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Q: setting COOKIE_DOMAIN to share cookies not working I have Wordpress website on www.something.com, and another php script on sub-domain www.panel.something.com
my php script has its own separate database and user table
Im trying to implement Single Sign On from Word<|fim_middle|> case).
Older browsers still implementing the deprecated » RFC 2109 may require a leading . to match all subdomains.
| ress and remove registration and sign in process on my php script on sub domain
as I follow this answer here
Single Sign On with SubDomains
as a first step I tried to enable COOKIE on main domain and sub-domain
but when I put this in my wp-config.php it doesnt let me to sign in to Wordpress
define( 'COOKIE_DOMAIN', '.something.com' );
even removing the dot
define( 'COOKIE_DOMAIN', 'something.com' );
doesnt work
I even tried
define( 'COOKIE_DOMAIN', 'www.something.com' );
but it doesnt let me login in my main Wordpress site
Im trying to use the same cookie in my www.something.com as well as my sub-domain www.panel.something.com
Thanks
A: First Clear Browser Cache (including cookies) + server cache from cache plugins etc.
Then set the following in your wp-config.php file:
define('ADMIN_COOKIE_PATH', '/');
define('COOKIE_DOMAIN', '');
define('COOKIEPATH', '');
define('SITECOOKIEPATH', '');
Also, you may checkout the answer from HERE:
define('WP_ALLOW_MULTISITE', true);
define('MULTISITE', true);
define('SUBDOMAIN_INSTALL', false);
define('DOMAIN_CURRENT_SITE', 'your-domain.com');
define('PATH_CURRENT_SITE', '/');
define('SITE_ID_CURRENT_SITE', 1);
define('BLOG_ID_CURRENT_SITE', 1);
define('SUNRISE', 'on');
If it still fails, then read this answer or contact your server support, there may be a configuration issue in the server.
A: For anyone wondering in 2022 and possibly later, just changing the COOKIE_DOMAIN worked for me. I have been trying out multiple things and googling for some time now, but this is working fine now. So, just include this is your wp-config.php file:
define('COOKIE_DOMAIN', 'domain.com') // note there is no dot nor www.;
Source: https://www.php.net/manual/en/function.setcookie.php
Domain
The (sub)domain that the cookie is available to. Setting this to a subdomain (such as 'www.example.com') will make the cookie available to that subdomain and all other sub-domains of it (i.e. w2.www.example.com). To make the cookie available to the whole domain (including all subdomains of it), simply set the value to the domain name ('example.com', in this | 495 |
Everything seems to slow down a little in August, including wedding season. I've been using the time to look ahead to fall and get started on some exciting new projects, including new additions to our online store. More to come soon!
You've been asking- and we've been listening. Soon, you'll be able to order a dozen of our signature Coconut Macaroons online, boxed and ready for gifting or enjoying!
It's jam time! We are using these quieter days to stock up on summer berries and turn them into beautiful preserves for winter gift boxes and next summer's cakes.
We are counting down the days to the first issue of To Market, a new publication from the editor of Edible Boston, which will focus on the New England food community as a whole and the policy issues that impact it. Until you get it in your hot little hands, you can read more here.
Hello summer! The oven has been cranking, and we have been floating from one beautiful wedding celebration to the next, sneaking in bike rides + beach trips, and eating all the berries. We hope you're doing some of the same.
The latest. If you have not yet heard our exciting news- we are thrilled to share that we have been awarded a Best of Boston by Boston Magazine + Boston Weddings for best wedding desserts! We could not be more excited, or more grateful to all the couples who've asked us to be a part of their celebration.
Lovely things. We are headed back to Lynzarium's Plant Shack! Join us on Sunday, July 31st for a pop up with Nectar & Green for the perfect summer breakfast pairing. Laurel will be sampling her incredible almond milk- and we'll have granola to go with-hope to see you there!
Community. Here at the kitchen, we only fill about one bag of trash every two weeks- thanks in large part to obsessive recycling- and our awesome friends at Black Earth Compost. Located here on Cape Ann, they offer curbside pickup to residents and businesses across the North Shore. We're big fans.
What happened to the May newsletter you ask? Good question. Now here we are in June. The Peonies are in bloom, wedding season is in full swing, and I've got lots to share with you. And while I'll be spending most of my days at the kitchen, I'm looking forward to sneaking in time at the beach and visiting all the exciting new food places opening on Cape Ann- hope to see you around!
The latest. Keep an eye out for us next week on facebook live with Style Me Pretty! Later this month, in partnership with Rockport Exchange, we will be back at Seaview Farm for our second annual farm dinner fundraiser in support of our local farmers' market. Please contact us for ticket information!
Lovely things. There is just something about June, with everything in bloom, that makes us a little giddy. We celebrated the season at a recent wedding with classic shortbread cookies dressed<|fim_middle|> in particular we get a lot of requests for our Lavender Honey cake, and find ourselves making a few trips to Tomten Beeworks in Ipswich for the Mansur family's beautiful, raw liquid honey. We also tuck little jars of their creamed honey into our large gift box for some local sweetness.
With the first day of Spring a few weeks away, it feels like just maybe we are out of the woods and can start to look forward to warmer weather. I've already started some spring cleaning at the kitchen and am busy working on some exciting new collaborations that I hope to share with you soon.
The latest. We're excited to announce that starting soon, we will be partnering with Nectar & Green to offer our classic granola as an add on option to their beautiful Almond Milk. Visit their site for details and to read more about this local business we love so dearly.
Lovely things. A little something pretty for your Monday- Vanilla Rose cupcake with Raspberry Buttercream. We love the hint of floral, especially this time of year when we are looking for something lighter and brighter.
Community. Every week we make the short drive to Chicken Little Farm in Ipswich to pick up our eggs. The farm is run by 18 year old Cole Desmond, who makes the health of his free range chickens his number one priority. His gorgeous eggs are the only ones we use in the Mayflour kitchen, and at home.
I don't think it's ever too late to commit to your new year's resolutions. And while January slipped quietly by, the start of a new month has me energized and excited for winter projects, like our very first newsletter!
The latest. All the news that's fit to print. This month we'll be celebrating Valentine's Day and spreading the love just as we did last year, with Lynzariums right here in East Gloucester. Join us all weekend for cupcakes + packaged goodies- perfect for gifting, excellent for indulging.
Lovely things. A little space for some inspiration. Winter means recipe testing and currently we're elbow deep in Marshmallows. Fluffy clouds of sweetness, we think they're kind of divine. Look for them soon as the newest addition to our confections selection.
Community. Here's where we rave about farmers, makers, and fellow small business owners. We get our beautiful Chocolate + Cocoa from Equal Exchange and love that everything is organic and fairly traded, supporting small farmers around the globe. | up in rose petals and pansies for something extra special.
Community. It doesn't get more local than Atlantic Saltworks. Flaky, small batch sea salt harvested right here in Gloucester. It adds depth of flavor to our cakes and a great crunch to our cookies + confections.
March felt a little like a lost month around here- it came and went and I barely noticed. Now I feel like I'm going to blink and it will be May. I'm gearing up for spring holidays, weddings, farm dinners, and some exciting editorials. And looking forward to sharing news on all of it with you.
The latest. A gift for Mom. Just a gentle reminder that Mother's Day is coming and it's always good to think ahead. We'll be adding Lavender Madeleines to our flourboxes in place of our classic cookies because we think Mom deserves something a little extra special. All Mother's Day orders must be in by Wednesday April 27.
Lovely things. Our new website is live! The goal was to create something user friendly that better showed what Mayflour is all about. We couldn't be happier with the results- and hope you'll agree. A HUGE thank you to Whitney Buckley for her tremendous talent and shared vision- she worked some serious magic for us!
Community. This time of year | 270 |
The reason for my lack of posts and general absence is because I've had a manic two weeks with back to back deadlines. One brief I had was to create four trend boards and present them to my course. Thank God for WGSN and Vogue.
I thought I'd share them with you all!
Masculine Outerwear has been around for a few seasons and it's set to continue in Autumn/Winter 14/15. This trend is part of the Industrial Evolution Macro Trend, specifically when defined as "soft union styling and synthetic comfort".
The Boyfriend look is a carryover that builds momentum as we focus on oversized silhouettes and masculine coats. The oversized proportions and strict lines are made more feminine with slightly brushed fabrics and pastel colours.
For men it's all about the wool mac. There's an indication of its transition from a classic item to a key fashion item. The option of warm wools and tweeds with panels and minimalistic detailing opens up this item to a younger audience.
The sport theme is refreshed with bomber jackets, sweatshirts, racer front dresses and skinny track pants. Sportswear is part of the Rendering Reality Macro Trend, defined as creating tailored sportswear silhouettes.
For women, the bomber jacket is back with a longer hem and texture references. Sweatshirt dresses are building on their success by stretching its commercial appeal with structured silhouettes. Racer Sport styling extends into party wear by shifting away slightly from the halter neck dress that was popular in Spring/Summer 13. The skinny track pants have been building momentum and widening its audience to people who like the skinny leg detail.
In terms of male fashion, the key item is the premium sweatshirt. The premium designs push<|fim_middle|> down the grunge route, the jacket goes for the matt leather finish, giving it a more premium feel. It's been seen on Gucci, Lanvin and Yves Saint Laurent's runways.
Which trend are you looking forward to the most?
I am going to be all over leather and winter folk like a rash - I love it. How handy is WGSN for posts like these? Relief, I tell ya. | sportswear into a new market and demographic – it's no longer limited to casual wear. A carryover into this season is the formal jogger. This more formal, tailored styling continues to grow and send the seasonal message of smartened sportswear.
Winter Folk brings Mexican embroidery and clothing suitable for a rough terrain to the market. Winter Folk is part of the Modern Myth Macro trend which is defined as a "contemporary take on local legends" with details like hand craft and folklore.
For female shoppers the trend is made up of textured knits ranging from simple ribs to shaggy loops. This is the perfect way to show this seasons Mexican inspired colours. The dimensional colours give this trend the chance to extend to a junior market who wants to make a strong styling statement.
For male shoppers the carryover of the arctic parka becomes a fashion piece, rather than something practical. Textured knits are important as well. Heavier yarns and simple silhouettes feature throughout as it's all about texture and dimension. For the braver fashion follower Aztec embroided shawls are available as seen in Burberry.
Continuing the success it has had all over the world, the leather jacket is back. This is part of the Industrial Macro Trend, under the Tough Luxe element according to WGSN.
For women, the jacket is reworked with many trendy elements added such as varsity detailing, quilting or shearing to create a super-jacket hybrid.
For men, it's a core item this season. Instead of going | 314 |
Using the battery-powered Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV), Astronaut David Scott of the Apollo 15 mission becomes the first person to drive a vehicle on the Moon. The LRV was used during the last three missions to the Moon, Apollo 15, 16, and 17. The three LRVs used during the missions still remain on the surface of the moon.
Apple begins work on the Lisa, which would become the world's first commercial computer with a graphical user interface. Originally intended to sell for $2,000 and ship in 1981, the Lisa is delayed until 1983 and sells for $10,000. Utilizing technology that is ahead of its time, the high cost, relative lack of software, and some hardware reliability issues ultimately sink the success of the Lisa. However, much of the technology introduced by the Lisa influenced the development of the Macintosh as well as other future computer and operating system designs.
IBM introduces their System/<|fim_middle|> personal computer, also known as the Amiga 1000 or A1000. Featuring a multitasking, windowed operating system, color graphics, and stereo sound among other features ahead of its time, the Amiga developed a loyal user following that remained strong even as the PC market became increasingly consolidated between the dominant IBM-compatible PCs and Apple Macintosh computers. | 23 Datamaster desktop computer, only two weeks before they introduce their IBM PC. Geared towards small business for use as a word processor and data processor, the computer was designed to be set up by end-users without the need of a computer specialist. While now a footnote in history, the importance of the Datamaster is that many of the team members that developed it were re-assigned to the secret IBM PC project. Much of the knowledge they acquired working on the Datamaster went into developing the IBM PC as quickly as possible. For example, the choice of the Intel 8088 processor in the IBM PC was based on the team's familiarity with the similar Intel 8085 processor used in the Datamaster.
About two weeks before IBM begins shipping the first IBM PC, Microsoft buys the full rights to the operating system 86-DOS, formerly known as QDOS (Quick and Dirty Operating System), from Seattle Computer Products for $50,000. Microsoft had previously paid $25,000 to SCP for a non-exclusive license in December 1980 in order to begin porting the operating system to the IBM PC, which used the Intel 8088 processor. Microsoft renamed 86-DOS to MS-DOS and licensed it to IBM as PC-DOS. SCP would later sue Microsoft claiming fraud because Microsoft did not reveal IBM as a licensee. The case was settled in SCP's favor for 1 million dollars, a fraction of the annual revenue Microsoft was receiving from MS-DOS and PC-DOS.
Syncom 2, the world's first geosynchronous satellite, is launched. Syncom 1 was intended to be the first geosynchronous satellite, but an electronics failure rendered the satellite inoperable during the ascent to orbit.
The FCC approves the merger of the two satellite radio companies, Sirius and XM.
The first successful rocket launch occurs at Cape Canaveral. The rocket, Bumper 8, was a captured German V-2 modified with a US Army Corporal second stage.
Cape Canaveral's location in the southeast is an ideal site for rocket launches in the United States. By launching eastward, rockets are able to take advantage of the linear velocity of the Earth's rotation. This velocity is greatest towards the equator, making the southern United States preferable. And by launching towards the ocean, away from populated areas, safety downrange from the launch is maximized in case of problems.
Commodore introduces its Amiga | 518 |
GDP Data Are Weak and, Many Say, Off Base - Los Angeles Times : By Bill Sing, Times Staff Writer: The U.S. economy grew at a surprisingly weak 1.1% annual rate in the last three months of 2005, the Commerce Department said Friday, but many analysts said the economy was more robust than reported and would rebound in the current quarter. The fourth-quarter growth swoon was blamed largely<|fim_middle|> the previous period. Businesses also appeared to have pushed spending on vehicles into the summer, economist Zandi said. And the fall in defense spending didn't seem logical given the continuing Iraq war. Some outlays may have been pushed back or forward, he said. Government spending on hurricane recovery efforts "didn't show up at all" in the report, Zandi said, suggesting that data collectors had incomplete figures on government relief checks for victims of hurricanes Katrina and Rita. "When lots of [unusual] things are going on, it's easier to get it wrong." The government's next estimate of fourth-quarter growth is due Feb. 28, presumably when better data will be available.
On Friday, Bush administration officials highlighted positives in the latest report, including news that the economy grew 3.5% for all of last year. That surpassed the 3.3% average of the last 50 years, although it fell short of the 4.2% pace in 2004. "I would not read too much into today's numbers," Treasury Secretary John W. Snow said in a statement. "They are somewhat anomalous, reflecting some special factors. They are not consistent with other data on the U.S. economy which paint a picture of good growth." Analysts are predicting that growth in the current January-to-March quarter may equal or exceed 3.5%. Many companies, flush with cash from strong profits, have announced plans to increase spending on computers, machinery and other tools.
Recent reports on unemployment claims also suggest strengthening job growth, which could in turn boost wages. The next U.S. job report, for January, will be released Friday. Inflation, however, remains problematic. An inflation measure closely watched by Fed Chairman Alan Greenspan, for so-called core personal consumption expenditures, rose at an annual rate of 2.2% in the fourth quarter. That was up from 1.4% in the third quarter and close to the 2.5% level seen as the upper limit of the Fed's "comfort zone," said Nariman Behravesh, chief economist at Global Insight, a research firm in Waltham, Mass. "I'd be a little antsy if I were the Fed," Behravesh said. In its continuing effort to keep a lasso on inflation, the central bank is expected Tuesday to raise its benchmark short-term interest rate by another quarter percentage point, to 4.5%. That will mark the last official Fed policymaking meeting for outgoing Chairman Greenspan. Incoming Chairman Ben S. Bernanke is expected to raise rates again at his first policy meeting March 28. But the central bank might pause after that, some analysts say. | on sluggish auto sales, surprisingly slow growth in business spending, a surge in imports and a drop in spending by the federal government. Hurricane damage and high energy costs took their toll on consumers and businesses, analysts said.
Growth in the gross domestic product, the broadest measure of U.S. economic output, fell far below the 2.8% predicted by economists and the 4.1% pace of the third quarter. It was the slowest growth rate since the 0.2% posted in the fourth quarter of 2002, when the economy was struggling to recover from the 2001 recession. A closely watched measure of inflation also rose, nearing a level seen as worrisome to Federal Reserve policymakers. The report came at a time when polls show that many Americans are skeptical about the economy's strength. A nationwide Los Angeles Times/Bloomberg poll, released Thursday, said 59% of respondents disapproved of the way President Bush was handling the economy. The Bush administration and many experts, however, expressed doubt at the accuracy of the latest growth report, suggesting that it was at odds with other economic data. They predicted that the numbers would be revised upward.
"The fourth quarter was soft, but it wasn't this soft," said Mark Zandi, chief economist for Moody's Economy.com in West Chester, Pa. With recent reports suggesting strengthening job creation and business spending, "the economy is not growing at 1%. It feels more like 4%," Zandi said. Stock investors, who make their bets on future growth, also shrugged off the report, pushing the Dow Jones industrial average up nearly 100 points. Investors were encouraged by stronger growth in Europe and Japan, which could offset any slowdown in the U.S. Several factors contributed to the fourth-quarter slump.
Consumer spending, which accounts for more than two-thirds of the economy, rose only 1.1%. That was far slower than the 4.1% gain in the third quarter and the slowest since the second quarter of 2001, when the economy was mired in recession. Purchases of big-ticket "durable" goods, such as cars, plunged 17.5%, the biggest fall in nearly 20 years. Business investment grew at 2.8%, down from a 8.5% gain in the third quarter. Federal government spending fell 7%, hit by a 13.1% drop in defense outlays. Exports grew 2.4%, and imports jumped 9.1%.
But analysts said the numbers failed to tell the entire story. Auto sales plunged because carmakers' "employee discount" offers during the summer pulled sales from the fourth quarter into the third. Excluding big-ticket goods such as autos, consumer spending actually grew faster in the fourth quarter than in | 580 |
1) I give them lots of choices. If they don't like any of the fifty or more prompts I offer, they can write about their own idea.
2) I regularly assign slice-of-life essays about the ordinary moments of life that, while small, reveal our humanity and common experiences.
3) I simply give students time to think.
The fourth thing I do to help students find a good topic is this: I let them talk.
Nothing builds enthusiasm as much as inviting students to share their ideas, connections, and memories. Writing ideas bubble up around the room as others share their experiences. I carry a dry erase marker on me at all times so I can rush over to the whiteboard and jot down a random idea like "snowboard life lesson thing" for Gwen or "spaghetti disaster" for Casey.
Usually, after they've talked for a while (about 15-25 minutes<|fim_middle|>Yep, it's fun. Especially now that I've got six (yikes!) years under my belt.
You make me wish I had been a middle school English teacher and not retired!! | ), I'll notice students here and there pulling out pen and paper to start writing. I use that as my guide. I make a quick announcement that it's time to start writing. I invite them to grab a clipboard and find a spot on the floor around the room or at a table where they can be productive. Many choose to stay at their desks. If they sit with a buddy, they must still be productive.
Then I turn off the fluorescent lights and flip on the white Christmas lights hanging from the ceiling. It creates an inviting glow that signals it's time to settle in for writing.
Those kids who pulled out their paper first to write will usually be my star students. Because I know those kids can easily dive right into writing, I make sure to keep an eye on those who may need help getting started. I let everyone know it's okay if nothing gets written down that day, but the goal for the next is to have a semblance of an idea at the beginning of class. And then I let those strugglers stare at the wall some more. I pour out the patience.
One of the most introspective pieces ever composed in my classes was written by a student who stared at the wall for most of the class period. At first, I thought Joe was just biding his time, but when I checked with him, he told me he just couldn't think of anything. So I let him stare.
The next day, he rushed into class with a sheet of notebook paper covered on both sides with some wonderful personal thinking about being young, making choices, and about how it can actually feel bewildering to have so many options in life. A truly interesting piece with ideas I never expected this student to harbor. In fact, I still keep a copy in my "Why I Teach" binder. Rereading it reminds me that I should be patient when discussion doesn't ignite everyone's imagination right away. Some kids just need more time to think.
The next steps I take with my students will be discussed in an upcoming post. I'll be finishing that soon. Click the "like" button and share on social media if this has been helpful to you. Feel free to leave a comment and don't forget to follow me to catch that post! Thanks for reading!
You make me wish I had been an English teacher in middle school and not retired.
| 477 |
Wildlife photographer Craig Jones takes us through his incredible experience capturing the tiny pied flycatcher on camera in the Peak District as part of our #summerofbeauty blog series.
One project I've been working on recently is pied flycatchers in the Peak District National Park. These birds are so beautiful and visit our shores during the spring and summer months from their wintering home of West Africa and live manly in woodland habitat. Their numbers are quite low and they are on the "amber" list of species by the RSPB meaning they aren't rare but not common too.
Pied flycatchers are not easily seen as they tend to keep to the upper branches of trees. The males have a striking plumage consisting of a white underside and black back, black head mask and black primary wing feathers. There is a noticeable white patch on the upper wing and a less conspicuous one on the forehead at the base of the upper part of the bill. Females have a brown back and head mask, while the upper wings and tail are darker grey-brown. The underside is more buff in colour than the striking white of the male.
They are incredibly fast and nimble. photographing them in the dense woodland habitat they favour is difficult. I found two nestboxes that had young inside. So I set my hide up near to one that I favoured due to the light and lower natural branches the birds often land on. I was a good distance back and hidden away<|fim_middle|> project or any of my work. I don't use the many "pay-as-you go" set up sites throughout the UK, where food is placed out on walls, perches etc and hidden to make it look natural. I find my own sights and subjects which is really important as a professional wildlife photographer I believe.
This article was originally published here and is recreated with the permission of the Author.
Join in our own Summer of beauty photo competition today! | from the nestbox in order to present as little disturbance as possible to these birds.
The knock on effect with nature from our cold spell in early Spring has been quite significant I'm noticeing. With these birds and many others laying their eggs much later due to the cold weather and heavy snow we had in March and April. Lets hope this isn't the shape of things to come, placing nature under alot more stress than it already is!
This image above shows where this pair of Pied Flycatchers had set up home. The nestbox is well hidden in a really overgrown area of this wood. These birds are so fast, landing without warning, then moving off just as fast. Its almost impossible to work out where they will land, take off from in order to get any photographs. So I'm listening for their telltale hovering sound they make with their wings, its something they do alot in and around the nestbox.
Due to being in a hide my vision is often restricted so listening to their flight patterns is a great way of locating them much quicker I'm finding. Inside this wood is so quiet and after time you become so tuned in that you literally hear everything. Anything that breaks that stillness, no matter how small you instantly become aware off due to the sheer silence.
I used a long lens within my hide and also a second camera system with a wide angled lens placed not far from the nestbox. I covered it in camouflage and wrapped material around it to dull the noise to minimise any disturbance to the birds. I used a remote control release on the second camera body with the wide angled lens attached. It was very much hit and miss with the results, with more blurred images than sharp ones.
Using manual focus, I per-focus just in front of the nestbox, using my hand to replicate the subject. I used a high ISO and wide open aperture to give me a decent shutter speed. No flash was used in these images as I don't use any sort of flash within my wildlife photography because it blinds and disturbs wildlife. My aim with these wide angled images was to show the woodland habitat in which these birds are living and rearing their young.
These birds are stunning and one of my favorite summer migrants. Small in size, big in character with a beautiful call that rings out among this shaded, dense habitat they live in. During my many visits to this area the feeding had increased and I could hear the calls of the young inside the nestbox gradually becoming louder and louder as they grew.
Towards the end of the third week the noises from the nestbox when the adults approached with food were really loud. I knew the chicks inside were getting close to fledgling. So I spent day after day hoping to see this and be present. The hours paid off as on the very day they fledged I was there and it was wonderful too see and quite moving.
The adult birds were trying to coax all of the young out by providing them food on branches that surrounded the nestbox. Without warning two chicks flew out and upwards into the treetops. This left at least two inside as I could heard two different calls. Over the next couple of hours the adults flew at the box with food in their beaks, then flew away hoping the young would follow them and leave.
They didn't seem to want to leave though due to the warmth and safety of the nextbox. Then one came to the entrance of the nestbox, looked up and left, flying for a nearby branch. Not long after the last one came to the entrance but started to beg and was fed. After a couple of reassuring feeds the last chick left the home that had kept them safe for the last two weeks.
As all four were in the trees around me calling for food I went closer to look at their home, I looked inside to see where they had lived for the last few weeks. I removed the lid, took a few photos with my phone then put the lid back on and wished them all well on their onward journey to Africa.
Its been amazing to witness these Pied Flycatchers over the last few weeks rearing their young and seeing them fledge. Fingers crossed they all make it back safety to West Africa later in the year.
No bait, mealworms, false perches, bird callers or trickery was used in this | 877 |
<|fim_middle|> Craig Lewis
Watch: White on Bulls' heavy defeat | You are here: Home ∼ DHL announced as logistics partner for Lions series
DHL announced as logistics partner for Lions series
DHL Express, an international leader in the logistics industry, has been named as one of the official global partners for the 2021 British & Irish Lions series.
The agreement partners DHL with both the British & Irish Lions and the Springboks as the teams' official logistics partner for the forthcoming tour, providing logistical expertise and support during the Lions series which consists of eight matches across six cities.
Through this new partnership, DHL will play an integral role in backing the teams both on and off the pitch, providing delivery services between venues while their logo will appear on the backs of the Lions, Springboks and invitational teams' jerseys.
'DHL is a brand that is synonymous with delivering excellence, so today marks the partnership of two teams who strive to be the best,' said Jurie Roux, CEO of SA Rugby.
'DHL has consistently been a supporter of rugby here in South Africa, so we are delighted to have their expertise behind us as we bid to defend our turf against the Lions.'
DHL will also be supporting both teams' supporters and delivering them closer to their team through exclusive merchandise and match tickets. The deal will also have DHL delivering the ball on to the field for the start of every tour match through its 'Match Ball Delivery' mascots, alongside premium pitch, stadia and kit branding rights.
John Pearson, DHL Express CEO, said: 'Rugby represents many important values such as teamwork, passion, speed and respect, all of which are core qualities which resonate very strongly with our DHL brand values.
'I am delighted to be continuing our partnership with the British & Irish Lions tour next year and thrilled to be adding the Springboks as a partner, further building on our global ties with rugby.
'By partnering with both, we further highlight our commitment to rugby and to keeping the world connected. We look forward to engaging with the teams and fans of both the Lions and Springboks before and throughout the tour.'
Posted in Lions Tour, News, Top headlines
Post by | 438 |
The Nuclear Waste Management Organization (NWMO) submitted Moving towards partnership – Annual Report 2018 to the Honourable Amarjeet Sohi, Minister of Natural Resources.
The report highlights the NWMO's progress in implementing Canada's plan for used nuclear fuel.
"The NWMO<|fim_middle|> in 2019: the serial production of our proprietary used fuel container and an encasement trial for our bentonite clay buffer boxes into a mock emplacement room.
The NWMO Annual Report is made public simultaneously with its submission to the Minister of Natural Resources. It is available by request and online. | can look back on 2018 as a year where we moved from planning to action," said NWMO President and CEO Laurie Swami. "We finished drilling our first borehole in northern Ontario to allow our site characterization work to continue. We began preparing for site selection and the regulatory approval that will follow. And our engineers prepared for two major trials to begin | 74 |
Welcome avid reader. This is the first in a series of three posts on what the Church needs to know about the Old Testament. This series came about as an attempt to lead the Church away from the shallow semiotics that is often applied to the OT. By shallow semiotics I mean the judaization of the Christian faith through the adaptation of Old Testament customs and the creation of a "Christian superstition" through the erroneous interpretation of the OT's symbolism and numer<|fim_middle|> Testament is the beginning of God's story. Old, in this case, does not mean antiquated, irrelevant or no longer useful. Old simply means that it came first, that it predates the New. Since the Old Testament came first, it serves as a foundation for the New. It represents the first act in God's story with humanity that continues in the New Testament and through today.
The study of the Old Testament is then important in order to obtain a full picture of God's story with humanity. But more than that, it is important for the understanding of the New Testament itself. It is the Old Testament that shaped the entire theological and epistemological framework of the New Testament writers. The Apostles considered it to be the inspired Word of God (2Tim 3:14-17) and to be alive and active (Heb 4:12) in the world. They also gave primal importance to its study and teaching (Acts 6:4), and in turn encouraged the whole church to learn from it and to appropriate its message (Rom 15:4). The Old Testament therefore converges with the New in equal importance and meaning, with the aim of telling the complete account of God's relationship with God's people, a story to which the Church belongs today.
Jesus himself studied and taught from the Old Testament. He quoted it often when going through hardships (Matt 4:4), when teaching his disciples about the Christian life (Matt 5:18), and when defining his own mission in the world (Luke 4:16-21). The Early Church's use and receptiveness of the Old Testament as God's Word was not based on the modern idea of veracity and historicity that we have today. Rather, it was based on the fact that Jesus communicated it to his followers as a witness of himself (Luke 24:13-35). In a way, the Early Church's entire understanding of the Old Testament stemmed from a faith in Jesus Christ. Therefore, today's Church should welcome and believe in the Old Testament because it believes in the Jesus of whom it is a witness.
With this in mind, Jesus becomes the hermeneutical tool with which the Church interprets the Old Testament. The neotestamentarian writers present Jesus as the continuity and fulfillment of the Old Testament's imagery and motifs in many different ways. The Apostles believed that the Law and its instruction for daily life and worship was a shadow of the good things to come in Christ (Heb 10:1). In reinterpreting the Old Testament Christologically, they did not necessarily occupy themselves with interpreting its imagery historically. Rather, they pursued a course of interpreting it in light of their own Jewish tradition and the new found revelation of Christ.
Unlike today, the legitimacy of the interpretation and its message was not linked to the authenticity (or lack of) of the events that took place in the Old Testament. The neotestamentarian writers did not concern themselves with archeological findings or historical legitimacy. The history and tradition behind the Old Testament was simply assumed. Its historicity took a supporting role in favor of the communication of its Christological message and meaning.
However, this by no means implies that the Old Testament was not embedded in a proper historical and geographical context or that the early disciples did not care for it. To the contrary, the Old Testament was understood as a prelude of God's activity within the land and history of Israel out of which the historical and social movements of Jesus' time had come. It is the land and history of Israel that leads us to the second important thing the church needs to learn about the Old Testament in the second post of our series. | ology. Having said that, let's go to what matters most.
The first thing the church needs to learn about the Old Testament is that it is still relevant today. The Old Testament is often dismissed as a collection of laws from an angry God who is out to punish anyone who disobeys them. This misinformed perspective sees God's primary activity in the Old Testament as of judgment and wrath over humanity, and since God has revealed himself in grace in the New Testament, therefore God has changed and so the Old Testament no longer applies. This could not be further from the truth. God is the same in both Testaments. The Bible is narrative, and the Old | 135 |
"Attention Please!" Seminar arranged by Microeconomic Research Unit (MRU) .
Nick Fabrin Nielsen forsvarer sin ph.d.-afhandling: "Empirical essays at the intersection of economics, health, and education"
"Markups on Dropdowns: Lexicographically Ordered Search and Drug Prices"
Ph.d.-forsvar: Anne Ardila Brenøe:"Causes and Consequences of Gender Differences in Human Capital Formation"
Ph.d.-forsvar: Daniel Gerszon Mahler:"Measuring What Matters? Empirical Essays in Welfare Economics"
Ph.d.-forsvar: Peter Lihn Jørgensen:"Essays in Macroeconomics: Expectations, House Prices, and Inflation"
Ph.d.-forsvar: Gregers Nytoft Rasmussen:"Patience, Risk Aversion, and Economic Behavior: Combining Experimental Data with Administrative Register Data"
Ph.d.-forsvar: Peter Kjær Kruse-Andersen: "R&D-Based Economic Growth, Directed Technical Change, and Environmental Policy"
Workshop on "Tax evasion, tax avoidance and inequality"
Robert F. Owen, University of Nantes:"Rethinking the Foundations of International Economics and Finance"
Ph.d.-forsvar: Heidi Kaila:"Essays on Development Economics. Information Technology, Human Capital, and Conflict"
Ph.d.-forsvar: Amalie Sofie Jensen:"Essays on Saving Behavior, Homeownership, and Political Preferences"
Hans Keiding: "Effektivitet, homotopi og andet godt"
Ph.d.-forsvar: Casper Nordal Jørgensen: "Understanding the Consumption and Savings Decisions of Households"
Ph.d.-forsvar: Thor Pajhede Nielsen: "Tales From the Unit Interval: Backtesting, Forecasting and Modeling"
Nationaløkonomisk Forening præsenterer Mette Foged: "International migration og arbejdsmarkedet"
Ph.d.-forsvar: Ole Jann: "Multiple Equilibria in Markets and Games"
Ph.d.-forsvar:Louise Charlotte Willerslev-Olsen: "Essays in Economics, Forecasting, rationality and financial trouble"
Ph.d.-forsvar:Leonardo Esteban Salazar Vergara: "Essays on Labor and Exchange Markets in Chile"
Ph.d.-forsvar: Ulrik Richardt Beck: "Essays in Development Economics: Inequality Measurement and Household Factor Allocations"
Nathan Nunn, Harvard University: "The Evolution of Culture and Institutions: Evidence from the Kuba Kingdom"
"Conference on the causes and consequences of religion and culture"
Federico Ravenna, HEC Montréal: "Uncertainty, Wages, and the Business Cycle"
Claus Thustrup Kreiner, University of Copenhagen: "Minimum Wages and Youth Unemployment: Evidence from a Danish Discontinuity"
Ph.d.-forsvar: Edward John Dorell Webb:" Attention and perception in decision-making and interactions"
Ph.d.-forsvar: Thais Lærkholm Jensen: Credit Supply and The Real Economy"
Joel Slemrod, University of Michigan: "Does Credit-Card Information reporting improve small-Business Tax Compliance?"
Fernando Broner, CREI: "Rethinking the Effects of Financial Liberalization"
Katarina Juselius, emeritus forelæsning: "Searching for a theory that fits the data"
Janne Tukiainen, Government Institute for Economic Research: "Does Regression Discontinuity Design Work? Evidence from Random Election Outcomes"
Jesper Pedersen, Nationalbanken: "A Taylor rule for Fiscal Policy in a Fixed Exchange Rate Regime"
John Rust, Georgetown University: "Timber Cycles"
Dirk Niepelt, Study Center Gerzensee: "Austerity"
Albrecht Glitz, Pompeu Fabra: "Information Flow in Networks of Former Coworkers"
Professor Massimo Motta, Chief Economist, the Commission of Europe: "Exclusionary abuses"
Christoph Schottmüller, University of Copenhagen: "Health Provider Networks, Quality and Costs"
Tommy Sveen, Norwegian Business School: "Sectoral interdependence and business cycle synchronization in small open economies"
Michael Bergman, University of Copenhagen: "Phoenix Rising From the Ashes: New Evidence on National Fiscal Rules in the EU"
Jakob Egholt Søgaard, University of Copenhagen: "Labour Supply and Optimization Frictions: Evidence from the Danish student labour market"
Agustin Casas, Universidad Carlos III: "Who monitors the monitors? Effect of party observers on electoral outcomes"
Massimiliano Amarante, University of Montreal: What's Ambiguity?
Valerie Smeets, University of Aarhus: "Rethinking Deindustrialization"
Nadja Dwenger, Max Planck Institute for Tax Law and Public Finance: "Extrinsic vs Intrinsic Motivations for Tax Compliance. Evidence from a Field Experiment in Germany"
Fabrizio Germano, Universitat Pompeu Fabre: "Time Scarcity and the Market for News"
Steffen Altman, University of Oxford: "Limited Memory, Deadlines, and Incentives: Theory and Experimental Evidence"
Efrem Castelnuovo, University of Padova: "Uncertain Times, Hard Times: Volatility Shocks in Recessions and Expansions"
Ethan Ilzetski, London School of Economics: "TBA"
Tommaso Nannicini, Bocconi University: "How Do Voters Respond to Information? Evidence from a Randomized Campaign"
Simon Quinn, University of Oxford: "Committees and Status Quo Bias: Structural Evidence from a Randomized Field Experiment"
Juan Carluccio, Banque de France: "Trade, Wages, and Firm-Level Bargaining: Evidence from France"
Christian Heebøll-Christensen, KRAKA: "Regional Danish housing booms and the effects of financial deregulation and expansionary economic policy"
Morten Olsen, IESE Business School,i Barcelona: "The Rise of the Machines: Automation, Horizontal Innovation and Income Inequality"
Lucia Del Carpio, Princeton University: "Are the Neighbors Cheating? Evidence from a Social Norm Experiment on Property Taxes in Peru"
Hyojung Lee, Purdue University: "Industrial output fluctuations in developing countries: General equilibrium consequences of agricultural productivity shocks"
Laura Sunder-Plassmann, University of Minnesota: "Inflation, default, and the denomination of sovereign debt"
Alexandre N. Kohlhas, University of Cambridge: "Learning-by-Sharing: Monetary Policy and the Information Content of Aggregate Variables"
Philipp Tillmann, University of Chicago: "Entry into Electoral Races and the Quality of Representation"
Andreas Steinhauer, University of Zürich: "Identity, Working Moms, and Childlessness: Evidence from Switzerland"
Shlomo Yitzhaki, Hebrew University: "Gini's Mean Difference offers a response to Leamer's critique"
Jesper Rudiger, European University Institute: "Financial Experts, Asset Prices and Reputation"
Jaroslav Borovicka, New York University: " Survival and long-run dynamics with heterogenous beliefs under recursive preferences"
Katarina Borovickova, New York University: "What Drives Labor Market Flows"
Jan Stuhler, University College London: "Interpreting Trends in Intergenerational Mobility"
Iris Kesternich, University of Münich: "Us and Them: Distributional Preferences in Small and Large Groups"
Christian Søgaard, Warwick University: "The Effects of Entry in the Bilateral Oligopoly"
Søren Hove Ravn, Nationalbanken: "Changing Credit Limits, Changing Business Cycles"
Mie la Cour Sonne: "Essays in Two-sided Markets and Optimal Contracting"
Louise Charlotte Willerslev-Olsen, University of Copenhagen: "WORK IN PROGRESS"
Martin Gonzalez-Eiras, University of Copenhagen: "Credit Cycles with Renegotiation"
David Hendry: "Semi-automatic Non-linear Model Selection"
Niels Johannsen, University of Copenhagen: "Can Taxes Tame the Banks? Evidence from the European Bank Levies"
Nikolaj Harmon, Department of Economics: "Politician Peer Effects"
Martin Rossi, Universidad de San Andres: "First-Day Criminal Recidivism"
Thomas Epper, University of Zurich: "The Missing Link: Unifying Risk Taking and Time Discounting"
Roman Frydman, New York University, INET Center NYU: "The Contingent Expectations Hypothesis: Conditional Rationality in Macroeconomics and Finance Theory"
Jeanet Bentzen, University of Copenagen: "Origins of Religiousness: The Role of Natural Disasters"
Miles Kimball, University of Michigan and NBER: "Breaking Through the Zero Lower Bound"
Nina Torm: "Firms and Workers in Transition: A Series of Micro Studies on Vietnam "
Mehmet Ismail, Maastricht University : "The equivalence between two-player symmetric games and decision problems"
Nina Boberg-Fazlic, University of Copenhagen: "North and South: Social Mobility and Welfare Spending in Preindustrial England"
Johan Lagerlöf, University of Copenhagen: "Incentives to Acquire Genetic Information in a Monopoly Insurance Market"
Simon Halphen Boserup, University of Copenhagen: "Essays on Tax Evasion and Enforcement and Intergenerational Wealth Mobility"
Thomas Greve, University of Copenhagen: "Essays in Mechanism Design"
Jennifer Poole, UC Santa Cruz: "Trade and Labor Reallocation with Heterogeneous Enforcement of Labor Regulations"
Andreas Bjerre Nielsen, University of Copenhagen: "Assortative matching in social networks"
Martin Jacob, Otto Beisheim School of Management: "The effect of awareness and incentives on tax evasion"
Kfir Eliaz, Brown University: "Reference-Dependence and Labor Market Fluctuations"
Christian Traxler, University of Marburg: "Compliance Behavior in Networks: Evidence from a Field Experiment"
Benjamin Falkeborg, University of Copenhagen: "Essays in Financial Economics. On Trading, Risk and Incentives"
Marc Patrick Brag Klemp, University of Copenhagen: "Empirical Investigations in Unified Growth Theory"
Masako Ikefuji, University of Southern Denmark: "Economics meets statistics: Expected utility and catastrophic risk"
Florian Schuett, Tilburg University: "Ethical voters and the demand for political news"
Robert Z. Aliber, University of Chicago: "The Source of Monetary Turmoil"
Mario Amore, University of Bocconi: "Corporate governance and the environment: Evidence from green innovations"
Simon H Boserup, University of Copenhagen: "Intergenerational Wealth Mobility: Evidence from Danish Wealth Records of Three Generations"
Nick Netzer, University of Zurich: "An Externality-Robust Auction"
Gabriel Zucman: "Capital is Back: Wealth-Income Ratios in Rich Countries, 1870-2010"
Michele Valsecchi: "Land Property Rights and International Migration: Evidence from Mexico"
Peter Norman Sørensen, University of Copenhagen: "Strategic Research Bias"
Simon Anderson, University of Virginia: "Media market concentration, advertising levels, and ad prices"
Jori Veng Pinje, University of Copenhagen: "Dodging Taxes. Essays on Tax Evasion and the<|fim_middle|>-Petersen, University of Copenhagen: "Intertemporal Consumption and Credit Constraints: Does Total Expenditure Respond to an Exogenous Shock to Credit?".
Martin Uebele, Münster University: "World and National Wheat Market Integration in the 19th Century"
Alice Schoonbroodt, University of Southampton: "Complements versus substitutes and trends in fertility choice in dynastic models"
Miguel Costa-Gomes, University of Aberdeen: "Three-Hour versus Three-Week Long Experiments and Boundedly Rational Behaviour in Games".
Helene Bie Lilleør: "Uncertain Returns and Children´s Schooling in Tanzania".
Klas Rönnbäck, University of Gothenburg: "Atlantic sugar in the Baltic economy during the Early Modern period".
Antonio Cabrales: "Social Interactions and Spillovers: Incentives, Segregation and Topology".
Dietrich Vollrath, University of Houston: "Wealth Distribution and the Provision of Public Goods: Evidence from the United States"
Stephen Broadberry, University of Warwick: "Commercialisation, factor prices and technological progress in the transition to modern economic growth: History and Theory".
Niels Johannesen, University of Copenhagen: "Optimal fiscal barriers to international economic integration in the presence of tax havens".
Simon Gächter, University of Nottingham: "Kinked Conformism in voluntary cooperation".
Philipp Schröder, University of Aarhus: "Globalization beyond partitioning".
Mojgan Stegl, Tubingen University: "'Tall and Shrinking Muslims, Short and Growing Europeans: The Long-Run Welfare Development of the Middle East, 1850-1980".
Matthew O. Jackson, Stanford University: "An Economic Model of Friendship Formation: Homophily, Minorities and Segregation".
Michael Bergman: "Currency Crises and Monetary Policy in an Economy with Credit Constraints: The No Interest Parity Case".
Tiltrædelsesforelæsning: Anders Rahbek "Econometric Time Series Analysis of Nonlinear Equilibrium Correction Models"
Ingmar Schumacher, Catholic University of Louvain: "The Role of Uncertainty and Insurance in Endogenous Climate Change".
Robert Kaufmann & Katarina Juselius: "Climate Change".
Jacob Weisdorf, University of Copenhagen: "Ranking Economic History Journals: A Citation-Based Impact-Factor Analysis"
Sinne Smed: Empirical studies on Health, Information and Consumer Behaviour".
Zvi Hercowitz,Tel-Aviv University. "Welfare Implications of the Transition to High Household Debt".
Andrew Clark, PSE Paris: "Looking for labour market rents with subjective data".
Niels Framroze Møller, University of Copenhagen: "Malthus in Co-Integration Space"
Lars Ljungqvist, Stockholm School of Economics:"The Missing Swedish Skill Premium: Sweden versus the United States 1970-2002"
Oded Galor, Brown University: "Diversity and Comparative Development"
Julia Nafziger, Université Libre de Bruxelles: "Multi-sender cheap talk when the policy space is restricted - the power of (extended) Battaglini mechanisms."
Marco Battaglini, Princeton University: "Fiscal Policy over the Real Business Cycle: A Positive Theory"
Denise Konan, University of Hawaii at Manoa: "The Economics of Climate Change".
Ronald Wendner, University of Graz: "Finite Horizon, Externalities, and Growth".
Momi Dahan, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem: "Social Identity and Voter Turnout".
Giorgio Calzolari (Università di Firenze): "Indirect estimation of large conditionally heteroskedastic factor models, with an application to the Dow 30 stocks"
Amedeo Spadaro, Paris School of Economics & Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca: "Optimal taxation, social contract and the four worlds of welfare capitalism"
Torsten Persson, Institute for International Economic Studies, Stockholm: "Uncertainty, Climate Change and the Global Economy" | International Labor Mobility of Football Players"
Jonathan S. Feinstein, Yale School of Management: "Creating Fields: Learning, Creativity Generation, Paths of Development"
James Henry, The Tax Justice Network: "The Trouble with Tax Havens"
Paul Bingley, SFI: "Alike in Many Ways: Intergenerational and Sibling Correlations of Brothers' Earnings"
Remi Piatek, University of Chicago: "Bayesian Dedicated Factor Analysis: A Framework for Understanding the Social and Economic Determinants of Adult Health and Wages"
Perry Mehrling, INET / Colombia University: "Financial Globalization and Instability"
Nikolaj Harmon, Princeton University: "Are Workers Better Matched in Large Labor Markets?"
Marit Hinnosaar, Northwestern University: "Time Inconsistency and Alcohol Sales Restrictions"
Tim Schmidt-Eisenlohr, University of Oxford: "Towards a Theory of Trade Finance"
Baptiste Massenot, University of Lausanne: "Safety Traps"
Nicholas Vikander, School of Economics, University of Edinburgh: "Advertising to Status-Conscious Consumers"
Alexander Sebald, University of Copenhagen: "Measuring nonlinear and heterogeneous guilt aversion"
Johannes Lindvall, Lunds Universitet: "The Origins of primary Education Regimes"
Ernst Fehr, University of Zürich: Use and Abuse of Authority. "A Behavioral Foundation of the Employment Relation"
Michael Bang Petersen, Aarhus University: "The Ancestral Logic of Politics: Biological Evolution and Political Decisions"
Ferdinand von Siemens: Allocation of Authority and Project Implementation: Do Procedural Concerns Matter?
Katarina Juselius, University of Copenhagen: "Balance sheet recessions and time-varying coefficients in a Phillips curve relationship: An application to Finnish data"
Mie Sonne La Cour, University of Copenhagen: "Personality and conflict in principal-agent relations based on subjective performance evaluations"
Christian Gormsen, Paris School of Economics: "Diasporas and Foreign Direct Investments"
Miriam Gensowski, University of Chicago: "Personality, IQ, and Lifetime Earnings"
Christoph Schottmüller, University of Copenhagen: "Procurement with specialized firms"
Martin Ellison, University of Oxford: Optimal policy behind a "Veil of Ignorance"
Johan Lagerlöf, University of Copenhagen: "Discrimination in a Strategic World"
Karin Olofsdotter, University of Lund: "Markups and export-pricing strategies"
Anders Bruun Jonassen, SFI: "The Ins and Outs of Disincentive Effects of Social Assistance: An RD Approach with Panel Data"
Alexander Koch, University of Aarhus: "Goals and Mental Accounting"
Katariina Nilsson-Hakkala fra Government Institute for Economic Research: "Multinationals, Competition and Productivity Spillovers through Worker Mobility"
David Gill, University of Oxford: "Cognitive ability and learning to play equilibrium: A level-k analysis"
Paul Schweinzer, University of York: "Efficient Emissions Reduction in Redistributive Agreements"
Kevin Hoover, Duke University : "Was Harrod Right?"
Johannes Jansen, Univesität Köln: "Share to Scare: Technology in the Absence of Intellectual Property Rights"
Johannes Münster University of Cologne: "Subjective Evaluation versus Public Information"
Jeanet Bentzen, University of Copenhagen: "Irrigation and Autocracy"
Robert Hetzel, Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond: "ECB Monetary Policy in the Great Recession: A Critical Monetarist Overview"
Lukas Inderbitzin, University of St. Gallen: "Extended Unemployment Benefits and Early Retirement: Program Complementarity and Program Substitution"
Tænketanken Kraka og forskningsnetværket EPRN indbyder alle interesserede til et fælles seminar om samfundsøkonomisk projektvurdering.
Ferdinand Rauch, London School of Economics: "The Division of Labor in U.S. Cities 1880-2000"
James Robinson, Harvard University: "Can't We All Be More Like Scandinavians?"
Teodora Borota, Uppsala: "Welfare Effects of IPR Policy in a North-South Trade Model"
Katarina Juselius, University of Copenhagen: "The Economic Crisis: The Crisis of Economics?"
Martin Gonzalez-Eiras, Universidad Adolfo Ibañez, Argentina: "Economic and Politico-Economic Equivalence of Fiscal Policies"
Peer Skov, Rockwoolfondens Forskningsenhed og Københavns Universitet: "Intertemporal Income Shifting and the Danish 2010 Tax Reform"
Arianna Agosto, University of Bologna: "Exploiting default probabilities in a structural model with nonconstant barrier"
Martin Ljunge, University of Copenhagen: "Banfield or Wilson? Evidence on Family Ties and Civic Virtues"
Thomas Lux, University of Kiel: "The Topology of the Interbank Market: Money Center Banks, Core-Periphery Network Structures, and Contagion Risks"
Charles Bellemare, Université Laval: "Measuring Ratchet Effects within a Firm: Evidence from a Field Experiment varying Contractual Commitment"
Shiko Maruyama, University of New South Wales: "Externality and Strategic Interaction in the Location Choice of Siblings under Altruism toward Parents"
Philipp Wichardt, University of Bonn: "Minimum Participation Rules for the Provision of Public Goods"
Michael Lovenheim, Cornell University: "Incentive Strength and Teacher Productivity: Evidence from a Group-Based Teacher Incentive Pay System"
Mette Ejrnæs, University of Copenhagen: "Is Business Failure Due to Lack of Effort? Empirical Evidence from a Large Administrative Sample"
Andrea Ichino, Bologna University: "When the baby cries at night. Uninformed and hurried buyers in non-competitive markets"
Håkan Selin, Uppsala University: "Bunching and Non-Bunching at Kink Points of the Swedish Tax schedule"
Trine Tornøe Platz: "Essays in Cooperative Game Theory"
Joseph Abdou, University of Paris: "Stability Index for political mechasisms"
Thomas Jensen, University of Copenhagen: "National Responses to Transnational Terrorism: Intelligence and Counter-Terrorism Provision"
Marc Patrick Brag Klemp, University of Copenhagen: "The Child Quantity-Quality Trade-Off during the Industrial Revolution in England"
Paul Kramp, Nationalbanken: "Differences across countries in household wealth, debt and savings"
Martin Ljunge, University of Copenhagen: "Trust Issues: Evidence from Second Generation Immigrants"
Arnab Nayak Auburn University: "Home Market Effect and its Extensive and Intensive Margins: The Role of Factor Endowments"
Adrien Henri Vigier, University of Oslo: "Rating Agencies: A Tale of Self-Defeating Optimism"
Asger Moll Wingender, University of Copenhagen: "Skill Complementarity and the Dual Economy"
Andrea Tesei, Universitat Pompeu Fabra: "Racial Fragmentation, Income Inequality and Social Capital Formation: New Evidence from the US"
Christoph Schottmüller, University of Tilburg: "Adverse selection without single crossing"
cation and Estimation of Nonparametric Panel Data Regressions with Measurement Error"
Plamen Nenov, Massachusetts Institute of Technology: "Labor Market and Regional Reallocation Effects of Housing Busts"
Lisandra Flach, University of Mannheim: "Quality Upgrading and Price Heterogeneity: Evidence from Brazilian Exporters"
Monique Newiak, University of Washington and LMU Munich: "Imitation and Innovation Driven Development under Imperfect Intellectual Property Rights"
Herbert Hamers CentER and Department of Econometrics and Operations Research, Tilburg University: "Game theoretic centrality analysis of terrorist networks"
Alejandro Riano, University of Nottingham: "Maquiladoras and informality: a mixed blessing"
Mogens Høgh Jensen, NBI, University of Copenhagen: "Econophysics approaches: Asymmetry in stock markets"
Sanne Hiller fra Århus Universitet: "Immigration and the Product Margins of International Trade"
Christopher Ksoll, Center for the Study of African Economies (CSAE), Department of Economics and Nuffield College, University of Oxford: "Can Mobile Phones Improve Learning? Evidence from a Field Experiment in Niger"
Niels Johannesen, University of Copenhagen: "The End of Banking Secrecy? An Evaluation of the OECD Transparency Initiative"
Nicolai Kaarsen: "Essays in Economic Growth"
Peter Birch Sørensen, University of Copenhagen: "Measuring the deadweight loss from taxation in a small open economy"
Sergei Kovbasyuk, Einaudi Institute for Economics and Finance, Rome: "Optimal Certification Design"
Fredrik Sjöholm fra Lunds Universitet: "Globalization and imperfect labor market sorting"
Nicolai Kaarsen, University of Copenhagen: "Cross-Country Differences in the Quality of Human Capital"
Rasmus Jørgensen: "Essays in International Trade"
Mette Foged, University of Copenhagen: "Wage Effects of International Return Migration"
Signe Krogstrup, Swiss National Bank: "Liquidity Effects at the Zero Lower Bound"
Juanna Joenson, Stockholm School of Economics: "Timing and Incentives: Impacts of Student Aid on Academic Achievement"
Kim Abildgren, Nationalbanken: EPRU Policy Seminar: "Realøkonomiske konsekvenser af finanskriser"
Kelly Ragan, Stockholm School of Economics: "How Powerful Was the Pill? Quantifying a Contraceptive Technology Shock"
Johannes Abeler, Oxford University: "Preferences for truth-telling"
David Frankel , Iowa State University: Securitization, Signalling, and Interbank Competition"
Gabriel Zucman, Paris School of Economics: "The Missing Wealth of Nations: are Europe and the U.S. Net Debtors or Net Creditors?"
Rune Midjord, University of the Basque Country: "Can increased competition for jobs explain interview lying?"
Kevin Hoover, Duke University: "Observing shocks"
Zwi Hercowitz, Tel-Aviv University: "The Financial Labor Supply Accelerator"
Richard Upward, University of Nottingham: "Quantity Restrictions and Price Adjustment of Chinese Textile Exports to the US"
Martin Dufwenberg, University of Arizona and University of Gothenburg: "Participation"
Clifford Winston, Brookings Institution: "Duopoly Equilibrium over Time"
Christian Heebøll-Christensen, Københavns Universitet: "Financial Instability, Credit Cycles and Monetary Policy"
Joachim Wehner, LSE: "Electoral Budget Cycles in the EMU: An Empirical Challenge to Context Conditionality"
Robert Klemmensen, Syddansk Universitet: "Attitudes toward Immigration: The Role of Personal Predispositions"
Niels Johannesen, University of Copenhagen: "Strategic Line Drawing between Debt and Equity"
Michael Bergman, University of Copenhagen: "Budget Consolidations in the Aftermath of a Financial Crisis:Lessons from the Swedish Budget Consolidation 1994–1997"
Michael Stimmelmayr, University of Münich: "Taxation of MNEs in the Presence of Internal Capital Markets"
Chiara Binelli, Nuffield College and Oxford University: "The Market Returns to Private High Schools: Evidence from Mexico"
Hans Keiding, University of Copenhagen: "Shapley values for simple games and effectivity functions"
Fabrizio Zilibotti, University of Zurich: "Chinese Pension Reform in the Face of Demographic Transition and Financial Imperfections"
Juan D. Moreno-Ternero, Universidad de Malaga, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, and CORE, Universite catholique de Louvain: "A common ground for resource and welfare egalitarianism"
Leigh Shaw-Taylor, University of Cambridge: "The Occupational Structure of England c.1650-1871: Work in progress"
Tommy Andersson, Lund Universitet: "Budget-Balance, Fairness and Minimal Manipulability"
Maria Knoth Humlum, Aarhus Universitet: "Timing of College Enrollment and Family Formation Decisions"
Alan L. Olmstead, University of California: "Slave Productivity in Cotton Production by Gender, Age, Season, and Scale"
James M. Snyder, Jr., Harvard University: "Patronage and Elections in U.S. States"
Harry Paarsch, University of Melbourne: "The Effects of Competition on Post-Transplant Outcomes in Cadaveric Liver Transplantation under the MELD Scoring System"
Ludger Woessmann, University of Munich: "Knocking on Heaven's Door? Protestantism and Suicide"
Jesper Bagger, Royal Holloway, University of London: "Wage and Productivity Dispersion-the Roles of Labor Quality, Capital Intensity and Rent Sharing".
Herve Cres, Sciences Po: "Aggregation of Multiple Prior Opinions"
Albert L. Chun, Copenhagen Business School: "Forecasting Interest Rates and Inflation: Blue Chip Clairvoyants or Econometrics?"
Boryana Madzharova, Charles University, CERGE-EI: "The effect of low corporate tax rate on payroll tax evasion"
Michael Svarer, Århus Universitet: "Business Cycle Dependent Unemployment Insurance"
Marie Gaarden Gaardmark, University of Copenhagen: "Profit-Maximizing Pirates"
Danqing Hu, Danmarks Tekniske Universitet: "Information Lags Induce Cycles in Congestion Games"
Simon H. Boserup og Jori V. Pinje, University of Copenhagen: "Tax Evasion and Optimal Auditing in the Presence of Third-Party Information"
Jonathan Eaton, Penn State University: "Trade and the Global Recession"
Thomas Jensen, Department of Economics: "Exit Polls and Voter Turnout"
Paul Sharp, University of Copenhagen: "The role of technology and institutions for growth: Danish creameries in the late nineteenth century"
Christopher Dent, University of Leeds: "Free Trade Agreements in the Asia-Pacific"
Norov Tumennasan, University of Aarhus: "Representative Democracy and Implementation"
Chryssi Giannitsarou, University of Cambridge: "Social Structure & Human Capital Dynamics"
Holger Strulik, University of Hannover: "Knowledge and Growth in the Very Long-Run"
Niels Johannesen, University of Copenhagen: "Taxing the Financially Integrated Multinational Firm"
Kelly Ragan, Stockholm School of Economics: "The Role of Culture in Contraception Demand"
Nina Boberg-Fazlic, University of Copenhagen: "Survival of the Richest? Testing the Clark Hypothesis using English Pre-industrial Data from Family Reconstitution Records"
Jaime Reis, University of Lisbon: "Corporate law vs. company charter: shareholder protection and corporate governance in late 19th century Portugal"
Peter Egger, ETH Zürich: "The Trade Effects of Endogenous Preferential Trade Agreements"
Kevin Hoover, Duke University: "Microfoundational Programs"
Pietro Peretto, Duke University: "Technology, Population and Resources: A Schumpeterian Theory of Take-off and Convergence to Sustained Growth"
Enrico Spolaore, Tufts University, Boston: "War and Relatedness"
Tinna Laufey Ásgeirsdóttir, University of Iceland: "Obesity and Employment: The Case of Iceland"
Mark Hallerberg, Hertie School of Governance: "Crisis and Fiscal Reforms in Latin America"
Yongseok Shin, University of Washington in St. Louis: "Finance and Development: A Tale of Two Sectors"
Michael Kosfeld, Göethe Universität: "TBA"
Martin Gonzalez-Eiras, Universidad de San Andrés : "An Optimal Voting Rule for the IMF"
Alec Morton, London School of Economics and Political Science: "Patrolling a graph: a game theoretic analysis"
Jane Humphries, University of Oxford: "Childhood and Child Labour in the British Industrial Revolution"
Yves Balasko, University of York: "The natural projection approach to smooth production economies"
John Karl Scholz, University of Wisconsin - Madison: "Health and Wealth in a Lifecycle Model"
Ujjayant Chakravorty, University of Alberta: "Think Globally, Act Locally? Regulating a Fossil Fuel that Causes Flow and Stock Pollution"
Peter Sudhölter, University of Southern Denmark: "Characterizations of solutions for cooperative games"
Jose Mauricio Prado,University of Cambridge and King's College: "Warfare, Fiscal Capacity, and Performance: An Empirical Investigation"
Peter Skott, University of Massachusetts: "Minsky's financial instability hypothesis"
Nicholas Crafts, University of Warwick: "Making Sense of the Manufacturing Belt: Determinants of Industrial Location in the United States, 1880-1920"
Salvatore Nistico, Università di Roma: "International Portfolio Allocation under Model Uncertainty"
Jonathan Halket, University College London: "Home Ownership, Savings and Mobility Over The Life Cycle"
Pelle Ahlerup, University of Gothenburg: "On the roots of ethnic diversity"
Joel Slemrod, University of Michigan: "Car Notches"
Jacob Weisdorf, University of Copenhagen: "What doesn't kill you, makes you stronger? Evidence from the English famine of 1727-29"
Christian Bjørnskov, Aarhus University: "Does Religiosity Promote or Discourage Social Trust? Evidence from Cross-Country and Cross-State Comparisons"
Larry Neal, University of Illinois and LSE: "'Reflections from the Mirror of Folly: The Adventures of Lord Londonderry in the Stock Markets of Paris, Amsterdam, and London in the bubbles of 1719-1721"
Frans van der Winden, Amsterdam School of Economics: "On the Role of Empathy and Sympathy in Sharing"
Daniel Nguyen, University of Copenhagen: "The Desire for Quality across Products and Destinations"
Zvi Hercowitz, Tel-Aviv University, Israel: "Liquidity Constraints of the Middle Class"
Karl Gunnar Persson, University of Copenhagen: "The Scottish War of Succession in which Young Prince Gregory Attempts to Dethrone King Angus"
Christian Ghiglino, University of Essex: "Strategic Information Transmission in Networks"
Andrew J. Oswald, University of Warwick: "Objective Confirmation of Subjective Measures of Human Well-Being: Evidence from the U.S.A."
Christin Kyrme Tuxen: "Macroeconomic transmission mechanisms in a non-stationary world"
Pablo Selaya: "Empirical Studies on Growth and Comparative Development"
Peter Ejler Storgaard, Nationalbanken: "Wage Development in Denmark"
Uwe Sunde, University of St. Gallen: "Life Expectancy and Economic Growth: The Role of the Demographic Transition"
Peter Feldhütter, Copenhagen Business School: "The Same Bond at Different Prices: Identifying Search Frictions and Selling Pressures"
Jean-Marc Bonnisseau, Centre d'Economie de la Sorbonne Université: "The Survival Assumption in Intertemporal Economy"
Jan Rose Skaksen, Copenhagen Business School: "Do Foreign Experts Increase the Productivity of Domestic Firms"
Markus Lampe & Paul Sharp, University of Copenhagen: "Heterogeneity or homogeneity in the tariff-growth experience? Why history and institutions matter"
Georg Kirchsteiger, ECARES / Université Libre de Bruxelles: "Other-Regarding Preferences in General Equilibrium"
Mariya Teteryatnikova, University of Vienna: "Resilience of the Interbank Network to Shocks and Optimal Bail-Out Strategy: Advantages of "Tiered" Banking Systems"
Frederic Warzynski, Aarhus School of Business: "Learning by Exporting, Importing or Both? Structural estimation of productivity with multi-product firms and the role of international trade"
Martin Ljunge, University of Copenhagen: "Sick of the Welfare State? Lagged Stigma and Demand for Social Insurance"
Fane Groes: "Essays on Occupation Mobility with Evidence from Full Population Data"
Nizar Allouch, Queen Mary, University of London: "A Competitive Equilibrium for a Warm Glow Economy"
Michael Bergman, University of Copenhagen: "Business Cycle Synchronization in Europe: Lessons from the Scandinavian Currency Union"
Peter Ove Christensen, Aarhus University: "Equilibrium in Securities Markets with Heterogeneous Investors and Unspanned Income Risk"
Lars Kunze, University of Dortmund: "Capital taxation and the long-run growth, and bequests"
Arno Riedl, Maastricht University: "Enforcement of Contribution Norms in Public Good Games with Heterogeneous Populations"
Kostas Koufopoulos, Warwick Business School: "Optimality with adverse selection"
Karine van der Beek, Ben-Gurion University: "Patterns of Investment in Human Capital on the Even of the British Industrial Revolution"
Lars Calmfors, University of Stockholm: "Pattern Bargaining and Wage Leadership in a Small Open Economy"
Paolo Giordani, LUISS "Guido Carli" University, Rome: "Prejudice and Immigration"
Frederik Roose Øvlisen, Department of Economics, University of Copenhagen: "Essays in Bounded Rationality and Strategic Interaction"
Mogens Fosgerau, DTU transport: "Random queues and risk averse users"
Hans-Werner Sinn, University of Munich/CESifo: "Table or Tank: Why Biofuels are a Blind Alley"
Joannes Jacobsen, Department of Economics, University of Copenhagen: "Longevity and Electoral Rules as Determinants of Comparative Development"
Takeshi Amemiya, Stanford University: "Thirty Five Years of Journal of Econometrics"
Paul Sharp, Department of Economics, University of Copenhagen: "Wheat, Globalization and Economic History"
Hilary Hoynes, University of California, Davis: "Consumption Reponses to In-Kind Transfers: Evidence from the Introduction of the Food Stamp Program"
Gregory Clark, University of California, Davis: "Was there ever a ruling class? England 1200-2009"
Thomas Markussen, Department of Economics, University of Copenhagen: "Institutions in Development: Five Essays on Politics, Property Rights and Prosperity"
Daniel L. Thornton, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis: "The Unusual Behavior of the Federal Funds and 10-Year Treasury Rates: A Conundrum or Goodhart's Law?"
Eva Rytter Sunesen: "Understanding the Distribution of Foreign Direct Investment in Developing Countries"
Jesper Pedersen: "Essays on Macro-Finance and Monetary Policy"
Tommaso Monacelli, Universita' Bocconi: "Fiscal Policy, Wealth Effects, and Markups"
Davide Sala, ASB, University of Aarhus: "Market Access through Bound Tariffs"
Mattias Polborn, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign: "A Political Economy model of Taxation and Government Expenditures with Differentiated Candidates"
Bård Harstad, Kellogg School of management, Northwestern University: "The Dynamics of Climate Agreements"
David Cuberes, Clemson University: "Sequential City Growth: Theory and Evidence"
Mike Burkart, Stockholm School of Economics: "Signaling in Tender Offer Games"
Peter Katuscak, Charles University, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic: "Effects of Predictable Tax Liability Variation on Household Labor Income"
Paul Sharp, University of Copenhagen: "The strange birth of Liberal Denmark: Danish trade protection and the growth of the dairy industry in the mid-19th century"
Christin Kyrme Tuxen, Department of Economics, University of Copenhagen: "Debt dynamics and fiscal policy in the euro area"
Andres Carvajal, University of Warwick:" No-Arbitrage, State Prices and Trade in Thin Financial Markets"
Eyal Winter, Hebrew University: "Mental Equilibrium and Rational Emotions"
Mark Gradstein, Ben-Gurion University, Israel: "Education and Democratic Preferences"
Daniel Waldenström, Research Institute of Industrial Economics: "The long-run determinants of inequality: What can we learn from top income data?"
Hans-Joachim Voth, Universitat Pompeu Fabra: "How the West invented fertility restriction"
Hans-Joachim Voth, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona: "Financial Crises, Bubbles and Crashes".
Søren Leth-Petersen, University of Copenhagen: "Consumption and Savings of First Time House Owners:How Do They Deal with Adverse Income Shocks?"
Pranab Bardhan, University of California, Berkeley: "Decentralisation and development"
Andrew Rose, University of California, Berkeley: "The Olympic Effect"
Douglas Reid, Hull University: "Work, weekdays and weddings: labour supply in the industrial revolution"
Marko Koethenbuerger, University of Copenhagen: "Does Tax Competition Really Promote Growth?"
Etienne Lehmann, CREST: "Optimal income taxation with endogenous participation and search unemployment"
Ruben Durante, Brown University: "Preferences for Redistribution and Perception of Merit: An Experimental Study"
Ruben Durante, Brown University: In Climate We Trust: "Weather Variability, Risk Sharing, and the Historical Emergence of Generalized Trust"
Niels Lynggaard, Danmarks Nationalbank & Michael Bergman, University og Copenhagen: "Pass-Through of Excise Taxes on Beverage Prices".
Bruno De Borger, University of Antwerpen: "Cost-Benefit Analysis of Transport Investments in Distorted Economies"
Niels Johannesen, University of Copenhagen: "Tax Evasion and Foreign Bank Deposits – Evidence from a Natural Experiment".
Claus Thustrup Kreiner, University of Copenhagen: "An Experimental Evaluation of Tax Evasion and Tax Enforcement in Denmark"
Kerstin Enflo, University of Lund and Copenhagen: "Regional growth and convergence: What can historical data show"
PhD SEMINAR: Paul Sharp & Jacob Weisdorf, University of Copenhagen: "Malta and the Nineteenth Century Grain Trade: British free trade in a microcosm of Empire?"
David Dreyer Lassen, University of Copenhagen: "The effect of political consolidation on local democracy: Evidence from large-scale municipal reforms"
Bertil Tungodden, NHH Bergen: "Explaining reciprocal behaviour without reciprocal preferences"
Markus Lampe, University of Münster and Copenhagen: "Determinants and effects of mid-nineteenth century bilateralism and why Denmark didn't participate"
Joannes Jacobsen, University of Copenhagen: "Disease and Development Revisited: A Reevaluation of the Effect of Life Expectancy on Economic Growth".
Jacob Weisdorf, University of Copenhagen: "Consumerism and Desired Fertility".
Frank Hansen, University of Copenhagen: "Decreasing relative risk premium and risk vulnerability".
Andrei Zlate, Boston College: "Offshore Production and Business Cycle Dynamics with Heterogeneous Firms"
Emiliano Santoro, University of Copenhagen: "Bank Lending, Durable Goods and Spreads"
Jesper Berg, Danmarks Nationalbank: ""The Perfect Storm: The Story of the Meltdown of Financial Markets".
Leticia Arroyo Abad, University of California:"Inequality in Republican Latin America: Assessing the Effects of Factor Endowment and Trade".
Ernesto Reuben, Northwestern University: "Procrastination and Impatience".
Kaj Thomsson, Yale University: "Public and Private Welfare State Institutions- A Formal Theory of American Exceptionalism".
Matthias Parey, University College London: "Vocational Schooling versus Apprenticeship Training: Evidence from Vacancy Data".
Tobias Markeprand:"Incomplete Financial Markets:Volatility and Transaction Costs".
Martin Kaae Jensen, University of Birmingham: "Aggregate Comparative Statics".
Peter Olsen, Økonomi- og Erhvervsministeriet: "Vækst, klima og konkurrenceevne".
Maria Petrova, New Economi School, Moscow: "Newspapers and Parties: How Advertising Revenues Created an Independent Press".
Kristian Miltersen, Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration: "Real Options with Uncertain Maturity and Competition".
Omer Moav, Hebrew University and Royal Holloway University of London: "Conspicuous Consumption, Human Capital, and Poverty".
Raphael Markellos, Athens University of Economics and Business: "Human Resources Turnover as an Asset Acquisition, Accumulation and Divesture Process".
Atef Qureshi, Arbejdsdirektoratet: "The Effect of Punitive Sanctions on the Transition rate from Welfare to Work -An empirical analysis of the Danish labour market".
Nikolaus Hautsch, School of Business and Economics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin: "Price Adjustment to News with Uncertain Precision".
Daniel Le Maire: "Essays on Labor Market Search and the Distribution of Incomes".
NielsArne Dam, Nationalbanken: "Estimating the Cross-sectional Distribution of Price Stickiness from Aggregate Data".
Stephen Broadberry, University of Warwick: "Commercialisation, Factor Prices and Technological Progress in the Transition to Modern Growth".
Laura Mørch Andersen: Information Provision to Consumers as an Instrument of Environmental Regulation".
Søren Leth | 6,213 |
Do the snacks in your break room have the potential to cause fire damage?
Fire damage can happen to a commercial property or business for many reasons. Natural disasters such as lightning are rare or more common causes like electrical wiring overloads and failures, arson and employees and residents misusing appliances such as microwave ovens.
The foundation for a successful restoration begins with commercial fire damage cleanup. In San Antonio, SERVPRO was called to assist a dry cleaner establishment that had a fire in a small backroom area. An employee made popcorn set the timer on too long and left the area. Although extinguished quickly, the fire left residue throughout the back area of the facility and a strong odor. The owner thought this would harm his business because potential customers were going to encounter the smell that from the first moment they walked through the door.
When our technicians arrived at the site, they immediately had the owner turn off the HVAC and contained the breakroom area to stop any further issues with soot and odors spreading. We moved the clothes the dry cleaner had on site to a locked, separate glass area, so they were not in danger of any contamination from soot or odor. Our technicians began hand vacuuming the fire extinguisher residue and removed the charred microwave that was contributing heavily to the smell in the room.
Once removing the visible loose debris, SERVPRO techs wiped down the surfaces with our professional-strength cleaners to eradicate any fire damage residues remaining, and this lowers odors. To ensure that we left no odor-causing particulates in the area, our technicians set up an air scrubber which pulls air in the room through a series of HEPA-filters and can capture tiny particles smaller than the human eye can see that are still capable of causing odors.
After completing the cleanup efforts, the owner was walked through the area to ensure our work met his approval.
SERVPRO of Braun Station knows commercial fire cleanup is crucial to getting your business back on track. Call us at (210) 267-2159 when you need fast, professional restoration for your fire loss.
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Storms can affect the area without warning and cause flood damage in your home. Your best recourse is to contact SERVPRO.
Intense flooding is common in the San Antonio region, encouraged by the collision of moist, warm air from the Gulf with cooler air from the north. The air masses mix and often heavy rain results. The city's location south of the Hill Country adds the concentration of the rain runoff from higher elevations to the situation. If your home finds itself in the path of one of the region's flash floods you soon discover why we are a local flood remediation leader.
Since we live, work, and established our business in the area, we are extremely familiar with flood damage in San Antonio. More importantly, we commit to responding to flood calls fast and with a full complement of highly-qualified technicians and state of the art equipment. Our dedication and commitment to restoration best practices are why we deliver successful results even when the flooding is severe.
Flood damages can have long-term results when not mitigated swiftly. The structural integrity of your home can be compromised if the waters flowed in with great force. Water allowed to remain standing for longer than 24 to 48 hours exposes your home to the risk of mold damage. Years of experience and advanced training in flood damage restoration explains why SERVPRO is Faster to any size disaster, especially when it involves flood devastation.
Investment in skilled crewmembers and the most efficient equipment is why SERVPRO flood restoration projects resolve quickly and successfully. High-efficiency water extractors and pumps move the water out, and then air movers, heaters, and dehumidifiers take center stage for structural drying. IICRC-trained technicians operate the equipment flawlessly, adjusting as needed to achieve the results desired.
Pack-outs of flooding scenes contribute to excellent outcomes. Water and debris removal and drying are easier in homes cleared of contents. The skill of our production facility technicians is why SERVPRO can surprise and delight customers who feared precious heirlooms, mementos, pictures, and documents were ruined. Document freeze-drying, specialized soft-article cleaning strategies, controlled thermal drying of furnishings, and immersion cleaning tanks are just a sampling of the strategies we use to return your life to normal after flooding.
SERVPRO of Braun Station awaits your call and pledges its best effort when flooding devastates your home. Call us at (210) 267-2159 day or night year round.
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Is Professional Flood Damage Remediation Necessary in San Antonio?
DIY efforts often come up short and can cause secondary damage.
Flooding in the San Antonio area has been frequent in the past. Climate change might make the problem more prevalent and intense in the future. Because we anticipate severe flooding does not mean recovery is straightforward or a do-it-yourself proposition. If your home is in the path of flash flooding, be sure you seek the assessment of the scenario by our dependable remediation team. Managing the cleanup on your own can worsen the outcome.
When your home suffers from flood damage in San Antonio, it is highly likely that the water and debris that intrudes into your home are contaminated. Chemicals, road waste, insects, dead animals, sewage, and more can be in the mix. Quantities of silt and mud make it complicated. Removing the debris and sludge along with the water needs careful handling and often containment of the fluid for appropriate hazardous waste disposal. Our trained and well-equipped crews prepare for these challenges.
Speed is essential when cleaning up flood damage, an overwhelming proposition when you are trying to deal with it on your own. SERVPRO crews arrive with a seasoned manager to assess and devise an agenda to mitigate the situation and the workers to carry out the plan designed. Each signature green truck carrying our team to your address has pumps and extractors to remove the water, as well as tools to remove mud and silt.
Our crews take care to avoid exposing your lower levels to collapse when we extract the water. IICRC training and job experience guide us if many feet of water invade your home. We extract the water in a controlled manner to prevent the pressure from the saturated ground outside your home from damaging the foundation. SERVPRO scans for hidden water and measures moisture levels in structural components to ensure that we remove all flooding.
Once the standing water evacuates, we reach for the drying equipment also in our service trucks. A balance of air temperature and movement accelerates evaporation of water absorbed into building materials. Once vaporized our desiccant and evaporative dehumidifiers collect and contain the water for disposal away from your home. To ensure drying is effective behind walls or other barriers we frequently make flood cuts.
SERVPRO of Braun Station exists to help the communities we manage catastrophes like flood damage. Make a call to (210) 267-2159 to schedule an evaluation as soon as the water rises inside your home.
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Regardless of whether water damage starts from a storm or a pipe break, the experienced technicians at SERVPRO can effectively remediate any damage.
Water loss incidents that affect your San Antonio home present unique threats that<|fim_middle|> throughout the year. When trees get pushed over or split due to excessive winds, lightning, or other damages, these significant additions to your property can find their way to the windows you have installed and break them out. As alarming as this situation might be, the flooding that can result from this exposed portion of your home can become even more threatening.
There are many homes throughout the area and its smaller surrounding communities, so storm and flood damage in San Antonio after a severe storm can affect many properties simultaneously. While there are many steps to recovering your home after substantial damages like this, you need a team of professionals that can arrive fast with the expertise to handle all phases of the job through its completion. Our SERVPRO team offers comprehensive support in flood damage situations to handle mitigation, assessments, reconstruction, and final restoration work that returns your damaged home to preloss condition.
Our professionals can arrive quickly with the equipment to begin extraction while our licensed contractors board up the areas broken out from the wind or falling trees. We can remove the tree or its limbs from against your home as well to further protect it from continued water damages. Once mitigation completes, our contacting division can step in immediately to repair and reconstruct damaged areas of your property.
The faster that our SERVPRO team can get notified of the situation the better able we are to protect your home against threats from flood effects. In the right circumstances, many of the saturated materials and affected areas can get fully restored without the need for further demolition and reconstruction.
It is essential to secure professional restoration services immediately when disasters like this strike, as you are rarely the only home in the area affected by the severe weather. Our SERVPRO of Braun Station rapid response team can work to make flooding in your home "Like it never even happened." Give us a call at (210) 267-2159.
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What is a Pack Out and How Does It Help with Flood Damage Restoration in San Antonio?
Use SERVPRO's pack-out option to remove furniture from flooded areas of your home. This allows your home to dry faster.
Flooding in your San Antonio home can be a brutal experience. Central Texas from Dallas to San Antonio has the unfortunate nickname of "Flash Flood Alley." Heavy rains can change the landscape from parched and afflicted by drought to many feet deep in dangerous moving water in a short time. If your home is in the path of a flash flood both the structure and the contents of your dwelling can be at risk.
One of the ways residents improve their odds for successful recovery from flood damage in San Antonio is to take advantage of our pack-out option. Removing furnishings and household and personal possessions immediately have dual benefits. The articles chosen for pack-out can receive specialized attention while the structure and fixtures can be dried out more efficiently emptied of these items.
SERVPRO uses a well-designed and detailed protocol to inventory and track items our technicians remove from the flooded areas of your home. Our Contents Claim Inventory Service (CCIS) utilizes digital documentation paired with lists and a barcode system to keep track of the possessions we transport to our production facility.
Evaluation of the flood damage done to pack-out inventory permits SERVPRO to keep you and your insurance company apprised of articles we can save, including the methods used, and which we determine are unsalvageable. Our production technicians use innovative cleaning and drying techniques to rescue items you might consider ruined. We have freeze drying for paper and thermal chambers for electronics.
Removing a significant amount of furniture and stored items from the flooded levels of your home makes it much less stressful to remove water and design structural drying configurations. Heavy furniture and a wide range of stored items otherwise would need to be continuously moved as the water removal and drying occurs. SERVPRO technicians can reposition equipment more efficiently, and the soaked items out of the space cannot contribute to higher humidity levels in the work area.
SERVPRO of Braun Station is ready to help residents struggling with the challenges of overland flash-flooding. Call for an assessment and discuss a pack-out plan at (210) 267-2159.
Water can ruin carpeting and requires fast extraction and drying.
Whenever water loss incidents occur within your San Antonio home, many areas and items become immediately at risk. Carpeting is a magnet for dust, debris, and dirt already, and when exposed to pooling water, can also quickly become saturated to the subflooring material. Even with conventional drying methods, homeowners often cannot keep up with the exposure and saturation becomes too deep to dry out without professional assistance. Our team can help.
For water removal needs in your San Antonio home, time is of the essence to get the process started as promptly as possible. The longer that exposure occurs with areas of your home, the more damage that can result. Our SERVPRO team can respond quickly to an emergency like this with extraction equipment and drying tools that can preserve and protect affected materials that did not become too badly saturated or distorted by the water.
With restoring carpeted areas of your home, we have a few options to protect and preserve these materials from requiring replacement. The first of these involves the use of our ROVER equipment. This remote-controlled weighted system rolls over carpeted areas, and with its heavyweight, pushes moisture and water to the surface for collection by the high-powered vacuum on the machine. This equipment can affect the carpeting and into the subflooring, helping to reduce saturation levels noticeably.
Floating carpets is another tactic that our SERVPRO team can use to recover damp carpeting in your home. We pull up the edges of the carpets from the walls and allow our air movers to blow underneath it. This machine forces heated air into both the subflooring and the carpets when positioned between them, which can help to dry out exposed areas quickly.
While there might be many areas of your home that get affected by a water loss incident, you should rely on the team that can help you restore your property entirely. Give our SERVPRO of Braun Station rapid response team a call anytime that you need us at (210) 267-2159.
Why SERVPRO for your Commercial Properties?
Whether you serve customers on a daily basis or work from a private office, protecting your facility from water damage is essential for smooth daily operations. The following preventative measures can prepare your building for spring showers to come. Here is what you should know about preventing flooding at your facility.
If your facility has a basement, don't forget to periodically inspect it for foundation cracks or other issues. Make sure to have any cracks patched and caulked so the room isn't flooded after the next heavy rainstorm. You can also install a sump pump to remove excess water as well.
Property elevation plays a big role in your risk for water damage. You can avoid potential flooding by altering your landscaping to ensure that water flows downhill and away from the building's foundation. Use downspouts to direct water away from the building as well. You should also schedule a property assessment to identify flood-prone areas and then work with a landscaper to fix these issues.
It never hurts to look at the weather forecast. When you know rain is on the way, double check that all gutters, drains, and downspouts are clear of leaves and other debris. This way, you won't have to worry about clogs causing water to back up and leak into the building.
If your facility has been affected by water damage, contact SERVPRO of Braun Station in San Antonio, TX. Serving Bexar County and the surrounding areas, they provide a variety of cleanup and restoration services, including for damage from fire, water, and mold. Locally owned and operated, their IICRC certified team seeks to treat each customer as a friend of the family to give you the best quality service. To learn more about how they can help your property, visit them online or call (210) 267-2159.
Water loss events are damaging to hardwood floors and need immediate remediation.
One of the biggest mistakes a San Antonio homeowner can make is to fail to arrange for professional removal and drying services when water invades. Water might seem unlikely to cause significant problems if it is clean and allowed to drain away, but it can infiltrate deeply and destroy building materials. A bucket and mop or a wet or dry vacuum is an inadequate substitute for the work of trained water mitigation technicians. Your home is worth too much to risk, why engaging our services is necessary.
The destructive effects on both structural components and contents are profound when unabated. Water removal in your San Antonio home must be done rapidly, assisted by the tools and training only a professional restoration company can supply.
Less than complete removal of the excess moisture from the water event invites continuing deterioration of drywall, ceiling tiles, flooring materials and more which is why SERVPRO technicians continually train in a wide range of strategies to extract as much water as possible. Pumps and wanded extractors suction the majority of water. We then take the remediation process one step further and use effective structural drying techniques to reduce increased moisture levels in porous materials.
Special handling gives the best results with materials like hardwood floors. Preserving beautiful and functional fixtures is why SERVPRO uses advanced equipment including drying mats to extract water more deeply. Taping down the mats creates a seal, and hoses attached to the mats connect to powerful suction. The mats are moved across the surface, extracting the remaining moisture from all layers of the flooring. Similar action pulls the moisture from other porous materials and gives access to cavities behind walls without significant flood cuts.
Throughout a water mitigation project, SERVPRO technicians measure and monitor moisture levels in the structural components of your home. These measurements assist us in establishing drying goals. Air movers, heaters, and dehumidifiers create conditions that move water into the air as vapor to be captured by evaporative or desiccant dehumidifiers for disposal. Eventually, the moisture returns to normal levels, and final restorations minimize the risk of mold growth or further deterioration.
Water removal is a job for the professionals, why SERVPRO of Braun Station is your reliable helper after a water loss. We are a call away at (210) 267-2159, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.
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Mold spreads quickly when the conditions are right. Contact SERVPRO to investigate the cause and remediate the damage in your home.
Many of the natural disasters that can affect Leon Valley homes have clear and concise damage points that make it evident where restoration was necessary. Not all of the threats to your home have such clear causes and simple recovery solutions, however. Mold growth requires a damp environment for spores to seat and thrive, but how this area becomes moisture-ridden can often be multiple possibilities. Our professionals can help you to get ahead of a potentially damaging situation by offering thorough inspections and lasting solutions to help reduce the risk of recurring mold growth.
While many homeowners are unfamiliar with mold damage in Leon Valley and the effects it can have on their home, they still work to remove this organism as quickly as possible. The faster that you can get rid of mold colonization in your home, the better the chances of protecting affected surfaces and reducing the damage throughout your property as the colony spreads and affects new materials and contents. Our SERVPRO team has the resources and experience to identify mold growth and help to determine the source of the water damage that allowed it to occur.
As with many homes in southern Texas homes, houses get constructed on concrete slabs for both stability and as an efficient foundation that allows for construction to begin shortly after the foundation gets poured. As a result, access to utilities like the bulk of the plumbing for the first floor gets concealed under the flooring of the main level of the house, which can provide a source of perpetual moisture if a joint in the plumbing has a steady leak. This leak is only one of several possible scenarios that could occur and allow conditions for mold growth.
Our SERVPRO professionals assess the situation with thermal imagery cameras and leak detection equipment when we begin remediation work to remove active colonies. Determining and deterring the source of this moisture can prevent recurrences once our remediation work completes.
If you have discovered mold growth in your home, let our SERVPRO of Braun Station remediation specialists help you get rid of the organism and offer lasting solutions to prevent further mold colonization in the future. You can reach us 24/7 by calling (210) 267-2159.
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4/3/2019 - Is Professional Flood Damage Remediation Necessary in San Antonio?
3/16/2019 - What is a Pack Out and How Does It Help with Flood Damage Restoration in San Antonio?
3/7/2019 - Why SERVPRO for your Commercial Properties? | homeowners often cannot manage or overcome on their own. From addressing spreading saturation to reducing the conditions necessary to facilitate mold growth, a rapid response to these emergencies is critical. Much like the response that you need to address the primary threats when the disaster first occurs, premier cleaning services like our team provides can help to address lingering effects after mitigation work completes.
All emergencies that create water damage in your San Antonio home require a fast response from trained IICRC-certified professionals like our SERVPRO team. As a large loss recovery team, we have a broad inventory of recovery equipment to provide fast extraction and efficient drying solutions for water damage incidents occurring in your area home. Our response team is available 24/7 to roll out at a moment's notice for emergencies that threaten your property.
Cleanup and recovery often occur after these vital mitigation steps, and even follows reconstruction when necessary. Many of the preserved structural elements and flooring materials do require focused cleanup and restoration efforts to make these disasters "Like it never even happened." With materials like carpeting, our team can utilize our advanced equipment for pre-rinse cleaning, hot water extraction, or steam cleaning to revitalize the look and feel of soiled carpets.
Likewise, reconstruction and restoration efforts can often leave debris, dust, and residues on surfaces that require focused cleaning to return to preloss condition. Our experienced SERVPRO professionals can work to scrub all exposed surfaces, clean hard flooring materials, deodorize contents and affected areas of your home, and address any other lingering concerns before the final walk-through with our customer to showcase the result of our efforts.
While mitigation work often is a focal point of restoring water damage in your home, we have many phases critical to returning your property to preloss condition. Our SERVPRO of Braun Station team offers comprehensive support from the initial inspection through the final walk-through, helping to save you money and time on restoring your damaged home. Give us a call anytime you need us at (210) 267-2159.
Heavy storms and high winds have the potential to cause limbs from trees to fall and damage your home.
For as inviting as the natural light can be to your San Antonio home, grand window layouts can also present potential threats when your home encounters one of the many severe storm systems expected | 465 |
Joint Statement from HHS Public Health and Medical Experts on COVID-19 Booster Shots – FDA.gov
Today, public health and medical experts from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) released the following statement on the Administration's plan for COVID-19 booster shots for the American people.
The statement is attributable to Dr. Rochelle Walensky, Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); Dr. Janet Woodcock, Acting Commissioner, Food and Drug Administration (FDA); Dr. Vivek Murthy, U.S. Surgeon General; Dr. Francis Collins, Director of the National Institutes of Health (NIH); Dr. Anthony Fauci, Chief Medical Advisor to President Joe Biden and Director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID); Dr. Rachel Levine, Assistant Secretary for Health; Dr<|fim_middle|> FDA, an agency within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, protects the public health by assuring the safety, effectiveness, and security of human and veterinary drugs, vaccines and other biological products for human use, and medical devices. The agency also is responsible for the safety and security of our nation's food supply, cosmetics, dietary supplements, products that give off electronic radiation, and for regulating tobacco products.
Consumer:
888-INFO-FDA
Health Topic(s)
Shelby County Health Dept. to issue new countywide mask mandate today, director says – KFVS
NYC Launches Comprehensive Mental Health Resources Website – nychealthandhospitals.org
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7X Thrusting Dildo with Remote Control $95.21 $73.24 | . David Kessler, Chief Science Officer for the COVID-19 Response; and Dr. Marcella Nunez-Smith, Chair of the COVID-19 Health Equity Task Force:
"The COVID-19 vaccines authorized in the United States continue to be remarkably effective in reducing risk of severe disease, hospitalization, and death, even against the widely circulating Delta variant. Recognizing that many vaccines are associated with a reduction in protection over time, and acknowledging that additional vaccine doses could be needed to provide long lasting protection, we have been analyzing the scientific data closely from the United States and around the world to understand how long this protection will last and how we might maximize this protection. The available data make very clear that protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection begins to decrease over time following the initial doses of vaccination, and in association with the dominance of the Delta variant, we are starting to see evidence of reduced protection against mild and moderate disease. Based on our latest assessment, the current protection against severe disease, hospitalization, and death could diminish in the months ahead, especially among those who are at higher risk or were vaccinated during the earlier phases of the vaccination rollout. For that reason, we conclude that a booster shot will be needed to maximize vaccine-induced protection and prolong its durability.
"We have developed a plan to begin offering these booster shots this fall subject to FDA conducting an independent evaluation and determination of the safety and effectiveness of a third dose of the Pfizer and Moderna mRNA vaccines and CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) issuing booster dose recommendations based on a thorough review of the evidence. We are prepared to offer booster shots for all Americans beginning the week of September 20 and starting 8 months after an individual's second dose. At that time, the individuals who were fully vaccinated earliest in the vaccination rollout, including many health care providers, nursing home residents, and other seniors, will likely be eligible for a booster. We would also begin efforts to deliver booster shots directly to residents of long-term care facilities at that time, given the distribution of vaccines to this population early in the vaccine rollout and the continued increased risk that COVID-19 poses to them.
"We also anticipate booster shots will likely be needed for people who received the Johnson & Johnson (J&J) vaccine. Administration of the J&J vaccine did not begin in the U.S. until March 2021, and we expect more data on J&J in the next few weeks. With those data in hand, we will keep the public informed with a timely plan for J&J booster shots as well.
"Our top priority remains staying ahead of the virus and protecting the American people from COVID-19 with safe, effective, and long-lasting vaccines especially in the context of a constantly changing virus and epidemiologic landscape. We will continue to follow the science on a daily basis, and we are prepared to modify this plan should new data emerge that requires it.
"We also want to emphasize the ongoing urgency of vaccinating the unvaccinated in the U.S. and around the world. Nearly all the cases of severe disease, hospitalization, and death continue to occur among those not yet vaccinated at all. We will continue to ramp up efforts to increase vaccinations here at home and to ensure people have accurate information about vaccines from trusted sources. We will also continue to expand our efforts to increase the supply of vaccines for other countries, building further on the more than 600 million doses we have already committed to donate globally."
The | 713 |
Hauraki Long Term Plan
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Hauraki District Council | Our Council
The Hauraki District Council elected members include the Mayor and 12 Councillors - four elected from the Paeroa Ward, four from the Plains Ward and four from the Waihi Ward.
Find out more about the Mayor & Councillors
The Management Team consists of the Chief Executive and the heads of departments of the Hauraki District Council. Contact details are available.
Find out more about the Management Team
View the dates for upcoming Council & Committee meetings. Also view
Minutes and Agendas for Council, Ward, Drainage and Committee meetings of the Hauraki District Council.
View the schedule of Council & Committee meetings
Triennial Local Government Elections are held every three years, giving Residents and Ratepayers the opportunity to vote for whoever they think will best represent their community as the Hauraki District Mayor and Councillors in their Ward.
Find out more about elections
Agendas and minutes for Committees, Council, Drainage & Ward meetings of the Hauraki District Council. View Minutes & Agendas
The District Plan is the primary document for the management of the effects of land use and development within the Hauraki District. View the District Plan
The Annual Plan outlines the Council's work programme and budget for the financial year. Annual Plans are produced for the intervening two years between Long Term Plans. View the Annual Plan
Our Long Term Plan | To Matou Mahere Roa
Our Long Term Plan | To Matou Mahere Roa is councils key strategic planning document that sets out the priorities over the next ten years, how much it will cost and how it all will be funded. View Our Long Term Plan | To Matou Mahere Roa
The Hauraki District Council's Annual Report for the financial year ended 30 June, outlines the Council's financial performance for the past year<|fim_middle|> District that in general protect the public from nuisance; protect, promote and maintain public health and safety; and minimize the potential for offensive behaviour in public places. View Bylaws
2013 Triennial Satisfaction Survey Results
Regional Perception Survey
Water & Sanitary Services Assessment
Engineering Manual
View employment information and the list of vacancies as they become available.
Hauraki District Council's Mission
It is Council's mission to:
actively provide leadership to and advocate for the community
provide good quality infrastructure, services and regulatory functions
foster open-minded and two-way communication with the community
ensure the sustainable use and management of resources
...for the benefit of all who live in, work in and visit the Hauraki District. | . View the Annual Report
Policies cover a wide range of activities relating to the operation of the Hauraki District Council. View Policies, Plans & Strategies
Bylaws intend to provide laws applicable only to Hauraki | 45 |
JACKSONVILLE, Fla. - Sept. 21, 2018 - PRLog -- North Florida Land Trust has acquired two conservation easements in Clay County marking the nonprofit organization's largest conservation easement acquisitions to date. The two properties totaling<|fim_middle|> in Baker, Bradford, Clay, Duval, Flagler, Nassau, Putnam, St. Johns, Union and Volusia counties. NFLT was founded in 1999 and has protected thousands of acres of environmentally significant land including property at Big Talbot Island, the River Branch Preserve, Pumpkin Hill, Moccasin Slough, along the St. Mary's River and other valued natural areas predominantly in Northeast Florida. NFLT is funded largely by private and corporate contributions and works closely with private landowners and other public agencies at all levels of government, not-for-profit partners, and foundations. For more information, visit www.northfloridalandtrust.org. | approximately 2,551 acres will now be protected from high intensity development and will serve as a buffer for the Camp Blanding Joint Training Center. NFLT works closely with Camp Blanding to identify lands that are both prime for conservation and important to protect the military base from the threat of encroaching development. Funding for the purchases was provided by the Army Compatible Use Buffer (ACUB) program.
"These conservation easement acquisitions mean we have been able to keep thousands of acres free from high intensity development in perpetuity," said Jim McCarthy, president of NFLT. "These are the largest conservation easement acquisitions North Florida Land Trust has been able to accomplish at one time in all of our 19-year history. This is about national security, economic development, community relations and conservation all working together for the greater good."
"This is a great story of sustaining military mission capabilities through conservation and preservation partnerships, thereby sustaining Camp Blanding's mission readiness," said SJRWMD Governing Board member Gen. Douglas Burnett, former Florida National Guard adjutant general. "These acquisitions are important to the National Guard of Florida, which is recognized for its commitment to environmental protection."
North Florida Land Trust is a nonprofit organization who serves as a champion of environmental protection primarily | 253 |
From pharmaceuticals and OTC brands to multi-location hospital systems and everything in between, one of our core specializations is integrated media strategy, planning and buying for the healthcare sector. We understand compliance and industry regulations—and what it takes to reach your specific demographic.
Media Planners often oversimplify<|fim_middle|> the buying process.
Want to see if we're a fit?
Take our questionnaire to find out.
OCD Media ensures that consumer products and healthcare brands make media buying decisions with precision. | a target definition. Why? Because that approach makes it easier to navigate syndicated data, which can be readily used to negotiate media—and then they take the shortest route to compile reach and frequency.
But, simple demographics don't tell the full story. Even seemingly mundane categories have unique drivers of purchase behavior that can translate into better targeting, which can translate into a more strategic approach to media planning and provide leverage in | 82 |
Home The Project Overview
CANCER-ID: Cancer treatment and monitoring through identification of circulating tumor cells and tumor related nucleic acids in blood
The CANCER-ID Group at the Kick-Off Meeting in Amsterdam, February 2015
CANCER-ID is a public-private partnership supported by Europe's Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI)
University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, University of Twente, Bayer HealthCare and Menarini coordinate the international consortium
Blood-based biomarkers such as circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating free tumor DNA (cfDNA) and microRNAs (miRNAs) are potential indicators for the tumor burden of patients living with cancer. Derivation of these markers from blood may offer an additional invaluable tool for modern cancer therapy: apart from being of high importance when biopsies of the tumor are not accessible, blood-based tests may allow a close follow-up of disease markers offering a means to monitor the efficacy of treatment and potentially improve the choice of treatment options.
CANCER-ID is a newly formed European consortium funded by the Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI) with currently 36 partners from 13 countries aiming at the establishment of standard protocols for and clinical validation of blood-based biomarkers. It brings together experts from academic and clinical research, innovative Small-to-Medium sized Enterprises (SMEs), diagnostics companies and the pharmaceutical industry thus providing a unique setting for establishing clinical utility of "liquid biopsies". The contributions to the project of currently 8.2 million EUR by the industrial partners are complemented by funding from the IMI Joint Undertaking resulting in a total budget of EUR 16.7 million.
The academic leads of the CANCER-ID consortium are Prof. Klaus Pantel, Head of the Department of Tumor Biology at the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany, and Prof. Leon Terstappen, Head of the Department of Medical Cell Biophysics at the University of Twente, The Netherlands. Both are leaders in the field and have an impressive track record in both basic research and applied science including device development. The EFPIA lead companies of the CANCER-ID consortium are Bayer HealthCare and Silicon Biosystems, A Menarini Group Company.
"Blood-based analysis of tumor derived cells and nucleic acids offer a novel concept of liquid biopsies which allows to receive real-time information relevant to cancer diagnosis and therapy. The CANCER-ID project fills the substantial gap between basic research focused on novel<|fim_middle|>ini Silicon Biosystems
Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics
Terumo BCT | methods for the detection and characterization of circulating tumor cells and nucleic acids and the development of robust validated assays required to bring the liquid biopsy concept into the clinic", says Prof. Klaus Pantel from the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf.
"The time has come to join forces and determine the best path forward to guide therapy of cancer patients. It is great that we are now in a position to extend and expand our work from our EU FP7 program CTCTrap and determine utility of the technologies developed in this project for patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. The collaboration between small and large enterprises with a stake in this field, academic leaders and clinical investigators certainly sets the stage to truly make headway in this field", says Prof. Leon Terstappen from the University of Twente.
"CANCER-ID is an excellent example of a project in which a public-private partnerships enables a collaborative research approach to come up with novel concepts in modern cancer therapy", says Dr. Thomas Schlange from Global Biomarker Research at Bayer HealthCare Global Drug Discovery. "The consortium brings together a large experienced team of biomarker experts from all over Europe that extends far beyond the scope of traditional 'one-on-one' industry-academia collaborations."
"We are excited to contribute to CANCER-ID", says Giuseppe Giorgini, Chief Executive Officer at Silicon Biosystems, A Menarini Group Company. "We strongly believe the project will lead to a tremendous step forward in validating mature technologies and pave the way for their adoption in precision medicine for better patient treatment."
About the Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI)
The Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI) is working to improve health by speeding up the development of, and patient access to, innovative medicines, particularly in areas where there is an unmet medical or social need. It does this by facilitating collaboration between the key players involved in healthcare research, including universities, the pharmaceutical and other industries, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), patient organizations and medicines regulators.
IMI is a partnership between the European Union and the European pharmaceutical industry, represented by the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations (EFPIA). Through the IMI 2 programme, IMI has a budget of €3.3 billion for the period 2014-2024. Half of this comes from the EU's research and innovation programme, Horizon 2020. The other half comes from large companies, mostly from the pharmaceutical sector; these do not receive any EU funding, but contribute to the projects 'in kind', for example by donating their researchers' time or providing access to research facilities or resources.
More info: www.imi.europa.eu
The project is diveded into five work packages, reflecting the work plan and research focus of CANCER-ID.
The CANCER-ID Consortium consists of 36 partners:
Industry and SMEs
Bayer Pharma AG
Menar | 596 |
Benefit: Acai Berries, indigenous to Brazil, are one of the planet?s most remarkable and nutritious fruits. They naturally possess phytonutrients like polyphenols, including ellagic acid, rutin, anthocyanins, and catechins. These free radical quenchers help to protect tissues from oxidative stress, a key element of normal aging. The nutrients and free radical scavengers in Acai also help support a healthy immune response and a proper defense against<|fim_middle|> other ingredients containing these allergens.
Precaution: For adults only. Consult physician if pregnant/nursing, taking medication, or have a medical condition. Keep out of reach of children.
Other Ingredients: De-Ionized Water, Vegetable Glycerin, Citric Acid, Natural Acai Flavor and Potassium Sorbate (as preservative). | typical biological stress.* NOW uses only solvent-free, freeze-dried Acai Berries to better preserve the integrity of thenutrients present in fresh Acai.
Special Note: Not manufactured with yeast, wheat, gluten, soy, milk, egg, fish or shellfish ingredients. Produced in a GMP facility that processes | 64 |
HomeTennis NewsAustralian OpenMarin Cilic v McKenzie McDonald Live Streaming, Preview & Timings for the Australian Open
Marin Cilic v McKenzie McDonald Live Streaming, Preview & Timings for the Australian Open
Tuesday, 15 January 2019, 5:13 am Samir Talwar
Marin Cilic will be up against McKenzie McDonald in his second round match at the 20<|fim_middle|> 3 after the 2018 Australian Open performance. In recent years, Cilic has got his season off to a good start with strong showings at the Maharashtra Open ( erstwhile Chennai Open), and the Australian Open, like he did last year.
Cilic's 2019 season was not off to the best of starts, with him having to pull out of the Maharashtra Open with a knee injury. The Croat's only preparations Down Under, were at the Kooying classic exhibition tournament, where he beat Fernando Verdasco and Kevin Anderson.
Cilic's opening round opponent was Australian Bernard Tomic, who could have caused possible challenges. But, Cilic came out of that relatively smoothly winning in three straight sets.
As Cilic moves through the draw at the Australian Open, his confidence and form will continue to improve. His powerful serve and forehand were both on display against Tomic, and he did not allow the Aussie much of a look on his serve.
The Croat has performed well at the Grand Slams in recent years, and if he can make through the early rounds, he is definitely a contender to go deep into week 2.
Rising American McDonald Looks to Spring an Upset
After a successful 2016 on the college circuit, rising American McKenzie McDonald has shown promise in his couple of years on the professional ATP circuit. 2018 was a breakthrough year for him of sorts at the majors.
McDonald pushed then world number 3 Grigor Dimitrov to five sets at the Australian Open and made it to the round of 16 at Wimbledon.
A strong striker of the ball and one who moves as well as any on the tour, McDonald is a fierce competitor. The American was coached by South African Wayne Ferreira when in college, and continues to maintain a close relationship with the crafty South African.
McDonald's Australian Open was off a strong start, where he defeated rising Russian star Andrey Rublev in 4 sets, with a spirited performance.
The victory against the Russian will serve as a confidence booster going into his second round match against Cilic.
Cilic v McDonald – Who Will Win?
The pair have never met on the ATP circuit and their first encounter promises to be a good match. Cilic has the experience and the additional advantage of having done well in Melbourne last year.
While Cilic's game and record at Melbourne make him the favorite, McDonald grows in confidence with every passing tournament. Cilic looked in control against Tomic, but it is still unclear if his knee is match-fit. Cilic will rely heavily on his strong serve to keep the American at bay.
However, if McDonald is able to trouble the Croat on serve, he definitely has the groundstrokes and court coverage to cause problems for Cilic. We expect it to have some close moments, but Cilic to win in four sets.
You can watch & bet on Cilic v McDonald live with bet365 here* on Wednesday, January 16.
About Samir Talwar 853 Articles
Samir is a New York based Wall Street credit analyst, who is always ready to get into analytical discussions on the men's tennis circuit. He loves his tennis & cricket.
Petra Kvitova v Irina-Camelia Begu Live Streaming, Preview & Timings for the Australian Open
Serena Williams v Eugenie Bouchard Live Streaming, Preview & Timings for the Australian Open 2nd Round | 19 Australian Open. You can read the preview, timings, head to head options and how to watch the Marin Cilic v McKenzie McDonald live streaming options below.
Watch & bet on Marin Cilic v McKenzie McDonald live with bet365 here* on Wednesday, January 16. The Cilic v McDonald match will begin at 1 pm local time (3 am BST).
*Geo-restrictions apply & pre-funded account needed
Cilic Looks to Repeat Strong Start to Season
Croat Marin Cilic returns to the Australian Open looking to repeat his strong run from 2018, where he lost a closely fought five-set final to Roger Federer.
Currently world number 7, Cilic was ranked as high as | 156 |
18. March 2018 beilhack
On March 17th, 2018, the new cancer research foundation Forschung hilft! (Research helps!) invited to a charity concert by the German Doctors Orchestra in the grand concert hall of the conservatory of Würzburg University.
The wonderful performance started with Carl Maria von Weber's overture Master of the Spirits. Conducted by Alexander Mottok, Weber's music shined brightly. The concert eclipsed with Elisabeth Müller's stellar performance of Camille Saint-Saëns' impressionistic violin concerto No. 3. Standing ovations after Robert Schumann's 3rd symphony were rewarded with a special feature of Alexander Mottok's own composition. – A fine evening indeed!
The German Doctors' Orchestra was founded in 1989. Its 150 members are predominantly medical doctors of all disciplines but also pharmacists, nurses and medical students. Many of them have a professional musical education. The orchestra consists exclusively of volunteer musicians and are led by Alexander Mottok, a freelance conductor. For more than ten years, the orchestra's hallmark has been to perform charity concerts at the highest musical level.
The new foundation Forschung hilft! – Research helps! supports promising research<|fim_middle|>chung hilft! aims to achieve its goals through donations. The Beilhack lab's research approach has been selected by this charity to propel immunotherapy for cancer treatment. | projects and extraordinary achievements of scientists at the University of Würzburg, for example through scholarships. Invigorated by the crowdfunding campaign "Your Immune System Becomes Your Weapon Against Cancer", Würzburg's foundation "Hilfe im Kampf gegen Krebs" donated €100,000 to the new foundation when it was founded in mid-December 2017. Since then, Fors | 85 |
Features wireless charging pad and phone holder 2 in 1 design.
This R-JUST RJ-13 Iron Man Qi wireless charger is crafted with superior aluminum alloy and PC, rust-proof, solid and durable, and comes with great heat dissipation. Features wireless<|fim_middle|>. | charging pad and phone holder 2 in 1 design, allows you to watch movies, or video chat with families, friends, and charge your phone simultaneously, so convenient and practical.
Wireless charging pad and phone holder 2 in 1 design, allows you to watch movies, or video chat with families, friends, and charge your phone simultaneously.
Comes with wider induction area, higher conversion rate and higher charging efficiency.
Allows you to freely adjust the charger angle for the best viewing angle.
Delicately made of premium aluminum alloy and PC, rust-proof, solid and durable, and comes with great heat dissipation.
Ensures the charger stay still and will not move around when charging.
Supports type-c and micro USB two ports. Less than 8mm charging induction distance, it can charge your phone even your phone with phone case | 170 |
SI1395 –<|fim_middle|> 40 kilometers and Split Airport is about 50 kilometers away. | A charming seafront house for sale Sibenik is situated right next to the most beautiful sea you have ever seen, in a tranquil and mesmerizing bay with orientation towards the north.
The house for sale Sibenik consists of four levels and it is placed on a plot of 981m2 altogether. Its first level is a parking area. The remaining three levels are three separate apartment units (a one-bedroom, a two-bedroom and a three-bedroom), each with a terrace or a balcony and an amazing view of the sea and the surrounding nature. The house features 6 bedrooms altogether and it represents a great business opportunity since it is already well established on the tourist market. There are outdoor stairs leading directly to the crystal-clear sea, which is a superb advantage. The spacious terraces are perfect for sunbathing and outdoor dining. The house has its own mooring space and a pier for sunbathing.
The property is accessed from the main road positioned on the south side of the property. Right there you have a spacious parking space in addition to the garage on the first level of the property (which can take up to 4 cars). From here you have approximately 10 kilometers to the nearest gas station, a bank and a post office; the wonderful city of Sibenik is approx. 20 kilometers away, Trogir is at a distance of approx. | 281 |
Today's guest blog is brought to you by Dr. Marlene Caroselli. As an author, keynoter, and corporate trainer, she has published over 60 books and countless curricula, articles, and speeches.
Author and academician James C. Humes maintains that leadership is selling. And selling, basically, is talking. The talking that sells, though, must be authentic. It must be honest. It must inspire trust. To illustrate: You may have heard about the authors who wanted to write a book detailing ways to save<|fim_middle|>gressions, because the economy is strong and/or because the nation is at peace?
Ideally, the sound of your leadership matches the actions that accompany it.
You can reach Dr. Marlene Caroselli here. | the earth. They collected hundreds of user-friendly ideas. Their writing style was outstanding. Their publisher was excited. Everyone thought they had a best-seller on their hands. But the sales never matched the hope. Can you figure out why?
As you may have guessed, they neglected to use recycled paper. Their words did not have the ring of authenticity—they did not match their actions. Readers figured that if the authors were really concerned about the environment, they would have chosen paper that protected it.
The authors had a good idea, to be sure–a collection of ways to befriend the environment. Unfortunately, the good idea didn't match their goal. The authors failed to practice what they were preaching. To lead effectively, you must ensure your behavior mirrors your intentions. Align words, action, and an honorable goal. There's a Biblical precedent, to be sure. Even if you are not a religious person, you'll probably concur with the authenticity to be found in Jesus' words–"I know from where I came and where I go" (John 8:14).
The reporter, who was familiar with King's work, looked doubtful. The words didn't ring true. They didn't sound like the authentic King, the king of horror.
When others sense that your goal is being pursued for less than honorable purposes, they will lose faith. When they sense that your words are covering up a goal different from the one you're proposing, they will stop supporting you. Make certain there's congruence between your goal and a good intention. And, make certain both your words and actions reflect that worthy goal.
Always. If you fail to lead with honor, your self-serving intentions will be uncovered, sooner or later. As businesspeople, we may be able to maintain relationships for a while in an integrity-vacuum. We may be able to operate with less than full disclosure, we may be able to sell a shoddy product or disguise a true intent. Sooner or later, though, some of the people who cannot be fooled all of the time will see through the threadbare mantle of integrity, worn by unethical individuals in order to cloak ulterior motives. And when that happens, the consequences may easily doom the unscrupulous seller.
Unlike morality–which implies a codified sense of ethics, an acknowledged system to which many people subscribe–integrity is an individual consideration. Consequently, achieving clarity on integrity is much harder than achieving clarity on influence. But once you have made the choices that lead to clarity, you can consciously take ethical actions–actions that reflect the principles by which you wish to live. Having grasped what integrity is, you'll proceed to use it in your efforts to influence others in honorable ways.
Integrity, in truth, is a slow-moving target. Think about it. Over the years, haven't you shifted some of your views, in keeping with Emerson's insistence that "a foolish consistency is the hobgoblin of little minds"? The authenticity you reflect today has probably moved around a bit over the years. The events or encounters that occur even after you have finally defined integrity to your satisfaction keep the target in a state of slow flux. These occurrences may be significant enough to force you to re-think your definition. That's not a bad thing.
You may have determined your personal set of principles, but when those principles are put to the test, you may discover they are not steadfast after all. Or, you may find that your principles do not apply to other people. Or, that certain factors cause a given principle to recede in importance. You may even modify your definition to include certain behaviors that gained greater significance as you grew older. Having been betrayed by a friend or an employer, for example, you may now decide that keeping one's word is a critical aspect of integrity.
Psychologists have a name for these below-the-surface rumblings in our mental terrain: "cognitive dissonance." In other words, you may have determined for yourself what actions fall within the acceptable realm as far as integrity is concerned. To be sure, it is important to make these determinations. Otherwise, you may find yourself in a state of emotional disequilibrium. But what if you receive information that upsets what you've come to believe is true? You are thrown off balance, so to speak, by the information that runs contrary to the belief system you've established. Your ethical "wholeness" now has a crack in it.
To illustrate, let's assume you have placed various individuals in either the acceptable or the non-acceptable area on the integrity spectrum, based on their actions. Then you learn that someone you regard as a person of high moral character has done something you consider unethical. You actually have several options available to you in order to change your mental "dissonance" to "consonance." You can refuse to believe the story you are hearing, thus maintaining the image you have of this person. Or, you can relax your standards, perhaps even redefining what integrity means to you, in order to keep this person's behavior within the realm of acceptability. Finally, you could decide to shift your opinion of this individual from the high end of your integrity scale to the lower end. But, resolution of some kind is necessary. Otherwise, you will continue to experience psychological discomfort.
Let's look at another example. If you were asked what core values you abide by, would you be able to express them without hesitation? Many people would find this question a challenging one. Having lived through recent eras such as the Me Generation, the Greed-Is-Good Era, and a Scandal-in-Government era, you may find yourself wondering more than ever before how steady your moral compass really is. When you read that approval ratings for dishonest politicians and business leaders somehow manage to remain high and the politicians remain in office, you may even wonder if the integrity-component of the leadership personality is as important as you've always thought it was.
When we learn they are alleged to have done things we regard as unethical, perhaps even immoral, we have to make some tough choices. Do we still support such individuals? Do we revamp our opinions of them? Do we widen the borders surrounding appropriate behaviors? Do we remove certain actions from our previous definition, regarding them as unimportant after all? Do we decide that the person can still be an effective/successful leader despite his trans | 1,305 |
Simulating an Engine Governor, the Spring Loaded Centrifugal Governor
by Alexandra Foley
We've probably all seen centrifugal force in action in one way or another, whether it be riding on a merry-go-round as a child, spinning a bucket of water<|fim_middle|>, there are two equilibrium positions between 0 and 8 revolutions of the spindle. Just after 2 revolutions, since the RPM of the shaft has increased, the equilibrium moves to a new position between 0.033 and 0.038 m.
Relative displacement and equilibrium positions of the sleeve with respect to the spindle.
In the phase portrait below, we can see the relative displacement of the sleeve's sliding motion. This graph gives us a more detailed analysis of the sleeve's motion, and clearly shows the two equilibrium positions.
Phase portrait of the sleeve's sliding motion along the spindle.
Model Download
Spring Loaded Centrifugal Governor model
Paper Mechanics and the Benefits of Modeling Paperboard Formation
What Is the Best Way to Analyze Fuel Tank Vibration?
Verification Model: Postbuckling Analysis of a Spherical Cap | upside and observing as the contents hug the insides of the bucket, or watching mud spinning off of a turning tire. In addition to making dizzying carnival rides, this force can be used in the design of many mechanical applications, where it is harnessed to control a variety of effects. One such example is a centrifugal governor (or engine governor), where a centrifugal force is used to regulate fuel supply to an engine.
A centrifugal governor in a steam engine from 1788. This steam
engine is currently at the Science Museum in London, England.
Image attribution: Dr Junge.
How Does an Engine Governor Work?
Although the first centrifugal governors date back to 1788 when they were first patented by James Watt, the general principle behind their design has changed very little since then, and they can still be found in modern engines. The first centrifugal governors, like the one pictured above, were used in stream engines where they regulated the speed of the engine by controlling the amount of steam allowed to enter the cylinder. Today, centrifugal governors are most commonly found in internal combustion engines and turbines.
Before we start constructing and analyzing our own model, let's take a look at the parts of a typical engine governor:
A centrifugal governor, consisting of a spindle, two arms, two links, two flyballs, and a sleeve.
In the diagram shown above, we can see the geometry of a spring loaded centrifugal governor. In this model, the spindle is connected to the output shaft of the engine, which regulates the amount of fuel entering the engine cylinder through the throttle valve. The governor becomes activated when power supplied by the engine's output shaft causes the spindle to rotate at a certain speed; faster rotations cause more kinetic energy to enter the system. This is where centrifugal force comes into play — as the spindle spins at a faster and faster rate, the rotational motion causes the flyballs to be drawn outwards, which in turn causes the sleeve, links, and arms to rise as well. If the flyballs rise high enough (meaning that a certain threshold of kinetic energy from the engine has been transferred into the system), then the motion of the arms reduces the aperture of a throttle valve. The throttle valve reduces the rate of the fuel entering the cylinder, thus slowing the RPM of the engine. The image below shows the displacement of various parts of the governor, where the flyballs have risen in response to the speed of the engine.
The displacement of the sleeve, flyballs, arms, and links in response to the engine speed. Colors show displacement in meters.
There is one additional part in this engine governor, namely the spring. Although you can't see the spring in the model, imagine that it is connecting the sleeve to the top of the spindle so that as the sleeve rises up the spindle, it compresses the spring. The spring restricts the outward motion of the flyballs, and as the flyballs rise, the spring creates different equilibrium positions of the sleeve along the length of the spindle. These equilibrium positions occur at certain spindle RPM — at different speeds, the upward motion of the flyballs due to centrifugal force and the downward force of the increasingly compressed spring have a net force of zero, and the sleeve stays localized at a certain position along the spindle. Depending on the RPM of the spindle, the sleeve has different equilibrium positions along the spindle. The motion is stabilized by a dashpot acting as a damper in the system.
Simulating a Centrifugal Governor
We can use the Multibody Dynamics Module to simulate the governor's behavior, analyze the stress in the joints, and to determine the equilibrium positions of the sleeve's sliding motion along the spindle. In our model, hinge joints connect the arms to the flyballs, and the links to the sleeve. The sleeve itself is mounted over the spindle using a prismatic joint, and can freely slide up and down the spindle. The hinge joints in this model have one rotational degree of freedom, and the prismatic joint has one translational degree of freedom along the spindle axis.
The image below shows the von Mises stress in the arms and links of the governor, visualizing that the stress is most concentrated near the joints.
The von Mises stress on the arms and links in the engine governor.
In addition, we can use the simulation to analyze the displacement of the sleeve along the length of the spindle. In the figure below, we can see the displacement plotted against the number of revolutions of the spindle. As can be seen in the graph | 921 |
How can we talk to our kids about endangered species? I remember the first time I learned about animals that could become extinct and remember feeling sad. That's why I'm excited about this new picture book that teaches children about endangered species in a hopeful and colorful way.
"Hopefully You'll Get to See" was released in February 2019. It was written by T.R. Elkins, who like many parents, felt worried about the kind of world that his daughter will be inheriting. He wrote the book when he became a dad. In it we learn about 13 animals that are in danger of being extinct in our lifetime.
Every page starts<|fim_middle|> to protect animals and their habitats. To purchase this book click here.
You can learn more about the author, T.R. Elkins here. | with the phrase "hopefully you'll get to see" and then gives some information about the animal, including what you call a group of that animal (I chuckled when I learned that a group of orangutans is called a "congress), and what amazing things that animal can do.
The images are colorful, and that message is important: these animals may not be around if we don't do something about it.
Another message? The book highlights what amazing things a group of human beings, as diverse as we are, can do if we call come together.
Perhaps the best thing I can say about this book is that my son, who is 8, loved it! He even took it to school to read.
A portion of the proceeds of this book will help support efforts | 157 |
Nouns & Verbs: New and Selected Poems
by Campbell McGrath
A major new collection from one of our best loved, most celebrated, and most original poets
Deeply personal but also expansive in its imaginative scope, Nouns & Verbs brings together thirty-five years of writing from Campbell McGrath, one of America's most highly lauded poets. Offering a hint of where he's headed while charting the territory already explored, McGrath gives us startlingly inventive new poems while surveying his previous work-lyric poems, prose poems, and a searing episodic personal epic, "An Odyssey of Appetite," exploring America's limitless material and spiritual hungers.
Nothing is too large or small to remain untouched by McGrath's voracious intellect and deep empathy-everything from Japanese eggplant to a can of Schaefer beer to the smokestacks of Chicago comes in for a close and perceptive look even as McGr<|fim_middle|> and vision of a truly singular poet.
BISAC1: POETRY / American / General
Campbell McGrath
Campbell McGrath's previous collections are Capitalism, American Noise, Spring Comes to Chicago, Road Atlas, Florida Poems, and Pax Atomica. His awards include the Kingsley Tufts Prize and fellowships from the Guggenheim and MacArthur Foundations. He teaches in the creative writing program at Florida International University in Miami.
Other Works by Campbell McGrath
XX: Poems for the Twentieth Century
Nouns & Verbs: New and Selected Poems by Campbell McGrath | ath crosses borders and boundaries, investigating the enduring human experiences of love and loss.
A book that stands on its own solid foundation, Nouns & Verbs captures the voice | 34 |
92.5 THE CHUCK
The Chuck Newsletter
Sarah Chalke, Chris Parnell talk 'Rick and Morty' ahead of Season 4
WATCH: Sarah Chalke and Chris Parnell discuss 'Rick and Morty'
Animated show Rick<|fim_middle|> | and Morty follows a sociopathic genius scientist who drags his inherently timid grandson on insanely dangerous adventures across the universe.
Rick Sanchez (Justin Roiland) is living with his daughter Beth's (Sarah Chalke) family and constantly bringing her, his son-in-law Jerry (Chris Parnell), granddaughter Summer (Spencer Grammer) and grandson Morty (Roiland) on intergalactic escapades.
Rick and Morty Season 4 premieres on Sunday, and two of the show's stars, Chalke and Parnell, sat down with Global News in Toronto to talk about Rick and Morty's fan base, which animated character they would love to voice and more.
READ MORE: 'Rick and Morty' returns for Season 4
Parnell said fans can expect "more of the same" in the upcoming season.
"We are under lock and serious key," Chalke added. "But we're recording it right now, and I think it's some of the best episodes that we've gotten to do."
Rick and Morty Season 4 premieres on Nov. 10 at 11:30 p.m. ET on Adult Swim.
Watch the interview in the video above.
WHL Roundup: Friday, January 17, 2020 | 268 |
Synopsis: A honeymoon turns dangerous in A Perfect Getaway when the couple finds themselves being stalked by a pair of killers.
A Perfect Getaway<|fim_middle|> difficult, given the location in Kauai, Hawaii. Nonetheless, it is breathtaking.
If a branch falling out of nowhere is the only moment you flinch in your seat you know a horror film has failed miserably. If you plan on being even the tiniest bit scared, or frightened, or on the edge of your seat with suspense, you will be sorely disappointed during A Perfect Getaway. | throws together a bunch of typical characters with the normal stereotypes in order to try and keep you guessing as to who the killers may be. The problem is that it is overly obvious who they want you to believe are the killers that the suspense is all but lost on the viewer. The final "twist" is nothing short of lame, and just plain ridiculous, as it makes no sense given the material prior in the plot. All you really get with A Perfect Getaway is a whole lot of talking, and more talking, and then a climax that falls short of anything spectacular or remotely thrilling.
If anything, A Perfect Getaway provides some of the most beautiful landscapes and surroundings you may ever see on screen. Not that it was very | 147 |
Q: How to search a nested array of objects? I have this array of objects and I can search and find the RoomName, but how do I search through the nested arrays or Areas?
I am getting the RoomName by using any of these
var obj1 = data2.find(o => o.RoomName === 'Room 4');
console.log(obj1);
var abc = data2[data2.findIndex(x => x.RoomName == "Room 1")];
console.log(abc);
var foundValue = data2.filter(obj=>obj.RoomName === 'Room 2');
console.log(foundValue);
console.log(data2.filter(function (arr) { return arr.RoomName == 'Room 4' })[0]);
But I would like to search through the Area's, I have tried this
var obj1 = data2.find(o => o.Areas.AreaName === 'Area 4');
console.log(obj1);
But that isn't working.
What I would like to happen is if I find Area 4, then it should return the whole object.. IE
{ "RoomID": 4, "RoomName": "Room 4", "Areas": [{ "id": 4, "AreaName": "Area 4" }, { "id": 40, "AreaName": "Area 40" }] }
$(document).ready(function(){
var data2 = [
{ "RoomID": 1, "RoomName": "Room 1", "Areas": [{ "id": 1, "AreaName": "Area 1" }, { "id": 10, "AreaName": "Area 10" }] },
{ "RoomID": 2, "RoomName": "Room 2", "Areas": [{ "id": 2, "AreaName": "Area 2" }, { "id": 20, "AreaName": "Area 20" }] },
{ "RoomID": 3, "RoomName": "Room 3", "Areas": [{ "id": 3, "AreaName": "Area 3" }, { "id": 30, "AreaName":<|fim_middle|>NameToSearch));
console.log(obj1);
A: You can make a double filter to iterate over the areas and return only when it meets your condition.
var areaObj = data2.filter(o=> {
return o.Areas.filter(a=>{
return a.AreaName == 'Area 4'
}).length > 0
})
Hope this helps :>
$(document).ready(function() {
var data2 = [{
"RoomID": 1,
"RoomName": "Room 1",
"Areas": [{
"id": 1,
"AreaName": "Area 1"
}, {
"id": 10,
"AreaName": "Area 10"
}]
},
{
"RoomID": 2,
"RoomName": "Room 2",
"Areas": [{
"id": 2,
"AreaName": "Area 2"
}, {
"id": 20,
"AreaName": "Area 20"
}]
},
{
"RoomID": 3,
"RoomName": "Room 3",
"Areas": [{
"id": 3,
"AreaName": "Area 3"
}, {
"id": 30,
"AreaName": "Area 30"
}, {
"id": 35,
"AreaName": "Area 35"
}]
},
{
"RoomID": 4,
"RoomName": "Room 4",
"Areas": [{
"id": 4,
"AreaName": "Area 4"
}, {
"id": 40,
"AreaName": "Area 40"
}]
}
];
var areaObj = data2.filter(o=>o.Areas.filter(a=> a.AreaName == 'Area 4').length > 0)
console.log(areaObj)
});
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
| "Area 30" }, { "id": 35, "AreaName": "Area 35" }] },
{ "RoomID": 4, "RoomName": "Room 4", "Areas": [{ "id": 4, "AreaName": "Area 4" }, { "id": 40, "AreaName": "Area 40" }] }
];
var obj1 = data2.find(o => o.RoomName === 'Room 4');
console.log(obj1);
var abc = data2[data2.findIndex(x => x.RoomName == "Room 1")];
console.log(abc);
var foundValue = data2.filter(obj=>obj.RoomName === 'Room 2');
console.log(foundValue);
console.log(data2.filter(function (arr) { return arr.RoomName == 'Room 4' })[0]);
});
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
A: You could take a nested approach with Array#find for the outer array and Array#some for the inner array.
Array.find returns the item if the inner Array.some returns true. The inner callback looks for an area with a given name.
If this condition is true, the inner loop stopps and returns a true to the calling function, which returns the object with the wanted object.
var data2 = [{ RoomID: 1, RoomName: "Room 1", Areas: [{ id: 1, AreaName: "Area 1" }, { id: 10, AreaName: "Area 10" }] }, { RoomID: 2, RoomName: "Room 2", Areas: [{ id: 2, AreaName: "Area 2" }, { id: 20, AreaName: "Area 20" }] }, { RoomID: 3, RoomName: "Room 3", Areas: [{ id: 3, AreaName: "Area 3" }, { id: 30, AreaName: "Area 30" }, { id: 35, AreaName: "Area 35" }] }, { RoomID: 4, RoomName: "Room 4", Areas: [{ id: 4, AreaName: "Area 4" }, { id: 40, AreaName: "Area 40" }] }];
obj1 = data2.find(({ Areas }) => Areas.some(({ AreaName }) => AreaName === "Area 4"));
console.log(obj1);
.as-console-wrapper { max-height: 100% !important; top: 0; }
A: This appears to be a repeat of previous questions. There is no built-in deep object search method in javascript, but you can use recursion to find the value of a nested object.
*
*Find by key deep in a nested object
*Find and retrive object value by key, include nested objects
A: You can use filter and some to tests whether at least one element in the array has AreaName equals to the searched variable.
var data2 = [{"RoomID":1,"RoomName":"Room 1","Areas":[{"id":1,"AreaName":"Area 1"},{"id":10,"AreaName":"Area 10"}]},{"RoomID":2,"RoomName":"Room 2","Areas":[{"id":2,"AreaName":"Area 2"},{"id":20,"AreaName":"Area 20"}]},{"RoomID":3,"RoomName":"Room 3","Areas":[{"id":3,"AreaName":"Area 3"},{"id":30,"AreaName":"Area 30"},{"id":35,"AreaName":"Area 35"}]},{"RoomID":4,"RoomName":"Room 4","Areas":[{"id":4,"AreaName":"Area 4"},{"id":40,"AreaName":"Area 40"}]}]
var AreaNameToSearch = 'Area 4';
var obj1 = data2.find(o => o.Areas.some(x => x.AreaName === Area | 861 |
HMSD Design Research &<|fim_middle|>, communications and organizations. Led by Principal Heidi McCulloch, HMSD is fanatically committed to revealing insight that results in meaningful innovation to address real human needs, both current and emergent.
Identifying trends and drivers for the development of "plausible future scenarios" relevant to the challenge at hand.
Illuminating emergent human needs and strategic opportunities.
Leveraging qualitative and quantitative design research methods to build detailed need-based personas.
Leveraging quantitative research methods to validate persona segments, prioritize needs and quantify opportunity.
Leveraging design research methods to populate the thinking/ feeling/ doing journey mapping framework for experience design applications.
A participatory process that brings together diverse stakeholder groups for design prototyping purposes.
For the purposes of user experience and technology design, use cases are captured to determine functional needs, activity flows and define design principles. | Strategy is a human-centered design research and strategy consultancy. Design research leverages hybrid research methods to guide the design and development of products, services | 28 |
View source for Saper 2016
← Saper 2016
:Saper, Craig. ''The Amazing Adventures of Bob Brown: A Real-Life Zelig Who Wrote His Way Through the 20th Century.'' New York: Fordham University Press, 2016. ''1450-1950'', collection of hand-drawn visual poetry published in 1929 (no first editions exist; 1959 reprint does); published by Harry and Caresse Crosby's Black Sun Press in Paris: http://www.ubu.com/historical/brown/brown01.html "the process of reading 1450-1950 follows an intimate discovery of a literally marginalized poetry (since the invention of the printing press). Brown's collection is an extension of Gutenberg's creative legacy from 1450 and, at the same time, a resistance to the standardized lines of type set." (153) the Readies machine: "Bob wanted to conjure a machine that would not be out of place in a popular science fiction story in a pulp magazine." (<|fim_middle|>http://whitneyannetrettien.com/whiki/index.php/Saper_2016" | 154) "Recognizing punctuation marks as analogies for cinematographic zooms, close-ups, and special effects makes reading into a new, unfamiliar process; using punctuation as hieroglyphic analogies for visual and emotional meanings might seem obvious today when we create emoji or emoticons by using punctuation marks in precisely this way. Using punctuation for visual rather than reading cues makes reading into a dramatic scene, or an allegory about the process of reading as the words run on 'before the eye continuously.'" (156) "Bob Brown sent a copy of the Readies manifesto to Gertrude Stein, and she loved his invention and laughed aloud as his playful presentation of plans and ideas. She answered his plan with an essay celebrating 'Absolutely Bob Brown, or Bobbed Brown,' alluding to Brown's calls to process all texts in a telegraphic cut-up styles that eliminates all unnecessary words. With Stein's poetic allusion in mind, the readies' writers and editors bobbed sentences as flappers bobbed (cut short) their hair" announced the Readies in three versions: ''The Readies'' (1930/2014), a condensed version in ''transition'' (1930), and a follow-up version in an appendix in ''Readies for Bob Brown's Machine'' (1931); also included a different approach to preparing texts for machine in ''Words'' (1931/2014), which miniaturized to less than 2-point font size and required magnification to read; in a later novel ''You Gotta Live'' (1932) he wrote a preface int he readies style
Return to Saper 2016.
Retrieved from " | 359 |
Wonderful world! My friend and fellow mosaic artist Lynn Adamo and I applied for a large public art project in McMinnville, Oregon last year for a new bus station/rerouting center.
It all started with a bronze frog sculpture that was gifted to the library some years ago.
This cute contemplative frog is being relocated because of the renovations. He needed a new home, and we were being hired to create it!
The client requested a mosaic "pond" to be sited in an existing planter bed close to the front doors.
Now… Lynn and I live at opposite ends of the state. We weren't really sure how we were going to do this, but this is what we decided.
and she did the in person meetings (since she's far closer to McMinnville) and got a full sized copy made of my design. We chose and ordered tiles with lots of back and forth, online and on the phone.
And then Lynn made the cutest maquette ever!
To begin the hands on part, we met up in Bend, at our friend Rochelle's awesome studio Wild Rose Artworks (thanks<|fim_middle|> previous co-worker from Illahe Tileworks, found me a used slab roller on Craigslist. I've wanted one of these for a long time, but never had the space. Now I do! It's very exciting and I rolled out my first slab today. I'm a little rusty on the how part, but it HAS been about 6 years since I've used one of these babies. And I'm attempting to do large slabs of clay — approximately 24″ x 30″. I'm feeling my age today!
Once I'm done with this blog post and the slab has stiffened up just a little, I will begin to cut out the shapes for the first pieces. Whoot! Whoot!
I had the full mural design blown up onto paper at 111% original size to use as a template. I coated the entire thing with clear contact paper to protect it from tearing and make it more resistant to the moisture in the clay. Then I cut out pieces from the template that would be more manageable in size and shape. I made a corresponding "map" of the final piece so I knew where each piece would go once they were finished.
Yep. I pretty much just made a giant puzzle!
Each of these pieces will be placed on the clay and cut around as well as transferring the design to the face of the tile as a guide. I still am a little undecided how I'll tackle creating "mosaic" pieces for the background, but I think it'll work out. Sometimes you have to figure things out as you do them to see what will work and what won't.
And finally today, I've been creating my own version of the whole 50 Shades genre by doing glaze tests for the project. My own 50 Shades of Clay!
I am using Amaco Velvets underglaze with a clear sprayed on top to bring out the color and protect it from the dirt and weather. I'm loving the palette so far. I realize there are only 48 colors here, but more tests are on the way!
That's where I am on the process so far, as I am concurrently working on a public commission for the McMinnville Library. This will be a lily pond mosaic I'm co-creating with my friend and fellow mosaic artist Lynn Adamo of Hillsboro. Coverage on that project in the next blog post!
Oh! and don't miss seeing how all the Haines Foundation recipients used their grant money — join all 18 of us at the Ashland Art Center on March 6th (First Friday) from 5-8pm for an exhibit of everyone's works and works in progress!
I finally finished Pete and Carol's tiles last week and they picked them up Tuesday (yeah!).
Now it's time to make some work for the June "Art for the Garden and Home" show.
Save the dates- June 7-9th up at the top of Wimer St. in Ashland, OR.
447 Pape St. And 421 Prim St. Both just off Wimer. There will be tons of signs!
Times are from 10-5 Friday and Saturday, and 10-3 on Sunday.
Mary Dee's garden is also on the Ashland Garden Tour-so plan ahead Sunday so you have time to see both the art and the plants.
I'm beginning this week by making my ceramic plaques.
I roll out my clay the ol' fashioned way with a big rolling pin, just like making biscuits!
After the clay sets up for half a day or so, I cut it into the basic sizes I'll use for the individual plaques.
Then I wait several more hours, or overnight to add carved details like wording, or individual designs.
Once the tiles are completely dry, they get their first firing, or bisque (1830°F).
It takes about 12 hours for the kiln to come up to temperature, and 12 hours to cool.
After that, I either glaze them using handpainting of glazes or underglazes for color-and spray with a clear glaze if needed.
Then a high firing up to cone 5 (2185°F) for another 12 hours.
After the tiles have cooled for about 12 hours, I can touch them without burning myself.
I add hanging wires and beads to some, others have built in wires on the backs. And little felt dots so your wall won't scratch!
And that's why it takes so long to make these little guys and why they aren't $2 each! Lots of love and attention is taken with each piece, and no two are exactly the same.
I also make these to order-so keep me in mind for addresses, special messages, new homes, etc. But give me at least two weeks to a month to get it done!
Here's the address tile I made for my house.
This is just one of the ways I make these tiles.
I'll save the other subtractive method for a future post.
Hope you enjoyed your mini tutorial! | Rochelle), to split the materials and layout the full size cartoon onto mesh.
Next we tiled along the imaginary center line, then when it was set over night, we cut the mesh into two large halves and brought them back to our respective homes to work on them.
So far, this is how it's going on my end.
I am also on the search, via a rock hound friend, to find the perfect rock for the frog sculpture to sit on in the center of the pond.
In addition to all this great work that's finally going on, I was accepted into the Rogue Gallery 2015 Biennial! The show is a collection of works from artists of the Rogue Valley. Please check it out when you can, it opens Feb.20th (from 5-8 pm) and will run through April 10th 2015.
Greetings to all my loyal friends and art enthusiasts!
I wanted to let you all know what is happening in my life and on the Horses of Equamore mural (FINALLY!).
2014 was a crazy busy year for me, beginning with receiving a $4,000 grant from the Haines Foundation of Ashland in late July! I proposed creating a mural I could call my creation from start to finish as a way to build my portfolio and help myself get future work as a mosaic artist. I was excited, but also a bit daunted, as I knew I would have to raise at least $10,000 more in order to really "get paid" for all my work.
I chose the theme of the mural, the horses of the Equamore Foundation, as I felt that there was a strong connection between the community of Talent where I live, and the horse culture that is all around us here in the Rogue Valley of Southern Oregon. I was introduced to the foundation by Anna Clay, owner of the Grotto Pizza where the mural will be installed. Anna is a huge supporter of animal welfare causes, so it seemed a good match to me, and luckily she agreed! Here is a link to the mock up of what the mosaic will look like, minus a good number of wildlife tiles that will be added in to the final piece, in situ.
I also had to go through the City of Talent to get approval from the City Council, and still have to get permits finalized through Planning before installation on the Grotto.
In August I put together an Indiegogo.com crowd funding campaign which started in early September and ran for a month. I slowly started raising money one dollar (or sometimes 75 cents!) at a time.
In addition to the horses, the mural will also include many other examples of wildlife that can be found in Southern Oregon. I "sold" folks the chance to have their names put onto an animal tile from a selection of around 45 tiles, which will be set into the final mosaic as an integral piece, rather than as an aside. I liked the idea, which I borrowed with permission from Eileen Barr who co-created the 163 steps project in San Francisco. She was a great resource for me in terms of how to handle fundraising and integrating the community into the project. Thanks Eileen!
I was ultimately successful in the last hours of the campaign and made my goal, which enabled me to pay a lower fee to Indiegogo and keep more for the project! THANK YOU to everyone who pitched in, large or small, it all matters! I am feeling so blessed and so happy to have the support of the community, my friends, and my family.
Then I took the next 6-8 weeks for prepping wares for the annual Clayfolk Show and Sale at the Medford Armory, which was also quite a success. More good vibes!
I began right after the Clayfolk Show getting set up to create this giant project consisting of a 27 foot long, 2.5 foot tall handmade ceramic tile mosaic depicting the horses of the Equamore Foundation, a local rescue for abused and neglected horses.
I purchased a "portable" carport/tent to use as an outdoor annex to my tiny studio. You can see the back of my studio just in front of the tent.
It looks small here, but is 12 x 20 feet of room that I'm loving having already. It will be even nicer when it warms up and I can be out there all the time!
Next, my friend Rick Evans, fellow artist, and | 926 |
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© Metaphysics Research Lab, CSLI, Stanford University
Modal Fictionalism
First published Tue May 14, 2002; substantive revision Tue Dec 11, 2007
Questions about necessity (or what has to be, or what cannot be otherwise) and possibility (or what can be, or what could be otherwise) are questions about modality. Fictionalism is an approach to theoretical matters in a given area which treats the claims in that area as being in some sense analogous to fictional claims: claims we do not literally accept at face value, but which we nevertheless think serve some useful function. However, despite its name, "Modal Fictionalism" in its usual manifestations is not primarily fictionalism about claims of necessity and possibility, but rather a fictionalist approach to claims about possible worlds. (For instance, modal fictionalism is not normally fictionalist about the claim that "it is possible that there be a species of tail-less kangaroo", but rather about the claim that "there is a possible world in which there is a species of tail-less kangaroo".) The practice of taking possible worlds to be merely convenient fictions, or of treating talk about possible worlds as being useful without being literally correct, is quite common in philosophical circles. It is only recently, however, that philosophers have seriously examined the implications of taking possible worlds to be merely fictional objects, like Sherlock Holmes or a frictionless surface.
Theories employing possible worlds terminology have been found to be very useful in philosophy, e.g. when engaging in thought experiments; distinguishing various claims in metaphysics, or in the philosophy of language, mind, knowledge or ethics; and in areas other than philosophy, like linguistics, modal logic, and probability theory. Many have found the status of these worlds and their contents to be puzzling, to say the least. What are they? Where, if anywhere, are they supposed to be? How are we supposed to discover facts about them? Isn't it extravagant to believe that just because a situation is possible, it must in some sense exist? Modal fictionalists take theories committed to the existence of possible worlds, merely hypothetical situations, non-actual but possible objects etc. to be strictly and literally false, and so they avoid the problems of believing in possible worlds. Nevertheless, they claim, they can enjoy the benefits of using these seemingly problematic theories.
Modal fictionalism should be of interest to those concerned with the metaphysics of modality, since theories committed to the literal existence of possible worlds (and, even more worryingly, the literal existence of merely possible objects 'contained' in these worlds) come at a cost, both to economy and to many people's intuitions. But it is, or should be, of wider interest as well, since it is one of the most discussed applications of a fictionalist treatment of abstract objects, along with mathematical fictionalism. Lessons learned in the case of modal fictionalism can hopefully be applied to other areas in which we may wish to evade literal theoretical commitments.
I shall begin by discussing the motivation for modal fictionalism, and distinguishing some of its varieties. Next, I shall seek to put fictionalism in a slightly broader theoretical context, by discussing its connections with instrumentalism and eliminativism, and by discussing what connection there might be between "fictionalism" and treatments of paradigmatic fictions. I shall then discuss the debate about the "Brock/Rosen objection" and a problem raised by Bob Hale, both of which turn on technical problems concerning modal claims about the status of the modal fiction. Finally, in section 4, other concerns about modal fictionalism will be discussed.
1. Types of Modal Fictionalism
1.1 The Contents of The Fiction of Possible Worlds
1.2 Strong vs. Timid
1.3 Normative vs. Descriptive
1.4 Fictionalism about Modality and Modal Fictionalism
1.5 Further Extensions
2. Fictionalism in Context
2.1 Modal Fictionalism and Fiction
3. Technical Problems
3.1 The Brock/Rosen Objection
3.2 Hale's Dilemma
4. Other Concerns
4.1 Artificiality
4.2 Incompleteness
4.3 Which Fiction Should Be Employed?
4.4 The Theoretical Primitives of Modal Fictionalism
4.5 The Threat from Abstractionism
4.6 Does Modal Fictionalism Deliver Possible Worlds Semantics?
4.7 Concern about Concern
Modal fictionalists often focus on the claim that possible worlds are merely fictional entities, and apparent commitment to possible worlds is to be explained in the same sort of way that apparent commitment to ideal gases or frictionless surfaces is to be explained. Rosen 1990 and others have formulated modal fictionalism as a theory that takes talk of possible worlds to be on a par with talk about paradigmatically fictional objects, e.g. Sherlock Holmes ("There is a (non-actual) possible world at which there are blue swans" is to be understood on the model of "There is a brilliant detective at 221b Baker Street", in Rosen's example). This goes with an at least partial account of how we are to treat paradigmatically fictional claims: that they are, literally and strictly speaking, false. The literal truth, according to modal fictionalists, is that there are no merely possible worlds (or merely possible situations, or outcomes), and there are no merely possible objects. Strictly and literally speaking, there is no sculpture that I spent this morning making, though there could have been. When the flipped coin comes down heads, there is strictly speaking no outcome of that very throw in which it comes down tails.
What is literally true, however, is that according to the modal fiction, or according to the fiction of possible worlds there is a (merely possible) sculpture I could have spent this morning making, and there is an (unactualised) outcome of the toss in which the coin came down tails. What is said in talk about merely possible worlds and merely possible objects is generally literally false, but the slightly more longwinded talk about what is true according to the fiction of possible worlds is literally true. One might think (as Hinckfuss 1993 does) that talk about possible worlds is (or should be) governed by implicit presuppositions known to be false so that what is said in the language of possible worlds does not commit one to the existence of possible worlds, but only to some more economical proposition: something of the kind "if there were possible worlds of such-and-such a sort, then …", or "given the presupposition that there are possible worlds, …". Or you might have some other account of the functioning of talk about possible worlds: Nolt 1986 suggests we should take typical "possibilistic discourse" to be a game of make-believe (Nolt 1986, p. 440), and while Nolt does not tell us specifically what theory of make-believe he has in mind, there are many theories of make-believe (most famously Walton 1990) that might be employed by a modal fictionalist to explain the behaviour of our typical utterances about possible worlds. Stephen Yablo (Yablo 1996) is one person who employs Walton's theory in his fictionalism (or, as he prefers in Yablo 2001, figuralism) about possible worlds.
The main benefit which a fictional approach to possible worlds offers is, of course, the advantage of using the language of possible worlds, without the stiff ontological cost of literal commitment to such worlds. It is an especially tempting account of merely possible objects (like blue swans, or dragons, or the Holy New Zealand Empire): even those who accept some abstractionist account of possible worlds (see van Inwagen 1986) might well be reluctant to accept the literal existence of their contents. After all, it is often thought that the distinguishing mark of merely possible objects is that they do not actually exist.
Central to fictionalist treatments of possible worlds are biconditionals connecting truths about necessity and possibility, on the one hand, and the contents of the modal fiction, on the other. Central biconditionals will be all the instances of the following schemas (where P expresses a proposition):
Possibly P iff according to the fiction of possible worlds, P is true at some possible world.
Necessarily P iff according to the fiction of possible worlds, P is true at all possible worlds.
Either schema will be adequate to yield the other, given the standard inter-definition of possibility and necessity, provided enough logical machinery is available for reasoning within the scope of the "according to the fiction" operator. As a matter of fact, the above is a simplification, since, according to Rosen (1990, p 335), what is true according to the fiction of possible worlds may be only a proposition connected with P: the paraphrase of P into the language of possible worlds. In general, for Rosen, this will be the analysis of P in Lewis's theory of possible worlds. Rosen states the form of the fictionalist biconditionals at its most general as:
P iff according to PW, P*.
where "PW" is the fiction of possible worlds, P is any proposition, and P* is its possible-worlds "paraphrase" (Rosen 1990, p. 335). In simple cases the above biconditionals will do as they are: for example,
Possibly, pigs fly iff according to the fiction of possible worlds (or according to PW), at some possible world, pigs fly.
In less straightforward cases, however, the proposition expressed by P* may have to differ from that expressed by P.[1] Fictionalists may also employ other biconditionals when constructing their fiction — one example is a biconditional to ensure that every proposition that is (really) true is according to the fiction true in the actual world.[2] A modal fiction may require more contents than those yielded by such biconditionals: what other contents the fiction of possible worlds might contain is an important question, and one unsurprisingly which different modal fictionalists will answer differently.
Many fictionalists are far from explicit about exactly what the content of the fiction of possible worlds is to be. (Often they are also silent on the pressing issue of how one would justify one fiction rather than another: but more on this in section 4). Two explicit proposals were made in 1989 and 1990 about which fiction to use. Gideon Rosen's 1990 proposed using a slightly modified version of David Lewis's 1986 theory of possible worlds as the modal fiction. The theory had been proposed by Lewis as the literal truth, but by treating it as a mere fiction Rosen provided a ready-made story about possible worlds, their extent and nature. The other proposal was that of D.M. Armstrong's 1989. Armstrong proposed a "two-step" fiction, according to which there was a "great fiction", which asserted the existence of a lot of "little fictions", each of which completely described a possible world. Armstrong resisted identifying these complete descriptions of ways things could be with the possible worlds, as an abstractionist might, since Armstrong believed that worlds are supposed to be objects like our cosmos, rather than descriptions, properties, or other such abstract objects. Armstrong employed the two stage fiction, on the other hand, because he held that it is true at each world that it is the only world, and if the fiction were of a Lewisian pluriverse each world would (according to the fiction) be such that it was one of many worlds. In this respect, though Armstrong spells out the concern in quite a different manner, it can be seen as an anticipation of the Brock/Rosen objection (see section 3, below). In both the theories of Armstrong and Rosen the "worlds" in the story are thought to be 'concrete' cosmoi, like our own.[3]
A third systematic attempt to specify something like a modal fiction is worth noting here. Theodore Sider defends an "ersatz pluriverse" view in Sider 2002, according to which possible worlds talk should be understood as talk about what is true according to what is true according to a pluriverse sentence that Sider specifies. Sider constructs this sentence, that simultaneously describes all the possible worlds and their relationships, using a range of constraints including the constraint that de dicto necessity claims that are in fact true are true of all the worlds of the described pluriverse. Sider distinguishes his view from Rosen-style modal fictionalism, particularly because Sider thinks that the "according to" he needs should not be understood as the sort of "according to the fiction" operator he takes Rosen's to be. So while Sider's view probably should not be classed as a variety of modal fictionalism, it is a close cousin. Berit Brogaard argues that Sider's view is inferior to her preferred form of modal fictionalism in Brogaard 2006.
For any set of principles governing the fiction of possible worlds, the question obviously arises as to why that set should be chosen. Alternatively, there are many stories we could tell about other worlds (whether they are cosmoi or fictional abstract objects), and the question arises as to why one rather than any other be chosen to be the modal fiction. (One could of course be more pluralist than this, and allow that different fictions are suitable for different purposes. The relativised question may still be asked, however: why this fiction, rather than any other, for this particular purpose?). This task of selecting and justifying one or more particular stories about worlds will be one of the challenges discussed in section 4. However, the next distinction to be discussed makes a big difference to what sort of answer to this question will be acceptable.
This next distinction concerns the role the modal fiction is to play in the theory. Is the fiction of possible worlds intended to provide an explanation of the applicability modal vocabulary, or not? The view that the truth of modal claims depends on, or is to be explained by, the contents of the fiction of possible worlds is often called "strong modal fictionalism", following Rosen's description of such a view (Rosen 1990, p. 354, Nolan 1997a). The view that modal truth does not depend on the contents of the modal fiction (and usually, that what the contents of the modal fiction are depends on the modal truth), on the other hand, is known as "timid modal fictionalism", again following Rosen (Rosen 1990, p. 354).
Both the view put forward by Armstrong 1989 and the primary view discussed (but not endorsed) by Rosen 1990 seem to have been fictionalisms of the 'strong' kind (see Nolan 1997a, p. 263). 'Timid' fictionalism about possible worlds is also mentioned by Rosen 1990, and has been endorsed in passing by Field (1989, p. 41, 86). Sider 2002 is also on the 'timid' side, not seeking an analysis at least of basic de dicto necessity. A modal fictionalist theory which sees the fiction of possible worlds as providing the resources for an analysis of modal statements would of course do important theoretical work: since the analysis of claims involving modal operators is among the most controversial and difficult issues in metaphysics. The downside is that strong modal fictionalism seems to face serious objections: see section 4.
Apart from any objections that might be leveled at strong modal fictionalism, the advocate of this variety of modal fictionalism faces the challenge of stating the contents of the modal fiction without relying on modal notions in a way that would make the explanation of those modal notions circular. Since the fiction explains the truth of modal claims, explaining the content of the modal fiction by reference to modal claims would be circular (e.g. by stipulating that all of the propositions which are necessary hold in all worlds, or that objects have in all worlds in which they exist the properties which they in fact have essentially). Stating, in non-modal terms, general principles about possible worlds that would enable one to determine, when presented with a proposition, whether it holds at all worlds, at some but not others, or none, is a difficult and controversial matter. Plausibly, a strong modal fictionalist will owe us such a non-modal specification of the contents of the modal fiction, if our understanding of the contents of the modal fiction is to allow us a useful method of assessing the truth of modal claims. Furthermore the strong modal fictionalist seems committed to there being a fact of the matter about the content of the modal fiction which is not itself to be explained or analysed in terms of further modal facts of the matter.
One particularly pressing instance of this difficulty (noted e.g. by Rosen 1990, p. 344) is the problem of how to understand the "according to the fiction of possible worlds…" operator. Natural initial glosses, as Rosen points out, include:
If PW were true, then P would be true; If we suppose PW, P follows; It would be impossible for PW to be true without P being true as well. (Rosen 1990, p. 344)
The problem is that these seem modal. Rosen offers several possible responses the fictionalist could make to this problem. He could admit that his theory does indeed contain a modal primitive, but claim nevertheless that it is some sort of advance in analysis, reducing all modal primitives to one. (Though as Rosen says, "According to the fiction of possible worlds" seems like a very odd primitive.) Or he could instead attempt to spell out the prefix in a non-modal way. This has not to date been attempted by many avowed modal fictionalists, but is one of the many tasks facing a modal fictionalist who sees the invocation of the fiction as the method for analysing or explaining modality.
If the modal fictionalist were only timid, on the other hand, then the fictionalist biconditional could be used to generate a great deal of the content of the modal fiction: whether or not the fiction claims that a given proposition is true in all possible worlds (or all accessible worlds) depends on whether that proposition is indeed necessarily true; whether or not a proposition is true at some world (or some accessible world) depends on whether it is possibly true; and so on. Furthermore, an analysis of truth in fiction in terms of some modal notion (whether a counterfactual conditional, strict implication, or whatever) would not make the account circular, since analysing modal discourse would be no part of the purpose of the fictional machinery. One recent worked-out modal fictionalist approach which explicitly analyses the relevant "according to the modal fiction" operator in terms of modal operators is Divers 1999b. Among other benefits, Divers argues that this sort of definition enables one to prove a "modal safety result": that when we have two modal claims A and B, and we have the possible-worlds-analogues of the two modal claims (call them A* and B* respectively), "Necessarily, if B* is a consequence of A* then B is a consequence of A" (Divers 1999b, p. 330). Such a safety result would be welcome, for it would provide the guarantee we needed that "detouring" in our reasoning through claims like A* and B* would not lead us astray when trying to determine whether B followed from A.
A drawback of timid modal fictionalism is that it leaves the important issue of a theory of modality to one side. Without some other positive story, even if it were primitivism about modality, it might seem that it would be difficult to motivate timid fictionalism over agnosticism about the status of possible worlds. Many of the leading candidates for analysis of modal claims are those that explain the truth of modal claims in terms of the literal existence and nature of possible worlds, so without a positive alternative story, it might seem premature to reject this style of explanation of modality. However, the project of endorsing fictionalism about possible worlds and possible objects without endorsing the further claim that this fiction provides the material to explain or analyse our modal notions, while in some ways less philosophically interesting than its strong cousin, is proportionally less open to serious objections.
Modal fictionalism can be interpreted as a descriptive theory of what our talk in fact amounts to, or as a normative proposal for how we should use talk of possible worlds. (In the terminology of Burgess and Rosen 1997, this is the distinction between a "hermeneutic" construal of modal fictionalism and a "revolutionary" construal of modal fictionalism). If the theory is that in fact we take possible worlds to be no more than convenient fictions, and, in the case of strong modal fictionalism, that facts about the content and nature of the fiction of possible worlds explain and/or provide the basis of the analysis of our modal locutions, then the theory is descriptive. This sociological claim that most philosophers who talk about possible worlds take this talk to be analogous to talk of e.g. ideal gases is a dubious one: my own impression is that modal fictionalism is a minority view amongst those philosophers who work extensively on the philosophy of possible worlds and its applications, though perhaps fictionalism might be the majority view when all who have opinions on possible worlds are taken into account.
In any case, fictionalism about possible worlds might be important even if the descriptive version is incorrect. A normative claim to the effect that talk of possible worlds ought to be interpreted as merely fictional discourse, or the corresponding strong fictionalist claim that modal statements ought to be reinterpreted so as to be explained or analysed as statements about the content of the fiction of possible worlds, might be found attractive even if it were conceded that most people who employed the discourse were not talking fictively, or that the actual commitments of the folk and most philosophers who employ everyday modal idiom are to be cashed out in some other way (e.g. as implicit commitment to some false theory, perhaps one which took modal statements to have truth conditions in terms of an objective modal reality).
The two questions, of whether the fictionalist theory is supposed to describe our current practice, and whether it is supposed to describe a practice we should adopt instead of realism, are independent. Two people could agree that normal usage of possible-worlds talk is not intended literally, but disagree about whether we should accept the literal existence of possible worlds (that is, they could be descriptive fictionalists while disagreeing about the normative question), and likewise two people could be normative fictionalists, and claim that we should take ordinary possible worlds talk as being only fictionally true or appropriate, while disagreeing about whether in fact current usage reflects this fictionalism or instead reveals non-fictionalist commitments among the users of the vocabulary. (This independence may be overlooked if we employ Burgess and Rosen's vocabulary, which suggests that fictionalists face a binary choice of a "hermeneutic" fictionalist approach or a "revisionary" approach.)
Unfortunately, modal fictionalists have often not been explicit about whether their theory is to be an analysis of the possible-worlds talk and perhaps modal discourse which is actually employed, or a normative suggestion about how we might move to a superior theory. It is to be hoped that those seeking to provide a fully worked out modal fictionalist position would make more explicit the status of their proposal.
So far, it has been taken for granted that the modal fictionalist treats ordinary modal claims as sometimes literally true, and it is only claims about possible worlds and their contents which the modal fictionalist will wish to claim are literally false, but true according to a story. A more radical modal fictionalism is possible: one in which modal claims themselves (such as the claim that there could have been blue swans, or that necessarily, everything is self-identical) are not literally true, but only true according to a fiction. (In Nolan 1997a I called a version of modal fictionalism which took both claims about possible worlds and modal claims to be true only according to fictions broad modal fictionalism.)
Such extended fictionalism about modality could, I think, come in two main varieties. One would maintain that modal operators (and associated pieces of language like essential predication, counterfactual conditionals, and perhaps other things like assignments of probabilities) lacked literal application: that all statements prefixed with a modal operator were either uniformly literally truthvalueless or uniformly literally false. This faces several immediate formal difficulties, given the usual characterisation of the modal operators.[4]
A less blanket rejection of modality might only insist on the falsehood of some modal claims: think of the analogy of a moral nihilist who rejects only "positive" moral claims, such as that taking property without permission is wrong, or that it is good to help the ill, but accepts that it is not wrong to take property without permission (since nothing is wrong) and that it is not good to help the ill (since nothing is good). This fictionalist about modality might reject the literal truth of all claims about necessity, for example (and, in virtue of the interdefinition, accept the literal truth of all possibility claims). Or she might assert as little as is needed to preserve the basic modal inferences from actuality: for example, every true P is possibly true, and actually true, but this is the limit of literal modal truth. This would be more analogous to the fictionalist about possible worlds who nevertheless thinks that there is one possible world — the actual, and one collection of possible objects — the actual objects.
Fictionalism of this sort extending to modal discourse as well should be a position worthy of investigation by those attracted to fictionalist strategies and mistrustful of modality. Since it seems to lack contemporary advocates, however, it shall not be dwelled upon here.[5]
Modal fictionalism has traditionally been conceived as fictionalism about possible worlds, and implicitly also about their contents. One natural way to extend modal fictionalism so understood is to admit impossible worlds as well. Use of a fiction of impossible worlds is unlikely to seem too extravagant for many modal fictionalists, but it might also provide a mechanism for non-fictionalists about possible worlds to talk of impossible worlds without the extra theoretical costs they fear. So there is a partially fictionalist option of being a realist of some stripe about possible worlds but a fictionalist about impossible worlds (and perhaps other situations, e.g. incomplete or underdetermined ones). This partial fictionalism will face some of the same sorts of questions, and employ the same sorts of strategies, as modal fictionalism about possible worlds.
Another mixed strategy is rarely explicitly endorsed, though it may be implicit in many theorists' talk. By far the majority of realists about possible worlds take them to be abstract objects of some sort: sets of sentences or propositions, uninstantiated world-properties, or unactualised maximal facts, or perhaps even as sui generis simples. However, their approach to merely possible objects is often less explicitly spelled out. As well as possible worlds, merely possible objects such as blue swans, my counterparts, Newtonian masses, XYZ, and many others are discussed and quantified over. Some abstractionists will wish to identify such merely possible objects with actual abstract objects — perhaps uninstantiated properties that are less than world-properties, descriptions of parts of worlds, set-theoretic representatives, or whatever. But many more will not. This is for at least three reasons. The first is the intuition, never entirely quelled, that a merely possible blue swan should be blue and a swan. Abstract objects are rarely, if ever, either. The second is that it is often thought that the whole point about merely possible objects is that they do not exist, but might have. Admitting their literal existence by identifying them with actual existing abstract objects will go against the grain for many. Finally, many theories of possible worlds lack obvious candidates to play the roles of merely possible objects. This is most obvious for those theories that take possible worlds to be simples, but it is also not straightforward to divide a set of propositions into "object shaped" components, or to distinguish one merely possible object from its duplicates if one identifies worlds with world-properties, and furthermore seeks to divide these up to yield merely possible less-than-world-sized objects. Fictionalism about merely possible objects is an underappreciated theory, and should perhaps recommend itself to more abstractionists about possible worlds than it in fact does.
A theory that holds that possible worlds are to be treated as having the status of fictional objects immediately gives rise to questions about the status of fictions and fictional objects more generally. The issue of how to understand the "according to the fiction…" operator has already been mentioned. Other issues in the treatment of fiction are the question of whether "theoretical" fictions are to be seen in the same light as literary fictions, and the question of what ontological status fictions possess.
There is room in principle to distinguish claims about paradigmatically fictional characters (like Sherlock Holmes or hobbits) from the treatment one wishes to apply to claims which serve useful theoretical purposes but which are not to be taken literally, or at least not at face value: to distinguish "fabulous" and "fictional" entities, to use Bentham's not entirely perspicuous terminology (Bentham 1959). One might wish to do this, for example, if one thought that paradigmatic story-telling consisted of utterances that were not truth-apt (not anyway through the same mechanism as ordinary utterances), while claims about, say, ideal gases were better construed as standard sorts of assertions that were literally false. In practice, however, recent modal fictionalism discussions have proceeded as if the theory holds that possible worlds are fictional in the fullest sense of the word.
The ontological status of fictions is an important issue to settle if we are to determine whether modal fictionalism is any advance metaphysically on rival realist theories of possible worlds. On pain of circularity, the ontology of fiction, as conceived by the fictionalist, had best not include possible worlds (as the ontology of fiction offered in Lewis 1978 does), but there are other sources of concern. Rosen points out that fictionalists must believe in fictions, stories, theories, or somesuch, and that if these are construed as abstract objects, they will not be philosophically uncontroversial (Rosen 1990, p. 338). Rosen argues that belief in abstract objects like stories and theories is less revisionary than belief in Lewisian possible worlds, at least. However, it is hardly clear that an ontology of abstract representational entities is any more or less objectionable than the ontology of abstractionist theories of possible worlds. (Lycan 1993, p. 16, Nolan 1997a, pp. 271-273). Alternatively, fictionalists could commit themselves to more concrete, "nominalistically respectable" fictions only: the relevant fictions or theories of possible worlds might be conceived of only as ink-marks on pieces of paper, or information states inside brains, or perhaps as some amalgam of these and other actual, concrete ontology. This approach is not problem-free either (see section 4): it is far from clear that it will serve as a basis for paradigm fictions, let alone be enough to explain possible worlds.
There are a variety of technical objections to modal fictionalism, and if these objections succeeded they would derail specific proposals like that of Rosen 1990 and perhaps cause difficulties for modal fictionalism in general. The most discussed of these objections is the Brock/Rosen objection, an objection to the theory of Rosen 1990, published independently in Brock 1993 and Rosen 1993. (In the case of Rosen 1993, a variety was also leveled at the fictionalism of Armstrong 1989).
The reader is advised to consult Brock 1993 and Rosen 1993 for an exact statement of their objections, but in essence the problem arises when we consider the modal status of certain claims about possible worlds themselves. One of the principal fictionalist biconditionals, as we have seen, is the biconditional connecting necessary truths and what the fiction asserts about all possible worlds:
Necessarily P iff, according to the modal fiction, at all worlds, P*,
where P* is the possible-worlds paraphrase of P. According to the fiction employed by Rosen 1990 (i.e. the theory which David Lewis offers as fact), there are many co-existing concrete possible worlds — each one its own cosmos. Furthermore, this claim is true at any of these possible worlds. So, according to the modal fiction, at all worlds it is true that there are many other possible worlds. However, it follows from the biconditional that since, according to the modal fiction, at all worlds, there are many possible worlds, it follows that necessarily, there are many possible worlds. Since necessarily P implies P, it follows that there are (literally!) many possible worlds. But the whole point of modal fictionalism was to deny (or at least avoid asserting) that there were many possible worlds. So modal fictionalism, at least of the variety described, is self-refuting.
So the objection goes. (The version presented above is Brock's from Brock 1993 — for some of the detail of Rosen's argument, see below or Rosen 1993.) Two direct responses have been offered to this problem in the literature. The first, by Peter Menzies and Philip Pettit (Menzies and Pettit 1994), conceded that the objection "is decisive against the letter of the Rosen proposal" (p. 29), and sought to provide modified fictionalist biconditionals to produce a modal fictionalist theory which would not be susceptible to the Brock/Rosen objection. Nolan and O'Leary-Hawthorne 1996 produced a version of the Brock/Rosen objection which they believed circumvented the Menzies and Pettit solution offered in section 3 of Menzies and Pettit's paper. Section 5 of Menzies and Pettit gave another translation scheme meant to avoid the Brock/Rosen objection; it is argued in the following supplementary document that this scheme too is unsatisfactory.
[Supplementary Document: A Persisting Problem For Fictionalism About Possible Worlds]
I shall not dwell on the details of the Menzies/Pettit position, since the other response to the Brock/Rosen objection has been more influential: the response of Noonan 1994. Noonan claims that the Brock/Rosen objection is not even successful against the letter of the original proposal in Rosen 1990 (Noonan 1994, p. 133). He argues that careful attention to the procedures actually given by Lewis (Lewis 1968) for paraphrasing modal claims into claims in the language of possible worlds will show that "according to the fiction of possible worlds, at any world, there are many worlds" will not be able to be derived, and so the move to "necessarily, there are many worlds" cannot be carried through. Thus if the fictionalist sticks closely to the possible-worlds "translations" given in Lewis 1968, s/he will be able to avoid the threatened collapse.
The way the Brock/Rosen objection is raised by Rosen begins with an apparently harmless statement of contingency: (numbering of claims are Rosen's, and while Brock and Rosen's presentations are reasonably informal, the formal translations are given by Noonan, and his numberings for those are provided)
(2) Necessarily, it is contingent whether kangaroos exist
or to put it in formal modal logic (Kx = x is a kangaroo):
□ (◊∃xKx & ◊¬∃xKx)
From this, Rosen claims, the "standard analysis" delivers:
(3) At all worlds, there are worlds where kangaroos exist and worlds where they don't.
Ignoring for our purposes the complications which need to be introduced if we are to add accessibility relations between worlds, the Lewis 1968 equivalent of (2) is
(3L) ∀w(Ww→ ∃w′(Ww′ & ∃x(Ixw′ & Kx)) & ∃w″(Ww″ & ¬∃x(Ixw″ & Kx))))
Noonan points out that this formula does not imply
(4L) ∀w(Ww→ ∃w′(Ww′ & Iw′w & ∃w″(Ww″ & Iw″w & ¬w′=w″)))
which is the formula required in Lewis 1968 to be able to move back to "necessarily, there are two worlds", and which is the formula Brock and Rosen would need to derive if they were to show that Rosen's (2) (or Brock's equivalent) led the modal fictionalist to have to say that there are literally several worlds. The reason why (3L) does not imply (4L) is that it is not enough for there to be two worlds at a given world (V, let us call it) that there be existential quantification over two worlds within the scope of an existential quantifier committing us to V: the two worlds must also be "in" V, in the sense that the two place predicate "I" must hold between V and each of the worlds. This is what happens in (4L), but it does not happen in (3L), where there are two existential quantifiers over worlds in the scope of the outside universal quantifier, but where the worlds existentially quantified over are not asserted to be "in" any of the worlds w.
Rosen 1995 has accepted Noonan's resolution of the problem apparently posed by the Brock/Rosen objection. Rosen has thus changed his preferred proposal, so that instead of a general endorsement of the position outlined by Lewis 1986, Rosen's recommendation for modal fictionalists now relies more heavily on Lewis 1968. Instead of the simpler biconditionals discussed near the beginning of this entry and in Rosen 1990, the revised proposal is to take equivalences asserted by Lewis 1968 between modal claims and claims couched in terms of quantification over possible worlds, and treat those equivalences instead as specifying connections between modal statements and claims about what is true according to the fiction. If a modal claim is literally true, its associated world-claim is true according to the fiction, and vice versa.
So the state of play seems to be this: while the Brock/Rosen style objection remains something for a modal fictionalist to be wary of when constructing the fiction of possible worlds, it is possible to avoid the objection by being suitably careful about what fictionalist biconditionals to employ: and if Noonan is right, strict adherence to the fictionalist modification of the equivalences offered by Lewis 1968 provides one suitable way of being careful. It is not uncontroversial, of course, that Noonan's strategy is the one a modal fictionalist should employ: Divers 1999a and 1999b, Kim 2002 and Divers and Hagen 2006 argue that it is not.
How best to respond to the Brock-Rosen objection continues to be a matter for debate: both Liggins forthcoming and Woodward forthcoming offer alternatives for the modal fictionalist.
Bob Hale (in Hale 1995b) posed a dilemma for modal fictionalism (more specifically, Rosen's version of modal fictionalism, though other varieties face a similar dilemma). A modal fictionalist who maintains the version outlined in Rosen 1990 believes that the fiction of possible worlds (PW) is not literally true. A question arises about the modal status of the fiction: is it necessarily false, or contingently false? In either case, Hale argues, the modal fictionalist is in trouble.
Should modal fictionalists claim that the story of possible worlds is necessarily false, then Hale argues that they cannot gloss their "according to the fiction of possible worlds …." prefix as "were the fiction of possible worlds true, then … would be true". This is because, according to Hale, conditional claims with antecedents which are necessarily false are automatically true, so if the fiction of possible worlds is taken to be necessarily false, then all conditionals of the form "were the fiction of possible worlds true then …" are true, and not merely the ones that the modal fictionalist wishes to endorse. If the modal fiction is to be useful, not everything should be true according to it: examples of claims that had better not be true according to it include the claim that 2+2=7, or the claim that there are no possible worlds.
On the other hand, if the fiction of possible worlds (PW) is only contingently false, Hale claims this also lands the Rosen's fictionalism in trouble, since if its falsehood is only contingent, then the fiction might have been literally true (or it is possible that the fiction be true). But according to Hale the "official fictionalist paraphrase" of what this possibility would amount to "cannot adequately capture the content of the claim that possibly PW is true". (p 65) Hale claims this is so because the claim "According to PW, there is a possible world at which PW is true" is equivalent for Rosen's fictionalist to "If PW were true, there would be a world at which PW is true": and this conditional is one which would be true whether or not PW was true.
A modal fictionalist might try to resist either horn of the dilemma. On the first horn, modal fictionalists might employ another gloss on what it is to be true according to PW, or they might endorse one of the various theories of conditionals on which conditionals with necessarily false antecedents are not automatically true. On the second horn, even fictionalists who accepted that they were committed to analysing their claim that PW could have been true as "If PW were true, there would be a world at which PW is true" could dispute Hale's claim that this is inadequate (see for example Divers 1999b p 325-326).
A third option, explored by Rosen 1995, is not to take PW to be false, but rather altogether lacking a truth-value — e.g., in virtue of employing terms with no literal application, such as "… is a world-mate of…". Hale's dilemma is directed primarily against fictionalists who take the literal content of their fiction to be false, and those fictionalists prepared to ascribe some other status to their fictional claims avoid the dilemma as initially stated (though this route may encounter difficulties of its own, especially if it retains some sort of conditional analysis of the "according to PW" prefix).
Rosen 1995 and Divers 1999b are among the responses to Hale, and Hale has in turn responded to Rosen 1995 in Hale 1995a, where Hale argues that several of the responses suggested by Rosen in turn face serious problems.
In addition to the technical challenges facing modal fictionalism outlined in the previous section, modal fictionalism has been challenged on a number of less technical grounds. Not all of these challenges are equally cogent against every variety of modal fictionalism, and some explicitly have as their targets only some versions of the doctrine.
Fictions are human products: they have authors, and those authors have a good deal of control over what is true according to them (though some fashionable postmodernists might disagree). Alternatively, if it is thought that fictions are timeless Platonic abstract entities (sets of propositions, perhaps), we should say that which fictions we consider and express is a matter of human activity: and the 'authors' of those eternal Platonic fictions actually expressed have a good deal of control over which of a variety of such fictions they express. However, "theoretical fictions" introduced as an alternative to realist theories, and which are supposed to play a serious role in inquiry, do not seem to be able to be as arbitrary. Not any old story told about possible worlds will serve as the modal fiction, at least if it is to provide the heuristic and other advantages of talk about possible worlds. The suspicion is that in some respects talk of possible worlds cannot be like paradigm fiction, since the 'choice' of which story about possible worlds should count as the modal fiction is not as up to us as what to say about Sherlock Holmes was up to Conan Doyle.[6]
Modal fictionalists can certainly respond to the more general worry that fictionalism makes it too arbitrary which particular story about possible worlds ought to be employed. After all, the purposes of the fiction constrain what sorts of fiction are suitable, just as not any old story about a gas will serve to provide an "ideal gas" which has a behaviour approximated by real gases. Some story must be told about what sorts of constraints are appropriate, and why: and this can be difficult in its own right (see the "which fiction should be employed" section, below). Even if there are substantial constraints on what story will be adequate, and these constraints are not due merely to facts about us or our choices, there may still be some scope for the story to be artificial to a small degree, for some points of detail may be left underdetermined by the constraints. This may also be considered a problem, but it is unlikely to be fatal.
There is a more specific worry that remains even if a suitable account of what constraints there are on the modal fiction can be given. This is that it is too contingent a matter whether there is a modal fiction at all. After all, if there had never been any sentient creatures, no stories would ever have been told, and even if the modal fiction is construed as a Platonic entity (a collection of propositions, perhaps), it may never have been a fiction if it was never expressed by story-tellers. (Of course if nothing hangs on whether or not it is a fiction, then this will not worry the Platonist modal fictionalist). This worry, again, is particularly pressing if modal truth is to depend on the contents of the fiction, since it does not seem that whether or not blue swans are possible, for example, depends on whether or not anyone ever told stories. There are responses to this worry, and responses to these responses: see Nolan 1997a or Kim 2005.
Fictions are often incomplete: they are silent about some issues. The Sherlock Holmes stories make no representation one way or the other about the exact population of India, or whether the number of hairs on Dr Watson's head is odd or even. Arguably, the modal fiction will be incomplete too: there will be some propositions such that neither they nor their negations will be true according to the fiction. This prospect raises several worries.
First, there is the "incompleteness problem" discussed by Rosen in Rosen 1990, pp. 341-345. There are some modal issues (and corresponding issues about the nature of possible worlds) that a realist may well be silent on: not because they believe there is no answer, but rather because they believe themselves ignorant of the answer. A fictionalist who treats the realist's theory as a fiction, on the other hand, will be silent upon the same issues — but this can lead to a more serious problem. If the fiction is silent on an issue (Rosen's example concerns the size of worlds), it is not that the issue is unknown — it is that the fiction does not represent a fact of the matter one way or the other. So it might appear for the fictionalist there is not an unknown modal fact — either the claim is false because the corresponding worlds-claim is not true according to the fiction, or something involving a truth-value gap is going on. Rosen also discusses what effect this might have on modal claims corresponding to such silences. A detailed discussion and critique of Rosen on this issue can be found in the following supplementary document:
[Supplementary Document: Rosen's Incompleteness Worry]
What is uncontentious is that modal fictionalists operating with fictions which are incomplete in the way, e.g., that the fiction of Rosen 1990 is, will face difficulties, or at least departures from orthodoxy which will be found unattractive by some.
Another "incompleteness" worry in the literature is that expressed in Nolan 1997a. This is also a worry that the modal fiction will not represent as much as is desirable, though the concern is not confined to those areas in which realists might confess ignorance. (The concern resembles an objection Lewis brings against "sparse linguistic ersatzism" in Lewis 1986, pp. 142-165.) A modal fiction, to be adequate, must represent a very great deal about possible worlds, since there are infinitely many claims about possible worlds that must be part of the content of the fiction if there are to be enough possible-worlds claims to correspond to all the modal claims we would accept. Only a tiny proportion of the propositions about possible worlds needed will be able to be stated explicitly by the modal fictionalist: constraints of time and space and publication costs will mean that the fictionalist will need to describe the fictional worlds in only a few volumes, while an exhaustive explicit description of even a single possible world as complex as our actual world is beyond our finite resources.
What modal fictions will presumably have, however, are generalisations about possible worlds: for instance, principles of recombination and plenitude, principles about what truths are respected by all worlds, and so on. The modal fictionalist might reasonably hope that these generalisations imply all of the specific claims needed by the fiction. Implication is, however, a modal notion: not that this is automatically a problem, but it will be a problem for the "strong" modal fictionalist, who seeks to reductively analyse modality in terms of what is true according to the fiction. The strong modal fictionalist's analysis will be circular if he has to appeal to something like implication (or related modal notions) to spell out what claims are represented as true by the fiction, as it seems he must if the bulk of the claims are to be represented only implicitly. It seems that a strong modal fictionalist will be stuck with a radically incomplete fiction, if he relies only on what his modal fiction explicitly says, or he faces the task of specifying the implicit content of the modal fiction without recourse to modal notions like implication.
A strong modal fictionalist could attempt to capture non-explicit content in ways that did not rely on modal resources: one way this could be attempted would be to offer a syntactic account (or some other non-modal account) of some sort of consequence relation, and to stipulate that the fiction is to be considered closed under the relation thus specified. However, this is not easy to do in such a way that all of the necessary semantic consequences are indeed "consequences" of the explicit generalisations given. Furthermore, success at this project threatens to undermine the strong modal fictionalist's project in another way: for if it was possible to give a specification of a relation of "consequence" without relying on primitive modal notions, and that did the work of semantic consequence, then this would offer an analysis of "broadly logical" consequence (and presumably related notions, such as logical necessity and possibility) directly, rather than in terms of what was true according to a modal fiction, thus making the strong modal fictionalist's analysis of modality in terms of the fiction redundant. So the strong modal fictionalist faces a serious challenge in providing a fiction capable of representing what is needed for his theory to be adequate.
An essential part of an adequate modal fictionalist theory is a specification of the fiction of possible worlds which is to be employed. As well as selecting one of the many potential candidate stories about worlds, it is also essential to provide an explanation and justification of the choice. This is very rarely done by modal fictionalists (Armstrong 1989 provides an exception). This is<|fim_middle|> many other challenges, timid modal fictionalism can immediately provide the outlines of an answer to this question. (Though it is to be remembered that timid modal fictionalism is able to avoid so many theoretical difficulties only because the fiction is not asked to do much theoretical work). If the truths of possibility and necessity (and conditionality, and other modal truths) obtain without dependence on the content of the modal fiction, it is surely reasonable to suppose that whichever fiction it is correct to employ, it must respect those independently obtaining modal truths. Strong modal fictionalists must also ensure that the contents of the fiction are associated with the modal claims they wish to make in the appropriate way, of course, but this will be of less help to them in establishing the content of the modal fiction. For if the content of the modal fiction is to explain the truth of the modal claims, it must be able to be fixed independently, on pain of circularity. This is especially so if the strong modal fictionalist holds, as one well might, that it is our understanding of the modal fiction that provides (perhaps implicitly) our epistemic access to which modal claims are true and which false. Giving a non-circular specification of the content of the modal fiction is one of the very difficult challenges facing the strong modal fictionalist.
While strong modal fictionalists cannot appeal to an independently constituted body of modal truths, one thing they can do is insist that the modal fiction respect our ordinary modal judgments: that is, that by and large if we accept a modal claim as true, the associated claim involving possible worlds will be true according to the modal fiction. (Rosen 1990, p. 337, speaks of the desideratum that modal fictionalism "ratify a substantial body of prior modal opinion".) This is presumably not to forbid any departures from our pre-theoretic modal judgements, should they be required, but it would provide a way even for the strong fictionalist to rule out gratuitous departures from our modal opinions.
The next obvious source of content for the modal fiction is the literal truth about our actual world (Rosen 1990, p. 335). The addition of all literally true non-modal propositions (in a suitable sense of "non-modal") to the fiction as part of its description of the actual world is useful, since it provides a rich source of content that can be extended by, for instance, a principle of recombination, to yield claims about non-actual worlds. It would also seem to be required, for if the fiction fails to be committed to the actual world verifying a certain non-modal truth q, the inference from q to Actually-q and back will be jeopardised. Some particular non-modal truths may prove especially useful: Armstrong 1989 pp 138-139 mentions analytic truths, truths in virtue of the meanings of terms, in this connection. One can either add the actual-world non-modal content by including an "encyclopedia" in the fiction, as Rosen does, or one could allow it in by, for example, stipulating as extra bridge-laws biconditionals of the form:
P iff According to PW, at the actual world, P
for all non-modal propositions P.
As well as conformity with our pre-theoretic modal judgements and inclusion of an encyclopedia of actual non-modal truths, Rosen 1990 mentions another source of information to apply in specifying the modal fiction. We have practices of forming modal beliefs involving imagining situations in accord with principles of recombination, non-arbitrariness, and so on (p. 339-40). Rosen points out that while a realist has the challenge of explaining why this practice of imagining should be a guide to modal truth, the fictionalist need not face this challenge if those practices are part of the process of constructing the fiction of possible worlds. If the constraints, or limits, on our imaginative practices when considering hypothetical situations are vital in our practice of making many of our modal judgements, it would make sense to similarly constrain the modal fiction.
There are no doubt many other sorts of constraints which a modal fictionalist may appeal to in order to narrow down the class of fictions about possible worlds which are acceptable for her purposes. Even after all of these constraints are in place, however, there may still be the theoretical possibility that more than one fiction about possible worlds (complete or incomplete) satisfies them equally well. A fictionalist facing a choice between equally deserving fictions would need to address the issue of what attitude to take to other modal fictionalists who choose differently. (Should they be judged incorrect? Correct, because judgements about the content of the modal fiction are relative to which (acceptable) fiction is adopted? Or should they be judged to be talking about something else?). Or perhaps the fictionalist could find some way to avoid making the choice of one single fiction.
If the fictions disagreed sufficiently, there may even be fictions which meet the constraints but which differ on matters which are linked through the fictionalist's biconditionals with literal modal claims. (This is only possible if the modal truths themselves are not being appealed to as constraints on acceptable fictions, so is not a problem which faces the timid modal fictionalist). If the constraints are not enough to uniquely determine the truth-value of every modal claim, then not only the determinacy of the content of the fiction but the determinacy of the truth-value of some modal claims is at stake. Are those modal claims true or false, or neither? Might they be fiction-relative, so there are no-fault disagreements about them?
This is not the place to attempt to settle the matter of whether constraints are likely to uniquely determine a modal fiction, nor whether it would be genuinely objectionable if they did not do so. Rather, the issues are mentioned as ones to be kept in mind when formulating or defending a modal fictionalist theory.
Metaphysical theories often rely on resources which are taken as "primitive": roughly, theoretical resources which are not to be further explained or analysed. Different theories of the same subject matter will often take different resources to be primitive, and while it is a difficult question to decide whether one set of primitives is better or worse than another, evaluation of the relative simplicity, naturalness, or other merits of theoretical primitives is part of the evaluation of rival theories. This sort of comparison can can be especially relevant in areas where disputes between rival theories are not to be settled easily by experiment or observation. Such disputes make up one of the battlegrounds between fictionalists and their rivals, with anti-fictionalists claiming that the unanalysed theoretical resources which fictionalists rely on render fictionalist theories unattractive, or at least relatively unattractive compared to some rival or other.
The central piece of theoretical machinery the modal fictionalist employs is the "According to PW …" operator. When it is glossed in tempting ways, as "if PW were true, then …" or "it follows from PW that …", it seems to be a modal notion: and if this is not to be further explained, the modal fictionalist cannot use the fiction of possible worlds and its contents as the basis of a reductive analysis of modality. This will only be of concern to some modal fictionalists, of course — timid fictionalists will not have been looking for a reductive analysis of modality based on their fiction in the first place — and some timid fictionalists such as Divers 1999b explicitly endorse modal explanations of the fictionalist operator (Divers 1999b p 335). Such fictionalists may be happy to take advantage of possible analyses of "according to the fiction" operators in modal terms, and in so doing provide an answer to the question of how to understand such expressions: but on the other hand, their position may not be attractive to someone primarily concerned to analyse modal operators. (Even timid fictionalism is compatible with a reductionist account of modality, of course, since the timid fictionalist may seek to explain modality in some other terms. It is just that it is not hospitable to reductionist accounts of modality in terms of possible worlds).
A fictionalist who wishes to provide an analysis of modality, on the other hand, had better not take their "according to PW …" operator to be analysed in terms of standard modal devices, or alternatively in terms of possible worlds (see Rosen 1990, pp. 344-345). The canonical version of the theory that Rosen presents takes the "According to PW …" operator to be a primitive one: that is, one which is not to be further analysed, in modal or non-modal terms (Rosen 1995, p. 70). Rosen points out that one might think that his favoured prefix is a modal locution, and if so even his position cannot be said to entirely reduce the modal in favour of the non-modal (Rosen 1990, pp. 344-345). Nevertheless, as he points out, it may still be thought to be some theoretical advance to be able to explain all of the other modal notions using only this one. It is hard to know how the issue of whether or not "according to PW…" should count as a modal operator is to be decided: in any case, it will not be further pursued here.
Regardless of its status as a modal locution, Rosen recognizes that it is a very unsatisfying primitive: the notion of a proposition being true according to PW is an unlikely one to be considered basic and unanalysable. Whether or not this is a fatal flaw of Rosen's proposal is, he acknowledges, "a matter of somewhat delicate judgement" (Rosen 1990, p. 349). What he does have to say about it, however, is that arguably many realists about possible worlds have also not provided a satisfactory analysis of the "according to the fiction …" operator, and so face the same challenge.[7]
The issue of whether "According to PW…" is a satisfactory theoretical primitive is presumably partly to be settled by seeing what rival theories are possible, and what primitives they need to rely on to account for modality and for fiction. Beyond that, how to settle disputes about the relative attractiveness of primitives is a difficult issue in philosophical methodology. Taking such an apparently complex operator to be unanalysable looks unattractive (Nolan 1997a, pp. 273-274), but the position is perhaps not untenable. A better option for the modal fictionalist interested in analysing modality in terms of the modal fiction might be to attempt a non-modal explanation of what is true according to fiction. In any case, this problem, like many problems for modal fictionalism, does not arise for the timid modal fictionalist. For those fictionalists for which it is a problem, however, the unattractiveness and unintuitiveness of taking "According to PW…" or a similar device to be primitive remain a largely unaddressed challenge.
For modal fictionalism to become the preferred treatment of possible worlds, it must not only be able to perform adequately the tasks assigned to talk of possible worlds, it must also do better than its rivals, or at least possess virtues that those rivals lack. However, modal fictionalism faces a close rival that apparently shares its benefits and avoids some of its vices. Instead of a fiction of possible worlds, some rival views identify possible worlds with certain maximal representations. This sort of "abstractionist" view (following the terminology of Van Inwagen 1986), or "ersatz" view (in the terminology of Lewis 1986) is prima facie committed only to representations, as a modal fictionalist must it seems also be, but the abstractionist is a realist about possible worlds, and thus has prima facie a more straightforward approach than the fictionalist's.
This is particularly true in the case of the platonist modal fictionalist. If the modal fictionalist accepts that the modal fiction is a collection of platonistic propositions, then that very collection of propositions will also do as an abstractionist's "world book": and if the fiction provides a separate description of each possible world (or such a description can be constructed from the resources given), then these complete representations will just be those things which some abstractionists take to be possible worlds. A modal fictionalist may be driven to accept that the fiction is a collection of propositions in response to any of several objections: the worry about artificiality, the worry about incompleteness, or alternatively on more general grounds (given that taking fictions to be collections of propositions is attractive quite apart from considerations about modal fictionalism). (This worry is mentioned in Nolan 1997a p 272.)
Suppose that a modal fictionalist does accept an ontology of propositions rich enough to provide for maximal consistent collections of such propositions. Why then would fictionalism be preferred to abstractionism, or vice versa? Abstractionism would have the advantage of being a more straightforward treatment of normal quantification over possible worlds, since there would be no need to suppose that there is (or should be) a silent "according to the fiction of possible worlds" or "according to the presupposition that there are worlds" governing such possible-worlds talk. Nor would abstractionism face the technical challenges that fictionalism faces, since all the merely possible worlds would in fact exist; there would be no problem of switching back and forth between fictional and literal discourse. Furthermore, an abstractionist would not need to face the worries of accounting for the "according to the fiction…" operator: the abstractionist's overall theory would need to make room for this operator somewhere, but she could hold out the promise of being able to use modal locutions and talk of possible worlds in its explication without risk of circularity.
One reason that might be offered for preferring modal fictionalism to some form of abstractionism is that abstractionism faces a battery of well-known objections, levelled against it by Lewis 1986, chapter 3. (Rosen 1990 p 328-9 mentions this as a motivation for fictionalism against abstractionism.) It is far from clear that fictionalism avoids these objections, however: and it seems that fictionalism committed to Platonic propositions prima facie faces the same worries about representation, primitive modality, and mysterious ontology. Whether the abstractionist can answer Lewis's objections, and whether the fictionalist can answer or avoid them as well or better, is an issue beyond the scope of this entry. I merely note that the Platonist fictionalist in particular should be cautious in drawing too much comfort from these arguments.
Rosen 1990 suggests another reason. It might be thought that there are good arguments to show that possible worlds, if there are any such things, must be concrete cosmoi like the one in which we inhabit, and cannot be abstract objects, especially abstract objects like collections of Platonic propositions. (He assumes that this has been established for the purposes of his paper on p. 329.) Indeed, if there were arguments to show that collections of propositions were non-starters as candidates to be possible worlds, this would damn the project of abstractionist theories of this form. It is hard to find in Lewis, or elsewhere, arguments that our conception of possible worlds is so tied to their being concrete that we should prefer to believe that there were no merely possible worlds than to believe that they turn out to be abstract objects, however, though Armstrong 1989 (p 46, 49) offers this as a reason for being a fictionalist rather than an ersatzer (abstractionist).
Finally, a modal fictionalist might reject abstractionism because he rejects the associated ontology. This move does not seem open to a Platonist modal fictionalist, since the ontology is one of collections of propositions in both cases. A non-platonist fictionalist, who is happy to rely on fictions construed as collections of marks on paper, or noises in air, or perhaps a combination of these and mental states of speakers and listeners (or writers and readers), can then reject the abstractionist accounts of possible worlds at issue precisely because they are committed to abstract representing entities. Such a fictionalist needs to deal with the worries about artificiality and incompleteness (see above), which arise in more acute forms than face the platonist. He also has a further difficulty in that many accounts of fiction themselves refer to propositions, and are committed to them. The fictionalist who eschews propositions will need to provide an account of fiction and of sentences being true according to fictions compatible with repudiating commitment to propositions. This is not an easy task. However, if it could be carried out, it would be clear that in one respect at least — the respect of ontology — the fictionalist would have a theory with definite advantages over abstractionism. Since ontological concerns are among the primary motivations for modal fictionalism, this is no doubt a path some modal fictionalists will attempt.
John Divers in Divers 1995 argues that modal fictionalism cannot deliver the benefits of the standard possible worlds semantics for modal discourse. There is a discussion of Divers's argument in the following supplementary document:
[Supplementary Document: Modal Fictionalism and Possible Worlds Semantics]
Another worry about modal fictionalism is discussed by Rosen 1990 (pp. 349-354): the "argument from concern". An "argument for concern" was originally developed as an objection to the (realist) theory of possible worlds proposed by David Lewis. Lewis claimed that the truth of counterfactual conditional claims could be analysed as the truth of claims about the goings-on in other possible worlds: to take the classic example, the claim "Hubert Humphrey might have won" is true because there is a possible world very similar to ours in which someone much like Hubert Humphrey did win. Saul Kripke in Kripke 1980 suggested in a footnote (p. 45) that there was a problem for this view: while Humphrey cares a great deal about the fact that he might have won, he presumably does not care about whether someone a lot like him but who is not him wins in another cosmos. ("Probably, however, Humphrey could not care less whether someone else, no matter how much resembling him, would have been victorious in another possible world"). In any case, it is hard to believe that his concern about the first fact is a concern about the second. Examples can of course be multiplied: we often care about modal features of our lives (what could have been, and what would have been), but non-philosophers perhaps seldom even think about whether people much like them have different experiences in different cosmoi, let alone care deeply about such things. So expanded, the "argument from concern" is that the analysis of the truth-conditions of modal statements about objects in our world turns matters we care about into matters we do not care about, and so fails to be a plausible analysis. (Note that Kripke himself does not expand his passing comment in this way).
The analogous "argument for concern" can be run for modal fictionalism (and indeed for almost any account of the truth-conditions of modal claims: see Lewis 1986, pp. 195-197, who argues in part that ersatzers are in the same boat as he is). Humphrey cares about whether he could have won the election, or whether he would have won if some things had been done differently, but it is hard to believe that he cares particularly whether according to a certain story people like him win in other worlds, or even whether according to a certain unusual story he himself wins in other worlds. So it seems implausible to suppose the question of whether or not he could have won is the same question as the question of whether according to the story he does win in certain other worlds.
As Rosen points out in the case of Kripke's objection to Lewis, "this by itself is not a logical objection to the claim that the facts are identical" (p. 349). One may care deeply about something, not realising that it is identical to something else one claims not to care about (just as I might greatly admire the speeches of Cicero, and honestly claim to have no time for the speeches of Tully). Even if the issue of whether Humphrey could have won is just the issue of whether the modal fiction says that counterparts of HuDivers, John. 1995. "Modal fictionalism cannot deliver possible worlds semantics". Analysis. 55/2: 81-88mphrey win at other worlds, this would not mean that this philosophical analysis will be obvious to workaday politicians like Humphrey, nor need it be reflected in his views. Rosen suggests that the objection might have a more 'pragmatic' force (p. 350). The objection might be something like this (the way of putting it is not Rosen's, but I take it the sentiments are): we care about what might have been, and if the modal fictionalist is right, what might have been is a matter of what the fiction says about what goes on in other worlds, and what some complicated story says about other cosmoi is not something we currently have more than an academic interest in, it seems. So if we accept this theory, we should revise what we care about (since we shall think the two come to the same thing): either by becoming as indifferent to modal matters as we are to what story the modal fiction tells — or alternatively by becoming as concerned about the contents of the modal fiction as we currently are about what could have been and would have been, had we acted differently. Either option requires large revisions of our concerns, and it is a cost of a theory to require such revision.
Rosen's response to this, on behalf of the modal fictionalist, is that this price is worth paying, particularly if we extend our concern to the contents of the fiction, rather than the much harder task of ceasing to care about modal matters of fact. He then goes on to point out that this raises another worry, that of arbitrariness: why care so much about the contents of the modal fiction as opposed, say, to any other story about many worlds and what happens in each? Rosen discusses several possible replies to this question (pp. 352-353), though leaves the final answer open. It seems to this writer, however, that this might not be a particular problem for modal fictionalists: for the question of why we should care about modal facts as opposed to truths expressed with any other conceivable intensional operators looks equally pressing, and any realist who, for instance, analyses modality in terms of the nature of possible worlds will face the question of why we should care about what is true according to the various worlds, as opposed to what is "shtrue" at these worlds, where the "shtrue at" relation is some other relation between worlds and propositions. At the very least, one would want a theory of how our concern for modal truths might be justifiable before seriously worrying about whether the same sort of thing could be said about concern about the content of the modal fiction.
Finally, the whole argument from concern presented above only really gets a hold on the modal fictionalist who thinks that what is the case modally is just a matter of the contents of the modal fiction. There is no need to think this, of course, and timid modal fictionalists will reject it. (Rosen also points out that the modal fictionalist can sidestep the argument if he does not take the fiction to provide the materials for an analysis of modality.) Even strong modal fictionalists can in principle think that there is some sort of analysis or reduction of the modal to what the contents of the fiction are without taking the further step of thinking that the modal facts and facts about the content of the fiction are one and the same. (This would be one way of linking the two, but they might think that the modal facts are constituted by facts about the fiction without thereby being identical with them, for example). So the argument from concern creates problems only for some modal fictionalists.
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Hale, Bob. 1995b. "Modal Fictionalism: A Simple Dilemma". Analysis. 55/2: 63-67
Hinckfuss, Ian. 1993. "Suppositions, Presuppositions, and Ontology". Canadian Journal of Philosophy, 23/4: 595-618
Kim, Seahwa. 2002. "Modal Fictionalism Generalized and Defended". Philosophical Studies, 111/2: 121-146
Kim, Seahwa. 2005. "Modal Fictionalism and Analysis" in Kalderon, Mark (ed). 2005. Fictionalism in Metaphysics. Clarendon Press, Oxford.
Kripke, Saul. 1980. Naming and Necessity. Blackwell, Oxford.
Lewis, David. 1992. "Critical Notice of Armstrong, D.M. A Combinatorial Theory of Possibility". Australasian Journal of Philosophy. 70/2: 211-224
Lewis, David. 1968. "Counterpart Theory and Quantified Modal Logic". The Journal of Philosophy. 65/5: 113-126
Lewis, David. 1986. On The Plurality of Worlds. Blackwell, Oxford.
Lewis, David. 1978. "Truth in Fiction". American Philosophical Quarterly. 15/1: 37-46
Liggins, David. forthcoming. "Modal Fictionalism and Possible-Worlds Discourse". Philosophical Studies.
Lycan, William G. 1993. "Armstrong's New Combinatorialist Theory of Modality", in Bacon, Campbell and Reinhardt 1993: 3-17
Lycan, William G. 1994. Modality and Meaning. Kluwer, Dordrecht.
Menzies, Peter and Pettit, Philip. 1994. "In Defence of Fictionalism about Possible Worlds". Analysis. 54/1: 27-36
Merrill, G. H. 1978. "Formalization, Possible Worlds and the Foundations of Modal Logic". Erkenntnis. 12: 305-327
Nolan, Daniel. 1997a. "Three Problems for 'Strong' Modal Fictionalism". Philosophical Studies. 87/3: 259-275
Nolan, Daniel. 1997b. "Impossible Worlds: A Modest Approach". Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic. 38/4: 535-572
Nolan, D., and O'Leary-Hawthorne, J. 1996. "Reflexive fictionalisms". Analysis. 56/1: 26-32
Nolt, J. 1986. "What Are Possible Worlds?". Mind. 95: 432-445
Noonan, Harold. 1994. "In Defence of the Letter of Fictionalism". Analysis. 54/3: 133-139
Peacocke, Christopher. 1999. Being Known. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Rescher, Nicholas. 1975. A Theory of Possibility. Blackwell, Oxford.
Rosen, Gideon. 1993. "A Problem for Fictionalism About Possible Worlds". Analysis. 53/2: 71-81
Rosen, Gideon. 1990. "Modal Fictionalism". Mind. 99/395: 327-354
Rosen, Gideon. 1995. "Modal Fictionalism Fixed". Analysis. 55/2: 67-73
Routley, Richard. 1980. Exploring Meingong's Jungle and Beyond. ANU Departmental Monograph #3, Canberra.
Sider, Theodore. 2002. "The Ersatz Pluriverse". Journal of Philosophy. 99: 279-315
Stalnaker, Robert. 1976. "Possible Worlds". Nous. 10: 65-75
van Fraassen, Bas C. 1980. The Scientific Image. Clarendon, Oxford.
van Inwagen, Peter. 1986. "Two Concepts of Possible Worlds", in Studies in Essentialism, Midwest Studies in Philosophy. XI: 185-213
Vision, Gerald. 1994. "Fiction and Fictionalist Reductions". Pacific Philosophical Quarterly. 74: 150-174
Walton, Kendall L. 1990. Mimesis as Make-Believe. Harvard University Press, Cambridge MA
Woodward, Richard. forthcoming. "Why Modal Fictionalism is not Self-Defeating". Philosophical Studies.
Yablo, Stephen. 1996. "How In the World?". Philosophical Topics. 24.1: 255-286
Yablo, Stephen. 2001. "Go Figure: A Path Through Fictionalism". Midwest Studies in Philosophy. 25.1: 72-102
Zalta, Edward N. 1997. "A Classically-Based Theory of Impossible Worlds". Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic. 38/4: 640-660
abstract objects | actualism | fictionalism | possible objects | possible worlds
Daniel Nolan <daniel.nolan@nottingham.ac.uk> | not to say that it cannot be done, or cannot be done plausibly: but justifying the choice of fiction is not something that can be neglected if a modal fictionalist theory is to be convincing. Christopher Peacocke (Peacocke 1999 p 154) charges Rosen's modal fictionalist with "fetishism" unless the fictionalist can say what is so distinctive about the particular fiction chosen.
As with so | 93 |
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Simian Mobile Disco
DJ / Producer
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Every musician needs to take action to keep themselves fresh from time to time, but James Ford and Jas Shaw of Simian Mobile Disco have really gone to extremes this time: they've completely abandoned every tool they previously used to make music. The duo have never been ones to follow anyone else's methods in any case – the title of their last album Unpatterns says it all about their penchant for disruption and reinvention –<|fim_middle|> the fledgling Kitsuné label, and Justice's inescapable remix of Simian's "We Are Your Friends". This latter never had anything to do with SMD directly, and they have done their best to dissociate themselves from it bar the occasional mischievous dropping of the intro in a DJ set, but there's no denying the boost it gave the Simian Mobile Disco name, with ADSR consolidating that masterfully.
Where ADSR had had a couple of guest vocals, its follow up Temporary Pleasure was veritably star spangled, thanks to Jas and James's growing list of production credits. Beth Ditto features prominently, as well as Gruff Rhys, Hot Chip's Alexis Taylor, Yeasayer's Chris Keating and more. The results are sometimes as stellar as the lineup, but both Jas and James have reservations: both admit they were acting too much like producers, letting the singers and songs take precedence rather than "the SMD sound". It was this they reacted against with Delicacies, a record of straight ahead techno tracks purely designed for their own DJ sets; but even the hedonistic blast of these tracks still felt constrained by techno's own rulesets.
Unpatterns, in turn, was their escape from that world and into open-ended synth exploration. The effusive, slightly professorial Jas talks happily of "spending months getting our heads round some of this kit", while the rather more laconic James laughs as he says it was a process of "twisting knobs until we got something we liked." The result was their most complete and coherent album yet, a gorgeous exploration of texture and groove that touched on everything from the Silver Apples through Phuture to Lone and Pearson Sound. The stunning set of 12"s they've continued releasing on their Delicacies series, in collaboration with people like Bicep, Roman Fleugel and Cosmin TRG, meanwhile, have kept them well in touch with the clubs.
Now, they are constraining themselves technologically in order to free themselves up even more musically. The result is something that takes you right into the heart of their creative processes, veering from completely abstract ambient explorations through buoyant repetitions that float into the territory of the most cosmic German and Italian synth explorers of the 1970s and 80s, then take flight into otherworldly techno grooves. Note well, it's not a sound that punches you in the face with its newness or weirdness – the album draws you in gently with the truly beautiful airborne, beat-free opening passage of 'Redshift' and 'Dandelion Spheres', and each track thereafter is subtle, rarefied and elegant.
Once you start listening deeply, though – to the slo-mo techno of 'Hypnick Jerk', say, or to 'Nazard' which sounds like an eighties soul ballad heard through a mushroom haze, or to the urgent build of cosmic orchestral intensity in 'Tangents' – you can hear the ongoing, constantly developing musical conversaiton between James and Jas. It's like being allowed in to the middle of a psychic duet. "If anything," says James, "Whorl can be taken as one long piece, because in the performance of it, we've gone where the processes we've set up have taken us." And he's completely right – it's as a whole that Whorl comes to life and really opens up its secrets and surprises. It's a truism that you should expect the unexpected from SMD, but this time round you can be damn sure of it, as they've created a system to ensure that it's precisely the only thing you can expect.
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'Night Owl Radio' 230 ft. Holy Ship! Wrecked 2020 Mega-Mix | but for the recording of their new record, Whorl, they've started from the ground up and created an entirely new electronic system, and recorded everything entirely live, from scratch.
Over the years – as members of the criminally underrated "prog-psychedelic band" Simian, as one of the UK's finest electronic duos, and individually as esteemed producers for other acts – James and Jas have accumulated mountains of incredible vintage synthesisers and other general sound-making boxes. The sounds of these devices made Unpatterns what it was, but this time around they're putting them all away, denying themselves the almost unlimited freedom they afforded, and limiting themselves to two suitcase-sized boxes each. No laptops; no racks of hardware; just one synth and one sequencer each, which they took into the Joshua Tree national park in California and recorded the album in front of an audience.
"This forces us to commit," says Jas; "when we record with it, this is the system, and there can be no turning back. When both of us have worked with bands, we've always banged on to them about preparing songs before you come into the studio so you can get them done fast and don't get bogged down in the process once you're there…" "…and now we're giving ourselves a taste of our own medicine!" laughs James. The entire process has been completely open-ended and exploratory as they work their way around this new system – until the very moment of recording, at which point they commited 100% to the sounds they are making.
When SMD advise you on studio processes, you'd do well to listen as their wisdom is hard-won. Simian, the band they formed with Simon Lord and Alex McNaughten at Manchester University, was signed to a subsidiary of a major label in 2000. It was an unlikely start, given that they were in James's words "a kind of prog-psychedelic thing partially named after the Silver Apples' drum synth", or as Jas puts it "trying to show you could make band music with songs and harmonies but be into Autechre too, just at the moment the world was into the Strokes and White Stripes and straight-ahead rock music."
In fact Simian's music was gorgeous, with a rich pop streak – but as the descriptions suggest, its overtly baroque structures were way out of tune with the time. With the arrogance of youth, the four of them convinced themselves that big things were theirs for the taking, but though their two albums were exceedingly well received in many quarters, global domination evaded them; the combination of thwarted ambition and four very different creative personas led to friction and the band split before completing their third album.
Meanwhile, though, the Simian Mobile Disco project had started to take a vague kind of shape. Originally simply a name under which band members would DJ – in order to, says Jas, "satisfy our urges to do something more freeform, as touring locked us into playing the same songs again and again in the same way." The name, increasingly just referring to James and Jas, was then used for the band's own remix of themselves, then for remixes of others, and as Simian came to an end became the duo's main creative outlet as they made more and more electronic tracks for their own DJ sets.
This gigging and jamming served them well, as when Wichita Recordings suggested an album release they realised they had at least two full CDs' worth of viable tracks. Attack Decay Sustain Release emerged in 2007, riding a wave of attention following the success of the "Hustler" single first released on | 754 |
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CHRONICLING THE WORLD OF LED ZEPPELIN SINCE 1978
EVENINGS WITH LED ZEPPELIN -THE COMPLETE CONCERT CHRONICLE BOOK -SIGNED BY DAVE LEWIS
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ABOUT TBL AND DAVE LEWIS – UPDATED JANUARY 2019
TBL ISSUE 43 – ANOTHER TBL OUTPOURING!
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TBL GOES DIGITAL! ISSUE 39, 40, 41, 42, 43 and 44 AVAILABLE AS A DIGITAL DOWNLOAD VERSION – DETAILS HERE!
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THE TBL POLO SHIRT – BE SEEN IN THE COOLEST LED ZEP POLO SHIRT
FIVE GLORIOUS NIGHTS – LED ZEPPELIN AT EARLS COURT MAY 1975 – A PHOTOGRAPHIC RECORD COMPILED BY DAVE LEWIS
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JOHN BONHAM MEMORIAL REPORT/ ROBERT PLANT FOR CKDCF CHARITY CUMBRIAN GIG/REMASTERS 25 YEARS GONE/FIVE GLORIOUS NIGHTS BOOK UPDATE/TBL WEBSITE CHANGES/DL DIARY BLOG UPDATE
1 October 2015 2,993 views 7 Comments
Ros Sidaway of the John Bonham Memorial forwarded details of last week's John Bonham Memorial 35th anniversary events as follows:
Local Musical Talent Set To Commemorate Redditch's Biggest Star:
Local people and Led Zeppelin fans from further afield descended on the Rose Garden, Headless Cross on Saturday to commemorate the life of Redditch born, John Bonham on the 35th anniversary of his death.
The warm September sunshine brought out the crowds as a stellar line up of local musicians, assembled by Steve Barnes, paid tribute to the legendary Led Zeppelin drummer with their own compositions and a smattering of Led Zep covers.
First up, Garage Rock band Voodoo Club, playing as a trio, delivered a somewhat different set with Jonny Edwards and Mark Bryan on acoustic guitars and Shari Bryan on cajon. Rising Redditch star, singer songwriter, Stuart Woolfenden, then played the first of two sets of the afternoon, followed with another solo performance by Smokin' Ashes guitarist, Alan Sheward.
Redditch is certainly not lacking musical talent further proven by young blues guitarist Dom Hawthorne who was joined by Sam Faux, bassist with local band Captain Jeffrey, for his set.
Jessie and Loz who together make up Lekka Vibe flew the flag for the girls with their own unique indie pop rap style which was well received by the audience. Stuart Woolfenden then performed his second set of the afternoon, including "I've Seen It All", a recent self-penned track showing a maturity beyond his 1<|fim_middle|>TBL Website Makeover:
As you can see, the TBL website has undergone something of a makeover. TBL tech man Mike Mackechnie has been on hand to introduce a rather fetching blue and white home page colour script (Spurs colours of course!) and also make a change to the overall font to a larger size. I've also updated the links page. The comments page I also aim to make more interactive with replies from the editor – so keep those comments coming!
There will also be a revision of the TBL offers and merchandise over the next few days. A full update on this will follow next week.
One section that has undergone a full update is the "About TBL and Dave Lewis" section. This can be viewed at:
http://www.tightbutloose.co.uk/about-tbl/
Here's some feedback on the site:
Thanks for all your efforts putting info on your website – it is a weekly must read as well as your magazines, books etc… you do a great job and not only does your passion come through but your professionalism and determination in keeping the flame alive.
John Thomson – Melbourne
Many thanks John!
And on the subject of links – be sure to keep up to date with the excellent LedZep News site who are doing a great job:
https://www.facebook.com/ledzepnews/timeline/
DL Diary Blog Update:
Suddenly it's October and there's a lot to do.
After the T.Rextasy and David Gilmour nights out, it's been heads down to address a full on TBL workload. As mentioned above, this has included something of an overhaul for the TBL website. This is something I've been trying to fit in for sometime. There's also been more work on TBL 40 with Mick Lowe.
On the player, Bob Dylan Blonde On Blonde -I am very much looking forward to the forthcoming official Sony 6 CD box set The Cutting Edge 1965 – 1966 /Tthe Bootleg Series Vol 1212 that highlights the Bringing It All Back Home/Highway 61/ Blonde On Blonde era due out in November.
Plenty of David Bowie has been going down as I have had a bit of a purge on searching out the Bowie original vinyl issues – Low being the latest addition.
The just released David Bowie box set Five years 1969 – 1973 is another for my Christmas list ahead.
Other stuff going down:
The Faces – Too Drunk For the BBC CD
Led Zeppelin /John Bonham – The Bonham Sessions CD
David Gilmour and Friends Mojo CD
Marc Bolan – At The BBC CD
Nick Drake – A Day Gone By LP – if it's autumn it must be Nick…
Adam Faith -Best Of – inspired by reading his autobiography. The early hits have fantastic orchestral arrangements by John Barry.
And some recent vinyl acquisitions as follows
The Who – Who's Missing UK Polydor
The Who – Two's Missing UK Polydor
The above are superb 1980s compilations of B. sides and rare tracks
Traffic – Italian pressing Island
Roger Daltrey – The Best Of – Polydor with Shepperton 1978 pic on sleeve
The Groundhogs Thank Chris For The Bomb – Liberty UK pressing
Stephen Stills –Stills – CBS 1975 album
The above were from the excellent Vinyl stall in the basement market in Brick Lane
Jeff Beck –Truth on US Epic – a very nice find at the Bedford Vinyl Barn stall last Friday.
With the autumn kicking in and one or two misty mornings emerging, it was good to catch a view of Bedford Embankment in the early morning mist on the morning bike ride this week. I had to laugh though as when I posted this pic on one of the local Bedford Facebook sites, the lady who was walking the dog over the bridge immediately posted that shed seen me take the pic – blimey what were the chances! it's a nice shot that might be worthy of framing.
It's been well quiet here after Adam's return to UNI in Eastbourne. We did have one welcomed final father and son bonding over the Spurs v Man City game in the pub last Saturday A 4-1 win was just the job though long time TBL supporter and City fan Paul Aspey would not have agreed. I of course texted him to acknowledge Spurs superiority (for once!)
There's a bit of respite from the TBL workload with a visit from our good friend James over from Australia for the first time in over a decade. He used to play for our legendary football team The Wallbangers and I've duly rounded up some former players for a night out tomorrow. No doubt one or two beers will be drunk as we relay tales of how we ruled in (a Keystone Cops sort of way) the green and pleasant football pitches of Bedfordshire back in the day.
After surviving the expected hangover on Saturday, attention will turn to the oval shape ball for England's crucial World Cup encounter with Australia. The visiting James' loyalty may be split as he emigrated to Australia from the UK in the 1980s. We of course, we will be hoping for a home win but it won't be easy. Come on England…
Dave Lewis – October 1, 2015.
YouTube Clips:
Led Zeppelin Remasters TV AD:
Five Glorious Nights -Led Zeppelin at Earls Court 1075 – A Photographic Record contents trailer:
Keep listening, keep reading…
Dave Lewis/Gary Foy – October 1 , 2015.
If you are reading this and have yet to link with the Tight But Loose Facebook page be sure to request/add us. The TBL Facebook is another key part of the TBL set up with updated stories/additional pics etc to keep you on top of the world of TBL.
To view additional photos and TBL info be sure to hook up with the Tight But Loose Facebook page (add us as a friend) at
http://www.facebook.com/#!/profile.php?id=1611296783
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Dave Lewis (author) said:
Nice one Tony!
# 3 October 2015 at 6:42 am
John finishes Oct 4 I think!
Tony Crowley said:
Top work as always. Looking forward to number 40
Hope to catch up with you when I'm next back in the UK and hoping NCFC might be able to hold our own against you this season
# 2 October 2015 at 5:29 pm
John Webster said:
Hi Dave, Great read as always. Seeing David Gilmour tomorrow at Albert Hall. Is the Zeppelin art exhibition still going I thought in Kings Rd as I thought I might spend some time there in the afternoon?
Makes up for that 4-1 defeat a little Paul!
Paul aspey said:
I remember bidding over £2k for a signed box set on the Danny baker radio show in the day and being outbid. Also my leather bound five glorious nights has pride of place in my Zeppelin shrine
Ledzepfred said:
Has it been 35 years and one of the best drummers was lost to the world.
R.I.P. J.H.B.
You will always be missed in my heart.
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About TBL
The TBL Website chronicles the world of Led Zeppelin, Jimmy Page, Robert Plant and John Paul Jones offering up to date news, views and information.
Tight But Loose Website edited by Dave Lewis and Gary Foy.
Tight But Loose Magazine created by Dave Lewis 1978. TBL/Web launched by Dave Linwood 1995. TBL logo by Mike Warry.
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TBL ARCHIVE JANUARY 1975 SNAPSHOT/ TBL 45/ LZ NEWS /MICK BONHAM REMEMBERED/NEIL PEART RIP/CODA IN MK /VINYL BLOG/ BEDFORD RECORD 1981/DL DIARY BLOG UPDATE
JIMMY PAGE AND JOHN PAUL JONES ON THE OCCASION OF THEIR BIRTHDAYS/LZ NEWS/ HAPPY BIRTHDAY RICHARD COLE/DAVID BOWIE FOUR YEARS GONE/DL DIARY BLOG UPDATE
HAPPY NEW YEAR FROM US TO YOU/ LEMMY FOUR YEARS GONE / TBL 2019 SUMMARY/DL BEST OF THE YEAR LISTINGS /DL DIARY BLOG UPDATE
SINCERE THANKS FROM DAVE AND JANET/ SEASONS GREETINGS FROM US TO YOU/ ZEP AT ALLY PALLY CHRISTMAS 1972 AND MORE TBL CHRISTMAS NOSTALGIA//LZ NEWS/ A TBL CHRISTMAS CAROL FROM 1979/DL DIARY BLOG UPDATE
MESSAGE FROM DAVE LEWIS/JOHN BONHAM A CELEBRATION II EVENT DETAILS/TBL ARCHIVE – GOLDEN LION REUNION 1981 38 YEARS GONE /LZ NEWS
Allen on TBL ARCHIVE JANUARY 1975 SNAPSHOT/ TBL 45/ LZ NEWS /MICK BONHAM REMEMBERED/NEIL PEART RIP/CODA IN MK /VINYL BLOG/ BEDFORD RECORD 1981/DL DIARY BLOG UPDATE
Chris Serratella on TBL ARCHIVE JANUARY 1975 SNAPSHOT/ TBL 45/ LZ NEWS /MICK BONHAM REMEMBERED/NEIL PEART RIP/CODA IN MK /VINYL BLOG/ BEDFORD RECORD 1981/DL DIARY BLOG UPDATE
Jodeo on TBL ARCHIVE JANUARY 1975 SNAPSHOT/ TBL 45/ LZ NEWS /MICK BONHAM REMEMBERED/NEIL PEART RIP/CODA IN MK /VINYL BLOG/ BEDFORD RECORD 1981/DL DIARY BLOG UPDATE
Dave Lewis on TBL ARCHIVE JANUARY 1975 SNAPSHOT/ TBL 45/ LZ NEWS /MICK BONHAM REMEMBERED/NEIL PEART RIP/CODA IN MK /VINYL BLOG/ BEDFORD RECORD 1981/DL DIARY BLOG UPDATE
Bruce on TBL ARCHIVE JANUARY 1975 SNAPSHOT/ TBL 45/ LZ NEWS /MICK BONHAM REMEMBERED/NEIL PEART RIP/CODA IN MK /VINYL BLOG/ BEDFORD RECORD 1981/DL DIARY BLOG UPDATE
Dave Lewis on JIMMY PAGE AND JOHN PAUL JONES ON THE OCCASION OF THEIR BIRTHDAYS/LZ NEWS/ HAPPY BIRTHDAY RICHARD COLE/DAVID BOWIE FOUR YEARS GONE/DL DIARY BLOG UPDATE
Rich Farquhar on JIMMY PAGE AND JOHN PAUL JONES ON THE OCCASION OF THEIR BIRTHDAYS/LZ NEWS/ HAPPY BIRTHDAY RICHARD COLE/DAVID BOWIE FOUR YEARS GONE/DL DIARY BLOG UPDATE
Jez Firth on JIMMY PAGE AND JOHN PAUL JONES ON THE OCCASION OF THEIR BIRTHDAYS/LZ NEWS/ HAPPY BIRTHDAY RICHARD COLE/DAVID BOWIE FOUR YEARS GONE/DL DIARY BLOG UPDATE
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BOOKS & T SHIRTS - 42,241 views
Archive - 41,949 views
FROM A WHISPER TO A SCREAM: THE COMPLETE GUIDE TO THE MUSIC OF LED ZEPPELIN – CURRENTLY OUT OF PRINT - 32,207 views
RECORD COLLECTOR/BLUEBERRY HILL/DEBORAH BONHAM TOUR DATES/JIMMY PAGE SESSION MAN WEBSITE/CLASSIC ROCK AWARDS/ROBERT BIOGRAPHY/JASON-HEART/DL DIARY UPDATE - 31,931 views
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ABOUT TBL AND DAVE LEWIS – UPDATED JANUARY 2019 - 28,846 views
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KNEBWORTH BOOK LAUNCH/VIP MUSICMANIA REPORT/ JIMMY RAMBLIZE/ROBERT MALI 2/ SOCCER BID/JPJ WITH SUSANNA AND DAVE RAWLINGS/DR WHO/KENNEDY/DL DIARY UPDATE - 26,200 views
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The event would not have been complete without a drum solo tribute which was duly delivered by John Maycroft to rapturous applause from everyone present. John, a drum tutor, also gave kids and adults 5 minute drum lessons for a £1.
The afternoon ended with a terrific 45-minute set from swamp blues band Lenny James and the Gator Squad, featuring Bonham-family friend, Colin Andrews, on harmonica.
"It was a wonderful afternoon -a fitting way to commemorate John's life with local music" said Event organiser and Fund Treasurer, Ros Sidaway "Our thanks go to main sponsors Redditch Music Festival, Vintage Trax and Courtyard Music, to the musicians who all played for free, Denscombe Sound Engineers, Event security men, Crombie and Sooty, and all those family and friends who gave up their time to help with set up/break down and smooth running of the event, to Arrow Catering, JHC Contractors, Shaw Loos Ltd, Redditch Borough Council, and the media for their support too. We couldn't have done it without you. Last but not least, the public who dug deep to raise over £650 towards the memorial for John." For further information and to donate please visit www.johnbonhammemorialfund.com
Formed in August 2013, the JBMF is working to raise funds for the design and installation of a permanent and fitting memorial to the legendary Led Zeppelin drummer who was born and grew up in Redditch. For Further info please contact Ros Sidaway on 07887 525107 or email ros@vintagetrax.co.uk
Photo credit Versatile Ventures/ Ros Sidaway
Many thanks to Ros.
Robert Plant lined up for Cumbrian CKDCF Charity gig:
This via Cumbrian Live:
Children's charity CKDCF has pulled off one of the biggest coups in Cumbrian music history by securing the talents of the Zep's charismatic front-man, Robert Plant, for their annual fundraising concert to be held in Egremont Market Hall later this month.
The CKDCF, a small charity based in Egremont which provide grants and charitable donations to help Cumbrian children in need, was founded by Francis Dunnery of It Bites fame. Francis met Robert Plant in the early 90s when he was asked to audition for, and later became, guitarist in Plant's band.
The pair have remained friends ever since but when Francis asked him if he might be able to help support the charity he says he did so reluctantly. "Robert gets asked for his patronage all the time from various organizations throughout the world," explains Dunnery. "He is a contributor to various charities including the Nordoff Robbins music therapy fund in the USA.
"The fact that Robert agreed to travel all the way to Cumbria after recently finishing a three year stint on tour, rehearse, perform and take part in our charity, is a testament to his character. I am truly indebted to the man. Everyone at the CKDCF is excited beyond belief and this year's fundraising has already surpassed the previous 13 years."
Since the announcement of Robert Plant's scheduled appearance, tickets for the concert have sold out, with hundreds of people set to attend. Alongside Robert Plant, other performances at the fundraising concert include: Big Big Train, Peter Jones, Dorie Jackson, John Mitchell, Andrea and Bennedetta, John Gilmour Smith, John Bentley, Materya, John and Wayne and of course Francis Dunnery himself.
"If you were fortunate to get a ticket for this year's event," said Francis, "then you can look forward to a fantastic performance and if you were too late, perhaps next year you will consider adding the CKDCF fundraising weekend to your annual calendar so as not to miss out on the fantastic fun that we have every year."
The CKCDF Annual Benefit Concert takes place at Egremont Market Hall on Saturday October 24 . If you want to find out more about the charity or make a donation, visit www.ckdcf.org
See link at : http://www.cumbrialive.co.uk/home/robert-plant-to-play-cumbrian-gig-1.1228249
Robert Plant comments on seeing The Who live for the first time:
Iggy Pop and Robert Plant are featured talking about seeing The Who live for the first time in a video clip trailer for the upcoming Who Live at Hyde Park film.
See link at http://news.nationalpost.com/arts/music/they-blasted-the-place-to-pieces-iggy-pop-and-robert-plant-recall-seeing-the-who-for-the-first-time
This October, The Who's epic 50th Anniversary Tour finale show is coming to cinemas, recorded at Hyde Park this Summer.
In cinemas from October 7th. Check listings and book tickets: http://www.TheWhoFilm.com
Led Zeppelin Remasters : 25 Years Gone
It's amazing to think that there was a time back in the day, that the only way of hearing Led Zeppelin's music was via the ten original albums – ie the eight original studio albums, The Song Remains The Same soundtrack and the posthumous collection Coda.
There were no greatest hits albums, no BBC sessions, no 1972 live albums and certainly no i-tunes or HD downloads..
True the Led Zeppelin catalogue had been released on CD – alebit not from the original masters and transferred via analogue tapes. The results were mixed. I did a feature in Record Collector in early 1990 reviewing the original CD's (I'll need to dig that one out) ,blisterfully unaware that Jimmy was about to overhaul the entire catalogue for CD.
Thus the arrival in October of 1990 of the five LP CD box set and double Remasters compialtions was a very big deal indeed.
I wasn't the only one I am sure, who had not paid much attention to the studio albums in recent years. My Zep listening time was taken up analysing the many Zep shows that were appearing on CD sets and the fresh outtakes that had surfaced.
The arrival of the Remasters was a revelation. Suddenly we all realised just exactly what it was that had made this band so special.
Lapsed fans got back on the wagon –a whole new generation of younger enthusiasts also jumped aboard. Overnight Led Zep's stock shot up…and it never looked back.
The Remasters releases were absolute game changers in the way Led Zeppelin were viewed and appreciated.
I have very fond memories of this period 25 years ago – it was the point where I realised their legacy was intact. It was fantastic to follow all the media buzz that went with it including Jimmy's appearances on MTV and the promo videos for Travellin Riverside Blues and Over The Hills And Far Away.
In the Our Price record store I managed Bedford we really went to town – with pre release build up and in store displays. This activity resulted in the store racking up £10,000 worth of business on the box sets and double albums. I was later awarded a triple gold disc award by Warners in the UK. Here's a pic of the shop window in November 1990.
Like I say, I was about to produce a book that emphatically chronicled the band's music. The book Led Zeppelin – A Celebration published the next summer was very well received…and it set me on a mission to totally commit myself to chronicling the world of Led Zeppelin that has not let up for the past quarter of a century.
This is something I wrote at the time for Record Collector. I remember putting this together – the words came tumbling out such was my enthusiasm for it all – and it remains one of my favourite pieces of writing on the band.
I'll be bringing out the Remasters box set vinyl and CDs to enjoy over this weekend revelling in Jimmy's vision of – as he put it "The same picture with a different frame"
And what pictures they are….
LED ZEPPELIN REMASTERED…
DAVE LEWIS REVIEWS JIMMY PAGE'S DEFINITIVE COMPILATIONS OF ZEPP'S BACK CATALOGUE
Earlier this year, I summed up my feature in Record Collector on Led Zeppelin On CD by offering Atlantic Records the following advice: "In the light of the shortcomings of the Led Zeppelin CDs, it would be good to see Atlantic embark on a re-mastering job to eliminate some of the errors that have occurred. An even better idea would be for Jimmy Page himself to oversee such a project which could easily take the format of a special box set release. Atlantic Records take note!"
At that time, I was unaware of Atlantic's plans to produce just such a set, so it came as a pleasant surprise to learn that my request was about to become a reality. The project began to take shape when Jimmy Page was approached by the label to remaster the original Zeppelin catalogue for a compilation release. Dissatisfied with the general reproduction of the available CDs, Page jumped at the opportunity to restore his old masters to the standard he envisaged. Studio time was booked at New York's Stirling Studio in May, where Jimmy spent a week with engineer George Marino digitally transferring the material from, in most cases, the original two-track master tapes.
The project in mind was a multi-track box set release for which Page drew up possible track listings for the other two ex-members to sanction. "I really wanted to improve the release", Page is quoted as saying on the officially press release; "basically it's the same picture with a different frame". John Paul Jones added: "The songs sound as fresh now as when they were first recorded, and the new positions in the running order seem to put them in a totally different light."
The original concept was to package 54 remastered tracks in a deluxe box package with a 36-page book of photos and essays. Atlantic's European distributors East West were supremely keen to also issue an edited version aimed at the mainstream market. And so a condensed version with 24 tracks on a triple album and 26 on a double cassette and CD was also prepared — for Europe only.
This release, under the title "Remasters", formed the major spearhead of WEA/East West's Christmas market campaign. After all the years of avoiding the greatest hits treatment, the Zepp catalogue received the full commercial push as East West undertook a massive marketing campaign to back to October 15 release of "Remasters". Window displays were installed, including inflatable blimps which are sure to join earlier models as collectable Zep items. Mysterious teaser adverts appeared in the music press depicting the shadow of the Zepp airship looming over several international locations, recalling the similar obscure ads placed as a trailer for the band's fourth album. Even a TV advertisement was prepared, set to appear on screens across the country in the run-in to Christmas.
COMMERCIALISE:
But East West did fail in the final quest to fully commercialise this "Remasters" package: they did not receive the blessing of Page, Plant and Jones to issue a U.K. single. The plan was to issue "Stairway To Heaven" on December 2 as a four-track CD single and 12″ picture disc, with "Whole Lotta Love", "Immigrant Song" and "Good Times Bad Times". Although the classic Zep anthem would have been a strong contender for the Christmas No. 1 spot, the no-U.K.-singles rule prevailed. This collection of tracks subsequently surfaced in two already well-in-demand U.K. promo items. The first is a four-track 10″ pressing (Atlantic LZ 2), housed in a black sleeve depicting the specially commissioned Mission Control-designed colour illustrations that mirror the images of the band's famous four symbols. There is also a four-track promo CD single (Atlantic CD LZ 1), packaged in a cardboard oblong box. Both items are definitely prime additions to any Led Zeppelin rarities collection.
The condensed "Remasters" set duly surfaced on schedule, and entered the U.K. album chart at No. 10. As a layman's introduction to the group, its track listing does include the majority of Zepp classics, though I was surprised to find that "When The Levee Breaks" and "The Ocean" — two tracks which have been heavily sampled by other artists, and have this found their way to the forefront of the Zepp canon over the last decade — had both been omitted. I personally would have viewed these tracks as more historically representative than lesser stepping stones such as "Celebration Day" and "Houses Of The Holy"
While there can be little complaint about the overall musical content of "Remasters", or the typically offbeat sleeve design concept of the Zepp shadow looming over a mysteriously carved cornfield, the lack of any track details on the sleeve is a disappointment. Despite the fact that Atlantic's press release for the condensed set promised "extensive sleeve notes" on the vinyl edition, purchasers of "Remasters" are afforded none of the intensive recording data to be found in the box set booklet. There is not even any indication as to which album each track came from. As the set is obviously aimed at the less committed fan, surely this would have been a simple device to draw attention to the entire Zep catalogue.
Unfortunately, omissions such as these present "Remasters" as something of a cold marketing ploy issued to cash in on the peak consumer period. Compared to the deluxe box set package, it certainly pales considerably. At nigh on £20 a throw, "Remasters" should have been presented with far more information, and some additional alternate photos. That's particularly the case, given the fact that completist collectors will need this set as well as the extended box, as it strangely contains one remastered track not to be found anywhere on the box set — namely the first album opener, "Good Times Bad Times". The fact that all the different formats of "Remasters" are scheduled to be deleted on March 31 1991 will also add to its desirability to the keen Zep enthusiast.
And now to the box set itself, simply titled "Led Zeppelin". This is beautifully packaged in a strong 12″ box with a slightly different view of the 'Zepp over cornfields' scene. The accompanying 36-page book is also of superb quality and contains some wonderful photos. The three essays by noted American critics Robert Palmer (who coincidentally also wrote notes for the Rod Stewart "Storyteller" set), Kurt Loder and Cameron Crowe are admirable summaries of the band's career. However, for all his "front row seats to the Zepp experience", Crowe manages in the space of eight pages to document wrongly the date of the release of "Houses Of The Holy" (March '73, not May), the date and location of their meeting with Elvis (L.A. in May '74, not Las Vegas in 1972), the date they flew to Stockholm to begin recording "In Through The Out Door" (November '78 not January), and the date of Live Aid (July '85, not '87).
While it's great to see a full track rundown of when and where each track was recorded, some errors again creep in. Two of them can be put down to the confusion some researcher had about the different way dates are printed in the U.K. and U.S. — the recording date of the Albert Hall rehearsal take of "I Can't Quit You Baby" was actually January 9 1970 (9/1/70 in U.K. usage) and not September 1 1970 (9/1/70 in American eyes). Similarly, the recording date of "Bonzo's Montreux" becomes December 9 1976 instead of September 12. Elsewhere, printing gremlins creep in on the "Gallows Pole" entry which has it being recorded in 1972 and released on "Led Zeppelin 3" in 1970. I would also question the actual release dates^ of some of the albums in the U.S. discography — the soundtrack album, for instance, being a month out. This may seem like nitpicking, but I cannot be alone in finding such errors annoying, particularly as "Led Zeppelin" was designed as a definitive retrospective.
And the music? In compiling 54 tracks, Page was faced with the difficult task of knowing what to leave out. Obviously everyone has different favourites and a set list like this is always going to be disappointing. For me, the biggest letdown is the lack of tracks from "Physical Graffiti", by their own admission Led Zeppelin's premier achievement on record.
But what is included is a truly wondrous cross section of the musical diversity that coloured the Zeppelin catalogue during their 12-year reign. In remastering the tracks, Page has added a punch and clarity that the original CDs sorely lacked — without tampering with the original tapes, so there is no remixing here aside from the new Bonzo creation, which I'll come to in a moment. The cleaning-up of the analog tapes also greatly helps the light and shade of tracks like "The Battle Of Evermore" and "Ten Years Gone", while Page has restored the correct studio banter to the ending of "In My Time Of Dying".
SURPRISES:
Some of the anomalies and surprises to be found in this mammoth collection include the fact that the timings of many tracks here are vastly different to the claims on the original albums. For instance, "Kashmir" (previously listed as 9'41") now appears as a correct 8'31", though the tracks are absolutely identical. The only piece amongst the 54 which I have noticed being different to the original is "Nobody's Fault But Mine". The "Remasters" take is 12 seconds longer than the "Presence" original due to the inclusion of an extra guitar riff chorus on the intro. Elsewhere, the three-second white noise count-in on "Immigrant Song" is deleted here, as is the eight-second intro to "Tangerine". But the warming up of guitars on "Black Dog" is present, and sounds much more pronounced than before.
It's interesting to hear familiar classics placed in a different light — "Heartbreaker" now segues instantly into "Communication Breakdown", for example, rather than "Livin' Lovin' Maid", while "The Song Remains The Same" drifts into "Ten Years Gone". The sequencing of the tracks does, as John Paul Jones noted, put them in a new context.
Finally, some new delights. In merging John Bonham's "Moby Dick" with his later "Bonzo's Montreux", Page has produced an affectionate tribute to the late drummer, achieved with Synclavier programming at Atlantic's studios in New York earlier this year. Some might question whether he should have tampered with the originals, but the finished track mixes elements of Bonham's developing technique over seven years. It's also a joy to hear the "Zepp 3" leftover "Hey Hey What Can I Do" — a warm semi-acoustic groove previously only available on the B-side of the U.S./European "Immigrant Song" single, and on the long-deleted "New-Age Of Atlantic" sampler LP.
Also included are two much-bootlegged BBC recordings, which sound superb. "Travelling Riverside Blues", a Page/Plant arrangement of the old Robert Johnson blues classic, is a prime mid-'69 remnant with a spiralling Page slide guitar riff and some dominant Bonzo bass drum patterns — all now heard to their full effect for the first time. "White Summer/Black Mountain Side" comes from the live Playhouse Theatre show recorded on June 27th 1969, and brings back many nostalgic Zep memories.
Of course, there will be a school of thought that Page should have used this box set project to issue more unreleased gems — many of which have turned up on top quality bootleg CDs over the past year. There was also scope here for the much vaunted chronological live album idea which Page often hinted at in the latter Zepp era. Though there may be few fully-fledged studio tracks with finished vocals in the vaults, recent bootlegs have proved that there are some tantalising alternate takes which would have added spice to the set. "Led Zeppelin" is superb in its own right, but many enthusiasts will view it as a missed opportunity to hear more enlightening live and studio cuts. Certainly one CD of rare material would have made the whole thing much more worthwhile.
My personal choice of a bonus rare CD of material which is known to exist would have lined up like this: "Communication Breakdown" (live Royal Albert Hall, 1970); "Jenning's Farm Blues" (electric studio rehearsal of "Bron Y Aur Stomp", 1969); "Blues Medley" from the "Hats Off To Harper" session (1970); "No Quarter" (instrumental studio out-take, 1972); "Over The Hills And Far Away" (live in Dallas, 1975 U.S. tour); "Tangerine" (live, Earls Court 1975); "Trampled Underfoot" (live, Earls Court 1975); "The Song Remains The Same/Sick Again" (live, New York 1977); "Ten Years Gone" (live, New York 1977); "Train Kept A-Rollin' " (live, Zurich 1980); "All My Love" (alternate extended version, 1978). But maybe Jimmy is saving that lot for the "Re-Remasters"!
Overall, despite the misgivings about the track listing, some irritating errors in the booklet and the difficulty of pleasing collectors old and new, the "Led Zeppelin" box set is a worthy investment, and compares well with similar packages by other artists. Certainly, in restoring the Zeppelin catalogue to CD with the sound quality it deserves, Page has done a superb job. With the incredible resurgence of interest in the band in recent times — they must surely be the most popular defunct band outside of the Beatles — the set is sure to be in huge demand.
This collection will stand as a lasting testament to the sheer diversity of Zeppelin's recorded work. It should also prompt re-examination of epic works such as "Achilles' Last Stand" and "In The Light". The latter track's final few minutes, capturing Jimmy's overdubbed guitar parts rippling across Robert's chorus, the Jones drone and Bonzo's timely hammering, is perhaps the most impressive section of the entire 54-track set. And it sounds glorious.
Will they reform? Will there be a live chronological video to supplement this release sometime next year? The remastered "Led Zeppelin" set should keep all Zepp fans riveted to their turntables as we await the next chapter in a story that is far from over.
Dave Lewis – October 1990
Dave Lewis is the author of a forthcoming book on Led Zeppelin titled "Led Zeppelin — A Celebration" (to be published by Omnibus Press, spring 1991).
First published in Record Collector December 1990
Five Glorious Nights – Led Zeppelin at Earls Court May 1975: Update activity:
Here's a bit of an update on the Earls Court book:
VIP Music Mania Record Fair at Olympia, London – Saturday November 14,Sunday November 15 2015:
I will be in attendance at the VIP Music Mania Fair at Olympia on November 14 and 14th – The Five Glorious Nights book will be on sale and I will be signing copies of the book.
The Olympia Music Mania Fair is the biggest UK event of it's kind with easy central London travel links.
It attracts dealers from the UK, USA, Canada, Japan, Italy etc. The are a multitude of stalls at the event offering vinyl, CD, books, magazines DVD's etc across all genres of music -including many Led Zeppelin vinyl and CD collectors items. This is destination fair that is well worth attending. Much more than a mere record fair it's an event where you can sped hours browsing the racks with like minded enthusiasts. The TBL crew will be in attendance so come and say hi at the TBL/Rufus Stone stall. VIP link for more details is at http://www.vip-24.com/olympia.htm
Mail order Update:
All mail orders for this book are being handled by the publishers Rufus Stone Limited Editions
The book will make for an ideal Christmas present – order as soon as possible to ensure pre Christmas delivery!
SPECIAL OFFER FREE DELIVERY UNTIL OCTOBER 31st 2015
Visit the Rufus Stone Limited Editions site at
http://www.rufuspublications.com/rufusbooks/Led-Zeppelin
So what is this book all about and why should you invest in such an expensive item ?
The Format:
30 x 30 album size de-luxe hardback book
288 pages – including approximately 62 colour photos, 155 black & white photos – 229 in all – plus 165 colour memorabilia images including Earls Court bootleg LP, CD and DVD sleeves etc.
Drawn from over 350 images sourced from various contact sheets provided by publisher Mark Smith, and with the assistance of Ross Halfin as associate picture editor, the best photos possible have been selected. Knowing that there has been a host of photos of the band at Earls Court published over the years, the objective was to select rarely seen images and unusual angles.
Amongst the many images are scenes of the stage being set up, close ups of the acoustic set, the band performing four part harmony on Tangerine, the Jimmy Page violin bow solo in Dazed And Confused, John Bonham explaining "football is a load of bollocks" and the Led Zeppelin emblazoned sign in view as they perform their encore numbers. In effect, every aspect of Led Zeppelin's Earls Court performances is represented.
In laying out the photos for design and to get the feel of the five glorious nights, I have separated the photos into five sections each representing the individual concerts performed. Where possible, I have sequenced the photos in to something of a set list order for each night and supplemented them with some of Robert Plant's comments from the stage at the time, along with a series of press comments that demonstrate the esteem in which these concerts were held by reviewers at the time. I have also attempted to match the photos to the nights they were taken though this has not always been possible. The bulk of the images used are from the May 17, 18 and 24 gigs – less photos have surfaced of the May 23 and 25 gigs. Therefore, I have applied some artistic license within the photo spreads to represent each night and performance.
Overall, much thought has gone into the presentation of the photos to best capture the visual impact of the superb images we have selected. The pic here shows another intensive wade through the proofs at StudioMix recently.
To complement the photo content, there's a Preface that explains why these concerts were amongst the most important the band ever performed – plus interviews with promoter, Mel Bush, photographer, Barry Plummer and journalist Chris Welch. The appendix sections bring together various selected images of Earls Court bootlegs and magazine covers, and there's also an appraisal of the 2015 reissue of Physical Graffiti.
The Foreword is provided by long time rock radio DJ, Nicky Horne who introduced the band on stage at the May 24 gig.
Five Glorious Nights is in a strictly limited edition of 1,000 books.
Rufus Stone Limited Editions have a proven record of producing large format books of high quality – their catalogue includes Deep Purple at the California Jam, Jon Lord All Those Years Ago and The Beatles Monochrome. This is a high end price but as you will see by visiting the Rufus Stone site, they pride themselves on producing quality books to an exceptionally high standard.
All books are individually numbered and printed on high quality paper with high end binding and all are personally signed by the author.
The book design is by Mick Lowe at StudioMix – highly regarded designer of previous Dave Lewis, Led Zeppelin books Feather In The Wind – Over Europe 1980 and Then As It Was – At Knebworth 1979.
Much more than a mere book of photos, the intention is to capture the atmosphere of the five Earls Court shows through these startling images – sequenced and presented in a way that unfolds the whole saga of this remarkable series of concerts – to be viewed and enjoyed time and time again.
Jimmy Page with his copy:
On July 16 2015 at Olympic Studios London , It was an absolute pleasure to hand over to Jimmy Page his copy of the Five Glorious Nights Earls Court book. Copy number 0001 naturally. I'm pleased to say Jimmy was most impressed – "It looks amazing" he said. I signed a book for him and he signed my copy that I brought along.
Looking through the book, Jimmy commented on various photos notably the group shot on pages 238/239 – this is a side on shot during Trampled Underfoot. "That is all four of us really going for it" he told me.
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'Five Glorious Nights captures Led Zeppelin at the peak of their career during the Earl's Court gigs of May 1975. For those lucky enough to have been there, and for generations of rock fans who weren't, Dave Lewis provides a front-row perspective on the action with an impressive choice of dramatic images by famous rock photographers who snapped the band in full-flight. Rikky Rooksby
It's not often (these days) I'm blown away by things in general, but this book is fantastic. I expected it to be good, but this is beyond my expectations – John Copeland
Five Glorious Nights' arrived this morning, a stunning book that takes you back to those magical May evenings at Earls Court all those years ago. It's hefty size and weight can only reflect the power of those concerts, and the array of beautiful shots of the band in all their glory, a fitting tribute to Led Zeppelin in one of their momentous periods. To collate all the photographs and references must have been an Herculean task, but the wait has been worth it, a fine souvenir for all of us lucky enough to witness those amazing concerts, but also for anyone with an interest in Led Zeppelin. Thanks Dave and the team for all your hard work, just off to have another browse through the book, I can almost picture. Bob Harris in the spotlight and remember the intense excitement and anticipation of what was to follow in the next three hours that warm evening in May 1975. – Alex Machin
This book is amazing and has certainly given me an opportunity to think about something else for a while and something I can come back to.It certainly is something much more than a photo book. It is in fact an "experience" to go through. I went to the three show run and the memories of those nights is forever imprinted on my mind. The book certainly reinforces those memories and has reminded me of things I had forgotten. You and your colleagues deserve a lot of praise for the efforts required in getting such a publication together – well done. – Martin Vail
Just received my book had a quick run through like you do and after doing so had to email you personally to congratulate yourself and all concerned on what can only be described as one of the best books on Led Zeppelin I have seen! At last count I had 23 books on our beloved Zepp and this is right up there with the Neil Preston books and even Jimmy's own book, you should be very proud – Del Sharpe
Just wanted to drop you a quick line about your book Five Glorious Nights. I received my copy today and I think it is stunning, I've had a look through and one of the things I love most are the quotes by the side of the picture, and also the way the pictures show the concerts as they happened, it really is wonderful, apart from a DVD of the concerts it's the nearest I will ever have gotten to seeing these shows live. I didn't fall in love with the band until 1990 when the remastered vinyl was released and that vinyl has become one of many Led Zeppelin treasures I hold dear to me. Thanks to yourself, Ross and all the other people that put the book together, I am very grateful. – Stephen Brockley
Dave – Fantastic job! I'm not just blowing smoke either. Could be your finest book ever. It's not full of the wealth of info 'Celebration Day' and 'The Concert File' or 'Final Acclaim' for example but that's understandable because we're only talking (5) five nights here. So it shouldn't be. In visual terms, it's your finest piece of work. The photographs really capture the five nights from literally every conceivable angle. The full stage shots helped in that category. As with Jimmy's book, it's going to be years before I digest what all it has to offer and that's hard to do at the moment because we are literally being bombarded with Zeppelin and that's a situation none of us have any complaints about! As a musician, I could spend hours studying the closeups of Bonzo's kit, Jimmy's action setup on his guitars etc. I can almost see his amplifier knob settings! It's fantastic! Keep up the dedication and hard work Dave. No other band can say they have a dedicated ambassador in their flock like Zeppelin can say regarding you. – Ken Winovich
Led Zeppelin Five Glorious Nights landed here in New Jersey in the USA a few minutes ago and it is just beautiful! I've listened to and watched the Earls Court shows many times, but now I feel like I'm experiencing them on a whole other level. Thank you, Dave, for the great care you gave this book and for the great care you give all your Zeppelin endeavours. Jim O'Donnell
'This is certainly money well spent. It is quite clear a lot of thought and effort has gone into this book and I think it is a must for any Led Zeppelin fan. It will take pride of place on my bookshelf, although I might have to strengthen the bookshelf as it's a fairly hefty book!''
Kevin Tubby – UK
The Earls Court Book – your finest. You can be very proud. It will stand the test of time as this is history on many levels. This is world class – it captures the greatest band at their greatest time. – Steve Way
Big Thanks to you for the book Five Glorious Nights book!You can look through the photos, read Plant's quotations and really feel the atmosphere of those nights. Oleg Pavlov Moscow, Russia
Book #068 just turned up down here in New Zealand Dave…..thank you so much for such a beautiful piece of work, simply brilliant with class written all over it….you deserve every accolade that will be coming your way. Jason Noble
Wow! Your book is magnificent! Beautifully crafted in every way. Nicky Horne
I am stunned by the quality It's absolutely awesome. Pictures and layout just great. I can't say enough good things about it – very well done. Chris Maley
It has arrived! The book is gigantic. It is very factual, interesting and beautiful. Full of rare beautiful photos by many photographers.. The books are numbered, hand signed, and a serious must for collectors of all things Zep. Kimberly Grant Deleon
I just received the Five Glorious Nights book and wanted to tell you that it is fantastic!! Thank you for your hard work and the super job! Matt Walsh
Dave – I'm in LA, and just received Five Glorious Nights yesterday. Phenomenal – absolutely phenomenal. I look forward to playing my bootlegs of the gigs while turning the pages. Great stuff, and much gratitude. Roy Dunn
Oh my, oh my…. Am I in 7th heaven? Not just a great Zep chronicle but a glorious book for any aficionados of great gig photos. Amazing work Dave Lewis and I hope it gets the credit you deserve. Simon Croom
The masterpiece book arrived last Thursday and I`m tasting it like a good and old wine. Very slowly, enjoying, and hoping that the end never comes… Every page has a taste! What a job! What a band! The Zeppelin pinnacle and Dave and Mick as well at the top of their game. Priceless! Thank you both very much. Andre Cruz
Five Glorious Nights at Earls Court in May 1975 is a superbly presented unique visual record of Led Zeppelin in their absolute prime.
Invest and enjoy!
| 7,783 |
Published: Feb. 17, 2014 at 11:57 a.m.
Updated: Feb. 18, 2014 at 01:04 p.m.
The NFL Scouting Combine ranks as the marquee pre-draft event on the calendar of every scout and personnel man in the league. Evaluators anxiously await the performances of top prospects to see if their physical dimensions, athleticism and football character match the talent displayed on tape. Although the workouts and interviews comprise just about 30 percent of the final draft grade, combine performances leave a lasting impression<|fim_middle|>. Based on his spectacular play on tape, the Florida star was expected to shine at the combine. But a disappointing showing in Indianapolis nearly sent his name spiraling down draft boards across the league. Haden clocked 40 times in the high-4.5 range while also posting a horrific 60-yard shuttle (11.12 seconds). Those numbers are less than ideal for an elite cornerback, particularly one who measures just 5-11 and 193 pounds. Fortunately, Haden made amends for his poor showing a few weeks later at his pro day and eventually went seventh overall to the Cleveland Browns. He has since established himself as one of the best young cornerbacks in the league, having just made his first Pro Bowl.
FREAK: Jared Cook, TE, South Carolina. Cook didn't post significant production during his time with the Gamecocks, but scouts were smitten with his talent and athleticism following his strong showing in Indy. Checking in at 6-5 and 246 pounds, Cook clocked a stellar 4.50 40, with a 41-inch vertical jump and a 10-3 broad jump. Throw in his nearly flawless performance in positional drills, and Cook convinced evaluators that he had the athleticism to become a dynamic pass-catcher at the next level. Taken in the third round by the Tennessee Titans, Cook has since moved on to the St. Louis Rams. This past season, he set career highs in catches (51) and touchdowns (five).
FLOP: Andre Smith, OT, Alabama. After entering the combine viewed as the top offensive tackle in the class, Smith's stock nearly plummeted with his uninspired official weigh-in. Smith measured in at 6-4, 332 pounds, showing a sloppy body build that led to serious concerns about his work ethic, focus and preparedness for the pro game. Those reservations were heightened when he inexplicably left Indianapolis early after failing to impress team personnel in formal interviews. Given his highly impressive play at Alabama, Smith still wound up going sixth overall to Cincinnati, where he has logged 45 starts at right tackle over the past three seasons. | on the minds of decision-makers when it comes to putting the finishing touches on their draft boards.
Given the significance of those mental snapshots, the event carries more weight in the overall draft process than most will admit. That's why I thought it would be fun to take a look at some of the best and worst combine performances over the past five years, to see how the combine impacted the draft fortunes of some of the top players in college football.
FREAK: Tavon Austin, WR, West Virginia. The diminutive playmaker blew up the combine with his spectacular performance on the turf. Austin clocked a blistering 4.34-second 40-yard dash and tied for second in his position group with a 4.01-second 20-yard shuttle. Additionally, Austin showed extraordinary balance, body control and burst while running routes and snagging balls in positional drills. Most teams generally will refuse to take a slot receiver in the early stages of the draft, but Austin's sensational performance in Indianapolis helped convince the St. Louis Rams to spend a top-10 pick on the talented playmaker from West Virginia. Although his rookie campaign didn't produce the kinds of numbers some expected, Austin certainly flashed dynamic ability, most notably in a three-touchdown performance against the Indianapolis Colts in Week 10.
FLOP: Damontre Moore, DE, Texas A&M. The Texas A&M star dominated the SEC with his first-step quickness and pass-rush skills, but a lackluster performance at Lucas Oil Stadium torpedoed his chances of coming off the board in Round 1. Moore ran a pedestrian time in the 40 (4.95 seconds) and mustered just 12 reps on the bench press. Those numbers certainly were disappointing for a defender of his caliber, leading to concerns about his work ethic and focus. With Moore also exhibiting immaturity in meetings with NFL personnel, one of college football's top defenders embarked on a dramatic slide down the charts. Taken in the third round by the New York Giants, Moore didn't have much of a defensive impact as a rookie, though he did make some plays on special teams.
FREAK: Dontari Poe, DT, Memphis. Whenever a 6-foot-4, 346-pound defensive tackle shows nimble feet and exceptional body control, scouts immediately take notice. But the buzz grows to a deafening level when said defensive tackle also shows phenomenal strength and power in the weight room. Poe excelled in every aspect at the 2012 combine, with a remarkable 40-yard dash (4.98) and a group-leading 44 reps on the bench press. Additionally, Poe blistered the turf while running through bag drills and position-specific work in front of scouts. Although Poe's critics derided the Kansas City Chiefs' brass for taking him at No. 11 overall based on the strong workout, the defensive tackle emerged as one of the top NFL players at his position this past season, making the Pro Bowl and proving his combination of skills certainly wasn't maximized at Memphis.
FLOP: Vontaze Burfict, LB, Arizona State. Even before his trip to Indy, Burfict's draft stock was in free fall due to concerns about his explosive personality, undisciplined game and hefty body build. Those issues were magnified when Burfict flopped at the combine, posting pedestrian numbers in the 40-yard dash (5.09), vertical jump (30 inches) and broad jump (8-foot-8). Factor in his poor interviews with NFL personnel, and it's easy to see why Burfict didn't hear his name called on draft weekend. However, it should be noted that Burfict was regarded as a top talent heading into his final season at Arizona State. And, of course, he has played to that standard in two seasons with the Cincinnati Bengals as an unlikely starter for one of the NFL's top defenses, leading the league with 171 tackles last year. That's why combine performances should be kept in perspective when making final judgments on a player in the pre-draft process.
FREAK: J.J. Watt, DE, Wisconsin. Watt wasn't the biggest name prior to the combine, but his remarkable performance on the turf at Lucas Oil Stadium sent his stock soaring in meeting rooms across the league. Watt was among the top performers at his position in the bench press (34 reps), vertical jump (37 inches), broad jump (10 feet), three-cone drill (6.88 seconds) and 20-yard shuttle (4.21). Additionally, he displayed exceptional balance, body control and burst while running through the positional workout. With Watt's athleticism exceeding most scouts' expectations following their initial film study, the Wisconsin star quickly climbed up the charts to enter the conversation as a possible top-10 selection. He ended up going 11th overall to the Houston Texans, and has since earned the 2012 NFL Defensive Player of the Year award and a pair of All-Pro nods.
FLOP: Mark Ingram, RB, Alabama. The 2009 Heisman Trophy winner entered the combine regarded as an elite talent at the position, but his disappointing workout suggested he lacked the burst and explosiveness to terrorize NFL defenses as a feature back. Ingram clocked an underwhelming time of 4.62 seconds in the 40 while also posting disappointing numbers in the vertical jump (31.5 inches) and broad jump (9-10). With slow times in the three-cone drill (7.13 seconds) and 20-yard shuttle (4.62), his questionable change-of-direction quickness became a valid concern in the minds of evaluators watching the performance. The New Orleans Saints took Ingram with the 28th overall pick in April, making him the first running back off the board -- but Ingram has since failed to live up to expectations at the pro level.
FREAK: Earl Thomas, S, Texas. Questions about Thomas' size and agility threatened to knock him out of the first round -- until an impressive showing at the combine put those concerns to bed. Thomas checked in at 5-10, 208 pounds and displayed outstanding fluidity in positional drills. His natural transitions and turns showed his potential in man coverage, while his speed and quickness alleviated concerns about his range in the deep middle. With Thomas also showcasing his exceptionally high football IQ in interviews and chalk-talk sessions, it was no surprise to see him go 14th overall to the Seattle Seahawks. He has since emerged as one of the NFL's best safeties and the centerpiece of the "Legion of Boom."
FLOP: Joe Haden, CB, Florida | 1,395 |
Main gate<|fim_middle|> and BeiDou are the qualification and certification of mission and safety critical applications. To make the process of certification uneasy, there is no single standard against which it can be certified. Another challenge in the successful implementation and use of EGNOS and Galileo is the lengthy lead time for certification of mission and safety critical applications. Additionally, a reduction in lead time is of paramount importance for the timely certification of Galileo. | of ESOC at Robert-Bosch-Straße in Darmstadt, Germany with the new building and the ESA member state flags. Wikimedia Commons photo by Christian Weickhmann.
Organized by the German Institute of Navigation, the CERGAL 2017 conference has been established as a cross-border information exchange and discussion platform for system and application developers, operators, approval authorities and many different users.
The major milestones on the road to the successful operational rollout of satellite navigation systems like GPS/EGNOS, Galileo, GLONASS | 113 |
Sen. Elizabeth Warren this week fired a clear warning shot at billionaire Democrats considering running for president by calling for a rejection of super PACs and self-funding in the 2020 primary.
Warren's comments, which first came at a New Year's Eve news conference after she announced her 2020 exploratory committee and were followed up in an interview with MSNBC on Wednesday, made clear one of the first litmus tests of the 2020 Democratic primary and were quickly echoed by a progressive organization backing Warren.
The large field of potential Democratic candidates includes two prominent billionaires, former New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg and investor Tom Steyer. Both demonstrated in 2018 that they are willing to use their considerable resources for political purposes, spending over $100 million each on state and federal elections during the midterm elections.
Steyer spokeswoman Aleigha Cavalier declined to directly challenge Warren's comments but did say the lead-up to 2020 is a time for Democrats to "come together," not divide each other.
A<|fim_middle|>018 re-election campaign, spokeswoman Kristen Orthman told CNN, and is in the process of winding down the Elizabeth Warren Action Fund, her joint fundraising committee.
Warren's call to reject PACs and self-funders was quickly echoed by progressive organizations like the Progressive Change Campaign Committee. | Bloomberg spokesman did not respond to a request for comment.
The warning builds on Warren's anti-super-PAC messaging. The senator wound down PAC for a Level Playing Field, her leadership political action committee, near the end of her successful 2 | 49 |
"Rock Star" is a song by British-Australian recording artist Reece Mastin, taken from his second studio album, Beautiful Nightmare (2012). It was released digitally on 5 October 2012, as the third single from the album. "Rock Star" was written by Mastin, Brian Howes and Rune Westberg, who also produced the song. "Rock Star" peaked at number 16 in Australia and number 14 in New Zealand. It was certified platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA), denoting sales of 70,000 copies.
Composition and reception
"Rock Star" is a pop<|fim_middle|> certified platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA), denoting sales of 70,000 copies.
Music video
The accompanying music video for "Rock Star" premiered on Vevo on 9 October 2012.
Track listing
Digital download
"Rock Star" – 2:58
CD single
"Rock Star" – 2:58
"Good Night" (Acoustic)
"Shut Up & Kiss Me" (Acoustic)
"Message in a Bottle" (Acoustic)
Credits and personnel
Credits adapted from the liner notes of Beautiful Nightmare.
Locations
Mastered at Studios 301 in Sydney.
Personnel
Songwriting – Reece Mastin, Brian Howes, Rune Westberg
Production – Rune Westberg
Mixing – Rune Westberg
Mastering – Leon Zervos
Charts and certifications
Weekly charts
Year-end chart
Certifications
Release history
References
2012 singles
Reece Mastin songs
2012 songs
Songs written by Brian Howes
Songs written by Rune Westberg
Sony Music Australia singles | rock song that features "American sounding guitar riffs". A writer for Take 40 Australia likened the song's sound to Wheatus and Jimmy Eat World. Cameron Adams of the Herald Sun noted that it "channels" Wheatus' "Teenage Dirtbag" (2000) Avril Lavigne's "Sk8er Boi" (2002). Jamie Horne of The Border Mail described "Rock Star" as "super-likable". Scott Murphy of Smurphy Reviews refereed the song as having "Beautiful lyrical execution". A writer for The Hot Hits wrote that the song "does not disappoint".
"Rock Star" debuted at number 31 on the ARIA Singles Chart dated 15 October 2012. The following week, it peaked at number 16. On the New Zealand Singles Chart, the song debuted and peaked at number 14. "Rock Star" was | 193 |
The Dream Share Project
Book a Screening<|fim_middle|> wrote her senior thesis on the use of rape as a tool of warfare in the Congo. She brought the documentary film, The Greatest Silence, to her campus to raise awareness and funds to aid the woman suffering in the Congo.
After school, Kate traveled back to Africa and worked for various non profit organizations. She eventually discovered a job in Sacramento where she would be working to institute the 10 year plan to end homelessness. She took the job and moved across the country to start a new life.
Since moving to Sacramento, Kate has been working tirelessly on initiatives to combat homelessness. Her organization reaches out to homeless people to connect them to services they need. This May, Kate worked on planning Homeless Connect, an event which gives homeless people access to job, health, and housing resources all in one place. More recently, she has been working to raise funds to purchase warm clothing and shelter for people who will be homeless for the winter. You can support Sacramento Steps Forward's clothing and shelter drive and other initiatives by donating here.
Check out some clips from the interview:
Category: Interviews, Shared Dreams Tags: Activism, Homeless Connect, Homelessness, Human Rights, Kate Towson, Sacramento Steps Forward, Woman's Rights
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Kate Towson's Fight for Human Rights
The Dream Share Project recently interviewed Kate Towson, an Americorps Vista working for Sacramento Steps Forward in the fight against homelessness.
Kate has been involved in numerous human rights issues during her life, focusing on women's rights, reproductive rights, gay rights, and ending homelessness among others. One of the defining moments of Kate's life was when she studied for a year in South Africa and volunteered at clinics with HIV positive woman and children. She later | 120 |
Don't miss one of Carthage community's biggest celebrations! The firm DEAD<|fim_middle|> Throw Dinner Theatre. | LINE to reserve your seat for the Chamber's 2019 "Casino Royale" Banquet is Thursday, January 10. Tables of 10 are $360, and individual reservations are $40. For info, contact Mary Jo at 417‑358-2373 or mjlittle@carthagechamber.com.
Please join the Chamber to celebrate our new members Monday, December 10 at 2 p.m. at the Chamber office. Meet our new members, new employees at member businesses, and new businesses. New members will have a chance to tell our Ambassadors, board members, and fellow members about their businesses.
Remember to drop your card in the fishbowl for your chance to win the 4th Quarter Prize valued at $100 from Halo Salon. RSVP to Neely at nmyers@carthagechamber.com.
Previous Small Business of the Year recipients have announced their top three finalists for the 2018 Small Business of the Year Award, sponsored by Game On. Nominations from the community were presented to the group, who selected: Carthage True Value Hardware, Halo Salon, and Maple Leaf Music Company.
The Chamber's Banquet Committee has announced the top three finalists for the 2018 Spotlight Award, sponsored by 2017 award winner Camp Mi Casa on the Route RV Park. Nominations from the community were presented to the planning committee, who selected: Herrington Family Dental, Schmidt Associates, and Stone's | 320 |
Mr. Dimosthenis Ramantanis steps down from his duties as Elbisco's Vice President and Managing Director.
Press Releases Mr. Dimosthenis Ramantanis steps down from his duties as Elbisco's Vice President and Managing Director.
A managerial era of 15 years in the Elbisco Group ends on<|fim_middle|>. Dimosthenis Ramantanis.
The President of Elbisco, Mrs. Elena Filippou-Coumantaros, expressed her warmest appreciation for this fifteen years of cooperation and stated: "Mr. Ramantanis worked tirelessly, with ethos and courage to reorganize and modernize the company. He hands over a dynamic company with vision and a business plan for the future". Mr. Ramantanis will remain Consultant to the President on Group matters.
From September 1st, 2018, aiming to maintain the company's smooth and unhindered operation, the position of Managing Director for the time being and until further notice will be assumed by Mr. Nikolaos Voudouris, an acclaimed executive with the longest service amongst today's Elbisco Management Team. | August 31st for Mr. Dimosthenis Ramantanis, who has expressed his intention and wish to step down from the position of Managing Director.
"I would like to thank the Board of Directors, Elbisco's President Mrs. Elena Filippou-Coumantaros, as well as all employees for this wonderful journey. Their support and trust over the years have played a vital role in implementing reforms, which have established Elbisco's reputation and created solid growth foundations both in Greece and abroad" said Mr | 107 |
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– Ways of knowing (HOS 4)
February 25, 2018 / Leave a comment
How do we know what we know?
This article considers:
(1) the ways we come to believe what we think we know
(2) the many issues with the validation of our beliefs
(3) the implications for building artificial intelligence and robots based on the human operating system.
I recently came across a video (on the site http://www.theoryofknowledge.net) that identified the following 'ways of knowing':
Sensory perception
This list is mainly about mechanisms or processes by which an individual acquires knowledge. It could be supplemented by other processes, for example, 'meditation', 'science' or 'history', each of which provides its own set of approaches to generating new knowledge for both the individual and society as a whole. There are many difference ways in which we come to formulate beliefs and understand the world.
Youtube Video, TOK Ways of Knowing EXPLAINED | Theory of Knowledge Advice, Ivy Lilia, October 2018, 6:16 minutes
In the spirit of working towards a description of the 'human operating system', it is interesting to consider how a robot or other Artificial Intelligence (AI), that was 'running' the human operating system, would draw on its knowledge and beliefs in order to solve a problem (e.g. resolve some inconsistency in its beliefs). This forces us to operationalize the process and define the control mechanism more precisely. I will work through the above list of 'ways of knowing' and illustrate how each might be used.
Let's say that the robot is about to go and do some work outside and, for a variety of reasons, needs to know what the weather is like (e.g. in deciding whether to wear protective clothing, or how suitable the ground is for sowing seeds or digging up for some construction work etc.) .
First it might consult its senses. It might attend to its visual input and note the patterns of light and dark, comparing this to known states and conclude that it was sunny. The absence of the familiar sound patterns (and smell) of rain might provide confirmation. The whole process of matching the pattern of data it is receiving through its multiple senses, with its store of known patterns, can be regarded as 'intuitive' because it is not a reasoning process as such. In the Khanemman sense of 'system 1' thinking, the robot just knows without having to perform any reasoning task.
Youtube Video, System 1 and System 2, Stoic Academy, February 2017, 1:26 minutes
The knowledge obtained from matching perception to memory can nevertheless be supplemented by reasoning, or other forms of knowledge that confirm or question the intuitively-reached conclusion. If we introduce some conflicting knowledge, e.g. that the robot thinks it's the middle of the night in it's current location, we then create a circumstance in which there is dissonance between two sources of knowledge – the perception of sunlight and the time of day. This assumes the robot has elaborated knowledge about where and when the sun is above the horizon and can potentially shine (e.g. through language – see below).
In people the dissonance triggers the emotional state of 'surprise' and the accompanying motivation to account for the contradiction.
Youtube Video, Cognitive Dissonance, B2Bwhiteboard, February 2012, 1:37 minutes
Likewise, we might label the process that causes the search for an explanation in the robot as 'surprise'. An attempt may be made to resolve this dissonance through Kahneman's slower, more reasoned, system 2 thinking. Either the perception is somehow faulty, or the knowledge about the time of day is inaccurate. Maybe the robot has mistaken the visual and audio input as coming from its local senses when in fact the input has originated from the other side of the world. (Fortunately, people do not have to confront the contradictions caused by having distributed sensory systems).
Probably in the course of reasoning about how to reconcile the conflicting inputs, the robot will have had to run through some alternative possible scenarios that could account for the discrepancy. These may have been generated by working through other memories associated with either the perceptual inputs or other factors that have frequently led to mis-interpretations in the past. Sometimes it may be necessary to construct unique possible explanations out of component part explanations. Sometimes an explanation may emerge through the effect of numerous ideas being 'primed' through the spreading activation of associated memories. Under these circumstances, you might easily say that the robot was using it's imagination in searching for a solution that had not previously been encountered.
Youtube Video, TEDxCarletonU 2010 – Jim Davies – The Science of Imagination, TEDx Talks, September 2010, 12:56 minutes
Lastly, to faith and language as sources of knowledge. Faith is different because, unlike all the other sources, it does not rely on evidence or proof. If the robot believed, on faith, that the sun was shining, any contradictory evidence would be discounted, perhaps either as being in error or as being irrelevant. Faith is often maintained by others, and this could be regarded as a form of evidence, but in general if you have faith in or trust something, it is at least filling the gap between the belief and the direct evidence for it.
Here is a religious account of faith that identifies it with trust in the reliability of God to deliver, where the main delivery is eternal life.
Youtube video, What is Faith – Matt Morton – The Essence of Faith – Grace 360 conference 2015,Grace Bible Church, September 2015, 12:15 minutes
Language as a source of evidence is a catch-all for the knowledge that comes second hand from the teachings and reports of others. This is indirect knowledge, much of which we take on trust (i.e. faith), and some of which is validated by direct evidence or other indirect evidence. Most of us take on trust that the solar system exists, that the sun is at the centre, and that earth is in the third orbit. We have gained this knowledge through teachers, friends, family, tv, radio, books and other sources that in their turn may have relied on astronomers and other scientist who have arrived at these conclusions through observation and reason. Few of us have made the necessary direct observations and reasoned inferences to have arrived at the conclusion directly. If our robot were to consult databases of known 'facts', put together by people and other robots, then it would be relying on knowledge through this source.
People like to think that their own beliefs are 'true' and that these beliefs provide a solid basis for their behaviour. However, the more we find out about the psychology of human belief systems the more we discover the difficulties in constructing consistent and coherent beliefs, and the shortcomings in our abilities to construct accurate models of 'reality'. This creates all kinds of difficulties amongst people in their agreements about what beliefs are true and therefore how we should relate to each other in peaceful and productive ways.
If we are now going on to construct artificial intelligences and robots that we interact with and have behaviours that impact the world, we want to be pretty sure that the beliefs a robot develops still provide a basis for understanding their behaviour.
Unfortunately, every one of the 'ways of knowing<|fim_middle|> to look at the vast body of research on visual illusion (e.g. see 'Representations of Reality – Part 1') to appreciate that our senses are often fooled. Here are some examples related to colour vision:
Youtube Video, Optical illusions show how we see | Beau Lotto,TED, October 2009, 18:59 minutes
Furthermore, our perceptions are heavily guided by what we pay attention to, meaning that we can miss all sorts of significant and even life-threatening information in our environment. Would a robot be similarly misled by its sensory inputs? It's difficult to predict whether a robot would be subject to sensory illusions, and this might depend on the precise engineering of the input devices, but almost certainly a robot would have to be selective in what input it attended to. Like people, there could be a massive volume of raw sensory input and every stage of processing from there on would contain an element of selection and interpretation. Even differences in what input devices are available (for vision, sound, touch or even super-human senses like perception of non-visual parts of the electromagnetic spectrum), will create a sensory environment (referred to as the 'umwelt' or 'merkwelt'in ethology) that could be quite at variance with human perceptions of the world.
YouTube Video, What is MERKWELT? What does MERKWELT mean? MERKWELT meaning, definition & explanation, The Audiopedia, July 2017, 1:38 minutes
Memory: The fallibility of human memory is well documented. See, for example, 'The Story of Your Life', especially the work done by Elizabeth Loftus on the reliability of memory. A robot, however, could in principle, given sufficient storage capacity, maintain a perfect and stable record of all its inputs. This is at variance with the human experience but could potentially mean that memory per se was more accurate, albeit that it would be subject to variance in what input was stored and the mechanisms of retrieval and processing.
Intuition and reason: This is the area where some of the greatest gains (and surprises) in understanding have been made in recent years. Much of this progress is reported in the work of Daniel Kahneman that is cited many times in these writings. Errors and biases in both intuition (system 1 thinking) and reason (system 2 thinking) are now very well documented. A long list of cognitive biases can be found at:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cognitive_biases
Would a robot be subject to the same type of biases? It is already established that many algorithms, used in business and political campaigning, routinely build in the biases, either deliberately or inadvertently. If a robot's processes of recognition and pattern matching are based on machine learning algorithms that have been trained on large historical datasets, then bias is virtually guaranteed to be built into its most basic operations. We need to treat with great caution any decision-making based on machine learning and pattern matching.
Youtube Vide, Cathy O'Neil | Weapons of Math Destruction, PdF YouTube, June 2015, 12:15 minutes
As for reasoning, there is some hope that the robustness of proofs that can be achieved computationally may save the artificial intelligence or robot from at least some of the biases of system 2 thinking.
Emotion: Biases in people due to emotional reactions are commonplace. See, for example:
Youtube Video, Unconscious Emotional Influences on Decision Making, The Rational Channel, February 2017, 8:56 minutes
However, it is also the case that emotions are crucial in decision–making. Emotions often provide the criteria and motivation on which decisions are made and without them, people can be severely impaired in effective decision-making. Also, emotions provide at least one mechanism for approaching the subject of ethics in decision-making.
Youtube Video, When Emotions Make Better Decisions – Antonio Damasio, FORA.tv, August 2009, 3:22 minutes
Can robots have emotions? Will robots need emotions to make effective decisions? Will emotions bias or impair a robot's decision-making. These are big questions and are only touched on here, but briefly, there is no reason why emotions cannot be simulated computationally although we can never know if an artificial computational device will have the subjective experience of emotion (or thought). Probably some simulation of emotion will be necessary for robot decision-making to align with human values (e.g. empathy) and, yes, a side-effect of this may well be to introduce bias into decision-making.
For a selection of BBC programmes on emotions see:
http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/topics/Emotions?page=1
Imagination: While it doesn't make much sense to talk about 'error' when it comes to imagination, we might easily make value-judgments about what types of imagination might be encouraged and what might be discouraged. Leaving aside debates about how, say excessive experience of violent video games, might effect imagination in people, we can at least speculate as to what might or should go on in the imagination of a robot as it searches through or creates new models to help predict the impacts of its own and others behaviours.
A big issue has arisen as to how an artificial intelligence can explain its decision-making to people. While AI based on symbolic reasoning can potentially offer a trace describing the steps it took to arrice at a conclusion, AIs based on machine learning would be able to say little more than 'I recognized the pattern as corresponding to so and so', which to a person is not very explanatory. It turns out that even human experts are often unable to provide coherent accounts of their decision-making, even when they are accurate.
Having an AI or robot account for its decision-making in a way understandable to people is a problem that I will address in later analysis of the human operating system and, I hope, provide a mechanism that bridges between machine learning and more symbolic approaches.
Faith: It is often said that discussing faith and religion is one of the easiest ways to lose friends. Any belief based on faith is regarded as true by definition, and any attempt to bring evidence to refute it, stands a good chance of being regarded as an insult. Yet people have different beliefs based on faith and they cannot all be right. This not only creates a problem for people, who will fight wars over it, but it is also a significant problem for the design of AIs and robots. Do we plug in the Muslim or the Christian ethics module, or leave it out altogether? How do we build values and ethical principles into robots anyway, or will they be an emergent property of its deep learning algorithms. Whatever the answer, it is apparent that quite a lot can go badly wrong if we do not understand how to endow computational devices with this 'way of knowing'.
Language: As observed above, this is a catch-all for all indirect 'ways of knowing' communicated to people through media, teaching, books or any other form of communication. We only have to consider world wars and other genocides to appreciate that not everything communicated by other people is believable or ethical. People (and organizations) communicate erroneous information and can deliberately lie, mislead and deceive.
We strongly tend to believe information that comes from the people around us, our friends and associates, those people that form part of our sub-culture or in-group. We trust these sources for no other reason than we are familiar with them. These social systems often form a mutually supporting belief system, whether or not it is grounded in any direct evidence.
Youtube Video, The Psychology of Facts: How Do Humans (mis)Trust Information?, YaleCampus, January 2017
Taking on trust the beliefs of others that form part of our mutually supporting social bubble is a 'way of knowing' that is highly error prone. This is especially the case when combined with other 'ways of knowing', such as faith, that in their nature cannot be validated. Will robot communities develop, who can talk to each other instantaneously and 'telepathically' over wireless connections, also be prone to the bias of groupthink?
The validation of beliefs
So, there are multiple ways in which we come to know or believe things. As Descartes argued, no knowledge is certain (see 'It's Like This'). There are only beliefs, albeit that we can be more sure of some that others, normally by virtue of their consistency with other beliefs. Also, we note that our beliefs are highly vulnerable to error. Any robot operating system that mimics humans will also need to draw on the many different 'ways of knowing' including a basic set of assumptions that it takes to be true without necessarily any supporting evidence (it's 'faith' if you like). There will also need to be many precautions against AIs and robots developing erroneous or otherwise unacceptable beliefs and basing their behaviours on these.
There is a mechanism by which we try to reconcile differences between knowledge coming from different sources, or contradictory knowledge coming from the same source. Most people seem to be able to tolerate a fair degree of contradiction or ambiguity about all sorts of things, including the fundamental questions of life.
Youtube Video, Defining Ambiguity, Corey Anton, October 2009, 9:52 minutes
We can hold and work with knowledge that is inconsistent for long periods of time, but nevertheless there is a drive to seek consistency.
In the description of the human operating system, it would seem that there are many ways in which we establish what we believe and what beliefs we will recruit to the solving of any particular problem. Also, the many sources of knowledge may be inconsistent or contradictory. When we see inconsistencies in others we take this as evidence that we should doubt them and trust them less.
Youtube Video, Why Everyone (Else) is a Hypocrite, The RSA, April 2011, 17:13 minutes
However, there is, at least, a strong tendency in most people, to establish consistency between beliefs (or between beliefs and behaviours), and to account for inconsistencies. The only problem is that we are often prone to achieve consistency by changing sound evidence-based beliefs in preference to the strongly held beliefs based on faith or our need to protect our sense of self-worth.
Youtube Video, Cognitive dissonance (Dissonant & Justified), Brad Wray, April 2011. 4:31 minutes
From this analysis we can see that building AIs and robots is fraught with problems. The human operating system has evolved to survive, not to be rational or hold high ethical values. If we just blunder into building AIs and robots based on the human operating system we can potentially make all sorts of mistakes and give artificial agents power and autonomy without understanding how their beliefs will develop and the consequences that might have for people.
Fortunately there are some precautions we can take. There are ways of thinking that have been developed to counter the many biases that people have by default. Science is one method that aims to establish the best explanations based on current knowledge and the principle of simplicity. Also, critical thinking has been taught since Aristotle and fortunately many courses have been developed to spread knowledge about how to assess claims and their supporting arguments.
Youtube Video, Critical Thinking: Issues, Claims, Arguments, fayettevillestatenc, January 2011
Sensory perception – The robot's 'umwelt' (what it can sense) may well differ from that of people, even to the extent that the robot can have super-human senses such as infra-red / x-ray vision, super-sensitive hearing and smell etc. We may not even know what it's perceptual world is like. It may perceive things we cannot and miss things we find obvious.
Memory – human memory is remarkably fallible. It is not so much a recording, as a reconstruction based on clues, and influenced by previously encountered patterns and current intentions. Given sufficient storage capacity, robots may be able to maintain memories as accurate recording of the states of their sensory inputs. However, they may be subject to similar constraints and biases as people in the way that memories are retrieved and used to drive decision-making and behaviour.
Intuition – if the robot's pattern-matching capabilities are based on the machine learning of historical training sets then bias will be built into its basic processes. Alternatively, if the robot is left to develop from it's own experience then, as with people, great care has to be taken to ensure it's early experience will not lead to maladaptive behaviours (i.e. behaviours not acceptable to the people around it).
Reason – through the use of mathematical and logical proofs, robots may well have the capacity to reason with far greater ability than people. They can potentially spot (and resolve) inconsistencies arising out of different 'ways of knowing' with far greater adeptness than people. This may create a quite different balance between how robots make decisions and how people do using emotion and reason in tandem.
Emotion – human emotion are general states that arise in response to both internal and external events and provide both the motivation and the criteria on which decisions are made. In a robot, emerging global states could also potentially act to control decision-making. Both people, and potentially robots, can develop the capacity to explicitly recognize and control these global states (e.g. as when suppressing anger). This ability to reflect, and to cause changes in perspective and behaviour, is a kind of feedback loop that is inherently unpredictable. Not having sufficient understanding to predict how either people or robots will react under particular circumstances, creates significant uncertainty.
Imagination – much the same argument about predictability can be made about imagination. Who knows where either a person's or a robot's imagination may take them? Chess computers out-performed human players because of their capacity to reason in depth about the outcomes of every move, not because they used pattern-matching based on machine learning (although it seems likely that this approach will have been tried and succeeded by now). Robots can far exceed human capacities to reason through and model future states. A combination of brute force computing and heuristics to guide search, may have far-reaching consequences for a robot's ability to model the world and predict future outcomes, and may far exceed that of people.
Faith – faith is axiomatic for people and might also be for robots. People can change their faith (especially in a religious, political or ethical sense) but more likely, when confronted with contradictory evidence or sufficient need (i.e. to align with a partner's faith) people with either ignore the evidence or find reasons to discount it. This way can lead to multiple interpretations of the same basic axioms, in the same way as there are many religious denominations and many interpretations of key texts within these. In robots, Asimov's three laws of robotics would equate to their faith. However, if robots used similar mechanisms as people (e.g. cognitive dissonance) to resolve conflicting beliefs, then in the same way as God's will can be used to justify any behaviour, a robot may be able to construct a rationale for any behaviour whatever its axioms. There would be no guarantee that a robot would obey its own axiomatic laws.
Communication – The term language is better labeled 'communication' in order to make it more apparent that it extends to all methods by which we 'come to know' from sources outside ourselves. Since communication of knowledge from others is not direct experience, it is effectively taken on trust. In one sense it is a matter of faith. However, the degree of consistency across external sources and between what is communicated (i.e. that a teacher or TV will re-enforce what a parent has said etc.) and between what is communicated and what is directly observed (for example, that a person does what he says he will do) will reveal some sources as more believable than others. Also we appeal to motive as a method of assessing degree of trust. People are notoriously influenced by the norms, opinions and behaviours of their own reference groups. Robots with their potential for high bandwidth communication could, in principle, behave with the same psychology of the crowd as humans, only much more rapidly and 'single-mindedly'. It is not difficult to see how the Dr Who image of the Borg, acting a one consciousness, could come about.
Other Ways of Knowing
It is worth considering just a few of the many other 'ways' of knowing' not considered above, partly because some of these might help mitigate some of the risks of human 'ways of knowing' .
Science – Science has evolved methods that are deliberately designed to create impartial, robust and consistent models and explanations of the world. If we want robots to create accurate models, then an appeal to scientific method is one approach. In science, patterns are observed, hypotheses are formulated to account for these patterns, and the hypotheses are then tested as impartially as possible. Science also seeks consistency by reconciling disparate findings into coherent overall theories. While we may want robots to use scientific methods in their reasoning, we may want to ensure that robots do not perform experiments in the real world simply for the sake of making their own discoveries. An image of concentration camp scientists comes to mind. Nevertheless, in many small ways robots will need to be empirical rather than theoretical in order to operate at all.
Argument – Just like people, robots of any complexity will encounter ambiguity and inconsistencies. These will be inconsistencies between expectation and actuality, between data from one way of knowing and another (e.g. between reason and faith, or between perception and imagination etc.), or between a current state and a goal state. The mechanisms by which these inconsistencies are resolved will be crucial. The formulation of claims; the identification, gathering and marshalling of evidence; the assessment of the relevance of evidence; and the weighing of the evidence, are all processes akin to science but can cut across many 'ways of knowing' as an aid to decision making. Also, this approach may help provide explanations of a robot's behaviour that would be understandable to people and thereby help bridge the gap between opaque mechanisms, such as pattern matching, and what people will accept as valid explanations.
Meditation – Meditation is a place-holder for the many ways in which altered states of consciousness can lead to new knowledge. Dreaming, for example, is another altered state that may lead to new hypotheses and models based on novel combination of elements that would not otherwise have been brought together. People certainly have these altered states of consciousness. Could there be an equivalent in the robot, and would we want robots to indulge in such extreme imaginative states where we would have no idea what they might consist of? This is not to necessarily attribute consciousness to robots, which is a separate, and probably meta-physical question.
Theory of mind – For any autonomous agent with its own beliefs and intentions, including a robot, it is crucial to its survival to have some notion of the intentions of other autonomous agents, especially when they might be a direct threat to survival. People have sophisticated but highly biased and error-prone mechanisms for modelling the intentions of others. These mechanisms are particularly alert for any sign of threat and, as a proven mechanism, tend to assume threat even when none is present. The people that did not do this, died out. Work in robotics already recognizes that, to be useful, robots have to cooperate with people and this requires some modelling of their intentions. As this last video illustrates, the modelling of others intentions is inherently complex because it is recursive.
YouTube Video, Comprehending Orders of Intentionality (for R. D. Laing), Corey Anton, September 2014, 31:31 minutes
If there is a conclusion to this analysis of 'ways of knowing' it is that creating intelligent, autonomous mechanisms, such as robots and AIs, will have inherently unpredictable consequences, and that, because the human operating system is so highly error-prone and subject to bias, we should not necessarily build them in our own image.
– Executive function (HOS 3)
Secret of Success
Executive Function in the Individual and the Organisation
Successful organisations like Google and Facebook allow their employees an opportunity to experiment and pursue their own projects. Many public sector organisations also allow their employees opportunity for personal development. Why does this work and what does it say about how organisations need to be run in a world of increasingly rapid change? What kind of executive control is appropriate for organisations in the 21st Century?
To answer this we could look at all kinds of management, organisational and accounting theory. But there is another perspective. This is to look at what psychology has revealed about the executive function (REFs 1, 2, 3) in the individual and then to map that back onto what it means in terms of the organisation. This perspective can be revealing. It highlights why organisations behave in certain ways, it can help distinguish useful and healthy behaviours from those that are ineffective, aberrant and perhaps eventually self-defeating, and it can give us a way of looking at the executive function that is grounded in an increasingly sophisticated understanding of the human condition. It can point the way to making organisations more resilient.
YouTube Video, 2012 Burnett Lecture Part 2 ADHD, Self-Regulation and Executive Functioning Theory, UNCCHLearningCentre, November 2012, 58:44
YouTube Video, InBrief: Executive Function: Skills for Life and Learning, Center on the Developing Child at Harvard University, June 2012, 5:35 minutes
Youtube Video, Executive Function and the Developing Brain: Implications for Education, AMSDMN's channel, November 2013, 58:22 minutes
There are several distinct components to executive function in the individual. These develop from infancy to adulthood more or less in order. This article looks at the overall architecture of control within an organisation then goes through seven executive functions one by one, first looking at what it means in psychological terms, then mapping it onto what it might mean in terms of organisational behaviour and the functions of an executive board.
In both the individual and the organisation, executive function is self-regulation. It is 'actions on oneself' or, in the organisational context, the executive actions in relation to the organisation itself. When fully developed the several aspects of executive function go together to provide the capacity for self-control in a complex and changing world.
There are numerous accounts of what makes for success in both the individual (and in the organisation). Many of these emphasise one or other aspect of executive function such as self-awareness, self-direction or emotional intelligence. However, all aspects of the executive function have a part to play, and understanding executive function helps demonstrate how all these parts develop and integrate to provide the many capabilities needed for success.
The Architecture of Control
The overall architecture of control in both the individual and the organisation can be seen as a two-part system with executive function residing in the second part.
Part 1 – An Automatic System
Much of what happens in both individuals and organisations goes on without much thought or reflection.
Individuals follow their routines and habits. When everything is predictable, actions like cooking or driving can be carried out largely on 'autopilot', often while thinking about something entirely different. In this manner, we can operate adequately on the basis of responding to cues in the immediate environment with little conscious control or effort. This is what Kahneman in his book 'Thinking fast and Slow' (REF 4) calls 'System 1' or intuitive thinking. It deals with the here and now when everything is familiar and reasonably certain.
YouTube Video, Kahneman: "Thinking, Fast and Slow" | Talks at Google, November 2011, 1:02 hours
Similarly, in the organisation many activities can be carried out according to it's established procedures and practices and require no executive intervention. They may have needed executive intervention to set them up but once bedded-in they can run without further executive input unless something unexpected or out of the ordinary happens.
Part 2 – A System for Exception Handling and Taking Proactive Control
This system is engaged when the automatic system needs help. In terms of Khaneman's theory, it is 'System 2' thinking. It is engaged when encountering difficulty, novelty and in matters that are not in the here and now. The executive level allows 'action at a distance' from the here and now, and deals with circumstances that are less certain and predictable.
In the individual, when something unpredictable happens, this system seems to pop items into consciousness and then relies on a somewhat slow and labourious form of conscious processing to effect a resolution. This takes effort and resource. It takes willpower and can use up cognitive capacity. What can be done is limited by the available capacity, and focus of attention on one thing will limit the capacity to pay attention to another.
In the organisation the executive may be called in to deal with some problem or may step in when it sees something going off-track (like profits, sales, production, costs, staff-turnover etc). As with the individual, this system, is slow and labourious by contrast to the 'business as usual' operation. It also requires the consumption of precious resources and dealing with one situation can detract from dealing with another, perhaps causing the organisation to take it's eye off the ball.
In practice, in a healthy individual or organisation, the automatic system and the exception handling system work together in a highly interleaved manner. They also develop together. Functions that start out as requiring exception handling, become automated over time as they become embedded.
Pro-active Control
In the individual, the pro-active element of executive function emerges in childhood. The extent of the ability to inhibit certain behaviours correlates highly with many factors in later life including academic and social competence, wealth, health and (negatively with) criminality. It seems that the developing child moves gradually from reactive control to pro-active control. (REF 5).
YouTube Video, Integrative Science Symposium: Lifespan Development of Executive Control, July 2015, 2:10:08 hours
This is more than just being able to stop or inhibit certain behaviours. There is an extra step. This is to re-construe the world in a slightly different way and become alert to other things going on in the environment. The extra step leaves open the option to continue the behaviour, stop it or do something more subtle.
Similarly, in the organisation, spotting an undesirable behaviour, trend or process does not generally result in immediately shutting it down. There is a period of reflection, where attention may be re-focused and alternatives considered. In both organisations and individuals, this may take time. An individual may think through the potential consequences of taking particular courses of action. The organisation may do the same by embarking on investigations or sophisticated modelling and simulations to help clarify the consequences of running with different options.
A simplified model of the control and executive function is:
No problems – continue on autopilot
Problem – re-focus attention, generate and evaluate options
Also, it is notable that problem solving can go on recursively. So, if a problem is encountered with any of the sub-processes of problem solving, then that's a new problem that is subject to the same processes in achieving resolution. Meanwhile the whole process is being recursively and externally evaluated such that if it's not going anywhere useful, it itself can be re-considered.
7 Stages of Development of Executive Function
Seven stages of development of the executive function are described in terms of what's going on for both the individual and the organisation. There are striking parallels.
Many of these stages have a time dimension. An infant lives in the here and now, a teenager in perhaps weeks. An adult, like an organisation, may have a time horizon of months or years. The development of executive function enables longer time horizons.
In Early Development (0 years to 5 years)
Stage 1 – Self-Awareness
In the individual, self-awareness develops in infancy (from 3 months and continues to develop for a further 10 years). The capacity to turn one's attention away from the environment and towards ones own actions and thoughts, grows. The self-monitoring function redirects attention back on the self. An executive has developed that watches the self.
An organisation might be self-aware from the start if it has been set up with management information systems. The executives can inspect the reports and consider actions designed to affect trends they see in the data. The executives normally act within a stable framework of parameters albeit that the values on the parameters are changing. Also an organisation may grow in self-awareness by introducing new systems to provide feedback on what are deemed to be key parameters.
When (informal or formal) management information systems come into play, they can become the basis of a prevailing viewpoint on the direction of the organisation, both past and future. This is the backdrop against which executive decision-making takes place. The organisation has become to some degree self-aware and able to turn attention onto itself.
However, both the individual and the organisation operate in what Simon refers to as 'bounded rationality' (REF 6). Organisational self-awareness is subjective in the sense that the organisation is only aware of what it is aware of. It may not be aware of all manner of things and what it is aware of may not be representative or accurate. In this sense, the organisation mimics the individual and may be subject to the same misconceptions about the self.
YouTube Video, Herbert Simon, rationalLeft, July 2013, 3:42 mins
For example, Baring Bank may have been blind to the extent of the damage a rogue trader could do. Kodak may have deluded itself into thinking that there would always be a market for film (as opposed to digital). In 2008, the banking industry may have been unaware of the damage it might do to itself by not containing risk. Just as likely, these organisations were aware but didn't care or know how to react.
These are just examples of self-awareness of organisations and begs the question of who holds this awareness. Is it distributed throughout the organisation or is it held by the executive? Just as in the brain, any one neuron is 'aware' of the activity of other neurons it is connected to, whether they be near neighbours or in some more remote location, awareness is distributed throughout the individuals and departments in an organisation. Each department and organisational role is tasked with being informed about particular things – production, human resources, suppliers and so on. In collecting and reporting both quantitative and qualitative data about local activity, the executive is fed information from across the organisation and can build a broader awareness. However, just as the brain can be deceived by it's senses or selective and biased in its interpretation, the uncritical executive can also be led astray.
Stage 2 – Self-Restraint
Self-restraint develops In the individual between the ages of 3 and 5 years. This is the ability for a child to stop him or herself doing something that they would otherwise do automatically (like taking a sweet). It is inhibition of action. Children between 3 and 5 years will put their hands over their mouths to stop themselves saying something. In time this 'executive inhibition' can be done internally but it takes effort. It draws down on a limited resource.
In the organisation there are several mechanisms for self-restraint. Budgets act as inhibitors by containing costs in parts of the organisation and overall. Also, organisational policies, procedures, standards and guidelines are often designed to inhibit behaviours other than those already approved. The development of procedures is often motivated by 'error' – something has gone wrong and the organisation tries to make sure it doesn't happen again. Procedures, new or just changing, often meet some resistance and it takes effort or resource to overcome it. Once bedded in, however, they can be executed more cheaply. The operation of restraint has become automatic. It has moved from the proactive and exception handling control system to the routine and automatic control system.
Stage 3 – Imagery and rapid brain development
In the individual imagery is 'the mind's eye' or 'a theatre in your mind'. It is the ability to resurrect (visual and other) images from the past (together with accompanying emotions) to deal with the present. In the child, imagery develops between 3 and 5 years. This is mainly imagery of situations represented in all the salient senses – visual, auditory, tactile, taste and smell – whatever was relevant at the time. The imagery may be stored along with how you feel about it, good or bad (to some degree). Pattern-matching triggers memories and resurrects relevant imagery from the past to act as a guide or a map that can be used in the here and now.
The developing brain at this stage consumes 60% of the glucose consumed in food and is creating new connections between neurones at a rapid rate. Although the visual systems in the brain can be fully wired up from the age of one, other sensory modalities take longer. At some stage a tipping point is reached when infrequently used connections are purged. This developmental progression is thought to facilitate innovation and hypothesis testing about the environment up to the point where consolidation on viable interpretations set in. The young mind mimics the progression of science in exploration before consolidation into useful knowledge that can drive applications.
Youtube Video, Alison Gopnik Lecture at CFI – When and why children are more intelligent than adults are, Future of Intelligence, September 2017, 1:31:50 hours starting at 15:35 minutes
In the organisation, the memories of staff and the management of files, file sharing, databases and information systems is its 'working memory'. These systems are largely designed with retrieval in mind. Although, the data captured is not inherently what you would call image-evoking, it does perform the same function of retrieving memories (records, documents, anecdotes) that help guide action in the here and now. Envisioning activities, prototyping, simulation and modelling activities in the organisation, parallel the 'theatre of the mind'. They are part of the organisations imaginative activity, where ideas can be tried out before they are fully implemented (and incur the full costs and consequences of acting on the world outside the organisation).
Stage 3a – Theory of Mind
There is another important stage that appears to develop between the ages of 3 and 5 years, that tends not to be emphasised in the mainstream literature on executive function. This is the so-called 'theory of mind' (REF6a) – the ability of a person to model what another person is thinking and feeling. Experiments with children show that a three year old expects everybody else to know what they themselves know, while by 5 years a child understands that other people can have different beliefs from themselves. If, for example, the content of a chocolate box is replaced with, say crayons, in front of a three year old, they will think that somebody later coming into the room will expect to find crayons in the box rather than chocolates. They are unable to differentiate between their own knowledge and the knowledge of others.
REF 6a
YouTube Video, Robert Seyfarth: Theory of Mind, Richard Dawkins Foundation for Reason & Science, May 2010, 3:36 minutes
Theory of mind may not be addressed in mainstream accounts of executive function because it is thought of as a social skill rather than a fundamental information processing capability, but I think it should be thought of as a key part of executive function because it is a base on which later executive functions develop. The multiple voices that develop in private speech, for example, are akin to the playing out in the mind of multiple belief systems and theory of mind must also impact on management of ones own emotions and motivations. In fact, the implications of theory of mind are so significant that it has generated its own large literature. Autism and Asperger's Spectrum disorders increasingly reference both deficiencies in executive function and in theory of mind, adding further support to the argument that theory of mind should be seen as an aspect of executive function.
Research at the Max Planck Institute suggests that the maturation of fibres of a brain structure called the arcuate fascicle, between the ages of three and four years, establishes a connection between (1) a region at the back of the temporal lobe that supports adults thinking about others and their thoughts and (2) a region in the frontal lobe that is involved in keeping things at different levels of abstraction.
REF 6b
Article, Brain Structues that help us understand What Others Think Revealed, Neuroscience News, March 2017
http://neurosciencenews.com/fiber-connection-cognition-6293/
In the organisation, 'theory of mind' is akin to understanding your competitors and your markets. If an organisation's theory is accurate then it will be better able to anticipate the consequences of events, both those that it control and those that are external (e.g. government legislation and changes in market conditions). For example, if an organisation changes the price of one of its products, it would be useful to be able to predict what its customers and competitors would think about this and how they are likely to respond. A good businessman, like a good car salesman, may have an instinct about how customers will respond and may be able to construct a more or less complicated strategy that will drive the behaviours of others in particular ways.
Stage 4 – Private Speech
In the individual, at 3 years old everything is public. Children talk to themselves about the world. Listening to their own speech is a mechanism facilitating reflection and self-control. Between 3 and 5 years vocal actions and accompanying facial expressions become suppressed and the voice becomes internalized as a silent mechanisms of self-control.
Artificial intelligence is now being recruited to re-create the kind of dialogue we have with our inner voices.
REF 6c
BBC Radio 4, The Digital Human – Series 11, Echo, May 2017, 5:27 minutes
http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b08npnh6
However, even as adults, the nuances of facial expression leak information about what is going on in the mind, but most adults learn to distinguish between situations in which this is useful and those in which it presents some danger. Also, they can learn how to dissociate what is going on in the mind from what leaks out in the face and body language, thereby conferring the ability to deceive. (REF 7)
BBC Radio 4, Where do voices inside our heads come from?, April 2016, 5:27 minutes
http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p03qq9mt
Youtube Video, What Causes The Voice In Your Head?, Thoughty2, August 2015, 6:57 minutes
In the organisation, executives are only too aware that they cannot air all of their thoughts in public. Executives are ultra-careful about what they communicate, to whom and how, or they soon learn. Board meetings are often closed and communications can be deliberately targeted, sometime with the help of a communications or PR department. Wise executives rarely blurt out the first thing that comes into their heads. They inhibit that tendency and use their own thoughts to first control their own behaviour. They exercise self-control. Some private speech ends up in the boardroom, especially the closed sessions, while the public speech is crafted by the PR department. Just as in the individual this can be crafted to deceive or mislead, but also, just as in the individual, the real danger comes when the executive starts to believe its own deceptions.
Stage 5 – Management of own emotions
The individual, by resurrecting images of the past, can 'control' his or her own emotional states in order to be able to socialize more effectively and not drive other people away. An individual can act to put themselves in a better frame of mind, not make important decision while angry, and otherwise act to exert some control over their own emotional state.
Daniel Goleman (REF 8) in his book 'Emotional Intelligence' identifies 4 aspects of emotional intelligence – (1) Self Awareness (2) Self-Management (3) Empathy and (4) Relationship Management. The first two of these are regarded as key executive functions whilst empathy and relationship management extend executive function into the social sphere that do not fully develop until adulthood.
YouTube Video, Daniel Goleman Introduces Emotional Intelligence, April 2012, 5:31 minutes
Can organisations be said to have emotions? The answer is 'yes'. Announcing profits, losses, redundancies, being given awards or a bad press can have emotional repercussions throughout the organisation. Sustained 'moods' can have implications for the organisation culture. Some organisations have enthusiasm and optimism while others have low morale and become depressed and dysfunctional. Some organisations feel threatened, get anxious and show some of the common human defence mechanisms such as denial, over-compensation, projection and compartmentalisation (REF 9).
Article, 15 Common Defense Mechanisms, John M. Grohol, Psy.D.
http://psychcentral.com/lib/15-common-defense-mechanisms/
The organisational memory of emotional events in the past (both traumatic and elating) can help to manage a current situation but often relies on there still being people engaged that remember the past. Most executives are only too aware of the relationship between the mood and culture of an organisation and its performance, and act to manage the mood. Even when times are hard they convey a positive message and vision that helps take the organisation forward. However, an unrealistic representation, or a glossing over of current circumstances, risks losing the trust of the people that are the key to future success.
Stage 6 – Management of own motivations
In the individual, this is self-motivation or self-determination. Management of your own motivations frees the individual from thinking and acting in ways that have been learnt, either through practice in response to circumstances or by copying others. It opens new doors. You no longer have to be driven by habits or others expectations. You can think for yourself, determine your own goals, prioritise them as you think fit and work towards them in any way that you like.
Imagery has already developed to allow external consequences to be substituted by mental representation. Motivations can thereby be created in relation to events that are distant in space and time, and these can be reasoned about and managed without recourse to acting on the outside world.
In the organisation: Organisations specialise in the management of motivation. In particular they manage motivations with respect to profit (or at least self sustainability) but this is achieved with reference to the organisation's mission. Many companies will have a list of strategic goals or intentions, and although profit often comes high on the list, there are others such as customer and staff satisfaction. Often separate departments take charge of these different motivations but eventually it is the executive that must coordinate them. At worst it must suppress conflicts. At best it provides orchestration, aligning motivations so that parts of the organisation support each other.
Daniel Pink in his book 'Drive' (REF 10) describes recent studies on how organisational incentives affect employee motivation. For routine tasks that can be performed on 'auto-pilot' (system 1 thinking) monitory incentives seem to work well as a means of keeping people on task and increasing performance. However, and running counter to previous views, it seems that financial incentives either do not work or actually impair performance when the work involves higher level executive functions such as reasoning and problem solving. The more effective incentives for these types of tasks are: autonomy, mastery and purpose. Autonomy means allowing employees to have the freedom to achieve goals in a manner of their own choosing, rather than having the method defined and prescribed. Mastery means giving the employee the freedom and resources to develop their own skills to a high standard, helping engender a greater degree of self-worth. Purpose refers to a socially useful purpose beyond that of the individual. It means joining with others to achieve something great, that the individual could not have achieved alone. Pink argues that the 21st Century worker must be incentivised in this way or they will not be sufficiently agile , resourceful, flexible and resilient to cope with the rapidly changing demands of a modern global economy.
YouTube Video, The puzzle of motivation | Dan Pink, TED, August 2009, 18:36 minutes
Stage 7 – Internalised Play
In the individual, the last manifestation of executive function is internalised play (REF 11). Internal play involves self-awareness and analysis, imagery, synthesis, planning, emotional and motivational control, and problem solving. It builds on all the other executive functions to allow us to take apart any object of our thoughts and re-construct them in the mind, in novel ways, to meet the needs of the moment.
YouTube Video, Learning Through Play: Developing Children's Executive Function, Center on the Developing Child at Harvard University, September 2015, 27 seconds
In the organisation: Organisations that are big and profitable enough, make room for a lot of internal play and experimentation, only some of which will lead anywhere. Play itself allows the organisation to exercise its muscles, fine tune its processes and see where ideas might lead without heavy financial commitment.
Several references are provided below to elaborate on this and to show how play is a necessary ingredient in the development of the highest levels of executive function.
Implications for Organisational Development
Self-Awareness: Without self-awareness there is no self-control, but equally damaging is an inaccurate or biased self-awareness. Key Process Indicators (KPIs) and other management information systems can provide self-awareness but in the same way that an individual can become pre-occupied with their own inaccurate perception of themselves, an organisation can become equally distracted by KPIs that are easy to measure but are not closely aligned to its mission and strategy. It is only too easy to be deceived by the apparent objectivity of KPIs, especially when it is in the interests of different parts of the organisation to supply data that it knows the executive wants to see. In the same way that individuals tend to select the information that confirms their prejudices, an organisation can be similarly 'blind' to information it feels uncomfortable with.
Self-Restraint: An individual without self-restraint is often impulsive, easily distracted, lacks focus and fails to finish tasks. Too much restraint, by contrast, makes the individual inflexible and fixated. Organisations without self-restraint often pursue short-term goals at the expense of longer-term profitability. They are unable to defer gratification. By contrast, some organisations the have a tendency to over-control and tie themselves up in their own bureaucracy. Over time more and more procedure is put into place, often to correct errors of the past, until it is so rigid that it cannot respond to change. This is one reason that organisations often continuously re-structure and why some organisations seem to pulsate as control alternates between being drawn into the centre and distributed to autonomous operating units. Each process seems to run away with itself then needs to be reigned in again. The best organisations, rather than control, simply provide services to their management making it easy to carry out the functions that are central to its strategy, and more difficult to do anything else.
Imagery: The capacity to create, store and retrieve information is key to the individual in their personal development. Without the capability to learn from the past and retrieve that information when relevant an individual would act like an amnesic. An organisation without a memory of the past is similarly disoriented, and will stumble about without an understanding of what works and what doesn't. Furthermore, without memory it is impossible to imagine what could be. Images of the past are the building blocks on which futures are built, often combining elements of the past in new ways to create novel solutions.
Theory of Mind: Understanding how customers and markets will react to events, including those events an organisation has control over, is critical in navigating and organisation through a constantly changing world. An organisation, say a government, that fails to anticipate a negative reaction to a new policy, law or budget change may find itself having to backtrack and even apologise. This is perceived as a weakness, precisely because it demonstrates that the organisation has an inadequate theory about other players. In politics in particular, it shows incompetence because politics is all about the anticipation and management of others' reactions.
Private Speech: Private speech is more than just suppressing what is shown in public. It is the capacity to create internal dialogue and debate, to model and speculate on possible consequences of actions that have not yet been performed. The evaluation of actions before they are performed is essential to good decision making in both the individual and the organisation. Investment decisions benefit greatly from hearing a range of voices, from both within and outside the organisation, before they are acted on.
Management of Emotions: Emotions are at the route of most decision-making because they impact both an individual's and an organisation's priorities. The prevailing ethos of an organisation and how it affects the way staff feel, can be critical to the smooth functioning of the organisation. Some organisations have a 'blame' culture and, all factors being equal, any spontaneous activity on behalf of employees is suppressed. Others encourage free-thinking and innovation. How many organisations monitor these cultural and emotional factors and manage them as standing agenda items? Even when managed, most organisations are ineffective in the control of the prevailing emotional ethos and their interventions to control can easily backfire, especially if they look manipulative.
Management of Motivations: Like other functions 'management of motivations' can be done over-zealously or in too relaxed a manner. Self-determination is an asset so long as it does not fly in the face of circumstances. Motivations and intentions have to compromise with circumstance. The market has to be ready for your brilliant idea. Having said that, switching motivations has a cost. Even introducing a new service is expensive, let alone an entire change of strategy. Balancing the benefits of sticking to your guns with the cost of being flexible is a necessary skill. Organisations that manage to successfully grow organically achieve this balance.
Play: An individual cannot be fully functional without the opportunity to integrate all its mechanisms of executive control around the activity of play. Play allows experimentation and innovation in a safe environment, away from the dangers of the real world. Similarly, the organisation cannot be said to be fully functional without some room to play. The organisational practices of accounting for everything, monitoring every key performance indicator or extorting every last drop of employee or shareholder value, leads to organisations that are essentially reactive and immature. They are unpractised at thinking deeply at all organisational levels, and therefore lack resilience and the ability to adapt smoothly to changing circumstances. Like the individual that has failed to develop a wide range of coping strategies, they may lurch from crisis to crisis. Essentially, any change in circumstances can result in them becoming 'out of control'. | ' is subject to error. We can again go through them one by one and look at the pitfalls.
Sensory perception: We only have | 29 |
Save Our Seas Foundation SOS Foundation
SOSF D'Arros Research Centre D'Arros Research Centre
SOSF Shark Research Center Shark Research Center
SOSF Shark Education Centre Shark Education Centre
Accelerometers on sharks?
© Photo by Ryan Daly | Save Our Seas Foundation
Years funded
To protect certain species of sharks and their habitats, we need to have a clear understanding about how they behave and interact with their environment. Jenna will use accelerometer tags (technologically similar to activity trackers such as fitbits) to measure sicklefin lemon shark behaviour in three-dimensions.
Read project details
Jenna Hounslow
About the project leader
Understanding how, where and why animals behave in certain ways is essential for the development of marine conservation and management strategies. My study aims to classify the behaviour of sicklefin lemon sharks Negaprion acutidens using bio-logging tags called Accelerometer Data Loggers (ADLs). ADL technology is already found in smart phones and fit-bits, and custom-built tags can now be attached to a shark (or any animal) to measure its movement in three dimensions. This is especially useful where direct observation is limited. Observing the natural behaviour of sharks is very difficult, as they lead cryptic lives underwater and many species are...
ADDITIONAL PROJECT LEADERAdrian Gleiss
Developing Tools for Classifying Shark Behaviour from Bio-Logging Data
The overall aim of this project is to use motion sensing sensors, observational ethograms and machine learning algorithms to develop best practice guidelines for the classification of shark behavior using Machine Learning algorithms.
Why is this important
Sharks, like most wildlife, are facing increasing anthropogenic pressures, ranging from direct fishing, by-catch, habitat destruction to climate change. In addition to these pressures, Sharks are intrinsically biologically vulnerable due to their low fecundity and late sexual maturation.
In many cases, effective science based management relies on accurate data on the impacts of these many pressures on the behavior and ecology of individual animals, in order to devise effective policy. In many cases, these have been solved by the advent of telemetry able to resolve the distribution of individuals in space and time. However, in many cases, responses of individuals may not be distributional in nature and may be related to changes in the behavior or physiology of the individual.
Novel tags, such as accelerometers promise to solve these problems, but the potential of these techniques are yet to be fully realized.
The study of the behaviour of free-ranging animals in their natural environment is often problematic due to observational difficulties and inadvertently altering natural behaviour. The advent of telemetry has transformed our ability to make "observations" while animals are out of sight and undisturbed in their natural environment. For sharks, acoustic and satellite telemetry has yielded a wealth of knowledge on spatio-temporal distribution of individuals , in turn elucidating many aspects of their life-history, such as home ranges (Heupel et al. 2004), seasonal migrations (Weng and Block 2004), reproductive migrations (Campana et al. 2010) and ontogenetic changes in habitat-use (Whitty et al. 2009). Despite the great advances these technologies have made, relating these data to ecologically meaningful activities (e.g. foraging, refuging and mating) has relied on many assumptions (Whitney et al. 2012). Yet identifying spatio-temporal patterns in such activities may be crucial for some aspects of management and conservation, such as identifying critical<|fim_middle|> look after their babies, but they do choose a safe place to give birth. Ornella's studies young blacktip reef and sicklefin lemon sharks in St Joseph's lagoon to see how they get along while growing up together.
SOSF D'Arros Research Centre
D'Arros Island
Amirante Island Group, Outer Islands
About SOSF D'Arros Research Centre
To preserve and showcase the ecological integrity of D'Arros Island and St Joseph Atoll through research, monitoring, restoration and education.
Location & Geography
Atoll map
History of the islands
Terrestrial environment
Ecosystem rehabilitation
Seychelles News | habitat for mating or foraging.
Advances in bio-logging techniques now permit the recording of high-resolution motion data, which has the potential to allow researchers to classify behavior at sub-second resolution, as pioneered on largely terrestrial animals (Wilson et al. 2008). These types of tags are now increasingly applied in shark research (Gleiss et al. 2016; Gleiss et al. 2011a; Payne et al. 2016; Whitney et al. 2010; Whitney et al. 2007). Although relatively new, this technology has already resulted into a number of insights into fundamental aspects of shark biology, such as swimming behavior (Gleiss et al. 2011a; Nakamura et al. 2015; Nakamura et al. 2011), activity rhythms (Bouyoucos et al. 2017a; Gleiss et al. 2013) and energy demands (Gleiss et al. 2010; Lear et al. 2017), as well as increasingly studies of applied value, such as recovery fishing capture (Bouyoucos et al. 2017b; Whitney et al. 2016).
Despite the biological insights gathered by these studies to date, there remains significant scope for improving these methodologies. It is currently assumed that acceleration has to be recorded at high frequency to discern biologically relevant signals. However, this is largely based on anecdotal evidence of researchers classifying these data by eye, without the use of sophisticated classification algorithms. The reason for this paucity of data is that few researchers have access to large sharks under controlled conditions.
This project seeks to explore how the classification of shark behaviour using motion sensors (gyroscope, magnetometer and accelerometer) can be optimized through appropriate choices of sampling frequency and the sensors utilized. This will result in a best practice guide for the programming of such tags, in turn increasing the efficacy of future studies, by either requiring fewer animals to be tagged since more data is collected per individual or by increasing the duration per individual offering important insights into longer-term behavioural changes.
Identify the most important sensors for the classification of behaviour
Investigate the influence of tag sampling frequency on the classification of behaviour
Evaluate the trade-off between recording duration (based on the number of sensors utilised and their sampling frequency) and the accuracy of classification
You might be interested by these projects
Motivation behind movements — the home range of sharks
By Evan Byrnes
Marine protected areas (MPAs) are only effective if the species you want to safeguard stays within its borders. Evan will assess factors such as movement, energy use, and prey availability to understand if and how these factors govern the home range size of sharks, ultimately improving the design of MPAs.
Changing coral — assessing reef health
By Elena Gadoutsis
To develop long-term solutions for coral reef management, we have to understand the threats to coral reefs, such as rising sea temperatures. Elena will survey the reefs in D'Arros and St Joseph in the Seychelles, comparing this year's findings to previous data.
Baby sharks sharing space
By Ornella Weideli
Sharks don't | 678 |
Overall Monthly Winner for 2014 C. O'Neill's
April 30, 2015 limericktidytown
Why did we create the monthly awards:
We wanted a varied choice from different locations around the city, so for example chose The Copper Room in April for the basement element to show just what incredible potential so many of the city's neglected basements have, and similarly Tom Collins in October for showing just how pretty a back street alleyway can look with a bit of TLC. Again, the award in March went to Frances Twomey's Solicitors offices as a perfect example of just how impressive Limerick's wonderful Georgian buildings can look when maintained so lovingly.
Another award, in fact our first way back in January 2014, went to the wonderfully eclectic Lucky Lane, for completely transforming what was a rundown laneway and also for selling recycled and second hand goods, which is very much in keeping with the sustainability element of the Tidy Towns ethos.
Other awards went not necessarily to premises alone but to individuals who we felt deserved recognition for their hard work. For example the staff of Chicken Hut who won the award back in February 2014, as we rarely passed during our clean ups without seeing a member of staff outside with a sweeping brush or a cloth. Also Fergusons who won the award in August were chosen as they had been so generous in allowing us to use their vacant premises at the corner of O'Connell Street and Thomas Street to display our Georgian Doors paintings project for the City of Culture, while at the same time showing that vacant premises don't have to be simply left to stand idly by, but can be of benefit to the community.
St Joseph's Church Gardens were chosen in May not only as a fine example of a beautiful urban garden but to recognise the work that goes in by all the community there in keeping it so, particularly the members of the South Limerick<|fim_middle|>Limerick looked so beautiful at Christmastime (I think you'll all agree!) that we gave the December award to the city in general, which means our final official award of 2014 went to Kleiser's Pianos in November, a beautifully maintained old Limerick shop which has stood the test of time as we wanted to show that while it is important to embrace and encourage the new, it is also vital to maintain and be proud of our traditional buildings and shop frontages.
So there you have it, a brief rundown of all our winners for 2014.
Given the wide variety and the fact that we simply couldn't choose from our 11 worthy winners, we put it to a public vote and let the people of Limerick choose via social media and we are delighted to announce that the overall winner from our monthly award winners in 2014 is:
C O'Neill's Fruit and Veg, Upper William Street.
monthly awards shop
April Award for Parnell Plaza
Compu B the winner for May 2015
3 thoughts on "Overall Monthly Winner for 2014 C. O'Neill's"
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Pingback: Vote for the 2017 Limerick Tidy Towns Overall Winner - Limerick City Tidy Town | Residents Association – this was a combined award to property and people!
One of our favourite stories of how a winner was chosen was when we were cleaning Upper William Street the week before the arrival of Giant Granny, when we bumped into Miriam O'Neill outside her lovely fruit & veg shop C. O'Neill's. Not only was the property looking great, but Miriam's enthusiasm for keeping it so was clear for all to see and the three of us who chatted with her that evening were all unanimous in deciding that they definitely deserved the September Award.
Sharon Slater presenting the trophy to Miriam O'Neill of C. O'Neill's
A great addition to the Limerick streetscape, especially in an area that needed that shot in the arm, Hook and Ladder were chosen in June as quite simply, you could not get a finer example of the potential so many of our fine old neglected buildings have to revitalise an area when renovated to such a high standard.
| 195 |
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A river facing city of historic importance
This medieval city on the river Rhone is most famous for the fact that it was the seat of Catholic popes who fled Rome in the<|fim_middle|> in all its glory on a scenic boat trip that explores the city from the surrounding waters. Take a trip to the nearby city of Arles or sit back and take in the sites that surround the walls of the medieval city. Enjoy a food-filled evening or venture out of the city to the Châteauneuf-du-Pape wine region and enjoy wine tasting. | early 14th century in order to escape corruption. It was those popes who built many of the historic buildings including Les Palais des Papes, or Palace of the Popes, which still stands today and is the largest gothic structure in the world. The historic centre of the city, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is surrounded by medieval ramparts and contains many remarkable museums, palaces and churches. One of the city's most prominent features is the Pont d'Avignon, the broken bridge that juts out halfway across the Rhone before stopping.
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A palace fit for a pope
One of the largest and historical medieval palaces in the world, Le Palais des Papes, or Palace of the Popes as it is also known, was the seat of the pope during the 14th century. Construction began in 1252 and to this day it remains an impressive and grand building of significant importance, open now to the viewing public who can experience the castle-like building that overpowers the skyline of Avignon. A symbol of the Catholic church to this day, visitors can experience 20 rooms inside its impressive walls and get involved in daily events that take place within its impressive grounds.
A city of wonderful, winding walks
Avignon lends itself to a day of wandering. Boasting stunning bridges, traditional corner cafes and architecture unlike any other, there is something to marvel at around every corner. For those looking to get a real sense of life in Avignon should walk along Pont Saint-Bénézet, one of the city's most iconic sites. The unfinished 10th-century bridge half-crosses the River Rhône and is said to be blessed with myth and legend that brings good luck and prosperity to the city.
Food of the finest variety
Although it has only been a part of France since the 16th century, Avignon is renowned for its great French cuisine and is the perfect destination to enjoy the wonders of traditional gourmet dishes. There is no better way to enjoy the destination than with a guided food tour. Wander around the sunny streets exploring some of the finest foods the city has to offer, discovering the people and the passion behind some of France's best-known delicacies. Lasting up to four hours, the city is your oyster, waiting to be explored.
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See the river Rhône | 819 |
Macho, of New Breed (one of my favourite Christian Hip Hop groups) and Tunnel Rats, is preparing to drop a new album entitled 'Remember'. He's already dropped a few tracks which you can listen to at his Bandcamp page.
'Persuaded' sees Macho lays bare his life and faith in Christ without being cryptic about<|fim_middle|>ener on the other side either" also really caught my ear on this track. I just liked that reminder that even when life as a Christian gets tough, it's immeasurably better than life without Christ. In fact, clever as it is, this lyrics is a bit of an understatement! | it: "...Y'all ain't gotta convince me that Christ is king, the reason death lost its sting, Jesus is more than magnificent, the antithesis to the curse that we've been smitten with... I'm recommending repentance to any and all who'll listen...".
'Persuaded' features R-Swift and his lyrics "It ain't easy; the path of a believer, but the grass ain't gre | 88 |
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Abigail Jones earns 2021 Girl Scout Gold Award
By gswnyblog<|fim_middle|> troops in the Pittsford Service Unit about recycling and doing two non-recyclable material crafts with them on a Zoom meeting. The first craft was a snowman holiday hanger, and the second was a search-and-find activity, both using old, unused petri dishes which would have been thrown away otherwise.
My project will have a lasting impact on my community because I had leftover craft kits from the Zoom meetings which I donated to the Pittsford Service Unit for future use. I also created an Instagram page (@projecteducateandcreate) on which I post craft ideas and information about environmental issues and what people can do to minimize their carbon footprint.
Crystal Harmon earns 2021 Girl Scout Gold Award | on May 25, 2021 • ( 1 Comment )
Girl Scouts of Western New York is proud to announce Abigail Jones of Pittsford, NY, as a 2021 Gold Award Girl Scout. Abigail is from Troop 60843 and has been a member of Girl Scouts for 13 years.
What Abigail said about Girl Scouts
Girl Scouting has had a tremendous impact on my life. Girl Scouting has made me a better leader, friend, and person. It has taught me to love camping and the outdoors, and to do what I can to leave the world a better place than when I found it. Girl Scouting has also taught me to appreciate the things that I have and the people around me. By volunteering, I have learned the importance of giving back to my community and helping those who are less fortunate than myself.
Being a Girl Scout has allowed me to make countless friends of all ages whom I hope I will always be friends with. I'm very grateful to have had leaders who cared so much about me, my troopmates, and our well-being and success. I have learned to keep a positive outlook on things and to keep pushing through any obstacle that I encounter. Most importantly, Girl Scouting has taught me to be a sister to every Girl Scout.
Project: Project Educate and Create
For my Gold Award Project, I focused on creating greater awareness about the environmental harm that is being caused by humans. I wanted to show people that they can make a difference in the health of the planet by changing simple activities in their daily lives.
I have been a Girl Scout since I was in first grade, and I have spent countless hours outdoors enjoying nature and this beautiful planet. I want to make sure that future generations will be able to experience the world as I have. My project, Project Educate and Create, was all about educating children of different ages about recycling and reusing in order to reduce their trash production.
The first part of my project was teaching students at Pittsford United Nursery School (PUNS) about littering, and then doing a craft with them using (clean) beach trash that my family collected on vacation. The next part of my project was meeting with the Art Club at my school, Sutherland High School. I brought in some common, non-recyclable materials which I had collected, and asked the club members to come up with ideas for projects that could be made with those materials.
Soon after that, the COVID-19 pandemic sent us all into quarantine, and I had to shift directions with my project. The next step involved another lesson at PUNS. For this lesson, I came up with a craft using some of the materials which I had brought to the Art Club meeting. Unfortunately, due to social distancing rules, I could not be there with the PUNS students, but I recorded a video for them to watch which introduced myself and the craft. I also sent in some earth-friendly reading and coloring activities for each student to bring home.
The final part of my project was educating Girl Scouts from different | 633 |
ESPN to Debut Daily Podcast
Home News Podcasting News Page 3
Immigrant's Tale Wins Murrow Award
Radio Ink - June 18, 2019
The New Yorker Radio Hour radio show and podcast — produced through a partnership between WNYC Studios and The New Yorker — has won a 2019 National Murrow Award in the Network Radio category.
Strange Bedfellows Discuss Manhood
How Men Think is hosted by Gavin DeGraw, an award-winning singer and songwriter, and Brook Laich, a hockey player in the NHL. Yes, you read that right.
Latest Podcast From FCC's Rosenworcel
FCC Commissioner Jessica Rosenworcel has released another episode of Broadband Conversations, the podcast uplifting the voices of women from the innovation, technology, and media sectors. Monday's episode features Massachusetts Attorney General Maura Healey.
iHeart Podcast Will Have Listeners Hungry For More
It's called Food 360 with Marc Murphy and is hosted by chef, restaurateur, and regular judge on Chopped, Marc Murphy (naturally enough), along with a string of expert guests.
Pittman Welcomes Lerer To "Math & Magic"
The latest episode of Bob Pittman's Math & Magic: Stories from the Frontiers of Marketing features Ben Lerer, CEO of Group Nine Media, a digital holding parent company to popular digital brands, including The Dodo, Seeker, Thrillist, and NOWThis.
Cabana Adds<|fim_middle|>Radio Ink - June 6, 2019
That's the latest episode of Bob Pittman's podcast, Math & Magic: Stories From the Frontiers of Marketing. McGrath, is the former CEO of MTV Networks and a current director on Amazon's board.
Lampanelli Turns To Podcasting In New Role
Former comedian Lisa Lampanelli has a new career as a life coach, and a new podcast, Let Lisa Help, on PodcastOne. The series premiere features actor Josh Peck, with new episodes out every Wednesday.
Joanne Taylor on WMAL-AM Flipping To Sports July 1 | 10 Podcasts
The new titles come from outlets such as Inc. Magazine and New Hampshire Public Radio, and celebrity hosts like Jen Kirkman, while the topics span multiple genres, including true crime, comedy, female lifestyle, and business.
Podcast Covers What Matters In San Diego
KPBS/San Diego has launched San Diego News Matters, a daily, local news podcast for the San Diego and Imperial counties. San Diego news veteran Deb Welsh weaves together original news and features covering a wide spectrum of topic areas.
Elaina Smith Rebrands
Westwood One and TV and radio personality Elaina Smith have announced the rebrand and return of Elaina's original podcast, Breaking Thru With Elaina (formerly Women Want to Hear Women with Elaina Smith). The show returns with new stories from female artists breaking through in the music industry.
Pittman Chats With Amazon Board Member Judy McGrath
| 184 |
These Jalapeno Pretzel Dogs are fun, easy and so delicious. Perfect for game day!
Are you looking forward to celebrating the Big Game? Whether or not you're a football fan, you can probably get on board with the festive atmosphere and the delicious party food! These Jalapeño Pretzel Dogs are easy, crowd-pleasing snacks that come together with just a few simple ingredients — making them perfect for your game day gathering.
This is a<|fim_middle|>.
BRING a large pot of water to a boil. Add hot dogs and boil for 3 minutes. Once hot dogs are cooked, allow to cool enough to handle.
WHILE cooking hot dogs, roll out pizza dough and cut into 12 - 1/2 inch strips lengthwise. (There may be dough leftover; twist into bread sticks and bake) Spread crushed jalapeños in pie dish.
LADLE one cup of the boiling water from the hot dogs into a bowl big enough to fit hot dogs. Add baking soda and stir until dissolved.
WRAP each hot dog with one strip of dough, twisting it around and back. Leave a 1/2 inch space at each end. When hot dogs are wrapped, carefully dip each into water mixture being sure to cover.
GENTLY roll each hot dog in crushed jalapeños and place on baking sheet. Bake for 10 minutes. Bake until browned on top. Serve with ketchup and mustard for dipping.
Just when I thought pretzel dogs couldn't get any more delicious. These look SO stinking good- drooling already!
Looks like what I will make for the Super Bowl Party! Thanks!
WOW! These sound great! I am definitely looking for the jalapenos! Do you really need to boil the hot dogs though? won't the bake time cook them enough?
Holy yum! These look INCREDIBLE! What an awesome idea!
Why the baking soda wash on the hot dogs?
Hi, Pamela! It causes a chemical reaction that results in darker pretzels on the outside with a shorter cooking time (which keeps the dough inside soft). 🙂 Baking science!
Omg Blair you're literally ruining my diet over here haha. I've never had a pretzel dog before but all I know is I need one in my face now! | sponsored conversation written by me on behalf of McCormick & Company. The opinions and text are mine.
As many of you know, football is BIG business around here. Keith is a former college football player, and I'm raising three equally enthusiastic little fans. When playoff season and the Big Game roll around, we're definitely ready to celebrate!
Sometimes our parties include friends, and other years we just throw a few blankets on the floor of the living room and enjoy the sport with our immediate family. We don't need a crowd in order to celebrate — especially when there's plenty of good food involved!
My boys love nothing more than snacking in front of the TV, so I'm always on the lookout for easy, quick-prep options that everyone can enjoy.
When I saw these Jalapeño Pretzel Dogs, I knew that they would be the perfect solution for any game day gathering. Best of all, you only need a few basic ingredients — and you can find them all at Kroger!
Can we discuss these French's®️ Crispy Jalapeños for a second?
They are perfectly spicy, crunchy and made with real jalapeños. The jalapeños are so good on top of salads, nachos, chili, and even casseroles, adding a kick to all of your favorite meals!
They are also a perfect crispy topping for these pretzel dogs!
We love French's Ketchup because it's non-GMO, it has no artificial colors, flavors or preservatives, and it doesn't contain any high-fructose corn syrup or gluten.
The French's Classic Yellow Mustard is "America's Best Loved Mustard" because it's made with #1 grade mustard seeds and includes no artificial colors, flavors or preservatives. It's a condiment that we can feel good about feeding our family.
I used ketchup and mustard but when it comes to dips the list is endless…knock yourself out!
If you've tried these Jalapeno Pretzel Dogs or any other recipe on The Seasoned Mom then don't forget to rate the recipe and leave me a comment below! You can also follow me on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and Pinterest to see what I'm getting up to.
PREHEAT oven to 400°F (200°C). Spray a baking sheet with nonstick spray | 472 |
Streaming Media East
tue07mayAll Daywed08Streaming Media East(All Day) EST Hilton Midtown
Join us this May for three days of practical advice, inspiring thought leadership, and in-depth training. Join more than 1000 of your peers to learn, share, and celebrate the disruptive
Join us this May for three days of practical advice, inspiring thought leadership, and in-depth training. Join more than 1000 of your peers to learn, share, and celebrate the disruptive trends shaping the future of digital media. See where the world of online video is going, and how to get there first.
This year at Streaming Media East 2019, you'll hear the innovative approaches that the world's leading<|fim_middle|> OTT, enterprise and educational video, encoding and transcoding, next-gen TV, VR video, video production, content delivery, video marketing, content monetization, and much more. Whether you are an executive or manager interested in new business strategies and trends or a production, IT, or engineering professional from the technical side, you'll find all of your bases covered at Streaming Media East.
You can expect to leave Streaming Media East with new friends and business allies and actionable advice and strategies for moving your business forward. Please join us in New York this May for this career- and organization-changing opportunity.
Don't miss our Executive Director, Jason Thibeault, moderate a panel on video stream piracy on Wednesday, May 8 from 3:15 to 4:00: "Batten Down the Hatches: Stream Piracy and How to Protect Your Content."
may 7 (Tuesday) - 8 (Wednesday) EST
Hilton Midtown | organizations are deploying in live streaming, | 7 |
School of Engineering and Digital Arts News
News and Events from the School of Engineering and Digital Arts
University 50th Anniversary Scholarships Allocation 2014
By eda-news | 28 November 2013
The University of Kent provides a dynamic and challenging academic environment and has an excellent reputation for collaborative research with universities around the world. The University has awarded the School of Engineering<|fim_middle|>014/2015 rate). Successful students must be able to commence their research programme by 1st October 2014.
The School of Engineering and Digital Arts produces high-quality research that has had significant national and international impact, and our spread of expertise allows us to respond rapidly to new developments. There is a flourishing student population studying for postgraduate degrees in a notably friendly and supportive teaching and research environment. We are well equipped with a wide range of laboratory, studio and computing facilities and diverse software packages for teaching and research support.
As a postgraduate student you become part of a thriving research community and receive support through a wide-ranging programme of individual supervision, specialised seminars and colloquia, usually with external speakers. Kent's Graduate School works to enhance the quality of the postgraduate student experience and ensures a supportive and vibrant postgraduate community across all our campuses.
The School has a wide-ranging list of current postgraduate research projects in all our research areas. Alternatively students may wish to suggest an appropriate self-selected PhD topic and consult the School for further discussion.
Closing deadline for applicants wishing to be considered for the University's 50th anniversary scholarship is Friday 31st January 2014 and will be considered upon receipt of your PhD application using the online application system
Any queries should be directed to Tara Sutton, Recruitment Assistant (T.J.Sutton@kent.ac.uk) | and Digital Arts three 50th anniversary PhD scholarships to be called the University 50th Anniversary Scholarships. These scholarships are known as Graduate Teaching Assistantships (GTAs – see http://www.kent.ac.uk/scholarships/postgraduate/departmental/EDA.html)
Successful candidates will demonstrate academic excellence and outstanding research potential. GTAs include tuition fees at the postgraduate home/EU rate (£3,900) in addition to a combined maintenance grant and salary which is £13,726 per annum (2 | 111 |
Fourque<|fim_middle|>wähnung 704 | ux war eine französische Gemeinde mit Einwohnern (Stand: ) im Département Yvelines in der Region Île-de-France. Die Einwohner werden Foulqueusiens genannt.
Der Erlass vom 20. Dezember 2018 legte mit Wirkung zum 1. Januar 2019 die Eingliederung von Fourqueux als Commune déléguée zusammen mit der früheren Gemeinde Saint-Germain-en-Laye zur neuen Commune nouvelle Saint-Germain-en-Laye fest.
Geografie
Fourqueux liegt etwa 25 Kilometer vom Stadtzentrum entfernt am westlichen Rand der Unité urbaine von Paris. Der Ort liegt am Hang einer leichten Anhöhe über dem nahen Seine-Tal mit Blick über den Nachbarort Saint-Germain-en-Laye. Im Westen schließt sich unmittelbar der Forêt Domaniale de Marly-le-Roi an, ein Waldgebiet mit zahlreichen Wanderwegen, das sich über mehrere Kilometer erstreckt und den urbanisierten Großraum von Paris vom ländlichen Umland trennt. Nur wenige Kilometer nördlich der Gemeinde liegt der Forêt Domaniale de Saint-Germain-en-Laye.
Die Nachbarorte sind Saint-Germain-en-Laye im Nordosten, Mareil-Marly im Osten, L'Étang-la-Ville im Südosten, Saint-Nom-la-Bretèche im Südwesten und Chambourcy im Westen.
Bevölkerung
Noch zu Beginn der 1960er Jahre hatte Fourqueux eine Bevölkerung von weniger als 1000 Einwohnern. Zu Beginn der 1970er Jahre und in den 1980er Jahren erlebte der Ort einen starken Zuzug, der die Einwohnerzahl bis zum Ende des Jahrtausends auf mehr als den vierfachen Wert ansteigen ließ. Seit den 1990er Jahren verzeichnet der Ort wieder eine leichte Abwanderung, die aber durch einen Geburtenüberschuss ausgeglichen wird, so dass insgesamt das Bevölkerungswachstum noch anhält.
Sehenswürdigkeiten
Die Kirche Sainte-Croix wurde im 12. Jahrhundert errichtet, nachdem die alte Holzkirche aus dem 7. Jahrhundert, die sich an derselben Stelle befand, zerstört wurde. Die Kirche steht als Monument historique unter Denkmalschutz. In der Kirche befindet sich ein Kreuzweg des Malers Henri Marret.
Ebenfalls als Monument historique ist die auch le Château genannte Villa Collin klassifiziert, die vom Architekten und Mitglied der Académie des Beaux-Arts Émile Vaudremer (1829–1914) an der Stelle des 1841 zerstörten Schlosses erbaut wurde und einige Kunstwerke beherbergt.
Das Haus von Victor Hugo wurde 1836 von der Familie Hugo als Sommerresidenz bezogen, später kam es in den Besitz des Malers Henri Marret.
Persönlichkeiten
Der französische Nationalökonom und Historiker Nicolas Gustave Hubbard (1828–1888) wurde in Fourqueux geboren.
Victor Hugo (1802–1885) bewohnte ein Haus in Fourqueux, in dem sich auch Alexandre Dumas (1802–1870) aufhielt.
Der Maler Henri Marret lebte in Fourqueux.
Literatur
Le Patrimoine des Communes des Yvelines. Flohic Editions, Band 2, Paris 2000, ISBN 2-84234-070-1, S. 633–636.
Weblinks
Einzelnachweise
Ort in der Île-de-France
Gemeindeauflösung 2019
Commune déléguée im Département Yvelines
Saint-Germain-en-Laye
Erster | 945 |
Seiffert earns Stephen F. Burns Extra Mile Award
INDIANAPOLIS – Announced recently at the Bekins Van Lines 63rd Annual Partnership Conference, Paul Seiffert was awarded the Stephen F. Burns Extra Mile Award. Seiffert, a direct lease driver for the van line, recently retired after a remarkable 56 years behind the wheel.
The Extra Mile Award was introduced in 2000 to acknowledge an agent, driver or corporate employee of Bekins who performs the extraordinary every day. In 2011, the award was renamed the Stephen F. Burns Extra Mile Award in honor of the company's Chairman of the Board. Award winners' attributes include unselfish contributions to the Bekins system and adherence to the company's mission and values: Treat everyone honestly, fairly and professionally.
"Paul's work ethic, integrity, expertise and genuine kindness have always made an impression on customers and co-workers," said<|fim_middle|> over 350 agents nationwide, Bekins services many households and businesses across the United States. | Bekins CEO Mark Kirschner. "Bekins has been fortunate to have Paul on the team for so many years. We'll certainly miss him, but we congratulate him on a successful career and wish him a happy retirement."
About Bekins Van Lines
Bekins Van Lines is one of the world's most highly regarded providers of transportation services. Headquartered in Indianapolis, Ind., the Bekins brand offer private and corporate domestic and international household goods relocation services as well as special commodities and logistic services. The Bekins agent network is among the best in the moving business thanks to our dedication to working with qualified, expert moving professionals. With | 130 |
Ireland is one of the most beautiful and richly textured destinations, from the "40 shades of green" fields, to the buzz of Dublin, Galway, and Cork. Moreover, Ireland presents a familiar face. English is its official language, if more lyrical; the food is recognizable; the stout legendary; and the hospitality genuine. Indeed, for many people a trip to Ireland is experienced as a kind of homecoming. It takes a while for this superficial reverie to wear off. And when it does, a less sentimental, truer face of Ireland shows itself.
Dublin is the Republic of Ireland's capital, it is quite apart from, and can be dismissive of, the rest of the country. Dublin is simply contagious, and its addictive quality isn't in the Guinness. It's where it's always been, in the people. Dublin, like most ancient cities, lies sprawled along a river.
Ireland is an amazing country and the third-largest European island, located in north-west Europe. Ireland is widely visit by tourist from the entire world due to its large number of tourist attraction and of course its rich culture. However, as any other country, there are some important requirements that you meet before to enter into Ireland.
Firstly, to enter Ireland it is compulsory to have a valid Irish entry visa, a document that indicates you are authorized to visit Ireland, but the visa is not the only documents you need, sometimes it is also necessary to register with one of the many immigration authorities. However, if you are citizen of Argentina, Portugal, Australia, Bolivia,<|fim_middle|> this amazing country.
If you go to Ireland you'll have the opportunity to taste a Rumbledethumps, a traditional dish from the Scottish Borders. The main Rumbledethumps ingredients are potatoes, cabbage and onion.
Learn more about the English courses offered in Ireland: English courses, prices, dates, excursions and more! | Brazil, Canada, Spain, Switzerland, Germany, Greece and other large list, it is not necessary to have visa.
Once you are in Ireland, you will be able to known one of the most ancient cultures. So, what are you waiting, now you know all the benefits that Ireland offers you cannot fail to visit | 64 |
Toftrees es una aldea dentro de la parroquia civil de Dunton, en el condado de Norfolk, Inglaterra. La aldea está a al suroeste de Fakenham, a al noroeste de Norwich y a al n<|fim_middle|> Libro Domesday de 1086, registrada con los nombres Toffas, y Toftes. Los principales terratenientes fueron William de Warenne y Peter de Valognes. La encuesta también menciona a la iglesia y a 12 yeguas salvajes.
Referencias (inglés)
Enlaces externos
Localidades de Norfolk | ornordeste de Londres. La estación de ferrocarril más cercana está en Sheringham para la Bittern Line, la cual hace su recorrido entre Sheringham, Cromer y Norwich. El aeropuerto más cercano es el Aeropuerto Internacional de Norwich. La aldea está ubicada en el lado noroeste de la carretera A1065 Fakenham a Swaffham.
En el censo de 2001 la parroquia tenía una población de 115 habitantes. Para propósitos de gobierno local, la parroquia se incluye en el distrito de North Norfolk.
Historia
Hay evidencia que ha existido un asentamiento aquí desde el tiempo de los romanos, ya que está ubicado en un cruce de calzadas romanas.
Toftrees tiene una entrada en el | 191 |
I got up early and went for another walk. After breakfast we headed out of town to the farm school they have named Shamalindi.
When we arrived, there were children waiting for us at the entrance, and they put on a special greeting song and dance! They pinned a welcome flower to each of us too!
Despite their incredible welcome, they were a shy lot. A tough crowd but<|fim_middle|>.
We took them outside and built the beginnings of garden beds but they need more manure to continue. We dug the pond. We go back today to complete, with some more supplies.
On our way home that afternoon, we gave some of the kids a lift in the back of the truck. | only with the theory. As soon as we got outside, they were full of beans. Their teacher is an amazing woman who kept breaking out into song and getting the kids all revved up. I am in awe of this woman. She sings like a diva and doesn't care if she makes a fool of herself, which she actually doesn't, she can just be so funny. The kids aboslutely adore her I can tell. She gets them all singing along to her wonderful songs, and it injects energy and enthusiasm into them | 109 |
Full network of 39 Growth Hubs boost business support across the country
» Full network of 39 Growth Hubs boost business support across the country
Thirty-nine growth hubs giving 4.7 million businesses across England ready access to the support they need to start up, scale up and create more jobs are now launched, Business Minister Anna Soubry announced today ahead of the start of Growth Hub Week.
Growth hubs work across the country with local and national, public and private sector partners – such as Chambers of Commerce, FSB, Universities, Enterprise Zones and banks, co-ordinating local business support and connecting businesses to the right help for their needs. They are locally driven, locally owned and at the heart of the Government's plan to ensure business support is simpler, more joined up and easier to access.
Business Minister Anna Soubry said:
"Small businesses are the beating heart of our economy and this government continues to build the right environment for them to thrive. We will keep cutting red tape and business taxes, improving access to finance and broadband, and taking forward the measures in the Enterprise Act to cement our position as the best place in Europe to do business.
"Growth Hubs have already helped thousands of businesses and, with the full network up and running, every registered business in England can access the expertise they need to succeed. They will help entrepreneurs boost their business and create more jobs for people in the local area."
Increasing awareness of the public and private sector support available to entrepreneurs and smaller businesses, Growth Hub Week will run from 16 – 20 May 2016. The week will celebrate the completion of the growth hub network, which sees a live hub in each of the 39 Local Enterprise Partnership (LEP) areas, covering 100 per cent of the business population in England. Growth Hub Week will raise the profile of growth hubs and the work they do to help local businesses start, grow and prosper.
Irene Graham, Chief Executive Officer of Scale-Up Institute, said:
"It has never been a better time for the public and private sectors to work together to support the growth needs of our fastest scaling businesses. The news that growth hubs now have a presence across the country is highly welcome. They can 'lean in' to support scaleup businesses and help them attain even greater success. The Scale-Up Institute is committed to helping them in their journey. That is why,<|fim_middle|>, providing help to the small business community where it is most needed."
The Department for Business, Innovation and Skills is encouraging everyone to show support for their local businesses by tweeting throughout the week using #GrowthHubs and backing their local growth hub.
You can find your local growth hub (CPCA Growth Hub) by using the growth hub finder http://www.lepnetwork.net/growth-hubs/. | in partnership with the Goldman Sachs Foundation and their 10,000 Small Businesses programme, we are pleased to be launching an extensive development programme to support growth hubs and LEPs in their crucial work. The first of these will be for three days in Birmingham from 17 May and will provide practical guidance and tools that will make a real difference to our high-growth scaling businesses."
Michelle Pinggera, Partner, Goldman Sachs, said:
"Following the expansion of our own programme, 10,000 Small Businesses, which helps high growth small businesses throughout the UK, we are delighted to now be working with the Scale-Up Institute to deliver this new programme focussing on regional economic growth within the Local Enterprise Partnerships and Growth Hubs. We are proud of this collaboration between the private and public sectors, showing continued support and leadership in this area."
Funding of up to £24 million is being made available over the next two years for LEPs to continue to develop their growth hubs and provide local business support.
Ben Willmott, Head of Policy, Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development, said:
"The CIPD welcomes this key milestone. Through our People Skills programme we know there is strong demand for support that helps small businesses improve how they manage and develop their people to enable them to grow. The completion of the growth hub network will help embed this type of support nationwide | 287 |
JBBS Vol.8 No.7 , July 2018
Heuristics in Language Comprehension
Author(s) Veena D. Dwivedi1,2*, Kaitlin E. Goertz3, Janahan Selvanayagam2
1 Department of Psychology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada.
2 Centre for Neuroscience, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada.
3 Department of Applied Linguistics, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada.
We used a sentence-picture matching task to demonstrate that heuristics can influence language comprehension. Interpretation of<|fim_middle|>in English, nouns lacking inflection are interpreted as singular; in addition, singular words were found to be lexically more frequent than plural stimuli), and due to the nature of the current experimental task (choosing between pictures that contained more vs. fewer items).
At the face of it, the findings support the long-held assumption (however, yet to be empirically demonstrated) that variation in sentence interpretation can be explained via lexically based factors.
We interpret the cognitive significance of the predicted statistical effect as follows: these findings indicate that our mental representation of conceptual event knowledge must include numerical information regarding quantity of participants in the event. That is, initial comprehension of QSA sentences of the form Every kid climbed a tree consists of a fast-and-frugal interpretation regarding the likely number of participants in the (n1-v-n2) event, and does not rely exclusively on algorithmic rules for interpretation. These effects are consistent with our recent model that language processing proceeds along a "Heuristic first, algorithmic second mechanism". We further discuss these issues below.
4.1. The Nature of Conceptual Event Knowledge
This study sheds light on the question of whether people have expectations regarding the likely number of entities in a conceptual event, to date an unexplored aspect of schematic knowledge. That is, it is well-known that understanding language relies on the mental representation of world knowledge [15] [16] [17] [27] . Over the years, different properties of events have been posited: usually, these are due to the conceptual knowledge associated with specific verbs. It has been shown that people have expectations regarding the nature of typical agents, themes, instruments, and locations, associated with schematic representations [19] [22] [45] . In the present work, another stereotypical property of events is posited: the quantity of objects associated with the event. In other words, people have intuitions about whether certain events involve several objects, or not. This conceptual event information, containing numerical information, informs sentence interpretation.
4.2. Language Processing as "Heuristic First, Algorithmic Second"
It is important to note that we are not claiming that the determiners "every" and "a" play no role in the interpretation of QSA sentences. The stark differences found in interpretation of QSA sentences vs. their corresponding n1-v-n2 triplets clearly attests to the important contribution of these determiners. In addition, we note that the heuristic first mechanisms in use for sentences such as Every kid climbed a tree would not be in use for more complicated sentences of the form Every kid climbed at least five trees, which is logically equivalent to No kid climbed less than five trees6. These latter sentences would immediately invoke algorithmic mechanisms for comprehension (or System 2, in Kahneman's terms), due to their complexity. It is our contention that many psycholinguistic experiments have in fact examined highly difficult sentence forms (such as centre-embedded relative clauses, for example). It would make sense if algorithmic processes immediately applied to those sentences, however, those are not the sorts of sentences encountered in day-to-day conversation. Thus, while it is true that language processing is automatic and occurs without effort―in day to day conversation, many sentences can indeed be understood in a shallow manner. The claim we make here (and previously) is that even certain QSA sentences may be understood in this way.
In sum, using logistic regression, this work empirically demonstrated that variation in sentence interpretation with respect to number, for identical syntactic constructions, is a function of lexical factors that contribute to event interpretation. Thus, our findings reveal that conceptual event interpretation must include information regarding the number of participants in a script.
Overall, the results support our recent model of language processing in that it proceeds along a "Heuristic first, algorithmic second mechanism". That is, our findings confirm that the numerical interpretation of QSA sentences of the form Every kid climbed a tree can rely on heuristic processes dependent on event representations, rather than exclusively relying on algorithmic rules. Therefore, it challenges the dominant view that these sentences are primarily interpreted via logical algorithmic rules.
Thanks to Raechelle Gibson, Dilani Balasubramaniam, and Erin Murphy for stimuli preparation assistance, also to Raechelle Gibson for help in experimental set-up. We are grateful to Gary Libben, Harald Baayen, Joffre Mercier, Matthew Walenski and Louis Schmidt for comments. Thanks also to Victoria Witte for manuscript assistance.
Appendix A. Norming study stimuli and values.
Appendix B. Experimental stimuli lists. Lists of experimental stimuli and corresponding picture pairs shown to participants in the present study.
Appendix C. Experiment instructions. A detailed description of experiment instructions, including verbatim text, as they were shown to participants in the present study.
Appendix D. Filler data analysis. Mean accuracy (%), response times (RT, ms), and proportion plural responses (%) by filler condition along with detailed discussion. https://www.researchgate.net/project/the-neural-underpinnings-of-semantic-ambiguity
1Note that on an account where a logical syntactic rule always and only applies for interpretive purposes, the algorithm's application should consistently result in the same interpretation, i.e., plural number. However, recent work by our group shows that this is not the case (for a review of the logical rule application and its empirical predictions, see [2] ).
2Inspection of the norming data of the quantifier scope sentences (eg, Every kid climbed a tree) revealed that very few full sentence items (namely, 16 out of 160 or 10% of the items) from [2] [4] exhibited a proportion plural bias at less than 40%. Given this low level of bias, in addition to the low number of items, we did not expect that including these items in the model would add predictive value for judgments in the present n-v-n picture matching study. Our expectation that including items exhibiting a plural bias of 40% and below would add no predictive value for judgments in the present study was confirmed via a piecewise binary logistic regression (R package "segmented" [50] [51] ). As such, the independent variable was defined as norming data from the previous quantifier scope study with items that were biased for the plural judgment at 40% and above (range 40% - 100%).
4Given the novelty of the paradigm, we have included all analyses for filler items in Appendix D. These are not discussed here, so as to not detract from the question at hand.
5The word frequencies of singular and plural variations of all n2 words (e.g. "tree" and "trees" in kid climb tree) in the experimental stimuli were collected using the SUBTLEX American Word Frequency Database [52] . The relative singular and plural word frequencies were calculated for each n2 word by dividing the singular and plural log word frequency by the sum of both the plural and singular log word frequencies, respectively [53] .
6Thanks to a previous anonymous reviewer for this insight.
Dwivedi, V. , Goertz, K. and Selvanayagam, J. (2018) Heuristics in Language Comprehension. Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science, 8, 430-446. doi: 10.4236/jbbs.2018.87027.
[1] Bever, T.G. (1970) The Cognitive Basis for Linguistic Structure. In: Hayes, J.R., Ed., Cognition and the Development of Language, Wiley & Sons, New York, 279-362.
[2] Dwivedi, V.D. (2013) Interpreting Quantifier Scope Ambiguity: Evidence of Heuristic First, Algorithmic Second Processing. PLoS ONE, 8, 1-20.
[3] Kahneman, D. (2011) Thinking, Fast and Slow. Anchor Canada, Toronto.
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[53] Magnuson, J.S., Dixon, J.A., Tanenhaus, M.K. and Aslin, R.N. (2007) The Dynamics of Lexical Competition during Spoken Word Recognition. Cognitive Science, 31, 133-156. | quantifier scope ambiguous sentences such as Every kid climbed a tree was investigated. Such sentences are ambiguous with respect to the number of trees inferred; either several trees were climbed or just one. The availability of the NOUN VERB NOUN (N-V-N) heuristic, e.g., KID CLIMB TREE, should contribute to the interpretation of how many trees were climbed. Specifically, we hypothesized that number choices for these stimuli would be predicted by choices previously made to corresponding (full) sentences. 45 participants were instructed to treat N-V-N triplets such as KID CLIMB TREE as telegrams and select a picture, regarding the quantity ("several" vs. "one") associated with tree. Results confirmed that plural responses to quantifier scope ambiguous sentences significantly predict increased plural judgments in the picture-matching task. This result provides empirical evidence that the N-V-N heuristic, via conceptual event knowledge, can influence sentence interpretation. Furthermore, event knowledge must include the quantity of participants in the event (especially in terms of "several" vs. "one"). These findings are consistent with our model of language comprehension functioning as "Heuristic first, algorithmic second." Furthermore, results are consistent with judgment and decision making in other cognitive domains.
Conceptual Event Knowledge, Language, Quantifier Scope, Scripts, Heuristics
We can interpret "dog bite man" into a particular scene or context, and furthermore, this context would be easier to understand than "man bite dog". Thus, in English, we can use a simple noun verb noun (n-v-n) heuristic [1] , or rule of thumb, to create events in our minds, where some events are more likely to occur than others. On the other hand, if the same words, in the same order as dog bite man, are inserted into grammatically complex sentences, such as It was the dog that the man bit, or The dog was bitten by the man, the grammar dictates that the interpretation is consistent with the unlikely scene indicated in man bite dog. It is clear that two systems are important for language comprehension, one relying on context and experience (heuristics), and the other relying on grammatical form and rules (algorithms). In previous work [2] , we argued that language comprehension operates via "Heuristic first, algorithmic second" mechanisms. The mental events associated with language comprehension are analogous to those posited in [3] , where heuristic computations are called System 1 and algorithmic computations are called System 2. We claim that, at first pass, the processes people use in other cognitive domains are consistent with processes used in language comprehension.
In [2] , (see also [4] ) sentences such as Every kid climbed a tree were investigated. These sentences, which exhibit quantifier scope ambiguity (QSA), are of interest because they have more than one interpretation, despite not being syntactically or lexically ambiguous. The ambiguity has to do with the quantity of entities plausibly inferred. That is, on one reading of Every kid climbed a tree, several trees are climbed, on another just one (see Figure 1).
Figure 1. Two possible interpretations of a Quantifier Scope Ambiguous sentence. Example of two possible interpretations of Quantifier Scope Ambiguous sentence, Every kid climbed a tree, where (a) and (b) correspond with plural and singular interpretations of the word tree, respectively.
issues regarding quantifier scope).
In this work, we examine the role that numerical cognition plays in people's conceptual knowledge of events. We hypothesize that real-time sentence interpretation is not derived solely via algorithmic computation but instead from heuristic knowledge regarding events [2] . Specifically, we will claim that conceptual world knowledge contains information regarding numerosity; that is, people can estimate the quantity of participants in an event. If this is correct, then an empirical demonstration whereby variability in number interpretation for sentences is derived from the mental representation of the number of participants in a corresponding event, should follow. We pursue that demonstration here.
We build on our previous work here and take as our starting point an off-line norming task, reported in [4] , and discussed in [2] . 32 participants read 160 QSA sentences (Every kid climbed a tree) and were asked to circle whether they preferred the (disambiguating) continuation sentence such as The trees were in the park versus The tree was in the park (see Figure 2). Results showed a preference for plural continuation sentences at a rate of 74%, replicating results of [14] , who showed a preference at 76% (c.f. [8] ).
Figure 2. Example stimuli from [4] off-line questionnaire study.
As such, it could be the case that people understand sentences by simply attending to the n-v-n sequence in a sentence, which would then activate conceptual world knowledge, assumed to be built on experience in the world, and is thus independent of grammatical considerations [1] [16] [17] [18] . As such, our work builds on previous literature that argues that event knowledge includes information about stereotypical subjects and objects, instruments, and location (see e.g., [19] [20] [21] [22] ).
In the present work, we claim that conceptual world knowledge includes information regarding the quantity of participants in events. Moreover, this information is available immediately in sentence comprehension, and thus would be available in real-time language processing.
We build on recent claims that sentence comprehension can occur without any grammatical analysis; heuristic (word-based) mechanisms alone can be used [3] [18] [23] [24] . In our model of language processing [2] , we claim that sentences are understood via heuristic mechanisms first, and algorithmic (i.e., rule-based) processes occur second (and only if required).
In the current work, we build on the findings above by explicitly testing the assumption regarding the mental representation of conceptual events and number, using a novel sentence-picture verification task. Presently, instead of sentences, n-v-ns evoking a conceptual script (in the form of n1-v-n2) were presented. Sentences from [4] were stripped of quantifiers, verbal, and nominal inflection, yielding a simple, three word n1-v-n2 skeleton. The n-v-n design was borrowed from [25] , who argued that (Dutch) scripts containing three words, with no grammatical inflection, could evoke an event interpretation. In their work, the N400 component, an Event Related Potential (ERP) marker of lexical-pragmatic anomaly [26] was elicited at the final word of vacation trial dismissal as compared to the plausible scene computed in director bribe dismissal. As such, those authors concluded that n-v-ns could indeed elicit script or schema interpretation [15] [17] [27] .
We take this as a starting point, and in the present experiment, have participants choose a picture that best matched their interpretation of n-v-n stimuli. Participants had to respond to the final word (n2) in n-v-n triplet stimuli with respect to singular/plural number. That is, for the n1-v-n2 script, kid climb tree, derived from Every kid climbed a tree, participants had to choose a picture which had several trees or just one, in a scene with multiple kids (for details of stimuli, see Methods below).
Given this design, our predictions were straightforward. Judgments for QSA sentences in the previous experiment, regarding plural vs. singular interpretation (e.g., Every kid climbed a tree, Every jeweller appraised a diamond) should serve as significant predictors of plural vs. singular interpretations of corresponding n-v-n stimuli (e.g., kid climb tree, jeweller appraise diamond) in the current experiment.
If so, this work would show that conceptual knowledge of events not only includes information about the nature of protagonists, location, and instruments [28] but also numerosity. In other words, the mental representation of events necessarily includes information about the quantity of participants/entities in events. In addition, while it might seem obvious that lexical factors influence variation in sentence acceptability judgments [29] [30] , and is indeed assumed to be the case, to our knowledge this has yet to be empirically demonstrated. Finally, these findings would be consistent with the model proposed in [2] , which posits heuristic mechanisms as primary in sentence understanding, not the use of grammatical algorithms.
2. Material and Methods
Forty-five Brock University undergraduate students (40 female, mean age 20 years, range 18 to 30 years) were recruited from February to June 2012. Participants were either paid for their participation or received partial course credit. All subjects were native speakers of English, had normal or corrected-to-normal vision and were right handed. None of the participants reported any neurological impairment, history of neurological trauma or use of neuroleptics. Also, none of them had participated in the norming task reported in [4] . Based on past experience in our lab and examples in the literature [31] [32] [33] , sample size was deemed as 45 (15 participants for three lists, see below). Data collection was stopped once this was achieved.
This study received ethics approval from the Brock University Social Science Research Ethics Board (SREB) prior to the commencement of the experiment (REB 12-080). Written, informed consent was received from all participants prior to their participation in the experiment.
2.2. Materials
2.2.1. Ambiguous Condition
Simple n1-v-n2 word triplets (e.g., kid climb tree, jeweller appraise diamond) were constructed by stripping the quantifiers and inflection from the QSA sentences used in [4] (e.g., Every kid climbed a tree, Every jeweller appraised a diamond). All stimuli were presented in black, upper-case letters in 19 pt Courier New font, vertically and horizontally centered on a white background. The presentation of these linguistic stimuli was followed by two pictures simultaneously presented on either side of the computer screen. The left side of each picture always consisted of three repeated images corresponding to n1, consistent with more than one individual, from the original sentence which used Every. The right side of each picture consisted of either a single object corresponding to n2 or five repeated images of n2. Participants were required to make a judgment regarding the number associated with n2. We note here that we did not choose three repeated images for n2, as we were not interested in invoking a distributive reading of the event (see [9] among others for an investigation of distributivity effects, an issue orthogonal to our present study). Next, four items would be numerically too close to three and might therefore involve difficulty [34] [35] [36] . Thus, five objects were chosen to correspond to a plural interpretation of n2.
Also note that, in order to divide stimuli evenly into three lists, one of the 160 scenarios from [4] was randomly selected to be removed for the present experiment.
Images used in the pictures were found using various image databases online. Figure 3 highlights the sequence of n-v-n and picture presentation. The position of the plural versus the singular version of each scenario was counterbalanced so that it was shown an equal number of times on the left hand side versus the right hand side of the screen.
2.2.2. Control Conditions
Control conditions were such that n2 was preceded by a quantifier that unambiguously signaled either singular or plural number. The form of the Control Singular condition was n1-v-one-n2 (e.g., kid climb one tree, jeweller appraise one diamond) and the Control Plural condition was n1-v-several-n2 (e.g., kid climb several tree, jeweller appraise several diamond). These control linguistic stimuli were followed by exactly the same pictures as those in the Ambiguous condition (see Figure 3). See Table 1 for a summary of experimental stimuli.
Figure 3. Examples of critical stimuli. An example of the ambiguous critical stimuli item, kid climb tree, for picture-matching task, and its singular (kid climb one tree) and plural (kid climb several tree) control conditions.
Table 1. Summary of experimental stimuli used in the present study.
aThe column, Format, describes the structure of the "triplet" stimuli. n1―first noun; v―verb; n2―second noun.
There were 159 n-v-n scenarios for each of the three experimental conditions (Ambiguous, Control Singular, Control Plural) resulting in a total of 477 experimental stimuli. In order to reduce repetition effects, the stimuli were divided into three counterbalanced lists, such that each participant saw an equal number of conditions from each scenario. This resulted in 53 trials per experimental condition (Ambiguous, Control Singular, and Control Plural) per list, so that each participant saw 159 experimental items in total.
2.2.3. Filler Conditions
In addition to the experimental trials, there were 231 filler trials to reduce the predictability of the experimental stimuli and to reduce the chance of participants adopting meta-linguistic processing strategies (see Figure 4 and Figure 5, and Table 2). The filler conditions served as additional controls for the experimental conditions. These controlled for type of quantifier (unambiguous plural quantifiers such as many, some, and all were used; unambiguous singular determiners such as this, that, and the were also used), and visual field (judgments on fillers would be in the left or central visual field to counterbalance critical stimuli requiring judgments in the right visual field).
In total, each list viewed by a participant contained 390 stimuli: 159 target experimental stimuli and 231 filler trials as described above. As noted earlier, each participant saw one list only, with sentences presented in a pseudo-random fixed sequence using the program, Mix [37] with the stipulation that no two trials from the same experimental condition or filler condition followed each other. See Appendix B for a full list of stimuli.
2.3. Procedure
Figure 4. Example of filler singular stimuli. An example of the filler singular stimuli item, this lumberjack chop log.
Figure 5. Example of filler plural stimuli. Example of filler plural stimuli item, many beaver build dam.
Table 2. Summary of filler stimuli used in the present experiment.
aThe column, Format, describes the structure of the "triplet" stimuli. det―determiner; q―quantifier; q(numeral)―numeric quantifier; n1―first noun; v―verb; n2―second noun.
2.4. Data Analysis
Repeated measures ANOVA were conducted for mean accuracy rates and response times, using IBM SPSS, version 20.0 [40] . We report all significant effects at the 0.05 level, using the mean square error terms from the analysis by participants. Effect size is reported using partial eta squared, η p 2 .
A paired samples t-test was performed to examine apparent differences between word frequencies of singular and plural variations of n2 words.
Following study completion, it was recognized that items in the Filler Singular condition including the determiner the (e.g., the senior watch television) should not be included in analyses for singular interpretation, since this determiner does not unambiguously indicate singular number.
Binary Response Data
Binary response data analyses were carried out using the statistical software R (version 3.1.0,[41]). First, we analyzed number inference in the Ambiguous condition using a logistic regression analysis. The log odds (logit) of decisions made in the current picture matching study (plural vs. singular) for the Ambiguous condition was modelled using the norming data from the previous questionnaire study on QSA sentence interpretation as our independent predictor. This analysis was performed using lmer (package "lme4" [42] ; p-values were estimated using the lmerTest package [43] ).2
We analyzed our data by modeling responses using a logit mixed-effect model [44] . Starting from the null model, including only our binomial dependent variable (plural picture responses to n-v-n stimuli) and participants as a random factor, we used the glmer function (package "lme4" [42] to analyze the improvement of the model after the predictor variable (plural sentence responses to sentence stimuli) was added. The R formula used was as follows: glmer((plural picture responses to n-v-n stimuli) ~ (plural sentence responses to sentence stimuli) + (1|Participants in n-v-n study), data = data, family = "binomial")).3
We also analyzed the odds of plural number inference in Ambiguous vs Control Singular conditions. The analysis was a logistic regression with the following formula: glm(Number Judgment ~ Condition, data = data, family = "binomial") and p-values were estimated using lmerTest package [43] .
Finally, we analyzed the accuracy in Control Singular vs Control Plural conditions in a logistic regression with the following formula: glm(Number Judgment ~ Condition, data = data, family = "binomial") and p-values were estimated using lmerTest package [43] .
3.1. Accuracy and Response Times
Given the novelty of the current paradigm, mean accuracy rates by participant for Control conditions and response times for all critical conditions (in ms) are first examined in order to establish that participants were able to perform the task correctly (see Table 3).
3Note that the formula does not include word frequency as a random effect. Effectively, word frequency is a quantitative measure of the real-world experience with particular lexical items. Since the question we are asking is whether responses to n-v-ns can be predicted by sentences that contain those very same lexical items, if we control for word frequency, we would be taking out a fundamental component of the factor that we are interested in modeling.
The high accuracy rates for both Control Singular and Control Plural conditions indicate the success of this novel paradigm―participants were able to perform the task appropriately regarding number inference and picture matching. That is, while it could be argued that the plural picture scenario does not rule out the single-tree interpretation, the fact that participants were able to distinguish between these unambiguously marked number conditions shows that they were indeed responsive to the numerical contrast in the experiment (for further evidence of this, see complete filler results in Appendix D which also indicate high accuracy). In addition, participants were clearly sensitive to the ambiguity present in the Ambiguous conditions; RTs for this condition were 425 ms and 335ms longer than Control Singular and Control Plural conditions, respectively (F (2, 88) = 143.4, MSE = 18,058, p < 0.001, η p 2 = 0.765).
3.2. Logistic Regression Analysis of Ambiguous n-v-n Responses
Next, we report results directly relevant to our hypothesis regarding plural picture
Table 3. Mean accuracy (%), response times (RT) and proportion plural responses (%) for critical conditions.
choices in the current experiment. Results revealed that responses to items from the previous quantifier norming study did serve as a significant predictor of plural judgments in the present experiment (b = 1.46, SE = 0.60, z = 2.41, p = 0.02). Thus, according to the present model, a greater proportion of plural responses made to sentences in the previous experiment predicts a greater likelihood of plural picture choice to a corresponding n-v-n in the current experiment. The odds of such a choice are 4.31 times (=e1.46) greater for a one-unit increase in plural response to a sentence in the previous experiment (odds ratio, OR = 4.31, 95% CI = [1.30, 14.64]). Thus, number interpretation to sentential stimuli does serve as a predictor of number interpretation to (conceptual event) n-v-n stimuli.
3.3. Other Analyses
Next, we note that we had no other a priori hypotheses in the current experiment. We recognize that the plural picture choices for the Ambiguous n-v-n condition in the present experiment are in the opposite direction as compared to responses to quantifier ambiguous sentences. Given that the n-v-ns had no inflection, this is not surprising. Participants favoured singular interpretations in the current experiment, since in English, plural is overwhelmingly marked via -s inflection. Without it, nouns are likely interpreted as singular. Furthermore, plural pictures are necessarily visually more complex than the singular pictures. Thus, at the face of it, a complete lack of inflection (which would heavily bias towards a singular interpretation), along with the less visually complex choice of a singular picture, would explain the bias for singular choices found in the current experiment. That being said, it is worth pointing out that the plural picture choices for the Ambiguous condition were still significantly higher than those for the Control Singular condition (b = −1.07, SE = 0.15, z = −7.17, p < 0.001). This suggests, importantly, that participants performed a different number inference for Ambiguous vs. Control Singular conditions. Next, we examine differences in word frequencies between singular vs plural words as a way to understand the bias for singular found in the current experiment.4
3.4. Word Frequency
Relative log word frequencies of singular n2 variations (M = 0.58, SD = 0.05) were found to be significantly greater than those of plural n2 variations (M = 0.42, SD = 0.05), resulting in a significant mean difference of 0.16 (t = 18.94, df = 157, p < 0.001, 95% CI = [0.15, 0.18]).5
Thus, given the fact that the singular form of the words was significantly higher in terms of word frequency, it is not surprising that, overall, a very strong singular bias was found in the current experiment, which used uninflected n-v-ns. Further evidence of the stark singular bias is revealed via analyses regarding the Control Singular vs. Control Plural conditions. Although accuracy rates for both Control conditions were close to ceiling (see Table 3), Control Singular still exhibited a significantly higher rate of accuracy (b = 1.5, SE = 0.14, z = 10.54, p < 0.001), confirming the very strong bias for singular picture choices.
In the current study, a novel conception of the sentence-picture matching task was employed―instead of full sentences, n-v-n triplets were presented. People were asked to choose the picture that matched their interpretation regarding the number of entities inferred for the final item of the triplet. Participants' near ceiling accuracy rates for unambiguous control conditions, as well as their increased response times for ambiguous conditions indicated that they were indeed sensitive to the numerical contrast in the experiment, and that they performed this novel task correctly [35] .
Despite a strong bias for choosing a singular interpretation, binary logistic regression analyses revealed that plural interpretation for corresponding sentences did serve as significant predictors of plural picture choices to n-v-n stimuli. The strong singular bias is explained due to the nature of the linguistic stimuli ( | 4,919 |
Oh My Heartsie Girl & Co-Hosts Welcome's you!! Where we start early on week 153. This week our Co-Hosts have chosen from the previous week's links and I am sure that you will find it both fun<|fim_middle|> hope to see you again next week!
This is always a wonderful party. TFS with #BloggingGrandmothersLinkParty. | and interesting to meet and make friends with bloggers from around the world through our party and we appreciate your visit today!
❢❢We would love if you would post our Party Banner or this » link «on your site for others to enjoy the party each week!
adding new plants to an existing one or maybe in the house? How about new crafts or home decor?
Talk about it in Comments …..Everyone can get in n the conversation.
These things I have ordered and use, I love my Zen coloring book, great when I am feeling stressed and the Yankee Candle was a new addition and I love my Go To Planner for keeping track of all our appointments. The little wagon, well I just love this little Amish wagon and have it on my order list when I can afford it.
And my disclaimer is that if you click and make a purchase I would make a bit of money.
You've got a great round up of Easter craft ideas, I'm hoping to get my mother started on a project like one of these.
Thank you Jenna for joining us, yes Easter is less than 3 weeks away.
I try to make a craft for Easter each year, but not going overboard.
Nice to see you Deb, hope you have a lovely week!
Glad you joined us this week Steve, wish I could cut you a slice of cake. I thought it looked yummy too!
I'd like to plan a small herb garden; probably in pots indoors somewhere but I'd love to have some fresh herbs to cook with.
Living in the desert and only having desert landscape I have to plant in containers, it can be quite successful, be sure to use the right potting soil for indoors or out. They both have different supplements, outdoor is a higher concentration. I have had thyme and planted parsley last year and this spring it looks great. I love to have cilantro and its a tough one, this year its coming up voluntarily, hopefully, I can get some cuttings when needed. Good luck with your plants.
Thank you so much for hosting this wonderful party each week.
Thank you Kipia for sharing your blog with everyone by joining on #omhgww each week!
Thanks for the party, Karren. Hope you're having a wonderful week.
You are welcome Bev, I love hosting for great bloggers and to be able to help promote everyone's great talent.
Your cheesecake sounds good, I just bought expresso powder to use in a Banana bread, one of April Harris's recipes.
Thank you for sharing with us each week!
Thanks so much for hosting! I'm linking up with the THE ABCs OF ROSE BOOK GIVEAWAY that ends Apr-12-2019 at 9 PM CST. Also, the exclusive BLOGGING GRANDMOTHERS LINK PARTY 36 for any grandmother bogger who may see it!
Thank you Dee for sharing your giveaway and your party too, love bloggers to find them all.
Alissa that sounds good too. I have so much cream cheese right now, I need to make one soon.
I have been baking more gluten free but there are plenty of recipes I have been trying.
Thanks for opening the door of welcome here!
You are so welcome Michele, happy to have you visit to share each week!
Thank you Amy for joining us each week to share, have a great week!
I am looking forward to pollen season being over so I can clean everything. Right now everything is covered in a yellow pollen dust. I do love Spring especially when the leaves start coming out on the trees and everything is green again. I hope to plant some more rose bushes this year and possibly a small vegetable garden. Home grown tomatoes are the best.
Thank you Karren, for featuring my Easter tablescape, and for hosting these great link parties. There's so many fun blogs to explore!
You are welcome Rachelle for the feature we appreciate your participation and | 796 |
Get fashion inspo from these do-not-miss summer reads!
It's the summer of 1976 on exclusive Fire Island, and debutante Jean has fallen for Gil's Gatsby good looks and the way he likes Jean more than her<|fim_middle|> magic now, but she can steal it if she's brave enough. Pack your rain gear for this electrifying adventure.
Previous PostsGet Summer Date Inspo From Some Of Our Favorite Celebs. | glam older sister. When Army brat outsider Fritz falls for him, too, the girls find themselves competing in more than a tennis match.
Classic movie buff Bailey "Mink" Rydell has spent months crushing on a witty film geek she only knows online by "Alex." Two coasts separate them until Bailey moves in with her dad, who lives in the same California surfing town as Alex.
Tatum was never forced to have her memory stripped in The Program. So when her longtime boyfriend Weston was taken by the handlers, she hoped he'd remember her somehow—that their love would be strong enough. It wasn't.
The señoras gossip, saying Isabel's cursed with green skin and grass for hair and that she feeds on the poisonous plants in her father's garden. But when Lucas's girlfriend disappears, it's Isabel he turns to for answers. Soon he's drawn into her dangerous, enchanted world.
Seeker Daryn always used her Sight to save lives—until Sebastian, her first, and worst, mistake. Daryn knows Sebastian is alive, and it's up to her to rescue him. But will she have to become evil to destroy evil? We foresee a lot of excitement for this modern fantasy.
In a land ruled by violent storms, Aurora lacks the magic she needs to protect her people. When she stumbles upon a black market storm hunter, Aurora realizes she might not have | 282 |
Member Profile: ESTAMOS
IMPLEMENTOR
Water for People | Status: approved
ESTAMOS Organizaçao Communitária is a local Mozambican NGO that is based in Niassa Province, northern Mozambique and also has a programme in Maputo, the country's capital. Founded in 1996, ESTAMOS is recognized as one of the most innovative and influential NGOs working in Mozambique, winning numerous awards for its programmatic excellence.
Key contact: Feliciano dos Santos, Executive Director, feliciano@teledata.mz
Primary Focus Drinking Water - Community
Secondary Focus Sanitation - Community
ESTAMOS became one of the main partners of WaterAid in Mozambique in the late 1990s, and has done integrated water supply, sanitation and hygiene work in both rural Niassa (4 districts) and Maputo as well as supporting other NGOs in other Provinces in Mozambique with<|fim_middle|> Has an on-going M&E program that confirms high levels of project-level sustainability
• Has developed an innovative software component to water supply and sanitation that has led to sound project management and regular O&M at community level
• Has been featured in a series of publications (World Water Forum, Japan) and films on its innovative work
• Focuses its work in districts and bairros in Maputo to help these areas go from low levels of water and sanitation coverage to high, sustained levels of coverage
• Provided training support to other NGOs in Niassa, in Maputo and in other provinces (Nampula, Zambezi) designed to strengthen Mozambican civil society in water supply, sanitation and hygiene
www.estamos.org.mz
Primary Map it! | water and sanitation support (Zambezia and Cabo Delgado). ESTAMOS is conisdered a leader in watsan issues in the country stemming from their solid field work.
ESTAMOS' vision is "to provide a contribution for the reduction of absolute poverty in the country, as well as to be acknowledged by the civil society as well as by local communities as a reference with regards to its technical capabilities, the sustainability, efficiency and effectiveness of its activities, in awareness and education campaigns for the prevention and mitigation of HIV / AIDS, Water and sanitation as well as for its extensive and innovative sustainable development actions."
ESTAMOS has a wide variety of initiatives, including a comprehensive HIV/Aids initiative, a range of activities focused on food security and an extremely strong water, sanitation and hygiene initiative. In terms of water supply and sanitation, ESTAMOS has:
• Led the broadening of technical options available to communities by changing sector policy to include rope pumps and ecological sanitation
• | 202 |
Епархия Валенсы () — епархия Римско-католической церкви c центром в городе Валенса, Бразилия. Епархия Валенсы входит в митрополию Сан-Себастьян-до-Рио-де-Жанейро. Кафедральным собором епархии Валенсы является собор Пресвятой Девы Марии.
История
27 марта 1925 года Римский папа Пий XI издал буллу Ex apostolico officio, которой учредил епархию Валенсы, выделив её из епархии Барра-ду-Пираи-Волта-Редонды.
26 мартя 1960 года епархия Валенсы передала часть своей территории новой епархии Нова-Игуасу.
Ординарии епархии
епископ André Arcoverde de Albuquerque Cavalc<|fim_middle|>1938 — 2.04.1940);
епископ Rodolfo das Mercés de Oliveira Pena (3.01.1942 — 9.12.1960);
епископ José Costa Campos (9.12.1960 — 26.03.1979) — назначен епископом епархии Дивинополиса;
епископ Amaury Castanho (30.11.1979 — 3.05.1989);
епископ Elias James Manning (14.03.1990 — по настоящее время).
Источник
Annuario Pontificio, Ватикан, 2007
Булла Ex Apostolico officio, AAS 17 (1925), стр. 516
Ссылки
Информация
Католические епархии Бразилии | anti (1.03.1925 — 8.08.1936) — назначен епископом епархии Таубате;
епископ René de Pontes (13.10. | 55 |
An exploration of a project designed to draw out the<|fim_middle|> | views of service users on the future of the welfare state.
This study reports on a project which aimed to encourage and support debate among service users and/or benefit recipients about the future of the welfare state. Called 'Our Voice in Our Future', the project was set up by Shaping Our Lives, an organisation set up and run by service users to influence and improve service provision.
Our voice in our future explores how the project was set up, and reviews its findings. The project worked at two levels – nationally and through two local projects, one in Sheffield and the other in Shropshire – to promote and facilitate discussion of the long-term future of welfare by service users and user-led organisations. It focused on support services, benefits and mental health and addressed the need for holistic services, benefits fraud, standards of services and charges for services, and the medicalised approach to mental health issues. User involvement emerged as one of the key issues and the work itself showed many of the challenges to achieving full and proper user involvement.
The report particularly highlights the lack of structures for involvement in many areas, and at the same time it gives useful indicators on good practice in user involvement. | 233 |
In the above video I discuss the reasons why you might want to download your LinkedIn connections then I walk you through how to actually do it.
However, after completing the video I realized that I left out a couple of important pieces of information.
If you've been reading this blog for a while, you probably already know that I'm mostly an open networker – I accept invitations even from people I don't know. However, that doesn't mean I want to randomly build my network with anyone and everyone. I want to connect with people who are truly interested in building relationships.
As my LinkedIn network grows, I'm beginning to become more selective about who I add to my network because I want to know who these people are. I'm becoming increasingly annoyed by people who send me invitations to connect who have obviously not taken the time to even peruse my profile.
Many people consider LinkedIn as an online version of their resume. If you<|fim_middle|> Month of Social Media Posts In Just ONE WEEK!
"I bet you're missing at least 2 of them" | 're a business owner or consultant and you're thinking about LinkedIn this way you are missing out on a powerful opportunity to grow and gain new clients.
I've been on LinkedIn for over 10 years, but didn't start to really get any value out of it until I joined some groups specific to my target audience. I now have the opportunity to network with potential clients and referral sources on a daily and weekly basis.
I love LinkedIn. First, I positioned myself for success. Second I reached out to others to connect. Finally, I have made sure I keep in touch with my connections. My actions have resulted in having people come to me and wanting to be my client, speaking opportunities, interview and joint venture opportunities.
By far the feature on LinkedIn that has, and continues, to help me build my business is hosting my own group, Adventures in Visibility for Authors and Entrepreneurs. Having the opportunity to interact, discuss and share content with people who have chosen to be in the group, automatically accelerates our relationship and has generated new clients over time.
LinkedIn allows me to see what people are posting about to give me insights into their business needs. As a result, I am able to follow up and close sales worth thousands.
Susan Varty, HeadStart Social Inc.
One of my favourite tips is to invite my connections for a "virtual cup of coffee". We get on the phone, Skype, Google Hangout and just get to know each other. I don't try to pitch to them – it's just an opportunity to learn about them and their business. And of course, it gives them a chance to get to know me.
These virtual cup of coffee meetings have lead to great business relationships – guest spots on webinars, cross promotional opportunities, referrals and new business. It is one of the best marketing tools I have.
How about you? How do you use LinkedIn? Please leave a comment and share your best tips.
LinkedIn is more than an online resume. Join me at 2 p.m. eastern on November 4th for this live call, or watch the replay here.
I invited to be a guest on Bert Martinez's Money For Lunch Podcast. Also on the show was Vicky Oliver a leading career development expert and the multi-bestselling author talking about her newest: Live Like a Millionaire (Without Having to Be One).
I follow Vicky at about 29 minutes where I talk about LinkedIn marketing.
After me is Dustin Harward,s a National Speaker who believes that success comes from the inside-out.
I hope you enjoy the interviews.
Are Facebook Ads Worth the Money?
Are you missing from your social media?
Click here to download the report.
Please download it and be sure to read it and pick an action to implement right away. You'll be glad you did.
Create a | 568 |
Field Hockey in Tournament: Season Update<|fim_middle|>The Ultimate Teen Girl Gift Guide! Christmas 2019 |
Anna LoCicero '21|November 9, 2018
Field Hockey Seniors 2018
On Saturday, November 3rd, the NDA Varsity Field Hockey Team played against Franklin High School on the NDA turf. This was the team's first game for the second round of the tournament, as they got a pass in the first round. The team had a great season with a team score of 16-2-1. Every game was immensely packed with action, skill, and team spirit. The stands were always filled with family and friends cheering the players on to victory. They had a fantastic season coached by Coach Tozzi (Varsity Head Coach) and Coach King (Assistant Varsity Coach).
As their tournament game started, they were ready to play like they never played before. In the first 30-minute half, FHS scored their first goal with 3:52 remaining and NDA scored their first one with 1:52 by Caitlin Delano. Watching from the bleachers, it was safe to say that NDA dominated the first half and had many shots on an impressive goalie. NDA's goaltender, Cara Charette '20, had many saves. The second half was very intense. Franklin's second goal was scored during a free shot with 5:05 remaining. They then scored another goal. NDA played their hardest until the buzzer went off. The final score was 1-3. Though it was not a victory for NDA, I have never seen a more dedicated team showing their coaches, fans, and other teams what they have to prove.
As a team member of the JV Field Hockey team, I watched them in practice every day and every game and saw how hard they worked to achieve their goals. Everyone can't wait to see what varsity has in store for next season. Go Cougars!
National Letter of Intent Signing 2019
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SECA 91 and The Magical Stick
The First Three Weeks of the Patriots' Regular Season
Super Bowl LIII: New England vs Los Angeles
NFL Playoffs Update
Madison Ahern '19 on Playing for Team USA
Soccer Senior Night 2018: A Balloon Tragedy
How TikTok Poses a Potential Threat to U.S. Security
| 497 |
Academic research vs. guideline studies
Article in Science illustrates gap between academic researchers and regulators about scientific evidence use in assessment of chemicals' health risks
February 13, 2017 Greta Stieger
In an article published on February 10, 2017 in the journal Science, Warren Cornwall discusses the divide between academic scientists and regulators regarding the types of scientific studies to consider in government authorities' risk assessment of chemicals. Naming the endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC) bisphenol A (BPA, CAS 80-05-7) as a prominent example, Cornwall illustrates the "disputes surrounding regulations over chemicals ranging from flame retardants to pesticides." He highlights the difference between peer-reviewed academic research and guidelines studies that follow good laboratory practice (GLP). GLP includes "standards for data collection, record keeping, and acceptable kinds of tests," and is mostly used by industry and government laboratories. In contrast, academic research uses advanced scientific techniques and relies "on the scrutiny . . . from granting agencies, peer-reviewed journals, and university committees." According to Chris Portier, former head of the National Toxicology Program (NTP), part of the U.S. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), "regulators have<|fim_middle|> contact applications
First responses to RIVM's BPA report
Low dose BPA effects
EFSA to review BPA once more
FPF Workshop 2016: Enforcement, migration, and BPA | come to treat guideline studies as a more definitive statement that a chemical is safe, and more reliable than less-scripted academic studies." Thus, most academic research "is being ignored when it comes to public health protection from environmental chemicals," explained Tom Zoeller, professor of biology and research endocrinologist at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, U.S.. Further, Cornwall informs about the Consortium Linking Academic and Regulatory Insights on BPA Toxicity (CLARITY-BPA), which is an initiative headed by NIEHS with the aim to merge academic and government research methods and shed more light on the potential risks of BPA (FPF reported). CLARITY-BPA shall also provide a new model for assessing chemical safety.
Warren Cornwall (February 10, 2017). "Rules of evidence." Science 355(6325):564-567.
Topics: bisphenol A, endocrine disruptor, regulation, risk assessment, toxicity testing
How new research will shed light on BPA
Criteria to evaluate non-standard studies
Chemical Risk Assessment
FDA: BPA is safe for use in food | 238 |
Troy University Teaching Children Science Book Discussion
ACCEPT IF YOU HAVE THIS BOOK TITLE, THANK YOU!!!
Second Chapter Review
Complete the following with statements that give a clear picture of your understanding of the material contained in each of the 9 chapters.
Geologists commonly think of the rocks on Earth as being one of three major types. List the three types of rock, describe their general characteristics, and provide one example of each.
In this chapter, the authors state that in 2006, the International Astronomical Union redefined the definition of the term planet as a celestial body. Provide this definition, and then speak to why, according to this definition, Pluto is no longer considered a planet.
Select an Earth/Space Sciences concept listed in this chapter, and briefly develop a<|fim_middle|> Machine." Briefly describe activities in this center that had a strong language arts connection.
Imagine that you inflate a balloon and release it. Provide an explanation of why the balloon flies.
Some of the topics discussed in this chapter include light, prisms, and
color. Briefly describe the relationship between these concepts.
One important facet of teaching science involves maintaining a safe environment. Describe specifically the safety measures you would have to take, including the safety equipment you should have on hand, if you were to conduct the "You Could Hear a Pin Drop: The Conduction of Heat" demonstration in your classroom. | bulletin board that would include opportunities for relating the children's science work with another academic subject such as math.
Outline the scientific contributions of Watson and Crick to the life sciences.
In no more than three sentences, describe the essential functions of the circulatory system.
Reflect on the sample discovery center in this chapter entitled "The Wonder | 65 |
I have always loved the Art Nouveau era from jewelry to architecture. As you can see from the above examples it has a great influence on my jewelry designs. There is something about the free flowing forms and nature that I find so appealing.
I am fortunate that I have had the opportunity to travel to Europe and see the beautiful architecture first hand from Germany to Prague in the Czech Republic.
The above is an example off of a building in Coburg, Germany. I have many more examples of beautiful architecture to share soon! The two bracelets below are how I like to make the Art Nouveau a bit more edgy.
If you would like to be added to my VIP insiders mailing list for sales and special offers: vip insiders!
Do you have a favorite piece of Art Nouveau architecture?
In addition to making jewelry I love to garden. As I work in the garden I love listening to the buzzing of all the various types of bees busy at work. The faint buzzing of the honey bees to the louder bzzzzzzz of the bumble bees.
When I was a child my great grandfather had a wonderful garden of flowers and fruit trees. He also raised honey bees. One of many fond memories is of him collecting the honey from the hives, or of him making us a thick slab of bread with butter and honey.
Such lovely, happy and simple times.
I created this line of honey bee jewelry with him in mind. Little petite bees in various finishes and your choice of bead color.
Just one of many flowers from my garden.
Now back to my garden!
This lovely vintage bohemian garnet brooch was MIA. Couldn't find it. I had been searching for it everywhere and was beginning to think that I had put it in lot of newer costume jewelry to go to auction. This made me nervous, angry with myself and of course a bit sad.
Lots of forgotten bracelets and the brooch! How that brooch got in there is a mystery. There is an obvious theme of bangle bracelets and then this lonely lovely brooch. Many of the bracelets I have had for years and used to wear<|fim_middle|>gy faced fella with some vintage glass sugar beads and orange beads. He can be found here.
There is one more available but I can't seem to find a photo of him so just follow this link and you will be surprised!
Finally if you want to see more of Harry Wood's awesome creations here is a link to his etsy shop.
These would all make great gifts for that lover of Christmas! Now off to start decoration for the holidays. or is it too soon???
I don't usually wear brooches so I do not have many in my collection.
This is one that I found quite interesting. The pink and green combination reminds me of the old Miami Florida. Plus, who doesn't love a flamingo!? Probably will just keep this on the card….or may wear it as a pendant.
This locket brooch was in a large lot of jewelry that I purchased, again not really something that I would normally wear but love the nod to old Victorian lockets.
What a whimsical piece for sure. Love how the bouquet the girl is carrying is almost as big as she. The pickets fence and moon add to the whimsy. I may try to wear this as a pendant, will have to see how it works out.
Just kinda fell in love with this one for nostalgic reasons only. Again love bouquets in vases. This one with a hint of whimsy as well.
This I will absolutely wear as a pendant. Fantastic detail down to the bohemian dangle earrings!
Is it really an obsession? fun? just collecting? fashion?hoarding?………..all of the above.
I am in love with 1928 jewelry, especially the vintage/older pieces. I have recently added a few new pieces to my collection as well.
It is timeless jewelry, that is beautifully designed and made here in the USA!
Someone should write a book about the company!
I will start by sharing some photos and then hope to get into more detail in a later post. Maybe show how I wear the jewelry.
OK. I admit it I have a problem! I am obsessed with vintage brass stampings and findings.
The above photo shows maybe 1/4 of what I have. I use these to make jewelry if I have multiples of the same piece. I keep one of each and if I only have one then that gets kept as well. It started with my love of anything vintage and art nouveau and then just ballooned into a collection.
I love the detail, designs, smell, touch and design of vintage brass. Things just aren't made like this anymore. Yes new brass stampings are being made even from old dies but the detail gets lost. The actual process of how these were made is quite intriguing.
Now deciding on how to display these without ruining the pieces. Any suggestions? | frequently. Perhaps I stopped wearing them because the box they were was lonely and forgotten. This still doesn't solve the mystery of the single brooch but that is ok with me!
So I guess cleaning and reorganizing does pay off. One of those tasks that I least enjoy but maybe now I will look at it as an adventure. I may just find some forgotten treasures like the ones below.
I love the holiday season. The anticipation of being with family and friends, the music, the cool weather and of course the decorations. I grew up with old Victorian and early European Christmas ornaments and decorations. When I saw this lovely raku Santa pendant made by Harry Wood I just had to have it. (and not just this one) I made it into a necklace along with some of his raku beads. I should have kept it but it is being enjoyed my someone else.
There is something about the nostalgic feel of his pieces that draws me to them and to create some fun holiday jewelry. Though some lovers of Christmas keep things up all year!
Here are three more necklaces that I sold using Harry Wood's lovely pieces.
What a lovely way to get into the holiday spirit.
I have two more pieces available in my etsy shop at the moment.
The first I just put on a simple chain and can be found here.
The second is a sweet pud | 274 |
Youth For Understanding USA (YFU) is pleased to announce that The Council on Standards for International Educational Travel (CSIET) continues to recognize YFU for its commitment to quality and safety in their 2016-2017 Advisory List.
CSIET is a not-for-profit organization committed to quality international educational travel and exchange for youth at the high school level. Its purpose is to identify reputable international youth exchange programs; to provide leadership and support to the exchange and educational communities; to ensure youth are provided with meaningful and safe international exchange experiences; and to promote the importance and educational value of international youth exchange.
This achievement reflects YFU's global commitment to quality, and consistent application of CSIET standards throughout the international YFU network.
Families around<|fim_middle|> strong reputation for quality, high safety standards, and knowledgeable and local support network. As one of the world's oldest and largest exchange organizations, YFU has provided study abroad opportunities to more than 70 countries for 260,000+ high school students since 1951.
Annual application for listing in the CSIET Advisory List is voluntary. Organizations and programs are accorded Full Listing in the CSIET Advisory List when they have demonstrated full compliance with all CSIET Standards. | the world trust YFU because of its | 8 |
> Legal resources
> Regulations
> §111
SUBPART A - Enforcement
§ 111.1 Scope (52 U.S.C. 30109).
§ 111.2 Computation of time.
§ 111.3 Initiation of compliance matters (52 U.S.C. 30109(a)(1), (2)).
§ 111.4 Complaints (52 U.S.C. 30109(a)(1)).
§ 111.5 Initial complaint processing; notification (52 U.S.C. 30109(a)(1)).
§ 111.6 Opportunity to demonstrate that no action should be taken on complaint-generated matters (52 U.S.C. 30109 (a)(1)).
§ 111.7 General Counsel's recommendation on complaint-generated matters (52 U.S.C. 30109(a)(1).
§ 111.8 Internally generated matters; referrals (52 U.S.C. 30109(a)(2)).
§ 111.9 The reason to believe finding; notification (52 U.S.C. 30109(a)(2)).
§ 111.10 Investigation (52 U.S.C. 30109 (a)(2)).
§ 111.11 Written questions under order (52 U.S.C. 30107(a)(1)).
§ 111.12 Subpoenas and subpoenas duces tecum; depositions (52 U.S.C. 30107(a)(3), (4)).
§ 111.13 Service of subpoenas, orders and notifications (52 U.S.C. 30107(a)(3), (4)).
§ 111.14 Witness fees and mileage (52 U.S.C. 30107 (a)(5)).
§ 111.15 Motions to quash or modify a subpoena (52 U.S.C. 30107(a)(3), (4)).
§ 111.16 The probable cause to believe recommendation; briefing procedures (52 U.S.C. 30109 (a)(3)).
§ 111.17 The probable cause to believe finding; notification (52 U.S.C. 30109(a)(4)).
§ 111.18 Conciliation (52 U.S.C. 30109(a)(4)).
§ 111.19 Civil proceedings (52 U.S.C. 30109(a)(6)).
§ 111.20 Public disclosure of Commission action (52 U.S.C. 30109(a)(4)).
§ 111.21 Confidentiality (52 U.S.C. 30109(a)(12)).
§ 111.22 Ex parte communications.
§ 111.23 Representation by counsel; notification.
§ 111.24 Civil Penalties (52 U.S.C. 30109(a)(5), (6), (12), 28 U.S.C. 2461 nt.).
SUBPART B - Administrative Fines
§ 111.30 When will subpart B apply?
§ 111.31 Does this subpart replace subpart A of this part for violations of the reporting requirements of 52 U.S.C. 30104(a)?
§ 111.32 How will the Commission notify respondents of a reason to believe finding and a proposed civil money penalty?
§ 111.33 What are the respondent's choices upon receiving the reason to believe finding and the proposed civil money penalty?
§ 111.34 If the respondent decides to pay the civil money penalty and not to challenge the reason to believe finding, what should the respondent do?
§ 111.35 If the respondent decides to challenge the alleged violation or proposed civil money penalty, what should the respondent do?
§ 111.36 Who will review the respondent's written response?
§ 111.37 What will the Commission do once it receives the respondent's written response and the reviewing officer's recommendation?
§ 111.38 Can the respondent appeal the Commission's final determination?
§ 111.39 When must the respondent pay the civil money penalty?
§ 111.40 What happens if the respondent does not pay the civil money penalty pursuant to 11 CFR 111.34 and does not submit a written response to the reason to believe finding pursuant to 11 CFR 111.35?
§ 111.41 [Reserved]
§ 111.42 Will the enforcement file be made available to the public?
§ 111.43 What are the schedules of penalties?
§ 111.44 What is the schedule of penalties for 48-hour notices that are not filed or are filed late?
§ 111.46 How will the respondent be notified of actions taken by the Commission and the reviewing officer?
SUBPART C - Collection of Debts Arising From Enforcement and Administration of Campaign Finance Laws
§ 111.50 Purpose and scope.
§ 111.51 Debts that are covered.
§ 111.52 Administrative collection of claims.
§ 111.53 Litigation by the Commission.
§ 111.54 Bankruptcy claims.
§ 111.55 Interest, penalties, and administrative costs.
Regulation Timeline
Find the regulation effective on this date:
Current Law
Final Rule
Compare 111 effective on 1/1/2019 with
a. (a) If the Commission, either after reviewing a complaint-generated recommendation as described in 11 CFR 111.7 and any response of a respondent submitted pursuant to 11 CFR 111.6, or after reviewing an internally-generated recommendation as described in 11 CFR 111.8<|fim_middle|>b. (b) If the Commission finds no reason to believe, or otherwise terminates its proceedings, the General Counsel shall so advise both complainant and respondent by letter.
Previous section - § 111.8 Internally generated matters; referrals (52 U.S.C. 30109(a)(2)).
Next section - § 111.10 Investigation (52 U.S.C. 30109 (a)(2)).
This information is not intended to replace the law or to change its meaning, nor does this information create or confer any rights for or on any person or bind the Federal Election Commission or the public.
The reader is encouraged also to consult the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971, as amended (52 U.S.C. 30101 et seq.), Commission regulations (Title 11 of the Code of Federal Regulations), Commission advisory opinions and applicable court decisions.
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(example: 111.8(b))
(Open it to go to that section.)
Inline interpretations/commentary from Supplement I
Term defined within
the current regulation.
(Open it to see full definition.) | , determines by an affirmative vote of four (4) of its members that it has reason to believe that a respondent has violated a statute or regulation over which the Commission has jurisdiction, its Chairman or Vice Chairman shall notify such respondent of the Commission's finding by letter, setting forth the sections of the statute or regulations alleged to have been violated and the alleged factual basis supporting the finding.
| 76 |
How do you make waiting for food fun?!
In the US GrubHub are a massive brand, offering a similar role to the likes of<|fim_middle|> that each time an order went through they were invited to play. A suite of social sharing options helped spread the word further still. | Deliveroo or Just Eat. They came to us with a proposition - "how can we keep our customers engaged whilst they wait for their food to arrive?" The answer was a sticky, super addictive game that saw players take on the personas from their current TV campaign.
Running across the rooftops, these savoury superheroes were on a mission to bring delicious food to people's homes as quickly as possible. A roster of unlockable playable characters as well as new game modes mean that we hooked players way beyond just their delivery slot.
Presented in sumptuous neo-retro pixel art, the game was super targeted to hits its audience right in the nostalgia spot and the style was an instant hit. GrubRunner was delivered as an easter egg so | 151 |
Castlemartyr is a ruined castle situated in the grounds of Castlemartyr Resort, a 5 star luxury resort hotel in the town of Castlemartyr, about 20 minutes drive from Cork City.
Castlemartyr is set amongst picturesque woodland. On the site is a ruined 13th century castle that once that belonged to the Knights Templar, and a 17th century manor house. The entrance to the estate is via an impressive gated entrance in Castlemartyr village. The Manor House has been<|fim_middle|>. The resort only hosts one wedding per day, and offers a complimentary room in the Manor House for the bride and groom on their wedding night. To make your day special, your wedding at Castlemartyr offers a red carpet welcome, personalized menus, advice on recommended local suppliers, complimentary Capel suite room hire for weddings with over 120 guests, use of formal gardens and resort grounds.
The castle was first built in 1210 by the Knights Templar under leadership of Richard Earl de Clare, also known as Strongbow. By the mid 15th century, the castle was the seat for the local seneschal appointed by James, Earl of Ormond. Castlemartyr was captured in 1569 by Sir Henry Sidney, when Ormond's men abandoned the castle overnight after a cannon attack. It was subsequently given to Sir Walter Raleigh, and later taken by the seneschal John FitzGerald. The Earl of Ormond attacked the castle in 1579. John FitzGerald was eventually captured in 1583 and died a few years later in Dublin Castle in 1589. In the 1640s, the castle again saw conflict and changed hands twice more before being set on fire to prevent it being used as a base for the Irish Confederate forces. During the civil war, the castle was captured by the Irish, and then recaptured by the Williamites in 1690, but was badly damaged and eventually abandoned and fell into disrepair. During the 17th century, Richard Boyle, the first Earl of Cork built the magnificent Manor House. | restored to its original elegance and is now a focal point of the Castlemartyr Resort. Eleven of the resort's 103 rooms are in the old Manor House and the rest are in a modern building alongside the manor.
Castlemartyr Resort, which opened in 2007, is one of the finest luxury hotels in Ireland, and one of the best in Europe. It is a five star hotel with 103 guest rooms and suites and a luxury spa. Rooms and suites range in size from 500 square feet to 3000 square feet. The centerpiece of the resort is a beautifully restored manor with many of the original features preserved, including an ornate Rococo ceiling in what was once the Ballroom.
Castlemartyr is magnificent venue for your Irish wedding | 168 |
Victoria Mapplebeck received funding for Missed Call from Little Dot Studios, who commission documentaries for the Real Stories You Tube Channel and SVOD app.
For the past four years I've been experimenting with smartphone film production. I recently shot and directed Missed Call, the first short film to be shot on an iPhone X. As the camera technology on each new generation evolves, many directors have begun to experiment with smartphone filmmaking. In 2015, Sean Baker's Tangerine was shot on an iPhone 5. And Stephen Soderbergh's 2018 film Unsane was shot on the iPhone 7.
Missed Call explores my relationship with my 14-year-old son Jim. I raised Jim alone following a short-lived relationship with his dad. He came to see him a handful of times when he was a baby before deciding that he didn't want to be involved in his life. My film brings to life a series of conversations between myself and my son as we discuss how we'll reconnect with a father he hasn't seen since he was two.
For Jim, being filmed by his mum with an iPhone wasn't a big deal. When he looked into the lens on the iPhone X all he saw was me. When I first<|fim_middle|> an awkward or ridiculous expression … I capture like a benevolent paparazzo. Stolen, yes, but … my aim is the opposite of tabloids. I try to give them their best moment, often imperceptible in the stream of time.
The smartphone has transformed how we record, collect and share the world we live in, both inside and outside the home. When I'm filming with my iPhone in parks and public spaces, nobody takes any notice.
Shooting alone with a smartphone demands a fraction of what it costs to work with a conventional crew and kit. I've also begun to use phone apps for other creative solutions in working with a tight budget. My first smartphone short, 160 Characters, was made for just £2,000. When my composer dropped out with only days notice, my son picked up his iPhone, downloaded the GarageBand app and composed the end credit music, all in 15 minutes. And even better, he gave me the rights for the price of a new pair of trainers.
160 Characters received a Vimeo Staff pick and has been shared widely online. George Takei (of Star Trek fame) shared it on his Facebook page. With more than 12m followers, it received nearly 4,000 Facebook shares from his page alone. It's since gathered over a million hits. Proof that you don't need a huge budget to find your audience.
In 1992, I shot and directed my first documentary for Channel 4 on a Hi 8 camera, a semi professional video camera, suitable for broadcast but lightweight enough that I could shoot alone. It was a game changer. More than two decades on, I'm still shooting films alone, but the camera has gone from needing a bag the size of a small suitcase to one that fits in my back pocket.
Smartphones are portable, unobtrusive and – even for the most cash strapped filmmaker – they're accessible. When I began my career it was virtually impossible to make films without a TV or film commission. Over the years I've seem many talented directors give up because they lacked the skills, time and energy to raise finance. My own film-making epiphany came when 160 Characters played at The London Film Festival. Seeing it up on a big screen made me realise that the gap between the idea for a film and it reaching its final audience has never been so small. | began directing for TV, subjects would struggle to pretend that a five-person crew (largely made up of men) were just part of the wallpaper.
Tabloids love to catch people (preferably celebrities) unaware, if possible with | 47 |
Paul, as director<|fim_middle|> library? Give them something new and exciting. | of public programs at the New York Public Library, is founder, curator, and voice of "LIVE from the NYPL." He pours his energies into creating stimulating programs to bring books, ideas, and people together. His role is to make the Library's lions roar—to "oxygenate" the library. People ask him how he comes up with his ideas for conversations in the library.
He basically hitchhiked around the world and spent an enormous amount of time in his childhood exploring with words. He's not a librarian. He taught at many universities, worked at the Getty Museum, and began a program at the Institute for Art and Cultures at the Los Angeles County Museum. He was then recruited by NYPL.
He brings very large groups together – and makes the extremely private experience of reading public. He calls it "cognitive theater." He brought Norman Mailer together with Gunter Grass. The program also has an artist in residence – Flash Rosenberg – she does absolutely wonderful, witty "conversation portraits." Check it out at www.nypl.org/LIVE.
The push to provide gaming and popular activities, as espoused by Erik and others, strikes him as somewhat desperate – why should the library give young people the same as what's on the street just to get them into the | 259 |
BackFoundation and Family Partnerships
Making Headway Foundation
CBTN Executive Council
Why was Making Headway Foundation created?
After their daughter Cynthia underwent surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation for her malignant brain tumor, Maya and her husband Edward struggled to find the help they needed to try and return to a more "normal" life. They didn't know where to turn for advice on how to address the stresses that their family faced, or where to find help. Little by little, here and there, they found resources to help, but it was a haphazard, difficult, and often frustrating endeavor. A few years later, Maya started working as a volunteer art therapist in the NYU playroom. There she met many other families that were going through the same stressful journey that she had had gone through. They needed help in the hospital and navigating the system; they needed help at home, learning to cope with new dynamics, responsibilities and emotions; they needed help in their communities, addressing the challenges of school and life. Maya and Edward knew—from their own experiences— that they wanted to provide support and resources to families facing these sorts of challenges. Thus, the vision for Making Headway, and its mission of "care, comfort, and cure," was born. In 1996, Clint Greenbaum (a fellow parent), Maya, and Edward established Making Headway Foundation to make their vision into a reality. The past 25 years has been a journey of love for everyone at Making Headway. Although there<|fim_middle|> with a brain or spinal cord tumor, before surgery, during the hospital stay, and after the child returns home. Our programs and services are designed to help children and their families cope with the fear, anxiety, and neurological consequences of hospitalization, surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation treatments. At the same time, Making Headway is helping to find a cure, funding vital medical research in a field that has long been underfunded.
What is the focus of Making Headway Foundation's efforts?
Making Headway Foundation is specific focused on families impacted by a pediatric brain or spinal cord tumor. Brain tumors are the most common type of pediatric cancer and the leading cause of cancer deaths in infants, children, and young adults under age 20. In 2021, an estimated 4,630 new cases of pediatric brain tumors will be diagnosed in the US. Research into this disease is significantly underfunded and we all need to work together to find better treatments and a cure.
In what ways does Making Headway support the brain tumor community?
Over the past 25 years, we have raised and allocated over $26 million to support medical research, quality-of-life programs, college scholarships, hospital care services, clinical trials and medical research, neuro-oncology fellowships, family events, emergency care, educational advocacy, bereavement services, raising awareness, playroom improvements, free family and individual therapy, health and wellness, tissue banking, and research equipment.
Why does Making Headway Foundation support the CBTN?
CBTN represents the best of collaborative research, open-access data, and cutting-edge research with a specific goal to improve the health children and young adults diagnosed with a brain tumor. Only by working together, can our community finally make the medical breakthroughs needed to develop new treatments and a cure. Making Headway is proud to be part of this global effort. | have been deeply sad moments, we have also been able to see the joy and help our services have brought to families. We are touched by every family who has been part of the Making Headway journey.
What are the goals of Making Headway Foundation?
Making Headway Foundation's mission is to "provide care and comfort for children with brain and spinal cord tumors while funding medical research geared to better treatments and a cure." Medical science has made significant, rapid advances in the treatment of pediatric brain and spinal cord tumors. Afflicted children are living longer than ever before. Yet even the best medical team can address only some aspects of the care and support these children and their families need. Making Headway provides supportive care and comfort to families of children diagnosed | 149 |
Buying a property can be a very exciting time. You will get the chance to move up the property ladder and put your very own stamp on a property. You never know, your next house might become the family home that you have always dreamed of! But do you know exactly what makes a good home? Sure, the ones that you have looked at already were all beautiful and had enough space. But what else should you bear in mind when hunting for a new home? Here are some important things to consider.
So, the home is fantastic, but what do you know about the surrounding neighborhood? There is no point moving into a nice new home only to find out that there is a crime problem in the local area! So it is a good idea to do your homework before you commit to buying a house. Research the area, as well as the local schools and amenities. You never know,<|fim_middle|> garden.
Shared driveways are a big dealbreaker for many people who are looking to buy a house. Owning this shared space usually puts a lot of people off purchasing a property. After all, they do not yet know who their neighbors are, and might not want to risk getting into arguments with them over this shared space. If you can't decide whether or not you are bothered by this shared area, you should speak to the current homeowners to see how they have found owning such a shared space. They will be able to tell you about their experiences of sharing their driveway with their neighbor.
What Kind Of Ground Is The House On?
Usually, there is nothing to worry about when it comes to properties on level ground. However, if you look at a house that is on a slight slope, you need to be aware that this can slightly increase the chance of flooding. Especially if it is located near a river or body of water. Properties on sloped ground could also have limited accessibility for the disabled. This may be something else for you to consider. | you might uncover something that will turn you off the new house completely!
How Is The Property's Garden?
You should also consider the property's garden. Many people don't even go out to look at the outdoor spaces when they are viewing a property, as they are so focused on the house itself. However, this is a big mistake. If you buy a house that has a jungle for a garden, you will need to spend a lot of time and money fixing it up. If you aren't a keen gardener, then you should try and find a house that has a garden that needs little work to it. For instance, a fruit tree and vegetable garden could require you to tend it quite a bit. If that puts you off, then look for a home with a simple lawned | 159 |
Q: What is the proper way to clone/duplicate an ObjectSet and its entities? I am new to the Entity Framework and have the following problem:
I get a list of objects from the ObjectContext (RepEntities) which is used to<|fim_middle|> property in other parent objects which have the same selected child object. Therefore, the ObjectSet returns a reference to the same objects each time.
I solved my issue by manually cloning the objects in the ObjectSet as follows:
public List<mblDataItem> GetSupportDataItems()
{
var items= (from e in RepEntities.jblDatItemDatTypes
where e.mblDataType.dtDsc == "Support"
select e.mblDataItem).OrderBy(p => p.diDsc).ToList();
mblDataItem di;
List<mblDataItem> diItems = new List<mblDataItem>();
foreach (var item in items)
{
di = new mblDataItem();
di.diID = item.diID;
di.diDsc = item.diDsc;
di.diSQL = item.diSQL;
di.Influence = item.Influence;
di.Comment = item.Comment;
di.PrimValue = item.PrimValue;
di.CompValue = item.CompValue;
diItems.Add(di);
}
return diItems;
}
What is the proper way of cloning/duplicating the ObjectSet ? Also, the way I am doing it I will not be able to use the navigation properties to get related entities. UPDATE:
Ok, so I tried doing it as explained on Cloning an Entity in Linq-to-Entities and suggested by Schwarzie2478. This does not work for me as I need to clone more than one object. What I need is to have a multiple collections of mblDataItems whose properties can be set independently from each other but still have the same EntityKey, so that inserts are done correctly. I also noticed that my first solution is flawed, because when I call SaveChanges() it inserts additional mblDataItems and then uses the newly inserted IDs in my joining table, instead of the existing mblDataItem IDs. What am I doing wrong?
| populate a grid. The grid allows users to modify and select the binded objects. Once this is done I add the selected objects to another parent object. The issue is that when a property is changed for a specific object it also changes the | 48 |
THERE are few things as mournful as a darkened, silent midway. So when the Canadian National Exhibition opened last week, Toronto as a whole took heart. The historic Aug.
IT TOOK just nine seconds to turn the clock back a century. A voltage fluctuation in some Ohio transmission lines. Then, at 4:11 p.m. n a muggy August Thursday, a faster-than-you-can-blink reversal in the flow of current, suddenly sucking away a city's worth of power from the eastern half of the continent.
In the belly of the nuclear beast, the massive domes of the reactors rise ominously to a height of more than 45 m, their radioactive interiors visible only through the thick windows of airlocks.
Call it the Great Mall of China. Two years ago, Prime Minister Jean CHRÉTIEN led nine premiers and more than 400 business people on a mission to vastly expand trade with the world's most populous market.
Chalk River Nuclear Laboratories, see Nuclear research establishments.
Coal demethanation is a process by which methane gas is removed from coal deposits. The principal objective of coal demethanation, since its introduction in 1943, has been<|fim_middle|> systems that feed electricity to domestic, commercial and industrial users. | to remove the safety hazard the gas poses to miners.
Coal gasification is a process by which coal is converted into a fuel gas rich in hydrogen and carbon monoxide.
Coal liquefaction is a process that converts coal from a solid state into liquid fuels, usually to provide substitutes for petroleum products.
The early history of the use of electrical energy in Canada is quite complex and lacks complete documentation.
Electric-power transmission lines carry power from generating plants (see electric-power generation) to the distribution | 96 |
Poll, Carol, 2 resultados 2
Rittenberg, Jack, 1 resultados 1
Smith, Peg, 1 resultados 1
Green, Annette, 2 resultados 2
Bishop, Hazel, 1906-1998, 2 resultados 2
Liz Claiborne, Inc., 1 resultados 1
Feldman, Marvin, 1 resultados 1
Goodman, Shirley, 191<|fim_middle|> their market.
Smith, Peg | 5-1991, 1 resultados 1
Godnick, Newton Everett, 1 resultados 1
Jarnow, Jeannette A., 1 resultados 1
Roberts, Ted, 1 resultados 1
FIT history, 2 resultados 2
Fashion education, 2 resultados 2
Fashion merchandising, 1 resultados 1
Deans (Education), 1 resultados 1
Emeritus, 1 resultados 1
Student affairs, 1 resultados 1
Sexism, 1 resultados 1
Racism, 1 resultados 1
Perfumes industry, 1 resultados 1
Cosmetics industry, 1 resultados 1
Rittenberg, Jack
Entidade detentora Fashion Institute of Technology-SUNY, Gladys Marcus Library, College Archives Fashion Institute of Technology-SUNY, Gladys Marcus Library, Historical Forecasts Fashion Institute of Technology-SUNY, Gladys Marcus Library, Special Collections and College Archives
Nível de descrição box Coleção container digital folder folder Item Level of Description Séries sub-series sub-sub-series sub-sub-sub-series sub-sub-sub-sub-series subgroup volume
Jack Rittenberg interview, circa 1994-1995
US NNFIT SC.FITA.3.20.4.9.4.24
Parte de Academic Affairs records
Dean Emeritus at the Department of Business and Technology at the time of this interview, Jack Rittenberg discusses his many roles while at FIT between the years of 1963 and 1992. He talks of the development of degrees within the baccalaureate program such as those in advertising and menswear, the latter being a degree that Rittenberg co-developed with Ted Roberts. He talks extensively about the school's early existence in the C Building and the growth of the physical campus as FIT became more than a commuter school. Rittenberg remembers the building of the library and how space for the clothing collection allowed them to split from a storage arrangement with the Brooklyn Museum. Formerly a buyer for Bond Stores, Rittenberg has enjoyed showing FIT's collections off to friends and visitors. Though Rittenberg was retired at the time of the interview, he was still teaching a spring merchandising course as well as industry seminars. He talks about strong relationships with alumni of the school and how retirement has allowed him to keep in touch with many of them through travel. Rittenberg talks about the faculty tendency to continue to work in the Industry so as to remain current. He also discusses the uniquely driven nature of the FIT student body. Rittenberg then goes into detail about the liberal arts program and gives a deep history of the founding and development of FIT from its roots as the Central High School of Needle Trades. He briefly discusses international students and changing demographics of the school and then launches into a discussion of the evolution of attitudes within the industry in regards to race and sex. The interview ends with a brief discussion of the decline of the fur industry.
Peg Smith Interview, 1995 March 14
Coordinator for the Cosmetic and Fragrance Marketing Program at the time of this interview, Peg Smith joined FIT as a part-time professor in the Fashion Buying and Merchandising Department (FBM) in 1977. She came with a background in buying and merchandising for large companies such as Bloomingdale's. Smith came on full-time in 1981 and, in 1988, was offered chairmanship of the burgeoning 4-year Bachelor of Science degree in Cosmetic and Fragrance Marketing. She discusses the history of the program. Dean Jack Rittenberg asked Hazel Bishop to found the program and she formulated the original curriculum which was primarily science-based. Smith details close working relationships with the Industry that have helped the program thrive, especially thanks to the efforts of Annette Green, who formed the Action Council for their department. Smith talks about the benefits of their mentorship program, which was the first at the college. She discusses various funding sources such as a luncheon during Fragrance Week wherein they netted $90,000 in scholarship money for their students in 1994. She also discusses the industry support that has allowed for the Gladys Marcus Library to purchase relevant materials as well as the funding brought in by the Action Council to build the Annette Green Fragrance Foundation Studio in 1994. She talks about changes in the curriculum over time and how she remains connected to the Industry to stay current. The department had recently added a fine arts course, a social science elective, and now requires French. Smith is hoping the department will be removed from their larger marketing umbrella so that they can continue their growth. Smith states that their industry has always been globally-minded, given that essential oils are sourced from all over the world. Each year they take their students on a summer study in the United Kingdom and France. Smith details their site visits at Estee Lauder, Revlon, Givenchy, Hermes, and L'Oreal as well as visits to family-owned essential oil houses in the south of France. Thanks to further grants, most of their students are able to go on this trip. Smith then talks about the demographics of her students and alumni placement. Finally, she discusses changes in the industry and the cosmetic industry's need to diversify | 1,110 |
Gailbach (lokale Aussprache: []) ist ein Stadtteil der kreisfreien Stadt Aschaffenburg mit 1714 Einwohnern (31. Dezember 2018) und gehört zum Regierungsbezirk Unterfranken im Freistaat Bayern der Bundesrepublik Deutschland.
Geographie
Der Stadtteil grenzt im Norden an die Gemeinde Haibach und deren Ortsteil Dörrmorsbach im Landkreis Aschaffenburg; im Süden an den Ortsteil Soden der Marktgemeinde Sulzbach am Main im Landkreis Miltenberg, an die Waldabteilung Weißberg des Stadtteils Schweinheim, und reicht dort bis vor die Söder Eiche. Im Südwesten grenzt Gailbach entlang des Waldrandes und mit seinen Sportplätzen an die Waldabteilung Reichenbacher<|fim_middle|>heim des Vizedomamts Aschaffenburg, die ihren Sitz in Aschaffenburg hatte.
1812 hatte Gailbach 41 Feuerstellen und 230 Seelen (Einwohner) und gehörte zur Districtsmairie Schweinheim im Departement Aschaffenburg des Großherzogtums Frankfurt. Maire war Peter Hasenstab, Adjunct Johann Roth, Schullehrer Joseph Hornung.
Nach dem Übergang an die Krone Bayern gehörte Gailbach zu dem am 1. Oktober 1814 errichteten Landgericht Aschaffenburg.
1830 hatte Gailbach 308 Einwohner, die in 41 Häusern wohnten. Es hatte eine Schule und war Filiale der Pfarrei Schweinheim. Mit dem Landgericht Aschaffenburg kam Gailbach 1862 zum Bezirksamt Aschaffenburg, das ab 1939 als Landkreis Aschaffenburg bezeichnet wurde.
Nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg kamen zahlreiche Heimatvertriebene nach Gailbach. Die Einwohnerzahl stieg in wenigen Jahren von ca. 800 auf 1100. Im Jahre 1970 wurde die Verbindungsstraße zum Sulzbacher Ortsteil Soden dem Verkehr übergeben (Weißbergstraße, bzw. Kreisstraße MIL 30). Noch vor der Eingemeindung wurde die Hauptstraße in "Aschaffenburger - " und "Dörrmorsbacher Straße", 1975 die "Ohmbachgasse" in "Waldackerstraße" umbenannt. Im Rahmen der Gemeindegebietsreform wurde die Gemeinde Gailbach am 1. April 1975 mit 1367 Einwohnern in die Stadt Aschaffenburg eingegliedert. Bereits zuvor hatte eine städtische Buslinie bestanden. 2012 feierte Gailbach am 14. und 15. Juli die 750-Jahr-Feier des Ortes mit einer Festmeile in der Glaserstraße (ehemals Friedensstraße) unterhalb der Turnhalle und der Einweihung eines Modells der alten Kirche.
Wappen
Die ehemals selbständige Gemeinde Gailbach hatte ein Gemeindewappen: Ein rotgeflügelter, ansonsten silberner Speer teilt aufgerichtet sowie eine silberne Wellenlinie teilt liegend ein rotes Schild. Jedes der beiden oberen Viertel wird von einem silbernen Hufeisen geziert.
Sehenswertes
Das Fachwerkhaus Kitz-Haus ist ein ehemaliger Bauernhof aus dem Jahr 1803.
Neue Kirche St. Matthäus
zweiteilige Höhle im Wald unterhalb Dörrmorsbach
Vereine und Kultur
Mehrere Vereine existieren in Gailbach, darunter
der ansässige Fußballverein Kickers Gailbach
der Verein für Heimat-Geschichte und Kultur Gailbach e. V.
der Musikverein Gailbach 1923 e. V.
der TSV Gailbach 1895 e. V. mit den Abteilungen Turnen, Leichtathletik, Jiu Jitsu, Tischtennis und Ringen, wobei Gailbach in der 2. Bundesliga ringt.
die Freiwillige Feuerwehr Gailbach – Löschzug 7 der Stadt Aschaffenburg
die Deutsche Pfadfinderschaft Sankt Georg (DPSG Gailbach Stamm Guy de Larigaudie)
der Wanderverein "Wanderlust Gailbach 1930 e. V."
Persönlichkeiten
Albrecht Velte (* 17. Juni 1920; † 14. September 1992), Bürgermeister von 1965 bis 1975
Gregor Türk (* 1932 in Frickenhausen), seit 1966 Pfarrer in Gailbach, Ehrenbürger der ehemaligen Gemeinde Gailbach und der Stadt Aschaffenburg
Kurioses
Die Gailbacher werden von Einwohnern der umliegenden Orte und der Aschaffenburger Stadtteile, also etwa den Haibacher Wellenkippern, Schweinheimer Häffen und den Aschaffenburger Pflasterschissern mit dem Scherznamen "Gailbacher Rehböcke" (mundartlich auch: "Gaalmischer Räibeck") bezeichnet.
Im Jahr 1878 war die ehemalige Gaststätte Zum grünen Baum auf dem heutigen Metzgereianwesen in der Aschaffenburger Straße nahe dem Klingertweg äußerster Vorposten der Gemeinde Gailbach in Richtung Aschaffenburg. Etwas oberhalb dieser Gaststätte befand sich im Wald das sogenannte Goldloch, ein Mundloch, das auch in der Sage Der Schäfer vom Findberge vorkommt, und nach welchem eine heute ebenfalls nicht mehr bestehende Gailbacher Gaststätte benannt war, die Goldloch-Schenke.
Die Silhouette des ursprünglich kegelförmigen Findberges und die des Stengerts sollen, vom Aschaffenburger Pompejanum aus betrachtet, den König Ludwig I. von Bayern an den Vesuv erinnert haben.
Literatur
Aschaffenburger Studien. II. Dokumentationen, Band 15 – GAILBACH – Vom Dorf zum Stadtteil im Grünen, Ulrike Klotz M. A. und Renate Welsch, zusammengestellt vom Arbeitskreis Gailbacher Bildband, Verlag: Stadt Aschaffenburg, 2000, ISBN 3-922355-22-6
Weblinks
Dorfportrait auf der Homepage des Heimatvereins
Pfadfinder DPSG Gailbach, Stamm Guy de Larigaudie
Der Schäfer vom Findberge (Sage)
Einzelnachweise
Ort in der kreisfreien Stadt Aschaffenburg
Ehemalige Gemeinde (Aschaffenburg)
Gemeindeauflösung 1975 | Wald und bis vor den Aussichtsturm auf dem Stengerts an die Waldabteilung Salzlacke, die ebenfalls zum Stadtteil Schweinheim gehören. Im Westen grenzt Gailbach an die Waldabteilung Scheidgraben und den Walddistrikt VI Elterwald des Stadtteils Schweinheim. Der Stadtteil wird vom gleichnamigen Gailbach durchflossen. Der höchste Gipfel ist der des Findberges mit ca. 355 m ü. NN. Ebenfalls auf dem Gemarkungsgebiet liegt unterhalb des Senders Pfaffenberg bei 391,477 m der höchste Punkt des Aschaffenburger Stadtgebietes.
Geschichte
Jungsteinzeitliche Funde lassen eine frühe Besiedelung vermuten. Erstmals erwähnt wurde Gailbach am 28. März 1262 in einem Nekrolog des Stiftes St. Peter und Alexander. Eine urkundliche Aufzeichnung ist für 1284 nachgewiesen. Der Name veränderte sich von Galinbach, Gauelbach, Geuelbach und Gauwelnbach, 1325 zu Geuwelinbach, 1784 zu Gaulbach und 1812 zu Gailbach. Die Bezeichnung Geilbach taucht erstmals auf einer Karte im Jahre 1575 auf, gefolgt von Gaylenbach im Jurisdictionalbuch des Vicedomamtes Aschaffenburg von 1624.
Zu Ende des Kurfürstentums Mainz gehörte Gailbach zur Amtsvogtei Schwein | 371 |
Things to Do this Week in Sonoma County, Nov. 11-20
Coming up this weekend: Sonoma Bar Battle in Sonoma, Dancing with the Stars in Heald<|fim_middle|>, Napa. $65-$85. 259-0123, uptowntheatrenapa.com.
Dee Dee Bridgewater: Grammy- and Tony Award-winning jazz vocalist, 6:30 and 9 p.m. Nov. 19 and 20, Blue Note Napa. $35-$55. 603-1258, bluenotenapa.com.
Sonoma State University Symphonic Chorus & Chamber Singers: 'Family Concert by Candlelight,' 7:30 p.m. Nov. 20, Weill Hall, Green Music Center, Rohnert Park. $8. 664-4246, sonoma.edu/music/concert_calendar.
Sonoma Musica Viva: 'The Music of G.I. Gurdjieff' with pianist Charles Ketcham, 2 p.m. Nov. 20, Schroeder Hall, Green Music Center, Rohnert Park. $8. 664-4246, sonoma.edu/music/concert_calendar.
'Dear Jazzy': Songs and stories with Sean Hayes and others, benefitting paralyzed Petaluma 8-year-old Jazzlin Mejia, 7 p.m. Nov. 20, Mystic Theatre, Petaluma. $48. 765-2121, mystictheatre.com.
Tags: dine, entertainment, events, food and wine, local, Music, north bay, north coast, outdoors, petaluma, sonoma county, sonoma county food, sonoma county restaurants, things to do, things to do in sonoma county
4 Sonoma Hotels & Vacation Rentals With Stunning Water Views
Readers' Choice: Best Places to Get Mac 'n' Cheese in Sonoma County
Dreaming of a room with a water view? Here's something for you... | sburg, Banjo Extravaganza in Sebastopol - and much more!
November 2016 November 2016
https://www.sonomamag.com/things-week-sonoma-county-nov-11-20/
Mark your calendars, we have some fun things planned for you this week. This Saturday is the "Iron Chef"-like competition, Sonoma Bar Battle. Also on Saturday is the popular Dancing with the Stars at the Raven event in Healdsburg. This and more is in our list of things to do.
SATURDAY, Nov. 12
Diwali Festival: Celebrate India's "Festival of Lights" in Santa Rosa with a feast and concert by Bollywood singing star Kavita Krishnamurti. The event takes place at Jackson Theater at the Sonoma Country Day School. Admission is $31-$81. Doors open at 5 p.m. and the concert starts at 8 p.m. Find out all details at northbayindia.org.
Dancing with the Stars: Sonoma County "stars" and professional dancers have paired up for a night of entertaining dance at the Raven Theater in Healdsburg. Tickets to the 7:30 p.m. show are $35-$45. Find out more information at www.raventheater.org.
Sonoma Bar Battle: Listen to live music, taste a variety of cocktails, and watch as bartenders compete in heats, creating unique drinks incorporating "secret ingredients." The 21-plus event takes place at the Sonoma Veterans Memorial Building, starting at 6 p.m. Tickets are $35-$40. Find out more at sonomabarbattle.com.
"Journeys" Documentary Series: This Saturday at the Community Baptist Church in Santa Rosa, musician Jim Kroft presents his traveling documentary series, "Journeys." The event will focus on change through culture, a worldwide community, and a belief in human rights through films that explore his journey through Greece and the Balkans, and through his live music. Free tickets are available with advance reservation at tinyurl.com/jknov12. Find out more information at the Facebook events page.
SUNDAY, Nov. 13
Banjo Extravaganza: Enjoy a night of bluegrass with a lively lineup of banjo players at this year's California Banjo Extravaganza. This Saturday's concert takes place at the Sebastopol Community Cultural Center. Doors open at 7 p.m., concert starts at 8 p.m. Tickets are $22-$25. Find out more at seb.org.
Grammy-nominated folk, rock and soul singer-songwriter Amos Lee plays Luther Burbank Center on Monday, November 14.
Friday, Nov. 11
Face to Face Film Series: 'Moonlight,' a young man's struggle to find himself, 7 tonight, Rialto Cinemas, Sebastopol. $8.25-$10.75. 829-3456, rialtocinemas.com.
'Laughing Matters': Comedy show featuring North Bay stand-up comedians, 8 tonight, Raven Performing Arts Theater, Healdsburg. $25-$55, benefits Movember Foundation. 433-6335, raventheater.org.
Anita Bear Sandwina: Original compositions with the soulful singer and guitarist, 8 p.m. Saturday, Occidental Center for the Arts. $15. 874-9392, occidentalcenterforthearts.org.
The Blues Session: Blues-influenced American music with local artists, 7:30 p.m. Saturday, Cloverdale Arts Alliance. $5. 894-4410, cloverdaleartsalliance.org.
Neko Case: Versatile indie-rock singer-songwriter, 8 p.m. Saturday, Luther Burbank Center, Santa Rosa. $30-$40. 546-3600, lutherburbankcenter.org.
Winger: Hard rock band from New York City, 7:30 p.m. Saturday, House of Rock, Santa Rosa. $40-$50. rockstaruniversity.com.
Coco Montoya: Blues and rock 'n' roll guitarist and vocalist, 9 p.m. Saturday, Redwood Café, Cotati. $20-$25. 795-7868, redwoodcafe.com.
Michael Feinstein: Great American Songbook selections with the vocalist, 7:30 p.m. Saturday, Weill Hall, Green Music Center, Rohnert Park. $35-$85. (866) 955-6040, gmc.sonoma.edu.
Calidore String Quartet: Santa Rosa Junior College chamber concert series, 4 p.m. Sunday, Newman Auditorium, SRJC Santa Rosa campus. $17.75-$28.75. (415) 392-4400, communityed.santarosa.edu/chamber-concerts#2.
Celtic Thunder: Traditional Irish and folk music to contemporary, rock and classical crossover, 8 p.m. Sunday, Luther Burbank Center, Santa Rosa. $59-$69. 546-3600, lutherburbankcenter.org.
William Fitzsimmons: Acoustic/indie/folk singer-songwriter, known for 'Passion Play' and 'Please Don't Go,' 8:30 p.m. Sunday, Mystic Theatre, Petaluma. $17. 765-2121, mystictheatre.com.
Pouya: Rap artist from Miami, known for 'Straight Up,' 8 p.m. Sunday, Phoenix Theater, Petaluma. $20. 762-3565, thephoenixtheater.com.
'Shadow of a Doubt': Vintage Film Series presentation of the classic 1943 Alfred Hitchcock thriller, 7 p.m. Monday, Sebastiani Theatre, Sonoma. $7-$9.50. 996-2020, sebastianitheatre.com.
Amos Lee: Grammy-nominated folk, rock and soul singer-songwriter, 8 p.m. Monday, Luther Burbank Center, Santa Rosa. $55-$65. 546-3600, lutherburbankcenter.org.
Stunt Dog Experience: Dancing dogs, tricks and big-air stunts with Chris Perondi's four-legged cast, 6:30 p.m. Tuesday, Luther Burbank Center, Santa Rosa. $16-$21. 546-3600, lutherburbankcenter.org.
Error 147: Nueva, Windsor High School's performing arts program, presents their theatrical dance show called "Error 147." The show starts at 7 p.m. at Windsor High, with the box office opening at 6 p.m., Nov. 16-18. Tickets are $5-$8. To see photos from past performances and gather more information, visit www.nuevaarts.org.
Orquesta Victoria: Fourteen-piece tango orchestra from Buenos Aires, with dancers and singer Mariana Quinteros, 7:30 p.m. Wednesday, Lincoln Theater, Yountville. $25-$35. 944-9900, lincolntheater.com.
Thursday, Nov. 17
The Beach Boys: '50 Years of Good Vibrations' with the all-American surf band, 7:30 p.m. Thursday, Luther Burbank Center, Santa Rosa. $65-$85. 546-3600, lutherburbankcenter.org.
Sonoma Bach: 'A Grateful Heart: Songs of Praise and Thanksgiving,' 8 p.m. Nov. 18 and 19, Schroeder Hall, Green Music Center, Rohnert Park. $15-$25. (877) 914-2224, sonomabach.org.
'Music Man': Cinnabar Young Rep production of the family-friendly musical comedy, opens 7:30 p.m. Nov. 18, Cinnabar Theater, Petaluma. Through Dec. 4. $10-$15. 763-8920, cinnabartheater.org.
Lita Ford: Rock guitarist and special guest Enuff Z'Nuff, 7:30 p.m. Nov. 18, House of Rock, Santa Rosa. $55-$75. 791-3482, rockstaruniversity.com.
Winterblast: Street performances, open arts studios, 5-9:30 p.m. Nov. 19, parades at 6 and 8 p.m., SOFA Art District (South of A Street), Santa Rosa. Free. sofasantarosa.com.
Sonoma County Roller Derby: Final home game of the season, 4 p.m. Nov. 19, Sonoma County Fairgrounds, Santa Rosa. $5-$25. sonomacountyrollerderby.org.
'Thanksgiving Feast with Snoopy': 'A Charlie Brown Thanksgiving' feast and screening, plus crafts, 1-4 p.m. Nov. 19, Schulz Museum, Santa Rosa. Two canned food donations per child admission, $8-$12 adults. 579-4452, schulzmuseum.org.
Boz Scaggs: Soulful rhythm and blues and rock musician of 'Silk Degrees' fame, 8 p.m. Nov. 19, Uptown Theatre | 2,087 |
This guidance is offered by the Maine Department of Education to clarify suspension, expulsion, and modified schedules as they apply to 4-year-olds attending public preschool<|fim_middle|>Districts cannot unilaterally determine that a child attend on a modified schedule-e.g. reduced school day, reduced school week. Parents must be involved in and agree to this decision and understand thoroughly the reasons for the request.
In accordance with Federal and State law, a child may not be excluded from enrollment in a public preschool program based solely on the presence of a disability. Enrolled children who are referred to Child Development Services (CDS) based on program concerns regarding the child's development or behavior must be considered a child with a disability and afforded the same rights as his/her K-12 counterparts until the child's Individualized Education Program (IEP) team makes its determinations.
Please contact Sue Reed, Early Childhood Specialist at 624-6632 or susan.d.reed@maine.gov or Jan Breton, State Director of Special Services, Birth – 20, Janice.breton@maine.gov 624-6676 with questions or comments about the guidance. | programs.
Suspension for up to 10 days of 4-year-olds attending public preschool programs is permitted only in accordance with 20-A M.R.S. § 1001(9).
As with their K-12 counterparts, 4-year-olds attending public preschool may not be unenrolled nor asked not to return without being afforded the due process standard for expulsion in accordance with 20-A M.R.S. §1001(8-A).
| 99 |
The blast furnace process has<|fim_middle|>. From the hearth bottom up through the bosh and stack, the refractory design will vary due to the service conditions and destructive forces in each zone of the furnace. HWI will work closely with you to ensure that all needs are addressed and that the proper materials (UFALA®, KALA®, or KX-99®-BF) are selected for each zone within the furnace. Several alternatives may be offered depending on the furnace's cooling design and campaign goals. | been the primary method for producing iron for many decades. The blast furnace is a refractory-lined circular shaft 100 to 200 feet high, with an internal diameter between 20 and 45 feet. The refractory wall lining typically measures two feet or more in thickness and contains more than 2,500 tons of refractories. Blast furnaces produce iron by exposing iron ore, iron pellets, and sinter to high temperatures and carbon monoxide, a reducing agent. Coke is the primary fuel, although it is often augmented by injected auxiliary fuels.
Preheated air from the hot-blast stoves is also injected into the furnace through the tuyeres. The tuyeres encircle the furnace at the upper hearth elevation, where incomplete combustion of the coke occurs. The combustion liberates considerable heat and forms a very hot carbon monoxide–reducing gas that sweeps upward through the burden material. Iron oxide reduction begins when the ore comes into contact with the reducing gas and generally proceeds in stages to form metallic iron with a high carbon content. The iron collects as a molten pool in the hearth. Since the blast furnace process offers little opportunity for refractory repair during operation, the length of the blast furnace campaign is determined mainly by the life of the refractories. Today campaigns of 10 to 15 years are common, although numerous short stoppages must be planned for maintenance.
HarbisonWalker International offers a complete refractory package proven to maximize the life of the furnace | 309 |
New tool aims to improve measurement of primary care depression outcomes
Positive measures can aid physicians in evaluating treatment success, U-M study says
ANN ARBOR, Mich. — Primary care doctors have long been on the front lines of depression treatment. Depression is listed as a diagnosis for 1 in 10 office visits and primary care doctors prescribe more than half of all antidepressants.
Now doctors at the University of Michigan Health System have developed a new tool that may help family physicians better evaluate the extent to which a patient's depression has improved.
The issue, the researchers explain, is that the official definition of when a patient's symptoms are in remission doesn't always match up with what doctors see in a real-world practice, especially for patients with mild to moderate symptoms. The study will be published in the upcoming issue of General Hospital Psychiatry.
"Rather than simply going down a list and checking off a patient's lack of individual symptoms, we believe there are also positive signs that are important – a patient's feeling that they are returning to 'normal,' their sense of well-being, their satisfaction with life and their ability to cope with life's ups and downs," says lead author Donald E. Nease Jr., M.D., who was an associate professor of family medicine at the U-M Medical School and member of the U-M Depression Center at the time of the research.
Nease and his colleagues developed a series of five questions – such as, "Over the last two weeks, did you feel in control of your emotions?" – that they hope will help doctors better understand a patient's inner landscape.
The remission criteria spelled out in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) doesn't necessarily correspond to a patient's own sense of recovery, Nease explains.
For example, a patient could meet all the criteria for full remission, but still not feel that he had recovered. The U-M questionnaire, which is called Remission Evaluation and Mood Inventory Tool, or REMIT, is intended to add the patient's subjective sense of recovery into the equation.
Rather than a replacement for current tools and measurements, REMIT is intended to compliment them, say Nease, who is currently an adjunct professor at U-M.
The researchers used the REMIT tool alongside the current "gold standard" for monitoring people with depression, the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ), Nease explains.
The data showed that by adding in the REMIT questions, about one-third of patients with mild depression were not in remission, as their PHQ score would indicate. Additionally, about one-third of moderately depressed patients were doing better than their PHQ scores alone would denote.
"Using just the PHQ score across our study population, we saw about 60 percent accuracy in reflecting a patient's remission compared to the patient's sense of his or her own recovery," Nease says. "If you add in the REMIT questions, we get above 70<|fim_middle|> Issues
Depression - Factors
Depression - Professional services
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Postnuptial depression?
Research into the effectiveness of using two anti-depressants to treat depression | percent. This can give doctors new insights when making treatment choices, such as changing a patient's medication or dosage."
The current research looked at a single snapshot in time for nearly 1,000 patients. The next step will be to track patients' scores over time.
Unlike other tools that require a company's permission to use, the REMIT tool is available to any doctor who wants to use it, Nease says.
With this and the new NICE guidelines it does seem that the diagnosis procedures are undergoing some much needed changes, we at Uncovered Magazine are hoping to see positive outcomes of these new measures.
Depression Guide
For further information on Depression, please see the following links:
What is depression?
Depression Symptoms
Signs of depression
Dealing with depression - treatments
Types of Depression
Depression talking therapies
Depression medication
Depression professional services
Depression factors
How to help someone with depression
Depression Help
Finding a therapist
Alcohol Used to Mask Mental Health | 205 |
Return back to Top 25 Cigars of 2022
H. Upmann No. 2
Made By: Habanos S.A.
Factory Location: Cuba
Dimensions: 6 1/8" by 52 ring gauge
Filler: Cuba
Binder: Cuba
Wrapper: Cuba
Strength: Medium
Box Date: May 2022
It might be one of the best-kept secrets in the Cuban cigar world, as the typical Cuban cigar smoker tends to overlook the H. Upmann No. 2 for its more popular counterpart, the Montecristo No. 2. Because the two cigars are rolled in the same pirámide format, comparisons are going to be inevitable. Both share the exact same dimensions, but they don't have nearly the same star power<|fim_middle|> brand alive. When Fidel Castro nationalized the cigar industry in 1960, H. Upmann became property of the state and has been owned by the government ever since.
Made in Havana, the H. Upmann No. 2 is sometimes misunderstood and dismissed as being too mild. It may not have been blended for strength, but smoking this cigar is a fully engaging experience with a room-filling aroma and mouth-filling texture that allows one to luxuriate in its layers of nutmeg, cinnamon and salted peanut flavor, all of which intensify, while, at the same time, showing a delicate floral quality that adds superb balance in a way that no other cigar this year could. | . Some smokers tend to come around to Upmann after going through the more common Cuban standards, so it wouldn't be an exaggeration to call the H. Upmann No. 2 an insider's cigar. Nor would it be the first time that this cigar has made it to our Top 25 list, as we've often recognized it as a smoke of complexity, nuance and character. This year, we found the H. Upmann No. 2 to be the most exceptional cigar of 2022.
Like many Cuban cigar brands that are still on the market today, H. Upmann has a long history that spans more than 178 years and has managed to thrive despite changes in ownership, bankruptcy and a political revolution that resulted in H. Upmann becoming property of the state. To say it's a survivor would be putting it mildly. The brand is an understated icon.
H. Upmann was started in 1844 by German banker and financier Hermann Upmann, who had owned and operated a branch in Havana and manufactured cigars as well. His bank eventually went insolvent and H. Upmann was acquired by British distribution company J. Frankau & Co. In 1937, the brand ended up with Menendez y Garcia, the same company that produced Montecristos. The enormous success of Montecristo is what allowed Menendez y Garcia to keep the H. Upmann | 296 |
This $8 Trillion Industry Is About to Get Disrupted
B2B distributors have historically lagged in innovating, leaving the door wide open to the likes of Amazon and Alibaba, along with a wave of startups.
By Alex Moazed, Founder and CEO, Applico@AlexMoazed
Having grown exponentially over the last century, the massive market for business goods is finally experiencing disruption.
Leading the way is Amazon's e-commerce platform, but there is also a wave of marketplace startups making headway in transforming B2B distribution. The landscape is wide and there are many points of attack. Given the $8 market size for B2B distribution, these opportunities certainly look like the most lucrative space to build a startup.
A Growing Opportunitplaceholdery
Companies like Grainger and Reliance Steel have long fulfilled the market need for the distribution of business goods, such as industrial parts, medical supplies, metals, and tools. These distributors buy their inventory from the manufacturers and resell the merchandise to the end customers, along with some well-developed value-added services (VAS).
For years, established distributors operated their businesses, some rising to become multibillion-dollar market leaders with others continuing as mom-and-pop stores that serve their local geographies. All of this has left the majority of these verticals with high levels of fragmentation.
Also laying the groundwork for imminent disruption was the kind of products these companies sold - they're<|fim_middle|> the verticals for number of digital business-facing marketplaces.
By contrast, the US market is more sparse, with only a few companies operating in each of the major verticals.
The largest players are Amazon and Alibaba, of course, which have operated in the B2B space for less than a decade. Decades-old incumbents are conspicuously absent because they all lack marketplace strategies, either due to ignorance of the sea change coming their way or a stubborn refusal to adapt to the shifting landscape.
These attitudes are already delivering poor outcomes for a number of top distributors. For example, Grainger. Since 2016, the company has lost some 25% of its spot purchase revenue, which is the segment of its sales that is most commoditized. As a result, it missed its quarterly expectations twice so far in 2017. Its stock has plummeted more than a quarter since that first bad report.
A Swell of Innovation
The question isn't when or if B2B distribution will get disrupted. It's happening and it's happening right now.
The question is who will take the lead in the sweeping changes? Will it be the emergent startups, established market leaders, or massive tech companies moving into a vulnerable market?
European and Asian startups are outpacing American ones in the race to disrupt and define the future of B2B disruption. In the US, Amazon is increasingly the leader for introducing efficiency, convenience, and savings to business customers, which is driving more and more players to join its B2B marketplace.
If Amazon is left to dominate the market uncontested, numerous firms will experience heavy losses, forcing layoffs and shutdowns over the next five to ten years. New innovations typically borne out of a batch of startups competing for customers and market share won't occur and take hold.
How did this situation come to pass?
Perhaps there's some residual shell shock from the dotcom era, in which established distributors made investments in a number of B2B marketplaces that mostly went belly-up.
However, the circumstances are incredibly different today than they were 20 years ago. Internet speed and access has vastly improved, buying habits are increasingly shifting online, and purchasing managers demand more transparency and convenience when making purchases.
Many of these changes were driven by Amazon itself, who is now reaping what it sowed.
To anyone looking to make gains in a largely greenfield opportunity, building a marketplace for buying and selling business goods looks to be one of the ripest chances out there. | mostly commoditized. A nail from from Peter is as good as a nail from Paul and the cheapest one is typically the one that gets bought, as long as the quality holds constant.
This commoditization and fragmentation of the distribution world has left it incredibly vulnerable to disruption, particularly due to the lack of serious innovation by the market leaders. The market was primed for a scalable entity that provided transparent, competitive pricing and increased convenience.
That's where Amazon Business made its entry, as well as a heap of startups, all looking to carve out their own chunk of a massive market in need of modernizing and new efficiencies.
The international landscape for companies moving to change the way businesses buy their wares and services is jam-packed with startups innovating in a number of verticals.
In particular, India and China have a standout amount of innovators, topping the list across most of | 176 |
VANCOUVER, British Columbia, Dec. 11, 2018 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- AZINCOURT ENERGY CORP. ("Azincourt" or the "Company") (TSX.V: AAZ, OTC: AZURF), is pleased to provide an update regarding its winter work program at the East Preston uranium project located in the southwestern Athabasca Basin, Saskatchewan, Canada.
The Company has engaged Geotech Ltd to conduct a helicopter-borne Versatile Time-Domain Electromagnetic (VTEM™ Max<|fim_middle|> an approximate 10+ hole, 2000-2500-meter diamond drill program of inclined drill holes to test the structurally-controlled basement uranium deposit model. Drill targets have been prioritized based on stacking of airborne and ground electromagnetic and ground gravity geophysical data interpretation.
Only one of the corridors has been drill tested to date, successfully intersecting structurally disrupted graphitic metasedimentary rocks and anomalous pathfinder elements (including uranium) at the Swoosh S6 target using a combination of Horizontal Loop EM (HLEM) and gravity as primary targeting tools.
The work included 51.5 km of grid preparation (line cutting/picketing), 46.1 km of horizontal loop electromagnetic (HLEM), and 40.6 km of ground gravity along the previously known airborne helicopter VTEM conductive trends.
Ground-truthing work confirmed the airborne conductive trends and more accurately located the conductor axes for future drill testing. The gravity survey identified areas along the conductors with a gravity low signature, which is often associated with alteration, fault/structural disruption and potentially, uranium mineralization. The combination/stacking of positive features will assist prioritizing targets for testing first.
The technical information in this news release has been prepared in accordance with the Canadian regulatory requirements set out in National Instrument 43- 101 and reviewed on behalf of the company by Ted O'Connor, P.Geo. a director of Azincourt Energy Corp., as well as a qualified person.
Azincourt Energy is a Canadian-based resource company specializing in the strategic acquisition, exploration and development of alternative energy/fuel projects, including uranium, lithium, and other critical clean energy elements. The Company is currently active at its joint venture lithium exploration projects in the Winnipeg River Pegmatite Field, Manitoba, Canada, its East Preston and Patterson Lake North uranium projects in the Athabasca Basin, Saskatchewan, Canada, and its 100% owned Escalera Group uranium-lithium project located on the Picotani Plateau in southeastern Peru.
This press release includes "forward-looking statements", including forecasts, estimates, expectations and objectives for future operations that are subject to a number of assumptions, risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond the control of Azincourt. Investors are cautioned that any such statements are not guarantees of future performance and that actual results or developments may differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements. Such forward-looking information represents management's best judgment based on information currently available. No forward-looking statement can be guaranteed and actual future results may vary materially. | ) and Magnetic survey over the southeastern portion of the East Preston Project to complete survey coverage over the entire project area.
The planned survey will consist of 498 line-km with 300m line spacing and 1,000m tie-line spacing – identical parameters to the previous VTEM™ Max survey, and ties directly into the previous flight lines (Figure 1). Flight lines are oriented NW-SE, perpendicular to the NE-SW trending structural and conductor trends of the basement rocks at East Preston.
Geotech Ltd., the sole provider of the VTEM™ Max platform, has a system currently active in Saskatchewan and plans to commence the East Preston survey in mid-December. Weather permitting, the survey is expected to require 5-7 days, and will be completed by year end.
"The VTEM™ Max system has been used in the Athabasca for many years and is an ideal technique for identifying basement conductor systems – the first-tier targeting criteria for unconformity uranium deposit discovery," said Ted O'Connor, Director and Qualified Person on the East Preston project. "VTEM has proven effective to depths of well over 400m in the Athabasca. The East Preston project lies outside the Basin with shallow targets anticipated, making VTEM™ Max an ideal direct targeting tool for the project, which may preclude the need for future ground-based EM techniques in this environment," continued Mr. O'Connor.
"This VTEM™ Max survey coverage will bring the entire East Preston project up to the same level of investigation," said Alex Klenman, president & CEO. "It will allow us to generate additional quality geophysical drill targets and provide us with the ability to assess and evaluate the prospectivity of the entire project area. The value of the survey in terms of building our database on the project is critical. Last winter's geophysical survey generated numerous high-priority drill targets that will be tested as part of the upcoming planned work program," continued Mr. Klenman.
The Company has applied for and is awaiting approval for drill permits at East Preston and once granted is planning to begin phase one of | 431 |
How to Watch Discovery Channel Without Cable
In this article, I will show you How to Watch Discovery Channel Without Cable. You can also use this guide to watch live Discovery Channel on Fire TV, Roku, Apple TV, Chromecast & other streaming platforms
Discovery is one of the most popular and largest Television channels serving approximately 300 million households in over 180 countries. It has become the second most widely distributed cable TV network in the United States. Of course, it's a Television channel, however, you don't need to have a Cable TV or Satellite TV subscription to watch the channel on your TV. There are actually a few unconventional methods to watch Discovery Channel without cable.
In this tutorial, I will be showcasing all the alternative methods through which you can watch the Discovery TV channel along with other educational and informative channels. Moreover, you won't be spending chunks of cash or burn a whole in your pocket to watch the channel. Of course, you will have to pay in order to watch Discovery and other channels, but not as much as you'd spend on a cable TV connection. So, let's go ahead and straight-up jump into the core topic of this article without wasting any further time.
1 How To Watch Discovery Channel Without Cable
1.1 Discovery Channels on Hulu Live TV
1.2 Stream Discovery Channel Live with Sling TV
1.3 Discovery on Philo TV
1.4 Watch Discovery Without Cable on Fubo TV
1.5 Discovery is Streaming on AT&T TV Now
2 Can You Watch Discovery Channel Live Stream For Free?
2.1 Can I Watch Discovery Channel On Firestick, Roku, Chromecast or Apple TV?
3 Verdict
There are tons of streaming services available that you can subscribe to in order to access a wide range of TV channels network. Also, the process of getting started with streaming services is simple and doesn't require any kind of installation. In addition to this, I personally find streaming service providers to be more affordable and convenient compared to the conventional cable TV or Satellite TV connection.
The methods or services mentioned in the following list would charge only a quarter or maybe half of your standard cable TV service provider. Also, you will be able to watch on-demand content as well along with Live TV channels. If you are cord-cutter then you should definitely check our below guide about How to watch Discover Channel Without Cable.
Discovery Channels on Hulu Live TV
Hulu is mainly known for its vast array of on-demand content such as Movies, TV shows, and even Hulu originals. A couple of years ago, the company also started providing Live TV streaming service to its subscribers. At the moment, Hulu Live TV subscription will give you access to over 60 TV channel networks to stream over the internet. The subscription package for Live TV costs only 54.99$ a month, which includes unlimited access to various Live TV channels and Hulu streaming libraries.
You will also get to experience and try out the service for free up to 7 days when you sign up for the first time on the platform. Also, there are no long term commitments for Hulu Live TV subscription, you can change or cancel your subscription anytime you want without any issues. If you would like to know more about Hulu and what it's offering, then check out our review of Hulu Live TV.
Stream Discovery Channel Live with Sling TV
Sling TV is another cord-cutting solution for those who want to keep watching Live TV channels such as Discovery Channel, Sports Channels, etc.
The pricing of Sling TV subscription packages aren't hefty and offers a diverse range of TV channels to watch. Ideally, Sling TV offers two different packages called as Orange and Blue, each of them costs $30 only a month.
Although, both the packages are the same for the most part, however, there are slight channel differences when it comes to Live TV. If you would like to Stream Discovery Channel, then the Sling TV Blue package is the right option. On the other hand, Sling TV orange features a lot of Sport-related Channels.
Or you could subscribe to both packages for $45 a month if you wish to stream the content of Orange and Blue. However, keep in mind that the Sling TV Orange package lets you watch content only on one device at a time. While the Blue package lets you watch the content on three different devices simultaneously.
If you're only interested in Streaming Discovery Channel Live, then S<|fim_middle|> sign up and try out the service for 7 days without any charges.
Well, it doesn't make any sense in shelling out a huge chunk of money on a cable TV connection when you're not going to watch all of them. At the end of the day, one would prefer a more affordable option. Therefore, I find Streaming services to be viable and worth checking out, as they cost only a little compared to the Cable TV connection.
Can I Watch Discovery Channel On Firestick, Roku, Chromecast or Apple TV?
Most of the above-mentioned services have dedicated support for various platforms and devices such as Android, iOS, Roku, Amazon Fire TV, etc. You simply need to purchase the subscription of the service in order to watch the Discovery Channel on your device, only if the service supports it.
As long as your device falls under the service's supported list, you're all set. Also, it's best to check and confirm if your device is supported for Live TV channel streaming before purchasing the subscription.
The list of supported devices on which you can access the above-mentioned streaming services are as follows:-
Philo TV is fully compatible with Roku, Amazon Fire TV, Android Mobiles/Tablets, iPhones and iPads, Apple TV, etc. However, as of now, the service is limited to the aforementioned devices. You cannot use it on Google Chromecast, Gaming consoles like Nintendo Switch, Xbox, Playstation, etc.
Hulu Live TV is accessible on pretty much every platform and device including Google Chromecast and gaming consoles like Xbox, Nintendo Switch. It has support for most of the devices and consoles, however, it does not support Play Station at the moment for streaming Live TV channels.
The same goes for AT&T TV Now, the service is available on all smartphones/tablets, and other streaming devices like Amazon Fire Stick and Google Chromecast. Despite being such a popular service, it does not have dedicated support for Roku and gaming consoles as of now.
As for the Sling TV, it does support gaming consoles like Xbox one along with all the other platforms like Firestick, Chromecast, Samsung TV, etc.
Coming to the Fubo TV, the service is available across various devices such as Roku, Amazon Fire Stick, Google Chromecast, Android, iOS, Mac, etc.
It's more pleasing and fun to watch the Discovery TV Channel rather than watching unrealistic and boring serials or shows on other channels. What's even more interesting is that now you can watch the Discovery Channel without cable. Various Streaming services that are mentioned in this article will let you watch and record live TV channels for a very affordable price.
If you know of any other service that is worth mentioning in this list, then let me know in the comments. Also, in case if you have any further queries or doubts regarding the above-mentioned services, then drop it down below.
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Home| About US | Privacy Policy | Contact | ling TV blue would be sufficient. Take a look at this comprehensive post to know more about Sling TV and its features.
Discovery on Philo TV
Philo TV is probably the most affordable replacement option to watch Discovery Channel without Cable. The service costs only $20 a month which would give you unrestricted access to 58+ Live TV channels and other useful features as TV everywhere option and the ability to watch Live TV channels on up to 3 different devices at once.
Philo TV service is compatible with various platforms such as Amazon Fire Stick, Roku, Apple TV devices, etc. In addition to this, there's also a free 7 day no obligation period offer if you would like to try out the service first before paying or subscribing,
Most of the leading cord-cutting service providers offer basic or starter packages at $30 or $40 a month which is considered to be standard pricing. But, if you would like something cheaper, then Philo TV is the option. It offers Live TV Channel streaming for just 20$ a month and also unlimited Digital Video Recording for up to 30 days.
Watch Discovery Without Cable on Fubo TV
Fubo TV is an American over the top streaming service provider, meaning, the content will be delivered over the internet rather than cable lines. The basic package of Fubo TV starts from $54.99 a month which includes simultaneous streaming on two different devices and 30 GB of cloud-based storage space.
Users will have the option to test the service and platform for free up to 7 days on their first sign up. Once the trial period is over, users will be charged at the end of the next month.
The base package of Fubo TV comes with all the popular TV channels including Discovery. However, if that's not enough, then you will have the option to add extras to your package which would add up additional bucks to your final billing. This way, you will get more focused content to watch on your devices. Fubo TV base package currently includes 90+ Live TV channels without any extra add-ons. Learn more about Fubo TV's packages and what you will be getting in it.
Discovery is Streaming on AT&T TV Now
AT&T has come up with a new streaming service called AT&T TV Now, which is somewhat of a different service than AT&T TV. Although, both the services will let you stream live TV channels and on-demand content over the internet on your devices, the only difference is that AT & T TV isn't a cord-cutting option and requires an annual contract to get started. Therefore, the more suitable option would AT&T TV Now which doesn't require any contract or equipment to stream Live TV channels on various supported devices such as Smartphones, TV boxes, etc.
It also offers Cloud Digital Video Recording (DVR) facility if you would like to record Live TV channels and watch it later. This feature requires an additional 10$ addon which would let you record content for up to 500 hours and the recordings will be stored for 90 days.
AT&T services definitely fall on a higher price bracket, however, it Live TV channel library on the platform is quite huge compared to other services. Check out this post to explore more about the service and how you can make the most out of it.
Can You Watch Discovery Channel Live Stream For Free?
Technically yes, you can watch the Discovery TV Channel for free using the above-mentioned streaming services, however, only up to a certain period of time. Most of the streaming services featured in the above list offer a trial period where the user can | 740 |
After we get home from the Cape, I like to take a few minutes and look at all the photos and videos from the few days we spend down there for Thanksgiving. It's usually a whirlwind - lots of packing, traveling, unpacking, handling life with three toddlers, all the while trying to catch up with family and have a few minutes to ourselves. Nonetheless, we have a good time. Here are a few highlights - and check out my instagram video "shazbythesea"....I love making those compilation videos!
And in case you are interested, here is a recap from our 2016 Thanksgiving.
For those who don't know, Jim's side of the family usually goes down to the Cape for Thanksgiving. They've been doing it for about 20 years. I personally love it. I started going in 2008 when Jim and I got engaged - and I think it's an awesome tradition fun for Conor, Caden, and Cal to experience. We typically arrive in our house and get settled. I try and make most of the sides/appetizers at home and then bring them down. After about 10 minutes the boys ask to go to Nana's house to play. We trek through the backyard (haha its like 50 yards) and the kids<|fim_middle|> a visit on his boat. He rides the ferry to Nantucket. We went to visit him around 8am and Conor and Caden toured the boat. They thought it was SO cool. Cal hung out with Mommy and Daddy while we waited for Caden and Conor to be done with their tour.
Even if just for a few minutes, we always try and make a stop at the beach. The boys associate Cape Cod with the beach - so whenever we have a few minutes, we pop over. They freak out and start screeching as we pull into the parking lot. Most of the time they ask us to get out - but not always. Today they did and we had so much fun.
As I mentioned, my parents joined us this year for Thanksgiving. They stayed at a hotel in downtown Hyannis. They made sure to stay somewhere that had a pool. The boys haven't swam in a pool since their swim lessons last year - or "Kiki's pool" a few times over the summer. They kept calling it Papa's pool because it was at my Dad's hotel. When they saw it, they couldn't contain themselves.
Jim and I made a stop downtown with the boys to do a little shopping. We grabbed some coffee and walked around. We also bought them a new pair of Crocs! Totallyyyy needed. We may give them to them for Christmas, or we may just bust them out tomorrow. Their current pairs are completely falling apart. I don't know why - but this was the FIRST time they went out to try on a new pair of shoes. I usually just amazon prime them! They had fun trying them on and looking in the mirror. Thankfully it was pretty quiet down the Cape, so we were able to take over the store.
We had a little photo shoot on the beach today just prior to leaving. It was an absolutely gorgeous day!!
I hope everyone had a wonderful Thanksgiving!! Now it's time to take out the Christmas decorations...yay! | are SO excited. They can't get there fast enough. Here we are walking over!
The boys were able to spend some time with Uncle Joe and Auntie T!
On Friday morning, we paid Gramps | 42 |
When Portugal was faced with a tough economic environment, the country had one key advantage: entrepreneur Carlos Oliveira was secretary of state for entrepreneurship, competitiveness and innovation. Oliveira co-founded MobiComp, a Portuguese software company Microsoft acquired in 2008. Thanks to this background in digital technology, the government understood the importance of supporting engineering education and digital infrastructure. A number of local incubators, such as Startup Lisboa, also stepped on the scene. The non-profit association helped connect start-up companies and entrepreneurs with the financial partners they needed to grow and develop their ideas. Thanks to these initial investments, Lisbon is now being called "one of Europe's tech cities to watch," with a strong infrastructure that's producing its own innovative technology solutions.
The next step toward Lisbon becoming even smarter is an infrastructure project expected to roll out by the end of the year. With the help of Japanese information technology company NEC, a cloud city operation centre (CCOC) will manage the operations for the<|fim_middle|> travellers. Not only is the country leading the tech wave, it's also proving that it's possible to live on renewable energy alone. By looking at solutions to meet the EU's renewable targets for 2020, Portugal has already spurred its clean energy plans into action. In 2015, wind provided 22 percent of electricity, while renewable sources provided 48 percent. One year later, the country reached an even greater milestone, powering electricity for four days straight entirely with renewable energy sources. | entire city, integrating 10 internal governmental systems and 30 external systems, which are managed by partners of the municipality. "To accelerate the digital transformation of the city as a whole, we will use NEC's CCOC for cross-integration of environmental data, data from various external entities, data from numerous municipal departmental applications, and data collected using IoT devices," explains Lisbon city councilman Jorge Máximo.
By managing all of these systems in one place, the city will be able to analyse data in real-time and provide swift solutions that will allow for a better quality of life for citizens, as well as a positive experience for the influx of | 131 |
Commonwealth Big Lunch at KISS
Over 30000 Tribal Students, Delegates From 53 Countries Took Part In The Mega Lunch
Over 30,000 tribal students and staff members of Kalinga Institute of Social Sciences (KISS) along with High Commissioners and Representatives from the High Commissions of 53 Commonwealth countries as well as delegates from British Council witnessed 'Commonwealth Big Lunch' held at KISS premises today.
Addressing the occasion, British High Commissioner to India, Sir Dominic Asquith said, "The Commonwealth Big Lunch here at KISS is the largest lunch that I have ever experienced. The Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting in London next month will focus on Youths and their prosperity."
In his address, Alan Gemmell, OBE Director, British Council, India said, "we are inspired by the vision and determination of KISS Founder Dr. Achyuta Samanta and the whole KISS team to share the transformative power of education with tribal children."
" The Big Launch comes in an important year for<|fim_middle|> day of the last 70 years by India and continue to be inspired by its creativity, talent, its artists, young people and teachers," he added.
Expressing his pleasure over the achievement of KISS, Rajya Sabha MP and Founder of KIIT & KISS Dr. Achyuta Samanta said, "this rare achievement of KISS has brought pride and honor not only for KISS but also for the entire country".
Lastly, the President of KIT and KISS Mrs. Saswati Bal placed her address before the gathering. The President and Founder of KIIT & KISS felicitated the Guests. All the 53 dignitaries did let pigeons loose to evoke the freedom moments of the Commonwealth Group of Nations. Sri R. N. Dash, Secretary KIIT and KISS along with all the senior functionaries of KIIT and KISS Deemed Universities were present and witnessed the unique moment.
In fact, the Commonwealth Big Lunch is an international initiative launched by the UK Prime Minister Theresa May. The initiative comes as the UK is set to host the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting, bringing together up to 52 leaders from across the Commonwealth to London and Windsor from 16th to 20th April 2018. The main motto of this programme is to encourage people to assemble to celebrate their Commonwealth connections through food.
Commonwealth Big Lunch
Watch the Live programme here :
KISS, UNDP Ink Statement of Intent for Tribal Development
QCI-DL Shah Quality Award to KIIT
KISS News
KISS Foundation extends helping hand: Malkangiri Boys to study in KISS
KIIT& KISS propose to employ two Sports Women who are working as daily labourers | the British Council, i.e. 2018 which marks our 70th anniversary in India. We have been inspired every | 28 |
SCADA system to help conserve power: Nasrul
Special Correspondent
State Minister for Power, Energy and Mineral Resources Nasrul Hamid inaugurates the SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) system by the Dhaka Electric Supply Company (DESCO) at Mirpur in the capital on Sunday.
Introduction of the Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) system by the Dhaka Electric Supply Company (DESCO) will help to conserve electricity<|fim_middle|> added.
Nasrul Hamid also laid emphasis on upgrading the undergrounding of electric cables and substations.
According to the DESCO, the DESCO installed the SCADA system to monitor and efficiently manage the power network of 69 stations from the central control room.
Feeder load quality will be managed by the load system efficiently and automatically by collecting load data based on time. As a result 12 lakh customers of DESCO will get better services, it said.
With DESCO Board of Directors chairman and additional secretary Md Nizam Uddin in the chair, the programme was also addressed, among others, by Power Division secretary Md Habibur Rahman, Bangladesh Power Development Board chairman Md Mahbubur Rahman and DESCO's managing director Kawsar Amir Ali. | , said State Minister for Power and Energy Nasrul Hamid.
"The data centre will be an important asset in the coming days for DESCO. It will also help the company ensure better and quality services," he said while inaugurating the system as the chief guest.
The minister emphasised the consumer survey to improve quality of services.
"Only customers can tell how the DESCO is doing well or how much service it provides. It can be surveyed to check the service quality of the DESCO," he said.
"Initiatives should be continued to increase awareness by prioritising the economical use of electricity and saving electricity," the state minister | 128 |
Computer & Data Sciences
Electrical, Computer and Systems Engineering
Macromolecular Science & Engineering Materials Branch
Materials Science & Engineering Materials Branch
Case School of Engineering
Spartan Showcase: Franco Kraiselburd
Supersonic science: Case Western Reserve University to conduct 9,000 mph ballistics tests into water tank
Three engineering classes utilize mixed-reality to bring course concepts to life
AMMRC Celebrates 35 years of Mechanical Characterization at CWRU
Published on Jan. 31, 2022
Thirty-five years ago, then Materials Science and Engineering Assistant Professor John Lewandowski took the first steps<|fim_middle|> early research team included: Hiroaki Kanai (M.S.), Young-Sub Kim (Ph.D.), Daw-Shuh Liu (Ph.D.), Chanqi Liu (Ph.D.), Jan Kajuch (Ph.D.), Joe Rigney (M.S./Ph.D.), Lisa Yost Ellis (M.S./Ph.D.), Dr. Mohan Manoharan, and Dr. Alexander Kharchenko. Expert staff help was provided by Richard Howe and Chris Tuma.
We invite you to join us in the AMMRC's 35th anniversary celebration as we celebrate decades of research, development, and Center milestones. Visit the AMMRC web site and keep watch on social medial for insights on the AMMRC through the decades as we share stories about the evolving laboratory and honor the efforts of the diverse academics, staff, and students that have propelled the AMMRC forward.
~ MORE ~
Early in-situ research of fracture behavior in advanced composites on an Instron 1361 electromechanical testing machine capable of test rates as slow as the rate of fingernail growth. Pictured are then Assistant Professor John J. Lewandowski (standing, left), graduate student Joe Rigney (seated), and undergraduate student Ken McClellan (standing, right). Reprinted with permission from Case Alumni Association, Case Alumnus Magazine.
Social media: Join us on social media for fun and engaging content that will help you discover the AMMRC's history and where it's heading in the future. #AMMRC35.
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Meet Our Faculty & Staff
John Lewandowski
Arthur P. Armington Professor of Engineering II
Professor, Materials Science and Engineering
Director, Nitinol Commercialization Accelerator
Director, Advanced Manufacturing and Mechanical Reliability Center (AMMRC)
Researches material reliability for biomedical and structural applications, advanced materials manufacturing and processing/microstructure/property relationships. Hybrid Autonomous Manufacturing.
Learn About the Featured Department
Case School of Engineering Nord 500 216.368.4436
©Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, 216.368.2000 | to creating what is now the Advanced Manufacturing and Mechanical Reliability Center (AMMRC). A modest beginning on the second floor in the Charles M. White Metallurgy Building on the campus of Case Western Reserve University, the center housed two (2) early generation MTS servo-hydraulic machines, two (2) vintage screw-driven Universal Test Machines, and two (2) vintage Baldwin test frames. In addition, a vintage hydraulic press provided the capability of tension testing with superimposed hydrostatic pressure. The laboratory complemented the extensive microstructure characterization and metal casting facilities in the department and provided an opportunity for research activities to evolve with local industries and government labs while expanding university collaborations.
Lewandowski came to CWRU after doctoral work at Carnegie Mellon University and postdoctoral work at the University of Cambridge, UK in one of the largest mechanical characterization groups in Europe. His vision for the laboratory was to modernize and expand CWRU capabilities in mechanical characterization as well as deformation processing and advanced manufacturing. Those first years were focused on obtaining research funding to engage and hire research students and staff while growing and modernizing the facility to provide valuable scientific insights on various materials, including steels, aluminum alloys, metal-matrix composites, intermetallics, and other lightweight materials for structural applications. His | 265 |
In October 2006 we cycled<|fim_middle|> room. | around Sikkim (India) and Bhutan. This part of the website contains a detailed tour report on Sikkim.
The North Eastern India map by Nelles Maps (scale 1: 1.500.000) includes Bhutan. The Sikkim area is shown below and as you can see is of limited use for cyclists in this region.
As we couldn't get any other maps we mostly relied on the detailed and very accurate descriptions we found on the website of Fred Ferchaux. Along the main roads exists some form of signposting. Milestones may show the next town and the distance to it. But don't count on it.
We used the well-known Lonely Planet travel guide for general travel information.
We searched the web for useful (bike) sites and found these. Links open in a new window.
The roads we followed were generally paved. The route in the Yuksom area was rather rough and difficult to negotiate without a mountain bike. Land slides are not uncommon in Sikkim.
Around and near major towns there is a steady flow of traffic, mostly Jeep style taxis. It was however never very busy. Even cycling in and out big city Siliguru was not a challenge.
Small streams may cross the road at numerous spots, specially after heavy rainfall. Watch out as the surface can be extremely slippery here.
Outside larger towns like Kalimpong and Siliguri not much is available to repair a broken bike. To get the essential part you may have to go a long way.
There will always be a few small shops and hotels selling items like cold drinks , bananas and bottled drinking water. Hotels (almost) always have a restaurant.
We visited Sikkim in October. Most of the days it was clear and sunny with temperatures hovering around 30 degrees Celsius. In higher areas e.g. Pelling and Yuksom it was much cooler. Nights were pleasantly cool. On a few days we had some rain.
Accommodation was easy to find. During holiday seasons many lowland Indians travel to the Sikkimese highlands and it can be more difficult to find a decent | 435 |
MMC Board
Maine Nonprofit Corporation Act
Richard W. Petersen, FACHE
President of MaineHealth & Chief Executive Officer of Maine Medical Center
Rich Petersen is President of MaineHealth and Chief Executive Officer of Maine Medical Center (MMC). Prior to his appointment, Rich served as President and CEO of MMC and prior to that as Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer at MMC for nine years. Before joining Maine Medical Center, Rich served as Senior Vice President for Kaleida Health Systems located in Buffalo, New York, a 1,600-bed system with a $1 billion annual budget. Rich currently serves as a board member for The Foundation for Maine's Community Colleges and The John T. Gorman Foundation. Rich is also a Corporator of MaineHealth and a fellow in the American College of Healthcare Executives.
Jeffrey D. Sanders
President of Maine Medical Center
Jeff Sanders was named President of Maine Medical Center in 2018. Prior to that, he served as Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer, responsible for day-to-day operations of the hospital. In that role, he served as a key strategic advisor to the President and CEO, other senior executives, and physician leaders. Jeff plays a critical role in the effective collaboration and integration with physicians, developing strong relationships and initiatives aimed at strengthening market presence and integrating services and practice sites. Before joining MMC, Jeff was the operating officer at Intermountain Medical Center in Murray, Utah, where he oversaw cardiovascular services, imaging services, sleep services, hyperbaric medicine, surgical services, transplant services, and medical research. Prior to his role at the flagship of Intermountain Healthcare, he was at McKay-Dee Hospital in Ogden, Utah, in charge of a number of programs including surgery, critical care, rehabilitation, laboratory services, information systems, and behavioral medicine. Jeff also played a key role in Intermountain Healthcare's partnership with GE Healthcare, leading numerous projects as part of the development of an integrated electronic medical record.
Jennifer McCarthy
Jennifer McCarthy is Maine Medical Center's Chief Operating Officer, responsible for day-to-day operations of the hospital. She serves as a key strategic advisor to the President, other senior executives, and physician leaders.
Jennifer oversees Maine Medical Center's Facilities, Human Resources, Imaging Services, Patient Care Services and Patient Care Support Services, and Service Line operations. She plays a critical role in the effective collaboration and integration with physicians, developing strong relationships and initiatives aimed at strengthening market presence and integrating services and practice sites.
She brings more than 20 years of health care experience to Maine Medical Center. Previously, Jennifer served as Chief Operating Officer of Dr. P. Phillips Hospital (Orlando Health) in Orlando, Fla., and before that as Vice President of Operations at Palm Bay Hospital (Health First) in Melbourne, Fla.
She is board-certified in healthcare management as a fellow of the American College of Health Care Executives (FACHE). She holds a master's degree in business administration from the Florida Institute of Technology in Melbourne, Fla., and a bachelor's degree in organizational development from Rollins College in Winter Park, Fla.
Lugene "Lou" Inzana, MBA, CPA
Chief Financial Officer and MaineHealth Associate Chief Financial Officer
Lugene "Lou" Inzana serves as Maine Medical Center's Chief Financial Officer and as Associate Chief Financial Officer for MaineHealth. In his roles, Lou provides leadership and financial oversight of Maine Medical Center and financial support services for the other members of MaineHealth.
Lou is a seasoned health care finance expert with nearly 30 years of progressive leadership experience at organizations throughout the Northeast. He serves as a key strategic and financial advisor to the President and Chief Executive Officer of MMC, providing the analytical framework and business judgment necessary to evaluate alternative initiatives and help drive operating and financial performance. He has responsibility for budget and reimbursement, financial reporting, supply chain, financial planning, and revenue cycle management.
Prior to joining Maine Medical Center in 2014, Lou was most recently Vice President of Finance and Support Services/Chief Financial Officer at Lawrence + Memorial Corporation/Hospital in New London, Conn. Over the course of his career, Lou has carved out a reputation as a strong leader with high integrity, top-flight communication skills, and a passion for health care.
Lou holds both a B.A. in Accounting and an MBA in Finance from St. Bonaventure (N.Y.) University. He is also a Certified Public Accountant, a Fellow of the Healthcare Financial Management Association, and a member of the American College of Healthcare Executives. In addition to his professional endeavors, Lou has been an active volunteer for many years, serving on a wide range of boards and committees for organizations that promote stronger communities.
Maureen Van Benthuysen
Chief Administrative Officer Services Lines
Maureen Van Benthuysen serves as Maine Medical Center's Chief Administrative Officer of Service Lines. Maureen oversees 12 service lines at Maine Medical Center: Adult Medicine, Cardiovascular, Neuroscience, Surgery, Oncology, Women's; Pediatric's; Emergency and Urgent Care; Critical Care, Orthopedics and Primary Care. She also leads four MaineHealth system wide Service Lines. Her role involves cultivating the patient-centered framework by enhancing care coordination, access to care, optimizing models of care delivery and patient outcomes.
Maureen has more than 30 years of experience in health care, and had served in the capacity of a Senior Vice President at New York's prestigious Mount Sinai Hospital. In this role, Maureen provided full administrative, financial, operational, and strategic oversight to multiple departments and clinics, and served on the Steering Committees supporting the implementation of the electronic medical records system, Epic.
Prior to her work at Mount Sinai, Maureen was Director of Rehabilitation Services at St. Peter's Hospital in Albany. Maureen began her health care career as a Physical Therapist at Sunnyview Hospital and Rehabilitation Center in Schenectady, New York.
Joel L. Botler, M.D.
Chief Medical Officer & President of Maine Medical Partners
Dr. Joel Botler serves as Maine Medical Center's Senior Vice President of Medical Affairs and Chief Medical Officer, overseeing all clinical, medical management, and programmatic aspects of health care delivery. In this role he also serves as the primary liaison between MMC management and the private physician practice community. Dr. Botler is also the President of Maine Medical Partners, a subsidiary of MMC.
Dr. Botler's relationship with MMC dates to 1979 when he began his Internal Medicine internship and residency after earning his medical degree at the State University of New York (SUNY) in Brooklyn. Since that time, he has served the southern Maine community as a primary care internist for 30 years; helped to found InterMed in 1995; and held numerous leadership roles at MMC focusing on areas such as Family Medicine, Geriatrics, and Adult Medicine. Most recently, Dr. Botler held the title of MMC Vice President, Adult Medicine Service Line, and co-chair of the Maine Medical Partners Finance Committee.
Dr. Botler is well regarded as a "physician's physician" throughout the community, earning praise from peers and patients alike. He is a four-time winner of the MMC Family Medicine Residency Program Inpatient Attending of the Year award and has also been recognized as the Maine Alzheimer's Champion for 2011.
Marjorie S. Wiggins, DNP, MBA, R.N., FAAN, NEA-BC
Chief Nursing Officer
Marge Wiggins is Chief Nursing Officer of Maine Medical Center and the MaineHealth System. An Adjunct Faculty in the University of Southern Maine's School of Nursing and St. Joseph's College, Marge has published numerous articles and several book chapters on care delivery models. She led MMC's development of the evidence-based Partnership Care Delivery Model, and consulted in the US and abroad on care delivery models. Over the course of 15 years, Marge has served on multiple task forces for the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) including efforts to implement the Clinical Nurse Leader role delivering presentations nationally and internationally; the Governance Task Force and the Baccalaureate Essentials Work Group. She also serves on multiple task forces for the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) representing nursing on the Clinical Learning Environment Review (CLER) Task Force, the Chief Nursing Officer (CNO) task force, and the Pursuing Excellence in Innovation (PEI) task force. Marge maintains membership in several professional organizations, including the American Organization of Nurse Executives, the Organization of Maine Nurse Executives, the Clinical Nurse Leader Association, and is a longstanding member of Sigma, formerly known as Sigma Theta Tau International Honor Society of Nursing.
Douglas B. Sawyer, MD, PhD
Doug Sawyer, M.D., is chief<|fim_middle|> for organizational priorities. He is a member of the MaineHealth Marketing & Communications Department senior team.
Previously, Clay served as director of Population Health Communications at Renton, Wash.-based Providence St. Joseph Health, one of the nation's largest nonprofit health systems. He has also managed public relations for Swedish Health Services and was part of the digital communications team at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, both in Seattle.
Clay is currently completing an Advisory Board fellowship and is a member of the Society for Healthcare Strategy and Market Development.
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About Maine Medical Center
The Barbara Bush Children's Hospital
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Students, Residents & Fellows
© 2020 Maine Medical Center. All Rights Reserved. | academic officer for Maine Medical Center. In his role, he oversees all aspects of the institution's academic and research missions, including medical training and post graduate programs, the Maine Track program partnership with Tufts University School of Medicine and also Maine Medical Center Research Institute.
Dr. Sawyer joined MMC in 2014 to serve as MMC's chief of cardiac services and physician leader of the cardiovascular services line. Prior to that, Dr. Sawyer worked at Vanderbilt University where he served in clinical and academic leadership positions. He earned his medical degree and doctorate from Cornell University and completed his postgraduate training, including his internship and residency in Internal Medicine and his Clinical Cardiology Fellowship, at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston.
Dr. Sawyer continues to serve his community as a practicing cardiologist at Maine Medical Partners.
Mark G. Parker, MD
Vice President, Quality and Safety
Dr. Mark Parker has been on medical staff as a nephrologist at Maine Medical Center since 1999 and assumed the role of Vice President of Quality and Safety in 2017. He attended the University of Connecticut School of Medicine and completed an internal medicine residency and nephrology fellowship at Tufts (formerly "New England") Medical Center. He worked briefly in private practice and subsequently at Lahey Clinic in Burlington, Mass. before moving to Maine.
At MMC, Dr. Parker has served in a variety of leadership roles, including 15 years as the nephrology fellowship program director and nine years as the nephrology division director. During that time, he developed expertise and a national reputation in nephrology medical education and healthcare workforce issues. He continues to participate in clinical care and teaching since transitioning to quality and safety leadership.
As a quality and safety leader, Dr. Parker has completed certificate work at the Institute for Healthcare Improvement in both the Improvement Advisor and Patient Safety Executive programs. He provides oversight for the hospital Operational Excellence, Patient Experience, Risk Management/Patient Safety, and Quality Analysis teams, and he also helps lead Maine Medical Partners quality improvement activities. Dr. Parker retains a strong presence in medical education, guiding quality and safety curricula and supporting student and resident involvement in related projects.
Christopher Cary, M.D.
President, Maine Medical Center Medical Staff
Dr. Christopher W. Cary is the current President of the Maine Medical Center Medical Staff. He
has served the Anesthesiology department, the hospital, and the state and national anesthesiology societies in varying capacities over his career.
He is the former anesthesiology residency Program Director at MMC, the former President of the Maine Society of Anesthesiologists, and a former member of the American Society of Anesthesiologists Board of Directors.
Dr. Cary received his bachelor of science and medical degrees at the University of Massachusetts. He also completed a year of research with the Anesthesiology department at UMass Medical School after graduation. His residency training in anesthesiology was started at Duke University with his final year of completion at Maine Medical Center.
Prior to his return to Maine in 1998, Dr Cary was the Vice Chairman of Berkshire Anesthesiologists PC, in Pittsfield Massachusetts. He and his wife, Mary Anne, are the parents of 2 grown sons and reside in Cape Elizabeth. They are the proud grandparents of Finnegan, age 3.
Andrew R. Forbes
Andrew Forbes is Vice President of Human Resources supporting Maine Medical Center, Maine Medical Partners and MaineHealth. He leads a team responsible for employee relations, employee engagement facilitation and management of all other on-site human resources activities.
Prior to joining Maine Medical Center in 2016, Andrew was Senior Human Resources Director for Fairchild Semiconductor, an international manufacturer of semiconductor components. In that role, Andrew was responsible for providing strategic, global human resources management for all product lines, manufacturing, sales and marketing, supply chain, quality & reliability and strategy teams.
Andrew received his Master's degree in Industrial / Organizational Psychology from Hofstra University and is an active member of the Society of Human Resources Professionals.
Marcy Dunn
Marcy Dunn is Chief Information Officer for Maine Medical Center and MaineHealth. She began serving in her role in October of 2016 and is responsible for leading the MaineHealth Information Services Division and its Shared Electronic Health Record (SeHR) program.
Marcy has more than 30 years of experience in information technology and systems management in healthcare settings. She began her career on the front lines of the health information world as a billing center manager in Albany, N.Y. She was Director of Information services and later Chief Information Officer at Episcopal Health Services in Uniondale, N.Y. throughout much of the 1990s. After working in consulting she joined Catholic Health Services of Melville, N.Y, in 2001, first as Director of Applications and, starting in 2004, as Senior Vice President and Chief Information Officer.
During her time as CIO of Catholic Health Services, Marcy oversaw an extensive upgrade of the organization's information systems, including implementation of the EPIC electronic medical records and the Lawson/Info enterprise resource planning platforms.
Edward A. Farrell
Vice President, Strategy and Business Development
Ed Farrell is the Vice President of Strategy and Business Development at Maine Medical Center and MaineHealth. Ed joined Maine Medical Center and MaineHealth in March 2013 and has more than 20 years of strategic planning experience. In his role, he supports MaineHealth and its local health systems with a variety of planning related activities that enhance overall quality, efficiency, and market development. Some of these key activities include the development and facilitation of strategic plans, business plans, medical staff plans, annual objectives development and also implementation plans. He also functions as a strategic planning resource providing insights into data requirements, needs and analysis.
Prior to joining Maine Medical Center and MaineHealth, Ed served as the Regional Director of Planning and Strategic Business Development for 12 years with the Henry Ford Health System in Michigan. Has has also held positions in strategic planning with the Greenville Hospital System in Greenville, S.C., the Rockford Health System in Rockford, Ill. and the University of Chicago Hospitals in Chicago.
Ed holds a Bachelor's in Health Administration from Indiana University and a Master's in Health Administration from Governor's State University. He is also a member of the Society for Healthcare Planning and Market Development and the New England Society for Healthcare Strategy.
Clayton M. Holtzman
Senior Director of Communications and Public Affairs
Clayton Holtzman is Senior Director of Communications and Public Affairs at Maine Medical Center. Clay joined MMC in 2015 and directs internal and external communications as well as strategic communications support | 1,365 |
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