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patch(path, data='', content_type='application/octet-stream', follow=False, secure=False, **extra) Makes a PATCH request on the provided path and returns a Response object. Useful for testing RESTful interfaces. The follow, secure and extra arguments act the same as for Client.get().
django.topics.testing.tools#django.test.Client.patch
post(path, data=None, content_type=MULTIPART_CONTENT, follow=False, secure=False, **extra) Makes a POST request on the provided path and returns a Response object, which is documented below. The key-value pairs in the data dictionary are used to submit POST data. For example: >>> c = Client() >>> c.post('/login/', {'...
django.topics.testing.tools#django.test.Client.post
put(path, data='', content_type='application/octet-stream', follow=False, secure=False, **extra) Makes a PUT request on the provided path and returns a Response object. Useful for testing RESTful interfaces. When data is provided, it is used as the request body, and a Content-Type header is set to content_type. The f...
django.topics.testing.tools#django.test.Client.put
Client.session A dictionary-like object containing session information. See the session documentation for full details. To modify the session and then save it, it must be stored in a variable first (because a new SessionStore is created every time this property is accessed): def test_something(self): session = se...
django.topics.testing.tools#django.test.Client.session
trace(path, follow=False, secure=False, **extra) Makes a TRACE request on the provided path and returns a Response object. Useful for simulating diagnostic probes. Unlike the other request methods, data is not provided as a keyword parameter in order to comply with RFC 7231#section-4.3.8, which mandates that TRACE re...
django.topics.testing.tools#django.test.Client.trace
class LiveServerTestCase
django.topics.testing.tools#django.test.LiveServerTestCase
modify_settings()
django.topics.testing.tools#django.test.modify_settings
override_settings()
django.topics.testing.tools#django.test.override_settings
class RequestFactory
django.topics.testing.advanced#django.test.RequestFactory
class Response client The test client that was used to make the request that resulted in the response. content The body of the response, as a bytestring. This is the final page content as rendered by the view, or any error message. context The template Context instance that was used to render the temp...
django.topics.testing.tools#django.test.Response
client The test client that was used to make the request that resulted in the response.
django.topics.testing.tools#django.test.Response.client
content The body of the response, as a bytestring. This is the final page content as rendered by the view, or any error message.
django.topics.testing.tools#django.test.Response.content
context The template Context instance that was used to render the template that produced the response content. If the rendered page used multiple templates, then context will be a list of Context objects, in the order in which they were rendered. Regardless of the number of templates used during rendering, you can re...
django.topics.testing.tools#django.test.Response.context
exc_info A tuple of three values that provides information about the unhandled exception, if any, that occurred during the view. The values are (type, value, traceback), the same as returned by Python’s sys.exc_info(). Their meanings are: type: The type of the exception. value: The exception instance. traceback: ...
django.topics.testing.tools#django.test.Response.exc_info
json(**kwargs) The body of the response, parsed as JSON. Extra keyword arguments are passed to json.loads(). For example: >>> response = client.get('/foo/') >>> response.json()['name'] 'Arthur' If the Content-Type header is not "application/json", then a ValueError will be raised when trying to parse the response.
django.topics.testing.tools#django.test.Response.json
request The request data that stimulated the response.
django.topics.testing.tools#django.test.Response.request
resolver_match An instance of ResolverMatch for the response. You can use the func attribute, for example, to verify the view that served the response: # my_view here is a function based view self.assertEqual(response.resolver_match.func, my_view) # class-based views need to be compared by name, as the functions # g...
django.topics.testing.tools#django.test.Response.resolver_match
status_code The HTTP status of the response, as an integer. For a full list of defined codes, see the IANA status code registry.
django.topics.testing.tools#django.test.Response.status_code
templates A list of Template instances used to render the final content, in the order they were rendered. For each template in the list, use template.name to get the template’s file name, if the template was loaded from a file. (The name is a string such as 'admin/index.html'.) Not using Django templates? This attri...
django.topics.testing.tools#django.test.Response.templates
wsgi_request The WSGIRequest instance generated by the test handler that generated the response.
django.topics.testing.tools#django.test.Response.wsgi_request
class DiscoverRunner(pattern='test*.py', top_level=None, verbosity=1, interactive=True, failfast=False, keepdb=False, reverse=False, debug_mode=False, debug_sql=False, parallel=0, tags=None, exclude_tags=None, test_name_patterns=None, pdb=False, buffer=False, enable_faulthandler=True, timing=True, shuffle=False, logger...
django.topics.testing.advanced#django.test.runner.DiscoverRunner
DiscoverRunner.build_suite(test_labels=None, **kwargs) Constructs a test suite that matches the test labels provided. test_labels is a list of strings describing the tests to be run. A test label can take one of four forms: path.to.test_module.TestCase.test_method – Run a single test method in a test case. path.to...
django.topics.testing.advanced#django.test.runner.DiscoverRunner.build_suite
DiscoverRunner.get_test_runner_kwargs() Returns the keyword arguments to instantiate the DiscoverRunner.test_runner with.
django.topics.testing.advanced#django.test.runner.DiscoverRunner.get_test_runner_kwargs
DiscoverRunner.log(msg, level=None) New in Django 4.0. If a logger is set, logs the message at the given integer logging level (e.g. logging.DEBUG, logging.INFO, or logging.WARNING). Otherwise, the message is printed to the console, respecting the current verbosity. For example, no message will be printed if the ve...
django.topics.testing.advanced#django.test.runner.DiscoverRunner.log
DiscoverRunner.run_checks(databases) Runs the system checks on the test databases.
django.topics.testing.advanced#django.test.runner.DiscoverRunner.run_checks
DiscoverRunner.run_suite(suite, **kwargs) Runs the test suite. Returns the result produced by the running the test suite.
django.topics.testing.advanced#django.test.runner.DiscoverRunner.run_suite
DiscoverRunner.run_tests(test_labels, **kwargs) Run the test suite. test_labels allows you to specify which tests to run and supports several formats (see DiscoverRunner.build_suite() for a list of supported formats). Deprecated since version 4.0: extra_tests is a list of extra TestCase instances to add to the suite...
django.topics.testing.advanced#django.test.runner.DiscoverRunner.run_tests
DiscoverRunner.setup_databases(**kwargs) Creates the test databases by calling setup_databases().
django.topics.testing.advanced#django.test.runner.DiscoverRunner.setup_databases
DiscoverRunner.setup_test_environment(**kwargs) Sets up the test environment by calling setup_test_environment() and setting DEBUG to self.debug_mode (defaults to False).
django.topics.testing.advanced#django.test.runner.DiscoverRunner.setup_test_environment
DiscoverRunner.suite_result(suite, result, **kwargs) Computes and returns a return code based on a test suite, and the result from that test suite.
django.topics.testing.advanced#django.test.runner.DiscoverRunner.suite_result
DiscoverRunner.teardown_databases(old_config, **kwargs) Destroys the test databases, restoring pre-test conditions by calling teardown_databases().
django.topics.testing.advanced#django.test.runner.DiscoverRunner.teardown_databases
DiscoverRunner.teardown_test_environment(**kwargs) Restores the pre-test environment.
django.topics.testing.advanced#django.test.runner.DiscoverRunner.teardown_test_environment
DiscoverRunner.test_loader This is the class that loads tests, whether from TestCases or modules or otherwise and bundles them into test suites for the runner to execute. By default it is set to unittest.defaultTestLoader. You can override this attribute if your tests are going to be loaded in unusual ways.
django.topics.testing.advanced#django.test.runner.DiscoverRunner.test_loader
DiscoverRunner.test_runner This is the class of the low-level test runner which is used to execute the individual tests and format the results. By default it is set to unittest.TextTestRunner. Despite the unfortunate similarity in naming conventions, this is not the same type of class as DiscoverRunner, which covers ...
django.topics.testing.advanced#django.test.runner.DiscoverRunner.test_runner
DiscoverRunner.test_suite The class used to build the test suite. By default it is set to unittest.TestSuite. This can be overridden if you wish to implement different logic for collecting tests.
django.topics.testing.advanced#django.test.runner.DiscoverRunner.test_suite
django.test.signals.setting_changed
django.ref.signals#django.test.signals.setting_changed
django.test.signals.template_rendered
django.ref.signals#django.test.signals.template_rendered
class SimpleTestCase
django.topics.testing.tools#django.test.SimpleTestCase
SimpleTestCase.assertContains(response, text, count=None, status_code=200, msg_prefix='', html=False) Asserts that a response produced the given status_code and that text appears in its content. If count is provided, text must occur exactly count times in the response. Set html to True to handle text as HTML. The com...
django.topics.testing.tools#django.test.SimpleTestCase.assertContains
SimpleTestCase.assertFieldOutput(fieldclass, valid, invalid, field_args=None, field_kwargs=None, empty_value='') Asserts that a form field behaves correctly with various inputs. Parameters: fieldclass – the class of the field to be tested. valid – a dictionary mapping valid inputs to their expected cleaned va...
django.topics.testing.tools#django.test.SimpleTestCase.assertFieldOutput
SimpleTestCase.assertFormError(response, form, field, errors, msg_prefix='') Asserts that a field on a form raises the provided list of errors when rendered on the form. response must be a response instance returned by the test client. form is the name the Form instance was given in the template context of the respon...
django.topics.testing.tools#django.test.SimpleTestCase.assertFormError
SimpleTestCase.assertFormsetError(response, formset, form_index, field, errors, msg_prefix='') Asserts that the formset raises the provided list of errors when rendered. response must be a response instance returned by the test client. formset is the name the Formset instance was given in the template context of the ...
django.topics.testing.tools#django.test.SimpleTestCase.assertFormsetError
SimpleTestCase.assertHTMLEqual(html1, html2, msg=None) Asserts that the strings html1 and html2 are equal. The comparison is based on HTML semantics. The comparison takes following things into account: Whitespace before and after HTML tags is ignored. All types of whitespace are considered equivalent. All open tags ...
django.topics.testing.tools#django.test.SimpleTestCase.assertHTMLEqual
SimpleTestCase.assertHTMLNotEqual(html1, html2, msg=None) Asserts that the strings html1 and html2 are not equal. The comparison is based on HTML semantics. See assertHTMLEqual() for details. html1 and html2 must contain HTML. An AssertionError will be raised if one of them cannot be parsed. Output in case of error c...
django.topics.testing.tools#django.test.SimpleTestCase.assertHTMLNotEqual
SimpleTestCase.assertInHTML(needle, haystack, count=None, msg_prefix='') Asserts that the HTML fragment needle is contained in the haystack one. If the count integer argument is specified, then additionally the number of needle occurrences will be strictly verified. Whitespace in most cases is ignored, and attribute ...
django.topics.testing.tools#django.test.SimpleTestCase.assertInHTML
SimpleTestCase.assertJSONEqual(raw, expected_data, msg=None) Asserts that the JSON fragments raw and expected_data are equal. Usual JSON non-significant whitespace rules apply as the heavyweight is delegated to the json library. Output in case of error can be customized with the msg argument.
django.topics.testing.tools#django.test.SimpleTestCase.assertJSONEqual
SimpleTestCase.assertJSONNotEqual(raw, expected_data, msg=None) Asserts that the JSON fragments raw and expected_data are not equal. See assertJSONEqual() for further details. Output in case of error can be customized with the msg argument.
django.topics.testing.tools#django.test.SimpleTestCase.assertJSONNotEqual
SimpleTestCase.assertNotContains(response, text, status_code=200, msg_prefix='', html=False) Asserts that a response produced the given status_code and that text does not appear in its content. Set html to True to handle text as HTML. The comparison with the response content will be based on HTML semantics instead of...
django.topics.testing.tools#django.test.SimpleTestCase.assertNotContains
SimpleTestCase.assertRaisesMessage(expected_exception, expected_message, callable, *args, **kwargs) SimpleTestCase.assertRaisesMessage(expected_exception, expected_message) Asserts that execution of callable raises expected_exception and that expected_message is found in the exception’s message. Any other outcome i...
django.topics.testing.tools#django.test.SimpleTestCase.assertRaisesMessage
SimpleTestCase.assertRedirects(response, expected_url, status_code=302, target_status_code=200, msg_prefix='', fetch_redirect_response=True) Asserts that the response returned a status_code redirect status, redirected to expected_url (including any GET data), and that the final page was received with target_status_co...
django.topics.testing.tools#django.test.SimpleTestCase.assertRedirects
SimpleTestCase.assertTemplateNotUsed(response, template_name, msg_prefix='') Asserts that the template with the given name was not used in rendering the response. You can use this as a context manager in the same way as assertTemplateUsed().
django.topics.testing.tools#django.test.SimpleTestCase.assertTemplateNotUsed
SimpleTestCase.assertTemplateUsed(response, template_name, msg_prefix='', count=None) Asserts that the template with the given name was used in rendering the response. response must be a response instance returned by the test client. template_name should be a string such as 'admin/index.html'. The count argument is a...
django.topics.testing.tools#django.test.SimpleTestCase.assertTemplateUsed
SimpleTestCase.assertURLEqual(url1, url2, msg_prefix='') Asserts that two URLs are the same, ignoring the order of query string parameters except for parameters with the same name. For example, /path/?x=1&y=2 is equal to /path/?y=2&x=1, but /path/?a=1&a=2 isn’t equal to /path/?a=2&a=1.
django.topics.testing.tools#django.test.SimpleTestCase.assertURLEqual
SimpleTestCase.assertWarnsMessage(expected_warning, expected_message, callable, *args, **kwargs) SimpleTestCase.assertWarnsMessage(expected_warning, expected_message) Analogous to SimpleTestCase.assertRaisesMessage() but for assertWarnsRegex() instead of assertRaisesRegex().
django.topics.testing.tools#django.test.SimpleTestCase.assertWarnsMessage
SimpleTestCase.assertXMLEqual(xml1, xml2, msg=None) Asserts that the strings xml1 and xml2 are equal. The comparison is based on XML semantics. Similarly to assertHTMLEqual(), the comparison is made on parsed content, hence only semantic differences are considered, not syntax differences. When invalid XML is passed i...
django.topics.testing.tools#django.test.SimpleTestCase.assertXMLEqual
SimpleTestCase.assertXMLNotEqual(xml1, xml2, msg=None) Asserts that the strings xml1 and xml2 are not equal. The comparison is based on XML semantics. See assertXMLEqual() for details. Output in case of error can be customized with the msg argument.
django.topics.testing.tools#django.test.SimpleTestCase.assertXMLNotEqual
SimpleTestCase.client
django.topics.testing.tools#django.test.SimpleTestCase.client
SimpleTestCase.client_class
django.topics.testing.tools#django.test.SimpleTestCase.client_class
SimpleTestCase.databases SimpleTestCase disallows database queries by default. This helps to avoid executing write queries which will affect other tests since each SimpleTestCase test isn’t run in a transaction. If you aren’t concerned about this problem, you can disable this behavior by setting the databases class a...
django.topics.testing.tools#django.test.SimpleTestCase.databases
SimpleTestCase.modify_settings()
django.topics.testing.tools#django.test.SimpleTestCase.modify_settings
SimpleTestCase.settings()
django.topics.testing.tools#django.test.SimpleTestCase.settings
skipIfDBFeature(*feature_name_strings)
django.topics.testing.tools#django.test.skipIfDBFeature
skipUnlessDBFeature(*feature_name_strings)
django.topics.testing.tools#django.test.skipUnlessDBFeature
class TestCase
django.topics.testing.tools#django.test.TestCase
TestCase.databases
django.topics.testing.tools#django.test.TestCase.databases
class TransactionTestCase
django.topics.testing.tools#django.test.TransactionTestCase
TransactionTestCase.assertNumQueries(num, func, *args, **kwargs) Asserts that when func is called with *args and **kwargs that num database queries are executed. If a "using" key is present in kwargs it is used as the database alias for which to check the number of queries: self.assertNumQueries(7, using='non_default...
django.topics.testing.tools#django.test.TransactionTestCase.assertNumQueries
TransactionTestCase.assertQuerysetEqual(qs, values, transform=None, ordered=True, msg=None) Asserts that a queryset qs matches a particular iterable of values values. If transform is provided, values is compared to a list produced by applying transform to each member of qs. By default, the comparison is also ordering...
django.topics.testing.tools#django.test.TransactionTestCase.assertQuerysetEqual
TransactionTestCase.available_apps Warning This attribute is a private API. It may be changed or removed without a deprecation period in the future, for instance to accommodate changes in application loading. It’s used to optimize Django’s own test suite, which contains hundreds of models but no relations between mo...
django.topics.testing.advanced#django.test.TransactionTestCase.available_apps
TransactionTestCase.databases
django.topics.testing.tools#django.test.TransactionTestCase.databases
TransactionTestCase.fixtures
django.topics.testing.tools#django.test.TransactionTestCase.fixtures
TransactionTestCase.reset_sequences Setting reset_sequences = True on a TransactionTestCase will make sure sequences are always reset before the test run: class TestsThatDependsOnPrimaryKeySequences(TransactionTestCase): reset_sequences = True def test_animal_pk(self): lion = Animal.objects.create(na...
django.topics.testing.advanced#django.test.TransactionTestCase.reset_sequences
setup_databases(verbosity, interactive, *, time_keeper=None, keepdb=False, debug_sql=False, parallel=0, aliases=None, serialized_aliases=None, **kwargs) Creates the test databases. Returns a data structure that provides enough detail to undo the changes that have been made. This data will be provided to the teardown_...
django.topics.testing.advanced#django.test.utils.setup_databases
setup_test_environment(debug=None) Performs global pre-test setup, such as installing instrumentation for the template rendering system and setting up the dummy email outbox. If debug isn’t None, the DEBUG setting is updated to its value.
django.topics.testing.advanced#django.test.utils.setup_test_environment
teardown_databases(old_config, parallel=0, keepdb=False) Destroys the test databases, restoring pre-test conditions. old_config is a data structure defining the changes in the database configuration that need to be reversed. It’s the return value of the setup_databases() method.
django.topics.testing.advanced#django.test.utils.teardown_databases
teardown_test_environment() Performs global post-test teardown, such as removing instrumentation from the template system and restoring normal email services.
django.topics.testing.advanced#django.test.utils.teardown_test_environment
Translation Overview In order to make a Django project translatable, you have to add a minimal number of hooks to your Python code and templates. These hooks are called translation strings. They tell Django: “This text should be translated into the end user’s language, if a translation for this text is available in tha...
django.topics.i18n.translation
get_script_prefix()
django.ref.urlresolvers#django.urls.get_script_prefix
include(module, namespace=None) include(pattern_list) include((pattern_list, app_namespace), namespace=None) A function that takes a full Python import path to another URLconf module that should be “included” in this place. Optionally, the application namespace and instance namespace where the entries will be inc...
django.ref.urls#django.urls.include
path(route, view, kwargs=None, name=None)
django.ref.urls#django.urls.path
re_path(route, view, kwargs=None, name=None)
django.ref.urls#django.urls.re_path
register_converter(converter, type_name)
django.ref.urls#django.urls.register_converter
resolve(path, urlconf=None)
django.ref.urlresolvers#django.urls.resolve
class ResolverMatch func The view function that would be used to serve the URL args The arguments that would be passed to the view function, as parsed from the URL. kwargs The keyword arguments that would be passed to the view function, as parsed from the URL. url_name The name of the URL patter...
django.ref.urlresolvers#django.urls.ResolverMatch
app_name The application namespace for the URL pattern that matches the URL.
django.ref.urlresolvers#django.urls.ResolverMatch.app_name
app_names The list of individual namespace components in the full application namespace for the URL pattern that matches the URL. For example, if the app_name is 'foo:bar', then app_names will be ['foo', 'bar'].
django.ref.urlresolvers#django.urls.ResolverMatch.app_names
args The arguments that would be passed to the view function, as parsed from the URL.
django.ref.urlresolvers#django.urls.ResolverMatch.args
func The view function that would be used to serve the URL
django.ref.urlresolvers#django.urls.ResolverMatch.func
kwargs The keyword arguments that would be passed to the view function, as parsed from the URL.
django.ref.urlresolvers#django.urls.ResolverMatch.kwargs
namespace The instance namespace for the URL pattern that matches the URL.
django.ref.urlresolvers#django.urls.ResolverMatch.namespace
namespaces The list of individual namespace components in the full instance namespace for the URL pattern that matches the URL. i.e., if the namespace is foo:bar, then namespaces will be ['foo', 'bar'].
django.ref.urlresolvers#django.urls.ResolverMatch.namespaces
route The route of the matching URL pattern. For example, if path('users/<id>/', ...) is the matching pattern, route will contain 'users/<id>/'.
django.ref.urlresolvers#django.urls.ResolverMatch.route
tried New in Django 3.2. The list of URL patterns tried before the URL either matched one or exhausted available patterns.
django.ref.urlresolvers#django.urls.ResolverMatch.tried
url_name The name of the URL pattern that matches the URL.
django.ref.urlresolvers#django.urls.ResolverMatch.url_name
view_name The name of the view that matches the URL, including the namespace if there is one.
django.ref.urlresolvers#django.urls.ResolverMatch.view_name
reverse(viewname, urlconf=None, args=None, kwargs=None, current_app=None)
django.ref.urlresolvers#django.urls.reverse
reverse_lazy(viewname, urlconf=None, args=None, kwargs=None, current_app=None)
django.ref.urlresolvers#django.urls.reverse_lazy
add_never_cache_headers(response) Adds a Cache-Control: max-age=0, no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate, private header to a response to indicate that a page should never be cached.
django.ref.utils#django.utils.cache.add_never_cache_headers
get_cache_key(request, key_prefix=None, method='GET', cache=None) Returns a cache key based on the request path. It can be used in the request phase because it pulls the list of headers to take into account from the global path registry and uses those to build a cache key to check against. If there is no headerlist s...
django.ref.utils#django.utils.cache.get_cache_key
get_max_age(response) Returns the max-age from the response Cache-Control header as an integer (or None if it wasn’t found or wasn’t an integer).
django.ref.utils#django.utils.cache.get_max_age