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The dataset generation failed
Error code: DatasetGenerationError
Exception: CastError
Message: Couldn't cast
run_id: string
total_records: int64
reachable: int64
protected: int64
protected_pct: double
vendors: list<item: struct<vendor: string, sites: int64, pct_of_reachable: double>>
child 0, item: struct<vendor: string, sites: int64, pct_of_reachable: double>
child 0, vendor: string
child 1, sites: int64
child 2, pct_of_reachable: double
kinds: list<item: struct<kind: string, sites: int64, pct_of_reachable: double>>
child 0, item: struct<kind: string, sites: int64, pct_of_reachable: double>
child 0, kind: string
child 1, sites: int64
child 2, pct_of_reachable: double
rank_gradient: list<item: struct<band: string, total: int64, reachable: int64, protected: int64, cloudflare: int64, (... 70 chars omitted)
child 0, item: struct<band: string, total: int64, reachable: int64, protected: int64, cloudflare: int64, enterprise (... 58 chars omitted)
child 0, band: string
child 1, total: int64
child 2, reachable: int64
child 3, protected: int64
child 4, cloudflare: int64
child 5, enterprise_bm: int64
child 6, protected_pct: double
child 7, cloudflare_pct: double
difficulty_band: string
status: int64
probed_at: timestamp[s]
enforcement: string
rank: int64
final_url: string
domain: string
block_reason: string
captcha_types: list<item: string>
child 0, item: string
difficulty_score: int64
custom_vm: bool
to
{'domain': Value('string'), 'rank': Value('int64'), 'reachable': Value('bool'), 'protected': Value('bool'), 'final_url': Value('string'), 'status': Value('int64'), 'difficulty_band': Value('string'), 'difficulty_score': Value('int64'), 'block_reason': Value('string'), 'enforcement': Value('string'), 'probed_at': Value('timestamp[s]'), 'vendors': List(Value('string')), 'kinds': List(Value('string')), 'captcha_types': List(Value('string')), 'custom_vm': Value('bool')}
because column names don't match
Traceback: Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1816, in _prepare_split_single
for key, table in generator:
^^^^^^^^^
File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 613, in wrapped
for item in generator(*args, **kwargs):
~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/packaged_modules/json/json.py", line 343, in _generate_tables
self._cast_table(pa_table, json_field_paths=json_field_paths),
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/packaged_modules/json/json.py", line 132, in _cast_table
pa_table = table_cast(pa_table, self.info.features.arrow_schema)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/table.py", line 2369, in table_cast
return cast_table_to_schema(table, schema)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/table.py", line 2297, in cast_table_to_schema
raise CastError(
...<3 lines>...
)
datasets.table.CastError: Couldn't cast
run_id: string
total_records: int64
reachable: int64
protected: int64
protected_pct: double
vendors: list<item: struct<vendor: string, sites: int64, pct_of_reachable: double>>
child 0, item: struct<vendor: string, sites: int64, pct_of_reachable: double>
child 0, vendor: string
child 1, sites: int64
child 2, pct_of_reachable: double
kinds: list<item: struct<kind: string, sites: int64, pct_of_reachable: double>>
child 0, item: struct<kind: string, sites: int64, pct_of_reachable: double>
child 0, kind: string
child 1, sites: int64
child 2, pct_of_reachable: double
rank_gradient: list<item: struct<band: string, total: int64, reachable: int64, protected: int64, cloudflare: int64, (... 70 chars omitted)
child 0, item: struct<band: string, total: int64, reachable: int64, protected: int64, cloudflare: int64, enterprise (... 58 chars omitted)
child 0, band: string
child 1, total: int64
child 2, reachable: int64
child 3, protected: int64
child 4, cloudflare: int64
child 5, enterprise_bm: int64
child 6, protected_pct: double
child 7, cloudflare_pct: double
difficulty_band: string
status: int64
probed_at: timestamp[s]
enforcement: string
rank: int64
final_url: string
domain: string
block_reason: string
captcha_types: list<item: string>
child 0, item: string
difficulty_score: int64
custom_vm: bool
to
{'domain': Value('string'), 'rank': Value('int64'), 'reachable': Value('bool'), 'protected': Value('bool'), 'final_url': Value('string'), 'status': Value('int64'), 'difficulty_band': Value('string'), 'difficulty_score': Value('int64'), 'block_reason': Value('string'), 'enforcement': Value('string'), 'probed_at': Value('timestamp[s]'), 'vendors': List(Value('string')), 'kinds': List(Value('string')), 'captcha_types': List(Value('string')), 'custom_vm': Value('bool')}
because column names don't match
The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 1369, in compute_config_parquet_and_info_response
parquet_operations, partial, estimated_dataset_info = stream_convert_to_parquet(
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^
builder, max_dataset_size_bytes=max_dataset_size_bytes
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
)
^
File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 948, in stream_convert_to_parquet
builder._prepare_split(split_generator=splits_generators[split], file_format="parquet")
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1683, in _prepare_split
for job_id, done, content in self._prepare_split_single(
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^
gen_kwargs=gen_kwargs, job_id=job_id, **_prepare_split_args
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
):
^
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1869, in _prepare_split_single
raise DatasetGenerationError("An error occurred while generating the dataset") from e
datasets.exceptions.DatasetGenerationError: An error occurred while generating the datasetNeed help to make the dataset viewer work? Make sure to review how to configure the dataset viewer, and open a discussion for direct support.
domain string | rank int64 | reachable bool | protected bool | final_url string | status int64 | difficulty_band string | difficulty_score int64 | block_reason string | enforcement string | probed_at timestamp[s] | vendors list | kinds list | captcha_types list | custom_vm bool |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
google.com | 1 | true | false | https://google.com/ | 200 | easy | 1 | ok | open | 2026-06-14T21:53:05 | null | null | null | null |
gtld-servers.net | 2 | false | false | https://gtld-servers.net/ | 0 | blocked | 10 | unreachable | open | 2026-06-14T18:26:28 | null | null | null | null |
cloudflare.com | 3 | true | true | https://cloudflare.com/ | 200 | medium | 3 | ok | passive_edge | 2026-06-14T11:54:21 | [
"Cloudflare"
] | [
"waf"
] | null | null |
gstatic.com | 4 | true | false | https://gstatic.com/ | 404 | blocked | 10 | other | open | 2026-06-14T10:37:06 | null | null | null | null |
facebook.com | 5 | true | false | https://facebook.com/ | 200 | easy | 1 | ok | open | 2026-06-14T10:09:27 | null | null | null | null |
microsoft.com | 6 | true | false | https://microsoft.com/ | 200 | easy | 1 | ok | open | 2026-06-14T10:57:43 | null | null | null | null |
googleapis.com | 7 | true | false | https://googleapis.com/ | 404 | blocked | 10 | other | open | 2026-06-14T18:31:39 | null | null | null | null |
youtube.com | 8 | true | false | https://youtube.com/ | 200 | medium | 3 | ok | open | 2026-06-14T21:01:29 | null | null | null | null |
amazonaws.com | 9 | true | false | https://amazonaws.com/ | 200 | easy | 1 | ok | open | 2026-06-14T23:19:38 | null | null | null | null |
apple.com | 10 | true | false | https://apple.com/ | 200 | easy | 1 | ok | open | 2026-06-14T13:11:00 | null | null | null | null |
instagram.com | 11 | true | false | https://instagram.com/ | 200 | easy | 1 | ok | open | 2026-06-14T19:32:22 | null | null | null | null |
mail.ru | 12 | true | false | https://mail.ru/ | 200 | easy | 1 | ok | open | 2026-06-14T16:36:41 | null | null | null | null |
akamai.net | 13 | false | false | https://akamai.net/ | 0 | blocked | 10 | unreachable | open | 2026-06-14T23:13:00 | null | null | null | null |
fbcdn.net | 14 | true | false | https://fbcdn.net/ | 200 | easy | 1 | ok | open | 2026-06-14T19:58:09 | null | null | null | null |
ezviz7.com | 15 | false | false | https://ezviz7.com/ | 0 | blocked | 10 | unreachable | open | 2026-06-14T14:41:51 | null | null | null | null |
dzen.ru | 16 | true | false | https://dzen.ru/ | 200 | easy | 1 | ok | open | 2026-06-14T14:39:52 | null | null | null | null |
twitter.com | 17 | true | true | https://twitter.com/ | 200 | medium | 3 | ok | passive_edge | 2026-06-15T02:07:12 | [
"Cloudflare"
] | [
"waf"
] | null | null |
linkedin.com | 18 | true | true | https://linkedin.com/ | 200 | medium | 3 | ok | passive_edge | 2026-06-14T11:31:54 | [
"Cloudflare"
] | [
"waf"
] | null | null |
googletagmanager.com | 19 | true | false | https://googletagmanager.com/ | 404 | blocked | 10 | other | open | 2026-06-14T15:56:42 | null | null | null | null |
googlevideo.com | 20 | true | false | https://www.googlevideo.com/ | 404 | blocked | 10 | other | open | 2026-06-15T02:48:26 | null | null | null | null |
live.com | 21 | true | false | https://live.com/ | 200 | easy | 1 | ok | open | 2026-06-14T14:02:12 | null | null | null | null |
office.com | 22 | true | false | https://office.com/ | 200 | easy | 1 | ok | open | 2026-06-15T02:54:49 | null | null | null | null |
akamaiedge.net | 23 | false | false | https://akamaiedge.net/ | 0 | blocked | 10 | unreachable | open | 2026-06-14T16:35:57 | null | null | null | null |
akadns.net | 24 | false | false | https://akadns.net/ | 0 | blocked | 10 | unreachable | open | 2026-06-14T18:11:51 | null | null | null | null |
amazon.com | 25 | true | false | https://amazon.com/ | 200 | easy | 1 | ok | open | 2026-06-14T15:55:51 | null | null | null | null |
azure.com | 26 | true | true | https://azure.com/ | 200 | easy | 1 | ok | passive_edge | 2026-06-14T17:48:05 | [
"Akamai (edge)"
] | [
"waf"
] | null | null |
wikipedia.org | 27 | true | false | https://wikipedia.org/ | 200 | easy | 1 | ok | open | 2026-06-14T16:31:24 | null | null | null | null |
hicloudcam.com | 28 | true | false | https://www.hicloudcam.com/ | 200 | easy | 1 | ok | open | 2026-06-14T10:12:06 | null | null | null | null |
github.com | 29 | true | false | https://github.com/ | 200 | medium | 3 | ok | open | 2026-06-15T03:21:47 | null | null | null | null |
bing.com | 30 | true | false | https://bing.com/ | 200 | easy | 1 | ok | open | 2026-06-14T17:02:33 | null | null | null | null |
domaincontrol.com | 31 | false | false | https://domaincontrol.com/ | 0 | blocked | 10 | unreachable | open | 2026-06-14T13:43:52 | null | null | null | null |
googleusercontent.com | 32 | true | false | https://googleusercontent.com/ | 404 | blocked | 10 | other | open | 2026-06-14T15:15:04 | null | null | null | null |
doubleclick.net | 33 | true | false | https://doubleclick.net/ | 200 | easy | 1 | ok | open | 2026-06-14T22:56:44 | null | null | null | null |
whatsapp.net | 34 | true | false | https://whatsapp.net/ | 200 | easy | 1 | ok | open | 2026-06-14T12:41:54 | null | null | null | null |
fastly.net | 35 | true | false | https://fastly.net/ | 200 | easy | 1 | ok | open | 2026-06-14T15:41:16 | null | null | null | null |
appsflyersdk.com | 36 | true | true | https://appsflyersdk.com/ | 403 | blocked | 10 | forbidden | active_block | 2026-06-14T15:36:45 | [
"Unidentified WAF / bot protection"
] | [
"access_control"
] | null | null |
apple-dns.net | 37 | false | false | https://apple-dns.net/ | 0 | blocked | 10 | unreachable | open | 2026-06-14T19:11:35 | null | null | null | null |
microsoftonline.com | 38 | false | false | https://microsoftonline.com/ | 0 | blocked | 10 | unreachable | open | 2026-06-14T22:32:45 | null | null | null | null |
trafficmanager.net | 39 | false | false | https://trafficmanager.net/ | 0 | blocked | 10 | unreachable | open | 2026-06-14T16:27:18 | null | null | null | null |
netflix.com | 40 | true | false | https://netflix.com/ | 200 | easy | 1 | ok | open | 2026-06-14T17:24:50 | null | null | null | null |
aaplimg.com | 41 | false | false | https://aaplimg.com/ | 0 | blocked | 10 | unreachable | open | 2026-06-14T12:20:15 | null | null | null | null |
office.net | 42 | false | false | https://office.net/ | 0 | blocked | 10 | unreachable | open | 2026-06-15T03:31:49 | null | null | null | null |
wordpress.org | 43 | true | false | https://wordpress.org/ | 200 | easy | 1 | ok | open | 2026-06-14T12:39:45 | null | null | null | null |
digicert.com | 44 | true | true | https://digicert.com/ | 200 | easy | 1 | ok | passive_edge | 2026-06-14T10:54:46 | [
"Imperva (Incapsula)"
] | [
"waf"
] | null | null |
skype.com | 45 | true | false | https://skype.com/ | 200 | medium | 3 | ok | open | 2026-06-14T12:25:51 | null | null | null | null |
sharepoint.com | 46 | true | false | https://sharepoint.com/ | 200 | easy | 1 | ok | open | 2026-06-14T10:59:26 | null | null | null | null |
youtu.be | 47 | true | false | https://youtu.be/ | 200 | easy | 1 | ok | open | 2026-06-14T18:51:24 | null | null | null | null |
ripn.net | 48 | false | false | https://ripn.net/ | 0 | blocked | 10 | unreachable | open | 2026-06-14T09:45:24 | null | null | null | null |
pinterest.com | 49 | true | true | https://pinterest.com/ | 200 | easy | 1 | ok | passive_edge | 2026-06-14T13:24:05 | [
"Arkose Labs (FunCaptcha)",
"Google reCAPTCHA"
] | [
"captcha"
] | [
"arkose_funcaptcha",
"recaptcha_v2"
] | null |
gandi.net | 50 | true | false | https://gandi.net/ | 200 | easy | 1 | ok | open | 2026-06-14T11:17:44 | null | null | null | null |
cloudfront.net | 51 | false | false | https://cloudfront.net/ | 0 | blocked | 10 | unreachable | open | 2026-06-15T03:26:04 | null | null | null | null |
goo.gl | 52 | true | false | https://goo.gl/ | 400 | blocked | 10 | forbidden | active_block | 2026-06-15T00:00:57 | null | null | null | null |
whatsapp.com | 53 | true | false | https://whatsapp.com/ | 200 | easy | 1 | ok | open | 2026-06-14T15:23:04 | null | null | null | null |
x.com | 54 | true | true | https://x.com/ | 200 | medium | 3 | ok | passive_edge | 2026-06-14T21:14:36 | [
"Cloudflare"
] | [
"waf"
] | null | null |
googlesyndication.com | 55 | true | false | https://googlesyndication.com/ | 200 | easy | 1 | ok | open | 2026-06-14T20:05:40 | null | null | null | null |
yahoo.com | 56 | true | false | https://yahoo.com/ | 200 | easy | 1 | ok | open | 2026-06-14T21:17:17 | null | null | null | null |
cloud.microsoft | 57 | true | false | https://cloud.microsoft/ | 200 | easy | 1 | ok | open | 2026-06-14T22:18:56 | null | null | null | null |
icloud.com | 58 | true | false | https://icloud.com/ | 200 | easy | 1 | ok | open | 2026-06-14T18:10:46 | null | null | null | null |
windowsupdate.com | 59 | false | false | https://windowsupdate.com/ | 0 | blocked | 10 | unreachable | open | 2026-06-14T18:09:20 | null | null | null | null |
tiktok.com | 60 | true | true | https://tiktok.com/ | 200 | easy | 1 | ok | passive_edge | 2026-06-14T11:36:49 | [
"TikTok (proprietary VM)",
"Akamai (edge)"
] | [
"bot_management",
"waf"
] | null | true |
msn.com | 61 | true | true | https://msn.com/ | 200 | easy | 1 | ok | passive_edge | 2026-06-14T14:03:11 | [
"Akamai (edge)"
] | [
"waf"
] | null | null |
spotify.com | 62 | true | false | https://spotify.com/ | 200 | easy | 1 | ok | open | 2026-06-14T17:16:37 | null | null | null | null |
cloudflare.net | 63 | true | true | https://cloudflare.net/ | 200 | medium | 3 | ok | passive_edge | 2026-06-14T13:29:32 | [
"Cloudflare"
] | [
"waf"
] | null | null |
adobe.com | 64 | true | false | https://adobe.com/ | 200 | easy | 1 | ok | open | 2026-06-14T09:25:59 | null | null | null | null |
gvt1.com | 65 | false | false | https://gvt1.com/ | 0 | blocked | 10 | unreachable | open | 2026-06-15T00:04:43 | null | null | null | null |
googledomains.com | 66 | true | false | https://googledomains.com/ | 200 | medium | 3 | ok | open | 2026-06-14T21:37:28 | null | null | null | null |
windows.net | 67 | false | false | https://windows.net/ | 0 | blocked | 10 | unreachable | open | 2026-06-14T19:13:43 | null | null | null | null |
ntp.org | 68 | true | false | https://ntp.org/ | 200 | easy | 1 | ok | open | 2026-06-14T14:42:38 | null | null | null | null |
wa.me | 69 | true | false | https://wa.me/ | 200 | medium | 3 | ok | open | 2026-06-14T19:40:58 | null | null | null | null |
chatgpt.com | 70 | true | true | https://chatgpt.com/ | 200 | medium | 4 | ok | passive_edge | 2026-06-14T23:18:33 | [
"Cloudflare"
] | [
"waf"
] | null | null |
vimeo.com | 71 | true | true | https://vimeo.com/ | 200 | medium | 3 | ok | passive_edge | 2026-06-14T14:29:22 | [
"Cloudflare"
] | [
"waf"
] | null | null |
akam.net | 72 | false | false | https://akam.net/ | 0 | blocked | 10 | unreachable | open | 2026-06-15T03:50:34 | null | null | null | null |
roblox.com | 73 | true | false | https://roblox.com/ | 200 | easy | 1 | ok | open | 2026-06-14T12:18:43 | null | null | null | null |
myfritz.net | 74 | true | false | https://myfritz.net/ | 200 | easy | 1 | ok | open | 2026-06-15T04:00:10 | null | null | null | null |
tiktokcdn.com | 75 | false | false | https://tiktokcdn.com/ | 0 | blocked | 10 | unreachable | open | 2026-06-14T20:08:04 | null | null | null | null |
zoom.us | 76 | true | true | https://zoom.us/ | 200 | medium | 3 | ok | passive_edge | 2026-06-15T00:00:44 | [
"Cloudflare"
] | [
"waf"
] | null | null |
gvt2.com | 77 | false | false | https://gvt2.com/ | 0 | blocked | 10 | unreachable | open | 2026-06-15T01:21:29 | null | null | null | null |
pv-cdn.net | 78 | false | false | https://pv-cdn.net/ | 0 | blocked | 10 | unreachable | open | 2026-06-14T16:04:20 | null | null | null | null |
tiktokv.com | 79 | true | true | https://tiktokv.com/ | 404 | blocked | 10 | other | active_block | 2026-06-14T09:24:12 | [
"Akamai (edge)"
] | [
"waf"
] | null | null |
qq.com | 80 | true | false | https://qq.com/ | 200 | easy | 1 | ok | open | 2026-06-14T15:13:41 | null | null | null | null |
yandex.net | 81 | true | false | https://yandex.net/ | 200 | easy | 1 | ok | open | 2026-06-14T21:12:35 | null | null | null | null |
baidu.com | 82 | true | false | https://baidu.com/ | 200 | easy | 1 | ok | open | 2026-06-14T08:44:13 | null | null | null | null |
edgekey.net | 83 | false | false | https://edgekey.net/ | 0 | blocked | 10 | unreachable | open | 2026-06-14T09:04:22 | null | null | null | null |
ytimg.com | 84 | false | false | https://ytimg.com/ | 0 | blocked | 10 | unreachable | open | 2026-06-14T12:46:41 | null | null | null | null |
cloudflare-dns.com | 85 | true | true | https://cloudflare-dns.com/ | 200 | medium | 3 | ok | passive_edge | 2026-06-14T21:32:40 | [
"Cloudflare"
] | [
"waf"
] | null | null |
workers.dev | 86 | true | true | https://workers.dev/ | 200 | easy | 1 | ok | passive_edge | 2026-06-14T19:46:27 | [
"Cloudflare"
] | [
"waf"
] | null | null |
nginx.org | 87 | true | false | https://nginx.org/ | 200 | easy | 1 | ok | open | 2026-06-14T12:21:53 | null | null | null | null |
windows.com | 88 | true | false | https://windows.com/ | 200 | easy | 1 | ok | open | 2026-06-15T00:40:58 | null | null | null | null |
mozilla.org | 89 | true | false | https://mozilla.org/ | 200 | easy | 1 | ok | open | 2026-06-14T12:48:57 | null | null | null | null |
cdninstagram.com | 90 | false | false | https://cdninstagram.com/ | 0 | blocked | 10 | unreachable | open | 2026-06-14T12:47:07 | null | null | null | null |
nic.ru | 91 | true | false | https://nic.ru/ | 200 | easy | 1 | ok | open | 2026-06-15T02:53:49 | null | null | null | null |
opera.com | 92 | true | false | https://opera.com/ | 200 | easy | 1 | ok | open | 2026-06-14T19:07:58 | null | null | null | null |
yandex.ru | 93 | true | false | https://yandex.ru/ | 200 | easy | 1 | ok | open | 2026-06-15T02:52:10 | null | null | null | null |
samsung.com | 94 | true | true | https://samsung.com/ | 200 | medium | 3 | ok | passive_edge | 2026-06-14T16:51:57 | [
"Akamai (edge)"
] | [
"waf"
] | null | null |
nginx.com | 95 | true | false | https://nginx.com/ | 200 | easy | 1 | ok | open | 2026-06-14T23:18:58 | null | null | null | null |
edgesuite.net | 96 | false | false | https://edgesuite.net/ | 0 | blocked | 10 | unreachable | open | 2026-06-14T23:20:48 | null | null | null | null |
sentry.io | 97 | true | false | https://sentry.io/ | 200 | easy | 1 | ok | open | 2026-06-14T19:18:02 | null | null | null | null |
wordpress.com | 98 | true | false | https://wordpress.com/ | 200 | easy | 1 | ok | open | 2026-06-14T23:40:00 | null | null | null | null |
okcdn.ru | 99 | true | true | https://okcdn.ru/ | 403 | blocked | 10 | forbidden | active_block | 2026-06-14T20:27:01 | [
"Unidentified WAF / bot protection"
] | [
"access_control"
] | null | null |
reddit.com | 100 | true | true | https://reddit.com/ | 200 | medium | 4 | ok | passive_edge | 2026-06-14T09:04:36 | [
"Unidentified WAF / bot protection"
] | [
"access_control"
] | null | null |
End of preview.
Crawlora Anti-Bot Adoption Index — top-1M open dataset
Per-domain results of an independent anti-bot / WAF scan of the top 1,000,000 sites
(seeded from the Tranco research ranking), run top1m-20260614.
Licensed CC BY 4.0.
- 998,497 sites probed · 818,614 reachable · 53.5% of reachable run a managed anti-bot / WAF.
- Searchable explorer + analysis: https://crawlora.net/anti-bot-index · methodology: https://crawlora.net/anti-bot-index/methodology
Files
| file | what |
|---|---|
data/top1m.jsonl.gz |
one JSON record per line (gzipped) — one per probed domain |
data/sample.jsonl |
the first 200 records, uncompressed, for a quick look |
data/summary.json |
headline aggregates, vendor / kind share, and the rank gradient |
Read it: gzip -dc data/top1m.jsonl.gz | head or, in Python,
for line in gzip.open("data/top1m.jsonl.gz","rt"): rec = json.loads(line).
Record schema
| field | meaning |
|---|---|
domain |
the site |
rank |
its Tranco rank |
reachable |
did the homepage return a usable response from our datacenter vantage |
protected |
runs a managed WAF / bot-management / access-control vendor |
vendors |
detected vendor names (array) |
kinds |
protection kinds: waf / captcha / bot_management / access_control / rate_limit |
difficulty_band |
HTTP-tier access tier (easy / medium / hard / blocked) |
block_reason, enforcement |
why a request didn't pass; active vs passive |
custom_vm, captcha_types |
proprietary signed-payload VM flag; detected CAPTCHA types |
final_url, status, probed_at |
landing URL, HTTP status, probe timestamp |
Top vendors (share of reachable)
| Vendor | % of reachable | Sites |
|---|---|---|
| Cloudflare | 45.0% | 368,609 |
| Google reCAPTCHA | 7.5% | 61,238 |
| hCaptcha | 3.5% | 28,249 |
| Unidentified WAF / bot protection | 2.1% | 17,383 |
| Cloudflare Turnstile | 1.3% | 10,910 |
| Imperva (Incapsula) | 0.6% | 5,249 |
| Akamai (edge) | 0.6% | 5,185 |
| Akamai Bot Manager | 0.6% | 4,810 |
| DDoS-Guard | 0.6% | 4,503 |
| Sucuri | 0.3% | 2,224 |
| GeeTest | 0.2% | 2,034 |
| Citrix NetScaler | 0.2% | 1,964 |
The rank gradient
Protection and Cloudflare rise as traffic rank falls; the busiest sites run the least anti-bot, and Cloudflare's dominance is a long-tail story.
| Tranco rank band | Protected | Cloudflare |
|---|---|---|
| top 1k | 44.2% | 23.4% |
| 1k-10k | 50.7% | 34.0% |
| 10k-100k | 52.3% | 40.2% |
| 100k-1M | 53.6% | 45.6% |
Methodology (summary)
A passive homepage fingerprint from a datacenter IP: HTTP status, response header names, Set-Cookie names (names only — never values, so no session tokens or PII), and challenge-shaped body markers, matched against a database of public, documented vendor fingerprints. One GET per homepage; we never submit forms, run CAPTCHAs, or log in. It is a lower bound — homepages are more open than the deep pages people actually scrape, and a datacenter IP sees more challenges than a residential one. Full method: https://crawlora.net/anti-bot-index/methodology.
License & citation
CC BY 4.0 — https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Please cite as "Crawlora Anti-Bot Adoption Index" with a link to https://crawlora.net/anti-bot-index.
Deep-page census (top-50k)
Homepages understate protection: the page you actually scrape — a product, listing,
profile or search page — is often walled differently. We re-probed the same top-50,000
sites at their deep pages (run top50k-deep-20260613, HTTP tier).
| file | what |
|---|---|
data/top50k-deep.jsonl.gz |
86,792 records (homepages + deep pages), one JSON record per line, gzipped |
data/top50k-deep-sample.jsonl |
the first 200 records, uncompressed |
data/top50k-deep-summary.json |
homepage-vs-deep protection stats + page-type counts |
Each record uses the same schema as top1m.jsonl.gz plus a page_type field
(homepage, or the deep-page template: page, category, products, blog, …) and a
category. Filter page_type == "homepage" for the homepage baseline; anything else is a
deep page.
On the same 50k sites: 40.5% of homepages carry a managed wall vs 48.4% of deep pages, and deep pages are ~30× more likely to sit behind a login wall. This is an HTTP-tier (datacenter) probe — it detects a wall's presence, not full browser-tier difficulty; treat it as a lower bound.
Run the detector yourself
The passive anti-bot/WAF detector behind this dataset is open-source (MIT):
go install github.com/Crawlora-org/crawlora-antibot@latest
crawlora-antibot nike.com # → Akamai Bot Manager, hard
Repo: https://github.com/Crawlora-org/crawlora-antibot — same signatures used to build this index.
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