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Jeremy Pritchard, bass player of intelligent pop quartet Everything Everything shares his classic album with The 405,<|fim_middle|> apparent quest to eventually become mechanoid) that makes Kraftwerk infinitely more interesting than a thousand other faceless, soulless electronica artists.
There is a slightly loose concept to Computer World. It does pretty much what the title would suggest - it explores the emergence of new digital technology and its effect on the way we live. It does so passively (the title track), humorously ('Pocket Calculator') and at times it is eerily prescient, particularly on the album's most tender moment 'Computer Love', which basically predicts internet dating, as well as the reliance upon technology that most of us now have. 'Deeper Understanding' by Kate Bush is often credited as being a record that foretells this creepy obsession with technology, but Computer World came out eight years previously, in 1981. Thirty two years ago. I never cease to be amazed by its continuing relevance.
It is not generally considered the best Kraftwerk album. As I understand it, most aficionados prefer the more recognisably European, Kraut and prog leanings of 1977's Trans-Europe Express, or the iconic crystalline pop of The Man Machine from 1978 that has come to typify the group for most people. But of all their albums, Computer World has aged the best and still sounds startlingly modern. When people talk about Kraftwerk's influence on black American music it's always Afrika Bambaataa's 'Planet Rock' (which uses Trans-Europe Express as its basis) that is cited as sole evidence. Whilst that is an important record, this attitude kind of pisses me off, as it fails to acknowledge that Kraftwerk's influence goes beyond a wholesale lifting of one song. The flexing, pulsing sound of Computer World was still influencing Detroit Techno and Chicago House well into the mid nineties, while Cybotron and Juan Atkins made careers out of copying its techniques all through the 1980s. Kraftwerk was about the only group to survive US radio's wholesale switch from rock to disco. Computer World's ultra-minimal, elongated, sumptuous squelch makes it the template for all future techno (and its groovier cousin electro, for that matter).
It feels industrial, even more so than the literal klang of Trans Europe Express's 'Metal On Metal', and it's the evil tonality of the last two tracks (essentially two versions of the same melodic idea, amalgamated into one piece when the band plays live) that gives this impression. You can sense bands that have since been tagged 'industrial' like Nine Inch Nails and Rammstein within it. Incidentally, the closing track, the playfully titled 'It's More Fun To Compute', contains one of my favourite moments in pop music one minute in.
It is oh-so tender too, though. I sometimes think 'Computer Love' might be the most beautiful song I have ever heard. It walks the line between solitary misery and dance floor euphoria so perfectly. I love the way the whole thing subtly shifts up half a gear at 3:20, edging it toward a kind of dejected bliss. In Everything Everything, we talk a lot about this particular elusive mood, which we have dubbed "The Sad Party". We love a sad party; we think it's the best thing you can do in pop.
Komputer Welt is just wonderful. I can't recommend it highly enough. | the impact it has had on him and its prominence as pioneer of "The Sad Party".
My first introduction to Kraftwerk, as a child was the relatively alienating Radioactivity album, and I never gave it a second thought. Years later, with our curiosity and horizons blown in all directions by Radiohead's Kid A and an interest in synthesiser music well instilled, my friends and I investigated The Man Machine; the album that precedes my chosen classic. At first I found the sound of the band dated, rather camp, and somehow impossibly naive. But we kept sticking it on, in amongst Aphex Twin, Boards Of Canada, Brian Eno and the other electronic music we were listening to at the time, and its place in that lineage sort of settled in my mind. At first, my problems with Kraftwerk were superficial. As a child of the 90s, I had also initially baulked at the (then) unfashionably big snare reverbs and chorused guitars in The Smiths' sound, only to break through this and relish the very essence of a unique pop group.
When I heard Computer World, I fell in love with a sound, an image, an approach and a band that still fascinates me, and has certainly been a considerable influence on Everything Everything, mostly through my insistence. Computer World cemented my love of Kraftwerk and I probably think about them every day. I was one of a houseful of stoned teenagers on holiday in Devon when I first heard the record, captivated by the modernity and infectiousness of the rhythms and drum sounds (best exhibited on 'Numbers/Computer World 2'). It is the underpinning pulse, the effervescence present throughout that pushes the whole thing forward, making it move, making it danceable.
Beyond this irresistible fizz there is an inimitable combination of seemingly contradictory elements that underpins all Kraftwerk's work: neat minimalism in a sound that still inspires messy hedonism, industrial and brutalist constructivism coupled with a yearning, innocent humanity. The album perfects a simultaneous celebration and suspicion of technology. It's this complexity and depth of thought, coupled with their insistance on presenting themselves as a traditional human four-piece band (despite what some people saw as their | 470 |
the teen and i were stupid excited for our evening of gleeking the eff out. not to mention, we already knew exactly what we wanted to have for dinner, thanks to many many previous trips to universal citywalk -the very thought of grub from versailles made our mouths water like mad.
we were the saddest people on the entire planet when it sank in that there was to be no garlic chicken or beans and<|fim_middle|>lee live! more on that tomorrow. | rice in store for our bellies. the teen remarked that we must've looked insane, standing there forlornly taking pictures of a restaurant that was apparently long gone.
so we ended up hitting up our backup plan - crepes. ha! still good, but it sure wasn't versailles. boo. afterwards, with plenty of time still to kill, we strolled through sparky's to look at their wide variety of hello kitty-themed goods and other fun novelty items. they'd done some remodeling since our last visit, and now half the store is occupied with a mini-donut shop. and check it out - a cotton candy machine!
too bad it wasn't ready for business yet. story of my life.
concession stand! we paused for a minute to see what prices of souvenirs looked like, and it was pretty comparable to other concerts we've been to. $35-$40 for tees, a hoodie sweatshirt for $70, programs and tote bags for $20, posters and light sticks for $10 and soundtrack CDs for $15-$18.
we found our seats pretty easily, and they weren't awesome, but not bad either.
the teen is a sucker for light sticks and ponied up $10 for one.
"the other asian" is part of a dance crew called LXD - the legion of extraordinary dancers. heh. t they were really good, very entertaining, and yeah, okay - a few of them were super hot.
the lights came up again after they exited the stage, and the "mckinley high school" logo was projected onto the curtain. and then a few minutes later, there was much hullaballoo as a line of cheerleader uniform-clad "cheerios" sashayed out. they were mobbed within minutes as they handed out something that looked like...barf bags. huh?
when "sue sylvester" appeared on the screens, spewing her typical humorous venom, it all made sense - because according to her, the show we were about to see was so bad that we'd all be sick to our stomachs.
i'd already seen a tweet that told me that "mr. shue," played by foxy matthew morrison, was at the yankees game in NYC. damn. i was hoping he'd make an appearance at some point, but it was not to be. instead, i had to settle for his pre-taped mug on the screen along with sue.
the teen and i had a bet on what the show would open with, and while she was convinced it would be "somebody to love," i had a feeling it would be "don't stop believin'." and i was right!
OMG. it was SO. STINKING. FUN. of course, our typical luck at concerts was in full effect - there were a couple of old(er) ladies in front of us who reluctantly stood up with the rest of the arena, plugging their ears the entire time. and behind us? families with small children, who complained about the noise and whined that they couldn't see when everyone in front of them sprang to their feet. we scooted over in front of a couple of empty seats next to us (*gasp* it was supposed to be a sold out show!) in an effort to help the kids see the stage, and went on with our merriment.
"mercedes," played by the fantastic amber riley, did her thang with "bust your windows."
by far my favorite number of the evening - their take on lady gaga's "bad romance," costumes and all. we were both thinking of the bean the entire night, knowing how much she loves the music from glee - not to mention, "bad romance" is a favorite song of hers.
the bean also love, love, loves "rachel's" performance of "don't rain on my parade." and when lea michele appeared down in the audience and began singing that song, the teen and i totally grinned at each other as we imagined how much the bean would have loved it. i think we're both counting the days until she's old enough to come with us on our concert extravaganzas.
giving the cast a little time for costume changes, rivals "vocal adrenaline" came out to perform too.
and then the cast reappeared to further entertain us.
"like a prayer," complete with choir.
i have a video that i took of jonathan groff's "surprise" guest appearance, but i was too impatient to upload it. besides, my friend jess did the work for me. hee! check out her video-filled post and recap here.
although she never gets to sing solo, and isn't necessarily one of the "main" characters, heather morris as "brittany" is probably my favorite out of the cast. she delivers all those awesome one-liners perfectly (like when artie says he's getting cold feet: "can you even feel your feet?") and she's a fantastic dancer. i love her.
we were so bummed when the show came to an end - with "somebody to love," so the teen got it partially right - and filed out of the venue dragging our feet. we each picked up a t-shirt and i added the newest soundtrack CD for us to listen to on our way home, and that was that.
we both still have our ticket stubs in our purses, and the teen wore her shirt to school right away. oh, and the rest of the season on DVD comes out on september 14th - which is mollydog's birthday and only four days till the best day of the year, MY birthday. oh yeah.
guess i know what i'm getting from the teen this year!
cute, right? i love that floral paper so much, and her cousin (a graphic artist) came up with the logo. she was pleased with the way they turned out, and i was glad i could help in some way.
i packed up the teen and the bean on the day of the party, and after a couple of wrong turns (because i never get anything right on the first try), we found ourselves at silk lounge.
the teen was amused at being at a "club."
typical lilcee - lots of cute details and personal touches all around. look at her hand-painted banner with the party logo!
it was a nice space - roomy, comfy, with lots of places to sit and, well, lounge.
i thought this was cute, too - an interactive guessing game to predict what the baby's future might hold.
of course, there was lots of yummy food.
our friend winnie had been tapped to capture the event with her trusty camera, and earlier in the week she'd asked if the teen would be willing to man the photobooth. she dangled a cash payment like a carrot, and it didn't take more than about 2.75 seconds for the teen to jump on the opportunity. as our dear friend tater and her husband set up the backdrop for the photobooth, the bean decided to make herself comfy.
my cousin r and her fiance were in town to get started on wedding planning, and had been so busy that we hadn't gotten a chance to see them. on their way to the airport for their flight home, they stopped in to say hello and drop off a birthday present for the teen (r is the teen's godmother).
of course, we had to test the photobooth for ourselves.
there were party favors for the kids. the bean checked it out and held it out to me. "go to beach, mommy?"
our friend nanette was at the party too, with her adorable baby em. it was funny - we'd both been there for almost an hour before she found us. the place isn't even that big! oh, well. the girls bonded for a minute as the bean watched mickey mouse cartoons on youtube, via my iPhone, and shared it with her friend em.
em quickly lost interest, though, and scurried off to check out what was going on in the next room.
after all that, i'm embarrassed to admit that i didn't get any pictures of the birthday girl or her mommy and daddy. we did pose for a few group shots in the photobooth, but the teen was taking the pictures with winnie's camera and in the shuffle, i completely forgot to ask her to take one with mine. oh, well.
it was a lovely party, and i grabbed a couple of packs of pocky to go. i needed a little extra boost to take me through the rest of the day - because in a few hours, we were leaving for universal city and g | 1,812 |
New Online Educational Partnership
Home › About › News
Michael Hoskin
V<|fim_middle|> BlueBridge Education.
Stewart says, "This online programme will provide valuable access for students who are interested in learning and hearing from current students who are studying at a postgraduate level in the UK. Science and Innovation is synonymous with Cambridge and it is hoped that post-COVID we will be able to host residential programmes in the future so that students can fully appreciate St Edmund's College and wider Cambridge as a life-changing experience during their summer vacations."
Students will take part in online lectures and discussions with Fellows and PDRAs of the College around the theme of Science and Innovation.
For further information and expressions of interest in our programme, please, contact the Global Programme team at gp@st-edmunds.cam.ac.uk. | et Student and Former Jockey Wins Prestigious Award
CR Art Exhibition 2021
The College is delighted to announce that, this summer, it will be partnering with BlueBridge Education to provide short online educational programmes aimed at high-performing students who are approaching the end of their undergraduate studies at international universities.
This opportunity was brought to the College by St Edmund's alumnus Stewart Eru (BA, Social and Political Sciences, 2002), who is Managing Director of | 100 |
Barclays CEO C.S. Venkatakrishnan reveals cancer diagnosis
Barclays boss CS Venkatakrishnan reveals cancer diagnosis, but banking giant's CEO promises to keep working through treatment
Venkatakrishnan said he was diagnosed with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
The condition was caught early and he will be on treatment for up to 16 weeks
He will continue to work during this time but may need to do so from home
By Mike Sheen For It's Money
Published: 11:02 GMT, November 28, 2022 | Updated: 11:03 GMT, November 28, 2022
Barclays CEO CS Venkatakrishnan has told the banking giant's board that he has been diagnosed with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
The American banker, known as Venkat and who succeeded Jes St<|fim_middle|>He added that Barclays has a "highly skilled and seasoned executive committee, supported by a talented management team", and he is confident that the bank will continue "to serve our clients and customers well and deliver strong operational performance. for our shareholders.
He said: "I am deeply grateful and very proud of your extraordinary support and efforts during these volatile times."
Some links in this article may be affiliate links. If you click on it, we may earn a small commission. This helps us fund This Is Money and keep it free to use. We do not write articles to promote products. We do not allow any business relationship to affect our editorial independence.
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In this article:Barclays, cancer, CEO, daily mail, diagnosis, money markets, reveals, silver, Venkatakrishnan | aley in November last year, assured colleagues in an open letter that his "prognosis is excellent" and that his "condition is curable" with a treatment.
Venkatakrishnan said cancer treatment is likely to last 12 to 16 weeks, during which time he said "the business will operate as normal" with the CEO pledging to "actively engage in its management".
He added that he may have to work from home for some periods as he will not be able to travel.
CS Venkatakrishnan was appointed CEO of Barclays in November last year
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is cancer that develops in the lymphatic system, a network of vessels and glands throughout the body.
In the UK, more than 13,000 people are diagnosed with the disease each year, according to the NHS.
Venkatakrishnan has endured a tumultuous tenure, with Barclays having been hit by three landmark scandals since he took the reins – a timeshare mis-selling debacle, the US bond trading problem and an accusation by the Bank of England that she "plays by the rules" on retreats.
After serving as chief risk officer between 2016 and 2020, Venkatakrishnan earlier this year denied that Barclays has a culture problem, saying: "Very strong risk management and culture is important, as well as a smooth relationship with regulators. ."
However, the bank has performed reasonably well during his tenure, helped by rising interest rates.
The lender made a pre-tax profit of £2bn between July and September, up from £1.9bn in the same period a year ago and above analysts' average forecast of £1.8bn of pounds sterling compiled by the bank.
But Barclays shares have fallen around 12.7% since he took office.
Venkatakrishnan told his colleagues: "The good news is that the problem was caught early, with scans and biopsies confirming that it is very localized."
"My treatment is at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York. The doctors have reported that my prognosis is excellent and my condition is curable with their prescribed regimen. This should last 12-16 weeks.
"During this period, the business will operate as normal and I will continue to be actively involved in its management. However, I will have to work from home during certain periods and I will not be able to travel. Fortunately, I have always exercised regularly and I am strong and fit when I start this treatment.
"The board has been kept up to date on my situation and I am extremely grateful for their support."
| 544 |
Art Buzz February 8, 2012: Art Historian Linda Nochlin to lecture on the art of industrial England at Vassar
ART LECTURE NEWS
Nochlin to return to alma mater
Nochlin to lecture on the art of industrial England
Source: Miscellany News, 2-8-12
Courtesy of collegeart.comArt historian Linda Weinberg Nochlin '51, pictured above, is this year's recipient of the Alumnae and Alumni of Vassar College's Distinguished Achievement Award.
Linda Weinberg Nochlin '51 may very well be the single most renowned female art historian in academia today. It should come as no surprise, then, that Nochlin is this year's recipient of the Alumnae and Alumni of Vassar College's (AAVC) Distinguished Achievement Award. Nochlin will return to Vassar on Feb. 9 to deliver a talk entitled "Gericault's London: Representing Misery after the Industrial Revolution?" She will receive AAVC's award the following day.
After graduating from Vassar in 1951 with a degree in philosophy, Nochlin attended Columbia University, where she received her Master of Arts in English, followed by New York University's Institute of Fine Arts, where she wrote a dissertation on Gustave Courbet, a 19th Century French painter who is synonymous with the Realist art movement.
Nochlin received her Ph.D in 1963 and returned to her alma mater that same year, as an assistant professor of art history. Nochlin taught at Vassar between 1952 and 1980, eventually serving as the Mary Conover Mellon Professor of Art History.
Nochlin is currently the Lila Acheson Wallace Professor of Modern Art at the Institute of Fine Arts, New York University. She has taught at Yale University and at the City University of New York, and has written numerous articles and books, including Representing Women; The Body in Pieces; Women, Art, and Power and Other Essays; and The Politics of Vision.
Despite her expansive list of publications, Nochlin has always remained a dedicated, passionate teacher. Sarah Gibson Blanding Professor of Art Susan Kuretsky '63 pointed out Nochlin's abilities as a professor. "Her lectures were characterized by great clarity of thinking, organization, even diction; and extremely subtle, lovely and elegant language. Rarely have I heard anyone translate works of art into words the way she can do," Kurestky wrote in an emailed statement. "Everyone who heard her learned a lot about how to present material as well as the material itself."
She is perhaps most well known for her groundbreaking essay, "Why Have There Been No Great Women Artists?" First published in a 1971 issue of ARTnews Magazine, the essay questions why there were no women equivalents for the great men artists like, say, Michelangelo, Rembrandt, Cézanne, Picasso, Matisse or de Kooning.
In discussing her own specialty in art history, Kurestky noted that there are also few women artists in the canon of Dutch 17th-century Baroque art. "Although few<|fim_middle|>Linda drew attention here."
Nochlin argued that the "elitist" structures on which art history is based had systematically excluded women artists, and that social and academic constraints had discouraged women's pursuit of art-making. The essay dared to challenge both the chauvinistic notions of the male-dominated art world as well as emerging feminist viewpoints. Nochlin was a part of a growing movement of feminist scholarship in academia that newly reassessed the role of women in fields within the visual and performing arts.
For these reasons, Nochlin is often considered to be a founding mother of feminist art history, but her interests cover an impressively wide range. Kuretsky pointed out, "[Her essay] opened up a whole new area and way of thinking about art, but I've thought since that although this piece always get mentioned, Linda herself should not be pigeon-holed as a feminist art historian, as her writings range over such a great variety of topics and artists. But no one who reads this article, which came out of a seminar she taught at Vassar, can be unchanged."
Kurtesky first encountered Nochlin as an undergraduate at Vassar during her experience taking Introduction to Art History. "[Nochlin gave] 105 lectures that were of such power and brilliance that people used to sneak back in to hear her," Kuretsky wrote, "even after they had already taken the course."
Like Nochlin, Kuretsky also graduated from Vassar. Kuretsky went to Harvard, and obtained a Master's and P.h.D in art history. She then returned to her alma mater to teach art history in 1975. Kuretsky at this point became one of the colleagues of Nochlin—the very woman who once taught Kuretsky while she was still an undergraduate student. "Linda was an extremely impressive and inspiring colleague when I came back to teach at Vassar," Kurestky wrote.
"I remember vividly her dazzling lectures in Art 105, Northern Painting and in 19th- and 20th-Century art." It was one of the first undergraduate art history courses devoted to the study of women in art.
During Vassar's sesquicentennial celebration last year, Nochlin sat down with Professor and Chair of Art Molly Nesbit '74 and spoke about her introduction to the field of art history. "I took 105 partly because everyone said you had to do it, but also because I heard Adolph Katzenellenbogen give a public lecture on Chartres," Nochlin reflected. "You know: ideas, sensual beauty, architecture, history. It was like a gesamtkunstwerk [a work of art that makes use of several forms]. That was how I looked on art history."
Nochlin also mentioned in the interview just how lucky she felt to be a student at Vassar, in light of the school's commitment to women's education. "I saw that women could be brilliant thinkers and hard-working thinkers and devoted, serious thinkers. And I liked that. I felt at ease, and comfortable," she said.
Throughout her career, Nochlin has been the recipient of many honors and awards, including Guggenheim and National Endowment for the Humanities fellowships. Her presence at Vassar will surely resonate with students and faculty alike. "She really is a dazzler!" Kurtesky concluded.
Posted in Academic News, Art News, Lectures
Tagged Feminist Art History, Industrial England, Linda Nochlin, Linda Weinberg Nochlin, New York University, Realism
https://arthistorybuzz.wordpress.com/2012/02/08/art-historian-linda-nochlin-to-lecture-on-the-art-of-industrial-england-at-vassar/
Art Buzz February 8, 2012: Sinclair Bell: Northern Illinois University art historian co-edits book that explores cultural, societal impact of freed Roman slaves
Art Buzz February 9, 2012: Greg Clark: Sewanee art historian next Mississippi State University humanities lecturer | women artists were active in the period I teach," Kurestky wrote, "I include Judith Leyster and Rachel Ruysch—not only because they were women but because they were good and including them adds an important point of view to the material— | 51 |
By Sarah Mower
Guillaume Henry's irrepressible excitement about showing at Paris Fashion Week is as bubbly as the aerated, ballooning, colorful shapes that burst through his<|fim_middle|> rooted in authentic, refreshed references, but also grounded in Henry's energetic, practical empathy for what the women who surround him will wear. "We love this—it's a wardrobe. At the beginning of every season we always start with: What is needed? What are you missing?" And this, even in a year of lockdown, is how the garden of Patou grows, putting on sales, adding fans and followers, season by season. | iPad screen on his tour of Patou this morning. "When we're close to Fashion Week, suddenly I've got butterflies in my stomach!" he said. "And you know it's a celebration expressing all the joy, the excitement, the fantasy we have while we're working on a fashion project. So even if we do it by distance—we do it." This was his invitation to a walk around the "winter garden" that he'd set up for virtual visitors to the Patou studio. "I wanted a very fresh, enthusiastic winter. So every single room here is a bouquet, each with its own range of color."
Turquoise, orange, lilac, pink, red, yellow; vast volumes here, gigantic collars there; flower-power-y prints on '70s-flavored tailoring. This garden of Henry's had everything going on, including the bird-whistle toggles on a coat. Really, though, everything had grown from the signatures that Henry has planted over the last several seasons to such clever effect—the flavor of French regional costume, the Provençal embroidery, the Parisian-girl suiting, the playful, jaunty accessories. Last summer's drop of mini-florals—including the pouf skirt and puff-sleeved blouse which was showered with girl-love across the internet—just gave rise to an even more exaggerated blooming of silhouettes this season. Yet, as Henry demonstrated by smoothing down what appeared to be a pair of the widest leg'o'mutton sleeves ever suggested (as seen in the look book), the shape of fabric can be tweaked by the wearer just as she pleases. Voila!
There was one more secret property of that magic, uncrushable fabric: It was "eco faille" in 100% recycled polyester. "We have have reached 70% organic or recycled this season," said Henry. "And the prices are really on-point. We've worked on that a lot." A large part of his talent is considering how to make haute-looking fashion work for lots of girls with differing tastes, lives and body-types. "Patou was always about generous couture volumes," Henry said, delving into the details of elasticated hems and ribbon tie-waists. Everything adjustable, not nipping. "You know, when we're normally talking about comfort, it's yoga pants and cocooning things. I'm so not into sportswear. So why don't we make it comfy, with ease—and all about Patou?"
He found more Patou-ness in the archives too. "We discovered these naïve, colorful, sort of flower-power prints which were made by Michel Goma in the '70s," he said. "In that period flowers meant freedom, too. I met him the other week—he's 91, and he showed me everything he did back in the day. It was so full of joy." Each look was really a pile-up of elements—turtlenecks, hand-crocheted folkloric vests, smart tailoring, detachable collars—ready to be dismantled by the customer. "It depends on the woman you are—more flamboyant or more modest, you can make it sexy, you can make it shy," said Henry. "On our website, you know, we take one piece and show how it can be worn in four different ways." It's high fantasia for Fashion Week, that's for sure; all of it | 718 |
Differences In Stroker Engines | Proformance Unlimited Inc.
To<|fim_middle|> diameter and to a center line further from the actual center of the crankshaft. This effectively lengthened the travel of the piston in the cylinder, increasing its cubic inches. With the offset grind yields a small increase because the crankshaft can only be ground so much. In addition, it was labor-intensive, expensive, and potentially weakened the stock crankshaft.
Square strokers have a good balance of horsepower and torque production. They can be tailored to make stout low-end torque or high-end horsepower depending on the components selected. They're excellent for weekend warrior race cars and high-performance street cars.
Under-square strokers shine in lower RPM and high-torque applications. When the engine's bore size is limited, an aftermarket crankshaft will increase the size by 60-60 ci. | have an engine make more power a common technique is to increase cubic inches. That can be done 3 different ways: increase bore size, the length of the stroke, or a combination of the two. The term stroker is used when referencing high-performance engines but let's get into what it really means.
A stroke is an engine that has the stroke of its crankshaft increased beyond stock specs. This mod can be done 2 different ways. First, you can offset grind the crankshaft. Before after-market crankshafts were readily available, the crankshaft's rod journal would be intentionally ground into a smaller | 123 |
The first portion of the program was dedicated to Guitarist John Fahey, an innovative and eccentric guitarist who in the 1960s and 1970s was an important influence on many guitarists including Leo Kottke and Peter Lang, died Feb. 22 from complications following sext<|fim_middle|> finished the night with a belated song for Mardi Gras which, unfortunately, seems to be transitioning in recent times from celebrated folk rituals to straight-out drunken brawls. | uple heart bypass surgery earlier in the week. He would have been 62 years old on Feb. 28. Fahey preferred to be known as an "American primitivist" but in many respects he was also acknowledged as the "godfather of the New Age guitar movement." An ardent record collector in the 1950s and 1960s, Fahey was instrumental in the rediscovery of blues artists Skip James and Bukka White.
"New folk" comprised the second portion of the show, highlighting recent debut recordings received from performers who make their home in Connecticut. One other performer, Licia Sky, lives in the Boston area but her CD was sent along by a relative in Stratford, who is a listener.
We | 156 |
DHA & AA are are long chain poly-unsaturated Omega-3 and Omega-6 fatty acids and are found in the brain and eye tissue.
GOS is a nutritional fibre that assists in the growth of healthy bacteria that support your baby's digestive system.
Neolac Organic is a brand of Ausnutria Nutrition B.V. Neolac Organic is produced in the northeast of the Netherlands using organic cow's milk sourced exclusively from Dutch organic farms.
Ne<|fim_middle|> the tin, because it is conveniently attached to the lid. | olac Organic milk formula is made of 100% Dutch organic meadow milk. Our farmers choose for organic agriculture out of their passion for nature and animal welfare. No GMOs, pesticides or artificial fertilizers are used during the entire production process.
Neolac Organic combines a modern formulation with premium organic ingredients. The formula has been enriched with key fatty acids DHA and AA, as well as organic GOS fibres. All to help your baby flourish.
How many months is your child?
We think the environment is very important. We eat organic ourselves and our daughter Tamara therefore also receives organic baby food from Neolac.
Proud of the idea that the organic baby food from Neolac comes from our own cows! Our daughter is enjoying it!
Very user-friendly packaging! I never have to look for the scoop in | 170 |
Uni spin-out opens world's largest nanoparticle plant
Posted on 13 Jul 2016 by Jonny Williamson
University of<|fim_middle|> January | Nottingham spin-out business, Promethean Particles, has opened the world's first facility which is capable of producing thousands of different nanomaterials.
Nanoparticles are used for a variety of uses, such as in artificial bone; scratch proof coatings; printed electronics, and flame retardant materials.
Zironium Oxide nanoparticles at 5 nanometres – image courtesy of University of Nottingham.
The plant, which was developed as part of a pan-European nanomaterials research programme – known as SHYMAN – can manufacture more than a thousand tonnes of nanomaterials every year.
The SHYMAN (Sustainable Hydrothermal Manufacturing of Nanomaterials) project, which had a total value of €9.7m, included partner universities and businesses from 12 European countries.
The outcome of the project was the creation of the largest multi-material nanoparticle plant in the world, based in Nottingham. Operated by Promethean, the plant is able to operate at supercritical conditions, producing up to 200kg of nanoparticles an hour.
Speaking about the project, Professor Ed Lester, Technical Director of Promethean Particles explained: "This new facility opens up a significant amount of new opportunities for us. We have already had a lot of interest from companies in a diverse range of sectors.
"From healthcare, where nanoparticles can be used in coatings on medical devices, to enhanced fabrics, where nanomaterials can add strength and flexibility to textiles, and in printed electronics, as we are able to print materials such as copper."
The SHYMAN project was funded by the European Union's Framework Programme 7 (FP7), which enables universities and businesses across Europe to explore the potential of new technologies in industry.
Dr Susan Huxtable, director of Intellectual Property and Commercialisation at The University of Nottingham, said: "These are very exciting times for Promethean Particles. The new facility opens up a myriad of opportunities for them to sell their services into new markets right across the world.
"It is a great example of how many of the technologies developed by academics here at The University of Nottingham have the potential to benefit both industry and society."
Daily Manufacturing News Digest – the industry stories you should be aware of today – 17 | 460 |
<|fim_middle|>000-2016).
Behind Sánchez was the battle for the other medals. Immediately outside of Sánchez, Joey Woody started slower, so Sánchez made up the stagger and passed Woody between the second and third hurdle. The closest to Sánchez, immediately to his inside was Periklis Iakovakis. Through the final turn, Chris Rawlinson and Danny McFarlane began to pull even with Iakovakis. By the eighth hurdle, Llewellyn Herbert pulled even with McFarlane. Between the eighth and ninth hurdles, Herbert put on a burst that put a meter on everyone except Sánchez, with Woody moving into contention behind him. Herbert had a firm grasp on silver until he hit the tenth hurdle, sprawling him to the track. Woody was the next to clear the hurdle and finished strongly to take that silver, a meter ahead of Iakovakis.
Final
Semi-final
Held on Wednesday 2003-08-27
Heats
Held on Tuesday 2003-08-26
See also
Athletics at the 2003 Pan American Games - Men's 400 metres hurdles
Notes
References
H
400 metres hurdles at the World Athletics Championships | These are the official results of the Men's 400 metres hurdles event at the 2003 IAAF World Championships in Paris, France. There were a total number of 36 participating athletes, with five qualifying heats, three semi-finals and the final held on Friday August 29, 2003 at 22:05h.
Summary
Félix Sánchez went out with purpose, to defend his championship, taking a clear lead over the first hurdle. He never looked back, just continuing to extend his lead to win by almost a full second. His winning time of 47.25 turned out to be the lifetime personal record of the future double Olympic gold medalist. It was the number 7 time in history, at the time, and has only been surpassed once since, by .01 by 2008 gold medalist Angelo Taylor, though it was also tied by Kerron Clement as he won the 2016 Olympics (which name-checks all Olympic champions from this era, 2 | 223 |
Rick Springfield – Songs For The End Of The World Album Review
For all his accomplishments as an actor, a best-selling author and the subject of a recent documentary, Rick Springfield's first love has always been music, since the first time he picked up a guitar at the age of 12 in his native Australia. That passion for writing and performing songs, as well as playing guitar, comes through loud and clear on his new album, "Songs for the End of the World".
"There's real feeling in it, but you can't write about that stuff too seriously," he says of his sometimes tongue-in-cheek approach to serious subjects. "In the end, it's about the world in flames, but from a personalized viewpoint. I take what's happening to me and place it in a universal context. It's what I've always tried to do with my songwriting."
With 25 million albums sold, 17 U.S. top-40 hits, including "Don't Talk to Strangers", "An Affair of the Heart", "I've Done Everything for You", "Love Somebody", and "Human Touch", as well as a 1981 Grammy® Best Male Rock Vocal win for his No. 1 single hit "Jessie's Girl" behind him, Springfield proves that he has still got more to say
Considering the bloke is 63, and been a music performer since 1969 ( I was just two!!), hes still as relevant today as he was at his pinnacle in the 80's. Listening to the new album, nothings missing at all, not a single fault in his vocal rage. Fuck me, he still looks great too.
His 2010 autobiography, Late, Late at Night…: A Memoir, for Simon & Schuster's Touchstone imprint, entered The New York Times best-seller list at No. 13, hitting the Los Angeles Times and Publishers Weekly lists as well, with Rolling Stone recently naming it one of the Top 25 rock autobiographies of all time. In the book, Springfield revealed the life-long depression he's battled throughout his career, a theme he returns to in such songs as "I Hate Myself" and "Love Screws Me Up." "I'm not the shiny, happy guy people think I am from my role in General Hospital," insists Springfield. "I tend to put that angst into my music."
Its is first album in four years since 2008's Venus In Overdrive, and all the songs on Songs For The Edge Of The World are all short, trimmed little Duracell power packed nuggets with hardly a song over 4mins. If youre a fan of 'The Springfield' then this one will have you in multi-orgasm territory. All his trademarked strengths are here, take the opener for example, Wide Awake has a chorus that just gets under your skin immediately (in a good way I might add). In a similar vein is the extremely catchy 'A Sign Of Life'. 'My Last Heartbeat' is a groovier/ heavier rocker than most on the album, and also features Mr Mister's Richard Page on backing vocals. Going back to the 80s, Rick had a knack for writing pop songs, and Theres a couple on offer here in the acoustic 'Gabriel', and 'Joshua' in particular.
Im guessing Springfield's long term friend and guitarist Tim Pierce is in session on the rockier 'Depravity' as it's the sole song with a guitar solo. It would be a waste otherwise if Pierce wasn't utilised in one way or another. (Check out Pierces allmusic page for all his credits…astounding work)
Springfield has set his sights on the collector in us all. Its being sold as four different versions, each one complete with different bonus material, and covers
So to round up, looks great…check, sounds great…double check, as an album, I doubt there's many better than this for your buck in 2012. Power pop/rock, unashamedly 80s in parts, all delivered with a style and panache that only Rick Springfield can.
I hate the bloke!!!
Tracklisting: Wide Awake; Our Ship's Sinking; I Hate Myself; You And Me; Gabriel; A Sign of Life; My Last Heartbeat; Joshua; Love Screws Me Up; I Found You; Depravity; One Way Street ; Let Me In (Bonus Track); My DUI (Exclusive Bonus Track).
The Bug – album only I-tunes exclusive track
Rick Springfield: Guitars, Lead Vocals
Matt Bissonette: Bass & Keyboards, Background Vocals
George Bernhardt: Guitars
Rodger Carter: Drums
Additional Guitars: George Nastos, Dan Strain, Tim Pierce
Additional percussion: Ronnie Grinel
Additional vocals: Richard Page on 2,7,12
Additional vocals: John Waite on 2
Author barnstoneworthutdPosted on October 31, 2012 November 2, 2020 Categories ReviewsLeave a comment on Rick Springfield – Songs For The End Of The World Album Review
Jimi Jamison – Never Too Late Album Review
Often referred to as one of the American top Rock vocalists, Jimi Jamison has been the singer with Target, Cobra and finally Survivor – who rejoined in late 2011 – for more than a decade, apart from being an accomplished solo artist on his own.
Jimi performed back up vocals on recordings by ZZ Top, Joe Walsh and numerous other recording artists. Billy Gibbons refers to Jimi as the fourth member of ZZ Top and Casey Kasem (kids of a certain age know him as the voice of Shaggy, in Scooby Doo, before Scrappy came on the scene and fuckin' ruined it!!), on his nationally syndicated radio show American Top 40, referred to Jimi Jamison as "The Voice". Among Jamison's best known performances are "Burning Heart", from the Rocky IV movie which hit #2 on the Billboard Charts, "High On You" (#8), and "The Search Is Over" (#4).
His solo career started in 1991 with the release of "When Love Comes Down" followed in 1999 by "Empires", the album which included the theme, "I'm Always Here" for Baywatch. In 2008 he teamed up with ex Survivor band mate, Jim Peterik who wrote and produced for him the acclaimed album "Crossroads Moment". On the heels of this superb release, Jimi toured Europe a few times and culminated with an appearance<|fim_middle|>ianados will gravitate towards the final movement, but after many listens over the years, I've come to appreciate the total classical work of all three. It just has to be listened to in its entirety
Just hearing the final version is enough to make a grown man cry. All the artists make great contributions to the piece. Lord is one of the few people who make his Hammond sound meaner than a guitar and truly has a trademarked sound. This version is the one he wanted us all to hear.
Thankfully just before his death Jon Lord gave it is approval. He leaves behind a truly great legacy of music. He will be sorely missed. A great epitaph to a great man
Author barnstoneworthutdPosted on October 20, 2012 November 2, 2020 Categories ReviewsLeave a comment on Jon Lord – Concerto For Group And Orchestra Album Review
Night Ranger – 24 Strings And A Drummer Album Review
The 90s heralded a change in format for many a rock band. MTV kicked off their unplugged series, and some of them were damned good. Looking back, Pearl Jam and Queensryche were personal favourites in this MTV format. Then Tesla came along a blew away all-comers with their 'Five Man Acoustical Jam'. Just like 'Mindcrime' is the modern concept album to be judged by, Tesla followed suit with 'FMAJ'. Everyone tried it in the 90s, and I mean everyone, come with not so favourable results unfortunately.You know who you are.
So 2012, sees one of USA's finest taking on the acoustic genre, 20 years later than the rest. Me personally, I'd rather see them come out with a live set of rockers, especially as their (and I use this term in its loosest sense) 'UK Tour' consisted of one gig in London, 2 yrs in succession. Go North next time!!!!!! So yes I'm jealous that I couldn't go to London twice to see them. I'm over it now, nah I'm not!
Anywho with a back catalogue like 'the Rangers' have, it's a positive shoe in for some of their faves, and not so faves to be converted acoustically. As a celebration of the 30th anniversary of their debut album, Night Ranger has planned a very special release: an album/DVD recorded live in an intimate all-acoustic setting, with a select number of fans at The Studio D Recording in Sausalito, CA in May 2012. The result is compelling and exciting live renditions of the band's classic hits with new, refreshing arrangements; tracks include "(You Can Still) Rock In America", "Sister Christian", "This Boy Needs To Rock" or "Four In The Morning."
Titled 24 Strings and a Drummer, it asks the question of keyboardist Eric Levy. He clearly plays a part, as he proves on his intro to Sentimental Street, so throw in the number of keys as well!!!
Night Ranger start of with some well known tried and tested faves, 'This Boy Needs To Rock', & 'When You Close Your Eyes'. The newer and very decent 'Growing Up In California', gets an airing, but the first 'prick of the ears' moment is the very cool 'Secret Of My Success'. Night Ranger wouldn't be Night Ranger if they didn't have the golden tonsils of Kelly Keagy, and still shows he has what it takes on their mega hits Goodbye and Sister Christian. I love Jack Blades to bits, but Keagy gives them a different sound. The band really sound as if they are enjoying the gig immensely.
Don't Tell Me You Love Me is as good as the electric version, and they close out with 2 highlights in You Can Still Rock In America, and a cover of Don Henly's Boys Of Summer.
Despite me personally wanting a full on electric live album, Night Ranger (and Frontiers) know much better than me as the acoustic album we have here is a delight. I just wish I'd gotten the DVD to review as well, as I much prefer to see live gigs than just listening to the buggers
24 Strings and a Drummer (and a keyboard) shows what a legacy of songs that Night Ranger have in their song writing portfolio. I'd have loved to have seen them play something (nay,anything) from the very underrated Man In Motion. Again, I know nothing!
CD: This Boy Needs To Rock; When You Close Your Eyes; Sing Me Away; Growin' Up In California; The Secret Of My Success; Sentimental Street; Four In The Morning; Let Him Run / Goodbye; Forever All Over Again; Don't Tell Me You Love Me; Sister Christian; (You Can Still) Rock In America; Boys Of Summer (Bonus Track).
DVD: This Boy Needs To Rock; When You Close Your Eyes; Sing Me Away; Growin' Up In California; The Secret Of My Success; Sentimental Street; Four In The Morning; Let Him Run / Goodbye; Forever All Over Again; Don't Tell Me You Love Me; Sister Christian; (You Can Still) Rock In America.
Bonus feats: Night Ranger all access – Growin' Up In California(videoclip) – Making of the Album "Growing Up In California".
Jack Blades (Lead Vocals, Guitar, Bass)
Kelly Keagy (Lead Vocals, Drums, Percussion)
Brad Gillis (Lead Guitars, Background Vocals)
Joel Hoekstra (Lead Guitars, 12 String Guitar, Background Vocals)
Eric Levy (Keyboards, Background Vocals)
Author barnstoneworthutdPosted on October 20, 2012 November 2, 2020 Categories ReviewsLeave a comment on Night Ranger – 24 Strings And A Drummer Album Review
Nubian Rose – Mountain Album Review
Now! I have a bit of a hankering for female fronted rock bands, Ann Wilson, Leigh Matty, Pat Benatar, Sandi Saraya, Loraine Lewis, Robin Beck, and so on. None of these will ever replace my dear departed Dio, but I do like the way a female rock singer stamps her authority on a song
I was pleasantly overjoyed when the Nubian Rose hit my inbox (I prefer cds, by the way). NR are fronted by Swedish Idol judge (good job Sweden, whereas the UK version, X Factor, is staffed by a bunch of Fucktard judges who couldnt find their arses with both hands tied behind their backs).
The debut album, Mountain, was released in Sweden in the end of June. The reputation of the album reached way outside of the Swedish borders just within weeks. Nubian Rose has already been played on radio in Italy, Spain, France, Greece and USA. Fans from all over the world has signed up to their Facebook page and the album has even been number one on rock charts at international mail order companies. All this has happened without any international releases or any kind of pr, just through the power of the Internet, rock fans and great music.
The music of Nubian Rose is influenced by the makers of great hard rock riff in the 80's; Whitesnake, Dio, Scorpions, Michael Schenker to name a few. "Mountain" has a powerful, up to date sound and is mixed by swedish star producer Tobias Lindell (Europe, H.e.a.t. Hardcore Superstar).
Nubian Rose proudly wears its Melodic Rock badge firmly on their sleeve, its pure unashamed, unadulterated AOR. And rightly so, what with AOR enjoying a renaissance these past couple of years, and long may it continue. Its great to new bands coming along to take Melodic Rock into the future as well as the existing 80s bands plying their trades….still!
Opening track ' Ever See Your Face' is so 80's I had to dig out my leg warmers just to continue listening to it! Sofia Lilja certainly has the chops for this style, and has certainly been beaten with the 'pretty stick'! 'Mountain" continues pretty much in the same punchy vein, all guitars blazing. Everything here is short and sweet with production letting the music (and vox) really do the talking. Songs like How Am I and Your Love have that FM Radio appeal. Living For Tomorrow sees Europe's (the band) guitarist Kee Marcello adding his weight, and Mats Leven (Malmsteen / At Vance) joins Litja on a cover of Qzzy & Lita Ford's Close My Eyes Forever. Someone has good 'guest' contacts. Guitarist Christer Åkelund does a Ronseal (what it says on the tin), production is sharp and polished and his guitar playing is no different. Songs like Reckless, and Once Bitten in particular leave me wanting a little more.
Whilst its nothing spectacular, it still has enough to appease the melodic rock population. Its metal by numbers, and has all been done before. I'm not being critical, just stating a point. Nubian Rose whilst unadventurous is still a decent album
1. EVER SEE YOUR FACE
2. MOUNTAIN
3. LIVING FOR TOMORROW
4. HOW AM I
5. GET READY
6. YOUR LOVE
7. ONCE BITTEN
8. RECKLESS
9. CLOSE MY EYES FOREVER
10. SISTERS
www.nubianrose.com
Sofia Lilja – vocals, Christer Åkerlund- guitar, Thomas LIndgren – guitar, Henrik Uhrbom – bass, David Algesten – drums, Fredrik Åkerlund – keyboard.
Author barnstoneworthutdPosted on October 19, 2012 November 2, 2020 Categories ReviewsLeave a comment on Nubian Rose – Mountain Album Review | at the popular Firefest in the UK in 2011.
In the meanwhile Jamison started to work together with Swedish songwriter and producer Erik Mårtensson (W.E.T., Eclipse etc), who had met "virtually" while working on the successful Kimball Jamison duet album to which Mårtensson had contributed with some songwriting.
So there you have it, whether you admit to it or not, practically everyone knows Jimi Jamison, unless you've been living under a rock, or in a cave for the last 30 yrs, or if you thought your dad had a surname called Fritzl!!
So what we have here is a mighty fine slice of modern contemporary melodic rock. The heaviest he's done (as Frontiers PR states)? I'm not so certain of that, considering other Mårtensson projects (Eclipse and Toby Hitchcock) this year have rocked (much) harder than this album. That aside, it's the best album that Jamison has put his John Hancock to quite some time indeed.
'Everybody's Got A Broken heart' and 'The Great Unknown' really kick the album off to a great start with Jamison's trademark vocals having more polish than Mr Sheen's door knob. Couple this with infectious choruses and more licks than my dog can muster, and 'Never Too Late' doesn't look back for a moment. We also get out obligatory ballads. If you want ballads, then there's a feast of them in the way of the excellent 'The Air I Breathe' and the heartbreaking, 'Heaven Call Your Name'.
If you've a hankering for 80s Survivor themed songs then look no further than 'Never Too Late' as Mårtensson has delivered a set of songs that they can both be very proud of. 'I Cant Turn Back' is huge, and stands up well against any previous Survivor song. 'Street Survivor' is and edgier song than most, think Survivor on Viagra!
With a voice that has not waivered over the years, I can see this in many a melodic rock fans Top 10 albums of the year
Score : 70/100
Tracklisting: Everybody's Got A Broken Heart; The Great Unknown; Never Too Late; I Can't Turn Back; Street Survivor; The Air I Breathe; Not Tonight; Calling The Game; Bullet In The Gun; Heaven Call Your Name; Walk On (Wildest Dreams).
JIMI JAMISON
PRODUCED BY : Erik Martensson
Jimi Jamison – Lead Vocals
Erik Mårtensson – Lead & Rhythm Guitar. Bass, Keyboards & Backing Vocals
Magnus Ulfstedt – Drums
Jonas Öijvall – HammondB3, Piano & Analog Synthesizers
Magnus Henriksson – Lead Guitar on "Street Survivor" & "Heaven Call Your Name"
Author barnstoneworthutdPosted on October 31, 2012 November 2, 2020 Categories ReviewsLeave a comment on Jimi Jamison – Never Too Late Album Review
Random Rant!
Random Rant No4!
Girls Aloud to play MEN Arena in 2013!!
My thoughts on the subject on behalf of most of the bands I love and haven't played there…………
FUCK OFF YOU TALENTLESS BUNCH OF MIME ARTISTS!!!!!
Much better!!!!!!
Author barnstoneworthutdPosted on October 27, 2012 November 2, 2020 Categories EditorialLeave a comment on Random Rant!
Black Country Communion – Afterglow Album Review
Well there may well we trouble a t'mill within the Country of Black Communion, but I can tell you all from the very first listen, that there is absolutely bugger all wrong with the music being turned out. When me 'n No.1 son were down in 'dat dare London' the other week for the marvellous '50 years of Loud – Marshall' gig, a bit of a rift was opening within Twitter between Hughes and Bonamassa (who is probably the only person of the planet whose output is more prolific than BCC), and in the weeks that have passed, time has proven not to be a healer with a one off UK gig being arranged and swiftly cancelled, with Bonamassa stating that ''principle still stands for something in 2012. I'm ready to move on'', with a swift response of ''Me, too!'' from Glenn Hughes. Phew!
Apparently the songs on Afterglow were going to be for Hughes' next solo album, and frustrated that they couldn't really get together as a unit, the songs became the next BCC ones for Afterglow. That doesn't mean a step in the wrong direction for lovers of the previous two releases. Far from it, to be precise. Whereas Hughes has been the undoubted king of funk these past years, Afterglow 's songs are planted firmly in the Classic Rock genre of the 70s, only with better production!
Whereas BCC1 seemed like a quick get together (but the songs still kicked serious ass), BCC2 was a more of a band affair with the songs having a much better flow and cohesion, Afterglow comes at you like a runaway train with 1000W of Marshall/Orange Cabinets strapped to the front. Which leads very nicely into Big Train, and for me is one of the best tracks to come from the pen (or keyboard) from Hughes, fuelled not by coal, but by Bonham's drumming, and a great bluesy solo from Bonamassa.
The plan this time round was to give Sherinian more keyboard time, and this is more prominent on the 70s influenced 'This Is Your Time'. 'Midnight Sun' sees Bonamassa give a very Pete Townshend /The Who feel to proceedings, with Hughes being Hughes and just singing his Wolverhamton ass off! On 'Confessor' the sound goes back to BCC1, mean, lean, a Black Country fighting machine. On 'Cry Freedom' equal vocal time is given between Hughes and Bonamassa and the end result takes me back to the first time I heard Deep Purples Burn album. A sledgehammer of a blues rock number, with both singers fighting it out for blues supremacy rights! Even Bonamassa goes all Hughes on us.
The lighters come out for the slowed down title track, and is an instantly memorable number, with Hughes' voice taking centre stage going from soft and subtle vocals to powerful and screaming, then pastoral to full on heavy hock in a little over a heartbeat. Very Zeppelin-esque. Bonham's drumming drives 'Dandelion' forward, and 'The Circle' is a more tranquil affair, atmospheric and haunting, with a riff straight from Bad Company's finest. Rush have just been on the phone, and they want the opening riff to 'Common Man' back! 'The Giver' harks back to the DP Burn Stormbringer era, and the final track 'Crawl', gets all manner of genres thrown in with the proverbial kitchen sink. Funk, rock, blues, 70s rock, Puprle, Led Zep all in this electric blender of a song. Sherinians eastern sounding keys even take me back to my youth with a Rainbow (Tarot Woman/Stargazer) vibe running through the song like a 70s stick of Rock!!!
After 3 albums in quick succession, and the recent and hopefully not terminal fall out between Hughes and Bonamassa, it would be criminal if they didn't sort out differences and gave us a tour in the not too distant future. Even if there's no tour, please give us more albums. It would be a shame to bow out after three, but if this is their last album, fuck me it's a good 'un!!
BCC are
the 5th member – Kevin Shirley
Cry Freedom
Author barnstoneworthutdPosted on October 27, 2012 November 2, 2020 Categories Reviews2 Comments on Black Country Communion – Afterglow Album Review
Geoff Tate – Kings & Thieves Album Review
A lot has happened in Geoff Tate Land these past few months. Severe ructions with his Queensrÿche band mates saw him evicted/sacked from his lead position in one of the greatest modern metal prog bands I have ever witnessed in my 30 years of attending rock gigs. Tate was fired from his own band, and accusations were levelled at Tate's door, mainly in trying to punch Rockenfield's lights out. Then there's the whole Rocklahoma thing (google it!). Tate has also had the balls to admit his failings when some (many) would not, and for this alone deserves huge credit to the fellow! The last thing that anyone wants is two bands plying their trade as a pair of Queens(rÿche's). This sacking all seems strange as it's killing the goose that laid the golden egg as Tate is responsible for over 80% of The Rÿche's output over the last 30 years!
Now over the years I've been a huge Queensrÿche fan after seeing them support Dio in the UK when they were promoting 'The Warning'. I must admit that the last 10-15 years have been a bit difficult for me, and I often wonder how on Earth Queensrÿche have lasted this long, based on the commercial output over this 10-15 year period.
Currently we have two? Yes, two Queensrÿche's about to do the rounds, the other (non Tate version) now operating under another name. Basically after getting thrown off the horse, he's back on it straight away going what he does best, and that's getting his music heard.
Now most of you all know that Geoff Tate is best known for his work with the progressive metal band Queensrÿche. Geoff is regarded as one of the most skilled vocalists in the genre with hundreds of modern, popular artists citing him and his band as a major influence.
Combining social consciousness and expertly crafted lyrics with high-energy, melodically complex music, Geoff and his band have become internationally recognized as the thinking man's rock band. The band's first three albums — their self-titled EP (1983), The Warning (1984) and Rage for Order (1986) — all hit gold status selling over 500,000 units each. With the release of their landmark concept album Operation: Mindcrime (1988) — which won critical and popular acclaim and comparisons to the Who's Tommy and Pink Floyd's The Wall — Queensrÿche went on to bring their progressive music to sold-out audiences the world over. I have to add here that 'Mindcrime' is one of the 'Every Home Should Have One' albums. If you haven't heard this then shame on you matey!
Following the album's platinum success, Queensrÿche released Empire, which quickly entered the Top 10 on the Billboard charts, eventually generating sales of more than 3.0 million copies. The album featured the hugely popular hit, "Silent Lucidity," which would be the band's first Top 10 single (#9 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart and #1 on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks chart).
The band celebrated their 30th Anniversary in rock by releasing Dedicated to Chaos and, once again, toured extensively. Since their inception, the band has sold over 25 million albums worldwide and has performed in over 46 countries.
Enough of the history lesson, what about Geoff 2ndsolo album? Remember his first, way back in 2002? Me hardly, either! But one thing is for certain, 'Kings & Thieves' isn't up there with the best that Queensrÿche has to offer, but it's probably better than most of the Queensrÿche albums churned out after Promised Land. . That doesn't mean it's a great album, but it's not shite either . So don't judge this purely on the best Rÿche output as that's grossly unfair to the individual. Geoff's vocals come out rather well, although there are a couple of songs I don't really care to hear ever again – 'The Way I Roll' is one in particular. 'TWIR' is a bit of a whoozy, jazzy number that's too mid 90s Queensrÿche for my liking, but Tate blows his own sax on the track! (make your own jokes up, I'm being serious for once). 'Say U Luv It', with spoken word lyrics is a strange one which gets under my skin, but not in a good way.
Start with the negatives and move onto the positives I say. Bringing Kelly Gray on board was an inspired move, his playing is varied and interesting, and proves a good foil for Tate. The first couple of songs 'She Slipped Away', and 'Take a Bullet' are both decent songs, both two of the melodic, and heaviest on offer and Tate seems to be enjoying his new life with some of his strongest vocals being present in many a recent year. The split has done him a world of good. 'She Slipped Away' sets out Tate's musical habdashery for the 21stcentury, with Kelly Grays guitars shining brightly, giving an Empire/90s Queensrÿche era feel to proceedings.
'Tomorrow', the longest track on the album, is a stripped back affair, with a rather nice mid-section with Gray playing an Eastern influenced sound , then up the tempo with 'Evil', in which Geoff sings, "Why don't you say it to my face, you don't move me, you don't fool me, it doesn't matter because what you give is what you get…" a slant at his former band mates? Highly likely! 'Evil' is definitely one of the highlights due to the darker tone and subject matter. 'Dark Money' goes back to the lighter, poppier tones of the opening track. Apart from 'The Way I Roll', the biggest departure away from what you'd (possibly) expect, is the synth/piano led 'Change' and it makes for a refreshing, well , er….change! After a couple of listens, it turns out to be the finest track on the album by a long chalk.
So..don't expect any of Queensrÿche's power prog metal anthems of yesteryear, Aside from Kelly, Geoff has also employed fellow Seattle musician (and former Mother Love Bone member) Gregg Gilmore on drums, Chris Zukas on bass and long-time collaborator Randy Gane (with whom both Geoff and Kelly played in Myth) on keyboards. The band also features harmony vocals courtesy of Jason Ames and Emily Tate.
Despite the foibles, Tate has his own direction away from the prog tinged power metal of Queensrÿche, preferring a more condensed, modern sounding melodic rock (but not in its purest AOR form).
I doubt it will bring in too many Queensrÿche fans who probably gave up after 'Empire', but I'm certainly glad that I got the opportunity to hear it. Tate has shown the musical direction he wishes to take for his solo work and it's diverse and interesting. It was an inspired move in bringing Kelly Gray to contribute to mixing/production and guitar as his bluesy style is a great fit for Tate's, warm and trademark vocals. Not all of it appeals to me, but one things for certain, its 100% Geoff Tate!
1. She Slipped Away
2. Take A Bullet
3. In The Dirt
4. Say U Luv It
5. The Way I Roll
7. Evil
8. Dark Money
9. These Glory Days
10. Change
11. Waiting
Recorded & Mixed by Kelly Gray
Produced by Geoff Tate
Geoff Tate Online:
http://www.geofftate.com
Geoff Tate – Lead and Harmony Vocals, Saxophone
Kelly Gray – Guitars and Bass
Randy Gane – Keyboards
Gregg Gilmore – Drums
Jason Ames – Harmony Vocals
Emily Tate – Harmony Vocals
Chris Zukas – Bass
http://www.insideoutmusic.com/
Release date – 29th October 2012
Author barnstoneworthutdPosted on October 26, 2012 November 2, 2020 Categories Reviews1 Comment on Geoff Tate – Kings & Thieves Album Review
HRH AOR/Prog Gig – 6th & 7th April @ Magna, Rotherham
If you're into AOR & Prog in particular, then I can think of no better place to be than Rotherham, (yes, you heard me, ROTHERHAM!) on 6th & 7th of April 2013. Not known as a hotbed of gig venues, HRH have found a great arena for these two genres to come together and be united under one banner, and that's Magna.
Magna has been a working steel foundry in the past but has enjoyed a well earned lottery funded make over top the tune of 40 million and turned itself into a fully interactive science adventure with multi arena capabilities.
The venue is nothing but stunning as some of the teaser shots will show, however with five zones namely, Earth, Steel, Wind, Fire & Water in full interactive immersion, we only had to add the HRH magic n vision to stage a production that will be hard to beat in any conventional place. Expect the unexpected with full on trading stalls from the minute you collect your HRH passes, to freaky circuses to the all out sound of HRH's quality production.
Compliment that with 30 of the best Prog / AOR n Melodic Rock acts from right across the huge spectrum it enjoys and you'll start to see yourself immerse in an overall experience like no other on this earth.
HRH like to make things hassle free and have taken all hotels (who reach the criteria) within a 1 to 2 mile radius, as well as providing an HRH hosted shuttle bus to and from the venue, just to make sure you can enjoy yourself and get about easily without driving.
Check it out here for starters – http://www.hrhaor.com/ and http://www.hrhprog.com/
Author barnstoneworthutdPosted on October 25, 2012 November 2, 2020 Categories Live ReviewLeave a comment on HRH AOR/Prog Gig – 6th & 7th April @ Magna, Rotherham
Bonafide – UK Tour Dates
Swedish rockers Bonafide (probably the best band to come out of Sweden since Abba!) have announced tour dates for Nov, culminating in their appearance at Hard Rock Hell on Dec 1st
If their new album is anything to go by, you definitely do not want to miss these guys in action!!
Author barnstoneworthutdPosted on October 24, 2012 November 2, 2020 Categories NewsLeave a comment on Bonafide – UK Tour Dates
Jon Lord – Concerto For Group And Orchestra Album Review
It's getting to the point in my like whereby a few of my musical heroes are passing on to that great gig in the sky. The most recent loss being the greatest exponent of his instrument, Jon Lord. I didn't know the fella, but all the interviews I've read over the years in the likes of Sounds, Kerrang!, and more recently Classic Rock, he always came across as an absolute gent, when quite a few come over as complete arses. He was present at my first ever gig, Whitesnake at Deeside leisure Centre in 82. He wrung the neck off that frigging Hammond organ, and a love story was begun….Happy days!
Right at the dawn of Deep Purple, Lord wanted to express his Classical tendencies with 'April', but the highlight for Purple fans was when Jon and Ritchie used to fight it out note for note. I always feel he was wasting his talents in Whitesnake, but I suspect it paid the bills.
Just before he died, I was watching the same (original) Deep Purple concert on the telly, and yes it looked dated, but it was an absolute joy to watch.
Here we are some 43 years later from the original release. ''Over these last years since leaving Deep Purple. I've played it over 30 times with different orchestrations and conductors all over the world, and, of course, in 2000 I did it well over 30 times with Purple on the Concerto tour, so I've been honing the piece live on stage, and I've had the opportunity to change things on the score that weren't sounding quite right. It is therefore a marvellous and exciting prospect to have the definitive recording of the definitive version of the score'' Jon Lord, May 2012.
He recorded the rhythm section – Guy Pratt (Floyd, Madonna) & Brett Morgan (Jon Anderson, Sting) and the Royal Liverpool Philharmonic Orchestra in June 2011 in Liverpool – conducted by Paul Mann. Production then moved to Abbey Road Studios to record Maiden's Bruce Dickinson (on vox with Steve Balsamo and Kasia Laska) and Joe Bonamassa, Darin Vasilev (who played all the guitars in the first movement) and Steve Morse on Guitars. Wow!
Guy Pratt (bass), Jon Lord, Paul Mann during the Liverpool recording
The original score was lost in 1970, and it was performed again in 1999 with a recreated score. Dutch composer Marco de Goeij had the unenviable task of recreating the score by listening to the recording and watching the video of the 1969 performance.
The premise is that the rock band, and the orchestra vie for the main musical theme over two movements, and by the third movement, both are knitted together in harmonious synchronicity. Its a three movement composition. The movements are "Moderato-Allegro" (16:20) I have to say that Vasiliev performs out of his skin, "Andante" (19:34), and "Vivace-Presto" (10:48). Most rock offic | 4,750 |
Lévy flights and fractional Brownian motion<|fim_middle|> memory widely seen in physics. Natural time series frequently combine both effects, and linear fractional stable motion lfsm is a model process of this type, combining alpha-stable jumps with a memory kernel. In contrast complex physical spatiotemporal diffusion processes where both the above effects compete have for many years been modeled using the fully fractional kinetic equation for the continuous-time random walk CTRW, with power laws in the probability density functions of both jump size and waiting time. We derive the analogous kinetic equation for lfsm and show that it has a diffusion coefficient with a power law in time rather than having a fractional time derivative like the CTRW. We discuss some preliminary results on the scaling of burst "sizes" and "durations" in lfsm time series, with applications to modeling existing observations in space physics and elsewhere. | have become exemplars of the heavy-tailed jumps and longranged | 14 |
The credibility of conclusions made about the<|fim_middle|>-Esser. D., & Stark, L.A. (2016). A Primer for Developing Measures of Science Content Knowledge for Small-Scale Research and Instructional Use. CBE-Life Sciences Education 15(2), 1-14, doi:10.1187/cbe.15-07-0142.
This essay, intended for faculty involved in small-scale projects, courses, or educational research, provides a step-by-step guide to the process of developing, scoring, and validating high-quality content knowledge assessments. | effectiveness of educational interventions depends greatly on the quality of the assessments used to measure learning gains. This essay, intended for faculty involved in small-scale projects, courses, or educational research, provides a step-by-step guide to the process of developing, scoring, and validating high-quality content knowledge assessments. We illustrate our discussion with examples from our assessments of high school students' understanding of concepts in cell biology and epigenetics. Throughout, we emphasize the iterative nature of the development process, the importance of creating instruments aligned to the learning goals of an intervention or curricula, and the importance of collaborating with other content and measurement specialists along the way.
Bass, K.M., Drits | 136 |
Brownea grandiceps is a species of tree in the family Fabaceae. Its common names include the rose of Venezuela and the scarlet flame bean. It originated in South America but is now widely grown as a decorative tree in tropical gardens.
Description
The rose of Venezuela is a small, slow growing tree with stout branches eventually reaching about . The trunk has greyish-brown, lightly furrowed bark. The shoots and leaf stalks are downy. The leaves are opposite, elongated and pinnate with twelve to eighteen pairs of oblong or lanceolate leaflets ending in a bristle-like point. When they first unfold, the drooping leaves are pale green with tiny pink and cream dots, but<|fim_middle|> | as they mature they become brownish-pink and eventually a uniform shade of green. The globular inflorescences contain numerous crimson, red, deep pink or purple tubular flowers, each with projecting stamens and style. The flower heads can be up to in diameter and usually dangle below the foliage. The seeds are contained in bunches of long, brown, furry pods.
Distribution
The rose of Venezuela is native to Brazil, Ecuador, Venezuela, Peru and Colombia where it grows in the tropical rainforest. It has a minimum temperature requirement of and will thrive both in full sun and in partial shade.
Ecology
The rose of Venezuela flourishes in areas of forest that are seasonally inundated and is often associated with Virola duckei and Inga thibaudiana. Many epiphytic plants and lianas grow among the branches.
The flowers of the rose of Venezuela produce copious amounts of nectar and are attractive to humming birds and butterflies. At night it has been observed that the leaves rise and expose the flowers to the dew, sinking down again in the morning to protect the flowers from the sun.
References
grandiceps
Flora of Brazil
Flora of western South America
Flora of Venezuela | 255 |
Keeping the kids happy and entertained let us to our next excursion spot: Splash Jungle Water Park. It ended up being such a hot day, so a park full of water slides was perfect!
Fitz had a little too much fun and passed out mid bite at the lunch table. I may be a terrible mom for taking these following photos, but I just couldn't not document it.
Don't worry. He bounced back upon waking with more water slides and some ice cream.
We spent our last day at the hotel playing in the bath tub and the pool, then we were off to stay at our Airbnb.
Upon arrival, we immediately bellied up to the pool bar.
They next day, we put on long pants and got ready to sweat it out during our trek to see the Big Buddha.
Built over 12 years, the Big Buddha sits on top of a hill and is the third-tallest statue in Thailand. It is 148 feet tall<|fim_middle|> Including Christmas and a catamaran trip to Phi Phi Islands.
This entry was posted in Family, Travel and tagged Big Buddha, Phuket, Splash Jungle Water Park, Thailand. Bookmark the permalink. | and built with concrete and covered with Burmese white marble.
Ok, I'm sure you are thinking, "are we done yet?" And the answer to that is NOPE. Still more Phuket posts ahead 😉 | 45 |
A Virgin Atlantic flight, partially fuelled by recycled waste, has landed in the UK.
A Virgin Atlantic, flight partially fuelled by recycled waste, has landed in the UK.
The plane, travelling from Orlando to London, was powered by a new blend of normal jet fuel and ethanol produced from waste gases.<|fim_middle|>0 per cent of Virgin Atlantic's flights departing from Britain.
As a result, nearly one million tonnes of CO2 would be saved each year which is the equivalent of 2,100 roundtrip flights between London Heathrow and JFK airports.
This news follows Alaska Airlines partnership with Neste to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the aviation industry. | This new blend is designed to significantly reduce the airline's carbon footprint.
Virgin Atlantic have partnered with Lanza Tech to ensure the airlines carbon emissions are reduced. Sir Richard Branson, founder of Virgin Atlantic, welcomed the Boeing 747 into London.
The technology uses recycled waste emissions captured from a steel mill, these emissions are then converted into ethanol. The ethanol is then converted into jet fuel.
The fuel has the potential to produce up to 125 million gallons per year in the UK which would be enough to fuel 10 | 109 |
Photo added by Paul Schuler
Louis Gerlach
6 Jun 1921 (aged 86)
Stock<|fim_middle|>ie~ wife of T.V. Morris; Louis F.(who died at two years of age); Fred C.,( once the manager of the Gerlach Live Stock Company in Nevada); Laura F.(who passed away in 1908); & Ethel ~wife of A.B.Lang.
Louis Gerlach was eighty-five years old when he passed away at his home, located at 231 East Flora Street in Stockton, California.
Amelia P Mersfelder Gerlach
Clara M. Gerlach Kearns
Rosella C Gerlach Doan
Fred Charles Gerlach
Laura F Gerlach
See more Gerlach memorials in:
Created by: Roland J. Dillon Boulware
Added: 28 Mar 2007
Find a Grave, database and images (https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/18658192/louis-gerlach : accessed ), memorial page for Louis Gerlach (25 Apr 1835–6 Jun 1921), Find a Grave Memorial ID 18658192, citing Stockton Rural Cemetery, Stockton, San Joaquin County, California, USA ; Maintained by Roland J. Dillon Boulware (contributor 46895346) .
Add Photos for Louis Gerlach
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I thought you might like to see a memorial for Louis Gerlach I found on Findagrave.com. | ton, San Joaquin County, California, USA
Stockton Rural Cemetery
Block 5, Lot 8
Pioneer cattleman & land owner,Louis Gerlach once owned up 12,000 head of cattle, 15,000 head of sheep, and who held the deed to 30,000 acres of grazing land in Washoe County, Nevada, and northern Modoc and Lassen counties, California and 5,000 acres of grain and grazing land on the San Joaquin River, near Stockton, California.
He also purchased the old Presbyterian Church, in Stockton, and helped to organize two banks, also in Stockton, one being the First National Bank, serving on the board of directors until his death in 1921, and was its vice-president. For nearly a half century, Mr. Gerlach was one of the heaviest stockholders and a director of the Stockton Savings Bank, later called the City Bank.
Mr. Gerlach was married in Stockton, September 18, 1862, to Amelia P. Mersfelder, a native of Baltimore, Maryland. She was the daughter of Louis Mersfelder and Amelia Haupt. Amelia's parents, at one point, opened the Eureka Bakery on Weber Avenue between Eldorado and Hunter in Stockton. Her parents were native of Germany.
Louis & Amelia had eight children : Emma ~wife of Herbert Baldwin; Clara ~ wife of John Kearns; Rose ~wife of L.E. Doan; Nell | 329 |
Newcastle – Chelsea: How to watch, start time, stream, odds, prediction
By Nicholas MendolaNov 21, 2020, 6:30 AM EST
Newcastle – Chelsea: St. James' Park will be the scene for the Premier League's return from international break as Chelsea visits Newcastle United (Watch live, 7:30 am ET online via Peacock)
Isaac Hayden returns from injury for Newcastle and will hope to have another difference-making moment in a home win over the Blues.
STREAM LIVE NEWCASTLE<|fim_middle|> we're dependent on everyone in the team and we're getting goals from everywhere on the pitch. We want to keep building, keep getting goals, keep getting assists and keep working hard as a team and hopefully, you never know, we could win the title as well."
Odds and ends (full odds provided by our partner, PointsBet)
The bookmakers don't expect Chelsea to fall again at St. James' Park, handing the Blues a -209 return for a win. A Newcastle upset would be a much bigger surprise to them than a draw, with +525 coming for a win and +340 for split spoils.
PointsBet is our Official Sports Betting Partner and we may receive compensation if you place a bet on PointsBet for the first time after clicking our links
Newcastle – Chelsea prediction
The Magpies had less players participating in the international break so there is hope for a result, especially with Chelsea's "longer" travel — always funny to say in the vast continent of America. Still, the Blues might be rusty and win. Chelsea 2-1.
How to watch Newcastle – Chelsea stream and start time
Kickoff: 7:30 am ET Saturday
TV Channel: Peacock
Online: Stream via NBCSports.com | – CHELSEA
Chelsea opens the day three points off the table lead. The fifth-place Blues are four clear of their 11th-place hosts.
[ MORE: How to watch PL in the USA ]
Here's everything you need to know ahead of Newcastle – Chelsea.
Team news (INJURY REPORT)
Billy Gilmour is out for Chelsea, who will be without Christian Pulisic and Thiago Silva. The American winger did some on-field work with the USMNT work during the international break but return to London without playing a game for the U.S. Lampard has said that Pulisic is easing his way back to fitness but won't play at St James' Park. As for Havertz, he is thought to be available after working his way back to fitness after a positive COVID-19 test before the international break.
Newcastle's been hammered by injuries, but Jonjo Shelvey is back on the bench. Out are Martin Dubravka, Ryan Fraser, Paul Dummett, Dwight Gayle, and Matt Ritchie. Callum Wilson is a question mark and would be a huge loss for the Magpies.
Here's how the Blues line up today! 🤝 #NEWCHE pic.twitter.com/OjBatGRfY9
— Chelsea FC (@ChelseaFC) November 21, 2020
This is how we line-up for #NEWCHE at St. James' Park this afternoon.
HWTL! ⚫️⚪️ pic.twitter.com/xBVkgOxsj3
— Newcastle United FC (@NUFC) November 21, 2020
What they're saying ahead of Newcastle – Chelsea
Newcastle's Isaac Hayden on trying to repeat memorable win over Blues: "It was backs to the wall then I pop up at the end with daylight robbery at the end of the game. Hopefully it doesn't go like that again and we have a bit more of a comfortable win than we did. Although we'd take it again, hopefully we're a bit better on the ball and cause them a few more problems than we have done in the previous few games."
Chelsea's Callum Hudson-Odoi on the Blues' early success: "We've started really well and we want to maintain that. What we're doing well is defensively we're keeping clean sheets and up front we're scoring a lot of goals, which is a good thing. We're not just dependent on our attackers; | 505 |
Perry Foundation Study Awards
<|fim_middle|> Foundation Secretary, Gordon Bennett: perry.gbennett@gmail.com.
Student Funding and Scholarships
Applying for research degrees
Cranfield's Doctoral Network
Bursary The Gen Foundation Grants The Gen Foundation provides grants for students studying food sciences or food technology
International students Coming from overseas? Find out more about our application process
Theme Page Environment and Agrifood Cranfield's strengths range from environmental governance and sustainability to waste reduction | What it covers
Applicable courses
The Perry Foundation is a registered UK charity with the objectives of promoting education and research connected with agriculture or food production for the benefit of the public. Read more Read less
Perry Foundation Awards are a maximum of £12,000 for each year of the duration of the PhD project and normally for three or four years. Awards will only be offered when the university, college or research establishment has provided assurances that the necessary balance of funding to complete the full duration of the project will be made available.
Funding valueUp to £12,000 per annum
Suitable for Applicants fromUK, EU, Rest of World
DeadlineOn going
Funding provider(s)The Perry Foundation
Up to £12,000 towards the cost of PhD study.
This funding opportunity is applicable to PhD courses at Cranfield University. Please see the 'Who can apply' section for more information.
Students must be undertaking PhD research in an agriculture-related discipline. The awards are normally open to graduates holding a first or upper second class honours degree in an appropriate subject. Candidates sitting final examinations during the summer of the year for which the application is made will be considered but awards will be subject to a satisfactory examination result.
The closing date for submissions is 31 October each year for PhDs commencing in September of the following year.
The Perry Foundation Grants Committee evaluates the applications and selects a shortlist.
Applicants are informed of the outcome before end of November.
Shortlisted applicants may be asked to attend an interview in the following January.
Successful applicants and their university/institute will be advised of the success or failure of the application within a month of the interview.
Trustees appoint a mentor for each successful project.
Visit the Perry Foundation website to download the application form. The deadline for applications is in October each year.
The completed application form, plus CV and any covering letter, must be sent by email to the Perry | 398 |
Christmas Dinner in the heart of Toronto, at the BLCF Cafe Community Dinner, helped by Oakwood Wesleyan Church.
Bring a friend and support the needs of the homeless and marginalized in the heart of Toronto at the BLCF Cafe Community Dinner on Wednesday, October 26,2016 from 6PM to 8PM at 1307 Bloor Street West, Toronto, just west of the Lansdowne Subway Station. Suggested donation $15 or what you can afford.
BLCF Cafe: Why Start A Community Dinner Instead Of Sandwich Run Or A Food Bank?
Why Did Bloor Lansdowne Christian Fellowship Start A Community Dinner Instead Of Sandwich Run Or A Food Bank?
Sandwich runs and to a lesser degree Food Banks offer scant opportunity to fellowship with or establish a meaningful dialogue with the homeless and marginalized. Both can make it awkward and embarrassing to those on the receiving end of a sandwich or food from a relative stranger. This can be a great stumbling block to sharing the Gospel of Jesus Christ as the 'volunteer' may appear condescending or patronizing to a homeless or marginalized person.
It is extremely difficult to share how faith in Jesus' sacrifice allows all to be equal in the eyes of God, especially if they find out that volunteers are paying a fee to give a sandwich to them! At the cafe, there are no fees required to volunteer.
BLCF Cafe Community Dinner guests, who are the homeless and marginalized, are treated with dignity and respect, served a warm meal with music, and fellowship. These conditions are perfect for meaningful dialogue and to establish friendships as a launching point to witness as equals at the same dinner table.
A short testimony and shared scripture are given as the dinner's second course, served between the main and dessert. Over time, our guests develop an appetite and appreciation for spiritual sustenance as much as the dinner served at the cafe.
A number of our guests have made a decision to accept Jesus as Lord and Saviour, which demonstrates how marvelous and great the work of the Lord is when we trust him to transform a simple function as serving and sharing a community dinner into a meeting of faith and worshiping of our Lord. Many returning guests feel that the community is their church meeting. Jesus knew what He was doing when he fed the multitude as He shared His message on the mount.
Bluegrass Concert on Saturday, April 26, 2014 at 7PM, featuring the talents of 'A Cup of Cold Water' in an encore performance.
Bloor Lansdowne Christian Fellowship- BLCF Church, 1307 Bloor Street West, Toronto, Saturday, April 26, 2014 at 7PM BLCF is located just 1 block west of the Lansdowne Station, on the south side of Bloor Street.
Now that the weather's turning cold, Bloor Lansdowne Christian Fellowship is asking for donations of socks, gloves, scarves and toques for our homeless and marginalized guests in the heart of Toronto at the BLCF Cafe Community Dinner. Donations may be brought to the BLCF Cafe Community Dinner, (Wednesdays between 6 and 8 PM). To arrange delivery at a different time, contact Sophie by email: blcfcafe@yahoo.ca or call BLCF at 416-535-9578.
Not a bread line, food bank or soup kitchen, BLCF Café has been serving wholesome dinners to upwards of 150 of Toronto's homeless every Wednesday evening since January 2008.
Bluegrass Concert on Saturday, October 19, 2013 at 7PM, featuring the talents of 'A Cup of Cold Water' in an encore performance. Admission $15. All proceeds go to BLCF Cafe Community Dinner, BLCF Cafe operates every Wednesday evening from 6-8 PM and feeds over 150 homeless and marginalized guests weekly, without any government funding or corporate sponsorship.
Enjoy 'A Cup of Cold Water' perform Traditional Bluegrass and Bluegrass Gospel at: Bloor Lansdowne Christian Fellowship- BLCF Church, 1307 Bloor Street West, Toronto, Saturday, October 19, 2013 at 7PM BLCF is located just 1 block west of the Lansdowne Station, on the south side of Bloor Street. BLCF: 416-535-9578.
15 "If you love me, you will keep my commandments. 16 And I will ask the Father, and he will give you another Helper,[a] to be with you forever, 17 even the Spirit of truth, whom the world cannot receive, because it neither sees him nor knows him. You know him, for he dwells with you and will be[b] in you.
The Helper, or as some translation call an Advocate or a Counselor, being the same Holy Spirit that came upon Jesus after being baptised by John, the Baptist. This same Spirit of Truth came upon the disciples in the Upper Room on the day of Pentecost. Remember Pentecost refers to the number 50, being the number of days that Jesus walked between His resurrection and Ascension (which is 40) combined with the number of days between His Ascension and the day of Pentecost (being 10). The day when the promised Spirit came upon the followers of Christ is the same day most scholars attest to be the day the Christian Church was born.
37 And he said to him, "You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind. 38 This is the great and first commandment. 39 And a second is like it: You shall love your neighbor as yourself. – Matthew 22:37-39 (ESV).
You will see that the John 14 passage tells us some characteristics if the Holy Spirit. Verse 17 indicates that it is the Spirit of truth. Interestingly, the preceding verse refers to the Holy Spirit as another helper, Christ being the other helper. Though each helper serving different functions. Christ came to atone for our sins by His crucifixion on the cross. And through His Resurrection from the grave, we believers are given the assurance of our own resurrection from the grave, as demonstrated by Christ.
But God, being wise and just, had planned for our need for continued<|fim_middle|> 30 indicates that the ruler of the world, who is Satan, is coming. This is the same world whose ruler is Satan, can neither see nor know the Holy Spirit.
8 There is therefore now no condemnation for those who are in Christ Jesus.[a] 2 For the law of the Spirit of life has set you[b] free in Christ Jesus from the law of sin and death. 3 For God has done what the law, weakened by the flesh, could not do. By sending his own Son in the likeness of sinful flesh and for sin,[c] he condemned sin in the flesh, 4 in order that the righteous requirement of the law might be fulfilled in us, who walk not according to the flesh but according to the Spirit. 5 For those who live according to the flesh set their minds on the things of the flesh, but those who live according to the Spirit set their minds on the things of the Spirit. 6 For to set the mind on the flesh is death, but to set the mind on the Spirit is life and peace. 7 For the mind that is set on the flesh is hostile to God, for it does not submit to God's law; indeed, it cannot. 8 Those who are in the flesh cannot please God. 9 You, however, are not in the flesh but in the Spirit, if in fact the Spirit of God dwells in you. Anyone who does not have the Spirit of Christ does not belong to him. 10 But if Christ is in you, although the body is dead because of sin, the Spirit is life because of righteousness. 11 If the Spirit of him who raised Jesus from the dead dwells in you, he who raised Christ Jesus[d] from the dead will also give life to your mortal bodies through his Spirit who dwells in you.
The Spirit allows God to know our hearts, to understand our needs, and intercedes on our behalf, provided our prayers and petitions come from those who love God and accept His purpose and will in our lives.
5 Everyone who believes that Jesus is the Christ has been born of God, and everyone who loves the Father loves whoever has been born of him. 2 By this we know that we love the children of God, when we love God and obey his commandments. 3 For this is the love of God, that we keep his commandments. And his commandments are not burdensome. 4 For everyone who has been born of God overcomes the world. And this is the victory that has overcome the world—our faith. 5 Who is it that overcomes the world except the one who believes that Jesus is the Son of God?
5 But now I am going to him who sent me, and none of you asks me, 'Where are you going?' 6 But because I have said these things to you, sorrow has filled your heart. 7 Nevertheless, I tell you the truth: it is to your advantage that I go away, for if I do not go away, the Helper will not come to you. But if I go, I will send him to you. 8 And when he comes, he will convict the world concerning sin and righteousness and judgment: 9 concerning sin, because they do not believe in me; 10 concerning righteousness, because I go to the Father, and you will see me no longer; 11 concerning judgment, because the ruler of this world is judged.
14 And when the hour came, he reclined at table, and the apostles with him. 15 And he said to them, "I have earnestly desired to eat this Passover with you before I suffer. 16 For I tell you I will not eat it until it is fulfilled in the kingdom of God." 17 And he took a cup, and when he had given thanks he said, "Take this, and divide it among yourselves. 18 For I tell you that from now on I will not drink of the fruit of the vine until the kingdom of God comes." 19 And he took bread, and when he had given thanks, he broke it and gave it to them, saying, "This is my body, which is given for you. Do this in remembrance of me." 20 And likewise the cup after they had eaten, saying, "This cup that is poured out for you is the new covenant in my blood. | guidance and direction by sending us the Holy Spirit. John 14:17 indicates that those without faith in the world can neither see nor know him. And while the world will no longer be able to see Jesus, believers will continue to see Christ's presence by way of the Holy Spirit. Verse 25 indicates that the Spirit will teach us all things and bring to mind remembrance all the things Christ has spoken to us. We see that the Spirit is God's way of communicating to His flock. Line | 104 |
Nepal "Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal" Known as the Himalaya Country is located between India and China. Among many things, this country's natural beauty, and people's tradition and culture are widely noted by Hundreds of Thousands of travelers who visit this land every year. Nepal also has Ten World Heritage Sites which are regarded as the Himalayan Spirit which Lives and Breathes! And some of the highest mountains in the world including Mount Everest lives in Nepal. Many other travel ingredients attract tourists to this land, and not to forget the friendliness and warmth of Nepali people.
Nepal is geographically, religiously, culturally, ethically and linguistically diverse - one solid reason why a small country like this offers so much to see for travelers. Here, above all,<|fim_middle|> understand and speak English as well.
Climate: Nepal has four major seasons, namely, (1) Winter: December-February, (2) Spring: March-May, (3) Summer: June-August, (4) Autumn: September- November. | Guests are regarded as God, and a popular phrase is learnt by Nepalese from the early age - so you treat Guests with honor as you would to God. Travel to Nepal which might be the best travel experience of your life. Here, your money goes far, so you can do more with less. And you will always leave this beautiful country saying "I will be back for more" - visiting Nepal once is never enough !
Languages: Nepali is the national language of Nepal. Educated people | 101 |
Looking for Newton Le Willows conveyancing solicitors?
Confirm<|fim_middle|> work on a fixed legal fee basis, with no unexpected 'add-ons'. Your conveyancing quote will set out what the legal fees will be when your sale or purchase completes.
If, for whatever reason, your sale or purchase does not go ahead, you have the peace of mind of our No Sale, No Fee guarantee.
Will I need property searches when buying a property in Newton Le Willows?
Searches are detailed questions submitted to a number of authorities by Newton Le Willows conveyancing solicitors to identify issues affecting the home you want to buy. Mortgage lenders also usually require conveyancing searches to be purchased.
I am buying a leasehold property in Newton Le Willows - what do I need to know?
Buying a leasehold flat in the UK can be complex. The many potential traps awaiting an uninformed purchaser can include legally technical issues like unpaid service charges by the existing leaseholder and marriage value issues.
What do I need to know if selling a leasehold property in Newton Le Willows?
The legal work for a leasehold flat or house is much more complicated than for a freehold house.
The complexities of leasehold mean conveyancing solicitors in Newton Le Willows will usually undertake additional tasks. This can involve requesting the latest service charge and ground rent statement, through to insurance details.
To reduce leasehold-related delays, It is highly recommended that the seller instruct a solicitor as early as possible.
I am buying a new build property in Newton Le Willows - what do I need to know?
The conveyancing for purchasing a new build property in Newton Le Willows .
A good solicitor in Newton Le Willows will need to be qualified to handle things like dealing with delays associated with off-plan, checking planning conditions have been fulfilled and registering ownership with warranty providers such as NHBC Buildmark, Advantage HCI and Global Home Warranties.
Our highly experienced team of new build solicitors are experts in working with buyers towards the best outcome and working to tight developer deadlines.
Will I need a conveyancing solicitor if I am remortgaging my Newton Le Willows property?
The base rate is now at 0.75% (Feb 2019). A proactive conveyancing solicitor in Newton Le Willows will complete the conveyancing process quickly and get you into your new rate.
Our property solicitors are members of most UK mortgage lenders, so no matter whether you are moving to a 95% mortgage with RBS or to a joint mortgage with the Allied Irish Bank, Quittance can help. | that your solicitor is a certified member of your lender's approved law firm panel.
If the conveyancer cannot act for your lender, it could increase your legal fees and may even lead to serious delays.
How much is the council tax in St Helens Borough Council?
Are Newton Le Willows conveyancing fees fixed?
Some conveyancing solicitors in Newton Le Willows offer their services on an hourly basis others work on a fixed fee.
Quittance's solicitors | 93 |
MATRIX-F is a dedicated Fourier Transform Near Infrared (FT-NIR) spectrometer dedicated to industrial process monitoring. MATRIX-F is equipped with fiber optic<|fim_middle|> | probe or measurement head. It is the first industry hardened FT-NIR system that can directly withstand harsh environments. Full support of industry standard communication protocols makes the integration simple.
The MATRIX-F is the only FT-NIR spectrometer which can measure liquids and solids in transmission and reflection with just one instrument using light fiber technology.
Classic diffuse reflectance, transflectance or transmission fiber optic probes with various path lengths can be adopted as well as process flow cells or pilot plant assemblies. Various probe materials are available, like stainless steel or hastelloy.
The fiber optic NIR illumination and detection heads for contactless measurement contains tungsten sources which illuminate the sample. The scattered light is collected and guided via a fiber optic cable to the spectrometer. Up to six heads can be connected to one MATRIX-F emission or MATRIX-F duplex spectrometer.
MATRIX-F duplex spectrometer is modified to operate both - fiber optic heads and the classic fiber optic probes.
Special version of the MATRIX-F spectrometer for the use of fiber-coupled measurements heads for the contact-less measurements only. | 212 |
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Family Ski Packages
by Frank V. Persall
Whether you grew up going on ski excursions with your family or you just are trying to establish a new tradition, family ski holidays give the best experiences that will last a lifetime for everyone involved. Ski holidays provide the perfect recipe for quality family time, with everything from kid-friendly activities and breathtaking mountain panoramas to festive snowbound communities and the thrill of recreation in the fresh mountain air. "A family that skis together stays together," as the adage goes, and we couldn't agree more.
Skiing vacations with our families are some of the most unforgettable experiences of our lives. Whatever your travel needs are, whether you are traveling with grandkids, newborns, or teens, we can assist you at every step of the preparation process. This comprehensive guide covers everything from the fun components such as choosing your hotel and ski resort to the practical facts such as childcare and ski lessons. You may take advantage of some excellent family ski discounts by staying at some of the top family ski hotels, apartments.
When you find a ski package deal, you not only save money, but you can also save yourself a lot of time and aggravation while you are on vacation. There are a variety of packages available that are tailored to families and they include not just skiing but also a variety of other enjoyable activities. Because there are so many family-friendly ski resorts to choose from, you can either try a new resort each year or stick with the one where you feel most comfortable. Trying one of these locations might be a good idea if you're looking for reasonably priced packages with plenty to offer.
Family Ski Packages for a Good Time
Skiing with the Family
Available Ski Packages
Pointers for Planning a Vacation
Trips for a Single Day
Skiing Vacations with Child Care
Fun Vacation Packages
Why You Should Use This Guide
Many resorts offer discounts to children, and some even allow them to stay and ski for free while in their facilities. Alternatively, other vacation packages combine conveniences, so that all you have to do once you arrive is enjoy the resort with your family and have a good time.
Also Read: The Spy Who Loved Me Ski Jump
Our ski specialists have more than 35 years of combined expertise in planning great family skiing vacations. Each of us have spent a significant amount of time on the slopes. Demonstrating our skill in designing ski vacations that are tailored to your family's needs is our number 1 priority. Look through our helpful recommendations below to get started on organizing your ideal family ski vacation right now.
Smugglers' Notch - Link
This top-rated resort is located in Vermont and is a popular destination for families who want to get away from it all. Several reviewers from On The Snow have stated that this resort has excellent terrain and is family-friendly.
At the resort, there are three different ski packages to choose from. The packages are divided into three categories: Base, Classic, and Summit, and each includes hotel, lift tickets, and access to the resort's indoor Fun-Zone. What distinguishes each package from the others are the other features included. Everything in the Base plan is included in order to provide a budget-friendly vacation, while the other two packages include classes, daycare, and savings on summer camps. A guided walking tour is also included with all packages, as is ice skating, use of cross-country and snowshoe trails, evening family entertainment, and use of the indoor pool.
Steamboat Springs - Link
Steamboat Springs, located in Colorado, is one of the most popular family ski resorts in the country. The resort has terrain and lifts that are specifically designed for children, such as a frontier fort and the Beehive terrain park. In addition, the resort provides daycare and ski programs tailored to children and teenagers. TripAdvisor customers rave about the excellent customer service and amazing lodgings, as well as the excellent skiing for all levels of experience.
Steamboat offers numerous packages that are suitable for families and provide significant discounts, including the following:
For each adult, a minimum of eight nights' accommodation and six days' worth of lift tickets in Ski Town USA is required in order to get the 25 percent discount on lodging and lift tickets. Children under the age of 12 may ski and rent equipment for free with each paying adult in the package.
This bundle allows you to save up to 20% on both hotel and lift tickets when you book it along with another package. Depending on the number of adults in your group, you may earn up to $150 in Boat Bucks, which can be spent at a variety of restaurants and retail sites across the resort.
Crystal Mountain - Link
This resort, which is located in Michigan, is great for families. Crystal Mountain, according to reviews on Epinions, is a terrific family ski facility that provides a broad range of terrain for all skill levels.
The Simply Ski and Ride Package is available at Crystal Mountain. This package includes accomodation as well as a downhill open to close lift ticket for each person, per night. Children ages eight and younger are welcome to stay, ski, and eat breakfast for free. Children from the ages of nine and above are subject to a $21 per night cost. Ice skating, bonfires, an outdoor hot tub, family bingo and game evenings, snow castle construction, and movie rentals are just a few of the family-friendly activities available at Crystal Mountain Resort. In addition, the resort provides daycare and has an indoor children's play area.
Also Read: 16 Of The Best Places To Ski In Italy (2021 Resorts)
Jackson Hole - Link
This resort in Wyoming has something to offer every member of your family, regardless of age or interests. A Kids Ranch is available for children ranging in age from six months to seventeen years, with activities and courses tailored to each age group. Along with guided tours, snowmobiling, shopping, eating<|fim_middle|> deal. In the event that you find a package on a website that appeals to you, do some comparison shopping to see if another site is offering the same package at a lower price or with more features included.
This guide will assist you in selecting from a variety of child-friendly ski vacations in both the Alps and North America. Alternatively, last-minute family ski packages are available. Many chalets provide free kid accommodations, and many ski resorts provide family ski packages or, in some cases, complimentary lift tickets for kids.
About Frank V. Persall
Originally from the UK, Frank has a passion for skiing and anything snow related. He is currently on a never ending mission to visit the best ski resorts across the USA and the the World. Frank is happiest when he is on ski slopes with his wife and three children.
Thoughts on "Family Ski Packages"
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| Terms & Conditions | Privacy Policy | Contact | , and multi-day camping, Jackson Hole offers a variety of other activities. According to reviews on Ski.com, Jackson Hole is not only enjoyable for skiers of all abilities, but it also has a lot to offer those who choose to remain off the mountain as well. The resort features both breathtaking landscape and terrain that is difficult to navigate.
Ski Free: For each night of stay, this package provides a complimentary ski lift ticket. A minimum of four nights' stay is required, with the rate based on a quad occupancy basis. A three-night stay in a condo, a three-day lift pass for each guest, and three days of lunch at Nick Wilson's are included in this package. It is calculated on a per-person basis.
Jackson Hole Reservations may be reached by phone at 1-800-433-8613 or online at Jackson Hole Reservations. For more information on booking an all-inclusive package that includes air, contact 1-888-733-4005 or visit the website's booking page.
When looking for the best package for your next family vacation, keep the following questions in mind:
Is the resort primarily targeted at families with children? Investigate whether there are a variety of slopes that may be appreciated by skiers of all levels.
Is child care or children's activities included in the price of the package?
What other options are there for entertainment?
Is there food and beverages included in the package?
Is it possible to receive a discount on an airline ticket or a rental car?
There are various alternatives available if you are seeking for a family ski package for a single day of skiing. Children may often benefit from discounts or even free lift tickets when an adult purchases one. Many resorts now provide free ski rentals to children when an adult purchases a pair of skiing or snowboarding equipment. In addition, you may check the website of your local ski resort for last-minute specials and promotions. Many websites will enable you to sign up to be included to their mailing list, which will allow you to get special offers by e-mail.
When traveling with small children, excellent daycare is essential to a successful vacation. Many chalets and hotels provide ski school, nannies, and children's groups, but you are not required to utilize the services provided by the establishment. Daycare is available at family-friendly resorts for children ranging in age from 3 months to teen years, ranging from Ski School crèches and ski clubs to private firms that provide customised childcare and instruction
Also Read: Beaver Mountain Ski Resort
With everything thought out and planned for in advance, ski packages can make a vacation more enjoyable because you will be saving money and time while on vacation. Always compare prices to find the best | 558 |
In-Store Only: Suitsupply's Philadelphia Jacket
By Max Berlinger
The Internet, in all its glory, has made shopping, well... easy. Too easy, perhaps. Whatever happened to the thrill of the hunt? The allure of chasing something so elusive that ownership of it is a two-fold joy. It's yours because you wanted it, yes, but also because you had to work for it. That primordial hunter was awakened today when we came across Suitsupply's Philadelphia Jacket on their Tumblr page. The Safari-style piece, with it's belted waist and lightweight fabrication, had us itching to click-and-buy.
But the<|fim_middle|> if you're not near one of the brand's three U.S. outposts (two more are on the way before the month's end) — but that's neither here nor there, really. Here's the point: Suitsupply's move is a bold one in a digital age, but it's also one that we like. One that asks you not if you like something, but how far you're willing to go to prove it.
Max Berlinger Berlinger is a freelance writer based in Brooklyn.
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13 Jean Jackets for Every Season | garment comes with a stipulation, one that's increasingly rare in these modern times: It's only available in-store. "We like to reward the guy who's willing to show a little effort when it comes to style," reads the caption. It seems almost cruel to take to the Web to tell you about it, actually — especially | 67 |
[Image: "The Carnie". Photo by Luhring Augustine] Janet Cardiff and George Bures Miller :: until May 21, 2010 :: Luhring Augustine , 531 West <|fim_middle|>lines, images and thoughts are left to be formed in the minds of the individual viewers. | 24th Street, New York, NY.
Luhring Augustine presents an exhibition of new work by the collaborative team Janet Cardiff and George Bures Miller. This marks Cardiff and Miller's third solo exhibition at the gallery. Janet Cardiff and George Bures Miller are internationally recognized for their immersive multimedia works. Incorporating dramatic audio tracks into their visually striking installations, the artists create engaging and transcendent multisensory experiences which draw the viewer into ambiguous and unsettling narratives. Their works address grand themes such as time, voyeurism, dreams, and mystery. Providing only fragments of information, the completion of the story | 121 |
News::
New £2.8m rehearsal studios open<|fim_middle|>
(Manchester Evening News) | at Regent's Park Open Air Theatre
The complex will allow most productions to be rehearsed onsite for the first time in the venue's history and will be hired out to external producers outside of its own season.
Source(s)
Regent's Park Open Air Theatre unveils new £2.8m onsite rehearsal studios (The Stage)
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West End ushers fitted with bodycams
The Society of London Theatre and UK Theatre have started giving body cameras to front-of-house staff as a way to desescalate an increasing number of confrontations with aggressive patrons. A trial... read more
(The Stage)
WWI Centenary Commissions 'exceptionally successful' despite 'unfortunate' oversights, report says
A House of Commons Committee report into 14-18 NOW highlights major lessons to be learned in time for the UK's next national cultural...
Blackpool festival cancelled over funding
The organisers of Livewire Festival say they pulled the plug because of "investor issues", commenting: "This hasn't been a decision we have taken lightly and have explored every avenue we possibly... read more | 238 |
Half of the reason I studied in Rome, Italy was for the food, but I quickly realized how hard it is to find restaurants that served other types of cuisine. So I made it my mission to find some variety during the four months I lived there, and after some digging I was able to come up with this list. I'll start with breakfast and work my way down to dinner.
Coming from America, where bagels are never far out of reach, it didn't take long for me to start missing them. Thankfully, Mammò Street Food was located on my walk to school and I quickly became a regular. They prepare bagel sandwiches to order and also serve iced coffee which is another plus. Just be sure to give yourself some extra time because it can get pretty busy in the mornings.
This is another great place to find bagels in Rome. I heard about this place by word of mouth and I would never have guessed that they served bagels because it looks like a typical Italian restaurant. These bagels are more like New York bagels than Mammò Street Food, but their hours are also shorter which makes it hard for me decide which I like better.
It's easy to walk right past this amazing place to get an American breakfast (which should actually be given a facelift, itself) without even realizing it. I stumbled upon it by chance through some Instagram stalking, and I'm glad I did. As I mentioned, I'm a huge breakfast fan and their pancakes definitely did not disappoint. They also offer bacon, eggs and French toast, making it the perfect sit-down spot when you're missing a taste of home.
This American rock 'n' roll themed sandwich shop is by far my favorite place on this list. Sandwiches can be made to order, or you can choose from their suggested menu that has<|fim_middle|> amount of food you get, but it's a super trendy place and definitely one of a kind.
Somo is a more traditional Japanese restaurant, and probably the first place I would go for sushi in Rome. It is the fanciest restaurant on the list and has all of the options you would find at your local sushi restaurant. Again, because it's on the nicer side, it's a little more expensive, but when you need a break from pizza and pasta everyday, it's worth it.
If you're visiting Rome for a vacation, I'd say stick to Italian because it's the best you'll ever eat. But if you're spending an extended amount of time in the city, try these places out when you're looking for some variety. | sandwiches with names like "The Rolling Stones," or "David Bowie." While they offer traditional Italian ingredients, you can mix and match to find your own perfect combination. I might be biased, but I think this place also beats out the hyped up All'Antico Vinaio in Florence.
This newer sandwich shop opened towards the end of my semester in Rome, so I was only able to go a few times, but I will definitely be visiting the next time I'm in the Eternal City. This place offers super fresh sandwiches, including a chicken satay with peanut sauce that reminded me of Thai food I eat at home. The owner is also incredibly welcoming and makes you feel right at home.
Besides the fact that Open Baladin offers more than 100 labels of Italian craft beers, they have burgers that are even better than some I've had in America. They also have incredible chicken strips that are perfect for sharing with friends over one of their home made beers.
This super fun spot in the heart of Trastevere is always popping. While they also serve Italian food, for me, the burgers on their menu are what sets this restaurant apart. There are many suggested burgers to choose from, but you can also make your own. Some of my best memories of my semester abroad are sitting in their outside area, listening to live music and chowing down on one of their burgers.
Because I'm not going to suggest that you go to a McDonald's in one of the food capitals of the world, Banco is the fast food option I'll provide you with. Not only do they have burgers, nuggets and fries, but they also have wraps, salads, noodles, and vegan options. They're all about local and sustainable food, so you can eat here without the guilt that usually comes with fast food.
The bright and airy decor of Ginger Sapori e Salute will transport you outside of Rome for the duration of your meal. Focused on fresh and healthy food, the restaurant has a wide menu of items from acai bowls and eggs to salads and sandwiches. They also serve cold pressed juices and smoothies.
Here's something you don't see everyday, even outside of Rome. Coffee Pot Trastevere is a combo between sushi and Mexican. They even have some fusion dishes like the sushi taco pictured above. The menu is a little pricey for the | 479 |
Over the weekend I have been tracking a lot of chatter within the SEO community on WebmasterWorld and other channels of a Google update. Many of the automated tracking tools also show significant changes in the Google rankings starting on Friday, February 22nd through the weekend.
I am so so so tired of covering this topic, we've covered it for well over a dozen years and I just covered it a week or so ago. Google doesn't use CTR, click through data, to rank their search results. But of course, Google posted something that is driving huge confusion again around the topic.
Google is now sending out what I believe are new notifications when a site verified in Google Search Console has seen a drop in clicks, impressions, etc. This alert communicates to the site owner or webmaster that there may be an issue.
The Google white paper I just covered mentions explicitly that Google's algorithms can detect if a query is related to YMYL, your money your life, related content and then adjust<|fim_middle|> it possible to have Paypal for people under 18?
Hey folks, what's your favorite audio book? I'm looking for something fun to entertain me on a long run today. | the weights of the ranking algorithm for those specific queries. There has been some debate in the SEO industry if Google is indeed doing this so now this should clear that up.
I found this discussion on the Product Love podcast really interesting. Eric Boduch talks to Adam Avramescu (Head of Education at Checkr) about the importance of educating customers on how to use your product. They cover a bunch of topics, including the myth that you don't need education if your UX is good enough, the right way to approach documentation, and how onboarding is an important part of customer education but not the only thing you need.
Listen on Soundcloud or Overcast.
The chatter has not simmered down that much from the February 12/13th Google algorithm update chatter. In fact, it picked up on the 14th, 15th and continued through the weekend through today. Some are saying they are seeing some reversals of the update on the 13th.
Data-driven companies know something that the user doesn't. Yet the language used to convince people to act on recommendations lacks variety and explanatory power.
Every facet of machine learning is fueled by human judgement, so it must be multi-disciplinary.
How to monetize adult site?
Is | 256 |
PARIS, Oct. 30 (Xinhua) -- Second-seeded Novak Djokovic breezed past Portugal's Joao Sousa in straight sets to make into the round of 16, while French players failed to please home crowds as five of six featuring in Tuesday's action crashed out from the competition at the 2018 ATP Paris Masters.
Djokovic didn't concede a set in his previous five head-to-heads against Sousa. Both players maintained their serves in the first three games, before the Serbian took advantage of first serves trouble from his opponent for the first break of the match.
Then Djokovic built a 4-1 lead after holding his own service, while seeing his Portuguese rival bounce back strongly for a 4-all.
The world No. 2 broke for the second time in the 12th game to bag the first set 7-5.
Djokovic continued his momentum with five straight games into the second set, and seemed to be little tested en route to his 6-1 victory. He converted his<|fim_middle|>4.
Roger Federer, fresh from his 99th tour-level title in his hometown Basel last weekend, confirmed his participation in the French capital, marking his first appearance in the tournament over the past three years.
"Mostly I feel like it's better for me to play matches rather than practice," Federer told a news conference.
The third seed will take on Raonic in Wednesday's second round. Nadal will face his fellow Spaniard Fernando Verdasco. | third match points as Sousa's backhand went long.
Djokovic is vying for the top position on the ATP world rankings with Rafael Nadal. The Serbian has not been world No. 1 since the 2016 Paris Masters. He needs to advance further than the Spaniard to regain the top place.
Fifth seed Marin Cilic overcame Philipp Kohlschreiber 6-3, 6-4, while the 14th-seeded Greek talent Stefanos Tsitsipas was ousted by Damir Dzumhur 6-3, 6-3.
There was little to celebrate for home players. Jo-Wilfried Tsonga suffered an agonizing loss to Canadian opponent Milos Raonic after two hours and 52 minutes, as three sets were forced into tie-breaks at 6-7 (4), 7-6 (5), 7-6 (5).
Tsonga's compatriot Jeremy Chardy fell to Spaniard Fernando Verdasco 6-4, 6-4. Defeats also arrived for other two Frenchmen Pierre-Hugues Herbert and Benoit Paire.
Only Gilles Simon moved through Tuesday's first round at the expense of Lucas Pouille in an all-France duel at 6-3, 6- | 276 |
What the Electric Grid's Future and the Internet's Past Have in Common
In the mid-1960s, a new method for effectively transmitting electronic data over a computer network was born, and with it came one of the quintessential building blocks of what would become the modern internet.
In simple terms, "packet switching" is a routing method whereby data transmitted across a network takes different routes along the network to arrive at its destination. Packet switching allowed for computer networks to become decentralized, ultimately giving rise to the internet and the global connectivity it provides today.
Just as packet switching would help computer networking explode into the future, so too will a similar decentralization usher the electric grid from what it was for the previous century to a more efficient interaction that connects consumers in a cleaner and more collectively beneficial way.
Like most revolutionary ideas, packet switching was not embraced by the established community of experts that presided over the nascent field of computer networking in 1965. That changed, however, when the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) embraced packet switching as a means to allow multiple computers to communicate on a single network.
The Evolution of ARPANET. Source: Public Domain
Originally funded by the US Department of Defense and widely considered among historians as the first working prototype of the internet, ARPANET would adopt the internet protocol suite TCP/IP on New Year's Day in 1983, and begin assembling the network that would become the modern internet.
Since its inception, the grid has grown and evolved to become a modern network on the cusp of transitioning to a more efficient future. To get there, the electric grid may borrow a page from the information superhighway and follow a few key transformational lessons.
Consider how information travels on the internet in 2021.
On the internet, every user is a consumer, producer, and storer of information. Send an email from the Northeast US today, and it might route through Canada on its way to a final destination. Send an email to the same person tomorrow, and it might take an entirely different path through a server in New York.
In essence, this is packet switching on steroids.
The pathways that allow for information to travel on the internet are omnidirectional, which has allowed that network to rapidly grow over the last two decades to serve billions of users worldwide.
That was not always the case if you consider how, prior to packet switching, the original computer networks were constructed as a network dominated by central mainframe servers that pushed information and data to users connected at terminal locations.
The electric grid has a similar history to the internet's in that the grid's network was centralized from the outset, with large generation sources (power plants) essentially pushing electricity to consumers via transmission and distribution.
The centralized grid conceived by the likes of Thomas Edison and erected by moguls like<|fim_middle|> its evolution to the modern wonder it is today. The result will be an energy system whose connectivity drives its efficiency and sustainability for decades to come.
It's an exciting time for the grid and its users, rife with possibility and opportunity.
Mathew Sachs
Mathew Sachs is CPower's Senior Vice President of Strategic Planning and Business Development. He has over 15 years of experience in energy the industry, developing and implementing distributed and renewable growth strategies. View all posts by Mathew Sachs
Mathew Sachs is CPower's Senior Vice President of Strategic Planning and Business Development. He has over 15 years of experience in energy the industry, developing and implementing distributed and renewable growth strategies. | George Westinghouse served its users well for the better part of the century.
BBN ARPANET Group. Source: Public Domain
Like the internet, however, the electric grid has evolved to embrace decentralization as it transitions to an omnidirectional network in which generation and distribution are spurred by the very users for whom the grid exists to serve.
Today, for example, the electricity you use to charge, say, your mobile phone may come from the bulk grid. Tomorrow it could come from another consumer on your distribution grid who is not using their own excess generation.
As grid operators and utilities adopt new technologies to enhance their flexibility and optimize the delivery of electricity, the grid will start to follow a similar path the internet embraced in | 147 |
At Bold Babe, we work to ensure that each and every one of our products are made from the highest quality. That's why we only partner with the best. Bold Babe works with Sewn at the Rock, a custom cut and sew company to produce each piece of clothing.
Sewn at the Rock currently has six full-time sewers, producing custom apparel as well as technical products for a variety of private label brands. By handling smaller minimums, they give developing access to experienced production facility. With a goal to operate profitably and gain efficiency to fund growth, the company hopes to add 1-2 sewers in 2019.
The partnership is one of friendship and networking and is reflected in the quality of Bold Babe's clothing.
At<|fim_middle|> decided to repurpose a down-jacket by flipping it upside down, sliping Ari's feet through the armholes, zipping it up and tucking him into the backpack. She then realized that she could make something that functioned the same way - and voila - the idea of Cozey7 was born.
Bold Babe and Cozey7 have worked several trade shows together and Jill's products can be found on Bold Babe's bus, Stella. Kate and Jill have been tossing around some big and exciting ideas for the future. Stay tuned! | Bold Babe, we believe that sun protection should start at an early age. By teaching our little ones safe skin practices, we can help them develop healthy habits for the future. We work with Cozey7, a company that manufactures UPF 50 kids sunsuits, wearable blankets and backpacks, to ensure protection at every age.
Jill, the owner of Cozey7, came up with the concept while hiking with her grandson, Ari. When they encountered stormy weather, she | 102 |
Behind the Bit: Guess who ordered their Rolex tix???
Guess who ordered their Rolex tix???
We do! Bob and I have<|fim_middle|>et fences and the beautiful horses. Granted, we were in fairly close proximity to the KY Horse Park, but it was still beautiful. The only thing I didn't like was the humidity!
Sooper dooper! or Super duper! You will have a grand time drinking in all the equine delights, that's for sure. Glad you are going to celebrate!
that's how I feel working at an equine legal office; horse magazines in the waiting room, ribbons and horse art on the walls. I couldn't imagine working in any other kind of environment!! | our tix, our flight, our hotel reservations. I think this is our five year anniversary of going to Rolex, and also our seven year wedding anniversary (we were married on August 22 or thereabouts).
How wonderful that you've gone to Rolex so many times! You are very lucky. :) Maybe I'll have the pleasure of going one day too - I hope so!
I know what you mean about the horses "infused into every public place". When I went to KY with Pony Club for nationals this past summer, our hotel had horse pictures all over the place and when you drove down the road all you saw for miles was white pick | 132 |
Being thankful is a characteristic that we can easily allow to fade away in the face of adversity. No matter the difficulties we face individually, as a nation, we set aside this day to count our blessings on this uniquely American, Thanksgiving holiday.
This is a day to take the time to center our hearts and minds in thankfulness. With very little effort we can see how very much we DO have to be grateful for.
Each and every soul reading these words. I may not know you personally but I hope you don't mind if I remind you that you matter to me.
Writing about my gardening experiences with the hope of engaging dear readers to perhaps try something new or go ahead and<|fim_middle|> idea how very grateful I am to you for the unlimited generosity you've shown in your postings. No doubt there are countless others who have been duly inspired by your vision. God bless and keep you, Meems.
It is wonderful to come here and see the lovely blooms you always manage to have. Especially like on today when we are receiving our first snowflakes of the season. Happy Thanksgiving.
Happy thanksgiving to you also. I don't have a blog but, I am always looking forward to new things from you. You make my day! I enjoy the words of encouragement for gardening as well as life in general. All the gardening blogs I visit are very inspirational. Keep up the good work to you and all.
Meems, I thank you for all the wonderful words you have written, all the fabulous pictures you have shared. Your blog has inspired me and given me great pleasure.
So true and I am Thankful for you..
Thank you for sharing these thoughts that are so true. Being thankful really does enhance one's perspective on life.
What a lovely post Meems and thank you.In this materialistic world we live in anymore we take so much for granted. It is a shame that we are not thankful for all the blessings we have and the people who touch our lives. Like you I have come to appreciate all the bloggers and gardeners who have came into my life. I have enjoyed your sharing and lovely postings. I hope you had a wonderful Thanksgiving.
And we are thankful for you, Meems, and your always thought-provoking words to go along with the lovely garden photos! Happy Thanksgiving!
Dearest Meems, thank you for all your feelings, your blog & your time.
I have learned so much from you. I am a wanna-be, but I try.
I do hope that you & family had a glorious Thanksgiving day with lots of good food, family & friends.
Such lovely sentiments, Meems. The quote by Rabbi Kushner is especially meaningful to me. I hope that you and your family had a very Happy Thanksgiving! | take a chance or love the moments we have in our gardens or however these words might encourage... causes gratefulness to swell in my heart.
You have come through my garden gate and taken a peek into some windows of my world over the years. In this, a complex world, you've shared some of the simplest and yet most meaningful treasures in my life. Thank you.
The mere love of gardening, on any level, inspires a heart full of thanks. Life and all things living fully abound where seeds are birthed and flourish. Joy fills the gardener's heart as our eyes and senses are enveloped by the wonders and beauty we tend with our own hands.
a feeling that nurtures the soul.
What a lovely post dear Meems.
Thank you for your wonderful, informative blog filled with great pictures, inspiration, and encouragement.
Hope your Thanksgiving day is filled with lots of love, happiness and good things to eat.
You have no | 189 |
As you may know, it's National Volunteer Week. So here in NPQ's backyard, the Massachusetts Service Alliance (MSA) has launched a new campaign to increase volunteerism across the state. The YOU Generate Campaign aims to generate<|fim_middle|> with volunteerism. The YOU Generate campaign also gives nonprofit organizations the opportunity to recruit, retain and manage the new volunteers who participate in service activities this week. The campaign will continue past Volunteer Week to support connector agencies that are working to link volunteers to organizations that could use them in their communities. | awareness of how volunteerism can help resolve critical problems within communities. MSA is a nonprofit that provides support for community service learning and volunteerism, and also administers the state's AmeriCorps and Commonwealth Corps programs.
For the campaign kickoff, MSA is working with partner organizations across the state to host a variety of volunteer events. These events vary from environmental service projects to producing over 10,000 meals for the critically ill with Volunteer Kitchen in Boston. Connector agencies involved in the initiative are Boston Cares, the University of Massachusetts-Boston, the Massachusetts Audubon Society, Cape Cod Volunteers, United Way of Central Massachusetts, and many more. Nonprofits can also acquire volunteers through Connect & Serve, a volunteer portal administered by MSA. For those Bay State residents interested in giving back, Connect & Serve provides a volunteer opportunities map covering each region of the state.
MSA has also worked a social media campaign into the YOU Generate initiative (using Twitter hashtags #YOUGenerate and #MassVolunteers) to raise awareness and encourage others to get involved with volunteer opportunities in the state. A new MSA blog has also been introduced, featuring guest writers blogging about their experiences | 240 |
Grand National 2016: Record-breaking Ladies' Day sees 47,000 converge on Aintree
Glamorous racegoers were dressed to impress
Racegoers cheer on their winning horses at Ladies Day at the 2016 Crabbies Grand National. Photo by James Maloney (Image: James Maloney)
GLAMOROUS racegoers were dressed to impress as the sun came out for Ladies' Day.
Despite gloomy predictions earlier in the week, the rain stayed away - and a record 47,000 came through the gates, up 2,000 on the same day last year.
It follows a record-opening day crowd of 35,500 on Thursday, with up to 70,000 expected for Grand National day on Saturday.
There were long queues for ladies - and men - to have their photograph taken for the annual Aintree style contest. Anna Gilderoy from Durham picked up the £43,000 prize in a cream and gold skater dress and gold hat.
Anna Gilderoy, 25, won the Style Award on Ladies Day
Racegoers travelled from all over the world to be at Ladies' Day, while the racecourse was also packed with groups of friends from around Merseyside enjoying a day out.
To purchase photographs go to http://merseysidebuyaphoto.newsprints.co.uk/ or telephone (0191) 2016000.
James Scott, 19, from Childwall, said he was among a group of 15 friends who met up at Wetherspoons before heading to Aintree.
He said: "The best thing about Ladies' Day is the ladies - it's in the name isn't it! There's some hot chicas out there. You have to enjoy yourself and be respectful.
"You get a lot more men than women on Ladies Day but everyone thinks there's going to be loads of ladies!
"It's a good day out."
Five women who stole the style show on Ladies Day 2016
All-female vocal harmony group the Duke Box Singers - dressed in stunning purple floral dresses and matching fascinators - were at Aintree entertaining racegoers queuing up to have their photo taken for the style contest.
The trio - Emily Louise Tomlins, Natalie Blenford and Bethan Forsey - said they were enjoying their day in the sunshine.
Natalie said: "It's been an amazing day, the sun's come out and it's given it a festival atmosphere. We're really enjoying it.
Ladies Day pictures which prove the Daily Mail wrong
Emily said: "We've been singing for the ladies in the queue. We've been changing positions and roaming around!"
Laura Heston, 18, from Allerton, designed her own dress for Ladies' Day from a white shirt, turning it into a<|fim_middle|> significant changes here at Aintree, including to the cores of every fence on the Grand National course, and we've seen hundreds of horses compete safely over the last few years."
Ladies Day 2016
Ladies Day style winner
18 amazing pictures of Ladies Day
Five women who stole the show
Spot yourself at Ladies Day
Check out these brilliant hats
Aintree girls with style and class
Early arrivals put on the style
16 things that always happen
All eyes on Many Clouds
John Baker said: "Another bumper crowd has enjoyed some great racing here at Aintree on Crabbie's Ladies Day.
"They have seen some of the very finest thoroughbreds in training today and one of Aintree's greatest supporters, JP McManus, triumph with Eastlake over the Grand National fences in the Crabbie's Topham Chase.
"With unquestionably the highest-class field in the history of the Crabbie's Grand Natonal lining up, Saturday will bring around 70,000 people to Liverpool's iconic racecourse, while millions will watch on television in the UK and hundreds of millions worldwide.
Many Clouds, ridden by Leighton Aspell crosses the finish line to win the Grand National Steeple Chase 2015, at Aintree racecourse in Liverpool.
"Should Many Clouds win the race, he will become the first horse since Red Rum to win consecutive Grand Nationals, Leighton Aspell will become the first jockey in history to win three consecutive runnings, and owner Trevor Hemmings will become the first ever owner to win four Nationals."
Police said there were no arrests.
Superintendent Dave Charnock, the event commander, said: "Ladies' Day always attracts big crowds and is a significant event in the Merseyside calendar.
"Today was another enjoyable and safe day out for thousands of people who came from far and wide to experience what Aintree and Merseyside has to offer, and our officers enjoyed engaging with racegoers."
Grand National 2016: Ladies Day's racing in pictures
Ladies Day Aintree
Allerton
Childwall | knee length dress with a black bow collar.
She said: "I thought I'd make something myself so no-one else was wearing the same thing."
Julie McNevin and husband Allen, from Clubmoor, said they come to Ladies' Day every year.
Five things that made us smile on Ladies Day 2016
Julie said: "We're meeting up with my daughter and it's been a great day, especially with the weather.
"We saw the weather yesterday and thought it would be like that again but we've been lucky so far and the sun has come out for us."
Harriet Franklin, 28, and Hazel Young, 31, from Cornwall, said it was their second Ladies' Day.
Harriet said: "We're here just for the day and we're looking forward to it.
Harriet Franklin, 28, left, and Hazel Young, 31, both from Cornwall, looking glamorous for Ladies Day at the 2016 Crabbies Grand National. Photo by James Maloney
"It took a long time to decided what to wear, but I had the hat already, so I decided to look for a dress to match it."
Angelca Dolic, 31, from Croatia, was making her first trip to Ladies' Day on the recommendation of her boyfriend.
She said: "My boyfriend is from Liverpool so he's always telling me about the races. I thought it would be cold but the weather has been really good.
"Everyone is wearing really lovely dresses."
The day started with the Grand Women's Summit celebrating the role of women in sport, attended by jockey Katie Walsh and leading tennis coach Judy Murray, mum of tennis stars Andy and Jamie Murray.
Two horses die on Ladies' Day
The day was marred by the death of Gullinbursti, who suffered fatal injuries in a fall at Becher's Brook during the Topham Chase.
Minella Reception was also treated by vets after a fall at the same fence and had to be put down.
Four horses have now died during this year's Grand National festival after the deaths of Clonbanan Lad and Marasonnien on opening day.
John Baker, regional director for Aintree and the North West at Jockey Club Racecourses, said: "We'd like to express our sympathies to the connections of Gullinbursti and Minella Reception.
"While you can't remove all risk from any sport, we acted on evidence to make | 509 |
As with most thing, a little care and attention will prolong the useful life of your gloves.
Don't put them on a radiator/Aga or in front of the fire to dry.
Reshape them<|fim_middle|>'t wring out the gloves, but wrap them in an old, clean towel to absorb most of the water (the leather may leave some residual dye on the towel). Reshape the gloves by putting them on your hands, then hang up to dry naturally and out of direct sunlight. Good Luck. | by putting them on, then hang them up where they can dry naturally, out of direct sunlight.
Don't leave them squished in a pocket.
Lay them out flat and store in a drawer.
Be aware that dyes can leach out of leather onto other articles and vice versa.
Try not to get them dirty in the first place!
Glove leather is delicate and will be marked by oils, pens and paints.
Attempted spot removal is likely to result in an unsightly mark, worse than the original stain.
It is likely that leather gloves will never be quite the same after cleaning, but you can try the following methods, at your own risk.
Specialist Dry Clean (We'd rather put the money towards a new pair of gloves).
As a last resort...fill a 2L bowl with tepid water, add a little gentle laundry detergent and a tablespoon of white vinegar (this will help keep the dye in the leather). Leave the gloves to soak for 30 minutes. Put the gloves on your hands and clean them in the solution as if you were washing your hands. Remove the gloves and rinse thoroughly under tepid running water. Don | 236 |
Q: Phrase to mean one is described by his name I found in some other languages such as Chinese an interesting idiom which describes some people; for example, when you see a person is named "Smart" and he/she is really smart, one would say: "a name fits his person" as a literal translation.
I would like to see if there is some specific phrase, idiom or proverb to describe such a situation.
A: In this case, one must refer to Latin: Nomen est omen.
A: I've always said aptonym, but aptronym and euonym seem to work too.
Concerning aptronym, Gary Nunn of The Guardian published an article in 2014 which said:
Mark Reckless is an aptronym: a name particularly suited to its owner. The official definition is a name that is particularly appropriate to the person's profession. However, it appears to be broadening to a name aptly suited to the owner's behaviour, character, looks or occupation.
A: Consider the phrase aptly named:
A dog called Snoozy who lies around on the couch all day is aptly named...
(http://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/aptly)
aptly named/described/called etc: named, described etc in a way that seems very suitable
The aptly named Skyline Restaurant provides spectacular views of the city below.
(Longman)
We spent a week at the aptly named Grand View Hotel.
(Cambridge Dictionary)
A: Consider,
They didn't call you [Smart] for nothing!
Spanish Language StackExchange
[Smart], you sure live up to your name.
live up to something: to be as good as you said or thought something >would be. Cambridge Dictionary of American Idioms.
Angel, you sure live up to your name. Limestone
[Smart], your name fits you to a tee/like a glove.
to a tee: exactly; perfectly AHD
Quite a suitable/well chosen/appropriate/apposite name, indeed.
apposite: appropriate or relevant : chose an apposite name for the dog; felt the comments were not apposite to the discussion. [Latin
appositus, past participle of appōnere, to put near : ad-, ad- +
pōnere, to put; see apo- in Indo-European roots.] American Heritage® Dictionary
Couldn't think of a better name!
A: Aptly named is the phrase.
She is aptly named Grace Chew, because she chews her food gracefully.
The region is aptly named the panhandle, because not only does it look like a panhandle on the outline map of Florida, they also have a significant population of panhandlers (aka beggars).
The mansion is aptly named Bellmoral Castle, because the morality of activities going on in there rings like a loud bell.
aptly
Also found in: Medical, Legal, Financial, Acronyms, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia.
apt (ăpt)
adj.
*
*Exactly suitable; appropriate: an apt reply.
*Having a natural tendency; inclined: She is apt to take offense easily. See Usage Note at liable.
*Quick to learn or understand: an apt student.
[Middle English, from Old French apte, from Latin aptus, past participle of apere, to fasten.]
apt′ly adv.
apt′ness n.
American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. Copyright © 2011 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.
A: Such a name can be called a euonym:
a name well suited to the person, place, or thing named
Source: Merriam-Webster
A: It might be worth looking at the hypothesis of nominative determinism.
A: You can use become :
The name "Smart" becomes this person; Smart is a becoming name for him/her.
I was just going to ask the exact same question to find a word or phrase other than becoming and suitable. I think aptly named is the best so far, explained in A.P.'s answer.
A: There's also the less common phrase, "X by name, X by nature."
Smart by name, Smart by nature.
It's an odd phrasing but more simply means that Smart is their name and Smart is their nature.
A: Rarely used for people, but for<|fim_middle|> its origins are from the 1990s, as an advertisement for Ronseal in the UK. I'm from America, have never heard of Ronseal or seen these ads, but it was definitely the first thing to come to mind on seeing the question.
A: If someone's name is attributed to some noun because of that person, the noun can be described as eponymous.
In a work named after a character who appears in the work, the person can then also be described as the eponymous character of that work.
| products and other objects, you can say the object is "what it says on the tin."
This refers to a product that comes in some packagin, "the tin," and "what it says on the tin" is typically the name of the product. So the phrase means that a product does just what you would expect it to, given its name.
Per Wiktionary:
*
*(idiomatic, Britain, Ireland) What is described or what one would expect with no further explanation needed.
From the same source, I learned that | 112 |
The Nod is an Austin based corporate rental and vacation travel company rooted in professionalism, modern technology and exceptional service for clients. We work to find short and long term housing for incoming traveler needs. Whether our guests come for work assignments, conferences, meetings, or to explore the city; we give them a space to Nod off comfortably! We make traveling easy.
Established in 2017 by Austin native Amanda Garcia, she was ready to bring a new level of service to the hospitality industry with her extensive background in property management and<|fim_middle|> Nod vows to continue this same level of service while branching into new markets across the United States. | real estate. She knew what it would take to exude exceptional customer service, and high end accommodations with A+ team support without the stuffy and robotic service that Hotels provide. This commitment has given our guests & clients the best experience possible.
The | 50 |
Allowed tags: <b><i><br>Add a new comment:
E-mail from Mistie Fowlks
By Anonymous on Aug 12, 2008 at 09:15 PM
Thank you soooo much for entertaining the children at my kids Birthday Party! You were so awesome, funny, and informative. The kids and parents couldn't say enough good things about what a good time they had. Thanks! Mistie
just checking out the site.
By Shawn Kercher on Aug 08, 2008 at 02:16 PM
met you on another site, wanted to see the buisness side .:)
Scales and Tails was a huge HIT!
By Tyler Johnson/ Cottonwood Heights Parks<|fim_middle|>By Matt and Mindy V on Jul 01, 2008 at 09:22 AM
You did our sons birthday party last October and we have recommended you to so many people ever since. From the looks of things youre doing very well!! Keep up the great work!!!!!!
Love the site...
By Kathy Morgan on Jun 25, 2008 at 06:44 PM
Just checking it out! Aunt Kathy p.s. I could do without the scorpion.....but snakes are cool.
From our Comment Book
By Anonymous on Apr 11, 2008 at 12:28 AM
The huge snake you have called Squish, I held her and I think she should go on a diet. Sara M. p.s. I really like Fuzzy.
I love snakes. Thank you for coming to my birthday party. From Alex, the birthday boy. | and Recreation on Aug 06, 2008 at 11:36 AM
I had Scales and Tails come in as our pre-movie entertainment for the Cottonwood Heights Parks and Recreation Movie in the Parks series. Scales and Tails stole the show and kept people talking and excited, both young and old alike. Scales and Tails not only put on a great show but are awsome to work with too.
By Laura A. on Jul 29, 2008 at 09:50 PM
AMAZING!!!!! We had Shane and his assorted creatures come to our home for our son's 6th birthday, it was an incredible experience for the kids and adults! We all had a blast and Shane is an amazing educator and entertainer. He kept a room full of 4-11 year olds completely enthralled. It was terrific and I'm sure he will be back for future parties!! Thank you Scales and Tails!
Re: Guestbook
By Cynthia on Jul 15, 2008 at 11:04 AM
Wow....caught the show at the Riverton Library. Great job and with a huge number of kids too.
E-mail from Lisa Olander
By Anonymous on Jul 09, 2008 at 12:34 AM
I wanted to thank you for your shows at the Provo Freedom Festival Days. We look forward to them every year....it has become a tradition! This year was especially nice because my son and daughter got picked to hold the snake and let it "tie" them together. This was on the 4th (the first show of the day). They were dressed in Disney Patriotic shirts. The reason it was special because my 6 year old daughter was feeling sad about how she looked (she had had a trampoline accident on her face). She thought she would never get picked and that she wouldn't have fun because she was having trouble with talking/eating. She was so excited but wary of it's head. She loved the snake...my son loved it more. She was nervous but I got great pictures. She talked about it all day. My son thought that was the coolest thing. You have an awesome show every time. You are always engaging and quick with the jokes. You have a great way with kids! May you continue with the good work. Thank you again!!! Lisa (Posted with permission)
Wowza!
| 514 |
Quilted synthetic with fabric lining.Quilted synthetic leather with fabric lining. Top zipper closure. Bottom metal feet.
Removable and adjustable chain shoulder strap drops 20". Two 5" rolled handles.
Interior cell phone pocket, multifunctional slip and 2 zipper pockets.
Comfortably holds an iPad Mini or a tablet 8.5"x 6" x 1" and under.
Beautiful purse, perfect size! I was worried it would be too small but it's not, it fits everything I need in it. Awesome quality of the material and the compartments inside make this an even better buy<|fim_middle|> not feel so cramped.
3. I don't entirely dislike the zipper pouch in the middle ( I'm willing to give it a shot) but it's so far my least favorite thing about the purse. It's not attached at the bottom and just feels like it's in the way.
4. The handles should be easier to lay down flat against the sides. | ! So happy with this purchase!
It's the perfect size for what I need. I have all the basics in my purse, and they fit comfortably. I actually have room to spare, yet it isn't a matter of it just being too big of a bag. The strap could be a bit longer, but it's functional. Arrived on time, in perfect condition. I've gotten lots of compliments (: I would recommend it to anyone who needs a purse.
Loved this purse. Cute and decent material. Used for a solid year heavily until I needed a new look. Def recommend.
I got mine in the mail today. I ordered the black one. I love it it is big like I like and cute ( not cheap looking). I was also scared that it'd be glossy and cheap looking leather and it's not at all so I'm pretty excited about that.
1. The wall of the purse that the bow is on and the back side of the purse when moved sounds like it has cardboard in it, it's not too annoying just doesn't go with the feel of the purse. So that is a bummer in my opinion.
2. The purse is a decent size but I was expecting the opening to be bigger and | 250 |
On July 2<|fim_middle|> Investment Management, Inc. served as cochairs for the event.
Pictured below are 41 IUP alumni that participated in the Golf Classic.
For more information about the Golf Classic, please visit the IUP Business Golf Classic website. | 7, 2015, the Eberly College of Business and Information Technology hosted the 25th annual Business Golf Classic at the beautiful Longue Vue Club in Verona, Pennsylvania. Each year, the college holds this event to generate scholarship funds to support the recruitment and retention of students. S&T Bank served as the Corporate Sponsor for the event.
With a long list of supporting businesses, alumni, and friends of the IUP community, this day was filled with golf, networking, and fun! At the evening reception, student scholarship recipients Jennifer Johnson (Marketing and Economics) and Deric Schmidt (MIS) addressed the participants, thanking them for supporting IUP and the scholarship program. Forty alumni participated in the golf event this year.
"We are fortunate to have many alumni and friends come out each year for the Golf Classic to support our student scholarship program. This was a particularly special year being our silver anniversary, and we are grateful for our generous sponsors and participants," said Robert Camp, dean of the Eberly College of Business.
With as little as 10 percent of students receiving financial aid in the form of scholarships and with the increase in the cost of college, scholarships are more important than ever. Not only do scholarships help students financially, but they also help to both retain and recruit students. The classic had 93 registered golfers and netted over $37,000 for the student scholarship program!
Cynthia Strittmatter '83 M'87, assistant dean for Administration at the Eberly College, and Nadav Baum '86 of BPU | 326 |
HomeENTERTAIMENT
Let me know by Mayorkun mp3<|fim_middle|> Mayorkun doing justice to the jam is not a news at all.
Serving as his official debut for the year, Mayorkun has unhooked hint of an upcoming studio project before the end of 2021 and "Let Me Know" will definitely be a part of the craft. His last work, "Your Body" played all through at the festive period last year, so we should be expecting this song to be a banger in days to come.
Generally, Clemzy controlled every aspect of the music production; giving his best shot to the prospective banger.
"Let Me Know" has some catchy lyrics like:
"odoyewu let me be your customer, and at the right time i go dey do wetin dangote cannot do for you eh, but if you gree, see you go be my lover, me i no dey whine you, i go dey for you, i go dey pay for you oh, anything you want make i do i go do, if i'
m too bad for you let me know, and if you wan run one thing let me know, anything you want make i do, i go do, when you call on me i go show, anytime you need all for me let me know, anytime you need love i'll be there"
"to everybody else i'm a bad guy, to my baby boo i'm the right guy, but to my therapist i'm a sad guy, and to my ex girl i be hard guy why, omalicha tell me who is who yeah, tell me what to do, na im make i sing this song for you yeah"
Tags ENTERTAIMENT MUSIC
The Plug ENTERTAINMENT , MUSIC , NEWS , PROMOTIONS , MOTIVATIONAL QUOTE , STAR BLOG , AUDIOMACK , SOUNDCLOUD , MYHOTPLUG , | download.
byBii • January 18, 2022
Mayorkun "Let me know" mp3 download
DMW starboy, Mayorkun has impressively turned out with a brand new glowing number termed, "Let Me Know."
Mayorkun has had his sabatical cut short after he received numerous messages from his die-hard fans on social media, asking him when he is going to drop a new song for them. The mission is accomplished as the self-mentioned and acclaimed Mayor of Lagos sprays us with love on his new vibe known as "Let Me Know."
"Let Me Know" is a scintillating studio record that was sang in English and pidgin. The sound talks about how Mayorkun always drops the hint of "never lacking" note to the love of his life; telling her to let him know what he is not doing right and he will do it as soon as possible.
Recently, Mayorkun has been one of the fans favourite in the Nigeria's music scene where he had plenty of features in the past. "The Best" on Davido's album was one of the most sort-after song and | 238 |
Rodale's Prevention Passes 5,000 Paid Customers for Its<|fim_middle|> says there have been more than 1,000 discussion threads started.
Bill Mickey
@billmickey | Online Ed Course
Milestone reached after eight days.
By Bill Mickey :: April 30, 2015
Rodale just launched its new paid online education platform Rodale U this month and one of its programs, The Transformation Challenge, has already passed the 5,000 sign-up mark. The program was added to the platform just over a week ago and is base-priced at $9.95.
The annual Challenge is a three-week program designed to help participants eat healthier and get in shape as the summer months approach. Started in 2013, it was originally facilitated through a free daily email.
"You never know when you throw one of these things out there whether people who are used to one way will sign up for a different format," says Bruce Kelley, editor-in-chief of Prevention and EatClean.com. "Prevention has done really well in getting our readers and users excited about the Challenge, but we never charged for it. This is the first time we asked them to help cover our costs."
Over the last two years, the program has attracted about 45,000 participants.
The May issue of Prevention featured a cover story on the program, which Kelley says likely drove about half of the sign-ups. Online, the Prevention team has linked relevant articles back to the Challenge program page, and prestitials and other interrupters have driven the rest of the sign-ups.
Rodale is integrating the online education platform deeply into its branded content. The May issue feature story is one way the company is driving conversions, but its book division is also tightly tied to the initiative.
The education modules often feature Rodale book authors as part of the faculty and book sales are bundled in as a higher-tier price point.
A silver-level bundle at $39.95 for the Challenge includes a copy of the diet book "Sugar Smart Express." Kelley says they've sold more than 400 of those so far. A $200 gold level limited to 50 participants includes the book and one-on-one instruction with the program's coach. In all, a spokesperson says there have been around 500 up-sells.
A key component of the program is its community functionality. Participants can sign on and leave comments and announce their progress. "It's a social play," adds Kelley. "On every page there's a button to discuss and the comments are piling up. There's a lot of cheerleading, confessionals and support. We talk a lot in this business of creating a sense of community and a social environment and this has been one of the better models I've seen and the damn thing hasn't even started yet."
The Challenge program kicks off tomorrow and the spokesperson | 555 |
List of EastEnders characters (1988)
Melody (Sounds Real)
Melody (TV series)
Globe (tabloid)
Globe (Sacramento RT)
Ericsson Globe
The following is a list of characters first appearing in the BBC soap opera EastEnders in 1988, by order of first appearance.
Kenny Beale
Kenneth "Kenny" Beale is played by Michael Attwell. He also appears in the EastEnders novels by Hugh Miller, and in the 1988 EastEnders spin-off episode entitled Civvy Street, though the character is a baby and the actor is not credited.
Kenny is the older brother of Pauline (Wendy Richard) and Pete Beale (Peter Dean). He was born in 1941 to Albert and Lou Beale (Anna Wing). He was born and raised in Walford, where he lived with his family at number 45 Albert Square.
Kenny was banished from Walford in 1965, at the age of 24, when his mother caught him in bed with his brother's wife Pat (Pam St. Clement). He went to live in New Zealand, set up a business selling swimming pools, and married a New Zealander named Barbara. He didn't speak to any of his family for five years after emigrating, and after that it was only Pauline who corresponded with him.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/List_of_EastEnders_characters_(1988)
"Melody: Sounds Real" is the second single from Ayaka.
The B-side track, "Blue Days", was used as an insert song for the Japanese dorama suppli/supply. The single was limited to a special 50,000 copy printing and has sold 24,466 copies.
All lyrics written by Ayaka.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Melody_(Sounds_Real)
Melody is a British preschool mixed-media music children's television series created by Luke Howard, and produced by Wish Films and LAAH Entertainment for the BBC. Designed with disabled children in mind, it features a little girl with a visual impairment as the main character.
Melody was developed with help from the RNIB Pears Centre in Coventry, which supports children with sight problems and additional needs. While helping to create the programme, the Pears Centre conducted research into animation and soundtracks that are easier for blind and partially sighted people to follow.
Melody introduces pre-school children to classical music through the main character's imagined stories, and specially created animations that are more enjoyable for visually impaired viewers.
In each episode Melody undertakes an everyday activity with her mother. The fun she has, or the frustrations or difficulties she experiences, prompts her to want to listen to a piece of music. Her mother suggests a piece and gives Melody some headphones and an MP3 player to listen to it. Through animation, we are taken on an adventure through Melody's imagination as she listens to the music.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Melody_(TV_series)
Globe is a supermarket tabloid first published North America on November 10, 1954 in Montreal, Canada as Midnight by Joe Azaria and John Vader and became the chief competitor to the National Enquirer during the 1960s. In 1978 it changed its name to the Midnight Globe after its publisher, Globe Communications, and eventually changed its name to Globe. The newspaper, as well as most of its rivals, is now owned by American Media Inc. and is published out of American Media's headquarters in Boca Raton, Florida. Globe covers a widespread range of topics, including politics, celebrity news, human interest and high-profile crime stories. It recently led the fight to try to save TV's All My Children and One Life to Live.
In mid-November 1995, Globe caused controversy by publishing Tejana singer Selena Quintanilla-Perez<|fim_middle|> Wikimedia Commons
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Globe_(Sacramento_RT)
Ericsson Globe (originally known as Stockholm Globe Arena) is the national indoor arena of Sweden, located in the Johanneshov district of Stockholm (Stockholm Globe City). The Ericsson Globe is currently the largest hemispherical building in the world and took two and a half years to build. Shaped like a large white ball, it has a diameter of 110 metres (361 feet) and an inner height of 85 metres (279 feet). The volume of the building is 605,000 cubic metres (21,188,800 cubic feet). It has a seating capacity of 16,000 spectators for shows and concerts, and 13,850 for ice hockey.
It represents the Sun in the Sweden Solar System, the world's largest scale model of the Solar System.
On February 2, 2009, the naming rights to the Stockholm Globe Arena were officially acquired by Swedish telecommunications company Ericsson, and it became known as the Ericsson Globe.
The Globe is primarily used for ice hockey, and is the former home arena of AIK, Djurgårdens IF, and Hammarby IF. It opened in 1989 and seats 13,850 for ice hockey games, but is also used for musical performances as well as other sports than ice hockey, for example futsal (indoor football). It is owned by FCA fastigheter. The third team to play a home game in their league was Huddinge IK (three home games there, all in 1993), followed by Hammarby IF (20 home games in The Globen to this day) and AC Camelen (one game in 1998, in the sixth level league, with 92 spectators). The first international game played in Globen was between Hammarby IF (Sweden) and Jokerit (Finland) a couple of weeks before the grand opening, although the players were only 12 years old at the time (born 1977) and it was a friendly game. The arena has been the home of the finals of Sveriges Television's yearly music competition Melodifestivalen since 2002. Ericsson Globe also hosted the Eurovision Song Contest 2000 and has been chosen to host it again in 2016.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Ericsson_Globe
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Fever Fever, Melody Club
Evil Thing, Melody Club
Stranded Love, Melody Club
Fever Fever
Struck down by a prayer
And she compels you, you can't help it
Drop down to your knees
She's in your mind and you are blinded
And she put a spell on you
She's nobodys angel
She's nobodys
Nobodys angel
Fever fever leave my heart alone
Teardrops down my face
ii curse the day when I was born
I curse the day when I was born
Lost inside her grace
And you surrender sweet surrender
Bound within a sigh
She takes you under, keeps you under
And she puts a spell on you
Still my fading heart beats for your love
Still my fading heart beats for love
Latest News for: Melody globe
Rutland Region Arts Preview
Rutland Herald 13 Jul 2019
Contributions should be sent to jim.lowe@rutlandherald.com at least two weeks in advance. Fox and Kramer. BELLOWS FALLS-BRANDON – Nathan Evans Fox and Jane Kramer will co-headline acoustic shows at 7 p.m ... Friday, July 19, at Brandon Music ... 301 ... The Boston Globe reported, "Kirby plays and writes from inside the music, putting melody and feeling first."....
Arts Preview: July 11-17
On his music tour, Dwayne Bravo gets the city grooving
He might be missing all the action on the cricketing field, but that hasn't deterred Dwayne Bravo from keeping himself busy ... "It's pretty good here," he begins, "I have been wanting to do this music tour for a while ... But I do get inspired by things I achieve personally and by other things that happen around the globe ... I get a hook of melody ... Chennai ... ....
ZAYN And Becky G To Release A Special Version Of The Oscar� and GRAMMY�-Winning Song ...
The Record 17 May 2019
The timeless ballad, featuring Alan Menken's beautiful melody and Howard Ashman's unforgettable lyrics, received an Academy Award�, Golden Globe� Award and GRAMMY Award, among other accolades, upon its release in 1992....
Melody Harris appointed President of SomaLogic
Omaha World-Herald 23 Apr 2019
Boulder, CO, April 23, 2019 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- SomaLogic CEO Roy Smythe, M.D. announced today that Melody Harris has been appointed President of SomaLogic ... grateful to Melody for taking on these significant responsibilities at this time of commercializing our technology," said Dr....
Entertainment Briefs - April 4
Brainerd Dispatch 04 Apr 2019
Legacy Chorale performs free spring concerts. The Legacy Chorale of Greater Minnesota announces its Spring Series 2019 ... • 7.30 p.m., April 13, Holy Cross Catholic Church, Onamia ... "Songs that lead us from despair to hope, doubt to faith, and hatred to love comprise a program filled with inspirational melodies from around the globe," the release stated....
Entertainment Briefs - March 28
Brainerd Dispatch 28 Mar 2019
Cultural Thursday features student's take on Russia. Central Lakes College's Cultural Thursday program presents "Observations as a Student ... The event is free and ... The ... She ... I took ... "Songs that lead us from despair to hope, doubt to faith, and hatred to love comprise a program filled with inspirational melodies from around the globe," the release stated ... ....
YouTube music debuts in India
The Times of India 12 Mar 2019
New Delhi, Mar 12 () YouTube music platform will now be available in India to cash in on the rising data consumption and demand for Indian melodies across the globe, a director of Google's popular video service said Tuesday ... Started in November 2015, YouTube Music had been available in around 29 countries ... Indian artist were among top five ... PRS MR MR....
YouTube music, YouTube Premium debut in India
Moneycontrol 12 Mar 2019
YouTube on Tuesday launched both free and paid version of music platforms that will offer all genre of Indian music as well as western charts ... YouTube music platform will now be available in India to cash in on the rising data consumption and demand for Indian melodies across the globe, a director of Google's popular video service said Tuesday ... ....
Africa: Mastercard to Localise African Melody With Help From Continent's Top Artists
All Africa 12 Feb 2019
Wherever consumers engage with Mastercard across the globe - be it physical, digital or voice environments - the distinct and memorable Mastercard melody will provide simple, seamless familiarity. The technology company also announced plans to localize the melody for various regions, including Africa with help from local artists .......
Mastercard Unveils Sonic Brand
This Day 11 Feb 2019
A statement from the global company explained that wherever consumers engage with Mastercard across the globe – be it physical, digital or voice environments – the distinct and memorable Mastercard melody would provide simple, seamless familiarity ... To ensure the Mastercard melody ......
Mastercard Melody to come to life at Mastercard Sensory Lab during GRAMMY Week and in ...
The Siasat Daily 09 Feb 2019
Wherever consumers engage with Mastercard across the globe – be it physical, digital or voice environments – the distinct and memorable Mastercard melody will provide simple, seamless familiarity ... To ensure the Mastercard melody would resonate with people the world ......
Sound On: Mastercard Debuts Sonic Brand
Odessa American 08 Feb 2019
This press release features multimedia. View the full release here. https.//www.businesswire.com/news/home/20190207005957/en/ ... Wherever consumers engage with Mastercard across the globe – be it physical, digital or voice environments - the distinct and memorable Mastercard melody will provide simple, seamless familiarity ... (Photo. Business Wire) ... CONTACT.... | 's autopsy photos, causing retailers in her home region of South Texas to pull and dispose of that edition of the tabloid. The same pulling occurred in Boulder, Colorado in 1997, when autopsy photos of JonBenét Ramsey were published in the tabloid, though one local retailer retained stock of that edition.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Globe_(tabloid)
Globe is an island platformed Sacramento RT light rail station in Sacramento, California, United States. The station was opened on March 12, 1987, and is operated by the Sacramento Regional Transit District as part of the Blue Line. It is located in the median of Del Paso Boulevard at Globe Avenue. The station serves an area of office parks and light industry. It is the first station beyond the fare-free downtown zone.
Platforms and tracks
Media related to Globe (Sacramento RT) at | 191 |
The Mulloon Institute has been awarded $3.8 million over five years by the Federal Minister for Agriculture and Water Resources, Hon. David Littleproud, for its project to rehydrate Australia, improve the environment, boost farm productivity and engage the community.
"Landscape repair and rehydration through slowing the flow of water can help boost crops and build drought resilience in the future," Minister Littleproud said.
"Already this pilot program has re-established the connection between Mulloon Creek and its floodplain.
"This has raised the level of the stream, stabilised the flow and allow the creek-floodplain system to regenerate naturally."
Chairman for The Mulloon Institute, Gary Nairn AO, welcomed the announcement.
"The support of the Federal Government for<|fim_middle|>2019 following completion of design and approval from regulators. | our rehydration and regenerative work is greatly appreciated. With that support we will be able to complete a total catchment repair that will be a template for the many catchments across the nation needing rehydration," he said.
The project aims to demonstrate the effectiveness of rehydration activities at property and catchment scales to significantly improve landscape function while revitalising farm productivity.
It will provide a living laboratory of landscape rehydration and soil repair, generating enhanced biodiversity, improved water quality and increased primary productivity. Farmers, academics and the broader community will have the opportunity to observe, learn and document the effectiveness of this approach.
The funding will be used for vital on-ground works in the Mulloon Community Landscape Rehydration Project (MCLRP) in southern New South Wales, including extensive scientific monitoring and analysis of the project's impact on the catchment using hydrological, soils, and biological instrumentation.
Another focus will be on the training and education of land managers in holistic management, natural sequence farming and regenerative agriculture, along with workshops and field days.
TMI will be working with a strong network of established partners, including the Australian National University, University of Canberra, Revolution AG, Maia Technology, HydroTerra and Soils for Life, amongst others.
Expected outcomes from the project include valid scientific data showing how landscape rehydration measures can restore landscape function, build landscapes resilient to climatic extremes, improve biodiversity, and increase productivity.
"This funding will provide TMI with the resources to fully implement its catchment-scale rehydration and rehabilitation project and enable us to provide training, education and access to tools suitable for landholders to monitor and manage their own properties," said Luke Peel TMI's Research Coordinator.
"Most importantly, the funding will significantly boost the scientific monitoring, reporting and dissemination of data and information to landholders and the broader public, reinforcing the scientific and educational outcomes for all stakeholders," Mr Peel said.
Further on-ground works are scheduled for spring | 390 |
Movie on Sultana Daku to be shot in UP soon!
Buoyed by the state government's film policy, producer Rahul Mittra, who had earlier shot Bullett Raja in Lucknow and Chambal, will come back to Uttar Pradesh again to shoot his next — Sultana Daku.
lucknow Updated: Feb 24, 2018 15:51 IST
Deep Saxena
R<|fim_middle|> skeptical if the policy and subsidy will continue or not. To our delight it has only become better. It's for other states to replicate it. Where ever I go and governments ask me I tell them to take clues from the UP model which has actually delivered," he says. | ahul Mittra, film producer.(HT Photo)
Mittra, who was in Lucknow to attend the UP Investors' Summit, says the film is based on Sujit Saraf's historical fiction 'Confessions of Sultana Daku' and stars Randeep Hooda.
"I will be back to Lucknow in a month or so for the recce with Hooda. The film's story is in place and Madhurita Anand is writing its script and screenplay. She will also direct the film," says Mittra and adds the film will be shot in the Terai belt of Uttar Pradesh after monsoon.
"We are yet to lock the locations. Since it's a period film (set in 1920s) so we need to show that era. Besides, the film will have lot of horse ride, river bed and train robbery so we need to figure out in which part of UP we will shoot," he says.
Talking more about the film he says the story dates back to British era when this bandit is captured and narrates his story. "The confessions in the book are bit dark but we want to make it entertaining. That is why we are spending a lot of time on the script. We want to make it for everyone including kids. Sultana had a horse (Chetak) and dog (Rai Bahadur). He was a big-heart Robinhood kind of guy who used to take from rich and give it to the poor," he says.
The filmmaker plans to rope in action directors from Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan for the film. "I have been to this belt and they are very good in horse-related actions. This film needs a lot of them and best part is that we have Randeep who has mastery in horse ride. He is one actor who breaks down his DNA to get in the skin of his character — be it Sarabjit (Singh), Charles (Sobraj) or any other role," he says.
Earlier, a film on same subject and name has been made in 1972 starring Dara Singh.
Mittra is also ready with his next Saheb Biwi Aur Gangster3 directed by Tigmanshu Dhulia.
"With Sanjay (Dutt) as Gangster the franchise has become very big. We will release the film in July 27 two days before Sanju's birthday. It will release one month after Sanjay's biopic (directed by Raju Hirani) hits the screen," says Mittra who is also CEO of Wave Cinemas.
He also lavished heavy praises on the UP's film policy.
"The job of a producer, who is in bottom of pyramid, is full of challenges apart from the money angle. When we come to shoot at a place it not only creates employment and exposure but benefits in many other ways like tourism and talent building. So, such policies are very encouraging which has single window clearance, ease of shoot and the biggest thing monetary benefit in form of subsidy," he says.
Mittra feels the announcement of the policy has come as big relief to filmmakers.
"For quiet sometime there was no clarity. Makers were | 648 |
Barnet v Aldershot Town
Barnet lost by a 1-0 scoreline at Underhill against Aldershot Town in front of a good Bank Holiday crowd in a game that leaves the Bees firmly in the midst of a relegation dog-fight.
The Bees remain outside of the bottom<|fim_middle|>et settle for a point at Aldershot as they play out a 0-0 draw with Danny Searle's side. | two, but have played two more matches than those in the drop zone, although Barnet have a point more and currently enjoy a better goal difference.
The line-up featured three changes from the side that had won a hard-fought point at Exeter just days before: an injured Edgar Davids was replaced by Curtis Weston, Jon Nurse started upfront with Jake Hyde at the expense of midfielder Mark Byrne and Jordan Brown replaced Elliot Johnson at left-back.
The visitors started the brighter and forced the early play with a crucial block by Andy Iro denying an opportunity for the Shots.
The Bees replied when an astute pass from John Oster found Nurse on the edge of the box. The striker got his shot away but his effort did not overly trouble the Aldershot keeper.
David Stephens also had to be alert in central defence and he was constantly employed making many a defensive header.
Ricky Holmes was seeing a lot of the ball and a fine cross from the left was almost turned into the net by Hyde, although Craig Reid for the visitors prompted Graham Stack to make a fine save with half-time approaching.
The first-half was relatively short of talking points; the second period would be a contrast.
Three minutes into the half a dubious penalty was awarded to the visitors. Rumour has it that Stephens' hand and the ball were in contact with each other, but there seemed a distinct lack of intent by the defender.
Reid's spot kick was well taken and found the back of the net despite Stack's valiant efforts.
Minutes later matters worsened when Nurse was sent off for reckless play as he lunged in on Dani Lopez; the midfielder soon being able to resume.
With ten men the task was an uphill one but the Bees with a 3-3-3 formation set about drawing level and had some success in pushing the visitors back deep into their own half and on 64 minutes it looked as if the objective had been achieved.
Holmes, this time from the right, delivered a cross that Hyde expertly steered into the net. After some consultation with his assistant, referee Berry seemingly over-ruling his original decision, made a judgement in favour of Aldershot.
With fate conspiring against the Bees and two vital decisions going against them from this moment on it was apparent that the number of matches played of late – as well as playing most of the second-half of this one a man light – was beginning to take its toll.
The best opportunity to level the scores came when a deflected effort from substitute Byrne looked destined to beat the Aldershot keeper, but the ball flew marginally wide of the intended target.
The Bees left the pitch to good applause from the Main Stand; recognition of the effort if not the outcome.
The Bees are at home to Bradford City on Saturday; kick-off being 3 o'clock.
Match Pack: Farsley Celtic 1-1 Barnet FC
The Bees will have to settle for a replay after a second half Tyler Walton strike cancelled out Simeon Akinola's early opener at the Citadel Stadium.
Match Pack: Barnet FC 1-1 FC Halifax Town
The Bees extended their unbeaten run to seven matches as they fought back to draw with FC Halifax Town in a frantic contest at The Hive London.
Match Pack: Boreham Wood 0-0 Barnet
The Bees had to settle for a point as it ended goalless at Meadow Park in a stalemate with Boreham Wood. The draw means Currie's side are now unbeaten in their last six matches in all competitions.
Match Pack: Aldershot Town 0-0 Barnet
Barn | 744 |
Your Week Calendar
Savannah Morning News
Genealogy Workshops
Workshops are offered by the Heritage Library, located at 32 Office Park Road, Suite 300, Hilton Head Island. For reservations, call 843-686-6560.
10-11 a.m. Jan. 14, "Introducing the Heritage Library." Free.
2-3:30 p.m. Jan. 22, 29 and Feb. 5. "Starting Family Research," an entry-level lecture series for first-time researchers. Fee: $45 nonmembers of the Heritage Library Foundation; $40 current members.
2-3:30 p.m. Feb. 13. "Genealogy On-Line," an overview of genealogical research sites available through the Internet. Participants need to understand the basics of using search engines and have a general familiarity with techniques for family history research. Fee: $20 nonmembers; $17 current members.
Salute to Martin Luther King Jr.
7 p.m. Jan. 15, Jewish Educational Alliance, 5111 Abercorn St. Savannah Jazz Orchestra and the Savannah Arts Academy Skylite Jazz Band will perform at the 10th anniversary. Free and open to the public. Call 355-8111.
Poetry Society of Georgia
7:30 p.m. Jan. 15, University Dining Hall, Memorial College Center, AASU campus, 11935 Abercorn St. Greg Williamson will read. Free and open to the public. Refreshments will be served. Call 921-5568 or e-mail tony.morris@armstrong.edu.
"I Do and I Don't," 8 p.m. Jan. 16, Trustees Theater, 216 E. Broughton St. Presented by Savannah College of Art and Design advertising design students representing the National Student Advertising Competition. A fundraiser for the competition. Call 525-5050.
"Annie"
7:30 p.m. Jan. 17, Johnny Mercer Theater, Savannah Civic Center. Tickets: $25-$50. Call 651-6556 or go to www.savannahcivic.com.
"Inspecting Carol"
8 p.m. Jan. 17-20, 24-26 and 3 p.m. Jan<|fim_middle|> Gordon Smith, a professor at the University of Notre Dame, will speak. Free and open to the public. Call 525-5225 or e-mail snelson@scad.edu.
- Compiled by Elisa Preston
© 2023 www.savannahnow.com. All rights reserved. | . 13 and 27, Savannah Actor's Theatre, 703D Louisville Road. Comedy play. Tickets: $20 general; $15 seniors, military and students with valid ID; $10 children. Call 631-3773, e-mail reservations@littletheatreofsavannah.org or go to www.littletheatreofsavannah.org.
AASU Faculty Lecture Series
12:10 p.m. Jan. 18, University Hall 156, AASU campus, 11935 Abercorn St. Donna Mullenax will present: "Studio Physics: Moving Toward Student-Centered Instruction." Free and open to the public. Call 961-3173.
8 p.m. Jan. 18-19, Jan. 25-26 and Feb. 1-2; and 3 p.m. Jan. 19-20, Jan. 26-27 and Feb. 2-3, at Savannah Children's Theatre, 2160 E. Victory Drive. Tickets: $20 adults; $15 children. Call 238-9015 or go to www.savannahchildrenstheatre.org.
Memorial Health Hockey Classic
Jan. 18-19, Savannah Civic Center. For game times and ticket information, call 651-6556 or go to www.savannahcivic.com.
Sounds of Praise Children's Choir Open House
10 a.m.-noon Jan. 19, Live Oak Community Church, 425 W. Montgomery Crossroad. Meet the instructor and learn how to develop a child's musicianship. Call 920-6542 or e-mail soundsofpraisecc@comcast.net.
Wilderness Southeast
10 a.m.-noon Jan. 19. Program: "Beach in Winter." Find out who hides under the sand, and what they're hiding from, during the winter months. Fee: $10 per person. Reservations required. Call 236-8115.
Children's Storytime Book Reading
1:30-2 p.m. and 3-3:30 p.m. Jan. 19, Sensational Minds bookstore, 129 E. Montgomery Crossroad, Oakhurst Shopping Plaza. Jacqui Anderson will be the storyteller. Free and open to the public. Call 927-8600 or go to www.sensationalminds.com.
Youth Talent Show
4-6 p.m. Jan. 19, A.E. Beach High School, 3001 Hopkins St. Singers, dancers, rappers, steppers, comedians, spoken word, musicians and more. Registration space is limited. Call 234-5502.
Ballroom Dance Party
7 p.m. basic lesson and 8-10:30 p.m. social dance Jan. 19, Frank G. Murray Community Center, 160 Whitemarsh Island Road. Cost: $6 members; $10 nonmembers. Beginners and singles welcome. Call 961-9960 or 655-4985.
Savannah Sinfonietta
8 p.m. Jan. 19, Wesley Monumental United Methodist Church, 429 Abercorn St.; and 3 p.m. Jan. 20, at the Plantation Club at the Landings. Kevin Hampton will perform Mozart's Piano Concert No. 23 in A Major. Works by Copland, Haydn and Prokofiev will also be performed. Tickets: $10 college students; $20 and more for general public. For tickets, call 1-800-514-3849 or go to www.etix.com. For information, e-mail 2424odell@comcast.net.
"Julius Ceasar"
7:30 p.m. Jan. 19, Performing Arts Center, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro. Performed by the Aquila Theater Company. Tickets: $30 per person, general public; $25 per person, GSU faculty, staff and students. Call 912-486-7999 or 866-PAC-ARTS, or go to http://ceps.georgiasouthern.edu/pac.
Fashion Shoe & Luncheon
12:30 p.m. Jan. 20, Hyatt Regency Savannah, 2 W. Bay St. Cost: $35 per person; discount available for groups of 10. Reservations due by Jan. 14. Call 236-5505.
Reel Savannah
"Head-on/Gegen die Wand" (Germany/Turkey, 2004), 7 p.m. Jan. 20, Victory Square 9 Theaters. A love story about a marriage of convenience in Hamburg between two troubled Turks. Film is spoken in German and Turkish with English subtitles. Cost: $8, cash only. Go to www.reelsavannah.org.
Architect Lecture
"Reanimating Classical Architecture, Painting and Statuary as Narrative Arts," 7:30 p.m. Jan. 23, Trustees Theater, 216 E. Broughton St. Thomas | 1,168 |
Rachel Kolsky
Engaging, knowledgeable and entertaining Rachel Kolsky is a prize-winning London Blue Badge Tourist Guide (www.golondontours.com) who is passionate about exploring London's heritage. Her walks and talks cover a wide range of themes and areas but always focus on the 'human stories behind the buildings'. She has published four books, Jewish London (2012), Whitechapel in 50 Buildings (2016), Secret Whitechapel (2017) and Women's London (2018).
Jewish London
Rachel Kolsky joined us for the launch of Jewish London, throughout the session she delved into literature and films featuring sites, past and present, of Jewish London. Rachel co-wrote 'Jewish London' a new comprehensive guidebook which focuses on the heritage and culture of London's historic and current Jewish community, including listings of places to eat, shop, stay and pray. This presentation included a screening of 'The Tenth Man', a<|fim_middle|> a gentle walk to explore the renovated Victorian Kings Cross and St Pancras railway stations and their literary associations. The tour ended at Kings Place in time for Jewish Book Week's afternoon sessions.
Jewish Book Week through the year: From Hackney Downs to "The Lowlife"
Rachel Kolsky took us on a tour of Hackney and Dalston to discover its associations with some of the Jewish writers who found inspiration from the diverse communities of London's East End. From Grace Aguilar in the early 19th century to playwrights Arnold Wesker and Harold Pinter at Hackney Downs to Alexander Baron's Lowlife and Roland Camberton's Rain on the Pavements, the tour included readings to bring to life the places the writers knew, in their own words. ...
Women's London: A Tour Guide to Great Lives
Join prize-winning tour guide, award-winning librarian and author Rachel Kolsky as she profiles her latest book, Women's London. Inspired by walking tours she devised for The Women's Library and responding to those who encouraged her to put her words on paper, she published a guide book to London featuring the impact women have had on its society, heritage and streetscape. From scientists to suffragettes, reformers and royals, authors and artists, sit back and discover some of Ra... | delightful short, filmed on...
From Haggadot to Hogwarts – A Walk Around King's Cross
This excursion to showed some of the world's most important Hebrew manuscripts, housed in the British Library. Ilana Tahan introduced treasures including the 14th century Golden Haggadah from Catalonia, Spain, and the 1482 Lisbon Bible. Rachel Kolsky then lead | 80 |
Hardcore Motherhood: #IMOMSOHARD stars Kristin Hensley and Jen Smedley score laughs with honesty
Written by Eric Mitts
#IMOMSOHARD: Kristin Hensley and Jen Smedley
If there's one thing that's true for moms, it's that they could all use a good night out.
Thankfully, comedians/viral video sensations Kristin Hensley and Jen Smedley — of the top-trending Web series #IMOMSOHARD — are here to help.
Currently on a nationwide tour (coming to DeVos Performance Hall on July 9), Hensley and Smedley are enduring what many moms do during the summer months — they're taking their families on an extended vacation. They just also happen to be throwing the best possible party for their network of fans and moms along the way.
With more than one million Facebook fans and millions of views on their comically confessional videos online, the duo has hit on an honest need for laughter in motherhood that has gone overlooked during the age of helicopter parenting and child-rearing blogs.
And in just over a year's time, the duo's frequently wine-enabled straight talk has cut through it all, from bedtimes to Pinterest, picky eaters to Spanx.
"The most wonderful part of this has been the live tour because it puts faces to these<|fim_middle|> up for like three days straight with her baby, and we started and we had a really fancy introduction planned, and then Jen forgot her daughter's name. And I think that was the universe saying, 'OK ladies, here's the path.'"
That path has since taken them to almost overnight online success, and they're currently working to expand the world of #IMOMSOHARD and create a charity or other program to give back to all the moms who have given them so much.
"We're (also) hoping to bring #IMOMSOHARD into sitcom form on TV, like an extended version, where everybody gets to meet our husbands, or maybe better looking versions of our husbands," Smedley said. "Sort of blown-up stories, longer versions of what we're telling in the Web series. But we'll always do the Web series, because you get to interact with the moms and there's nothing like that."
#IMOMSOHARD Mom's Night Out: Summer Break Tour
DeVos Performance Hall, 303 Monroe Ave. NW, Grand Rapids
July 9, 7:30 p.m. $38.50-$48.25
devosperformancehall.com, (616) 742-6500
Published in Comedy
More in this category: « 50 Shades of Comedy: W. Kamau Bell of United Shades of America brings his sociopolitical stand-up to Grand Rapids The 'Not-Too-Bad' Comedy of Brian Regan » | likes and shares and comments," Hensley said. "The moms are out. Women are out. Some dudes come out. And we just celebrate being together. Jen and I often say it's really not about us. It's really about getting to spend time together with your bestie, your group of girls or people you haven't seen in forever. Maybe you dress up, maybe you don't, but you're out for one night and just laugh and have a good time, and it's really special."
That special connection surfaced early online, with fans quickly sharing their own stories and struggles in reaction to the duo's hilarious honest videos, and soon a supportive community of moms emerged around the hashtag.
"There is a lot of this stuff that women talk about with their best friend, but not publicly, so we're just bringing those best friend conversations public," Smedley said of the start of #IMOMSOHARD.
"I think the idea is that you can have a conversation about a heavy topic and sort of lighten it," Hensley added. "We just didn't want to get too heavy, and we didn't want to give advice, because we're the last people who should give advice."
Both originally from Nebraska, Hensley and Smedley attended the University of Nebraska, where they shared a lot of the same friends, but never crossed paths until years later, when they had each ventured out to Los Angeles to pursue their dreams in comedy. Both studied at Second City but still never met, until Hensley caught Smedley doing a small comedy show at an obscure theater where they shared their first laughs over a cooler of beer.
"We very quickly became best friends, and then we met our husbands, and had kids, so the rest was just a boulder rolling downhill," Hensley said.
Taking a pause from comedy to start their families, they soon felt antsy to get creative again and decided to turn the camera on themselves for what was supposed to be an honest look at the challenges of being a mom.
"In our first episode, we tried to be really perky and really happy, and we wanted to show moms that there's a happy side, but that's not how we felt," Hensley said. "I had cystic acne on my cheek and Jen had been | 469 |
Dull Ray no<|fim_middle|> the limit was raised from three stories to four on just four parcels along Atlantic Avenue, a rezoning action by the city to settle a lawsuit by the landowners. Although the low sight lines are charming, Petrolia cautioned that some residents are unprepared for the scale of several new developments: "As things come out of the ground, there's going to be some shell shock," she said. "A lot of the development is going to come in much bigger and oversized than most people are even aware."
Few developments will redefine downtown Delray Beach more than Atlantic Crossing, with 82 condos, 261 rental apartments, | more
Published Friday, April 12, 2019
by Michael Seemuth
The town that was once derided as "Dull Ray" has been anything but that as of late, particularly when it comes to commercial development.
Sandwiched between Boca Raton and West Palm Beach, Delray Beach earned that boorish nickname due to how few nightlife options it had on offer. But today, the East Atlantic Avenue corridor of downtown Delray Beach is a hot spot for shops, restaurants and bars that some real estate pros compare to Lincoln Road in South Beach. And denser development is on the way, both downtown and in areas that fall within the city's federal Opportunity Zones.
Thanks to the program, which launched with the signing of the 2017 tax law, investors who develop real estate in such zones, designated as distressed areas, can defer capital gains taxes. Delray Beach's zones lie west along Atlantic Avenue toward I-95 — a sparsely developed corridor within a two-square-mile area.
Combining retail and offices with residential units and a hotel, the Midtown Delray Beach development on West Atlantic Avenue falls within an Opportunity Zone. The local developer of the project, Hudson Holdings, has attracted private equity firms that raised Opportunity Zone investment funds and want to park capital.
"A number of them have contacted us. I can't name names. But I can tell you, there is a lot of interest," said Hudson Holdings principal Steven Michael. He expects the Opportunity Zone designation to spur increased development throughout Delray Beach's West Atlantic Avenue corridor. "That would have happened with or without the Opportunity Zone, but I think it will accelerate that investment," Michael said.
In January, Delray Beach's Community Redevelopment Agency chose Aventura-based BH3's mixed-use project AltaWest as the winning proposal among six submitted by firms bidding to develop the land at the 600, 700, 800 and 900 blocks on the south side of West Atlantic Avenue.
The project will contain a grocery store, 165 residential units, 21,600 square feet of office space and 43,000 square feet of ground-floor retail space, all on about six acres of city-owned land within the Opportunity Zone.
"There's a lot of infrastructure that hasn't been touched in decades that needs to be upgraded, and those are things we believe the municipality is well-suited to do," said BH3 principal Daniel Lebensohn.
He added that he has discussed financing for AltaWest with potential investors, including a real estate-oriented private equity fund with $100 million to invest in Opportunity Zones.
Six blocks east of AltaWest is Hudson Holdings' mixed-use Midtown Delray Beach development, a seven-acre site at West Atlantic Avenue and Swinton Avenue. Midtown hopes to deliver 47,000 square feet of restaurant and retail, 93,000 square feet of office space and 100,000 square feet of housing and hotel space.
Delray Beach Mayor Shelly Petrolia said she believes Midtown Delray Beach "is going to be that spark that gets us on the path of development on West Atlantic," and, like East Atlantic, "it can have its own vibe and become its own destination."
Downtown buzz
Over in no-longer-dull downtown Delray Beach, big development projects are underway, though they may not appear so large at first. The four-story limit on building height west of the Intracoastal Waterway is the essence of "that charm that people get and sense when they drive into Delray," Mayor Petrolia told TRD.
In 2018, | 767 |
I was born in Little Rock, Arkansas and raised in a Christian home. At six years of age, I accepted Christ as my Savior and was mentored by many special Sunday School, G. A. and children's choir teachers as I learned what following Christ meant. Arch and I met at Arkansas State University and were married in 1975. We have been blessed with<|fim_middle|> Him with a joyful noise. | 3 children and six wonderful grandchildren.
Music has been part of my life as long as I can remember. One special memory is of sitting in a cool sanctuary, listening to the organ prelude and hearing my daddy say "Maybe someday you will play the organ in church". As a teen counselor and pianist at a summer mission camp, I surrendered my life to fulltime Christian service. That call has included being a fulltime mother, a community volunteer, and a full-time church musician.
And now, in this season of life, I have been called to minister to the senior adults at Thalia Lynn. Together as JOY Seekers we explore ways to focus our second half of life on Jesus Others and Yourself—on our spiritual maturity, on sharing Christ with and serving others, and on wellness, fellowship and fun. How blessed I am to work with this wonderful group of people!
We serve an awesome God! My desire is to worship "in spirit and in truth" and to help facilitate worship for others. My joy is to see all God's children, whether aged 3 or 93, praising | 225 |
is an English contract law case on the measure of damages for disappointing breaches of contract.
Facts
Mr. Jarvis was a solicitor for Barking Council. He chose to go for Christmas holiday in Switzerland. He got a brochure from Swan Tours Ltd, which for Mörlialp, Giswil said the attractions were,
House Party Centre with special resident host. ... Mörlialp is a most wonderful little resort on a sunny plateau ... Up there you will find yourself in the midst of beautiful alpine scenery, which in winter becomes a wonderland of sun, snow and ice, with a wide variety of fine ski-runs, a skating rink and exhilarating toboggan run ... Why did we choose the Hotel Krone ... mainly and most of all because of the 'Gemütlichkeit' and friendly welcome you will receive from Herr and Frau Weibel. ... The Hotel Krone has its own Alphütte Bar which will be open several evenings a week. ... No doubt you will be in for a great time, when you book this houseparty holiday ... Mr. Weibel, the charming owner, speaks English.
In a special yellow box it said,
Swans House Party in Mörlialp. All these House Party arrangements are included in the<|fim_middle|>, but also damages for "disappointment, the distress, the upset and frustration caused by the breach." He said old limitations on damages for distress and disappointment are "out of date". Accordingly, £125 was awarded.
Edmund Davies LJ and Stephenson LJ concurred.
Commentary
Jarvis v Swans Tours Ltd has been called "the Donoghue v Stevenson of Tourism Law".
See also
Measure of damages in English law
Addis v Gramophone Co Ltd [1909] AC 488
Jackson v Horizon Holidays Ltd [1975] 3 All ER 92
Farley v Skinner [2001] UKHL 49
Notes
References
Yates (1973) 36 Modern Law Review 535, who refers to the damages in this case as 'exemplary' rather than for non-pecuniary loss.
External links
Full text of judgment on Bailii
Mörlialp today on the Swiss tourism website
Lord Denning cases
English remedy case law
1973 in British law
Court of Appeal (England and Wales) cases
1973 in case law | price of your holiday. Welcome party on arrival. Afternoon tea and cake for 7 days. Swiss dinner by candlelight. Fondue party. Yodeler evening. Chali farewell party in the 'Alphütte Bar'. Service of representative.
It also stated, "Hire of Skis, Sticks and Boots ... Ski Tuition ... 12 days £11.10." Mr Jarvis booked 15 days with a ski pack in August 1969 for £63.45, including Christmas supplement. He flew from Gatwick to Zurich on December 20, 1969, and returned on January 3, 1970. He found the "house party" was only 13 people in the first week and none in the second week. Mr Weibel could not speak English. As Lord Denning MR said,
So there was Mr. Jarvis, in the second week, in this hotel with no house party at all, and no one could speak English, except himself. He was very disappointed, too, with the ski-ing. It was some distance away at Giswil. There were no ordinary length skis. There were only mini-skis, about 3 ft. long. So he did not get his ski-ing as he wanted to. In the second week he did get some longer skis for a couple of days, but then, because of the boots, his feet got rubbed and he could not continue even with the long skis. So his ski-ing holiday, from his point of view, was pretty well ruined.
There were also no Swiss cakes, just crisps and little dry nut cakes. The "yodeler" was a local man who came in work clothes and sang four or five songs quickly. The "Alphütte Bar" was empty and only open one evening.
Mr Jarvis sued for breach of contract. The trial judge awarded £31.72, as the difference between the value paid and the value of the service received (half of what was paid for). Mr Jarvis appealed for more.
Judgment
Lord Denning MR held that Mr Jarvis could recover damages for the cost of his holiday | 453 |
DARREN FLETCHER has lifted the lid on how Cristiano Ronaldo ignored the mocking of his Manchester United team-mates in his quest to become the best player in the world.
Former United star Fletcher shared a dressing room with Ronaldo for years when they were both making their way in the game from promising youngsters to seasoned regulars.
And he admitted Juventus ace Ronaldo was a different breed from the rest in the Old Trafford squad with his focus on establishing himself as a footballing great.
He was snapped up as an 18-year-old from Sporting Lisbon for £12.4million, and despite his tender years he brought his own ideas to United training and didn't care what others thought.
Fletcher, speaking on Sky's Monday night Football, said: "Ronaldo had a mind-set that he was going to be the best player in the world from the first day he came into the club.
"He ramped up training early on<|fim_middle|> or someone would come in for him. | . At first people loved the desire but he did get stick for it.
"People respected it and liked that mentality of wanting to be the best.
"There were times he was putting ankle weights on for training, doing fast feet and the lads were laughing at him. But it didn't deter him."
Fletcher, 34, also heaped praise on Wayne Rooney for the impact he made on the game for United.
The midfielder watched Rooney settle in at Old Trafford and then go on to become their highest ever goalscorer - and is miffed by the criticism the former England captain gets.
Fletcher added: "Wayne was fantastic. We were two of the youngest in the dressing room and we built up a good relationship early.
"We had similar backgrounds and we clicked.
"You could tell he was going to go on to be a Manchester United great. The only worry was whether a Real Madrid | 182 |
David showcases his expertise in the field of forensic economics, writing a number of academic papers and practitioner-driven articles.
Women are remaining in the labor market longer than their peers from previous generations.
We derive a new estimator of future net<|fim_middle|> the historical average net discount rate. | discount rates based on the statistical properties of the underlying wage and interest rate series.
This paper extends our previous research by comparing our new net discount rate estimators to a variety of forecasts.
We develop a new technique for valuing household services at retail costs rather than wage rates, which is typically done.
The evolving likelihood of moving into and out of the labor market has impacted worklives for both men and women.
How Much Confidence Do We Have in Estimates of Future Net Discount Rates?
We develop confidence intervals for various net discount rate estimators, including our new estimator introduced in a previous paper.
Net Discount Rates: Does Duration Matter?
An exploration of whether there is a common time period, or duration, over which to calculate | 145 |
Comms Express was launched in 2002 literally out of a bedroom, with a simple dream to really offer value as a key distributor and reseller of computer networking equipment. So the Cisco story and its humble beginnings is one we can emphasise with.
In 1984 when husband and wife Len Bosack and Sandy Lerner, both working for Stanford University, wanted to email each other from their respective offices located in different buildings they were thwarted due to technological shortcomings. Technological advances had to be invented to deal with disparate local area protocols; and as a result of solving their challenge – the multi-protocol router was born<|fim_middle|> more.
Cisco currently works with a great hashtag #TomorrowStartsHere and for us it really hits upon the idea that Cisco is there to help companies seize the opportunities of tomorrow by connecting the previously unconnected. | .
The name Cisco was derived from the city name San Francisco and in the early days the company was always formatted in the lowercase in keeping with their famous namesake.
It is testament to their constant evolution and desire that they are now recognised as the worldwide leader in their field. They have revolutionised how we communicate, connect and collaborate with each other.
Today they offer a wide range of services and products for all business needs: Application Network Services; Networking Software; Physical Security; Interfaces and Modules; Routers; Cloud and Systems Management; Wireless and Switches, and much, much | 116 |
We bring ideas to reality!
Howard Marshall Engineering design and manufacture all of their own products and also provide bespoke solutions to customers within the agricultural and groundcare industry. HME have the resources to bring new ideas to reality through all<|fim_middle|> manufactured in the UK at the Nottinghamshire based premises. Much of the manufacturing processes happens in the fabrication department. The 3 main stages of manufacture include fabrica The fabrication department also includes a large modern paint shop.
All products are assembled and finished on site. The final assembly includes testing and quality control to ensure that products meet the highest standards. HME are proud to be renowned for the quality of their products and services.
Spare parts and components for all HME products are available through the dedicated parts department which holds a wide variety of parts in stock for speedy despatch. HME can also supply spare parts for agricultural and groundcare machinery, serving the local agricultural groundcare operators. | stages of the design process including research & development , manufacturing, and final presentation. HME often undertake projects which require one or all of the stages of the product lifecycle, from developing an advanced winch system for utility vehicles, to restoring a vintage tractor our customers benefit from a wide range of skills and services to get the best results.
The design process happens in five key stages from Concept Ideation to Prototyping. Each stage of the design process is carried out at the HME premises by a team qualified and highly experienced engineers using industry leading Computer Aided Design software.
As with any new product the design process starts with identifying a problem. In order to generate a solution to the problem or fulfil a requirement, it is necessary to have a clear definition of what is the desired outcome. Creating a transparent well-defined unambiguous statement to outline these requirements is a key to a functional and effective solution. Various techniques are used throughout the process including concept ideation, the first stage in developing a design brief to solve a design problem or criteria and bring new ideas and innovations to life. Concept ideation can be communicated through sketches, ideation boards and digital renders.
Once the problem has been fully defined, information needs to be gathered and research carried out - Has the problem been encountered before? Do solutions already exist? How effective are they? What can be done to improve?
HME uses visualisations to present products, research outcomes and ideas prior to further development. Highly detailed digital visualisations and artists impressions show the desired result as it should be when manufactured without the manufacturing and development costs involved as during this stage the product or idea is likely to change many times before a final decision is made to progress to further research and development.
The HME team have a very high combined number of years of experience which contributes to research and development capacity. Research responsibilities are often divided up between members of the team based on background experience and a particular skill set, which is often varied. Throughout the design process research and development is critical to find new and innovative solutions.
At this stage, a number of potential solutions will have been identified. The solutions now require careful analysis in order to recognise the most effective, both functionally and in terms of cost effectiveness. With the use of the latest industry standard Computer Aided design software, highly detailed 3D models and 2D presentations can be produced.
HME use a selection of design software including Adobe Photoshop and Illustrator for 2D and 3D graphic work ranging from visualisations to presentations and Solidworks for 3D modelling. The Solidworks package allows HME to create highly detailed working 3D models that are production ready, this industry standard software is among the leaders in its class.
After the identification and design of a solution, testing is required. Much of the initial testing can be done within the 3D modelling software, Solid-works 2018. For example, stress tests and calculations using FEA and form fit function assessments.
In many cases, the 3D modelling software can eliminate the requirement for expensive prototypes. Testing in this manner allows advantages and disadvantages to be identified and analysed and the products overall effectiveness to be assessed. This is an iterative process and can sometimes lead back to step 3 before the best solution is realised.
A prototype of a product or solution can be produced pre-production if it is required to establish positive and negative aspects from which further development leads to the refinement of any issues which could later arise in the manufacturing process. This results in a more efficient and cost effective production later in the process.
HME products are | 722 |
Combining influences from New York and California style, designer Kerry Vasquez creates a vibrant, color-centric bungalow in Los Angeles that pays tribute to the original Spanish-style details.
When you're a diehard color enthusiast, stepping foot inside an all-beige home can be an instant deal-breaker. But for one new Los Angeles transplant, a neutral space was just the blank slate her large-scale transformation required. Her first step? Enlisting the help of Homepolish designer Kerry Vasquez to take her three-bedroom Spanish bungalow from bland to irresistibly bold.
Kerry transformed the lackluster space into a home that reflected her client's infectious personality by blending elements from both Los Angeles and New York City styles.
And to pay tribute to her client's new home base, Kerry embraced the laid-back, quintessentially Los Angeles spirit of the Spanish bungalow.
"I wanted to lean into this [laid-back] feeling<|fim_middle|> was using "Flamingo Feather" by Behr—a paint color the designer had been equally eager to use, and the entryway from the main house to the pool house felt like a natural place to add some light and personality through color.
Because the remainder of the pool house functions primarily as a space for entertaining, Kerry wanted to set the right tone with a multi-colored palette that harks back to Palm Springs in the 70's. After her client have her full permission to "go nuts," she selected a slew of lively pieces in Mid-Century colors and silhouettes, from a vivid rug of geometric shapes to a cheerful yellow chair.
"I wanted this space to feel like a place to have a swinging 70's party—sophisticated yet vivacious, just like my client," Kerry shares.
The result is the kind of party sophisticated pad you wait impatiently for an invite to.
Inspired to introduce some vibrancy into your home? Sign up for Homepolish today. | and make the space somewhere Johanna could really relax after a hard day of work or celebrate with friends on the weekend around her gorgeous pool," Kerry reveals.
This meant preserving the pre-existing Spanish-style details, like the striking vintage stained glass window in the living room. To accentuate the room's height, Kerry hung natural iron rod and crisp white linen curtains as close to the vaulted ceiling beams as possible. She also chose to embrace pieces that feel at home in this style house.
"I used natural materials you would find in a Spanish-style home, like wrought iron, linens, plants and ceramics, to capture the home's spirit without being too on the nose in any way," Kerry explains. "I wanted the space to feel like a colorful yet elegant tropical paradise, honoring her roots and celebrating the warmth and sunshine of her new city.
In the master bedroom, Kerry temporarily eschewed bold design in lieu of a serene vibe, creating a sanctuary for her client to rest and restore. She coated the walls in a calming bluish-grey paint color and chose furnishings with clean lines, including a cast metal night stand and console. To imbue the guest room with a similarly relaxed, welcoming feel, Kerry and her client chose a neutral palette of soft greens and brown to mingle alongside natural fibers, organic linens, and wooden pieces, like a rustic Mid-Century nightstand and wood-based lamp with striking geometric lines.
Kerry dialed up the vibrancy once again in the pool house. One of the first things her client requested | 309 |
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Home > The Bluegray Carpetshark
The Bluegray Carpetshark
Australia's northeastern coast is home to this small and uncommon bottom-dweller, known as Brachaelurus colcloughi. It is a prime example of the ordinary, poorly known species that are easily forgotten when it comes to shark conservation. Yet these cryptic critters are just as important to marine ecosystems as the big, flashy sharks that grab all the attention.
In Romeo and Juliet, William Shakespeare wrote "a rose by any other name would smell as sweet". Well, this species is your perfect shark example of why the nature of something is more important than its name! It also shows why Latin names are important when we're taking about organisms.
Common names can lead to confusion. Some people do call this "Bluegray carpetshark". However others call it "Colclough's shark". With two names that are like apples and oranges, you'd never know they refer to the exact same beast! This species is also referred to as blue-grey catshark, bluegrey shark, or southern blind shark. If you're French you'd call it Requin aveugle gris-bleu, or in Spanish it'd be Tiburón ciego gris.
Unfortunately, in this case even the scientific name can be misleading, because the species is sometimes placed in another genus: so it is also known as Heteroscyllium colcloughi. Whatever we call it, this shark is one of only two species of "blind sharks" (Family Brachaeluridae), which in turn belong to the broader grouping known as "carpet sharks" (Order Orectolobiformes).
Bluegray Carpetshark Facts
Blind sharks like this are so named because they close their eyes when taken out of the water.
This one is considered a rare species, as it is seldom observed, despite decades of fish surveying across its range.
This carpetshark is a stocky fish with eyes positioned toward the top of its wide, flattish head. It has a blunt snout, and a pair of long fleshy projections known as "Barbels" hang down either side of its small mouth, in front of the nostrils. It has large pectoral fins, and dorsal fins placed far back on the body, with the first being larger than the second.
Young sharks have distinct black markings on a white background, a pattern that fades to brownish in adults. The average size is 40 to 50 cm (16 to 20″), with a maximum recorded length of 85 cm (33″).
Habitat and Range
This species is found along the continental shelf of the northeastern coast of Australia, in New South Wales and in Queensland, including on the Great Barrier Reef. This is one of the few sharks that occurs mainly around an urban area (off southeastern Queensland).
It is usually observed in shallow, inshore waters, often at around 5 m (17″) and regularly up to 100 m (333 ft) deep, though it has been recorded down to 217 m (723 ft). During the day it hides in reefs, under rocky ledges and in caves, and has also been seen hanging around shipwrecks.
The bluegray carpetshark likely comes out from its hiding spots to forage at night. While little is known about the diet, based on close relatives it is thought to feed on other bottom-dwelling invertebrates and small bony fish.
No information was encountered about this shark's general behavior.
The breeding method is known as Ovoviviparous. In this situation the egg cases of the embryos disappear early in development, while they are still inside the mother. The young continue to be nourished by yolk, until they are born free.
A female has a litter of 6 to 8 pups, which are about 18 cm (7″) long at birth.
There is no information about the age at maturity or the lifespan of this species.
Humans and Conservation
Urban coastal areas like the one where this species lives are often the site of human activities that harm fish: industry, recreation, and habitat disturbance can have a negative impact on shark populations.
The ocean home of the bluegray carpetshark does experience intensive fishing and development. This species is caught accidentally by trawling (a fishing method where nets are dragged behind a boat), and then sold in the aquarium trade. It is popular for that purpose because young sharks have an attractive coloring, and they seem to adapt well to captivity. Pollution is also a potential threat.
These sharks are harmless to people. The Red List of the International Union for Conservation of Nature names this species as Vulnerable because it has a small range in a densely populated area, limited habitat preferences, and it is uncommon.
Populations are being monitored but no specific conservation actions are in place. The habitat type that is essential for this species is inner coastal reefs. Degradation of these reefs means that less area is available for the species. Some of the critical habitat is protected on the Great Barrier Reef and within Moreton Bay Marine Park.
Like other uncommon sharks, another important challenge for management of this creature is the lack of basic information about its life history.
Arkive
Kyne PM, Compagno LJV, Stead J, Jackson MV & Bennett MB (2011). Distribution, habitat and biology of a rare and threatened eastern Australian endemic shark: Colclough's shark, Brachaelurus colcloughi Ogilby, 1908. Marine and Freshwater Research 62: 540-547.
Pogonoski JJ, Pollard DA & Paxton JR (2002). Conservation Overview and Action Plan for Australian Threatened and Potentially Threatened Marine and Estuarine Fishes.Published by Environment Australia
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Welcome to Baltimore Freightliner-Western Star's brand new blog! First thing's first, let us introduce ourselves and talk a bit about the wide range of services that we provide for all of your trucking needs.
Since 1986, Baltimore Freightliner-Western Star has been the Baltimore-Washington metropolitan area's go-to for quality, reliable service. Whether you are a professional trucking business who has a need for a full inventory or a smaller business owner who only needs a few trucks for your shipping purposes, Baltimore Freightliner-Western Star is here to help.
Durable and fuel-efficient, Freightliner trucks have long been at the top of their market.
For industries that deal with particularly heavy equipment or products, a Western-Star truck will meet the challenge head on.
For smaller-scale operations who need a van either for cargo or passengers, Sprinter is the<|fim_middle|> With same-day shipping, if you find that you are in need of a specific part, trust Baltimore Freightliner-Western Star to get it to you fast.
Need to take your truck in for routine repairs? Our body shop team can take care of all the scratches, dents, and anything else you can throw at them! We can also do custom and professional paint work for your truck. | way to go.
We are unlike any other trucking dealership. Because we are so familiar with our products, we know how to properly deal with them when they need maintenance or repair. With our Express Assessment, we guarantee to identify your truck's issue within two hours of your arrival. Our mechanics stay up-to-date and educated on all of the latest technology and advancements in trucking, so you can be sure that it won't take long before your truck is fixed and you can be back on the road!
Baltimore Freightliner-Western Star also stocks over 26,000 parts necessary for your truck's performance. | 127 |
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Andres Iniesta can see no end to Lionel Messi's brilliance and believes Barcelona's record goalscorer can continue to dominate the game for many years to come.
The Argentina international is showing few signs of slowing down in his 30s and is on course to claim a third straight Golden Shoe for the most league goals in Europe.
Messi has 33 in all competitions with Barca still fighting on three fronts as the twilight of the season approaches.
They lead the La Liga table by seven points from Atletico Madrid, face Real Madrid in the Copa del<|fim_middle|> the best stoppers around.
"He is an extraordinary person," added Iniesta. "We always sat next to each other on the team bus and had a very good relationship. Marc-Andre is a phenomenal guy.
"For me, he is definitely one of the best goalkeepers in the world. He plays a spectacular season and makes a very safe impression. | Rey semi-final second leg on Wednesday and must bypass Lyon to reach the Champions quarter-finals.
Iniesta watched the 31-year-old progress from La Masia into the first team and then become arguably the club's greatest ever player, and feels there is no stopping Messi in his current form.
"I continue to enjoy his game," said the Spain World Cup winner. "He is and remains an exceptional player who makes the difference.
Alongside Messi's heroics in the final third, goalkeeper Marc-Andre Ter Stegen is regarded as Barca's most important player.
Amid the club's troubles at the back, the German has been key to the recent clean sheets against Athletic Bilbao and Lyon.
Ter Stegen pulled off fine saves in both games to secure draws for Ernesto Valverde's men – two of 13 shut-outs made this season.
Having played alongside the 26-year-old for four seasons at Camp Nou, Iniesta is confident Ter Stegen is one of | 200 |
Who'd have thought I'd miss getting up at 5:00am to punch, kick and jump around until my arms and legs ache?! I've started round two of TurboFire and I forgot how much fun it is! I love the energy I feel during and after a TurboFire workout! Project Flex has begun! I'm loving TurboFire, and I'm much more positive about it all. I really want to see how my strength develops and to really see a difference in my body. Hopefully by the end of 60 days I'll see a difference. I think I'll have to be brave and get Chris to take some "before" photos, that way I can truly appreciate all the hard work I'm putting into it. There's something pretty satisfying about seeing results. Food-wise, I'll be honest – I've had a bit of a wobbly start. What with the crappy weather, my back-pain, and my weird IBD-intestinal-type-discomfort, I've<|fim_middle|> now they're just empty shells of what they used to be. Memories can sometimes be rather haunting in that way. Some weird distortion of reality that can never be relived.
What is your favourite memory about college/university/school? | wanted to comfort eat. And, I'll be honest, that's exactly what I've done so far this week. But it doesn't mean that I should continue for the rest of the week. No, I shall finish the week on a high!
Last week I asked people to tweet/email/comment with some questions for a little Q&A session and this week I answered them! If you've not already seen the video, check it out over at my YouTube channel!
We think we've finally picked a venue! Hoorah! It's a cosy little venue but big enough for the numbers we want, especially if the weather stays dry because the gardens are beautiful and definitely big enough! I've asked the wedding co-ordinator to confirm whether our preferred date would be available, and we'll go from there! Next steps will be to speak to my fantastically wonderful friend Cat to see if she can design the Save The Date cards. She's very talented, and I love her little quirks and attention to detail. Plus, she's just freakin' awesome to hang with, especially when we're squeeing over Ryan Reynolds.
So I went to see my friend Conor down in London. It was so good to see him, as it'd been so long. I made a vlog about it so go and check it out on my YouTube channel. Seeing him made me reminisce about the old times, and half of me was happy, but half of me was sad, because it was all so long ago and everyone kind of disappeared after we graduated, myself included. It's always been hard for me to let go and stop trying to relive the past. Whether it's trying to rekindle old friendships that can never really be repaired, or going to places that always seemed so excited but | 364 |
117 pairs of shoes: Generosity is for everyone
Maclellan Foundation
October 14, 2021 / Giver stories
Most modern stories of Christian philanthropy come from wealthy givers living in developed nations. But sometimes, the most powerful displays of giving are from those with the least to give.
Edited by Daniel Notman
You may have heard the story from 2 Corinthians 8-9 of how God worked a miracle through one of the poorest churches in the first century – the Macedonians. This is a similar story – which happened recently – of a refugee from Somalia who learned, firsthand, the transforming power of biblical generosity.
Years ago …
I am a pastor and evangelist from Somalia.
Years ago, I married a beautiful Ethiopian woman. Although our tribes are not friends, God has given us unity in our marriage. Soon after, my wife became pregnant with our son. We celebrated our new pregnancy with our friends at our underground church.
But while she was pregnant, ethnic tensions escalated in the part of Somalia where we were living. The Somalis forcibly removed my wife from me. She fled to Djibouti to wait for me.
I was devastated. I tried to flee Somalia to be with my wife and my son who was on the way. But at the border between Somalia and Djibouti, I was stopped. Someone recognized me as a Christian, and I was thrown in prison in my country.
In prison, I was interrogated and beaten with chains. The Muslim guards took special delight in beating Christians. During beatings, they would try to get us to give up names of other Christians.
We worked in the fields during the day and were confined in handcuffs and legcuffs at night. We worked barefoot, and our feet became cracked and swollen. The heat and humidity in the prison choked us. We were given enough food to stay alive, but just barely. We never received new clothes, so our clothes became sweaty rags.
At the same time, my wife worked and began to raise our son without me.
One day, I had already been beaten and was back in my cell, trying to close my wounds, and asking God to forgive the prison guards. It was another Christian's turn to be beaten, and under the duress of the torture, he told the guards that I was not just a Christian, but also an evangelist.
The guards marched back over to my cell and began beating me again. To them, believing the gospel was bad. But spreading the gospel was worse.
I am proud to say that, because God strengthened me, I never gave up others' names.
A movement of generosity in Ethiopia
After more than four years, I was released from prison and sent to Ethiopia, where my family was then living. I was eager to see my wife and meet my son. His fifth birthday party was the first one that I attended. What a joy.
That was 11 years ago now. God has blessed my wife and me with two more sons, restoring the years that the locusts had eaten.
Many Somalis have fled from our country to Ethiopia as refugees. Ethiopia's difficult economy makes life challenging for almost everyone. Jobs are scarce. Famine continues to ravage much of the country. And though it can be hard to be an Ethiopian, it's much harder to be a refugee in Ethiopia. We are excluded from the few jobs that there are, and we are the lowest priority for healthcare and schooling.
Once I came to Ethiopia, a group of Somali refugees called me to ask if I would be their pastor. By faith, I said "yes." It's my joy to serve among my people, offering God's hope in a dark time.
As a pastor, I was invited to<|fim_middle|>an foundation is focused on establishing and strengthening the local church, promoting discipleship and leadership development, sparking community transformation, promoting the power of prayer, advocating for generosity, and increasing access to Scripture.
maclellan.netall stories
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Building a world of hopefuls: Jeff Rutt's story | an event that focused on generosity. I knew that the Bible talked a lot about generosity, but I hadn't focused on it. I thought, "If anything, everyone should be generous to me! People should be generous to pastors, right? Especially pastors among the poor, especially among poor refugees, and especially pastors among poor refugees who used to be imprisoned."
At the generosity training, I learned about biblical generosity – that God owns it all. He is the first giver, and we give out of love for him. Giving brings joy here on earth, and we listen to his Spirit and discern his will, as he provides for all our needs. Finally, I discovered that our giving leads to treasure in heaven.
At the training, I was taught hand motions for each of these biblical principles. And after the session, I went to my family and taught them the motions.
As a family, we wondered, "What specific thing can we do to be generous? We don't have much."
We realized that we had some extra clothes, and that those with two shirts can share with those who have none. So we gathered our extra clothes.
Then I taught what I had learned at the generosity training to my small church. I mentioned the example of what our family was doing with clothes. Their response was immediate: our church members wanted to give clothes as well. We ended up collecting a mountain of clothes from other refugees.
"But where should we give them?" we wondered. I thought about giving the clothes to other refugees, but my church stopped me. "No," they said. "If we can be generous, then other refugees can be generous also. We should give to someone who has even less than that."
"Who could that be?" I thought. I prayed and asked God who should receive the clothes we had collected. God reminded me of a man I'd recently met who led a prison ministry. I remembered being a prisoner and how I longed for adequate clothes – what a comfort they would have been. Our church gave him the clothes. He received our gift with joy and distributed it to prisoners. The prisoners were very grateful.
Then the prisoners said, "There's one more thing that we really need." They requested shoes that they could use during their long, hard days of labor.
"I don't have the money to take requests from these prisoners," I thought. But I wanted to be generous. "How many shoes do they need?" I asked.
"117 pairs," my friend said.
I shared this need with our church of Somali refugees. They were so encouraged from the first round of giving that they were filled with joy and went around asking people for extra shoes. The giving didn't scare them. It brought them dignity and joy. They were thrilled to be part of God's plan to bless the prisoners.
When we had collected all the shoes we could, we gathered them together into a pile at the church. And guess how many pairs there were: 117! God had met the need. Of course, no one would win a fashion show in those shoes, but the prisoners could work in the fields without damaging their feet day after day. The prisoners rejoiced and praised God for the refugees who had sacrificed to give them shoes.
A financial surprise
A few days later, my phone rang. A woman from our congregation had been taken hostage. She was being held for ransom by Muslim extremists. Their method was to extort money by kidnapping people and asking them, "Who can you call to get money?" Of course, she didn't know anyone with money, so she called me – as her pastor – to ask for prayer.
The extremists wanted 100,000 Ethiopian Birr, which at the time was worth $3,000 US dollars. That's about what someone makes in Ethiopia in six months, and our congregation didn't even have jobs. But we had prayers.
So we began to pray. And pray. Seven of our families stepped out in faith and gave more than $500 to help us start to collect the ransom money. I was amazed. Families were giving $150, $80, $60, and it was starting to add up.
And then God did a miracle. For no human reason, the extremists released the woman. She called to let us know that God had set her free. No ransom, no threats. Just freedom.
We rejoiced for her freedom! Then someone asked, "What about the money that we've raised?"
"Well, it should go back to the people who gave it," I said. So I contacted each family. But all of them said, "No, we gave the money to God. God should keep it." I couldn't believe it! They all wanted to give the money to our church.
As the pastor, I had no idea what to do with such a precious gift. I had lacked the money to visit some of the refugees from our church, so I used some to take the bus to encourage them. One of our worship leaders was working as a day laborer, but his wages were meager. So, we used some of the money to help meet his daily needs.
The most fun was spreading the money among the poorest in our church. When our people get sick, they can't work, and when they can't work, they can't eat. It's a vicious cycle. With the donated money, we brought them food to nourish them back to health, so they could work. They were so grateful, and many recognized that God had miraculously provided. So, as they got jobs and began to earn money, they would, in small ways, come and give back to God with joy in their hearts.
And that is how refugees in one of the world's poorest countries became generous givers! We remember Jesus, who became poor for us. And now he is pouring out his blessings on us. We, the poor, are becoming rich – full of joy and full of faith.
We cannot wait to see what miracle God wants to do next!
The Maclell | 1,243 |
Oliver, R. and Herrington, J. (2000) Using situated learning as a design strategy for Web-based learning. In: Abbey, B., (ed.) Instructional and cognitive impacts of Web-Based education. Information Science Publishing, Hershey, PA, pp. 178-191.
Many writers argue for a place for the use the new educational technologies from the perspective of IT management (e.g., Holt & Thompson, 1998). This form of reasoning sees a technological, rather than educational, imperative as leading the move to embrace learning technologies. The technological imperative sees the need and place for information technologies in education being based on such organisational factors as opportunity, competition and efficiency. When such imperatives are driving change, the applications of learning technologies are more likely to be made through additive strategies which see existing strategies and methods being complemented by technology-oriented initiatives. Many writers argue for more<|fim_middle|>-based instructional design. The purpose of this paper is to explore a possible Web-based instructional design model that seeks to make optimal use of the opportunities and advantages of the Web as a learning environment and which can return enhanced learning outcomes. | integrated approaches which have the potential to redefine and transform the more fundamental aspects of teaching and learning (e.g., Collis, 1997), that is, a pedagogical imperative. Teachers are using the Web for a variety of reasons and the extent and scope of the usage differs significantly. A majority of current Web-based learning environments have evolved from face-to-face teaching programs in the additive form described above. Typically the first step in the evolutionary process is the creation of an electronic form of existing course content. This content usually takes the form of HTML with hyperlinks to related information within and beyond the immediate course. An added feature is often a communicative element enabling interactions between learners and the teacher. What is characteristic in much of this development is the absence of any particular Web | 157 |
Why Choose Homewood Chiropractic Clinic Fareham?
Homewood Chiropractic has been established in Fareham for over 50 years. Over this time, we have built up an unprecedented reputation in the local area and community. Over 60% of our new patients arrive to see us via personal recommendation from friends, colleagues and family, a great compliment to us.
We have five Chiropractors here at Homewood (three female and two<|fim_middle|> onwards to a wide spectrum of Specialist Medical Consultants should your case require care or investigation outside of our realm of expertise.
Homewood Chiropractic is located in central Fareham, with free on-site parking and access to bus and train routes. Appointments for New and existing Patients can usually be offered same or next day, with emergency appointments usually available even at shorter notice. Saturday morning appointments and early/late appointments are catered for.
The Clinic reception, treatment suites and WC facilities are all at ground floor level. Massage room is up stairs, but arrangements can be made for ground floor treatments.
We are committed to getting you out of pain and back to health in the shortest time possible.
It is very difficult to state how many sessions you may require as no case is typical, many uncomplicated back or neck problems respond well within just a few treatments. More complicated and chronic conditions may take longer. Your Chiropractor will be able to outline your program of care at your initial visit so that you know what to expect. Your progress will be reviewed with you regularly.
Homewood Chiropractic is recognised by most major health insurance companies. | male) supported by a fully trained reception staff, all of whom work hard to make you feel comfortable and at ease as soon as you enter our clinic. Two experienced massage therapists provide valuable extra treatment to complement the Chiropractic care.
We pride ourselves on treating each patient as an individual and no two care programmes are exactly alike. We will do our utmost to respect your needs or requirements at all times.
We strive to meet strict quality standards devised from criteria patients cite as important.
We also regularly carry out in-house quality reviews and satisfaction surveys, gathering and acting upon feedback from our patients.
We offer a range of Chiropractic techniques in our treatments, manipulative and non-manipulative, selected dependant on your individual case. We use laser, dry needling (Western acupuncture), ultrasound, computerised prescription orthotics, massage, as well as personally tailored exercise programmes. All of this is offered in-house. We are also able to refer patients | 191 |
Kawatiri – Deep and Swift, the apt name given by Māori to the Buller River.
The Northern West Coast bounded on one side by the rugged Tasman Sea, and to the east the Paparoa's and beyond to the majestic Southern Alps. An area rich in history, with Māori heading south in their search for Pounamu, and later Europeans in pursuit of Gold. Each left their mark on this unique region, and the generations that followed. A place today juxtaposed between the extractive industries of the past and present, and the more recent pursuit of visitors seeking experiences. Both are reliant on, and indelibly forged into the rugged geography and history that is the West Coast. No other trail in New Zealand has the same mix of scenery, flora and fauna, geology and heritage, both Māori and European.
Māori history in the area dates back to the early 1300s, when in their search for Pounamu, they formed the ancient Māori Tai Poutini Pounamu Trail. The Kawatiri Coastal Trail will pass an important historic site for Māori, where archaeological investigations have shown occupation around AD 1350.
Pa near Westport 1870
Te Rūnanga o Ngāti Waewae and Ngāti Apa ki te Rā Tō realise the potential of the Kawatiri Coastal Trail, to share the history of Māori settlement and raise its profile in the District and Region. The Trust has worked with Iwi to determine how Māori history and current activity will be incorporated into the Trail. There is potential to develop a site of cultural significance housing Taonga in conjunction with CoalTown Museum, and to use interpretive panels along the Trail to tell the Māori story.
The Kawatiri Coastal Trail links Westport to the historic town of Charleston. At its peak in 1868 during the gold rush, Charleston and the surrounding goldfield had a population of between 8,000 and 12,000. Charleston boasted 80 hotels, three banks, a library, post office, hospital and a fire brigade. There were three schools and three churches alongside a full array of businesses including bakers, butchers, drapers, bootmakers, carpenters, booksellers, bakers, chemists, blacksmiths, jewellers, tent makers, restaurants, hardware, fruiterers, stables and brewers.
By 1878, with over one million ounces of gold having been extracted from the Charleston Goldfield, the population had dropped to just over 300. Today the sleepy village is rejuvenated with visitors keen to experience what life was like 150 years ago.
Westport, the West Coast's second biggest town, also went through the gold mining boom and bust experience. Developing around the same time a small trading settlement grew on the eastern side of the Buller River. At the height of the gold rushes,<|fim_middle|>,000. | the population grew to 1,500. The discovery and mining of high-quality coal led to the progressive development and expansion of the Port. Until the railway through the lower Buller Gorge was completed in 1944, all coal was exported by sea. Westport's population peaked at just over 5,500 in the 1950s. The population has gradually declined and now sits at around 4 | 91 |
"In the Parsonage Dining Room"
"Mrs Gaskell getting the goss..."
Capturing the Brontës was an imaginative, witty and informative exploration of the Brontës and the history of early photography, curated in partnership with the Mercer Art Gallery, Harrogate.
The exhibition took visitors on an alternative 'Visitorian' tour of the Brontë Parsonage Museum, to uncover some of the stranger facts and fictions surrounding the Brontë story. Charlotte Cory's photographic collages rework Victorian cartes-des-visite (<|fim_middle|>81. | a Victorian craze for photographic calling cards that were once produced in their millions). She combines these long forgotten Victorians with her own portraits of stuffed animals from museums and her own collection, recycling these dispossessed images and giving them a new lease of life. Charlotte Cory boldly created an alternative Brontë narrative for this exhibition, in which Branwell Brontë actually achieves his dream of studying at the Royal Academy, and the mother Maria Branwell's shipwrecked trunk is discovered, full of wonderful things that end up prized, accessioned and properly labelled in a 'museum within a museum'. The work is playful and affectionate and full of completely new and original research.
A fully illustrated exhibition catalogue 'Capturing the Brontës' is available from the Bronte Parsonage Museum.
A guided tour round Charlotte Cory's exhibition, part of the Contemporary Arts Programme funded by the Arts Council. A book of the show, CAPTURING THE BRONTES is available from the Bronte Parsonage shop, 01535 6401 | 219 |
CES 2019: The PC gear and smart home tech we can't wait to see
CES is so big it can provoke an existential crisis in even the nerdiest of nerds. So let's narrow the field and focus solely on computers, PC components, home entertainment and smart home gear.
By PCWorld Staff and TechHive Staff
somchaij/iStock
More than 4,400 exhibitors showed off their hardware at CES 2018. That's a lot of gadgets, and the show can become an unmanageable circus if you don't enter with a game plan—and that counts for people following the action at home, as well. To give you a little head start, here's our cheat sheet on what to look for at CES 2019<|fim_middle|> Ryzen 2, perhaps? Mix in some RGB lighting, multiple fans, and a four-figure price tag, and we're sold. We just can't help it.—Mark Hachman
Alexa and Google Assistant in everything
Millions of people purchased Amazon Echo and Google Home smart speakers and smart displays over the holidays. Instead of taking a leap of faith and betting on one platform or the other to dominate the smart home, savvy third-party manufacturers will adopt both. This means that at CES 2019, both Amazon Alexa and Google Assistant support will be celebrated side by side in a flurry of new smart home and home entertainment gadgets.
Rob Schultz/IDG
While it's harder to build smart speakers that support both platforms—just ask Sonos—you won't have to pick smart lighting, home appliances, security cameras, TVs, sensors, and dozens of other gadgets based on which digital assistant they work with. —Michael Brown
Brighter, smarter TVs, and LG's roll-up 8K TV
It's taken a year or three, but even budget-priced TVs are becoming bright enough to deliver good high dynamic range experiences. HDR has become a checkbox item for even the least-expensive models, and as a result we'll see all the flavors of HDR—Dolby Vision, HDR10, HDR10+, Technicolor, and HLG—battling it out for bragging rights.
The upshot is that any TV even worth covering at CES will support HDR, but the ones you'll want to buy will support multiple HDR formats. Just understand that formats that support scene-by-scene metadata, like Dolby Vision and HDR10+, are better than the earlier but more common formats that send all the metadata at once for an entire program.
And while there were a few 8K TVs sprinkled around the CES show floor last year, they're sure to proliferate this year, led by two 8K models from LG. Now, of course, Samsung already offers the 85-inch Q900 for sale—for the low, low price of $15,000. Nevermind that there's virtually no real-world content to take advantage of its 33-million-plus pixels. I'm also hoping to ogle LG's crazy 65-inch roll-up 8K TV, which is reportedly coming to market this year.—Michael Brown
Faster Wi-Fi routers: Gen 5 and Gen 6
The Wi-Fi Alliance recently adopted a new naming scheme for modern Wi-Fi specifications. No longer do you need to remember the alphabet soup of IEEE standards—802.11ac, 802.11ax, 802.11n—or which types of routers support networks operating on both the 2.4- and 5GHz frequency bands. Now you only need to remember that Wi-Fi 4 identifies equipment that supports the older 802.11n standard; Wi-Fi 5 is reserved for 802.11ac gear (the routers and adapters most consumers need); and Wi-Fi 6 designates the bleeding edge of home networks: 802.11ax.
More than a few 802.11ax routers have already reached the market, but they can't be sold as Gen 6 devices until the Wi-Fi Alliance initiates its interoperability testing and bestows that designation on them. In addition to looking for new and improved Gen 5 and Gen 6 routers, I'll be quizzing the Wi-Fi Alliance for details on just when that interoperability testing might get underway. —Michael Brown | . We're focusing solely on PC gear, home entertainment and smart home gadgets—because that's our bread and butter at PCWorld and TechHive.
AMD's 7nm CPUs, including Ryzen 2
It's pretty easy to predict what AMD will be revealing at CES—because the company has already told us. AMD chief executive Lisa Su will host a keynote address on Wednesday, Jan. 9 where she'll talk up the company's 2019 plans to "catapult computing, gaming, and visualization technologies forward with the world's first 7nm high-performance CPUs and GPUs." You can expect demos covering the future of gaming, entertainment and virtual reality.
Gordon Mah Ung
AMD CEO Lisa Su holds the company's new 7nm-based, 64-core CPU codenamed Rome. Will AMD's Zen 2-based consumer chips look similar?
Using what AMD told us at Computex and more recent discussions as a guide, we also expect more details (if not a formal launch) of Ryzen 2, most likely based on the 7nm "chiplet" approach used in the AMD Rome CPU. And we're already seeing some very interesting speculation of a 16-core/32-thread Ryzen 9 (yes, 9!) 3800X chip based on the Zen 2 architecture.
While we don't expect any news regarding Threadripper 3, it's very possible we'll hear some updates on Threadripper 2, including some new system win announcements. We're also expecting AMD to launch new mobile processors, integrating a CPU with Radeon graphics. All in all, we expect Su's keynote to be a busy one—and that's before you factor in possible graphics news into the company's CES agenda. —Mark Hachman
Intel's new CPU (no, really, like a new CPU)
If we don't see public demos of Intel's biggest CPU launch in years, we'll eat our 1935 press federoas. And it's not like we're Nerdstramus or anything—the company already showed off parts of Sunny Cove in December. While you might yawn at yet another CPU generation from Intel (what is it, the 10th maybe?), you shouldn't. As Fred Sanford would say: "This is the big one, Elizabeth."
The upcoming Sunny Cove cores are "wider, deeper, and faster."
Sunny Cove cores basically pack in a new front end, new algorithms, and new instruction sets. Intel says they're "deeper, wider, and faster" than cores used in the 6th gen, 7th gen, 8th gen and 9th gen CPUs.
Intel hasn't formally announced what Sunny Cove will be called in its laptop trim, but engineering sample coolers labeled "ICL-U" reasonably lead us to believe the part will be the anticipated Ice Lake U chip. One thing we don't expect is a hard timeline on when Ice Lake U laptops will appear because they're based on Intel's 10nm process, which has been missing in action. On the plus side, CES announcements will hopefully tell us core and thread counts, and what kind of performance improvements we can expect.
[ Further reading: The best DVRs for cord cutters ]
There's also a very outside chance we'll see Intel fire off a 10-core desktop CPU based on the existing Coffee Lake chips, but we're not holding our breath on that one. Still, with Intel looking to push a resurgent AMD back on its heels, we feel almost anything could happen at CES. Stay tuned. —Gordon Mah Ung
Graphics and gaming goodies galore
Expect to see plenty of fresh gear from PC gaming giants at CES 2019—particularly Nvidia. There's been an awful lot of smoke blowing around the Internet about a potential GeForce RTX 2060 launch. Yes, RTX—not GTX. If true, that implies Nvidia's cutting-edge RT and tensor core hardware will finally make its first mainstream appearance after debuting in graphics cards that cost north of (usually well north of) $500. Bringing ray tracing and machine learning to the masses could very well increase the traditional sticker price of Nvidia's xx60 line, though, as the other GeForce RTX GPUs released thus far cost much, much more than their predecessors.
Brad Chacos/IDG
Desktop graphics cards are just the tip of the iceberg, though. Swirling rumors suggest that Nvidia could introduce mobile GeForce RTX chips for laptops at CES, and I'd expect to see some sort update about G-Sync HDR monitors, be it for ultra-bright ultrawides, massive 60-inch Big Format Gaming Displays (BFGDs), or both. You should also keep an eye out for new GeForce Now details. Nvidia's gaming-from-the-cloud service has been stuck in beta for over a year now, and sooner or later it should ditch its freebie status and launch in full. We could get a release window at CES.
AMD's 7nm Navi GPUs are scheduled to launch in 2019.
Team Green probably won't be the only one with news. AMD CEO Lisa Su is heading up her own CES keynote, as my colleague Mark mentions above, and while next-gen Ryzen CPUs will likely be the star, I expect Radeon graphics cards to earn some space in the spotlight too.
AMD's next-generation 7nm "Navi" GPU architecture has been nothing but a name on the company's roadmap since last CES and the company's high-end Vega graphics cards launched all the way back in 2017. With Nvidia's RTX graphics cards recently launching on the 12nm manufacturing process, don't be surprised if Su reveals more concrete details to beat Nvidia to the next process node, much like how the company is leapfrogging past 14nm Intel CPUs with its new 7nm Ryzen chips.
We know one other thing about Navi thus far: It won't copy Ryzen Threadripper's innovative approach to stuffing multiple chips onto a chip, because doing so effectively mimics CrossFire, and multi-GPU support from developers is moribund these days.
The dark horse in the graphics race? It's Intel. Chipzilla's announced plans to dive into the discrete GPU market in 2020, hiring chip gurus like Raja Koduri and Jim Keller to assist in the effort. CES 2019 is way too early for concrete product details, but we could start to hear more big-picture information about what we'll see when Intel's discrete "Xe" graphics cards eventually start shipping. Fingers crossed. —Brad Chacos
The height of PC decadence
Every year, PC makers bring their biggest, baddest, most powerful hardware to CES to establish bragging rights. At CES 2018, one of our favorites was the Acer Predator Orion 9000. Acer showed the 9000 with a pair of Nvidia GeForce GTX 1080Tis, but said it would also offer the rig with four Radeon Vega cards. Acer even integrated a pair of wheels into the case for toting around the machine from LAN party to LAN party. The quad-Vega option never came to pass, but you can still buy the Predator Orion 9000Remove non-product link for a cool $8,799.
The Acer Predator Orion 9000 was one of CES 2018's killer PCs.
We don't know who will manufacture this year's most over-the-top PC, but it's an easy bet that it will include Nvidia's ray-tracing RTX technology, as well as the latest Core i9 chip from Intel... or maybe an AMD | 1,592 |
More than three years<|fim_middle|> the problems I believe are inherent in the healthcare system.
© 2019 Cricket Health. All Rights Reserved. | ago, I met Arvind Rajan and Vince Kim as they were beginning their journey to change healthcare for individuals suffering from chronic kidney disease (CKD) with a new venture called Cricket Health. I remember ending that meeting with butterflies in my stomach thinking how exciting that some of the most successful entrepreneurs wanted to focus their energy on improving kidney care, particularly given the stagnation of innovation in nephrology.
Since then, I've had the honor to serve on Cricket Health's medical advisory board, helping guide the company as it established itself as a specialty care provider for those with CKD and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). As Cricket grew and progressed, I wanted to do more to expand this model of care and make a big impact on behalf of kidney disease patients. That's why I'm proud to announce that I've now joined the company as its chief medical officer. As a teacher, clinician and researcher, I hope to put my skills and passion behind making our shared vision of improved lives for persons with CKD a reality.
Their vision of putting patients first and providing them with a multidisciplinary care team aligned with how I operated my practice, what I taught my students at University of California, San Francisco, and addressed many of | 251 |
Home Columns Vitamin Connection AHCC: The Breakthrough in Natural Immunotherapy
AHCC: The Breakthrough in Natural Immunotherapy
Richard A. Passwater, Ph.D.
An Interview with Professor Fred Pescatore, M.D., M.P.H.
When Ken Babal and I discussed the health benefits of mushrooms and mushroom extracts in February, we mentioned active hexose correlated compound (AHCC). I was surprised to learn that not many people knew of AHCC's well-researched health benefits so widely used in Japan. AHCC supports immune system health to protect against and overcome "germs" and tumors. So now, I have called upon AHCC expert and internationally recognized expert on integrative medicine, Fred Pescatore, M.D., M.P.H., to discuss AHCC in more detail.
Dr. Pescatore received his master's degree in public health from Columbia University's School of Public Health and his medical degree from American University of the Caribbean School of Medicine. He has trained at St. Vincent's Hospital, Mt. Sinai Medical Center, and St. Luke's/Roosevelt Hospital Center, all in New York City. He was also the associate medical director at the Atkins Center, a preeminent institution for complementary medicine. Dr. Pescatore is in private practice at Medicine 369 in New York City.
Fred Pescatore, M.D., M.P.H.
Dr. Pescatore is a key spokesperson for healthy living. He is the author of The New York Times best-selling book, The Hamptons Diet and the number one best-selling children's health book, Feed Your Kids Well. His books emphasize a whole foods approach to health and weight management. He lectures around the world and has been seen on such television shows as Today, The View, AM Canada, The Rachel Ray Show and many others. He is a correspondent for In Touch, US Weekly and Life & Style magazines. He is the president of the International and American Association of Clinical Nutritionists and the National Association of Medical Broadcasters. Dr. Pescatore has also authored Thin for Good and The Allergy and Asthma Cure.
Passwater: Dr. Pescatore, what led you to integrative medicine?
Pescatore: After residency training, I was dissatisfied with the practice of medicine and actually wanted to leave medicine and pursue a different career. While seeing what else was available to me, I stumbled upon the offices of Dr. Robert Atkins, with whom I was unfamiliar. He asked me to work in his office for a few months, as I told him I was preparing to move to California where, if I had to practice medicine, at least the weather would be more to my liking.
After being there for a few months, the entire way I felt about medicine changed. Instead of people dying, instead of people taking medicine upon medicine and still not feeling better, instead of just doing useless tests and biding by the medical establishment, for the first time, I was treating patients who wanted to take charge of their health, doing something proactive about living a long, healthy life without pharmaceutical medication. I was learning that nutrition—something my grandmother taught me and something that was drummed out of my head in medical school—did indeed play a role in health, how we feel and, especially, in the all important blood chemistry numbers that modern medicine relies on. In other words, it was as if a great big light bulb went off in my head and I knew I could stay and practice medicine—but on my terms.
Passwater: How did your medical practice lead you to AHCC?
Pescatore: I was always looking for something to help my patients. At our practice, it seemed we would either get the healthiest patients or the ones that had been to every other doctor on the block with their problems and got nowhere. So, when I came across AHCC, I did a small trial to see if it would help the one group of patients that at the time truly had no decent conventional medical treatment options: hepatitis C. I was not convinced AHCC would do anything, but much to my surprise, it improved liver function amongst other things in these patients. In fact, in the first hepatitis C case in which I used AHCC (one gram three times a day) about 15 years ago, the viral load dropped 85%. This was a surprising result.
There is a high incidence of hepatitis C in the United States; it is almost an epidemic. It is a potentially fatal disease that has a silent progression. These days, almost all of my patients use AHCC. It has been proven that AHCC is also very effective for colds and influenza. Essentially, patients taking one gram of AHCC are not affected by the common cold or influenza, even in the season when they are widespread.
Passwater: What is AHCC?
Pescatore: It is a nutritional product that is a proprietary blend of several different types of mushrooms including shiitake. These mushrooms have been known for centuries for their healing properties in Asian medicine. An extract of the healing mushrooms' mycelia is fermented in rice bran. AHCC's active ingredients are mostly polysaccharides that include b–glucan and acetylated a-glucan. The main active compound is an oligosaccharide, with a molecular weight of 5,000 daltons—a relatively small molecule, easily absorbed in the gut with an alpha, 1- 4 glucan structure. The mycelia portion of the mushrooms is rich in a–glucans and the long culturing process results in acetylation of the a-glucans.
Passwater: Briefly, what does AHCC do?
Pescatore: AHCC helps the immune system's ability to recognize tumors and viruses; it helps strengthen the effects of chemotherapy, it helps protect the immune system from chemotherapy's side effects, and prevents metastasis; it protects the liver; and it guards against viral infections. AHCC supports immune health by increasing natural killer (NK) cell activity and enhancing the effects of killer T-cells and cytokines (interferon, IL-12, TNF-a).
AHCC is anti-inflammatory and helps reduce C-reactive protein (CRP) and reduce the health risks of unresolved inflammatory processes.
Passwater: Germs normally can't harm the body if the immune system is working optimally. We are all exposed to trillions of germs every day, but they will cause illness only when someone has an impaired immune system and/or if the germ exposure is just tremendously overwhelming.
Is there substantial research behind AHCC or is it mostly anecdotal reports?
Pescatore: AHCC is as well researched as any conventional prescription drug, but it is actually a food. AHCC is a registered trademark of Amino Up Chemical Co. Ltd. This functional food was developed through joint research by Professor Toshihiko Okamoto of Tokyo University and the Amino Up Chemical Co. Substantial clinical research supports the health benefits of AHCC—both in animal and human trials. These trials have been going on for about 20 years and, in fact, there is a worldwide symposium that takes place in Japan each year where scientists gather to discuss their latest findings and to see where else the research may lead. AHCC is used in over 700 clinics and hospitals in Japan, mainly in cancer treatment.
Passwater: Why is it so<|fim_middle|> protects the thymus gland (4), improves the immune system's ability to recognize tumors (5) and strengthens cellular immunity in healthy human volunteers (6).
Passwater: Some people associate mushrooms with possibly being poisonous. Is AHCC safe as well as effective?
Pescatore: AHCC uses safe and edible mushroom varieties and no magic mushrooms. The safety of AHCC has been well established, both by itself and in combination with other therapies. There was a safety study done, of which I was a part, through Harvard University that proved this. A study is published in the Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (7). Patients have been followed for up to eight years, and after discontinuing use, the immune system doesn't "crash" from exhaustion or hyperstimulation.
Passwater: Where can our readers get your book, AHCC: The Medical Breakthrough in Natural Immunotherapy (Basic Health Publications, Laguna Beach, CA 2010) and find more information on AHCC?
Pescatore: They can visit my Web site at www.drpescatore.com and follow me on Twitter @drfredpescatore and Facebook for more information.
Passwater: What other books have you written that may be of interest to our readers?
Pescatore: Feed Your Kids Well; Thin For Good; The Hamptons Diet; The Hamptons Diet Cookbook; The Allergy and Asthma Cure; Boost Your Health with Bacteria.
Passwater: Thank you, Dr. Pescatore! WF
Dr. Richard Passwater is the author of more than 45 books and 500 articles on nutrition. Dr. Passwater has been WholeFoods Magazine's science editor and author of this column since 1984. More information is available on his Web site, www.drpasswater.com.
Previous Vitamin Connections are available at www.wholefoodsmagazine.com/columns/vitamin-connection.
1. K. Matsushita et al., "Combination Therapy of Active Hexose Correlated Compound plus UFT Significantly Reduces the Metastasis of Rat Mammary Adenocarcinoma," Anti- Cancer Drugs 9 (4), 343–350 (1998).
2. M. Ghoneum, et al., "Enhancement of NK cell activity in cancer patients by Active Hemicellulose Compound (AHCC)," Adjuvant Nutrition in Cancer Treatment Symposium, Tulsa, Oklahoma Nov. 6–7, 1992.
3. N. Terakawa, et al.,"Immunological Effect of Active Hexose Correlated Compound (AHCC) in Healthy Volunteers: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study," Nutr. Cancer 60 (5), 643–651 (2008).
4. R. Burikhanov, et al.,"Suppressive Effect of Active Hexose Correlated Compound on Thymic Apoptosis Induced by Dexamethasone in the Rat," Endocrine Res. 34 (4): 181–188 (2000).
5. Y. Gao, et al., "Active Hexose Correlated Compound Enhances Tumor Surveillance through Regulating both Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses," Cancer Immunol. Immunother. 55 (10), 1258–1266 (2006).
6. Z. Yin, H. Fujii and T. Walshe, "Determining the Frequency of CD4+ and CD8+ T Cells Producing IFN-b and TNF-a in Healthy Elderly People Using Flow Cytometry Before And After Active Hexose Correlated Compound Intake," Hum. Immunol. 71 (12), 1187–1190 (2010).
7. E.L. Spierings, et al., "A Phase I Study of the Safety of the Nutritional Supplement, Active Hexose Correlated Compound, AHCC, in Healthy Volunteers," J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol. (Tokyo) 53 (6), 536–539 (2007).
Published in WholeFoods Magazine, December 2014
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widely known by U.S. physicians?
Pescatore: As AHCC is from Japan, and because Japan is a much more homogenous society, it is easier to get information widely disseminated. America is also much more guarded when it comes to what can and cannot be used in treating patients. American physicians are skeptical when it comes to nutritional supplements and the big pharmaceutical agencies and medical powers that be all despise complementary modalities, lest they take away from the use of more expensive and potentially more dangerous forms of therapy.
Passwater: What kinds of cancer is AHCC being used as a nutritional aid for in Japan?
Pescatore: It is used against most tumors, but much of the original research was done in liver cancer, which is why I originally did my first trial with AHCC and hepatitis C. AHCC can support patients in many ways: it can increase the number of white blood cells, prevent or decrease hair loss, and improve overall mood, which is very important during the course of cancer treatment.
Passwater: Since some chemotherapy drugs also weaken the immune system, it appears that AHCC would especially be important during chemotherapy.
Pescatore: A study published in 1998 in the journal Anti-Cancer Drugs showing how AHCC worked in combination with a widely used form of oral chemotherapy is a good example. This small-animal study demonstrated that AHCC enhanced the beneficial effects of the chemotherapy, while reducing detrimental side effects. This study's findings showed that AHCC combined with UFT (an oral form of 5-Fluorourical):
• Restored natural killer (NK) cell activity inhibited by chemotherapy. (Chemotherapy inhibited NK cell activity by nearly 75% when used alone).
• Decreased primary tumors 20% more than chemotherapy alone.
• Inhibited the spread of cancer metastasis to other parts of the body by nearly 30% as compared to chemotherapy alone.
• Increased macrophage activity as compared to chemotherapy alone, sometimes by as much as 96%.
The Anti-Cancer Drugs study concluded, "Taken together, the combination of Active Hexose Correlated Compound, plus chemotherapy, brought about good therapeutic effects, not only on primary tumor growth, but also on reducing metastasis and these effects were mediated by host immunity which was restored or activated by AHCC" (1).
Passwater: You, as a physician, and I, as a research biochemist, can freely discuss the science of this nutritional product, but we should remind our readers that it is against U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations for anyone in commerce to imply that a commercial dietary supplement has medicinal actions. Once someone in the commerce of that product claims or implies that a dietary supplement can diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease or medical condition, then by U.S. FDA definition, the agency rules that that substance becomes an unapproved drug and there are severe legal penalties involved. Dietary supplements, however, can help maintain normal parameters and can help improve these parameters within the normal range and thus can strengthen the body so that it can repair and help heal itself.
Since neither of us are involved in sales of a product, thanks to the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, we have the right to discuss the science and WholeFoods Magazine can freely publish the research to inform everyone.
Now getting back to the research, are American universities using AHCC in treatments or research?
Pescatore: Yes. The ones that come to mind as we speak are UC- Davis, Columbia University Medical Center, Drexel University, the University of Texas Medical School at Houston and The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center. There are many others as well and this information can be found in the research articles at http://www.aminoup.co.jp/e/products/AHCC/list.php.
Passwater: How does AHCC improve immune system health against viruses and tumors?
Pescatore: One mechanism by which AHCC supports immune health is by activating white blood cells, particularly NK cells and macrophages, which directly attack abnormal cells, virus-infected cells or external viral and bacterial pathogens that enter the body (2).
Another mechanism is by stimulating the
number of dendritic cells. Dendritic cells capture and process antigens (i.e., disease-causing proteins) and carry them to the lymphoid organs, such as the spleen and lymph nodes, and secrete cytokines to induce an immune response. B cells and T cells (B and T lymphocytes) are the mediators of immunity, but their function is under the control of dendritic cells (3).
AHCC also | 953 |
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Beyond remarkable
The pairing of Swan and Juan K was already more than successful with the innovative, elegant ClubSwan 50 attracting a new generation of owners. But the same combination's new ClubSwan 36... this is something else
The Monaco Swan One Design in early April gently lifted the curtain on Nautor Swan's 2019 Nations Trophy Mediterranean League. Launched last year, the four-event circuit offers individual and national team prizes and, again, peaks with October's The Nations Trophy in Palma.
Right now the nascent circuit plays to its strengths, offering tight, evenly matched, owner-driven one-design racing at popular venues. It is steadily building momentum, delivering regular racing for the active, passionate ClubSwan 50 owners and their crews, and also providing very attractive class racing for the Swan 45 and Club Swan 42s. In due course, it should provide a focal point for renewed interest in these older one-designs.
The arrival this season of the new Juan Kouyoumdjian-designed ClubSwan 36 rocket ship, launched at the second league event in Scarlino in early May should see the circuit grow exponentially from next year onwards. Before the prototype ClubSwan 36 was launched, six boats were already sold and should make their debut at The Nations Trophy in October. Vice president of Nautor Swan Enrico Chieffi explains,<|fim_middle|> balance between competition on the racecourse and the social scene ashore.
Although only three races could be sailed due to the very light winds, each was won by a different boat. North Sails' Ken Read called tactics for Leonardo Ferragamo's winning Cuordileone and contends that this is the best one-design fleet racing available. Consistently true to the ethos of one-design, it is the small details, smooth manouevres, adept gear changing in breeze transitions, good crew communication and astute tactics that win races and regattas. The level, he says, is '1,000 per cent higher' than it was two years ago but because of the influence of the top pros in the class, the updated tuning guides and the general cross-fertilisation of ideas, it is relatively straightforward for new owners and their established, experienced crews to achieve fleet speed and to become competitive.
In Monaco, Read remarked: 'The basic premise of the tuning guide is still really solid. Everybody has their own iterations I'm sure, like in any one-design class, but the basic principle of the tuning guide remains. The sail shapes, as in all classes, have been refined slowly but surely. But in fact it's harder to refine sail shapes in a strict onedesign class like this where there's such a restriction on (sail) buttons.
'The sheer number of sails aren't out there in the class to try different shapes and sizes. So it's fun to see the new teams come into the class and be competitive right away.
'Maybe the results don't show it immediately but certainly the speed on the racecourse is really competitive. I think as an industry we are doing a pretty good job of helping to get the new folks up to speed, which is critical.'
For sure the ClubSwan 50 has found its marks delivering competitive, evenly matched grand prix racing to experienced ownerdrivers and their crews. It is not TP52 racing. Budgets are generally well contained but the return on investment, the "bang for your buck" is attractive, as Read observes: 'You don't get into the ClubSwan 50 class with a faint of heart, not being able to spend a little bit of money. It's a very competitive one-design class and that inherently means your gear and your team have to be up to it. That's the nature of the beast. But they have done a great job of capping the overall costs with restrictions to class rules, sail restrictions and crew restrictions. How much further you want to go is up to the individual owners at this stage.'
The class is attracting top tier pro tacticians. Up against Read in Monaco were multiple Olympic medallist Jochen Schümann, now on OneGroup and Spanish Volvo skipper and double 49er Olympic medallist Iker Martinez on Mathilde. Bouwe Bekking returns to the circuit imminently with Niramo as well as Fernando Echávarri on Skorpios.
Ken Read adds: 'I think the owners are not just happy, but are having a blast. I was talking to Fernando Echávarri the other night and it's great to see when people realise we are not in the sailing business, we are in the entertainment business. We are here to make sure these guys and girls have fun. So it's a challenge for all of us, as the sailors, to try to realise what the goal is of each. Some might storm off the boat if they haven't won by 30 points, others might hug everybody, come in last because they just had a beautiful day on the water and then there's everything in between.'
Above: the ClubSwan 50 class has grown rapidly in the several years since its launch and its regattas consistently attract some of the finest professional sailors in the world. North Sails boss Ken Read, who races as tactician on Cuordileone, says the level of competition in the class is now 1,000 per cent higher than it was two years ago.
Below: the exciting new ClubSwan 36 is a radical C-foiling skimmer that promises to take ClubSwan one-design racing to a new level.
Without doubt owners on ClubSwan circuit, The Nations Trophy Med League are having fun and although it is early days – this is just year two of the circuit – these monthly contests from April to August are adding value and requiring owners and crews to improve. 'Overall it is a very successful operation,' says Enrico Chieffi. 'One year ago, I would not have dreamed we would be having more than 40 boats at the Copa del Rey and 45 at the Nations Trophy, growing so quickly. And this is very much just the start. We are looking to great numbers in the future and we are determined that the older members of the family are not left behind and will be part of the success story.' The Swan 45 has passed through, on average, four generations of owners now.
Chieffi explains: 'The perfect combination of owner-driver, amateur sailors and professionals make the proposition and the fun unbeatable. At Swan we are not the America's Cup or the Olympics, so we are not talking about hard competitiveness, but still we are competitive at sea and friends ashore, living the full experience of ClubSwan.'
Three wins in the ClubSwan 42 gave owner Lorenzo Mondo of Far Star the perfect start to his season. 'The 42-footer for me is really an allrounder because it's very good in one-design class racing, but is also good in other kinds of situations and opportunities, so we can do our winter season, the class season, the Mediterranean league,' he says.
'This is a boat you can enjoy all year. We are going to go to the 36-footer now as it's more our size. Our crew is a group of friends. Our objectives are learn, win and then some fun. That's our three pillars. Each year I have just four weeks to dedicate to my sailing.'
The circuit moved to Scarlino in late April before heading to the Rolex Giraglia, inshore races in St Tropez and will climax at the final biennial event, The Nations Trophy, in Palma from October 8 with more than 40 boats and over 15 nations.
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© 2020 Fairmead Communications Ltd. All rights reserved. | 'They are pure racers. It is the modern evolution of many racing classes. The ClubSwan 50 is a proper yacht. The ClubSwan 36 has no compromises. One-design sailors coming from dinghies or high-performance keelboat classes will find a great option in the 36.' Chieffi continues: 'With the 36 we should create very big numbers quite quickly and the ClubSwan family as a whole will be complete. We see gaps in many aspects of sailing and the Farr 40 is a very good example. We could see the need for a professionally managed circuit of events on an international level and this ClubSwan division, on a strategic level, is a little bit what the M series is for BMW.'
Main picture: the ClubSwan 50 Cuordileone, owned by Nautor's Swan chief executive Leonardo Ferragamo, won its class despite being up against very stiff competition at the Monaco Swan One Design regatta in early April. The event kicked off this year's Nations Trophy Med League circuit in fine style. The ClubSwan 50 class should have 17 boats racing by the end of the season
Meantime, the Monaco league regatta represented not only the first opportunity to put points on the board towards the season-long championship, but the best early season chance to compete in a full race environment. For those looking to peak in the big fleets on the Bay of Palma at Copa del Rey in late July and the Nations Trophy in October it was an essential starting point for the 2019 season.
The ClubSwan 50 fleet continues to grow apace. At the Copa del Rey at the height of the Med summer in 2017, there were six pioneers racing and Hendrik Brandis' appropriately named EarlyBird won. Last year the fleet had doubled to 10 boats and Germany's multiple Swan 45 title holder Brandis retained the Copa del Rey on the strength of a 2,1,1 finish. That remarkable growth rate, unprecedented in any other comparative division in Europe, will be all but intact when 17 ClubSwan 50s muster on the Palma start lines.
Newcomers to the class who took advantage of the low-stress Monaco event to put some proper racing miles under their keels included Britain's Ross Warburton, who is looking for a new challenge and brings his established core crew into the red hot ClubSwan 50 class after a few seasons of superyacht racing. Warburton and his team, with tactician Ian Budgen and renowned Spanish navigator Nacho Postigo, stuck a toe in the water with a charter at 2018's Copa del Rey prior to taking the plunge from this season on. They sailed Cuordileone a couple of times as a crew in nonrace mode as they waited for their new boat to be ready. 'The circuit gives us all a focus to work towards, a pathway,' Budgen says. 'We are realistic, we know we can't expect to be up at the front of the fleet early on but for us this is a long term project. And you know exactly what you are getting into. Swan owners know what they want, where they want to go and Swan delivers a great product, there is always a good | 691 |
Every two years we (the National Sports Forum) conduct and present one of the most extensive surveys within the sponsorship industry -- The NSF Corporate & Industry Survey in conjunction with the Sports Business school at Ohio University. Under the direction of OU's Sports Management program's Executive Director, Jim Kahler – we interview fifty (50) of the industry's biggest sports sponsors and advertisers seeking their insights, advice and opinions.
As you might imagine, we get all kinds of input from our "Nifty 50" – some of it pretty involved, but most of it pretty basic.
Right now Jim 'n company are in the process of conducting our Nifty 50 interviews for the 2010 NSF Corporate & Industry Survey – which will be presented at the 201<|fim_middle|>'t do that. After all -- it takes so little. Carve five minutes out of your day today, pick up the phone and give one of your sponsors a ring. Talk about their new ad campaign that you saw on TV, or the new product launch they're undertaking … or this weekend's big football game … or their kids entering Elementary School … just connect.
Call when you don't need anything – and then … when you do, you'll probably see a big difference in your relationship. Friends like doing business with friends. So be a friend! | 0 National Sports Forum coming up in Baltimore next February.
And as I think of the great input Jim's going to be getting in the months to come, I can't help but recall one of the best pieces of advice we received in putting together the last Corporate & Industry Survey. One of our "interview-ees" – a gentleman who works for one of the largest sports sponsors worldwide, said this: "You know what I wish sponsorship sales people would do? I wish, every now and then, they'd pick up the phone and call me! Not when they wanted something … not when they were trying to sell me something … but every now and then when they had no other agenda other than to say "hello".
Wow. That's pretty telling, don't you think? And you know what…? I'm guilty of that. I'm guilty of being caught up in my own little world and only reaching out to my sponsors when I wanted something.
One of the things that makes sponsorship so unique is that it's a "relationship" business. It's about connecting the dots -- connecting companies with your clients. But here we all-too-often get so busy that we forget to connect up with our sponsors themselves! So take a lesson from one of our "Nifty 50" … don | 264 |
Impark Answers Need for Christmas Relief with 'Toys for Tickets' Drive in Kamloops, Kelowna & Prince George<|fim_middle|>ark
For further information: Julian Jones, SVP, Corporate Development, (415) 312 5020, [email protected], www.impark.com; Corey Medgyesi, Vice President, Shared Services, (604) 909 5957, [email protected] | , BC
Impark
VANCOUVER, Dec. 4, 2015 /CNW/ - Imperial Parking Canada Corporation ("Impark") announced today it is offering a one-day, 4 hour event during which anyone in Kamloops, Kelowna or Prince George who has an unpaid Impark parking violation notice can have it waived by making a toy donation to The Salvation Army.
On Thursday, December 10th, Impark will be accepting new, unused and unwrapped toys, and in exchange, the donor's unpaid parking violation notice will be waived. A single toy donated will waive a single unpaid violation notice. Those with multiple unpaid violations will need to bring an equal number of toys to match the number of Impark parking violation notices they would like waived.
Donors must bring a copy of their violation notice(s), statement(s) or their license plate number in order to ensure proper credit of their account.
Impark will be accepting toy donations between 7am and 11am at following locations in B.C.:
The Salvation Army Kamloops Community Church
344 Poplar Street, Kamloops, B.C.
Kelowna:
The Salvation Army Kelowna Community Church
1480 Sutherland Avenue, Kelowna, B.C.
Prince George:
Christmas Wish Centre
2221 Quinn St S.
All toys and gifts donated will be used in The Salvation Army's Christmas Relief Efforts. In addition to typical toys, the Salvation Army has identified a particular need for gift cards (movies, make-up, music, etc.), puzzles, books, and DVD's.
About Impark:
Impark is one of the largest parking management companies in North America, operating over 2,600 parking facilities with 550,000 parking spaces in 34 cities in Canada and the United States.
Impark's headquarters are in Vancouver, BC, and the Province is home to almost 700 employees. Impark operates approximately 550 parking facilities throughout British Columbia.
www.impark.com
About The Salvation Army:
The Salvation Army is an international Christian organization that began its work in Canada in 1882 and has grown to become the largest nongovernmental direct provider of social services in the country. The Salvation Army gives hope and support to vulnerable people today and everyday in 400 communities across Canada and more than 120 countries around the world. The Salvation Army offers practical assistance for children and families, often tending to the basic necessities of life, providing shelter for homeless people and rehabilitation for people who have lost control of their lives to an addiction. When you give to The Salvation Army, you are investing in the future of marginalized and overlooked people in your community.
www.salvationarmy.ca
www.FilltheKettle.com
SOURCE Imp | 584 |
When it comes to GovTech and CivTech innovations, a great deal can be learnt from US examples. Recently the state of Louisiana enlisted the machine learning and data processing services of Splunk Enterprise to consolidate IT departments across 20 executive branches. The move saved the government $70 million as well as improving efficiencies and citizen experiences.
So is this replicable in the UK?
Well CivTech company Novoville have signed up 40 councils to save costs and improve citizen engagement through the use of their free mobile app for citizens and live dashboard for local councils. Similarly Babylon are bringing HealthTech to the NHS and improving access to GPs through a mobile service and MegaNexus work to improve data services across the justice, healthcare and employability sectors.
The move towards GovTech and CivTech is a welcome change at the precise moment it's needed: Government spending is high whilst citizen satisfaction is low. To improve<|fim_middle|> of government departments through strategic private partnerships. | the situation at a time when schools, the NHS and the prison sector are under considerable budgetary constraints is precisely what governments want, and new CivTech companies are in the position to innovate and deliver disruption to the government in the best possible way. US examples of such as Louisiana's roll out of Splunk serve as a positive sign for the future efficiencies and cost savings | 73 |
By Jim Garamone
Marine Corps Gen. Joe Dunford
Dunford, USO Troupe Arrive in Baghdad for Holiday with Troops
BAGHDAD --
Marine Corps Gen. Joe Dunford, the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, arrived here today and brought a USO troupe to provide a taste of home during the holidays to deployed U.S. service members.
Country singer Kellie Pickler moves out after arriving in Baghdad to begin her 11th USO tour to entertain deployed U.S. service members, Dec. 24, 2016. Led by Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Marine Corps Gen. Joe Dunford and his senior enlisted advisor, Army Command Sgt. Maj. John Troxell, the troupe also includes Pickler's husband, country music songwriter Kyle Jacobs -- also making his 11th USO trip – as well as chef Robert Irvine and comedian Jeff Ross. DoD photo by Jim Garamone
Moves Out
Photo By: Sgt. James K. McCann
VIRIN: 161224-D-SW162-1224
The troupe includes country music stars Kellie Pickler and her husband, Kyle Jacobs; chef Robert Irvine and his wife, wrestling superstar Gail Kim<|fim_middle|>, missing numerous Christmases with their families doing the nation's business. Dunford said he has missed four or five Christmases at home just since 2001.
Troxell recalled the first Christmas he missed when he was assigned to the 82nd Airborne Division at Fort Bragg, North Carolina. "I left the house on the morning of 19 December 1989 and told my wife I would see her at noon to take her shopping," he said. "I didn't show back up until Jan. 11. I got alerted, marshaled, deployed, and parachuted into Panama City. That was the first one of many Christmases missed."
chairman dunford iraq Senior Enlisted Advisor Troxell
Chairman's Flickr Site
Special Report: Operation Inherent Resolve | ; and the Roastmaster General, comedian Jeff Ross.
For Pickler and Jacobs, this is their 11th USO trip, and the other members also are USO veterans.
Second USO Trip This Month
This is the second USO trip Dunford and his senior enlisted advisor, Army Command Sgt. Maj. John Troxell, have led this month, and it is the first chairman's USO trip that arrives for the holidays.
"I thought it was important to be out there on the holiday itself," the general said in a short interview prior to arriving. "All of the USO shows have great people, and we appreciate them going out, but for the folks that came out this time, they gave up their family time over the holidays. For them to do this is really special."
Roughly 4,800 U.S. troops are in Iraq supporting Iraqi security forces as they take on the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant. Over the past year, Iraqi forces – which include Kurdish peshmerga – have had notable successes, including the liberation of Beiji, Fallujah and Ramadi. In Syria, indigenous forces are driving on ISIL's so-called capital of Raqqa.
And now the battle is on in Mosul, Iraq's second-largest city. U.S. forces, working with coalition allies, provide support, air power and advice to Iraqi formations, and the effort is succeeding, Dunford said.
Marine Corps Gen. Joe Dunford, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, country music artist Kellie Pickler, and Pickler's husband, country music songwriter Kyle Jacobs, speak between television and radio interviews at the National Press Club in Washington about their USO Tour to the Middle East to visit troops for the holidays, Dec. 23, 2016. DoD photo by Army Sgt. James K. McCann
USO Interviews
Saying Thanks
The USO troupe is a way to say thanks to the service members and show them Americans remember and appreciate their sacrifices, the chairman said.
"During the holidays, everyone wants to be with their families," Dunford said. "But there are families of blood – moms, dads, wives, husbands, kids – and there is the family that grows in units.
"If you are in a unit, that's your family, too," he continued. "If you can't be with your blood family, the next best group of people to be with is your unit. It's your family away from home."
USO CEO and President J.D. Crouch II also is accompanying the troupe. He said he had no trouble getting performers for the holiday tour. "Kellie and Kyle immediately said yes," he said. "They were on board from the start. Jeff, Robert and Gail also cleared their schedules in record time to be a part of this."
Important Trip
Troxell said the troupe coming during the holidays is incredibly important, because service members are in tough places, superbly doing what needs to be done to further the campaign plan against ISIL.
A 1st Infantry Division soldier sings "Tough" with Kellie Pickler during a Dec. 24, 2016, Christmas Eve USO show at Union 3 in Baghdad, Iraq. Marine Corps Gen. Joe Dunford, the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, brought the show to Iraq to thank service members for their efforts and sacrifices during the holidays. DoD photo by Jim Garamone
"Tough" Pickler
Photo By: Jim Garamone
VIRIN: 161224-D-ZZ999-0001
"They are keeping America safe," he added. "It's a way to tell them that their service is appreciated. The chairman and I really wanted to come spend Christmas with those who are really getting after the defense of our country -- that's those who are serving in harm's way."
Dunford and Troxell both have been in the shoes of the service members they are visiting | 838 |
At the centre of the Park, there is a restaurant with a wide variety of menu choices, a Starbucks coffee shop, a convenience store, vending<|fim_middle|> news, events and local events going on around the Havant area with Parklife. | machines and an ATM. These facilities make great networking opportunities.
Regular events run at the restaurant.
The Park is situated at Havants A27 junction and is within walking distance from local shops and Havants mainline railway and bus stations. The park is also conveniently located near Heathrow, Gatwick, Southampton and Bornemouth International Airports and Portsmouth's Continental Ferry Port. There are ample car parking facilities, secure cycle sheds and new fully equipped changing room facilities with showers.
Conveniently located within close proximity to Nearby attractions to Langstone Technology Park including scenic coastal walks, beaches and leisure and shopping facilities.
Located on-site at Langstone Technology Park there is a fully equipped gym available to tenants and their families which is open 5am - 11pm.
You can also and join the outdoor fitness sessions at Langstone Technology Park. On-site showers, lockers and secure bike area are available.
Langstone Technology Park has 10 conference/meeting rooms and a 200 seat Auditorium on-site. There are plenty of car parking spaces, and other amenities such as a restaurant, coffee shop and shop to add to your attendees comfort.
Langstone Technology Park has an Occupational Health centre with qualified nurses and First Aid station. Employee medical screening, travel clinic and health and safety induction are available. We can help provide simple and cost effective ways to reduce absence, ill-health, stress and other occupational health issues that may affect the success of your business.
Cherry Childcare was established in 1993 and is a family owned and run independent group with 10 nurseries across Surrey, Berkshire, Buckinghamshire and into Hampshire.
We provide childcare for children aged 3 months through to 5 years and our mission is to provide the best childcare available in every location.
If you travel to work in an electric car or car-share with a colleague based at Langstone you could be eligible to park in the newly extended GREEN ZONE.
Eco Drift Waterless Car Wash is a weekly car wash. You will find them every Tuesday and Wednesday in the main car park B6000. Starting from £6.
Langstone Technology Park helps your business stay connected with the help of Fasset Technologies. Fasset Technologies can help you with a range of ICT Services, such as Data, Telephony, Cloud Backup & Recovery, Data Centre Services and Virtual Disaster Recovery.
Find out latest Langstone Technology Park | 489 |
Nov. 22, 2012, Regina, SK – Farm Credit Canada (FCC) is now accepting nominations for the 2013 FCC Rosemary Davis Award, which recognizes and honours Canadian women for their leadership and commitment to agriculture.
Agriculture is a vibrant and dynamic industry and women are contributing to its success through positive action and community service. FCC wants to recognize five women who deserve recognition for their achievements. Past nominees range from producers and educators to agrologists and veterinarians.
"Women continue to have a pivotal leadership role in advancing the agriculture and agri-food industry," says Kellie Garrett, Senior Vice-President, Strategy, Knowledge and Reputation at FCC. "FCC is pleased to recognize exceptional leaders that distinguish themselves by showing commitment to our industry and devotion to their local communities."
Individuals are encouraged to take time to recognize a woman who is making<|fim_middle|> 30 outstanding women with the Rosemary Davis Award.
Created and named after a successful Canadian agribusiness owner and operator – and the first female chair of the FCC Board of Directors – the FCC Rosemary Davis Award is testament to the growing number of women who are choosing to make a career in agriculture.
Winners will be announced in March 2013. They will have the opportunity to attend the Simmons School of Management Leadership Conference in Boston on April 2, 2013 (http://www.simmons.edu/leadership).
"By attending this conference, winners of the award will have the unique opportunity to network and share knowledge," says Garrett. "They will also have the chance to hear from some of the most respected women in the world who, just like them, decided to make a difference in their communities and the global village."
FCC Rosemary Davis winners must be 21 years of age or older and actively involved in Canadian agriculture. Entries will only be received online at www.fccrosemarydavisaward.ca. The deadline to apply is 11:59 p.m. (Central Standard Time) on January 15, 2013. Nominees who applied but did not win in previous years are encouraged to reapply.
For more information, call 1-888-332-3301 or email prixrosemaryaward@fcc-fac.ca. | a difference in the agriculture industry. Self-nominations are also encouraged. Candidates are selected based on their demonstration of leadership – through giving back to their community and the agriculture industry – as well as their vision and passion for the industry. Since 2006, FCC has honoured | 57 |
Homebreaking news
The Royal Baby is Prince George Alexander Louis of Cambridge!
byRocky Chua - Thursday,<|fim_middle|> The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge World News
Share:The Royal Baby is Prince George Alexander Louis of Cambridge! | July 25, 2013
It's official! The first royal baby of the Duke and and Duchess of Cambridge, Prince William and Kate Middleton is named as Prince George Alexander Louis of Cambridge!
The cute baby boy will be known as His Royal Highness Prince George of Cambridge, Clarence House confirmed.
After Kate gave birth to an 8lb 6oz baby boy last Monday, July 22, 2013, people around the world got curious on the name of the baby. And finally, just this morning, the royal palace announced the official name of the heir to the throne!
The name of the royal baby is derived from the combination of names of their legendary roots in their kingdom! Welcome to the world Prince George Alexander Louis! (www.tvseriescraze.blogspot.com)
Tags breaking news kingdom Prince George Alexander Louis of Cambridge prince william and kate middleton baby Royal Baby Royal Wedding | 189 |
\section{Introduction}
Stars cooler than the red border of the instability strip have convective envelopes where turbulent motions act over various time scales and velocities (up to the local speed of sound), producing acoustic noise which can stochastically drive (or damp) resonant, p-mode oscillations. All cool stars with convective outer layers potentially show these solar-type oscillations typically with small amplitudes. The oscillation amplitudes are believed to scale with the luminosity and are, therefore, more easily observed in evolved red giants than in main-sequence stars, which opens up a promising potential for asteroseismic investigations of evolved stars. Their larger radii, however, adjust the pulsation periods from minutes to several hours to days. This in turn complicates ground-based detection and calls for long and uninterrupted observations from space.
It is believed that the global characteristics of solar-type oscillations, like the frequency range of pulsation or their amplitudes, are predetermined by the global properties of the star, like its mass or radius. It should therefore be possible to deduce the stellar fundamental parameters of a solar-type pulsator from the global properties of the observed oscillations. Recent investigations in this context were made by \citet{gil08} ,who analyzed pulsation amplitudes and timescales in several hundred red giants in the galactic bulge observed by the Hubble Space Telescope and \citet{ste08}, who determined asteroseismic masses for eleven bright red giants observed with the star tracker of the WIRE satellite. In this paper we measure global asteroseismic quantities for 31 red giants observed with the CoRoT satellite and use well-known scaling relations to estimate their masses and radii.
The satellite CoRoT \citep{bag06} is continuously collecting three-color photometry for thousands of relatively faint (about 11--16\,mag) stars in the so-called \emph{exofield} with the primary goal to detect planetary transits. But the data are also perfectly suited for asteroseismic investigations. And indeed, a first processing of the CoRoT exofield data reveals a variety of oscillating red giants. \citet{hek09} report on the clear detection of solar-type oscillations in several hundreds of red giants among the $\sim$11\,400 stars observed during the first 150 days CoRoT long-run (LRc01) campaign.
First results for oscillations in red giants observed in the CoRoT exofield are presented in \citet{rid09}, who also discuss the question of the existence of non-radial modes in red giants with moderate mode lifetimes versus the presence of short living radial modes only. Briefly, \citet{bar07} interpreted the signal found in the MOST observations of the red giant $\epsilon$ Oph as radial modes with relatively broad profiles corresponding to short mode lifetimes of $\sim$2.7 days. Their result was consistent with what was found for the similar red giant $\xi$ Hya \citep{ste06}. On the other hand, \citet{kal08} re-examined the same data set and found radial \emph{and} non-radial modes with significantly longer mode lifetimes (10--20 days), which supports the lifetimes inferred from theoretical considerations by \citet{hou02} and only recently \citet{dup09}. Additionally, the frequencies are consistent with those of a red-giant model that matches $\epsilon$ Ophs' position in the H-R diagram. So the actual interpretation of the available observations was unclear. It was \citet{rid09} who first provided unambiguous evidence for regular p-mode patterns of radial and non-radial modes with long lifetimes.
The low-degree, high-radial order p modes of solar-type pulsators are approximately equally spaced and are believed to follow an asymptotic relation \citep{tas80}. For a detailed asteroseismic analysis, such as the comparison of the individual observed frequencies and/or their separations with those of stellar models, is it often important to constrain the parameter space by using reliable fundamental parameters. Apart from pulsation, solar-type pulsators also show significant power from the turbulent fluctuations in their convective envelopes opening the possibility to study convective time scales and amplitudes. Without knowing the position of the star in the H-R diagram such endeavours cannot be properly realized.
This knowledge is indeed lacking for most of the faint CoRoT exofield stars. The available broadband color-information allows at best, and only in some cases, a rough determination of the effective temperature, but is not suitable to distinguish giants from main-sequence stars. We therefore try to extract the fundamental parameters from the time series alone, which is the main topic of this paper.
We model the convective background noise and the power excess due to pulsation with a global fit, which allows us to measure the so-called frequency of maximum oscillation power. With this and the large frequency separation we derive the stellar mass and radius from well-known scaling relations. As a first estimate we also obtain effective temperatures and luminosities from a comparison with evolutionary tracks.
\begin{figure}[t]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{Kallinger_fig01.eps}
\caption{Marginal distributions of the Gaussian parameters (Eq.\,\ref{eq:fit}) for the red giant ``A" as computed by the MCMC algorithm. Median values and 1$\sigma$ limits are indicated by vertical solid and dashed lines, respectively.}
\label{Fig:Distri}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}[b]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{Kallinger_fig02.eps}
\caption{Original (light-grey) and heavily smoothed (dark-grey) power density spectrum of the CoRoT exofield time series of the red giant A and a global model (black line) fitted to the power density spectrum. The model is a superposition of white noise (horizontal dashed line), three power law components (dashed lines) and a power excess hump approximated by a Gaussian function. The dotted line indicates the model fit plotted without the Gaussian component.}
\label{Fig:Pow}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure*}[t]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=1.02\textwidth]{Kallinger_fig03.eps}
\caption{Fourier amplitude spectra for a sample of red giants observed by CoRoT. Black lines indicate a global model fit, and dotted lines show the model plotted without the Gaussian component and serve as a model for the background signal. The center of the Gaussian is adopted to be the frequency of maximum oscillation power, $\nu_\mathrm{max}$. Error bars indicate the $\pm$1$\sigma$ uncertainties and diamond symbols correspond to the weighted mean frequency after correcting for the background signal. Note the different amplitude scales in the different panels. Inserts compare the comb response functions (grey) and marginal distributions (black) used to determine the large frequency separations.}
\label{Fig:Fourier}
\end{figure*}
\section{Observations}
Although the CoRoT satellite and the exofield data are well explained by others \citep[][and references therein]{rid09}, we will briefly summarize the instrument and data sets.
CoRoT houses four 1k $\times$ 1k pixels CCD photometers fed by a 27-cm afocal telescope. The satellite's low-Earth polar orbit (period $\approx$ 100\,min; $\approx$ 167\,$\mu$Hz ) enables uninterrupted observations of stars in its continuous viewing zones (two cones with $\sim$10\degr\ radius centered on the galactic plane at right ascension of about 6:50\,h and 18:50\,h, respectively) for up to six months. A summary of the mission is given in the pre-launch proceedings of CoRoT published by ESA (SP-1306, 2006). The two core science objectives, asteroseismology across the H-R diagram and the detection of transiting extra-solar planets, are tracked simultaneously with two of the four detectors each. In order to check the color independency of presumed planetary transits, the stellar light is dispersed by a prism before it reaches the exofield detectors. In this paper we concentrate on the white light flux measurements which are obtained by adding the flux of the three color channels to improve the photometric quality.
During the first 150 day long-run campaign, CoRoT pointed toward the coordinates ($\alpha, \delta$) = (19.4\,h , 0.46\degr ) from May to October, 2007, and gathered time series of about 11\,400 stars sampled with a cadence of either 512\,s or 32\,s, depending on the predefined status of the star (the limited downlink capacity does not allow to sample all stars with the short cadence). Typically, each time series consists of about 25\,000 or rather 400\,000 data points with a duty cycle of more than 90\%. We use the N2 data format \citep{sam07}, which is the output of a standard data reduction procedure, and detect and remove occasional jumps in the time series (caused by high energy particles) and apply an outlier correction. In a next step, we compute Fourier power spectra of all time series and extract parameters which we believed to be characteristic for red giant pulsators, like the 1/f$^{2}$ characteristic or the existence of a power excess hump. Based on a pre-selection with these parameters, we use a semi-automatic routine to identify the pulsating red giants. A more detailed description of how to identify the red giant stars is given in \citet{hek09}. The data are available at the CoRoT download page\footnote{http://idoc-corot.ias.u-psud.fr/}.
\section{Power spectra modeling}
The turbulent motions in the convective envelopes of cool stars act on a similar time scale as the acoustic oscillations and potentially complicate the detection and analysis of solar-type oscillations. Although the convective signal is stochastic, it follows particular characteristics. It can be shown that such quasi-stochastic variations cause correlations of consecutive measurements with the strength of the correlations exponentially decreasing for increasing time-lags. The Fourier transform of this correlated colored ``noise" follows a power law, characterized by an amplitude and a characteristic frequency (or inverse time scale).
For the Sun, it is common practice to model the background signal with power laws to allow accurate measurements of the solar oscillation parameters.
Power law models were first introduced by \citet{har85}. \citet{aig04} and only recently \citet{mic08} use the sum of power laws: $P(\nu)=\sum_i P_i$, with $P_i=a_i \zeta_i^2 \tau_i / (1+ (2\pi \tau_i \nu)^{C_i})$ to fit the solar background, with $\nu$ being the frequency, $\tau_i$ the characteristic time scale, and $C_i$ the slope of the power law. $a_i$ serves as normalization factor for $\zeta_i^2 = \int P_i(\nu) d\nu$, which corresponds to the variance of the stochastic variation in the time domain. The slope of the power laws was originally fixed to 2 in Harvey's models, but \citet{aig04} and \citet{mic08} have shown that, at least for the Sun, the slope is closer to 4. The number of power law components usually varies from two to five, depending on the frequency coverage of the observations. Each power law component is believed to represent a different class of physical processes such as stellar activity, activity of the photospheric/chromospheric magnetic network, or granulation (see \citealt{aig04} or \citealt{mic08} and references therein) with time scales for the Sun ranging from months for active regions to minutes for granulation.
First tests with power law fits to the CoRoT photometry have shown that the presence of an additional power due to pulsations significantly distorts such a fit and requires an additional component to model the entire spectrum. Since the shape of the pulsation power excess seems to be well approximated by a Gaussian, we model the observed power density spectra with a superposition of white noise, the sum of power laws, and a power excess hump approximated by a Gaussian function
\begin{equation}
P(\nu) = P_n + \sum_{i} \frac{A_{i}}{1 + (\nu / B_i)^4} + P_g \cdot e^{\,\,-(\nu_\mathrm{max} - \nu)^2 / (2\sigma_g^2)},
\label{eq:fit}
\end{equation}
where $P_n$ represents the white noise contribution and $A_{i}$ and $B_{i}$ are the amplitudes of the stellar background components and their characteristic frequencies (or inverse time scales), respectively. The frequency coverage which results from the 150\,d CoRoT observations is sufficient to use three power law components. $P_g$, $\nu_\mathrm{max}$, and $\sigma_g$ are the height, the central frequency, and the width of the power excess hump, respectively.
We use a Bayesian Markov-Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm to fit the global model to the power density spectrum. The algorithm samples a wide parameter space and delivers probability distributions for all relevant quantities. The procedure is described in \citet{gru08} and was originally designed to fit Lorentzian profiles to the p-mode spectrum of a solar-type pulsator. Our problem is quite similar, and it was trivial to adapt the code in order to fit a global model to the power density spectra instead of a sequence of mode profiles. The advantage of the algorithm is its stability and insensitivity to wrong initial parameters, and also that it delivers reliable parameters as well as realistic uncertainties in a fully automatic way. For the frequency parameters ($B_i$) we have sampled the entire frequency range of interest from 0 to 150\,$\mu$Hz . For higher frequencies, the power spectra are potentially contaminated by instrumental artifacts due to the satellites' orbital period. The amplitude parameters ($P_n$, $A_i$, and $P_g$) were allowed to vary from zero to the highest amplitude peak in the spectrum. Only $\nu_{max}$ and $\sigma_g$ were kept within reasonable limits (0.5 to 2 times the value we inferred from a visual inspection of the spectra). After some 500\,000 iterations we calculated the most probable value and its 1$\sigma$ uncertainty for all fitted parameters from their marginal distribution and constructed the most probable global model fit.
As an example, we show in Fig.\,\ref{Fig:Distri} the marginal distributions of the Gaussian parameters as computed by the MCMC algorithm for star A. The corresponding most probable global fit is given in Fig.\,\ref{Fig:Pow} along with the original and heavily smoothed power density spectrum, the white noise, and power law components of the fit. Fig.\,\ref{Fig:Fourier} shows a sequence of amplitude spectra selected from the 31 analyzed red giants with the corresponding global model fits. Note that the fits are calculated in power but are presented in amplitude for better visibility. The sequence impressively demonstrates that the frequency and amplitude range of the oscillations scale with the time scales and amplitudes of the background signal.
In a next step we use the white noise and power law components of the global model (doted lines in Fig.\,\ref{Fig:Pow} and \ref{Fig:Fourier}) to correct the power density spectra for the background signal, which should then include only the oscillation signal. But what is more interesting in this context, we assume the center of the Gaussian to locate the centroid of the power excess hump, and as long as the power excess hump is symmetric, the center of a Gaussian fit should equal the frequency of maximum oscillation power.
To test this assumption we compute the weighted mean frequency, $\bar{\nu}$, in the frequency range of pulsations ($\nu_\mathrm{max}$\ $\pm 5\sigma_g$), where we use the residual power after correcting for the background signal as weight. Although for seven of the eight stars shown in Fig.\,\ref{Fig:Fourier}, $\bar{\nu}$ is within $\nu_\mathrm{max}$ $\pm$1$\sigma$, $\bar{\nu}$ seems to be systematically shifted towards higher frequencies. Indeed, for 19 out of the 31 stars in our sample, $\bar{\nu}$ is higher than $\nu_\mathrm{max}$ . But as the average shift for the 19 stars (0.6\%) is about four times smaller than the stochastic error of $\nu_\mathrm{max}$ , we expect the systematic error on our estimate of $\nu_\mathrm{max}$\ to be negligible. Note that for the Sun the effect can not be neglected. Based on SOHO/VIRGO data \citep{fro97}, we find $\bar{\nu}$ to be shifted by almost 2\% towards higher frequencies.
The second interesting parameter that can directly be determined from the observed power spectrum is the large frequency separation, $\Delta \nu$ , of consecutive radial overtone modes of the same spherical degree. Since this frequency separation is, at least for the Sun \citep[see, e.g.,][]{bro09}, a function of the frequency itself, it is not straightforward to identify an average value for all observed modes. Such a value depends on the actual number and frequency range of the observed modes and is difficult to compare for different observations. We therefore specifically chose to define $\Delta \nu$\ as the average frequency separation in the frequency range of the maximum oscillation power.
To identify $\Delta \nu$\ we use again the Bayesian MCMC algorithm \citep{gru08}. But instead of fitting a global model, we fit a sequence of equidistant Lorentzian profiles to the power density spectra
\begin{equation}
P(\nu) = P_n + \sum_{i=-2}^{2} \frac{a_{i}^2 \cdot \tau}{1 + 4[\nu - (\nu_0 +\Delta\nu \cdot i/2)]^2 \cdot (\pi \tau)^2},
\label{eq:fit}
\end{equation}
where $a_i$ is the rms mode amplitude of the $i$-th profile, $\nu_0$ corresponds to the frequency of the central mode, $\Delta \nu$\ is the spacing, and $\tau$ is the mode lifetime which is assumed to be equal for all five modes. In principle we do not expect all modes to have the same lifetime, but this is a marginal assumption which significantly stabilizes the fit and has very little impact on the determination of $\Delta \nu$ . The model obviously represents either three consecutive radial modes with two interjacent dipole modes or three consecutive dipole modes with interjacent radial modes, depending on which mode the sequence is centered. In either case, the fitted spacing corresponds to the large frequency separation in the frequency range where the maximum oscillation power is seen. In our analysis the MCMC algorithm is allowed to vary the central mode frequency within $\nu_\mathrm{max}$ $\pm\sigma_g$. $\Delta \nu$\ and the mode lifetime are sampled between 0.5\,$\mu$Hz\ and 2$\sigma_g$ and 1 and 100 days, respectively. The individual mode amplitudes are allowed to vary between zero and four times the highest amplitude peak in the spectrum. After half a million iterations the algorithm delivers probability distributions for all fitted parameters and we calculate the most probable values and their uncertainties from their marginal distributions.
The advantage of our method compared to, e.g., the comb-response function \citep{kje95a} or an autocorrelation spectrum is that it takes the Lorentzian-like form of the signal into account and is therefore less sensitive to the stochastic nature of the signal. Examples for the residual power density spectra and the most probable fits are shown in Fig.\,\ref{Fig:lorfit}. Interestingly, the presence of additional modes which are not taken into account in our model does not influence the fit. This can be seen for instance from the power density spectrum of star A, where the MCMC algorithm correctly identifies the $l$ = 0 and 1 modes and does not consider the additional peaks at about 72 and 79\,$\mu$Hz , which are most likely $l$ = 2 modes. We compare the marginal distributions for $\Delta \nu$\ from our MCMC algorithm with the comb-response functions (both with arbitrary ordinates) in the inserts of Fig.\,\ref{Fig:Fourier}. Although for some stars both methods give consistent results, the values can differ by more that 0.2\,$\mu$Hz .
\begin{figure}[t]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{Kallinger_fig04.eps}
\caption{Residual power density spectra for star A and B after correcting for the background signal. The most probable model-fits used to determine $\Delta \nu$\ are indicated by black lines. }
\label{Fig:lorfit}
\end{figure}
We expect this ambiguity to be due to the stochastic nature of the signal. The observed time series represent a single realisation of a damped and stochastically excited signal. Another realisation might result in a different measurement for $\Delta \nu$\ and $\nu_\mathrm{max}$ . In order to examine this we simulate different realisations of the same solar-type oscillation signal. We use the original time series of star A and pre-withen all significant peaks in the frequency range of pulsation. The residual time series should now include only the intrinsic background signal. We then generate 250 time series following the procedure in \citet{cha97} with each data set representing a different realisation of four radial orders of equidistant $l$ = 0, 1, and 2 modes with $\Delta \nu$\ = 7.20\,$\mu$Hz\ and an arbitrary value for $\delta\nu$ = $\nu_{n,l} - \nu_{n-1,l+2}$ = 1\,$\mu$Hz . The time domain rms amplitudes of radial and $l$ = 1 modes are set in a way that the mode heights follow the Gaussian shape of the original power excess hump. The rms amplitudes of $l$ = 2 modes are set arbitrarily to half the value of the closest radial mode. The largest amplitude mode is centered on 76.2\,$\mu$Hz , and all modes have a lifetime of 20 days, which is a typical value for intermediate luminous red giants \citep{dup09} and corresponds to what we have found for the intrinsic modes.
Finally we superpose each simulated data set with the residual time series, calculate the power density spectrum, and apply our algorithms to determine $\nu_\mathrm{max}$\ and $\Delta \nu$ . The simulations give an average value $\nu_\mathrm{max}$\ = 74.42\,$\mu$Hz\ with a rms scatter of 0.55\,$\mu$Hz , which is well within the 1$\sigma$ uncertainty of the originally determined value (74.32$\pm$0.81\,$\mu$Hz ). The situation is different for $\Delta \nu$ . If we determine $\Delta \nu$\ from the frequency of the largest peak of the comb-response function, then the stochastic nature of the signal adds a rms scatter of about 0.21\,$\mu$Hz\ in our simulation. This is much compared to the rms scatter of only 0.04\,$\mu$Hz\ if we use our Bayesian MCMC approach, which is again compatible with the 1$\sigma$ uncertainty of the original value (0.04\,$\mu$Hz ). This assures us that the stochastic nature of the oscillation signal adds no significant additional uncertainty in our subsequent analysis. We list $\nu_\mathrm{max}$ , $\Delta \nu$\ and the corresponding 1$\sigma$ uncertainties for our sample of red giants in Table\,\ref{tab:Cstars}.
\section{Asteroseismic determination of fundamental parameters}
Stellar masses of field stars are usually determined by comparing the location in the H-R diagram with evolutionary tracks. But when stars evolve to become red giants, their evolutionary tracks move together and a relatively narrow range in the H-R diagram covers a large range in mass. Consequently, the mass determined from a location in the H-R diagram becomes quite uncertain. Additionally, the actual position and slope of the red-giant branch in stellar evolutionary calculations depend very much on the parameters used to compute the models. It is, however, believed that the global properties of solar-type oscillations, like the frequency range where they can be observed, depend on the fundamental parameters of the star. It should therefore be possible to determine these parameters from global properties of the observed oscillations.
The amplitudes of solar oscillations are modulated by a broad envelope with its maximum at a frequency of about 3\,mHz. The center and the shape of the envelope is defined by the excitation and damping where the later can be assumed to be Gaussian (see previous section). \citet{bro91} and latter on \citet{kje95b} have shown that the frequency of maximum oscillation power, $\nu_\mathrm{max}$ , of p-mode oscillations scales to good approximation with the acoustic cutoff frequency, which sets limits on the maximum frequency for acoustic oscillations. They predict $\nu_\mathrm{max}$\ by scaling from the Sun as
\begin{equation}
\nu_\mathrm{max} = (M/M\sun ) \cdot (R/R\sun )^{-2} \cdot (T_\mathrm{eff}/5777\,K)^{-1/2} \cdot 3050\,\mu \mathrm{Hz}.
\label{eq:numax}
\end{equation}
It has been shown that this simple scaling relation gives very good estimates for the frequency of maximum oscillation power for less evolved stars \citep[e.g.][]{bed03}, but it cannot a priori be assumed that it holds also for stars of the giant branch. \citet{ste08}, however, have demonstrated for a number of bright red giants observed by the star tracker of the WIRE satellite that the measured $\nu_\mathrm{max}$\ is in reasonable agreement with the values that can be expected from their fundamental parameters. In their analysis they use the luminosities and effective temperatures determined from Hipparcos parallaxes and infrared photometry, respectively, to substitute the radius in Eq.\,\ref{eq:numax} according to $L \propto R^2 \cdot T^4$.
\begin{table*}[t]
\begin{center}
\caption{Mass and radius of stars used to test our asteroseismic mass and radius determination approach. Mass and radius as taken from the literature are given in brackets.
\label{tab:Tstars}}
\begin{tabular}{lccccccclr}
\hline
\hline
\noalign{\smallskip}
&&$\nu_\mathrm{max}$&$\Delta \nu$&T$_\mathrm{eff}$&&R &M & (R & M)\\
&&\multicolumn{2}{c}{[$\mu$Hz]}&[K]&&\multicolumn{4}{c}{- - - - - - solar units - - - - - -}\\
\noalign{\smallskip}
\hline
\noalign{\smallskip}
Arcturus &&3.47$\pm$0.03 &0.825$\pm$0.05 &4290$\pm$30 &&27.9$\pm$3.4 &0.8$\pm$0.2&(25.4$\pm$0.3 &0.7-2.0)\\
HD181907 &&29.1$\pm$0.6 &3.47$\pm$0.12 &4760$\pm$65 &&13.1$\pm$1.0 &1.5$\pm$0.23&(12.3$\pm$0.6 &1.5-2.0)\\
$\beta$ Oph &&46.0$\pm$2.5 &4.1$\pm$0.2 &4470$\pm$100 &&14.9$\pm$1.7 &3.1$\pm$0.8 &(12.2$\pm$0.8 &$\leq$3.2)\\
$\epsilon$ Oph &&53.5$\pm$2 &5.2$\pm$0.1 &4877$\pm$100 &&10.7$\pm$0.6 &1.8$\pm$0.3&(10.4$\pm$0.5 &2.02)\\
$\xi$ Hya &&92.3$\pm$3 &7.0$\pm0.2$ &5010$\pm$50 &&10.2$\pm$0.7 &2.9$\pm$0.4&(10.4$\pm$0.5 &2.93-3.15)\\
M67 13 &&208.9$\pm$4 &15.9$\pm$0.2 &4966$\pm$50 &&4.6$\pm$0.1 &1.33$\pm$0.1&(4.3$\pm$0.3 &1.35)\\
$\nu$ Ind &&313$\pm$10 &24.25$\pm$0.25 &5300$\pm$100 &&3.04$\pm$0.12 &0.91$\pm$0.1&(2.96$\pm$0.13 &0.81-0.89)\\
$\zeta$ Her A &&700$\pm$50 &43$\pm$0.5 &5825$\pm$50 &&2.3$\pm$0.17 &1.2$\pm$0.26&(2.51$\pm$0.11 &1.3-1.5)\\
$\beta$ Hyi &&1020$\pm$50 &56.2$\pm$0.2 &5872$\pm$44 &&1.94$\pm$0.1 &1.28$\pm$0.2&(1.81$\pm$0.02 &1.0-1.2)\\
HD49933 &&1657$\pm$28 &85.2$\pm$0.5 &6500$\pm$75 &&1.44$\pm$0.03 &1.21$\pm$0.07&(1.46$\pm$0.05 &1.325)\\
$\mu$ Ara &&1900$\pm$50 &90$\pm$1 &5813$\pm$40 &&1.40$\pm$0.05 &1.23$\pm$0.1&(1.36$\pm$0.03 &1.1-1.3)\\
$\alpha$ Cen A&&2410$\pm$130 &106$\pm$0.2 &5770$\pm$50 &&1.28$\pm$0.07 &1.30$\pm$0.2&(1.26$\pm$0.03 &1.124$\pm$0.008)\\
$\alpha$ Cen B&&4090$\pm$170 &161.4$\pm$0.06 &5300$\pm$50 &&0.90$\pm$0.04 &1.04$\pm$0.13&(0.85$\pm$0.02 &0.934$\pm$0.007)\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\end{table*}
Our sample of red giants is far too faint to measure parallaxes. But the CoRoT observations are significantly better than the WIRE observations in terms of duration and precision, which enables us to also extract the large frequency separation.
For the Sun, \citet{tou92} have determined a large frequency separation of about 134.92\,$\mu$Hz\
at the radial order where the maximum oscillation power is seen ($n$ = 21). The large frequency separation reflects essentially the global properties of the star and is believed to scale with the dynamical time scale and therefore with the square root of the mean density. \citet{kje95b} predicted $\Delta \nu$\ by scaling from the Sun as
\begin{equation}
\Delta \nu = (M/M\sun )^{1/2} \cdot (R/R\sun )^{-3/2} \cdot 134.92\,\mu \mathrm{Hz}.
\label{eq:dnu}
\end{equation}
Knowing $\nu_\mathrm{max}$ and $\Delta \nu$ (and T$_\mathrm{eff}$), it is now easy to derive the stellar mass and radius:
\begin{equation}
R/R\sun = (\nu_\mathrm{max}/\nu_\mathrm{max,\, \sun}) \cdot (\Delta \nu / \Delta \nu \sun )^{-2} \cdot (T_\mathrm{eff}/5777\,K)^{1/2}
\label{eq:r}
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
M/M\sun = (R/R\sun )^3 \cdot (\Delta \nu /\Delta \nu \sun )^2 .
\label{eq:m}
\end{equation}
We have tested this method for a number of well-known solar-type pulsators and compare in Table\,\ref{tab:Tstars} the seismic masses and radii with independent measurements given in the literature. The specific values for the latter are taken from
\begin{itemize}
\item Arcturus: $\nu_\mathrm{max}$\ and $\Delta \nu$\ are given by \citet{tar07} and \citet{ret03}, respectively. The radius is based on the Hipparcos parallax \citep{lee07} and interferometric measurements \citep{lac08}. The mass range is estimated from the average surface gravity listed in the VizieR\footnote{http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR} database (\ensuremath{\log g}\ = 1.72$\pm$0.2) and the interferometric radius.
\item HD181907: We determine $\nu_\mathrm{max}$\ from the CoRoT observations published in \citet{car09}, who also derived $\Delta \nu$ . The mass is estimated from a comparison between the star's position in the H-R diagram and metal-poor evolutionary tracks.
\item $\beta$ Oph: $\nu_\mathrm{max}$\ and $\Delta \nu$\ were determined from unpublished MOST photometry. The radius is based on the Hipparcos parallax \citep{lee07} and interferometric measurements \citep{ric05}. An upper limit for the mass is estimated from the average surface gravity (\ensuremath{\log g}\ = 2.42$\pm$0.3) taken from the VizieR database and the interferometric radius.
\item $\epsilon$ Oph: $\nu_\mathrm{max}$\ and $\Delta \nu$\ are given by \citet{kal08}, who determined the mass from a detailed comparison of observed and model frequencies. The radius is based on the Hipparcos parallax \citep{lee07} and interferometric measurements \citep{ric05}.
\item $\xi$ Hya: $\nu_\mathrm{max}$ , $\Delta \nu$ , and the mass are taken from \citet{fra02} ,where they estimate the mass from a comparison between the star's position in the H-R diagram and solar-calibrated evolutionary tracks. We derive $\nu_\mathrm{max}$\ from a weighted average of the published frequencies.
\item M67 13: $\nu_\mathrm{max}$\ and $\Delta \nu$\ are determined from the photometric time series kindly provided by D. Stello. The mass is estimated from isochrone fits to the color-magnitude diagram of M67 \citep{ste07}.
\item $\nu$ Ind: $\Delta \nu$\ is given by \citet{car07}. $\nu_\mathrm{max}$\ is taken from \citet{bed06}, who also provide a mass range based on a comparison between the star's position in the H-R diagram and evolutionary tracks.
\item $\zeta$ Her A: $\nu_\mathrm{max}$ , $\Delta \nu$ , and the mass are taken from \citet{mar01}.
\item $\beta$ Hyi: $\nu_\mathrm{max}$\ and $\Delta \nu$\ are given by \citet{kje05} and \citet{bed01}, respectively. The radius is based on interferometric measurements from \citet{nor07}, who also provide a summary of non-seismically determined values for the mass.
\item HD\,49933: $\nu_\mathrm{max}$\ and $\Delta \nu$\ are given by \citet{kal09}, who determined the mass from a detailed comparison of observed and model frequencies.
\item $\mu$ Ara: $\nu_\mathrm{max}$\ and $\Delta \nu$\ were extracted from \citet{bou05}. A non-seismic estimate for the mass can be found in<|fim_middle|>5& 4835$\pm$11& 30$\pm$1 \\
A &SC& 7.69$\pm$0.11& 1.30$\pm$0.05& 4670$\pm$10& 25$\pm$1 \\
&MR& 7.57$\pm$0.12& 1.24$\pm$0.05& 4528$\pm$10& 22$\pm$1 \\
\noalign{\smallskip}
\hline
\noalign{\smallskip}
\multicolumn{2}{r}{$\sigma$}& 0.12(1.6\%)& 0.06(4.6\%)& 153(3.3\%)& 4(15\%) \\
\noalign{\smallskip}
\hline
\noalign{\smallskip}
&MP& 12.98$\pm$0.39& 1.73$\pm$0.13& 4725$\pm$25& 75$\pm$6 \\
E &SC& 12.75$\pm$0.40& 1.64$\pm$0.13& 4558$\pm$23& 63$\pm$5 \\
&MR& 12.56$\pm$0.38& 1.56$\pm$0.12& 4417$\pm$19& 54$\pm$4 \\
\noalign{\smallskip}
\hline
\noalign{\smallskip}
\multicolumn{2}{r}{$\sigma$}& 0.21(1.6\%)& 0.09(5.5\%)& 154(3.3\%)& 11(17\%) \\
\noalign{\smallskip}
\hline
\noalign{\smallskip}
&MP& 17.59$\pm$0.71& 1.25$\pm$0.13& 4462$\pm$46& 110$\pm$10 \\
H &SC& 17.25$\pm$0.69& 1.18$\pm$0.13& 4294$\pm$22& 91$\pm$9 \\
&MR& 16.98$\pm$0.71& 1.13$\pm$0.12& 4160$\pm$28& 78$\pm$9 \\
\noalign{\smallskip}
\hline
\noalign{\smallskip}
\multicolumn{2}{r}{$\sigma$}& 0.31(1.8\%)& 0.06(5.0\%)& 151(3.5\%)& 16(17\%) \\
\noalign{\smallskip}
\hline
\noalign{\smallskip}
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\end{table}
\section{Conclusions and prospects}
We have shown that global properties of solar-type pulsations can be used to derive estimates for the stellar mass and radius by employing well-established and often used scaling relations. We have tested this approach on various prominent solar-type pulsators and applied it to a first sample of red giant pulsators observed by CoRoT. Despite the mentioned approximations the derived fundamental parameters can serve to constrain the starting values for a more detailed analysis.
We note that we do not stop at this point. In a next step we will use the integral of the Gaussian part of our global power density model to deduce the total spectral power of solar-type pulsations, which we expect to scale with the luminosity-mass ratio. This, however, needs extensive calibration for solar-type pulsators with independently determined fundamental parameters, which we are currently carrying out. We believe that we can, for the first time, derive all basic fundamental parameters (mass, radius, luminosity, and consequently also the effective temperature) of a solar-type pulsator by simply measuring global properties of its oscillations in the power density spectrum. This will have influence on various astrophysical applications. One can use it as a distance indicator, or one can study the behavior of convective time scales of stars as a function of their position in the H-R diagram. By comparing the individual pulsation frequencies with theoretical eigenfrequencies it should be possible to investigate the parameterization of convective models (e.g, the mixing-length parameter) in a region of the H-R diagram where stars are very sensitive to these parameters.
Finally, we want to mention that we will apply our asteroseismic fundamental parameter determination to all pulsating red giants observed by CoRoT, and also we plan to arrange an online database for them.
\begin{figure}[t]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{Kallinger_fig07.eps}
\caption{Diagnostic asteroseismic diagram for stars on the red-giant branch. Solid lines correspond to solar-calibrated evolutionary tracks. The dotted lines indicate models with 1.5\,M\sun , but with different initial chemical compositions (the upper and lower line corresponds to the metal-poor and metal-rich models, respectively). The large dots indicate 10\,R\sun\ models, and the light-grey dots are the CoRoT red giants listed in Table \ref{tab:Cstars}. }
\label{Fig:DiaDia}
\end{figure}
\begin{acknowledgements}
TK, MG, and WWW are supported by the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG), and the Austrian Science Fund (FWF P17580). TK is also supported by the Canadian Space Agency. The research leading to these results has received funding from the Research Council of K.U.Leuven under grant agreement GOA/2008/04 and from the Belgian PRODEX Office under contract C90309: CoRoT Data Exploitation.
FC is a postdoctoral fellow of the Fund for Scientific Research, Flanders. APH acknowledges the support grant 50OW0204 from the Deutsches Zentrum f\"ur Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR). SH acknowledges financial support from the Belgian Federal Science Policy (ref: MO/33/018). CC is supported partially be a CITA national fellowship. Furthermore, it is a pleasure to thank D. Stello (University of Sydney) for providing us with the photometric data of M67. We thank the MOST Science Team for letting us use the unpublished photometry of $\beta$ Oph. Finally, we thank the anonymous referee for helping us to improve the manuscript.
\end{acknowledgements}
| \citet{baz05}.
\item $\alpha$ Cen A \& B: $\nu_\mathrm{max}$\ and $\Delta \nu$\ are taken from \citet{kje05}. Masses were determined by \citet{gue00} using Hipparcos parallaxes and the binary mass ratio.
\end{itemize}
\begin{figure*}[t]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.97\textwidth]{Kallinger_fig05.eps}
\caption{Theoretical H-R diagram showing the location of the stars used to test our asteroseismic mass and radius determination approach. Grey-filled dots (total sample) and black dots (stars presented in Fig.\,\ref{Fig:Fourier}) indicate the analyzed CoRoT pulsating red giants where the actual position in the HR-diagram is based on a comparison with evolutionary tracks. The errors bars correspond to the approximate uncertainties of our method and are significantly larger than the observationally based errors. Dashed black lines indicate isopleths for $\Delta \nu$ = 2.5, 5, and 10\,$\mu$Hz\ and dotted black lines show isopleths for $\nu_\mathrm{max}$ = 20, 40, 80, and 160\,$\mu$Hz\ where we linearly interpolate for points between the evolutionary tracks.}
\label{Fig:HRD}
\end{figure*}
If not explicitly mentioned the radius is determined according to $L \propto R^2 \cdot T_\mathrm{eff}^4$ with the effective temperature and luminosity taken from the listed reference (or references therein).
Although $\nu_\mathrm{max}$\ is in some cases only a rough estimate from a published power spectrum, our approach yields quite accurate masses and radii in a large portion of the H-R diagram.
For faint stars it often turns out that no or only poor estimates for the effective temperature are available. This is, however, not very critical for stars on the giant branch, as $\nu_\mathrm{max}$\ depends only on the square root of $T_\mathrm{eff}$, and pulsating red giants are expected to populate only a relatively narrow temperature range ($\sim$4200 to 5300\,K). It should therefore be possible to get a reasonable asteroseismic mass and radius for red giants even if an accurate $T_\mathrm{eff}$ is not available. This is shown for the red giants in Table\,\ref{tab:Tstars} (Arcturus to $\xi$ Hya), where we ignore the known values for $T_\mathrm{eff}$ and fix the temperature to a typical value of 4750\,K.
\begin{table*}[t]
\begin{center}
\caption{Summary for the analysed sample of red gaints. V magnitudes are taken from the \textit{EXODAT} database \citep{del06}. $\nu_\mathrm{max}$\ and $\Delta \nu$\ are obtained from the photometric time series. Fundamental parameters are based on scaling relations for $\nu_\mathrm{max}$\ and $\Delta \nu$\ and interpolation in a grid of solar-calibrated RGB models. The errors are based \emph{only} on observational uncertainties.
\label{tab:Cstars}}
\begin{tabular}{cccccccclr}
\hline
\hline
\noalign{\smallskip}
&CoRoT-ID&2MASS&V [mag] & $\nu_\mathrm{max}$ [$\mu$Hz] & $\Delta \nu$ [$\mu$Hz] & R/R\sun & M/M\sun & (T$_\mathrm{eff}$ & L/L\sun )\\
\noalign{\smallskip}
\hline
\noalign{\smallskip}
A & 101113062& 19263135-0002147 & 13.46 &74.32$\pm$0.81& 7.20$\pm$0.04& 7.69$\pm$0.11& 1.30$\pm$0.05& (4670$\pm$10& 25$\pm$1) \\
B & 101251252& 19272346+0119408 & 13.72 &67.74$\pm$0.92& 6.50$\pm$0.03& 8.62$\pm$0.15& 1.49$\pm$0.07& (4684$\pm$14& 32$\pm$1) \\
C & 101362522& 19281037+0049531 & 13.90 &53.51$\pm$1.28& 5.53$\pm$0.04& 9.32$\pm$0.26& 1.36$\pm$0.11& (4612$\pm$21& 35$\pm$3) \\
D & 101034881& 19255782+0056022 & 13.50 &45.59$\pm$0.90& 4.79$\pm$0.02& 10.58$\pm$0.23& 1.49$\pm$0.09& (4598$\pm$18& 45$\pm$3) \\
E & 101197556& 19270316-0032250 & 13.35 &34.60$\pm$0.69& 3.79$\pm$0.04& 12.75$\pm$0.40& 1.64$\pm$0.13& (4558$\pm$23& 63$\pm$5) \\
F & 100838545& 19245182+0129416 & 12.76 &31.03$\pm$0.65& 4.15$\pm$0.05& 9.38$\pm$0.29& 0.78$\pm$0.06& (4395$\pm$16& 29$\pm$2) \\
G & 101649216& 19301425-0007224 & 12.46 &19.30$\pm$0.37& 2.82$\pm$0.11& 12.48$\pm$1.00& 0.85$\pm$0.14& (4311$\pm$26& 48$\pm$9) \\
H & 101378942& 19281895+0105256 & 12.76 &14.03$\pm$0.44& 2.05$\pm$0.03& 17.25$\pm$0.69& 1.18$\pm$0.13& (4294$\pm$22& 91$\pm$9) \\
\noalign{\smallskip}
& 101290847& 19273800+0112570 & 13.20 &61.13$\pm$0.60& 5.93$\pm$0.11& 9.33$\pm$0.35& 1.57$\pm$0.12& (4676$\pm$21& 37$\pm$3) \\
& 101509360& 19291255-0011005 & 13.06 &56.77$\pm$0.66& 5.74$\pm$0.03& 9.22$\pm$0.16& 1.42$\pm$0.06& (4634$\pm$12& 35$\pm$2) \\
& 101081290& 19261943-0032595 & 12.73 &51.59$\pm$0.42& 5.32$\pm$0.06& 9.72$\pm$0.20& 1.43$\pm$0.07& (4615$\pm$11& 38$\pm$2) \\
& 101041814& 19260095+0131378 & 13.51 &43.40$\pm$0.57& 4.90$\pm$0.06& 9.55$\pm$0.24& 1.15$\pm$0.07& (4539$\pm$12& 35$\pm$2) \\
& 100886873& 19250710+0106045 & 13.57 &40.89$\pm$0.75& 4.73$\pm$0.04& 9.65$\pm$0.24& 1.10$\pm$0.07& (4515$\pm$15& 35$\pm$2) \\
& 100483847& 19224577+0131126 & 12.70 &39.15$\pm$1.07& 4.44$\pm$0.03& 10.50$\pm$0.30& 1.25$\pm$0.10& (4534$\pm$19& 42$\pm$3) \\
& 101232297& 19271621-0015395 & 12.48 &40.02$\pm$0.91& 4.78$\pm$0.03& 9.22$\pm$0.24& 0.98$\pm$0.07& (4493$\pm$19& 31$\pm$2) \\
& 100974118& 19253501+0022085 & 13.74 &39.03$\pm$0.66& 4.91$\pm$0.06& 8.48$\pm$0.25& 0.81$\pm$0.06& (4446$\pm$15& 25$\pm$2) \\
& 100716817& 19241108+0138078 & 13.86 &37.40$\pm$0.77& 4.02$\pm$0.03& 12.28$\pm$0.31& 1.65$\pm$0.11& (4577$\pm$22& 59$\pm$4) \\
& 101218811& 19271113+0152095 & 13.46 &34.53$\pm$1.10& 3.99$\pm$0.04& 11.42$\pm$0.44& 1.30$\pm$0.14& (4512$\pm$25& 49$\pm$5) \\
& 101242228& 19271998+0045148 & 13.10 &31.17$\pm$0.70& 3.92$\pm$0.08& 10.62$\pm$0.47& 1.01$\pm$0.10& (4445$\pm$23& 40$\pm$4) \\
& 101136306& 19264008+0127108 & 12.61 &32.22$\pm$0.58& 3.91$\pm$0.04& 11.06$\pm$0.31& 1.14$\pm$0.08& (4475$\pm$15& 44$\pm$3) \\
& 101058180& 19260841+0151442 & 12.61 &31.84$\pm$0.77& 4.08$\pm$0.05& 9.98$\pm$0.35& 0.91$\pm$0.08& (4430$\pm$21& 34$\pm$3) \\
& 100908597& 19251396+0034026 & 13.95 &31.76$\pm$1.10& 3.93$\pm$0.04& 10.78$\pm$0.43& 1.06$\pm$0.12& (4459$\pm$26& 41$\pm$4) \\
& 101262795& 19272783+0100075 & 14.16 &30.75$\pm$0.81& 3.92$\pm$0.07& 10.49$\pm$0.47& 0.97$\pm$0.10& (4435$\pm$24& 38$\pm$4) \\
& 101044584& 19260224-0019015 & 13.00 &28.53$\pm$0.98& 3.95$\pm$0.08& 9.49$\pm$0.51& 0.73$\pm$0.09& (4368$\pm$24& 29$\pm$4) \\
& 101513442& 19291426+0009508 & 14.32 &30.06$\pm$0.80& 3.64$\pm$0.05& 11.91$\pm$0.46& 1.23$\pm$0.12& (4473$\pm$21& 51$\pm$5) \\
& 100855073& 19245704+0130376 & 14.13 &26.37$\pm$0.52& 3.28$\pm$0.02& 12.87$\pm$0.32& 1.26$\pm$0.08& (4446$\pm$14& 58$\pm$4) \\
& 101150795& 19264557+0051573 & 14.11 &25.05$\pm$0.61& 3.19$\pm$0.07& 12.88$\pm$0.69& 1.19$\pm$0.15& (4428$\pm$23& 57$\pm$7) \\
& 101654204& 19301756-0014319 & 13.59 &26.71$\pm$0.90& 3.63$\pm$0.03& 10.54$\pm$0.40& 0.85$\pm$0.09& (4378$\pm$25& 37$\pm$4) \\
& 100998571& 19254285-0012038 & 13.70 &24.29$\pm$0.52& 2.89$\pm$0.04& 15.27$\pm$0.56& 1.64$\pm$0.14& (4475$\pm$23& 84$\pm$8) \\
& 101449976& 19284824-0007431 & 12.38 &21.50$\pm$0.56& 2.79$\pm$0.02& 14.38$\pm$0.43& 1.27$\pm$0.11& (4401$\pm$17& 70$\pm$5) \\
& 101029979& 19255560+0122554 & 14.64 &21.85$\pm$1.05& 2.60$\pm$0.03& 16.95$\pm$0.89& 1.81$\pm$0.27& (4474$\pm$44& 100$\pm$15) \\
\noalign{\smallskip}
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\end{table*}
For our CoRoT sample of red giants we first estimate the effective temperature from 2MASS photometric colors and color-temperature calibrations \citep{mas06,gon09}. Unfortunately, both calibrations result in temperatures which are systematically too cool. The average temperature resulting from the \citet{mas06} calibration is about 3820\,K, which would make our sample of red giants either extremely metal rich or would put all the stars high up on the giant branch. Both explanations are not very plausible. We expect the discrepancy to be due to severe reddening which is difficult to estimate for such faint (and therefore distant) stars. The situation is sligthly better for the \citet{gon09} calibration, but we decided to ignore the effective temperatures determined from color-temperature calibrations.
Instead, we use a different approach. We calculate an initial guess for the mass and radius from Eqs.\,\ref{eq:r} and \ref{eq:m} by fixing the effective temperature to a typical value of 4750\,K. In a next step we compare the initial mass and radius to those of a grid of solar-calibrated red giant models. Interpolation in the grid gives a better estimate for the temperature, which is used as a new input for Eq.\,\ref{eq:r}. After about three iterations the procedure converges to a certain location in the H-R diagram where the final locus in the H-R diagram is independent from the starting value for T$_\mathrm{eff}$ as long as the initial value is kept within the temperature range of our model grid ($\sim$4000 - 5500\,K).
The resulting fundamental parameters and their uncertainties are given in Table\,\ref{tab:Cstars}. The errors are based only on the uncertainties for $\nu_\mathrm{max}$\ and $\Delta \nu$\ and range from 1.5 to 8.2\% and 3.9 to 17\% for the radius and mass, respectively.
The red-giant models used to estimate the effective temperatures fall along evolutionary tracks computed with the Yale Stellar Evolution Code YREC \citep{gue92,dem07}. The evolutionary tracks were computed for an initial helium and metal mass fraction (Y, Z) = (0.28, 0.02) with the mixing-length parameter $\alpha$ = 1.8 set to approximately meet the Sun's position in the H-R diagram with a one-solar-mass model at roughly the solar age. Note, although the models are not exactly calibrated to the Sun, we refer to them as \textit{solar-calibrated} in the following. A more detailed description of the used model physics can be found in \citet{kal08} or \citet{kal09t} and references therein.
In Fig.\,\ref{Fig:HRD} we show our sample of red giants in the H-R diagram along with the test stars (Table\,\ref{tab:Tstars}) and contours of constant $\nu_\mathrm{max}$\ and $\Delta \nu$ . We whish to emphasize that the actual locations of the red giants are specific to the model grid used to estimate their effective temperatures. We assume that all red giants are comparable to the Sun in terms of their initial chemical composition and mixing-length parameter. This might be correct for some of them but not for others. The effective temperature and luminosity of a model with a given mass and radius do not only depend on the model's age but also for instance on the initial chemical composition of the model. Metal-poor models, e.g., are shifted towards higher surface temperatures and luminosities compared to solar-abundant models.
On the other hand, low and intermediate mass red giants contract rapidly after they have reached the tip of the red giant branch (RGB) to settle on the He-core burning main sequence at a somewhat higher temperature before they start to climb the asymptotic giant branch (ABG).
In other words, a red giant with a given mass and radius is located at different positions in the H-R diagram depending on, e.g., the chemical composition and/or the evolutionary stage.
To illustrate this ambiguity we compare stellar models for a given mass and radius, but with different initial chemical composition and during different evolutionary stages. The result is shown in Fig.\,\ref{Fig:HRDdiff} where we illustrate that 2.5\,M\sun\ RGB models with 10\,R\sun\ with a initial chemical composition of (Y, Z) = (0.25, 0.01) and (0.32, 0.04) are about 155K hotter and 13\% more luminous and about 135K cooler and 11\% less luminous, respectively, than a solar-calibrated RGB model with the same mass and radius. Similar results can be expected for different mixing-length parameters. Whereas the parameterization of convection has only small effects on the surface properties of a star during early evolution, different mixing-length parameters result in quite different evolutionary tracks when the star ascends the giant branch. This is because the mixing-length parameter sets the temperature gradient in the convective regions and thus controls how efficiently energy can be deduced from the interior. Consequently, the mixing-length parameter defines at what stage the star starts to climb the giant branch during the hydrogen shell burning phase.
A slightly smaller effect can be expected for the different evolutionary stages. Our 2.5\,M\sun\ and 10\,R\sun\ is about 60K hotter and 5\% more luminous in its AGB phase than the corresponding RGB model. Although most of our sample red giants are expected to have a mass below 2.5\,M\sun , we use here the more massive models.
This is because YREC, just like other stellar evolution codes, is not able to follow the explosive He flash in low mass stars, and we currently have no AGB starting models available. We can follow the He core ignition only for higher mass models and evolve models on the AGB. We do not expect the effect to be significantly different for lower mass models, however.
We have demonstrated in Fig.\,\ref{Fig:HRDdiff} that an unknown chemical composition, mixing-length parameter, and evolutionary stage adds a certain amount of uncertainty when we determine a star's position in the H-R diagram from its mass and radius. This ambiguity will add additional uncertainties on the asteroseismic masses and radii. To quantify this effect we have computed additional sets of evolutionary tracks. For the sake of simplicity and as we expect the uncertainty to be smaller for an unknown evolutionary stage than for an unknown initial chemical composition we concentrate here on models with different initial chemical compositions, namely (Y, Z) = (0.25, 0.01) and (0.32, 0.04). In Table\,\ref{tab:Comp} we compare the fundamental parameters as they result from using the different model grids to estimate the effective temperature for Eq.\,\ref{eq:r}. We list here only three stars which are, however, selected to cover the range of interest in the H-R diagram.
The spread in chemical composition adds an additional uncertainty of not more than about 1.8 and 5.5\% on the radius and mass, respectively, which is smaller or at most comparable to the observationally based errors. The situation is different for the effective temperature and luminosity where the additional uncertainties are significantly larger than the observational errors. To account for this we have extended the error bars in Fig.\,\ref{Fig:HRD} to $\pm$150\,K and $\pm$17\% for the effective temperature and luminosity, respectively. Note that these are still quite accurate fundamental parameters for such faint stars.
\begin{figure}[t]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{Kallinger_fig06.eps}
\caption{YREC evolutionary tracks for 2.5\,M\sun\ models with different chemical compositions (Y, Z) = (0.25, 0.01), (0.28, 0.02), and (0.32, 0.04) and mixing-length parameters $\alpha$ = 1.6, 1.8, and 2.0. For the solar-calibrated track also the AGB part of the track is shown. The large dots indicate models with 10\,R\sun .}
\label{Fig:HRDdiff}
\end{figure}
From Eqs.\,\ref{eq:numax} and \ref{eq:dnu} and the isopleths for $\nu_\mathrm{max}$\ and $\Delta \nu$\ in Fig.\,\ref{Fig:HRD} it is obvious that the two parameters are correlated to some extent. Both parameters depend on the stellar mass and radius. \citet{ste09} indeed found a tight relation between $\nu_\mathrm{max}$\ and $\Delta \nu$\ for main-sequence and red-giant stars, which was confirmed by \citet{hek09} for CoRoT red giants. Although the relation seems to be very tight, no \textit{exact} relation can be explained from a theoretical point of view. It even turns out that the relation between $\nu_\mathrm{max}$\ and $\Delta \nu$\ strongly depends on the stellar mass. This can be seen from Fig.\,\ref{Fig:DiaDia}, where we compare the ratio between $\Delta \nu$\ and $\nu_\mathrm{max}$\ as a function of $\nu_\mathrm{max}$\ for models of different evolutionary tracks with the sample of red giants. The ordinate basically represents the inverse radial order where the maximum oscillation power is seen \citep{kje95b}.
We introduce this diagram as a sort of diagnostic asteroseismic diagram similar to a diagram which is usually used to estimate the mass and central hydrogen abundance for solar-type pulsators close to or on the main sequence from the measured large and small frequency separations \citep[see e.g., ][]{rox03}. Our diagnostic asteroseismic diagram is particularly useful on the giant branch and relies on an observational quantity, namely $\nu_\mathrm{max}$ , which is easier to determine than the small frequency separation. Other parameters like the helium core abundance can easily be added to this diagram.
The diagram also demonstrates the relative robustness of our method to determine an asteroseismic mass and radius. Models of a given mass and radius (large dots) are only slightly shifted in the diagram if e.g. their initial chemical composition is significantly changed.
We have illustrated to some extent what uncertainty can be expected for a red giant's position in the H-R diagram if the star's initial chemical composition and/or mixing-length parameter and/or evolutionary stage is unknown. But there are also other effects in stellar evolution which carry a similar type of uncertainty. Examples are the overshoot parameter or a better description of convection than the MLT which change the L-M-R-T$_\mathrm{eff}$ relations. These effects are difficult to estimate and are not on the scope of the current analysis.
\begin{table}[t]
\begin{center}
\caption{Fundamental parameters for the stars A, E, and H as they follow from using a metal-poor (MP), solar-calibrated (SC), or metal-rich (MR) grid to estimate the effective temperature. Also given are standard deviations in absolute units and percent.
\label{tab:Comp}}
\begin{tabular}{cccclr}
\hline
\hline
\noalign{\smallskip}
ID&Grid& R/R\sun & M/M\sun & T$_\mathrm{eff} [K]$ & L/L\sun \\
\noalign{\smallskip}
\hline
\noalign{\smallskip}
&MP& 7.82$\pm$0.12& 1.36$\pm$0.0 | 7,063 |
Last year we reported about the Authentic Living furniture collection by the famous industrial designer Karim Rashid for Lamborghini and Italian furniture manufacturer Riva 1920. This year, Karim has revived<|fim_middle|>018.
Inkline and Rivar sideboards are a combination of multi-functionality with delightful, minimal forms.
Each piece shows the beauty of timber through discolored grains and patterns to perfectly add rustic grace and utility to any living space.
Inkline is a low-profile sideboard made of multilayer wood. It is characterized by rounded sides and top surrounding the six drawers, assembled with dovetail joints and equipped with shaped fronts that reflect the lines of Finesse bookcase from the same collection. There's an open space in the center, dividing the two rows of drawers.
Rivar is an eye-catching sideboard in multilayer wood featuring twisting and rounded lines over two side doors and central drawers. Under the top, there is a practical and functional open compartment. | the collection by adding two new sideboards to it. The collection is currently on exhibition at Milan Design Week 2 | 23 |
Albert Beurick, the British racing cyclists' friend, is dead
Keith Bingham December 14, 2009 3:07 pm
Cycling Weekly news<|fim_middle|> London.
A brief appreciation is planned at the forthcoming cyclists show there in January.
Albert Beurick's funeral is on Friday (18 December) at noon, Crematorium Westlede, Smalle Heerweg 60, Lochristi, near Ghent.
Follow us on Twitter>> | logo
Belgian Albert Beurick, who ran the Café del Engel in Ghent, and who helped many British cyclists over the years, died on Saturday night. He was 72.
Only a few months ago he had a heart pace maker fitted. Beurick is famous among UK racing cyclists for befriending and assisting two top Brits achieve their goals. They were Tom Simpson who in 1965 became the first UK world professional road champion and Graham Webb, who won the amateur title two years later
But they were just two of the many, many, Brits who stayed at the Café del Engel and received his encouragement and advice when trying their luck racing in Belgium.
"Britain would never have had one single male World road race champion without Albert," said Webb. "He should be top of the list in BC's 'Hall of Fame."
In recent years, Beurick became a regular visitor to the Hammersmith Cyclists Film show in | 199 |
US$70,000 prize tag for Jamaica Open
Adrian Frater, News Editor
Over US$70,000 in prize money will be at stake when the 45th staging of the Jamaica Golf Open Championship unfolds at the scenic Half Moon Golf Course between next Wednesday and Saturday, with an expected 70 professionals and 40 amateurs.
Best that can be
Speaking at the launch of the championship in Montego Bay yesterday, Wayne Chai, president of the Jamaica Golf Association (JGA), said that while Jamaica cannot afford a Professional Golf Association (PGA)-style event, his association is committed to making the Jamaica Open the best it can be.
"While Jamaica cannot host a PGA tournament, which can cost approximately US$7 million to stage, we are willing to work hard to make<|fim_middle|> investment in golf."
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• Jardine tops UTech Classic | the Jamaica Open, which cost about J$7 million to stage, the best it can be," said Chai.
The Jamaica Open, which will be played on the last three days following the opening day Pro-Am, will be a 54-hole strokeplay championship. The Pro-Am will be played over 18-holes.
"Entries have been a little bit slow in coming but we are expecting to see an increase in the upcoming days because this is an attractive tournament," said tournament chairman, Gordon Hutchinson, noting that "the prize package ranks with major tournaments in the Caribbean".
The breakdown of the prize package reads as follows: first - US$15,000; second - US$10,000; third - US$6,000; fourth - US$4,000; fifth - US$3,000 and sixth -- US$2, 600.
Looking at the importance of the tournament to the development of golf locally, chairman of the PGA of Jamaica, Orville Marshall, said the tournament is extremely important as it offers local golfers an opportunity to play under conditions similar to what entails on the world circuit.
"It offers the Jamaica players (an opportunity) to play over three days, which is the best way to test their skills under conditions that you will find on the world stage," Marshall said.
In addition to bringing high-quality golf to Jamaica, the event, which is sponsored by the Jamaica Tourist Board, Petroleum Corporation of Jamaica, Half Moon Rose Hall Jamaica and the Sports Development Foundation (SDF), it is poised to generate significant income from Jamaica.
Not keeping pace
According to a JGA release, this year's tournament is expected to bring an estimated J$14 million to the economy, while local caddies are expected to earn approximately $800,000.
Despite Jamaica's awesome potential as a top-flight golfing destination for tourism, David Mais, chairman of the SDF, does not believe the development of golf is keeping pace with other sports.
"Regrettably, we are not doing well in golf as in other sports and that is due mostly to lack of support and not the absence of good talent," said Mais. "We need to start putting some proper | 464 |
Tryavna Drone's Eye View
AirVuz contributor and pilot nikolov_kn brings us this excellent drone video of a town in central Bulgaria called Tryvana. It's located on the banks of its namesake river in the province of Gabrovo, on the northern slope of the Balkan Mountains. The town is noted for its Bulgarian National Revival architecture, a style which arose with the awakening of Bulgarian national feeling during roughly the last century of rule by the Ottoman Empire (which ended with the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-8).
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This video presents the town of Tryav<|fim_middle|> - "St. Ivan Rilski "and" St. Sofia, Faith, Hope and Love ". There are places for rest and relaxation in the area. There are other marked routes on the territory of Bulgarka Nature Park, which covers part of the territory of Tryavna and Gabrovo. In Tryavna and the area around the city there are many hotels and family guest houses that offer accommodation. Dining and entertainment in the town are numerous and offer interesting local dishes prepared according to old recipes. The video was shot during the ultra marathon Tryavna Ultra 2021. Every year about 1000 runners from all over the country come here to measure their strength. | na from the point of a drone view. Tryavna is a town in Gabrovo District, Central Bulgaria. The population of the city is about 10,000 people, which makes it the third largest town in the district. The preserved Revival architecture and cultural heritage of this period attracts many tourists. Tryavna continues to keep its Revival spirit. In the center is one of the symbols of Tryavna - the Clock Tower. It was built in 1814 and its height is 21 m. The tower has been declared an architectural monument of culture of national importance. The town is located in the valley extension of the Tryavna River, at the northern foot of the Tryavna Mountain, 20 km east of Gabrovo, 226 km from the capital Sofia, 152 km from Plovdiv, 259 km from Varna and 207 km from Bourgas. The town of Tryavna is a suitable place for mountain tourism. To the two peaks in the region of Tryavna - Golyam Krastets (2034 m) and Bazovets (897 m), there are marked hiking trails. On the tops are built chapels | 262 |
AMC and Alamo Top US Cinema Online Engagement Review by Gruvi
By Ben Johnson | March 5, 2021 1:08 am PST
Gruvi has recently conducted an A.U.D.I.T. of the websites of major cinema chains in the UK, Australia and the US, in terms of their effective engagement with online audiences. The following three criteria were used to determine the results:
The Algorithm score is based on each cinema's best use of Google's search algorithm within their page infrastructure.
Shows whether the page uses state-of-the art AddOn integrations, which provide the ability to better understand audiences' activities and – crucially – track sales conversions.
Shows the traffic each page generates within a month, how long people stay on that page, and how many different pages on the site the user visits.
Each cinema chain has a score determined from the results of the above, and is shown alongside the scores of its competitors.
In this furlough period, cinemas should be looking at upgrading their websites and digital marketing activities. It seems likely the cinemas' greatest competition will come from the living room couch and the numerous streaming services that are currently available or will soon be entering the market.
Studio ad dollars look likely to remain split between supporting theatrical and VOD releases, particularly with Warner Bros' announcement late last year that they will be releasing their entire 2021 slate in the US simultaneously in cinemas and on HBO max. This trend may well continue after lockdown and may end up being the studios' de facto strategy.
GRUVI – CINEMA REPORT – USA 2021
We reviewed the following cinema chains in the U.S.:
Cinema Chain
AMC Entertainment https://www.amctheatres.com/
Regal Cinemas https://www.regmovies.com/
Cinemark Theatres https://www.cinemark.com/
Marcus Theatres http://www.marcustheatres.com/
Harkins Theatres https://www.harkins.com
Southern Theatres http://www.amstarcinemas.com/
B&B Theatres https://www.bbtheatres.com/
National Amusements https://www.showcasecinemas.com/
Alamo Drafthouse Cinemas https://drafthouse.com/
Malco Theatres https://www.malco.com/
Despite the challenging landscape, most of the cinema chains can boast of strong work from their digital marketing teams. In terms of digital visibility in the U.S. AMC Entertainment, Cinemark and Alamo Cinemas appear to be the leading chains.
However, we also observed weaknesses in SEM visibility and approaches to the collection of audience data from the majority of cinema chains, as more effort is needed to support proper integration of Google and Facebook plugins.
SEM marketing was relatively low, with cinemas seeming to invest more in organic placements and traffic. Paid traffic also took a hit last year, as most chains chose to rely heavily on direct & referral visits to their websites.
Despite these challenges, the results show a high investment in digital marketing technology across the board, with most cinema chains boosting their data warehouses and optimizing their approaches to Google.
The principle goal of the cinema chains in 2021 will be to drive more quality traffic to their sites, and increase the conversion rate there. The challenges they face include maintaining an awareness of the latest Search Engine Updates, and improving their page speeds for low bandwidth connections, in order to keep up with the growing importance of mobile phone usage (which is already the dominant driver of traffic to their sites).
Chart 1: Gruvi USA Cinema Chain Website Audit – 2021
Definition: Website optimized technically & structurally for Google's algorithm (which is frequently updated).
Increasing SEO mobile visibility
Increasing Keyword indexation
Better quality backlinks
Decreasing SEO desktop visibility
Weak performance / page speeds
Overall declining traffic
Major market differences between the chains – most chain were markedly behind AMC and Cinemark
Most chains need to significantly invest in SEO Audit to fix technical and structural issues for better Google rankings
Compress images for better performance on mobile phones
Gruvi USA Cinema Chain Website Audit – 2021 Algorithmic Score
AMC has the highest SEO Visibility from Search Engines, particularly on mobile, which leads to high traffic.
Cinemark is a distant second place but is notably higher in organic keywords – meaning it should perform better for targeted keyword searches.
Harkins, B&B, Alamo, Malco, National Amusements were making low to non-existent bids with SEM traffic, relative to the top three largest chains.
AMC has the biggest number of incoming links to their website, which helps generate more referral traffic from partner sites and/or promotions. If used properly, this backlink metric is very important for high search rankings.
SEM performed significantly lower than SEO for all of the cinema chains, with AMC and Cinemark taking the lead in terms of SEM visibility.
Definition: Data point integrations to measure success & understand your audiences
All websites are using Google Analytics
All sites except three theatres have implemented Google Tag Manager
Most websites are also using Google Analytics Audiences
Most cinema chains are measuring their real ROI through advertising/Conversion Pixels
The majority of websites still haven't implemented Adword conversions and Pixel & Dynamic Retargeting
One chain appeared to have no tag manager, adwords conversion, or audience tagging structure in place
Quick Wins:
Continue investing in a structure that leverages the full potential of Google Dynamic Retargeting, Adword conversions, and Google Analytics Audiences
Build a proper data warehouse for a seamless integration of all relevant metrics
Gruvi USA Cinema Chain Website Audit – 2021 Data Score
Harkins and AMC cinemas have the best marketing technology and data integration on their websites, followed by Alamo Drafthouse. These are the three highest scores across the U.S., while the remaining chains continue to lag behind.
10 out of 10 cinema chains in the U.S. use Google Analytics on their website to progress user data.
7 out of 10 cinema chains in the U.S. use Google Tag Manager on
their website to administer their website's plugins, and create Data Layers that offer more insights into the collected data.
Only 1 out of 10 cinema chains in the U.S. use Google Adwords Conversion to measure the success of either Google Search, Google Display or Youtube Advertising.
8 out of 10 cinema chains in the U.S. use Facebook Pixel to measure the success of their Facebook Advertising.
Alamo and Cinemark used the most plugins running on their website (including a number of high priced software packages), which helps maximise usage of their user data, but on the other hand might lower page speed and accessibility
Definition: Website visits & sources of traffic
Gruvi USA Cinema Chain Website Audit – 2021 Traffic<|fim_middle|> integrations are server side. In order to do a more thorough review we would need access to Google Analytics and Google Tag Manager. If you are interested in a more detailed audit or would like to enquire about the study pls reach out direct to nikolaj@gruvi.tv
Since conducting this study for the first time in 2018, Gruvi has collected significantly more data and enhanced the system we use. Our updated KPIs reflect key digital marketing changes seen in 2019, including the increasing rise of mobile phone usage, changes to Google algorithms, and various new state-of-the-art plugins.
Data collection and analysis was conducted through market-leading software for search engine optimization (SEO), and social media and web analytics including Search Metrics, Moz, Google lighthouse, SimilarWeb, Brandwatch, RivalIQ & Ghostery.
SEO Searchmetrics https://www.searchmetrics.comu00a0
SEO Moz https://www.moz.comu00a0
SEO Google Lighthouse https://developers.google.com/web/tools/lighthouse
Data Ghostery https://www.ghostery.com
Social RivalIQ https://www.rivaliq.com
Social Brandwatch https://www.brandwatch.com
Traffic Similarweb https://www.similarweb.com
All Supermetrics https://www.supermetrics.com
Each category has individually collected KPIs from various leading marketing software providers in the fields of SEO, SEM, Social Media, Data Integrations and Webtraffic, weighted by their importance.
CEO at Gruvi
Ben Johnson is the CEO of Gruvi, a technology based media agency that helps film distributors reach and engage online audiences. He began working in film marketing in 2007 and has worked on over 300 movie campaigns for companies like Warner, Disney and Sony, as well as smaller indies like Wild Bunch, Scanbox and Dogwoof.
Latest posts by Ben Johnson (see all)
AMC and Alamo Top US Cinema Online Engagement Review by Gruvi - March 5, 2021
Event Cinema Tops Australia Cinema engagement Review by Gruvi - February 17, 2021
Do European Cinemas Make the Most of Digital Strategies? Gruvi Cinemas A.U.D.I.T. Part 2 - August 3, 2018
Tags: B&B Theatres, Regal Cinemas, Marcus Theatres, AMC Theatres, Southern Theatres, Cinemark, Cinemark Theatres, AMC, Alamo Drafthouse Cinemas, Harkins Theatres, Regal, AMC Entertainment, National Amusements, Malco Theatres | Score
AMC Entertainment has the highest score, followed closely by Regal Cinemas and Cinemark Theatres. AMC's lead is mostly driven by the number of monthly visitors and by its high performance on direct and referral traffic.
All websites have good visitor duration performance, scoring 5 min or more per visit on average. Regal and Marcus have the highest number of pages visited (4.0 on average), while Southern has the lowest (2.08 pages on average).
Alamo generates the most percentage traffic from social media (by using more Calls To Action in their communication), but lower direct traffic than the majority of its competitors
Southern has the highest referral traffic and generates the most visits from back links, followed closely by Alamo
Alamo receives the highest percentage of respondents to their display ads, contrasting strongly with the majority of competitors, who appear to be investing less intensively in paid traffic
U.S. leading cinema chains need to remain aware of the frequent & continual changes to the digital marketplace, and each one needs to remain aware of the ongoing activities of its competitors.
Key subjects to focus on in 2021 include:
Increase individual page speed & performance
Be aware of & act upon all search engine updates
Continually assess & re-assess social media strategy
Continue learning from all available data and build marketing funnels for advertising
Allocate a greater advertising budget to significantly improve results
CAVEAT: The tools we use in our methodology only provide a 'skin deep' overview of the web operations and therefore may not reflect the actual workings of the site particularly if your Data | 324 |
Howie Jimmy Image 1 Newcastle United 1907
Home/England & Wales 1901 - 1910, England & Wales 1911 - 1920, Scotland 1890 - 1900, Scotland 1901 - 1910/Howie Jimmy Image 1 Newcastle United 1907
Howie Jimmy Image 1 Newcastle United 1907 quantity
SKU: howie-jimmy-image-1-newcastle-1907 Categories: England & Wales 1901 - 1910, England & Wales 1911 - 1920, Scotland 1890 - 1900, Scotland 1901 - 1910 Tags: Bristol Rovers, Huddersfield Town, Kettering, Kilmarnock, Middlesbrough, Newcastle United, Queens Park Rangers, Scotland
Born in Galston, Ayrshire, inside forward Jimmy Howie played for local junior side Galston Athletic in 1897 before he joined Kilmarnock in 1898. He was in the side that won the 1899 Scottish Second Division title and the following season earned selection to The Scottish League, playing against The Irish League in Belfast in February 1901. He joined Southern League Kettering Town later in 1901 then moved to Bristol Rovers the following season.
Howie was signed by Newcastle United in May 1903, making his Football League debut against Aston Villa the same September, and between then and 1910 made 237 appearances for the club, scoring 82 goals. He won the Football League Championship 3 times (1904-05, 1906-07 and 1908-09) and was also an FA Cup winner in 1910, as well as a losing finalist in 1905, 1906 and 1908. During this period he earned three caps for the Scotland, making his debut in April 1905, playing in a 1-0 defeat to England at The Crystal Palace. His other 2 caps were also against England, in April 1906 he scored twice in a 2-1 win at Hampden Park, and in April 1908 he played in a 1-1 draw at the same venue.
Howie was universally known in the game as "Gentleman James" but was equally notable for his peculiar running action, which looked like a hopping motion. After leaving Newcastle in December 1910 he spent three seasons with Huddersfield Town scoring 18 goals in 87 appearances before retiring.
In 1913 Howie moved into management when appointed manager of Queens Park Rangers, a position he held for seven years. He was then secretary-manager of Middlesbrough from March 1920 until May 1924.
His younger brother David, also a former professional footballer and played for Kilmarnock and Bradford Park Avenue.
This photograph is grafted from the 1907-08 Newcastle United team photograph, please see the linked image.
Howie David Image 3 Bradford Park Avenue 1922
Newcastle United Image Team 1 1907-08 with names
Newcastle United FA Cup Final Team Image 1 1905 (no names)
Newcastle United FA Cup Final Team Image 1 1905
Adcock Hugh Image 1 Leicester City<|fim_middle|>hampton Wanderers 1908 £8.95 – £49.95 | 1925
Britton Cliff Image 1 Everton 1936
Clennell Joe Image 2 Cardiff City 1923
Kelly James Image 1 Glasgow Celtic 1896 £8.95 – £49.95
Ferguson Tommy Image 4 Falkirk 1925 £8.95 – £49.95
Barraclough Billy Image 3 Wolverhampton Wanderers 1934 £8.95 – £49.95
Bishop Alf Image 4 Wolver | 123 |
British invasion! The red coats are coming, the red coats are coming…or at least returning as I am awoken just before 7am to an all too familiar voice that prides himself on the proper pronunciation of the English language but lacks the fundamentals for personal hygiene and etiquette. Welcome back, Marc, my brother from across the pond. After more than three weeks of travels to the States and the UK, the reunion has been long awaited in the onset lull of the quiet season in SJDS and we decide to catch up over breakfast at Barrio Café. The last busy weekend for the small Pacific beach town is coming to a close after the Nicaraguan Independence Day celebration and the mass exodus of Nicas to Managua is visible in the streets. Taking a table towards the back of the open outdoor café in the shade, there<|fim_middle|> to have this good friend back at the start of a new week. | is little on the day's agenda and Marc is reintroduced to the slower pace of life that is synonymous with Central America.
Celebrating the return of anything but a king, I figure it is time to introduce this poor bloke to the awesomeness that is the NFL and American Football. As the relative cool air of the late morning gives way to the heat of the afternoon, we settle in to dual rocking chairs on the upstairs terrace and begin with the Jets versus Pittsburgh game. As the hits begin to pile up with each play I attempt a lengthy explanation of the game and with it, we begin betting on various plays and quarters. Beginners luck has afforded three straight victories to my ever so humble counterpart, but things begin to even out as the sun disappears over the ocean and I am reminded of football Sundays back home with friends. Calling it an early night after the previous uncomfortable night's sleep in hard wooden beds with paper thin mattresses it is good | 191 |
The Dream Sequence Always...: Rate this episode
The Dream Sequence Always...: Rate this episode Jun 3, 2005 20:56:53 GMT -5
Let's start rating these episodes to determine the fan favorites. I think we should start with this one.
Everybody rate it and we shall see in a few weeks or so which episodes are the favorites.
The Dream Sequence Always...: Rate this episode Mar 7, 2006 11:15:26 GMT -5
Post by gamera on Mar 7, 20<|fim_middle|>
I love this episode! It's one of my favourite episodes of all time!
I love it sooo much!
The Dream Sequence Always...: Rate this episode Aug 31, 2006 11:16:18 GMT -5
Post by graycav56 on Aug 31, 2006 11:16:18 GMT -5
This episode is one of my personal favorites and I like a LOT of them a LOT. I guess there are just a number of things that come together that make this one stick out. The opening scene with Orson obviously is a classic...probably my favorite director does his final scene on my favorite show. Then I loved the story line of the same tale being told by two different people. This plot line has been used countless times by others but somehow the ML version just seemed so fresh and unique.
The use of black and white in two different techniques added to the contrast.
But in the end it comes down to seeing Cybill in a slip. Sorry folks, I'm a guy. You could have had Orson Bean instead of Orson Welles and shot this in Super 8 and it would rate a 10 just because of that scene alone. Talk about cat on a hot tin roof!
Last Edit: May 7, 2009 12:27:37 GMT -5 by graycav56
The Dream Sequence Always...: Rate this episode Jan 29, 2007 13:31:18 GMT -5
Post by skipsquat on Jan 29, 2007 13:31:18 GMT -5
How could anyone NOT rate this a 10? From beginning to end, everything about this episode is gorgeous.
As for Bruce and Cybill, they are every bit as hot as the neon sign implies. Is it possible that film or television has ever produced a pairing with greater chemistry than these two people? I don't think so.
The Flame Of The Love Never Burns Out...
The Dream Sequence Always...: Rate this episode Feb 13, 2007 13:41:39 GMT -5
Post by Sakura on Feb 13, 2007 13:41:39 GMT -5
Sorry to say this at all...but I must say it...
First of all my vote of this episode is a false vote...I think I vote 9...but my REAL vote is 2...
1st point: I never was a fan of B&W movies,neither the episode don't caught my attention...it's just a simple weird episode but at B&W
2nd point:The dreams are the same...a murder,and then this and that...what's seam so special?! Nothing...but nothing at all...
3rd:I should not say this...but I must say at all....I don't like Cybill singing in the episode...I'm sorry but it's nothing to me at all...and the musics...bah! Nothing....
I know you're not happy....
Last Edit: Feb 13, 2007 13:48:49 GMT -5 by Sakura
♥ How Far Can You Go To Your Dreams ♥[/size]
Post by skipsquat on Feb 13, 2007 13:58:29 GMT -5
No, it makes sense that if you don't like black and white films, that you won't be impressed with a b&w episode. It's just your style preference.
All is cool.
skipsquat said:
I don't like it...final!
Worst part: Cybill singing
Maybe it is....or not...but it's what I've been hidding for a loong time since I saw this epi...
Well, then I guess we disagree. Go figure.
Why loosing my time watching something I don't like while there is a great episode of the name of "Between a Yuk And A Hard Place" that is munch better and funny?
The Dream Sequence Always...: Rate this episode Jun 14, 2007 14:21:32 GMT -5
A real gem of the whole Moonlighting series, IMHO marks the peak of innovation of the 80's TV series: not one, but two genuine B&W film noir episodes inside an one hour show.
Excellent photography, acting and use of lightning. Add to that the tremendous performances by both Cybill and Bruce with the creative genius of Glenn Caron and you have an all-time classic story.
The Dream Sequence Always...: Rate this episode Aug 1, 2007 3:55:03 GMT -5
Post by Turbo Grom on Aug 1, 2007 3:55:03 GMT -5
Can anyone write lyrics of I told ya I love ya - now get out? Please
The Dream Sequence Always...: Rate this episode Dec 1, 2007 20:17:07 GMT -5
Post by maddieaddisonjr on Dec 1, 2007 20:17:07 GMT -5
An absolute 10! I like many black and white films and Bruce and Cybill looked great and fit right in. Their chemistry was off the charts here. Wow! When Dream Sequence first aired those Zack/Rita kisses heightened my anticipation for the day that David and Maddie would decide to officially become a couple. It was like a promise that it would happen.
I think until I started rewatching the show earlier this year, my clearest memory of Moonlighting was Cybill in that exquisite black dress singing "I tolja I loved ya...now get out!" And she can hold a note better than me so I have no complaints.
Let me add that I liked the banter about sexism in the car and David calling Maddie the "sexiest sexist" and his saucy quip to her on the phone - "fantasize, sauterize, etc. etc...." (What did he say?? LOL!) I would have fell for him right then like a ton of bricks, infuriating or not.
And the Orson Welles intro just a few days before he died...it just elevated this episode to something even more special - if that were possible. Five thumbs up! Bravo, bravo! | 06 11:15:26 GMT -5
a good episode, I liked the introduction. I can't help but think of Sin City when I see Bruce in black and white doing a monologue
The Dream Sequence Always...: Rate this episode Apr 16, 2006 4:34:07 GMT -5
Post by queensgirl on Apr 16, 2006 4:34:07 GMT -5
Can't for the life of me remember how I voted, or why...
The Dream Sequence Always...: Rate this episode Jul 22, 2006 9:42:13 GMT -5
Post by Johanna on Jul 22, 2006 9:42:13 GMT -5
So I'm voting 10, as I can see many other have done. Rewatched this yesterday, with my grandparents (who are 65, and new to ML. And they liked it! See: It's never too late!) so for once I watched every single scene! And twas great! Tried so hard not to sing along to Blue Moon and I Told Ya, but I couldn't. Impossible to resist... Brilliant!
The Dream Sequence Always...: Rate this episode Aug 31, 2006 9:13:40 GMT -5
Post by Veronica on Aug 31, 2006 9:13:40 GMT -5 | 324 |
Love, protect and respect nature. And live surrounded by it... Fermob's business is outdoor, which is why sustainability and respect for the environment are naturally rooted in our culture - and in our production process too!
Welcome to our factory in Thoissey (Ain, France), which makes about 400 000 products every year.
Stringent inspections are conducted throughout the production process : firstly on the raw materials, then to check the welds, paintwork, assembly, and at last the finished product. Each product is signed by its inspector - a question of responsibility, and personal pride!
Metal - steel or aluminium - is the main raw material in Fermob's furniture, and one of the few materials with a recycling system economically organised on a global scale. Today, 98% of metals are recycled worldwide. Fermob can thus guarantee that its furniture is not just recyclable, but actually recycled!
Received in form of sheets and reels, the steel is mechanically cut, folded and bent. It is also worked in the factory's<|fim_middle|> validates all Fermob's long-standing actions, and encourages the brand in its drive to push the principle further. To cohabit happily with nature, respects is vital! | forge, to make parts that can only be hand-crafted, like the scrolls of our 1900 chair.
Our powder paints are solvent-free and applied in a zero-release facility. The residues are fully recyclable and recycled. They do not affect the health of our employees or consumers, and safeguard the environment.
Fermob knows that its furniture will live outdoor, exposed to temperamental weather. So we UV-proof our paint to keep it long-lastingly bright. The radiance of our colours will travel with you through time!
When sourcing our outdoor technical fabric (OTF), Fermob picks suppliers with strict sustainability standards. This unique initiative guarantees that all canvas components have been recycled.
- It stays cool even in full sunlight, and does not retain water - ideal for sunbathing by the pool!
- Easy care : a spot of soapy water restores its brightness.
Fermob's product-development teams and designers have always focused on cutting out superfluous detail, to optimise raw materials and ensure the lightest possible weight.
This mindset extends to optimising energy consumption, and is reflected in concrete actions, such as introducing a method of oven-drying metal parts that cuts consumption by 30%, and reducing our paint-curing temperature by 10°C.
Fermob has been ISO 14001 certified since March 2010. This standard recognises our program of continuous improvement in environmental performance, which controls impacts caused by our operations. It | 302 |
Methods and systems for providing audio information based on gaze information are described. In an example, a computing device may be configured to receive gaze information indicative of a wearer-view associated with the computing device. Based on the gaze information, the computing device may be configured to determine content displayed in the wearer-view. Further, the computing device may be configured to determine audio information relating to the content and cause an audio stream associated with the audio information to be played at the computing device.
Augmented reality generally refers to a real-time view of a real-world environment that is augmented with additional content. A user may experience augmented reality through the use of a computing device. The computing device may be configured to generate the real-time view of the environment, either by allowing a user to directly view the environment or by allowing the user to indirectly view the environment by generating and displaying a real-time representation of the environment to be viewed by the user.
The additional content may include, for example, a user-interface through which the user may interact with the computing device. The computing device may overlay the view of the environment with the user-interface such that the user sees the view of the environment and the user-interface at the same time.
The present application discloses systems and methods for providing audio information based on gaze information. In one aspect, a method is described. The method may comprise receiving, at a computing device, gaze information indicative of a wearer-view associated with the computing device. The method also may comprise determining, based on the gaze information, a video advertisement in a physical advertisement space in the wearer-view. The method further may comprise determining an audio advertisement relating to the video advertisement. The method also may comprise causing the audio advertisement to be played at the computing device.
In still another aspect, a system is described. The system may comprise an eye-tracking system. The system also may comprise a computing device in communication with the eye-tracking system. The computing device may be configured to receive, from the eye-tracking system, gaze information indicative of a wearer-view associated with the computing device. The computing device also may be configured to determine, based on the gaze information, content depicted on a display device in the wearer-view. The computing device further may be configured to determine audio information relating to the content. The computing device also may be configured to cause an audio stream associated with the audio information to be played at the computing device.
In another aspect, a non-transitory computer readable medium having stored thereon instructions executable by a computing device to cause the computing device to perform functions is described. The functions may comprise receiving, at a computing device, gaze information indicative of a wearer-view associated with the computing device. The functions also may comprise determining, based on the gaze information, a video advertisement in a physical advertisement space in the wearer-view. The functions further may comprise determining an audio advertisement relating to the video advertisement. The function also may comprise causing the audio advertisement to be played at the computing device.
FIG. 4 is a flowchart of an example method for providing audio information based on gaze information, in accordance with an embodiment.
FIG. 5 illustrates an example implementation for providing audio information based on gaze information, in accordance with an embodiment.
FIG. 6 is a flowchart of another example method for providing audio information based on gaze information, in accordance with an embodiment.
FIG. 7 illustrates aspects of example implementations for providing audio information based on gaze information, in accordance with an embodiment.
In an example, a computing device may be configured to receive gaze information indicative of a wearer-view associated with the computing device. Based on the gaze information, the computing device may be configured to determine a video advertisement in a physical advertisement space in the wearer-view. Further, the computing device may be configured to determine an audio advertisement relating to the video advertisement and cause the audio advertisement to be played at the computing device.
In another example, the computing device may be configured to determine, based on the gaze information, content depicted on a display device in the wearer-view. Also, the computing device may be configured to determine audio information relating to the content and cause an audio stream associated with the audio information to be played at the computing device. The content may include one or more of a video, an interactive media element, a game, and a graphical user interface, for example. In an example, the content may be displayed as multiple items on the display device, and each item of the multiple items may have an associated audio stream. In another example, respective contents may be displayed on respective display devices, and the computing device may be configured, based on the gaze information indicating which respective content is gazed at, to cause a given audio stream corresponding to the respective content to be played at the computing device.
In still another example, the computing device may cause an audio stream that is thematically related to what a user is looking at or circumstances of the user. As an example, the user may close his eyes and, accordingly, the computing device may cause a stream of soft music to play at the computing device. In another example, the user may be looking at text (e.g., an article), and the computing device may stop playing any audio streams. In still another example, the user may be driving a car in traffic, and the computing device may cause white noise sound to play at the computing device to reduce perceived loudness of the traffic. Other examples are possible.
Referring now to the Figures, FIG. 1A illustrates an example system for receiving, transmitting, and displaying data, in accordance with an embodiment. The system is shown as a wearable computing device in a form of a head-mounted device 102 as an example. Other types of wearable computing devices could additionally or alternatively be used. As illustrated in FIG. 1A, the head-mounted device 102 may include frame elements including lens-frames 104, 106 and a center frame support 108, lens elements 110, 112, and extending side-arms 114, 116. The center frame support 108 and the extending side-arms 114, 116 are configured to secure the head-mounted device 102 to a user's face via a user's nose and ears, respectively.
One or more of each of the lens elements 110, 112 may be formed of any material that can suitably display a projected image or graphic (e.g., a user-interface). Each of the lens elements 110, 112 may also be sufficiently transparent to allow a user to see through the lens element. Combining these two features of the lens elements 110, 112 may facilitate an augmented reality or heads-up display where the projected image or graphic is superimposed over a real-world view as perceived by the user through the lens elements 110, 112.
The extending side-arms 114, 116 may each be projections that extend away from the lens-frames 104, 106, respectively, and may be positioned behind a user's ears to secure the head-mounted device to the user. In some examples, the extending side-arms 114, 116 may further secure the head-mounted device 102 to the user by extending around a rear portion of the user's head. Additionally or alternatively, for example, the head-mounted device 102 may connect to or be affixed within a head-mounted helmet structure. Other possibilities exist as well.
The head-mounted device 102 may also include an on-board computing system 118, a video camera 120, at least one sensor 122, a speaker 123, a finger-operable touch pad 124, and a button 126. The on-board computing system 118 is shown to be positioned on the extending side-arm 114 of the head-mounted device 102; however, the on-board computing system 118 may be provided on other parts of the head-mounted device 102 or may be positioned remote from the head-mounted device 102 (e.g., the on-board computing system 118 could be connected via a wired or wireless connection to the head-mounted device 102). The on-board computing system 118 may include a processor and data storage, for example, among other components. The on-board computing system 118 may be configured to receive and analyze data from the video camera 120, the at least one sensor 122, and the finger-operable touch pad 124 (and possibly from other user-input devices, user-interfaces, or both) and generate images and graphics for output by the lens elements 110 and 112. The on-board computing system 118 may additionally include a microphone for user input (not shown).
The video camera 120 is shown positioned on the extending side-arm 114 of the head-mounted device 102; however, the video camera 120 may be provided on other parts of the head-mounted device 102. The video camera 120 may be configured to capture images at various resolutions or at different frame rates. Video cameras with a small form-factor, such as those used in cell phones or webcams, for example, may be incorporated into an example of the head-mounted device 102.
The at least one sensor 122 is shown on the extending side-arm 116 of the head-mounted device 102; however, the at least one sensor 122 may be positioned on other parts of the head-mounted device 102. The sensor at least one 122 may include one or more movement sensors, such as one or both of a gyroscope or an accelerometer, for example. Other sensing devices may be included within, or in addition to, the at least one sensor 122, or other sensing functions may be performed by the at least one sensor 122.
The speaker 123 is shown on the extending side-arm 114 of the head-mounted device 102; however, the speaker 123 may be positioned on other parts of the head-mounted device 102. The on-board computing system 118 may be configured to cause an audio stream to be played through the speaker 123, for example. Although one speaker 123 is shown, more than one speaker can be coupled to the head-mounted device 102.
The finger-operable touch pad 124 is shown on the extending side-arm 114 of the head-mounted device 102; however, the finger-operable touch pad 124 may be positioned on other parts of the head-mounted device 102. Also, more than one finger-operable touch pad may be present on the head-mounted device 102. The finger-operable touch pad 124 may be used by a user to input commands. The finger-operable touch pad 124 may sense at least one of a position and a movement of a finger via capacitive sensing, resistance sensing, or a surface acoustic wave process, among other possibilities. The finger-operable touch pad 124 may be capable of sensing finger movement in a direction parallel and/or planar to a surface of the finger-operable touch pad 124, in a direction normal to the surface, or both, and may also be capable of sensing a level of pressure applied to the pad surface. The finger-operable touch pad 124 may be formed of one or more translucent or transparent insulating layers and one or more translucent or transparent conducting layers. Edges of the finger-operable touch pad 124 may be formed to have a raised, indented, or roughened surface, so as to provide tactile feedback to a user when the user's finger reaches the edge, or other area, of the finger-operable touch pad 124. If more than one finger-operable touch pad is present, each finger-operable touch pad may be operated independently, and may provide a different function. For example, the finger operable touch pad may include a button with various functionalities.
The button 126 is shown on the extending arm 114 of the head-mounted device 102; however, the button 126 may be positioned on other parts of the head-mounted device 102. Also, more than one button such as the button 126 may be present on the head-mounted device 126.
FIG. 1B illustrates an alternate view of the system illustrated in FIG. 1A, in accordance with an example. As shown in FIG. 1B, the lens elements 110, 112 may act as display elements. The head-mounted device 102 may include a first projector 128 coupled to an inside surface of the extending side-arm 116 and configured to project a display 130 onto an inside surface of the lens element 112. Additionally or alternatively, a second projector 132 may be coupled to an inside surface of the extending side-arm 114 and configured to project a display 134 onto an inside surface of the lens element 110.
The lens elements 110, 112 may act as a combiner in a light projection system. Further, in some examples, the lens elements 110, 112 may include a coating that reflects the light projected onto them from the projectors 128, 132.
In alternative examples, other types of display elements may also be used. For example, the lens elements 110, 112 themselves may include: a transparent or semi-transparent matrix display, such as an electroluminescent display or a liquid crystal display, one or more waveguides for delivering an image to the user's eyes, or other optical elements capable of delivering an in focus near-to-eye image to the user. A corresponding display driver may be disposed within the frame elements 104, 106 for driving such a matrix display. Alternatively or additionally, a laser or light emitting diode (LED) source and scanning system could be used to draw a raster display directly onto the retina of one or more of the user's eyes. In these examples, a reflective coating on the lenses 110, 112 may be omitted. Other possibilities exist as well.
FIG. 2 illustrates another example system for receiving, transmitting, and displaying data, in accordance with an embodiment. The system is shown in the form of a wearable computing device 202. The wearable computing device 202 may include frame elements, side-arms, and lens elements, which may be similar to those described above in connection with FIGS. 1A and 1B. The wearable computing device 202 may additionally include an on-board computing system 204 and a video camera 206, which may also be similar to those described above in connection with FIGS. 1A and 1B. The video camera 206 is shown mounted on a frame of the wearable computing device 202; however, the video camera 206 may be mounted at other positions as well.
FIG. 3 illustrates another example system for receiving, transmitting, and displaying data, in accordance with an embodiment. The system is shown in the form of a wearable computing device 302. The wearable computing device 302 may include side-arms 304, a center frame support 306, and a bridge portion with nosepiece 308. In the example shown in FIG. 3, the center frame support 306 connects the side-arms 304. The wearable computing device 302 does not include lens-frames containing lens elements. The wearable computing device 302 may additionally include an on-board computing system 310 and a video camera 312, which may be similar to those described above in connection with FIGS. 1A and 1B. Additionally, the wearable computing device 302 may include a button 314 that, for example, may include a multi-state button with multiple corresponding functions.
The wearable computing device 302 may include a single lens element 316 that may be coupled to one of the side-arms 304 or the center frame support 306. The lens element 316 may include a display, which may be similar to the display described above in connection with FIGS. 1A and 1B, and may be configured to overlay images and/or graphics (e.g., a user-interface, menus, etc.) upon the user's view of the physical world. In one example, the single lens element 316 may be coupled to a side of the extending side-arm 304. The single lens element 316 may be positioned in front of or proximate to a user's eye when the wearable computing device 302 is worn by a user. For example, the single lens element 316 may be positioned below the center frame support 306, as shown in FIG. 3.
In some examples, a wearable computing device (such as any of the wearable computing devices 102, 202, and 302 described above) may be configured to operate in a computer network structure. To this end, the wearable computing device may be configured to connect to one or more remote devices using a communication link or links.
As described above in connection with FIGS. 1-3, an example wearable computing device may include, or may otherwise be communicatively coupled to, a computing system, such as computing system 118, computing system 204, or computing system 310.
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of an example method 400 for providing audio information based on gaze information, in accordance with an embodiment. FIG. 5 illustrates an example implementation for providing audio information based on gaze information, in accordance with an embodiment, to illustrate the method 400. FIGS. 4 and 5 will be described together.
In addition, for the method 400 and other processes and methods disclosed herein, the flowchart shows functionality and operation of one possible implementation of present examples. In this regard, each block may represent a module, a segment, or a portion of program code, which includes one or more instructions executable by a processor for implementing specific logical functions or steps in the process. The program code may be stored on any type of computer readable medium or memory, for example, such as a storage device including a disk or hard drive. The computer readable medium may include a non-transitory computer readable medium, for example, such as computer-readable media that stores data for short periods of time like register memory, processor cache and Random Access Memory (RAM). The computer readable medium may also include non-transitory media or memory, such as secondary or persistent long term storage, like read only memory (ROM), optical or magnetic disks, compact-disc read only memory (CD-ROM), for example. The computer readable media may also be any other volatile or non-volatile storage systems. The computer readable medium may be considered a computer readable storage medium, a tangible storage device, or other article of manufacture, for example.
In addition, for the method 400 and other processes and methods disclosed herein, each block in FIG. 4 may represent circuitry that is wired to perform the specific logical functions in the process.
At block 402, the method 400 includes receiving, at a computing device, gaze information indicative of a wearer-view associated with the computing device. In an example, the computing device may include a wearable computing device, such as the wearable computing devices described in FIGS. 1A-3. In another example, the computing device may include a server or other remote device (e.g., mobile phone) in communication with the wearable computing device. In the description herein, the computing device may refer to the wearable computing device or the server in communication with the wearable computing device.
In an example, the computing device may be in communication with an eye-tracking system. The eye-tracking system may include hardware such as an infrared camera and at least one infrared light source. The infrared camera may be utilized by the eye-tracking system to capture images of an eye of a user. The images may include either video images or still images or both. The images obtained by the infrared camera regarding the eye of the user may help determine where the user may be looking within a given field of view, for instance, by ascertaining a location of an eye pupil of the user. As another example, the eye-tracking system may include a low power reflectivity sensor system that detects where the eye pupil may be pointing or gazing. The low power reflectivity sensor system may include an infrared (IR) light emitting diode (LED) and photo detector that may be directed at the eye pupil. When the eye pupil gazes at the IR LED, the amount of IR light reflected back to the photo detector may drop, for example. The computing device, thus, may be configured to receive gaze information from the eye-tracking system and to make a determination regarding a direction of a gaze of the user, also termed a gaze axis. The computing device, thus, may be configured to determine a wearer-view based on the gaze information; and further may be configured to cause an image-capture device (e.g., a camera) coupled to the computing device to capture an image or a video of the determined wearer-view.
In the example where the computing device includes the wearable computing device, the image or the video may be captured from a point-of-view (POV) of the wearable computing device by a forward-facing camera coupled to the wearable computing device, for example. In one example, the forward-facing camera may be coupled to a head-mounted display (HMD) coupled to the wearable computing device. In this example, the image or the video captured by the forward-facing camera may provide an indication of what the user of the wearable computing device or the HMD may be looking at.
At block 404, the method 400 includes determining, based on the gaze information, a video advertisement in a physical advertisement space in the wearer-view. FIG. 5 illustrates a user 502 wearing a wearable computing device 504 (e.g., any of the wearable computing devices described in FIGS. 1A-3). The wearable computing device 504 may be configured to receive gaze information indicative of a wearer-view 506 associated with the wearable computing device 504. The gaze information, for example, may include an image or a video of the wearer-view 506, captured by an image-capture device coupled to the wearable computing device 504. As an example, the image-capture device may include a camera such as the camera 120 in FIG. 1A, or the camera 206 in FIG. 2, or the camera 312 in FIG. 3 or any other image-capture device coupled to a respective wearable computing device.
In an example, based on the gaze information (e.g., the image or the video), the wearable computing device 504 may be configured to determine that the wearer-view 506 includes a video advertisement 508 displayed in a physical advertisement space 510. The physical advertisement space 510, for example, may include a billboard, an advertising screen in a mall, or any other configuration of physical advertising space where a given video advertisement is displayed.
In one example, the wearable computing device 504 may be configured to use image recognition techniques known in the art to identify the video advertisement 508 based on the gaze information (e.g., determine the video advertisement 508 depicted in the image or the video). In another example, the wearable computing device may be configured to communicate the gaze information through a network 512 (wired or wireless) to a server 514. In this example, the server 514 may be configured to receive the gaze information and may be configured to determine or identify the video advertisement 508 in the physical advertisement space 510, based on the gaze information.
In still another example, the wearable computing device 504 may be configured to process the gaze information and generate a visual search query based on the video advertisement 508. The visual search query, for example, may include the image or a query image extracted from the image or a query video extracted from the video included in the gaze information in addition to metadata associated with the video advertisement 508 (e.g., features, colors, categorization, product or entity advertised, etc.). The wearable computing device 504 may be configured to communicate the visual search query through the network 512 to the server 514; and, in response to receiving the visual search query, the server 514 may be configured to recognize or identify the video advertisement 508. As an example, the server 514 may be configured to access or be in communication with an advertisement database 516 that may include a repository of video advertisements. The advertisement database 516, for example, may index reference advertisements to compare the received gaze information and/or visual search query with stored information so as to identify the video advertisement 508. The server 514, thus, may be configured to communicate with the advertisement database 516, based on the gaze information and/or the visual search query, to determine the associated video advertisement 508.
Referring back to FIG. 4, at block 406, the method 400 includes determining an audio advertisement relating to the video advertisement. The video advertisement may be a portion of a media advertisement that also includes a corresponding audio advertisement. As an example, the video advertisement may include a video of a vehicle being advertised showing exterior and interior details of the vehicle; and, in this example, the audio advertisement may include an audio commentary that explains or defines the details in the video advertisement. The computing device may be configured to determine the audio advertisement relating to the determined video advertisement.
For example, in FIG. 5, the wearable computing device 504, upon receiving the gaze information and determining the video advertisement 508, may be configured to determine the audio advertisement corresponding to the video advertisement 508. In another example, the server 514, upon receiving the gaze information or the visual search query and determining the video advertisement 508, may be configured, through access or communication with the advertisement database 516, to determine the audio advertisement corresponding to the video advertisement 508.
Referring back to FIG. 4, at block 408, the method 400 includes causing the audio advertisement to be played at the computing device. Referring to FIG. 5, either the wearable computing device 504 or the server 514 may be configured to cause the audio advertisement to be played at the wearable computing device 504. In one example, the wearable computing device 504 may be configured to receive an audio file or an audio stream of the audio advertisement from the server 514 through the network 512; and may be configured to cause a software application to play the audio stream by executing instructions stored on a memory coupled to the wearable computing device 504, for example. In this example, the wearable computing device 504 may be configured to cause the audio stream to play through one or more speakers (e.g., the speaker 123 illustrated in FIG. 1B) that may be coupled to the wearable computing device 504.
In one example, the audio advertisement may be synchronized to the video advertisement 508. For example, the server 514 may be configured to send the audio advertisement and a starting point or starting time in the audio advertisement to start at which in order to be in synchrony with the video advertisement 508. In another example, the audio advertisement may not be synchronized to the video advertisement 508 and may start playing at a beginning of the audio advertisement. In still another example, the audio advertisement determined and caused to be played by the computing device may be a portion of a longer audio advertisement.
In an example, the computing device (i.e., either the wearable computing device 504 or the server 514) may be configured to determine, based on the gaze information, an amount of time during which the video advertisement 508 is gazed at. The computing device may be configured to compare the amount of time to a predetermined threshold time period and may be configured to cause the audio advertisement to be played at the computing device in response to determining that the amount of time exceeds the predetermined threshold time period, which may be indicative of the user 502 heeding or paying attention to the video advertisement 508 and being interested in hearing the audio advertisement relating to the video advertisement 508. In another example, the computing device may be configured to determine a focus metric, which may be a function of the amount of time during which the video advertisement is gazed at. The focus metric may be indicative of a level of focus or interest of the user 502 in the video advertisement 508. The computing device may be configured to cause the audio advertisement to be played at the computing device based on a comparison of the focus metric to a predetermined focus threshold.
In some examples, the computing device may be configured to determine, based on the gaze information, a change in the wearer-view 506. For example, the gaze information may indicate that the user 502 disregarded (e.g., looked away from) the video advertisement 508. Accordingly, the computing device may be configured to stop playing the audio advertisement. Further, based on the gaze information, the computing device may be configured to determine that the user 502 re-focused on the video advertisement 508 and, accordingly, may be configured to cause the audio advertisement to resume playing at the computing device.
In the examples described above, the video advertisement 508 is shown in the physical advertisement space 510, which can be a billboard or any screen that the<|fim_middle|>04 may be configured to generate a display of multiple content items on a head-mounted display (HMD) coupled to the wearable computing device 704. The wearable computing device 704 may be configured to receive gaze information from an eye-tracking system coupled to the wearable computing device 704 and determine which content item of the multiple content items is gazed at (e.g., through communication with the server). Further, the wearable computing device 704 may be configured to cause an associated audio stream to be played at the wearable computing device 704. The associated audio stream may or may not be synchronized to the content item. The computing device also may be configured to stop playing the associated audio stream upon receiving gaze information indicating that the user 702 may be gazing at another content item and may be configured to cause another audio stream corresponding to the other content item to be played instead.
FIG. 8 is a functional block diagram illustrating an example computing device 800 used in a computing system that is arranged in accordance with at least some embodiments described herein. The computing device may be a personal computer, mobile device, cellular phone, video game system, or global positioning system, and may be implemented as a client device, a server, a system, a combination thereof, or may be part of the wearable computing systems or head-mounted devices shown in FIGS. 1-3. Alternatively, the computing device 800 may be communicatively coupled to the head-mounted devices via a wired or wireless connection.
In a basic configuration 802, computing device 800 may include one or more processors 810 and system memory 820. A memory bus 830 can be used for communicating between the processor 810 and the system memory 820. Depending on the desired configuration, processor 810 can be of any type including but not limited to a microprocessor (μP), a microcontroller (μC), a digital signal processor (DSP), or any combination thereof. A memory controller 815 can also be used with the processor 810, or in some implementations, the memory controller 815 can be an internal part of the processor 810.
Depending on the desired configuration, the system memory 820 can be of any type including but not limited to volatile memory (such as RAM), non-volatile memory (such as ROM, flash memory, etc.) or any combination thereof. System memory 820 may include one or more applications 822, and program data 824. Application 822 may include audio information algorithm 823 that is arranged to provide inputs to the electronic circuits, in accordance with the present disclosure. Program Data 824 may include content information 825 that could be directed to any number of types of data. In some examples, application 822 can be arranged to operate with program data 824 on an operating system.
System memory 820 and storage devices 840 are examples of computer storage media. Computer storage media includes, but is not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, digital versatile disks (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium which can be used to store the desired information and which can be accessed by the computing device 800. Any such computer storage media can be part of the computing device 800.
The computing device 800 can also include output interfaces 850 that may include a graphics processing unit 852, which can be configured to communicate to various external devices such as display devices 860 or speakers via one or more A/V ports 854 or a communication interface 870. The communication interface 870 may include a network controller 872, which can be arranged to facilitate communications with one or more other computing devices 880 and one or more sensors 882 over a network communication via one or more communication ports 874. The one or more sensors 882 are shown external to the computing device 800, but may also be internal to the device. Communication media may be embodied by computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data in a modulated data signal, such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism, and includes any information delivery media. A modulated data signal can be a signal that has one or more of its characteristics set or changed in such a manner as to encode information in the signal. By way of example, and not limitation, communication media can include wired media such as a wired network or direct-wired connection, and wireless media such as acoustic, radio frequency (RF), infrared (IR) and other wireless media.
In some embodiments, the disclosed methods may be implemented as computer program instructions encoded on a computer-readable storage media in a machine-readable format, or on other non-transitory media or articles of manufacture. FIG. 9 is a schematic illustrating a conceptual partial view of an example computer program product 900 that includes a computer program for executing a computer process on a computing device, arranged according to at least some embodiments presented herein. In one embodiment, the example computer program product 900 is provided using a signal bearing medium 901. The signal bearing medium 901 may include one or more program instructions 902 that, when executed by one or more processors may provide functionality or portions of the functionality described above with respect to FIGS. 1-8. Thus, for example, referring to the embodiments shown in FIGS. 4 and 6, one or more features of blocks 402-408 and blocks 602-608 may be undertaken by one or more instructions associated with the signal bearing medium 901. In addition, the program instructions 902 in FIG. 9 describe example instructions as well.
In some examples, the signal bearing medium 901 may encompass a computer-readable medium 903, such as, but not limited to, a hard disk drive, a Compact Disc (CD), a Digital Video Disk (DVD), a digital tape, memory, etc. In some implementations, the signal bearing medium 901 may encompass a computer recordable medium 904, such as, but not limited to, memory, read/write (R/W) CDs, R/W DVDs, etc. In some implementations, the signal bearing medium 901 may encompass a communications medium 905, such as, but not limited to, a digital and/or an analog communication medium (e.g., a fiber optic cable, a waveguide, a wired communications link, a wireless communication link, etc.). Thus, for example, the signal bearing medium 901 may be conveyed by a wireless form of the communications medium 905 (e.g., a wireless communications medium conforming to the IEEE 802.11 standard or other transmission protocol).
The one or more programming instructions 902 may be, for example, computer executable and/or logic implemented instructions. In some examples, a computing device such as the computing device 800 of FIG. 8 may be configured to provide various operations, functions, or actions in response to the programming instructions 902 conveyed to the computing device 800 by one or more of the computer readable medium 903, the computer recordable medium 904, and/or the communications medium 905. It should be understood that arrangements described herein are for purposes of example only. As such, those skilled in the art will appreciate that other arrangements and other elements (e.g. machines, interfaces, functions, orders, and groupings of functions, etc.) can be used instead, and some elements may be omitted altogether according to the desired results. Further, many of the elements that are described are functional entities that may be implemented as discrete or distributed components or in conjunction with other components, in any suitable combination and location.
causing the audio advertisement to be played at the wearable computing device.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein causing the audio advertisement to be played at the wearable computing device comprises causing the audio advertisement to be played at the wearable computing device in response to determining that the amount of time exceeds a predetermined threshold time period.
causing the audio advertisement to resume playing in response to determining that the view direction has changed back to correspond to the location at which video advertisement is playing.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein receiving the gaze information comprises receiving information relating to a gaze axis from an eye-tracking system coupled to the wearable computing device, wherein the data indicating the view direction is based on the gaze axis.
5. The method of claim 4, further comprising determining the wearer-view based on the gaze axis.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the audio advertisement is synchronized to the video advertisement playing in the physical advertisement space.
cause an audio stream associated with the audio information to be played at the computing device.
cause the audio stream to stop playing.
9. The system of claim 8, wherein the computing device is further configured to cause the audio stream to resume playing in response to determining that the view direction has changed back to correspond to the location at which the animated content is playing.
determine the view direction based on the determined gaze axis.
11. The system of claim 10, wherein the image or the video are captured for the determined wearer-view.
12. The system of claim 7, wherein the audio stream is synchronized to the animated content.
cause a respective audio stream relating to the respective item to be played at the computing device.
cause a given audio stream relating to the given item to be played at the computing device.
cause a respective audio stream to be played at the computing device.
16. The system of claim 7, wherein the animated content comprises one or more of a video, an interactive media element, a game, an advertisement, and a graphical user-interface.
causing the audio advertisement to be played at the wearable computing device based on a comparison of the focus metric to a predetermined focus threshold.
Starner, Thad; "The Challenges of Wearable Computing: Part 1"; Georgia Institute of Technology; IEEE; Jul.-Aug. 2001.
Starner, Thad; "The Challenges of Wearable Computing: Part 2"; Georgia Institute of Technology; IEEE; Jul.-Aug. 2001.
Unpublished U.S. Appl. No. 13/292,893, filed Nov. 9, 2011 entitled "Valuing Advertisement Space Based on Gaze Data".
Unpublished U.S. Appl. No. 13/292,898, filed Nov. 9, 2011 entitled "Marketplace for Advertising Space Using Gaze-Data Valuation".
Unpublished U.S. Appl. No. 13/292,904, filed Nov. 9, 2011 entitled "Real-Time Targeting of Advertisements Based on Gaze-Direction".
Unpublished U.S. Appl. No. 13/292,909, filed Nov. 9, 2011 entitled "Individualized Gaze Valuation Based on Gaze Data".
Unpublished U.S. Appl. No. 13/419,783, filed Mar. 14, 2012 entitled "Distributing Advertisements in a Wearable Display".
Unpublished U.S. Appl. No. 13/428,964, filed Mar. 23, 2012 entitled "Gaze-Data Based Targeting of Advertising in Wearable Display".
Unpublished U.S. Appl. No. 13/428,979, filed Mar. 23, 2012 entitled "Feedback to Inform of Learnt Advertising Preferences".
Unpublished U.S. Appl. No. 13/428,991, filed Mar. 23, 2012 entitled "Placement of Advertisements in See-Through Display of a Head-Mountable Device".
Unpublished U.S. Appl. No. 13/474,970, filed May 18, 2012 entitled "Real-Time Trading of Gaze-Based Advertisement Opportunities".
Unpublished U.S. Appl. No. 13/478,218, filed May 23, 2012 entitled "Removal of Biometric Data from Gaze Data". | user 502 may be looking at. Alternatively or additionally, the computing device may be configured to cause a video portion of an advertisement to be displayed in an advertisement space on a head-mounted display (HMD) coupled to the computing device. The computing device may be configured to receive gaze information from an eye-tracking system coupled to the computing device and determine that that the video portion is gazed at. Further, the computing device may be configured to cause an audio portion of the advertisement to be played at the computing device.
FIG. 6 is a flowchart of another example method for providing audio information based on gaze information, in accordance with an embodiment. FIG. 7 illustrates aspects of example implementations for providing audio information based on gaze information, in accordance with an embodiment, to illustrate the method 600. FIGS. 6 and 7 will be described together.
The method 600 may include one or more operations, functions, or actions as illustrated by one or more of blocks 602-608. Although the blocks are illustrated in a sequential order, these blocks may in some instances be performed in parallel, and/or in a different order than those described herein. Also, the various blocks may be combined into fewer blocks, divided into additional blocks, and/or removed based upon the desired implementation.
At block 602, the method 600 includes receiving at a computing device, from an eye-tracking system, gaze information indicative of a wearer-view associated with the computing device. In an example, the computing device may include a wearable computing device, such as the wearable computing devices described in FIGS. 1A-3. In another example, the computing device may include a server in communication with the wearable computing device. In the description herein, the computing device may refer to the wearable computing device or the server in communication with the wearable computing device.
The computing device may be coupled to an eye-tracking system. The computing device may be configured to determine a wearer-view based on gaze information received from the eye-tracking system and may be configured to cause an image-capture device coupled to the computing device to capture an image or a video of the determined wearer-view.
In the example where the computing device includes the wearable computing device, the image or the video may be captured from a point-of-view (POV) of the wearable computing device by a forward-facing camera coupled to the wearable computing device. In one example, the forward-facing camera may be coupled to a head-mounted display (HMD) coupled to the wearable computing device. In this example, the image or the video captured by the forward-facing camera may provide an indication of what a user of the wearable computing device or the HMD may be looking at or tracking with the user's eyes.
FIG. 7 illustrates a user 702 wearing a wearable computing device 704. The wearable computing device 704 may be configured to receive gaze information indicative of a wearer-view associated with the wearable computing device 704. The gaze information, for example, may include an image or a video captured by an image-capture device coupled to the wearable computing device 704. As an example, the image-capture device may include the camera 120 in FIG. 1A, or the camera 206 in FIG. 2, or the camera 312 in FIG. 3 or any other image-capture device coupled to a respective wearable computing device.
Referring back to FIG. 6, at block 604, the method 600 includes determining, based on the gaze information, content depicted on a display device in the wearer-view. For example, in FIG. 7, based on the gaze information (e.g., the image or the video), the wearable computing device 704 may be configured to determine that the wearer-view includes content depicted on a display device in the wearer-view. The display device may include any type of display devices depending on an environment of the user 702. In FIG. 7, different types of display devices are illustrated including an advertisement screen 706, an overhead projector screen 708 having multiple content items 709A-C projected on the overhead projector screen 708, a terminal screen 710, a laptop 712 used by an operator 713, a personal digital assistant (PDA) 714, an appliance 716 including a display device 717, a personal computer 718, and a stack of screens (e.g., televisions) 720. These types are shown for illustration only. Other types of display devices with displayed content can be used. All or a subset of these display devices may exist at a given location where the user 702 may be.
The wearable computing device 704 may be configured to determine, based on the gaze information, the wearer-view (e.g., where the user 702 may be gazing at) and determine respective content displayed on a respective display device in the determined wearer-view.
In one example, the wearable computing device 704 may be configured use image recognition techniques known in the art to determine the respective content depicted on the respective display device. In another example, the wearable computing device 704 may be configured to communicate the gaze information and/or a visual search query associated with the respective content through a network (e.g., the internet) to a server. In this example, the server may be configured to receive the gaze information (e.g., the image or the video) and/or the visual search query and may be configured to determine the respective content.
The content may include, for example, a video, an interactive media element (e.g., a webpage or an animation), a game, an advertisement, a graphic user-interface (e.g., user-interface of a software for playing music), or any other type of content.
Referring back to FIG. 6, at block 606, the method 600 includes determining audio information relating to the content. For example, in FIG. 7, the wearable computing device 704, upon receiving the gaze information and determining the content, may be configured to determine audio information (e.g., audio stream) corresponding to the content displayed. In another example, the server in communication with the wearable computing device 704, upon receiving the gaze information or the visual search query and determining the content, may be configured, through access or communication with a database, to determine the audio information corresponding to the content displayed. For example, if the content includes a game displayed on the laptop 712 in FIG. 7, the audio information may include voice commentary that explains the game or music that accompanies the game. In this example, the operator 713 may have a choice to register the laptop 712 to opt in or out to allow or prevent the user 702 from accessing the audio information.
In another example, the content may be programming instructions displayed on the appliance 716, and the audio information may include music or audio instructions that accompany the programming instructions. In still another example, the content may include a graphic user-interface of software application for playing music, and the audio information may include the music or a song playing at the display device in the wearer view. These examples are for illustrations only. Other examples of content displayed on a given display device having an accompanying audio are possible.
In addition, the computing device may be configured to determine other relevant audio information such as a timestamp indicative of a current time position in the content displayed and a time position of an accompanying audio stream corresponding to the current time position in the content, for example.
Referring back to FIG. 6, at block 608, the method 600 includes causing an audio stream associated with the audio information to be played at the computing device. As an example, one or more speakers (e.g., the speaker 123 illustrated in FIG. 1B) may be coupled to the computing device, and the computing device may be configured to cause the audio stream to be played through the speakers.
In FIG. 7, either the wearable computing device 704 or the server in communication with the wearable computing device 704 may be configured to cause the audio stream to be played at the wearable computing device 704. In one example, the wearable computing device 704 may be configured to receive an audio file or an audio stream from the server through the network and may be configured to cause a software application configured to play the audio file by executing instructions stored on a memory coupled to the wearable computing device 704, for example.
In an example, the audio stream may be synchronized to the content. For example, the computing device may be configured to cause the audio stream to be played starting at the time position (i.e., the time position determined, as part of the audio information, to correspond to the current time position in the content displayed) to be in synchrony with the content. In another example, the audio stream may not be synchronized to the content and may start playing at a beginning of the audio stream. In still another example, the audio stream determined and caused to be played by the computing device may be a portion of a longer audio stream.
To determine which display device or content is gazed at or focused on and cause a corresponding audio stream to be played, the computing device (i.e., either the wearable computing device 704 or the server in communication with the wearable computing device 704) may be configured to determine, based on the gaze information, a focus metric that may be a function of an amount of time during which the content is gaze at. The computing device may be configured to cause the audio stream to be played at the computing device based on a comparison of the focus metric to a predetermined focus threshold.
In an example, the computing device (i.e., either the wearable computing device 704 or the server in communication with the wearable computing device 704) may be configured to determine, based on the gaze information, a change in the wearer-view. For example, the gaze information may indicate that the user 702 disregarded (e.g., looked away from) a respective content displayed on a respective display device of the display devices 706, 708, 710, 712, 714, 716, 718, and 720. Accordingly, the computing device may be configured to stop playing the audio stream. Further, based on the gaze information, the computing device may be configured to determine that the user 702 re-focused on the respective content and, accordingly, may be configured to cause the audio stream to resume playing at the computing device. The audio stream may or may not be caused to resume playing in synchrony with the respective content.
In another example, the computing device may be configured to determine, based on the gaze information, a change in the wearer-view indicating that a first content on a first display device (e.g., the terminal screen 710) is disregarded and that a second content displayed on a second display device (e.g., the PDA 714) is focused on. Accordingly, the computing device may be configured to cause a first audio stream associated with the first content to stop playing and cause a second audio stream relating to the second content displayed on the second display device to be played.
In still another example, the wearer-view may include multiple display devices. In this example, the computing device may be configured to choose a respective display device and respective content on which the user 702 gazes the longest. In another example, the user 702 may walk into a room including multiple display devices and may scan around the room (e.g., through head motion) to capture the display devices within a number of wearer-views. In this example, the computing device may be configured to identify the display devices and provide a listing of the display devices to the user 702 and cause an audio stream to play based on receiving a selection of one of the display devices or respective display contents from the user 702.
In yet another example, the content may comprise multiple items displayed on the display device. For example, multiple content items including a video 709A, a graphic user-interface 709B, and a game 709C may be displayed on the overhead projector screen 708 (or any other display device). The computing device (i.e., either the wearable computing device 704 or the server in communication with the wearable computing device 704) may be configured to determine, based on the gaze information, that a first content item of the multiple items 709A-C is gaze at and cause an associated first audio stream to be played at the wearable computing device 704. Further, the computing device may be configured to determine, based on the gaze information, a change in the wearer-view indicating that the first content item is disregarded and that a second content item is gazed at. Accordingly, the computing device may be configured to cause a second audio stream associated with the second content item to be played at the computing device. Similarly, with respect to the stack of screens 720, the computing device may be configured to determine which screen of the stack of screens 720 is gazed at and cause an associated audio stream to be played at the wearable computing device 704.
In yet still another example, the computing device (i.e., either the wearable computing device 704 or the server in communication with the wearable computing device 704) may be configured to determine a type of a given display device (e.g., through image recognition, or manufacturer name on the device, etc.) to further help determine types of content that the given display device can display. For example, a television screen (e.g., of the stack of screens 720) may display a television series, movie or commercial but may not display a software application. However, content displayed on the PDA 714, for example, may include a software application.
In these examples, operators or owners of the display devices will have a choice to register the respective display device to opt in or out to allow or prevent the user 702 from accessing the audio information.
In the examples described above, the content is displayed on display devices away from the user 702. In an example, the wearable computing device 7 | 3,039 |
For the past 30 years at Celebrated Occasions, it's been our goal to give every bride an invitation that expresses her personal style, creativity and one that sets the tone for her very special day. We provide professional guidance and etiquette assistance with every order. Whether it's done on-line, or in person, we are here to help. We have one of the largest selections of invitations and accessories in Springfield and carry a nice selection of invitations in house to print for Showers, Luncheons, Girls Night Out, Rehearsal Dinners and much more. With invitations available by the each, there is no order too big or too small. In addition to a store filled with accessories, we do custom orders in your colors, at no extra charge. Your wedding invitation sets the tone for your wedding and it's the very first glimpse your guests will have into your wedding day. What kind of reaction do you hope to elicit when your guests receive your invitation? Make a great first impression with our calligraphy envelope addressing services.
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Lori knows her invitations. She has so many choices and you can order online or you can book an appointment and she will help you with your invitations. She can take care of Save The Dates, Wedding Invitations (from simple to exquisite), Napkins, All of your Wedding Accessories. She's awesome and will even address all of your invitations (that is a huge relief for most brides). Make sure you check her out. | through some changes she suggested I make on my order. Her suggestions were helpful and ensured that the save the dates would be perfect for my wedding. Throughout the process, she has kept me updated and sent me the changes as they were made to my order. I also had some confusion on my part, and she was more than willing to help me with that as well. I totally recommend Celebrated Occasions!
Thank you so much Katie!! Whether my clients order through my website or in person they are all important to me. As you know I review orders submitted through my website to | 116 |
Flashback: The Hive Dwellers at 92YTribeca, New York City (17 April 2009)
Calvin Johnson is many things: founder of K Records, twee patron saint, notorious baritone… and spastic dance machine? Yes, Calvin Johnson's dance moves were front and center at 92YTribeca, where he unveiled his latest project, The Hive Dwellers. Fusing the stark ...
Saturday Looks Good To Me
Okay, I'll just get it out of the way, I like Saturday Looks Good To Me. Anyone that likes Belle & Sebastian and Saves the Day will probably like them by association. Saturday Looks Good To Me is back. Their new album, One Kiss Ends It All, just came out last Tuesday ...
New York's Kate G (not to be confused with our Kate & Lara) went to see Calvin Johnson (of famed K Records) in his then-new projected called The Hive Dwellers.
We're actually big fans of K Recs, so this<|fim_middle|>napper
04/25/09 Buffalo, New York. Soundlab
04/26/09 Brooklyn, New York. Market
04/27/09 Philadelphia, PA Barbary
04/28/09 Baltimore, MD Talking Head Club
04/29/09 Washington, DC. Comet Pizza
04/30/09 Akron, Ohio. Musica
05/01/09 Detroit, MI UFO Factory
05/02/09 Chicago, IL Co-Prosperity Sphere - VERSION FEST
05/03/09 Grand Rapids, MI DAAC *
05/04/09 Chicago, IL Ronny's Bar - *
05/05/09 Minneapolis, MN Eclipse Recs*
05/06/09 Iowa City, IA Public Space *
05/06/09 Indianapolis, IN
05/08/09 Louisville , KY. Skull Alley
05/09/09 Greensboro, North Carolina. UNC - Greensboro Campus
05/10/09 Athens, GA Secret Squirrel
05/11/09 Atlanta, GA Drunken Unicorn
05/12/09 Huntsville, AL Vertical House Recs
05/14/09 New Orleans, LA Spellcaster
05/15/09 Scott, LA Bourque's Social Club
05/16/09 Austin, Texas. Emo's
05/17/09 Denton, Texas. Hailey's Club
05/19/09 Santa Fe, NM Warehouse 21
05/20/09 Tucson, Az Solar Culture
05/21/09 Isla Vista, CA Biko's Garage
05/22/09 Los Angeles, CA Smell
05/23/09 San Francisco, CA Parkside
05/24/09 Oakland, CA Ghost Town Gallery
05/25/09 Santa Cruz, CA Crepe Place
05/27/09 Eureka, CA Accident Gallery
05/28/09 Portland, Oregon. Rotture
05/29/09 Seattle, WA The Vera Project
05/30/09 Vancouver, British Columbia. little mountain studios - 195 E.26TH AVENUE
05/31/09 Anacortes, WA Dept of Safety
06/01/09 Olympia, Washington. Northern - 321 4th Ave.
K Records
Calvin Johnson announces his tour dates with fellow K Records artist, Mahjongg. I did check out ...
Saturday Looks Good to Me - The Girl's Distracted
04/18/2009 12:00:56 ♥ kateg ( ) ♥ krecs.com ♥ slgtm.com
Posted at 12:05 PM in Calvin Johnson, City Center, K Records, Kateg, New York City, Saturday Looks Good To Me, The Hive Dwellers | Permalink | Comments (0) | was a great opportunity to talk about the label and its founder.
Calvin Johnson is many things: founder of K Records, twee patron saint, notorious baritone… and spastic dance machine?
Yes, Calvin Johnson's dance moves were front and center at 92YTribeca, where he unveiled his latest project, The Hive Dwellers. Fusing the stark catchiness of his influential band, Beat Happening, and the rock sensibility of his other influential band, The Halo Benders, The Hive Dwellers put on a hypnotizing set Friday night before a crowd of K Recs disciples and cardigan-clad pop fans. (Of which I admit to being both, but I refused to wear a cardigan to this gig. Too easy.)
Fred Thomas, of Saturday Looked Good to Me, opened as City Center: a one-man outfit with a microphone and a synthesizer. The mostly instrumental set was largely ignored by the audience, who seemed to be more concerned with the impending presence of Calvin and the tiny hope that he might play "Indian Summer," the twee-equivalent to "Knocking on Heaven's Door." (He did not.)
Half an hour later, Calvin appeared, wearing his familiar uniform of a too-tight, too-small shirt. As this was the Hive Dwellers debut performance, none of the songs had titles yet, but this was of little concern to audience, who were too enthralled by Calvin's erratic dancing to notice.
Compared to Calvin's past work, The Hive Dwellers are much more fleshed out, with a bass player, synthesizer/keyboard, guitars, and City Center Fred on drums. Not to mention the mouth organ, acoustic guitar, and maracas Calvin occasionally whipped out between dance moves. As always, Calvin's deep baritone was impossible to ignore as he rhapsodized about sitting alone in movie theaters and building pinewood coffins – typical subject matter in his case. He continued to charm the audience with his sardonic stage banter, in which he compared Manhattan to the Vatican and extolled the virtues of midriff-bearing t-shirts.
The Hive Dwellers ended on an exceptionally high note, finally plugging in the electric guitar that had been sitting in the corner throughout the whole show. (Too bad it also drowned out most of the vocals.) Though Calvin's lyrics were unintelligible, his enthusiasm was evident –of course—through his frantic dancing.
Surprisingly, they were not the last act of the night. That honor went to Ian Svenonius' latest project, Chain and the Gang. Unfortunately I had a midnight birthday party to attend and had to opt out of seeing them. Despite this, I left happy. I had just witnessed Calvin Johnson do suggestive things to a pair of maracas. What more could I want?
Posted at 12:00 AM in Calvin Johnson, Flashback, Kate G, New York, New York City, The Hive Dwellers | Permalink | Comments (0)
The Hive Dwellers, City Center at 92YTribeca, New York City (4/17/09)
Calvin Johnson - I'm Down
"Tummy Hop", "I'm Down", "Can We Kiss", and more from K Records
04/19/09 Providence, RI. AS220
04/20/09 Annandale, NY. Bard College
04/21/09 Danbury, CT. Heirloom Arts
04/22/09 Montreal, Quebec. Lab Synthese
04/23/09 Hamilton, Ontario. Casbah
04/24/09 Toronto, On. Whippers | 770 |
Heather and David Restituto '92 p.'21 Sponsor Embrace the World
Aug 15, 2018 April 4, 2019
David Restituto '92 and his wife, Heather, parents of Gio '21 are the owners of Factory Donuts, specializing in fresh made-to-order donuts in Philadelphia. Embrace the World, a dinner dance and auction, takes place on October 20 from 6:00-11:00 p.m. in the Fitness and Athletics Center. (Photo by Alyson Cittadino)
David Restituto '92 and his wife, Heather,<|fim_middle|> George School with a donut wall—an entire wall decorated in specialty donuts—during the Embrace the World celebration at 6:00 p.m. on October 20. The evening will celebrate 125 years of education, service, and community. Held in the Fitness and Athletics Center, the event includes dinner, dancing, and a silent and live auction. All proceeds will support tuition assistance and faculty development at George School.
Sponsorship opportunities are still available for Embrace the World. If you are interested in learning more please visit, www.georgeschool.org/embracetheworld. | parents of Gio '21 are the owners of Factory Donuts, specializing in fresh made-to-order donuts in Philadelphia. The donut shop combines Heather's passion for baking, with their shared interest in entrepreneurship. The couple recently announced plans to open a second store in Newtown this fall.
David and Heather are also passionate about giving back to their community. Over the years they have supported a number of programs at George School as well as local charities. Most recently they donated goods for fundraisers and events on campus including dozens of donuts to support the Great Green Give, George School's day of giving, and a fundraiser to benefit this year's Nicaragua service trip. "We are so appreciative of the values that George School, instilled not only in David, but also for our son," said Heather. "I love contributing and it gives me a chance to be a part of the George School community as well."
"I was so grateful for the Restituto's generosity for the Great Green Give. Their contribution helped keep our phone-a-thon callers energized and we had so many, that students throughout campus enjoyed their delicious donuts that day," said Meg Peake '03, director of the George School Fund.
This fall, Factory Donuts will once again contribute to | 257 |
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The Little Ice Age: How Climate Made History 1300-1850
Teaser: By Brian J. Fagan, Basic Books, 2001, Hardcover, 272 pages, $26.00
Image: /sites/default/files/thelittleiceage.jpg
Darkness in El Dorado
How Science and Journalists Dev<|fim_middle|>51003408; (March 23, 1998), List Price: $27.00 | astated the Amazon
Teaser: By Patrick Tierney, Photographs by Valdir Cruz, W. W. Norton & Co., 2000, Hardcover, 440 pages, 35 photographs, $27.95
Image: /sites/default/files/darknessineldorado.jpg
The Triumph of Evolution
Teaser: By Niles Eldredge, Paperback: 224 pages; Dimensions (in inches): 0.60 x 8.74 x 5.55; illustrations: 3 b/w, Publisher: W H Freeman & Co; ISBN: 0716744783; (May 2001), List Price: $14.95
Lucy: The Beginnings of Humankind
Teaser: By Donald Johanson and Maitland Edey, Paperback: ; Dimensions (in inches): 1.25 x 9.25 x 6.14; illustrations: 15 color, 81 b/w, Publisher: Touchstone Books; ISBN: 0671724991; Reissue edition (September 1990), List Price: $15.00
The Last Neanderthal
The Rise, Success, and Mysterious Extinction of Our Closest Human Relatives
Teaser: By Ian Tattersall, Paperback: 208 pages; Dimensions (in inches): 0.56 x 11.51 x 8.78; illustrations: 143 color, Publisher: Westview Press; ISBN: 0813336759; Revised edition (December 1999), List Price: $25.00
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From Lucy to Language
Teaser: By Donald Johanson and Blake Edgar, Hardcover: 272 pages; Dimensions (in inches): 1.13 x 12.18 x 10.34; Illustrations: 177 color, Publisher: Simon & Schuster; ISBN: 0684810239; (November 1996), List Price: $60.00
Extinct Humans
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Teaser: By Ian Tattersall and Jeffrey Schwartz, Paperback: 256 pages; Dimensions (in inches): 0.78 x 10.00 x 8.03; illustrations: 124 color and b/w, Publisher: Westview Press; ISBN: 0813339189; (December 2001), List Price: $30.00
The Dawn of Human Culture
Teaser: By Richard Klein with Blake Edgar Hardcover: 288 pages; Dimensions (in inches): 0.98 x 9.46 x 6.44; illustrations: 62 b/w, Publisher: John Wiley & Sons; ISBN: 0471252522; 1st edition (March 29, 2002), List Price: $27.95
Teaser: By Ian Tattersall, Paperback: 272 pages; Dimensions (in inches): 0.76 x 7.94 x 5.29; illustrations: 2 b/w, Publisher: Harvest Books; ISBN: 0156006537; (July 1999), List Price: $14.00
Hardcover: 272 pages; Dimensions (in inches): 1.12 x 9.34 x 6.31; illustrations: 2 b/w, Publisher: Harcourt Brace; ISBN: 01 | 833 |
Runinskrift U 376 är en av två runstenar som nu står vid Vidbo kyrka, Vidbo socken och Sigtuna kommun i Uppland. Den andra runstenen är U 375.
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Stenen står omnämnd i Johan Peringskiölds skrifter redan på 1600-talet och uppges då vara omkullfallen på Vid<|fim_middle|>bo socken: U 375, U 377, U 378
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Runinskrifter i Sigtuna kommun | bo kyrkogård. Den skulle senare användas som tröskel framför en av kyrkans magasinsbodar och finns bland annat beskriven i Kyrkoinventariet 1829. Vid en okänd tidpunkt restes den på sin nuvarande plats utanför kyrkogården.
Ristningen som är signerad av Sten är hans enda, kända runsten. Det är dock möjligt att han även ristat andra runstenar i området, däribland U 378. Den från runor translittererade och översatta inskriften lyder enligt nedan:
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\section*{Introduction}
$\mathcal{N}=1$ flux compactifications of eleven-dimensional supergravity on
eight-manifolds $M$ down to $\mathrm{AdS}_3$ spaces \cite{MartelliSparks,
Tsimpis} provide a vast extension of the better studied class of
compactifications down to 3-dimensional Minkowski space \cite{Becker1,
Becker2, Constantin}, having the advantage that they are already
consistent at the classical level \cite{MartelliSparks}. They form a
useful testing ground for various proposals aimed at providing unified
descriptions of flux backgrounds \cite{Grana} and may be relevant to
recent attempts to gain a better understanding of F-theory
\cite{Bonetti}. When the internal part $\xi$ of the supersymmetry
generator is everywhere non-chiral, such backgrounds can be studied
\cite{g2} using foliations endowed with longitudinal $G_2$ structures,
an approach which permits a geometric description of the supersymmetry
conditions while providing powerful tools for studying the topology of
such backgrounds.
In this paper, we extend the results of \cite{g2} to the general case
when the internal part $\xi$ of the supersymmetry generator is allowed
to become chiral on some locus $\mathcal{W}\subset M$. Assuming that $\mathcal{W}\neq
M$, i.e. that $\xi$ is not everywhere chiral, we show that, at the
classical level, the Einstein equations imply that the chiral locus
$\mathcal{W}$ must be a set with empty interior, which therefore is negligible
with respect to the Lebesgue measure of the internal space. As a
consequence, the behavior of geometric data along this locus can be
obtained from the non-chiral locus $\mathcal{U}\stackrel{{\rm def.}}{=} M\setminus \mathcal{W}$ through
a limiting process. The geometric information along the non-chiral
locus $\mathcal{U}$ is encoded \cite{g2} by a regular foliation $\mathcal{F}$ which
carries a longitudinal $G_2$ structure and whose geometry is
determined by the supersymmetry conditions in terms of the
supergravity four-form field strength. When $\emptyset \neq
\mathcal{W}\subsetneq M$, we show that $\mathcal{F}$ extends to a singular foliation
$\bar{\mathcal{F}}$ of the whole manifold $M$ by adding leaves which are
allowed to have singularities at points belonging to $\mathcal{W}$. This
singular foliation ``integrates'' a cosmooth\footnote{Note that
$\mathcal{D}$ is {\em not} a singular distribution in the sense of
Stefan-Sussmann \cite{Stefan, Sussmann} (it is cosmooth rather than
smooth). See Appendix \ref{app:gendist}.} \cite{BulloLewis, Drager, Michor, Ratiu}
singular distribution $\mathcal{D}$ (a.k.a. generalized sub-bundle of $TM$),
defined as the kernel distribution of a closed one-form ${\boldsymbol{\omega}}$
which belongs to a cohomology class $\mathfrak{f}\in H^1(M,\mathbb{R})$ determined by
the supergravity four-form field strength. The set of zeroes of
${\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ coincides with the chiral locus $\mathcal{W}$. In the most general
case, $\bar{\mathcal{F}}$ can be viewed as a Haefliger structure
\cite{Haefliger} on $M$. The singular foliation $\bar{\mathcal{F}}$ carries a
longitudinal $G_2$ structure, which is allowed to degenerate at the
singular points of singular leaves. On the non-chiral locus $\mathcal{U}$,
the problem can be studied using the approach of \cite{g2} or the
approach advocated in \cite{Tsimpis}, which makes use of two
$\mathrm{Spin}(7)_\pm$ structures. We show explicitly how one can translate
between these two approaches and prove that the results of \cite{g2}
agree with those of \cite{Tsimpis} along this locus.
While the topology of singular foliations defined by a closed one-form
can be extremely complicated in general, the situation is better
understood in the case when ${\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ is a Morse one-form. The Morse
case is generic in the sense that such 1-forms constitute an open and
dense subset of the set of all closed one-forms belonging to the
cohomology class $\mathfrak{f}$. In the Morse case, the singular foliation
$\bar{\mathcal{F}}$ can be described using the {\em foliation graph}
\cite{MelnikovaThesis, MelnikovaGraph, FKL} associated to the
corresponding decomposition of $M$ (see \cite{Melnikova2, Melnikova3,
FKL} and \cite{Gelbukh1}--\cite{Gelbukh9}), which provides a
combinatorial way to encode some important aspects of the foliation's
topology --- up to neglecting the information contained in the
so-called {\em minimal components} of the decomposition, components
which should possess an as yet unexplored non-commutative geometric
description. This provides a far-reaching extension of the picture
found in \cite{g2} for the everywhere non-chiral case $\mathcal{U}=M$, a case
which corresponds to the situation when the foliation graph is reduced
to either a circle (when $\mathcal{F}$ has compact leaves, being a fibration
over $S^1$) or to a single so-called exceptional vertex (when $\mathcal{F}$
has non-compact dense leaves, being a minimal foliation). In the
minimal case of the backgrounds considered \cite{g2}, the exceptional
vertex corresponds to a noncommutative torus which encodes the
noncommutative geometry \cite{ConnesFol, ConnesNG} of the leaf space.
The paper is organized as follows. Section 1 gives a brief review of
the class of compactifications we consider, in order to fix notations
and conventions. Section 2 discusses a geometric characterization of
Majorana spinors $\xi$ on $M$ which is inspired by the rigorous
approach developed in \cite{ga1,ga2, gf} for the method of bilinears
\cite{Tod}, in the case when the spinor $\xi$ is allowed to be chiral
at some loci. It also gives the K\"{a}hler-Atiyah~ parameterizations of this spinor
which correspond to the approach of \cite{g2} and to that of
\cite{Tsimpis} and describes the relevant $G$-structures using both
spinors and idempotents in the K\"{a}hler-Atiyah~ algebra of $M$. In the same
section, we give the general description of the singular foliation
$\bar{\mathcal{F}}$ as the Haefliger structure defined by the closed one-form
${\boldsymbol{\omega}}$. Section 3 describes the relation between the $G_2$ and
$\mathrm{Spin}(7)_\pm$ parameterizations of the fluxes as well as the relation
between the torsion classes of the leafwise $G_2$ structure and the
Lee form and characteristic torsion of the $\mathrm{Spin}(7)_\pm$ structures
defined on the non-chiral locus. The same section gives the comparison
of the approach of \cite{g2} with that of \cite{Tsimpis} along that
locus. Section 4 discusses the topology of the singular foliation
$\bar{\mathcal{F}}$ in the Morse case while Section 5 concludes. The
appendices contain various technical details.
\paragraph{Notations and conventions. }
Throughout this paper, $M$ denotes an oriented, connected and compact
smooth manifold (which will mostly be of dimension eight), whose
unital commutative $\mathbb{R}$-algebra of smooth real-valued functions we
denote by $\Omega^0(M)={{\cal \mathcal{C}}^\infty(M,\mathbb{R})}$. Given a subset $A$ of $M$, we let
${\bar A}$ denote the closure of $A$ in $M$ (taken with respect to the
manifold topology of $M$). The {\em large topological frontier} (also
called {\em topological boundary}) of $A$ is defined as $\mathrm{Fr}(A)\stackrel{{\rm def.}}{=}
{\bar A}\setminus \mathrm{Int}(A)$, where $\mathrm{Int}(A)$ denotes the interior of
$A$. The {\em small topological frontier} is $\mathrm{fr}(A)\stackrel{{\rm def.}}{=} {\bar
A}\setminus A$. Notice that $\mathrm{fr}(A)\subseteq\mathrm{Fr}(A)$ and that
$\mathrm{fr}(A)=\mathrm{Fr}(A)$ when $A$ is open, in which case we speak simply of the
{\em frontier} of $A$. All fiber bundles we consider are
smooth\footnote{The ``generalized bundles''\cite{Drager, BulloLewis}
considered occasionally in this paper are {\em not} fiber
bundles.}. We use freely the results and notations of
\cite{ga1,ga2,gf,g2}, with the same conventions as there. To simplify
notation, we write the geometric product $\diamond$ of
\cite{ga1,ga2,gf} simply as juxtaposition while indicating the wedge
product of differential forms through $\wedge$. If $\mathcal{D}\subset TM$ is
a singular (a.k.a. generalized) distribution on $M$ and $\mathcal{U}$ is an
open subset of $M$ such that $\mathcal{D}|_\mathcal{U}$ is a regular Frobenius
distribution (see Appendix \ref{app:gendist}), we let
$\Omega_\mathcal{U}(\mathcal{D})=\Gamma(\mathcal{U},\wedge (\mathcal{D}|_\mathcal{U})^\ast)$ denote the
$\mathcal{C}^\infty(\mathcal{U},\mathbb{R})$-module of $\mathcal{D}|_\mathcal{U}$-longitudinal differential
forms defined on $\mathcal{U}$. When $\dim M=8$, then for any 4-form
$\omega\in \Omega^4(M)$ we let $\omega^\pm\stackrel{{\rm def.}}{=} \frac{1}{2}(\omega\pm
\ast \omega)$ denote the selfdual and anti-selfdual parts of $\omega$
(namely, $\ast \omega^\pm=\pm \omega^\pm$). When $M$ is
eight-dimensional, we let $\Omega^{4\pm}(M)$ denote the spaces of
selfdual and anti-selfdual four-forms, respectively. We use the
``{\rm Det}'' convention for the wedge product and the corresponding
``{\rm Perm}'' convention for the symmetric product. Hence given a
local coframe $e^a$ of $M$, we have:
\begin{equation}
\label{DetPerm}
\begin{split}
&e^{a_1}\wedge \ldots \wedge e^{a_k}\stackrel{{\rm def.}}{=} \sum_{\sigma\in S_k}\epsilon(\sigma) e^{a_{\sigma(1)}}\otimes \ldots \otimes e^{a_{\sigma(k)}}~~,\\
&e^{a_1}\odot \ldots \odot e^{a_k}\stackrel{{\rm def.}}{=} \sum_{\sigma\in S_k}e^{a_{\sigma(1)}}\otimes \ldots \otimes e^{a_{\sigma(k)}}~~,
\end{split}
\end{equation}
{\em without} prefactors of $\frac{1}{k!}$ in the right hand side,
where $S_k$ is the symmetric group on $k$ letters and
$\epsilon(\sigma)$ denotes the signature of a permutation $\sigma$.
This is the convention used, for example, in \cite{Spivak}. We use
$\mathrm{Sym}^2_0(T^\ast M)$ to denote the space of traceless symmetric covariant
2-tensors on $M$ and $\mathrm{Sym}^2_{\mathcal{U},0}(\mathcal{D}^\ast)$ to denote the space of
traceless symmetric covariant 2-tensors defined on $\mathcal{U}$ and which are
longitudinal to the Frobenius distribution $\mathcal{D}|_\mathcal{U}$, when $\mathcal{D}$ is
as above. By definition, a $\mathrm{Spin}(7)_+$ structure on $M$ is a
$\mathrm{Spin}(7)$ structure with respect to the orientation chosen for $M$
while a $\mathrm{Spin}(7)_-$ structure is a $\mathrm{Spin}(7)$ structure with respect
to the opposite orientation.
\section{Basics}
\label{sec:basics}
We start with a brief review of the set-up, in order to fix notation.
As in \cite{MartelliSparks, Tsimpis}, we consider 11-dimensional
supergravity \cite{sugra11} on an eleven-dimensional connected and paracompact
spin manifold $\mathbf{M}$ with Lorentzian metric $\mathbf{g}$ (of `mostly plus'
signature). Besides the metric, the classical action of the theory contains the
three-form potential with four-form field strength
$\mathbf{G}\in\Omega^4(\mathbf{M})$ and the gravitino
$\mathbf{\Psi}$, which is a Majorana spinor of spin $3/2$. The bosonic part of the action takes the form:
\begin{equation*}
S_{\rm bos}[\mathbf{g}, \mathbf{C}]=
\frac{1}{2\mathbf{\kappa}_{11}^2}\int_{\mathbf M}R\boldsymbol{\nu}-
\frac{1}{4\mathbf{\kappa}_{11}^2}\int_{\mathbf M}\big(\mathbf{G}\wedge \star \mathbf{G}+\frac{1}{3}\mathbf{C}\wedge \mathbf{G}\wedge \mathbf{G}\big)~~,
\end{equation*}
where $\mathbf{\kappa}_{11}$ is the gravitational coupling constant in eleven dimensions, $\boldsymbol{\nu}$ and $R$ are the volume form and the scalar curvature of $\mathbf{g}$ and
$\mathbf{G}=\mathrm{d} \mathbf{C}$.
For supersymmetric bosonic classical backgrounds, both the gravitino and
its supersymmetry variation must vanish, which requires that there
exist at least one solution $\boldsymbol{\eta}$ to the equation:
\begin{equation}
\label{susy}
\delta_{\boldsymbol{\eta}} \mathbf{\Psi} \stackrel{{\rm def.}}{=} \mathfrak{D} \boldsymbol{\eta} = 0~~,
\end{equation}
where $\mathfrak{D}$ denotes the supercovariant connection. The
eleven-dimensional supersymmetry generator $\boldsymbol{\eta}$ is a
Majorana spinor (real pinor) of spin $1/2$ on $\mathbf{M}$.
As in \cite{MartelliSparks, Tsimpis}, consider compactification down
to an $\mathrm{AdS}_3$ space of cosmological constant $\Lambda=-8\kappa^2$,
where $\kappa$ is a positive real parameter --- this includes the
Minkowski case as the limit $\kappa\rightarrow 0$. Thus $\mathbf{
M}=N\times M$, where $N$ is an oriented 3-manifold diffeomorphic
to $\mathbb{R}^3$ and carrying the $\mathrm{AdS}_3$ metric $g_3$ while $M$ is an oriented,
compact and connected Riemannian eight-manifold whose metric we denote by $g$. The metric on
$\mathbf{M}$ is a warped product:
\begin{eqnarray}
\label{warpedprod}
\mathrm{d} \mathbf{s}^2 & = & e^{2\Delta} \mathrm{d} s^2~~~{\rm where}~~~\mathrm{d} s^2=\mathrm{d} s^2_3+ g_{mn} \mathrm{d} x^m \mathrm{d} x^n~~.
\end{eqnarray}
The warp factor $\Delta$ is a smooth real-valued function defined on $M$ while $\mathrm{d} s_3^2$ is the
squared length element of the $\mathrm{AdS}_3$ metric $g_3$. For the field strength $\mathbf{G}$, we use the ansatz:
\begin{equation}
\label{Gansatz}
\mathbf{ G} = \nu_3\wedge \mathbf{f}+\mathbf{F}~~,~~~~\mathrm{with}~~
\mathbf{F}\stackrel{{\rm def.}}{=} e^{3\Delta}F~~,~~\mathbf{f}\stackrel{{\rm def.}}{=} e^{3\Delta} f~~,
\end{equation}
where $f\in \Omega^1(M)$, $F\in \Omega^4(M)$ and $\nu_3$ is the
volume form of $(N,g_3)$. For $\boldsymbol{\eta}$, we use the ansatz:
\begin{equation*}
\boldsymbol{\eta}=e^{\frac{\Delta}{2}}(\zeta\otimes \xi)~~,
\end{equation*}
where $\xi$ is a Majorana spinor of spin $1/2$ on the internal space
$(M,g)$ (a section of the rank 16 real vector bundle $S$ of indefinite chirality real
pinors) and $\zeta$ is a Majorana spinor on $(N,g_3)$.
Assuming that $\zeta$ is a Killing spinor on the $\mathrm{AdS}_3$ space $(N,g_3)$, the
supersymmetry condition \eqref{susy} is equivalent with the following
system for $\xi$:
\begin{equation}
\label{par_eq}
\boxed{\mathbb{D}\xi = 0~~,~~Q\xi = 0}~~,
\end{equation}
where
\begin{equation*}
\mathbb{D}_X=\nabla_X^S+\frac{1}{4}\gamma(X\lrcorner F)+\frac{1}{4}\gamma((X_\sharp\wedge f) \nu) +\kappa \gamma(X\lrcorner \nu)~~,~~X\in \Gamma(M,TM)
\end{equation*}
is a linear connection on $S$ (here $\nabla^S$ is the connection induced on $S$ by the Levi-Civita
connection of $(M,g)$, while $\nu$ is the volume form of $(M,g)$) and
\begin{equation*}
Q=\frac{1}{2}\gamma(\mathrm{d} \Delta)-\frac{1}{6}\gamma(\iota_f\nu)-\frac{1}{12}\gamma(F)-\kappa\gamma(\nu)
\end{equation*}
is a globally-defined endomorphism of $S$. As in \cite{MartelliSparks,
Tsimpis}, {\em we do not require that $\xi$ has definite chirality}.
The set of solutions of \eqref{par_eq} is a finite-dimensional
$\mathbb{R}$-linear subspace $\mathrm{\cal K}(\mathbb{D},{Q})$ of the infinite-dimensional
vector space $\Gamma(M,S)$ of smooth sections of $S$. Up to rescalings by
smooth nowhere-vanishing real-valued functions defined on $M$, the
vector bundle $S$ has two admissible pairings $\Scr B_\pm$ (see \cite{gf,
AC1, AC2}), both of which are symmetric but which are distinguished
by their types $\epsilon_{\Scr B_\pm}=\pm 1$. Without loss of generality,
we choose to work with $\Scr B\stackrel{{\rm def.}}{=} \Scr B_+$. We can in fact take $\Scr B$
to be a scalar product on $S$ and denote the corresponding norm by
$||~||$ (see \cite{ga1,ga2} for details). Requiring that the
background preserves exactly $\mathcal{N}=1$ supersymmetry amounts to asking
that $\dim \mathrm{\cal K}(\mathbb{D},Q)=1$. It is not hard to check \cite{ga1} that
$\Scr B$ is $\mathbb{D}$-flat:
\begin{equation}
\label{flatness}
\mathrm{d} \Scr B(\xi',\xi'')=\Scr B(\mathbb{D}\xi', \xi'')+\Scr B(\xi',\mathbb{D}\xi'')~~,
~~\forall \xi',\xi''\in \Gamma(M,S)~~.
\end{equation}
Hence any solution of \eqref{par_eq} which has unit $\Scr B$-norm at a
point will have unit $\Scr B$-norm at every point of $M$ and we can take
the internal part $\xi$ of the supersymmetry generator to be
everywhere of norm one.
\section{Parameterizing a Majorana spinor on $M$}
\label{sec:fierz}
\subsection{Globally valid parameterization}
Fixing a Majorana spinor $\xi\in \Gamma(M,S)$ which is everywhere of
$\Scr B$-norm one, consider the inhomogeneus differential form:
\begin{equation}
\label{checkE}
\check{E}_{\xi,\xi}=\frac{1}{16} \sum_{k=0}^8 \boldsymbol{\check{E}}^{(k)}_{\xi,\xi}\in \Omega(M)~~,
\end{equation}
whose rescaled rank components have the following expansions in any
local orthonormal coframe $(e^a)_{a=1\ldots 8}$ of $M$ defined on some
open subset $U$:
\begin{equation*}
\boldsymbol{\check{E}}^{(k)}_{\xi,\xi}=_U\frac{1}{k!}\Scr B(\xi,\gamma_{a_1...a_k}\xi)e^{a_1...a_k} \in \Omega^k(M)~~.
\end{equation*}
The conditions:
\begin{equation}
\label{Esquare}
\check{E}^2=\check{E}~~,~~~\mathcal{S}(\check{E})=1~~,~~\tau(\check{E})=\check{E}~~
\end{equation}
encode the fact that an inhomogeneous form $\check{E}\stackrel{{\rm def.}}{=}\check{E}_{\xi,\xi} $ is of the type \eqref{checkE} for some Majorana spinor $\xi$ which is everywhere of norm one.
As a result of the last condition in \eqref{Esquare}, the non-zero components of $\check{E}$ have ranks $k=0,1,4,5$ and we have
$\mathcal{S}(\check{E}_{\xi,\xi})=\boldsymbol{\check{E}}^{(0)}_{\xi,\xi}=||\xi||^2=1$, where
$\mathcal{S}$ is the canonical trace of the K\"{a}hler-Atiyah~ algebra. Hence:
\begin{equation}
\label{Eexp}
\boxed{\check{E}=\frac{1}{16}(1+V+Y+Z+b\nu)}~~,
\end{equation}
where we introduced the notations:
\begin{equation}
\label{forms8}
V\stackrel{{\rm def.}}{=} \boldsymbol{\check{E}}^{(1)} ~~,~~ Y\stackrel{{\rm def.}}{=}\boldsymbol{\check{E}}^{(4)} ~,~~ Z\stackrel{{\rm def.}}{=} \boldsymbol{\check{E}}^{(5)}~~,~~ b\nu\stackrel{{\rm def.}}{=} \boldsymbol{\check{E}}^{(8)}~~.
\end{equation}
Here, $b$ is a smooth real valued function defined on $M$ and $\nu$ is
the volume form of $(M,g)$, which satisfies $||\nu||=1$; notice the
relation $\mathcal{S}(\nu\check{E}_{\xi,\xi})=b$. On a small enough open subset
$U\subset M$ supporting a local coframe $(e^a)$ of $M$, one has the
expansions:
\begin{eqnarray}
\label{forms8alt}
&&V=_U\Scr B(\xi,\gamma_a\xi)e^a ~~,~~ Y=_U\frac{1}{4!}\Scr B(\xi,\gamma_{a_1\ldots a_4}\xi) e^{a_1\ldots a_4}~,\nonumber\\
&& Z=_U\frac{1}{5!} \Scr B(\xi,\gamma_{a_1\ldots a_5}\xi) e^{a_1\ldots a_5}~~,
~~ b=_U\Scr B(\xi, \gamma(\nu)\xi)~~.
\end{eqnarray}
One finds \cite{ga1} that \eqref{Esquare} is equivalent with the following relations which hold globally on $M$:
\begin{equation}
\label{SolMS}
\boxed{
\begin{split}
& ||V||^2=1-b^2\geq0~~,~~||Y^\pm||^2=\frac{7}{2}(1\pm b)^2~~,\\
& \iota_V(\ast Z)=0~~,~~\iota_V Z=Y-b\ast Y~~,\\
&(\iota_\alpha (\ast Z)) \wedge (\iota_\beta (\ast Z)) \wedge (\ast Z)
= - 6 \langle \alpha\wedge V, \beta\wedge V\rangle \iota_V \nu~~,~~\forall \alpha,\beta\in \Omega^1(M)~~.
\end{split}}
\end{equation}
Notice that the first relation in the second row is equivalent with $V\wedge Z=0$,
which means that $V$ and $Z$ commute in the K\"{a}hler-Atiyah~ algebra of $(M,g)$.
\paragraph{Remark.}
Let (R) denote the second relation (namely $\iota_V Z=Y-b\ast Y$) on
the second row of \eqref{SolMS}. Separating the selfdual and
anti-selfdual parts shows that (R) is {\em equivalent} with the
following two conditions:
\begin{equation}
\label{iVZpm}
(\iota_V Z)^\pm=(1\mp b)Y^\pm~~.
\end{equation}
\paragraph{Proposition.} Relations \eqref{SolMS} imply that the following normalization
conditions hold globally on $M$:
\begin{equation}
\label{Ynorms}
||Y||^2=7(1+b^2)~~,~~||Z||^2=7 (1-b^2)~~.
\end{equation}
\noindent{\bf Proof.} The first equation in \eqref{Ynorms} follows
from the last relations on the first row of \eqref{SolMS} by noticing
that $||Y||^2=||Y^+||^2+||Y^-||^2$ (since $\langle Y^+,Y^-\rangle=0$).
We have:
\begin{equation}
\label{intmd}
||\iota_VZ||^2=||\ast \iota_V Z||^2=||V\wedge (\ast
Z)||^2=||V||^2||\ast Z||^2=||V||^2||Z||^2~~,
\end{equation}
where in the middle equality we used the first equation on the second
row of \eqref{SolMS}, which tells us that $\ast Z$ is orthogonal on
$V$. The second equation in \eqref{Ynorms} now follows from
\eqref{intmd} and from the identity:
\begin{equation*}
||\iota_VZ||^2=(1-b)^2||Y^+||^2+(1+b)^2||Y^-||^2=7(1-b^2)=7||V||^2~~,
\end{equation*}
where we used \eqref{iVZpm} and both relations in the first row of
\eqref{SolMS}. $\blacksquare$
\paragraph{The twisted selfdual and twisted anti-selfdual parts of $\check{E}$.}
The identity $\nu^2=1$ implies that the elements:
\begin{equation*}
R^\pm\stackrel{{\rm def.}}{=} \frac{1}{2}(1\pm \nu)~~
\end{equation*}
are complementary idempotents in the K\"{a}hler-Atiyah~ algebra:
\begin{equation}
\label{pirels}
(R^\pm)^2=R^\pm~~,~~R^\pm R^\mp=0~~,~~R^++R^-=\mathrm{id}_{\Omega(M)}~~.
\end{equation}
The (anti)selfdual part of a four-form $\omega\in \Omega^4(M)$ can be expressed as:
\begin{equation*}
\omega_\pm=R^\pm\omega~~.
\end{equation*}
Notice that this relation also gives the twisted (anti)selfdual parts \cite{ga1} of an inhomogeneous form $\omega\in \Omega(M)$.
The identities:
\begin{equation*}
YR^\pm=R^\pm Y=Y^\pm~~,~~(1+b\nu)R^\pm=(1\pm b)R^\pm~~
\end{equation*}
allow us to compute the twisted selfdual part $\check{E}^+$ and twisted anti-selfdual part $\check{E}^-$ of $\check{E}$:
\begin{equation}
\label{Epm}
\check{E}^\pm=\check{E}R^\pm=\frac{1}{16}\left[(1\pm b+V+Z)R_\pm + Y^\pm\right]\in \Omega(M)~~.
\end{equation}
The following decomposition holds globally on $M$:
\begin{equation*}
\check{E}=\check{E}^++\check{E}^-~~.
\end{equation*}
\subsection{The chirality decomposition of $M$}
Let $S^\pm\subset S$ be the rank eight subbundles of $S$ consisting of
positive and negative chirality spinors (the eigen-subbundles of
$\gamma(\nu)$ corresponding to the eigenvalues $+1$ and $-1$). Since
$\gamma(\nu)$ is $\Scr B$-symmetric, $S^+$ and $S^-$ give a
$\Scr B$-orthogonal decomposition $S=S^+\oplus S^-$. Decomposing a
normalized spinor as $\xi=\xi^++\xi^-$ with $\xi^\pm\stackrel{{\rm def.}}{=}
\frac{1}{2}(\mathrm{id}_S\pm \gamma(\nu))\xi\in \Gamma(M,S^\pm)$, we have:
\begin{equation*}
||\xi||^2=||\xi^+||^2+||\xi^-||^2=1
\end{equation*}
and:
\begin{equation*}
b=\Scr B(\xi,\gamma(\nu)\xi)=||\xi^+||^2-||\xi^-||^2~~.
\end{equation*}
These two relations give:
\begin{equation}
\label{xipmnorms}
\boxed{||\xi^\pm||^2=\frac{1}{2}(1\pm b)}~~.
\end{equation}
Notice that $b$ equals $\pm 1$ at a point $p\in M$ iff $\xi_p\in
S^\pm_p$. Since $||V||^2=1-b^2$, the one-form $V$ vanishes at $p$
iff $\xi_p$ is chiral i.e. iff $\xi_p\in S_p^+\cup S_p^-$. Consider
the {\em non-chiral locus} (an open subset of $M$):
\begin{equation*}
\mathcal{U} \stackrel{{\rm def.}}{=} \{p\in M|\xi\not \in S_p^+\cup S_p^-\}=\{p\in M|\xi^+_p\neq 0~\mathrm{and}~~\xi_p^-\neq 0\}=\{p\in M|V_p\neq 0\}=\{p\in M||b(p)| < 1\}~~,
\end{equation*}
and its closed complement, the {\em chiral locus}:
\begin{equation*}
\mathcal{W}\stackrel{{\rm def.}}{=} M\setminus \mathcal{U}=\{p\in M|\xi_p\in S_p^+\cup S^-_p\}=\{p\in M|\xi^+_p=0~\mathrm{or}~\xi^-_p=0\}=\{p\in M|V_p=0\}=\{p\in M| |b(p)|=1\}~~.
\end{equation*}
The chiral locus $\mathcal{W}$ decomposes further as a disjoint union of two closed
subsets, the {\em positive and negative chirality loci}:
\begin{equation*}
\mathcal{W}=\mathcal{W}^+\sqcup \mathcal{W}^-~~,
\end{equation*}
where:
\begin{eqnarray*}
\mathcal{W}^\pm\stackrel{{\rm def.}}{=} \{p\in M|\xi_p\in S^\pm_p\}=\{p\in M| b(p)=\pm 1\}=\{p\in M|\xi_p^\mp=0\}~~.
\end{eqnarray*}
The extreme cases $\mathcal{W}^+=M$ or $\mathcal{W}^-=M$, as well as $\mathcal{W}^+=\mathcal{W}^-=\emptyset$
are allowed. However, the case $\mathcal{U}=\emptyset$ with both $\mathcal{W}^+$ and
$\mathcal{W}^-$ nonempty (then $M=\mathcal{W}^+\sqcup \mathcal{W}^-$) is forbidden (recall that $b$ is
smooth and hence continuous while $M$ is connected). Since $\xi$ does not
vanish on $M$, we have:
\begin{equation*}
\mathcal{U}^\pm\stackrel{{\rm def.}}{=} \mathcal{U}\cup \mathcal{W}^\pm=\{p\in M|\xi^\pm_p\neq 0\}~~.
\end{equation*}
\paragraph{Remark.}
Since $|b|\leq 1$ on $M$, the sets $\mathcal{W}^\pm$ (when non-empty) consist
of critical points of $b$, namely the absolute maxima and minima of
$b$ on $M$. Hence the differential of $b$ vanishes at every point of
$\mathcal{W}$. In general $\mathcal{W}^\pm$ can be quite `wild' (they can
be very far from being immersed submanifolds of $M$).
\subsection{A topological no-go theorem}
\label{subsec:nogo}
Recall that $M$ is compact. The following result clarifies the kind of
topologies of the chiral loci which are of physical interest.
\paragraph{Theorem}
Assume that the supersymmetry conditions, the Bianchi identity and
equations of motion for $G$ as well as the Einstein equations are
satisfied. There exist only the following four possibilities:
\begin{enumerate}
\item The set $\mathcal{W}^+$ coincides with $M$ and hence $\mathcal{W}^-$ and $\mathcal{U}$
are empty. In this case, $\xi$ is a chiral spinor of positive
chirality which is covariantly constant on $M$ and we have
$\kappa=f=F=0$ while $\Delta$ is constant on $M$.
\item The set $\mathcal{W}^-$ coincides with $M$ and hence $\mathcal{W}^+$ and $\mathcal{U}$
are empty. In this case, $\xi$ is a chiral spinor of negative
chirality which is covariantly constant on $M$ and we have
$\kappa=f=F=0$ while $\Delta$ is constant on $M$.
\item The set $\mathcal{U}$ coincides with $M$ and hence $\mathcal{W}^+$ and $\mathcal{W}^-$
are empty.
\item At least one of the sets $\mathcal{W}^+$ or $\mathcal{W}^-$ is non-empty but
both of these sets have empty interior. In this case, $\mathcal{U}$ is dense
in $M$ and the union $\mathcal{W}=\mathcal{W}^+\cup\mathcal{W}^-$ coincides with the
topological frontier $\mathrm{Fr}(\mathcal{U})=\mathrm{fr}(\mathcal{U})={\bar \mathcal{U}}\setminus \mathcal{U}$ of $\mathcal{U}$.
\end{enumerate}
\noindent The proof of the theorem is given in Appendix \ref{app:nogo}.
\paragraph{Remarks.}
\begin{itemize}
\itemsep 0.0em
\item The theorem is a strengthening of an observation originally made in \cite{MartelliSparks} in the case when $\xi$ is nowhere-chiral.
\item The theorem holds in classical supergravity only.
One may be able to avoid its conclusions by considering quantum corrections.
\item Cases 1 and 2 correspond to the classical limit of the compactifications studied in \cite{Becker1, Becker2, Constantin}. Case 3 was studied in
\cite{MartelliSparks,g2}.
\end{itemize}
The study of Case 4 is the focus of the present paper. Due to the
theorem, we shall from now on assume that we are in this case,
i.e. that $\mathcal{W}$ is non-empty and that it coincides with the frontier
of $\mathcal{U}$; in particular, we can assume that the closure of $\mathcal{U}$
coincides with $M$:
\begin{equation*}
M={\bar \mathcal{U}}=\mathcal{U}\sqcup \mathcal{W}~~,~~\mathcal{W}=\mathrm{Fr} \mathcal{U}~~.
\end{equation*}
In Figure \ref{fig:loci}, we sketch the chirality decomposition in two
sub-cases of Case 4, which correspond to the assumptions that the
one-form ${\boldsymbol{\omega}}\stackrel{{\rm def.}}{=} 4\kappa e^{3\Delta}V$ is of Morse and
Bott-Morse type, respectively.
\!\!\!\!\!\begin{figure}
\centering
\!\!\!\!\!\begin{subfigure}{.5\textwidth}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.9\linewidth]{morse.eps}
\
\caption{Sketch of the chiral loci in the Morse sub-case of Case 4 of
the Theorem. In this case, each of $\mathcal{W}^+$ and $\mathcal{W}^-$ is a finite
set of points, with the points of $\mathcal{W}^+$ indicated in red and those
of $\mathcal{W}^-$ indicated in blue.}
\end{subfigure}~~~~~~~~~
\begin{subfigure}{.5\textwidth}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.9\linewidth]{bott.eps}
\caption{Sketch of $\mathcal{W}^\pm$ in the Bott-Morse sub-case of Case 4 of
the Theorem. The connected components of $\mathcal{W}$ are submanifolds of
various dimensions, shown respectively in red and blue for
$\mathcal{W}^+$ and $\mathcal{W}^-$.}
\end{subfigure}
\caption{Sketch of chiral loci in two sub-cases of Case 4 of the
Theorem, for the case of a two-dimensional manifold $M$. The
non-chiral locus $\mathcal{U}$ is the complement of $\mathcal{W}$ in $M$ and is
indicated by white space, after performing appropriate cuts which
allow one to map $M$ to some region of the plane which is not
indicated explicitly. The figures should be interpreted with care in
our case $\dim M=8$.}
\label{fig:loci}
\end{figure}
\subsection{The singular distribution $\mathcal{D}$}
The one-form $V$ determines a singular (a.k.a. generalized) distribution $\mathcal{D}$ (generalized sub-bundle of $TM$) which is defined through:
\begin{equation*}
\mathcal{D}_p\stackrel{{\rm def.}}{=}{\mathrm{ker} V_p}~~,~~\forall p\in M~~.
\end{equation*}
This singular distribution is {\em cosmooth} (rather than smooth) in
the sense of \cite{Drager} (see Appendix \ref{app:gendist}). Notice
that $\mathcal{D}$ is smooth iff $\xi$ is everywhere non-chiral --- i.e. iff
$\mathcal{W}=\emptyset$, which is the case studied in \cite{g2}; in that case,
$\mathcal{D}$ is a regular Frobenius distribution. Since in this paper we
assume $\mathcal{W}\neq \emptyset$, it follows that $\mathcal{D}$ is {\em not} a
singular distribution in the sense of Stefan-Sussmann
\cite{Stefan,Sussmann}. The set of regular points of $\mathcal{D}$ equals the
non-chiral locus $\mathcal{U}$ and we have:
\begin{eqnarray*}
{\rm rk}\mathcal{D}_p&=&7~~\mathrm{when}~~p\in\mathcal{U}~~,\\
{\rm rk}\mathcal{D}_p&=&8~~\mathrm{when}~~p\in \mathcal{W}~~.
\end{eqnarray*}
In particular, the restriction $\mathcal{D}|_\mathcal{U}$ is a regular Frobenius
distribution on the non-chiral locus $\mathcal{U}$. As in \cite{g2}, we endow
$\mathcal{D}|_\mathcal{U}$ with the orientation induced by that of $M$ using the unit
norm vector field $n\stackrel{{\rm def.}}{=} {\hat V}^\sharp=\frac{1}{||V||}V^\sharp$,
which corresponds to the $\mathcal{D}|_\mathcal{U}$-longitudinal volume form:
\begin{equation*}
\nu_\top\stackrel{{\rm def.}}{=} \iota_{\hat V}\nu|_\mathcal{U}=n\lrcorner \nu|_\mathcal{U}\in \Omega^7_{\mathcal{U}}(\mathcal{D})~~.
\end{equation*}
Let $\ast_\perp:\Omega_\mathcal{U}(\mathcal{D})\rightarrow \Omega_\mathcal{U}(\mathcal{D})$ denote the
corresponding Hodge operator along the Frobenius distribution
$\mathcal{D}|_\mathcal{U}$:
\begin{equation}
\label{AstV}
\ast_\perp \omega=\ast({\hat V}\wedge \omega)=-\iota_{\hat V}(\ast \omega)=\tau(\omega)\nu_\top~~,~~\forall \omega\in \Omega_\mathcal{U}(\mathcal{D})~~.
\end{equation}
\subsection{Spinor parameterization and $G_2$ structure on the non-chiral locus}
\paragraph{Proposition \cite{g2}.}
Relations \eqref{Esquare} are equivalent on $\mathcal{U}$ with the following conditions:
\begin{equation}
\label{fsol}
V^2|_\mathcal{U}=1-b^2~~,~~Y|_\mathcal{U}=(1+b\nu)|_\mathcal{U} \psi~~,~~Z|_\mathcal{U}=V|_\mathcal{U} \psi~~,
\end{equation}
where $\psi\in \Omega^4_\mathcal{U}(\mathcal{D})$ is the canonically normalized
coassociative form of a $G_2$ structure on the Frobenius distribution $\mathcal{D}|_\mathcal{U}$
which is compatible with the metric $g|_\mathcal{D}$ induced by $g$ and with the
orientation of $\mathcal{D}|_\mathcal{U}$.
\
\noindent Let $\varphi\stackrel{{\rm def.}}{=} \ast_\perp \psi\in \Omega^3_\mathcal{U}(\mathcal{D})$ be
the associative form of the $G_2$ structure on $\mathcal{D}|_\mathcal{U}$ mentioned in the
proposition. We have \cite{g2}:
\begin{eqnarray}
\psi&=&\frac{1}{1-b^2} VZ=\frac{1}{1-b^2}(1-b\nu)Y\in \Omega^4_\mathcal{U}(\mathcal{D})~~, \label{psidef}\\
\varphi&=&\frac{1}{||V||}\ast Z=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-b^2}} Z\nu \in \Omega^3_\mathcal{U}(\mathcal{D})~~.\label{phidef}
\end{eqnarray}
On the non-chiral locus, one can parameterize $\check{E}$ as \cite{g2}:
\begin{equation}
\label{Enr}
\check{E}|_\mathcal{U}=\frac{1}{16}(1+V+b\nu)(1+\psi)=P|_\mathcal{U}\Pi~~,
\end{equation}
where:
\begin{equation*}
P\stackrel{{\rm def.}}{=}\frac{1}{2}(1+V+b\nu)\in \Omega(M)~~,~~\Pi\stackrel{{\rm def.}}{=}
\frac{1}{8}(1+\psi)\in \Omega_\mathcal{U}(\mathcal{D})
\end{equation*}
and where $P|_\mathcal{U}$ and $\Pi$ are commuting idempotents in the K\"{a}hler-Atiyah~
algebra of $\mathcal{U}$. Notice the relations:
\begin{equation}
\varphi=\ast_\perp\psi=\ast ({\hat V}\wedge \psi)~~,~~
\ast\varphi=-{\hat V}\wedge \psi~~,~~\ast\psi={\hat V}\wedge \varphi~~
\end{equation}
and:
\begin{equation}
\label{phipsirels}
V\varphi=-\varphi V =V\wedge \varphi~~,~~V\psi=\psi V=V\wedge \psi~~.
\end{equation}
\paragraph{The selfdual and anti-selfdual parts of $\psi$.}
We have:
\begin{equation}
\label{psipm}
\psi^\pm=\frac{1}{2}(\psi\pm \ast \psi)=\frac{1}{2}(\psi\pm {\hat V}\wedge \varphi)\in \Omega(\mathcal{U})~~.
\end{equation}
\paragraph{Lemma.} The four-forms $\psi^\pm\in \Omega(\mathcal{U})$ satisfy the relations:
\begin{eqnarray}
&&{\hat V}\psi^\pm{\hat V}=\psi^\mp~~,\label{psipmrel}~\\
&&\psi^+\psi^-=\psi^-\psi^+=0~~,\label{psipmprod}~\\
&& \psi^\pm=\frac{Y^\pm}{1\pm b}|_\mathcal{U}~~,\label{psiY}~\\
&& ||\psi^+||^2=||\psi^-||^2=\frac{7}{2}~~.\label{psipmnorms}~
\end{eqnarray}
\paragraph{Proof.}
Using $\psi^\pm=R^\pm \psi$, relation \eqref{psipmprod} follows
immediately from the fact that $\nu$ commutes with $\psi$. The last
relation in \eqref{phipsirels} gives:
\begin{equation}
\label{psirel}
{\hat V}\psi{\hat V}=\psi~~\mathrm{on}~~\mathcal{U}~~.
\end{equation}
Using the fact that ${\hat V}$ and $\nu$ anti-commute in the K\"{a}hler-Atiyah~
algebra while $\psi$ and $\nu$ commute (because $\nu$ is twisted
central), relation \eqref{psirel} implies \eqref{psipmrel}.
Separating $Y$ into its selfdual and anti-selfdual parts and using
the fact that $\nu Y=Y\nu=\ast Y$, the last equality in \eqref{psidef}
implies \eqref{psiY}, which implies \eqref{psipmnorms} when combined
with the first relation in \eqref{Ynorms}. $\blacksquare$
\paragraph{Proposition.}
The inhomogeneous differential forms:
\begin{equation*}
\Pi^\pm\stackrel{{\rm def.}}{=} R^\pm|_\mathcal{U}\Pi=\Pi R^\pm|_\mathcal{U}=\frac{1}{8}(R^\pm|_\mathcal{U}+\psi^\pm)=\frac{1}{16}(1\pm \nu|_\mathcal{U}+2\psi^\pm)\in \Omega(\mathcal{U})
\end{equation*}
satisfy $\Pi=\Pi^++\Pi^-$ and ${\hat V}\Pi^\pm{\hat V}=\Pi^\mp$ and are orthogonal
idempotents in the K\"{a}hler-Atiyah~ algebra of $\mathcal{U}$:
\begin{equation*}
(\Pi^\pm)^2=\Pi^\pm~~,~~\Pi^\pm\Pi^\mp=0~~.
\end{equation*}
Furthermore, we have:
\begin{equation}
\label{EpmDec}
\check{E}^\pm|_{\mathcal{U}}=P|_\mathcal{U}\Pi^\pm~~.
\end{equation}
Notice that $\Pi^\pm$ are twisted (anti-)selfdual:
\begin{equation*}
\Pi^\pm \nu=\pm \Pi^\pm~~.
\end{equation*}
\noindent{\bf Proof.} Notice that $\psi$ and $R^\pm$ commute since
$\psi$ and $\nu$ commute. The conclusion now follows immediately using
the properties of $\Pi$ and $R^\pm$.
$\blacksquare$
\subsection{Spinor parameterization and $\mathrm{Spin}(7)_\pm$ structures on the loci $\mathcal{U}^\pm$}
\label{subsec:L}
\paragraph{Extending $\psi^\pm$ to $\mathcal{U}^\pm$.}
Notice that $P\in \Omega(M)$ is globally defined on $M$ while $\Pi\in
\Omega(\mathcal{U})$ is only defined on the non-chiral locus.
\paragraph{Proposition.}
The four-form $\psi^\pm$ has a continuous extension to the locus
$\mathcal{U}^\pm$, which we denote through
$\bar{\psi}^\pm\in\Omega^4(\mathcal{U}^\pm)$. Namely:
\begin{equation*}
\bar{\psi}^\pm\stackrel{{\rm def.}}{=} \frac{1}{1\pm b}(Y^\pm|_{\mathcal{U}^\pm})\in \Omega^4(\mathcal{U}^\pm)~~.
\end{equation*}
Furthermore, the idempotents $\Pi^\pm\in \Omega(\mathcal{U})$ have continuous
extensions to idempotents $\bar{\Pi}^\pm\in \Omega(\mathcal{U}^\pm)$, which
are given by:
\begin{equation}
\label{barPi}
{\bar \Pi}^\pm\stackrel{{\rm def.}}{=} \frac{1}{8}(R^\pm|_{\mathcal{U}^\pm}+\bar{\psi}^\pm)=\frac{1}{16}(1+2\psi^\pm\pm \nu)\in \Omega(\mathcal{U}^\pm)~~
\end{equation}
and which are twisted (anti-)selfdual:
\begin{equation*}
{\bar \Pi}^\pm R^\pm|_{\mathcal{U}^\pm}={\bar \Pi}^\pm~~,~~{\bar \Pi}^\pm R^\mp|_{\mathcal{U}^\pm}=0~~.
\end{equation*}
\paragraph{Remarks.}
\begin{enumerate}
\itemsep 0.0em
\item Notice that \eqref{psiY} does not provide any information about
the limit of $\psi^\mp$ along $\mathcal{W}^\pm$, so $\psi^\mp$ (and hence
also $\Pi^\mp$) will not generally have an extension to
$\mathcal{U}^\pm$. However, \eqref{psipmnorms} tells us that $\psi^\mp$ is
bounded on $M$. In particular, we have:
\begin{equation}
\label{limpsi}
\lim_{b\rightarrow \pm 1}(V\psi^\mp)= \lim_{b\rightarrow \pm 1}(\psi^\mp V)=0~~.
\end{equation}
\item On the locus $\mathcal{W}^\pm$ we have:
\begin{equation}
\label{WpmRes}
b|_{\mathcal{W}^\pm}=\pm 1~~,~~V|_{\mathcal{W}^\pm}=Z|_{\mathcal{W}^\pm}=Y^\mp|_{\mathcal{W}^\pm}=0~~,
\end{equation}
where the last relations follow from the last equation in
\eqref{SolMS} and from \eqref{psiY}. The remaining conditions in
\eqref{SolMS} are automatically satisfied.
\item Notice the relation:
\begin{equation*}
Y^\pm|_{\mathcal{W}^\pm}=2{\bar \psi}^\pm|_{\mathcal{W}^\pm}~~,
\end{equation*}
which follows from the fact that $b|_{\mathcal{W}^\pm}=\pm 1$.
\end{enumerate}
\noindent{\bf Proof.} Since $Y^\pm\in \Omega(M)$ is well-defined on
$M$, the conclusion follows immediately from relation \eqref{psiY} and
from the fact that $1\pm b$ does not vanish on $\mathcal{U}^\pm$. The
relations satisfied by $\bar{\Pi}^\pm$ on $\mathcal{U}^\pm$ follow by
continuity from the similar relations satisfied by $\Pi^\pm$ on $\mathcal{U}$.
$\blacksquare$
\
\noindent While $\Pi^\mp$ does not generally have an extension to
$\mathcal{W}^\pm$, the product $P\Pi^\mp$ has zero limit on $\mathcal{W}^\pm$:
\paragraph{Proposition.}
We have $P|_{\mathcal{W}^\pm}=R^\pm$ as well as:
\begin{equation}
\label{EW}
\exists \lim_{b\rightarrow \pm 1} P\Pi^\mp=\check{E}^\mp|_{\mathcal{W}^\pm}=0~~,~~\check{E}^\pm|_{\mathcal{W}^\pm}={\bar \Pi}^\pm|_{\mathcal{W}^\pm}=\frac{1}{8}(R^\pm+\bar{\psi}^\pm)|_{\mathcal{W}^\pm}=\frac{1}{16}(1\pm \nu +2\bar{\psi}^\pm)|_{\mathcal{W}^\pm}~~.
\end{equation}
\noindent{\bf Proof.}
The relation $P|_{\mathcal{W}^\pm}=R^\pm$ is obvious. The other statements
follow from \eqref{Epm} and \eqref{EpmDec} using
\eqref{WpmRes}. $\blacksquare$
\paragraph{The $\mathrm{Spin}(7)_\pm$ structures on $\mathcal{U}^\pm$.}
\paragraph{Lemma.}
Let $(e^a)_{a=1\ldots 8}$ be a local coframe defined over an open
subset $U\subset M$ and let $\eta\in \Gamma(U,S)$. Then:
\begin{equation*}
\Scr B(\gamma^a\eta,\gamma^b\eta)=g^{ab}||\eta||^2~~,
\end{equation*}
where $\gamma^a=\gamma(e^a)$ and $g^{ab}=\langle e^a,e^b\rangle$.
\
\noindent{\bf Proof.}
Using the property $(\gamma^a)^t=\gamma^a$ and the fact that
$(\gamma^a\gamma^b)^t=\gamma^b\gamma^a$, compute:
\begin{equation*}
\Scr B(\gamma^a\eta,\gamma^b\eta)=\Scr B(\eta,\gamma^a\gamma^b\eta)=
\Scr B(\eta,\gamma^b\gamma^a\eta)=\frac{1}{2}\Scr B(\eta,\{\gamma^a,\gamma^b\}\eta)=g^{ab}\Scr B(\eta,\eta)=g^{ab}||\eta||^2~~.
\end{equation*}
$\blacksquare$
\
\noindent When $\eta$ is non-vanishing everywhere on $U$, the
proposition implies that the spinors $\gamma^a\eta$ form a
linearly-independent set of sections of $S$ above $U$. Taking $\eta$
to have chirality $\pm 1$ and recalling that $\gamma^a$ map $S^\pm$
into $S^\mp$ and that ${\rm rk} S^+={\rm rk} S^-=8$, this gives:
\paragraph{Corollary.} Let $(e^a)_{a=1\ldots 8}$ be a local orthonormal coframe defined over an open subset
$U\subset M$ and $\eta\in \Gamma(U,S^\pm)$ be a spinor of chirality
$\pm 1$ which is nowhere vanishing on $U$. Then
$(\gamma^a\eta)_{a=1\ldots 8}$ is a $\Scr B$-orthogonal local frame of
$S^\mp$ above $U$. Every local section $\xi\in \Gamma(U,S^\mp)$
expands in this frame as:
\begin{equation*}
\xi=\frac{1}{||\eta||^2}\sum_{a=1}^8 \Scr B(\xi,\gamma_a\eta) \gamma^a\eta~~.
\end{equation*}
\paragraph{Proposition.} Let $U$ be an open subset of $M$ which supports
an orthonormal coframe $e^a$ of $(M,g)$. Then:
\
\noindent 1. If $\xi^+$ is everywhere non-vanishing on $U$, then
$\xi^-$ expands above $U$ as $\xi^-= \sum_{a=1}^8
L^+_a\gamma^a\xi^+=\gamma(L^+)\xi^+$, where $L^+_a$ are the
coefficients of the one-form $L^+=L_a^+\mathrm{d} x^a=\frac{1}{1+b}V$.
\
\noindent 2. If $\xi^-$ is everywhere non-vanishing on $U$, then
$\xi^+$ expands above $U$ as $\xi^+=\sum_{a=1}^8
L^-_a\gamma^a\xi^-=\gamma(L^-)\xi^-$, where $L^-_a$ are the
coefficients of the one-form $L^-=L_a^-\mathrm{d} x^a=\frac{1}{1-b}V$.
\
\noindent {\bf Proof.} Assume that $\xi^+$ (respectively $\xi^-$)
vanishes nowhere on $U$. The corollary shows that $\xi^\mp$ expands
as $\xi^\mp=\sum_{a=1}^8 L^\pm_a\gamma^a\xi^\pm$ where:
\begin{equation}
\label{Ld}
L^\pm_a=\frac{1}{||\xi^\pm||^2}\Scr B(\xi^\mp,\gamma_a\xi^\pm)~~.
\end{equation}
Recalling that $S^+$ and $S^-$ are $\Scr B$-orthonormal while $\gamma^a$
are $\Scr B$-symmetric, we find:
\begin{equation*}
\Scr B(\xi^+,\gamma_a\xi^-)=\Scr B(\xi^-,\gamma_a\xi^+)=\frac{1}{2}\Scr B(\xi,\gamma_a\xi)=\frac{1}{2}V_a~~.
\end{equation*}
Using this and \eqref{xipmnorms}, equation \eqref{Ld} becomes
$L^\pm_a=\frac{1}{1\pm b} V_a$.~~$\blacksquare$
\paragraph{Remarks.}
\begin{enumerate}
\itemsep 0.0em
\item The ``+'' case of \eqref{Ld} was used in \cite{Tsimpis}, where
no explicit expression for $L^+$ (which is denoted by $L$ in
loc. cit.) was given\footnote{Notice that $L^+$ is not a quadratic
function of $\xi$, since it involves the denominator $1+b$ and
thus it is not homogeneous under rescalings $\xi\rightarrow
\lambda\xi$ with $\lambda\neq 0$.}.
\item Notice that $L^+$ and $L^-$ are not independent (they are
proportional to each other) and that each of them contains the same
information as $V$ and $b$.
\end{enumerate}
\noindent Recalling \eqref{xipmnorms}, consider the unit norm spinors (of chirality $\pm 1$):
\begin{equation}
\label{etadef}
\boxed{\eta^\pm=\sqrt{1+||L^\pm||^2}\xi^\pm=\sqrt{\frac{2}{1\pm b}}\xi^\pm\in \Gamma(\mathcal{U}^\pm,S^\pm)}~.
\end{equation}
Using the fact that $||\eta^\pm||=1$ while $\Scr B(\eta^\pm,\gamma_{a_1\ldots a_k}\eta^\pm)$ vanishes unless $k\equiv_4 0$, we find:
\begin{equation}
\label{Eeta}
\check{E}_{\eta^\pm,\eta^\pm}=\frac{1}{16}(1+\Phi^\pm\pm \nu)\in \Omega(\mathcal{U}^\pm)~~,
\end{equation}
where:
\begin{equation}
\label{PhiDef}
\Phi^\pm\stackrel{{\rm def.}}{=} \frac{1}{4!}\Scr B(\eta^\pm,\gamma_{a_1\ldots a_4}\eta^\pm)e^{a_1\ldots a_4}
=\boldsymbol{\check{E}}^{(4)}_{\eta^\pm,\eta^\pm}=\frac{2}{1\pm b}\boldsymbol{\check{E}}^{(4)}_{\xi^\pm,\xi^\pm}\in \Omega^4(\mathcal{U}^\pm)~~
\end{equation}
and where we noticed that $\Scr B(\eta^\pm,\gamma(\nu)\eta^\pm)=\pm 1$.
\paragraph{Proposition.}
The four-form $\Phi^+$ is selfdual while the four-form $\Phi^-$ is
anti-selfdual. They satisfy the following relations on the locus $\mathcal{U}^\pm$:
\begin{equation}
\boxed{\Phi^\pm= 2\bar{\psi}^\pm}~.~\label{PhiT}\\
\end{equation}
In particular, the inhomogeneous form \eqref{Eeta} coincides with the
extension \eqref{barPi} of $\Pi^\pm$ to this locus:
\begin{equation*}
\check{E}_{\eta^\pm,\eta^\pm}=\bar{\Pi}^\pm
\end{equation*}
and we have:
\begin{equation}
||\Phi^\pm||^2 = 14~~\label{PhiNorms}~~.
\end{equation}
Moreover, the restriction of $\Phi^+$ is the canonically-normalized
calibration defining a $\mathrm{Spin}(7)$ structure on the open submanifold
$\mathcal{U}$ of $M$ while the restriction of $\Phi^-$ is the
canonically-normalized calibration defining a $\mathrm{Spin}(7)$ structure on
the orientation reversal of $\mathcal{U}$.
\paragraph{Proof.}
Recalling that $\xi^\pm=\frac{1}{2}(1\pm \gamma(\nu))\xi$, the
identities $\check{E}_{\xi,\gamma(\nu)\xi}=\check{E}_{\xi,\xi}\nu$ and
$\check{E}_{\gamma(\nu)\xi,\xi}=\nu \check{E}_{\xi,\xi}$ of \cite{ga1}
and the fact that $\nu$ is involutive and twisted central give:
\begin{equation*}
\check{E}_{\xi^\pm,\xi^\pm}=\frac{1}{4}(\check{E}_{\xi,\xi}\pm \nu \check{E}_{\xi,\xi}\pm \check{E}_{\xi,\xi}\nu+\nu\check{E}_{\xi,\xi}\nu)=
\frac{1}{4}(\check{E}_{\xi,\xi}+\pi(\check{E}_{\xi,\xi}))(1\pm \nu)=\frac{1}{2}\check{E}_{\xi,\xi}^\mathrm{ev}(1\pm\nu)=
\frac{1}{2}(\check{E}^\mathrm{ev}_{\xi,\xi}\pm \ast \tau(\check{E}_{\xi,\xi}^\mathrm{ev}))~~
\end{equation*}
Since the Hodge operator preserves $\Omega^4(M)$ and since the
reversion $\tau$ of the K\"{a}hler-Atiyah~ algebra restricts to the identity on the
space of four-forms, this implies:
\begin{equation*}
\boldsymbol{\check{E}}^{(4)}_{\xi^\pm,\xi^\pm}=\frac{1}{2}(\boldsymbol{\check{E}}^{(4)}_{\xi,\xi}\pm \ast \boldsymbol{\check{E}}^{(4)}_{\xi,\xi})=\frac{1}{2}(Y\pm \ast Y)=Y^\pm~~,
\end{equation*}
where the superscript $\pm$ indicates the selfdual/anti-selfdual part. Substituting this
into \eqref{PhiDef} gives relation \eqref{PhiT}. The statements of the
proposition regarding the restrictions of $\Phi^\pm$ to the open
submanifold $\mathcal{U}$ follow from the fact that $\eta_\pm$ is a
Majorana-Weyl spinor of norm one and of chirality $\pm 1$; it is
well-known \cite{Joyce} that giving such a spinor on an eight-manifold
$\mathcal{U}$ induces $\mathrm{Spin}(7)$ structures on the underlying manifold or on
its orientation reversal, whose normalized calibrations are given by
\eqref{PhiDef}. In particular, \eqref{PhiNorms} holds on $\mathcal{U}$ since
there it amounts to the condition that $\Phi^\pm$ are canonically
normalized. By continuity, this implies that \eqref{PhiNorms} also
holds on $\mathcal{W}^\pm$. $\blacksquare$
\paragraph{Remarks.}
\begin{enumerate}
\itemsep 0.0em
\item The proposition implies that the following relation holds on the non-chiral locus:
\begin{equation*}
\check{E}_{\xi,\xi}|_\mathcal{U}=P|_{\mathcal{U}}(\check{E}_{\eta^+,\eta^+}+\check{E}_{\eta^-,\eta^-})~~.
\end{equation*}
This shows how the idempotent $\check{E}_{\xi,\xi}|_{\mathcal{U}}$ which
characterizes the normalized Majorana spinor $\xi$ on the locus $\mathcal{U}$
relates to the two idempotents
$\check{E}_{\eta^\pm,\eta^\pm}|_\mathcal{U}=\Pi^\pm$ which characterize the
Majorana-Weyl spinors $\eta^\pm$ and which encode the
$\mathrm{Spin}(7)_\pm$ structures through the K\"{a}hler-Atiyah~ algebra. While $\check{E}_{\eta^+,\eta^+}$
depends only on the positive chirality spinor $\eta^+$ and
$\check{E}_{\eta^-,\eta^-}$ depends only on the negative chirality
spinor $\eta^-$, the idempotent $P$ contains the quantities $b$ and
$V$, each of which involves both chirality components of the spinor
$\xi$:
\begin{equation*}
b=||\xi^+||^2-||\xi^-||^2~~,~~V=2 \Scr B(\xi^+,\gamma_m\xi^-)e^m=(1-b^2)\Scr B(\eta^+,\gamma_m\eta^-)e^m~~.
\end{equation*}
The object $P$ encodes in the K\"{a}hler-Atiyah~ algebra the $\mathrm{SO}(7)$ structure which
corresponds to the distribution $\mathcal{D}$ on $\mathcal{U}$. Finally, notice that the idempotent $\Pi$ encodes
the $G_2$ structure along the distribution $\mathcal{D}$. Notice that $P$ and $\Pi$ commute, while $P$ and
$\Pi_\pm$ do not commute.
\item Equation \eqref{PhiT} implies that $\Phi^\pm$ coincides with
$\pm Y^\pm$ on the locus $\mathcal{W}^\pm$ since $b=\pm 1$ there. Notice
that \eqref{PhiNorms} agrees via \eqref{PhiT} with the last
equations in \eqref{SolMS}.
\end{enumerate}
\paragraph{Spinor parameterization on the loci $\mathcal{U}^\pm$.}
On the locus $\mathcal{U}$, relations \eqref{fsol} and \eqref{PhiT} give:
\begin{equation}
\label{YZT}
\boxed{
\begin{split}
&Z|_\mathcal{U}=\frac{1}{2}V(\Phi^++\Phi^-)~~,\\
&Y|_\mathcal{U}=\frac{1}{2}[(1+b)\Phi^++(1-b)\Phi^-]~~.
\end{split}}
\end{equation}
In these relations, $\Phi^+$
and $\Phi^-$ are not independent but related through:
\begin{equation*}
\Phi^\mp={\hat V}\Phi^\pm{\hat V}
\end{equation*}
as a consequence of \eqref{psipmrel}. Hence on the non-chiral locus we
can eliminate $\Phi^\mp$ in terms of $\Phi^\pm$ to obtain the
following non-redundant parameterizations:
\begin{equation*}
Z|_\mathcal{U}=\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{1-b^2}({\hat V}\Phi^\pm+\Phi^\pm {\hat V})~~,~~
Y|_\mathcal{U}=\frac{1}{2}\left[(1\pm b)\Phi^\pm +(1\mp b){\hat V}\Phi^\pm{\hat V}\right]~~,
\end{equation*}
which give:
\begin{equation*}
16 \check{E}|_\mathcal{U}=P|_{\mathcal{U}}(\Pi_\pm+{\hat V}\Pi_\pm {\hat V})=1+V+\frac{1}{2}\left[(1\pm b)\Phi^\pm+(1\mp b){\hat V}\Phi^\pm {\hat V}\right]+
\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{1-b^2}({\hat V} \Phi^\pm+\Phi^\pm {\hat V})+b\nu~~.
\end{equation*}
This imply the following parameterizations on the loci $\mathcal{U}^\pm$:
\begin{equation*}
\boxed{16 \check{E}|_{\mathcal{U}^\pm}=1+V+\frac{1}{2}\left[(1\pm b)\Phi^\pm+\frac{1}{1\pm b}V\Phi^\pm V\right]+
\frac{1}{2} (V \Phi^\pm+\Phi^\pm V)+b\nu }~~,
\end{equation*}
where it is understood that (see \eqref{limpsi}):
\begin{equation*}
\lim_{b\rightarrow \pm 1}{V\Phi^\mp}=\lim_{b\rightarrow \pm 1}{\Phi^\mp V}=0~~
\end{equation*}
and hence (see \eqref{EW}):
\begin{equation*}
16 \check{E}|_{\mathcal{W}^\pm}={\bar \Pi}^\pm|_{\mathcal{W}^\pm}=\frac{1}{16}(1+\Phi^\pm \pm \nu)|_{\mathcal{W}^\pm}~~.
\end{equation*}
Up to expressing $V$ and $b$ through $L^\pm$, this is the parameterization which corresponds to the
approach of \cite{Tsimpis}.
\subsection{Comparing spinors and G structures on the non-chiral locus}
Equation \eqref{psipm} gives:
\begin{equation*}
\Phi^\pm|_\mathcal{U}=2\psi^\pm=\psi\pm {\hat V}\wedge \varphi~~,
\end{equation*}
i.e.:
\begin{equation}
\label{PhiDec}
\boxed{(\Phi^\pm|_\mathcal{U})_\top=\pm \varphi~~,~~(\Phi^\pm|_\mathcal{U})_\perp=\psi}~~.
\end{equation}
The relation $\xi^\mp=\gamma(L^\pm)\xi^\pm$ gives
$\eta^\mp=\gamma({\hat V})\eta^\pm$, which shows that the everywhere
normalized spinor:
\begin{equation}
\label{eta0}
\eta_0\stackrel{{\rm def.}}{=} \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(\eta^++\eta^-)\in \Gamma(\mathcal{U},S)
\end{equation}
is a Majorana spinor along $\mathcal{D}$ in the seven-dimensional sense,
i.e. we have $D(\eta_0)=\eta_0$ where $D\stackrel{{\rm def.}}{=} \gamma({\hat V})$ is
the real structure of $S$, when the latter is viewed as a complex
spinor bundle over $\mathcal{D}$ (see \cite{g2}). The identity
$\boldsymbol{\check{E}}^{(4)}_{\eta^\pm,\eta^\mp}=0$ implies the following
spinorial expression for $\psi$:
\begin{equation}
\label{psieta}
\psi=\boldsymbol{\check{E}}^{(4)}_{\eta_0,\eta_0}=\frac{1}{4!}\Scr B(\eta_0,\gamma_{a_1\ldots a_4}\eta_0)e^{a_1\ldots a_4}~~.
\end{equation}
The relation $\xi^\mp=\gamma(L^\pm)\xi^\pm$ gives $\eta^\mp=\gamma({\hat V})\eta^\pm$, which implies:
\begin{equation*}
\eta_0=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(\mathrm{id}_S+\gamma({\hat V}))\eta^+= \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(\mathrm{id}_S+\gamma({\hat V}))\eta^-~~.
\end{equation*}
Notice that $\frac{1}{2}(\mathrm{id}_S+\gamma({\hat V}))$ is an idempotent
endomorphism of $S$. As explained in \cite{g2}, the spinor $\eta_0$
induces the $G_2$ structure of the distribution $\mathcal{D}$. The situation
is summarized in Table \ref{table:G}.
\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\begin{table}[tt]
\centering
\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|}
\hline
G structure & $\mathrm{Spin}(7)_+$ & $\mathrm{Spin}(7)_{-}$ & $G_2$ (on $\mathcal{D}|_\mathcal{U}$) & $\mathrm{SO}(7)$ ($\mathcal{D}|_\mathcal{U}$)\\
\hline\hline
spinor & $\eta^+$ & $\eta^-$ & $\eta_0=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(\eta^+\!\!+\eta^-)$ & ---\\
\hline
idempotent & \!\!$\Pi^+\!\!=\!\!\frac{1}{16}(1+\Phi^+\!\!+\nu)$ & \!\!$\Pi^-\!\!=\!\!\frac{1}{16}(1+\Phi^-\!\!-\nu)$ &
\!\!$\Pi=\Pi^+\!\!+\Pi^-\!\!=\frac{1}{8}(1+\psi)$& \!\!$P=\frac{1}{2}(1+V+b\nu)$ \\
\hline
forms & $\Phi^+=2\psi^+$ & $\Phi^-=2\psi^-$ & $\varphi$ and $\psi=\ast_\perp\varphi$ & $b$ and $V$ \\
\hline
extends to & $\mathcal{U}^+$ & $\mathcal{U}^-$ & $\mathcal{U}$ & $\mathcal{U}$ \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\
\caption{Summary of various $G$ structures and of their reflections in the K\"{a}hler-Atiyah~ algebra.}
\label{table:G}
\end{table}~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
\paragraph{Remarks.}
\begin{enumerate}
\itemsep 0.0em
\item None of the $G$ structures in Table \ref{table:G} extends to $M$. In
fact, the structure group $\mathrm{SO}(8)$ of the frame bundle of $M$ {\em does not
globally reduce, in general, to any proper subgroup}. As pointed out in
\cite{Tsimpis}, this is due to the fact that the action of $\mathrm{Spin}(8)$
on the fibers $S_p\simeq \mathbb{R}^{16}$ of $S$ (which is the action of
$\mathrm{Spin}(8)$ on the direct sum ${\bf 8}_s\oplus {\bf 8}_c$ of the
positive and negative chirality spin $1/2$ representations) is not
transitive when restricted to the unit sphere $S^{15}\subset
\mathbb{R}^{16}$. As shown in loc. cit, one can in some sense ``cure'' this problem by
considering the manifold ${\hat M}\stackrel{{\rm def.}}{=} M\times S^1$, using the fact that $\mathrm{Spin}(9)$
acts transitively on $S^{15}$. However, such an approach does not
immediately provide useful information on the geometry of $M$, in
particular the geometry of the singular foliation $\bar{\mathcal{F}}$
discussed in the next subsection is not immediately visible in that
approach. It was also shown in loc. cit. that one can repackage the
information contained in the $\mathrm{Spin}(7)_\pm$ structures into a
generalized $\mathrm{Spin}(7)$ structure on ${\hat M}$ in the sense of
\cite{Witt}. In particular, it is easy to check that relations (4.8)
of \cite{Tsimpis} are equivalent with some of the exterior
differential constraints which can be obtained by expanding equation
(3.5) of \cite{g2} into its rank components --- exterior differential
constraints which were discussed at length in \cite{ga1} and in the
appendix of \cite{g2}. As shown in detail in \cite{g2}, those exterior
differential constraints do not suffice to encode the full supersymmetry
conditions for such backgrounds.
\item The fact that the structure group of $TM$ does not globally
reduce beyond $\mathrm{SO}(8)$ in this class of examples illustrates some
limits of the philosophy that flux compactifications can be
described using reductions of structure group. That philosophy is
based on the observation that a collection of (s)pinors defines a
{\em local} reduction of structure group over any open subset of the
compactification manifold $M$ along which the stabilizer of the
pointwise values of those spinors is fixed up to conjugacy in the
corresponding $\mathrm{Spin}$ or $\mathrm{Pin}$ group. However, such a reduction
does {\em not} generally hold globally on $M$, since the local
reductions thus obtained can ``jump'' --- in our class of examples,
the jump occurs at the points of the chiral locus $\mathcal{W}$. The
appropriate notion is instead that of {\em generalized} reduction of
structure group, of which the class of compactifications considered
here is an example. In this respect, we mention that the cosmooth
generalized distribution $\mathcal{D}$ can be viewed as providing a
generalized reduction of structure group of $M$, which is an
ordinary reduction from $\mathrm{SO}(8)$ to $\mathrm{SO}(7)$ only when restricted to
its regular subset $\mathcal{U}$, on which $\mathcal{D}|_\mathcal{U}$ provides \cite{g2} an
almost product structure. We also mention that the conditions
imposed by supersymmetry can be formulated globally by using an
extension of the language of Haefliger structures (see Section
\ref{subsec:Haefliger}), an approach which can in fact be used to
give a fully general approach to flux compactifications. It is such
concepts, rather than the classical concept of $G$ structures
\cite{Chern}, which provide the language appropriate for giving
{\em globally valid} descriptions of the most general flux
compactifications.
\end{enumerate}
\subsection{The singular foliation of $M$ defined by $\mathcal{D}$}
\label{subsec:Haefliger}
As in \cite{g2}, one can show that the one-form:
\begin{equation*}
{\boldsymbol{\omega}}\stackrel{{\rm def.}}{=} 4\kappa e^{3\Delta} V~~
\end{equation*}
satisfies the following relations which hold globally on $M$ as a
consequence of the supersymmetry conditions \eqref{par_eq}:
\begin{eqnarray}
\label{meq}
\mathrm{d}{\boldsymbol{\omega}}&=&0~~,~~\\
{\boldsymbol{\omega}}~&=&\mathbf{f}-\mathrm{d}\mathbf{b}~~,~~\mathrm{where}~~\mathbf{b}\stackrel{{\rm def.}}{=} e^{3\Delta}b~~.\nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
As a result of the first equation, the generalized distribution
$\mathcal{D}=\mathrm{ker} V=\mathrm{ker}{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ determines a singular foliation $\bar{\mathcal{F}}$
of $M$, which degenerates along the chiral locus $\mathcal{W}$, since that locus
coincides with the set of zeroes of ${\boldsymbol{\omega}}$. The second
equation implies that ${\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ belongs to the cohomology class $\mathfrak{f}\in
H^1(M,\mathbb{R})$ of $\mathbf{f}$.
Since $\mathcal{D}$ is cosmooth rather than smooth, the notion of singular
foliation which is appropriate in our case\footnote{Notice that this
is not the notion of singular foliation considered in
\cite{Androulidakis1,Androulidakis2}, which is instead based on
Stefan-Sussmann (i.e. smooth, rather than cosmooth) distributions.}
is that of Haefliger structure \cite{Haefliger}. More precisely,
$\bar{\mathcal{F}}$ can be described as the Haefliger structure defined as
follows. Consider an open cover $(U_\alpha)_{\alpha\in I}$ of $M$ such
that each $U_\alpha$ is simply-connected and let ${\boldsymbol{\omega}}_\alpha\stackrel{{\rm def.}}{=}
{\boldsymbol{\omega}}|_{U_\alpha}\in \Omega^1(U_\alpha)$. We have
${\boldsymbol{\omega}}_\alpha=\mathrm{d} {\mathbf h}_\alpha$ for some ${\mathbf h}_\alpha\in
\Omega^0(U_\alpha)$, where ${\mathbf h}_\alpha$ are determined up to shifts:
\begin{equation}
\label{hshifts}
{\mathbf h}_\alpha\rightarrow \mathbf{h}'_\alpha+{\mathbf c}_\alpha~~,~~{\mathbf c}_\alpha\in \mathbb{R}~~.
\end{equation}
For any $\alpha,\beta\in I$ and any $p\in U_\alpha\cap U_\beta$,
consider the orientation-preserving diffeomorphism
$\boldsymbol{\phi}_{\alpha\beta}(p)\in \mathrm{Diff}_+(\mathbb{R})$ of the real line
given by the translation:
\begin{equation*}
\boldsymbol{\phi}_{\alpha\beta}(p)(x)\stackrel{{\rm def.}}{=} x+{\mathbf h}_\beta(p)-{\mathbf h}_\alpha(p)~~\forall x\in \mathbb{R}~~.
\end{equation*}
Then $\boldsymbol{\phi}_{\alpha\beta}(p)({\mathbf
h}_\alpha(p))={\mathbf h}_\beta(p)$. The germ
$\hat{\boldsymbol{\phi}}_{\alpha\beta}(p)$ of
$\boldsymbol{\phi}_{\alpha\beta}(p)$ at ${\mathbf h}_\alpha(p)$ is an
element of the Haefliger groupoid $\Gamma_1^\infty$ and
it is easy to check that
$\hat{\boldsymbol{\phi}}_{\alpha\beta}:U_\alpha\cap U_\beta\rightarrow
\Gamma_1^\infty$ is a Haefliger cocycle on $M$:
\begin{equation*}
\hat{\boldsymbol{\phi}}_{\beta\gamma}(p)\circ \hat{\boldsymbol{\phi}}_{\alpha\beta}(p)=\hat{\boldsymbol{\phi}}_{\alpha\gamma}(p)~~~~\forall \alpha,\beta,\gamma\in I~~,~~\forall p\in U_\alpha\cap U_\beta\cap U_\gamma~~.
\end{equation*}
Moreover, the shifts \eqref{hshifts} correspond to transformations:
\begin{equation*}
\hat{\boldsymbol{\phi}}_{\alpha\beta}\rightarrow \hat{\boldsymbol{\phi}}'_{\alpha\beta}=\hat{{\mathbf q}}_\beta\circ \hat{\boldsymbol{\phi}}_{\alpha\beta}\circ \hat{{\mathbf q}}_\alpha^{-1}~~,
\end{equation*}
where $\hat{\mathbf{q}}_\alpha:U_\alpha\rightarrow \Gamma_1^\infty$ are defined by
declaring that $\hat{\mathbf{q}}_{\alpha}(p)$ is the germ
at $p\in U_\alpha$ of the orientation-preserving diffeomorphism
$\mathbf{t}_\alpha\in \mathrm{Diff}_+(\mathbb{R})$ given by the following translation
of the real line:
\begin{equation*}
\mathbf{t}_\alpha(x)=x+{\mathbf c}_\alpha~~\forall x\in \mathbb{R}~~.
\end{equation*}
It follows that the closed one-form ${\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ determines a
well-defined element of the non-Abelian cohomology $\in
H^1(M,\Gamma_1^\infty)$, which is the Haefliger structure defined by
${\boldsymbol{\omega}}$. The singular foliation $\bar{\mathcal{F}}$ which ``integrates''
$\mathcal{D}$ can be identified with this element.
The approach through Haefliger structures allows one to define
rigorously the singular foliation $\bar{\mathcal{F}}$ in the most general
case, i.e. without making any supplementary assumptions on the closed
one-form ${\boldsymbol{\omega}}$. In general, such singular foliations can be
extremely complicated and little is known about their topology and
geometry. However, the description of $\bar{\mathcal{F}}$ simplifies when
${\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ is a closed one-form of Morse or Bott-Morse type. In
Section \ref{sec:Morse}, we discuss the Morse case, recalling some
results which apply to $\bar{\mathcal{F}}$ in that situation.
\section{Relating the $G_2$ and $\mathrm{Spin}(7)$ approaches on the non-chiral locus}
\label{sec:G2Spin7}
On the non-chiral locus $\mathcal{U}$, we have the regular foliation $\mathcal{F}$
which is endowed with a longitudinal $G_2$ structure having
associative and coassociative forms $\varphi$ and $\psi$. We also have
a $\mathrm{Spin}(7)_+$ and a $\mathrm{Spin}(7)_-$ structure, which are determined
respectively by the calibrations $\Phi^\pm=2\psi^\pm=\psi\pm {\hat
V}\wedge \varphi$. Given this data, one can relate various
quantities determined by $(\mathcal{D},\varphi)$ to quantities determined by
$\Phi^\pm$ as we explain below. We stress that the results of this
subsection are independent of the supersymmetry conditions
\eqref{par_eq} and hence they hold in the general situation described
above. We mention that the relation between the type of $G_2$
structure induced on an oriented submanifold of a $\mathrm{Spin}(7)$ structure
manifold and the intrinsic geometry of such submanifolds was studied
in \cite{Gray,Cabrera}.
\subsection{The $\G_2$ and $\mathrm{Spin}(7)_\pm$ decompositions of $\Omega^4(\mathcal{U})$}
The group $G_2$ has a natural fiberwise rank-preserving action on the
graded vector bundle $\wedge (\mathcal{D}|_\mathcal{U})^\ast$, which is given at every $p\in
\mathcal{U}$ by the local embedding of $G_2$ as the stabilizer $G_{2,p}$ in
$\mathrm{SO}(\mathcal{D}_p)$ of the 3-form $\varphi_p\in \wedge^3(\mathcal{D}_p^\ast)$. Since
$\mathrm{SO}(\mathcal{D}_p)$ embeds into $\mathrm{SO}(T_pM)$ as the stabilizer of the 1-form
$V_p\in T_p^\ast M$, this induces a rank-preserving action of
$G_{2,p}$ on $\wedge T_p^\ast\mathcal{U}$ which can be described as
follows. Decomposing any form $\omega\in \wedge T_p^\ast \mathcal{U}$ as
$\omega=\omega_\perp+{\hat V}\wedge \omega_\top$, the action of an
element of $g$ of $G_2$ on $\omega$ is given by the simultaneous
action of $g$ on the components $\omega_\perp$ and $\omega_\top$, both
of which belong to $\wedge \mathcal{D}_p^\ast$. The corresponding
representation of $G_2$ at $p$ is equivalent with the direct sum of
the representations in which the components $\omega_\top$ and
$\omega_\perp$ transform at $p$. In particular, $F_{\perp,p}$ and
$F_{\top,p}$ transform in a $G_2$ representation which is equivalent
with the direct sum $\wedge^3 \mathcal{D}^\ast_p\oplus \wedge^4 \mathcal{D}^\ast_p$.
The group $\mathrm{Spin}(7)$ is embedded inside $\mathrm{SO}(T_pM)$
in two ways, namely as the stabilizers $\mathrm{Spin}(7)_{\pm,p}$ of the
selfdual 4-forms $\Phi^{\pm}_p$. Then \eqref{PhiT} shows that
$G_{2,p}$ is the stabilizer of $V_p$ in $\mathrm{Spin}(7)_{\pm,p}$. The action
of $G_{2,p}$ on $\wedge T^\ast_p M$ is obtained from that of
$\mathrm{Spin}(7)_{\pm,p}$ by restriction. Hence the irreducible components of
the action of $\mathrm{Spin}(7)_{\pm,p}$ on $\wedge^k(T^\ast_p M)$ decompose
as direct sums of the irreducible components of the action of
$G_{2,p}$ on the same space. We have the following decompositions into
irreps. (see, for example, \cite{Fernandez, Kthesis}):
\begin{eqnarray}
\label{irreps}
\wedge^4 T^\ast_p M &=& \wedge^4_{{\bf 1},\pm}T^\ast_p M\oplus \wedge^4_{{\bf 7},\pm}T^\ast_p M\oplus \wedge^4_{{\bf 27},\pm}T^\ast_p M\oplus \wedge^4_{{\bf 35},\pm}T^\ast_p M~~~\mathrm{for}~~\mathrm{Spin}(7)_{\pm,p}~~,\nonumber\\
\wedge^4 T^\ast_p M &=& \wedge^4_{1}T^\ast_p M\oplus \wedge^4_{7}T^\ast_p M\oplus \wedge^4_{27}T^\ast_p M~~~\mathrm{for}~~G_{2,p}~~,\\
\wedge^3 T^\ast_p M &=& \wedge^3_{1}T^\ast_p M\oplus \wedge^3_{7}T^\ast_p M\oplus \wedge^3_{27}T^\ast_p M~~~\mathrm{for}~~G_{2,p}~~,\nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
where the numbers used as lower indices indicate the dimension of the
corresponding irrep. The last two of these decompositions imply
similar decompositions into irreps. of $G_{2,p}$ for the spaces of
selfdual and anti-selfdual three- and four-forms:
\begin{equation}
(\wedge^4 T^\ast_p M)^\pm = \wedge^4_{1}T^\ast_p M\oplus \wedge^4_{7}T^\ast_p M\oplus \wedge^4_{27}T^\ast_p M~~~\mathrm{for}~~G_{2,p}~~.
\end{equation}
Furthermore, we have:
\begin{eqnarray}
\label{Spin7ASD}
\begin{split}
& (\wedge^4 T^\ast_p M)^\pm=\wedge^4_{{\bf 1},\pm}T^\ast_p M\oplus \wedge^4_{{\bf 7},\pm}T^\ast_p M\oplus \wedge^4_{{\bf 27},\pm}T^\ast_p M~~~\mathrm{for}~~\mathrm{Spin}(7)_{\pm,p}~~,\\
& (\wedge^4 T^\ast_p M)^\mp = \wedge^4_{{\bf 35},\pm}T^\ast_p M~~~\mathrm{for}~~\mathrm{Spin}(7)_{\pm,p}~~,
\end{split}
\end{eqnarray}
where the $\pm$ superscripts indicate the subspaces of selfdual and
anti-selfdual forms while the $\pm$ subscripts indicate which of the
$\mathrm{Spin}(7)_p$ subgroups of $\mathrm{SO}(T_pM)$ we consider. Comparing these
two decompositions, one sees immediately that the irreps of
$\mathrm{Spin}(7)_{\pm,p}$ appearing in \eqref{Spin7ASD} decompose as follows
under the $G_2$ action on $\wedge^4 T^\ast_p M$ which was discussed
above:
\begin{eqnarray}
\label{G2Spin7Irreps}
\boxed{
\begin{split}
&\wedge^4_{{\bf k},\pm}T^\ast_p M = \wedge^4_{k}T^\ast_p M~~,~~\mathrm{for}~~k=1,7,27~~\\
&\wedge^4_{{\bf 35},\pm}T^\ast_p M = \wedge^4_{1}T^\ast_p M\oplus \wedge^4_{7}T^\ast_p M\oplus \wedge^4_{27}T^\ast_p M
\end{split}}~~.
\end{eqnarray}
Let $\omega^{(k)}\in \Omega_k(\mathcal{U})$ and $\omega^{{\bf [k]}}_\pm\in
\Omega_{{\bf k}}(\mathcal{U})$ denote the (pointwise) projections of a form
$\omega$ on the irreps of $G_2$ and $\mathrm{Spin}(7)_\pm$ respectively.
\subsection{The $G_2$ and $\mathrm{Spin}(7)_\pm$ parameterizations of $F$}
\label{subsec:Spin7Param}
\paragraph{$G_2$ parameterization.}
Recall from \cite{g2} that $F|_\mathcal{U}=F_\perp+{\hat V}\wedge F_\top$ and
$f|_\mathcal{U}=f_\perp+f_\top{\hat V} $, where $f_\top\in \Omega^0(\mathcal{U})$,
$f_\perp\in \Omega^1_\mathcal{U}(\mathcal{D})$, $F_\top\in \Omega^3_\mathcal{U}(\mathcal{D})$ and $F_\perp\in
\Omega^4_\mathcal{U}(\mathcal{D})$, with:
\begin{eqnarray}
\label{Fdecomp}
\boxed{
\begin{split}
&F_\perp=F_\perp^{(7)}+F_\perp^{(S)}~~\mathrm{where}~
~F_\perp^{(7)}=\alpha_1\wedge\varphi\in \Omega^4_7(\mathcal{D})~~,
~~F_\perp^{(S)}=-\hat{h}_{kl}e^k\wedge\iota_{e^l}\psi\in \Omega^4_{\mathcal{U},S}(\mathcal{D})~~~\\
&F_\top=F_\top^{(7)}+F_\top^{(S)}~~\mathrm{where}~
~F_\top^{(7)}=-\iota_{\alpha_2}\psi\in \Omega^3_{\mathcal{U},7}(\mathcal{D})~~,
~~F_\top^{(S)}=\chi_{kl}e^k\wedge\iota_{e^l}\varphi\in \Omega^3_{\mathcal{U},S}(\mathcal{D})~
\end{split}
}~~.~~~~~~~
\end{eqnarray}
Here $\alpha_1,\alpha_2\in\Omega^1_\mathcal{U}(\mathcal{D})$, while ${\hat h}=\frac{1}{2}{\hat
h}_{ij}e^i\odot e^j$ and $\chi=\frac{1}{2}\chi_{ij}e^i\odot e^j$ are
sections of the bundle $\mathrm{Sym}^2_\mathcal{U}(\mathcal{D}^\ast)$. We have
$F_\top^{(S)}=F_\top^{(1)}+F_\top^{(27)}$ with $F_\top^{(1)}\in
\Omega^3_1(\mathcal{D})~,~F_\top^{(27)}\in \Omega^3_{\mathcal{U},27}(\mathcal{D})$ and a similar
decomposition for $F_\perp^{(S)}$. The last relations correspond to
the decompositions of $\chi$ and ${\hat h}$ into their homothety parts
$\mathrm{tr}(\chi)g|_\mathcal{D}$, $\mathrm{tr}({\hat h})g|_\mathcal{D}$ and traceless parts:
\begin{equation*}
\chi^{(0)}\stackrel{{\rm def.}}{=} \chi-\frac{1}{7}\mathrm{tr}(\chi)g|_\mathcal{D}~~,~~h^{(0)}={\hat h}-\frac{1}{7}\mathrm{tr}({\hat h})g|_\mathcal{D}~~.
\end{equation*}
Let $h,{\hat \chi}\in \mathrm{Sym}^2_\mathcal{U}(\mathcal{D}^\ast)$ denote the symmetric
tensors defined through:
\begin{equation*}
h_{ij}\stackrel{{\rm def.}}{=} {\hat h}_{ij}-\frac{1}{3}\mathrm{tr}_g({\hat h})g_{ij}~~,~~{\hat \chi}_{ij}\stackrel{{\rm def.}}{=} \chi_{ij}-\frac{1}{4}\mathrm{tr}_g(\chi)g_{ij}~~,
\end{equation*}
where:
\begin{equation*}
\mathrm{tr}_g(\chi)=-\frac{4}{3}\mathrm{tr}_g({\hat \chi})~~,~~\mathrm{tr}_g({\hat h})=-\frac{3}{4}\mathrm{tr}_g( h)~~.
\end{equation*}
The situation is summarized in Table 2.
\begin{table}[tt]
\centering
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|}
\hline
$G_2$ representation & $1$ & $7$ & $27$ \\
\hline\hline
$F_\perp\in \Omega^4_\mathcal{U}(\mathcal{D})$ & $\mathrm{tr}_g({\hat h})$ & $\alpha_1 \in \Omega^1_\mathcal{U}(\mathcal{D})$ & $h^{(0)}\in \mathrm{Sym}^2_{\mathcal{U},0}(\mathcal{D}^\ast)$ \\
\hline
$F_\top\in \Omega^3_\mathcal{U}(\mathcal{D})$ & $\mathrm{tr}_g({\hat \chi})$ & $\alpha_2 \in \Omega^1_\mathcal{U}(\mathcal{D})$ & $\chi^{(0)} \in \mathrm{Sym}^2_{\mathcal{U},0}(\mathcal{D}^\ast)$ \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\
\caption{The $G_2$ parameterization of $F$ on the non-chiral locus.}
\label{table:G2param}
\end{table}
\paragraph{$\mathrm{Spin}(7)_\pm$ parameterization.}
The discussion of the previous subsection gives the following decompositions of the selfdual and anti-selfdual parts of $F$:
\begin{equation*}
F^\pm=F^{[\bf{1}]}_\pm+F^{[\bf{7}]}_\pm+F^{[\bf{27}]}_\pm\in \Omega^{4\pm}(\mathcal{U})~~,~~F^\mp=F^{[\bf{35}]}_\pm\in \Omega^{4\mp}(\mathcal{U})~~.
\end{equation*}
Since the Hodge operator intertwines $\mathrm{Spin}(7)_\pm$ representations, we have:
\begin{eqnarray*}
&&(F^{[\bf{k}]}_\pm)_\perp=\pm \ast_\perp (F^{[\bf{k}]}_\pm)_\top~~~\mathrm{for}~~k=1,7,27~~,\\
&&(F^{[\bf{35}]}_\pm)_\perp=\mp \ast_\perp (F^{[\bf{35}]}_\pm)_\top~~.
\end{eqnarray*}
One can parameterize $F^{[{\bf k}]}_\pm$ through a zero-form
$\mathcal{F}^{[\bf{1}]}_\pm\in \Omega^0(\mathcal{U})$, a 2-form $\mathcal{F}^{[{\bf 7}]}_\pm\in
\Omega^2(\mathcal{U})$, a $\mathcal{D}$-longitudinal traceless symmetric covariant tensor $\mathcal{F}^{[{\bf
27}]}_\pm\in \mathrm{Sym}^2_{\mathcal{U},0}(\mathcal{D}^\ast)$ and a traceless symmetric
covariant tensor $\mathcal{F}^{[{\bf 35}]}_\pm\in \mathrm{Sym}^2_0(T^\ast \mathcal{U})$, which are
defined by:
\begin{eqnarray}
\label{TF1F7}
&&F^{[\bf{1}]}_\pm=\frac{1}{42}\mathcal{F}^{[\bf{1}]}_\pm \Phi^\pm~~,\nonumber\\
&&F^{[\bf{7}]}_\pm=\frac{1}{96}\Phi\bigtriangleup_1\mathcal{F}^{[\bf{7}]}_\pm~~,\nonumber\\
&&F^{[\bf{27}]}_\pm=\frac{1}{24}(\mathcal{F}^{[{\bf 27}]}_\pm)_{ij}e^i\wedge \iota_{e^j}\Phi^\mp~~,\\
&&F^{[\bf{35}]}_\pm=\frac{1}{24}(\mathcal{F}^{[\bf{35}]}_{\pm})_{ab}e^a\wedge \iota_{e^b}\Phi^\pm\nonumber~~.
\end{eqnarray}
The quantities $\mathcal{F}^{[{\bf k}]}$ with $k=1,7,35$ can be recovered
from $F$ through the relation:
\begin{equation}
\label{cFF}
6(\iota_{e^a}F)\bigtriangleup_3(\iota_{e^b}\Phi^\pm)=g_{ab}\mathcal{F}^{[{\bf 1}]}_\pm+(\mathcal{F}^{[{\bf 7}]}_\pm)_{ab}+(\mathcal{F}^{[{\bf 35}]}_\pm)_{ab}~~.
\end{equation}
Define:
\begin{equation}
\label{Tparam}
\boxed{
\begin{split}
& \beta_{1\pm}\stackrel{{\rm def.}}{=} (\mathcal{F}^{[\bf{7}]}_\pm)_\top\in \Omega^1_\mathcal{U}(\mathcal{D})~~,\\
& \beta_{2\pm}\stackrel{{\rm def.}}{=} n~\lrcorner~{\cal F}_\pm^{[{\bf 35}]}=(\mathcal{F}^{[{\bf 35}]}_\pm)_{1j}e^j\in \Omega^1_\mathcal{U}(\mathcal{D})~~,\\
& \sigma_\pm\stackrel{{\rm def.}}{=}\frac{1}{2}(\mathcal{F}^{[\bf{35}]}_\pm)_{ij}e^i\odot e^j\in \mathrm{Sym}^2_{\mathcal{U}}(\mathcal{D}^\ast)~~,
\end{split}
}~~
\end{equation}
where $e_a$ is a local orthonormal frame such that $e_1=n\stackrel{{\rm def.}}{=} {\hat
V}^\sharp$ and $j=2,\ldots, 8$. The fact that $F^{[{\bf 7}]}_\pm$ is
(anti-)selfdual implies:
\begin{equation}
\label{cF7perp}
(\mathcal{F}^{[\bf{7}]}_\pm)_\perp=\mp\iota_{\beta_{1\pm}}\varphi~~.
\end{equation}
\begin{table}[tt]
\centering
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|}
\hline
$\mathrm{Spin}(7)_\pm$ representation & $\mathbf{1}$ & $\mathbf{7}$ & $\mathbf{27}$ & $\mathbf{35}$\\
\hline\hline
component & $F^{[{\bf 1}]}_\pm\in \Omega^{4\mp}(\mathcal{U})$ & $F^{[{\bf 7}]}_\pm\in \Omega^{4\mp} (\mathcal{U})$ & $F^{[{\bf 27}]}_\pm\in \Omega^{4\mp}(\mathcal{U})$ & $F^{[{\bf 35}]}_\pm\in \Omega^{4\pm}(\mathcal{U})$\\
\hline
$\mathcal{U}$-tensors & $\mathcal{F}^{[{\bf 1}]}_\pm\in \Omega^0(\mathcal{U})$ & $\mathcal{F}^{[{\bf 7}]}_\pm\in \Omega^2(\mathcal{U})$ & $\mathcal{F}^{[{\bf 27}]}_\pm\in \mathrm{Sym}^2_{\mathcal{U},0}(\mathcal{D}^\ast)$ & $\mathcal{F}^{[{\bf 35}]}_\pm\in \mathrm{Sym}^2_0(T^\ast \mathcal{U})$ \\
\hline
$\mathcal{D}$-tensors & $\mathcal{F}^{[{\bf 1}]}_\pm\in \Omega^0(\mathcal{U})$ & $\beta_{1\pm}\in \Omega^1_\mathcal{U}(\mathcal{D})$ & $\mathcal{F}^{[{\bf 27}]}_\pm\in \mathrm{Sym}^2_{\mathcal{U},0}(\mathcal{D}^\ast)$ & $\begin{array}{c}\beta_{2\pm}\in \Omega^1_\mathcal{U}(\mathcal{D})~~ \\ \sigma\in \mathrm{Sym}^2_\mathcal{U}(\mathcal{D}^\ast)\end{array}$ \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\
\caption{The $\mathrm{Spin}(7)_\pm$ parameterization of $F$ on the non-chiral locus and its $\mathcal{D}$-refined version.}
\label{table:Spin7param}
\end{table}
\noindent Choosing an orthonormal frame with $e_1=n={\hat V}^\sharp$
and recalling \eqref{PhiDec}, relations \eqref{TF1F7} and
\eqref{Tparam} give the following parameterization of $F$, which
refines the parameterization used in \cite{Tsimpis} by taking into
account the decomposition into directions parallel and perpendicular
to ${\hat V}$:
\begin{equation}
\label{FSpin7TParam}
\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\boxed{
\begin{split}
&(F^{[\bf{1}]}_\pm)_\top=\pm \frac{1}{42}\mathcal{F}^{[\bf{1}]}_\pm \varphi~~,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~(F^{[\bf{1}]}_\pm)_\perp=\frac{1}{42}\mathcal{F}^{[\bf{1}]}_\pm\psi~~,\\
&(F^{[\bf{7}]}_\pm)_\top=\frac{1}{24}\iota_{\beta_{1\pm}}\psi~~,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~(F^{[\bf{7}]}_\pm)_\perp=\mp \frac{1}{24}\beta_{1\pm}\wedge \varphi~~,\\
& (F^{[\bf{27}]}_\pm)_\top=\mp\frac{1}{24}(\mathcal{F}^{[{\bf 27}]}_\pm)_{ij}e^i\wedge \iota_{e^j}\varphi~~,~~~(F^{[\bf{27}]}_\pm)_\perp=\frac{1}{24}(\mathcal{F}^{[{\bf 27}]}_\pm)_{ij}e^i\wedge \iota_{e^j}\psi~~,\\
&(F^{[\bf{35}]}_\pm)_\top\!=\pm\frac{1}{24}\big[\iota_{\beta_{2\pm}} \psi-\frac{4}{7}(\mathrm{tr}\sigma_\pm)\varphi+(\sigma_\pm^{(0)})_{ij}e^i\wedge \iota_{e^j}\varphi\big]~~,\\
& (F^{[\bf{35}]}_\pm)_\perp\!=\frac{1}{24}\big[{\beta_{2\pm}}\wedge \varphi+\frac{4}{7}(\mathrm{tr}\sigma_\pm)\psi+(\sigma_\pm^{(0)})_{ij}e^i\wedge \iota_{e^j}\psi\big]~~.
\end{split}}
\end{equation}
To arrive at the above, we used the relations:
\begin{equation*}
\varphi\bigtriangleup_1 (\mathcal{F}^{[\bf{7}]}_\pm)_\perp=\mp 3\iota_{\beta_{1\pm}}\psi~~,~~\psi\bigtriangleup_1(\mathcal{F}^{[\bf{7}]}_\pm)_\perp =\mp 3\beta_{1\pm}\wedge \varphi~~,
\end{equation*}
which follow from \eqref{cF7perp} and the identities given in the
Appendix of \cite{Kflows}.
\paragraph{Relating the $G_2$ and $\mathrm{Spin}(7)_\pm$ parameterizations of $F$.}
Relation \eqref{G2Spin7Irreps} implies:
\begin{equation}
\label{FSpin7TopPerp}
\!\!\!\!\!\!\begin{split}
&(F_\pm^{\bf [k]})_\top=\frac{1}{2}(F_\top^{(k)}\pm \ast_\perp F_\perp^{(k)})~~~~,~~~(F_\pm^{\bf [k]})_\perp=\frac{1}{2}(F_\perp^{(k)}\pm \ast_\perp F_\top^{(k)}) ~~~\mathrm{for}~~k=1,7,27~~,\\
&(F_\pm^{\bf [35]})_\top=\frac{1}{2}(F_\top\mp \ast_\perp F_\perp)~~~~~,~~~(F_\pm^{\bf [35]})_\perp=\frac{1}{2}(F_\perp\mp \ast_\perp F_\top)~~.
\end{split}
\end{equation}
Comparing \eqref{FSpin7TParam} with \eqref{FSpin7TopPerp} and using
the $G_2$ parameterization of $F_\top$ and $F_\perp$ given in
\eqref{Fdecomp}, one can express the quantities in the last row of
Table \ref{table:Spin7param} in terms of $\alpha_1,\alpha_2$ and
${\hat h},{\hat \chi}$:
\begin{equation}
\label{Spin7G2Param}
\boxed{
\begin{split}
&\mathcal{F}^{[{\bf 1}]}_\pm=-12\mathrm{tr}_g({\hat h}\pm{\hat \chi})~~,\\
&\sigma_\pm~~~=-12({\hat h}\mp{\hat \chi})~~,\\
&\mathcal{F}^{[{\bf 27}]}_\pm=-12({\hat h}^{(0)}\pm{\hat \chi}^{(0)})~~,\\
&\beta_{1\pm}~~=-12(\alpha_2\pm\alpha_1)~~,\\
&\beta_{2\pm}~~=+12(\alpha_1\mp \alpha_2)~~.
\end{split}}
\end{equation}
These simple relations provide the connection between the $G_2$
parameterization \eqref{Fdecomp} and the refined $\mathrm{Spin}(7)_\pm$
parameterizations \eqref{FSpin7TParam}, thus allowing one to relate
the $G_2$ and $\mathrm{Spin}(7)_\pm$ decompositions of $F$.
\subsection{Relating the $G_2$ torsion classes to the Lee form and characteristic torsion of the $\mathrm{Spin}(7)_\pm$ structures}
Recall that the {\em Lee form} of the $\mathrm{Spin}(7)_\pm$ structure
determined by $\Phi^\pm$ on $\mathcal{U}$ is the one-form defined through:
\begin{equation}
\label{Lee}
\boxed{\theta_\pm\stackrel{{\rm def.}}{=} \pm \frac{1}{7}\ast (\Phi^\pm\wedge \updelta\Phi^\pm) =-\frac{1}{7}\ast[\Phi^\pm\wedge (\ast \mathrm{d}\Phi^\pm)]\in \Omega^1(\mathcal{U})~\Longrightarrow ~\Phi^\pm\wedge \updelta\Phi^\pm=\mp 7\ast \theta_\pm}~~,
\end{equation}
where we use the conventions of \cite{Ivanov} and the fact that $\ast
\Phi^\pm=\pm\Phi^\pm$. Also recall from loc. cit. that there exists a
unique $g$-compatible connection $\nabla^c$ with skew-symmetric
torsion such that $\nabla^c\Phi^\pm=0$. This connection is called the
{\em characteristic connection} of the $\mathrm{Spin}(7)_\pm$ structure. Its
torsion form (obtained by lowering the upper index of the torsion
tensor of $\nabla^c$) is given by:
\begin{equation}
\label{Spin7Torsion}
\boxed{T_\pm=-\updelta\Phi^\pm\mp \frac{7}{6}\ast(\theta_\pm\wedge\Phi^\pm)=-\updelta\Phi^\pm
-\frac{7}{6}\iota_{\theta_\pm}\Phi^\pm=\pm \ast (\mathrm{d}\Phi^\pm - \frac{7}{6}\theta_\pm\wedge\Phi^\pm)\in \Omega^3(\mathcal{U})}
\end{equation}
and is called the {\em characteristic torsion} of the $\mathrm{Spin}(7)_\pm$
structure. The normalization relation $||\Phi^\pm||^2=14$,
i.e. $\Phi^\pm\wedge \Phi^\pm=\pm 14\nu$ implies $\Phi^\pm\wedge
\iota_{\theta_\pm}\Phi^\pm=\pm 7\ast\theta_\pm$. Thus $\Phi^\pm\wedge
T_\pm=\mp\frac{7}{6}\ast \theta_\pm$, where we used \eqref{Lee} and
\eqref{Spin7Torsion}. It follows that the Lee form is determined by
the characteristic torsion through the equation:
\begin{equation}
\label{thetaT}
\boxed{\theta_\pm=\pm \frac{6}{7}\ast(\Phi^\pm\wedge T_\pm)}~~.
\end{equation}
Relation \eqref{Spin7Torsion} shows that the exterior derivative of $\Phi^\pm$ takes the form:
\begin{equation}
\label{Spin7TorsionEq}
\mathrm{d} \Phi^\pm= \frac{7}{6}\theta_\pm\wedge \Phi^\pm\mp \ast T_\pm=\pm[\ast(\Phi^\pm\wedge T_\pm)]\wedge \Phi^\pm \mp \ast T_\pm~~.
\end{equation}
Recall the relation (see \cite{g2}):
\begin{equation*}
D_n\psi=-3\vartheta\wedge \varphi~~,
\end{equation*}
where $\vartheta\in \Omega^1(\mathcal{D})$. Together with \eqref{PhiDec} and with the formula for the exterior
derivative of longitudinal forms (see Appendix C. of \cite{g2}), this gives:
\begin{eqnarray*}
(\mathrm{d} \Phi^\pm)_\top &=&\pm (H_\sharp \mp3\vartheta - 3\tau_1) \wedge \varphi -(\frac{4}{7}\mathrm{tr} A\pm\tau_0 )\psi
- A^{(0)}_{jk}e^j\wedge \iota_{e^k}\psi \mp \ast_\perp\tau_3~~, \\
(\mathrm{d} \Phi^\pm)_\perp &=& 4\tau_1\wedge \psi+\ast_\perp\tau_2~~,
\end{eqnarray*}
which implies:
\begin{eqnarray}
(\ast \mathrm{d} \Phi^\pm)_\top&=&-\tau_2- 4\iota_{\tau_1}\varphi~~,\nonumber\\
(\ast \mathrm{d} \Phi^\pm)_\perp&=&\mp ~\iota_{(H_\sharp \mp3\vartheta-3\tau_1)}\psi - (\frac{4}{7}\mathrm{tr} A\pm\tau_0 )\varphi + A^{(0)}_{jk}e^j\wedge \iota_{e^k}\varphi \mp\tau_3~~.
\end{eqnarray}
Using this relation and \eqref{PhiDec}, we can compute $\theta_\pm$ from
\eqref{Lee} and then determine $T_\pm$ from equation
\eqref{Spin7Torsion}. We find:
\begin{equation}
\label{Ttheta}
\!\!\!\!\boxed{
\begin{split}
&(\theta_\pm)_\top\!\!=-\frac{4}{7}\mathrm{tr} A \mp\tau_0~~~~~~~,
~~~~~~~(\theta_\pm)_\perp\!\!=- \frac{4}{7}(H_\sharp \mp 3\vartheta-6\tau_1)~~,\\
&(T_\pm)_\top\!\!=- \frac{2}{3}\iota_{(\pm H_\sharp-3\vartheta)}\varphi \mp \tau_2~~,
~~(T_\pm)_\perp\!\!=- \frac{1}{6}(\frac{4}{7}\mathrm{tr} A \pm \tau_0)\varphi
- \frac{1}{3}\iota_{(H_\sharp \mp 3\vartheta+ 3\tau_1)}\psi \pm A_{jk}^{(0)}e^j\wedge \iota_{e^k}\varphi - \tau_3~.
\end{split}}
\end{equation}
To arrive at the last two relations, we used the identities:
\begin{equation*}
\iota_{\tau_2}\varphi=\iota_{\tau_3}\psi=\langle \tau_3,\varphi\rangle=0~~,~~
\end{equation*}
which follow from relations (B.13) and (B.14) given in Appendix B
of \cite{g2} upon using the fact that $\tau_3\in \Omega^3_{\mathcal{U},27}(\mathcal{D})$.
\subsection{Relation to previous work}
The problem of determining the fluxes $f,F$ in terms of the geometry
along the locus $\mathcal{U}^+$ was considered in reference \cite{Tsimpis},
where the quantities denoted here by $L^+,\Phi^+$ were denoted simply
by $L,\Phi$. Using the results of the previous subsections, one can
show that the relations given in Theorem 3 of \cite{g2} are equivalent,
on the non-chiral locus $\mathcal{U}$, with equations (3.16), (3.17) and
(3.18) of \cite{Tsimpis}. This solves the problem of comparing the
approach of loc. cit. with that of \cite{MartelliSparks, g2}. The
major steps of the comparison with loc. cit. are given in Appendix
\ref{app:T}.
\section{Description of the singular foliation in the Morse case}
\label{sec:Morse}
In this section, we consider the case when the closed one-form
${\boldsymbol{\omega}}\in \Omega^1(M)$ is Morse. This case is generic in the sense
that Morse one-forms form a dense open subset of the set of all closed
one-forms belonging to the fixed cohomology class $\mathfrak{f}$ --- hence a form
which satisfies equations \eqref{meq} can be replaced by a Morse form
by infinitesimally perturbing $b$. Singular foliations defined by
Morse one-forms were studied in \cite{Gelbukh1}--\cite{Gelbukh9} and \cite{Levitt1}--\cite{Honda}.
Let $\Pi_f=\mathrm{im} (\mathrm{per}_\mathfrak{f})\subset \mathbb{R}$ be the period group of the
cohomology class $\mathfrak{f}$ and $\rho(\mathfrak{f})={\rm rk} \Pi_\mathfrak{f}$ be its irrationality
rank. The general results summarized in the following subsection hold
for any smooth, compact and connected manifold of dimension $d$ which
is strictly bigger than two, under the assumption that the set of
zeroes of ${\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ (which in Novikov theory \cite{Farber} is called
the set of {\em singular points}):
\begin{equation*}
\mathrm{Sing}({\boldsymbol{\omega}})\stackrel{{\rm def.}}{=} \{p\in M|\omega_p=0\}
\end{equation*}
is non-empty. Notice that $\mathrm{Sing}({\boldsymbol{\omega}})$ is a finite set since $M$
is compact and since the zeroes of a Morse 1-form are isolated.
The complement:
\begin{equation*}
M^\ast\stackrel{{\rm def.}}{=} M\setminus \mathrm{Sing}({\boldsymbol{\omega}})
\end{equation*}
is a non-compact open submanifold of $M$. Below, we shall use the notations
$\mathcal{F}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ for the regular foliation induced by ${\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ on $M^\ast$
and $\bar{\mathcal{F}}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ for the singular foliation induced on $M$.
In our application we have $n=8$ and:
\begin{equation*}
\mathrm{Sing}({\boldsymbol{\omega}})=\mathcal{W}~~,~~M^\ast=\mathcal{U}~~,~~\mathcal{F}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}=\mathcal{F}~~,~~\bar{\mathcal{F}}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}=\bar{\mathcal{F}}~~.
\end{equation*}
\subsection{Types of singular points}
\label{subsec:singtypes}
Let $\mathrm{ind}_p({\boldsymbol{\omega}})$ denote the Morse index of a point $p\in \mathrm{Sing}
({\boldsymbol{\omega}})$, i.e. the Morse index at $p$ of a Morse function $h_p\in
\mathcal{C}^\infty(U_p,\mathbb{R})$ such that $\mathrm{d} h_p$ equals ${\boldsymbol{\omega}}|_{U_p}$, where
$U_p$ is some vicinity of $p$. This index does not depend on the
choice of $U_p$ and $h_p$. Let:
\begin{eqnarray*}
&&\mathrm{Sing}_k({\boldsymbol{\omega}})\stackrel{{\rm def.}}{=} \{p\in \mathrm{Sing}({\boldsymbol{\omega}})|\mathrm{ind}_p({\boldsymbol{\omega}})=k\}~~,~~k=1,\ldots, d\\
&&\Sigma_k({\boldsymbol{\omega}})\stackrel{{\rm def.}}{=} \{p\in \mathrm{Sing}({\boldsymbol{\omega}})|\mathrm{ind}_p({\boldsymbol{\omega}})=k~\mathrm{or}~\mathrm{ind}_p({\boldsymbol{\omega}})=d-k\}~~,~~k=1,\ldots,\left[\frac{d}{2}\right]~~.
\end{eqnarray*}
Thus $\Sigma_k({\boldsymbol{\omega}})=\mathrm{Sing}_k({\boldsymbol{\omega}})\cup\mathrm{Sing}_{n-k}({\boldsymbol{\omega}})$ for
$k<\frac{d}{2}$ and $\Sigma_{d_0}({\boldsymbol{\omega}})=\mathrm{Sing}_{d_0}({\boldsymbol{\omega}})$ when $d=2d_0$
is even. In a small enough vicinity of $p\in
\mathrm{Sing}_k({\boldsymbol{\omega}})$ (which we can assume to equal $U_p$ by shrinking the
latter if necessary), the Morse lemma applied to $h_p$ implies that
there exists a local coordinate system $(x_1,\ldots,x_d)$ such that:
\begin{equation*}
h_p=-\sum_{j=1}^k{x_j^2}+\sum_{j=k+1}^{d} x_j^2~~.
\end{equation*}
\paragraph{Definition.} The elements of $\Sigma_0({\boldsymbol{\omega}})$ are called {\em centers}
while all other singularities of ${\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ are called {\em saddle
points}. The elements of $\Sigma_1({\boldsymbol{\omega}})$ are called {\em strong
saddle points}, while all other saddle points are called {\em weak}.
\paragraph{Remark.} Strong saddle points are sometimes called ``conical
points''. That terminology can lead to confusion, since all singular
points which are not centers are conical singularities of the singular
leaf to which they belong (see below), in the sense that the singular
leaf can be modeled by a cone (with one or two sheets) in a vicinity
of such a singular point. In other references, a ``conical point'' means
any singularity which is not a center, i.e. what we call a saddle point.
\subsection{The regular and singular foliations defined by a Morse 1-form}
\paragraph{The regular foliation $\mathcal{F}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$.}
The Morse 1-form ${\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ defines a regular foliation $\mathcal{F}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$
of the open submanifold $M^\ast$, namely the foliation which, by the
Frobenius theorem, integrates the regular Frobenius distribution
$\mathrm{ker}({\boldsymbol{\omega}})|_{M^\ast}$. Following \cite{Gelbukh7}, we say that a
singular point $p\in \mathrm{Sing}({\boldsymbol{\omega}})$ {\em adjoins} a leaf
$L$\footnote{This should not be confused with the quantity $L^\pm$
discussed in Subsection 3.4 (or with the quantity denoted by $L$ in
\cite{Tsimpis}).} of $\mathcal{F}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ if the union $\{p\}\cup L$ is
connected; notice that a center cannot adjoin any leaf of
$\mathcal{F}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$. Let:
\begin{equation*}
s(L)\stackrel{{\rm def.}}{=} \{p\in \mathrm{Sing}({\boldsymbol{\omega}})|p~\mathrm{adjoins}~L\}\subset \mathrm{Sing}({\boldsymbol{\omega}})~~.
\end{equation*}
The set $s(L)$ is contained in the intersection of $\mathrm{Sing}({\boldsymbol{\omega}})$ with
the small topological frontier $\mathrm{fr}(L)$ of $L$:
\begin{equation}
\label{inclusion}
s(L)\subseteq \mathrm{fr}(L)\cap \mathrm{Sing}({\boldsymbol{\omega}})~~.
\end{equation}
Notice that this inclusion can be strict; a beautifully drawn example
illustrating this in the two-dimensional case can be found in
\cite{Gelbukh9} (see Figure 2(c) of loc. cit.). We have $s(L)\cap
\Sigma_0({\boldsymbol{\omega}})=\emptyset$ and hence
$s(L)=\sqcup_{k=1}^{\left[\frac{d}{2}\right]}s_k(L)$, where:
\begin{equation*}
s_k(L)\stackrel{{\rm def.}}{=} s(L)\cap \Sigma_k(L)~~.
\end{equation*}
\paragraph{Classification of the leaves of $\mathcal{F}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$.}
\begin{itemize}
\itemsep 0.0em
\item{\bf Compactifiable and non-compactifiable leaves.} We say that a
leaf $L$ of $\mathcal{F}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ is {\em compactifiable} if the set $L\cup
\mathrm{Sing}({\boldsymbol{\omega}})$ is compact, which amounts to the condition that the
small topological frontier $\mathrm{fr}(L)\stackrel{{\rm def.}}{=} {\bar L}\setminus L$ of $L$
in $M$ is a (possibly void) subset of $\mathrm{Sing}({\boldsymbol{\omega}})$ and hence a
finite set. With this definition, compact leaves of $\mathcal{F}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$
are compactifiable, but not all compactifiable leaves are compact. A
{\em non-compactifiable leaf} of $\mathcal{F}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ is a leaf which is
not compactifiable; obviously such a leaf is also non-compact. The
closure of a non-compactifiable leaf is a set with non-empty
interior \cite{ImanishiSing, Levitt1}, so the small frontier of such
a leaf is an infinite set.
\item{\bf Ordinary and special leaves.} The leaf $L$ is called {\em
ordinary} if $s(L)$ is empty and {\em special} if $s(L)$ is
non-empty. An ordinary leaf is either compact or
non-compactifiable. Any non-compact but compactifiable leaf is a
special leaf, but there also exist non-compactifiable special leaves
(see Table \ref{table:leaves}).
\end{itemize}
\noindent
The foliation $\mathcal{F}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ has only a finite number of special leaves,
because the local form of leaves near the points of $\mathrm{Sing}({\boldsymbol{\omega}})$
(see below) shows that at most two special leaves can contain each
such point in their closures (recall that we assume $d\geq 3$) . We
shall see later that each non-compactifiable leaf (whether special or
not) covers densely some open and connected subset of $M^\ast$. Notice
that every singular point which is not a center adjoins some special leaf.
Hence:
\begin{equation}
\label{SigmakDec}
\Sigma_k({\boldsymbol{\omega}})=\cup_{L=\mathrm{special~leaf~of~}\mathcal{F}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}}s_k(L)~~,~~\forall k=1\ldots \left[\frac{d}{2}\right]~~.
\end{equation}
\begin{table}[tt]
\centering
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|}
\hline
\multirow{2}{*}{type of $L$} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{compactifiable} \vline & \multirow{2}{*}{non-compactifiable}\\
\cline{2-3}
& compact & non-compact & \\
\hline\hline
ordinary & Y & --- & Y \\
\hline
special & --- & Y & Y\\
\hline
$\mathrm{Card}(\mathrm{fr} L)$ &\multicolumn{2}{c}{finite} \vline & infinite\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\caption{Classification of the leaves of $\mathcal{F}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$, where the
allowed combinations are indicated by the letter ``Y''. A
compactifiable leaf is ordinary iff it is compact and it is special
iff it is non-compact. A non-compactifiable leaf may be either
ordinary or special. Non-compactifiable leaves coincide
\cite{ImanishiSing,Levitt1} with those leaves whose small frontier is an
infinite set, while compactifiable leaves are those leaves whose
small frontier is finite.}
\label{table:leaves}
\end{table}
\paragraph{The singular foliation $\bar{\mathcal{F}}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$.}
One can describe \cite{FKL, Farber} the singular
foliation $\bar{\mathcal{F}}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ of $M$ defined by ${\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ as
the partition of $M$ induced by the equivalence relation $\sim$
defined as follows. We put $p\sim q$ if there exists a smooth curve
$\gamma:[0,1]\rightarrow M$ such that:
\begin{equation*}
\gamma(0)=p~~,~~\gamma(1)=q~~\mathrm{and}~~{\boldsymbol{\omega}}(\dot{\gamma}(t))=0~~\forall t\in [0,1]~~.
\end{equation*}
The {\em leaves of $\bar{\mathcal{F}}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$} are the equivalence classes of this
relation; they are connected subsets of $M$ (which need not be
topological manifolds when endowed with the induced topology). Any such
leaf is either of the form $\{p\}$ where $p\in \Sigma_0({\boldsymbol{\omega}})$ is a center
or is a topological subspace of $M$ of Lebesgue covering dimension
equal to $n-1$.
\paragraph{Remark.}
We stress that $\bar{\mathcal{F}}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ is not generally a foliation of $M$ in
the ordinary sense of foliation theory but (as explained in the
previous section) it should be viewed as a Haefliger structure. It is
not even a $\mathcal{C}^0$-foliation, i.e. a foliation in the category of
topological manifolds (locally Euclidean Hausdorff topological
spaces), because singular leaves of $\bar{\mathcal{F}}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ which pass through
strong saddle points can be locally disconnected by removing those
points and hence are not topological manifolds.
\paragraph{Regular and singular leaves of $\bar{\mathcal{F}}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$.}
A leaf $\mathcal{L}$ of $\bar{\mathcal{F}}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ is called {\em singular} if it
intersects $\mathrm{Sing}({\boldsymbol{\omega}})$ and {\em regular} otherwise. The regular
leaves of $\bar{\mathcal{F}}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ coincide with the ordinary leaves of $\mathcal{F}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$; notice
that every center singularity is a singular leaf.
On the other hand, each singular leaf which is not a center is a
disjoint union of a finite number of special leaves of $\mathcal{F}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$
and of some subset $s(\mathcal{L})\stackrel{{\rm def.}}{=} \mathcal{L}\cap \mathrm{Sing}({\boldsymbol{\omega}})$ of
$\mathrm{Sing}({\boldsymbol{\omega}})$, which we shall call the {\em set of singular points
of $\mathcal{L}$}. We have:
\begin{equation*}
\mathcal{L}\setminus s(\mathcal{L})=L_1\sqcup \ldots \sqcup L_r\sqcup L'_1\sqcup \ldots \sqcup L'_t~~,
\end{equation*}
where $L_1,\ldots, L_r$ are compactifiable special leaves while
$L'_1,\ldots, L'_t$ are non-compactifiable special leaves of
$\mathcal{F}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$. We also have $s(\mathcal{L})=s^\mathrm{c}(\mathcal{L})\cup s^\mathrm{nc}(\mathcal{L})$ (generally
a non-disjoint union), with:
\begin{equation*}
s^c(\mathcal{L})\stackrel{{\rm def.}}{=} \cup_{i=1}^r s(L_i)~~,~~s^\mathrm{nc}(\mathcal{L})\stackrel{{\rm def.}}{=} \cup_{j=1}^t(L'_j)~~.
\end{equation*}
The singular leaf $\mathcal{L}$ decomposes as:
\begin{equation}
\label{cLdec}
\mathcal{L}=\mathcal{L}^{\rm c}\sqcup \mathcal{L}^\mathrm{nc}~~,
\end{equation}
where the {\em compact part} and {\em non-compact part} of $\mathcal{L}$ are defined through:
\begin{eqnarray*}
\mathcal{L}^c~&\stackrel{{\rm def.}}{=}& \bar{L}_1\cup \ldots \cup \bar{L}_r=L_1\sqcup \ldots \sqcup L_r\sqcup s^c(\mathcal{L})\nonumber\\
\mathcal{L}^\mathrm{nc}&\stackrel{{\rm def.}}{=}& \mathcal{L}\setminus \mathcal{L}^c=(L'_1\sqcup \ldots \sqcup L'_t)\sqcup (s(\mathcal{L})\setminus s^c(\mathcal{L}))~~.
\end{eqnarray*}
The set $s^c(\mathcal{L})$ consists of those singular points of $\mathcal{L}$ which
lie on the compact part $\mathcal{L}^c$. Notice that both the compact and
non-compact parts of $\mathcal{L}$ can be void and that a non-compactifiable
special leaf component $L'_j$ of $\mathcal{L}$ can adjoin points from
$s^c(\mathcal{L})$ as well as from $s(\mathcal{L})\setminus s^c(\mathcal{L})$ simultaneously;
furthermore, $\mathcal{L}^\mathrm{nc}$ may meet itself at certain points of
$s(\mathcal{L})\setminus s^c(\mathcal{L})$\footnote{We thank I. Gelbukh for drawing
our attention to these points.}. When $\mathcal{L}$ is a center leaf
$\{p\}$, we define $\mathcal{L}^{\rm c}\stackrel{{\rm def.}}{=} s(\mathcal{L})=\{p\}$ and $\mathcal{L}^\mathrm{nc}
\stackrel{{\rm def.}}{=} \emptyset$. Notice that any non-empty subset $A$ of $\mathcal{L}$
determines $\mathcal{L}$ as the saturation of $A$ with respect to the
equivalence relation $\sim$. If $S_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ denotes the union of
$\mathrm{Sing}({\boldsymbol{\omega}})$ with all special leaves of $\mathcal{F}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$, then the
singular leaves of $\bar{\mathcal{F}}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ (including the centers) coincide
with the connected components of $S_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$. Notice that
$\mathrm{fr}(L_i)=s(L_i)={\bar L}_i\cap \mathrm{Sing}({\boldsymbol{\omega}})$ for each
compactifiable leaf component $L_i$, $i=1\ldots r$. The compact sets
${\bar L}_i$ meet themselves or each other only in strong saddle
points. In particular, we have:
\begin{equation*}
{\bar L}_{i_1}\cap {\bar L}_{i_2}=s(L_{i_1})\cap s(L_{i_2})=s_1(L_{i_1})\cap s_1(L_{i_2})\subset \Sigma_1({\boldsymbol{\omega}})~~\mathrm{for}~~1\leq i_1<i_2\leq r~~.
\end{equation*}
\noindent The following definition generalizes the notion of generic
Morse function:
\paragraph{Definition.}
The Morse form ${\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ is called {\em generic} if every singular
leaf of $\bar{\mathcal{F}}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ contains exactly one singular point $p\in
\mathrm{Sing}({\boldsymbol{\omega}})$.
\subsection{Behavior of the singular leaves near singular points}
In a small enough vicinity of $p\in \mathrm{Sing}_k({\boldsymbol{\omega}})$, the singular
leaf $\mathcal{L}_p$ passing through $p$ is modeled by the locus $Q_k\subset
\mathbb{R}^n$ given by the equation $h_p=0$, where $p$ corresponds to the
origin of $\mathbb{R}^n$. One distinguishes the cases (see Tables
\ref{table:singtypes} and \ref{table:strongsaddles}):
\begin{itemize}
\itemsep 0.0em
\item $k\in \{0, n\}$, i.e. $p$ is a center. Then $\mathcal{L}_p=\{p\}$ and
the nearby leaves of $\mathcal{F}_p$ are diffeomorphic to $S^{n-1}$.
\item $2\leq k\leq n-2$, i.e. $p$ is a weak saddle point. Then $Q_k$
is diffeomorphic to a cone over $S^{k-1}\times S^{n-k-1}$ and
$\mathbb{R}^n\setminus Q_k$ has two connected components while
$Q_k\setminus\{p\}$ is connected. Removing $p$ does not {\em
locally} disconnect $\mathcal{L}_p$.
\item $k\in \{1,n-1\}$, i.e. $p$ is a strong saddle point. Then $Q_k$
is diffeomorphic to a cone over $\{-1,1\}\times S^{n-2}$ and
$\mathbb{R}^n\setminus Q_k$ has three connected components while
$Q_k\setminus\{0\}$ has two components. Removing $p$ {\em locally}
disconnects $\mathcal{L}_p$. A strong saddle point $p\in \Sigma_1({\boldsymbol{\omega}})$
is called {\em splitting} \cite{Gelbukh7} (or {\em blocking}
\cite{Levitt3}) if it adjoins two different (special) leaves of the regular
foliation $\mathcal{F}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ and it is called {\em non-splitting} (or a
{\em transformation point} \cite{Gelbukh7}) if it adjoins a single (special)
leaf of $\mathcal{F}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ (see Table \ref{table:strongsaddles}). If a
singular leaf $\mathcal{L}$ contains only one splitting point, then removing
it disconnects $\mathcal{L}$. If a singular leaf $\mathcal{L}$ contains more than
one splitting point, then removing it may not disconnect $\mathcal{L}$ (an
example of such behavior is given in \cite[Figure 7(b)]{Gelbukh7}).
\end{itemize}
\begin{table}[h!]
\centering
\begin{tabular}{ | c | c| c| c| }
\hline
Name & Morse index & Local form of $\mathcal{L}_p$ & Local form of regular leaves\\
\hline
Center & $0$ or $n$ & $\bullet=\{p\}$ &
\begin{minipage}{.3\textwidth}
\centering
\vspace{0.2em}
\includegraphics[scale=0.25]{sphere.eps}
\vspace{0.2em}
\end{minipage}\\
\hline
Weak saddle & between $2$ and $n-2$ &
\begin{minipage}{.23\textwidth}
\centering
\vspace{0.2em}
\includegraphics[scale=0.3]{onecone.eps}
\vspace{0.2em}
\end{minipage}
& \begin{minipage}{.23\textwidth}
\centering
\vspace{0.2em}
\includegraphics[scale=0.3]{upperhyp.eps}
\vspace{0.2em}
\end{minipage}\\
\hline
Strong saddle & $1$ or $n-1$ &
\begin{minipage}{.23\textwidth}
\centering
\vspace{0.2em}
\includegraphics[scale=0.3]{cone.eps}
\vspace{0.2em}
\end{minipage}
&
\begin{minipage}{.3\textwidth}
\centering
\vspace{0.2em}
\includegraphics[scale=0.3]{hyperboloid.eps}
\vspace{0.2em}
\end{minipage}\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\caption{Types of singular points $p$. The first and third figure on
the right depict the case $d=3$ for centers and strong saddles,
while the second figure attempts to depict the case $d>3$ for a weak
saddle (notice that weak saddles do not exist unless $d>3$). In
that case, the topology of the leaves does not change locally when
they ``pass through" the weak saddle point. $\mathcal{L}_p$ denotes the
singular leaf of $\bar{\mathcal{F}}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ which passes through $p$.}
\label{table:singtypes}
\end{table}
\noindent We have a decomposition
$\Sigma_1({\boldsymbol{\omega}})=\Sigma_1^\mathrm{sp}({\boldsymbol{\omega}})\sqcup\Sigma_1^\mathrm{nsp} ({\boldsymbol{\omega}})$
of the set of strong saddle points, where:
\begin{eqnarray*}
&&\Sigma_1^\mathrm{sp}({\boldsymbol{\omega}})\stackrel{{\rm def.}}{=}\{p\in \Sigma_1({\boldsymbol{\omega}})|p~~\mathrm{is~a~splitting~singularity}\}\\
&&\Sigma_1^\mathrm{nsp}({\boldsymbol{\omega}})\stackrel{{\rm def.}}{=}\{p\in \Sigma_1({\boldsymbol{\omega}})|p~~\mathrm{is~a~non-splitting~singularity}\}~~.
\end{eqnarray*}
Taking into account the local behavior of leaves near the various
types of singular points, we find that the decomposition
\eqref{SigmakDec} is disjoint for $k\neq 1$:
\begin{equation*}
\Sigma_k({\boldsymbol{\omega}})=\sqcup_{L=\mathrm{special~leaf~of~}\mathcal{F}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}}s_k(L)~~,~~\forall k=2\ldots \left[\frac{d}{2}\right]~~.
\end{equation*}
while the decomposition for $k=1$ may fail to be disjoint:
\begin{equation}
\label{Sigma1Dec}
\Sigma_1({\boldsymbol{\omega}})=\cup_{L=\mathrm{special~leaf~of~}\mathcal{F}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}}s_1(L)~~.
\end{equation}
More precisely:
\begin{eqnarray*}
\Sigma^\mathrm{nsp}_1({\boldsymbol{\omega}})&=&\sqcup_{L=\mathrm{special~leaf~of~}\mathcal{F}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}}s^\mathrm{nsp}_1(L)~~\\
\Sigma_1^\mathrm{sp}({\boldsymbol{\omega}})&=&\cup_{L=\mathrm{special~leaf~of~}\mathcal{F}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}}s_1^\mathrm{sp}(L)~~,
\end{eqnarray*}
where we defined:
\begin{equation*}
s^\mathrm{nsp}_1(L)\stackrel{{\rm def.}}{=} s_1(L)\cap \Sigma_1^\mathrm{nsp}({\boldsymbol{\omega}})~~,~~s^\mathrm{sp}_1(L)\stackrel{{\rm def.}}{=} s_1(L)\cap \Sigma_1^\mathrm{sp}({\boldsymbol{\omega}})
\end{equation*}
and where the second union may be non-disjoint. This is because two
distinct special leaves of $\mathcal{F}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ can meet each other only at a
strong saddle point which is a splitting singularity.
\begin{table}[h!]
\centering
\begin{tabular}{ | c | c | }
\hline
Singularity type & Example of global shape for $\mathcal{L}_p$ \\
\hline
Splitting &
\begin{minipage}{.3\textwidth}
\centering
\vspace{0.6em}
\includegraphics[scale=0.08, angle=90]{splitting.eps}
\vspace{0.6em}
\end{minipage}\\
\hline
Non-splitting &
\begin{minipage}{.3\textwidth}
\centering
\vspace{0.2em}
\includegraphics[scale=0.4]{nonsplitting.eps}
\vspace{0.2em}
\end{minipage}\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\caption{Types of strong saddle points. The figures illustrate the two
types through two simple examples in the case $d=3$. The figure in
the first row uses different colors to indicate two different
special compactifiable leaves of $\mathcal{F}_\omega$ which are subsets of
the same singular leaf of $\bar{\mathcal{F}}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$, each of them adjoining the same splitting
singular point. The figure in the second row shows a single special
compactifiable leaf of $\mathcal{F}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ which adjoins a single
non-splitting singular point.}
\label{table:strongsaddles}
\end{table}
\subsection{Combinatorics of singular leaves}
\
\paragraph{Definition.}
A singular leaf of $\bar{\mathcal{F}}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ which is not a center is called a
{\em strong singular leaf} if it contains at least one strong saddle
point and a {\em weak singular leaf} otherwise.
\
\noindent A weak singular leaf is obtained by adjoining weak saddle
points to a single special leaf of $\mathcal{F}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$. Such singular leaves
are mutually disjoint and their singular points determine a partition
of the set $\Sigma_{>1}({\boldsymbol{\omega}})\stackrel{{\rm def.}}{=}
\cup_{k=2}^{\left[\frac{d}{2}\right]}\Sigma_k({\boldsymbol{\omega}})$. The
situation is more complicated for strong singular leaves, as we now
describe.
At each $p\in \Sigma_1({\boldsymbol{\omega}})$, consider the strong singular leaf
$\mathcal{L}$ passing through $p$. The intersection of $\mathcal{L}\setminus\{p\}$
with a sufficiently small neighborhood of $p$ is a disconnected manifold
diffeomorphic to a union of two cones without apex, whose rays near $p$ determine a
connected cone $C_p\subset T_pM$ inside the tangent space to $M$ at
$p$ (see the last row of Table \ref{table:singtypes}). The set
$\overset{\bullet}{C}_p\stackrel{{\rm def.}}{=} C_p\setminus\{0_p\}$ (where $0_p$ is the zero vector of
$T_p M$) has two connected components, thus $\pi_0(\overset{\bullet}{C}_p)$ is a
two-element set. Hence the finite set:
\begin{equation*}
{\hat \Sigma_1}({\boldsymbol{\omega}})\stackrel{{\rm def.}}{=} \sqcup_{p\in \Sigma_1(M)} \pi_0(\overset{\bullet}{C}_p)
\end{equation*} is a
double cover of $\Sigma_1({\boldsymbol{\omega}})$ through the projection $\sigma$
that takes $\pi_0(\overset{\bullet}{C}_p)$ to $\{p\}$. Consider the complete
unoriented graph having as vertices the elements of ${\hat
\Sigma_1}({\boldsymbol{\omega}})$. This graph has a dimer covering given by the
collection of edges:
\begin{equation*}
{\hat \mathcal{E}}=\{\pi_0(\overset{\bullet}{C}_p)|p\in \Sigma_1({\boldsymbol{\omega}})\}~~,
\end{equation*}
which connect vertically the vertices lying above the same point of
$\Sigma_1({\boldsymbol{\omega}})$ (see Figure \ref{fig:dimer}). If $L$ is a special
leaf of $\mathcal{F}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ and $p\in \Sigma_1({\boldsymbol{\omega}})$ adjoins $L$, then
the connected components of the intersection of $L$ with a
sufficiently small vicinity of $p$ are locally approximated at $p$ by
one or two of the connected components of $\overset{\bullet}{C}_p$. The second case
occurs iff $p$ is a non-splitting strong saddle point (see Table
\ref{table:strongsaddles}). Hence $L$ determines a subset ${\hat
s}_1(L)$ of ${\hat \Sigma}_1({\boldsymbol{\omega}})$ such that $\sigma({\hat
s}_1(L))=s_1(L)$ and such that the fiber of ${\hat s}_1(L)$ above a
point $p\in s_1(L)$ has one element if $p$ is a splitting singularity
and two elements if $p$ is non-splitting. If $L'$ is a different
special leaf of $\mathcal{F}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$, then the sets ${\hat s}_1(L')$ and
${\hat s}_1(L)$ are disjoint, even though their projections $s_1(L)$
and $s_1(L')$ through $\sigma$ may intersect in
$\Sigma_1({\boldsymbol{\omega}})$. Hence the special leaves of $\mathcal{F}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ define
a partition of ${\hat \Sigma}_1({\boldsymbol{\omega}})$:
\begin{equation*}
{\hat \Sigma}_1({\boldsymbol{\omega}})=\sqcup_{L=\mathrm{special~leaf~of~}\mathcal{F}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}}{\hat s}_1(L)~~,
\end{equation*}
which projects through $\sigma$ to the generally non-disjoint
decomposition \eqref{Sigma1Dec}. Viewing ${\hat \mathcal{E}}$ as a
disconnected graph on the vertex set ${\hat \Sigma}_1({\boldsymbol{\omega}})$, we
let $\mathcal{E}$ denote the (generally disconnected) graph obtained from
${\hat \mathcal{E}}$ upon identifying all vertices belonging to ${\hat
s}_1(L)$ for each special leaf $L$ of $\mathcal{F}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$, i.e. by
collapsing ${\hat s}_1(L)$ to a point for each special
leaf\footnote{If $s_1(L)$ is empty, this operation does nothing.} $L$.
Let $p:{\hat
\mathcal{E}}\rightarrow \mathcal{E}$ denote the corresponding projection. The graph
$\mathcal{E}$ has one vertex for each special leaf of $\mathcal{F}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ which
adjoins some strong saddle point and an edge for each strong saddle
point. Notice that this edge is a loop when the strong saddle point
is a non-splitting singularity, since a non-splitting singularity
adjoins a single special leaf.
\begin{figure}[h!]
\begin{center}
\scalebox{0.5}{\input{dimer.pstex_t}}
\caption{Example of the graphs ${\hat \mathcal{E}}$ and $\mathcal{E}$ for a Morse form
foliation $\bar{\mathcal{F}}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ with two compact strong singular leaves.
The regular foliation $\mathcal{F}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ of
$M^\ast$ has four special leaves, each of which is compactifiable;
they are depicted using four different colors. At the bottom of the
picture, we depict $\Sigma_1({\boldsymbol{\omega}})$ as well as the schematic
shape of the special leaves in the case $d=3$. The strong singular leaves
of $\bar{\mathcal{F}}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ correspond to the left and right parts of the
figure at the bottom; each of them is a union of two special leaves
of $\mathcal{F}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ and of singular points. Each special leaf
corresponds to a vertex of $\mathcal{E}$.}
\label{fig:dimer}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
A strong singular leaf of $\bar{\mathcal{F}}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ can be written as:
\begin{equation}
\label{cLdec2}
\mathcal{L}=(\sqcup_{\alpha=1}^{r+t}{L''_\alpha})\sqcup s(\mathcal{L})~~,
\end{equation}
where $L''_\alpha$ are special leaves of $\mathcal{F}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ (compactifiable
or not). Its set of strong saddle singular points $s_1(\mathcal{L})=
\cup_{\alpha=1}^{r+t}s_1(L''_\alpha)$ is the projection through
$\sigma$ of the set ${\hat s}_1(\mathcal{L})\stackrel{{\rm def.}}{=}
\sqcup_{\alpha=1}^{r+t}{\hat s}_1(L''_\alpha)$. Let ${\hat \mathcal{E}}_\mathcal{L}$
be the (generally disconnected) subgraph of ${\hat \mathcal{E}}$ consisting of
those edges of ${\hat \mathcal{E}}$ which meet ${\hat s}_1(\mathcal{L})$. Then
$s_1(\mathcal{L})$ is obtained from ${\hat \mathcal{E}}_\mathcal{L}$ by contracting each edge
to a single point. If all special leaves $L$ of $\mathcal{F}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ are
known, then ${\hat \mathcal{E}}_{\mathcal{L}}$ uniquely determines the strong singular leaf
$\mathcal{L}$. Indeed, ${\hat \mathcal{E}}_\mathcal{L}$ contains the information about how the
special leaves which form $\mathcal{L}$ meet themselves and each other at the strong saddle
points. Since $\mathcal{L}$ is connected and maximal with this property, the graph $\mathcal{E}_\mathcal{L}$
obtained from ${\hat \mathcal{E}}_\mathcal{L}$ by identifying to a single point the
vertices of each of the subsets ${\hat s}_1(L''_\alpha)$ is a connected
component of $\mathcal{E}$. It follows that the strong singular leaves of
$\bar{\mathcal{F}}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ are in one to one correspondence with the connected
components of the graph $\mathcal{E}$ --- namely, their subgraphs ${\hat
\mathcal{E}}_\mathcal{L}$ are the preimages through $p$ of those components.
\
\noindent In our application, the set
$\mathrm{Sing}({\boldsymbol{\omega}})=\mathcal{W}=\mathcal{W}^+\sqcup\mathcal{W}^-$ consists of positive and
negative chirality points of $\xi$, which are the points where $b$
attains the values $b=\pm 1$. Relation \eqref{meq} implies that $\mathbf{f}$
satisfies:
\begin{equation*}
\oint_{\gamma}\mathbf{f}=0~~
\end{equation*}
for any smooth closed curve $\gamma\in \mathcal{L}\setminus \mathcal{W}$ and hence
$\mathfrak{f}$ restricts to a trivial class in singular cohomology along each
leaf $\mathcal{L}$ of $\bar{\mathcal{F}}$:
\begin{equation*}
\iota^*(\mathfrak{f})=0\in H^1(\mathcal{L},\mathbb{R})~~,
\end{equation*}
where $\iota:\mathcal{L}\hookrightarrow M$ is the inclusion map while
$H^1(\mathcal{L},\mathbb{R})$ is the first singular cohomology group (which coincides
with the first de Rham cohomology group when $\mathcal{L}$ is non-singular).
The pull-back of $\mathbf{f}$ to $\mathcal{L}\setminus \mathcal{W}$ is given by:
\begin{equation*}
\mathbf{f}|_{\mathcal{L}\setminus\mathcal{W}}=\mathbf{f}_\perp=\mathrm{d}_\perp\mathbf{b}~~.
\end{equation*}
Notice that $f_\perp$ and $b$ have well-defined limits (equal to $f_p$
and $b(p)\in \{-1,1\}$) at each singular point $p\in \mathcal{L}\cap \mathcal{W}$ of a
singular leaf $\mathcal{L}$. If $p_1,p_2\in \mathcal{L}\cap \mathcal{W}$ are two singular
points lying on the same singular leaf $\mathcal{L}$ and
$\gamma:(0,1)\rightarrow \mathcal{L}\setminus \mathcal{W}$ is a smooth path which has
limits at $0,1$ given by $p_1$ and $p_2$, then the integral
$\int_\gamma \mathbf{f}$ is well-defined and given by:
\begin{equation*}
\int_\gamma\mathbf{f}=e^{3\Delta(p_2)}b(p_2)-e^{3\Delta(p_1)}b(p_1)~~,
\end{equation*}
where $b(p_i)\in \{-1,1\}$.
\subsection{Homology classes of compact leaves}
Let $H_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ be the (necessarily free) subgroup of $H_{n-1}(M,\mathbb{Z})$
generated by the compact leaves of $\mathcal{F}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ and let
$c({\boldsymbol{\omega}})\stackrel{{\rm def.}}{=} {\rm rk} H_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ denote the number of homologically
independent compact leaves. It was shown in \cite{Gelbukh1} that
$H_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ admits a basis consisting of homology classes $[L_i]$
$(i=1,\ldots, c({\boldsymbol{\omega}}))$ of compact leaves\footnote{Such a basis is
provided by the homology classes of the compact leaves corresponding
to the edges of any spanning tree of the foliation graph defined
below.} and that the homology class of any compact leaf $L$ of
$\mathcal{F}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ expands in this basis as:
\begin{equation*}
[L]=\sum_{i=1}^{c({\boldsymbol{\omega}})}n_i[L_i]~~\mathrm{where}~~n_i\in \{-1,1\}~~.
\end{equation*}
Furthermore \cite{Gelbukh1,Gelbukh3}, there exists a system of
$\mathbb{Z}$-linearly independent one-cycles $\gamma_i\in H_1(M,\mathbb{Z})$
$(i=1,\ldots, c({\boldsymbol{\omega}}))<|fim_middle|>centering
\!\!\!\!\!\begin{subfigure}{.5\textwidth}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.2\linewidth]{regfol1.eps}
\
\caption{Foliation graph when $\mathcal{W}=\emptyset$ and $\rho({\boldsymbol{\omega}})=1$.}
\end{subfigure}~~~~~~
\begin{subfigure}{.5\textwidth}
\centering
\vspace{1.5em}
\includegraphics[width=0.05\linewidth]{regfol2.eps}
\vspace{2.6em}
\caption{Foliation graph when $\mathcal{W}=\emptyset$ and $\rho({\boldsymbol{\omega}})>1$.}
\end{subfigure}
\caption{Degenerate foliation graphs in the everywhere non-chiral case.}
\label{fig:regfolgraph}
\end{figure}
\
\noindent The situation is much more complicated when
$\mathrm{Sing}({\boldsymbol{\omega}})$ is non-empty, in that knowledge of
$\rho({\boldsymbol{\omega}})$ does not suffice to specify the topology of the
foliation. In this case, knowledge of $\rho(\mathfrak{f})$ allows one to say
only the following:
\begin{itemize}
\itemsep 0.0em
\item When $\rho(\mathfrak{f})=1$, then the foliation $\mathcal{F}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ is
compactifiable for any ${\boldsymbol{\omega}}\in \mathfrak{f}$ \cite{FKL} and the inequality
\eqref{crank} below requires $c({\boldsymbol{\omega}})\geq 1$. Hence the foliation
graph $\Gamma_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ has only regular vertices and must have at
least one cycle. Except for this, nothing else can be
said about $\mathcal{F}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ only by knowing that $\rho(\mathfrak{f})=1$. Indeed,
it was shown in \cite{Gelbukh8} that any compactifiable Morse form
foliation $\mathcal{F}_{{\boldsymbol{\omega}}'}$ with $c({\boldsymbol{\omega}}')\geq 1$ can be realized
as the foliation defined by a Morse form ${\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ belonging to a
projectively rational cohomology class. It was also shown in
loc. cit. that such a foliation can in fact be realized by a Morse
form of any irrationality rank lying between $1$ and
$c({\boldsymbol{\omega}}')$, inclusively.
\item When $\rho(\mathfrak{f})>1$, then $\mathcal{F}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ may be
either compactifiable or non-compactifiable, hence the foliation
graph may or may not have exceptional vertices; when $\mathcal{F}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$
is compactifiable, then $\Gamma_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ has no exceptional vertices
and has a number of cycles at least equal to
$\rho({\boldsymbol{\omega}})$. Criteria for compactifiability of $\mathcal{F}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ can
be found in \cite{FKL, Gelbukh1,Gelbukh5} and are given below.
\end{itemize}
\paragraph{Theorem \cite{FKL, Gelbukh1,Gelbukh5}.}The following statements are equivalent:
\begin{enumerate}[(a)]
\itemsep0em
\item $\mathcal{F}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ is compactifiable
\item The period morphism $\mathrm{per}_\mathfrak{f}:\pi_1(M)\rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ factorizes through a group morphism $\pi_1(M)\rightarrow K$, where $K$ is a free group
\item $H_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}^\perp\subset \mathrm{ker} {\boldsymbol{\omega}}$
\item ${\rm rk} \mathcal{H}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}=\rho({\boldsymbol{\omega}})$.
\end{enumerate}
The first criterion above is Proposition 2 in
\cite[Sec. 8.2]{FKL}. Since $\mathcal{H}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}\subset H_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$, we have
${\rm rk} \mathcal{H}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}\leq {\rm rk} H_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}=c({\boldsymbol{\omega}})$ and the theorem shows
that compactifiability of $\mathcal{F}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ requires:
\begin{equation}
\label{crank}
\rho({\boldsymbol{\omega}})\leq c({\boldsymbol{\omega}})~~.
\end{equation}
\paragraph{Remark.}
By its construction, the foliation graph discards topological
information about the restriction of the foliation to the minimal
components of the Novikov decomposition, which are represented in the
graph by exceptional vertices. As in the case
$\mathrm{Sing}({\boldsymbol{\omega}})=\emptyset$, the $C^\ast$ algebra of the foliation
should provide more refined information about the topology of ${\bar
\mathcal{F}}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ than the foliation graph. To our knowledge, this
$C^\ast$ algebra has not been computed for foliations given by a Morse
1-form.
\paragraph{The oriented foliation graph.}
For each maximal component $C_j^\mathrm{max}$, the diffeomorphism \eqref{maxcyl} can be
chosen\footnote{The sign of $\int_{\gamma_j}{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ does not depend on
the choice of $\gamma$ since ${\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ vanishes on the leaves of
$\mathcal{F}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$. If the sign is negative, then it can be made positive
by composing the diffeomorphism \eqref{maxcyl} with $\mathrm{id}_{L_j}\times
R$, where $R\in \mathrm{Diff}_-((0,1))$ is any orientation-reversing
diffeomorphism of the interval $(0,1)$.} such that the sign of the
integral $\int_{\gamma_j}{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ is positive along any smooth curve
$\gamma_j:(0,1)\rightarrow C^\mathrm{max}_j$ which projects to the interval
$(0,1)$. Identifying the corresponding edge $e_j$ with this interval,
this gives a canonical orientation $\vec{e}_j$ of $e_j$ which
corresponds to ``moving along $e_j$ in the direction of increasing
value if $h_j$'', where $h_j$ is any locally-defined smooth function
on an open subset of $C^\mathrm{max}_j$ whose exterior derivative equals
${\boldsymbol{\omega}}$. It follows that the foliation graph $\Gamma_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ admits
a canonical orientation, which makes it into the {\em oriented
foliation graph} $\vec{\Gamma}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$.
\paragraph{Weights on the oriented foliation graph.}
Using the canonical orientation, the integrals:
\begin{equation}
\label{wdef}
w_j\stackrel{{\rm def.}}{=} \int_{\gamma_j}{\boldsymbol{\omega}}
\end{equation}
(whose value does not depend on the choice of $\gamma_j$ as above)
provide canonical positive weights on $\vec{\Gamma}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$
\cite{FKL,Honda}. These weights can be used \cite{Gelbukh3} to describe
the set of Morse 1-forms ${\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ which have the property that ${\bar
\mathcal{F}}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}=\bar{\mathcal{F}}$ for a fixed singular foliation $\bar{\mathcal{F}}$.
\paragraph{Expression for the weights in terms of $\mathbf{b}$ and $\mathbf{f}$.}
In our application, the vector field $n={\hat V}^\sharp\in
\Gamma(T\mathcal{U})$ is orthogonal to the leaves of $\mathcal{F}$ and satisfies:
\begin{equation}
\label{nomega}
n\lrcorner {\boldsymbol{\omega}}=4\kappa e^{3\Delta}||V||=n\lrcorner \mathbf{f} -\partial_n \mathbf{b}\geq 0~~
\end{equation}
as a consequence of \eqref{meq}. Equality with zero in the right hand
side occurs only at the points of $\mathcal{W}=\mathrm{Sing}({\boldsymbol{\omega}})$. It follows
that the orientation of the edges of the foliation graph is in the
direction of $n$ and that we can take $\gamma_j$ to be any integral
curve $\ell_j$ of the vector field $n|_{C_j^\mathrm{max}}$. Relation
\eqref{nomega} gives:
\begin{equation*}
w_j=\mathbf{b}_j(\gamma_j(1))-\mathbf{b}_j(\gamma_j(0))+\int_{\gamma_j}\mathbf{f}~~.
\end{equation*}
When $\mathcal{F}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ is compactifiable, this relation implies that the
sum of weights along all edges of a cycle of the {\em oriented}
foliation graph $\vec{\Gamma}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ equals the period of $\mathfrak{f}$ along
the corresponding homology 1-cycle $\alpha\in H_1(M)$ of $M$:
\begin{equation*}
\sum_{\vec{e}_j~\mathrm{in~a~cycle~of~}\vec{\Gamma}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}}w_j=\int_\alpha\mathfrak{f}~~.
\end{equation*}
\subsection{The fundamental group of the leaf space}
Even though the quotient topology of the leaf space $M/{\bar
\mathcal{F}}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ can be very poor, one can use the classifying space
$\mathcal{G}$ of the holonomy pseudogroup of the regular foliation
$\mathcal{F}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ \cite{Hclass} to define the fundamental group of the
leaf space through \cite{Levitt3}:
\begin{equation*}
\pi_1(M/\bar{\mathcal{F}}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}})\stackrel{{\rm def.}}{=} \pi_1(B\mathcal{G})~~.
\end{equation*}
Notice that $B\mathcal{G}$ is an Eilenberg-MacLane space of type $K(\pi,1)$ \cite{Hclass},
(i.e. all its homotopy groups vanish except for the fundamental group)
since $\mathcal{F}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ is defined by a closed one-form and
hence the holonomy groups of its leaves are trivial. One finds
\cite{Levitt3}:
\begin{equation*}
\pi_1(M/\bar{\mathcal{F}}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}})=\pi_1(M)/\mathcal{L}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}~~,
\end{equation*}
where $\mathcal{L}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ is the smallest normal subgroup of $\pi_1(M)$
which contains the fundamental group of each leaf of $\mathcal{F}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$.
Notice that $M\setminus \mathrm{Sing}({\boldsymbol{\omega}})$ is connected (since $M$ is) and that the
inclusion induces an isomorphism $\pi_1(M\setminus
\mathrm{Sing}({\boldsymbol{\omega}}))\simeq \pi_1(M)$, since we assume $\dim M\geq 3$ and
hence $\mathrm{Sing}{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ has codimension at least 3 in $M$. In particular,
the period map of ${\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ can be identified with that of
${\boldsymbol{\omega}}|_{M\setminus \mathrm{Sing}({\boldsymbol{\omega}})}$. Since ${\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ vanishes along
the leaves of $\mathcal{F}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$, this map factors through the projection
$\pi_1(M)\rightarrow \pi_1(M/\bar{\mathcal{F}}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}})$, inducing a map
$\mathrm{per}_0({\boldsymbol{\omega}}):\pi_1(M/\bar{\mathcal{F}}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}})\rightarrow \mathbb{R}$.
A minimal component $C^\mathrm{min}_a$ is called {\em weakly complete}
\cite{Levitt3} if any curve $\gamma\subset C^\mathrm{min}_a$ contained in
$C^\mathrm{min}_a$ and for which $\int_\gamma{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ vanishes has its two
endpoints on the same leaf of $\mathcal{F}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$; various equivalent
characterizations of weakly complete minimal components can be found
in loc. cit. Let:
\begin{itemize}
\itemsep 0.0em
\item $N'_\mathrm{min}({\boldsymbol{\omega}})$ denote the number of minimal components which are
not weakly complete
\item $N''_\mathrm{min}({\boldsymbol{\omega}})$ denote the number of minimal components which are
weakly complete
\item $C^\mathrm{min}_{a_1},\ldots,C^\mathrm{min}_{a_k}$ (where $1\leq a_1<\ldots
<a_{N''_\mathrm{min}({\boldsymbol{\omega}})}\leq N_\mathrm{min}({\boldsymbol{\omega}})$) denote those minimal components
of the Novikov decomposition which are weakly complete
\item ${\boldsymbol{\omega}}_j\stackrel{{\rm def.}}{=} {\boldsymbol{\omega}}|_{C^m_{a_j}}$ denote the restriction of
${\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ to the weakly complete minimal component $C^\mathrm{min}_{a_j}$
\item $\Pi_j({\boldsymbol{\omega}}) \stackrel{{\rm def.}}{=} \Pi({\boldsymbol{\omega}}_j)$ denote the period group of
${\boldsymbol{\omega}}_j$. Then $\Pi_j({\boldsymbol{\omega}})$ is a free Abelian group of rank
${\rm rk}\Pi_j({\boldsymbol{\omega}})=\rho(\omega_j)\geq 2$ \cite{Levitt3}.
\end{itemize}
With these notations, it was shown in \cite{Levitt3} that
$\pi_1(M/\bar{\mathcal{F}}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}})$ is isomorphic with a free
product of free Abelian groups:
\begin{equation*}
\pi_1(M/\bar{\mathcal{F}}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}})\simeq F_{\boldsymbol{\omega}} \ast \Pi_1({\boldsymbol{\omega}})\ast\ldots \ast \Pi_{N''_\mathrm{min}({\boldsymbol{\omega}})}({\boldsymbol{\omega}})~~,
\end{equation*}
where $\ast$ denotes the free product of groups. Furthermore
\cite{Levitt3, Gelbukh2}, the free group $F_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ factors as:
\begin{equation*}
F_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}\simeq \pi_1(\Gamma_{\boldsymbol{\omega}})\ast \mathbb{Z}^{\ast K({\boldsymbol{\omega}})}~~,
\end{equation*}
where $\pi_1(\Gamma_{\boldsymbol{\omega}})\simeq \mathbb{Z}^{\ast c({\boldsymbol{\omega}})}$ is the
fundamental group of the foliation graph and $K({\boldsymbol{\omega}})$ is a
non-negative integer which satisfies $K({\boldsymbol{\omega}})\geq N'_\mathrm{min}({\boldsymbol{\omega}})$
and $K({\boldsymbol{\omega}})+c({\boldsymbol{\omega}})+N''_\mathrm{min}({\boldsymbol{\omega}})\leq b'_1(M)$. Here,
$b'_1(M)$ denotes the first noncommutative Betti number of $M$
\cite{Levitt1}, whose definition is recalled in Appendix
\ref{app:fol} (which also summarizes some further information
on the topology of $\bar{\mathcal{F}}$).
\subsection{On the relation to compactifications of M-theory on 7-manifolds}
One way in which one may attempt to think about our class of
compactifications is via a two-step reduction of eleven-dimensional
supergravity, as follows:
\begin{enumerate}
\item First, reduce eleven-dimensional supergravity along a leaf of
the foliation down to a supergravity theory in four dimensions; this
would of course be a {\em gauged} supergravity theory since the
restrictions of $F$ and $f$ to a leaf are generally non-trivial.
\item Further reduce the resulting four-dimensional theory down to
three dimensions, along the ``one-dimensional space'' orthogonal to
the leaf.
\end{enumerate}
\noindent This way of thinking, which corresponds to an attempt at
generalizing the well-known, but much simpler case of ``generalized
Scherk-Schwarz compactifications with a twist'' (see, for example,
\cite{Vandoren}), turns out to be rather naive, for the following
reasons:
\begin{itemize}
\item In the general case when $\mathcal{W}$ is nonempty and differs from $M$,
there is no such thing as a ``typical leaf'' of the regular
foliation $\mathcal{F}$ of $\mathcal{U}=M\setminus \mathcal{W}$, in the sense that the
leaves of this foliation are not all diffeomorphic with each
other. As explained above, what happens instead is that the leaves
of the restriction of $\mathcal{F}$ to each of the maximal or minimal
components of the Novikov decomposition of M are diffeomorphic with
each other, which means that for each component of the Novikov
decomposition one generally has a distinct diffeomorphism class of
leaves. As such, it is unclear which of these seven-manifolds one is
supposed to reduce on in step 1 above. Furthermore, the extended
foliation $\bar{\mathcal{F}}$ also contains singular leaves, and it is not
immediately clear (from a Physics perspective) how to correctly
reduce eleven-dimensional supergravity, in the presence of fluxes,
on such singular seven-manifolds. One should also note that the
leaves of the restriction of $\mathcal{F}$ to a minimal component of the
Novikov decomposition are non-compact, so the reduction along such
leaves cannot be understood as a Kaluza-Klein reduction in the
ordinary sense.
\item In general, there is no nice ``one-dimensional space''
transverse to the leaves. As explained above, the best candidate for
such a space is a non-commutative space whose ``commutative parts''
can be described by the foliation graph, but where some unknown
non-commutative pieces have to be pasted in at the exceptional
vertices. It is of course already unclear how to correctly reduce a
four-dimensional supergravity theory on a graph, let alone on a
non-commutative space.
\end{itemize}
As pointed out in \cite[Subsection 4.4.]{g2}, many of the issues
mentioned above already appear in the much simpler case when $\xi$ is everywhere
non-chiral. In that situation, the foliation graph is either a circle
(and the Novikov decomposition is reduced to a single maximal
component, all leaves being compact and mutually diffeomorphic, being the fibers of
a fibration over the circle) or a
non-commutative torus of dimension given by the projective
irrationality rank of ${\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ (in which case the Novikov
decomposition is reduced to a single minimal component, all leaves
being non-compact, mutually diffeomorphic and dense in $M$). Only the
first of these two cases has a chance at a meaningful interpretation
as a ``generalized Scherk-Schwarz compactification with a twist'',
where the twist is provided by the Ehresmann connection discussed in
\cite[Appendix E]{g2}, whose parallel transport generates the defining diffeomorphism $\phi_{a_\mathfrak{f}}$
which presents $M$ as a mapping torus in that case (see \cite[Subsection 4.2]{g2}). A proper analysis of that case (which is the
simplest of this class of compactifications) is already considerably
more subtle than might seem at first sight, for the following
reason. As shown in \cite[Subsection 2.6]{g2}, the restriction of
$\xi$ to a leaf $L$ of $\mathcal{F}$ induces the spinor $\eta_0$ of equation
\eqref{eta0} (see also \cite[eq. (2.21)]{g2}) which, as shown in
loc. cit., is the normalized Majorana spinor (in the seven-dimensional
sense) along the seven-manifold $L$ which induces its $G_2$ structure
and which should be used to perform the compactification of
eleven-dimensional supergravity on $L$ -- a reduction which would
constitute the first step outlined above. Notice,
however, that what one needs in our case is not the standard $\mathcal{N}=1$
compactification of eleven-dimensional supergravity on a 7-manifold with $G_2$ structure
which is usually considered in the literature following
\cite{Minasian}, since the latter is a compactification down to
four-dimensional Minkowski space --- while what would be needed in our
case would be a compactification down to a space
which is related to $\mathrm{AdS}_3\times S^1$. Also recall from
\cite[Subsection 2.6]{g2} that $\eta_0$ is a Majorana (a.k.a. real)
spinor on $L$ (in the seven-dimensional sense) with respect to a real
structure which is dependent of the precise leaf $L$ under consideration
and not only of its diffeomorphism class. In particular, the $G_2$
structure depends on the leaf $L$ (it varies from leaf to leaf) in the
complicated manner described by Theorems 1 and 2 of \cite{g2} and
it is not invariant under the parallel transport of the
Ehresmann connection mentioned above, so proper analysis of the second
step of the reduction is considerably more involved than what one might expect based on analogy with
previous work on Scherk-Schwarz-like constructions.
A conceptually better (and more uniform) way to think of the
``relation to seven-dimensional compactifications'' (beyond the
results of \cite{g2} and of this paper, which can be viewed as already
providing such a relation since they express very explicitly the
geometry of $M$ in terms of the seven-dimensional geometry of the
leaves of the foliation) is to consider the ``partial
decompactification limit'' in which the leaf space is ``large''. The
correct way to formulate this mathematically employs the theory of
adiabatic limits of foliations (see, for example, \cite{Kordyukov}),
which, in its most general form, concerns their behavior when the leaf
space (understood, in general, as a non-commutative space) is
``large'' in an appropriate spectral sense. This relates to extending
the ordinary adiabatic argument (which lies behind a proper
Kaluza-Klein formulation of the idea of ``two-step reduction'') to the
case of foliations. Though this subject is well-outside the scope of
the present paper, we mention that such a way of formulating the
problem leads to non-trivial mathematical questions given the fact
that the adiabatic limit of foliations is poorly understood for the
case of foliations which are not Riemannian, such as those which are
of interest in our case (see Remark 3 after Theorem 2 of reference
\cite{g2}). The adiabatic limit for the general situation when one has
to deal with a singular foliation $\bar{\mathcal{F}}$ does not seem to have been
investigated in the Mathematics literature.
\subsection{A non-commutative description of the leaf space ?}
Recall from \cite{g2} that the leaf space of $\mathcal{F}$ admits a very
explicit description as a non-commutative torus in the everywhere
non-chiral case (the case $\mathcal{U}=M$, when the foliation graph is reduced
either to a circle or to a single exceptional vertex). This leads to
the speculation \cite{Levitt3} that the topological information which
is lost when constructing the exceptional vertices of the foliation graph
in the general case could be encoded
by some sort of non-commutative geometry, as expected from the fact
that such vertices are constructed by collapsing at least one minimal
component of the Novikov decomposition to a single point; since the
minimal components are foliated by dense leaves, the $C^\ast$-algebra
of their leaf space must be non-commutative. Unfortunately, it is
non-trivial to make this expectation precise, because one also has to
take into account the effect of the singular leaves of $\bar{\mathcal{F}}$, so progress on this question would
first require giving a proper definition/construction of the
$C^\ast$-algebras of singular foliations in the sense of Haefliger, a
task which, to our knowledge, has not yet been carried out in the mathematics
literature. One may hope that some modification of the construction of
\cite{Androulidakis1, Androulidakis2} (which applies to singular
foliations in the sense of Stefan-Sussmann) would lead to a solution
of this problem for the case of Haefliger structures, a case which is
logically orthogonal to that considered in loc. cit.
\section{Conclusions and further directions}
We studied $\mathcal{N}=1$ compactifications of eleven-dimensional
supergravity down to $\mathrm{AdS}_3$ in the case when the internal part $\xi$
of the supersymmetry generator is not required to be everywhere
non-chiral, but under the assumption that $\xi$ is not chiral
everywhere. We showed that, in such cases, the Einstein equations
require that the locus $\mathcal{W}$ where $\xi$ becomes chiral must be a set
with empty interior and therefore of measure zero. The regular
foliation of \cite{g2} is replaced in such cases by a singular
foliation ${\bar \mathcal{F}}$ (equivalently, by a Haefliger structure on $M$)
which ``integrates'' a cosmooth singular distribution (generalized
bundle) $\mathcal{D}$ on $M$. The singular leaves of $\bar{\mathcal{F}}$ are precisely
those leaves which meet the chiral locus $\mathcal{W}$, thus acquiring
singularities on that locus.
We discussed the topology of such singular foliations in the generic
case when ${\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ is a Morse one-form, showing that it is governed
by the foliation graph of \cite{MelnikovaThesis,MelnikovaGraph,
FKL}. On the non-chiral locus, we compared the foliation approach of
\cite{g2} with the $\mathrm{Spin}(7)_\pm$ structure approach of
\cite{Tsimpis}, giving explicit formulas for translating between the
two methods and showing that they agree. It would be interesting to
study what supplementary constraints --- if any --- may be imposed on
the topology of $\bar{\mathcal{F}}$ (and on its foliation graph) by the
supersymmetry conditions; this would require, in particular, a
generalization of the work of \cite{FKL, Honda}.
The singular foliation $\bar{\mathcal{F}}$ is defined by a closed one-form
${\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ whose zero set coincides with the chiral locus. Along the
leaves of $\bar{\mathcal{F}}$ and outside the intersection of the latter with
$\mathcal{W}$, the torsion classes are determined by the fluxes \cite{g2}. For
the singular leaves in the Morse case, this leads to a more
complicated version of the problems which were studied in
\cite{Kcones1, Kcones2} for metrics with $G_2$ holonomy (the case of
torsion-free $G_2$ structures).
The backgrounds discussed in this paper display a rich interplay
between spin geometry, the theory of G-structures, the theory of
foliations and the topology of closed one-forms \cite{Farber}. This
suggests numerous problems that could be approached using the methods
and results of reference \cite{g2} and of this paper --- not least of
which concerns the generalization to the case of singular foliations
of the non-commutative geometric description of the leaf space. In
this regard, we note that a complete solution of this problem requires
extending the construction of the $C^\ast$ algebra of regular
foliations to the case of singular foliations in the sense of
Haefliger --- a generalization which would be different from
(and, in fact, ``orthogonal'' to) that performed in
\cite{Androulidakis1, Androulidakis2} for the case of singular
foliations in the sense of Stefan-Sussmann. This problem is unsolved
already for the case of singular foliations defined by a Morse
one-form (the difficulty being in how to deal with the singular
leaves). It would be interesting to study quantum corrections to this
class of backgrounds, with a view towards clarifying their effect on
the geometry of $\bar{\mathcal{F}}$. As mentioned in the introduction, the class of
backgrounds discussed here appears to be connected with the proposals
of \cite{Grana} and \cite{Bonetti}, connections which deserve to be
explored in detail.
One of the reasons why the class of backgrounds studied in this paper
may be of wider interest is because, as pointed out in \cite{Tsimpis},
the structure group of $M$ does {\em not} globally reduce to a a proper
subgroup of $\mathrm{SO}(8)$. This is the origin of the phenomena discussed in
this paper, which illustrate the limitations of the theory of
classical G-structures as well as of the theory of regular
foliations. In its classical form \cite{Chern}, the former does not
provide a sufficiently wide conceptual framework for a fully general
{\em global} description of all flux compactifications.
\acknowledgments{The work of C.I.L. is supported by the research grant
IBS-R003-G1 while E.M.B. acknowledges support from the strategic
grant POSDRU/159/1.5/S/133255, Project ID 133255 (2014), co-financed
by the European Social Fund within the Sectorial Operational Program
Human Resources Development 2007--2013. This work was also financed
by the CNCS-UEFISCDI grants PN-II-ID-PCE 121/2011 and 50/2011 and
also by PN 09 37 01 02. The authors thank M.~Grana, D.~Tsimpis and
especially I.~Gelbukh for correspondence and suggestions.}
| $ such that $(\gamma_i,[L_j])=\delta_{ij}$
and such that $\gamma_i$ provide a direct sum decomposition:
\begin{equation*}
H_1(M,\mathbb{Z})=\langle \gamma_1,\ldots, \gamma_{c({\boldsymbol{\omega}})}\rangle \oplus \iota_\ast(H_1(\Delta))~~,
\end{equation*}
where $\iota:\Delta \hookrightarrow M$ is the inclusion map.
Let $\mathcal{H}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}\stackrel{{\rm def.}}{=} H_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}\cap (\mathrm{ker}\mathrm{per}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}})^\perp$. Then
\cite{Gelbukh5} the subgroup $\mathcal{H}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ is a direct summand in
$H_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ while $H_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ is a direct summand in
$H_{n-1}(M,\mathbb{Z})$. Furthermore, only the following
values are allowed for ${\rm rk}\mathcal{H}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$:
\begin{equation*}
{\rm rk}\mathcal{H}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}\in \{0,\ldots \rho ({\boldsymbol{\omega}})-2\}\cup\{\rho({\boldsymbol{\omega}})\}~~.
\end{equation*}
\subsection{The Novikov decomposition of $M$}
What we shall call the ``Novikov decomposition'' is a generalization
of the Morse decomposition \cite{Milnor, Morse1, Morse2}, which was
introduced in \cite{Melnikova2, Melnikova3} (see also \cite{FKL,
Honda}) and used extensively in \cite{Gelbukh1}--\cite{Gelbukh9};
the name is motivated by analogy with ``Morse decomposition'', due to
the role which this decomposition plays in the modern study of the
topology of closed one-forms \cite{Farber}. Define $C^\mathrm{max}$ to be the
union of all compact leaves and $C^\mathrm{min}$ to be the union of all
non-compactifiable leaves of $\mathcal{F}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$; it is clear that these two
subsets of $M$ are disjoint. Then it was shown in
\cite{ImanishiSing,Levitt1} that both $C^\mathrm{max}$ and $C^\mathrm{min}$ are open
subsets of $M$ which have a common topological small frontier
$F$\footnote{This should not be confused with the internal part of the
flux which is denoted by the same letter.} given by the (disjoint)
union $F_0\cup \mathrm{Sing}({\boldsymbol{\omega}})$, where $F_0$ is the union of all those
leaves of $\mathcal{F}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ which are compactifiable but non-compact:
\begin{equation*}
\mathrm{fr} C^\mathrm{max}=\mathrm{fr} C^\mathrm{min}=F\stackrel{{\rm def.}}{=} F_0\sqcup \mathrm{Sing}({\boldsymbol{\omega}})~~.
\end{equation*}
Each of the open sets $C^\mathrm{max}$ and $C^\mathrm{min}$ has a finite number of
connected components, which are called the {\em maximal} and {\em
minimal} components of the set $M\setminus F=C^\mathrm{max}\sqcup C^\mathrm{min}$. We
let:
\begin{itemize}
\itemsep0em
\item $N_\mathrm{max}({\boldsymbol{\omega}})\stackrel{{\rm def.}}{=} |\pi_0(C^\mathrm{max})|$ denote the number of maximal components
\item $N_\mathrm{min}({\boldsymbol{\omega}})\stackrel{{\rm def.}}{=} |\pi_0(C^\mathrm{min})|$ denote the number of minimal components
\end{itemize}
Indexing these by $C^\mathrm{max}_j$ and $C^\mathrm{min}_a$ (where $j=1,\ldots,N_\mathrm{max}({\boldsymbol{\omega}})$
and $a=1,\ldots,N_\mathrm{min}({\boldsymbol{\omega}})$), we have:
\begin{equation}
\label{CMm}
C^\mathrm{max}=\sqcup_{j=1}^{N_\mathrm{max}({\boldsymbol{\omega}})}C_j^\mathrm{max}~~,~~C^\mathrm{min}=\sqcup_{a=1}^{N_\mathrm{min}({\boldsymbol{\omega}})}C_a^\mathrm{min}~~
\end{equation}
and hence (since \eqref{CMm} are {\em finite} and {\em disjoint}
unions) we also have:
\begin{eqnarray*}
&&\overline{C^\mathrm{max}}=\cup_{j=1}^{N_\mathrm{max}({\boldsymbol{\omega}})}\overline{C_j^\mathrm{max}}~~,
~~\overline{C^\mathrm{min}}=\cup_{a=1}^{N_\mathrm{min}({\boldsymbol{\omega}})}\overline{C_a^\mathrm{min}}~~,\\
&&F=\mathrm{fr} C^\mathrm{max}=\cup_{j=1}^{N_\mathrm{max}({\boldsymbol{\omega}})}\mathrm{fr} C_j^\mathrm{max}=\mathrm{fr} C^\mathrm{min}=\cup_{a=1}^{N_\mathrm{min}({\boldsymbol{\omega}})}\mathrm{fr} C_a^\mathrm{min}~~.
\end{eqnarray*}
Notice that the unions appearing in these equalities need not be
disjoint anymore, in particular the small frontiers of two distinct maximal
components can intersect each other and similarly for two distinct
minimal components. Let \footnote{$\Delta$ should not be confused with
the warp factor.}:
\begin{equation*}
\Delta\stackrel{{\rm def.}}{=} M\setminus C^\mathrm{max}=\overline{C^\mathrm{min}}=C^\mathrm{min}\sqcup F~~
\end{equation*}
be the union of all non-compact leaves and singularities. This subset
has a finite number (which we denote by $v({\boldsymbol{\omega}})$) of connected
components $\Delta_s$:
\begin{equation}
\label{DeltaDec}
\Delta=\sqcup_{s=1}^{v({\boldsymbol{\omega}})}\Delta_s~~.
\end{equation}
The connected components of $F$ (which are again in finite number) are
finite unions of singular points and of non-compact but compactifiable
leaves of $\mathcal{F}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ which coincide with the `compact parts' of
the singular leaves of $\bar{\mathcal{F}}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ (see \eqref{cLdec}).
One can show \cite{FKL, Levitt2} that each maximal component $C_j^\mathrm{max}$ is
diffeomorphic to the open unit cylinder over any of the (compact)
leaves $L_j$ of the restricted foliation $\mathcal{F}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}|_{C_j^\mathrm{max}}$,
through a diffeomorphism which maps this restricted foliation to the
foliation of the cylinder given by its sections $L_j\times \{t\}$:
\begin{equation}
\label{maxcyl}
C_j^\mathrm{max}\simeq L_j\times (0,1)~~.
\end{equation}
In particular, we have:
\begin{equation*}
\rho({\boldsymbol{\omega}}|_{C_j^\mathrm{max}})=0~~.
\end{equation*}
Being connected, each non-compactifiable leaf $L$ of $\mathcal{F}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ is
contained in exactly one minimal component. It was shown in
\cite{ImanishiSing} (see also Appendix of \cite{Levitt1}) that $L$ is
{\em dense} in that minimal component. Furthermore, one has
\cite{FKL, Levitt1}:
\begin{equation*}
\rho({\boldsymbol{\omega}}|_{C_a^\mathrm{min}})\geq 2~~,~~a=1,\ldots,N_\mathrm{min}({\boldsymbol{\omega}})~~.
\end{equation*}
In particular, any minimal component $C_a^\mathrm{min}$ must satisfy $b_1(C_a^\mathrm{min})\geq 2$.
\paragraph{Definition.}
The foliation $\mathcal{F}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ is called {\em compactifiable} if each of its
leaves is compactifiable, i.e. if it has no minimal components.
\subsection{The foliation graph}
Since each maximal component $C_j^\mathrm{max}$ is a cylinder, its frontier
consists of either one or two connected components. When the frontier
of $C_j^\mathrm{max}$ is connected, there exists exactly one connected component
$\Delta_{s_j}$ of $\Delta$ such that $\mathrm{fr} C_j^\mathrm{max}\subset
\Delta_{s_j}$. When the frontier of $C_j^\mathrm{max}$ has two connected
components, there exist distinct indices $s'_1$ and $s''_j$ such that
these components are subsets of $\Delta_{s'_j}$ and $\Delta_{s''_j}$,
respectively. These observations allow one to define a graph as follows \cite{FKL, Honda}:
\paragraph{Definition.}
The {\em foliation graph} $\Gamma_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ of ${\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ is the unoriented
graph whose vertices are the connected components $\Delta_s$ of
$\Delta$ and whose edges are the maximal components $C_j^\mathrm{max}$. An edge
$C_j^\mathrm{max}$ is incident to a vertex $\Delta_s$ iff a connected component
of $\mathrm{fr} C_j^\mathrm{max}$ is contained in $\Delta_s$; it is a loop at $\Delta_s$ iff
$\mathrm{fr} C_j^\mathrm{max}$ is connected and contained in $\Delta_s$. A vertex $\Delta_s$ of
$\Gamma_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ is called {\em exceptional} (or of {\em type II}) if it contains at least one
minimal component; otherwise, it is called {\em regular} (or of {\em type I}).
\
\noindent The terminology {\em type I}, {\em type II} for vertices is
used in \cite{Gelbukh7}. Since $M$ is connected, it follows that $\Gamma_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ is a connected
graph. Notice that $\Gamma_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ can have loops and multiple edges as well
as terminal vertices.
\begin{figure}[h!]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[scale=0.5]{genfolgraph.eps}
\caption{An example of foliation graph. Regular (a.k.a type I)
vertices are represented by black dots, while exceptional
(a.k.a. type II) vertices are represented by green blobs. All
terminal vertices are regular vertices and correspond to center
singularities. Notice that the graph can have multiple edges as
well as loops.}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
Let ${\rm deg} \Delta_s$ denote the degree (valency) of $\Delta_s$ as a
vertex of the foliation graph. A regular vertex $\Delta_s$ can be of two types:
\begin{itemize}
\itemsep 0.0em
\item A center singularity $\Delta_s=\{p\}$ (with $p\in \Sigma_0({\boldsymbol{\omega}})$), when ${\rm deg}
\Delta_s=1$. In this case, $\Delta_s$ is a terminal vertex of $\Gamma_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$.
\item A compact singular leaf when ${\rm deg} \Delta_s \geq 2$.
\end{itemize}
Every exceptional vertex is a union of minimal components, singular points and compactifiable non-compact leaves of
$\mathcal{F}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$. For any vertex $\Delta_s$ of the foliation graph, we have \cite{Gelbukh7}:
\begin{equation*}
|\Delta_s \cap \Sigma_1^\mathrm{sp}({\boldsymbol{\omega}})|\geq {\rm deg} \Delta_s+2m_{\Delta_s}-2~~,
\end{equation*}
where $m_{\Delta_s}$ is the number of minimal components contained in
$\Delta_s$. In particular, a regular vertex with ${\rm deg} \Delta_s>2$ is a compact singular leaf which
contains at least one splitting strong saddle singularity. The number of edges $e(\Gamma_{\boldsymbol{\omega}})$ equals
$N_\mathrm{max}({\boldsymbol{\omega}})$ while the number of vertices $v(\Gamma_{\boldsymbol{\omega}})$ equals
$v({\boldsymbol{\omega}})$. Furthermore, it was shown in \cite{Gelbukh8} that the
cycle rank $b_1(\Gamma_{\boldsymbol{\omega}})$ equals $c({\boldsymbol{\omega}})$. Thus:
\begin{equation*}
e(\Gamma_{\boldsymbol{\omega}})=N_\mathrm{max}({\boldsymbol{\omega}})~~,~~ v(\Gamma_{\boldsymbol{\omega}})=v({\boldsymbol{\omega}})\leq |\mathrm{Sing}({\boldsymbol{\omega}})|~~,~~b_1(\Gamma_{\boldsymbol{\omega}})=c({\boldsymbol{\omega}})~~.
\end{equation*}
The graph Euler identity $e(\Gamma_{\boldsymbol{\omega}})=v(\Gamma_{\boldsymbol{\omega}})+b_1(\Gamma_{\boldsymbol{\omega}})-1$
implies:
\begin{equation*}
N_\mathrm{max}({\boldsymbol{\omega}})=c({\boldsymbol{\omega}})+v({\boldsymbol{\omega}})-1 \leq c({\boldsymbol{\omega}})+|\mathrm{Sing}({\boldsymbol{\omega}})|-1~~,
\end{equation*}
where we noticed that $v({\boldsymbol{\omega}})\leq |\mathrm{Sing}({\boldsymbol{\omega}})|$ since each $\Delta_s$ contains at least one
singular point. An example of foliation graph is depicted in Figure 3.
\paragraph{Constraints on the foliation graph from the irrationality rank of ${\boldsymbol{\omega}}$.}
When the chiral locus $\mathcal{W}$ is empty (i.e. when ${\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ is
nowhere-vanishing) we have $\mathrm{Sing}({\boldsymbol{\omega}})=\emptyset$ and ${\bar
\mathcal{F}}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}=\mathcal{F}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ is a regular foliation. Even though this
doesn't fit our assumption $\mathrm{Sing}{\boldsymbol{\omega}}\neq \emptyset$, one can
define a (degenerate) foliation graph also in this situation (which was
considered in \cite{g2}). In this case, knowledge of the irrationality
rank of $\mathfrak{f}$ determines the topology of the foliation $\mathcal{F}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$
for any ${\boldsymbol{\omega}}\in \mathfrak{f}$. Namely, one has only two possibilities (see
Figure \ref{fig:regfolgraph}):
\begin{itemize}
\itemsep 0.0em
\item $\rho(\mathfrak{f})=1$, i.e. $\mathfrak{f}$ is projectively rational. Then there
exists exactly one maximal component (which coincides with $M$) and
no minimal component. The foliation ``graph'' consists of one loop
and has no vertices; $M$ is a fibration over $S^1$ as a
consequence of Tischler's theorem \cite{Tischler}.
\item $\rho(\mathfrak{f})>1$, i.e. $\mathfrak{f}$ is projectively irrational. There exists
exactly one minimal component (which coincides with $M$) and no
maximal component, i.e. $\mathcal{F}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ is a minimal foliation. Then
the foliation graph consists of a single exceptional vertex and
every leaf of $\mathcal{F}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}}$ is dense in $M$. As explained in \cite{g2}, the
noncommutative geometry of the leaf space is described by the $C^\ast$ algebra
$C(M/\mathcal{F}_{\boldsymbol{\omega}})$ of the foliation, which is a non-commutative torus of dimensions
$\rho({\boldsymbol{\omega}})$. Notice that this refined topological information is not reflected
by the foliation graph.
\end{itemize}
\!\!\!\!\!\begin{figure}
\ | 3,989 |
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General Discussion And Navigation
An Epicurean Understanding of Valentine's Day: Love, Romance, and Free-will
Valentine's Day is one month away...how do we make sense of romance and love within the "Epicurean worldview". Is romantic love in direct opposition of the wisdom of free-will?
Diogenes Laertius :
Book 10, Sections 84-154
"They do not think that the wise man will ever be in love, nor that he will be anxious about his burial, nor that love is a passion inspired by the gods, as Diogenes says in his twelfth book. They also assert that he will be indifferent to the study of oratory. Intercourse, say they, is never any good to a man, and we must be quite content if it does no harm; [119] G and the wise man will never marry or beget children, as Epicurus himself lays it down, in his Problems and in his treaties on Nature. Still, under certain circumstances of life, he will forsake these rules and marry."
Diogenes Laertius: Principal Doctrines of Epicurus
And yet, is Venus standing at the center of the Epicurean Garden?
Lucretius begins his De rerum natura (On the Nature of Things) with a dedication to Venus:
Address to Venus
By Lucretius
Delight of Human kind, and Gods above;
Parent of Rome; Propitious Queen of Love;
Whose vital pow'r, Air, Earth, and Sea supplies;
And breeds what e'r is born beneath the rowling Skies:
For every kind, by thy prolifique might,
Springs, and beholds the Regions of the light:
Thee, Goddess thee, the clouds and tempests fear,
And at thy pleasing presence disappear:
For thee the Land in fragrant Flow'rs is drest,
For thee the Ocean smiles, and smooths her wavy breast;
And Heav'n it self with more serene, and purer light is blest.
For when the rising Spring adorns the Mead,
And a new Scene of Nature stands display'd,
When teeming Budds, and chearful greens appear,
And Western gales unlock the lazy year,
The joyous Birds thy welcome first express,
Whose native Songs thy genial fire confess:
Then savage Beasts bound o're their slighted food,
Strook with thy darts, and tempt the raging floud:
All Nature is thy Gift; Earth, Air, and Sea:
Of all that breathes, the various progeny,
Stung with delight, is goaded on by thee.
O'er barren Mountains, o'er the flow'ry Plain,
The leavy Forest, and the liquid Main
Extends thy uncontroul'd and boundless reign.
Through all the living Regions dost thou move,
And scattr'st, where thou goest, the kindly seeds of Love:
Since then the race of every living thing,
Obeys thy pow'r; since nothing new can spring
Without thy warmth, without thy influence bear,
Or beautiful, or lovesome can appear,
Be thou my ayd: My tuneful Song inspire,
And kindle with thy own productive fire;
While all thy Province Nature, I survey,
And sing to Memmius an immortal lay
Of Heav'n, and Earth, and every where thy wond'rous pow'r display.
To Memmius, under thy sweet influence born,
Whom thou with all thy gifts and graces dost adorn.
The rather, then assist my Muse and me,
Infusing Verses worthy him and thee.
Mean time on Land and Sea let barb'rous discord cease,
And lull the listening world in universal peace.
To thee, Mankind their soft repose must owe,
For thou alone that blessing canst bestow;
Because the brutal business of the War
Is manag'd by thy dreadful Servant's care:
Who oft retires from fighting fields, to prove
The pleasing pains of thy eternal Love:
And panting on thy breast, supinely lies,
While with thy heavenly form he feeds his famish'd eyes:
Sucks in with open lips, thy balmy breath,
By turns restor'd to life, and plung'd in pleasing death.
There while thy curling limbs about him move,
Involv'd and fetter'd in the links of Love,
When wishing all, he nothing can deny,
Thy charms in that auspicious moment try;
With winning eloquence our peace implore,
And quiet to the weary World restore.
Aphrodite of Menophantos, a Venus pudica ("modest venus") the best-known copy type of the Venus of Cnidus, here bearing the signature of the sculptor Menophantos: "work by Menophantos, after the Aphrodite in the Troad". Marble, Greek artwork, 1st century BC. From the church San Gregorio al Celio, Rome. https://commons.m.wikimedia.or…:Venus_pudica_Massimo.jpg
Is this to be seen as a reverence for nature and the natural world, rather than a reverence for romantic love?
The Internet Classics Archive | On the Nature of Things by Lucretius
And here, whoso
Decides to call the ocean Neptune, or
The grain-crop Ceres, and prefers to abuse
The name of Bacchus rather than pronounce
The liquor's proper designation, him
Let us permit to go on calling earth
Mother of Gods, if only he will spare
To taint his soul with foul religion.
We should always remember that Lucretius is using the Greek gods' names metaphorically, as he describes in Book 2 above.
Aphrodite and the Gods of Love: Worship (Getty Villa Exhibitions)
This is the first time I've ever seen one aspect of Aphrodite be named "Aphrodite en kepois" (Aphrodite in the gardens).
https://www.theoi.com/Cult/AphroditeCult.html
This page seems to imply there was a shrine of Aphrodite kepois in or near the Kerameikos district of ancient Athens. Where was the Garden of Epicurus? In the Kerameikos. Coincidence? Pausanias was writing in the 2nd c. CE.
Aphrodite of the Gardens - Wikipedia
I realize this is a bit of a tangent so I apologize for that. To get back on track, here's my take on the characteristics of the sage as it pertains to this topic:
Epicurean Sage - Sexual Relationships
I have tried to use the most literal translations of the Greek words here for more impact. Some translations use "marriage" or "fall in love" for words in the…
PS: Having looked at that Pausanias excerpt closer, maybe I spoke too soon. Here are the two sections in Pausanias where he talks about Aphrodite in the gardens:
Pausanias, Description of Greece, Attica, chapter 27
Thank you for starting this thread and thanks for the text references. This is a huge area of interest for most people and we really need to explore this.
Thank you Don for sharing your "Epicurean Sage" translations...very helpful to read.
So...we could do an intellectual assessment of the historical context of male/female (or even male/male) relationships back in Epicurus' time...because it's quite fascinating how different things were, for people in ancient Greece and ancient Rome.
But for now maybe let's stay with love and romance in modern times...
Here is an interesting song by a band called "Sweet" that I came across just last year (this song was shortly before my generation of music)...I am focusing specifically on the chorus (and not on the verses).
External Content m.youtube.com
"Love is like oxygen,
You get too much,
You get too high,
Not enough,
And your gonna die."
So thinking about just these words...this talks about a human need. And also the need for having the best amount of love. But there is "sexual love" and "non-sexual love"...romance or friendship...and in modern times we can sometimes have a mix of both (a very rare thing in the form of a "situationship"). And certainly for married couples the best hoped for situation is a mix of romance and friendship.
Since we are talking about Valentine's Day, I am excluding from this discussion "family love" which would be a type of friendship, such as between sibblings, or adult parents being friends with adult children. I am also excluding the "non-sexual" -- "love-as-a-duty"...when there is a mix of the feeling of duty and caring...the feeling of caring but not necessarily loving. (Yet there could be a mix of caring and loving).
The word "love" itself becomes very complicated because of all it's forms.
Also it is important to exclude "love as infatuation" since this is based on the imagination and is not based on reality...except...wait a minute ...isn't this what Valentine's Day is all about??? And so many millions of modern love songs, are all describing the "love as infatuation" kind of romantic love. Is this "passionate love" the very thing of human sexual reproduction...we must submit to this inaccurate mixed up state of mind in order to procreate? Perhaps this is how it is for us now, but back in Epicurus' time marriage was not for love and romance, but only for having children.
Now popping back into thinking about the original Epicurean Garden...was there an emphasis on friendship as a substitute for "romantic" entanglements? Was there an emphasis on friendship based on the study of philosophy? Were there rules against the kind of romantic entanglements that might have been going on back then...<|fim_middle|>ing and "romance" are pretty far apart on the Venn diagram in general. They can join up, but in general the roles change entirely once the wee ones appear.
Epicurus: Fragments - translation
I keep coming back to Usener Fragment 67:
"For I at least do not even know what I should conceive the good to be, if I eliminate the pleasures of taste, and eliminate the pleasures of sex, and eliminate the pleasures of listening, and eliminate the pleasant motions caused in our vision by a visible form."
And I think there Matt you are introducing the very difficult but very important issue of cultural and gender rules and norms that vary greatly over time. I don't need to be more specific than to note that there is fierce disagreement over whether there is a single correct attitude toward these topics -- whether our current societal norms in 2022 in the West are better or worse than those of 200 BC Athens. We can debate those issues "til kingdom come" and never arrive at a consensus solution.
But the point is that Epicurus was very clear that we should challenge and not accept on authority whether cultural norms are to be accepted by us individually or not. All of us are influenced by prevailing norms, and also we are aware of historical differences, and the possibility that things may change in the future. The reality for us is that we only have one life to live, and we have to make choices in the present as to what will lead to more or less pleasure and pain.
I think if Epicurus were here today he would probably say the same thing now as then: that giving in to cultural norms without examining them and deciding whether we will ultimately be happy that we chose to follow them or not is a very im-prudent method of proceeding.
I think if Epicurus were here today he would probably say
These kind of statements always make me a little uneasy. The only speaking Epicurus is doing today is through his extant writings. I realize we need to interpret what we have, but I'd just advise treading carefully when putting words in Epicurus's mouth.
I'm not saying I necessarily disagree, but just adding that caveat.
7 user have posted here
Kalosyni (21)
Cassius (17)
Don (9) | romantic relationships with courtesans and also paiderastia (yikes! way too complicated for me).
So maybe we better bring it back to modern times...would a modern Epicurean think: if you are married, then that's fine...stay married (if your marriage is working out fine) and if you are single, then stay single because you will find more "love" (of the friendship variety) amongst a group of friends than by going off with one person.
But then this does bring up the question of friendship. As in modern times we can have very deep friendships, or just very shallow superficial friendships.
Does anyone know if Philodemus wrote anything on friendships?
Would love to hear comments on anything I have written here
Just found this in Academia. Just read the first few paragraphs, but I found the author's note on translation of DL 10.118 and VS51 intriguing!
Epicurus on Sex, Marriage, and Children
Argues for the correct understanding of two fragments of Epicurean ethics. Changes text of one fragment (change substantially accepted in Marcovich's 1999…
www.academia.edu
Thought this might be helpful too
Greek words for love - Wikipedia
I'll look forward to digging into your post as well!
At some point we need to bring in the specific text material from Lucretius. Also, in terms of marriage in Epicurus' own context, we need to be sure we keep grounded in Epicurus' will, in which he provided for the marriage of Metrodorus' daughter.
As for "Sweet" being before your generation, that's one of the burdens of being old like I am. I remember very clearly that song playing on the radio when it first came out!
Quote from Kalosyni
Couldn't agree more on that. I always come back to the ability of English to say each of the following:
I love ice cream.
I love my spouse.
I love my children.
I love my grandma.
I love my friends.
I love reading.
An abundance of nuance is packed into that one four-letter word "love." It does a lot of heavy lifting in our language!
Quote from Cassius
in terms of marriage in Epicurus' own context, we need to be sure we keep grounded in Epicurus' will, in which he provided for the marriage of Metrodorus' daughter.
That is not a lot to go on. To expand the view to the earliest Epicureans, I submit this excerpt from Metrodorus's Wikipedia entry (emphasis added):
Metrodorus died in 278/7 BC, in the 53rd year of his age, seven years before Epicurus, who would have appointed him his successor had he survived him. He left behind him a son named Epicurus, and a daughter, whom Epicurus, in his will, entrusted to the guardianship of Amynomachus and Timocrates of Potamus, to be brought up under the joint care of themselves and Hermarchus, and provided for out of the property which he left behind him. In a letter also which he wrote upon his death-bed, Epicurus commended the children to the care of Idomeneus, who had married Batis, the sister of Metrodorus. The 20th of each month was kept by the disciples of Epicurus as a festive day in honour of their master and Metrodorus. Leontion is spoken of as the wife or mistress of Metrodorus.
That in itself doesn't prove any position on marriage. It was just the prudent and compassionate thing to do, because back then all respectable women were married...all unmarried women would have been either a courtesan or a prostitute. But for men, they could live unmarried and not be stigmatized.
It seems that the only way to solve this puzzle for modern times, is to use a hedonic calculus. But then how do you determine the outcome with regard to pleasure and pain? This simply could be a subjective feeling, so some people might decide that marriage results in too much pain and so will not get married...or if divorced they will not seek to get re-married. But the problem is that you sometimes can't predict the outcome. And then this: is it worth experiencing an extreme amount of emotional pain so that you can enjoy some brief times of emotional (and physical) pleasure?
Quote from Don
Just found this in Academia. Just read the first few paragraphs,
Reading further, the author of that article concludes that the traditional translation is the right one:
Until very weighty evidence is brought forward to the contrary, it seems to me that we should feel confident that the traditional translation is the right one: sex is never beneficial, and you are lucky if it doesn't actually harm you-by implica- tion, it usually does. The sentence does not say "sex is desirable"; the syntax does not connect those two words. As to Cicero's translation, I reluctantly conclude that he, like Purinton, simply got it wrong.
I'll need to read that closer then! Thanks for that! You were quicker than I was.
I will say that I'm always a little skeptical of phrases like:
" As to Cicero's translation, I reluctantly conclude that he, like Purinton, simply got it wrong."
Purinton is modern, but Cicero was much closer to the source material than we are. He even knew practicing Epicureans! I'm not so sure his translation should be summarily dismissed as "simply getting it wrong."
Examining the meaning of: "Sex is never beneficial, and you are lucky if it doesn't actually harm you."
From a modern understanding...what kind of "harm" are we talking about now, in our times?
Without birth control and condom use, sex can lead to pregnancy or sexually transmitted diseases - so if you want to avoid those harms you must be scrupulous in your birth control and STD protection methods.
And also more importantly, from sex, some emotional consequences will be felt...which can become complicated if you are not in a committed relationship. (Casual sex will result in it's own type of emotional consequences, but since we are talking about Valentine's Day and "romance" and "love", I will exclude discussing modern casual sex, which is only practiced by a very small percentage of the population anyway).
I would say that the emotional consequences of sex within a committed relationship are "addiction" and a drive to protect what you have...so "attachment"...which can lead to fear of losing what you love, and jealousy. And then you are in a very precarious place within yourself...you are less free...but these are just some ideas, haven't thought this through very much yet. It is possible that in the right situation, you will not end up with the negative emotions of over-attachment, but you can only prevent this if both people in the relationship are very emotionally mature and grounded.
So most people choose to have children and also do so within the legal protections of marriage. And modern marriage is a big subject, which I think would be better discussed by someone who is both married and happily married.
External Content youtu.be
This is the reasoning I would use to come to a conclusion as to what Epicurus would most likely have endorsed at the end of his life (meaning in his most mature teaching). The way to solve this puzzle or any other puzzle is the hedonic calculus.
Every question is decided by VS71. "Every desire must be confronted by this question: What will happen to me if the object of my desire is accomplished, and what if it is not?"
Is the topic sex, or is it "romantic love," or is it marriage, or is "having children," or something else? It's easy to stray away from a precise question and to think that the answer to one might be the answer to the other.
A lot of the advice in Lucretius is geared toward the issue of "romanticizing" one's love interest (likely viewed as a form of intoxication) and how to sober yourself up. I won't quote all that here, but everyone needs to review the full statement by Lucretius starting at around line 1060 (here is the link to it in Bailey).
It would seem to me that Epicurus would say that while intoxication itself can have significant pleasure, what happens afterward is frequently more painful than pleasurable, so you had better be extremely cautious about being intoxicated.
Is that a flat ban against marriage, or children, or sex, or romance? I would say "clearly not." Is it a statement that these activities are some of the riskiest in life where the benefit/detriment ration can frequently go out of control and veer toward a very negative result? I would say again the answer is clear - "yes."
But just as firmly as I would say that it is a very un-Epicurean generalization that Epicurus taught us to avoid pain at all costs, and thereby live an ascetic live, I don't think he would have taught to adopt the general rule of avoiding romantic love, sex, marriage, and children.
And viewed from that perspective, like everything else in life, I think he would have said to be extremely careful handling dynamite (for example), but that if you are confident you can handle the dynamite to blast open new roads, build damns, and do things that you are confident will make your life better than otherwise, then it would certainly prudent for you to do so.
Here is the conclusion of the BRENNAN article which I will also attach here (sorry that this clip does not pick up the greek, so I will post a picture too):
But that something like this is right seems to me overwhelmingly plausible. We should count it pure gain to rid ourselves of "6iaTpa7rtcsicOaO"t and the monstrous fragment (frag. 591 Us.) that it spawned. No longer must we suppose that the Epicurean sage "turns aside from his purpose," or "feels shame in the presence of others"-both of them incredible claims for any school to make about its sage.
Instead, we have a perfectly natural continuation of the earlier discussion, which shows that the exceptional circumstances recognized in the case of marriage were also recognized in the case of child-rearing-exactly what Epicurus' own will tells us.
The evidence of the will thus coheres with our emendation of the text, and with the earlier alteration of Kai lpv to Kai Tr&5 or 06?? ptfv. All of these passages support the view that Epicurus was on record as advising, in general, against marriage and childrearing. But he also clearly thought that there were exceptions that justified both institutions, at least for certain Epicureans. And he was on record as saying this, too-perhaps in explicit comments in theoretical treatises, but at least through the contents of his will-so that later Epicureans had to incorporate this into their account of the master's views. I think that they were right to do so; nothing in the structure of Epicurean hedonism could justify the blanket prohibition.
TAD BRENNAN
King's College, London
In conclusion on this article, even though it is closer to my view, I think that it goes to far to say in English that Epicurus was likely to have been "on record as advising, in general, against marriage and childrearing."
I think the most likely-to-be-accurate statement would be that Epicurus was: ""on record as advising, in general, about the risks and dangers of marriage and childrearing."
The final statement, that "nothing in the structure of Epicurean hedonism could justify the blanket prohibition," is almost surely correct, since I think you could go further and say that ""nothing in the structure of Epicurean hedonism could justify the blanket prohibition" of any pleasure, because the proper formulation would be that on the other hand we do not choose every pleasure, because some actions can be expected to bring more pain than pleasure.
BRENNAN - Epicurus on Sex Marriage and Children - NA.pdf 179.92 kB – 0 Downloads
As far as kids go. It's definitely a personal choice that has to be right for the person. I've met many who don't have kids either by choice or by nature and they are perfectly happy in their lives. I've met plenty of happy people with kids, but also unhappy people. For me, having my daughters has been a paradigm shifting life changer. My happiness and pleasure is now tied to them. When I was single and without children, I would pursue my individual pleasure particularly in the "dating" world above most other pleasures, but now nature has put me in charge of these little ones. I'm only as "happy" as my saddest kid. So I'm tied to them.
Co-parent | 2,675 |
Draft Roadmaps for the national Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) and organic standards were developed in Myanmar on 4-5 July and 6-7 July 2017, respectively. In cooperation with the Department of Agriculture, Myanmar, the two workshops were organized at Central Agriculture Research and Training Center (CARTC), Bago Division, Myanmar and facilitated by Standards in the Southeast Asian Food Trade (SAFT) project. These workshops are part of a series of activities designed to support the development of GAP and/or Organic Roadmap in<|fim_middle|> development of food safety in the country. It was also a good opportunity to establish contacts with people from the Department of Agriculture for further exchange and support in the near future," said one of representatives from Myanmar Fruits, Flowers, and Vegetables Producers and Exporters Association (MFFVPEA). | Cambodia, Lao PDR, and Myanmar.
The workshops provided an opportunity for representatives from public institutions (i.e. Horticulture Division, Plant Protection Division of Myanmar Department of Agriculture) and representatives from the private sector (namely the Myanmar Fruit, Flower and Vegetable Producer and Exporter Association (MFVP) to learn and share their view on the two standards. Participants worked closely both during a panel discussion and sub-group works to identify long-term goals (year 2030) and medium-term goals (year 2021) and key components of the roadmaps. They worked together to develop five-year Strategies and Action Plans of each component for 2017-2018 including activities, lead agencies, timeframe, and resources needed.
"These workshops were quite interesting. I've learned the process of developing a Roadmap and provided some inputs that maybe useful for further | 180 |
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