity in patients with Stargardt disease and to characterise epidemiological and genotypic predictors of phenotype.', 'Retro...	TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer. INPUT: ['To assess the genotypic diversity in patients with Stargardt disease and to characterise epidemiological and genotypic predictors of phenotype.', 'Retrospective, cross-sectional study of 112 pat...
PubmedQA116871	[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Primary mediastinal large cell lymphoma (PMLCL) is an emerging entity. New parameters can help define it.', 'Retrospective analysis of medical records f...	TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer. INPUT: ['Primary mediastinal large cell lymphoma (PMLCL) is an emerging entity. New parameters can help define it.', 'Retrospective analysis of medical records from 35 patients treated at The University ...
PubmedQA49158	[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['The yeast Orm1/2 proteins regulate ceramide biosynthesis.', 'Depletion of the mammalian Orm1/2 homologues, ORMDL1-3, eliminates the negative feedback of...	TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer. INPUT: ['The yeast Orm1/2 proteins regulate ceramide biosynthesis.', 'Depletion of the mammalian Orm1/2 homologues, ORMDL1-3, eliminates the negative feedback of exogenous ceramide on ceramide biosynthes...
PubmedQA10767	[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Membrane-stabilizing effects may be part of glucocorticoid action during high-dose glucocorticoid therapy. The present study investigates the mode of ac...	TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer. INPUT: ['Membrane-stabilizing effects may be part of glucocorticoid action during high-dose glucocorticoid therapy. The present study investigates the mode of action of dexamethasone megadoses on rat liv...
PubmedQA203203	[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['The HIV-1 accessory factor Vif is necessary for efficient viral infection in non-permissive cells. Vif antagonizes the antiviral activity of human cytid...	TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer. INPUT: ['The HIV-1 accessory factor Vif is necessary for efficient viral infection in non-permissive cells. Vif antagonizes the antiviral activity of human cytidine deaminase APOBEC3 proteins that confer...
PubmedQA78290	[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Serum creatinine is the most commonly used screening test for renal failure. We hypothesized that serum creatinine would underestimate the degree of ren...	TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer. INPUT: ['Serum creatinine is the most commonly used screening test for renal failure. We hypothesized that serum creatinine would underestimate the degree of renal failure in elderly people because they ...
PubmedQA90332	[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Detecting heart failure (HF) patients at risk is a relevant clinical problem. Our goal was to define associations of clinical HF-markers and exercise pa...	TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer. INPUT: ['Detecting heart failure (HF) patients at risk is a relevant clinical problem. Our goal was to define associations of clinical HF-markers and exercise parameters with respect to their prognostic ...
PubmedQA161951	[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: [\"Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a glycoprotein that inhibits nuclear factor-κB's regulatory effects on inflammation, skeletal, and vascular systems, and is a ...	TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer. INPUT: ["Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a glycoprotein that inhibits nuclear factor-κB's regulatory effects on inflammation, skeletal, and vascular systems, and is a potential biomarker of atherosclerosis and ...
PubmedQA43557	[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['In chronic schizophrenia and chronic bipolar disorder, gamma band (30-100 Hz) auditory steady-state electroencephalogram responses (ASSRs) are reduced i...	TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer. INPUT: ['In chronic schizophrenia and chronic bipolar disorder, gamma band (30-100 Hz) auditory steady-state electroencephalogram responses (ASSRs) are reduced in power and phase locking, likely reflecti...
PubmedQA37017	[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Negative effects of dehydration on the human brain and cognitive function have been reported. In this study, we examined the effects of dehydration on p...	TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer. INPUT: ['Negative effects of dehydration on the human brain and cognitive function have been reported. In this study, we examined the effects of dehydration on pain thresholds and cortical activations in...
PubmedQA190787	[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Selective nerve root blocks or transforaminal epidural injections are used for diagnosis and treatment of different spinal disorders. A clear consensus ...	TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer. INPUT: ['Selective nerve root blocks or transforaminal epidural injections are used for diagnosis and treatment of different spinal disorders. A clear consensus on the use of selective nerve root injecti...
PubmedQA93092	[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['The pregnancy-specific disorder preeclampsia is a major cause of maternal mortality and morbidity. Activin A has been suggested as a potential biomarker...	TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer. INPUT: ['The pregnancy-specific disorder preeclampsia is a major cause of maternal mortality and morbidity. Activin A has been suggested as a potential biomarker of the disease, but whether it plays a ro...
PubmedQA78688	[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Poor sleep quality, insomnia, and restless legs syndrome (RLS) and sleep apnea are common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Clinical correl...	TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer. INPUT: ['Poor sleep quality, insomnia, and restless legs syndrome (RLS) and sleep apnea are common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Clinical correlates of these problems are poorly understo...
PubmedQA169857	[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Recent studies have shown the anti diabetic effects of oral sodium tungstate treatment in several animal models of diabetes based on short-term experime...	TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer. INPUT: ['Recent studies have shown the anti diabetic effects of oral sodium tungstate treatment in several animal models of diabetes based on short-term experiments. In this study, we examined the effect...
PubmedQA104643	[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['The ability of intestinal helminths to manipulate the immune system of their host towards a Th2 response has been proposed to modulate auto-immune and a...	TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer. INPUT: ['The ability of intestinal helminths to manipulate the immune system of their host towards a Th2 response has been proposed to modulate auto-immune and allergic diseases.', 'This initial study in...
PubmedQA16489	[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['The SA14-14-2 Japanese encephalitis (JE) live attenuated vaccine is licensed for use only in China, and has provided excellent efficacy in reducing the ...	TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer. INPUT: ['The SA14-14-2 Japanese encephalitis (JE) live attenuated vaccine is licensed for use only in China, and has provided excellent efficacy in reducing the incidence of JE. The humoral immune respon...
PubmedQA114775	[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Whether minimal microvascular resistance of the myocardium is affected by the presence of an epicardial stenosis is controversial. Recently, an index of...	TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer. INPUT: ['Whether minimal microvascular resistance of the myocardium is affected by the presence of an epicardial stenosis is controversial. Recently, an index of microcirculatory resistance (IMR) was dev...
PubmedQA183596	[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['We hypothesized that spontaneous inspiratory effort transmitted to the pleural space during airway pressure release ventilation would result in increase...	TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer. INPUT: ['We hypothesized that spontaneous inspiratory effort transmitted to the pleural space during airway pressure release ventilation would result in increased lung perfusion after surgery for tetralo...
PubmedQA23637	[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Circadian rhythms play an integral role in human behavior, physiology and health. Individual differences in daily rhythms (chronotypes) can affect indiv...	TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer. INPUT: ['Circadian rhythms play an integral role in human behavior, physiology and health. Individual differences in daily rhythms (chronotypes) can affect individual sleep-wake cycles, activity patterns...
PubmedQA11472	[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['The role of growth factors in ovarian cancer development and progression is complex and multifactorial. We hypothesized that new growth factors may be i...	TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer. INPUT: ['The role of growth factors in ovarian cancer development and progression is complex and multifactorial. We hypothesized that new growth factors may be identified through the molecular analysis o...
PubmedQA128158	[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['CD26 is highly expressed on lung epithelial cells as well as on immune cells. Ovalbumin (OVA)-induced airway inflammation induces a further increase of ...	TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer. INPUT: ['CD26 is highly expressed on lung epithelial cells as well as on immune cells. Ovalbumin (OVA)-induced airway inflammation induces a further increase of CD26 expression. CD26-deficient rat strain...