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"We welcome Zensar Technologies to ISG's Future Workplace Summit and look forward to learning more about Zensar's latest digital workplace solutions during one of our innovation lab sessions," said Scott Furlong, Partner, ISG Business Solutions.
Zensar' s Digital Workplace is one of the four strategic pillars of Cloud and Infrastructure Services and one of the fastest growing business units within the organization. Zensar's managed workplace solution embraces a "User First" workplace strategy to help enterprises transform from a traditional workplace, Mobile or Cloud-first approach to a digital workplace model with alignment to users, IT and business - all three critical dimensions of an enterprise. Zensar's Digital Workplace Services includes Enterprise Mobility, WaaS, UCaaS, Messaging and Collaboration, Intelligent Workplace Management, Client Support Services, Smart Desk, Workplace<|fim_middle|> and technology research and analysis. Founded in 2006, and based in Stamford, Conn., ISG employs more than 1,300 digital-ready professionals operating in more than 20 countries—a global team known for its innovative thinking, market influence, deep industry and technology expertise, and world-class research and analytical capabilities based on the industry's most comprehensive marketplace data. For more information, visit http://www.isg-one.com. | Automation & Analytics, and IT Enablement Services.
Join Zensar at the ISG Future Workplace Summit to meet with our team of Digital Workplace experts and discover our market leading solutions focused on Enterprise Mobility, WaaS, UCaaS, Smart Desk, Intelligent Workplace, Messaging and Collaboration, and IT Enablement. Learn more about Zensar's portfolio of Digital Workplace Solutions at https://www.zensar.com/service/digital-workplace.
ISG (Information Services Group) (Nasdaq: III) is a leading global technology research and advisory firm. A trusted business partner to more than 700 clients, including 75 of the top 100 enterprises in the world, ISG is committed to helping corporations, public sector organizations, and service and technology providers achieve operational excellence and faster growth. The firm specializes in digital transformation services, including automation, cloud and data analytics; sourcing advisory; managed governance and risk services; network carrier services; strategy and operations design; change management; market intelligence | 204 |
Moffitt Cancer Center Accepting Applications for SPARK
WHO: Moffitt Cancer Center, the only NCI-designated comprehensive cancer center based in Florida, is accepting applications for the Summer Program for the Advancement of Research Knowledge. Internships are open to undergraduate students interested in biomedical science careers.
WHAT: SPARK is a research training program that provides outstanding undergraduates a summer opportunity to gain research experience. SPARK offers 10 weeks of intensive research study with some of the nation's leading scientists at Moffitt. Students are selected to train with researchers in programs including Molecular Oncology; Immunology; Drug Discovery; Experimental Therapeutics; Risk Assessment, Detection and Intervention; Health Outcomes and Behavior; Integrated Mathematical Oncology; and Investigative Imaging. Selection is based on demonstrated interest in research through prior experience, a written essay and academic performance, along with recommendations from teachers or faculty members with preference given to advanced students.
A health screening and orientation process will also be required. There is no cost to the student and a $3,000 taxable stipend is provided.
WHEN: Applications and documentation must be received by Feb. 15. Participation represents a 10-week, 40-hour-per-week commitment. Internships can be completed any 10 weeks between May 1 and Aug. 31. Students unable to make this commitment should not apply.
WHERE: Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa FL 33612
CONTACT: Visit www.Moffitt.org/SPARK, email SPARK@moffitt.org or call Evelyn Rivera-Miranda at (813) 745-6767.
About Moffitt Cancer Center
Follow Moffitt on Facebook: www.facebook.com/MoffittCancerCenter
Follow Moffitt on Twitter: @MoffittNews
Follow Moffitt<|fim_middle|> Institute Comprehensive Cancer Center, a designation that recognizes Moffitt's excellence in research and contributions to clinical trials, prevention and cancer control. Moffitt has 14 affiliates in Florida, one in Georgia, one in Pennsylvania and two in Puerto Rico. Moffitt is also a member of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network, a prestigious alliance of the country's leading cancer centers, and is listed in U.S. News & World Report as one of "America's Best Hospitals" for cancer.
Tweets by MoffittNews | on YouTube: MoffittNews
Located in Tampa, Moffitt Cancer Center is the only Florida-based National Cancer | 22 |
Decorate your own bright fabric 3 kitty friends to play with or present to someone special.
These cute little cats will purr as you finish decorating them! PlushCraft Kitten Club 3D Fabric Craft Kit allows young cat lovers to create their own not one, not two, but THREE play pals and unique room décor toys at once. Using the enclosed simple instructions girls will love popping the enclosed yellow, orange, grey, bright brown, black, and white fabric pieces into the plushy kitty figurines. No sewing required, just use the enclosed<|fim_middle|> Craft Kit contains over 690 pieces of bright color fabric, 6 glitter eyes, 3 noses, 3 felt tails, 12 felt ear pieces, a stylus, and 3 cat-shaped models. The finished kitty toys created with this best-selling girls craft from Educational Toys Planet will be eye-catching room decor items, or hand-made gifts for someone you love.
Dimensions of package 3" x 10" x 8.88"
Write your own review of PlushCraft Kitten Club 3D Fabric Craft Kit. | craft stylus. PlushCraft Kitten Club 3D Fabric | 14 |
The 2022 Nissan Maxima: We See Exciting<|fim_middle|>0 AM - 6:00 PM | Times Ahead
May 31st, 2022 by Fabian Mayers
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The New Nissan Maxima isn't just a regular car offering luxury and comfort. With its advanced safety features, it's also perfect for active lifestyles. You can drive it to work in the morning and then switch to a race car at the touch of a button. Feel like a confident driver while you cruise the highway or take a winding road through the mountains, thanks to available intelligent safety features. It's definitely a ride that inspires excitement every time you hit the road.
A Class of Its Own
The Maxima competes well in the large sedan class, with bold styling and a mostly upscale interior, both improvements from the previous model. It comes with a 300-hp V-6 engine and a responsive CVT that lets you select the transmission mode. It handles well, and the brakes let you safely come to a complete stop in 34 meters from 60 mph.
The Maxima SR
One of the Maxima trim levels is the Maxima SR, which is more performance-oriented than other models. The SR comes with upgraded features such as a sport-tuned suspension with retuned dampers and larger stabilizer bars. It also comes with 19-inch sport-specific wheels, LED foglights, and several trim-specific upgrades, including an Alcantara steering wheel with paddle shifters, sport pedals, and Sport and Technology packages.
Driving Safe Is the Default
The Nissan Maxima earned a 2021 Top Safety Pick+ award from the IIHS, while The NHTSA gave the 2022 Maxima a five-star overall safety rating, the highest possible rating for safety. Every 2022 Maxima comes with adaptive cruise control, blind-spot monitoring, front and rear automatic emergency braking, lane departure warning and traffic sign recognition. The Maxima SR and Platinum trims also get lane centring.
The 2022 Maxima provides ample space in the interior. Legroom for the first row is at a nice 114.3cm, while the second row also has an ample 86.87cm. Cargo space isn't half bad either, with 14.3 cubic feet of space to fill with whatever you can think of!
Maximum Tech
The base Nissan Maxima comes equipped with standard automatic headlights with automatic high beams and a 7.0-inch display in the instrument panel, as well as keyless entry, push-button start, heated side mirrors, and a dual-zone climate control system. For the entertainment system, you get to enjoy an eight-inch touchscreen with navigation, Android Auto and Apple Carplay compatibility, and eight speakers.
The SR trim adds LED foglights, parking sensors, and side mirrors that tilt down when the car is put in reverse. It also features ventilated front seats and a heated steering wheel, as well as an 11-speaker premium Bose audio system. Other features that come standard on the SR model include a 360-degree camera system, a six-way power-adjustable passenger seat, and active noise cancellation.
Take it one step further with the Maxima Platinum, the top of the 2022 Maxima line. With this trim, you get a power tilting and telescoping steering column, heated rear seats, rain-sensing windshield wipers, and a rear power window sunshade.
The 2022 Nissan Maxima has a lot to offer you, from its spacious interior to its advanced technology features. It is a safe and reliable ride that provides an exhilarating yet luxurious drive. The SR model is built for performance enthusiasts, and the Platinum model is the best of the best. Choose the model that meets your needs and live your life to the fullest with one of the best rides you can get your hands on!
Experience the ride of your life every day with the 2022 Nissan Maxima. Get yours by coming down to your local Nissan Dealership in Unionville. Schedule a test drive today!
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Richland Sertoma Club - Membership Drive Luncheon<|fim_middle|> 2nd! | !
5/02/13-- Please join us for another Membership Drive luncheon at the Capital City Club! This is a great way to invite potential members to come find out more about Sertoma and get to know our club and club members better.
Samuel Tenenbaum, a prominent local philanthropist, will be our keynote speaker. Mr. Tenenbaum has an extensive resume filled with philanthropic activities. We will also have our very own Chris Weston in attendance, who is now the Sertoma Inc President!
Membership committee chair Steven Langer challenges each of you to bring TWO potential members to the meeting! Once you have your guest(s) lined up, please let Steven know as we will need to have a rough head count to give the Capital City Club as well.
For more information, please contact Steven Langer or Mike Speer. Looking forward to a very successful membership luncheon on May | 186 |
Sir Terence David John "Terry" Pratchett, OBE (born 28 April 1948) is an English author of fantasy novels, especially comical works. He is best known for the Discworld series of about 40 volumes. Pratchett's first novel, The Carpet People, was published in 1971, and since<|fim_middle|>1990s, and has sold over 70 million books worldwide in 37 languages. He is currently the second most-read writer in the UK, and seventh most-read non-US author in the US.
Pratchett was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 1998 and was knighted for services to literature in the 2009 New Year Honours. In 2001 he won the annual Carnegie Medal for The Amazing Maurice and his Educated Rodents, the first Discworld book marketed for children.
In December 2007, Pratchett announced that he was suffering from early-onset Alzheimer's disease. Subsequently he made a substantial public donation to the Alzheimer's Research Trust, and filmed a programme chronicling his experiences with the disease for the BBC.
top atheist quote
The presence of those seeking the truth is infinitely to be preferred to the presence of those who think they've found it. | his first Discworld novel (The Colour of Magic) was published in 1983, he has written two books a year on average. His latest Discworld book, Snuff, was at the time of its release the third-fastest-selling hardback adult-audience novel since records began in the United Kingdom, selling 55,000 copies in the first three days.
Pratchett was the UK's best-selling author of the | 94 |
Caliber, The Wealth Development Company purchased eight buildings comprising nearly 100,000 square feet in downtown Mesa for $7.5 million. The company is partnering with Habitat Metro, the Phoenix multifamily developer that has plans in place to build two high-end apartments in downtown Mesa.
Read the full article, "Developer buys 8 Mesa buildings; tenants plan to move".
Eight buildings in downtown Mesa were purchased for $7.5 million by real estate investment firm Caliber – the Wealth Development Co. and infill developer Habitat Metro<|fim_middle|>0 Companies to Watch in 2016".
There are a cadre of developers, designers and architects with a new focus on infill and adaptive reuse projects across the Valley. One of those leading that charge is Tim Sprague, a principal with Habitat Metro LLC.
Read full article, "2015 Businessperson of the Year: Tim Sprague".
Read the full article, "Downtown on Top: Residential Development". | as they plan redevelopment efforts. The deals could bring new restaurants and office space to Mesa's Main Street. The properties all are along Main Street between Country Club Drive and Main Street.
Read the full article, "New restaurants, office space could come to downtown Mesa after several buildings sold".
Read the full article, "Habitat Metro plans second apartment project in downtown Mesa".
Read the full article, "Tim Sprague honored at Center City Starr Awards".
Read the full article, "Here's a Look Inside Found:RE Hotel in Downtown Phoenix".
When you build local projects like we do, you know that the drive to 'go local' is no fad. It's a movement we, and others, have embraced for decades because it's an extension of who we are.
Read the full article, "Placemaking Phoenix: Habitat Metro & Local Focused Development".
Experts say Arizona has said goodbye to the recession and the commercial real estate industry can expect slow, steady growth in 2016. But it takes innovative companies with creative leaders to be catalysts to that growth. AZRE magazine casts a spotlight on 40 leading-edge companies who will likely leave their marks on the commercial real estate industry in 2016.
Read the full article, "4 | 260 |
A book from the owner of Cyndi's List!
"A guide to the future of genealogy"
Netting Your Ancestors is designed not only to show you how to use the Internet in genealogical research but how to take maximum advantage of this extraordinary research tool. Written by genealogist and computer whiz Cyndi Howells, creator of the award-winning web site Cyndi's List of Genealogy Sites on the Internet, it is a guide to the most powerful research tool since the advent of the personal computer. This is no hollow claim, for in bringing resources from around the world right into your home, the Internet makes genealogical research possible on a global scale, in record-breaking time.
With its clear, no-nonsense approach, Netting Your Ancestors answers the most fundamental questions about genealogical research on the Internet: How do I get online? What type of computer hardware and software do I need? What do I do once I'm online? Where do I start? What type of information is available? The answers to those questions, rendered in plain English, will help you to discover genealogical resources and finding-aids beyond your wildest dreams. What's more, you'll be able to communicate with researchers around the world, exchanging data that otherwise might take you a lifetime to find.
To help you get the most out of your online research time, Netting Your Ancestors focuses on the three most useful components of the<|fim_middle|> two years, Cyndi's List has twice been voted the best genealogy site on the World Wide Web. It has had over 2 million visitors and has been featured by the History Channel web site and in several publications, including the Newsweek, Yahoo! Internet Life, Family Chronicle and Home PC magazines. Cyndi, a genealogist for over eighteen years, is an active member of and webmaster for the Tacoma-Pierce County Genealogical Society in Washington. Cyndi has been a guest lecturer at various genealogical society meetings and seminars, and is a contributing editor to Heritage Quest magazine.
Visit sites with map collections online, directories of useful addresses, genealogical glossaries, dictionaries, etc.
The author's web site, Cyndi's List of Genealogy Sites on the Internet, is the most comprehensive list of Internet resources for genealogy available and has been acclaimed by Newsweek magazine, Home PC magazine, and the History Channel.
Copyright © 1997, 1998 by Cyndi Ingle Howells. All rights reserved. | Internet, each of which is discussed in a separate chapter: E-mail, Mailing Lists and Newsgroups, and the World Wide Web. Within each chapter, sections are devoted to software requirements, guidelines, and the basic workings of each component, along with tips for researchers who have already been online for a while. The last section in each chapter is devoted to research strategies that will benefit both new and veteran online researchers.
The ability to exchange information on a global scale and to explore vast new databases (as well as obscure factoids lurking at the edges of cyberspace) is what genealogical research on the Internet is all about. And in this book, with the aplomb and assurance of a seasoned Internet navigator, Cyndi Howells starts you out on your Internet journey of exploration and discovery, guiding you confidently toward your goal. It's a trip you'll never forget, even though you never leave home.
Cyndi Howells is the owner and webmaster of Cyndi's List of Genealogy Sites on the Internet, http://www.CyndisList.com, a categorized index to over 28,000 online resources. In its first | 239 |
Catalog start Topic Boundaries Remove constraint Topic: Boundaries Topic Historical Remove constraint Topic: Historical
Stanford Digital Repository101
Paullin, Charles O.12
Wright, John K.12
Blaeuw, William4
Jefferys, Thomas4
Anville, Jean Baptiste Bourguignon d, 1697-17823
Heneman, J.C. v.3
Lisle, Guillaume de, 1675-17263
Popple, Henry3
Arrowsmith, John2
Bouchenroeder, F. Von2
Chollet, L.2
Gannett, Henry, 1846-19142
Gray, Ormando Willis2
Martyr, Peter2
Sanson D'Abbeville, N.2
Siraut - Destouches, A.2
Strickland, Joseph2
Van's Gravesande, Storm2
de Vaugondy, Robert2
Boundaries[remove]<|fim_middle|>0. S. Doc 91 55 2. 31. Part of a Map of South America by Robert de Vaugondy, Paris, 1750. Reproduced from Original (in his Atlas Universel Paris, 1757, Pl. 101,) in Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. Lith. by A. Hoen & Co., Baltimore, MD [1750]
Online Storm Van's Gravesande - 1750. S 91 55 2. 60. Map of the Orinico - Essequibo Region, Handed to the West India Company by Governor Storm Van's Gravesande, June 22, 1750 Reproduced fromm the Manuscript Copy on Parchment in the Rijksarchief at te Hague, No. 1496 of the Catalogue. Photo. Lith. by A. Hoen & Co., Baltimore, MD [1750]
Online (Facsimile) D'Anville - 1748. 39. S Doc 9a 55 2. Amerique Meridionale. Publiee sous les Auspices de Monseigneur le Duc D'Orleans ... Map of South America by J.B D'Anville, Paris, 1748. Reproduced from Original (Marked 4576/2) in Library of Harvard College, Cambridge, Mass. Photo.Lith. by A. Hoen & Co., Baltimore, MD [1748]
Online (Facsimile) D'Anville - 1748. 40. S Doc 9a 55 2. Part of a Map of South America by J.B. D'Anville, Paris, 1748. Reproduced from Original (Marked 4576/2) in Library of Harvard College, Cambridge, Mass. Photo.Lith. by A. Hoen & Co., Baltimore, MD [1748]
Online Storm Van's Gravesande - 1748. S 91 55 2. 60. Map of the Essequuibo Colony made for the West India Company by Governor Storm Van's Gravesande, 1748. Reprodcued from a Certified Tracing (Furnished by the Republic of Venezuela) of the Copy in the Colonial Library at Paramaribo, Surinam. Photo. Lith. by A. Hoen & Co., Baltimore, MD [1748]
Online (Facsimile) Gumilla - 1741. 56. Mapa de la Provincia y Missiones de la Compania de IHS del Nuevo Reyno de Granada. Map of the Jesuit Missions of New granda, by Father Joseph Gumilla, S.J., Madrid, 1741. Reproduced from Original in El Orinoco Ilustrado, Madrid, 1741, p I, in Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. Photo. Lith. by A. Hoen & Co., Baltimore MD. [1741]
Online Anonymous - [1735?]. S Doc 91 55 2. 72. Sketch Map of the Capuchin Missions in the Province of Guayana about 1765. Map I. Reproduced by Photo-lithography from the Original in the Capuchin Archives in Rome. Sketch Map of the Missions of the Catalonian Capuchins in the Spanish Province of Guayana, about 1735 (Rather than 1765). Reproduced from a Photolithographic Facsimile of the Manuscript Original in the Archives of the Capuchin Order at Rome given by Father Joseph Strickland, S.J., in his Documents nad Maps on the Boundary Question between Venzuela and British Guyana, Rome, 1898. Photo. Lith. by A. Hoen & Co., Baltimore, MD [1735]
Online (Facsimile) Popple - 1733. 35. S Doc 9a 55 2. "A Map of the British Empire in America with the French and Spanish Settlements Adjacent Thereto," by Henry Popple, London 1733. Reproduced from Original in Library of Congress. Photo.Lith. by A. Hoen & Co., Baltimore, MD [1733]
Online (Facsimile) Popple - 1733. America Septentrionalis. S Doc 9a 55 2. Map of the British Empire in America with the French and Spanish Settlements Adjacent Thereto, by Henry Popple London, 1733. W.H. Toms Sculp. Reproduced from Original (in a Collection Labeled American Maps, Vol. 2, No. 151,) in Library of U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, D.C. Photo.Lith. by A. Hoen & Co., Baltimore, MD [1733]
Online (Facsimile) Popple - 1733. Map 3. Map of Surinam. 33. S Doc 91 55 2. Part of "A Map of the British Empire in America with the French and Spanish Settlements Adjacent Thereto," by Henry Popple, London, 1733. Reproduced from the map Entitled Map of Surinam (in British Blue Book, Venezuela No.1, [1896] Appendix, No. III, Map No. 3,) in Possession of the Commission. I.D.W.O. Ni. 1142c. Lithographed at the Intll. Div. W.O. Jan. 1896. Photo.Lith. by A hoen & Co., Baltimore, MD [1733]
Online (Facsimile) Delisle - 1722. S Doc 9a 55 2. Part of a Map of America by William Delisle, Paris, 1722. Reproduced from Original (Marked 3008/3) in Library of Harvard College Cambridge, Mass. Photo.Lith. by A. Hoen & Co., Baltimore, MD [1722] | 101
Historical[remove]101
Atlas Map95
Maps95
Text Page2
Title pages2
Half Title Page1
Index Page1
Title Page1
Guyana81
Orinoco-Essequibo Region81
Europe, Eastern2
Lithuania1
Venezuela-British Guiana Boundary Commission20
A. Hoen & Co.13
Julius Bien & Co.2
Edward Stanford Ltd.1
Imprimerie de Casimir1
101 catalog results
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Online (Facsimile) Cruz Cano Y Olmedilla - 1775. S Doc 91 55 2. 50. Part of a Map of South America by Juan de la Cruz Cano y Olmedilla, Madrid, 1775. Reproduced from Original Submitted to the Commission by the Republic of Venezuela. Photo. Lith. by A. Hoen & Co., Baltimore MD [1775]
Online (Facsimile) Jefferys - 1775. 41. S Doc 9a 55 2. Part of a Chart of the Coast of Guiana by Thomas Jefferys, London, 1775. Reproduced from Original (in his West-India Atlas London, 1788, Pl. A1. 17,) in Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.. Photo.Lith. by A. Hoen & Co., Baltimore, MD [1775]
Online Heneman - 1775. Map of the Colonies of Demerara and Essequibo, Made by the Engineer J.C. v. Heneman, for the West India Company, 1773 - 1775. Reproduced from the Original Manuscript in the Rijksarchief at the Hague, No. 1488 of the Catalogue. Photo. Lith. by A. Hoen & Co Baltimore, MD [1775]
Online Heneman - 1772. S. Doc. 91 55 2. 63. Kaart van de Vall Akaiou, in Rio Cajouny Map of the Cuyuni River from its Mouth to the First Fall, by the Engineer J.C. v. Heneman 1772. Reproduced from Autograph Manuscript in the Rijksarchief at the Hague, No. 1536 of the Catalogue. Photo. Lith. by A. Hoen & Co., Baltimore, MD. [1772]
Online Fr. Carlos de Barcelona - 1771. S Doc 91 55 2. 73. Sketch Map of the Carpuchiin Missions in the Province of Guyana about 1771. Map II. Sketch Map of the Missions of the Catalonian Capuchins iin the Spanish Province of Guayana, 1771. Reproduced from a Photolithographic Facsimile of the Manuscript Original in the Archives of the Capuchin Order at Rome given by Father Joseph Strickland, S.J., in his Documents and Maps on the Boundary Question between Venezuela and British Guayana, Rome, 1898. Photo. Lith. by A. Hoen & Co., Baltimore MD [1771]
Online (Facsimile) Hartsinck - 1770. S Doc 91 55 2. 50. Caart van Guiana. Part of a Map of Guiana by J.J. Hartsinck, Amsterdam, 1770. Reproduced from Original (in his Beschrvving van Guiana, Amsterdam, 1770, Vo. I, p. I,) in Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. Photo. Lith. by A. Hoen & Co., Baltimore, MD [1770]
Online (Facsimile) Delamarche [1767?] S Doc 91 55 2. 32. Part of a Map by Robert De Vaugondy, Published by C.F. Delamarche, Paris, [1767?]. Reproduced from Original (Marked 3010/7) in Library of Harvard College, Cambridge, Mass [1767]
Online (Facsimile) Bellin - 1763. S Doc 91 55 2. 52. Carte de la Guine. Map of Guiana by J.A. Bellin, Paris, 1763. Reproduced from Original (in his Description Geographique de la Guane Paris, 1763, P. I,) in Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. Photo. Lith. by A. Hoen & Co Baltimore, MD. [1763]
Online D'Anville inset in Bercheyck - [1761?]. S Doc 91 55 2. 62. Part of D'Anville's Map South America Reproduced as an Inset in the Map of Demerara by L.L. c 1759, as rinted at Amsterdam [1761?]. Reproduced from a Copy Furnished by the Dutch Historian Gen. P.M. Netscher. Photo. Lith. by A. Hoen & Co., Baltimore, MD [1759]
Online (Facsimile) Robert de Vaugondy - 175 | 1,200 |
The number of film critics who have indelibly shaped my understanding of the cinema is relatively small, perhaps a half dozen, maybe a dozen at the most. Susan Sontag is chief among them, although I've never thought of her as a critic per se. During a youth spent at academic institutions in Berkeley, Chicago, Cambridge (MA), Oxford, Paris<|fim_middle|> (New York: Anchor Books, 1990).
Susan Sontag, Styles of Radical Will (New York: Anchor Books, 1991).
← Bono's Dream of Capitalism without Capital? Don't You Dare Steal My Enjoyment! | , and New York, she was trained as a philosopher and thought and wrote like one. And like a philosopher, Sontag had a precise intellectual agenda. As David Denby wrote in an astute summation of Sontag's love of the movies, she had absorbed the ideology of the 1960s intellectuals who wrote for Partisan Review and then attacked their view of modernist art, partly because they had undervalued European experimental film, a medium which they hardly considered worthy of attention.
In challenging them, Sontag achieved much. She expanded artistic taste for a generation of readers and moviegoers, particularly those living in New York; she brought attention to an array of relatively neglected artists (many of whom are now widely respected); and she revised the very purpose of film criticism. For someone like me, born in the generation after Sontag's, it is the latter achievement that perhaps matters most. Sontag's writing on film was only a small part of her writing on the arts, and on the surface it can seem fairly clinical. Her expansive essays on directors such as Jean-Luc Godard, Ingmar Bergman, and Robert Bresson engaged their films by exploring a variety of related intellectual issues, including questions of form, the relationship between literary texts, the internal mechanics of narrative, the integral ties between structure and content. And in these essays, she often indulged in esoteric aphorisms, calling Godard a "deliberate destroyer of cinema" or concluding that in some of Alain Resnais' films "the memory of an unrecapturable feeling becomes the subject of feeling." These statements only made complete sense, only cohered, within the larger intellectual context of the essays that contained them.
Sontag spent her life trying to grasp modernity, both as a specific series of developments in the arts and as the quintessence of experience in the violent and demoralizing twentieth century. Film was the new art of the century, and the greatest contemporary directors, going past mere representation and narrative, reformulated its language, expanding consciousness and emotion in the bargain. In 1968, in a long piece on Godard in Partisan Review, Sontag wrote that the director's "approach to established rules of film technique like the unobtrusive cut, consistency of point of view, and clear cut story line is comparable to Schoenberg's repudiation of the tonal language prevailing in music around 1910." Film, then, was the last great wave of modernism. Or at least a certain kind of film, in which form became experimental and philosophically resonant: the movies of Resnais and not Bunuel, Bresson but not Dreyer, Godard but not Truffaut, Bergman's "Persona" but not Bergman's "Smiles of a Summer Night." In such works, film amounted to nothing less than the making of new forms and the making of souls.
the imagery of disaster in science fiction is above all the emblem of an inadequate response. I don't mean to bear down on the films for this. They themselves are only a sampling, stripped of sophistication, of the inadequacy of most people's responses to the unassimilable terrors that infect their consciousness. The interest of the films, aside from their considerable amount of cinematic charm, consists in this intersection between a naive and largely debased commercial art product and the most profound dilemmas of the contemporary situation.
This brilliant interpretation comes towards the end of the essay, like a bang. Science fiction films reveal human limitations in coping with the extremes of experience; they also reveal a desire to "neutralize" or "beautify" terror and anxiety about the world, even if this is not necessarily beneficial ("they inculcate a strange apathy", she wrote, "concerning the process of radiation, contamination, and destruction that I for one find haunting and depressing"). Sontag didn't merely illuminate how science fiction films are constructed; she revealed why they exist and why we need them.
The force of these kinds of interpretations makes Sontag's criticism compelling, perhaps even necessary in its own right. Sontag's emphasis, in much of her writing on film, on the formal achievements of experimental filmmakers helped expand the canon to include different directors and films while also placing film on the level of the other arts. But her arguing, bravely, for the transformative, redemptive, or illuminating power of film refashioned criticism itself into something that could enhance the direct experience of the cinema while, in the most revolutionary manner, it could also permanently, and wonderfully, alter our sensibilities.
David Denby, "The Moviegoer: Susan Sontag's Life in Film," The New Yorker (Sept. 12, 2005).
Susan Sontag, Against Interpretation and Other Essays | 1,008 |
Home /NEWS/Bengaluru school bags the first position in The Junior Maths Championship organized by Matific
Bengaluru school bags the first position in The Junior Maths Championship organized by Matific
'The Junior Maths Championship' organized by digital learning Maths Platform Matific in India, witnessed an exemplary performance from students across India. The 3 days championship open to students from Nursery to Class 6 had students competing for earning maximum stars based on completion of each of the activities.
With over 1200 schools and 500,000 students participating from all across India, only a few cut through the competition and made their space in the top 3. Police Public School, Bengaluru secured the first position and won laurels along with a cash-prize worth INR 4,50,000, followed by Kairos International School, Hyderabad and Cambridge Court World School, Jaipur securing the first and the second runner up positions along with a cash prize of INR 2,50,000 and INR 75,000 respectively. The students were also lauded with certificates and medals, inspiring them to stay motivated towards the subject and future competitions for healthy growth.
Collectively over <|fim_middle|> computers and tablets, connects to any browser and easily integrates with other technologies. The high-tech platform also features an offline mode which allows students to access math and syncs the work performed once connected again.
MICA's Media and Entertainment Management Area to Heavily Focus on New Age Ott, Content, Consumer & Technology
upGrad partners with the University of Arizona to offer Master's in Data Science | 50 million maths problems were solved. On an average, a student solved at least 485 maths problems in these 3 days and spent 3.5 hours learning maths. This was a great way for students to stay away from YouTube and TV and devote those hours to learning maths.
Mrs B Nanda, Principal, Police Public School Bengaluru took pride in the milestone achieved by her students, said, "We take immense pride in providing our students with an opportunity to represent our school and bag the first prize in the competition. Our intent has always been to encourage these young minds by providing them with the right exposure and equal opportunities to grow and this competition has only added onto their learning process. Expediting their success, Matific has not only provided them with a platform to create their own space but also worked towards satisfying their educational curiosities and boosting their scientific temperament. We offer our gratitude to Matific and also to the guardians who inspired their wards to participate and make us all proud."
This unique event was a perfect platform to introduce children to mathematical challenges in an enjoyable way. This friendly online maths competition for children in K-6th grades was a great opportunity for children to practice maths, boost confidence, and develop a growth mindset in maths.
Naina Jamakhandimath, Growth and Partnerships, India at Matific says " We are elated to see such a huge turnout for the first ever Junior Maths Championship organized by Matific in India. We wanted to provide an interesting platform for K-6 students of India to engage in mathematical problems in a fun and rewarding way. We are happy to see the enthusiasm of the teachers and parents that are the guiding force behind the students. Seeing the passion among the young learners, we are encouraged to host more such events for the children and help them in becoming maths champions."
Matific has been empowering teachers, students, and schools on a global level in over 60 countries and localised to 40 languages. The comprehensive ed-tech platform aims to substantially increase the students' engagement with maths using game-based principles to encourage students to learn through discovery while, at the same time, being aligned with the local curriculum (ICSE/CBSE). It combines a repository of more than 20,000 interactive activities, worksheets, workshops, and assessments to keep students engaged, both at school and at home.
The world-class, award winning platform is fully integrated in the education system through Google Classroom and Microsoft. It works across all devices, including mobile phones, | 512 |
operating, maintaining and troubleshooting an Integrus Language Distribution System.
This document is intended for installers and users of a Integrus Language Distribution System.
Not observing the alert will lead to death or sever injuries.
distribution (mono as well as stereo).
walls, ceilings or floor stands.
They can operate with a rechargeable NiMH battery pack or with disposable batteries.
Charging circuitry is incorporated in the receiver.
status. It is also used as a an interactive display for configuring the system.
floor language or emergency messages.
input signals. The number of connectors depends on the transmitter type.
Earth connection point - Only used for factory testing purposes.
30 radiators can be loop-through connected to each output.
Next Generation conference system with an optical network cable.
Mains input - Euro mains socket. The transmitter has automatic mains voltage selection.
loop-through interconnect on with DCN units.
to each of these outputs by means of loop-through connections.
automatically when the transmitter is switched on.
power or from half power to stand-by if the temperature of the IREDs becomes too high.
termination is achieved by a built-in switch in the BNC connectors.
in cable lengths to the radiators.
Amber indicator LEDs - Give an indication of the radiator status.
Red indicator LEDs - Give an indication of the radiator status.
Male mains connector - for connecting the radiator to the mains supply.
for loop-through connection to other radiators.
Power reduction switch - reduces the output power of the radiator to 1.5 Wpp.
Red LED - indicates that the radiator output is 70% or less of the normal output level.
V operation, solder two small leads, one connecting X4 to X6 and one connecting X5 to X7.
with a fuse rated at 350 mA.
Not more than the first 4 carriers can be transmitted.
Not more than 100 m cable length from transmitter to last radiator.
one system, as the internal signal delay of these radiators are different.
No communication of the radiator status to the transmitter.
Using this radiator at 105 to 125 V requires internal adjustments.
jack output socket for mono or stereo headphones.
Charging circuitry is included in the receiver.
Charging indicator LED - Used in combination with the charging equipment.
symbol is visible when the battery pack or the batteries are almost empty.
Volume control - A slider to adjust the volume.
is shown on the LCD display.
headphone is removed, the receiver switches automatically to the Off-state.
receiver. Charging is automatically disabled when this connector is not used.
4550/00) or two disposable AA-size 1.5 V batteries.
The headphones connect with the receivers via a 3.5 mm (0.14 inch) stereo jack connector.
present and controls the charging process.
LBB 4560/00 Charging suitcase for portable systems.
selection. A mains cable is provided.
Receiver positions - One charging unit can charge up to 56 receivers simultaneously.
radio waves and other types of radiation. It has a wavelength just above that of visible light.
processing guarantees a constant high audio quality.
A/D conversion - Each analogue audio channel is converted to a digital signal.
by the receivers for fault detection and correction.
which convert the carrier signals to modulated infra-red light.
music the premium quality mode gives near CD quality.
distribution system. These are discussed in the next sections.
not large, but for larger rotations the sensitivity will decrease rapidly.
depends on the mounting height and angle of the radiator.
installed, the receivers will work without errors, even in bright sunlight.
The presence of objects in a conference venue can influence the distribution of infra-red light.
towards uncovered windows, as most of this radiation will subsequently be lost.
not to be blocked by people in the hall (see Figure 4.10 and Figure 4.11).
being reflected from a number of surfaces to the participant.
radiation from radiators positioned in front. When the direction of the receiver changes, e.g.
the 'shaded' area with an additional radiator (see Figure 4.16).
the radiators (see section 7.4 ).
actually mounted beyond the horizontal point at which the rectangular footprint starts.
plane and not from the floor.
Draw the rectangular footprints in the lay-out of the room.
the overlap effect and draw the footprint enlargement(s) in the lay-out of the room.
Check whether you have sufficient coverage with the radiators at the intended positions.
If not so, add additional radiators to the room.
See Figure 4.14, Figure 4.15 and Figure 4.16 for examples of a radiator lay out.
transmitter to radiator if possible (see Figure 4.22).
brackets can also be used to mount the transmitter to a flat surface.
numbers refer to Figure 5.2 and Figure 5.3.
ICs and many other electronic components are susceptible to electrostatic discharge (ESD).
possible in their protective packing. Wear an anti-ESD bracelet.
Remove the top cover of the transmitter housing.
and push it firmly into the PCB connector (4).
interface module.Close the transmitter housing.
properly before pushing the module in.
to Figure 5.4 and Figure 5.5.
section 5.2 . Note that the distance studs of the transmitter module can remain in place.
slot cover proceeding as described in section 5.2 .
Loosen the screws (5) at the XLR connectors on the rear panel.
Loosen the screws (6) of the distance studs (7) of the analogue input/output PCB.
screws depends on the transmitter type.
Do not lose the (spring) washers (8).
cable. See inset in Figure 5.4.
Remove three distance studs (7A, 7B and 7C) of the analogue input/output PCB.
Remove the analogue input/output PCB.
Detach the user interface cable (12).
Detach the power supply connector (13).
Loosen the screws (14) of the distance studs. Do not lose the (spring) washers (15).
INT-TXK, paste the glue stud (1) from the upgrade kit to the bottom of the transmitter.
See inset in Figure 5.6 for the recommended pasting position.
Click the mains socket (3) in position in the new rear panel (4).
(5C) on the pins of the mains socket.
Pay attention to the correct position of the mains inlet wires. See inset in Figure 5.6.
Mount the rear panel using the screws (6) and the (spring) washers (7).
screw from the upgrade kit.
Fasten the user interface cable (10).
Fasten the power supply connector (11).
through the orifices in the new main PCB.
Place the analogue input/output PCB on its distance studs (12).
Fit the screws (14) with the (spring) washers (15).
Carefully give the screws a few turns. Do not yet tighten the screws.
Fit and tighten the screws (16) at the XLR connectors on the rear panel.
Fit and tighten the screws (17) between the cinch plugs on the rear panel.
Tighten the screws (14) of the distance studs (12).
PCB. To this end release the catches (19) on both sides and insert the flexible cable.
incorrect mounting will lead to transmitter failure. See inset in Figure 5.7.
proceeding as described in section 5.2 .
cover on the new rear panel.
12. Mount the top cover of the transmitter housing.
is a good airflow in this free space.
not indicate a radiator fault or malfunction.
plunger. The mounting angle can be adjusted in steps of 15°.
most standard floor stands. For floor stands, the mounting angle can be set at 0°, 15° or 30°.
separately). This bracket is attached to the wall by means of four bolts (see Figure 5.12).
intended for mounting the unit on a solid brick or concrete wall.
radiator to the required position.
mounting adaptor enables the radiator to be positioned for optimum performance.
LBB 4560/50 is suitable for either table-top or wall-mounted use.
drilled 500 mm apart (see Figure 5.16).
that they can be easily removed by hand in case of emergency.
enabled with the configuration menu (see section 7.2.3 ).
connecting the transmitter in the optical network.
panel. See the DCN Installation and Operating Manual for more information.
supply voltage switches on, the transmitter is switched to operating mode.
to the cinch inputs, the DCN and audio signals on corresponding inputs are mixed.
the audio input cinch connectors.
avoided by using higher-numbered cinch audio inputs.
distributed to all output channels, overriding all other audio inputs.
Aux-Right inputs are distributed to all output channels, overriding all other audio inputs.
with an RG59 cable to the radiator signal loop-through input of the slave transmitter.
The Transmission mode of the slave transmitter must be set to 'Slave' (see section 7.2.2 ).
the last radiator in a loop-through chain.
menu items can be found in section 7.2 .
Cycle through the available values for a settable option (the value is blinking).
Go to a sub-menu (the sub-menu item character starts blinking).
used to navigate to and from sub-menus.
be changed by selecting a value from a list of available values.
Navigate in the Main menu to an item with three dots (e.g. 'Setup...').
To enter the Setup sub-menu, push and hold the button for at least 3 seconds.
Turn the button to move the cursor to the submenu item character.
Push the button. The item character and title starts blinking.
Turn to select another sub-menu item character.
Push to confirm the selection.
Navigate to the applicable menu item.
Turn the button to move the cursor to the option value you want to change.
Push the button to activate the option. The option value starts to blink.
Turn the button to select a new option value.
Push the button to confirm the new value. The option value stops blinking.
Turn the button to move the cursor to the Main menu item number.
Push the button. The item number and title starts blinking.
Turn to select another item number.
automatically to the Main menu after you have reached the first item (A) of the sub-menu.
Turn the button to the < Back screen.
Push the button to go to the Transmitter Status.
indicates the position of the cursor. Each example starts at the Transmitter Status screen.
Example 1: Disable carrier 2.
See also section 7.2.7 .
3. Turn to select the 'C.Settings' sub-menu item (4G).
4. Push to go to the 'C.Settings' sub-menu.
5. Turn to select carrier 2.
7. Turn to move the cursor to the second line.
9. Turn to select 'Disabled'.
11. Turn to move the cursor to the Main menu item number (4).
13. Turn to select the < Back screen.
Example 2: Assign a new user defined<|fim_middle|> automatically switches to stand-by mode.
The volume can be changed by moving the volume control up or down.
a rechargeable battery pack (LBB 4550/00).
battery pack has a temperature sensor which prevents overheating during charging.
For more information about charging the battery pack see chapter 5.
with due care for the environment. When possible, take batteries to a local recycling station.
totally switched off and no energy is consumed from the batteries or the battery pack.
carrier number (0-7) and then a quality indication (00-90).
and does not display its quality.
Error status. See chapter 6, Trouble-shooting.
Charger switched off or receiver not properly inserted.
nor can you use other charging units to charge LBB 4540 receivers.
be inserted or removed without damage while the charging unit is switched on.
Charge the battery pack to full capacity before using them for the first time.
therefore be avoided, as this will damage the battery pack.
Continuously charging the receiver will not damage the receiver or battery pack.
Receivers can therefore safely be left in their charging positions when they are not used.
battery pack has to be replaced at least every five years.
should contact a qualified technician.
mains supply is connected and switched on.
disable the network mode (menu 4B).
automatic (using menu item 4B).
the selected auxiliary input mode (menu 4I).
connect to the optical network.
IRED panel is in temperature protection mode.
Ensure that the volume control is turned up.
whether the test tone is audible on the receiver.
system (see section 7.5 ).
and re-insert the receiver in the charging unit.
Do the tests as described in section 7.5 .
In case you cannot be solved the problem, submit a service request or failure report.
version information can be found in the Enquiry sub-menu (3).
900 m (2,970 feet) per HF output.
See 7.2.1 INT-TX Transmitter range.
Connect the emergency switch to pin 1 and 2.
(The mounting height is the distance from the reception plane and not from the floor). | name to channel 12.
See also section 7.2.6 .
3. Turn to select the 'Ch. Names' sub-menu item (4F).
4. Push to go to the 'Ch. Names' sub-menu.
5. Turn to select the required channel number (12).
7. Turn to move the cursor to the start of the second line.
11. Turn to move the cursor to the first dash.
13. Turn to select the first character (C).
14. Push to confirm this character.
15. Repeat steps 11 to 14 for the other characters.
16. Turn to move the cursor to the Main menu item number (4).
18. Turn to select the < Back screen.
inputs 14 (L) and 15 (R) as source.
See also section 7.2.5 .
3. Turn to select the 'Channel Quality' sub-menu item (4D).
5. Turn to move the cursor to the option on the second line.
7. Turn to select the option value 'Per Channel ...'.
8. Push to go to the 'Channel' sub-menu (4C).
9. Turn to select the required channel number (11).
11. Turn to move the cursor to the quality option.
13. Turn to select the required quality value (Stereo PQ).
15. Turn to move the cursor to the input number.
17. Turn to select the required input number (14).
19. Turn to move the cursor to the Main menu item number (4).
21. Turn to select the < Back screen.
automatically to the next even number (12), which is the input number of the left signal.
values (see section 7.2.14 ) are indicated by an asterisk (*) when applicable.
Setup sub-menu (see sections 7.2.2 and higher).
2 Monitoring . . .
3 Enquiry . . .
4 Setup . . .
distributed on one carrier to all channels.
system, the optical network connections must be enabled.
combination with DCN Next Generation.
transmitter, the number of channels can be automatically set by the connected system.
settings of the connected system.
than the maximum number of channels.
numbered input. The next higher input number is used for the right signal.
Set all channels to mono, standard quality.
Set all channels to mono, premium quality.
Set all channels to stereo, premium quality.
Per Channel . . .
Select which channel to configure.
signal (even number) should be selected.
should be distributed on the selected channel.
quality does not fit on the available carriers (see section 4.1.4 ).
determine which input can be routed to the selected channel.
hardware (typically inputs 28, 29, 30 & 31 can not be routed to other carriers than carrier 7).
one of 30 pre-defined ISO language names. Also up to 32 user defined names can be added.
presented can be chosen via the Language List menu option (4E).
Push the button to go to the sub-menu.
Select which channel to name.
Set the name for the selected channel.
characters) can be added and chosen.
Present language list in English.
Present language list in French.
carriers (0 to 7) can be disabled or enabled in the Carrier Settings menu (4G).
Select which carrier to configure.
The selected carrier is disabled (off).
The selected carrier is enabled (on).
depends on the chosen quality mode. See examples below.
MQ) are assigned to carrier 4.
PQ) are assigned to carrier 5.
Select which carrier to view.
when less than 4 channels are assigned.
Aux. Input Mode menu (4I).
item 4A) to actually transmit this stereo signal.
should be connected to the Aux. inputs.
(menu item 1) is set to 'Aux to All'.
The mini IR-radiator at the front of the transmitter can be used for monitoring the IR-signal.
When required (e.g. for security reasons) this option can be switched off (menu 4M).
two resistors. Consult your regular service contact for more information.
Status screen. The name can be edited in the Unit Name menu (4O).
Reset all options to the factory default value.
required, e.g. when a mobile system is used in a small conference venue.
Also switch a radiator to half power when an adequate air flow can not be guaranteed, e.g.
when the radiator is mounted on top of an interpreters booth.
Reducing the power when possible saves energy and increases the lifetime.
receiver from two or more radiators can cause black spots as a result of the multi path effect.
To compensate the signal delay differences, the delay of each radiator can be increased.
These signal delays can be set with the delay switches at the back of the radiator.
calculation tool (available on the documentation CD-ROM).
compensate for radiation signal delay (see section 7.4.3 ).
the procedures how to calculate the delay switch positions automatically.
The delay switch calculation tool eases the calculation of the delay switch positions.
Both methods are described in the next sections.
Measure the lengths of the cables between the transmitter and each radiator.
cable signal delay per meter. These are the cable signal delays for each radiator.
Determine the maximum signal delay.
Calculate for each radiator the signal delay difference with the maximum signal delay.
Set the delay switches to the calculated switch positions.
Figure 7.3 and Table 7.1 illustrate the calculation of the cable signal delay.
this calculation as specified by the manufacturer.
Disconnect a radiator from this cable.
are connected to the same transmitter output.
11. Set the delay switches to the calculated delay switch positions.
calculated delay switch positions will be the most accurate.
Transmission from master transmitter to slave transmitter (cable signal delay).
Transmission through the slave transmitter.
the same way as for cables between a transmitter and a radiator.
the slave transmitter itself: 33 ns. This gives the master-to-slave signal delay.
Add the master-to-slave signal delay to each radiator connected to the slave transmitter.
Set the delay switches to the calculated delay switch positions.
master to slave transmitter can be ignored.
Figure 7.5, Table 7.1, Table 7.3 and Table 7.4 illustrate the calculation of the extra masterslave signal delay.
test tone frequency will be transmitted.
Test all positions and directions (see next paragraph).
received carrier signal is indicated on the display of the receiver (see section 9.3.2 ).
between 00 and 39 (good reception).
and test the reception quality at every position where the infra-red signals must be received.
obstacles such as a column, an overhanging balcony or other large objects.
blocking obstacle or add an extra radiator to cover the shaded area.
reflectively can also cause multipath problems.
the problem and/or add an extra radiator.
possible to completely avoid multi path effects.
(see section 7.2.7 ) and re-check the reception.
see also section 7.2.2 .
transmitter, before it is sent to the receivers.
not be changed and the level indicator is not visible.
-31 ... 0 dB the monitoring headphone output.
of the inputs is being changed.
between carriers by using the channel selector.
Merit(FOM), and a graphical quality indication symbol.
Good reception. Very good audio quality.
Weak reception. Ticks in the audio.
No or bad reception. Poor audio quality.
The test mode is deactivated when the receiver is switched off.
received carrier signal is indicated on the display of the receiver (see section 8.2 ).
and test the reception quality at every position where the infrared signals must be received.
The receiver picks-up IR signals from two radiators which cancel out each other.
reflectively can also cause black spots.
Black spots can occur in case a transmitter is located in the same room as the radiators.
value and that a switch is not accidentally positioned between two numbers.
radiators that cause the problem and/or add an extra radiator.
possible to completely avoid black spots.
fault message (see section 9.1.3 ).
Aux inputs on all channels.
the transmitter (see section 7.2.13 ).
Audio signals are distributed on nn channels.
radiator signal on the slave input is loopedthrough to all radiator outputs.
The transmitter is in stand by mode.
fault in the optical network.
also disappear when the fault has been resolved.
the level indicator is not visible.
information should be mentioned in service requests or failure reports.
software of the transmitter board.
protection mode. See section 11.1 .
IRED panel failure. See section 11.1 .
has been set on the transmitter (see section 7.2.4 ).
conference room), the receiver | 1,835 |
Corwin M. Nixon (March 5, 1913 – November 6, 2003) was an American politician.
Political life
Born one mile south of Red Lion, Ohio, Nixon was best known as an Ohio politician from Lebanon, Ohio. He served as Warren County Commissioner from 1950–1962, and was then elected to the Ohio House of Representatives in 1962, a post he maintained for 30 years until his retirement in 1992. Nixon rose to Minority Leader of the Republican Party in the Ohio House, holding the position longer than any other minority Leader from 1979-1992.
Much of Corwin's status stemmed from his close relationship to Ohio House Speaker Vern Riffe. In 1988, Riffe was quoted by The Cincinnati Enquirer as saying, "I don't have any brother. Corwin is how I look at a brother I never had." His relationship with Speaker Riffe, a Democrat, caused some consternation with the conservative wing of the Republican members of the Ohio House, however, his relationship gave him tremendous influence as a Republican.
Personal life
Nixon also had a passion for Standardbred horse racing. He was manager and part owner of Lebanon Race<|fim_middle|>win M. Nixon Bridge, Franklin, Ohio.
Corwin M. Nixon Aquatic Center, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 1994.
Board of Trustees Bethesda Hospital and Grandview Hospitals,
Corwin M. Nixon Health Center, Lebanon, Ohio October 30, 2008.
Corwin M. Nixon Community Health Center, Dayton, Ohio.
Ohio University Phillips Award, for his role in establishing the Ohio University School of Osteopathic Medicine.
References
People from Warren County, Ohio
1913 births
2003 deaths
Republican Party members of the Ohio House of Representatives
20th-century American politicians
United States Harness Racing Hall of Fame inductees | way in Lebanon, Ohio, a breeder, trainer and driver. He was inducted into the Harness Racing Museum & Hall of Fame in Goshen, New York. in 1992, and the Little Brown Jug Wall of Fame in 1994. He also served as president of the United States Trotting Association.
Awards and honors
Ohio Harness Racing Hall of Fame.
Honorary Doctor of Law, Ohio University.
Ohio State Fair Hall of Fame, 1980.
Corwin M. Nixon Aviation Facility, Great Oaks Joint Vocational School, 1986.
Corwin M. Nixon Covered Bridge, Waynesville, Ohio, 1982.
Corwin M. Nixon Park, Mason, Ohio.
Cor | 157 |
Articles written by David Stevens
Sorted by date Results 1 - 25 of 210
By David Stevens - Staff Voices January 22, 2020
When Tucumcari hosted a celebrity bowler
Temperatures hovered near zero. Visibility was about the same. Actor Jimmy Stewart was flying the first plane he'd ever owned from Kansas City to Los Angeles when he had to set it down at Tucumcari....
Police really are the good guys most of the time
Occasionally, it's hard to tell the good guys from the bad guys. Recent allegations about local law enforcement officers stealing cash from criminal suspects is a good example. But as troubling as those incidents are, it's encouraging to learn...
A look back when nearly the entire police force quit
I collect historical tidbits that interest me from area newspapers. Here are a few from Januarys past: • Jan. 7, 1941: "Bales and bales of hay" had been moved into Clovis' Armory for members of two National Guard units staying there. "The...
By David Stevens News January 15, 2020
Police detective charged with embezzling
CLOVIS — A Clovis police detective has been charged with embezzling $166 from a man he arrested in June. Francisco Hernandez, 33, faces misdemeanor charges of embezzlement and tampering with evidence, court records show. Records show Hernandez is s... Full story
Region still making stars in pro rodeo
Eastern New Mexico and our Texas neighbors have produced some of the world's greatest athletes. Hank Baskett (2006-2010) and Jerry Nuzum (1948-1951) played pro football. Bubba Jennings was a major college basketball star (Naismith Award winner in...
By David Stevens - Staff Voices January 8, 2020
Remembering cowboys from 35 years ago
Just 21, newly married, he wasn't quite 6-foot tall and he wasn't close to 150 pounds. Lane Frost loved riding bulls. The Pro Rodeo official media guide in 1985 gave us a glimpse of his passion for...
60 years ago: 'Mr Tapp got shot'
Three 12-year-old girls were putting air in their bicycle tires early that Sunday evening. Then the Texaco service station attendant told them they needed to leave. As they were riding away, a shot rang out. "Mr. Tapp got shot," Kathy Wilkinson...
By David Stevens - Staff Voices December 18, 2019
Plenty to remember about Gov. Mabry
On Dec. 28, 1950, the Clovis News-Journal's front page featured two noteworthy stories: the retirement of New Mexico Gov. Thomas Mabry and the death of a man who claimed he was Billy the Kid. Mabry...
Something obvious: Both political parties are out of control
The House Judiciary Committee on Friday adopted two articles of impeachment against President Trump, as expected. Republicans called it a kangaroo court, as expected. Even some Trump supporters agree it's clear the president threatened to withhold...
How about a Grafonola for Christmas?
Clovis was the happening place for Christmas shoppers 100 years ago today. That was the top story in The Clovis News on Dec. 11, 1919. "People have traveled a greater distance to trade at Clovis this fall than ever before," the story read....
By David Stevens - Staff Voices December 4, 2019
A look back at Decembers past
I collect historical tidbits that interest me from area newspapers. Here are a few from Decembers past: • Dec. 1, 1971: Tucumcari District Attorney Vic Breen was shot to death outside his home by a mental patient Breen helped commit<|fim_middle|> city commissioners, Please don't rob us. We get it. This is for a really good cause — funding the development of the interim groundwater portion of the Eastern New Mexico Rural Water System. We can't live without water. And we're...
A look back at New Mexico's baseball players
The World Series began this week in Houston with the Astros hosting the Washington Nationals. That makes today a good day to look at eastern New Mexico ballplayers who appeared in the Fall Classic. This won't be a long story. The Baseball Almanac...
ENMU should try planning to avoid 'exigent' situations
We've all heard the term before. Police sometimes use "exigent circumstances" as a reason to enter someone's home without permission or a warrant. According to a legal definition cited in a 1984 court case, those are "circumstances that wou...
1964 fire featured exploding paint cans
Flames shot an estimated 100 feet in the air. Smoke could be seen 25 miles away. Firefighters had to watch out for falling power lines and for paint cans that "exploded and rocketed out of the main building," the Clovis News-Journal reported....
By David Stevens - Staff Voices October 9, 2019
That time Audie Murphy had business in town
Audie Murphy was perhaps America's greatest war hero and one of its most decorated soldiers. After World War II his fame grew through his acting career. He starred alongside James Stewart and Sandra Dee in movies that included "Night Passage...
Supporting alcohol measure on ballot is vote for freedom
Voters in Curry and Roosevelt counties are being asked whether alcohol sales should be permitted in the unincorporated areas of the counties. Let's hope they approve. Yes votes don't mean alcohol is good. Yes votes mean private business owners...
Octobers past: Grady gunfight, folk singer gone
I collect historical tidbits that interest me from area newspapers. Here are a few from Octobers past: • Oct. 2, 1933: Coleman De Laney, a 26-year-old farmer, was shot and killed outside the post office in Grady. Officials said De Laney and his...
By David Stevens - Staff Voices September 25, 2019
Looking for Lopes, and his WWII story
The man's name was apparently Lopes. He seemed to have World War II ties to Company L, Second Division, Saipan, Tarawa, and Clovis, N.M. At least that's what was carved on the sheath of his knife,... | to the state...
By David Stevens - Staff Voices November 27, 2019
Good day to remember Clovis' namesake
We're pretty sure the city of Clovis was named for a Frankish king named Clovis. There is no known documentation to prove this theory, but there's plenty of anecdotal evidence. An Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe document in 1906 provided a...
After $75 million, it's too late to back out of water project
Curry County commissioners decided last week to withdraw from the Eastern New Mexico Water Utility Authority. Of course it's complicated, but mostly it feels like another example of why you can't trust government. Government doesn't even trust...
Stormy weather this way comes
Weather forecasters on Monday began warning about "two significant storm systems" expected to bring widespread rain — and possibly 40-mph winds — to eastern New Mexico today and Thursday. The phrase "significant storm systems" tends to...
Whatever happened to that airline?
Carol Nash has a question. The Clovis woman perhaps best known as the pronouncer at local spelling bees for years is also the granddaughter of a Quay County newspaper publisher and a regional history...
Public outrage inspires Clovis to get creative
Of course you can fight City Hall. Clovis residents proved last week you can even win, sometimes. OK, let's call it a moral victory. City commissioners, no doubt alarmed at the community outrage over another tax increase, came up with a plan...
By David Stevens - Staff Voices November 3, 2019
Clovis' Rizzo could really hit
Today is a good day to remember former Clovis Pioneers second baseman Phil Rizzo. Stay with me here. Washington Nationals General Manager Mike Rizzo is front and center in the baseball world. That's because of his old-school approach as an...
By David Stevens - Staff Voices October 27, 2019
Prioritizing would be more responsible than raising taxes
Dear Clovis | 420 |
U.S. ranks No. 1 for ICOs,<|fim_middle|>, CEO of CFC, said in a statement. "This research is a great resource for the next generation of projects. It helps us understand which countries are embracing blockchain and crypto, and how."
The study also noted that a number of countries are working hard to put in place regulations that would encourage more ICOs. These include Estonia, which was home to four of the top 100 ICOs, and Russia, which had six. | followed by Switzerland and Singapore
Chris O'Brien@obrien
As initial coin offerings continue to explode, a new study found that the U.S. has become the leading territory for such deals, despite a murky regulatory picture.
According to a report released today by the Crypto Finance Conference, 30 of the 100 largest ICOs were held by companies based in the U.S. Switzerland was home to 15, followed by Singapore with 11.
"ICOs continue to gain momentum. They raised $6.3 billion in the first quarter of 2018 — more than was raised in all of 2017," Andrea-Franco Stöhr | 141 |
Home › Newsroom › Opinion Editorials › 2012 › February › Opinion Editorial-McClatchy-Tribune Information Services-"Manufacturing, exporting showing growth"
Opinion Editorial-McClatchy-Tribune Information Services-"Manufacturing, exporting showing growth<|fim_middle|>.
Let's put aside politics and do everything we can to build on the signs of strength we are seeing in the economy. If we're successful, we will ensure that America's future is indeed built to last. | "
Over the last month, I have met with manufacturers who make everything from carbon-fiber products to advanced batteries. It is great to hear stories of American businesses that are building things here, and selling their products everywhere.
The best part is, they are creating jobs.
Of the 257,000 private-sector jobs created last month, 50,000 were in manufacturing. During the last two years, more than 400,000 manufacturing jobs have been created - the biggest jump since the 1990s.
We need to build on this momentum and make sure that every American worker who wants a job can find a job.
The president's new federal budget supports this in a number of ways.
Exports are a great example. U.S. exports grew by 14.5 percent in 2011 to a record $2.1 trillion. This keeps America on track to reach our National Export Initiative goal of doubling exports by the end of 2014.
Under the new 2013 budget, we will ensure that more American businesses - both large and small - have the tools and the connections they need to sell their goods and services in fast-growing international markets. That's important, because 95 percent of the world's consumers don't live in the United States.
And these are good jobs. Export-related jobs pay about 13 percent to 18 percent more than the national average.
We also need to encourage more investment in the United States. Many CEOs are seeing increasing value in America's cutting-edge research, strong supply chains and talented workforce.
The president and I recently met with some CEOs of American businesses who are bringing jobs back to the United States - a trend we call "in-sourcing." We need to see more of that.
At the same time, we also will work to attract more investment from foreign companies. That's why the Commerce Department - through an initiative called SelectUSA - is training more commercial service officers in countries around the world to promote America as the best place for companies to put their facilities and to hire workers. The 2013 budget gives a significant boost to SelectUSA.
Beyond exports and investment, there are common-sense steps we can take to help businesses create jobs here at home, too. For example, we need to stop giving tax breaks to companies that ship jobs overseas and start providing more incentives to businesses that keep jobs here.
Our tax code currently isn't working like that. Under the new budget, it will.
Looking to the future, the federal budget will support fast-growing fields like advanced manufacturing. The new budget includes $2.2 billion overall for advanced manufacturing research and development, a 19 percent increase over 2012. This is a critical investment to help America stay at the cutting-edge and drive innovation in the 21st century.
And finally, with millions of Americans out of work, we shouldn't have the problem of good jobs going unfilled. Today, too many employers - including many manufacturers - simply can't find the right people with the right skill sets. The new budget proposes a new Community College to Career Fund that will help forge partnerships between community colleges and businesses to train 2 million workers for good-paying jobs in high-growth and high-demand industries, including advanced manufacturing.
I strongly believe that when American manufacturers - and all American businesses - are given a fair shot, they can compete, they can win, and they can create jobs. That's what the administration has been focused on for the last three years - and our commitment is stronger today than ever | 737 |
Incredible rescue of threatened turtle stranded thousands of miles from home (PHOTOS)
LONGVIEW, Wash. (AP) — A young sea turtle roughed up by chilly, choppy waters off the coast of Washington state is making a strong recovery in Oregon.
"Solstice" was found on the beach near the north end of the Long Beach Peninsula on Dec. 21, the winter solstice. The female olive ridley turtle was dehydrated, and her body temperature was about 15 degrees below the typical 75 degrees<|fim_middle|> and is stronger than many turtles the Aquarium has received in the past," said Jim Burke, the Aquarium's Director of Animal Husbandry.
Erin Paxton of the Oregon Coast Aquarium tells The Daily News of Longview that during storms, warm currents sometimes carry sea turtles into the colder northern latitudes. As the warm water dissipates, the turtles get hypothermic.
Paxton says the aquarium has in the past released sea turtles near San Diego. Federal authorities must approve any release of Solstice.
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Olive ridley turtles are typically found in tropical waters from Peru to California.
The U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service transferred the turtle to the Oregon Coast Aquarium in Newport. The aquarium is one of the few facilities in the Northwest able to provide the specialized care this animal requires.
At this point, the aquarists caring for Solstice are cautiously hopeful for her recovery.
"Initial blood tests indicated that she had no sign of infection | 88 |
This interview was conducted during a guest teaching visit to Spokane Public<|fim_middle|> unstoppable force, a real generator of greatness in their chosen field.
Includes a video interview with Lauren Woodman, General Manager Worldwide Education Programs at Microsoft. | Schools in January 2014.
Guest blog post written for www.GettingSmart.com on January 15, 2014.
In this blog post, I explain why great educational systems should be patterned after great classrooms.
In this guest blog post for Larry Ferlazzo's (of EdWeek) blog, I talk about how to respond to bad days at work.
After visiting with the Finley School District staff, the following article appeared in the Tri-City Herald.
The following entry is a guest-post from Jeff Charbonneau, 2013 National Teacher of the Year, 2013 Washington State Teacher, NBCT, and Chemistry, Physics and Engineering Teacher from Zillah HS.
"National teacher of the year helps kick off school year".
"We hear a lot these days about certain people having "The X Factor" – that non-specific set of special somethings that makes them an | 191 |
Maruti pins hopes on festive season for demand revival
The Country's Largest Car Maker Maruti Suzuki India Is Pinning Hopes On The Festive Season For A Turnaround In The Auto Industry Irrespective Of Government Help Forthcoming Or Not, According To A Senior Company Official.
News Nation Bureau | Edited By : Assem Sharma | Updated on: 24 Aug 2019, 08:16:30 PM
With some of the factors responsible for the slowdown in auto sales such as concern over monsoon and elections behind, the company is hopeful that revival in demand especially from rural markets and peak<|fim_middle|> and Rs 10.36 lakh while the automatic versions are tagged at Rs 10.89 lakh and Rs 11.46 lakh respectively. It comes with six seat configurations with captain seats in second row.
(With inputs from PTI)
For all the Latest Auto News News, Cars News, Download News Nation Android and iOS Mobile Apps.
First Published : 24 Aug 2019, 08:16:30 PM
Maruti Suzuki Diwali Discount | discounts along with new model launches will play a crucial role converting inquiries into real purchases.
"We are not going to speculate on whether or not the government will provide some extra relief to the industry ... how much or how little it would be or when, now or later, will it be...What we are trying to do is to be more constructive in our approach," Maruti Suzuki India Executive Director, Marketing and Sales Shashank Srivastava told PTI in an interview here.
The auto industry has been asking the government for reduction of GST on automobiles to 18 per cent from 28 per cent as part of a stimulus package.
Srivastava said instead of waiting for government steps, the company is focusing on what it can do to revive demand by bringing new models and also providing attractive offers to consumers.
"We have launched the XL6 and we will continue to introduce new models. We will have another model coming up later," he said.
Stating that the company is focusing on retail sales, Srivastava said, "We have focused on consumer offers which are at a peak. This is the best time to buy."
Discounts in August will be slightly higher than what MSI had in the first quarter of the fiscal, he added without elaborating.
Moreover, he said,"We are advertising with the same vigour as before."
With all those actions, he said, "We are hopeful that this festival season it will turn around."
Elaborating on why MSI is hopeful of a turn around this festive season, Srivastava said some uncertainty like monsoon and election that were also responsible for sales drop earlier in the year have gone.
Also, the government has sought to address to an extent the liquidity issues associated with NBFCs by allowing banks to lend more to these financial institutions in the budget, he added.
Moreover, Srivastava said, "We are also confident because of the number of inquiries at showrooms."
The key is to convert those inquiries into purchases, he added.
When asked if there's light at the end of the tunnel for the auto industry, Srivastava said, "MSI as a company, we are very optimistic that there is this light. How far it is the question. It is better to answer that, a better estimate after we see this festive season, end of October."
This festive season is very critical and the industry is looking forward to it, he said.
Automobile sales in India witnessed its sharpest decline in nearly 19 years in July, dropping 18.71 per cent, rendering almost 15,000 workers jobless over the past two-three months as the sector reels under a prolonged slump.
Passenger vehicle sales slumped by 30.98 per cent to 2,00,790 units as compared with 2,90,931 units in the same month last year. It was the ninth month of consecutive decline.
Recently, Maruti Suzuki launched its much-awaited multi-purpose vehicle (MPV) XL6 at a price starting from Rs 9.79 lakh to Rs 11.46 (ex-showroom, Delhi).
Maruti Suzuki XL6 comes with a BS-VI compliant K15 petrol engine along with Smart Hybrid technology. It will be offered across two variant levels with a choice of manual and automatic transmissions. The premium MPV will be powered by a BSVI compliant 1.5-litre K15B Smart Hybrid petrol engine that will deliver 105 hp and 138 Nm of torque. It will be offered with manual as well as automatic transmission options.
Manual trims are priced at Rs 9.79 lakh | 761 |
Barrett-Jackson Scottsdale Sales Top $105 Million
Photo: Barrett-Jackson
Scottsdale, AZ – Led by the $5.5 million sale of Carroll Shelby's personal<|fim_middle|>30s Ford V8 Neon Porcelain Sign ($80,500); and 1960s Ferrari Automobiles Porcelain Sign ($67,850). | 1966 Shelby Cobra 427 Super Snake and a 1967 Ferrari 275 GTB/4 that sold for $2.475 million, Barrett-Jackson closed a successful week-long auction in Scottsdale Saturday (March 27) that set more than 95 world-record sales.
In total, 1,054 vehicles sold for over $95 million, and more than 1,000 pieces of automobilia brought in over $4.4 million. Another $5.8 million was raised for charity through the sale of eight VIN 001 and first production vehicles, along with a 2003 Chevrolet Monte Carlo NASCAR race car, bringing the total auction sales to more than $105 million with a 100% sell-through rate and over 95 world-record auction sales.
— 1966 Shelby Cobra 427 Super Snake: $5.5 million
— 1967 Ferrari 275 GTB/4: $2.475 million
— 2018 Ford GT '67 Heritage Edition: $1.210 million
— 2017 Ford GT: $990,000
— 1965 Shelby GT350: $962,500
— 1959 Chevrolet Corvette Custom Convertible: $825,000
— 2020 Ferrari 488 Pista: $467,500
— 1963 Chevrolet Corvette Custom Split-Window Coupe: $451,000
The top five automobilia pieces sold were: Sinclair Oil 1964 New York World's Fair Mold-A-Rama Machine ($115,000); 1960 Sinclair Oil Porcelain With Animated Neon Sign ($115,000); 1957 Mobil Oil Left-Facing Pegasus Porcelain Sign With Animated Neon ($86,250); 19 | 444 |
I would like to take this opportunity to welcome you to the New Milford Police Department website. The New Milford Police Department is a highly professional organization that is dedicated to working with the community and achieving excellence<|fim_middle|> within the framework of the United States and Connecticut Constitutions and statutes. To enforce the laws equitably, preserve peace, reduce fear, and provide for a safe environment for all our citizens. | in all that we do. We strive to enhance the overall quality of life, reduce the fear of crime and ensure a peaceful, safe environment for all members of our community. We will fulfill these goals by employing a wide range of strategies, to include, collaborating with the community to identify and creatively solve problems. As an organization and as individuals, we are continuously seeking ways to improve our ability to provide the high quality police services that the community expects and deserves.
I am honored to be Chief of New Milford's finest and I pledge that we will continually strive to treat everyone with respect, compassion and dignity. If the New Milford Police Department can be of any assistance to you, please stop by or call at any time.
The Mission of the New Milford Police Department is to enhance the quality of life in our community by working cooperatively with the public and | 173 |
Home Governments Nigeria: Fereral Govt Currently Reviewing Agricultural Policy, Says Minister
Nigeria: Fereral Govt Currently Reviewing Agricultural Policy, Says Minister
The Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development (FMARD), Alhaji Muhammad Sabo Nanono has revealed that the federal government is currently reviewing the nation's agricultural policy.
This, according to him, would help revitalise existing agricultural policies in order to meet the needs and aspirations of President Muhammadu Buhari in diversifying the economy, using agriculture as a driving force.
Nanono, stated this in a statement issued by the Director, Information (FMARD), Ezeaja Ikemefuna, at the inauguration of the Centre for Dryland Agriculture Farm (CDA) and Agri- Business Incubation Centre in Bayero University, Kano State.
Speaking during the ceremony, Nanono noted that the mnistry was aware of the achievements recorded by the CDA since its inception in 2012.
He said such achievements would not have been possible without the tremendous support from the university's management and staff.
Nanono, however stressed that the nation was proud that the centre emerged as one of the best 22 African Centres of Excellence across the West and Central Africa.
"It is worth noting that<|fim_middle|>.africanharvesters.com
Liberia Anti-Corruption Commission Investigates Ministry of Agriculture Liberia (MOAL) key officials
Kenyan Cane farmers welcome Sh1.5bn stimulus package for sugar sector
Ghana: Govt Grants Relief Package to Rice Farmers in Kadjebi | the competences and the experiences gained by this Centre over the years informed his decision to include its leadership to be among the team of experts that are currently developing the new Agricultural policy and strategic plan for the country.
"Value chain approach to reposition the sector through implementing policy instruments for enterprise development across successive stages of the commodity Value chains was commendable and assured that the strategy would further enhance the development of the crops, livestock and fishery sub sectors," he said.
On the CDA, Nanono urged institutions like Worldbank, BUK, and others to support the ministry in building human capacity in land and water management, livelihoods and natural resources management at the regional and national levels, adding that it will help in combating the Global Climate Change and its effect on Agricultural productivity.
"The centre must be focus on building the capacity of women, youth and small- scale farmers in modern agriculture through generating and communicating appropriate technologies and innovations capable of enhancing Agricultural productivity and income."
The Director, Centre for Dryland Agriculture, Prof Jirbrin Mohammed said, "under the new ACE IMPACT Project, the CDA plans to establish a Regional innovation, training and Entrepreneurship Accelerator (RITEA), where the Youth will be trained in modern intensive agriculture (both in field and in protected environments) and bioresource Entrepreneurship ".
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http://www | 317 |
Let's introduce you to another of our amazing contributors this year – local wool champion, Louise Spong!
You may well be familiar with Louise as she is no stranger to Wovember, having been interviewed and provided us with some Wovember Words once or<|fim_middle|> to be a journey of discovery and creativity.
Woolness for me is all about making: making connections with people and places, making material, tangible items, and in my own small way making a difference. Our world is what we make it. Woolness has also come to mean learning to truly respect and appreciate all that goes into making woollen yarn: from the shepherd, the sheep, the environment, the processing of fleece to fibre and of course culminating in the work of those of us who love to create with andwear wool.
Louise's posts are indeed going to take you a trip around Sussex to meet shepherds (both literary and actual), people creating with wool and benefiting the wellbeing of the community and people working to restore the natural habitats of the chalk grasslands of Sussex. You are going to learn such a lot from her this week and you too will be bowled over my her enthusiasm and love for her local area and local wool.
Thank you so much, Louise, for agreeing to curate a week of posts of Wool, Wellness and Locale and for being such a wonderful supporter of Wovember.
You can find Louise's website at www.southdownsyarn.co.uk; she is also on Instagram as @Louise_SDY and Twitter as @southdownsyarn. | twice. Of course, many of you will be more acquainted with Louise as the founder of Southdowns Yarns, single flock, single breed yarns from the South Downs.
Louise and I (The Other Louise) have had a good few cracking emails going between our inboxes over the last year on the topic of WOOL. Louise's love of place – namely the South Downs – of the land, the animals and the people of that place is inextricably linked to the work she does and her yarns speak chapter and verse of these. When Felix and I were discussing this year's theme we felt strongly that Louise would have incredible stories to tell us about wool, wellness and place. We were delighted that she accepted the challenge with aplomb.
By way of an introduction, here is Louise.
Hello, I'm Louise Spong. I live in Sussex, and my local, native breed is the Southdown sheep. I became keenly interested in wool about ten years ago when I wanted to knit using local-to-me wool and could not find any for sale. This desire led me to take the first few tentative steps in what has become, and continues | 238 |
Measure: Percent of credit hours (not students) attempted in the first<|fim_middle|> cohort, which were successfully completed. | (fall) term by the cohort, which were successfully completed.
NOTE: This is not a student based measure; it is a measure of credit hours.
Measure: Percent of students who were enrolled in the first, fall term and were still enrolled in the next full academic term2.
Denominator: 1) initial fall 2009 two‐year cohort; and 2) the credential seeking subcohort of the fall 2009 two‐year cohort.
2For colleges that follow a semester schedule, "next full academic term" would be spring term and for colleges that follow a quarter schedule this would be winter term.
Measure: Percent of students who successfully reached semester credit hours (or the equivalent) thresholds (24 for part-time and 42 for full-time) by the end of the second academic year; credit hours should include both developmental education and college level coursework. Full and part time status is determined in the first fall term only, not current enrollment status.
3 For this metric capturing credit accumulation, all credits earned based on institutional practice are to be counted regardless of the grade the student received for the credits. This would include credits given for a course in which the student earns a "D" or for the credits earned after a student gets a grade for a former "I" (Incomplete) in a course. IMPORTANT: This is different than the "successful" course completion criteria of "C" or better. The intention is that college transcripts or data systems should easily be able to calculate credits accumulated, and that is what should be reported. ALSO: College credits earned prior to high school completion (e.g. dual enrollment credits) should be included if available.
Measure: Percent of students who have completed a formal award.
Denominator: 1) initial fall 2010 two-year cohort; and 2) the credential seeking sub-cohort of the fall 2010 two-year cohort.
Measure: Percent of students who transferred (to a 2-year or 4-year institution), but did not earn a formal award.
Measure: Percent of students enrolled year two.
Measure: Percent of credit hours (not students) attempted during the first two academic years by the | 451 |
Not all mothers identify strongly with motherhood, just as not all mothers give the birth of their child much thought after the fact.
However, for a large number of women, bir<|fim_middle|> that may have arose as a result of her birth experience.
How are her feelings of self-worth?
Does she have feelings of success or empowerment?
Does she have feelings of inadequacy or failure?
Is she facing any postpartum PTSD, postpartum depression, anxiety, or depression as a result of the birth experience?
Some births are traumatic: scary life or death situations in which the woman or her baby's life are in danger. However, a birth doesn't have to be a medical life-threatening emergency in order to be traumatic — many factors and each woman's unique lense will make it out to be the experience it is for each.
Discrimination based on race, economic, ethnic or educational background, gender nonconformity, age, HIV status, marital status, etc.
Each of the above represent a violation of human rights, including right to freedom from discrimination, right to information, right to reproductive autonomy, etc.
It is very possible that some of your clients will have encountered instances of obstetric violence. By being informed that such a phenomenon exists you are already helping in some way.
For some women it can be very helpful and comforting to know they are understood in the pain they have endured and that others believe and grasp the gravity of the situation. You may not be able to take away the pain of how your client was treated, but by understanding this term and what it means you may help lessen her suffering.
The work starts with you, coach: before you even think about asking a woman about her birth experiences, check in with yourself and make sure you are ready to receive all that may come your way.
Will you be ready to listen and hold space if the story turns for the worst?
Are you prepared to be present in case the story describes miscarriage, stillbirth or infant loss?
Can you remain receptive and compassionate to the potential of birth trauma playing a role in her current life?
Are you ready for nitty-gritty details, perhaps the kind that most people would find highly personal, embarrassing, shameful or "TMI"?
Will you be OK with women who choose not to disclose any information at all and refuse to talk about the topic with you?
Do you have referral information at hand in case she could benefit from seeing a professional, i.e. a counselor, therapist, pelvic floor physio, or other specialist?
Above all, are you ready to remain judgment-free for the women who share their stories?
Some of the things they will describe may conflict with your own personal values and beliefs; but this isn't about you and what you would have done in their situation. This is about them and their story.
Your only role as a coach is to honor the information shared and find the best ways to help your client in the measures available to you.
What we are looking for are clues and insights. This includes physical symptoms that may impact her training, of course, but also mental state around the event and emotional processing of what happened, since all of it could play a role in how she relates to her body now.
We cannot say this enough: when going down the path of something as deeply personal and potentially triggering as childbirth, you must first and foremost come equipped with your utmost empathy and compassion.
Tears may flow as these narratives take over; some will be happy tears, others will not.
Don't be afraid of being human and letting your own feelings show — often this display of shared humanity is exactly what our clients need in order to feel seen and heard.
Talking with our women clients about their births can shed light into important physical, mental and emotional insights about them, which are very valuable to us as wellness professionals.
Aside from how this knowledge can be applied in our practice for her benefit, by giving them a space where to share their birth stories, which are often intimate and deeply personal, we are also fostering profound connection and meaningful, long-lasting relationships. | thing a baby is one of the most transformative moments of their life: it is when a new part of their identity is revealed, that of becoming someone's mother.
Birth itself is a process that can be physically demanding, exhilarating, unnerving, joyous, heartbreaking, life-changing, frustrating, happy, unpredictable, empowering, and so much more! There are as many descriptions of birth as there are mothers on the planet.
Women make up to 75 percent of all training clients and, in the U.S. alone, 85 percent of all women will be pregnant at some point in their lives.
As a coach and trainer, if you work with women, it is extremely likely you will have at least a few women clients who have given birth.
One aspect of being a mother that isn't as readily discussed yet in Western society is how the act of birth itself can impact a woman.
Birth story refers to the recounting a woman does of the birth of her child. In this narrative she may describe not only the medical and physical processes, but also her feelings, her thoughts, the challenges she faced, from her own unique perspective.
Some birth stories are hilarious! Others are heart-wrenching. There is no right or wrong birth story — they each serve a multitude of purposes, out of which the most important might be helping the mother contemplate and make sense of the experience she has gone through.
Storytelling has been an essential thread in the fabric of humanity for as long as humanity has existed.
Across millennia, through stories, humans have passed on teachings, lessons and cultural identity, and fostered community, bonding, communication, and survival. This may explain why many women volunteer their birth stories as soon as they found out their friend is pregnant, or why birth stories abound each time mothers of young children unite, such as in infant playgroups.
Community, bonding, communication, survival — the very fabric of humanity at work!
If you tend to compartmentalize clients' lives and assume that other areas of their life do not directly impact the training and coaching you do with them… we've got news for you!
Did your client visit a pelvic floor specialist at any point after the birth?
Ideally every woman client who has been pregnant or has given birth should visit a pelvic health physiotherapist and be cleared for exercise.
Does she have any scar tissue, pelvic floor or core issues, dysfunction, incontinence, diastasis recti, pain, or discomfort?
If existent, the factors above will come into play as you design a program for your client, and will need to be taken into consideration during training sessions.
Is she nervous, hesitant or fearful to try certain movements in the gym?
If so, you can probably imagine this will directly impact the work you do together.
What does she think about herself as a result of her birth experience?
Think of a client who perceives themselves as a failure. Now think of one who holds a can-do attitude. How she thinks of herself will surely have an impact on how your training experience goes, and birth can be one reason why this self-perception is altered, either positively or negatively.
What does she think about her body, its abilities and disabilities, its potential, its strength or lack thereof?
Similar to the point above, the experience of giving birth and how a woman internalizes the process can play a big part in how she views what her body is capable of accomplishing.
How is she coping with her physical and mental recovery?
If there are follow up appointments, physical therapy to pursue, how is she managing the follow-up work with a newborn (or, potentially, with the grief of loss) in tow?
How is she coping with what happened or was done during the birth?
It is often said "At least you have a healthy baby!" in response to a woman's difficult emotions toward how the birth played out. This is dismissive and reduces her entire person to one outcome.
Of course women want healthy babies, that goes without saying! But this doesn't mean your client doesn't get the right to voice and work through any feelings of anger, frustration, disrespect, sadness, or despair | 844 |
Apple is now facing an antitrust investigation in Germany
By Ryan Daws | 21st June 2021 | TechForge Media
Categories: App Stores, Developer, iOS, Platforms,
Germany's competition watchdog, the Bundeskartellamt, has announced the launch of its own antitrust investigation into Apple's practices.
Apple will now face yet another probe into its oft-criticised "walled garden"<|fim_middle|> increasing scrutiny from watchdogs around the world, but none have taken any definitive action. We'll keep you posted on any developments.
(Photo by Christian Wiediger on Unsplash)
Want to learn about DevOps from leaders in the space? Check out the DevOps-as-a-Service Summit, taking place on October 7 2021, where attendees will learn about the benefits of building collaboration and partnerships in delivery.
Tags: antitrust, app store, apple, bundeskartellamt, competition, ecosystem, eu, europe, featured, germany, ios, mobile, regulation
One comment on "Apple is now facing an antitrust investigation in Germany"
ERC20 Token Development on July 20th, 2021 - 12:35pm | and whether it abuses its market position with unfair policies.
"An ecosystem which extends across various markets may be an indication that a company holds such a position," the Bundeskartellamt said. "It is often very difficult for other companies to challenge such a position of power."
While the watchdog doesn't specifically say what action may be taken against Apple if it's found guilty of anti-competitive behaviour, the Bundeskartellamt could make use of the 10th amendment to the German Competition Act, which came into force in January.
This 10th amendment to the legislation gives the Bundeskartellamt the power to intervene against digital firms engaging in anti-competitive practices.
While most of Apple's services will be included in the probe, the watchdog says that "a main focus of the investigations will be on the operation of the App Store as it enables Apple in many ways to influence the business activities of third parties."
A class-action lawsuit filed in the UK last month wants to force Apple to compensate users for potentially inflated app prices.
Until recently, Apple took a 30 percent commission on all app sales. Most app developers feel the cut is unjustifiable and critics believe that it's an abuse of Apple's market dominance.
iOS developers have been forced to inflate their prices to compensate for Apple's cut.
The fundamental problem for us is the lack of choice," wrote Basecamp CEO Jason Fried in a letter last year. "And Phil Schiller's suggestion that we should raise prices on iOS customers to make up for Apple's added margin is antitrust gold."
However, it's not just the App Store that Germany's watchdog is probing.
The Bundeskartellamt claims that it's received multiple complaints about Apple's practices, including from the advertising industry following the introduction of the feature in iOS 14.5 which allows users to opt-out of targeted tracking.
Another focus of the probe will be to investigate whether Apple's pre-installed apps, like Apple Music, disadvantages competing firms.
Andreas Mundt, President of the Bundeskartellamt, said:
"In addition to manufacturing various hardware products, the tech company also offers the App Store, iCloud, AppleCare, Apple Music, Apple Arcade, Apple TV+ as well as other services as part of its services business.
Besides assessing the company's position in these areas, we will, among other aspects, examine its extensive integration across several market levels, the magnitude of its technological and financial resources and its access to data."
One rival, Spotify, has previously complained about Apple's practices. In response to Spotify's complaint, and one allegedly filed by e-book reader Kobo, the EU Commission opened its own antitrust investigation against Apple last year.
Executive Vice-President Margrethe Vestager, in charge of competition policy, said at the time:
"Mobile applications have fundamentally changed the way we access content. Apple sets the rules for the distribution of apps to users of iPhones and iPads. It appears that Apple obtained a "gatekeeper" role when it comes to the distribution of apps and content to users of Apple's popular devices.
We need to ensure that Apple's rules do not distort competition in markets where Apple is competing with other app developers, for example with its music streaming service Apple Music or with Apple Books. I have therefore decided to take a close look at Apple's App Store rules and their compliance with EU competition rules."
Apple continues to face | 689 |
Welcome to my new blog, everyone. I am honored to share my thoughts on Chinese medicine and life with you all. I intend the impossible, i.e. to communicate the subtleties of Chinese medicine as revealed in the classical texts such as the Nan Jing (Classic of Difficulties), Su Wen (Simple Questions), and Shang Han Lun (Treatise on Cold Damage). These Han and pre-Han dynasty texts provide the matrix on which pre-modern Chinese medical thought is based. Chinese medicine is based on an entirely different conception of time and space, rooted in a calendar that recognizes both solar and lunar cycles. The secret of successful Chinese medical treatment, in my opinion, is the synchronization of human biorhythms and circadian rhythms with cosmic and natural cycles revealed in season, day, year, ebb and flow of sun and moon, rising and falling of oceans, rivers, streams and glaciers, and countless other natural phenomena that were observed by Chinese thinkers and developed into the philosophical foundations of Chinese civilization.
This is the code on which Chinese medicine is built. We understand it as ying/resonance, yin and yang, five phases, twelve primary channels of acupuncture/moxabustion, five yin viscera and six bowels, and many other expressions. It takes time and practice to embody this 'virtual world', but it is essential if we are to understand and practice Chinese medicine.
Z'ev, thank you for starting this blog and congratulations. It is always a pleasure to hear your thoughts. Very few practitioners I know are able to engage deeply with the metaphysical philosophy of CM while remaining grounded in the source texts and clinical knowledge the way you do. It is inspiring. I will be a regular visitor to your blog!!
I'm so excited about<|fim_middle|>ps. I am an admirer of Tibetan medicine as well, and and some point I will address that interest here as well, having fond memories of studying with Dr. Yeshe Dhonden, one of my biggest inspirations in practice. . .I met him back in 1983 and took my first seminar with him at that time. . | your new blog. It is, and will be a great asset to the whole Chinese medicine community. We all need to be inspired and educated to new levels so we can properly represent this wonderful profession..
Thank you for always being leader of the pack!!!!!! It's a great brocha!!!!
Thank you for your encouraging feedback. .. lots more excitement to come. .
I guess I need a motorcycle (like the guy in the Shangrila's "Leader of the Pack" back in the '60's). . .
By the way, you guys met briefly at The National concert in San Diego a few weeks back. .
What an absolutely beautiful and profound statement! Thank you!
You are very welcome. . .
Dear Zev, this image has nothing to do with TCM, since you showing one of the Thangkas of the 17th Century Blue Beryl designed by Desi Sanggye Gyatso, chief minister of the 5th Dalai Lama and famous Tibetan doctor. And the roots of Tibetan medicine are not in China, as the PRC likes to claim, but rather indigenous Tibetan, and also lots of Aryuveda and even ancient greek medicine, i.e the three humors.
How are you! I actually have enjoyed your website on Tibet for quite a long time, especially the materials on cordyce | 276 |
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Theater Latté Da to Stream Docu-Musical ALL IS CALM
All is Calm: The Christmas Truce of 1914 will stream on BroadwayHD beginning December 15.
by BWW News Desk
BroadwayWorld.com Dec. 1, 2020
Theater Latté Da announced today All is Calm: The Christmas Truce of 1914, the poignant Drama Desk Award-winning docu-musical about the World War I Christmas truce, will be available to stream<|fim_middle|>9 at the historic Ritz Theater in Minneapolis through a partnership with Laura Little Theatrical Productions and Theater Latté Da, the production offers a look behind the camera with 20 minutes of behind-the-scenes footage including interviews with the docu-musical's creator, Theater Latté Da Founding Artistic Director Peter Rothstein, and members of the cast and creative team. Audiences will learn more about the historic moment in history, as well as how music, costumes and lighting bring to life the Drama Desk Award winning production.
Patricia Harrison, President and CEO of the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, attended the Off-Broadway run of ALL IS CALM in 2018 and felt the work should be shared nationally through public television. "ALL IS CALM reminds us through words, music and beautifully choreographed storytelling that when all is chaotic and it appears "the center will not hold," it is still possible to find a connection to our shared humanity," shares Harrison.
All is Calm has toured the United States for ten seasons, reaching more than 50 cities playing prestigious venues such as The Kennedy Center (Washington, D.C.), Cal Performances (Berkeley, CA) and the Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York). The work has also been licensed and performed by theater companies, opera companies, and choruses in 30 different states, Canada, and Australia.
All Is Calm: The Christmas Truce of 1914 is a Theater Latté Da production in association with WNET. Written and directed by Peter Rothstein with vocal arrangements and music direction by Erick Lichte. Additional vocal arrangements by Timothy C. Takach. The production is produced by Theater Latté Da and directed for television by W. J. Lazerus with executive producers Laura Little and W. J. Lazerus. Original production funding for All Is Calm: The Christmas Truce of 1914 is provided by the Corporation for Public Broadcasting.
Photo credit: Dan Norman
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Taylor Louderman, Alice Ripley, and More Join BroadwayWorld's Stage Door | beginning Dec 15th on BroadwayHD, the online digital streaming service based in New York City. All is Calm premiered nationwide on Friday, November 27 on TPT Twin Cities PBS and will continue to debut in over 30 major markets across the country throughout the holiday season. BroadwayHD, known for being the only streaming service offering premium full-length stageplays and musicals offers more than 300 full-length video on demand productions.
Created by Theater Latté Da's Founding Artistic Director Peter Rothstein, All Is Calm is a hybrid of documentary theater, weaving a capella period songs and firsthand quotes and letters from 30 World War I figures brought to life by 10 actors. The production features WWI patriotic tunes, trench songs, medieval ballads and Christmas carols from England, Wales, France, Belgium and Germany, with musical arrangements and vocal arrangements by Erick Lichte and Timothy C. Takach.
Filmed in 201 | 202 |
Stay At The Black Monarch Hotel For A Good Scare
Story from Travel
If You Love Ghost Sightings & Serial Killers, You Have To Visit This Colorado Hotel
Jenna Milliner-Waddell
Adam Zimmerli has experienced the phantom activity at the The Black Monarch Hotel firsthand.
"I was sleeping here by myself one time late at night and there was a lot of activity, movement and sounds," Zimmerli, the new owner of the hotel, tells Refinery29. "There was one night in particular that I woke up in the middle of the night and it sounded like someone was walking around the building so clearly."
He was convinced that someone broke in, but when he went<|fim_middle|>oken: This Is The Best Luggage You Can Find On A...
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The Best Pup-Friendly Airbnbs To Book In Honor Of National Dog Day | in search of (we're not exactly sure what) nobody was there and the doors were all locked. Sketch.
While a couple of creaks in a 19th-century casino, saloon, and brothel turned hotel might not be enough to make you call Ghostbusters, things that go bump in the night have a different meaning in the hotel's town of Victor, CO.
Victor was once the site of the second largest gold mining district in the United States, with nearly 18,000 residents living there in 1899, but has since turned into a ghost town in the most literal sense of the word, with only 397 people counted in the 2010 census, according to the city's website.
The city's decline probably has more to do with depleted ore in mines and miners leaving during WWI, but the city's train wrecks and crashes, according to Zimmerli, have spurred many stories of the town, and his building specifically, being haunted.
"People were saying the building was haunted so I said we should run with that," he says. "Let's take it to the full level of haunted."
Kevin Winter/Getty Images
The Black Monarch Hotel currently has four rooms, and each one is named after a historic figure, with a varying degree of a scare factor. The most popular room, Nikola Tesla, was an electrical engineer who is rumored to have wired the building The Black Monarch now resides in. Its popularity might have something to do with being the least scary room — the next one is named after H. H. Holmes, America's first known serial killer. Elizabeth Báthory has a room named after her as well. She was the Hungarian countess who tortured and killed more than 600 girls and used their blood in the hopes of conserving her own youth. And the last room takes the name of Black Annis for the folklore ghost creature.
The spooky naming of the rooms is only aided by the historic decor. Zimmerli describes the 10,000-square-foot hotel as gothic Victorian. As a self-proclaimed collector of oddities and antiques, Zimmerli has put that stamp on the hotel with the antique taxidermy he has collected over the years as well as "pretty authentic" decorations.
As much as the hotel has a historic feel, it is not without all the modern comforts Black Monarch's guests require.
If the hotel's history has you spooked, guests will hopefully be able to sleep soundly on the memory foam pillow top mattress and luxurious linens that Zimmerli has made a priority in the hotel. "I don't want to sacrifice cleanliness, I don't want to sacrifice comfort at all," he says, which is why amenities such as 50-inch 4k smart TVs, Bluetooth systems, air purifiers, and white noise machines have all made their way into the rooms, too.
While the property hasn't been open for long, interested guests can currently book the Elizabeth Báthory or the Nikola Tesla room starting at $64 a night on Airbnb. The few who have stayed have loved the balance of modern and historic accommodations.
One common complaint, however, is guests being woken up at 3 a.m. to the sound of a woman laughing and men fighting at the party...that is never taking place. Consider us spooked.
Stay At Colorado's Black Monarch Hotel For A Good Scare
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Photo: Courtesy of The Black Monarch Hotel.
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Travelers Have Sp | 952 |
Andu cafe has been in the business for over 10 years. Andu Cafe is the first and only Ethiopian restaurant in the Uk that specializes in Ethiopian Vegan food. We are set to make history by being the first Ethiopian Vegan Restaurant in the country. Our main goal is to create a cosy environment for our customers where they can experience the delicious Ethiopian traditional food. Our staff are very friendly,<|fim_middle|> needs. We are always striving to improve our services and we believe that our customers are the best people to tell us how well we're doing. We welcome your views and comments on all aspects of our services.
We have a verity of Ethiopian vegan food on the menu. All served up - please choose what you like. Click on the picture to see our menu. | polite and helpful. We are extremely committed to providing our customers with the best service and ensure that our food is made to meet our customers' individual | 29 |
My family loves breakfast for dinner. I love that it makes getting dinner on the table so very easy for me. We really like to have waffles, or pancakes for dinner. But my husband's favorite is omelets.
My family usually can't eat breakfast out, due to their dairy allergy. I know when we eat out, I'm always asking, if the scrambled eggs have milk added. Because sometimes they do. I have to ask do you use butter on the griddle where the eggs are cooked? If so then they can't have them. So when we are hungry for a good breakfast meal, it's<|fim_middle|> and the pan is nice and hot. I will add the eggs. As the eggs are cooking, I will run a spatula along the edges to make sure they aren't sticking.
Once the egg is mainly set, I add in the ingredients and let them cook about a minute or less. Then I flip one side of the omelet on top of the other.
I know on some cooking shows I've watched, they recommend not letting the eggs brown at all. But we like a little color to our eggs. If you don't just don't cook them as long.
Once the cheese is melted and the ingredients heated through. Plate up and enjoy. In a matter of about 15 minutes I can have a yummy egg dinner ready to eat.
What's one of your go to quick dinner meals? | almost always at home.
I have found I can get omelets done for all of us really quite quickly, if I do just a little prep ahead of time. In our omelets we like to have some veggies, mushrooms, onions or bell peppers. Occasionally, when I have fresh spinach I will add it too.
For cheese, I use a dairy free or sheep cheese for my family. But when we are out of cheese I will make them without any cheese at all, which is surprisingly good.
For meat, I usually stick with bacon or sausage. I know it's traditional but it's what my family likes. If I happen to have leftover ham, it will go in or even some taco meat would be good. I'm now envisioning a very yummy taco omelet with taco meat, beans, peppers and salsa, yum!
While my pan is heating up with a little oil. I will prep all of the ingredients. Chop all the veggies, have the meat already browned and cut up and shred the cheese.
After I beaten the eggs for 45 seconds | 220 |
Mountain Dulcimer is one of the easiest & most fulfilling instruments to play. Once it's tuned you can hardly make a mistake.<|fim_middle|>7th recording, "1 in 8", with jazz guitarist Mimi Fox. | And though it's beautiful with "high piney" tunes from the Appalachian Mountains, it also lends itself to more contemporary music like The Beatles & Leonard Cohen.
In these 6 classes you learn 2 tunings, a couple of tunes each meeting, how to follow dulcimer tablature, some chords and strums to help you out with your musical pursuits. Once you've done that, you can join in on jams & ensemble classes Deborah offers.
NOTE: You will need a dulcimer for this class. If you need to borrow one, I have 3 loaners which must be reserved prior to the first class. To purchase one yourself, I recommend looking for the following brands, new or used: Sweetwwods, Folkcraft, Folk Roots, Capritaurus, McSpadden, Blue Lion. Sweetwoods offers a student model for $125.00, new, which you can trade in on another model. Write me at deborahj@djhamouris.com for more info on this important choice.
Teacher, Deborah Hamouris, has played mountain dulcimer since 1979 and taught it for over a decade. She has a BA in Music and gets excited about teaching music. Deborah currently directs Women & Song and the Berkeley Dulcimer Orchestra. She founded the annual Berkeley Dulcimer Gathering at the Freight & Salvage, with the 7th annual gathering scheduled on 5/18/19. She recently released her | 307 |
Hive were asked to help Start in Salford with video production for film. The film was to be based around the history of Brunswick House. The building that now houses the charity. The project was supported by The Heritage Lottery Fund.
Hive helped to set up an open day, designing flyers and posters which could be put up all around the local area. The marketing materials invited local people to come forward and share their memories of the building and the local area.
We also supported Start in the research of the history surrounding the house. From the open day and the research we created a storyboard and graphic style for the film with an aim to tell the stories of 'The Old Brunswick'.
The film featured graphics and still photography as well as old maps of the area. Films some of the local's who kindly took part in the open day were also included. The films were<|fim_middle|> the years. | included into the film to create a full picture of this historic building over | 14 |
January 7, 2014 by Brian Krasman - 0 comments
Iskald travel into a deep Nordic freeze on expansive, thrilling new record 'Nedom og Nord'
Today is a day where people in far colder regions globally laugh at us on the East Coast of the United States. It was scheduled to be at least 2 degrees Fahrenheit the day this is to run, with an overnight low of -9. OK, go ahead and laugh at us, Western Canadians, Norwegians, Russians, and anyone else who sees these numbers and chuckles.
OK, so we're not quite as good as handling these conditions (the courts are scheduled to be closed because it's too cold … the courts!), and when they do happen, we kind of don't know what to do. Stupidly. So it's pretty great that we have a new record from Iskald to discuss today, as this is a band that knows something about grim, frostbitten, cracked, and bleeding. Yeah, they embrace the inclement weather (their<|fim_middle|> the punishment, as it's crushing pretty much throughout its duration, with Larsen howling lines such as, "I am the torment," and, "I bring the darkness," over music that makes sure that message hits home. This is the darkest, crunchiest track on the whole record and should satisfy anyone's penchant for brutality. "Nidingsdad" follows with a sprawling, air-filled opening that quickly is sucked into an explosion of blasts, menacing devastation, and a total outburst of black metal violence that provides that deep helping of warmth you need to unfreeze your cells. This is nasty, stomping, and even when some cleaner vocals come in to provide texture, a song that'll leave bruises on your body. Finally, the title track returns to the melody and epicness heard earlier in the record, and at the risk of beating a frozen dead horse, brings a blast of winter back into the picture. There are some cleaner sections here, that work nicely to change the pace when it needs to, smoldering heaviness, and eventually the song fades slowly into the night, as you watch its figure disappear down a long, dark path.
Iskald should provide plenty of wonder for me through the remainder of the winter, as the two coldest months are upon us, and they always give Immortal a run for their money when it comes to truly conveying the pain and misery of frozen terrain. "Nedom og Nord" is their most realized work to date and perhaps an indication as to where Iskald will travel in the future. If that's the case, I'm certainly along for the ride, no matter how many layers of clothing I'll need to wear.
For more on the band, go here: https://www.facebook.com/iskaldofficial
For more on the label or to buy the album, go here: http://www.indierecordings.no/ | name translates of "ice cold" after all) and all-around deep freeze, and they pay homage to that on their new album "Nedom og Nord," their fourth full-length effort. They looked to the northernmost regions of Norway, the Arctic regions that have enveloped their lives, and used that to influence this album, one of their frostiest–and most interesting musically–to date.
Iskald also decided to branch out their sound even more on their deadly journey "Nedom og Nord," playing more with atmospherics and letting their songs breathe and develop more than in the past. That resulted in a record with the least amount of songs yet, as there are six on this new album, but it's a collection with more realized, though sometimes meandering treks, and it easily can mesmerize you like staring at a snowstorm slamming down as you try to drive a car at night on poorly lit roads. It's equally enthralling and frightening as you drown in isolation.
Iskald is the vision of two men who have been behind the helm since their formation in 2005, that being Simon Larsen (vocals, guitars, bass, and keyboards) and Aage Andre Krekling (drums). They are joined by two other members live–guitarist Ben Hansen and bassist Kenneth Henriksen–but the musical vision on this album and their others are all theirs, so you have them to blame if you feel like you're shivering and quaking when hearing these songs. Opinions are sure to vary on their new approach to the music, but you'll have that anytime you change up your DNA. But it sounds like these guys really have their heart in this new direction, which really helps drive forth this new era. And truth be told, I like the expanded sound a lot.
Our adventure begins with "A Fading Horizon," that gets the record off to a spellbinding start, as they conjure up sounds that might make you feel like you're stuck in a whirling vortex. The vocals are gruff as usual, the song makes nice use of violent thrashing even while it's trying to set a mood over its 7:04 run time, and the leads are razor sharp, cutting through the thick ice into your soul. "Underworldly" kicks off with strong melodies, which is a regular trait on this album, and just minutes into the cut, it erupts into blistering black metal that gallops and crushes your puny lungs gasping for breath. The music easily can sweep you away, but it always grabs you and batters you, with the blood freezing almost as soon as it boils through the surface of your skin. It sometimes feels a little long, but lengthy excursions can be that way at times and it never detracts from the overall effectiveness of the track. That leads us to "Iskald," of course named for the band, and it's a perfect anthem for them with prog-fueled black metal, some sections that feel like modern Opeth, a strong mix of clean beauty and metallic devastation, and a final passage that's purely acoustic and makes it feel like you're disappearing into a fog. Good cut.
"The Silence" brings back | 663 |
Parking may seem like<|fim_middle|>," says Zia Yusuf, CEO of Streetline. | one of the most low-tech services. But entrepreneurs are looking to address that with new mobile technology.
Startup Streetline has raised $25 million in Series C financing led by True Ventures with new investors Qualcomm Ventures and Citi. Existing investors Sutter Hill Ventures, RockPort Capital Partners and Fontinalis Partners also participated.
The Foster City, Calif. company provides sensors that are installed in parking spaces that are used by consumers to see which streets have open parking spaces. Consumers can then use Streetline's Parker app to find a space. The app has a map with the numbers of open spaces on different blocks. Streetline also is signing up parking garages. Streetline uses technology that counts how many spaces are available in a garage based on the usage of the front gate of the garage. People can also reserve a space in a parking garage using the app.
Parking garages can manage their inventory online and do things like offer coupons. Streetline originally developed the sensors used in the parking space, but has now built a platform for managing information about parking spaces. "We transitioned from sensors, which are still a big part of what we do, to now a data and apps company | 238 |
"Can do, passion and caring": OPO CEO Jeff Orlowski on embracing change during COVID-19
Jul 16, 2020 | Voices in Transplant
In 2020, LifeShare of Oklahoma had a record year of recovery of donation after circulatory<|fim_middle|> around at a hospital, waiting for everything to go and then doing the case, and then two hours more on a plane back, then those people can be home tucked in bed and fresh and wide awake when it's time to do the transplant. We keep the transplant team safe and rested, and we make maximum use of our resources so that more lives are saved.
Q: You have spoken internationally about organ donation and recovery in the United States. What are your observations about how the U.S. system adapted to COVID-19 compared to other countries?
The COVID-19 crisis has actually illustrated how effective American OPOs are.
Other countries saw donation and transplantation basically grind to a halt, which was not the case in the U.S. We had considerably higher rates of transplants than many other countries that were tremendously impacted by this, which I think is a testament to our ability to refocus and reinvent ourselves in order to keep people getting transplanted.
When we evaluate opportunities for improvement, we must acknowledge that we're improving from a position of strength. We're fortunate to have extremely bright and capable people who, when faced with an unprecedented pandemic, have been able to continue to save lives through donation and transplantation through a massive amount of collaboration and teamwork, on a national level. While we always need to strive for improvement, we shouldn't underestimate the factors that make us so successful already.
Jeff Orlowski is president and CEO of LifeShare of Oklahoma, and president of the LifeShare Foundation. He currently serves as the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network Region 4 councillor, and is a member of the OPTN Membership and Professional Standards Committee. A past president of the Association of Organ Procurement Organizations and Donate Life America, Orlowski has 33 years of experience in organ and tissue donation and has co-authored more than 40 peer-reviewed articles. Orlowski earned a bachelor's degree in biology from the University of Kansas and a master's degree in management from Regis University.
*As of Jan. 1, 2021, there are 57 OPOs and 57 DSAs across the country. | death (DCD) organ donors. Learn how they are using their experience to drive improvement.
As one of the 57 organ procurement organizations* that serve the country's transplant system, LifeShare of Oklahoma has helped drive a record-setting increase in organ donation. In 2019, OPOs recovered nearly 12,000 deceased donors, an increase of 38 percent since 2014. During that same time period, LifeShare of Oklahoma increased recoveries of deceased donors in their donation service area by 39.7 percent, exceeding the national average, according to data available from the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network.
While the COVID-19 crisis has impacted organ recovery and transplant, OPOs are adapting and continuing their lifesaving work. In a recent interview, LifeShare of Oklahoma president and CEO Jeff Orlowski discussed how his organization's core values keep his team focused on the work of saving lives during the pandemic and beyond.
Q: LifeShare of Oklahoma's core values are centered on valuing a can do attitude, having passion for the mission of saving lives and caring for teammates and the community. Your strategic anchors are people, change and relationships. How do these concepts drive your organizational approach?
We are a people-first organization. That is our guiding principle.
Our donors are people, our donor families are people, our hospitals are people, and our team are people. And so we always want to make sure that we're making decisions in a way that will have a positive impact on people.
When I came to LifeShare, we had a tremendous amount of development to do as an organization. I asked everybody to not be intimidated by change, but instead to embrace it. Bringing change is not an indictment of what came before, it's an acknowledgement that there is opportunity to do better. We've woven that theme of change through everything we've done for the last 8 1/2 years.
Q: What does change mean as a core value in relation to transplant?
We work in a field where change is natural. It's happening around us constantly. There will always be new drugs, new techniques and new opportunities.
The HOPE Act is a great example. There used to be a ban on HIV positive donors—and now there's not. I always point to the fact that in 1953, you couldn't have a kidney transplant, and here we are less than 70 years later, and it's been a common therapy for decades. Even more recently, when I started in the field, isolated lung transplants were just not feasible for a variety of reasons—it's only been in the last really 30 or so years that isolated lung transplants, as opposed to heart-lung blocs have become a really viable operation. Since change happens anyway, embracing it allows us as an organization to talk about what's possible.
All change is the result of many people working together to adapt and improve. Having change as a strategic anchor has been so important in this crisis.
Q: How have your organization's core values helped guide LifeShare of Oklahoma through the current crisis?
Our core value of can do has served us very well. Can do is not just do it. We're not talking about being Nike. Can do is about the fact that we're creative. When we look at a challenge, we'll look for alternative ways to get to the desired outcome.
In terms of the pandemic, the concept of can do has been particularly instrumental in making sure our staff were safe while we keep doing the important work of recovering donors. Protecting both staff and our mission have driven us from the very beginning. When we focused on that, we were unencumbered by any other details. We just worried about getting the job done safely. When you do that, you can be more creative and kind of let go of your preconceived limitations on yourself.
We have 135 staff between our Oklahoma City and Tulsa offices, and during this crisis we have had to lean into real change as an organization—with amazing results.
Q: What are some of the changes your executive team made to adapt in response to COVID-19?
That first weekend of March 13, we started mainly trying to get our clinical staff converted to telecommute so they wouldn't cross-contaminate one another. Their safety was a priority in those early discussions, but we didn't really understand then what we were up against compared to what we knew just a few weeks later.
After that I took a step back and started assessing the global organizational impact. That was when staff safety and well-being started to become the guiding principle, and it was pretty easy to see how we could keep doing our mission.
Q: What do you think will be some of the permanent changes that result from the crisis?
I think one of the silver linings is that it has forced the community to rethink the concept of jumping on a jet in the middle of the night, flying a couple hours and riding around in the back of an ambulance to accomplish something that can be accomplished without everyone traveling. That's not just OPO staff—our transplant partners are rethinking letting a local recovery surgeon recover and send an organ, because that means they can also avoid flying. This is a benefit overall in terms of broader allocation—if we can avoid putting a surgeon and a perfusion staff member or surgical recovery coordinator on an airplane for two hours one direction, and then sitting | 1,115 |
We hear the excuses everyday: 'my pet is not overweight, he is big boned'; 'I do not want to starve him'; 'I have no idea how he got this big!' As veterinary healthcare team members we must remember that obesity is a disease and it that has become an epidemic. It is estimated that 35%-40% of adult pets and 50% of pets over age 7 are overweight or obese – and this number seems to rise yearly!
A number of disease conditions have been associated with obesity. Obesity has also been associated with a shorter lifespan! This profession is all about helping pets live longer and healthier – so why not talk to your owners about getting their four legged family member fit!
Excessive caloric intake and decreased physical activity are the primary ingredients resulting in obesity. Managing obesity calls for reducing caloric intake and increasing physical activity. Obesity is one of the leading preventable causes of illness/death. Weight management and obesity prevention should be among the top health issues healthcare team members discuss with every client.
We are acutely aware that obesity is a difficult disease to discuss with owners because most pet owners do not recognize or want to admit that their pet is overweight.
Regardless, all members of the veterinary team need to be part of the solution and communicate the role of weight management in pet health and disease prevention.
The team should evaluate every patient that comes into the hospital, every time they come in to the hospital to establish nutritional needs and feeding goals. These goals will vary depending on the pet's physiology, obesity risk factors, and current health status.
As we are all aware, patient evaluation begins with a complete history including a detailed nutritional history and a complete physical examination including a complete blood count, serum chemistry and urinalysis. In order to have a successful weight management program the healthcare team must perform a detailed nutritional evaluation including the type of food (all food) fed, the feeding method (how much, how often<|fim_middle|> 5 or 4.5 out of 9 is ideal. The optimal body condition for a cat or dog is 15% to 25% body fat. Consequently, a BCS rating of ideal will estimate the pet to have 15% to 25% body fat. A BCS rating of overweight estimates the pet to have 26% to 35% body fat, and a BCS rating of obese estimates the pet to have greater than 40% body fat.
The picture below should be recorded as a BCS 5/5 or 9/9.
A healthy and successful weight management program results in loss of fat tissue while maintaining lean body mass. Consistent and accurate assessment of weight and BCS are important tools to monitor progress. The use of body condition charts and breed charts are helpful tools in discussing the importance of weight management with clients and helps them visualize what an optimal weight would look like on their pet.
This is part 1 of a 2 part series on Obesity in small companion pets by Ms Burns. *If any of this information was useful or you would like to see similar content, "LIKE" the Pet ED Veterinary Education and Training Resources Facebook page and subscribe on the HOME page of the PetED website to receive upcoming newsletters and news. | ), who is responsible for feeding the pet and any other sources of energy intake (no matter how small or seemingly insignificant).
What brand of food do you feed your pet (try to get specific name)?
Do you feed moist or dry or both?
How do you feed your pet – feeding method (how much, how often)?
Tell me about the snacks or treats you enjoy giving to your pet.
Do you give your pet any supplements?
What medications if any is your pet taking? including chewable medications?
Tell me about the type of chew toys your pet enjoys.
Do you feed your pet any foods or treats not specifically designated for pets (such as human foods)? If so, what and how often.
A complete nutritional history provides consistency and accuracy of patient information, key insights to barriers in client compliance, guides client discussion, and supports the optimal weight management program for the pet.
We also need to remember to weigh the pet and perform a body condition score at every visit and record this information in the pet's medical record. It's helpful to use the same scale and chart the findings for the client. Body condition scoring (BCS) is important to assess a patient's fat stores and muscle mass. The two most commonly used BCS systems are the 5 point scale or the 9 point scale. Both rating scales have a 9 point rating, with the 5 point scale being scored to the nearest half score and the 9 point being scored to the whole point. Use whichever scoring system works for you – but remember to be consistent among colleagues and with the client so we do not confuse or miscalculate the patient's weight.
When scoring a pet begin at the head and work toward the tail. Fat cover is evaluated over the ribs, down the topline, around the tailbase, and ventrally along the abdomen. Scoring ranges from 1 to 5 or 1 to 9, with 1 being very thin and 5or 9 being obese. A score of 3 out of | 408 |
The Speed Queen AWNE82SP is the best washing machine with agitator for the money. It's been praised by multiple buyers in the United States and does an excellent job at what it is supposed to do. The model comes packed with a series of useful features which are hard to find in other units on the market today.
In spite of the high number of positive reviews gathered by this product, there has been a complaint from a buyer who bought it from a local appliance store. It seems that he or she has run into some technical difficulties that have made it difficult for the owner to enjoy the washing experience.
Above all, the Speed Queen AWNE82SP is remarkably easy to use. For one, the controls are easy to reach. Secondly, the Time Remaining Display makes it possible for the user to know just how much time he or she has to spend on waiting for his<|fim_middle|> they ever feel like doing so. While it might not seem like the most useful feature in the world to some people, the fact of the matter is that this one's a great plus for people who are in a hurry or would like to add extra clothes on top of the ones they've already started washing.
All things considered, the AWNE82SP seems to be worth considering if you are still prospecting the market. After all, it has gathered the appreciation of many users who were kind enough to provide positive reviews. Some of these buyers claim that a 5-star rating isn't sufficient to reflect the amount of satisfaction they have had with this washing machine. A number of other individuals claim that the unit is worth every penny spent, as it offers tremendous value for the cost. | or her clothes to be cleaned.
Another feature that's very popular amongst the buyers of this alternative seems to be the Full Tub Wash and Rinse mode, which allows owners to use an entire tub of water to get to that degree of cleanliness they might have been looking for. This is a net advantage for people who'd like to use a little more water than the one imposed by governmental regulations.
In terms of performance, this unit seems to be the best agitator washing machine from Speed Queen as it's known to properly wash anything from clothing pieces to pillowcases and sheets. Since the model features a 210 agitation with 64 strokes per minute, it's safe to say that the unit manages to combine effectiveness with gentleness even when completing its toughest programs.
Any prospective buyer wants to buy the most durable wash machine with agitator that he or she affords. It might be worth noting that this model has the tub made of stainless steel, which makes it long-lasting and fully capable of performing its tasks all through the years.
What's more, the AWNE82SP gives users the freedom they have been looking for, in that it allows them to open up the lid and stop any cycle when | 246 |
The time to cultivate the light is upon us.
It<|fim_middle|> New Year! | 's all there in the dance.
Each gathering is delicately crafted through the chakras to nourish body, mind & soul—within a wide-range of music, gently-guided movement & meditative play.
A dance party. An exercise class. A women's gathering. A personal pilgrimage.
Find what you need. Help shape it with others.
This unique & alchemical practice (requiring absolutely no skill or experience) lends greater wellbeing & joy in your day to day, particularly as our days shorten.
at Marlboro Elementary School on Route 9 in Marlboro VT.
Tuesdays 5:30 pm, October 25th through December 20th, 2016.
Facilitator Kelly Salasin is a certified Let Your Yoga Dance & Yoga instructor who regularly assists leading presenters, retreats & trainings at the Kripalu Center for Yoga and Health.
Drop-in rate can be applied to discounted session enrollment/pro-rated for the remainder of classes.
Let Your Yoga Dance~into the | 209 |
Combines 4 cups water and 4 cups ice cubes in large bowl; set aside. Place eggs in large saucepan, and water to cover by 1 inch, and bring to boil over high heat. Remove pan from heat cover, and let stand for 8 minutes. Pour off water from saucepan and gently shake pan back and forth to crack eggshells. Transfer eggs to ice water and cool form 5 minutes.
Peel eggs and halve lengthwise. Transfer egg yolks to large bowl. Using potato masher, mash<|fim_middle|> | yolks with mayonnaise, lemon juice, mustard, ¼ teaspoon salt, and 1/8 teaspoon pepper. Whisk mixture until smooth; set aside.
Reduce mayonnaise to ¼ cup. Replace Dijon mustard with 2 tablespoons spicy brown mustard. Add ½ teaspoon paprika and ¼ teaspoon hot sauce to egg yolk dressing in step 2. Omit celery and parsley.
Omit celery, chives, and parsley. Add ½ cup thinly sliced radishes and ½ cup chopped baby arugula with egg whites in step 3. End. | 121 |
<|fim_middle|> but not around here. We seldom even have a watch, never mind a full warning. And because tornadoes are so very rare here and of those that do touch down, most are very weak and dissipate quickly without doing any measureable damage, we do not have the warning systems like sirens that other parts of the country have. In fact the first touch down caught even seasoned meteorologists off guard yesterday afternoon. While they warned the weather was ripe for one, there was little warning that one was forming. Thankfully after the initial touchdown, the warnings went out immediately and for the rest of us in the path of those storms were able to take cover ~ if we were even aware of the warnings. My town's cable broke into programming and warned us to move to basements or otherwise take shelter because those cells were going to pass directly over us. But again, because they are so rare, not everyone was listening to radio or TV.
It was a long and frightening afternoon and evening. Today as I watch the constant coverage on TV, I am still shaken and upset at what I am seeing. When it comes this close, it is indeed an eye opener and painful reminder of the fury of Mother Nature and how there is often little we can do when she let's loose her fury.
My thoughts and prayers go out to all affected by these storms and all the other storms that have plagued our nation recently.
Stay safe everyone and whenever you hear a weather warning – pay attention and take cover. Just because it 'never happens in your area' doesn't mean it can't and won't. Yesterday is proof of that.
The care and concern of so many of you – thank you!
Who has time to rest?? | Behind My Red Door: After the storms….
I just wanted to make a brief post because I have been contacted by many online friends and followers asking about our safety after the devastating tornadoes touched down in MA yesterday afternoon and evening.
My entire family is fine and as far as I know right now, the same with my friends. We so thankful we lived through the frightening storms without any damage to our homes and properties. But that is not the case just 20 minutes west of me and 10 minutes south of me, and friends have friends who have lost everything.
Many of you know about the towns of Brimfield – the famous Brimfield Flea Market is world renowned – and neighboring Sturbridge with it's historic Sturbridge Village. Both towns were hit and sustained damage, and there is one confirmed death from a campground in Brimfield. And further west of those towns there is much more damage in Westfield, Springfield, Monson and other towns. All told we are told 18- 20 communities have been affected, some by more than one tornado. Right now 4 deaths are confirmed and search and rescue goes on as clean up begins.
For many reading this tornado warnings are a way of life ~ | 254 |
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Beauty of nature. Romantic vacations on a budget. Exciting travel is a special part of our lives. Beautiful seashore is a favorite place for extraordinary relaxation. A beach gives us opportunity to improve your health, relieve stress and enjoy the unique tranquility. Wallpaper 7370278: There are beautiful places on our planet<|fim_middle|> began in ancient times. For many travellers amazing cozy beach and marvelous sea embody the ideal place to relax. Digital photography tours - Fine art photography galleries. Digital online media, Web art gallery - digital photography 7370278: Nature scenery changes a few times each year, to submit every time in front of us a new form of fairy. There are a lot of wonderful places on the Earth. | , where the brain refuses to think rationally, and any logic crumbles before the majesty of wonderful nature. The wonderful composition of beautiful sea pebbles is extremely diverse. Cheap summer vacations. Short weekend getaways. Since ancient times, people have traveled to other exciting countries with different purposes. Beneficial sea air is a real source of health. Beach tourism is the most favorite form of recreation in the world. Nature wallpaper backgrounds. Nature wallpaper full hd.
Best beach holiday destinations. Sometimes it is simply impossible to describe in words the creations of nature. Vacations to remember. Where to go for a day to remember it for a lifetime? In the journey, the way we think, ingrained habits, traits, can undergo substantial changes. Gites are the best option for people coming to the city for a short time and do not want to spend large sums on the usual hotel. When you stand by the beautiful sea and breathe it marvelous smells, any trouble becomes unimportant. A vacation at amazing sea is a pleasant pastime to the sound of the surf, refreshing sea bathing and a pleasant tan at a beach. Why vacations are good for your health.
The emergence of tourism, or something like this, | 244 |
Water and achieving the Millenium Development Goals
Water is the primary medium through which climate change influences the Earth's ecosystems and people's livelihoods and well-being. The poor, who are the most vulnerable, are also likely to be affected the most.
Already, water-related climate change impacts are being experienced in the form of more severe and more frequent droughts and floods. Higher average temperatures and changes in precipitation and temperature extremes are projected to affect the availability of water resources through changes in rainfall distribution, soil moisture, glacier and ice/snow melt, and river and groundwater flows; these factors are expected to lead to further deterioration of water quality as well.
Water resources and how they are managed impact almost all aspects of society and the economy, in particular health, food -production and<|fim_middle|> for research
How is your country affected?
How is climate change affecting water?
How will you country adapt?
https://twitter.com/GCLondon2014
http://www.unwater.org/TFclimate.html
http://www.unwater.org/activities_Adeel_Zafar_climate.html
http://www.fao.org/climatechange/49364/en/
http://www.unwater.org/downloads/unw_ccpol_web.pdf
http://water.worldbank.org/topics/water-resources-management/water-and-climate-change
http://www.un.org/wcm/content/site/climatechange/gateway/
http://www.unwater.org/downloads/UNWclimatechange_EN.pdf | security, domestic water supply and sanitation, energy, industry, and the functioning of ecosystems.
Under present climate variability, water stress is already high, particularly in many
developing countries, and climate change adds even more urgency for action.
Without improved water resources management, the progress towards poverty reduction targets, the Millennium Development Goals, and sustainable development in all its economic, social and environmental dimensions, will be
jeopardised.
Adaptation to climate change is mainly about better water management. Recognising this and responding to presents development opportunities.
Appropriate adaptation measures build upon known land and water management practices to foster resilience to future climate change, thereby enhancing water security. Innovative technologies and integrated solutions are needed at the appropriate scales, for adaptation as well as mitigation.
There is evidence that the global climate is changing. A global temperature increase of 3-4°C could cause changed run-off patterns and glacial melt will force an additional 1.8 billion people to live in a water scarce environment by 2080.
Source: UNDP:
Human Development Report, 2007/2008
Climate change is predicted to have a whole range of impacts on water resources. Variation in temperature and rainfall may affect water availability, increase the frequency and severity of floods and droughts, and disrupt ecosystems that maintain water quality.
Source: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
The cost of adapting to the impacts of a 2°C rise in global average temperature could range from US$70 to $100 billion per year between 2020 and 2050, according to the World Bank.
Key questions | 337 |
Central Trust Co. Assistant Vice President & Relationship Manager Justin Setser passed the Certified Trust and Financial Advisor exam from the American Bankers Association. Financial advisers must have three years of experience and take training programs before the national exam.
The Foundation for Springfield Public Schools named Bass Pro Shops the 2018 Corporate Partner of the Year and The Schneider Family Foundation the 2018 Advocate for Education. Bass Pro was recognized for its work with the Tournament of Champions and The Wonders of the Ozarks Learning Facility. The Schneider Family Foundation's total contributions will reach $1 million this year in support of the International Baccalaureate program at Central High School.
College of the Ozarks professor Christina Keith attended the 2018 Literature, Language and the Arts: International Round Table Symposium at Oxford University and presented a highlight from her dissertation titled Achievement Gap in Reading: A Study of School Practices and Effectual Results.
CoxHealth was recognized as a Best Regional Hospital in southwest Missouri by U.S. News & World Report<|fim_middle|> University. | . Cox Medical Centers-Springfield placed eighth and was recognized as high performing in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, colon cancer surgery, heart failure and knee replacement. Cox Medical Center Branson was rated high performing in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Three CoxHealth employees received The Daisy Award for Extraordinary Nurses: Kari Howell works as a centralized access resource employee; Johnna Mortensen works at the medical-surgical unit 300 West; and Emma Rodriguez works in the Neuro-Trauma Intensive Care Unit.
Amy Temple joined the Alzheimer's Association Greater Missouri Chapter as manager of the Southwest Missouri Walk to End Alzheimer's. She has experience in event planning and management, committee and volunteer recruitment, public speaking, fundraising and developing strategies.
PJC Insurance Agency LLC hired Sean Crayton as a producer/sales manager for the commercial lines department. With a bachelor's in business administration from Missouri State University, he has 20 years of experience in the insurance industry and served 12 years in the military.
Cindy Baker, of Ozark, James Hodge, of Springfield, and Barney Whitlock, of Springfield, were among eight recipients of the 2018 Missourian Award. Baker is the owner of Touchstone Counseling LLC, Touchstone Helping Families, Garden of Healing LLC and Baker Consulting Services LLC. Hodge has 30 years of experience as a business consultant and co-hosts KWTO's "Senior Forum" radio show. Whitlock is a founding partner of The Whitlock Co. LLP and founding board member of Community Foundation of the Ozarks Inc. The Missourian Award, now in its 25th year, honors individuals who have made a lasting impact on the Show-Me State.
The Care to Learn Governing Board added Jami Peebles and Jeffery Gann. Peebles is an independent consultant and former executive vice president and market executive of Central Trust Co. Gann is a director at BKD Wealth Advisors LLC.
Joseph Cole was named director of the planned Goodwill Excel Center at 1514 S. Glenstone Ave. He has eight years of experience in public education and 13 years of experience in sales and corporate management. He has a bachelor's in secondary education social studies from the University of Missouri and a master's in education from Central Methodist | 470 |
American Wise perfects new trick to win freeski World Cup at Copper, one step closer to Pyeongchang
Antonio Olivero
aolivero@summitdaily.com
David Wise of the United States competes in the halfpipe finals during the U.S. Grand Prix World Cup event Friday, Dec. 8, at Copper Mountain. Wise won the event with a score of 92.80.
Hugh Carey | hcarey@summitdaily.com |
David Wise of the United States, left, and Canada's Noah Bowman interact following the halfpipe finals during the U.S. Grand Prix World Cup event Friday, Dec. 8, at Copper Mountain. Wise won the event while Bowman took second place.
Hugh Carey| hcarey@summitdaily.com |
A freeskier competes in the halfpipe finals during the U.S. Grand Prix event Friday, Dec. 8, at Copper Mountain.
Hugh Carey / hcarey@summitdaily.com |
David Wise of the United States competes in the halfpipe finals during the U.S. Grand Prix event Friday, Dec. 8, at Copper Mountain. Wise won the event with a score of 92.80
France's Benoit Valentin is helped off halfpipe following a crash during the finals at U.S. Grand Prix event Friday, Dec. 8, at Copper Mountain.
Torin Yater-Wallace of the United States competes in the halfpipe finals during the U.S. Grand Prix event Friday, Dec. 8, at Copper Mountain.
Noah Bowman of Canada competes in the halfpipe finals during the U.S. Grand Prix event Friday, Dec. 8, at Copper Mountain<|fim_middle|>2.80 on his first run. "The level is so high. There are so many guys who can win contests from so many different places in the world. And as a competitor, as a professional skier, that's what you want.
"You want guys from all over the world competing well and seeing both (second place finisher) Noah (Bowman, of Canada) and Simon land runs that are brand new to them — new tricks — is amazing. It pushes me to another height. The last thing I want to do is come out here and have these victories be easy. I want to struggle for it. That's what makes it fun."
Team depth
After his title-winning performance, Wise reeled off a who's-who of his American teammates who are also vying for a spot on the Olympic team. Everyone from his next closest American finisher on Friday, Torin Yater-Wallace of Aspen (fifth place, 87.40), to high-profile teammates who failed to qualify for Friday's final, such as Gus Kenworthy (17th place).
"I think maybe how the Americans are skiing didn't show on paper today other than myself, but the way that the team is riding is really at a high level," Wise said. "The Copper pipe is one of the most challenging pipes we ride because while the shape is good and the Copper crew have done a great job, this is a flatter pitch than we are used to riding, and it's hard to carry your speed. Whereas Torin Yater-Wallace, that's his strong suit. He let's his skis run. He goes bigger than everybody else."
"Other than myself, we had a challenging week," Wise added, "but we are looking strong moving forward."
At the end of the week, it was Wise who took the biggest leap toward Olympic qualification. And he did so at a place in Copper where he had a much different outcome at this exact same event at the exact same location four years ago leading up to Sochi.
The cure this time around was perfecting a new trick, one where he looks over his shoulder, takes off backwards, and spins "the hard way," before completing two flips and three spins. He nailed it as the first hit on all three of his runs Friday.
The road to South Korea
Wise is not yet officially qualified for the 2018 U.S. Olympic team as he had previously failed to podium at an Olympic qualifier in the lead up to Pyeongchang. Halfpipe skiers already had one Olympic qualifier last season and Yater Wallace, Kenworthy and Taylor Seaton, of Avon, entered this week with a podium spot previously.
Three spots on the Olympic team will be given to the athletes who meet the objective criteria, which is two podium finishes at qualifying events, such as the Grand Prix at Copper. Other qualifying events are scheduled for the Wednesday though Sunday, Dec. 14-17, Dew Tour in Breckenridge, Jan. 10-12, in Snowmass and Jan. 17-19, in Mammoth, California. A fourth Olympic team spot will likely — but not definitely — be given to a competitor of the coaches' choosing: it's totally subjective.
For the objective spots, if more than three athletes have two podium finishes, then the team will defer to the World Cup scoring system, which will give the American athlete with the best result 1000 points, the American with the second best result 800 points, the third best 600 points and so on. Those with the most points make the team.
Bowman scored a 91.00 on his second run to finish in second place while his fellow Canadian Artois strung together an 89.20 on his first run to clinch third. Another Canadian, Mike Riddle, scored an 88.20 on his final run to knock Yater-Wallace back to fifth after the 22-year-old from Aspen was awarded an 87.40 on his second run.
Americans Birk Irving (81.80) and Aaron Blunck (80.80) finished in seventh and eighth respectively.
"Dave's a machine," American skier Devin Logan said after she took second place in the ladies competition. "He's been training nonstop and he's a heavy competitor, so it was awesome that he could be on the podium in the top spot and it's a little pressure off our shoulders just for the Americans. So stoked to have another American up there." | . Bowman took home second place with a score of 91.00.
France's Benoit Valentin competes during the first heat of the finals at the U.S. Grand Prix event Friday, Dec. 8, at Copper Mountain.
Fans watch the halfpipe finals of the U.S. Grand Prix event Friday, Dec. 8, at Copper Mountain.
Although Friday, Dec. 8's World Cup ski halfpipe champion David Wise was the only American to finish in the top four at the U.S. Grand Prix World Cup at Copper Mountain Resort, the 27-year-old and reigning Olympic halfpipe gold medalist believes his competition is the best he's ever seen. And that includes his fellow Americans who are also vying for a spot on Team USA as qualification progresses.
So right when he stepped up on the first-place podium at the base of the Woodward superpipe at Copper Mountain on Friday, he turned to his right to say two simple words to third place finisher Simon D'Artois, of Canada: "Great skiing."
"For me it's a huge honor to be a part of pipe skiing right now," Wise said after he won the Grand Prix event with a top score of 9 | 249 |
Gallery: Were you seen at the 2018 Delaware Mud Run?
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Delaware high school students are graduating at their highest levels in at least a decade
The investment at Bob Hannah Center is evident now more than ever before
Delaware's annual State Basketball Tournament takes place Saturday, March 30
76ers Field House set to host first NBA<|fim_middle|> America July 4th Concert (5-10 p.m.) and July 4th Fireworks (10 p.m.) at the Philadelphia Museum of Art.
People from all over came together in Philadelphia for one big Party on the Parkway. Kidz Bop kicked off the day of musical performances, dance, children's activities, foods and cultural events that celebrate the city of Brotherly Love's many neighborhoods and nationalities.
The Wawa Welcome America July 4th Concert took over the Benjamin Franklin Parkway with one of the largest free outdoor concerts in the country.
Leon Bridges performed, they are American R&B and soul singer/songwriter best known for his song "Coming Home."
Other performers included two homegrown celebs — Leslie Odom, Jr., Tony Award-winning Hamilton star, and Yazz (Bryshere Gray) from TV's smash hit Empire. The O'Jays, Harold Melvin's Blue Notes and other hit makers who lead a tribute to the musical team of Kenny Gamble and Leon Huff, creators of The Sound of Philadelphia.
And the Philly POPS was out the evening with a flag-waving, red-white-and-blue performance of patriotic tunes.
There was also 25 Philly-focused food vendors and food trucks, plus two beer gardens — the Circa '76 Beer Garden at 22nd Street between the Benjamin Franklin Parkway and Pennsylvania Avenue and the Flying Key Beer Garden just north of 22nd Street between Park Towne Place and the parkway. | G League Wednesday
Reading: Wawa Welcome America July 4th Concert took over the Benjamin Franklin Parkway
DNTV > Blog > News > Breaking > Wawa Welcome America July 4th Concert took over the Benjamin Franklin Parkway
Wawa Welcome America July 4th Concert took over the Benjamin Franklin Parkway
George Shea Published 07/04/2016 9 Views
Phila: The Benjamin Franklin Parkway hosted one of the largest free concerts in the country on July 4th with great food, fun and entertainment all day long. It all leaded up to the incredible Wawa Welcome | 126 |
Tag Archives: "Julia Ward Howe
The Willard Hotel
Posted on July 23, 2018 by Sheila Ingle
Welcome to the Willard Hotel<|fim_middle|> author, and promoter of women's rights.
Image result for julia ward howe
"Do Lord" also falls into the category of a camp song. At camp, children sing songs that are fun, upbeat, harmonious, or inspiring. Most of all, the songs are easy to sing and remember.
They sing folk songs; spirituals; patriotic songs; religious songs; fun, nonsense, novelty, action songs; and melodious (rounds, partner songs).
I have seen "Do Lord" listed as a spiritual, along with "Joshua Fit the Battle of Jericho" and "When the Saints go Marching In."
Songs are universal. I can remember at church camps one of the favorites, accompanied by a guitar, was "Kum Bah Yah, My Lord, Kum Bah Yah." Just recently I found out there were other versions: French: "Venez par ici, mon ami," Spanish: "Venaca, amigo, venaca,"Russian: "Prihadi, moi druk, prihadi," and
Japanese: "Wareno, motoni, kitare."
Folk song writer, Pete Seegar, pronounced the importance of song with these comments.
"Once upon a time, wasn't singing a part of everyday life as much as talking, physical exercise, and religion? Our distant ancestors, wherever they were in the world, sang while pounding grain, paddling canoes, or walking long journeys. Can we begin to make our lives, once more, all of a piece? Finding the right songs and singing them over and over is a way to start. And as one person taps out a beat while another leads into the melody, or when three people discover a harmony they never knew existed, or a crowd joins in on a chorus as though to raise the ceiling a few feet higher, then they also know there is hope for the world."
The floods in Kentucky, my dad's home state, have shattered both homes and communities this week of July, 2015. Pictures of houses floating in flash floods have been terrifying. Acts of nature debilitate and destroy on one hand and give joy on the other; the weather is fickle. The regions of Appalachia have given us so many songs through the years: soulful melodies and lyrics that look backward and forward. With the inborn strength of preserving their culture, I know they will build again. I am sorry they are faced with another endurance test.
Let's hope together and sing along,
/www.youtube.com/watch?v=plA2vi7mWc0
Posted in Uncategorized and tagged " "Kum Ba Yah, "Do Lord, "Julia Ward Howe, Appalachia, camp songs, Johnny Cash, Kentucky, songs. Bookmark the permalink. | in Washington, DC. Only two blocks from the White House, elegance and charm greet guests and visitors, as they walk in the door.
Famous and powerful men and women are among those who have frequented this hotel, located on Pennsylvania Avenue and 14th Street.
This grand, international hotel had its origin in a row house, built by Captain John Tayloe in 1816, was leased to Joshua Tennyson for a hotel. Benjamin Ogle Tayloe hired Henry Willard to operate the City Hotel after years of failing profits. When brother Edwin joined the team, they changed the name and enlarged the building.
Twenty- five year-old Henry was special, "meeting his guests as they alighted at the hotel from the stage," reminisced Ben Perley Poore, a veteran Washington journalist. He was involved in all areas of the business and strived to treat his paying customers as guests; it worked. At dinnertime, "Mr. Willard stood at the head of the dinner table wearing a white apron and carved the joints of meat, the turkeys, and game." Before dawn, Henry was down at the Central Market selecting the best for what he would serve in his dining room that evening.
In 1855, the famous poet, Emily Dickinson and her sister sojourned there.
Word began to spread about the elegance. A lavish ball, attended by 1800 guests in honor of retiring British minister Lord Napier brought prestige to Willard's Hotel in 1859. The food, entertainment, and lavish setting made eyebrows raise. The guests feasted on steak tartare and blinis in the Willard Room. They ate Schwartzwalder torte, chocolate candy, pecan balls, mint squares cake, petit fours, and dozens of other desserts in the Crystal Room.
For the Japanese delegation that arrived the next year, the Willard's mirrors, piano, gaslight, running water, and toilets were wonderful. All was first-class.
The hotel would remain among the first to try the latest conveniences and attractions, including the telephone in 1878, the first moving-picture show in town in 1897, and air-conditioning in 1934.
Constant individual attention to details was important to Henry, and his standard was continued.
President-elect Lincoln and his family had a comfortable suite on the second floor for the ten days before his inauguration. The problem of his aching feet was solved quickly with typical Willard ingenuity. In the rush to conceal his arrival in Washington, Lincoln had forgotten his bedroom slippers. But Henry's wife had just knitted a colorful pair for her grandfather, who had big feet, like the President. Lincoln borrowed them for the duration of his stay at the hotel. On a side note, for Lincoln's inaugural dinner, he was served a simple meal of Mock Turtle Soup, Corned Beef and Cabbage, Parsley Potatoes, and Blackberry Pie at the hotel.
During the War, author Nathaniel Hawthorne described the hotel as "may be much more justly called the center of Washington and the Union than either the Capitol, the White House, or the State Department… Hawthorne added: "You exchange nods with governors of sovereign states; you elbow illustrious men, and tread on the toes of generals; you hear statesmen and orators speaking in their familiar tones. You are mixed up with office seekers, wire pullers, inventors, artists, poets, prosers until identity is lost among them."
In 1862, Julia Ward Howe penned the immortal words of the Battle Hymn of the Republic in her room there.
A British newspaper man covering the war wrote about his breakfast of "black tea and toast, scrambled eggs, fresh spring shad, wild pigeon, pig's feet, two robins on toast, oysters and a quantity of breads and cakes." (Quite different from President Lincoln's meal.)
Willard's, seen here during the Civil War, was full of well-furnished rooms.
"The writer Nathaniel Hawthorne, who visited Washington in 1862, observed that 'Willard's Hotel could more justly be called the center of Washington and the Union than either the Capitol, the White House, or the State Department. . . . You are mixed up here with office seekers, wire pullers, inventors, artists, poets, editors, Army correspondents, attaches of foreign journals, long-winded talkers, clerks, diplomatists, mail contractors, railway directors—until your identity is lost among them.'"
When Ulysees Grant arrived in Washington with his son Fred on March 8, 1864, checking into the Willard Hotel, where the desk clerk, gave the once-over to this scruffy looking soldier, assigned the two to a small room on the top floor. Then he told Grant that he would have to carry his luggage himself as no porters were available. Grant agreed and signed the register "U.S. Grant and son, Galena, Illinois." The stunned clerk realized then that the new commander of all Union armies was standing in front of him. The embarrassed man swiftly backtracked and switched Grant to a suite on the second floor. He then personally carried Grant's luggage to his room.
What a difference a few years can make in a greeting to the same man.
Leaving the White House, President Grant would often settle in the Willard lobby for a cigar and brandy. It is said that he began to call those that accosted him "lobbyists." (Even now in 2018, frequent visitors spend time in this same venue."
This hotel constantly hosted those seekers in Washington. Established in 1848, the Red Robin bar was a frequent meeting place. The University Club of Washington was founded in the hotel's Red Room in 1904, then in 1908, the National Press Club was founded.
Nothing was too lavish during the Gilded Age, as visitors thronged the dining room.
Presidents Taylor, Fillmore, Pierce, Buchanan, Lincoln, Grant, Taft, Wilson, Coolidge and Harding stayed at the Willard. Besides other notable guests mentioned, others have included Charles Dickens, Buffalo Bill, David Lloyd George, P.T. Barnum, and countless others. Walt Whitman included the Willard in his verses, and Mark Twain wrote two books there in the early 1900s.
(a 1900 view of the rebuilt hotel of 12 stories)
"Besides living at The Willard during his entire term as Vice President, Calvin Coolidge remained at the hotel while Mrs. Harding moved out of The White House. It was during this time in which the Presidential flag flew outside the hotel."
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. sat in the hotel lobby with his closest advisors to make final edits to his famous "I Have a Dream" speech just hours before delivering it on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial in 1963.
The Willard closed its doors in 1968 and opened them to new ownership and restoration in 1983. And then in 2000, another multi-million dollar renovation took place.
Today 335 rooms are available.
Tradition, elegance, and style continue to abound at this Washington address, as they have for almost 2002 years.
"It takes an endless amount of history to make even a little tradition." Henry James
The Willard Hotel oozes tradition, and I want to sit-a-spell there.
Posted in Uncategorized and tagged "Julia Ward Howe, Abraham Lincoln, Henry James, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Pennsylvania Avenue, The Willard Hotel, ulysses Grant. Bookmark the permalink.
"Do Lord, Do Lord, Do Remember Me"
On our summer vacation trips, Daddy taught us lots of songs. "Do Lord" was one of those that we enjoyed singing and clapping our hands to. The melody and lyrics are simple, but it is one of those tapping-the-feet songs.
There were times that we sang it at family reunions and in Sunday School. Unless you're in a car, a person has to stand to sing, because sitting just won't do. "Do Lord" is such a fun song. Adults also liked it; their smiles, hands, and feet proclaimed their enjoyment.
John's family used to sing it in church and on the porches as a family.
In 1925 Garner Bros. released the first recording of this song. Johnny Cash made it famous. Even though an author isn't clearly identified for this gospel song, it is attributed to Julia Ward Lowe, speaker, | 1,794 |
Take Hwy 149 from Lake City to County Road 30 (the Lake San Cristobal turnoff), then about 6.6 miles to trailhead parking.
Quick, short hike or not-so-quick long hike – Williams Creek is one of those something-for-everyone trails for hikers and horseback riders alike. For those<|fim_middle|> the saddle of Grassy Mountain. | with limited time, a trek of about 1.5 miles to a talus slope provides a great, micro-escape into the magical San Juans of Hinsdale County. However, with bright blue skies and a cool, mild breeze beckoning, we chose a close to 6-mile trek to above timberline on Thursday morning, June 20.
Signing in at the trailhead, we left a beautiful flat meadow and hiked primarily "up" the trail, which traverses steep hills, crosses Williams Creek, travels along and above other (somewhat dry) drainages, crosses talus fields, and, almost continuously climbs through pine, fir, aspen and wildflower-laden terrain until it breaks out above timberline. Every now and then, a high meadow provided flatter and open resting places to catch a breath, take pictures, and hydrate.
At about the 2-mile mark the trail crossed a large meadow, eerily "peppered" with the dry bones of a past inhabitant, and joined an old jeep trail. Another 3.5 to 4 miles of uphill climb, with just a few park-like rest points, and we were rewarded with amazing 360-degree views from a 12,000-plus foot precipice above the alpine tundra that adorns | 275 |
Сергей Романович Белякович (7 июля 1953 — 31 мая 2009) — советский и российский актёр, основатель и артист Московского театра на Юго-Западе, заслуженный артист Российской Федерации. Брат основателя и руководителя Театра на Юго-Западе, народного артиста России Валерия Беляковича.
Биография
Сергей Белякович родился 7 июля 1953 года в подмосковном (на то время) посёлке Востряково. Мать — Клавдия Дмитриевна Баранова, родом из деревни Городецкие выселки (Рязанская область). Во время войны (Великая Отечественная война) была председателем колхоза, ей было 17 лет, когда её выбрали на эту должность. Выйдя замуж и родив двоих сыновей, сменила несколько специальностей. В частности, работала кладовщицей и буфетчицей. Отец — Роман Григорьевич Белякович, родом из Брестской области, работал на железобетонном заводе в Востряково, позже — мастером по холодильным установкам.
Сергей окончил школу в родном Востряково, потом техникум, отслужил в армии, работал в метро (мастер путей), а также на заводе «Кристалл» (огранщик алмазов пятой, высшей, категории). Страстно увлекался рыбалкой, любил готовить, писал стихи, актёром становиться не собирался. Интерес к театральному искусству в нём пробудил старший брат Валерий. Валерий Белякович увлёкся театром ещё в школе; вернувшись из армии, он сообщил брату, что будет режиссёром и создаст свой театр. Сергей согласился участвовать и предложил приобщить друзей. Первым позвал своего одноклассника Виктора Авилова, потому что тот умел хорошо рассказывать анекдоты.
Свой первый спектакль «Женитьба Коли Гоголя» будущие основатели Театра на Юго-Западе сыграли в 1974 году в востряковском клубе. Сергей Белякович позже рассказывал об этом так:
«Премьера проходила в клубе Мещерский в Вострякове. Зритель был свой — местные жители. Ни разу не приходилось даже стоять на сцене перед зрителями, а тут ещё надо было двигаться, говорить, общаться, петь. От начала спектакля и до самого конца испытывал чувство, которое можно сравнить лишь с чувством первой любви…».
В 1976 году Валерий Белякович поступил в ГИТИС на режиссуру, а через год его самодеятельной труппе дали помещение в цокольном этаже дома № 125 по проспекту Вернадского. Актёрским университетом для Сергея Беляковича стала сцена, которую он с товарищами построил своими руками. Недостающие стройматериалы воровали с окрестных строек, на покупку дрели скинулись первые зрители — жители соседних домов.
Вплоть до 1990 года в Театре на Юго-Западе давали по два спектакля за вечер. Сергей Белякович к этому времени сыграл уже 25 ролей, он выходил на сцену почти без выходных. В Театре на Юго-Западе того времени так было принято: сегодня ты играешь главную роль, а завтра бегаешь в массовке. Это был принцип Валерия Беляковича, он хотел, чтобы театр был большой семьёй, в которой все равны.
Сергей Белякович считается одним из основателей Юго-Запада не только потому, что в буквальном смысле строил театр своими руками в конце 70-х, но и потому, что являлся одним из авторов стиля этого театра, сформировавшегося в 1980-е и в 1990-е годы. Во-первых, за счёт своих личностных и актёрских качеств, он был юго-западным Жаном Габеном. А во-вторых, он участвовал в создании спектаклей в качестве члена режиссёрской группы. К примеру, именно Сергей Белякович подсказал определяющий режиссёрский ход при постановке спектакля «Ромео и Джульетта» (1992 год). На Юго-Западе Монтекки и Капулетти фехтуют обрезками труб, а не какими-нибудь шпагами. Таким оружием дрались под<|fim_middle|>:Театр на Юго-Западе
Беляковичи
Похороненные на Пыхтинском кладбище | ростки в рабочем посёлке Востряково, когда братья Беляковичи были ещё детьми.
Всего в театре на Юго-Западе Сергей Белякович сыграл более 50 ролей. Последней его ролью стал комбат Владимир в спектакле «Аллегория», поставленном в 2007 году его сыном Михаилом Беляковичем и Олегом Анищенко.
Скончался 31 мая 2009 года. Похоронен 3 июня на Пыхтинском кладбище.
Личная жизнь
Первая жена — Ольга Авилова (1958 года рождения), сестра Виктора Авилова, актриса Театра на Юго-Западе. Сын — Михаил Белякович (1979 года рождения), актёр и режиссёр Театра на Юго-Западе.
Вторая жена (свадьба в 1984 году) — Елена Белякович (девичья фамилия — Марченко, родилась в 1965 году), юрист по образованию и по профессии, сын — Павел Белякович (1985 года рождения).
Роли, сыгранные в Театре на Юго-западе
2007 — «Аллегория», А. Селин, постановка О. Анищенко и М. Беляковича — Владимир
2006 — «Требуется старый клоун», М. Вишнек, постановка В. Беляковича — Пеппино
2002 — «Опера нищих /J. Gay — Opera.ru», по мотивам Дж. Гэя, постановка В. Беляковича — Пичем
2001 — «Самоубийца», Н. Эрдман, постановка В. Беляковича — Отец Елпидий
2000 — «Конкурс», А. Галин, постановка В. Беляковича — Коля-Кочегар
1999 — «Братья» («Эмигранты»), С. Мрожек, постановка В. Беляковича — XX
1999 — «Три сестры», А. Чехов, постановка В. Беляковича — Кулыгин
1999 — «Щи», В. Сорокин, постановка В. Беляковича — Сибирский шеф-повар в законе Рысь на вертеле, повар Эскалоп Воронежский и Ямщик
1996 — «Страсти по Мольеру», В. Белякович по мотивам пьес Ж-Б. Мольера, постановка В. Беляковича — Журден и сваха Фрозина
1996 — «Сон в летнюю ночь», У. Шекспир, постановка В. Беляковича — Рыло, Кузнец Основа, он же Стена и Осёл
1996 — «На дне», М. Горький, постановка В. Беляковича — Лука
1994 — «Слуга двух господ», К. Гольдони, постановка В. Беляковича — Флориндо
1994 — «Макбет», У. Шекспир, постановка В. Беляковича — Банко
1993 — «Мастер и Маргарита», М. Булгаков, инсценировка В. Беляковича, постановка В. Беляковича — Азазелло, Берлиоз
1992 — «Ромео и Джульетта», У. Шекспир, постановка В. Беляковича — Капулетти
1992 — «Укрощение строптивой», У. Шекспир, постановка В. Беляковича — Бьонделло
1991 — «Птидепе», В. Гавел, постановка В. Беляковича — Машат
1989 — «Вальпургиева ночь», В. Ерофеев, постановка В. Беляковича — Боря-Мордоворот
1989 — «Калигула», А. Камю, постановка В. Беляковича — Мерейя
1988 — «Трилогия» («Свадьба Кречинского», «Дело», «Смерть Тарелкина»), А. Сухово-Кобылин, постановка В. Беляковича — Муромский, Брандахлыстова
1987 — «Дураки», Н. Саймон, постановка В. Беляковича — Граф Юзекевич
1986 — «С днём рождения, Ванда Джун!», К. Воннегут, постановка В. Беляковича — Гарольд Райен
1986 — «Сёстры», Л. Разумовская, постановка В. Беляковича — Пётр Куликов
1985 — «Трактирщица», К. Гольдони, постановка В. Беляковича — Маркиз Форлипополи
1985 — «Школа любви», Э. Ветемаа, постановка В. Беляковича — Фердинанд Весихарк
1985 — «Агент 00», Г. Боровик, постановка В. Беляковича — Спец.зам. 1985 — «Русские люди», К. Симонов, постановка В. Беляковича — Глоба 1984 — «Гамлет», У. Шекспир, постановка В. Беляковича — Клавдий, Полоний, Бернардо, Актёр 1984 — «Самозванец», Л. Корсунский, постановка В. Беляковича — Гриша Гусев 1984 — «Три цилиндра», М. Миура, постановка В. Беляковича — Буби Бартон 1983 — «Ревизор», Н. Гоголь, постановка В. Беляковича — Городничий 1983 — «Штрихи к портрету» по рассказам В. Шукшина, постановка В. Беляковича — Глеб Капустин («Срезал»), Колька («Хозяин бани и огорода»), Звягин («Забуксовал») и др. 1982 — «Носороги», Э. Ионеско, постановка В. Беляковича — Жан 1981 — «Дракон», Е. Шварц, постановка В. Беляковича — Третья Голова Дракона, Тюремщик 1981 — «Игроки», Н. Гоголь, постановка В. Беляковича — Утешительный 1982 — «Владимир 3-ей степени», Н. Гоголь, постановка В. Беляковича — Бурдюков, Миша и др. 1980 — «Мольер», («Кабала святош») М. Булгаков, постановка В. Беляковича — Д'Орсиньи, Жодле 1980 — «Жаворонок». Ж. Ануй, постановка В. Беляковича — Бодрикур 1979 — «Старый дом», А. Казанцев, постановка В. Беляковича — Максим Глебов 1974 — «Женитьба», Н. Гоголь, постановка В. Беляковича — Яичница 1979 — «Старые грехи», по рассказам А. Чехова, постановка В. Беляковича — Доктор («Хирургия»), Шлепкин («Два газетчика»), Камышев («На чужбине») и др. 1978 — «Уроки дочкам» («Урок дочкам» И. Крылова и «Беда от нежного сердца» В. Соллогуба), постановка В. Беляковича — помещик Велькаров, Аграфена Кубыркина Фильмография
1987 — «Прошу не называть мою фамилию» (фильм-спектакль, режиссёр Анатолий Малкин).
1989 — «Самозванец» (фильм-спектакль) — Гусев (главная роль).
1990 — «А в России опять окаянные дни» (режиссёр Владимир Васильков).
1990 — «Московский полицейский Каминский» («Le flic de Moscou» Crime sous hypnose, Франция) — Олег.
2001 — «Игры в подкидного» (режиссёр Александр Клименко) — глава администрации.
2001 — «Школа Этуалей» (режиссёр Валерий Белякович).
2003 — «Москва. Центральный округ» (8-я серия, режиссёр Владимир Щегольков) — Бусыгин.
2007 — «Закон и порядок: Преступный умысел-2» (фильм № 17, режиссёр Георгий Николаенко) — Ледогор.
2008 — «Трюкачи» (фильм № 3, режиссёры Игорь Пекер, Владимир Лешаков) — Старыгин.
2009 — «Супруги» (18-я серия, режиссёр Иван Щеголев).
2010 — «Знаки судьбы» (2-я серия, режиссёр Константин Саркисян).
Озвучивание
2004 — «Столичный сувенир» (анимационный) — Первый бандит''
2017 — «League of Legends» (компьютерная игра) — Орн
Примечания
Ссылки
Страница актёра на сайте Театра на Юго-Западе
Наталья Старосельская. Объяснение в любви в алфавитном порядке: А, Б, В
Б. Голдовский. Не спешите… делать добро
Персоналии | 2,859 |
Thoughtfully renovated 2 bedroom, 1 bath cottage has everything you need for a comfortable vacation. Located on a quiet street in the heart of Black Mountain, surrounded by trees, landscaped gardens, and the sounds of chirping birds. Beautifully furnished and decorated with an eclectic mix of old and new, the cottage has all the amenities of a modern home. Enjoy a cup of coffee on the front porch, curl up with your favorite book by the fire, or just relax and enjoy the quiet . Cardinal's View Cottage is within easy walking distance to Lake Tomahawk or shopping and dining in downtown Black Mountain. Easy access to I-40, and a short 15 minute drive to Asheville.
3 night minimum stay during Fall Leaf Season.
4 night minimum stay during Thanksgiving, Christmas and New Years.
My family and I stayed at Cardinal's View Cottage during Christmas and it was absolutely wonderful! Mike was extremely easy to communicate with, and the house was nicely decorated for the holidays. The fireplace made the living room warm and cozy, we enjoyed the surround sound while watching Christmas movies, and really appreciated the fully stocked kitchen. We walked to downtown Black Mountain several times, great location!
Submitted Dec 22, 2016 by Combs from Cary, NC.
We typically rent apartments or homes when we vacation in and out of the US and found Cardinal View Cottage to be one of the nicest places we have stayed. It felt like home the minute we<|fim_middle|> property I have ever seen or experienced. An excellent plus value. Greybeard Realty has also been a wonderful rental management company to work with and would highly recommend them when looking for vacation rental.
The small cottage is very well appointed and comfortable. The owners have excellent taste. Drawbacks: only 1 bathroom for 2 BR; washer/dryer are in the basement/garage that can only be accessed from the outside.
Submitted Aug 01, 2011 by Jrfatl from Atlanta, Gerogia.
We stayed at Cardinal's View for the July 4th holiday this year. It was so relaxing and comfortable. The home, surrounded by beautiful, mature trees, is located a short walking distance to the quaint downtown, which is full of nice, local shopping establishments, restaurants, and a beautiful mountain lake (with the most interesting evening primroses on display!). We were also able to enjoy the short drive to Mt. Mitchell, the highest peak east of the Mississippi, hike to a couple beautiful waterfalls, and enjoy some terrific micro-brew beer in Asheville. This home is perfectly situated to enjoy all that the Smokies have to offer. And the neighbors living in the vicinity are so friendly - we felt like we met some friends for life. We both can't wait to return in the fall and enjoy some if the great foliage the area is famous for!
Submitted Feb 09, 2011 by DallasCorbin from Dallas.
Excellent location for those people that want to feel at home away from home. Looks as though this house has been totally remodeled and has a great flow throughout the home. Since it is located centrally in Black Mountain, you are within walking distance of the historic downtown area along with adventurous opportunities to hike, zip-line, shop in Asheville or just relax. We would highly recommend this property for any occasion especially for those wanting to get away for several nights or weeks to escape the hustle of a large city.
This was the cutest and cleanest place I have ever stayed. I loved everything about it. We had one small water issue, but they took care of it right away. Greybeard was more than accommodating and the owners of the house have been wonderful to talk with after our stay. I can't wait to stay in this house again. | walked through the door. The cottage is beautifully and thoughtfully furnished and the kitchen has everything you need to prepare meals if you feel like staying in. They even provided an apron! Everything worked perfectly and the beds were comfortable and cozy. We look forward to returning again in the near future.
We love what you have done with the house!
Submitted Jul 22, 2014 by Dennis & Myra from Plano, TX.
Always enjoy our stay at Cardinal View. The Wi Fi didn't work for us. Our only complaint.
We really enjoyed our stay at the Cardinal's view cottage. The home was very clean and perfectly equipped with everything we needed. It is nestled in the trees in a lovely, quiet neighborhood close to shops and restaurants. We enjoyed sitting on the porch looking at the beautiful landscaping and watching the birds. We found everything as advertised and would definitely recommend this place to a friend.
Everything about this beautiful cottage was thoughtful in decor and comfort from the comfy beds to perfectly placed lighting. Mike was great to work with and even landscaping was inviting to add to charm. Perfect for coming home to after full days of checking out the mountains and areas nearby. Would love to have had more time to stay.
Charming 2 bedroom home; beautiful setting.
Submitted Jul 12, 2014 by Sam & LaRae from California.
This was our 5th annual summer visit to Black Mountain and this home. We return because of it's location, comfort and charm. The kitchen is well equipped and convenient to work in. Every window provides a view of green trees. Bird songs may waken you in the morning and delight you throughout the day. The front porch offers a good listening place and comfort to read, relax and reflect. The town center, Lake Tomahawk and Montreat are within walking distance of the home.
The cottage is located in a very peaceful and friendly neighborhood. The entire cottage is very clean and well furnished. The pictures don't do adequate justice to how well decorated the interior of the home is. The kitchen is very clean and very functional (newly remodeled). The attention to detail is quite impressive. We had no problems or hiccups. The owner is very responsive with all inquiries. We had a very nice experience.
Submitted Apr 30, 2014 by Kathy from DC.
I was very happy when I walked in the front door to my "home away from home" for a few days. The cottage is clean and obviously well-cared for... It is beautifully renovated and decorated in a comfy, cottage style and I had everything I needed - even if I had wanted to cook dinner. The bed was comfortable and the location was quiet and pretty - I really prefer staying in Black Mountain, and going in to visit Asheville, personally. And this was a great spot for a home base. The owner was prompt and professional with all communications and provided some great suggestions for local services. He was very easy to work with and the payment process was easy. I would definitely recommend Cardinal's View to anyone looking for a home stay in the Black Mountain or Asheville area. It's just what I was looking for!
Submitted Oct 23, 2013 by Galinfla from Florida.
Wonderful decorator touches throughout! Great location to downtown Black Mountain.....plenty of kitchen utensils and home immaculate, upon arrival. A lil chilly to sit outside, but loved having a fire in the indoor fireplace and being in the mountains to help usher in the fall season!
Submitted Oct 12, 2013 by Dennis and Myra from Texas.
Submitted Aug 22, 2013 by A househunter from CT.
Cardinal's View was comfortable and very well appointed. My wife and our fourteen-year old daughter found it a near-perfect place to stay while house hunting in the area. If we have a quibble or two (a barking dog across the street,) none were the fault of the property itself. The place was spotlessly clean and the Greybeard folks couln't have been nicer or more helpful.
Submitted May 27, 2013 by A FlipKey Verified Reviewer from New Jersey.
Great service. Comfortable and clean house. Very convenient and quiet location. We loved WNC and Black Mountain in particular.
Submitted Jul 18, 2012 by A FlipKey Verified Reviewer from Little Rock.
This cottage exceeded our expectations! It is so beatifully decorated, with a gorgeous kitchen and bathroom. All of the modern conveniences, but in keeping with the cottage decor. This house is perfect for a small family. It is ideally-located very close to Lake Tomahawk, the center of Black Mountain, and Montreat. Highly recommended!!
A peaceful, rejuvenating stay in a wonderful location.
Submitted Jun 28, 2012 by Sam Foushee and La Rae Schneider from CA.
This is our second time staying in Cardinal's View. The home is charming, well equipped, quiet and very comfortable. We had family and friends visit several times, and everyone enjoyed being there. We especially liked the beautiful setting and landscaping and liked being so close to town where everything was within walking or biking distance. Greybeard's handling of the rental was flawless.
Submitted May 16, 2012 by Gary from OK.
This was the ideal mountain retreat for my second stay in beautiful Black Mountain. This cottage was comfortable, and accommodated our every need. The architecture and furnishings of this retreat were inviting and cozy. The home was spotless and even smelled fresh and clean ( no hotel room smell). The kitchen with its gleaming marble countertops, had everything one would find in their own home and more. The home was perfect for us to take a short stroll into town ( the Dripolator coffee is amazing). Yet we were surrounded by trees, with a view of the mountains. I was also very pleased with everyone at Greybeard Rentals, very friendly and helpful, oh and the fresh bread at arrival was perfect!! Even the neighbors were nice, we will definitely be back to Cardinals View for our future getaways !!
The best vacation rental we've ever had.
Submitted Jul 25, 2012 by Sopranolynn from FL.
Cardinal's View was the perfect rental. We spent a week here, and really hated to leave. The house is very comfortable, and extremely well equipped. When we've on vacation, we normally have lunch out and cook in for dinner. This kitchen had absolutely everything I could possible have needed. There is also a stocked pantry, and guests are simply asked to replenish any items they use up. We were perfectly happy to put our feet up and read and enjoy relaxing in the comfortable living room. The house is in a quiet residential neighborhood, but houses are not on top of each other. The location is excellent; we walked to Lake Tomahawk and also to the Saturday tailgate market. Also, having had some remote rentals in past years, we appreciated the convenience and ease of getting to and from the house. I had read reviews commenting on the fact that the washer and dryer are in the basement and need to be accessed from outside. This turned out to be no big deal, and a really appreciated having full-size appliances. Also, countertops in the kitchen and bath are higher than usual, but it wasn't a big deal. We would absolutely recommend this rental. The biggest drawback is that there is only one bath for two bedrooms, but that won't deter us from coming back, and hopefully bringing along some other family members.
The best rental experience possible!!!
Submitted Oct 20, 2011 by A FlipKey Verified Reviewer from Washington, DC.
This is our second time staying at Cardinals View. The house is excellent in all respects. Highly recommended. It's the best rental | 1,624 |
UPS drivers are an extremely elusive bunch, especially on patios and front doors. Known for their ninja-level sneaking and uncanny ability to speed from a front door to delivery truck in no time at all, to catch a UPS delivery person at a front door is a near impossible task. It won't be getting any easier either, with an increasing number of vehicles in the UPS fleet becoming electric .As if they weren't silent enough before, now we won't even be able to hear them pull up to the curb as a forewarning. Illusive, indeed.
Unless your patio and front door are on fire. Then they'll probably put the fire out for you, before handing you a box and extracting a signature.
Meet Paul Pereira, a UPS deliveryman who was delivering packages in a Massachusetts neighborhood when<|fim_middle|> this certainly add credit to the phrase "What can brown do for you?" We just have one question: This guy got a raise or promotion, right? | he saw the front door and patio of a nearby household on billowing flames and smoke. With the occupants still inside assuming that it was a neighbor's barbecue, Pereira sprang into action, running to the front door and knocking on it, as most delivery drivers do. But instead of dropping a package and bolting back to the truck faster than humanly possible, Paul warned the residents, evacuating them from the home safely.
As if that wasn't enough, the brown-clad hero proceeded to use the garden hose to extinguish the flames. By the time firefighters showed up, most of the fire had already been put out. (Your move, fire department.) Actions like | 137 |
1935 87 Mystery/Thrillers, The Criterion Collection
Alfred Hitchcock English
Robert Donat, Madeleine Carroll, Lucie Mannheim<|fim_middle|> this gem: it's pure, prime Hitchcock. |
The 39 Steps
After a brief disturbance at a vaudeville show he attends in London, Richard Hannay (Donat) is leaving, when a shaken young woman approaches, asking for his protection. Back at his flat, she tells him she's a British agent trying to prevent a spy ring from shipping a top-secret formula out of the country. When she ends up dead shortly after, suddenly everybody is after Richard — the authorities, who think he's the killer, and the spies, who want him silenced. Armed with few clues, Hannay goes on the run to clear himself. He soon meets Pamela (Carroll), a skeptical beauty who doesn't buy Richard's story and turns him in. Once he escapes from the police, however, fate decrees Richard and Pamela will meet again, and together solve the mystery of "The 39 Steps."
An early classic from the Master, "Steps" is fast, gripping, and clever, with priceless chemistry and repartee between the two charismatic young stars. Hitchcock's most successful film to-date, "Steps" also inaugurated the "innocent man on the run" theme he'd employ again, most memorably a quarter century later in "North By Northwest." "Steps" itself was re-made twice, but trust us — the original towers above the rest. That riveting climactic scene in the vaudeville theatre (where all the fuss began) is justly famous. Don't miss | 300 |
Since the dawn of our current Ice Age, hardwater sages have known that factoring forage into fishing plans is key to consistently catching broad-shouldered bluegills. Simply put, the way to a bull's bite is through its stomach. Same goes for the chunkiest members of the 'gills'<|fim_middle|> connection to big bluegills.
Years later, he believes even more strongly that a bait's speed and cadence has to "feel right" to a big bluegill's lateral line, especially in tough situations. The theory is backed by biology. Michigan State zoology professor Dr. Gary Mittelbach, also an avid fisherman, says when bluegills adapt to whatever's on their home water's menu — be it zooplankton, shrimp, or minnows — they form a search image for that prey. Such an image no doubt consists of all the sensory cues available, including those that stimulate the lateral line system.
Genz encourages us to think hard about the motions we give our baits. "A hard pound is like the tight wobble of a lipless rattlebait in open water, while the bobbing of a spring bobber is similar to the wide wobble of a minnowbait," he explains, warning that ever-changing environmental conditions and the mood of the fish mean that there's no single, killer cadence that works on every occasion. "Don't fish the same way all the time," he says. "Change it up and experiment until you find the right movements for the conditions at hand." It's just one more great tip for ringing the dinner bell for bluegills all winter long.
*Dan Johnson of Harris, Minnesota, is a frequent contributor to In-Fisherman publications and director of the Cabela's Masters Walleye Circuit, masterswalleyecircuit.com. | next of kin, including plump pumpkinseeds, green sunfish, redears, and various hybridized second-cousins of the centrarchid clan.
Dave Genz says proper presentation is all about lure cadence, which includes moves that correctly stimulate the lateral line of panfish.
Since day one, In-Fisherman has preached this gospel and explored its tenets. In fact, the book Ice Fishing Secrets, added to the company library back in 1991, offered the first detailed take on panfish diets, along with insight into how the findings apply on ice. The revelations were far from a flash in the pan. A well-worn copy resides on my bookshelf, and mint copies still grace the shelves of outdoor outfitters such as Cabela's. Even today, the book provides excellent reading on many icy good topics, including planktonic "micro foods" such as Daphnia and copepods.
One notable passage, well ahead of its time, delves into how the type of zooplankton panfish are feeding on helps determine the proper lure and presentation. For example, how slow-bobbing Daphnia dictate a near-constant 1/16- to 1/8-inch bobbing motion — which stands in stark contrast to a copepod's darting locomotions, and the hop-hold jigstrokes needed to mimic them.
With such a long and well-documented history on sunfish food factors, it's tempting to consider the subject fully vetted. But such is not the case. First of all, the Ice Belt's food chains are dynamic — changing from lake to lake, even on the same lake in succeeding winters and, often, throughout the winter on the same body of water. Where 'gills dine on Daphnia in one lake, the menu may differ in another fishery a few miles down the road. So learning the forage ropes is an ongoing process.
Plus, each season, legions of winter warriors push the envelope in search of promising new strategies. Add it together and you have a recipe for food-borne discoveries lasting from this Ice Age well into the next. Following are a few of my favorite revelations, from some of the sport's top guns.
Much has been written on targeting bluegills that are filling their bellies on tiny prey wriggling in, emerging from, or hovering over soft bottoms — and rightfully so. Such scenarios produce countless catches every winter. But the quest for slabs calls some anglers, like veteran guide and Lindy promotions manager Jon Thelen, to take an alternate tack. "You won't find trophy bluegills under a pack of houses set up over soft bottom," he says. "Bluegills get big by spending time away from fishing pressure, in areas where minnows are the main course."
Last light is a known peak period for bluegills, according to Brian Brosdahl — and at times they bite after dark.
To tap the baitfish bite, he looks for oversized, predatory 'gills prowling hard bottom, especially along minnow-attracting transition lines where silt or muck meet rock and gravel. Such areas are prime hunting grounds for larger predators, too. But fear not. "There comes a time in a bluegill's life, when it reaches 9 or 10 inches in length, when it isn't scared of being eaten by bass or anything else, and it moves out into hard-bottom areas," Thelen says. "These bull 'gills might not feed at the same time as walleyes or pike, but they aren't afraid to hang out in the same areas."
Full disclosure: the pattern doesn't pan out everywhere. "Everything is based on a lake's primary forage," Thelen says. "On shallow, fertile prairie lakes, bluegills root forage from the mud because that's the only game in town. And, if you look down the hole and all the minnows are 3 inches or longer, chances are they won't attract many bluegills. But when you have good numbers of minnows up to about 1½ inches in length roaming hard-bottom areas, it's worth checking into."
Thelen's baitfish arsenal hinges on spoons and hardbaits, namely Lindy's 1/16-ounce Rattl' N Flyer Spoon and the 1.33-inch hardbodied Darter. The latter flies solo, but spoons need sweetening. "A minnow head can be a little much, but I pack the trebles with larvae for added scent and attraction," he says. "Jiggling and fluttering attracts fish and triggers strikes. With the Darter, the most important point is slowing things down once a fish moves. Bluegills aren't slashing predators like pike. They like to examine their prey. So when a looker moves in, jiggle and wiggle the Darter — always keeping the bait above the fish, where it's easier to fool it."
Under the right conditions, the harsh underwater world sparks unspeakable dietary choices, including cannibalism. In-Fisherman has documented the habits of hand-sized bluegills eating young-of-the-year 'gills and other panfish, commonly called "flats." The pattern most often occurs in eutrophic to mesotrophic waters throughout the Midwest into the Northeast, where flats serve as one of the primary fall forages. And it continues well into winter, wherever flats hide in still-green vegetation.
Bob Bohlund, who spends a lot of time on pressured pans in the Twin Cities metro area, says that predatory green and pumpkinseed sunfish also target flats in weeds, a pattern he follows from early winter until the weeds die off. "Giant green sunfish love young-of-the-year bluegills," he says, "and big greens and 'seeds stick around vegetation after the mature 'gills move on to deeper pastures."
Bob Bohlund taps the cannibal bite when 'gills and other unsentimental sunfish gorge on young-of-the-year "flats" in shallow greenery.
To play the cannibal card, he bounces hole-to-hole, hunting for active fish. He drops a 1/16-ounce holographic-sided jigging spoon such as Lindy's Frostee, tipped with plastics or waxworms, to bottom, then raises and shakes it to attract nearby fish. "If I don't get any takers fast, I move on," he says.
A ceaseless student of sunfish behavior, Bohlund also tests the boundaries of one of ice fishing's last frontiers — the bluegill night bite. "They're considered daytime feeders, but night bites happen on big, clear lakes during winter," he says, admitting he's still in the process of cracking the nocturnal code. "It's sporadic, sometimes happening at 8 p.m., other times 2 in the morning. All of a sudden big bluegills turn on and start hitting baits I'm fishing for crappies." He suspects a zooplankton connection, and notes that active presentations get hit, while deadsticks languish.
Northwoods ice-fishing icon Brian "Bro" Brosdahl also flirts with the bluegill night life, which he links to major insect hatches. "A huge mass of insects coming up in the water column gets 'gills running and gunning, picking off midnight snacks," he says. "This is a great time to catch the biggest bluegills in the lake." Like Bohlund, he favors animation once darkness falls, though he may anchor a crappie minnow on a dead line close by, to hold fish in the area. Go-to baits include a Northland Gill Getter or Bro Bug tipped with waxworms or a Bloodworm tail.
Other Brosdahl forage maxims include targeting insect-rich, ultra-shallow weeds early in the season. "Where there's food and cover, there are bluegills," he says. In the jungle, bulky baits get the nod. Think bug-style heads dressed with a plastic body. Conversely, when weed die-offs shutter the shallow buffet, Brosdahl rides herd as the bull migration moseys out to the muddy edge at the base of a break. Here, he ties on smaller but fast-falling jigheads that mimic bloodworms and zooplankton.
No look at the bluegill diet connection is complete without a word from the father of modern ice fishing, Dave Genz. Co-author of Ice Fishing Secrets, (along with In-Fisherman founder Al Lindner, and Editor In Chief Doug Stange), Genz has enlightened legions of followers on the importance of striking the right location, depth, and lure color. But he also believes, now more than ever, that moving the bait in manners similar to those of the forage — or in a way that attracts curious panfish — is key to consistent success.
"People are too hung up on lure color," he says. "It's important, but matching the hatch doesn't have as much to do with catching fish as the lure's speed, or of its cadence — which is a repetition of the same movement. Years ago, when I started fishing the shallow, clear waters of Iowa's West Lake Okoboji, I was amazed at how local anglers could sit in one spot and fill their buckets while I couldn't, no matter how many holes I drilled. Other visiting anglers got frustrated and never came back. But I stayed, and kept trying. And eventually I discovered that the secret was drawing the fish in to the bait with a rhythmic repetition of motions."
Jon Thelen works the minnow | 2,012 |
Mono no Aware es el título del primer álbum de estudio en solitario del compositor español Jesús Díez, lanzado en diciembre de 2016.
El estilo del disco bebe del metal sinfónico a la vez que incluye<|fim_middle|>oclip de Mono no Aware
Álbumes de 2016
Álbumes de Jesús Díez | instrumentos tradicionales japoneses, como el koto y el shamisen. Temáticamente aborda leyendas del folclore japonés, así como temas filosóficos, como el concepto de mono no aware, y emocionales. Además de los temas de composición propia, el álbum incluye versiones de piezas tradicionales como Sakura. La portada es un trabajo de Jairo Valverde.
El 17 de diciembre se presentó oficialmente el videoclip de Mono no Aware, el tema de piano y voz que da nombre al disco, rodado en las calles de Kyoto y el Teatro Circo de Albacete.
Lista de canciones
Videoclips
Mono no Aware.
Créditos
Miembros
Jesús Díez - Composición, letras, guitarras, arreglos orquestales y producción.
Músicos invitados
Ster Raventós: Voz femenina, coros.
Fernando Asensi: Voz masculina, coros, batería, mezcla.
Ayako Hotta-Lister: Koto.
Hibiki Ichikawa: Shamisen.
Bárbara Mongil: Clarinete.
Aaron Van Allen: Bajo.
Referencias
Enlaces externos
Página oficial de Jesús Díez
Canal de YouTube de Jesús Díez
Vide | 290 |
The Philippine Islands, 1493-1803 - Volume 04 of 55 1576-1582 Explorations by Early Navigators, Descriptions of the Islands and<|fim_middle|> king should at once send an expedition for the conquest of China, for which four thousand to six thousand men would be needed. He argues that this enterprise would be an act of justice, for several curious reasons: it would free the wretched Chinese from the oppressive tyranny and cruelty of their rulers; it is right to punish them for their many crimes and vices; and they ought to be compelled to admit foreigners to their country. The governor is not troubled by any scruples of conscience respecting the Line of Demarcation; for he affirms that all the region from the Moluccas to the islands of Japan, inclusive, with Borneo and all the coast of China, is "within the demarcation of Spain." He is ready to drive the Portuguese out of the Moluccas, if the king will consent thereto.
Sande gives further details as to the Philippines and their people. The climate is healthful, for those who live temperately. The culture of rice is described, and the fertility of the soil praised. Much interesting information is given regarding the characteristics, habits, and customs of the people; he regards most of them as drunken, licentious, and idle, and avaricious and murderous. The governor has rebuilt the ruined fort at Cebu; but he thinks that a settlement there is useless and expensive.... | Their Peoples, Their History and Records of the Catholic Missions, as Related in Contemporaneous Books and Manuscripts, Showing the Political, Economic, Commercial and Religious Conditions of Those Islands from Their Earliest Relations with European Nations to the Beginning of the Nineteenth Century
by Emma Helen Blair
History > Asia
The first official report sent by Governor Francisco de Sande to the home government is dated June 7, 1576. It is introduced by a description of the winds prevalent in the Indian Archipelago. Arriving at Manila (August 25, 1575), he finds that much of the city has been destroyed by a Chinese pirate named Limahon; and he relates, in a graphic manner, the circumstances of this affair. In the first attack (September, 1574), fourteen Spaniards and more than eighty Chinese are slain. The enemy renew the attack a few days later, but are repulsed with much loss. The Moros of the vicinity rebel, insulting and robbing the friars and defiling the churches. The Chinese proceed to Pangasinan, where they erect a fort, determining to establish themselves there. All the Spanish forces are assembled, and an expedition is sent (March 23, 1575), under Juan de Salcedo, to attack the marauders. In the first encounter the Spanish are victorious; but through mismanagement they fail to follow up their success, and finally the Chinese depart from Luzón. A Chinese officer named Omocon comes to search for the pirate Limahon; on his return, he carries some Augustinian friars to China, but they return in a few months. The Chinese bring certain presents to the governor, which he turns over to the king. He does not like that people, saying that they are mean, impudent, importunate, and deceitful. He relates many interesting particulars regarding the country and people of China—derived from the various reports which have come to him from traders, missionaries, and the Filipino natives.
Sande has a poor opinion of the trade with China; the only useful article which the Chinese bring to the Philippines is iron. He urges here, as in the letter preceding this report, that the | 463 |
Gerry O'Neill discusses his experiences with the GAA in Kilkenny and further afield over the years. He recalls attending club and county games as a boy and what the atmosphere was like in those days. He later payed hurling at Kilkenny CBS before going to Dublin for teacher training and to Zambia after he had qualified. When he settled as a teacher in Muckalee he took a great interest in schools hurling and was involved in developing that. Over time he became more involved with the Dicksboro club, to the extent that he wrote a book on their history. Gerry also wrote 'The Kilkenny GAA Bible' and he offers insights on how yearbooks are compiled and<|fim_middle|>. He also sheds some light on the history of the Talbot's Inch area from where he is from, and the contribution of Lady Desert to life in the community - a contribution that he feels has not been recognised as much as it should have been. | on what happens at committee level in preparation for annual releases | 11 |
TC Electronic seriously upped the ante for clip-on tuners when they engineered an updated version of their PolyTune technology into a headstock tuner to create the PolyTune Clip. Many of us here at Music Experience have searched for the perfect tuner — one that combines the power of a rackmount or pedal-style unit with the convenience of a clip-on — and the PolyTune Clip is among the best we've found. It delivers the speed of polyphonic tuning and greater monophonic accuracy than any PolyTune model that's come before it. Whether you're camping in the middle of nowhere, or just want to pull one more pedal out of your signal chain, the TC Electronic PolyTune Clip definitely deserves your attention.
TC Electronic's obsession with building the ultimate polyphonic tuner into a clip-on model is abundantly clear in the PolyTune Clip, a product of two years of extensive research and engineering. Everything involved with the PolyTune Clip was custom built or improved upon, down to the custom resin enclosure and redesigned electronics that run on about 4% of the power of the original. At the same time, the PolyTune Clip's readout is the same totally intuitive LED matrix that lets you move quickly from string to string. With just a couple of strums and a few tuning machine twists, you'll be 99% of the way there.
When you really want to hone in on an individual string, the PolyTune Clip's MonoPoly function makes it simple. There's no need to fumble around with your PolyTune Clip — MonoPoly automatically detects if you're playing one string or strumming, and it switches modes for you. Choose from a traditional chromatic mode or a very cool stroboscopic mode for single-string tuning. The chromatic mode features a magnetic needle, which slows down as you get closer to pitch, and +/- 0.5-cent accuracy. And if you need even greater accuracy, the +/- 0.02-cent sensitivity of the PolyTune Clip's redesigned strobe mode should satisfy your needs. It can even handle the low B string of your 5-string bass!
Despite its scaled-down format, TC Electronic managed to pack 105 ultra-bright LEDs into the PolyTune Clip's display — only two fewer than the PolyTune Mini! That means you get the same flexible display as you'd get from one of the PolyTune 2 pedals with zero compromises. What's more, the PolyTune Clip's adaptive display can sense its orientation, so the display is always facing the right way, no matter where you clip it. Whether you're right or left handed, or if you prefer your clip on the front or back of your headstock, your PolyTune Clip<|fim_middle|> tiny headstock ninja the highest of all honors - the fabled black coating! PolyTune Clip's discreet design provides stealthy tune-ups - on stage or in the studio - so you're back to perfect pitch before anyone even notices you're drifting. With the PolyTune Clip your performance will be legendary! | will always be easy to read and ready to use.
Sporting ultra-precise strobe, chromatic and polyphonic modes, the PolyTune Clip is the reigning champion and resident black belt of all things tuning. Fittingly, we've awarded this | 54 |
Workplace is a space where ease and professionalism go hand in hand. Each person who opts to work in such places faces quite a few changes in themselves and immense grooming. However, workplace can be a source of challenge for some too. And if someone works abroad, then the scale of challenged heighten even more. Many workplace challenges restrict us from doing our best, which ends up sabotaging our career. Among the list of countless challenges, there are 5 basic challenges which are most commonly faced by people in their workplaces. Read about them in detail below.
Cultural boundaries are the one which causes the most discomfort and cognitive dissonance in a workplace. When mingling with people who belong from different cultures, we not just learn about them but also feel isolated which can affect our performance. Moreover, this issue can also be seen when the employees seek for cultural holidays for their festivals in a workplace with a large different culture and religious following. Another important reason that cultural boundaries can be infectious is because the stigmas attached to each culture can allow people to judge each other and hold grudges. This cannot just disrupt workplace ethics but also affect a person psychologically. This is how culture can be a huge hindrance<|fim_middle|> male colleague who works just as hard and in the same department as her. Positions for CEO are reserved for males no matter how much better a female employee is than the one assigned. Moreover, hardly a few people are interested in working in a company that is run by a woman. There are just a few examples of workplace sexism which restricts an honest, and talented employee based on their gender.
The intersex, the transgender, and the other communities are not even considered to be taken into the workplace as if their gender has anything to do with their skills and the welfare of the company. Such sorts of sexism does its share of harm to the company by losing an eligible candidate over unfair demands.
It is really important for the company which has hired multiple employees to provide if not lavish, then at least basic services to them. Not providing them makes the people working there be miserable. The quality of fresh water and beverages, clean bathrooms, and hygienic environments has to be taken care of by the company perfectly. Due to that, if the services that are being provided are healthy then the performances and aura is going to be healthy enough for the people to be really keen on working better.
The performance of the employees are partially dependent on the infrastructure, which enables them to work comfortably and effectively. Too bright or too dull lightening can cause discomfort for the people to work in. Usage of good quality furniture and airy spaces in the office can help the employees feel comfortable in their own space. Also, giving each employee a safe space for themselves can really work well especially for the introverts. Moreover, taking care of their health by installing appliances with respect to the weather and make sure they feel no barrier helps them in working their best. It takes care of their health and ensures a safe environment. These small details are important to improve the productivity of the people or else they themselves will be responsible.
Conclusively, the factors that are mentioned above are really important to be taken care of and dealt with effectively. Moreover, it takes teamwork to fight off the diversity and barriers to make the workplace healthy and productive for everyone. | and a challenge in a workplace.
Healthy competition can prove to be really effective in terms of making a great performance. Moreover, it pushes people to uncover their hidden talents and put a good use of it which benefits both the workplace and the person. But, this competition can turn into a grudge real quick. Employees can put the other employees down and plagiarize their efforts into their own. One needs to be careful of such unhealthy competitions with their colleagues and step themselves away if even the slightest hint of it is being shown.
The most crucial yet the most neglected factor ever to exist in a workplace ever is the casual or extreme use of sexism. Sexism means to discriminate a person based on their gender. Often in most conservative workplaces, sexism has been seen a lot to target women and the LGBTQ+ community constantly. In some places, women are deprived of the equal pay as her | 176 |
Monsignor Cummings
Monsignor Cummings, Pillar of Strength...Christ the One Foundation
Matthew Cummings was ordained a priest for the Archdiocese of Chicago in 1916. After two years of ministry at Corpus Christi parish and with the United States inching closer and closer to active involvement in the war in Europe, Fr. Cummings volunteered for service as chaplain to American troops overseas. He accompanied troops on several crossings on crowded transports and made his way to the front lines to celebrate the Sacraments with and for the wounded and dead. He counseled many soldiers suffering greatly from the merciless "trench" warfare. In 1919 Fr. Cummings was sent back state-side and relieved of his duties in the Armed Forces due to injuries sustained during a "Mustard Gas" attack in the trenches of Europe.
Back in Chicago, he briefly served at St. Thomas the Apostle parish and was then called to teach at the new Quigley Preparatory Seminary. He served for the next six years as a professor, training young men interested in priesthood. Among the hundreds of aspirants who received Monsignor Cummings' tutelage was a young John Hayes, future priest, monsignor and pastor of Epiphany. Fr. Cummings' duties at Quigley required him to work at Chicago<|fim_middle|> the sunny morning of May 30, 1953.
Other construction and remodeling, both small and large in scale, would occur over the next 15 years. A kindergarten was added to the school which was to be rebuilt immediately after the church was done. The rectory was ready to house the parish priests by 1960. But it was and is the church that still represents the humble greatness of Monsignor Cummings and our faithful parishioners who so generously gave to Mother Church. What follows is Monsignor's understanding of Epiphany's parish church: "This church is a monument to the faith of its builders. A church is a lighthouse. It must not hide itself. It is not a place to be discovered by chance, to be known to a few. A church must beckon. Yes, admire the new Epiphany, admire those who built it. But remember the chief thing remains to be done; that each one make good use of the church in the all essential task of gaining eternal salvation. ,,, Make it a lighthouse for those outside the faith, guiding them to the loving embrace of Christ. May all who pass this way heed the inspiration of the cross atop its towers. This parish has excelled in drawing our neighbors, non Catholic and nominal Catholics, to learn of Christ in our instruction classes. We shall continue enthusiastically in this work." After his retirement in 1968 Cummings stayed in residence at the rectory until his death. He was away from Epiphany for only a short time in 1977 during a brief hospital stay. God called him home on February 12, 1978. | 's major seminary, St. Mary of the Lake in the far away village of Area, 45 miles northwest of Chicago (later named Mundelein for Cardinal Mundelein who gave the community of Area their first fire engine!). On Friday, April 2, 1926, Good Friday, Fr. Matt took a phone message for Cardinal Mundelein. "As it happened", Msgr. Cummings recalled years later, "It was I who informed Cardinal Mundelein of Fr. Madden's death. The Cardinal was staying that day at the major seminary, where I was stationed. I took the phone call and delivered the message. Not long after that the Cardinal told me that I was the new pastor of Epiphany."
Only 10 years ordained, Fr. Cummings made his way to 25th and Keeler in July 1926. Space does not permit a detailed account of Msgr. Cummings' 42 years at Epiphany but as one looks at his years of pastoral ministry and leadership it is clear that our parish was blessed with his strong, loving and loyal fidelity. He pastored Epiphany during the harsh years of the Depression, World War II, the Korean Conflict, The Civil Rights Movement, the Viet Nam War and the Second Vatican Council Msgr. Cummings began his work immediately applying his organizational and managerial skills to the service of the parish. Older parishioners may recall the "Flag Raising" ceremonies and neighborhood parades to instill both civic and parish pride and responsibility. Cummings would don his old Army uniform and invite other war veterans to do the same joining the military bands from Fort Sheridan invited to lead the parade.
Fiscal stewardship and responsibility was a hallmark of Monsignor's pastorate. Seeing how well our brothers and sisters in Protestant congregations did in financially supporting their church, Cummings borrowed a page from their play book and introduced "Sunday Envelopes" to the faithful at Epiphany. When asked about this decision years later Monsignor recalled in typical fashion, "I had noticed how envelopes worked for the Protestants. We were the first Catholic church in Chicago to try them." Try them he did! Today there is not one parish in the United States that does not use the Sunday Envelope as the primary means of parish financial support, stewardship and parish membership.
Monsignor's dedication to sharing our Faith and evangelization is something to marvel at. Archdiocesan planners and our evangelization teams can learn a great deal from the example of Epiphany and Cummings' ever present leadership. Monsignor shared the faith, evangelized and educated both young and old in the practice of our Church the old fashioned way: he pounded the pavement. Monsignor would walk the streets and visit people where they were; at bus stops, in the stores, on their home from work or school. He listened to people. He got to know them and after a level of trust and good faith was established, he would share a story of faith with them. Monsignor would tell them how much God and Jesus loved them for who they are. Monsignor John Hayes, who took over the parish after Cummings' retirement, remembers the old pastor making his rounds in the neighborhood well into his 80th year of life and with the same energy, enthusiasm and love of God he brought to Epiphany in 1926.
Perhaps the greatest testament to Msgr. Cummings' ministry is our beautiful church. All of Monsignor's leadership skills and talents would be sorely tested in this monumental construction. He cut his teeth in the building business when the convent was erected in 1929; bought, built and paid for in one year's time. While the actual construction of the church took only three years, the planning and preparations demanded two decades of patient attention and sacrifice for both Monsignor and parishioners alike. The Great Depression of the 1930's severely limited any real progress on the project. The War Effort of the 40's also imposed great obstacles to any major work. There was a lawsuit against the church construction because the new church required the closing of the alley between 25th Street and 25th Place at Keeler. In those days oil, coal and diary deliveries required alley access and the proposed church would hamper access to these daily necessities. This lawsuit once again delayed ground breaking on the church site.
But in 1950, with all hurdles cleared, work began. The contractor put up wooden scaffolding all around the building, outside and inside, up to the height of the roof - a lavish display of lumber. The exterior was of lannon stone from Wisconsin, the interior many-hued sandstone from the quarries of St. Meinrad's Abbey. Each block was carefully numbered and custom cut and set. On Sunday, January 25, 1953 with a full house, the first Mass was celebrated at 5:45am. The official dedication would wait until the spring with a solemn mass and dedication with Cardinal Stritch as principal celebrant on | 1,054 |
19th Century Philosophy > 19th Century Austrian Philosophy > Franz Brentano
Franz Brentano
Edited by Uriah Kriegel (Rice University)
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Brentano: Consciousness (26)
Brentano: Intentionality (26)
Brentano: Judgment (13)
Brentano: Value (21)
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Brentano: Consciousness
Sound Ontology and the Brentano-Husserl Analysis of the Consciousness of Time.Jorge Luis Méndez-martínez - 2020 - HORIZON. Studies in Phenomenology 9 (1):184-215.details
Both Franz Brentano and Edmund Husserl addressed sound while trying to explain the inner consciousness of time and gave to it the status of a supporting example. Although their inquiries were not aimed at clarifying in detail the nature of the auditory experience or sounds themselves, they made some interesting observations that can contribute to the current philosophical discussion on sounds. On the other hand, in analytic philosophy, while inquiring the nature of sounds, their location, auditory experience or the audible (...) qualities and so on, the representatives of that trend of thought have remained silent about the depiction of sound and the auditory phenomena in the phenomenological tradition. The paper's intention is to relate both endeavours, yet the perspective carried out is that of analytic philosophy and, thus, I pay special attention to conceptual analysis as a methodological framework. In this sense, I first explain what sound ontology is in the context of analytic philosophy and the views that it encompasses— namely, the Property View (PV), the Wave View (WV) and the Event View (EV)—. Secondly, I address the problems it entails, emphasising that of sound individuation. In a third section, I propose the possibly controversial conjunction of a "Brentano-Husserl Analysis of the Consciousness of Time" (for short "Brentano-Husserl analysis") and outline the commonalities of both authors, without ignoring its discrepancies. My main focus is Husserl's 1905 Vorlesungen zur Phänomenologie des Inneren Zeitbewusstseins. While addressing the Brentano-Husserl analysis, I elaborate on the problem of temporal and spatial extension (Raumlichkeit and Zeitlichkeit, respectively) of both consciousness and sound. Such comparison is a key one, since after these two developments, one can notice some theoretical movements concerning the shift of attention from sounds to the unity of consciousness, and how they mirror each other. After examining the controversial claims concerning the temporal and spatial extension of both consciousness and sound, I argue in the concluding paragraphs that while considering the accounts of sound ontology, the Brentano-Husserl analysis would probably endorse a Property View and that this could have interesting consequences for the issue of Sound Individuation. (shrink)
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Brentano on Consciousness, Intentionality, Value, Will, and Emotion: Reply to Symposiasts.Uriah Kriegel - forthcoming - European Journal of Philosophy.details
It is a regrettable feature of this book symposium that it appears only after the book itself. If I could solicit from three outstanding philosophers detailed analyses of substantial portions of the book before publishing it, the book would have been far better. Below, I indicate some of the ways the book would have been better.
The Phenomenology of Mentality.Arnaud Dewalque - forthcoming - In Denis Fisette, Guillaume Frechette & Hynek Janoušek (eds.), Franz Brentano's Philosophy after Hundred Years – From History of Philosophy to Reism. New York: Springer.details
This paper offers a phenomenological interpretation of Brentano's view of mentality. The key idea is that mental phenomena are not only characterized by intentionality; they also exhibit a distinctive way of appearing or being experienced. In short, they also have a distinctive phenomenology. I argue this view may be traced back to Brentano's theory of inner perception. Challenging the self-representational reading of IP, I maintain the latter is best understood as a way of appearing, that is, in phenomenological terms. Section (...) 1 addresses Brentano's claim that IP is one mark of the mental alongside intentionality. Sections 2 and 3 present support for a phenomenological interpretation of IP. And Section 4 briefly discusses two objections. (shrink)
Natural Classes in Brentano's Psychology.Arnaud Dewalque - 2018 - Brentano‐Studien: Internationales Jahrbuch der Franz Brentano Forschung 16:111-142.details
This article argues that Brentano's classification of mental phenomena is best understood against the background of the theories of natural classification held by Auguste Comte and John Stuart Mill. Section 1 offers a reconstruction of Brentano's two-premise argument for his tripartite classification. Section 2 gives a brief overview of the reception and historical background of the classification project. Section 3 addresses the question as to why a classification of mental phenomena is needed at all and traces the answer back to (...) Mill's view that psychological laws are class-specific. Section 4 and 5 connect the second premise of Brentano's argument to Comte's principle of comparative likeness and Mill's insistance that class membership is determined by the possession of common characteristics. And section 6 briefly discusses the evidence Brentano provides for the first premise. (shrink)
Brentano's Dual‐Framing Theory of Consciousness.Uriah Kriegel - 2018 - Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 97 (1):79-98.details
Brentano's theory of consciousness has garnered a surprising amount of attention in recent philosophy of mind. Here I argue for a novel interpretation of Brentano's theory that casts it as more original than previously appreciated and yet quite plausible upon inspection. According to Brentano's theory, as interpreted here, a conscious experience of a tree is a mental state that can be simultaneously thought of, or framed, equally accurately as an awareness of a tree or an awareness of an awareness of (...) a tree. (shrink)
Brentano's Evaluative-Attitudinal Account of Will and Emotion.Uriah Kriegel - 2017 - Revue Philosophique de la France Et de l'Etranger 142 (4):529-548.details
In contemporary analytic philosophy of mind, Franz Brentano is known mostly for his thesis that intentionality is 'the mark of the mental.' Among Brentano scholars, there are also lively debates on his theory of consciousness and his theory of judgment. Brentano's theory of will and emotion is less widely discussed, even within the circles of Brentano scholarship. In this paper, I want to show that this is a missed opportunity, certainly for Brentano scholars but also for contemporary philosophy of mind. (...) Brentano's accounts of the will and of emotion are, I will argue, both insightful, creative, and surprising, on the one hand, and strikingly plausible, upon reflection, on the other. (shrink)
Brentano's Theory of Consciousness Revisited. Reply to My Critics.Denis Fisette - 2015 - Argumentos 7 (3):13-35.details
Reply to eight critical reviews of my paper "Franz Brentano and Higher-Order Theories of Consciousness" in the same issue of the journal Argumentos.
Franz Brentano and Higher-Order Theories of Consciousness.Denis Fisette - 2015 - Argumentos 7 (3):9-39.details
This article addresses the recent reception of Franz Brentano's writings on consciousness. I am particularly interested in the connection established between Brentano's theory of consciousness and higher-order theories of consciousness and, more specifically, the theory proposed by David Rosenthal. My working hypothesis is that despite the many similarities that can be established with Rosenthal's philosophy of mind, Brentano's theory of consciousness differs in many respects from higher-order theories of consciousness and avoids most of the criticisms generally directed to them. This (...) article is divided into eight parts. The first two sections expound the basic outline of Rosenthal's theory, and the third summarizes the principal objections that Rosenthal addresses to Brentano, which I, then, examine in sections 4 and 5. In sections 6 and 7, I discuss Brentano's principle of the unity of consciousness, and in section 8, I consider the scope of the changes that Brentano brings to his theory of consciousness in his later writings, which follow the 1874 publication of Psychology. I then draw the conclusion that Brentano's theory rests on a view of intransitive and intrinsic self-consciousness. (shrink)
Brentano's Mind: Unity Without Simplicity.Arnaud Dewalque - 2017 - Rivista di Filosofia 108 (3):349-64.details
This paper offers a reconstruction of Franz Brentano's mereological solution to the problem of the unity of consciousness and explores some implications of this solution for the ontology of the mind. In section 1 I sketch Brentano's ontological distinctions between things, collectives, and divisives. In section 2 I present Brentano's mereological solution and in section 3 I review his main pro-arguments. Eventually, in section 4 I consider some Jamesian objections to the mereological approach. I argue the notion of 'mental parts' (...) can be given a rather innocuous meaning by being conceived of as the expression of conceptual distinctions grounded in similarity and contrast relations between total mental phenomena. (shrink)
Is Purple a Red and Blue Chessboard? Brentano on Colour Mixtures.Olivier Massin & Marion Hämmerli - 2017 - The Monist 100 (1):37-63.details
Can we maintain that purple seems composed of red and blue without giving up the impenetrability of the red and blue parts that compose it? Brentano thinks we can. Purple, according to him, is a chessboard of red and blue tiles which, although individually too small to be perceived, are together indistinctly perceived within the purple. After a presentation of Brentano's solution, we raise two objections to it. First, Brentano's solution commits him to unperceivable intentional objects (the chessboard's tiles). Second, (...) his chessboard account fails in the end to explain the phenomenal spatial continuity of compound colours. We then sketch an alternative account, which, while holding fast to the phenomenal compoundedness of the purple and to the impenetrability of component colours, avoids introducing inaccessible intentional objects and compromising on the continuity of the purple. According to our proposal, instead of being indistinctly perceived spatial parts of the purple, red and blue are distinctly perceived non- spatial parts of it. (shrink)
Brentano on Sensations and Sensory Qualities.Massin Olivier - 2017 - In Uriah Kriegel (ed.), Routledge Handbook of Franz Brentano and the Brentano School. London and New York: Routledge. pp. 87-96.details
This chapter has three sections. The first introduces Brentano's view of sensations by presenting the intentional features of sensations irreducible to features of the sensory objects. The second presents Brentano's view of sensory objects —which include sensory qualities— and the features of sensations that such objects allow to explain, such as their intensity. The third section presents Brentano's approach to sensory pleasures and pains, which combines both appeal to specific modes of reference and to specific sensory qualities.
Brentano on Consciousness.Mark Textor - 2017 - In U. Kriegel (ed.), Routledge Handbook of Franz Brentano and the Brentano School. London and New York: Routledge. pp. 49-60.details
Consider a perceptual activity such as seeing a colour, hearing a tone, tasting a flavour. How are these activities related to one's awareness of them? I will use Brentano's struggle with this question to guide the reader through the development of his view on consciousness. My starting point will be Brentano's book Die Psychologie des Aristoteles (Brentano 1867), in which he developed an inner sense view of<|fim_middle|> it is the case in Brentano's theory in which it is closely related to the class of emotions (love and hate), or merely phenomenal as Stumpf wants it. The paper is divided into two parts : I first examine several aspects of the relationship between Stumpf (...) and Brentano and I evaluate in the second part whether Stumpf's deviations from several theses of Brentano's descriptive psychology, namely on emotions and sense-feelings, challenge his commitment to Brentano's program in philosophy. (shrink)
Franz Brentano's Metaphysics and Psychology. Upon the Sesquicentennial of Franz Brentano's Dissertation.Ion Tanasescu - 2012 - Zeta Books.details
Metaphysics and psychology are two of Brentano's main areas of interest in philosophy. His first writings, the dissertation On the Several Senses of Being in Aristotle (1862) and the habilitation thesis, The Psychology of Aristotle (1867), bear witness to the duality of his concerns. As such, these works were not only significant contributions to the German Aristotelianism of the second half of the XIXth century, but they also played an important role in the development of Brentano's later philosophy and in (...) defining his school of thought. At the same time, the dissertation, now celebrating the sesquicentennial of its first publication, was received beyond the immediate sphere of the Brentanian school, for its reading played a significant role in young Heidegger's thought on being, and thus in his development of a new type of phenomenology, distinct from the Husserlian one. The studies comprising this volume examine the relevance of Brentano's dissertation, of his metaphysics and psychology for contemporary philosophical research. Generally, the papers emphasize a tendency in Brentanian research, which has become more conspicuous in the last two decades, and can be described as a gradual shift in focus from the specific problems of Brentano's late philosophy, towards his earlier philosophy, especially his first writings and manuscripts. Taking into account both Brentano's published works, and the manuscripts of the dissertation and the Psychology, the contributions of this volume manage to emphasise unexplored aspects of Brentano's philosophy and stand witness to the complexity and the historical dimension of a legacy whose richness still awaits full discovery. -/- Table of Contents -/- Ion Tănăsescu, Foreword Edoardo Fugali, Trendelenburg, Brentano und die Aristoteles-Renaissance in der deutschen Philosophie des 19. Jahrhunderts. Die Frage nach dem Ursprung der Kategorien Dale Jacquette, Brentano on Aristotle's Categories: First Philosophy and the Manifold Senses of Being Klaus Hedwig, "... eine gewisse kongeniale Denkweise". Brentanos Rückgriffe auf Thomas von Aquin in seiner Dissertation Susan Krantz Gabriel, Heidegger's Question and the Fundamental Sense of Being in Brentano Ion Tănăsescu, Franz Brentano's Dissertation and the Problem of Intentionality Josef Seifert, Über das notwendige Dasein Gottes. Eine kritische Antwort auf Franz Brentanos Kritik des ontologischen Gottesbeweises Paul Janssen, Die Gottesrede bei Brentano Robin Rollinger, Brentano's Psychology from an Empirical Standpoint: Its Background and Conception Guillaume Fréchette, Deux aspects de l'intentionnalité dans la Psychologie de Brentano Denis Seron, The Fechner-Brentano Controversy on the Measurement of Sensation Carlo Ierna, Brentano and Mathematics Roberto Poli, Modes and Boundaries Federico Boccaccini, La vérité efficace. L'épistémologie de Brentano entre Evidenzphilosophie et pragmatisme Thomas Binder, Der Nachlass Franz Brentanos. Eine historische Annäherung an einen schwierigen Fall. (shrink)
The Intentionality of Pleasures.Olivier Massin - 2013 - In Denis Fisette & Guillaume Fréchette (eds.), Themes from Brentano. Rodopi. pp. 307-337.details
This paper defends hedonic intentionalism, the view that all pleasures, including bodily pleasures, are directed towards objects distinct from themselves. Brentano is the leading proponent of this view. My goal here is to disentangle his significant proposals from the more disputable ones so as to arrive at a hopefully promising version of hedonic intentionalism. I mainly focus on bodily pleasures, which constitute the main troublemakers for hedonic intentionalism. Section 1 introduces the problem raised by bodily pleasures for hedonic intentionalism and (...) some of the main reactions to it. Sections 2 and 3 rebut two main approaches equating bodily pleasures with non- intentional episodes. More precisely, section 2 argues that bodily pleasures cannot be purely non-intentional self-conscious feelings, by relying on Brentano's objection to Hamilton's theory of pleasure. Section 3 argues that bodily pleasures cannot be non-intentional sensory qualities by relying on Brentano's objections to Stumpf's theory of pleasure. Section 4 develops a brentanian view of the intentionality of bodily pleasures by claiming bodily pleasures are directed at a sui generis class of sensory qualities. Section 5 presents an objection to Brentano's later theory of pleasure according to which all sensory pleasures are directed at sensing acts. (shrink)
Brentano's Influence on Husserl's Early Notion of Intentionality.Peter Andras Varga - 2008 - Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai - Philosophia (1-2):29-48.details
The influence of Brentano on the emergence of Husserl's notion of intentionality has been usually perceived as the key of understanding the history of intentionality, since Brentano was credited with the discovery of intentionality, and Husserl was his discipline. This much debated question is to be revisited in the present essay by incorporating recent advances in Brentano scholarship and by focusing on Husserl's very first work, his habilitation essay (Über den Begriff der Zahl), which followed immediately after his study years (...) at Brentano, and also on manuscript notes from the same period. It is to be shown that (i) although Brentano failed to enact a direct influence on Husserl's notion of intentionality (much in line with K. Schuhmann's claim), (ii) yet the core of Brentano's notion remained operative in Husserl's theory of relations, which is seemingly influenced by John Stuart Mill and Hermann Lotze. This investigation is intended as a contribution towards the proper understanding of the complexities of Husserl's early philosophy. (shrink)
Materialism and the Logical Structure of Intentionality.George Bealer - 1996 - In Howard Robinson (ed.), Objections to Physicalism. New York: Clarendon Press.details
After a brief history of Brentano's thesis of intentionality, it is argued that intentionality presents a serious problem for materialism. First, it is shown that, if no general materialist analysis (or reduction) of intentionality is possible, then intentional phenomena would have in common at least one nonphysical property, namely, their intentionality. A general analysis of intentionality is then suggested. Finally, it is argued that any satisfactory general analysis of intentionality must share with this analysis a feature which entails the existence (...) of a nonphysical "level of organization". (shrink)
Brentano's Concept of Intentional Inexistence.Tim Crane - 2006 - In Mark Textor (ed.), The Austrian Contribution to Analytic Philosophy. London: Routledge. pp. 1--20.details
Franz Brentano's attempt to distinguish mental from physical phenomena by employing the scholastic concept of intentional inexistence is often cited as reintroducing the concept of intentionality into mainstream philosophical discussion. But Brentano's own claims about intentional inexistence are much misunderstood. In the second half of the 20th century, analytical philosophers in particular have misread Brentano's views in misleading ways.1 It is important to correct these misunderstandings if we are to come to a proper assessment of Brentano's worth as a philosopher (...) and his position in the history of philosophy. Good corrections have been made in the recent analytic literature by David Bell (1990), Dermot Moran (1996), and Barry Smith (1994) among others. But there is also another, more purely philosophical lesson to be learned from the proper understanding of Brentano's views on this matter. This is that Brentano's struggles with the concept of intentionality reveal a fundamental division between different ways of thinking about intentionality, an division which Brentano himself does not make fully clear. Making the nature of this division explicit is the aim of this paper. (shrink)
Intentionality as the Mark of the Mental.Tim Crane - 1998 - In Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement. Cambridge University Press. pp. 229-251.details
'It is of the very nature of consciousness to be intentional' said Jean-Paul Sartre, 'and a consciousness that ceases to be a consciousness of something would ipso facto cease to exist'.1 Sartre here endorses the central doctrine of Husserl's phenomenology, itself inspired by a famous idea of Brentano's: that intentionality, the mind's 'direction upon its objects', is what is distinctive of mental phenomena. Brentano's originality does not lie in pointing out the existence of intentionality, or in inventing the terminology, which (...) derives from scholastic discussions of concepts or intentiones.2 Rather, his originality consists in his claim that the concept of intentionality marks out the subject matter of psychology: the mental. His view was that intentionality 'is characteristic exclusively of mental phenomena. No physical phenomenon manifests anything like it'.3 This is Brentano's thesis that intentionality is the mark of the mental. Despite the centrality of the concept of intentionality in contemporary philosophy of mind, and despite the customary homage paid to Brentano as the one who revived the terminology and placed the concept at the centre of philosophy, Brentano's thesis is widely rejected by contemporary philosophers of mind. What is more, its rejection is not something which is thought to require substantial philosophical argument. Rather, the falsity of the thesis is taken as a starting-point in many contemporary discussions of intentionality, something so obvious that it only needs to be stated to be recognised as true. Consider, for instance, these remarks from the opening pages of Searle's Intentionality: Some, not all, mental states and events have Intentionality. Beliefs, fears, hopes and desires are Intentional; but there are forms of nervousness, elation and undirected anxiety that are not Intentional.... My beliefs and desires must always be about something. But my nervousness and undirected anxiety need not in that way be about anything.4 Searle takes this as obvious, so obvious that it is not in need of further argument or elucidation. (shrink)
Reply to Nes.Tim Crane - 2008 - Analysis 68 (3):215–218.details
Brentano (1874) described intentionality in a number of different ways: as 'the intentional inexistence of an object', 'reference to a content', 'direction towards an object', and 'immanent objectivity'. All these phrases were intended to mean the same thing, but such elegant variation can give rise to confusion. In my Elements of Mind (2001) I tried to give a simpler description: intentional states all involve directedness upon an object and what I call (following Searle 1992) aspectual shape. My aim in doing (...) this was to introduce an understanding of intentionality that (a) allows theorists of intentionality to agree on the fundamentals of the phenomenon, but disagree about the details; and (b) leaves the question open whether all mental states are intentional. (shrink) | consciousness (§§1-2). Brentano's early view is underexplored in the literature, but crucial for understanding (...) the development of his thought on the matter. In his major work Psychologie vom Empirischen Standpunkt (1874) he rejected the existence of an inner sense: the exercises of our five senses yield awareness of the world (or at least of intentional objects) as well as awareness of these perceptions. This same-level view of consciousness has been explored and developed by contemporary philosophers of mind. I will discuss the arguments that moved Brentano to change his mind, outline the view and, finally, respond to Husserl's influential criticism of Brentano's view (§§3-5). (shrink)
Conscious Unity From the Top Down: A Brentanian Approach.Anna Giustina - 2017 - The Monist 100 (1):16-37.details
The question of the unity of consciousness is often treated as the question of how different conscious experiences are related to each other in order to be unified. Many contemporary views on the unity of consciousness are based on this bottom-up approach. In this paper I explore an alternative, top-down approach, according to which (to a first approximation) a subject undergoes one single conscious experience at a time. From this perspective, the problem of unity of consciousness becomes rather the problem (...) of how we can distinguish a multiplicity of goings-on within our conscious experience at any time, given that it is unique. I will present three possible top-down approaches to unity of consciousness, which I call Priority unity monism, Existence unity monism, and Brentanian unity monism. Priority monism and Existence monism are defined in analogy with the homonymous metaphysical theories of object constitution. Brentanian monism retraces Franz Brentano's view on unity of consciousness, and is defined by appeal to some of his mereological ideas. I will argue that the latter is the best top-down approach to unity of consciousness. (shrink)
Deskriptive Psychologie by Franz Brentano. [REVIEW]Kevin Mulligan & Barry Smith - 1985 - Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 45 (4):627-644.details
We provide a detailed exposition of Brentano's descriptive psychology, focusing on the unity of consciousness, the modes of connection and the types of part, including separable parts, distinctive parts, logical parts and what Brentano calls modificational quasi-parts. We also deal with Brentano's account of the objects of sensation and the experience of time.
Franz Brentano on the Ontology of Mind.Kevin Mulligan & Barry Smith - 1985 - Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 45 (4):627-644.details
This is a review article on Franz Brentano's Descriptive Psychology published in 1982. We provide a detailed exposition of Brentano's work on this topic, focusing on the unity of consciousness, the modes of connection and the types of part, including separable parts, distinctive parts, logical parts and what Brentano calls modificational quasi-parts. We also deal with Brentano's account of the objects of sensation and the experience of time.
The Continuing Relevance of 19th-Century Philosophy of Psychology: Brentano and the Autonomy of Psychological Methods.Uljana Feest - 2014 - In M. C. Galavotti & F. Stadler (eds.), New Directions in the Philosophy of Science, The Philosophy of Science in a European Perspective 5. Springer. Springer. pp. 693-709.details
This paper provides an analysis of Franz Brentano's thesis that psychology employs a distinctive method, which sets it apart from physiology. The aim of the paper is two-fold: First, I situate Brentano's thesis (and the broader metaphysical system that underwrites it) within the context of specific debates about the nature and status of psychology, arguing that we regard him as engaging in a form of boundary work. Second, I explore the relevance of Brentano's considerations to more recent debates about autonomy (...) on the one hand and theoretical and/or methodological integration on the other. I argue that Brentano puts his finger on the idea that an integrated research process presupposes the existence of distinct methods and approaches, and that he highlights the philosophical challenge of accounting for such distinct methods. I suggest that Brentano's ideas offer unconventional perspectives on current debates, in particular regarding first-person methods and the investigative process in cognitive science. (shrink)
Brentano's Classification of Mental Phenomena.Uriah Kriegel - 2017 - In U. Kriegel (ed.), Routledge Handbook of Franz Brentano and the Brentano School. London and New York: Routledge. pp. 97-102.details
In Chapter 3 of Book I of Psychology from an Empirical Standpoint, Brentano articulates what he takes to be the four most basic and central tasks of psychology. One of them is to discover the 'fundamental classification' of mental phenomena. Brentano attends to this task in Chapters 5-9 of Book II of the Psychology, reprinted (with appendices) in 1911 as a standalone book (Brentano 1911a). The classification is further developed in an essay entitled "A Survey of So-Called Sensory and Noetic (...) Objects of Inner Perception," published posthumously in Brentano 1928/1981b, as well as a 1907 dictation entitled "Loving and Hating," reprinted in Brentano 1969. (shrink)
Brentano and Stumpf on Tonal Fusion.Riccardo Martinelli - 2013 - In D. Fisette & G. Frechette (eds.), Themes from Brentano. Rodopi.details
This essay illustrates the main aspects of the discussion between Brentano and Stumpf about «tonal fusion». In his Tonpsychologie, Stumpf essentially moved from a Brentanian standpoint. Yet, he did not adopt Brentano's subsequently developed new theory of «sensible qualities», so that a polemic eventually arouse between them. Far from representing a marginal issue, the episode is relevant to our understanding of their relationship. The discussion as to the mechanism of tonal fusion reveals a general divergence between Brentano and Stumpf concerning (...) the idea of human sensibility as a whole and of the method of psychology. (shrink)
Mixed Feelings. Carl Stumpf's Criticism of James and Brentano on Emotions.Denis Fisette - 2013 - In D. Fisette & G. Frechette (eds.), Themes from Brentano. Amsterdam: Rodopi. pp. 281-306.details
This study attempts to situate Carl Stumpf's theory of emotions with regard to that of his teacher, Franz Brentano, and to the sensualist theory of William James. We will argue that Stumpf's theory can be considered an attempt to reconcile James's sensualism, which emphasizes the role of bodily feelings, with what we will call, for the purposes of this study, Brentano's intentionalism, which conceives of emotions as intentional states. Stumpf claims that James's sensory feelings and Brentano's affective intentional states are (...) two sides of the same coin in that they constitute two essential ingredients of a full-fledged theory of emotions. The question is whether Stumpf's ecumenism avoids the objections that he himself raises against James's and Brentano's theories. The paper is divided into four parts: the first part presents Stumpf's classification of psychical functions; the second part presents his criticism of James's theory of emotions; the third part is a summary of Stumpf's complex debate with Brentano on emotions and sensory feelings; the last part examines Stumpf's attempt to incorporate into his theory of affects the phenomenological and intentional aspects of emotions. I conclude with a note on the unity of consciousness. (shrink)
Brentano and Kafka.Barry Smith - 1997 - Axiomathes 8 (1):83-104.details
There is a narrow thread in the vast literature on Kafka which pertains to Kafka's knowledge of philosophy, and more precisely to Kafka's use in his fictional writings of some of the main ideas of Franz Brentano. Kafka attended courses in philosophy at the Charles University given by Brentano's students Anton Marty and Christian von Ehrenfels, and was for several years a member of a discussion-group organized by orthodox adherents of the Brentanian philosophy in Prague. The present essay summarizes what (...) is known about Kafka's relations to the Brentanist movement. It draws on Brentanian ideas on the evidence of inner perception, on oblique consciousness, on active introspection, on correct and incorrect judgment, and on consciousness as a species of inner tribunal, in order to throw light on central features of Kafka's writings, including stylistic features. Special attention is directed towards Die Verwandlung and Der Prozess, and a reading of the latter is offered according to which the trial of Joseph K. occurs entirely within the mind of K. himself. The revisions in the 1997 version of the paper relate especially to the treatment of Kafka and Brentano in Arnold Heidsieck's book The Intellectual Contexts of Kafka's Fiction: Philosophy, Law, Religion of 1994. (shrink)
Brentano's Concept of Mind: Underlying Nature, Reference-Fixing, and the Mark of the Mental.Uriah Kriegel - 2017 - In Sandra Lapointe & Christopher Pincock (eds.), Innovations in the History of Analytical Philosophy. London: Palgrave-Macmillan. pp. 197-228.details
Perhaps the philosophical thesis most commonly associated with Brentano is that intentionality is the mark of the mental. But in fact Brentano often and centrally uses also what he calls 'inner perception' to demarcate the mental. In this paper, I offer a new interpretation of Brentano's conception of the interrelations between mentality, intentionality, and inner perception. According to this interpretation, Brentano took the concept of mind to be a natural-kind concept, with intentionality constituting the underlying nature of the mental and (...) inner-perceivability serving as the concept's reference-fixer. (shrink)
Kafka and Brentano: A Study in Descriptive Psychology.Barry Smith - 1981 - In Structure and Gestalt: Philosophy and Literature in Austria-Hungary and Her Successor States. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. pp. 113-144.details
There is a narrow thread in the vast literature on Kafka which pertains to Kafka's knowledge of philosophy, and more precisely to Kafka's use in his fictional writings of some of the main ideas of Franz Brentano. Kafka attended courses in philosophy at the Charles University given by Brentano's students Anton Marty and Christian von Ehrenfels, and was for several years a member of a discussion-group organized by orthodox adherents of the Brentanian philosophy in Prague. The present essay summarizes what (...) is known about Kafka's relations to the Brentanist movement. It draws on Brentanian ideas on the evidence of inner perception, on oblique consciousness, on active introspection, on correct and incorrect judgment, and on consciousness as a species of inner tribunal, in order to throw light on central features of Kafka's writings, including stylistic features. Special attention is directed towards Die Verwandlung and Der Prozess, and a reading of the latter is offered according to which the trial of Joseph K. occurs entirely within the mind of K. himself. The revisions in the 1997 version of the paper relate especially to the treatment of Kafka and Brentano in Arnold Heidsieck's book The Intellectual Contexts of Kafka's Fiction: Philosophy, Law, Religion, of 1994. (shrink)
Ist das Erleben Teil des Erlebten?Andrea Borsato - 2009 - Phänomenologische Forschungen (2009):37-59.details
If the inner consciousness of a mental state is a part of the mental state itself, then one is forced to admit an 'inner consciousness of the inner consciousness'. This counterintuitive consequence can however be avoided, if we conceive of the inner consciousness of the mental state as a 'mode of giveness' of the state itself. This paper discusses Brentano's theory of inner consciousness from the point of view of Husserl's philosophy.
Consciousness as Intransitive Self-Consciousness: Two Views and an Argument.Uriah Kriegel - 2003 - Canadian Journal of Philosophy 33 (1):103-132.details
The word ?consciousness? is notoriously ambiguous. This is mainly because it is not a term of art, but a mundane word we all use quite frequently, for different purposes and in different everyday contexts. In this paper, I discuss consciousness in one specific sense of the word. To avoid the ambiguities, I introduce a term of art ? intransitive self-consciousness ? and suggest that this form of self-consciousness is an essential component of the folk notion of consciousness. I then argue (...) for a specific account of consciousness as intransitive self-consciousness. According to this account, a mental state is conscious iff it represents its own occurrence. The argument is a ?modernizing? modification of an older argument due to Aristotle and Brentano. (shrink)
Certainty, Soil and Sediment.Kevin Mulligan - 2006 - In Markus Textor (ed.), The Austrian Contribution to Analytic Philosophy. Routledge. pp. 1--89.details
Many of the most important questions about primitive certainty have to do with the distinction between primitive certainty as a practical attitude or disposition and primitive certainty as a psychological attitude and with the distinction between these and primitive, objective certainty.
Austrian Philosophy. The Legacy of Franz Brentano.Barry Smith - 1994 - Open Court.details
This book is a survey of the most important developments in Austrian philosophy in its classical period from the 1870s to the Anschluss in 1938. Thus it is intended as a contribution to the history of philosophy. But I hope that it will be seen also as a contribution to philosophy in its own right as an attempt to philosophize in the spirit of those, above all Roderick Chisholm, Rudolf Haller, Kevin Mulligan and Peter Simons, who have done so much (...) to demonstrate the continued fertility of the ideas and methods of the Austrian philosophers in our own day. For some time now, historians of philosophy have been gradually coming to terms with the idea that post-Kantian philosophy in the German-speaking world ought properly to be divided into two distinct traditions which we might refer to as the German and Austrian traditions, respectively. The main line of the first consists in a list of personages beginning with Kant, Fichte, Hegel and Schelling and ending with Heidegger, Adorno and Bloch. The main line of the second may be picked out similarly by means of a list beginning with Bolzano, Mach and Meinong, and ending with Wittgenstein, Neurath and Popper. As should be clear, it is the Austrian tradition that has contributed most to the contemporary mainstream of philosophical thinking in the Anglo-Saxon world. For while there are of course German thinkers who have made crucial contributions to the development of exact or analytic philosophy, such thinkers were outsiders when seen from the perspective of native German philosophical culture, and in fact a number of them found their philosophical home precisely in Vienna. When, in contrast, we examine the influence of the Austrian line, we encounter a whole series of familiar and unfamiliar links to the characteristic concerns of more recent philosophy of the analytic sort. As Michael Dummett points out in his Origins of Analytic Philosophy, the newly fashionable habit of referring to analytic philosophy as "Anglo-American" is in this light a "grave historical distortion". If, he says, we take into account the historical context in which analytic philosophy developed, then such philosophy "could at least as well be called "Anglo-Austrian" (1988, p. 7). Much valuable scholarly work has been done on the thinking of Husserl and Wittgenstein, Mach and the Vienna Circle. The central axis of Austrian philosophy, however, which as I hope to show in what follows is constituted by the work of Brentano and his school, is still rather poorly understood. Work on Meinong or Twardowski by contemporary philosophers still standardly rests upon simplified and often confused renderings of a few favoured theses taken out of context. Little attention is paid to original sources, and little effort is devoted to establishing what the problems were by which the Austrian philosophers in general were exercised -- in spite of the fact that many of these same problems have once more become important as a result of the contemporary burgeoning of interest on the part of philosophers in problems in the field of cognitive science. (shrink)
Brentano: Intentionality
Brentano on Presenting Something as an Intentional Object.Fisette Denis - forthcoming - In Mariani Zini Fosca (ed.), The Meaning of Something: Rethinking the Logic and the Unity of Metaphysics. Berlin:details
This paper is about the question: what is it for a mental state to mean (or present) something as an intentional object? This issue is addressed from a broad perspective, against the background of Brentano's philosophical programme in Psychology from an empirical standpoint, and the controversy between the proponents of a non-canonical interpretation of Brentano's theory of intentionality, and the so-called orthodox interpretation advocated namely by R. Chisholm. My investigation is divided into six parts. In the first section, I explain (...) the meaning and function of the notion of phenomenon in light of Brentano's philosophical programme, and I briefly elucidate the notion of physical phenomenon which, in Brentano's Psychology, constitutes the primary object of consciousness. In the next two sections, I look at two aspects of Brentano's criticism of the identity thesis that he attributes to British empiricism, namely the psychological aspect, which concerns the identification of the two classes of phenomena, and the metaphysical aspect relating to the relationship between physical phenomena and the reality of an extramental world. Once this double distinction will be established, I will turn to the relation of intentional objects to presentations and put forward the hypothesis that intentional objects are conceptually dependent upon presentations and that this dependence rests, in turn, upon the content of the mental phenomena. The next step concerns Brentano's theory of primary and secondary objects, and one of the main non-orthodox arguments against the canonical interpretation, namely that the latter conflates primary and secondary objects. In this context, I examine a second hypothesis: that the secondary object, or intentional correlate of an act, is an intentional content, which is distinct both from the intentional object and from the reality to which it relates, and I maintain that the intentional content has the function of mediating the mental acts' relation to their objects. Finally, I shall examine some objections against the hypothesis of intentional content in Brentano's Psychology, and I will conclude with a brief commentary on the bearing of this investigation with regard to the interpretation of the genesis of Brentano's theory of intentionality, before and after the reistic turn of his philosophy. (shrink)
Relations and Intentionality in Brentano's Last Texts.Hamid Taieb - 2015 - Brentano-Studien 13:183-210.details
This paper will present an analysis of the relational aspect of Brentano's last theory of intentionality. My main thesis is that Brentano, at the end of his life, considered relations (relatives) without existent terms to be genuine relations (relatives). Thus, intentionality is a non-reducible real relation (the thinking subject is a non-reducible real relative) regardless of whether or not the object exists. I will use unpublished texts from the Brentanian Nachlass to support my argument.
The Epistemology of Intentionality: Notional Constituents Vs. Direct Grasp.Uriah Kriegel - forthcoming - Inquiry: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy.details
Franz Brentano is well known for highlighting the importance of intentionality, but he said curiously little about the nature of intentionality. According to Mark Textor, there is a deep reason for this: Brentano took intentionality to be a conceptual primitive the nature of which is revealed only in direct grasp. Although there is certainly textual support for this interpretation, it appears in tension with Brentano's repeated attempts to analyze intentionality in terms of 'notional constituents' – aspects of intentionality which cannot (...) come apart in reality but which can be conceptually distinguished. After bringing out this tension, I explore some options for resolving it, ultimately offering my own favored interpretation. (shrink)
Knowing Things in Themselves.M. Oreste Fiocco - 2017 - Grazer Philosophische Studien 94 (3):332-358.details
A perennial epistemological question is whether things can be known just as they are in the absence of any awareness of them. This epistemological question is posterior to ontological considerations and more specific ones pertaining to mind. In light of such considerations, the author propounds a naïve realist, foundationalist account of knowledge of things in themselves, one that makes crucial use of the work of Brentano. After introducing the resources provided by Brentano's study of mind, the author reveals the ontological (...) framework in which it takes place. Doing so is instrumental to illuminating acquaintance, the state that enables the direct engagement of a mind and some other thing. The author discusses this state and shows how it has the epistemic heft, with a Brentanian account of judgment, to provide the foundations of one's knowledge of the world. A naïve realist, foundationalist account of knowledge is open to a compelling objection; the author presents this objection with the means of undermining it. In conclusion, the author recurs to the opening theme of the primacy of ontology and suggests that familiar misgivings about knowing things in themselves are all based on questionable—and ultimately untenable—ontological presuppositions. (shrink)
Intentionality and Reference: A Brentanian Distinction.Hamid Taieb - 2017 - The Monist 100 (1):120-132.details
Brentano distinguishes between intentionality and reference. According to Brentano, all mental acts are intentionally directed toward something. Some mental acts also refer to something, which is the case when their object exists in reality. For Brentano, such acts, besides their intentionality, have a peculiar relation of similarity to their object. However, there is no mention of Brentano's distinction between intentionality and reference in the literature. Drawing on some lesser known texts, this paper aims both at showing that Brentano makes such (...) a distinction and at underscoring the philosophical significance of his position. (shrink)
Brentano on Intentionality.Tim Crane - 2017 - In U. Kriegel (ed.), Routledge Handbook of Franz Brentano and the Brentano School. London, UK: Routledge. pp. 41-48.details
Brentano's account of what he called intentionale Inexistenz — what we now call intentionality — is without question one of the most important parts of his philosophy, and one of the most influential ideas in late 19th-century philosophy. Here I will explain how this idea figures in Brentano's central text, Psychology from an Empirical Standpoint (Brentano 1995a). I will then briefly explain how Brentano's ideas about intentionality evolved after the first publication of this work in 1874, and how they were (...) then misinterpreted by some influential analytic philosophers. (shrink)
Brentano's Mature Theory of Intentionality.Uriah Kriegel - 2016 - Journal for the History of Analytical Philosophy 4 (2):1-15.details
The notion of intentionality is what Franz Brentano is best known for. But disagreements and misunderstandings still surround his account of its nature. In this paper, I argue that Brentano's mature account of the nature of intentionality construes it, not as a two-place relation between a subject and an object, nor as a three-place relation between a subject's act, its object, and a 'content,' but as an altogether non-relational, intrinsic property of subjects. I will argue that the view is more (...) defensible than might initially appear. (shrink)
Improper Intentions of Ambiguous Objects: Sketching a New Approach to Brentano's Intentionality.Carlo Ierna - 2015 - Brentano Studien:55–80.details
In this article I will begin by discussing recent criticism, by Mauro Antonelli and Werner Sauer, of the ontological interpretation of Franz Brentano's concept of intentionality, as formulated by i.a. Roderick Chisholm. I will then outline some apparent inconsistencies of the positions advocated by Antonelli and Sauer with Brentano's formulations of his theory in several works and lectures. This new evaluation of (unpublished) sources will then lead to a sketch of a new approach to Brentano's theory of intentionality. Specifically, it (...) will be argued that the notion of "intentional object" is inherently and un- avoidably ambiguous in every act of external perception, due to the fact that we can only have improper intentions directed at the external world. (shrink)
The Road to Ideelle Verähnlichung. Anton Marty's Conception of Intentionality in the Light of its Brentanian Background.Laurent Cesalli & Hamid Taieb - 2012 - Quaestio 12:171-232.details
Anton Marty (1847-1914) is known to be the most faithful pupil of Franz Brentano. As a matter of fact, most of his philosophical ideas find their source in the works of his master. Yet, the faithfulness of Marty is not constant. As the rich correspondence between the two thinkers shows, Marty elaborates an original theory of intentionality from ca. 1904 onward. This theory is based on the idea that intentionality is a process of mental assimilation (ideelle Verähnlichung), a process at (...) the core of which lies a sui generis relation of "ideal similitude" holding between a thinking subject and its object. This study spells out the Martyian notion of mental assimilation and traces back Marty's evolution from his earlier position (prominently described in the recently published Deskriptive Psychologie of 1893-1894) to his final view as it is found in the Untersuchungen of 1908. It turns out that besides Brentano, Husserl is a key figure in that evolution. Such a "genetic"elucidation of Marty's last theory is required in order to reach the main goal of this paper, namely: the clarification of Marty's degree of dependence upon Brentano with respect to the theory of intentionality. That being said, we do not merely intend to compare the mature Marty with Brentano: our "genetic" considerations will also allow us to describe the interaction between the two thinkers before 1904. Accordingly, we begin by presenting Brentano's own position on intentionality in discussing its two currently competing readings, namely the "discontinuist" and the "continuist" one. Against a recent interpretation, we argue that Marty's endorsement of a "discontinuist" reading is not based on a misunderstanding of Brentano's position. (shrink)
Intentionality: Some Lessons From the History of the Problem From Brentano to the Present.Dermot Moran - 2013 - International Journal of Philosophical Studies 21 (3):317-358.details
Intentionality (?directedness?, ?aboutness?) is both a central topic in contemporary philosophy of mind, phenomenology and the cognitive sciences, and one of the themes with which both analytic and Continental philosophers have separately engaged starting from Brentano and Edmund Husserl?s ground-breaking Logical Investigations (1901) through Roderick M. Chisholm, Daniel C. Dennett?s The Intentional Stance, John Searle?s Intentionality, to the recent work of Tim Crane, Robert Brandom, Shaun Gallagher and Dan Zahavi, among many others. In this paper, I shall review recent discussions (...) of intentionality, including some recent explorations of the history of the concept (paying particular attention to Anselm), and suggest some ways the phenomenological approach of Husserl and Heidegger can still offer insights for contemporary philosophy of mind and consciousness. (shrink)
Phenomenal Intentionality Past and Present: Introductory.Uriah Kriegel - 2013 - Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences 12 (3):437-444.details
This is an introduction to a special issue on the history of phenomenal intentionality.
The Soul and Its Parts: Varieties of Inexistence.Barry Smith - 1992 - Brentano-Studien 4:35–51.details
From the point of view of Brentano's philosophy, contemporary philosophy of mind presupposes an over-crude theory of the internal structures of mental acts and states and of the corresponding types of parts, unity and dependence. We here describe Brentano's own account of the part-whole structures obtaining in the mental sphere, and show how it opens up new possibilities for mereological investigation. One feature of Brentano's view is that the objects of experience are themselves parts of mind, so that there is (...) a sense in which for him (as e.g. for Leibniz) ontology is a proper part of rational or descriptive psychology. (shrink)
Dennett's Reduction of Brentano's Intentionality.Brent Silby - 2008 - Linguistic and Philosophical Investigations 7.details
In this paper I compare two different approaches to the supposed distinction between the mental and the physical: 1. Brentano's theory of `Intentionality', which, in its early formulation, proposes a true distinction between physical objects and the objects of thought; and 2. Dennett's `Intentional Systems Theory', which is an attempt to naturalise the mind and to reduce mental phenomena such as beliefs and desires to simple physical systems.
Love and Hate: Brentano and Stumpf on Emotions and Sense Feelings.Denis Fisette - 2009 - Gestalt Theory 31 (2):115-128.details
Study of the controversy between Franz Brentano and his student Carl Stumpf on emotions and sense-feelings. The issue is whether the pleasure that provides an object such as a work of art is intentional, as | 6,559 |
Thank you for this take on xihong shi chao dan, I have been trying to make a good one for the past couple of months and tried a couple of basic recipes online. The soupiness of this version is quite unique!
And I love cucumber salad! I've added some strips of jicama to my cucumber salads for extra crunch.
Yay! Recipes! I really loved the Chinese Sausage Salad, and I'm positive I will love this one too.
Just to clarify - is bean curd tofu?
Mila you're welcome, I hope this works for you. This was the only xihong shi chao jidan (is that 'western red-style'? just guessing from the pinyin) we ate on Taiwan, so I've no idea if others are soupy. But it certainly was different enough from the mainland versions (tastier too) to get my attention.
Cathy - yes, there are still some pple in the W world who know it as tofu/dofu as 'bean curd'! You should be able to get some really good artisan stuff in S Cal.
J2Kfm - I appreciate this one for its lack of oil. But a good omelette is hard to beat as well!
Wowo precise recipe, thanks for sharing! haha i love chinese sausage (lap cheong) fry with omelet.
Sounds interesting! My old uni housemate who spent a year in China was constantly trying to make us eat tinned tomatoes with eggs mixed in...it looked/tasted awful (vom-like texture springs to mind) and I was never<|fim_middle|> 'stew' the tomato first, that would have made the soupiness difference. I don't remember Mom or other Mom ever cooked it that long to wait for the juice. It is called (in Taiwan anyway) fanqie chao dan - chao to stir fry, and I think people commonly prepare it more like omelet- the drier version. The chicken stock if added on, either powder or with liquid, normally is dumped in the egg - like some people put milk in the western omelet. More Xiang 比较'香', we say it. Interesting! might try it with big Spanish tomato here, I don't like the skin in the dish btw, might remove it.
It is such a humble simple dish, never thought about it when at home, but it is healthy and 'quick' and the soupy version might be more child friendly too without the scallion. | convinced...you have helped me to realise it wasn't just an awful weird idea that she strangely took to, but that she is just rubbish at replicating it...!
A Shanghainese university mate used to cook this tomato-egg soup during our college days. She used quite a bit of MSG for seasoning - said it's indispensable for the taste!
Interesting that it's almost--or practically- a soup! I had an egg drop soup (not the starchy gooey kind in the US) in Shanghai recently, with clams. Such a great idea, talking about which, I have to try to recreate it on RM.
Xihongshi is tomato in Beijing- and I am guessing that is what Mila means. We have tomatoes and egg here a lot, usually as a topping for noodles. It really works! My ayi (who is from Sichuan) also makes it for us for dinner (to be eaten with rice). Both versions are not soupy though.
When we did the Silk Rd a few years ago we had this tomato-egg dish almost every day! Sorry, I never did learn to appreciate it. There is a Jap movie out there(with excellent subtitles) that features this dish. It is one of the best foodie movies around...I haven't been able to get it here via Amazon, perhaps it is available in the far east. Title of the movie is "Flavour of Happiness".
Just catching up here now that my last exam is over. I'm so going to try to make this for dinner soon!!
I used to have this dish often at lunchtime at my kindergarten and loved it. It's an example of one of those dishes that to several 'Western' minds just does not sound or look right, but once you get over your ideas of what you think should be food/ a meal and dig in you realize how absolutely brilliant it is. I've discovered this with a lot of food in Taiwan, it might sound strange, but once you've taken that first bite you just want more.
Xi Hongshi 西 红柿 - Western red Kaki (or Chinese persimmon. Though I think Kaki is from the Chinese) is the old (or Northern China) name for Fanqie 番茄- Foreign Eggplant.
I don't think the soupy version is particular Taiwanese - they should have that in China too, just preference. I don't remember eating it with that amount of broth myself but it was pretty much a home dish in my days, so I didn't take much notice what they did outside. Hsinchu is a major Hakka town, so I don't know if there is a connection about the style.
That amount of broth seems too curious to have been from those 5 ingredients - similar to the juice in the Taiwanese Dan Huang Rou, couldn't have been simply from steamed meat and soy sauce. I would have bet he had added at least a 6th ingredient- commonly chicken stock (or a stock). It's not uncommon the addition. Though in Taiwan, a restaurant would be under scrutiny if they claim it a vegetarian dish and probably would have gotten away in China. Also, brown sugar is commonly used here - that might have made some difference in taste.
Maybe next time, ask in a way so you would be taken a little more seriously - ask why there is more soup than what you had had elsewhere – you might be spared of a'shake head', or you might get a 'water la'!
Hi Katy -- I don't think he was brushing me off. We ate there 3 times and he was a very nice guy, happy to chat. And was quite specific -- eggs, bean curd, tomatoes, sugar, salt. I was surprised and asked him to confirm that and he did. I've made it at home many times with no broth and ended up with a version just as soupy ... all depends on the tomatoes you use.
OK, I just couldn't help giggle when I pictured he shook his head! Actually now that I read your step 1 - to | 839 |
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New Research On Suicidal Behavior
Reviewed by John M. Grohol, Psy.D. on April 13, 2010
Determining who is at risk for suicide is an arduous and inexact endeavor. Even trained clinicians can miss warning signs.
Researchers have now developed an instrument they believe will help predict those at risk.
Matthew Nock of Harvard University, along with colleagues from Harvard University and Massachusetts General Hospital, modified a well-known word-association test to measure associations between life and death/ suicide and examined if it could be effective in predicting suicide risk.
The Implicit Association Test (IAT) is a widely used test that measures automatic associations people hold about various topics. Participants are shown pairs of words; the speed of their response indicates if they unconsciously associate those words.
In the IAT version used in this study, participants classified words related to "life" (e.g., breathing) and "death" (e.g., dead) and "me" (e.g., mine) and "not me" (e.g., them).
Faster responses to "death"/"me" stimuli than "life"/"me" stimuli would suggest a stronger association between death and self.
People seeking treatment at a psychiatric emergency room participated in this study. They completed the IAT and various mental health assessments. In addition, their medical records were examined six months later to see if they had attempted suicide within that time.
The results, reported in Psychological Science, a journal of the Association for Psychological Science, revealed that participants presenting to the emergency room after<|fim_middle|> emergencies.
In addition, participants with strong associations between death/ suicide and self were significantly more likely to make a suicide attempt within the next six months than were those who had stronger associations between life and self.
These results suggest that an implicit association between death/ suicide and self may be a behavioral marker for suicide attempts. These findings also indicate that measures of implicit cognition may be useful for identifying and predicting clinical behaviors that tend not be reported.
As Nock explains, "these results are really exciting because they address a long-standing scientific and clinical dilemma by identifying a method of measuring how people are thinking about death and suicide that does not rely on their self-report."
He adds, "we are hopeful that this line of research ultimately will provide scientists and clinicians with new tools for measuring how people think about sensitive clinical behaviors that they may be unwilling or unable to report on verbally."
Mahzarin Banaji, also of Harvard University and a co-author of this study, adds that this work presents a strong argument for the importance of funding basic behavioral research.
"These results are an example of basic research helping to solving a troubling and devastating problem in every society. The method we used was designed to understand the mind, but it turned into a technique that can predict disorders of a variety of sorts. One wonders why funding agencies that should know better about the value of basic research seem so naive when it comes to decisions about what is in the public's interest."
Source: Association for Psychological Science
http://psychcentral.com/news/2010/04/13/new-research-on-suicidal-behavior/12788.html
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Teenagers and Suicide | a suicide attempt had a stronger implicit association between death/ suicide and self than did participants presenting with other psychiatric | 21 |
WHO maps out four-year plan to improve global access to safe blood
By healthwise
The World Health Organisation has mapped out a new new action plan to speed up universal access to safe blood and blood products.
The United Nations agency said it would pull together existing recommendations and also recommend new improved ways of working.
It said the plan was the beginning of a four-year collaborative effort to improve blood transfusion and blood-based therapies in all countries.
In a Press release on its website on Wednesday, the WHO noted that safe blood saves lives in all sorts of circumstances, especially in emergency and epidemic settings.
It said, "Blood transfusion and blood products are critical for birth delivery for both the mother and baby; the survival and quality of life of patients suffering from life-threatening conditions such as haemophilia, thalassemia, immune deficiency and cancer; treating severe injuries and carrying out medical and surgical procedures.
"But progress in blood safety and availability has been slow in many parts of the world, placing patients' safety at risk and putting undue pressure on health workers."
<|fim_middle|> to patient."
Itemising the challenges besetting blood donation or transfusion, WHO said, "they include slow implementation of national blood policies and weak blood regulatory systems; insufficient number of voluntary blood donors (who are considered the safest donors); poor quality management of screening tests, blood grouping and compatibility testing; inappropriate clinical use of blood; insufficient national funding for blood safety."
To address these, WHO said it has set out six key objectives for all countries and in particular those with weak blood systems.
The objectives are as follow: appropriately structured, well-coordinated and sustainably resourced national blood systems; regulatory capacity to ensure the quality and safety of blood; as well as functioning and efficiently managed blood services.
Others are, "effective implementation of patient blood management to optimise transfusion practices; effective surveillance, haemovigilance and pharmacovigilance, supported by comprehensive and accurate data collection systems; partnerships, collaboration and information exchange to achieve key priorities and jointly address challenges and emerging threats at global, regional and national levels."
The organisation said it looked forward to working with partners worldwide to implement the plan, improve blood supply, particularly in the low and middle-income countries where this is so urgently needed, and save lives.
The plan will run from 2020-2024, it said.
safe blood
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News Lara Adejoro - January 27, 2023 0
Lara Adejoro In this interview with LARA ADEJORO, a Professor of Medicine (Nephrology) at the Lagos State University College of Medicine and Head of Nephrology...
News Agency - January 26, 2023 0
News Amarachi Okeh - January 26, 2023 0 | It lamented that progress is also mostly restricted to developed countries, saying, "Out of the approximate 118 million blood donations collected globally, 42 per cent are collected in high-income countries, home to 16 per cent of the world's population.
"And one out of four low-income countries do not test all donated blood, while 54 per cent of countries do not have surveillance systems to secure the supply chain from blood donor | 91 |
Justia Patents Cryptography Patents Electric Signal Modification Patents Having Production Of Printed Copy (e.g., Printer, Typewriter) Patents (Class 380/51)
Having Production Of Printed Copy (e.g., Printer, Typewriter) Patents (Class 380/51)
Encoded image based messaging system
Abstract: A system to provide users with a means for accessing media content directly, by performing operations that include: causing display of a media item within a graphical user interface at a client device, the graphical user interface including a set of graphical elements; receiving a selection of a graphical element from among the set of graphical elements within the graphical user interface; generating a reference to the media item based on the selection of the graphical element; encoding a matrix barcode with the reference to the media item; and generating a presentation of the media item that includes a display of the matrix barcode at a position within the media item.
Assignee: Snap Inc.
Inventors: Christie Marie Heikkinen, Celia Nicole Mourkogiannis, David Phillip Taitz
Methods and systems for making, tracking and authentication of products
Abstract: Manufactured goods are marked or labeled with a secure unique identifier. A central checking centre allows users to verify the authenticity of a particular good such as a cigarette pack or carton via any convenient interface such as the internet or a cell phone. A system of secret sharing allows secure authentication of each item and prevents code breaking or misuse.
Assignee: PHILIP MORRIS USA INC.
Inventors: Alain Sager, Philippe Chatelain, Erwan Fradet
Screen capturing and masking system and method
Abstract: A screen capturing method comprising: providing an application configured to display an application screen comprising a plurality of display objects to a user of a user device, wherein a subset of the display objects is associated with information to be masked, and wherein at least one of the display objects of the subset is located at different locations in at least two different layouts of the application screen; receiving a request to obtain a centralized managed list comprising one or more records including information characterizing the subset; and sending the centralized managed list to the user device, thereby enabling the user device to determine a location of the subset and to generate at least one screen capture of the application screen in which the subset of the display objects associated with the information to be masked is masked.
Assignee: Glassbox Ltd.
Inventors: Eliav Atoun, Oleg Bezrudny
Content encryption and in-place decryption using visually encoded ciphertext
Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for encrypting and decrypting data using visually encoded ciphertext. The method includes selecting, using a graphical user interface coupled to an electronic device, one or more portions of a document to be encrypted, visually encoding the selected one or more portions of the document, generating a visual representation, wherein the visual representation corresponds to encrypted content, and replacing the selected one or more portions of the document with the visual representation. The method further includes displaying, to the user, the visual representation, capturing the visual representation using one or more cameras, decoding the visual representation, obtaining the encrypted content, and decrypting the encrypted content, generating decrypted content.
Inventors: Andrea G. Forte, Vishal K. Singh
End-to-end commodity and commodity marking tracking
Abstract: Embodiments of the invention relate to establishing commodity traceability across supplier, manufacturer, and customer processes via end-to-end commodity marking traceability. A manufacturer receives incoming material, such as an industry standard commodity, from a supplier and authenticates a marking affixed to the incoming material. After authenticating the supplier's marking for the incoming material, a second marking is affixed to the incoming material. The commodity is converted at manufacturing into a finished product and associated with finished product data. The supplier's marking and the manufacturer's markings for the incoming material are related, and the relationship is related to the finished product data. The stored and maintained relationships supports integration of the first marking data and the second marking data with product data, and supports end-to-end commodity marking traceability.
Assignee: Lenovo Enterprise Solutions (Singapore) PTE. LTD.
Inventors: David T. Bennington, JiXiong Chen, Thomas S. Mazzeo, JunWu Sun
User device validation at an application server
Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for validation at an application server are described. The application server may validate a user device utilizing a public-private key pair, and may refrain from establishing a database connection until the user device is validated. For example, the application server may transmit a private key and a public key identifier to the user device. When the application server receives a session establishment message that is based on a private key and that contains the public key identifier, the application server may determine the public key of the public-private key pair based on the identifier. The application server may validate that the session establishment message is received from the user device based on the private key and the determined public key. Based on this validation procedure, the application server may establish a database connection with a database, granting the validated user device access to requested data.
Assignee: salesforce.com, inc.
Inventor: Prasad Peddada
Non-transitory computer-readable medium storing output instructions to control portable terminal and portable terminal
Abstract: A portable terminal includes: a display; a user interface; a memory; a network interface; and a controller, the controller performs performing a deciding processing of deciding the display mode of instructions objects corresponding to the external instructions specified in the first specifying processing, based on attribute information; performing a display control processing of controlling the display to display a selection screen including instructions objects having the display mode decided in the<|fim_middle|> existence of the label, receive a signal indicating that a service requested by the label has been provided, and update the identifier in the first database to indicate that the requested service has been provided.
Assignee: UNITED STATES POSTAL SERVICE
Inventors: John Gullo, Jason Hugo, Shea R. Felix, Mark J. Briganti
Abstract: Manufactured goods are marked or labelled with a secure unique identifier. A central checking centre allows users to verify the authenticity of a particular good such as a cigarette pack or carton via any convenient interface such as the internet or a cell phone. A system of secret sharing allows secure authentication of each item and prevents code breaking or misuse.
System and method for dynamically partitioning a postage evidencing system
Abstract: A postage evidencing system for tracking postage amounts for multiple users comprising at least two register set partitions is disclosed. Each of the partitions includes an ascending register holding a number representing a value of postage that can be evidenced by the device, a descending register holding a number representing a value of postage that has been previously evidenced by the device, and an identification representing a source of mail pieces that are evidenced with postage from the partition. A security module limits access to the partitions and registers. The identifier for a selected partition is printed on mail pieces as part of an Information Based Indicia (IBI) to identify the source of the mail pieces.
Assignee: Stamps.com Inc.
Inventors: Craig Ogg, Keith Bussell
System and method for printing postage
Abstract: In some embodiments, a web-based postage transaction may be facilitated. In some embodiments, an applet embedded on a web page may be provided to a client computer in response to the client computer accessing the web page. A request related to a postage transaction may be received from the client computer. In response to the request, a validation check may be performed by providing a validation token to the embedded applet at the client computer to be validated by the embedded applet. Based on a determination by the embedded applet at the client computer that the validation token is valid, the embedded applet at the client computer is configured to execute at least a part of the request.
Assignee: PSI Systems, Inc.
Inventors: Jason Davey, Patrick Sean Farry
Methods and system of devices for managing confidential documents using authentication codes
Abstract: A system of devices receives and stores documents based on confidential information redacted from the documents. An electronic document is analyzed to identify character blocks having confidential information. The confidential information can be in different formats within the document. Redaction rules are applied to the character blocks to identify confidential categories for the confidential information within the blocks. The confidential information is redacted based on the rules such that the confidential information is removed from the document. A new electronic document is generated with the information redacted such that it is not viewable or printable. The two documents with different levels of confidential information is then stored on separate devices within the system. The documents may be made available within the system according to authentication codes for the documents.
Date of Patent: March 9, 2021
Assignee: Kyocera Document Solutions Inc.
Inventor: Samantha Tong
System and method for privacy-preserving data retrieval for connected power tools
Abstract: A method for network-connected tool operation with user anonymity includes generating a first cryptographic key that is stored in a memory in the power tool, generating a first encrypted serial number for the power tool based on an output of an encryption function using the first cryptographic key applied to a non-encrypted serial number for the power tool stored in the memory, and generating usage data based on data received from at least one sensor in the power tool during operation of the power tool. The method further includes transmitting the usage data in association only with the first encrypted serial number from the power tool to a maintenance system to enable usage data collection that prevents identification of the power tool as being associated with the usage data.
Assignee: Robert Bosch GmbH
Inventors: Xinxin Fan, Jorge Guajardo Merchan, Daniel Vesenmaier
Systems and methods for authorizing a transaction
Abstract: A system for authorizing a transaction includes one or more processors, and a memory storing instructions. When executed by the one or more processors, the instructions cause the system to perform operations including: receiving a configuration request associated with a financial service account via a web interface; setting a limitation in accordance with the configuration request; and generating a graphic indicium or a card number as a token for authorizing a transaction, associated with the financial service account, which satisfies the limitation in accordance with the configuration request. The token is configured to be printed on a substrate or loaded into an electronic payment system.
Assignee: Capital One Services, LLC
Inventors: Eric K. Barnum, Anthony P. Reynolds
Cloaking and watermark of non-coded information
Abstract: A computer system for the creation of subliminal image or watermarks where the apparent video is an "obvious" image and a subliminal or "clandestine" image or watermark is hidden within the data structure. The concept is envisioned for the cloaking of images, sound, video or like digitized non-coded information. The cloaked files may be intended for storage, transmission, or clandestine placement in a public file system. The watermark may be used for the subliminal marking of a source of a file, its creation, or for tagging copyrighted information.
Assignee: The Quantum Group, Inc.
Inventors: Noel J. Guillama, Chester A. Heath
Ticket authentication method and ticket authentication device
Abstract: A ticket authentication method and a ticket authentication device are provided. The ticket authentication method includes the following steps. A first electronic device outputs an e-ticket. A second electronic device acquires the e-ticket. The second electronic device outputs a visible light verification code. The first electronic device acquires the visible light verification code and generates a composite code according to a certification data and the verification code. The second electronic device acquires the visible light composite code, and determines whether the composite code matches the certification data and the verification code. When the composite code matches the certification data and the verification code, the second electronic determines that the authentication of the e-ticket is successful.
Assignee: INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH INSTITUTE
Inventors: Yi-Yuan Chen, Xin-Lan Liao, Kun-Hsien Lin, Lih-Guong Jang, Chi-Neng Liu, Nien-Chu Wu, Po-Yu Huang
Method, apparatus, and platform for sharing wireless local area network
Abstract: A method, an apparatus, and a platform for sharing a wireless local area network, so as to resolve a problem of low system security that exists in a process of currently implementing wireless local area network sharing. In the embodiments of the present invention, a wireless local area network sharing platform receives a wireless local area network sharing message generated by a first terminal based on locally saved wireless local area network sharing information and generates, according to the sharing information, identifier information corresponding to a wireless local area network sharing page; a second terminal accesses a wireless local area network according to the identifier information.
Assignee: HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Inventor: Xi Chen
Host/battery with public/private busses, public memory, processor, and private memory
Abstract: Systems and methods for providing a battery module 110 with secure identity information and authentication of the identity of the battery 110 by a host 120. In one embodiment, the system for providing a battery module with secure identity information includes: (1) a tamper resistant processing environment 200 located within the battery module 110 and (2) a key generator configured to generate a key based on an identity of the battery module 110 and cause the key to be stored within the tamper resistant processing environment 200.
Assignee: Texas Instruments Incorporated
Inventors: Narendar M. Shankar, Erdal Paksoy, Todd Vanyo
Methods and apparatus for securely displaying digital images
Abstract: The invention provides methods and apparatus for securing personalized or sensitive information appearing in digital images. Digital images containing information to be secured is processed and divided into a plurality of image cells. At least one image cell from the plurality of image cells is selected and redacted or altered to render the information to be secured with the selected image cells indecipherable. The invention also provides methods and apparatus for transmitting or streaming unredacted image cells alone or in combination with redacted image cells for secured viewing on a user browser or computer.
Assignee: The 41st Parameter, Inc.
Inventors: Ori Eisen, Raz Yalov
Method and system for converting a toner cartridge printer
Abstract: A method of converting a CMYK toner printer to print with a white toner, comprising the steps: providing a CMYK toner printer; wherein the toner printer has four printing cartridges; wherein the four printing cartridges comprise a black toner printing cartridge, a cyan toner printing cartridge, a magenta toner printing cartridge, and a yellow toner printing cartridge; removing the black toner printing cartridge from the toner printer, such that there is an empty toner cartridge slot; providing a white toner printing cartridge that is filled with a white toner; installing the white toner printing cartridge into the empty toner cartridge slot; and providing raster image processor (RIP) software, such that the printer is able to incorporate the white toner into one or more images printed by the printer.
Assignee: UI TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
Inventors: Michael Raymond Josiah, Joseph Dovi
Printing apparatus, control method for printing apparatus, and storage medium
Abstract: Ability information about an authentication printing function to be transmitted from a printing apparatus to a print client is varied depending on whether a communication path between the apparatuses is encrypted.
Assignee: Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
Inventor: Takashi Okazawa
Secure wireless communication device and method
Abstract: The present invention provides a secure wireless device and a method for secure wireless communication between a secure wireless device and a mobile device using NFC. The devices have a common seed value, which may be provided to the secure wireless device by the mobile device when they are is physical contact. During contact the mobile device sends a pairing request and credentials to the secure device. After the credentials are validated, the devices are paired and can exchange encrypted messages via a suitable wireless interface such as Bluetooth, the messages being encrypted initially based on the common seed value and the encryption key being regenerated by each device after message transmission by the secure device and reception by the mobile device. The secure device stores confidential data, which can be sent in encrypted messages to the mobile device.
Inventor: Vincent Ramoutar
System, method, and computer program product for preventing image-related data loss
Abstract: A system, method, and computer program product are provided for preventing data loss associated with an image. In use, an image is identified, and it is determined whether the image includes predetermined data. In addition, an action is performed based on the determination, for preventing data loss.
Assignee: McAfee, LLC
Inventors: Prasanna Ganapathi Basavapatna, Gopi Krishna Chebiyyam
Replacing a token with a mask value for display at an interface
Abstract: Techniques for replacing a token with a mask value are disclosed. In an embodiment, a masking engine is implemented by a cloud application. The cloud application receives, from a client device, a request for a data value associated with a data field. The masking engine determines that a set of data stored in association with the data field corresponds to a token format. The cloud application transmits a mask value, rather than the set of data, towards the client device. In an embodiment, a masking engine is implemented by a client device and/or a data residency proxy. The masking engine receives a set of data for display at an interface of the client device. The masking engine determines that the set of data corresponds to a token format. The masking engine causes a mask value, rather than the set of data, to be displayed at the interface.
Assignee: Oracle International Corporation
Inventors: Kent Arthur Spaulding, Kenneth Joseph Meltsner
Token enrollment system and method
Abstract: Embodiments of the invention are directed to methods, apparatuses, computer readable media and systems for providing a token service environment that allows a token requesting party (e.g. token requestor) to specify parameters for token generation for controlling and customizing the token generation process. For example, the token requesting party may specify (e.g. select from a list or provide a list of) the accounts for tokenization. The accounts may be identified by account identifiers (e.g. account numbers) or bank identification numbers (BINs). The token requesting party may also specify encryption keys for the tokens to be generated. The token requesting party may also specify additional parameters such as notification thresholds indicating when notifications associated with the tokens are to be generated.
Assignee: VISA INTERNATIONAL SERVICE ASSOCIATION
Inventors: Prasanna L. Narayan, Karthikeyan Palanisamy, Ramji Sethuraman
Transmission of authorization information
Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for utilizing a mobile station for the transmission of authorization information requiring verification in a telecommunication network comprising the mobile station. In the method, the information to be verified is transmitted to the mobile station, the authorization information transmitted is presented on the display of the mobile station, the authorization information presented is read from the display of the mobile station, and the authenticity of the authorization information thus read is verified. According to the invention, the authorization information is sent in a form comprising information to be presented in a graphic form, and the authorization information is presented on the display of the mobile station using a user-independent function of the mobile station in question for the presentation of graphic information.
Assignee: Intellectual Ventures I LLC
Inventors: Toni Komu, Petri Pohjanen, Antti Kilpela
System and method for providing personalized messaging
Abstract: A user associates a supply chain event with a personalized message. The system causes the personalized message (or a link thereto) to be sent to a recipient using a selected dissemination method when the supply chain event occurs.
Assignee: W.W. Frainger, Inc.
Inventor: Geoffry A. Westphal
Information management control apparatus, image processing apparatus, and information management control system
Abstract: An information management control apparatus includes a storage unit, a transmission unit, and a permission unit. The storage unit stores a job including one of a pair of keys, with which both encryption and decryption are possible, and address information. The transmission unit encrypts a user ID of a login user by using the one of the keys and transmits the encrypted user ID through a communication unit in accordance with the address information, the user having been logged in in order to issue an instruction for executing the job. The permission unit permits execution of the job, in a case in which a user ID that has been encrypted by using the other of the keys and transmitted in response to the transmission is decrypted by using the one of the keys, if the user ID is the same as the user ID of the login user.
Assignee: FUJI XEROX CO., LTD.
Inventor: Tsubasa Kitai
Anti-counterfeiting serialization system
Abstract: An anti-counterfeiting serialization method. The method can include receiving an input serial number, locating a seed character at a predetermined position in the input serial number, determining, based on the seed character, a first output position for an incrementing character of the input serial number, determining, based on the incrementing character, at least one second output position for at least one remaining character of the input serial number, and generating an output serial number having the incrementing character in the first output position and at least one remaining character in the at least one second output position.
Filed: December 5, 2017
Assignee: AVERY DENNISON RETAIL INFORMATION SERVICES, LLC
Inventors: Paul A. Chamandy, John W. Moliski
Authentication of manual meter readings
Abstract: A method for authenticating a meter reading. The method includes obtaining a measurement representing a measured attribute of a user, analyzing the measurement to generate an authentication code, generating the meter reading based on the measurement and the authentication code, presenting, by the metering device, the meter reading to the user who alters and reports the meter reading as a reported meter reading, analyzing, by a meter reading analysis device, the reported meter reading to detect that the meter reading was altered by the user, and generating, by the meter reading analysis device and in response to the detecting, a dispatch request to dispatch a human inspector for validating the measurement.
Assignee: ITRON NETWORKED SOLUTIONS, INC.
Inventor: Juan Alemany
Piecewise encryption for content in print jobs
Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for piecewise encryption of Page Description Language (PDL) print jobs. One embodiment is a method that includes receiving a Page Description Language (PDL) print job at a printer, wherein the print job includes segments of PDL content, and includes unencrypted PDL content. For each of the segments within the print job, the method includes detecting an identifier (ID) for the segment, correlating the ID with an encryption key stored at the printer, and decrypting the segment at the printer via the encryption key. The method further includes printing the print job, including each segment that has been decrypted.
Assignee: Ricoh Company, Ltd.
Inventors: John Barker Condon, Reinhard Heinrich Hohensee, Harry Reese Lewis
Method and system for providing a barcode image over a network
Abstract: Methods and systems consistent with the present invention provide a barcode image. A client is operable to create a request for a barcode image and send the request to a server. The request comprises data to be converted to a barcode. The server is operable to receive the request from the client via a network, generate a barcode image from the data, and encode the barcode image. Thereafter, the server provides the encoded image to the client.
Inventors: Kyle M. Dixon, Stephen M. Dearing
Method and system for generating machine-readable biometric data
Abstract: Methods, computer readable storage media, and systems are provided for generating machine-readable biometric data from a medical device, which may include: obtaining an image of the medical device including a display of the medical device; retrieving a reference image of a reference display corresponding to the medical device, the reference image defining a reference data field within the reference display; comparing the image to the reference image to identify a data field within the display corresponding to the reference data field within the reference display; identifying one or more alpha-numeric symbols within the data field; and converting the alpha-numeric symbols into the machine-readable biometric data. The machine-readable biometric data may be used to create a data record for a user of the medical device, and can be communicated to an Independent Diagnostic Testing Facility (IDTF) database or server.
Assignee: ZTech, Inc.
Inventors: Alan Chmiel, Christopher Sheehan, Bradley Humphreys
Method and computer program product for creating personalized artwork
Abstract: A computer program product for creating personalized artwork includes an art creation server comprising a processor, a data store, and a controller comprising a data management engine, a randomization engine, and an online shopping. Each of the controller subsystems may manipulate information in the data store. The data management engine may receive and manage art objects, including both pre-set and custom versions of the following: outline shapes, design elements, and medium settings. The randomization engine may automatically generate the personalized artwork using selected art objects. The online shopping engine may process a purchase order for a good characterized by the personalized artwork. The selected art objects, the personalized artwork, and the purchase order may be added to the information included in the data store. A production device may create the good using the information in the data store.
Method of and system for verifying authenticity of packaged items
Abstract: During manufacture and packaging of items whose authenticity is to be verified, the items are marked with individual item characteristics, and placed in a package. A first item authentication code is determined from the individual item characteristics of the marked items. A first package authentication code is generated, and the package is marked with the first package authentication code. During item authentication in the field, an image of the package and the marked items is captured, a second package authentication code and the individual item characteristics are extracted from the captured image, the extracted individual item characteristics are processed to generate a second item authentication code, and the authenticity of the marked items is verified by matching the first and second package authentication codes and by matching the first and second item authentication codes.
Assignee: Zortag, Inc.
Inventors: Alexander Shevchenko, Michael Gouzman, Dmitri Gavrilov, Satya P. Sharma
Generalized certificate use in policy-based secure messaging environments
Abstract: Within a secure messaging environment, a determination is made that a request to send a message has been generated by a message sender. A message protection policy configured to process the message within the secure messaging environment is identified. The message protection policy specifies that, within the secure messaging environment, a secured digital certificate, other than a digital certificate of the message sender, is configured with an associated private key to digitally sign the message on behalf of the message sender. Based upon the message protection policy, a determination is made to digitally sign the message using the private key of the secured digital certificate. The message is signed on behalf of the message sender using the private key of the secured digital certificate.
Assignee: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION
Inventor: Bret W. Dixon
Micro-payment scheme encouraging collaboration in multi-hop cellular networks
Abstract: In a communication system having a number of base stations and user devices, a sending user device comprising a processor and a memory is configured to generate a packet or other communication for forwarding to a receiving user device via one or more intermediary user devices of the system. The forwarding path of the communication may involve one or more of the base stations. A payment token is associated with the communication, such that at least one of the intermediary user devices can generate a payment claim based on the payment token. The payment token is independent of the particular identities of the one or more intermediary user devices of the system.
Assignee: EMC IP Holding Company LLC
Inventors: Bjorn Markus Jakobsson, Jean-Pierre Hubaux, Levente Buttyán
System and method for managing postal accounting data using transient data collectors
Abstract: Methods and systems using a single centralized database to manage postal accounting data are provided. The central database may interface with remote postal meters by way of one or more transient data collectors, which cache data from associated meters and transmit the data to the central database. The data collectors also validate postage accounts to the associated meters. The use of local transient data collectors allows for a single centralized database to be used without requiring data replication among databases local to each computer that manages postal meters.
Assignee: Neopost Technologies
Inventor: Sean Angelone
Digital unlocking of secure containers
Abstract: A user device outputs an unlock code or sends a signal that automatically unlocks a locked container housing a deliverable product when the user device authenticates the container, thereby indicating that the container has been delivered to an intended recipient. The device is associated with a user profile and stores a private key that is inaccessible except by the device. When a product order becomes associated with the user profile, a public key that pairs with the private key is encoded on a storage medium of the container. When the container is brought into proximity with the device, if the device determines that the public key encoded on the storage medium corresponds to the private key stored on the device, the device displays or audibly outputs an unlock code or sends a wireless signal that automatically unlocks the container. The container can also include sensors for detecting theft or tampering.
Assignee: Amazon Technologies, Inc.
Inventor: Ty Loren Carlson
Abstract: An interactive display for presenting an optical pattern spatially encoding an electronic voucher is described. The interactive display comprises: a display arranged to present an optical pattern; and a controller coupled to the display. The controller is arranged to (i) generate a unique code; (ii) combine the generated unique code with an electronic offer to create a new optical pattern spatially encoding an electronic voucher; and (iii) present the new optical pattern on the display in response to a renewal criterion being satisfied.
Assignee: NCR Corporation
Inventors: Norman G. Taylor, Jonathan S. Black
Retroreflective articles having a machine-readable code
Abstract: Retroreflective articles comprise a substrate and a bar code provided on the substrate. The bar code comprises at least one human-readable information which provides framing information and a machine-readable information which provides variable information. The human-readable information is visible under a first condition and invisible under a second condition, and the machine-readable information is invisible under the first condition and visible under the second condition.
Assignee: 3M Innovative Properties Company
Inventors: Patrick R. Fleming, Thomas J. Dahlin
Tokenizing sensitive data
Abstract: Included are embodiments for tokenizing sensitive data. Some embodiments of systems and/or methods are configured to receive sensitive data from a vendor, determine a token key for the vendor, and utilize a proprietary algorithm, based on the token key to generate a vendor-specific token that is associated with the sensitive data. Some embodiments include creating a token identifier that comprises data related to the token key sending the vendor-specific token and the token identifier to the vendor.
Filed: September 6, 2017
Assignee: Worldpay, LLC
Inventors: Bryan T. Bailey, John Romer, Chris Doyle, Jeremy Gifford, Kevin Zibart
Software product inventory and usage information correlated with license agreement information
Abstract: A software tool and database that enables a user to view information, on the one hand, pertaining to hardware and software product inventory and usage, and, on the other hand, to license agreement information in such way that the two sets of information are correlated and associated. The tool presents inventory and usage information based on agreement criteria and/or agreement information based on inventory and usage criteria in an integrated fashion that permits the user to switch from one kind of information to the other kind in a variety of convenient ways. The main functional blocks of the software tool include a data acquisition tool, a reconciliation and association tool, and a processing/display/output tool.
Inventors: Robert Barritz, Peter Kassan, Per Hellberg
Device and method for identification and authentication
Abstract: A device for identification and authentication of a remote user connecting to a service over a network includes a cryptographic processor and at least one cryptographic key and storage means, additional processing means and interface means to generate and transmit a unique authentication code as emulated keystrokes through a standard input, means of a client terminal. The code may be transmitted only by an explicit command of the user.
Assignee: YUBICO AB
Inventors: Jakob Ehrensvärd, Stina Ehrensvärd | deciding processing; performing a first receiving processing of receiving a user operation of selecting an object included in the selection screen, via the user interface; performing, in response to the operation of selecting a instructions object in the first receiving processing, an activation processing of activating an external instructions corresponding to the selected object; performing an designation information acquiring processing of acquiring designation information from the external instructions activa
Date of Patent: March 22, 2022
Assignee: BROTHER KOGYO KABUSHIKI KAISHA
Inventor: Norihiko Asai
Systems and methods for creation of personalized artwork including words clouds
Abstract: A computer-implemented system and method creates personalized artwork, including word clouds, for making personalized goods. The system may include an art creation server, a data store, and a controller with a plurality of subsystems. Each of the plurality of subsystems is configured to manipulate data included in the data store. A data management engine is configured to receive a plurality of art objects. A randomization engine is configured to automatically generate personalized artwork by selectively layering a subset of the plurality of art objects. The randomization engine is also configured to automatically generate a rendering of the personalized artwork that can be edited by a user.
Assignee: GIFTS FOR YOU, LLC
Inventors: James Tuchler, Aram Avetissian
Method and system for device level authentication in electronic transactions
Abstract: A method for distributing data to a computing device using device level authentication includes: storing, in a memory of a computing device, a single use key encrypted with a first encryption, a server public key, and device data; generating a key pair comprising a device private key and a corresponding device public key; wrapping the device public key using the server public key; transmitting at least the device data, wrapped device public key, and the single use key encrypted with the first encryption to a server; receiving the single use key encrypted with a second encryption from the server; and executing a query on the memory to insert the received single use key encrypted with the second encryption.
Assignee: MASTERCARD INTERNATIONAL INCORPORATED
Inventors: Abhinava Srivastava, Sapankumar K. Mandloi
Systems and methods for secure communication
Abstract: In some embodiments, fast and secure communication can be achieved (e.g., in a fueling environment payment system) with systems and methods that validate an authentication request based on one or more pre-validated cryptographic keys.
Assignee: Wayne Fueling Systems LLC
Inventors: Weiming Tang, James Matthew Brewer
Item status tracking
Abstract: A method and system for tracking the status of a label. The system can include a memory with a database. The database can include an indicator of the label status. The system can additionally include a processor that operates in accordance with instructions stored in the memory. The processor can receive a request to generate a label, update the first database with an identifier that indicates the | 611 |
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The BIG Partnership undergoes £11m management buy out
By John Glenday - February 2, 2016
Public relations specialists The BIG Partnership have undergone an £11m management buy-out by six board members, valuing the 40 per cent stake each held by owners Alex Barr and Neil Gibson at £4m with the expectation that they will slowly wind down their involvement.
Under the terms of the deal the shares will transfer over a seven year period to 2021 with board members stumping up a 'modest' sum to finance the changeover with<|fim_middle|> editors talk you through stories we know you'll love.
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'Don't go dark': Ex Apple and Pepsi exec John Sculley offers pandemic brand-building tips | the remainder sourced from ongoing profits from the business.
Founded in 2000, BIG has expanded to employ 115 people in five offices, generating a turnover of £8.3m in the year to May with 11 senior staff set to receive payments running into the tens of thousands.
Explaining the move Barr told the Herald: "We have been very lucky with our people and our clients. You just want to get to the stage where you secure the future of the business…and realise the investment you have made over 16 years in building it up from scratch."
News of the change in ownership, negotiations for which have been shrouded in secrecy since getting underway in 2014, was broken by The Herald after staff were notified of the move yesterday.
This article is about: Scotland, Big Partnership, Management Buy Out, Public Relations
Source: The Herald
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Used in 67 recipes at an average of 1.295%.
Wow! This was a huge challenge. As many mixers know, a really good chocolate is hard to develop. For one, it seems most, if not all, chocolates have off notes. Some have plastic notes, others have a mustiness, and others have both. While a good long steep can take out some of the off notes, it doesn't always go away and it's very hard to cover up these off notes. My approach was to find the one that had the lesser of the two evils and I think I found it.
Now the profile I was going for was my interpretation of Metix Golden Ticket. I'm not calling it a clone, but you can be the judge whether it's close or not.
Metix describes this profile as chocolate milk with a rich creamy twist. I'm<|fim_middle|> high for some, but that's the beauty of DIY, you can modify to your liking.
If you don't mind a very slight mustiness, this can be a shake and vape. However I suggest letting it steep for about a week and 2 weeks is even better.
A smooth,creamy,light tobacco vape.easy to mix and a good company for all day.enjoy! | not sure if that's an accurate description of the flavor I get, but it is a wonderful eliquid. To me, it absolutely does have a creamy twist but the chocolate milk part seems different than just a "chocolate milk". I get a chocolate fudge with slight caramel notes with just a hint of coconut and a very rich cream. It is a wonderful blend of chocolates and cream. So, here is how I approached it.
This was difficult. As I mentioned, there's just not a lot of chocolates out there that don't have off notes. But there is one that stands above the crowd, HS Australian Chocolate. This one seemed to have the least off notes and after a week steep no major detectable off notes. Off the shake it does have a slight mustiness but so much less than all the others I have tried. I had considered LB Lava Cake but that flavoring seems to be better in a bakery rather than a chocolate milk. HS Australian Chocolate at 3% was the best choice for this.
The HS Australian Chocolate, however, was not right own it's own for this profile. It needed that hint of coconut and that slight caramel I was tasting. Now I didn't want the coconut to take over the mix which is easily done if used too high. TPA Coconut Candy at .25% was all that was needed to make the chocolate have deeper dimension to it and to add a bit of sweetness. The caramel note was a bit harder. I wanted to add that slight caramel note but with out giving it a "butterscotch" taste. FW Salted Caramel is one of the best caramels out there, but it has a "nutty" note that I didn't feel was right for this mix. I settled on TPA Dulce De Leche Caramel at 1%. This was the perfect choice. It has a milky note like condensed milk that added to the "chocolate milk" part of the profile and a slight caramel.
Anytime I'm going for a "milk" the first flavoring I grab is FA Meringue. It seems to do so well as a milk in many profiles. But this profile needed a twist. I needed a deep rich milk to compliment the chocolate and HS Italian Cream was it. If anyone is wanting a full bodied rich cream I highly recommend HS Italian Cream. FA Meringue at 2% and HS Italian Cream at 1.5% was perfect for this "Creamy Twist" I was looking for.
Metix Golden Ticket is a very nice eliquid. It is, however, on the upper side of sweetness for me. But one thing I've learned is that chocolates need that sweetness. I added .5% CAP Super Sweet which may be too | 566 |
It has been five years since I was officially appointed editor of CCN and first discovered the acronym HVACR.
While my background as a journalist allowed me to step into my new role with a degree of confidence, don't assume for a second that I knew the meaning of HVACR.
It marked my introduction to the climate control industry and the beginning of my formal schooling in refrigeration and air conditioning.
I have since realised that<|fim_middle|> there is a degree of pride in your profession that permeates the entire industry.
It is such an attractive quality that it gave me the impetus to want to learn more and to find out what everyone was so passionate about.
It was clear to me (early on) that I had become part of an industry where people really care. And while this too is an admirable quality, it does get a tad challenging (for me, not you). Let me explain.
My job is to keep readers informed. Simple right? A reporter's job is to report, not favour any one school of thought over another.
It is about being non-judgemental and steering clear of opinions (except on this page and within the confines of this column).
Yet despite my galliant efforts to walk the fine line of editorial independence, it can be tough at times. I am surrounded by the animated fervour of those who are committed to protecting their industry.
This excitement can be infectious. In other words I have to maintain a straight face (without botox) under the most difficult circumstances. Its not easy.
Our mission statement here at Yaffa Media is to 'educate, inform and inspire' our readers. We don't want to just inform, we want to bring the magazine to life which is exactly what we do with CCN Live. There is no better vehicle to inform CCN readers than via this annual event.
Readers can see and hear the news within these pages firsthand and also network with peers.
This year's CCN Live will be held on Thursday, August 24 at the Masonic Conference Centre in Sydney. Early bird tickets to the half day event are available until July 16. Don't miss out, go to www.climatecontrolnews.com.au/live.
Let's celebrate five letters (h-v-a-c-r) and my five year anniversary at the fifth CCN Live event – it's a triple treat! | I am actually one of the chosen few. I mean there aren't too many people outside of the industry that know about HVACR.
Ask the average person on the street what these letters represent and you will get everything but the correct answer.
If you ask a person under the age of 30 they will assume the acronym has something to do with social media or they will want to know if it is a new app.
But while the whole world may not know all that they should about what you do, | 102 |
Eric Staal's shorthanded goal in a 6-4 win over the Tampa Bay Lightning made him the Huricanes' scoring leader since the franchise came to North Carolina in 1997.
RBC CENTER, RALEIGH—Ron Francis retired with 1,249 assists, second only to Wayne Gretzky. But perhaps the Hurricanes' associate head coach should be given credit for 1,250 for a nifty setup move Saturday night.
After a minute of persistent yet ineffective pressure on a two-man advantage in the second period of an eventual 6-4 win over the Tampa Bay Lightning, the Canes called timeout so Francis—who runs the power play for Carolina—could tweak their approach. Moments later, Jussi Jokinen gave the Canes the lead for good in this up-and-down game.
The Canes top line of Jokinen, Eric Staal, and Erik Cole combined for nine points as Staal passed Rod Brind'Amour as the franchise points leader since the Canes relocated to North Carolina from Hartford.
What are we to make of this Canes team right now? They continue to give up goals in the opening moments of periods—Tampa did it twice on Saturday—but they hung six goals on the board for their second straight home game. They continue to take too many penalties—five minors for the second straight home game—but their special teams is peaking, netting four power play goals and a shorthanded tally on Saturday night, while shutting out Tampa's five-forward attack.
Maybe we should just be happy with a regulation win before a capacity home crowd over a division leader that plays a fire<|fim_middle|> a breakaway goal past Ward's blocker to make it 5-4.
Jokinen tossed his second power-play goal of the night into an empty net after Stamkos was sent off for holding the stick. Stamkos' vehement argument of the call prompted an early trip to the shower with a game misconduct.
This is just the first of five straight games against teams ahead of the Canes in the Eastern Conference standings. It's a good start. | wagon brand of hockey. With Atlanta's loss in Dallas, the Canes are now just a point below the playoff line.
It didn't look pretty early as the league's goal-scoring leader Steven Stamkos popped in a Steve Downie feed off a turnover not two minutes in. When Chad LaRose high-sticked Victor Hedman seconds later, there was the feeling that the game might quickly get out of hand.
But Joe Corvo, instead of simply icing the puck at the end of a penalty kill, found LaRose as he stepped out of the box for a breakaway. LaRose's deke opened Dwayne Roloson's crouch and the game was tied.
After killing two more Tampa power plays, Jeff Skinner got the only even-strength goal of the night for Carolina with under three minutes left in the period, banging in the rebound of a sharp Ian White shot after his only faceoff win of the evening.
But with 22 ticks left, Martin St. Louis turned Tim Gleason around with a smooth delay move and found Vincent Lecavalier in the slot to knot that game again.
Notice how many time the word "but" has been used? That's how it is with the Lightning. Tampa forces opponents to skate the puck up the middle of the ice where anything can happen—good or bad. They depend upon the improvisational skills of a group of forwards that stacks up against any team in the Eastern Conference, but they hang their goalie out to dry a lot as well. Consequently, the Lightning has won eleven more games than they've lost, but they've also scored eleven fewer goals than their opponents this season. They're the best terrible team in the league.
The second period was even more of a case study than the first. Sixty-two seconds in, St. Louis carried a nice outlet pass from Hedman into the Carolina zone, and Joni Pitkanen abandoned Simon Gagne in the crease to front the diminutive forward. Gagne could have had a brief conversation with Cam Ward before restoring the Tampa lead. And when Brandon Sutter couldn't corral a Patrick Dwyer centering pass into an empty net after Roloson made a mistake behind his net, there was that bad feeling again.
But then came the power plays. Hedman hooked Skinner after the rookie battled relentlessly for the puck in a corner, and Jamie McBain dashed down low to pot a rebound of an Eric Staal point shot that Roloson drastically overplayed.
Within a minute, Stamkos hooked Zach Boychuk down to thwart a 2-on-1 rush and, eleven seconds into that power play, Mattias Ohlund held Jokinen's stick. The Canes iced five forwards to cash in on the extended 5-on-3 advantage, which set up Francis' timeout and Jokinen's go-ahead goal.
The physicality of the game ramped up and Ryan Carter, after obliterating St. Louis on a clean check, slashed Ryan Malone after Malone objected to the unkind treatment of his teammate. But this merely set up the opportunity to put the knife into the Lightning's back.
Tampa is the only team that regularly uses five forwards on its power play. Although they're the seventh best man-advantage team, they also give up a lot of shorthanded goals. Cole must have been thinking about that as he lined up on the penalty kill. Tampa simply has no counter to his special brand of skillful aggression.
After Cole barged up the boards literally through a forward, running the puck out of the Carolina zone, he found Staal for a breakaway. Staal's shot pinged off the far post and skittered to the boards, and he curled back, slightly exasperated, to rejoin the kill. But Cole kept coming, wresting the puck from St. Louis at the wall and flinging it to Staal in the slot. This time the captain did not miss.
Midway through the third, Tampa pulled to within one, in an otherwise calm period. McBain waited to long to try to get a shot to the net, and Gagne blocked it up ice with his shins. He tracked it down for | 859 |
Houseboat rentals make an ideal vacation living on the<|fim_middle|>.
The principle object of the resort is to entertain the various varieties of people with excellent food and ambience. There will likely be transportation cost (Maximum Rs200 for one facet for one Auto) for the up and down charges,because the houseboats could also be stationed in other places in and around Kumarakom. | water. Come go to for early spring fishing, every week of summer family enjoyable, a relaxing trip to view the spectacular fall colors or simply week-end getaway to relax within the winter. Endlessly Resorts is your main resource for houseboat and small boat rentals!
Our pleasure craft contains; competitors ski boats, patio boats, fishing boats and our hottest watercraft; PWC's. The resort is right by the lake and every morning you could possibly see fishermen heading out on the water. A locale which is the Jetty for all backwater cruises, Finishing Level is probably the most crucial location in Alappuzha.
The room allotted to me was good and it was properly-maintained, they provided all required amenities in working situation. Typically, when the tree line at the far horizon lies obscured in mist or haze of rain, the lake virtually resembles a sea with ripples of waves and white foam on their crests.
The serene backwaters of the Punnamada lake unfold far and wide on the fringe of the resort, where boats giant and small cruise gently over the waters at dawn as you watch them with a cup of tea in hand from the sit out of your villa. The rooms are large enough, very clean, Good bathroom facilities, nice employees, food is great , swimming pool is absolutely cool | 265 |
Greek culture blossomed after the Persian Wars.General Pericles around the 450's BC led the reconstruction of Athens; which became the most beautiful city in all of Greece.Pericle's greatest structure built under his command was the Parthenon.
The Parthenon was a temple built for the patron goddess Athena (goddess of wisdom and art).Construction started 447 BC and continued until 432 BC.The structure is located in Athens Greece, on the acropolis<|fim_middle|>, horizontal supporting beams that span between columns were tied by bow-tie shaped iron clamps to secure them.
Sculptures once decorated the pediments of the building.The eastern pediment depicted the birth of Athena and western pe
The Ionic Order
The Mad Revisionist | .
The architects Ictinus and Callicrates designed the building.The Athenians wanted to achieve the appearance of perfection on the Parthenon.They did this by widening the columns at the center, making them appear strait when viewed from a distance; the steps leading to the Parthenon were lowered in the center giving the impression that they were strait from either side(Farah,116).Phidias was the artist that sculpted the art for the Parthenon.He himself did not sculpt everything but advised the other sculptors.
The temple was 102 by 226 feet, rising 60 feet of the ground. It included two rooms, the "naos" the larger of the two is where a 42 foot tall sculpture of Athenia was located.The smaller room "opisthodomos" was used as a treasury(Web).Pattern of 8 by 17 Doric fluted columns surround the structure.
The Parthenon is a Doric peripteral temple, which means that it consists of a rectangular floor plan with a series of low steps on all sides.Pentelic marble was used as the building material, which came from Mount Pentelicus 11 miles from Athens.The pentelic marble had shots of iron. This gave it a luminescent look when viewed on sunny a day.Lintels | 278 |
Despite increasing numbers in the academy, women faculty members continue to encounter a glass ceiling when it comes to advancing through the professoriate. Women are still less than half as likely as men to be promoted to full professor at doctoral granting institutions (Curtis 2005).
The departure point for this Society Colloquy<|fim_middle|> be taken to address them.
A short 2-page summary of the analysis will be made available in advance through the web to stimulate interest and discussion among the membership. | is a cohort analysis carried out on the 2006 membership rolls of the Rhetoric Society of America. Briefly, the results suggest that women in RSA with thirteen or more years since dissertation ("the 13+ Club") are 1.7 times less likely to be full professors than men; but that if we look at those who are 13-25 years since dissertation, the percentage of full professors who are women about equals the number of men. This pattern suggests that RSA started out with a strongly male constituency but has, through aggressive growth, attracted a growing number of women. At this point in our history, then, RSA is at a crossroads in terms of achieving gender equity in advancement.
Following a brief presentation of the cohort analysis, this Society Colloquy brings together a cross-generational group of women with the Society leadership to consider the responsibility of the RSA in addressing the gender equity in advancement. Women panelists will open with a brief history of their own advancement along with an analysis of the role that the RSA played in that advancement. Next the women will give their perspectives on the realities behind the advancement discrepancies. Finally, the session will turn to considering what the responsibility of a professional society, particularly RSA, should be in the face of such discrepancies, and the actions which might | 268 |
The history<|fim_middle|>'m sure you will notice them next time you go past your local skatepark.. | of the kick scooters is quite interesting. Since kids have great imaginations that are uninhibited by doubt, they can create just about anything to keep themselves occupied with fun. The first kick scooterss were invented by taking roller skate wheels and attaching them to a small plank of wood.
The aluminium scooterss of today are virtually quiet. They have polyurethane wheels and the only sound you might hear are the screams of fun or wind resistance from your clothing unlike the metal wheels of yesteryear.
They have a hollow tube for the steering shaft and soft handle grips to keep the riders hands from slipping off. Many of them fold up and can be placed in a backpack for safe keeping.
They don't take up as much space as a bicycle and if you have to take yours with you it doesn't invade anybody else's space either.
The latest tricks and techniques the kids of today are doing on these amazing little things is quite amazing. I | 192 |
Is your yard full of puddles, soggy and squishy? Do your kids and dog like to splash around on the grass after a rainstorm?
Chances are that you have lawn drainage issues. Better fix them fast or else you could lose your grass, damage your gardens and even risk water leakage into your home.
Here are 5 steps to proper lawn drainage.
1. Survey your lawn during and directly after a heavy rain. Watch where the water is collecting and where (if anywhere) it's draining. Often low lying spots or high traffic areas<|fim_middle|> well below foundations or anything else. They can be put at the end of French or trench drains to supplement the system.
Good water drainage will keep your yard healthy and growing well. Tell your kids and pets to splash in the sidewalk puddles – with these tips you'll have no more standing water on the grass. | are the worst. Target these spots for drainage solutions.
2. Try aeration first. Punch core aeration can be done efficiently using rented machinery. The holes that the equipment punches into your lawn will add sizable air pockets, improving surface drainage. Sometimes the compression or the original makeup of your soil makes drainage difficult. Clay soils need aeration regularly, as do pathways that are heavily traveled (at the bottom of deck stairs for instance).
3. Top dressing – If necessary, look at adding a level of top dressing onto your grass. This should be organic and well mixed soil. It will work its way down, helping to create better air and water flow through the existing base.
4. French and Trench drains – For more permanent solutions, install a French drain or trench drain (also called dry creeks or beds). A French drain is a slotted or perforated pipe buried in the ground that carries water away from an area. Often these are installed along retaining walls or basement foundations, but they can be put anywhere else on your yard to direct water away.
Trench drains or dry beds are on the surface – trenches dug and lined with rocks or stones. The water runs into a properly placed trench drain and then away down the rocks. These can often be installed to add to your landscape design and can even be considered an impromptu water feature in a storm or during the spring thaw.
5. Dry wells can also be used. Deep holes filled with gravel or larger stones, dry wells deliver water down | 304 |
Wild Salmon Chowder, Perfect Warm Fall Dish, Salty Dog Boaters, Try this Recipe, Eat Fresh,<|fim_middle|>, heavy-bottomed sauce pot until crisp. Remove with a slotted spoon and set aside.
Cook onion and celery in the bacon fat in the same pot until onion is translucent. Add potatoes and cook about 5 minutes, stirring occasionally; do not brown.
Add carrots and broth and bring to a boil, and then reduce heat and simmer until vegetables are tender, about 10 minutes.
Add milk, half-and-half, salmon, parsley, dill and pepper. Simmer over low heat 5 to 8 minutes or until fish is cooked through and liquid is steaming, but not boiling.
Transfer to serving bowls and garnish with crispy bacon pieces and chives.
Previous postPacific Northwest WA Maritime Economic Impact Millions and Billions, Commercial Fishing, Workboats, Shipyards, Boat Builders, Pleasure Craft, Superyachts and Passenger Vessels Next postInternational WorkBoat Show, New Orleans, Nov. 29 – Dec. 1, 2017, Shipyards, Boat Builders, Maintenance, Port Engineers, Equipment Manufacturers, Marine Surveyors & More…. | Buy Wild!
Boaters, Try This Wild Salmon Recipe: Brought to you by, Salty Dog Maritime Marketing and Whole Foods PNW: Salmon Chowder. Perfect for stormy PNW weather or anytime, this easy to put together meal can be made by just about anyone. Go for Wild Alaska salmon if you can, as you'll definitely taste the difference in this delicious blend. Scrumptious chowder like this is one of the most satisfying ways to get your omega-3s, and it's a great way to warm up a chilly evening. You can even make it a day ahead for company, reheating gently without boiling.
Brown bacon in a deep | 137 |
Westminster Bridge – Thames Tour<|fim_middle|>, the statue of Queen Boudica, the new Houses of Parliament, Lambeth Palace, and the new Penitentiary (which no longer exists on Millbank).
The Coade Lion from the old Red Lion Brewery on the South Bank
Queen Boudica at Westminster Bridge
The Houses of Parliament & Westminster Bridge from the Embankment
The Gateway into Lambeth Palace
The Bridges of London
Westminster Bridge no.1
Vulliamy on the Embankment
Boudica, Bradshaw, Bridge, London, Parliament, River Thames, Westminster | , Bradshaw's Handbook, no.113
by Candy Blackham | posted in: Bradshaw in London, Home | 0
After Hungerford Bridge Mr Bradshaw directs us to '..[pass] the mansions in Whitehall Gardens, among which that of the late Sir Robert Peel is prominently distinguishable, [and] to next pass under the arches of Westminster Bridge..'
Westminster Bridge & the Houses of Parliament
Sir Robert Peel (1788-1850) lived at no.4 Whitehall Gardens and you can read about the house here. He was twice Prime Minister and as Home Secretary introduced the Metropolitan Police, the 'Peelers'.
Sir Robert Peel's home in Whitehall Gardens (http://www.british-history.ac.uk/survey-london/vol13/pt2/pp198-203)
The gardens along the Embankment, including Whitehall Gardens, were created from 1864 when the Embankment was built by Sir Joseph Bazalgette. The real purpose of the works was to create a new sewer for London, hidden below the gardens and the new road. Whitehall Gardens was laid out by George Vulliamy in 1875
Whitehall Gardens today
The Old Whitehall Steps down to the Thames, the Queen Mary Steps, & the 16C retaining wall
A bridge at Westminster was first suggested in 1664 but opposed by the Corporation of London (who owned and took revenue from London Bridge) and the Watermen (who took a living from the Horseferry and from transporting people up and down the river). At this time the nearest bridge over the Thames was at Kingston. Then a wooden bridge was built at Putney in 1729 and the new bridge at Westminster was finally approved in 1736. London was expanding, particularly south of the river, and more easy, quick passage over the river was necessary. The Corporation responded and new bridges proliferated: Blackfriars (1769), Kew (1759), Battersea (1753) and Richmond (1777).
Westminster Bridge no.1 was designed by Labelye, a young Swiss engineer and money for the project was raised by selling Lottery tickets! Labelye, however, was inexperienced. Work started in 1739, but the stone bridge already needed repair in 1746 and was finally completed in 1750.
Westminster Bridge c.1750 (Wikimedia)
Westminster Bridge designed by Charles Labelye, 1759 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Westminster_Bridge_by_Joseph_Farrington,_1789.JPG)
By the mid-1800s the bridge was subsiding and Westminster Bridge no.2, designed by Thomas Page, opened in 1862. This is the foot and traffic bridge we use today, painted green like the benches in the House of Commons.
The lights on Westminster Bridge
I noticed this rather curious construction – could it be part of the original bridge of 1759? Look closely at the engraving at the top of this post, and the 'turrets'.
From this point Mr Bradshaw directs us to note the Coade Lion | 691 |
Q: Why does the NewType function not check for the correct variable type? I am<|fim_middle|>
but it does not.
Thanks in advance :D
A: UserId you created with NewType only works for type annotations. Type annotations are only for static analysis (at least up till now), so IDEs like pycharm and tools like mypy use it to implement auto complete or error checking, etc.
If you want a "real" UserId type (a type at runtime), you can subclass int by yourself.
class UserId(int):
pass
print(UserId(3))
# Byt the way, UserId('Hello world!') will raise ValueError
A: Python is a dynamically typed language. Variable types don't have to be declared before assigning a value to a variable in Python. Annotations and type hints are used by some IDEs to warn about type mismatches.
To actually check the variable type in a function you can use isinstance:
def NewType(UserId: int)
if not isinstance(UserId, int):
raise TypeError("userid must be an integer")
# your function code here
return result
You can check multiple types simultaneously grouping them as a tuple:
isinstance(variable, (int, float))
| practicing clean code and annotations in my python code. I do not get what is the functionality of defining NewType objects if their type is not being checked.
Example:
UserId = NewType('UserId', int)
some_id = UserId('Hello World!')
type(some_id)
>> str
I would expect some kind of warning or error indicating types do not match... or maybe:
UserId = NewType('UserId', int)
some_id = UserId('Hello World!')
type(some_id)
>> UserId | 100 |
Among the most basic building blocks of powerful investigative reporting<|fim_middle|> a source who works inside, or interacts extensively, with the government department in question and can provide the official title of the document being requested. For example, if you can help it, don't ask for "mining inspection reports" – ask for the Mine Safety and Health Administration's "Form 33A Site Inspection Summary" records.
· Find a champion in government.
Find a public official – an elected official or a staffer in a freedom of information office or other government unit – who will support your efforts to obtain public records. This official can help advance your requests both by making calls on your behalf within government or by speaking out in public when legitimate requests are denied. "Without a champion within the government that has credibility I think it is hard for Freedom of Information laws to work," said Freeman, the New York State freedom of information director.
· Learn to avoid the traps.
· Use the court of public opinion.
In many countries, public opinion is a quicker, more reliable and more affordable forum for disputing denied requests than the courts. Freeman advised a Peruvian magazine editor years ago to challenge a denied request in court, only to be told laughingly: "Oh, you Anglos! You trust your judges." Government stonewalling can sometimes become a story in itself, Freeman added. Persistent coverage of a government's refusal to turn over public documents can galvanize interest in the problem they are trying to hide, and ultimately it becomes easier for the government to simply turn over the documents.
There are organizations that can help with Freedom of Information requests in all corners of the world. ICIJ has launched a research desk led by investigative guru Margot Williams, and while we won't write your record requests for you, we are glad to offer advice. We've also compiled a country-by-country guide to Freedom of Information laws and the basic steps to filing a request. The Center for International Media Assistance's report offers a long list of helpful recommendations, and national and regional investigative reporting groups will often be the best sources for your country. If you're looking for the nearest investigative reporting shops, the membership of the Global Investigative Journalism Network is a good place to start.
The handy website Global Right To Information Rating allows you to look up your country's Freedom of Information law and see how it stacks up against others around the world. Each country is assigned a score based on its overall level of transparency (but beware: the ratings are based on the provisions of the law, not the practices on the ground). One of the most helpful sections of the website is its Country Data page, which includes links to the text of each country's public records law. If you click through to a country (for example: Peru), the site also cites the specific legal statutes that define key aspects of the law such as its scope, its requesting procedures, and its appeals process.
It may sound simple, but this is one of the best ways to avoid unpleasant surprises when making a Freedom of Information request. Once you've figured out the form or documents you want with as much as specificity as possible, make sure to find out which agency produces them and which office handles that agency's Freedom of Information requests. Legitimate requests sent to the wrong places will get delayed or may be ignored entirely. In addition, describe the format in which you would like your response – such as via email, in hard copy, or on disk.
We're not sure how widespread this is, but websites in some countries are starting to compile public records requests and make them searchable for the public. Many of these sites also facilitate public records requests on behalf of users. In the United Kingdom, the website WhatDoTheyKnow details which public authorities can receive requests and lists existing requests to show which ones were successful, which were denied and which are still in process. Readers can scrutinize the explanations provided by authorities for denials. In the United States, the site MuckRock allows readers to submit public records requests through web forms, and then publishes the responses online. The US-based website FOIA Machine also facilitates both the submission and tracking of public records requests, and aims to be fully functional by early 2014.
Are we missing any crucial tips for tracking down public records? Send a message to @sashachavkin or schavkin@icij.org, or leave a comment on our Facebook page, and we will update the story. | are public records –government documents that provide bulletproof evidence of anything from a change in water quality to the ownership of a company or tract of land. In the United States, Freedom of Information laws date back nearly half a century, and although there are growing obstacles, journalists generally operate under a presumption of the right to access.
In most of the world, however, Freedom of Information laws are less than two decades old. More than 90 countries worldwide currently have such laws, and the text of the statutes is often exemplary. But according to a new report by Center for International Media Assistance, implementation falls short of the laws' promises: requests are ignored, records get lost, compliance offices are woefully understaffed.
"Parliaments enact these broad, vague Freedom of Information statutes, but it's a check that no one can cash," said Richard Winfield, an author of CIMA's report and former general counsel to the Associated Press, at a Sept. 12 presentation of the group's findings at the National Endowment for Democracy in Washington, DC.
In six developing countries with recent Freedom of Information laws studied for the report, the majority of public record requests were not fulfilled. Up to 36 percent of the time, the authors found, the requests were not even acknowledged. For example, South Africa's Promotion of Access to Information Act is one of the most advanced in the world on paper, but a study found that fully two-thirds of public records requests are entirely disregarded by the government.
How can journalists and citizens fight back?
· Start simple, local and practical.
· Build a culture of compliance.
· Do enough homework to be specific.
Public records laws do not require the government to search out needles in a haystack, and overly broad or vague requests are usually ignored or denied. The best results come when a reporter finds | 373 |
The Costa Brava and the Pirineu de Girona strengthen their external presence. The SITC proved a great success in terms of visitor numbers and participation, while the new stand image obtained awards and recognition. Meanwhile, the Centenary raises its profile internationally.
Costa Brava and Pirineu de Girona Tourism and Gastronomy Fair in Toulouse from 14th to 16th May.
The Patronat de Turisme has promoted and presented exclusive products from the Girona area at the Luxury Market in Peralada.
The Patronat de Turisme has participated in Expovacaciones together with the towns of Lloret de Mar, Tossa de Mar, Castell-<|fim_middle|>Girona's gastronomy and the Centenary of the Costa Brava captured the interest of 200 people from Madrid's business, political, cultural and tourism sectors.
Within the context of the Centenary, various exhibitions have been organised that show the evolution of the Costa Brava over the last hundred years.
The Patronat creates a Centenary trophy to be awarded in sporting or cultural events to highlight the exceptional values of a participant.
The Protagonistas programme of the Onda Rambla – Punto Radio station was broadcast from Cap Roig, in Calella de Palafrugell, on 15th May with a special programme devoted to the Costa Brava. | Platja d'Aro, Pals and Roses.
The Patronat de Turisme organised a series of cultural, promotional and gastronomic events aimed at capturing Greater Madrid residents' interest in the Girona area.
The Patronat ends April satisfied with the results obtained from Girona's participation and the response of the Catalan market at the 2009 SITC.
The ski and mountain resorts of the Pirineu de Girona are getting ready for the summer season with the creation of nature-related activity programmes.
| 108 |
Welcome to the Holly Jolly Giveaway Hop hosted by MamatheFox!! There are a good amount of blogs participating in giving you a bunch of chances to win a great prize or even multiple! This is such a fun time of year and I am glad to be joining this awesome giveaway hop!
This year, we are staying close to home for the holidays with family and friends.
We will be traveling to see relatives, so yes, holiday plans for travel! Also doing some Christmas shopping in Southern New England states.
My mom and stepdad and coming for Christmas. I'm excited that they are staying through New Years!
We're looking forward to our friends' annual holiday party.
We had a big Thanksgiving dinner at our house. We will have Christmas dinner at our daughter's house.
We are having Christmas at Grandma's house. It has been the tradition my entire life!
Staying in town and spending it with family.
hanging<|fim_middle|> time with my fiance's family on the 23rd and then on Christmas Day my family from Arkansas will be coming to visit us and we will spend the day together!
We had some travel plans but had to cancel, so now we're looking forward to a quiet holiday at home.
Just lots of precious family time together, I treasure that!
We are staying home for Christmas.
I am traveling to my mom's house where I will get to see my nieces and brother at Christmas!
My plans are to relax and spend time with family.
I will be doing the same thing that we do every year. We are having Christmas at my moms.
We are visiting friends on Christmas Eve. Then we are having Christmas with my sister and her family. Looking forward to another wonderful Christmas.
Christmas will be spent with our children and grandchildren.
The only plan on cooking a big Christmas dinner and enjoying my family! I'm so glad we aren't traveling this year, i like being at home Christmas morning. | out with loved ones!
We are spending | 8 |
The passion for naming things is an odd human trait. Many a scientist claims to have explained some phenomenon when in truth all he has done is to give it a name.
— George Gaylord Simpson
Once you label me you negate me. — Soren Kierkegaard
You can know the name of a bird in all the languages of the world, but when you're finished, you'll know absolutely nothing whatever about the bird... So let's look at the bird and see what it's doing -- that's what counts. I learned very early the difference between knowing the name of something and knowing something. — Richard Fey<|fim_middle|> to build a series of dams on most western rivers. They were successful to a point but were finally stopped at the doorstep of the Grand Canyon. Many want to rollback the industrialization of the desert by removing Glen Canyon Dam.
As simplistic and unfortunate as it may be, many facets of our current politico-socio clime can be defined by the term 'culture wars.' This is true too when discussing the role of humankind vis-à-vis nature. To take us out of the nature equation is unrealistic and frankly, unnatural. But even more so, the claim that we can 'improve' on nature is laughable. We may improve our position of dominance within nature, but that is not improving nature. These are really different and opposing viewpoints. I look at the Colorado River flowing through Greater Canyonlands, or the Þjórsá winding its way through Iceland's volcanic lowlands, and I see wilderness and want to leave it be. The Floyd Dominy's and Landsvirkjun's (Iceland's national energy company) of the world see lands and waters and resources to overcome, manage, and 'improve' upon. We've had a lot of the latter the last 200 years or so, with benefits and boondoggles and disasters aplenty. Growth for the sake of growth is the ethos of the cancer cell. Now is the time to manage our own nature and leave Nature be. | nman
Rose is a rose is a rose is a rose. — Gertrude Stein
Gertrude said it most succinctly and perhaps most elegantly. A thing is what it is, not what it is called. Yet, the ancient Chinese proverb — The beginning of wisdom is to call things by their right names — intimates that words do matter. Perhaps the Chinese were conflating wisdom with knowledge, for clearly names are important in knowledge whilst wisdom tells us that a rose is indeed a rose.
Recently I began reprocessing images of a trip to Iceland I took some years back. I started labeling the images with more specificity than just "Iceland," and began wondering about Mýrdalsjökull, Hjörleifshöfði, Reynisdrangar and other tongue-twisting place-names I was finding on my maps. Is there a history behind the name? Does the name mean something? Is a rose truly just a rose? Or, in the case of Iceland, is a vík a vík.
On the southern most nub of Iceland's coast is a small village of some 300 souls. It's full name is Vík í Mýrdal, but everyone calls it simply Vík. Cast your eyes on a map of Iceland and scattered around the coast of the island you will find other víks: Keflavík, Grindavík, Ólafsvík, and of course the most famous vík of them all, Reykjavík. What's with all the víks? It is not, strictly speaking an Icelandic word but rather Old Norse for 'cove' or 'bay.'
Some 15 kilometers east of Vík is the isolated 220 meter high headland of Hjörleifshöfði. Named after the Viking Hjörleifur Hróðmarsson, who settled there in 874, the small mountain was once a much larger promontory. Successive eruptions of the mighty Katla over the eons has caused so much flooding and carrying away of rock that Hjörleifshöfði stands isolated, a mile and a half from the sea. Returning to Mr. Hróðmarsson, apparently he was not a good provider as a year after settling on the rock his slaves revolted killing him and his free men. He is said to be buried at the highest point of the hill. His farmstead was clearly visible next to the rock for over a thousand years until the 1918 eruption of Katla finally washed away the remnants.
The cause of all these volcanic disturbances lies some 20 kilometers north of Vík (as the puffin flies). Katla (derived from the Old Norse word for 'kettle,' the shape of which upside-down the volcano is) is a large, very active volcano partially covered by the Mýrdalsjökull glacier. It has erupted 20 times since 930 AD and is due for another, any time now. The flood waters created by one eruption is estimated to have been comparable to the combined output of the Amazon, Mississippi, Nile, and Yangtze rivers. Not something one would like to be caught in. In old days, traveling along the southern coast was greatly feared because of the deep rivers and frequent glacial floods. In July of 2011 there was a small eruption on Katla that created a jökulhlaup (glacial 'leap' or glacial outburst flood) that destroyed the bridge across the main highway. Watch this short video and at the :34 mark you will see Hjörleifshöfði in the distance.
[youtube http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oQlkGO5KsPY?rel=0]
Next: Mýrdalsjökull, Reynisdrangar and Dyrhólaey
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Labels: Clayhaus Photography / Jeff Clay, clayhaus.net, clayhausphotography, climate change, europe, european, glacial, glacier, global warming, hiking, Iceland, icelandic, island, jeff clay, landscape, nordic, travel, volcanic, www.clayhaus.net, www.clayhausphotography.com
The Þjórsá and Dam Battles
The mighty Þjórsá (loosely pronounced Thyor-sah) is Iceland's longest river at 230 km. Flowing turbulently down from the central highlands icecap of Hofsjökull, the Þjórsá is a classic glacial river, cutting deep ravines through lava fields, ancient and modern, and stepping through waterfalls on its way to the island's southern coast. When we were there several Julys ago, the river was turgid and yellowish-green with silt and mud. The intensity and force of the river was most apparent at Þjófafoss, the relatively short waterfall that sits picturesquely at a bend in the river, the 2200' high volcano Búrfell beyond. Þjófafoss means 'Thieves Falls' as supposedly medieval cutpurses were chucked off the ledge overlooking the swirling, foamy mass below. Not pleasant, but probably pretty quick. Búrfell, with bright green vegetation climbing up its steep lava-strewn slopes, makes a wonderful backdrop for exploring or photography. To the east the fearsome Hekla rises to almost 5000 feet. One of the most active volcanoes in Europe, Hekla was considered the literal gateway to Hell during the Middle Ages. Between 1970 and 2000 it erupted every 10 years...its overdue based on that schedule.
Further upstream 2 or 3 kilometers and spanning the river is the Tröllkonuhlaup (The Giantess Waterfall). The legend states that a female troll (giant) lived in a cave in Búrfell and wanting to cross the river without getting wet, threw boulders into the Þjórsá as stepping-stones. Whatever the myth, the low falls make a great backdrop for having lunch.
Upon planning a return trip to Iceland I was dismayed to read that the Icelandic government in concert with an energy consortium want to build three dams on this river. Now, I will be the first to admit that I am not an expert on Iceland's energy needs, but viscerally I look at this river and wonder what 'they' can be thinking. Even more so when I read that no environmentalists were involved in the initial plan drafting, only government officials and energy companies. Sound familiar? Fortunately the planned three dams have been put on hold, though perhaps that is just a waiting game.
Though our climate is very different than Iceland's, we too in the arid Southwest have had our dam battles. At one time Floyd Dominy, Bureau of Reclamation commissioner (1959-69), and others, wanted | 1,485 |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:int}
\subsection{Divergences of perturbation theory}
\label{sub:div}
Very common situation which one encounters in physics
\pagenumbering{arabic}
is a lack of exact solutions. If $Z(g)$ is some physical quantity
considered as a function of a ``coupling
constant"${}$\footnote{Throughout the paper
we shall call
expansion parameter as a coupling. It may, however, correspond
to the inverse of physical coupling in the case of strong
coupling expansion, to $1/N$ in the case of $1/N$ expansion, etc.}
$g$ then the only what we have frequently at disposal are
few first terms of perturbation theory,
$$Z(g) = a_o + a_1 g + a_2 g^2 + \ldots + a_n g^n .$$
Unfortunately, without any regularization this expansion is
badly defined in quantum field theory.
In fact, in a formal perturbation expansion,
the coefficients $a_n$ are {\em divergent} and thus {\em undefined}.
This is first kind of divergences which, in renormalizable
quantum field theories\footnote{including superrenormalizable ones},
can be cured by using a suitable
renormalization prescription which gives a
physically plausible recipe how to go
from undefined unrenormalized coefficients $a_n$ to the
renormalized ones. We shall denote the renormalized coefficients
by $a^R_n{}'s$. This means
that by renormalization one obtaines the perturbation series
in a renormalized coupling constant $g_R$,
$$Z^R (g_R) = a_o ^R + a_1 ^R g_R + a_2 ^R g^2_R
+ \ldots + a_n^R g^n_R,$$
with well defined coefficients $a_n^R{}'s$. In general, however, still one
kind of divergences remains -
it is the {\em divergence of the perturbation series as whole}.
Indeed,
if we do not consider the Yukawa model in two dimensions \cite{MS},
fermionic field theories with UV cutoff where, due to
the Pauli exclusion principle, the radius of convergence of
perturbation theory for
normalized (connected) Green's function is
nonvanishing \cite{FMRS1}, as well as lattice gauge theories in the
strong coupling region \cite{OS},
perturbation theory of many other physical models, especially
without cutoffs and
in the weak coupling region, is known to be {\em divergent}.
The latter divergence is the main subject of the thesis.
One has to know how to deal with such divergences, what is
their origin, their physical interpretation and significance
if one wishes to have logically consistent understanding of
quantum field theories.
In the case that a perturbation theory is {\em asymptotic} then
it is no problem to deal with it in the region of small
coupling (if we are only interested in perturbative phenomena).
This
is the case of asymptotically free theories at very large
momenta or weak coupled theories at low momenta, respectively.
If we are
interested in nonperturbative phenomena then we stuck with
the problem to give a meaning to divergent series.
If the series is asymtotic (see section \ref{sub:as}) then
by optimalizing the bound on the rest term (\ref{oi1}) one gets the optimal
number of terms to be kept. By keeping either more or less
terms results in that our prediction based on the perturbation
theory is {\em getting
worse}. This optimalization of the bound on the rest term
is for example essential to prove majority of our results.
Indeed, our proofs follow mostly the same scheme and are in this
sense a bit boring (sometimes were also boring for
the author himself) : using the Euler-Maclaurin sum formula
for a given sum, its asymptotic evaluation by the saddle
point technique, and optimalization of the rest term.
Nevertheless the scheme turns out to be quite efficient.
In field theory the perturbation
series cannot be truncated painless.
When truncated perturbation theory becomes to depend on
unphysical (renormalization scheme dependent) parameters. This freedom
may be again used to optimalize the perturbative prediction
and to extract a scheme
independent result \cite{1,2}.
Thus if a perturbation series is known to be asymptotic and divergent
some time one can get a reliable prediction by keeping only
finite number of its terms. However to establish the number of terms
to be kept one needs to know the large order behaviour of
perturbation theory.
Information about large orders
ceases to be only perturbative information
and, in fact, it is a {\em nonperturbative} one.
The fact that a presence of nonperturbative solutions can be seen by the
large order behaviour of the perturbation theory
could seem to be a bit surprising at a first moment
but perturbation theory, if (whenever it is possible) suitably
modified, is known to give even a
good, nonperturbative approximation \cite{48}.
As recently shown
in \cite{Za} large orders of perturbation theory also determine
{\em multiparticle cross sections at asymptotically high energies}.
In order that this
information be useful one needs a suitable
{\em summability method}. This is the aim of this thesis to provide
a selfconsistent treatment of new result of the author on
regular analytic summability method which have been published
in his several articles \cite{Mo,M,M1,M2}.
If one goes back to the history one finds that investigation of
convergence of perturbation
series in physical models was initiated by Dyson \cite{3}, who
considered the case of QED. More rigorous studies of the
problem have been then done by a number of authors. The divergence
of the pertubation series of the scalar bosonic
$\lambda\phi _d^3$ model was proved by \cite{4}.
More general polynomial bosonic field
models and their correct large order behaviour have been
studied, e.g., by \cite{5,BGZ}. Perturbation theory for the Yukawa
interaction (without cutoff's)
in $\ell$ dimensions ($2<\ell<4$) among fermions was shown
to be divergent in \cite{P}. So far the divergence of the
perturbation theory has been also proved for many quantities
in other models of quantum mechanics and quantum field
theory including the energy-levels of an arbitrary
anharmonic oscillator \cite{9,GGS}, the ground state energy of
some nonpolynomial
oscillator \cite{AM1}, one-loop effective lagrangian of
QED \cite{11}, Green's functions in QCD \cite{'tH1} and
recently also some amplitudes of the bosonic string theory \cite{GP}.
As for the explicite large order behaviour majority of results
are based on the Lipatov argument \cite{5}, which gives in general
the large order behaviour (for bosonic field theories) of the
following type,
\begin{equation}
\mid a_n \mid\leq A a^n n^\alpha (1+o(n))^n n!\ .
\label{m6}
\end{equation}
The bound was obtained by a formal
steepest descent method in the Euclidean path integral
formulation of quantum field theory for a variety of models
\cite{5,BGZ,P,BGZ1,CO}.
Unfortunately, the method is based on some additional assumptions
which have not been proved
\cite{55} (cf. \cite{56})\footnote{For quantum mechanical models
as well as for models where horn-shaped singularities are absent
works rather well.})
The result, obtained by a phase-space expansion confirms
the Lipatov analysis in $<4$ dimensions, but in $4$ dimensions
renormalization was shown to disturb the Lipatov behaviour
in such a way that the constant $a=(3/2\pi ^2)$ should be
replaced by
$-\beta_1 /2$, where $\beta_1 (N)=(N+8)/(2\pi^2)$ is the
first nonzero coefficient of the $\beta $-function. Note that the
ratio $a/\beta_1$ tends to 0 as $N\rightarrow\infty$ \cite{60,61}.
Rigorous large order behaviour of the massless
$\phi_4^4$ theory has been studied in
\cite{FMRS}, but only for an UV-cutoffed theory.
The rigorous large order behaviour has been only
established in the case of a $N$ component massive
$\lambda\phi _4^4$ model. It is worthwhile to mention that the large
order behaviour of bosonic string theory also differs from the
Lipatov behaviour. Here the $n$-th order of perturbation theory is of
magnitude $(2n)!$ in place of $n!$ in (bosonic) field
theories. For further details see \cite{Gr,MO,GM,GZ} and references
therein. It is worth remembering that
the factorial growth of perturbation theory was proved
especially for bosonic theories while inclusion of fermions
slow the divergence down (see, e.g., \cite{FMRS1,P}).
Moreover, sometimes the factorial growth is an artefact of
the approximation used and a more careful analysis may give
even a convergent result \cite{C}.
Similar divergences one also encounters in general relativity
in connection with an existence of the de Witt integral \cite{Br}.
Due to the field theoretical approach to
critical phenomena \cite{14} initiated by Wilson \cite{15}
analogous divergences inevitably appear in the study of
variety of statistical systems.
As for quantum spin systems with finite interaction
the situation with regard to convergence is a bit better, at least
in the high-temperature
region which corresponds to the strong coupling region of lattice
field theories \cite{OS,NR}.
This is due to the fact that lattice models
with finite interaction can be
transformed on a {\em polymer system} \cite{GJS}. Afterwords, by
using general results on polymer expansions \cite{GKu,KP}, one can
derive {\em convergent cluster expansions} for them \cite{OS,GJS,Sei}.
The convergence of cluster expansions allows to deduce upper and
lower bounds on expectations of various types of observables
such as Wilson loops, 't Hooft loops and others from bounds
on polymer activities. The convergence also implies exponential
decay of correlations as well as that above some temperature
(coupling) there is no phase transition.
This
expansion is not, however, a power series expansion in general. In
contrast to continuum field theory where one has general
arguments for its large order behaviour \cite{5} there is no
general
argument how single terms of the cluster expansion should behave.
In regard to convergent expansions in field theory and statistical
systems see also \cite{MP,Po,T} (and references therein).
There a convergent perturbation expansion
is obtained if, instead of the expansion in
renormalized coupling constant, the expansion in
powers of the {\em running coupling constant} is used.
For complexity we note that some quantities of topological
origin in superrenormalizable
theories, like topological mass term in planar $QED$ with the
Chern-Simons term, can have {\em finite} perturbation series expansion
with all coefficients but the first two being zero.
This is ensured by the
so-called {\em non-renormalization theorem} \cite{CH}.
\subsection{Other perturbative techniquess}
\label{sec:pt}
In
the last two decades a hard work has been done in
developing perturbation theory where perturbation
parameter is rank of the
symmetry group of an underlying model. This approach was
originally developed by 't Hooft \cite{64}. He also noted a
connection between the $1/N$ expansion
and dual models \cite{65}.
If a connection were solidly established, many of the leading
mysteries of QCD would be solved. The dual model has built
into it confinement, with quarks at the end of a string.
Also, a clear connection between QCD and the dual model
would mean that the problem of dynamical mass generation
had been solved, since the dual model certainly has a mass
scale (the Regge slope).
To elucidate the main features of the approach let us
consider the familiar Hamiltonian of the hydrogen atom:
%
$$H = \frac{p^2}{2m} - \frac{e^2}{r} \cdot $$
%
Since for
$e^2 = 0$ we can solve this problem exactly - it is
simply the problem of the motion of a free particle - one's
first hope might be to try to understand the hydrogen atom
in the small $e^2$ regime by treating the interaction term,
$-e^2 /r$, as a perturbation. This hope is frustrated because in the
hydrogen atom
$e^2$ is not really a relevant parameter. It can be
eliminated
from the problem by redefining the scale of distances.
After a rescaling $r\rightarrow tr$, $p\rightarrow p/t$, with
$t=1/me^2$, the Hamiltonian becomes
$$H = (me^4)\left[\frac{p^2}{r} - \frac{1}{r}\right],$$
and one sees that the ``coupling constant"
$e^2$ appears only
in the overall factor $me^4$ which serves merely to define
the overall scale of energies and which could be absorbed
in a
rescaling of the time coordinate. Therefore, except for
the overall scale of lengths and times, the physics of the
hydrogen atom - and atomic and molecular physics in general -
is independent of
$e^2$, and perturbation theory in $e^2$ is meaningless.
Atom and molecules can be described by the reduced
Hamiltonian with
$e^2$ scaled out. For the hydrogen atom the
reduced Hamiltonian is
$$H = \frac{p^2}{2} - \frac{1}{r} \cdot $$
The reduced Hamiltonian contains no evident free parameter.
However, without a free parameter there is no perturbation
expansion. Without a perturbation expansion what we can do?
Suppose, since this is the case of QCD and of many other
analogous problems that we were unable to diagonalize the
Hamiltonian exactly, and then even a computer solution were
impractical. To make progress, we must make an expansion of
some kind. Since there is no obvious expansion parameter we
must find a hidden one. To find a hidden expansion
parameter, we may treat as a free, variable parameter a
quantity that one usually regards as given and fixed.
For instance, we may take a cue from spectacular
developments in the last years in
critical phenomena. After decades in which the study of
critical phenomena was
frustrated by the absence of an expansion parameter,
Wilson and
Fisher suggested that to introduce an expansion parameter,
one should regard the number of spatial dimensions not as a
fixed number, three, but as a variable parameter
\cite{66}. They
showed that critical phenomena are simple in four
dimensions and that in
$4-\varepsilon$ dimensions critical phenomena can be
understood by perturbation theory in
$\varepsilon$. Similar ideas were used by Bender at al. to
study of $\lambda\phi _4^4$ theory and some
aspects of stochastic quantization \cite{67}.
How, by analogy, can we create an expansion parameter
in our problem?
Instead of studying atomic physics in three
dimensions, where it possesses an
$O(3)$ rotation symmetry we may
consider atomic physics in $N$ dimensions, so that the
symmetry is $O(N)$. One can show that atomic physics
simplifies as $N\rightarrow\infty$ and can be
solved for large
$N$ by expansion in powers of $1/N$ \cite{68}.
Although this expansion in atomic physics is not very
useful at $N=3$ ($N$ must apparentely be at least six or
seven for the
$1/N$ expansion to give good result), illustrates the
main features of the approach. In QCD, as in atomic
physics, the coupling constant can be scaled out of the
problem and the basic difficulty is
the same as in atomic
physics - {\em the seeming absence of an expansion parameter}.
For further details see \cite{69}.
So far the $1/N$ expansion has been successfully used to
solve the Gross-Neveu model \cite{70}, in the study of
two-dimensional Yang-Mills theory \cite{71}, $U(\infty)$ lattice
gauge theory \cite{Ka}, the generalized
two-dimensional $U(N)$ Thirring model \cite{72},
and the $O(N)$-symmetric sigma model \cite{73}. In last years
results of $1/N$ expansion have been also succesfully applied to
two dimensional quantum gravity (see \cite{GZ} and references therein),
as well as to quantum antiferromagnets in connection with
high-temperature superconductivity \cite{Re}.
As for the study of planar field
theories ($N\rightarrow\infty$ limit) see \cite{24,74}.
The $1/N$ expansion can be improved by a suitable summability method
just as conventional perturbation theory \cite{FMR}.
Unfortunately, for Yang-Mills theory, the
$N=\infty$ limit does not
seem to be exactly soluble, even though it is significantly
simpler.
Nonperturbative approches to Yang-Mills theory are
sorely needed in particle
physics. There is not much hope
that the Yang-Mills theory itself is exactly soluble, so
one has to look for another theory which is ``close enough"
to it. Then Yang-Mills theory can be studied by an
expansion around this soluble theory. As a general rule the
more symmetry a theory has the more easily it can be solved.
Can we enlarge the symmetry group futher and thus find
a soluble theory? The answer is ``yes".
Consider Yang-Mills theory with structure group $G$ on a
spacetime
$X\times R$. In the gauge $A_o =0$ the structure group is
the set $XG$ of all smooth maps from $X$ to $G$. Let us
consider $G=U(N)$. When we take the
$N\rightarrow\infty$ limit in the usual
way, we consider an infinite sequence of Yang-Mills theories
with structure groups
$$U(1)\subset U(2)\subset\ldots
U(N)\subset U(N+1)\subset\ldots U(\infty ).$$
The gauge group of Yang-Mills theory in the
$N=\infty$ limit is then $XU(\infty )$, which contains
$XU(N)$ for any $N$. But there
exists a group (the universal gauge group)
$U_2$ which contains
$XU(N)$ not only for all $N$, but also for all $X$ \cite{75}.
There is too early to say whether this approach will be
successful, but it by no means provides a useful step to
find an exactly soluble theory for perturbation theory
calculations.
\subsection{Asymptotic expansions and strong asymptotic conditions}
\label{sub:as}
As it was discussed above perturbation series
in quantum theory are mostly divergent and can have at best
the meaning of asymptotic series.
{\em Asymptoticity} means in general that the perturbation theory cannot
determine the solution uniquely.
More precisely
given an arbitrary sequence $\{a_n\}_{n=o}^{\infty}$ of
complex numbers and an arbitrary sector-like domain $D$,
there exists for some $\varepsilon >0$ function
$f(z)$, which is regular in
\( D_{\varepsilon}:= D\cap\{z\mid \mid z\mid <\varepsilon\}\)
and
\[\lim _{z\rightarrow 0, z\in D_\varepsilon} (f(z)-a_o-\ldots
-a_n z^n)/ z^{n+1} = a_{n+1}\]
exists, or equivalently
\begin{equation}
f(z) \sim \sum _{n=o} ^{\infty } a_n z^n\hspace{1cm}
(z\rightarrow 0, z\in D_{\varepsilon }),
\label{h1}
\end{equation}
%
i.e., $\sum _{n=o}^{\infty } a_n z^n $ is an asymptotic series
of $f(z)$ in the region
$D_{\varepsilon }$ \cite{R,H}. In general there are
infinitely
many functions with the above properties.
Asymptotic series may be {\em divergent as well as convergent}
(note that a convergent asymptotic expansion does not prevent
a function from being singular at the origin).
To deal with such series one has to look for a maximal region $D$ of the
complex coupling constant
plane in which the asymptotic expansion is uniform. In order that such
series determine its sum $f(z)$ uniquely this series has to satisfy
some additional conditions, so called {\em strong asymptotic
conditions} (SAC). SAC are then
relations which put into the balance
the shape of the region $D$, or analyticity in the
complex coupling constant plane, with some bound on the rest term
$R_N (z)$,
\begin{equation}
f(z) = \sum _{n=o}^{N-1} a_n z^n + R_N (z),
\label{oi1}
\end{equation}
in such a way that only one function $f(z)$ can satisfy them.
SAC are conditions which by definition {\em prevent} appearence of
nonperturbative terms like $\exp(-A/g)$ in perturbation theory
(or a typical ``tunnelling" like amplitudes),
i.e., terms whose perturbation expansion is identically zero.
Indeed, to be unseen
in the standard perturbation theory the (non-zero)
contribution of such a
term should have an asymptotic series which is identically zero.
Such are for instance all nontrivial minima $A$ of
action $S$ for which
$S(A)<\infty$, like {\em instantons} in non-abelian theories
\cite{BPST} or {\em kinks} in the double-well anharmonic
potential \cite{Pl,BF}, etc.
Violation of SAC then indicates a
presence of nonperturbative effects in a theory
and {\em instability} of its ground state. It was emphasized that
the violation of SAC is a more serious problem of a theory
than the divergence itself, therefore the {\em violation} of SAC
leads to {\em ambiquity} of perturbation theory predictions \cite{M2,S}.
Of course, this ambiguity depends on the behaviour of the rest term
$R_N(z)$ in (\ref{oi1}) for $N\rightarrow \infty$. As it has been exposed
above, optimalization of the bound may determine an optimal number
$N_o$ of terms to be kept and the value of $R_{N_o}(z)$ then determines
a maximal error by which the exact solution differs from the perturbative
one even in the case that the series violates SAC and does not
determine a unique solution.
Sometimes ambiguity of the perturbation
theory predictions, e.g., in bosonic string model are
highly desirable, because ``if perturbative
string theory were make sense,
string theory would have nothing to do with physical
reality" \cite{GP}. This is because there are many features
of perturbative treatment of string theory which are not shared by
the real world.
When SAC are fulfilled then the coefficients $a_n$ of perturbation
theory
determine $f(z)$ uniquely. To obtain this function an
appropriate analytic regular summability method can be used
\cite{H}. We say that a summability method ${\cal\sigma}$ is
{\em regular} if and only if
\begin{equation}
{\cal \sigma} (\sum _{n=o}^\infty a_n z^n )
=\sum _{n=o}^\infty a_n z^n ,
\label{h3}
\end{equation}
whenever the r.h.s. of (\ref{h3})
converges. Analogously, we say that a summability
method ${\cal \sigma}$ is {\em analytic} if for every power series
$\sum a_n z^n$ with nonzero radius of convergence
\begin{equation}
{\cal \sigma} (\sum _{n=o}^\infty a_n z^n ) = f(z) ,
\label{h4}
\end{equation}
whenever the l.h.s. of (\ref{h4})
exists ($f(z)$ now being an analytic continuation of
$\sum a_n z^n$).
The moment constant summability methods as defined by
\cite{H} are automatically regular, although not analytic
in general.
We confine
ourselves to the class of analytic moment constant summability method
(AMCSM) \cite{H}, one member of which is
the well-known Borel summability method,
frequently used in physics (see \cite{M} for a recent review).
To illustrate the main features of the AMCSM let us consider a very
simple example of the series $\sum_{n=o}^\infty z^n$.
Using the identity
$$
\frac{1}{n!}\int_o^\infty e^{-t} t^n\ dt = 1,
$$
it is always true that
$$
\sum_{n=o}^\infty z^n = \sum_{n=o}^\infty \frac{z^n}{n!}
\int_o^\infty e^{-t} t^n \ dt,
$$
within the radius of convergence of $\sum_{n=o}^\infty z^n$, i.e.,
within the disc $\| z\|<1$.
However within the disc of convergence one can always interchange
summation and integration. Thus,
\begin{equation}
\sum_{n=o}^\infty z^n = \int_o^\infty e^{-t}(\sum_{n=o}^\infty
\frac{(zt)^n}{n!})\ dt.
\label{pic}
\end{equation}
Here, the r.h.s. of (\ref{pic}) is nothing but the Borel sum of
$\sum_{n=o}^\infty z^n$. In this case it can be calculated explicitely,
\begin{equation}
\int_o^\infty e^{-t} \frac{(zt)^n}{n!} \ dt =\int_o^\infty e^{-t}
e^{zt}\ dt = \int_o^\infty e^{-t(1-z)}\ dt =\frac{1}{1-z},
\end{equation}
whenever $Re\, z<1$. Thus, we have obtained the expression which
converges for $Re\, z<1$, i.e., outside the disc of convergence of
$\sum_{n=o}^\infty z^n$
and gives there an analytic continuation of $\sum_{n=o}^\infty z^n$
(see Fig. \ref{fg3}).
\subsection{The Borel summability method}
\label{sub:bor}
\subsubsection{The Nevanlinna theorem}
\label{sub2:nev}
A main mathematical tool for investigation whether a series is Borel
summable or not provides the Nevanlinna theorem
\cite{N,So}:\vspace*{0.3cm}\newline
\begin{th} : Let $f(z)$ be analytic in the circle
\(C_R := \{ z\mid Re 1/z > 1/R \}\), continuous up to the
boundary, and satisfy there the estimates
%
\[f(z) = \sum_{k=o}^{N-1} a_k z^k + R_N (z) ,\]
%
with
%
\begin{equation}
|R_N (z)| \leq A\sigma^N N!\mid z\mid^N ,
\label{h7}
\end{equation}
%
uniformly in $N$ and in $z\in\bar{C_R}$. Then $B(t)$,
\[ B(t) = \sum _{n=o}^\infty a_n \frac{t^n}{n!},\]
converges for $\mid t\mid<1/\sigma$ and has an analytic
continuation to the striplike region
\(S_{\sigma}:=\{t\mid
dist(t,R_+ ) < 1/\sigma\},\)
satisfying the bound
\begin{equation}
\mid B(t)\mid\leq K e^{\mid t\mid /R}
\label{h8}
\end{equation}
uniformly in every \(S_{\sigma '}\) with
$\sigma '>\sigma$. Furthermore, f can be represented by
the absolutely convergent integral
\begin{equation}
f(z) = (1/z)\int _o^\infty e^{-t/z} B(t) dt
\label{h9}
\end{equation}
for any $z\in C_R$.
Conversely, if $B(t)$ is a function analytic in
$S_{\sigma ''}$ $(\sigma''<\sigma)$ and satisfying there
the bound (\ref{h8}), the function $f(z)$
defined by (\ref{h9}) is analytic in $C_R$ and satisfies
(\ref{h7}) [with
$a_n = B^{(n)}(t)\mid _{t=o}$] uniformly in every $C_{R'}$
with $R'<R$.
\label{hth1}
\end{th}
\subsubsection{Application to physical models}
\label{sub2:app}
The reason why the Borel transform has been so successfully
used in physics is due to the fact that the path integral
can be rewritten in the Borel form \cite{'tH1,18}. Indeed,
consider
a euclidean functional integral which has been rescaled
as in a loop expansion
%
$$G(g^2) = \int [dA] \exp [-S(A)/g^2] .$$
%
Functional integrals are the $N\rightarrow\infty$ limit
of integrals like
%
$$ g^{-N}{\cal N}\int \prod _{i=o}^{N} \int
dx_i \exp [-S(x_i)/g^2] ,$$
%
where ${\cal N}$ is the usual normalizing factor. Using
the Cauchy integral formula this can be rewritten as
%
$${\cal N}\int \prod _{i=o}^{N} dx_i \oint _C \frac{dz}{2\pi i}
\exp (-z/g^2 )\frac{\Gamma (N/2+1)}{[S(x_i)-z]^{N/2+1}} ,$$
%
where $C$ is a contour encircling the range of $S$, which
is normalized to run from 0 to $\infty$. An interchange of
integrations
is allowable for finite $N$ and reasonable actions
yielding
\begin{eqnarray}
G(g^2) & = & \oint _C \frac{dz}{2\pi i}\exp(-z/g^2) B_N (z),
\nonumber \\
B_N (z) & = & {\cal N}\int\Pi _{i=o}^{N} dx_i \frac{\Gamma
(N/2+1)}{[S(x_i)-z]^{N/2+1}}\,\cdot
\label{m1}
\end{eqnarray}
A final step is to take functional integration limit,
$B(z) = \lim_{N\rightarrow\infty} B_N (z)$. Note that since
denominator is raised to power
$N/2+1$, naive power counting guarantees convergence
even when S is only quadratic (as in free theory).
On the other hand the coefficients $a_n$ of the perturbation
series in quantum models do not grow faster than
$A\sigma ^n\Gamma (\alpha n +\beta )$, where $\Gamma$ is
the usual gamma function and
the constants $A$, $\sigma$, $\alpha$ and $\beta$ do not
depend on $n$, what is
just the case which can be dealt with the Borel method.
The Borel summability of the perturbation series of
the physical quantities has been studied by many authors.
In quantum theory it was firstly used by \cite{19} to show
that
one-loop effective lagrangian of QED exactly calculated by
Schwinger in the proper-time formalism
\cite{20} is for the vanishing
electric field nothing but the Borel sum of the
perturbation series (see also
\cite{21}). The Borel summability
of the perturbation series has been also proved in the case
of the energy-levels of an anharmonic oscillator in any
finite
dimension \cite{9,GGS,34}, the resonances of the Stark effect on a
Hydrogen-like atom \cite{21,22}, in the case of the Zeemann
effect
\cite{23}, for some nonpolynomial oscillators \cite{AM1}
and for
the planar asymptotically free massive field theory for
sufficiently small coupling
\cite{24}. The method was also used
for a rigorous perturbative construction of the massive
euclidean
Gross-Neveu model \cite{FMRS1}. In combination with conformal
mapping or with the Pad\'{e} approximation the Borel
summability
has been successfully used to compute the critical
coefficients of the statistical models
\cite{26}, the zeros of
the beta function \cite{27}, the ground state energy of the
anharmonic
oscillator at infinite coupling limit \cite{28}, to
compute the beta function of the massive
$\lambda\phi _4^4$ model \cite{Ko} or
to sum dominant coupling constant logarithms in
$QED_3$ \cite{30}, etc.
\subsubsection{Structure of the Borel transform}
\label{sub2:str}
In physically realistic models the structure of the
Borel transform is very involved. The obstacles for the
Borel summing of a perturbation series appear as
singularities
of the Borel transform on the real positive axis.
These properties of the Borel transform can be deduced as
follows.
The integral for $B_N (z)$ is very much like a Feynman
parameter integral. Thus the Landau conditions may be
applied
to ask when $B_N (z)$ is singular \cite{SG}. The Landau
conditions
have a direct interpretation in terms of solutions to
the euclidean equations of motion: $B_N (z)$ may be
singular for $z$ such that there exist $x_i^s$ for which
\begin{eqnarray}
z &=& S(x_i^s) ,\nonumber\\
0 &=& \partial S/\partial x_i \mid _{x_i=x_s} .
\label{m2}
\end{eqnarray}
This means $B_N (z)$ may be singular for $z$ equal to the
action of a solution to the classical euclidean equations
of motion (discretized). This is true for complex as well
as real-valued solutions. Such solutions are generally
called
{\em pseudoparticles} or {\em instantons}. It is widely supposed
that in the large-$N$ limit the solutions to the discretized
equations approach a limit which is identified with the
solution to the continuum equations of motion.
In general, attached to each singularity will be a
{\em branch cut}. Because $B(z)$ is integrated along a contour
$C$ encircling the positive real axis, it is convenient for real,
positive singular points to have their branch cuts
running along the positive real axis.
The only singularities on the first sheet are on the
positive real axis. These can arise from real solutions
with real positive action. When no instantons are present
the only singularity on the non-negative real $z$ axis is at
$z=0$, the singularity arising from the vacuum solution.
There is a cut extending from this singularity to positive
infinity. When instantons occur, there will be another
contributions to the Borel sum othe than those visible in
perturbations about
vacuum. The instanton singularities will
have branch cuts attached to them. The total discontinuity
of $B(z)$ will be a sum of discontinuities across branch cuts.
In renormalizable (not superrenormalizable) theory
there are rather persuasing arguments that
apart from instantons another singularities can appear
which go under generic name of {\em renormalon} singularities
\cite{'tH1,35,Da}. A toy, finite dimensional model where
renormalon
singularities appear has been investigated in
\cite{36} in the
context of Wilson's renormalization group acting in the
space of hamiltonians of the cutoff system. The renormalon
singularieties have been shown to be related to the
presence of a marginal direction at the fixed point of the
renormalization
group besides the relevant or irrelevant ones,
or to the {\em resonance} in the dynamical system language.
Despite great effort presence of renormalons in renormalizable
quantum field theories is not rigorously established yet \cite{60,61}.
This important unsolved problem is in a close connections
to the so-called {\em triviality problem} - all known four-dimensional
renormalizable quantum field theories are expected to be trivial
\cite{63,LW}.
The suggested structure of the Borel transform of QED
and QCD is shown in Fig. \ref{fg1a} and \ref{fg1b}.
\begin{figure}
\vspace{6cm}
\caption{{\em Supposed structure of the Borel transform of
QED. Here the units are $3\pi$ if $\alpha$ is the original expansion
parameter.}}
\label{fg1a}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}
\vspace{6cm}
\caption{{\em Borel $z$ plane for QCD. The circles denote IR
divergences that might vanish or become unimportant in colour-free
channels.}}
\label{fg1b}
\end{figure}
Note that the position of
renormalon depends on the sign of the first nonvanishing
coefficient of the corresponding $\beta$-function. While
in an asymptotic free theory UV-renormalons are harmless (lie on
the negative real axis) in nonasymptotic free theory like
QED renormalons prevent the Borel summability (lie on the
positive real axis). As for QED see also \cite{37}.
(We would like to stress out that the calculations which
led to the renormalon \cite{'tH1,35} was only performed for
specific subclass of all graphs, which contribute to the given
order of a theory, and may only serve as indication but not
at all as a proof).
\subsubsection{Shortcomings of the Borel summability method}
\label{sub2:short}
Unfortunately, the use of the Borel summability method is
sometimes very limited. Nonsummability means that
perturbation theory violates strong asymptotic
conditions (SAC), or, what is equivalent that perturbation theory
predictions {\em can not be unambigious}.
This happens due to presence of nonperturbative
effects which cause perturbation theory around the trivial minimum
to be unreliable.
Nonperturbative effects do appear and
destabilize a trial (classical) ground state in models having
classically degenerate
ground state \cite{BGZ2} which is the case, e.g., of the double well
potential \cite{Pl,BF,Z}, gauge
field theories \cite{BPST,Pl,BF}, as well as of the heterotic
string and superstring
\cite{DS}. However, SAC can be also violated
in the case of perturbation theory around a stable
nonperturbative ground state
(after the nonperturbative effects
have removed the degeneracy of the ground state \cite{Pl}),
as has been shown in the case of the double-well potential
\cite{Z}\footnote{I thank J. Magnen for acquinting me with this
reference.}.
The physical meaning of the non Borel
summability is illustrated on some simple models in \cite{BGZ1,CO}.
The next shortcomings of the Borel summability method is connected
with its analytic properties. Indeed whenever the
Borel sum exists then it defines a function {\em regular} in some
{\em sector-like neighbourhood of the origin} (the convergence of
the Borel integral {\em need not} be absolute!) \cite{W}.
On the other hand a
maximal region of analyticity of realistic field theories in the
coupling
constant plane may be very small. For instance, there are strong
arguments that two-point Green's functions of four dimensional
renormalizable
massless field theories are only analytic in a {\em horn-shaped region}:
a wedge
bisected by the real axis and bounded above and below by circles
which are tangent to the real axis at the origin \cite{'tH1,K1,Wi}
(see Fig. \ref{fg2}).
\begin{figure}
\vspace{8cm}
\caption{{\em Expected form of the maximal region of analyticity
in the coupling constant complex plane of four dimensional
renormalizable field theories.}}
\label{fg2}
\end{figure}
Hence the maximal region of analyticity has a {\em cusp},
i.e., {\em zero opening angle at the origin}. The appearence of a
horn-shaped region of
analyticity is in fact a {\em nonperturbative result} which
we have about a theory. It is not seen in a perturbation theory
and arises if the {\em analytic structure} of the (response)
Green functions for complex momenta $p^2$
is combined with {\em asymptotic freedom}. This is the essence of
't Hooft's argument \cite{'tH1,Wi}
which relates the standard momentum space branch points for timelike $p^2>0$
to singularities in the complex plane of a suitably chosen coupling constant
by solving the Callan-Symanzik equation (for generalizations to more general
couplings see \cite{K0}). In fact, the use of the Callan-Symanzik
equation is not crucial in 't Hooft's argument and it goes through even if
a theoretical evidence of the asymptotic freedom is
replaced by an {\em experimental evidence} (if
available) of the asymptotic
freedom, i.e., that a measurable coupling $g^2(\mu )$ behaves like
\begin{equation}
\frac{\mu d}{d\mu} g^2(\mu) = -\beta_1 g^4 (\mu) +{\cal O}(g^6 (\mu)),
\label{cc}
\end{equation}
on a sufficiently high mass scale $\mu$. Note that in this case we
always can write an analogue of the equation (\ref{cc}). Provided that
such information is available one gets
rid of the problem of definition of a suitable coupling and the horn-shaped
region appears as UV effect once one assumes that at high momenta,
measurable quantities are only functions of the ratio $p^2/\mu_o ^2$,
$\mu_o$ being an integration constant of (\ref{cc}). Analytic
structure of response functions is by itself a
{\em nonperturbative information} about a theory which arises when very
general theoretical principles of unitarity and causality are combined
with experimental data. Hence, the appearance of horn-shaped regions is in
fact a very general phenomenon resulting
whenever the following points are satisfied or available: \vspace{0.2cm}\\
\noindent 1) {\em unitarity}\\
\noindent 2) {\em causality}\\
\noindent 3) {\em asymptotic freedom} (either theoretical or
experimental evidence)\\
\noindent 4) {\em experimental data} (which determine the position of
thresholds and branch points in the momentum plane).\vspace{0.2cm}\\
Some other arguments for producing
singularities in the $g$-plane are not at all related to
branch points in the momentum plane, and are due to the
{\em separatrix}
of the differential equation for the running coupling constant, i.e.,
to the line in the $g$-plane which separates the asymptotically
free region of
initial values $g$ from the non-asymptotically one \cite{KR,GK}. If the
Callan-Symanzik procedure for
calculating the asymptotic behaviour of one-particle-irreducible Green's
functions in the deep Euclidean region \cite{Sy} is correct then such
horn-shaped
regions of analyticity is a typical UV effect of all four dimensional
renormalizable field theories.
What is interesting is that a horn-shaped region is also the maximal
region
of analyticity in the complex coupling constant plane of energy levels
of a simple quantum mechanical model - the anharmonic oscillator
in the massless limit \cite{Wi}.
If one imposes UV
cutoff then two- and four-point Green's functions of a four dimensional
massless field theory can be analytic in a
disc as was exemplified in a rigorous construction of the critical
$\phi ^4 _4$ theory \cite{FMRS}. However, if one removes this UV
cutoff
the disc should shrink to zero. Recently it was shown that
some other quantities, like $\beta$-function
(defined perturbatively using the BPHZ
renormalization with subtractions at vanishing external momentum)
of the massive $\phi ^4_4$ model without UV cutoff may be Borel summable
and hence analytic in a disc \cite{Ko}. For the sake of completness we
recall that in the case of $\phi ^4_d $ with $d<4$ there is no horn of
singularities \cite{Wi}.
As for the nongauge field theories some arguments in
favour of ambiguity of renormalized
$\phi _4^4$ field theory has been given due to $1/N$ expansion \cite{59}.
The Lipatov bound (\ref{m6})
is compatible with SAC only for a regions of the
asymptotic type $(0,\eta )$ (a is the same for all quantities
in a theory \cite{5,BGZ,P,BGZ1,CO}).
As we have mentioned above a general rigorous
justification of the Lipatov method has not been established so far.
However further investigations
would not change the fact that perturbation theory
of four dimensional renormalizable field theories violates
SAC. If the large
order behaviour of the model in the limit of vanishing
UV-cutoff will be proved to violate (\ref{h10}) then this will
allow for nonperturbative solutions to the theory and
can sheds new light on
the triviality problem of the above theories \cite{63,LW}.
To get reliable perturbation theory one must find a
nonperturbative ground state and
expand around it \cite{57}. In the case of the double
well potential also some other techniquess were advocated
\cite{58}.
However, we cannot exclude the situation that
the coefficients $a_n$ of perturbation theory will obey
the bound (\ref{h10}) in this model.
Provided it is so than no nonperturbative
solutions can occur and the Borel transform should be an
entire function, what contradicts expected singular
structure
of the Borel transform. However, it may well happen that
there is no reason to look at the Borel transform of the
four dimensional renormalizable massless field theory,
because in this theory convergence of the Borel transform
contradicts the observed horn-shaped region of analyticity
\cite{M,W}, in distinction from the lower dimensional
case \cite{KR}.Nucl.\ Phys.\
\section{Goals and methods of the thesis}
\label{sec:goal}
\subsection{Goals}
\label{sub:goal}
The main goal of the thesis is to overcome some shortcomings of
the Borel summability method. Let us summarize the shortcomings
which have been solved by the author.
\vspace{0.4cm}\\
{\bf A}) {\em the Borel method cannot cope with the horn-shaped
singularity, exhibited in the massless QCD}
\cite{'tH1}, {\em in the
``massless" limit of the anharmonic oscillator} \cite{Wi}, {\em and
in
some other models. (For recent status of the problem see}
\cite{KR} {\em and references therein.)}\vspace{0.4cm}\\
Another shortcoming of the Borel method is the following.
\vspace{0.4cm}\\
{\bf B}) {\em In the regular case, i.e., when the series on the r.h.s.
of (\ref{h1}) has a nonzero radius of convergence, it can in
general
be analytically continued onto a region of the complex
plane which is larger than the region of $z$ for which the
Borel sum exists. If the analytic continuation $f(z)$ is
not an entire function, the Borel sum may not exist
for all $z$ from the Mittag-Leffler (principal) star of
f(z)}
\cite{H} {\em (further $MLS(f)$), because always some
sector-like domain has to be discarded from the complex plane}
\cite{M,SG}.\vspace{0.4cm}\\
To illustrate point ({\bf B}) note that the standard Borel
method sums the series $\sum _{n=o}^\infty z^n$ only in the
complex halfplane
$Re\, z<1$ but the analytic continuation $1/(1-z)$ of the
series exists in the whole complex plane except the point
$z=1$.
\begin{figure}
\vspace{8cm}
\caption{{\em Region of the Borel summability of $1/(1-z)$.}}
\label{fg3}
\end{figure}
We should like to demonstrate in simple examples that
the Borel summability method {\em does not have any priviliged role and
that it is just an ordinary method among a continuous
variety
of other analytic moment constant summability methods (AMCSM)}. It
should be used when a divergent series has to
be summed up to a function regular in a disc $K(0,R)$. Provided the sum
of a
given divergent series is known to be analytic in some other
region then the corresponding AMCSM
{\em compatible} with this analyticity requirement has to be used.
To generalize known SAC to
horn-shaped regions which may be of some physical importance is another
goal of this thesis.
The well-known example of SAC provides the Nevanlinna theorem
\cite{S,N}. These conditions are, however,
applicable only when sum of a given perturbation series is to be
analytic
in a disc $K(0,R):=\{z\mid Re(1/z)>1/R\}$ tangent to the imaginary
axis at the origin (modulo mapping
$z\rightarrow z^{1/\alpha }$). On the other hand, we have seen that
many theories are known to be analytic in a horn-shaped region
only.
Without the validity of SAC one
{\em cannot} prove that a statement which is valid order by order in
the perturbation
theory is a property of the full theory. One such example is, e.g., the
Callan-Symanzik procedure where certain mass insertion terms are ignored
and assumed small even though one has been able to prove this fact order
by
order. It was found \cite{K1} that the Borel summability or SAC given in
\cite{H,S,N} cannot help in justifying the Callan-Symanzik procedure
just because of the horn-shaped singularities. In \cite{K1}
it was stated that
the horn-shaped singularity puts the Callan-Symanzik assumption about
the mass insertion term in doubt. Our point of view is that
there is {\em no controversy}
between the horn-shaped singularity and the Callan-Symanzik procedure
since one has to use SAC appropriate to a given analyticity region.
We shall also give a further improvement of the SAC as discussed in
\cite{S,N,So}, and show that
a product of functions obeying these SAC also obeys the
same SAC.
The knowledge about the relation of SAC and summability of
perturbation theory is important in order to
understand, e.g.,
the recent result on divergency of the bosonic string perturbation
theory \cite{GP} and frequently
quoted in connection with two dimensional quantum gravity
since there no care
is taken about analyticity to which the perturbation theory should be
summed up, and physical consequences are simply drawn from
Borel nonsummability.
Similar ``negligence" of analytic properties also occurs, e.g., in
\cite{BGZ,BGZ1} or \cite{MO}. Fortunately, the
series treated in \cite{BGZ,GP,BGZ1} can be dealt
by Lemmas \ref{slm2} and \ref{slm3} (see below).
As for \cite{MO} the results of this paper can be valid
provided a fixed-angle elastic scattering amplitude of bosonic string
${\cal A}(s,\phi ;g)$ (see also \cite{GM}) is
analytic in a region $D$ of the sheeted complex plane
with an opening angle $\Theta\geq 9\pi$ since the resummed amplitude
${\cal A}_{\em resum}$ is such \cite{GGS,N}.
SAC discussed below may provide a tool
to decide whether such ambiguity (degeneracy of the ground
state of an underlying theory) is actually present.
However, some futher work has to be accomplished in order to gain the
maximal domain of the analyticity, establish a rigorous
large order behaviour or to give a suitable lower bound on
the coefficients of the perturbation theory.
\subsection{Methods}
\label{sub:meth}
To solve the above shortcomings ({\bf A}) and ({\bf B}) of the
Borel method we use theory of complex variables \cite{SG}, asymptotic
series \cite{F,J}, and divergent series \cite{R,H}.
We shall start with the so-called regular case, i.e.,
when the series on the r.h.s. of (\ref{h1}) has nonzero radius of
convergence. Then, by virtue of Theorem \ref{rth1}, our method will
sum $\sum _{n=o}^\infty z^n$ to $1/(1-z)$ in the whole
complex plane except the
ray $[1,\infty )$ (=$MLS[1/(1-z)]$) in contrast to the
Borel method (see Fig. \ref{fg3}).
In the next we shall consider moment constant summability
method with the momemt sequence $\{\mu (n)\}_{n=o}^\infty$,
\begin{equation}
\mu (n) := \int _o^\infty \exp (-\exp t)\ t^n\ dt,
\label{m3}
\end{equation}
i.e., with the moments in the {\em Stieltjes form}. Firstly
we shall prove that
the moment constant method solves the above difficulties ({\bf A})
and ({\bf B}) of the Borel method, and, in the next, we shall give
a whole family of such methods.
Indeed, one of our main results is that if $f(z)$ is
the principal branch of an analytic function regular at the
origin, where $f(z) =\sum a_n z^n$, then the integral
$I(z_o)$,
\[I(z_o) = \int _o^\infty \exp (-\exp t) \sum _{n=o}^\infty
a_n \frac{(z_o t)^n}{\mu (n)}\, dt ,\]
converges if and only if $z_o\in MLS(f)$. If $z_o\in MLS(f)$ then
%
\[f(z_o) = I(z_o).\]
%
Thus, the method is {\em analytic} and {\em regular}. The convergence
is absolute and uniform in any bounded subset of $MLS(f)$
with nonzero distance from the boundary of $MLS(f)$, and one
can also differentiate inside the sign of integration.
As for the property ({\bf B}) the method is analogous to the
Lindel\"{o}f one \cite{Mo}. In contrast to the Borel method
the method {\em does not only see beyond singularities} and may be
used for
localization of critical points of some physical
models. We shall also show that the issues of the Borel
summability method consist in that it is based on the
asymptotic properties of the Mittag-Leffler function
approaching zero in the {\em complement of some sector with
nonzero opening angle} only \cite{H,E}, while the new method
(\ref{m3}) is based on an entire function which approaches zero
{\em in all radial directions except for one}.
In an application to the Rayleigh-Schr\"{o}dinger perturbation
theory, theory of linear operators in Banach and Hilbert spaces is used
\cite{K}.
\newpage
\section{New results}
\label{sec:new}
\subsection{Regular case}
\label{sub:reg}
{}From some general considerations we expect that if a
moment constant summability method exists
solving problems ({\bf A}) and
({\bf B}), then the moment sequence has to grow like
$(\ln n)^n$ (see
Remark 5). However, the problem of finding a nondecreasing
function $\chi (t)$,
$$\mu (n) = \int _o^\infty t^n d\chi (t) , $$
for a given moment sequence
$\{\mu (n)\}_{n=o}^\infty$ (the Stieltjes problem
\cite{W,BG}) is very complicated. Throughout the paper
we shall only consider absolute continuous functions
$\chi (t)$.
Instead of a moment sequence, we shall prefer to choose a
suitable weight function. Such a weight function could be
$\exp (-\exp t)$. The reasons are that the moment
constant summability method with the moment sequence
$\{\mu (n)\} _{n=o}^\infty$ where $\mu (n)$ are given by (\ref{m3})
plainly belongs
to the moment constant summability methods discussed in
\cite{H}, and as such it is regular. The next reason is
yielded by the following Lemma.\vspace*{0.3cm}\newline
\begin{lm} : The function
%
\begin{equation}
\mu (s) := \int _o^\infty \exp (-\exp t)t^s dt
\label{h15}
\end{equation}
%
1) has a meromorphic extension onto the whole complex plane
with simple poles on the negative real axis;\newline
2) its asymptotic behaviour for s tending to infinity,
$\mid\arg s\mid <\pi$, is governed by the saddle point
only and
%
\begin{equation}
\mu (s)\sim [2\pi w(s)w'(s)]^{1/2} \exp [-\exp w(s) +
s\ln w(s)].
\label{h18}
\end{equation}
%
The saddle point $w(s)$ is given in the complex plane by the equation
%
\begin{equation}
(\exp t)t = s .
\label{h17a}
\end{equation}
%
3) The function $\mu (s)$ exhibits no zero for $Re\ s>-1$.
\label{rlm1}
\end{lm}
Before the proof we give some comments on the solutions of (\ref{h17a})
for $s$ complex. In this case we shall always assume
that the $s$-complex plane is cut along either the real
positive either the real
negative axis. Correspondingly a sheet in the
$w$-complex plane is chosen which is bounded either by the real
positive axis from below and by a curve \(\phi +\arctan (\phi/w) =
2\pi \)
when $Rew\geq 0$, \(\phi +\arctan (\phi/w) = \pi \) when $Rew\leq 0$,
from above, $\phi $ being $Im w$,
$0\leq Imw< 2\pi$. ; either by the curves \(\phi +\arctan (\phi/w) =
\pi\) when
$Rew\geq 0$, $\phi\stackrel{\textstyle>}{<}0$, and \(\phi +\arctan
(\phi/w)=0\)
when $Rew\leq0$, $\phi\stackrel{\textstyle >}{<}0$, $-\pi<Im w<\pi$.
\vspace{0.5cm}\newline
{\em Proof} : 1) The integral on the r.h.s. of (\ref{h15}) converges
absolutely in the whole complex halfplane $Re s>-1$ and
defines there an analytic function. To perform an analytic
continuation we make use of the standard Cauchy procedure.
Being
an entire function, $\exp (-\exp t)$ possesses a power
series expansion,
$$\exp (-\exp t) = \sum _{n=o}^\infty c_n t^n,$$
with infinite radius of convergence. Then splitting the
integration in (\ref{h15}) into two intervals, one obtains
\begin{equation}
\mu (s) = \sum _{n=o}^\infty \frac{c_n t_o^{n+s+1}}{(n+s+1)} +
\int _{t_o}^\infty \exp (-\exp t)t^s\ dt,
\label{r9}
\end{equation}
where the r.h.s. of (\ref{r9}) is defined for all $s$ except
for $s=-n-1$, thereby providing an analytic continuation of
the integral on the r.h.s. of (\ref{h15}) onto the whole complex plane after
one sets $t_o=1$.
2) For $s$ tending to infinity and
$\mid\arg s\mid\leq\pi /2$ the asymptotic behaviour of
$\mu (s)$ can be calculated directly using the
saddle point technique on the integral on the r.h.s. of
(\ref{h15}).
The contribution $V_s$ of the saddle point (\ref{h17a}) is
calculated in the standard manner \cite{F,J}. One rewrites integrand of
(\ref{h15}) as an exponential function $\exp h(t)$, where
\begin{equation}
h(t) := -e^t +s\ln t,
\label{uf1}
\end{equation}
and looks for critical points of $h(t)$. This means that one
solves the equation
\begin{equation}
h'(t) = -e^t + s/t = 0.
\label{uf2}
\end{equation}
Any solution of (\ref{uf2}) is called the saddle point and its
contribution to (\ref{h15}) is given by the formula
\begin{equation}
V_s = \left(\frac{-2\pi}{h''(t_s)}\right)^{1/2} \, e^{h(t_s)},
\label{uf3}
\end{equation}
where $t_s$ denotes the value of a given saddle point. Under some
additional conditions one can prove that for $s\rightarrow\infty$
the value of integral (\ref{h15}) is completely determined by
the contributions of saddle points \cite{F,J}. In our case one finds
that (\ref{uf2}) has an unique solution in the cut complex plane,
which we shall denote by $w(s))$. Since $w(s)\exp w(s) =s$ one finds
that
\begin{equation}
w'(s) = \frac{1}{e^{w(s)}(w(s)+1)},\hspace{1cm}
w(s)w'(s)=-\frac{1}{h''(w(s))}\,\cdot
\label{uf4}
\end{equation}
Thus the contribution of the saddle point $w(s)$ is given by
$$V_s = (2\pi w(s)w'(s))^{1/2} \exp(-e^{w(s)} +w(s)\ln s)$$
and the asymptotic behaviour of $\mu (s)$ is completely
governed by it \cite{F,J}, so that
$$\mu (s)\sim (2\pi w(s)w'(s))^{1/2}[\exp (-e^{w(s)} +w(s)\ln s)]. $$
For $s\rightarrow\infty$ and $\mid\arg s\mid >\pi /2$ the
situation is quite different, because the contribution
$V_e$ of the end point of
the integral on the r.h.s. of (\ref{r9}) \cite{F,J}
$$ V_e = -t_o^s \exp (-\exp t_o )\, /s\hspace{1cm}
(s\rightarrow\infty ),$$
is far from being negligible and in fact is greater than
the contribution $V_s$ of the saddle point which
approaches zero
when $s$ tends to infinity, and
$\pi /2<\mid\arg s\mid <\pi$.
However, we can prove that the contribution $V_e$ is
nothing but the
sum on the r.h.s. of (\ref{r9}) in the large $s$ limit with
opposite
sign, so that these contributions cancel each other and
only the contribution of the saddle point $V_s$ survives.
In fact,
\begin{equation}
\sum _{n=o}^\infty c_n \frac{t_o^{n+s+1}}{n+s+1}
= (t_o^{s+1}/s)\sum _{n=o}^\infty c_n \frac{t_o^n}
{1+(n+1)/s}\, \cdot
\label{r10}
\end{equation}
The sum on the r.h.s. of (\ref{r10}) converges uniformly in
$s$, $0\leq\mid\arg s\mid\leq\pi -\varepsilon$,
$$\sum _{n=o}^\infty c_n \frac{t_o^n}
{1+(n+1)/s}\leq (1/\delta ) \sum _{n=o}^\infty c_nt_o^n <
\infty, $$
where $\delta$ is some constant whish does not depend on
$s$, so we have
$$\lim _{s\rightarrow\infty} \sum _{n=o}^\infty
c_n t_o^n
/[1+(n+1)/s] = \sum _{n=o}^\infty c_nt_o^n = \exp(-\exp
t_o), $$
and
$$\sum _{n=o}^\infty c_nt_o^{n+s+1} / (n+s+1)\sim -V_e
\hspace{1cm}(s\rightarrow\infty ).$$
To prove 3) suppose that for some $s_o$,
%
\[\mu (s_o)=\int _{\infty}^\infty \exp [-\exp (\exp t) +
(s_o +1)t] dt = 0 \ .\]
%
However, this implies that for any $\delta$,
%
\[\int _{\infty}^\infty \exp\{-\exp [\exp (t+\delta)] +
(s_o +1)t\}\ dt = 0\ ,\]
%
what means on the other hand that
%
\[ \int _\infty ^\infty \exp [-\exp (\exp t) +
(s_o +2)t][-\exp (\exp t)]\ dt = 0 . \]
%
Repeating this procedure $m$-times one gets that
%
\[I(m) = \int _o^\infty \exp [-\exp t + mt + (s_o+m)\ln t]
A^{-m}[A(-1 + d/dA)]^{m-1}(-A)\ dt = 0\ ,\]
%
where $A=\exp t$. Note that the term $D(t)$,
%
\[D(t):=A^{-m}[A(-1+d/dA)]^{m-1}(-A) ,\]
%
is bounded on $t\in (0,\infty )$ and nonzero for
sufficiently large $t$. On the other side,
provided $m$ is
sufficiently large we may use an asymptotic formula to
evaluate $I(m)$. Thus,
%
\[I(m)\sim [2\pi
u'u/(u+1)]^{1/2}\exp [-\exp u+mu+(s_o +m)\ln u]D(u) =
0,\]
%
since $u(m)$ is the solution of the equation
%
\[-e^t + m + (s_o+m)/t = 0,\]
%
which behaves like
%
\[u(m)\sim\ln [m + (s_o+m)/\ln m] \hspace{1in}
(m\rightarrow\infty).\]
%
$\Diamond$\vspace*{0.3cm}\newline
If one uses the approximate solution to the saddle point equation
(\ref{h17a})
%
\begin{equation}
w(s) = \ln (s/\ln s) + \ln\ln s/\ln s + {\cal O}[(\ln\ln s/\ln s)^2]
\hspace{1.7cm} (s\rightarrow\infty),
\label{h17b}
\end{equation}
then one finds the following approximate asymptotic behaviour of
$\mu (s)$,
\begin{equation}
\mu (s)\sim (2\pi\ln s/s)^{1/2} [\exp -(s/\ln s)]
[\ln (s/\ln s)]^s \hspace{2cm} (s\rightarrow\infty)\ ,
\label{h16}
\end{equation}
Some words about a numerical implementation of the method.
Note that the method can be implemented {\em numerically} as
well, since the solution to (\ref{h17a}) is very quickly determined
by the following recursive formula:
\begin{equation}
w(n)=ln(n/ln(n/ln(n/\ldots))),
\end{equation}
and the asymptotic formula (\ref{h18}) very accurately reproduces
the value of the integral (\ref{h15}) (in fact, up to ten orders by
a very simple algorithm).
One also finds that and when $s$ tends to infinity and
$|\arg s| < \pi$ the relation (\ref{uf4}),
\(w'(s)\sim 1/s-1/sw(s)\), still holds.\vspace*{0.3cm}\newline
{\bf\em Remark} 1 : Note that the proof of Lemma \ref{rlm1} can be directly
adapted to the case of the weight function $\exp[-e_k(t)]$,
where $e_k (t)$ is the $k$-fold exponential function,
$$e_k (t) := \exp(\exp(...(\exp t)...),$$
$k$ being an arbitrary
non-negative integer. The saddle point is now given by the
equation
$$e_k (t) e_{k-1}(t) ... e^t t = s.$$
In the case of $k=0$ one obtains a simpler proof of the
asymptotic
properties of the gamma function than the one usually known
\cite{E}. For $k\geq 2$ one obtains another moment
constant summability method
$\mu _k$ solving the problem ({\bf B}) (see
below). They give nothing new in the regular case, but they
play quite an important role in the singular case.
Considering the integral on the r.h.s. of (\ref{h15}) as the Mellin
transform, one could adapt Lemma {\ref{rlm1} to study the Mellin
transform of some class of entire functions. $\diamondsuit$\vspace*{0.3cm}\newline
Now, our main problem is the determination of
asymptotic properties of the moment function $F(t)$, defined by
\begin{equation}
F(t) := \sum _{n=o}^\infty\frac{t^n}{\mu (n)}\,\cdot
\label{r11}
\end{equation}
The reason is that for $\mid z\mid < 1$
\begin{equation}
\int _o^\infty \exp(-\exp t)\, F(tz)\, dt\, =\, \sum _{n=o}^\infty
z^n\, =\, 1/(1-z) ,
\label{r12}
\end{equation}
due to the regularity of the $\mu$-method
\cite{H}. Because of
Lemma \ref{rlm1} the function $F(t)$ is an entire function. One
expects that
$$\max _{\mid t\mid =const} \ln\mid F(t)\mid\sim\exp
(\mbox{const} \exp\mid t\mid )\hspace{1cm} (t\rightarrow\infty )$$
\cite{J,L}.
If $F(t)$ grew no faster than $\exp\mid t\mid ^A$ when $t$
approaches infinity, and
\mbox{$\mid\arg t\mid >0$}, where $A$ is a constant, then (\ref{r12})
should converge absolutely for every
$z \in MLS[1/(1-z)]$, the Mittag-Leffler star of the Cauchy
kernel $1/(1-z)$ providing
in such way an analytic continuation of
$\sum _{n=o}^\infty z^n$ from the unit disc onto the whole
$MLS[1/(1-z)]$.
Let $f(z)$ be the
principal branch of an analytic function regular at origin.
Then
\[
f(z) = (1/2\pi i)\oint _C \frac{f(u)}{u(1-z/u)} \ du
\hspace{5cm}\]
\begin{equation}
= (1/2\pi i)\oint _C \frac{f(u)}{u}\ du\int _o^\infty
\exp(-\exp t) F(tz/u)\ dt
\label{r13}
\end{equation}
for every simple contour $C$ such that no singularity of
$f(z)$ lies on $C$ or inside it. If in addition the contour
$C$ is such that
$\{z/u\mid u\in C\}\subset MLS[1/(1-z)]$, then we can
invert the order of the integrations in (\ref{r13}), to obtain
\begin{eqnarray}
\lefteqn{f(z) =\int _o^\infty \exp(-\exp t)
\sum _{n=o}^\infty\frac{(tz)^n}{\mu (n)}\ \left(\frac{1}{2\pi i}\right)
\oint _C \frac{f(u)}{u^{n+1}}\, du\, dt}\hspace{5cm}\nonumber\\
& & = \int _o^\infty \exp(-\exp t)
\sum _{n=o}^\infty a_n\frac{(tz)^n}{\mu (n)}\, dt ,
\label{r14}
\end{eqnarray}
$a_n$ being the Taylor coefficients of $f(z)$ at origin. It
is a short exercise to show that the set of
$z$ for which the $\mu$-sum (\ref{r14}) exists is just $MLS(f)$.
Hence to show that the
$\mu$-method provides an analytic continuation of the
Taylor series of $f(z)$ at origin onto the whole $MLS(f)$
we have
to prove that $F(t)$, as defined by (\ref{r11}), does not grow
faster than $\exp(\mid t\mid ^A)$ when $t$ tends to infinity
and $\mid\arg\ t\mid >0$.
One can also deal with the case where some finite
number of singularities of $f(z)$, but no branch point, are
elements of $C_o$ (interior
domain with respect to $C$) provided the condition
$\{z/u \mid u\in C\}\subset MLS[1/(1-z)]$ is satisfied. The
result is
\begin{equation}
f(z) = -\sum '_s Res[f(u),z_s]/(z_s -z)
+\int _o^\infty \exp(-\exp t) \sum _{n=o}^\infty
\tilde{a}_n \frac{(zt)^n}{\mu (n)} dt ,
\label{r15}
\end{equation}
%
where
\begin{equation}
\tilde{a}_n
= a_n + \sum '_s Res[f(u),z_s]/z_s^{n+1} ,
\label{r16}
\end{equation}
%
and $\sum '_s$ in (\ref{r15},\ref{r16}) runs over all singularities
$z_s$ of
$f(z)$, which are elements of $C_o$ (see also the next
section). As an exercise one can justify the relations
(\ref{r15},\ref{r16}) for the Cauchy kernel
$1/(1-z)$, where $\tilde{a}_n =0$ so that the integral on the
r.h.s. of (\ref{r15}) vanishes.
Let us turn now to the study of asymptotic properties
of the function $F(t)$.\vspace*{0.3cm}\newline
\begin{lm} Let
$\{\mu (n)\}_{n=o}^\infty$ be the Stieltjes moment
sequence generated by the measure
$\exp (-\exp t)\ dt$ (\ref{m3}). Then
the function $F(t)$, defined by (\ref{r11}),
%
$$F(t) = \sum _{n=0}^\infty\frac{t^n}{\mu (n)},$$
is an entire function with the following
asymptotic behaviour at infinity :\newline
1) For
$\mid Im t\mid \leq\pi /2$ the asymptotic behaviour is
determined by the saddle point
$s = (\exp t)t$, of the Euler-Maclaurin integral representation
of F(z),
$$
F(t) = \int_{\sigma}^\infty \frac{e^{s\ln t}}{\mu (s)}\ ds +
{\cal O}(\mid t\mid^\sigma )\hspace{2cm}
(t\rightarrow\infty ),
$$
$\sigma$ being some constant, $-1<\sigma <0.$
Therefore
$$F(t)\sim \exp [\exp t +t +\ln(t+1)]\hspace{1.5cm}
(t\rightarrow\infty ).$$
2) For $\mid Imt\mid >\pi /2$ the asymptotic behaviour of F(z) is still
determined by the saddle point whenever its contribution prevails
the contribution of the end point of integration. Otherwise, as well as
for $|Im\,t|>\pi$,
\[\mid F(t)\mid\leq {\cal O}(\mid t\mid^\sigma )
\hspace{1in} (t\rightarrow\infty ).\]
\label{rlm2}
\end{lm}
{\em Proof} : By Lemma \ref{rlm1} $\mu (s)$ exhibits no zero in the
right complex halfplane. Then by virtue of the Euler-Maclaurin sum
formula \cite{F,J} we arrive at the ensuing
integral representation of $F(t)$,
\begin{equation}
F(t) = \int_{\sigma}^\infty \frac{e^{s\ln t}}{\mu (s)}\ ds +
{\cal O}(\mid t\mid^\sigma )\hspace{1cm}
(t\rightarrow\infty ),
\label{r17}
\end{equation}
where $\sigma$ is some noninteger from the interval $(-1,0)$.
To find an asymptotic behaviour of $F(t)$ at infinity we shall use the
standard saddle point method as in the proof of Lemma 1. In the present
case one does not know an explicite form of the function $h(s)$ (\ref{uf1})
which determines the position of saddle points.
Nevertheless the position of
the saddle point of (\ref{r17}) can be found exactly for sufficiently
large $t$.
As one expects and as we shall show in a moment, function $h(s)$, and
thus equation for the saddle point is
determined by the asymptotic behaviour of
$\mu (s)$, provided $t$ is sufficiently large. Let as above
$w=w(s)$ be the solution of (\ref{h17a}), i.e.,
\begin{equation}
w(s)\exp [w(s)] = s .
\label{r18}
\end{equation}
Due to Lemma \ref{rlm1} the asymptotic behaviour of $\mu (s)$ at infinity
is
\begin{equation}
\mu (s)\sim [2\pi w(s)w'(s)]^{1/2}
\exp\{-\exp [w(s)]+s\ln w(s)\}.
\label{r19}
\end{equation}
This in turn determines an asymptotic form
of the function $h(s)$,
\begin{equation}
h(s) = \exp [w(s)]-s\ln w (s)+s\ln t ,
\label{r20}
\end{equation}
and hence a solution of the equation
\begin{equation}
h'(s) = e^w w'(s)-\ln w-sw'(s)/w(s)+\ln t = 0 .
\end{equation}
By using the relation (\ref{h17a}) the last equation is essentially
reduced to
\begin{equation}
h'(s) = -\ln w+\ln t = 0,
\label{r21}
\end{equation}
and the saddle point is $t=w(s)$. From (\ref{r21}) one finds that
$h''(s)=-w'(s)/w(s)$ at the saddle point. Finally, from
(\ref{uf3}) one obtaines
the contribution $V_s$ of the saddle point,
\begin{equation}
V_s := \left(\frac{2\pi w(s)}{w'(s)}\cdot\frac{1}{2\pi w(s)w'(s)}\right)^{1/2}
e^{e^t}
= [w'(s(t))]^{-1} e^{e^t} := e^{\omega (t)} ,
\end{equation}
where
\begin{equation}
\omega (t):= \exp t+t+\ln (t+1).
\label{om}
\end{equation}
If $\mid Im t\mid\leq\pi /2$ then one can justifies
that the asymptotic behaviour of $F(t)$ is determined by the
contribution of the saddle point only.
If $\pi /2<\mid Im t\mid <\pi$ then the asymptotic behaviour is still
determined by the
contribution of the saddle point provided it prevails the
contribution of the end point of the integral (\ref{r17}).
For example this happens
if one stays on special curves which approximates $y=\pi/2$
($y=-\pi/2$) from above (below) if $x\rightarrow\infty$ (see also
below section \ref{sub:sing}).
Otherwise, and for $|Im\,t|>\pi$ as well, the contribution of the end
point $s=\sigma$ of the integral (\ref{r17}) prevails and $|F(z)|$
tends to zero.
If $\mid Im t\mid\geq\pi$ the contour of the
steepest descent does not exist since the saddle point
does not lie on the first sheet of the multivalued
function $w(s)$.
Another point of view is that we do not have any saddle point
of the integral (\ref{r17}) since $w(s)$ in (\ref{r19}) is only defined for
$|\arg s\mid <\pi$ for which $\mid Im\, w(s)\mid <\pi$. Hence,
the relation (\ref{r21}) cannot be satisfied for such $t$.
In both cases, however, one
can show that the asymptotic behaviour of
$F(t)$ is determined by the end point
$s=\sigma$ of the integral (\ref{r17}), i.e.,
$F(t)\sim{\cal O}(\mid t\mid^\sigma )$ for $t$ tending to
infinity and $\mid Im t\mid\geq\pi$ \cite{F,J}. For
$\mid\arg t\mid >0$ this can be examplified
independently as follows. By virtue of the analytic properties of
$\mu (s)$ and its behaviour at infinity (\ref{h16}) one can rotate
the contour of integration from the real axis to the
ray $(\sigma ,\sigma +iq\infty )$ , where
$q=sign\ (\arg t)$. Let $\arg t>0$. Then the integral $I$,
\[ I = \int _{\sigma}^{\sigma +i\infty} \frac{e^{s\ln t}}{\mu (s)}\ ds,
\]
can be majorized in the subsequent manner,
\begin{equation}
\mid I\mid\leq e^{\sigma\ln\mid t\mid}
\int _{\sigma}^{\sigma +i\infty} \frac{e^{-y\arg\ t}}
{\mid\mu (s)\mid}\
\mid ds\mid\leq 2\mbox{const}\ e^{\sigma\ln\mid t\mid},
\label{r22a}
\end{equation}
where $s =\sigma +iy$, because on the ray
$(\sigma ,\sigma +i\infty )$
\begin{equation}
\mid 1/\mu (s)|\sim\exp [\mbox{const}\ (y/\ln y)]\hspace{2cm}
(y\rightarrow\infty ).
\label{r22b}
\end{equation}
Thus $I$ decays at worst like $\mid t\mid ^\sigma$ when $t$ tends
to infinity
and the proof is finished. $\Diamond$ \vspace*{0.3cm}\newline
{\bf\em Remark} 2 : Note that the position of the saddle point is
$$w(s) = t$$
also in the case of Stieltjes moment sequence
$\{\mu _k (n)\}_{n=o}^\infty$
generated by $\exp [e_k (t)]$, where $k$ is an arbitrary
nonnegative integer. Now,
$w(s)$ is the solution of (\ref{r18}) with
$\exp w$
replaced by $(d/dw)e_k (w)$ (see Remark 1). The
contribution of the saddle point is up to the Gaussian
integral around the saddle point
$$V_s =\exp [e_k (w)] \hspace{2cm}
(t\rightarrow\infty ).$$
Analogously as in the above case of $k=1$ ,
$F_k (t)$, defined by
$$F_k (t) = \sum _{n=o}^\infty\frac{t^n}{\mu _k (n)},$$
where $k\geq 2$, is also polynomially bounded when $t$
tends to infinity and $\mid\arg t\mid >0$ because of
$$\mid 1/\mu _k (s)| \sim\exp\{const
[y/\ln y...\ln_{k-1}(y)\ln_k (y)]\}\hspace{1cm}
(y\rightarrow\infty ),$$
on the ray $(\sigma ,\sigma +iq\infty )$,
$\ln_k (y)$ being the $k$-fold logarithm. It means that
such methods also solve the problem
({\bf B})! The principal difference between the Borel $(k=0)$ and
$\mu _k$-methods with $k\geq 1$ consists in the fact that for the
Borel method
the integral on the r.h.s. of (\ref{r22a}) may not converge if
$\mid\arg t\mid >0$. $\diamondsuit$\vspace*{0.3cm}\newline
The main result of this section is the following Theorem.
\vspace*{0.3cm}\newline
\begin{th} : Let $f(z)$ be the principal branch of an analytic function
regular at origin,
$$f(z) = \sum _{n=o}^\infty a_n z^n .$$
Then the integral $I(z_o)$,
\begin{equation}
I(z_o ) =\int _o^\infty \exp (-\exp t)
\sum _{n=o}^\infty a_n \frac{(z_o t)^n}{
\mu (n)}\ dt ,
\label{r23}
\end{equation}
converges if and only if $z_o\in MLS(f)$, where
$\mu (n)$ are defined by (\ref{m3}). If $z_o\in MLS(f)$ then
$$f(z_o ) = I(z_o ).$$
The convergence is absolute and uniform in any bounded subset of $MLS(f)$
with nonzero distance from the boundary of $MLS(f)$ and we can
differentiate inside the sign of integration,
$$ f'(z) =\int _o^\infty\exp (-\exp t)
\sum _{n=1}^\infty na_n \frac{z^{n-1}t^n}{\mu (n)}\
dt.$$
Provided $f(z)$ has no branch point on or inside $C$,
then the relations (\ref{r15},\ref{r16}) hold.
\label{rth1}
\end{th}
{\em Proof} : Note that the integrand of (\ref{r23}) is an entire
function, so that it is well defined. The result follows
immediately from Lemma \ref{rlm2} and the relations
(\ref{r13},\ref{r14}). $\Diamond$\vspace*{0.3cm}\newline
{\bf\em Remark} 3 : $MLS(f)$ is invariant with respect to
differentiation, i.e.,
$MLS[f(z)]\\ = MLS[f'(z)]$. If $f(z)$ is as in Theorem
\ref{rth1}, then $f'(z)$ also satisfies the conditions of this
theorem, and we have another representation of $f'(z)$,
$$f'(z) =\int _{o}^\infty\exp (-\exp t)
\sum _{n=1}^\infty n a_n\frac{(zt)^{n-1}}{\mu (n-1)}\ dt,$$
i.e., the moments $\mu (n)$ can be in some sense shifted.
$\diamondsuit$\vspace*{0.3cm}\newline
Let $f(z)$ be as in Theorem \ref{rth1} and regular on the real
positive axis, for instance. Then Theorem \ref{rth1} enables us to
give an analytic continuation of the Taylor series of
$f(z)$ at origin on the whole axis. In fact the following
Corollary holds.\vspace*{0.3cm}\newline
\begin{cl} : Let
1) $f(z)$ be the principal branch of an
analytic function regular at origin;
2) $f(z)$ be regular on the real positive axis.
Then
$$f(x) =\int _o^\infty \exp (-\exp t)
\sum _{n=o}^\infty a_n \frac{(xt)^n}{\mu (n)}\
dt$$
for $x\in [0,\infty )$. The integral converges absolutely
and one can differentiate inside the sign of integration.
\label{rcl1}
\end{cl}
Nucl.\ Phys.\
\subsection{Some new results on the Borel summability method}
\label{sub:some}
In this section we wish to prove an analogue of Theorem \ref{rth1}
for the Borel method. Some results are exposed in \cite{SG}, but a
detailed study of the region of convergence of the Borel
integral is missing. The same role as the function $F(t)$ has in the
$\mu$-method discussed above plays the generalized
Mittag-Leffler function in the Borel method. As we have mentioned
above the Borel method
is one member of the moment constant summability methods.
Its weight function is
$(1/\alpha )t^{(\beta/\alpha )-1} \exp (-t^{1/\alpha})$, and
the moments of the Borel method are in general
$$ (1/\alpha )\int _o^\infty t^{(\beta/\alpha
)-1} e^{-t} \ t^n\ dt =\Gamma (\alpha n +\beta ) ,$$
where $\Gamma $ is the usual gamma function, and
$\alpha ,\beta $ are positive constants, $0<\alpha\leq 2$
(note that the Borel method with
$\alpha =\beta =1$ can be viewed as a special case
$\mu _o$ of the $\mu _k$-methods discussed in Remark 1).
The generalized Mittag-Leffler function is the
function
$$E_{\alpha ,\beta}(z) = \sum _{n=o}^\infty \frac{z^n}{\Gamma
(\alpha n +\beta )}$$
\cite{E}. We wish to show that the problems ({\bf A}) and
({\bf B}) of the
Borel method are results of the fact that
$E_{\alpha,\beta}(z)$ is unbounded in some {\em sector-like
domain} with {\em nonzero opening
angle}. Indeed, its asymptotic properties when $z$ approaches
infinity are as follows \cite{H,E}:
a) $$E_{\alpha ,\beta} (z) \sim\sum_{n=1}^\infty z^{-n}
/\Gamma (\beta -\alpha n)\hspace{1cm}
if\hspace{0.5cm}\mid\arg (-z)\mid < (1 - \alpha /2)\pi ,$$
b) $$E_{\alpha,\beta} (z) \sim (1/\alpha)\sum_m t_m^{1-\beta}
e^{t_m} \hspace{1cm} if\hspace{1cm}\mid\arg z\mid\leq
\pi\alpha /2 ,$$
where
$t_m = z^{1/\alpha} e^{2\pi im/\alpha}$ ,
and the sum runs over all $m$ such that
$-\pi\alpha /2\leq\arg z + 2\pi m\leq\pi\alpha /2.$
Because of these asymptotic properties the integral
\begin{equation}
\int_o^\infty t^{\beta -1} e^{-t} E_{\alpha ,\beta}
(zt^\alpha )dt ,
\label{r24}
\end{equation}
which is for $\mid z\mid <1$ equal to $1/(1-z)$, {\em does not}
converge in
the whole $MLS[1/(1-z)]$ but only in some domain
${\cal B}_\alpha [1/(1-z)]$,
\begin{equation}
{\cal B}_\alpha [1/(1-z)] := \{ z\mid Re(z)^{1/\alpha} =
r^{1/\alpha}[\cos (\theta/\alpha)]< 1\}.
\label{r25}
\end{equation}
Note that ${\cal B}_\alpha [1/(1-z)]$ does not depend on
$\beta$. Due to the
relations (\ref{r13},\ref{r14}) such a representation of the Cauchy
kernel determines the representation of an arbitrary function
$f(z)$ regular at origin. Let $C(z_o )$ be a contour given by
the relation
\begin{equation}
r = r_o\{\cos[(\theta -\theta_o)/\alpha ]\} \hspace{0.5cm}
\mbox{where}\hspace{0.5cm}\mid\theta -\theta_o\mid <\pi\alpha /2.
\label{r26}
\end{equation}
Let us draw the contour $C(z_s )$ for each singularity $z_s$ of
$f(z)$ and let us discard from the complex plane the domain
$C_o (z_s )$ closed up by the contour, for which the sign =
in (\ref{r26}) is replaced by $>$. Then the notation
${\cal B}_\alpha (f)$ is adopted
for the simply connected region of the complex plane
containing the origin. By the construction
${\cal B}_\alpha (f)$ is a starlike region containing, in any
case, the disc of convergence of the Taylor series of $f(z)$
around the origin.\vspace*{0.3cm}\newline
\begin{th} : Let $f(z)$ be the principal branch of an analytic
function, regular at origin,
$$f(z) = \sum_{n=o}^\infty a_n z^n .$$
Then the integral $I(z_o )$,
\begin{equation}
I(z_o ) = \int_o^\infty t^{\beta -1}e^{-t}
\sum_{n=o}^\infty a_n
\frac{(z_o t^\alpha )^n}{\Gamma(\beta +\alpha n)}\ dt,
\label{r27}
\end{equation}
converges if and only if $z_o \in{\cal B}_\alpha (f)$.
If $z_o\in {\cal B}_\alpha (f)$ then
$$f(z_o ) = I(z_o ) .$$
The convergence is absolute and uniform on any bounded
subset of ${\cal B}_\alpha (f)$ with nonzero distance from
the boundary of ${\cal B}_\alpha (f)$. For the first
derivative $f'(z)$ of $f(z)$ the following representation
\begin{equation}
f'(z) = \int_o^\infty t^{\beta -1} e^{-t}
\sum_{n=o}^\infty na_n\,
\frac{z^{n-1} t^{\alpha n}}{\Gamma(\beta +
\alpha n)}\ dt
\label{r28}
\end{equation}
holds.
\label{rth2}
\end{th}
{\em Proof} : Proof of Theorem is nothing but a slight
modification of the proof of Theorem \ref{rth1} to the case of
another Stieltjes moment sequence. The double integral on the
r.h.s. of (\ref{r13}) converges if and only if for a given
$z_o$ a contour $C$ exists such that
$\{ z_o /u \mid u\in C\}\subset {\cal B}_\alpha [1/(1-z)] .$
Interchanching the order of integrations in (\ref{r13}) one
obtains the relation (\ref{r27}) if and only if:
a) the origin and $z_o$ are elements of $C_o$ ;
b) no singularity $z_s$ of $f(z)$ is an element of $C_o\cup C$;
c) $\forall u\in C$, where $u =\rho\exp (i\phi )$ and such
that $\mid\theta_o -\phi\mid <\pi\alpha /2$, the inequality
\begin{equation}
Re\ (z_o /u)^{1/\alpha} = (r_o /\rho)^{1/\alpha} \cos
[\theta_ o -\phi )/\alpha ]\leq 1-\delta
\label{r29}
\end{equation}
holds, where $\delta$ is a positive constant.
The first two conditions are obvious; the last one follows
from the fact that the integral (\ref{r24}) converges if and only
if
$$Re\ z^{1/\alpha} \leq 1 -\delta .$$
One can easily check that a set of all $z_o$ such that a
contour $C$ with the above properties exists is just the
region ${\cal B}_\alpha (f)$. In fact, for all
$z\in{\cal B}_\alpha (f)$ such a contour
exists. If $z\not\in {\cal B}_\alpha (f)$, then
inevitably a singularity $z_s$ of $f(z)$ exists such that
$$r\geq r_s\{\cos [(\theta -\theta_s )/\alpha]\}^{-\alpha}
\hspace{0.5cm}\mbox{when}\hspace{0.5cm}\mid\theta -\theta_s\mid
<\pi\alpha /2.$$
This, however, contradicts to the properties b) and c)
under which
$$r_s > r\{\cos [(\theta -\theta_s )/\alpha ]\}^{\alpha} >
\rho \hspace{0,5cm}\mbox{if}\hspace{0.5cm}\mid\theta -\theta_s\mid
<\pi\alpha /2.$$
The relation (\ref{r28}) then follows immediately from the
absolute convergence and the fact that under the conditions
of the Theorem the integrand of (\ref{r27}) is an entire function.
$\Diamond$\vspace*{0.3cm}\newline
{\bf\em Remark} 4 : Like $MLS(f)$ the domain ${\cal B}_\alpha (f)$
is also invariant under differentiation,
${\cal B}_\alpha (f') = {\cal B}_\alpha (f)$, so that
inserting the first derivative $f'(z)$ in place of $f(z)$ in
Theorem \ref{rth2} one
obtains another integral representation of $f'(z)$, like in
the previous section,
$$f'(z) = \int_o^\infty t^{\beta -1} e^{-t} \sum_{n=1}^\infty
na_n\, \frac{(zt^\alpha )^{n-1}}{\Gamma [\beta +\alpha (n-1)]}\ dt.\hspace{1cm}
\diamondsuit\vspace*{0.3cm}\newline$$
{\bf\em Remark} 5 : Note that whenever $\alpha <\alpha '$, then
${\cal B}_\alpha (f)\subset{\cal B}_{\alpha '} (f)$. For
$\alpha\rightarrow 0$ the domain ${\cal B}_\alpha (f)$
approaches $MLS(f)$. However, the limit
$$ \lim_{\alpha\rightarrow 0}\Gamma (\beta +\alpha n)
= \Gamma (\beta )$$
is trivial (does not depend on $n$). This fact provides one of arguments
for the moment sequence of the moment summability methods summing the
Taylor series of $f(z)$ in the whole $MLS(f)$ to grow
like $(\ln n)^n$, because
$$\mu (n)\sim (\ln n)^n= o\,[\Gamma (\beta +\alpha n)]
\hspace{1cm} (n\rightarrow\infty),$$
for all positive $\alpha$ and $\beta$. Another way is to
consider the weight function for the Borel moments which
contains a factor $\exp (-t^{1/\alpha})$ and its behaviour
when $\alpha\rightarrow 0_+$. $\diamondsuit$\vspace*{0.3cm}\newline
Theorem \ref{rth2} shows that in the regular case the Borel
summation is not only the Laplace transform (cf.
\cite{RS}). The integral (\ref{r27}) in the Laplace form,
$$I'(z_o ) = (1/z_o)^{1/\alpha} \int_o^\infty
t^{\beta -1} \exp (-t/z_o^{1/\alpha}) \sum_{n=o}^\infty
a_n \frac{t^{\alpha n}}{\Gamma (\beta +\alpha n)}\ dt,$$
has a different region of convergence but one is an
analytic continuation of the other. In fact, adopt the
notation $L(z)$ ($L^o (z)$) for the simple contour
(the interior domain with respect to it), where $L(z)$ is
parametrized by $u := \rho\exp (i\phi )$ in the following way
(see Fig. \ref{fg4}):
a) If $ \mid\theta -\phi\mid\leq\mid\theta -\phi_o\mid
<\pi\alpha /2,$ where $z = r\exp (i\theta )$, then
\begin{equation}
\rho = r\{\cos [(\theta -\phi )/\alpha ]\} ,
\label{r30}
\end{equation}
$\pm\phi_o$ being determined by the equation
$$\rho = r\, [(\cos (\theta -\phi )/\alpha ]^{\alpha} =
\varepsilon ,$$
where $\varepsilon$ is strictly less than radius of convergence of the
Taylor series at the origin of the function under
consideration;
b) If $\mid\theta -\phi\mid >\mid\theta -\phi _o\mid$ ,
$\pm\phi _o$ being the same as above, then
\begin{equation}
\rho = \varepsilon .
\label{r31}
\end{equation}
The following theorem holds.\vspace*{0.3cm}\newline
\begin{th} : Let $f(z)$ be the principal branch of an analytic
function regular at origin. Denote by
$D_{\alpha} (f)$ the domain
\begin{equation}
D_{\alpha} (f) := \cup _{z\in{\cal B}_\alpha (f)}
L^o (z),
\label{r32}
\end{equation}
where $L^o (z)$ is defined by (\ref{r30},\ref{r31}).
Thus for any $z\in D_{\alpha} (f)$, $z=r\exp (i\theta )$, there
exists $z^*=r^*\exp (i\theta^*)\in{\cal B}_\alpha (f)$
such that $z\in L^o (z^*)$.
Let $z_o$ be
$$z_o := z \exp(-i\theta^* ). $$
Then the
integral
\begin{equation}
I'(z) := (1/z_o)^{1/\alpha} \int_o^\infty t^{\beta -1}
\exp(-t/z_o ^{1/\alpha}) a_n (e^{i\theta^ *} t^\alpha )^n
/\Gamma (\beta +\alpha n)\ dt
\label{r33}
\end{equation}
converges (outside the Borel polygon!) and equals to $f(z)$ .
\label{rth3}
\end{th}
{\em Proof} : Suppose the corresponding
$z^* \in{\cal B}_\alpha (f)$ has been found. Then the integral
$$\int_o^\infty t^{\beta -1} e^{-t} \sum_{n=o}^\infty
a_n\frac{(z^* t^\alpha )^n}{\Gamma (\beta +\alpha n)}\ dt$$
converges. After the real substitution $t\rightarrow
tr^{1/\alpha}$ one gets
the integral in the Laplace form,
$$(1/r)^{1/\alpha}\int_o^\infty t^{\beta -1} \exp
(-t/r^{1/\alpha}) \sum_{n=o}^\infty a_n \frac{(e^{i\theta^*}
t^\alpha )^n}{\Gamma (\beta +\alpha n)}\ dt,$$
which converges $\forall w\in C_o$ (the complex plane of
$r$) such that
$$Re\, w^{1/\alpha} > r^{1/\alpha},$$
or, what is the same,
$$w<r[\cos (\theta/\alpha )]^\alpha.$$
But the complex plane $C_o$ is nothing but the rotated $C$,
i.e., $C_o = \exp (-i\theta^* )C$. $\Diamond$\vspace*{0.3cm}\newline
Let us give an example to illustrate the Theorem.
Consider the function $f(z) = 1/(1-z)$ and the standard
Borel method ($\alpha =\beta = 1$). Now, ${\cal B}_1 (f)$ is
the complex halfplane $Re z<1$, and
$D_1 (f)\equiv MLS(f)$. Let us calculate, e.g., $f(2+3i)$.
As the corresponding $z^*$ we choose $z^* = 8i$. Hence
$\theta^* =\pi /2$ so we have $z_o = 3-2i$ (see Fig. \ref{fg4}).
\begin{figure}
\vspace{8cm}
\caption{{\em Analytic continuation beyond $Re\, z<1$ .}}
\label{fg4}
\end{figure}
According to (\ref{r33})
\begin{eqnarray*}
\lefteqn{f(2+3i) = (3-2i)^{-1} \int_o^\infty \exp [-t/(3-2i)]
\sum_{n=o}^\infty \frac{(it)^n}{n!}\ dt} \\
& &= (3-2i)^{-1}
\int_o^\infty \exp\left\{ -t\left(\frac{1}{3-2i} - i\right)
\right\}\ dt = -\frac{1}{1+3i} \cdot
\end{eqnarray*}
\vspace{0.5cm}\newline
Theorem \ref{rth3} shows the principal obstruction for the
Borel method to be convergent in the whole $MLS$ of
function under consideration. It is due to the fact that
whenever the Borel sum exists for some $z_o$, then it also exists
for $z\in L^o (z_o)$ and defines an analytic function
there.
At the end of this section we wish to show that the
Borel method can represent a function regular on the real
positive axis only under assumption of its regularity in a
larger sector-like domain.\vspace*{0.3cm}\newline
\begin{cl} : Let $f(z)$ be regular in a sector-like domain
$S_{\gamma}$ ,
$S_{\gamma} := \{z\mid r>0\ and\ \mid\theta\mid <\gamma\}.$
Then the integral
$$(1/z)^{1/\alpha}\int_o^\infty t^{\beta -1} \exp
[-t/z^{1/\alpha} ] \sum_{n=o}^\infty a_n \frac{t^{\alpha n}}
{\Gamma (\beta +\alpha n)}\ dt$$
converges for $z\in (0,\infty )$ if and only if
$\alpha <2\gamma /\pi$. If $\alpha <2\gamma /\pi$, then the
integral converges on each sector $S_{\eta}$,
$S_{\eta} := \{z\mid r>0 \ and\ \mid\theta\mid <\eta\},$
where $\eta <\pi\alpha /2$.
\label{rcl2}
\end{cl}
{\em Proof} : Only under the condition $\alpha <2\gamma /\alpha$
the real positive axis belongs to ${\cal B}_\alpha (f)$.
$\diamondsuit$\vspace*{0.3cm}\newline
Note that all results of the section can be generalized to
the case where some singularities of $f(z)$, but no
branch point, lie in $C_o$.
Note also that for the class of functions satisfying the
hypotheses of the Nevanlinna theorem the Borel transform is
analytic in a strip including the real positive axis. So,
applying Corollary \ref{rcl1} one directly finds an expression
for the Borel transform on the whole axis (in terms of $a_n'{}^s$).
As for the generalization of the strong asymptotic
condition one can see that by replacing the factor $N!$ in
the above bound of $R_N (z)$ by $\mu _k (N)$ one obtains
uniqueness
theorems for horn-shaped regions, $k$ characterizing the
sharpness of a horn. The proof is simply performed by
combining conformal
mappings with the Phragmen-Lindel\"{o}f theorems \cite{M2}.Nucl.\ Phys.\
\subsection{Singular case}
\label{sub:sing}
As it has been shown above the moment constant summability method
with the moment sequence $\{\mu (n)\} _o^\infty$,
\begin{equation}
\mu (n) := \int _o^\infty \exp (-\exp t) t^n dt .
\end{equation}
%
solves the shortcoming ({\bf B}) of the Borel method.
In this subsection we shall show that this method can
be used for the horn-shaped singularity as well. We shall
only deal with the horn $H_R$ (see Fig. \ref{fg5}), defined as
\begin{equation}
H_R := \{z\mid Re\ \omega (1/z)>\omega (1/R)\},
\label{h6a}
\end{equation}
where
\begin{equation}
\omega (z) := \ln F(z),\hspace{2cm} F(z) := \sum _{n=o}^\infty
\frac{z^n}{\mu (n)},\label{h6b}
\end{equation}
i.e., roughly speaking, with the region of the asymptotic
type $(1,1)$
\cite{S,N,So}.
\begin{figure}
\vspace{8cm}
\caption{{\em The horn $H_R$ (a) and its image $H_R^{-1}$ (b)
under the mapping $z\rightarrow 1/z$.}}
\label{fg5}
\end{figure}
This can be confirmed as follows. By Lemma \ref{rlm2} we know that
$Re\,\omega (z)$ tends to $-\infty$ for $z\rightarrow\infty$ and
$Im\,z>\pi$. On the other hand, within the strip $Im\, z\leq\pi$,
$\omega (z)$ behaves according to (\ref{om})
as $\omega (z)=e^z +z+\ln(z+1)$
provided $Re\,\omega(z)$ does not decrease too fast. Thus within the strip
the equation $Re\,\omega (z)=const$ which defines the {\em separatrix}
of the asymptotic behaviour of $F(z)$ is nothing but
\begin{equation}
Re\,\omega (z)=e^x\cos y +x+\ln|x+iy+1|=c,
\label{oi}
\end{equation}
$c$ being some real constant. The Eq. (\ref{oi}) shows that
$\partial H^{-1}_R$ is symmetric under $y\rightarrow\pm y$.
Hence we can restrict our considerations to the right upper quadrant.
In order that $Re\,\omega (z)$ be a constant the exponential term in
(\ref{oi}) forces $y$ to move very rapidly in the region $\pi/2<|y|<\pi$
and then to approach very close $|y_o|=\pi/2$ from above if $x$ tends
to infinity.
One anticipates
that the boundary $\partial H_R$ of $H_R$ encloses in some sense the
strip $Im\, z\leq\pi/2$. Indeed, asymptotically, for
$x\rightarrow\infty$, the boundary of $\partial H^{-1}_R$ is
approximated from below and above by the curves
\begin{equation}
y_{\pm}(x) =\left[\frac{\pi}{2} +e^{-x}\left(x+\ln \left|x+1+i
\left(\frac{\pi}{2} + e^{-x}(x\pm2\ln(x+1)\right)\right| -c\right)
\right],
\label{je}
\end{equation}
with $x\in[x_o,\infty]$, $x_o>0$, since
\begin{eqnarray}
\lefteqn{Re\,\omega (z)|_{y=y_{\pm}(x)} = e^x\cos y_{\pm}(x) +x+\ln\left|x+1+
iy_{\pm}\right|}\sim \nonumber\\
& & \mbox{} \sim c + a_{\pm}\ln\frac{\pi\ln (x+1)}{2(x+1)^2}e^{-x},
\hspace{2.5cm}
(x\rightarrow\infty)
\label{je1}
\end{eqnarray}
where $a_+ =-1$ and $a_- =3$.
The above considertions confirm our expectations that the boundary
of $\partial H_R$ approximates the origin with zero slope, since according
to (\ref{je},\ref{je1}),
\begin{equation}
\bar{y}\sim \pm \frac{\pi}{2}\bar{r}^2\hspace{2.5cm}(\bar{r}\rightarrow\infty),
\end{equation}
where the bared parameters correspond to the mapping
$z\rightarrow\bar{z}=1/z$.
{}From (\ref{oi}) it follows that
\begin{equation}
\frac{\partial y}{\partial x} =\left(e^x\cos y +1+
\frac{x+1}{(x+1)^2+y^2}\right)/\left(e^x\sin y\right)
\end{equation}
diverges for $y\rightarrow 0$ as expected.
The point $x_o$ at which
$y(x_o)=0$ satisfies approximately the equation
\begin{equation}
(x_o+1)e^{x_o} = e^c
\label{ja1}
\end{equation}
and the point $x_m$ at which $y(x)$ takes on its maximum is given
by the equation,
\begin{equation}
[(x_m+1)^2 + y_m^2]^{1/2} e^{x_m} = e^{c+1}.
\label{ja2}
\end{equation}
Both (\ref{ja1}) and (\ref{ja2}) are valid asymptotically for
$c$ sufficiently large. Thus, at this limit,
\begin{equation}
\frac{x_o+1}{[(x_m+1)^2 + y_m^2]^{1/2}}\,e^{x_o -x_m} = e^{c-c-1}=e^{-1},
\end{equation}
i.e., as $x_o\rightarrow \infty (\Leftrightarrow c\rightarrow\infty)$
then $x_m\rightarrow x_o+1$.
Therefore, by the triangle inequality,
\begin{equation}
|\oint_{\partial H_R} \ldots dz/z|\leq 2\pi \max (\ldots) +
\int_o^R |\ldots| dr/r,
\label{je3}
\end{equation}
where $\ldots$ stands for any continuous function bounded on
the strip $|Im\, y|\leq \pi$ and $x\in[x_o, \infty)$, $x_o$
being a positive real number.
Transition to more general horns of the type $(1,\eta )$ is simply
accomplished by mapping $z\rightarrow z/\eta$. The
theorems could be also modified for a region of the
asymptotic type $(k,\eta)$ with $k>1$. The situation here
is, however, more involved.
The main result of this subsection is the Nevanlinna-like
theorem for the horn $H_R$ as follows.\vspace*{0.3cm}\newline
\begin{th} : Let $f(z)$ be analytic in the horn-shaped
region
\(H_R :=\{Re\ \omega (1/z)>\omega (1/R)\}\), continuous
up to the boundary, and satisfy there the estimates
\[f(z) = \sum _{k=o}^{N-1} a_k z^k + R_N (z)\]
with
\begin{equation}
\mid R_N (z)\mid\leq A\mu (N)\mid z\mid^N
\label{h10}
\end{equation}
uniformly in $N$ and $z\in {\bar H}_R$.
Then
\begin{equation}
M(t):=\sum _{n=o}^\infty a_n \frac{t^n}{\mu (n)}
\label{h11}
\end{equation}
converges for $\mid t\mid <1$, and has an analytic
continuation to the striplike region
$S_1=\{t\mid dist(t,R_+)<1\}$, satisfying the bound
\begin{equation}
\mid M(t)\mid\leq K\exp [\exp (\mid t\mid /R)]
\label{h12}
\end{equation}
uniformly in every $S_{\kappa}$ with $\kappa >1$. The
analytic continuation
of $M(t)$ for $t\in (1,\infty )$ is given as follows,
\begin{equation}
M(t) = \frac{1}{2\pi i}\oint _{\partial H_R} F(t/z)f(z)dz/z\ .
\label{h13}
\end{equation}
Furthermore f can be represented by the absolutely
convergent integral
\begin{equation}
f(x) = \int _o^\infty \exp (-\exp t)M(tx)\ dt\ ,
\label{h14}
\end{equation}
for any $x\in (0,R)$.\vspace*{0.3cm}\newline
\label{hth2}
\end{th}
The proof of the theorem is rather complicated.
Therefore, it is divided into several lemmas. However, an
importance of $F(t)$ is already seen from the subsequent
argument. If a function $f(z)$ is analytic in the horn $H_R$ and
continuous in $H_R$, then for any $x\in H_R\cap R$,
\begin{eqnarray}
\lefteqn{f(x) = \frac{1}{2\pi i}\oint _{\partial H_R} f(z)/(z-x) dz}
\nonumber\\
&& = \frac{1}{2\pi i}\oint _{\partial H_R} f(z)
dz/z \int _o^\infty \exp (-\exp t)\, F(tx/z)\, dt
\end{eqnarray}
Note that such a representation of $f(z)$ is impossible by
the Borel method. Note also that unlike the disc $C_R$ in
the Nevanlinna theorem the horn $H_R$ is not a star-like region
anymore. This is in general the main difference between the regions
of the asymptotic type $(0,\eta )$ and $(k,\eta)$ with
$k\geq 1$. This
difference means that with moment constant
summability methods one {\em cannot} recover $f(z)$ from its
asymptotic
series in the {\em whole horn} $H_R$ but only for
$z\in H_R \cap R$.
Physically this is not, however, a problem, since we are
expanding in real parameters (couplings).
Henceforth we shall follow Sokal's strategy of the proof of the
Nevanlinna theorem \cite{So}. Lemma \ref{rlm2} provides us with an
integral representation of the monomials
$t^n /\mu (n)$ for any positive $n$ and $t\geq 1$,
%
\begin{equation}
\frac{1}{2\pi i}\oint _{\partial H_R} F(t/z)z^n dz/z = \frac{t^n}{\mu
(n)},
\label{h19}
\end{equation}
%
where the integral is taken counterclockwise along the
boundary of $H_R$. The formula will be used to express
$M(t)$
(an analogue of $B(t)$) in terms of $f(z)$. To find the
minimal
domain of analyticity of $M(t)$ we shall need a bound
on $F^{(n)}(z_o )$ for $n$ tending to infinity (Lemma \ref{hlm3}).
Finally, after the Lemma \ref{hlm4} we shall give all
the lemmas together and complete the proof of Theorem \ref{hth2}.
\vspace*{0.3cm}\newline
\begin{lm} : For any $z_o$ such that $Re\ z_o>0$ and $n>0$,
%
\begin{eqnarray}
\lefteqn{ |F^{(n)}(z_o)| \leq const\, (n!/\mu (n))}\nonumber\\
& & \exp\left\{\frac{nx_o}{w(n)+1}\left(1+\frac{1}{w(n)}\right)- w(n)+x_o-1
+ {\cal O}(w(n)w'(n))\right\} ,\hspace{1cm}
\label{bac1}
\end{eqnarray}
%
where $x_o =Re\ z_o$.
\label{hlm3}
\end{lm}
{\em Proof} : Firstly,
%
\begin{eqnarray}
\lefteqn{F^{(n)}(z_o )/n! = (1/2\pi i)\oint _{C} F(z_o +z)/z^{n+1} dz}
\hspace{2cm}\nonumber \\
&& = (1/2\pi i)\oint _C \exp [\omega (z+z_o )-n\ln z] dz,
\label{h20}
\end{eqnarray}
where $C$ is a simple contour enclosing the origin.
Due to the properties of $\omega (z)$ (see (\ref{om}) and
Lemma \ref{rlm2}) if $| Im\, z_o|> \pi$ and if one takes
$C$ to be a contour of radius $1$ then one can show that
$|F^{(n)}(z_o)|\rightarrow 0$. Hence without any restriction
we can confine ourselves to the region where $| Im\, z_o|\leq \pi$.
In this region we shall evaluate the integral on the r.h.s of
(\ref{h20}) by the saddle point technique.
The saddle point of the integral is a critical point of the function
\begin{equation}
h(z) := e^{z_o +z} + z_o+z +\ln(z_o+z+1) -n\ln z,
\end{equation}
i.e., a solution to the equation
%
\begin{equation}
h'(z) = e^{z_o +z} + 1 + 1/(z_o +z+1) -n/z =0 .
\label{h21}
\end{equation}
%
By direct comparison of (\ref{h21}) with the defining equation
for $w(s)$ (\ref{h17a}), $w(s)e^{w(s)}\\ =s$, one anticipates that
for $n$ sufficiently large the solution $v(n)$ of (\ref{h21})
will be ``very close" to $w(s)$. Therefore we shall
look for the solution $v(n)$ of (\ref{h21}) in the form
\begin{equation}
v(n)=w(n)-z_o-\delta(n),
\end{equation}
where $\delta(n)$ is an unknown function to be determined. Such
parametrization will be shown to be justified as at the end of our
calculation we shall obtain an asymptotic expansion of $\delta(n)$
for $n\rightarrow\infty$, according to which the
dominant term $-z_o/w(n)\sim -z_o/\ln n\rightarrow 0.$
To prove this we shall slightly rewrite Eq.(\ref{h21}),
\begin{equation}
v(n)\left(e^{z_o +v(n)} + 1 + \frac{1}{v(n)+z_o +1}\right) = n ,
\end{equation}
and take logarithms of both its sides. Upon the
substitution $v(n)=w(n)- z_o -\delta$
and some manipulations (after one has expanded small terms
in logarithms) one gets,
\begin{equation}
\ln w -\frac{z_o}{w} -\frac{\delta}{w} +w-\delta+\frac{e^{\delta}}{e^w} +
\frac{e^{\delta}}{e^w (w-z_o-\delta)}\sim \ln n .
\end{equation}
By using the defining relation (\ref{h17a})
for $w(s)$, $\ln w(n) +w(n)=n$, and subsequent multiplication of both
sides of the last Eq. by
$we^{-\delta}/(w+1)$ one obtaines,
\begin{equation}
\left(\delta+\frac{z_o}{w+1}\right)e^{-\delta} \sim
\left(1+\frac{1}{w}+\frac{z_o+\delta}{w^2}\right)\frac{we^{-w}}{w+1}\cdot
\label{bu1}
\end{equation}
By using (\ref{uf4}) one finds that the last fraction on the r.h.s.
of (\ref{bu1}) is nothing but $w(n)w'(n)$. To get $\delta(n)$
in an explicite form one again takes logarithm of both sides
of (\ref{bu1}),
\begin{equation}
-\delta +\ln\left(\delta+\frac{z_o}{w+1}\right)\sim
\ln(ww') + \frac{w+z_o+\delta}{w^2}\,\cdot
\label{bu2}
\end{equation}
Dominant terms for $n\rightarrow\infty$ in (\ref{bu2}) are logarithms.
For a moment we shall
parametrize $\delta +z_o/(w+1)=ww' +\epsilon (n) ww'$, where
$\epsilon (n)$ is assumed to be a small number for sufficiently
large $n$. Under this assumption one gets by expanding
small terms in logarithm on the l.h.s. of (\ref{bu2}) that
\begin{equation}
\epsilon (n)\sim \frac{1}{w(n)} -\frac{z_o}{w(n)+1}\hspace{3cm}
(n\rightarrow\infty).
\label{bu3}
\end{equation}
Thus, the assumption that $\epsilon (n)$ is small for
$n\rightarrow\infty$ is justified and one arrives at the following
expression for $\delta(n)$,
\begin{eqnarray}
\lefteqn{\delta(n) = -\frac{z_o}{w+1}+ w(n)w'(n)\left(1+\frac{1}{w(n)}
-\frac{z_o}{w(n)+1}\right) + {\cal O}[(ww')^2]}
\hspace{7cm}\nonumber\\
& & \hspace{1cm} (n\rightarrow\infty ).
\label{bu4}
\end{eqnarray}
This is one of the most important relations to prove Theorem \ref{hth2}.
The asymptotic expansion (\ref{bu4}) justifies the statement made
at the beginning of our calculations that
$\delta(n) ={\cal O}(1/\ln n)\rightarrow 0$ provided $n$ tends to infinity.
Finally, by using (\ref{bu4}), one arrives at the following expression
for the solution $v(n)$ of (\ref{h21}) in the leading order in $n$,
\begin{equation}
v(n) = w(n) - z_o + \frac{z_o}{w(n)+1} + w(n)w'(n) +
{\cal O}[w'(n)] \hspace{0.5in}(n\rightarrow\infty ).
\label{uff5}
\end{equation}
Note that $z_o +v(n)$ approaches the real positive axis
when $n\rightarrow\infty$ , and a part of the contour of
the steepest descent nearby the saddle point is approximately a
{\em segment of the circle centered at} $z_o$.
After the saddle point evaluation of the integral one finds that
\[F^{(n)} (z_o)/n!\sim [v(n)v'(n)/2\pi ]^{1/2}
\exp [\omega (z_o +v(n))-n\ln v(n)].\]
Now we can calculate the behaviour of $n(\ln w(n)-\ln v(n))$
and $e^{z_o+v(n)}-e^{w(n)}$ for $n\rightarrow\infty$.
Both expressions are needed to establish the bound (\ref{bac1}) on
$F^{(n)}(z_o)$.
\[
n(\ln w(n) -\ln v(n)) \ =\ n\ln\frac{w}{v} =
n\ln\left[\frac{e^{z_o+v(n)}+1+1/v(n)}{e^{w(n)}}\right]\ =\hspace{2cm}\]
\[ n\ln\left(e^{-\delta}+e^{-w}+\frac{e^{-w}}{w-z_o-\delta}\right)
\sim\ n\left[(e^{-\delta}-1)+e^{-w}+\frac{e^{-w}}{w-z_o-\delta(n)}
\right]\ =\]
\begin{equation}
n[-\delta(n) +{\cal O}(e^{-w(n)})]\ = n\left[\frac{z_o}{w(n)+1} -
w(n)w'(n)-{\cal O}(w'(n))\right].\hspace{1cm}
\label{bu5}
\end{equation}
\begin{eqnarray}
e^{z_o+v(n)}-e^{w(n)} & =& e^{w(n)}(e^{-\delta}-1)
= e^{w(n)}\left[\frac{z_o}{w(n)+1}-w(n)w'(n)-{\cal O}(w')\right] \nonumber\\
&&=\frac{n}{w(n)}\left[\frac{z_o}{w(n)+1}-w(n)w'(n)-{\cal O}(w'(n))\right].
\label{bu6}
\end{eqnarray}
Thus, when we use that $e^{w(n)}=n/w(n)$,
\[
\frac{F^{(n)} (z_o)\mu (n)}{n!} = (vv'ww')^{1/2}
\]
\[
\exp\left\{e^{v+z_o}+v+z_o+\ln (v+z_o+1)-n\ln v -e^w +n\ln w\right\}=
\hspace{0.3cm}\]
\[
\exp\left\{\frac{nz_o}{w(n)+1}\left(1+\frac{1}{w(n)}\right)-w(n)-nw(n)w'(n)
\left(1+\frac{2}{w(n)}\right)+z_o+{\cal O}(w(n)w'(n))\right\}\]
\begin{equation}
\hspace{6cm}(n\rightarrow\infty ).
\label{h22}
\end{equation}
The factor $e^{-w(n)}$ in (\ref{h22}) is produced by $(vv'ww')^{1/2}$
as one can check by using (\ref{uf4}) and (\ref{uff5}).
$\Diamond$\vspace*{0.3cm}\newline
\begin{lm} : Let $x\in\,R$ and $z\in\,C$ be independent variables and let
$J_x (z)$ be the integral
\begin{eqnarray}
\lefteqn{J_x (z) := \int_o^1 \exp [-\exp (t/x)]F(tz) dt}\hspace{3cm}\nonumber\\
&& = \sum_{n=o}^\infty \frac{(xz)^n}{\mu (n)} \int_o^{1/x}
\exp (-\exp t)t^n dt .
\label{oi3}
\end{eqnarray}
Then we have
%
\[ \frac{1}{2\pi i}\oint _{\partial H_R} J_x (1/z)z^n dz/z
= \frac{1}{\mu (n)}\int _o^{1} \exp (-\exp t/x)t^n dt ,\]
where the integral is taken counterclockwise along the
boundary $\partial H_R$ of $H_R$.
\label{hlm4}
\end{lm}
{\em Proof} : The essence of the proof is to show that
the integration (\ref{oi3}) of $F(tz)$ does not spoil
the asymptotic behaviour of $F(z)$ too much.
Note that $x^n\int _o^{1/x}\exp (-\exp t)t^ndt$
behaves like $\exp [-\exp (1/x)]/(nx)$ provided $n$ is sufficiently
large (the asymptotic is given by the end point of integration here).
Thus one anticipates that $x$ will only produce an
overall factor to the asymptotic behaviour of $J_x (z)$ when
$z$ tends to infinity. This can be confirmed as in Lemma
\ref{rlm2}.
One uses the Euler-Maclaurin sum formula and finds that for
$\mid Imz\mid\leq\pi$ the asymptotic behaviour is
governed by a saddle point (provided one stays on an appropriate
curve for $\pi/2\leq\mid Imz\mid\leq\pi$ (see the proof of
Lemma \ref{rlm2})), which is here determined by the
equation
%
\[\ln w(s) + 1/s = \ln z .\]
%
Thus, the contribution $V_s$ of the saddle point is
%
\[V_s = \frac{(z+1)}{x}\exp\{\exp z[\exp (-\exp (-z)/z)] + 1\}
\hspace{1.5cm}(z\rightarrow\infty ).\]
%
By analogy with Lemma \ref{rlm2} one proves that for
$z$ tending to infinity and $\mid Im z\mid>\pi/2 +\varepsilon$,
$\varepsilon\>0$, function $J_x (z)$
tends to zero like $F(z)$ does. The proof of the
statement of the lemma is then trivial.
It amounts to using the Cauchy integral formula. Note that the
integral from $J_x (z)/z$ along a segment of
$\partial H_R^{-1}$, which starts at infinity and terminates at some
$z_o$ on the contour, converges even {\em absolutely}.
$\Diamond$\vspace{0.3cm}\newline
\subsubsection{Proof of Theorem 5}
\label{sub2:proof}
{\bf i)} Under the hypotheses of Theorem \ref{hth2} one easily proves
that the series (\ref{h11}) converges for
$\mid t\mid <1$. Let us consider the integral $d(t)$,
\begin{equation}
d(t) := \frac{1}{2\pi i}\oint_{\partial H_R} F(t/z)f(z) dz/z ,
\label{h24}
\end{equation}
where $t\geq 1$. Two remarks are in order. In contrast to the
Nevanlinna theorem one cannot use the integral on the
r.h.s. of (\ref{h24}) for $0<t<1$, as it is not possible to satisfy
both conditions that the contour of integration in (\ref{h19}) be
the contour which tends to zero on the boundary of $tH_r$
for some $r$, and at the same time lie in
$H_R$. Whenever $t\not\in R$
the integral is {\em identically zero} (by virtue of Lemma \ref{rlm2}).
Hence, it cannot yield an analytic continuation of $d(t)$ for $t\not\in R$.
{}From the properties of $F(z)$, it is immediately seen
that the integral on the r.h.s. of (\ref{h24}) converges for
$t>1$ absolutely and uniformly on any closed subset of
$(1,\infty )$.
For $t=1$ the integral converges by virtue of the
Abel-Dirichlet lemma. Hence, $d(t)$ is a $C^{\infty}$ function on the
interval $(1,\infty )$ and possesses the right derivatives
at the point $t=1$.
To prove that the series (\ref{h11}) converges at $t=1$, we
make use of Lemma \ref{hlm3} and rewrite $d(1)$ as follows,
\begin{equation}
d(1) = \sum_{k=o}^{N-1} \frac{a_k}{\mu (k)} +
\frac{1}{2\pi i}\oint_{\partial H_R} F(1/z)R_N (z) dz/z .
\label{h25}
\end{equation}
As the integration on the r.h.s. of (\ref{h25}) runs along the boundary of
$H_R$ on which $Re\ \omega (1/z)=const\ (=\omega (1/R))$
due to (\ref{je3}) the integral can be bounded from above as follows,
\begin{eqnarray}
\lefteqn{ \left|\frac{1}{2\pi i}\oint_{\partial H_R} F(1/z)R_N
(z)\ dz/z\right|
\leq (A/\pi )e^{\omega (1/R)}\mu (N) \int_{\partial H_R^+}
\exp (N\ln r)\ |dz|/r}\hspace{4cm} \nonumber\\
& & \leq 2A\, e^{\omega (1/R)}\,\mu (N)\exp(-N\ln (1/R))
\left(1+\frac{R}{N}\right).\hspace{1cm}
\label{pic1}
\end{eqnarray}
Here $\partial H_R^+$ means that we integrate along $\partial H_R$ in
the first quadrant.
Optimalization of the bound on the r.h.s. of (\ref{pic}) then amounts
to finding a solution $R=R(N)$ of the equation,
\begin{equation}
h(R):=-N\,R +\exp(1/R) +1 +\frac{1}{1+1/R} =0.
\label{joj}
\end{equation}
If one compares (\ref{joj}) with (\ref{h21}) then one finds that
(\ref{joj}) is nothing but (\ref{h21}) with $z_o=0$. Therefore the bound
on the r.h.s. is optimalized by the choice $R=1/v(N)$.
After distorting the contour of integration up
$\partial H_R$ with $R=1/v(N)$ and using (\ref{bu5},\ref{bu6})
we have,
\[
\left|\frac{1}{2\pi i}\oint _{\partial H_R}
F(1/z)R_N (z)dz/z\right|\leq \hspace{7cm}\]
\[
\leq 2A \exp\left\{e^{v} +1 +\ln (v+1)-N\ln v
-e^w +N\ln w-w/2\right\} \hspace{2cm}\]
\[
=2A\exp\left\{-Nw(N)w'(N)-w(N)/2-{\cal O}(Nw'(N))\right\}\hspace{3cm}\]
\begin{equation}
\sim 2A\exp (-3w(N)/2)\longrightarrow 0
\hspace{3cm} (N\rightarrow\infty ),\hspace{2cm}
\label{joj2}
\end{equation}
where we have used that $Nw'(N)\rightarrow 1$ if $N\rightarrow\infty$.
The term $-w(N)/2$ has its origin in the Gaussian prefector
$(2\pi ww')^{1/2}$ of the asymptotic of $\mu(N)$.
Thus, $M(1)=d(1)$. The same is also true for derivatives, i.e.,
$M^{(n)}(1_-)=d^{(n)}(1_+)$ for any $n\in N$. Indeed, if $f(z)$
satisfies SAC then the same SAC will also satisfy its
derivatives $f^{(n)}(z)$ (may be in a horn $H_R$ with different $R$). So
\[d^{(n)}(1_+) = \sum _{k=o}^{N-1} c_k /\mu (k) +
\frac{1}{2\pi i}\oint _{\partial H_R} F(1/z)R_N^{(n)}(z)dz/z,\]
where $c_k=(k+n)(k+n-1)...(k+1)a_{k+n}$, and the integral can be
estimated in the same manner as above.
To determine the minimal region of analyticity we express $d^{(n)}(t)$ as
follows:
\[d^{(n)}(t) = n!a_n /\mu (n) +
\frac{1}{2\pi i}\oint _{\partial H_R}F^{(n)}(t/z)R_{n+1}(z)z^{-n}
dz/z.\]
Now, using Lemma \ref{hlm3}, one finds that
\begin{eqnarray}
\lefteqn{\mid d^{(n)}(t)\mid\leq \mbox{const} F(t/R)\ n!}\hspace{1cm}\nonumber\\
&&
\exp [(t/R)(n/\ln n+n/\ln ^2 n)+2\ln w(n)+ {\cal O}(1/w(n))].
\label{h26}
\end{eqnarray}
One may justify that
\[\sum _{n=o}^\infty d^{(n)}(t_1 )(t-t_1 )^n /n! =
\sum _{n=o}^\infty d^{(n)}(t_2 )(t_2 -t)^n /n!,\]
whenever $1<t_1\leq t\leq t_2$, and $\mid t-t_i\mid <1$, where $i=1,2$.
Thus $M(t)$,
\[ M(t) = \left \{\begin{array}{ll}
\sum _{n=o}^\infty a_n t^n/\mu (n) & -1<t\leq1,\\
d(t)\hspace{0.8cm} & t\geq 1 ;
\end{array}
\right. \]
is shown to be analytic at least in the striplike region
$S_1$ (see Fig. \ref{fg6}).
\begin{figure}
\vspace{8cm}
\caption{{\em Minimal region of analyticity of $M(t)$.}}
\label{fg6}
\end{figure}
Bound (\ref{h12}) on $M(t)$ follows immediately from the
relation (\ref{h26}).
{\bf ii)} To prove the relation (\ref{h14}), let us consider the
integral
%
\begin{equation}
\frac{1}{x} \int _o^\infty\exp [-\exp (t/x)]M(t)dt ,
\label{h27}
\end{equation}
%
for any $x\in (0,R)$. The integral,
\[\int _1^\infty \exp [-\exp (t/x)]\ \frac{1}{2\pi i}
\oint _{\partial H_R} f(z)
F(t/z)\ dz/z\ dt,\]
is absolutely convergent. Therefore, the r.h.s. of (\ref{h14})
(the integral (\ref{h27})) can be recast into the form,
\begin{eqnarray}
\lefteqn{f(x) - \frac{1}{2\pi ix}\oint _{\partial H_R}
J_x (1/z) f(z)\ dz/z}\hspace{4cm} \nonumber\\
&& + \frac{1}{x}\sum _{n=o}^\infty \frac{a_n}{\mu (n)}\int _o^1\exp
[-\exp (t/x)]\ t^n\ dt.
\end{eqnarray}
Now we shall show that the last two terms cancel
each other. Indeed,
using Lemma \ref{hlm4}, one finds
\begin{eqnarray}
\lefteqn{\frac{1}{2\pi i}\oint _{\partial H_R} J_x (1/z)f(z)dz/z =
\sum _{n=o}^{N-1} \frac{a_n}{\mu (n)}\int _o^1\exp [-\exp
(t/x)]\ t^n\ dt}\hspace{4cm} \nonumber\\
&&
+ \frac{1}{2\pi i}\oint _{\partial H_R} J_x (1/z)R_N (z)\ dz/z\ .\nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
To show that the last integral vanishes in the limit
$N\rightarrow\infty$ one optimalizes the bound on the integral.
To do this one
chooses similarly like in, (\ref{pic}-\ref{joj2}),
the contour of integration to be
$\partial H_{1/v(N)}$. Then, in virtue of (\ref{h17a},\ref{h17b},\ref{r18}),
\begin{eqnarray*}
\left|\frac{1}{2\pi i}\oint _{\partial H_R} J_x (1/z)R_N
(z)dz/z\right|
\leq\frac{2A}{x}e^{-3w(N)/2} \longrightarrow 0
\hspace{1cm}(N\rightarrow 0).
\end{eqnarray*}
$\Diamond$\vspace*{0.3cm}\newline
\begin{cl} : Let
1) $M(t) := \sum _{n=o}^\infty a_n t^n /\mu (n)$ has
nonzero radius of convergence
and can be analytically extended on the real positive axis;
2) \(\mid M(t)\mid\leq const\ \exp (\exp (t/R))\) on the
axis.
Then
\[f(x) := \frac{1}{x}\int _o^\infty\exp (-\exp (t/x))M(t) dt \]
converges absolutely for $x\in (0,R)$ and
\[f(x)\sim\sum _{n=o}^\infty a_n x^n
\hspace{1cm} (x\rightarrow 0_+).\]
\label{hcl1}
\end{cl}
{\em Proof} : Use the Laplace method to evaluate the integral.
$\diamondsuit$Nucl.\ Phys.\
\subsection{Comparison of the new summability method with the
Borel method}
\label{sub:comp}
Using a recent
generalization of the Borel summability method \cite{M} and the
Nevanlinna theorem \cite{M1} one can easily find
series
which violate SAC in a horn-shaped region $H_R$ but they are Borel
summable (see
{\em Example 1} below). On the other
hand one can find series which are formally Borel nonsummable but
satisfy
SAC in a suitable kidney-shaped region (see {\em Example 2}). This
exemplifies the statement in the Introduction
that not the Borel (non)summability but the validity (violation)
of SAC prevents (indicates) the presence
of nonperturbative effects which may in some cases destabilize a
ground state. The first shows a series
which violates SAC if summed up to a function analytic
in the horn $H_R$ \cite{M1}, while it satisfies them if
summed up to a function
regular in a disc tangent to imaginary axis at the origin.
The main method for constructing them is to
use the new AMCSM based on the momenta (\ref{m3}) as a method for
{\em localization of singularities in the
complex plane}. Indeed, this method has a nice and rather feasible
advantage as compared with the Borel one - {\em it does not only see
beyond singularities}. The problem of finding singularities of a
function $f(z)$ which is defined by a convergent power series is then
reduced to the
problem of finding the asymptotic behaviour of its moment transform.
To find the asymptotic behaviour of the moment transform the
{\em Euler-Maclaurin formula} will be frequently used. It reduces the
above problem
to the problem of finding the asymptotic behaviour of an integral.
By our general results \cite{M,M1} we know that in general the $\mu$-transform
may have dangerous asymptotic behaviour (i.e., which may prevent
summability of its Taylor expansion) at worst on several (possibly infinite)
radial rays. This should be contrasted with the Borel
method - any singularity of $f(z)$ results in that the Borel transform
of its Taylor series grows up very strongly (such that the Borel
integral diverges) not only on the radial ray which passes through the
singularity but also in the whole sector bisected by this ray and with
the opening angle $\pi$.\vspace*{0.3cm}\newline
\begin{E} Let $S_1$ be a power series \(\sum _o^\infty a_ng^n \) with
\( a_n = (-1)^n \mu ^2 (n)\),
Then $S_1$ is Borel summable and satisfies SAC in the disc $K(0,R)$
but is not
$\mu $-summable and violates SAC in the horn $H_R$.
\end{E}
{\em Proof}: The Borel transform of $S_1$ is an entire function and hence
it is obviously analytic on a strip
$S_{\rho }:=\{t\mid dist(t,R_+ )<1/\rho \}$ for any
$\rho $, which is the first hypothesis of the Nevanlinna
theorem \cite{N,M,M1}. Now we use the
Euler-Maclaurin sum formula \cite{J},
\[ B(t) = \int_{\sigma}^\infty e^{s(\ln t+i\pi )}\frac{\mu ^2(s)}
{\Gamma(s+1)} ds +
O(\mid t^\sigma\mid ) \hspace{1in}(t\rightarrow\infty),\]
\noindent where $\sigma $ is a real number, $-1<\sigma <0$.
One finds that a saddle point of the Euler-Maclaurin
integral is at $s/w^2(s)=-t$. Thus the asymptotic of the integral is
dominated by a contribution of the end point and we arrive at the result
\[ B(t) \sim O(\mid t\mid ^{\sigma}) \hspace{1.5in}(t\rightarrow
\infty ), \]
in any sector with nonzero opening angle
$\mid\arg t\mid<\pi/2$.
Therefore the hypotheses of the Nevanlinna theorem are satisfied, $S_1$ is
Borel summable, and its Borel sum satisfies SAC in the disc $K(0,R)$.
On the other hand, the generalized $\mu $-transform $M(t)$,
\[ M(t) := \sum _o^\infty \frac{a_n t^n}{\mu (n)} =
\sum _o^\infty (-1)^n t^n \mu (n), \]
\noindent is undefined since it has zero radius of convergence,
i.e., the summability method for the
horn-shaped region $H_R $ in this case fails.
$\diamondsuit$\vspace*{0.3cm}\newline
\begin{E} Let us consider the series $S_2 = \sum _o^\infty a_n g^n $
with
\[ a_n = (-1)^n \Gamma (\alpha n +1), \]
\noindent where $\alpha = 1+\varepsilon $, $1>\varepsilon >0$, and
$\Gamma$ is the usual gamma function.
Then $S_2 $ cannot be summed up to a function maximal region the
analyticity of which is a disc tangent to the imaginary axis at the origin.
Hence it is not Borel summable and violates SAC in this region.
Nevertheless, it can be summed up to a function whose minimal region
of analyticity contains a kidney shaped region $K(\lambda ,R)$,
\[ K(\lambda ,R) = K^\lambda (0,R) := \{z\mid z^{1/\lambda}\in K(0,R)\},
\]
having an opening angle $\Theta = \lambda\pi$ with $\lambda\geq\alpha$,
$K(0,R)$ being the disc $Re(1/z)>1/R$, i.e., $S_2$ is
summable and satisfies SAC in
this region.
\end{E}
For the proof see \cite{GGS,N}. $\diamondsuit$\vspace{0.3cm}\newline
Eventually, we shall give an example just opposite to {\em Example 1}.
\begin{E} Let $S_3$ be a power series with co\-ef\-fi\-cients
\( a_n = a^n\mu (n) \), where \mbox{\(a=\mid a\mid e^{i\theta}\)} is a
complex number
with \(0<\theta <\pi /2\). Then the series $S_3$ is $\mu $-summable
but not Borel summable.
\end{E}
{\em Proof} : The Borel transform of $S_3$ is an entire function.
The position of a saddle point of its Euler-Maclaurin integral
representation is given by equation
\[ w=\ln (aue^{i(\phi +\theta)}),\]
where $t=ue^{i\phi }$, which means that the contribution $V_s$ of the
saddle point is
\[ V_s \approx \exp[au\exp(i(\phi +\theta))(\ln(au)-1+i(\phi +\theta))]
\hspace{1in}(u\rightarrow\infty).\]
Hence, the Borel integral diverges whenever $\theta<\pi/2$.
On the other hand
$\mu $-transform $M(t)$ can be calculated exactly,
\[ M(t) = \sum_{n=o}^\infty\frac{a_n}{\mu (n)}t^n = \frac{1}{1-at} , \]
and $S_3$ is transparently $\mu $-summable (see \cite{M,M1}).
If $3\pi/2\geq\theta\geq\pi/2$ then one can show that
\[\int _o^\infty e^{-t}\sum_{n=o}^\infty\frac{a_n}{n!} (tz)^n dt =
\int_o^\infty e^{-e^t}\sum_{n=o}^\infty\frac{a_n}{\mu (n)}(tz)^n dt,\]
since the real positive axis belongs to the Borel polygon of $M(z)$.
$\diamondsuit$\vspace*{0.3cm}\newline
The above examples demonstrate that there exist series which being Borel
summable are not $\mu$-summable and vice versa. They also show that
$\mu $-method \cite{M,M1}, in combination with the
Euler-Maclaurin sum formula, is a powerfull tool for looking for
singularities of analytic continuation of convergent power series in
the complex plane, since
in contrast to the Borel method $\mu $-method {\em does not only see beyond
singularities}.
Nucl.\ Phys.\
\subsection{Derivation of strong asymptotic conditions for variety
of regions}
\label{sub:dar}
To generalize SAC let us start with some
definitions.
\begin{df} Let S be the halfplane $Re\, z > 0$, and $C_R$ a disc
centered at the origin with
radius R. Denote $\bar{S}:=S\backslash C_R$ which will be called
the base region. A domain D of the complex
plane C will be called
of asymptotic type $(k,\eta )$, $k\geq 1,$ if there exist $R>e_{k-1}(1)$
such that $D=1/[\eta \ln_k(\bar{S})]$,
where $e_k $ is
the k-fold exponential, $e_o (x):=x,\ e_k (x)~:=\exp(e_{k-1}(x)),$
and $\ln_k$ is the k-fold logarithm,
$\ln_1 (z):=\ln z,\ \ln_k (z)~:=\ln (\ln_{k-1}(z))$. A
domain D of the complex plane will be called of asymptotic
type $(0,\eta )$ if $D=1/\bar{S} ^{\eta}$, where
$\bar{S}^{\eta}:=\{z\mid z^{1/\eta} \in\bar{S}\}$.
\vspace*{0.3cm}$\diamondsuit$\newline
\end{df}
To establish SAC for these
regions we shall start with the regions of asymptotic type
$(1,\eta )$.
The main result of this subsection is the following theorem.
\vspace*{0.3cm}\newline
\begin{th} Let f(z)
1) be regular in a region D of the asymptotic type
$(1,\eta )$
and continuous in its closure;\newline
2) have in D an asymptotic expansion
\begin{equation}
f(z) = \sum_{n=o}^{N-1} a_n z^n + R_N (z) .
\label{eq:bumas}
\end{equation}
If $R_N (z)$ satisfies the bound
\begin{equation}
\mid R_N (z) \mid \leq A\rho ^N \mid z\mid ^N
\exp[-\exp w(N)+N\ln w(N)]
\label{eq:b}
\end{equation}
%
with $\rho\leq\eta $, uniformly in
$z\in\bar{D}$ and $N$, $w(s)$ being the solution of
$w(s)\exp[w(s)]\\ =s$ \cite{M,M1}, then the asymptotic series
(\ref{eq:bumas})
determines $f(z)$ uniquely. The condition (\ref{eq:b}) is strong
in the following sense: if it is known that (\ref{eq:b}) is only
fulfilled with some $\rho >\eta$, uniformly in $z\in\bar{D}$ and N,
then there exists a nonzero function with the trivial asymptotic
expansion and the asymptotic series (\ref{eq:bumas}) does not determine
f(z) uniquely.$\Diamond$\vspace*{0.3cm}\newline
\label{sacth}
\end{th}
Note that $\exp\{-\exp w(N)+N\ln w(N)\}$ is, up to the factor
$[2\pi w(N)w'(N)]^{1/2}$ which arises from the Gaussian integration
around a
saddle point, precisely the asymptotic for large $N$ of
the moment function $\mu (N)$ (see (\ref{h17a}) above).
For regions of, roughly speaking, asymptotic type $(1,\eta )$ SAC have
been established in \cite{M1} in connection with a summability method
for the horn-shaped region $H_R$. Unfortunately, generalization of this
proof to more sharper horns seems to be cumbersome.
A rather brief derivation of SAC based on a slight modification of the
Phragmen-Lindel\"{o}f theorem and which can be straightforward
generalized to
sharper horn-shaped regions has been given in \cite{M2} and is briefly
repeated in Appendix.
One has only to replace $w(s)$ by
$w_k (s)$,
$w_k (s)$ now being the solution of
\[ w(s)\exp\{w(s)+...+e_{k-2}[w(s)]+e_{k-1}[w(s)]\} = s \]
(see \cite{M}). One can also consider other types of asymptotic regions
which
may be obtained, e.g., by more involved combinations of scaling
$z\rightarrow z/\eta$ and conformal
mappings like $z\rightarrow z^{1/\alpha}$ of $\bar{S}$, as well as some
other base
regions, etc. In general, however, to any given asymptotic region such a
moment sequence $\tilde{\mu }_k(n)$ will
correspond that fulfilling a bound
like (\ref{eq:b}) will ensure SAC in the region. We used the above
definition of the asymptotic types since the maximal region of
analyticity of four dimensional
renormalizable massless field theories has been suggested
to be at best just a region of the asymptotic
type $(1,\gamma )$, where $\gamma $ depends on the first
two coefficients
$\beta _1 , \beta _2 $ of the $\beta $-function and on the definition of the
coupling\footnote{For 't Hooft's
coupling, $\gamma$ is just $\mid\beta_1\mid$.}
\cite{'tH1,Wi,KR,GK}. This means that probably there is {\em no reason
to look at the Borel transform of the four dimensional
renormalizable field theories} since {\em the convergence} of the Borel
integral {\em contradicts} the horn-shaped region of analyticity
\cite{M,M1,W}
any way that the Borel transform on the real positive axis is defined
(e.g., in a {\em distributional sense} \cite{GGM}). In connection with
Theorem \ref{sacth} this means
that these theories (without UV cutoff) {\em cannot} satisfy SAC since their
analyticity in the complex coupling constant plane {\em is not} compatible with
the divergence of order $(n!)^\varepsilon$ of their perturbation theory
no matter how small $\varepsilon >0$ is.
Now we want to show
an important property of the class ${\cal K}$ of function
which obey the hypotheses of Theorem \ref{hth2} and \ref{sacth}.
Using asymptotic behaviour of $w_k(s)$ \cite{M} and the method of
\cite{M1}
one finds that the SAC we
are given preserve nonlinear perturbation conditions such
as unitarity of the Feynman series. Indeed, the following Lemma
holds.\vspace*{0.3cm}\newline
\begin{lm} : The class of function ${\cal K}$ is closed under
product, i.e., if $f_1 (z)$ and $f_2 (z)$ are two functions
from {\cal K}, then
\(g(z):=f_1 (z).f_2 (z)\in {\cal K}\) .
\label{hlm5}
\end{lm}
{\em Proof} : To prove the lemma it is sufficient to prove that
%
\begin{equation}
\lim _{N\rightarrow\infty}\sum _{k=o}^N \mu (N-k)\mu
(k)/\mu (N) <\infty .
\label{h28}
\end{equation}
%
{}From the Lemma \ref{rlm1} one can derive that if $N$ is sufficiently
large then for $q<N/2$,
\[\mu (N-q)/\mu (N)\sim\exp [-q\ln\ln N
-q/N-(q+q^2 )/(N\ln N)].\]
Thus, provided one choses a fixed $j$ such that the asymptotic formula to
estimate $\mu (s)$ for $s\geq j$ can be used,
\begin{eqnarray}
\sum _{k=o}^N \mu (N-k)\mu (k)/\mu (N)\leq
2\sum _{k=o}^{[\frac{N}{2} +1]}\mu (N-k)\mu (k)/\mu (N)\nonumber\\
\leq const\sum _{k\geq j}^{[\frac{N}{2} +1]}
\exp\left\{ -\ln\ln N \left[\frac{\ln k}{\ln\ln N} +
k \left(1-\frac{\ln\ln k}{\ln\ln N}\right)\right]\right\}.
\nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
The last bound gives transparently convergent series in the limit
$N\rightarrow\infty$, since its last term
behaves like \(1/[N\exp (N\ln 2/\ln N)]\) . $\Diamond$\vspace{0.3cm}\newline
The next two lemmas deal with the important case of
perturbation series with equal sign and alternating sign of
coefficients \cite{BGZ,GP,MO,GM,BGZ1}.
To formulate the lemmas let us firstly consider a general analyticity
region $D$ to which corresponds momenta
$\tilde{\mu}_k( n)$. Then one can meet the subsequent situations:
\vspace*{0.3cm}
\(\begin{array}{ll}
a) \forall t>0 \ :\ a_nt^n/\tilde{\mu} _k ( n)\rightarrow\infty &
\hspace{1in}
(n\rightarrow\infty );\\
b) \forall t>0\ :\ a_nt^n/\tilde{\mu}_k( n)\rightarrow 0 & \hspace{1in}
(n\rightarrow\infty);\\
c) \exists t\neq 0\ :\ a_n t^n/\tilde{\mu}_k( n)\rightarrow K\neq 0
& \hspace{1in}(n\rightarrow\infty).
\end{array}\)\vspace*{0.3cm}\newline
\begin{lm} Let S be a divergent power series with equal sign
coefficients. Then S violates SAC in any analyticity region D.
\label{slm2}
\end{lm}
{\em Proof} : In case a) the moment constant transform $\tilde{M}_k (t),$
\begin{equation}
\tilde{M}_k (t):=\sum _{n=o}^\infty a_nt^n/\tilde{\mu} _k(n),
\label{eq:trans}
\end{equation}
does not exist. In case b)
the moment constant transform is an entire function and hence defined
for all
complex $t$. It is clear that the maximum modulus of $\tilde{M}_k (t)$ for
$\mid t\mid\leq x$ is just $\tilde{M}_k (x)$. From simple
relation between the Taylor series coefficients and the maximum modulus growth
of entire functions based on the Cauchy integral formula \cite{J}
one can prove that the generalized moment constant sum does not exist,
since the integral
\begin{equation}
\int _o^\infty \exp(-e_k(t))\tilde{M}_k (zt^\rho )dt \label{eq:sum}
\end{equation}
diverges for all real $z>0$. The same is also true in case c) since
$\tilde{M}_k (t)$ is singular on the real positive axis. $\Diamond$
\vspace*{0.3cm}\newline
\begin{lm} Let S be a divergent power series with alternating sign
regular coefficients $a_n$, i.e., there exist an analytic function a(s)
in the
complex halfplane $Re\, s>\sigma$ such that $a_n=(-1)^na(n)$. Let $a(s)$
have parametrization $a(s)=\exp (s\ln b(s))$ with
\( sb'(s)/b(s)\sim O(1)\) (or o(1)) when $s\rightarrow\infty$. Let D be the
analyticity domain to which
the momenta $\tilde{\mu }_k ( n)$ correspond. Then in cases b) and c)
S satisfies SAC in D.
\label{slm3}
\end{lm}
{\em Proof} : In case b) the moment constant transform $\tilde{M}_k (z)$
is an entire function so the requirement of analyticity of $\tilde{M}_k
(z)$ to sum S is satisfied.
The Stieltjes moment function $\tilde{\mu}_k(s)$ can be shown
to be
nonzero in the complex halfplane $Re\, s>\sigma'$ for $\sigma'$
sufficiently
large \cite{M}. So, we can again use the Euler-Maclaurin sum formula to
find asymptotic behaviour of $\tilde{M}_k (z)$ for $z\rightarrow\infty$.
A contribution of the saddle point is proportional to
\[\exp \{e_k[\tilde{w}_k(s(z))]\}\approx \exp [e_k(-z)]\sim O(1)
\hspace{1in}
(z\rightarrow\infty),\]
\noindent where $s(z)$ is determined by the saddle
point equation
\(\tilde{w}_k(s)\exp [-a'(s)/a(s)]=-z:=-re^{i\phi}\). However, the saddle
point does not lie on the principal sheet and the contour of
integration cannot probably be deformed in such a way that the
asymptotic behaviour
of the Euler-Maclaurin integral be governed by it. Instead of that the
contour
of integration can be deformed in such a way that the asymptotic
behaviour
of the integral can be shown to be governed by the end point of
integration
\cite{J}. In any case, however,
\begin{equation}
\tilde{M}_k (z) \sim O(\mid z\mid ^{\tilde{\sigma}} ) \hspace{1in}
(z\rightarrow\infty),
\end{equation}
where $\tilde{\sigma}=\max \{\sigma, \sigma'\}$, i.e., the generalized
moment constant sum (\ref{eq:sum}) exists. In case
c) $\tilde{M}_k (z)$ is a meromorphic function regular on the real
positive
axis. To see this one may apply $\mu $-method \cite{M,M1} on the series
(\ref{eq:trans}). The $\mu $-transform of $\tilde{M}_k (z)$
is an entire function with alternating sign
regular coefficients and this case can be treated as case b).
Using the Euler-Maclaurin integral representation of the $\mu$-transform
$\tilde{M}_k (z)$ one finds
that $\mu $-sum converges $\forall\, t\geq 0$ even in a sector and is
absolutely
bounded therein. Therefore $\tilde{\mu}_k$-sum also exists in this sector
and satisfies SAC in $D$. $\Diamond$Nucl.\ Phys.\
\section{Applications}
\label{sec:appl}
\subsection{Summability methods and the Rayleigh-Schr\"{o}dinger
perturbation theory}
\label{sub:sum}
\subsubsection{Preliminaries}
\label{sub2:pre}
As some example of application of the summability methods
we shall consider the Rayleigh-Schr\"{o}dinger
perturbation theory \cite{RS,K}. We shall restrict ourselves to
the case of {\em relatively bounded perturbations} \cite{K}.
Let $T$ and $A$ be operators with the same domain space {\bf X} (but
not necessarily with the same range space) such that
${\bf D}(T)\subset {\bf D}(A)$ and
\begin{equation}
\| Au\| \leq a\|u\| +b\| Tu\|,\hspace{1cm} u\in{\bf D}(T),
\label{relb}
\end{equation}
where $a$ and $b$ are nonnegative constants. Then we shall say that $A$ is
{\em relatively bounded with respect to} $T$ or simply $T-bounded$. The
smallest lower bound $b_o$ of all possible constants $b$ in (\ref{relb})
will be called the {\em relative bound} of $A$ with respect to $T$ or simply
the $T-bound$ of $A$. If $b$ is chosen very close to $b_o$, the other
constant $a$ will in general have to be chosen very large; thus it is in
general impossible to set $b=b_o$ in (\ref{relb}).
Obviously a bounded operator $A$ is $T$-bounded for any $T$ with
${\bf D}(T)\subset {\bf D}(A)$, with $T$-bound equal to zero.
To consider relatively bounded perturbations is very natural since
{\em closedness, bounded invertibility, selfadjointness,
as well as some other properties} {\em are stabile
under relatively bounded
perturbation} \cite{K}.\v<|fim_middle|>S$-convergent. Similarly from the first inequality an $S$-convergent
sequence $\{u_n\}$ is $T$-convergent. If $\{u_n\}$ is $S$-convergent
to 0, it is $T$-convergent to 0 so that $Tu_n\rightarrow 0$ if $T$ is
closable; then it follows from the second inequality of (\ref{relb2}) that
$Su_n\rightarrow 0$, which shows that $S$ is closable. Similarly, $T$ is
closable if $S$ is. $\Diamond$\vspace*{0.3cm}\newline
Let $T$ and $A$ be operators from ${\bf X}$ to ${\bf Y}$,
$A$ being $T$ bounded (\ref{relb}).
If $T^{-1}$ exists and is a bounded operator from ${\bf Y}$ to
${\bf X}$ then $AT^{-1}$ is an operator on ${\bf Y}$ to ${\bf Y}$
and is bounded by
$$
\| AT^{-1} v\|\leq a\|T^{-1}v\| + b\|v\|\leq (a\|T^{-1}\| +b)\|v\|.
$$
If
\begin{equation}
a\|T^{-1}\| +b< 1
\label{a1}
\end{equation}
one can also show {\em stability of bounded invertibility} under
relatively bounded perturbation.
Indeed if (\ref{a1}) is valid then $S=T+A$ is automatically closed by
Lemma \ref{ulm}. One has
$$
S = T+A =(1+AT^{-1})T.
$$
and thus
$$
\| S^{-1}\|\leq\frac{\|T^{-1}\|}{1-a\|T^{-1}\|-b\|}\cdot
$$
In the Hilbert space one can show that selfadjointness is also stabile
under
relatively bounded perturbations. If $T$ is selfadjoint and $A$ is
symmetric and $T$ bounded with $T$-bound smaller than $1$, then $T+A$ is
also selfadjoint. In particular $T+A$ is selfadjoint if $A$ is bounded
and symmetric with ${\bf D}(A)\supset{\bf D}(T)$ \cite{K}. Note that the
assumption that the bound be smaller than $1$ cannot be dropped in
general. If $T$ is unbounded and selfadjoint, and $A=-T$, then
$T+A$ is a proper restriction of the operator $0$ and is not selfadjoint
\cite{K}.
An important example of a relatively bounded perturbation provides
the Schr\"{o}dinger operator in the $3$-dimensional euclidean space $R^3$
for a system of $s$ particles interacting with each other by the Coulomb
forces. In this case the formal Schr\"{o}dinger operator is the
$3s$-dimensional Laplacian $-\triangle$ and the perturbation $V(x)$ has
the form
\begin{equation}
V(x)=\sum_{j=1}^s\frac{e_j}{r_j} + \sum_{j<k}\frac{e_{jk}}{r_{jk}},
\end{equation}
where $e_j$ and $e_{jk}$ are constants and
\begin{eqnarray*}
r_j &=& (x_{3j-2}^2 +x_{3j-1}^2 +x_{3j}^2)^{1/2},\\
r_{jk}&=& [(x_{3j-2} -x_{3k-2})^2 +(x_{3j-1}-x_{3k-1})^2
+(x_{3j}-x_{3k})^2]^{1/2}.
\end{eqnarray*}
It can be proved that the minimal operator $\dot{T}$ constructed from the
formal operator $-\triangle$ is essentially self-adjoint with the
self-adjoint closure $H_o$. If $V$ denotes the maximal multiplication
operator $V(x)$ then it can be shown that $V$ is relatively bounded
with respect to $H_o$ as well as to $\dot{T}$ {\em with relative bound equal
to zero} \cite{K}.
\subsubsection{Setting up the problem}
\label{sub2:spe}
Henceforth we restrict ourselves to the ensuing problem.
Let $H_o$ be a closed linear operator acting in a Banach
space and let $V$ be another closed linear operator acting in
this space, which is relatively bounded with respect to
$H_o$. In addition let the bound satisfy (\ref{a1}) with $T$ replaced
by $H_o$.
We shall be interested in the resolvent operator
$R_\lambda (z):= (H_o + \lambda V - z)^{-1}$ defined
for $z$ not in the spectrum of
$H_{\lambda} := H_o + \lambda V$ ($\lambda\in C$).
Usual perturbation theory starts from the identity
\begin{equation}
R_{\lambda}(z) = R_o (z)[1 + \lambda VR_o(z)]^{-1}
\label{m4}
\end{equation}
by developing the geometric series
\begin{equation}
[1 + \lambda VR_o (z)]^{-1} = \sum _{n=o}^{\infty}
(-\lambda )^n [VR_o (z)]^n .
\label{m5}
\end{equation}
Under our assumptions, $VR_o (z)$ is a bounded operator, so
this series will converge in norm for $\|\lambda VR_o (z)\| <1$.
If $V$ is bounded then the condition can be replaced by
$\|\lambda V\|< d(z)$, where $d(z)$ is the distance of $z$ from the
spectrum of $H_o$.
Let us suppose that there exists a finite system
$\Sigma '(H_o )$ of eigenvalues of $H_o$, separated from
the rest of the
spectrum of $H_o$ by a closed curve $\Theta$ encircling
$\Sigma '(H_o)$. Then
there is a convex region $\Lambda$ of the complex plane,
containing the origin,
such that for all $\lambda\in\Lambda$ the spectrum
$\Sigma (H_{\lambda})$ of $H_{\lambda}=H_o+\lambda V$ is
likewise separated by $\Theta$ into a
part $\Sigma '(H_{\lambda})$ and a remainder. The
eigenvalues in $\Sigma '(H_{\lambda})$ are
analytic in $\lambda$ with only algebraic singularities
\cite{K}. The usual Rayleigh-Schr\"{o}dinger perturbation theory is
obtained by substituting (\ref{m4}-\ref{m5}) in the expression for
$P_{\lambda}$,
\begin{equation}
P_{\lambda} = \frac{1}{2\pi i}\oint_{\Gamma} R_{\lambda}(z)dz,
\label{prt}
\end{equation}
the {\em projection operator} onto the subspace associated with
the eigenvalues $\varepsilon _{\lambda}$ branching off from
$\varepsilon _o$ in $\Sigma '(H_o),$ where
$\Gamma$ is a contour encircling $\varepsilon _{\lambda}$
but no other points of $\Sigma '(H_\lambda )$ (see Fig. \ref{fg7}).
\begin{figure}
\vspace{8cm}
\caption{{\em Perturbation of eigenvalues.}}
\label{fg7}
\end{figure}
In the physical language if the contour $\Gamma$ encloses all
energy levels below the Fermi surface then $P_\lambda$ is nothing but the
Fermi projector or {\em density matrix} at zero temperature,
respectively.
To extend the region of convergence some summability method can be used
\cite{RS,44}. Reeken used the Borel summability
with $\beta =1$. As we have shown, $\mu$-method has a
bigger region of convergence, so that
an application of the method will provide a futher extension of
the Rayleigh-Schr\"{o}dinger
perturbation theory. Let $A$ be a bounded operator acting in
a Banach space. Consider an {\em operator-valued function} $f(z)$,
$$f(z) = \frac{1}{(1 + zA)}\cdot $$
Because of the Theorem \ref{rth1} (see also \cite{M}), it is true that
\begin{equation}
f(z) = \frac{1}{(1+ zA)} = \int _o^{\infty} \exp (-\exp t)
\sum _{n=o}^{\infty}\ \frac{(-zAt)^n}{\mu (n)}\ dt
\label{pac}
\end{equation}
for $z\in MLS(f)$. The r.h.s. of (\ref{pac}) can be defined by means of
the uniform
convergence of Theorem \ref{rth1} as a limit of entire functions. Due to
Theorem \ref{rth1} for any compact set $K\subset
MLS(f)$ and each $\varepsilon$ there is $t_o>0$ and an integer $N$ such that
$$
\left|f(z)-\sum_{n=o}^N \frac{z^n}{\mu (n)}(a_n \int_o^{t_o}
e^{-e^t}t^n\, dt)\right|
<\varepsilon
$$
uniformly in $z\in\,K$.
Thus
$$
\int_o^\infty e^{-e^t} \sum_{n=o}^\infty \frac{(-ztA)^n}{\mu(n)}\, dt=
\lim_{t_o\rightarrow\infty}\lim_{N\rightarrow\infty}
\sum_{n=o}^N (-zA)^n \int_o^{t_o} e^{-e^t}t^n\, dt
$$
as a {\em limit of entire functions}.
Any operator valued function can be defined on its $MLS$ in this
manner. Thus this
provides an alternative to the Dunford-Schwartz integral.
To define an operator valued
holomorphic function $f(z)$ on $MLS(f)$ as a limit of entire
functions one can also use some other AMCSM \cite{Mo,H}.
The singularities of $f(z)$ are just
such $z$ that $-1/z$ is from the spectrum $\Sigma (A)$ of $A$.
Therefore the r.h.s. of (\ref{pac}) will converge for $z=1$ if there are
no singularities on the segment $[0,1]$, or, if $-1/z\in[-\infty,-1]\not
\in\Sigma (A)$, respectively.
So,
the following Corollary holds.\vspace*{0.3cm}\newline
\begin{cl} : Let $A$ be a bounded operator acting in a Banach
space. Let $\Sigma (A)$ be the spectrum of $A$. If $\Sigma (A)$ is
contained in the complement of $(-\infty ,-1]$, then
%
$$\frac{1}{(1 + A)} = \int _o^{\infty}
\exp (-\exp t)\ \sum _{n=o}^{\infty}
\frac{(-At)^n}{\mu (n)}\ dt .$$
\label{mcl3}
\vspace*{0.3cm}\newline
\end{cl}
Note that the domain of application of the representation (\ref{pac})
strongly depends on the sign of the parameter $\lambda$.
Now, to extend the region of convergence of the
Rayleigh-Schr\"{o}dinger perturbation theory one has to locate the
spectrum of $\lambda VR_o (z)$.
The spectrum of $\lambda VR_o (z)$ for
$z\not\in \Sigma (H_o )$ is the set of all $\xi = 0$
such that $z\in\Sigma [H(-\lambda/\mu )]$; $\xi = 0$ may or
may not belong to the spectrum \cite{44}. To show this one uses identity
$$
[\lambda VR_o(z) -\mu]^{-1} = (-1/\mu)(H_o -z) [H_o+(-\lambda/\mu)V -z]^{-1},
$$
for $\mu\neq 0$.
If $z\in\Sigma(H(-\lambda/\mu))$ the second factor on the r.h.s. is
not defined. Thus $\mu\in\Sigma(\lambda VR_o(z))$. If $z\not\in\Sigma
(H(-\lambda/\mu))$ then the second factor is defined and its product
with the unbounded operator $H_o-z$ is a bounded operator on the
whole space.
{}From the above discussion and Corollary \ref{mcl3} we have the
Lemma \ref{mlm3} which converts the problem of covergence of the
$\mu $-sum for a given $\lambda$ to the problem whether $z$
belongs to the spectrum of some
class of operators $H_{\nu}$ or not.\vspace*{0.3cm}\newline
\begin{lm} : Let $H_o$ and $V$ be as above.
Then
%
$$[1+ \lambda VR_o (z)]^{-1} =\int _o^{\infty}\exp (-\exp t)
\sum _{n=o}^{\infty} [-\lambda VR_o (z)t]^n/\mu (n) dt$$
%
for all z which are not in the spectrum of
$H_{\nu}$ for $\nu\in\{\lambda u\mid u\in [0,1]\}$.
$\Diamond$\vspace*{0.3cm}.
\label{mlm3}
\end{lm}
Note that if $\lambda$ is a real number, as usually happens in
physical applications, then one has only to consider
a real parametric family of Hamiltonians in contrast to \cite{44}.
As a direct consequence of Lemma \ref{mlm3} and (\ref{prt}) one
arrives at the following statement :\vspace*{0.3cm}\newline
\begin{cl} : If for $\lambda\in\Lambda$ no one of the
branches emanating
from $\varepsilon _o$, since the perturbation parameter
$\nu$ varies on the
straight line segment $[0,\lambda ]$, crosses any other
branches starting from other eigenvalues in
$\Sigma '(H_o )$, then a
contour $\Gamma$ exists encircling $\varepsilon _o$ and
$\varepsilon _{\lambda}$ but no other
eigenvalues (see Fig. \ref{fg7}) such that
%
$$ P_{\lambda} = \int _o^{\infty} \exp (-\exp t)
\sum _{n=o}^{\infty} R_n
\frac{(-\lambda t)^n}{\mu (n)}\, dt ,$$
%
where $R_n$ is the residue of $R_o (z)VR_o (z)...VR_o (z)$ at
$\varepsilon _o$. $\diamondsuit$\vspace*{0.3cm}
\label{mth5}
\end{cl}
\subsection{Derivative analyticity relations}
\label{sub:der}
Finally, we shall consider the problem of derivative
analyticity relations (DAR) \cite{BK,KF}. Let us briefly sketch
the problem. The real and imaginary parts of the forward
scattering amplitude $F(E)$ in high-energy physics (or in
optics) are related by a dispersion relation of the form
\begin{equation}
Re\ F(E)/E = \frac{2E}{\pi}\ v.p.\ \int_{E^*}^\infty
\frac{Im\ F(E)}{E(E^2 - E_o^2)} dE,
\label{r39}
\end{equation}
where the pole terms and subtraction constants are for
simplicity omitted. A major ``shortcoming" of the dispersion
relation is that one has to know the imaginary part $Im\ F(E)$
on the whole infinite integration interval to obtain the
real part $Re\ F(E)$ at a given point. The problem of DAR is
that of relating the real and imaginary part of $F(E)$ at the
same point. To cope with it in the general case is quite
difficult. After the substitution $x=\ln E$, $x_o =\ln
E_o$, $k=\ln E^*$ and $f(x)=Im\ F(E)/E$ the integral on the
r.h.s. of (\ref{r39}) takes the form,
$$\frac{1}{\pi} \ v.p.\ \int_{k-x_o}^\infty
\frac{f(x+x_o )}{\sinh (x)}\ dx.$$
The solution of the problem of DAR is only known in a
special case where $f(x)$ can be analytically extended to an
entire function \cite{KF,ED}. Using the results of Section
\ref{sec:new}
one can establish the DAR for more general class of function
$f(x)$. In fact, under the assumption of regularity of
$f(z)$ on the real positive axis one arrives at the following
representation of the dispersion integral,
\begin{equation}
\frac{1}{\pi}\ v.p.\ \int_{k-x_o}^\infty dx \int_o^\infty dt
\exp (-\exp t) \sum_{n=o}^\infty f^{(n)} (x_o )\frac{(xt)^n}{
n!\mu (n)\sinh (x)},
\label{r40}
\end{equation}
because of Corollary \ref{rcl1}. If $f(x)$ can be extended to an
entire function, then $\sum_{n=o}^\infty a_n f^{(n)} (x_o)$
converges, where
$$a_n = \int_{k-x_o}^\infty dx \int_o^\infty dt
\exp (-\exp t)\frac{(xt)^n}{n!\mu (n)\sinh (x)}\cdot$$
One may then integrate term by term in (\ref{r40}), reproducing
the previous results \cite{KF,ED}. For the references and
recent status of the problem see also \cite{FK}. A different
question is that of the practical use of the extension because
the real positive axis is often the only place where a
scattering amplitude is singular.Nucl.\ Phys.\
\section{Conclusion}
\label{sec:con}
We have found a family of moment constant summability
methods $\mu _k$ which provide for $k\geq1$ an analytic
continuation of a function regular at the origin onto its
whole Mittag-Leffler's star, in contrast to the Borel
method (see Remark 2). These methods are
intimately connected with the Borel one, since for
$\alpha =\beta =1$ the Borel method is nothing but the
$\mu _o$-method.
The methods discussed above can be succesfully applied to
{\em convergent} as well as {\em divergent} perturbation series
which diverge like $(\ln n)^n$ or slower.
One may encounter such a situation when regularizing a theory on a
lattice \cite{OS,Se} or using a cut-off in space time or momentum
space \cite{FMRS1,GJS,S1}.
Of some interest is
also an expansion in the ``artificial" parameter proposed
recently by Bender et. al. in the $\lambda\phi ^4_4$ theory
and some other models \cite{67}, and which seems to be
convergent.
When some additional information is at disposal or provided
one deals with truncated series our
method can be made more powerful by combineing it with a
conformal mapping or the Pad\'{e} approximation
\cite{26,27,28,CF}. An interesting question is to
compare a numerical efficiency of the $\mu _k$-methods
with the Pad\'{e} or some other methods \cite{BG}. So far we
did not consider the possible generalization of the
$\mu _k$-methods to more variables \cite{AT}. Of some interest
is also the question whether
the Wynn $\varepsilon$-algorithm for calculating the Borel
integral could be adapted to the $\mu _k$-methods
\cite{Ma}, and whether the inverse of a $\mu _k$-summable
function is $\mu _k$-summable \cite{AM}.
It is obvious that the use of the above methods is not
confined to perturbation theory where the expansion parameter
is a coupling.
The method can be applied to the $1/N$ expansion
\cite{69} or to the $\varepsilon$-expansion
\cite{66} as well.
We have shown that the above given summability method
solves the problems ({\bf A}) and ({\bf B}), i.e.,
in the regular case provides an analytic continuation on the
whole Mittag-Leffler (principal) star and
can deal with the horn-shaped singularity as well. To our
knowledge it is the {\em first summability method
having these properties}.
We have discussed advantages and shortcomings of the method,
applications to the Rayleigh-Schr\"{o}dinger perturbation theory
which cover the very important case of the Schr\"{o}dinger
operator in $R^3$ for a system of $s$ particles interacting
with each other by the Coulomb forces \cite{RS,K}, and the
derivative analyticity relations \cite{FK}.
Like any analytic regular summability method our
method may also have a wide domain of applications. We shall not
give a list of them because the reader can easily judge
whether it is interesting for him or not.
An open question still remains how the summability
properties (both Borel's and ours) are transported in
equations such as the Dyson-Schwinger equations for Green's
functions \cite{'tH2} and the problem of summing a
perturbation series which violates SAC. To solve the last
problem one has however to have more (nonperturbative) informations
to pick up a physically plausible solution.
One could also establish analogous results by other
slightly modified Stieltjes moments of the form
\[\mu (n) := \int _o^\infty\exp (t-\exp t) t^n dt\, ,\]
etc. In this case one needs only to replace
$\omega (z)$ by
$\tilde{\omega}(z)=\exp z+\ln (z+1)$ and $H_R$ by
$\tilde{H}_R:=\{Re\tilde{\omega}(1/z)>\tilde{\omega}(1/R)\}.$
Note that in contrast to the previous case the boundary
$\partial \tilde{H}_R^{-1}$ of $\tilde{H}_R^{-1}$ approaches
the straight line $Im z=\pi /2$ from below (see Fig. \ref{fg5}).
We hope that a sufficient number of examples
have been given to illustrate that to draw physical conclusions
from the Borel (non)summability without knowing the region of
analyticity to which a power series expansion should be summed
up may sometimes be very dangerous.
We have also shown that to prove the Callan-Symanzik assumption about
the mass
insertion terms one needs generalized SAC, derived in the paper, which
applies to horn-shaped regions.
We then were able to formulate such conditions for a whole variety of
horn-shaped regions.
Finally, our method gives a generalization of \cite{S}
since Theorem \ref{hth2} together with Lemma \ref{hlm5} provide a
summability
mechanism which apart from invariance conditions and linear
covariances preserves also {\em nonlinear perturbative
conditions} such as {\em the unitarity} of the Feynman series.
We note that Theorem \ref{hth2} gives a generalization of SAC
in regards to \cite{S,N,So}. Indeed, by the theorem there cannot
exist a function which\vspace{0.3cm}\newline
i) is analytic in the horn $H_R$ and continuous up to
the boundary;\newline
ii) possesses there the asymptotic expansion (\ref{h10}) which has
equal sign coefficients $a_n$ for $n\geq n_o$.\vspace{0.3cm}\newline
We would like to point out that assertions of the type that
a quantity $Q_1$
equals another quantity $Q_2$ to all orders of
perturbation theory are very vague unless the SAC are shown
to be valid.
These SAC provide a complete generalization of Simon's work
\cite{S}. We have given arguments that four dimensional field theories
(without
UV cutoff) violate SAC and that probably there is no reason to look at
the Borel transform of these thories.\vspace{1cm}
\section{Acknowledgements}
First of all I should like to thank my parents for kind attention and
support.
I should also like to acknowledged friutful discussions
with members of our department.
I am indebted to J. Fischer for continuous interest in
my work and valuable comments, P. Ho\v{r}ava for discussions on
variety of physical problems, J. Ch\'{y}la,
P. Kol\'{a}\v{r},
S. Neme\v{c}ek, and J. Rame\v{s} for their help with computer
facilities, and Mrs. M. Bou\v{s}kov\'{a} for drawing pictures.
I take oportunity to thank J. Fuka for discussions about entire
functions which help me in derivation of the properties of
the new summability method in regular case as well as
V. \v{S}ver\'{a}k
for many stimulating discussions which help me
to derive the analogue of the Nevanlinna theorem for horn-shaped
regions. Discussions with C. Klim\v{c}\'{\i}k on various aspects of
field theories are also greatfully acknowledged.
I thank J.Magnen,
G.'t Hooft, and A.S. Wightman for encouraging correspondence,
CPT, Ecole Polytechnique at Palaisseau for their warm
hospitality and friutful discussions,
E. Seiler for kind hospitality in M\"{u}nich and discussions,
as well as A. Smith Albion for reading a relevant part of the thesis.
\vspace{1cm}Nucl.\ Phys.\
\section{Appendix}
| space*{0.3cm}\newline
\begin{lm}
Let T and A be operators from {\bf X} to {\bf Y}, and let A be
T-bounded with T-bound smaller than 1. Then S:=T+A is closable
if and only if T is closable; in this case the closures of T and S
have the same domain. In particular S is closed if and only if T is.
\label{ulm}
\end{lm}
Proof is rather simple. We shall use the treatment exposed, e.g.,
in \cite{K}.
In the inequality (\ref{relb}) we may assume that $b<1$. Hence
\begin{equation}
-a\| u\| +(1-b)\| Tu\|\leq\| Su\|\leq a\| u\| +(1+b)\| Tu\|,
\label{relb2}
\end{equation}
for ${\bf D}(T)$.
Let us recall that $T$ is closable if and only if
$u_n\in{\bf D}(T)$, $u_n\rightarrow 0$ and $Tu_n\rightarrow v$ imply
$v=0$. Applying the second equality of (\ref{relb2}) to $u$ replaced
by $u_n-u_m$, we see that a $T$ convergent sequence $\{u_n\}$ (that is
a convergent sequence $\{u_n\}$ for which $Tu_n$ is also convergent)
is also $ | 327 |
Ticket Alternative Coloring Contest (Anniversary Edition) by Graphic Designer, Angela Scarola.
The staff here at the awesome headquarters of Ticket Alternative pride ourselves on being obscenely creative and hilarious when it comes to our monthly coloring contests. With our artistic eyes and extreme love for puns (I'm serious, we LOVE puns) it is always a good time.
This month was the Easter themed coloring contest and also marked the one year anniversary of our very first TA coloring contest. We celebrated by opening it up to our UK office as well. Opening it up to our<|fim_middle|>il, & More! | UK office was a good and bad thing seeing as how they blew us out of the water with their crazy skills. I think we still win on the puns, though. See all the awesome entries below! A giant congrats to Ego for his winning egg design!
Ticket Alternative Weekend Picks! Cursive, School of Seven Bells, The Honky Tonk Easter Crawfish Bo | 78 |
Stream The Black Keys' First Album In 5 Years, "Let's Rock"
Peter Helman @_peterhelman | June 27, 2019 - 12:26 pm
The Black Keys started out as a scrappy blues-rock duo from Akron, Ohio. Somehow, they ended up as one of the biggest rock bands in the world. After completing their unlikely ascension to stardom with 2014's Turn Blue, their third Top 10 album in a row and the first to debut at #1, they took some time off. Dan Auerbach and Patrick Carney got married, had children, produced for other artists, started new bands, and released solo records. And now they're back.
"Let<|fim_middle|> Sound/Nonesuch Records. Pre-order it here.
Tags: The Black Keys | 's Rock," the Black Keys' first album together in five years, is also the first since their 2006 major label debut Magic Potion to not be produced by Brian "Danger Mouse" Burton. The duo wrote, recorded, and produced it themselves at Auerbach's Easy Eye Sound studio in Nashville, and they decided to discard all of the keyboards that have marked their last few outings, focusing instead on guitars, vocals, and percussion.
We've already heard a few songs from "Let's Rock" — "Lo/Hi," "Eagle Birds," and "Go." The Black Keys will head out on tour with Modest Mouse in September, and the rest of the album officially comes out tomorrow. But you can stream it in its entirety right now if you sign up to their fansite, so do that here.
UPDATE: The album is out now and widely available to stream.
"Let's Rock" is out 6/28 via Easy Eye | 197 |
How Important is Francisco Garcia to Houston Rockets' SF Depth?
Feb 19, 2014; Los Angeles, CA, USA; Houston Rockets guard Francisco Garcia (32) celebrates in the fourth quarter against the Los Angeles Lakers at Staples Center. The Rockets defeated the Lakers 134-108. Mandatory Credit: Kirby Lee-USA TODAY Sports
Last season, the argument could be made that Francisco Garcia was a crucial piece of the Houston Rockets' bench.
But that argument would be wrong.
Garcia did not shoot great percentages, which is a pity, because he doesn't bring a wealth of other skills beyond spotting up.
Garcia shot 40 percent from the field and 35.8 percent from three-point range. Garcia was ineffective from anywhere on the court, except the three-point line.
From 3-10 feet, he shot 38.9 percent from the floor, and in mid-range he was a liability at just 25 percent. While two-point field goals only accounted for about one-third of Garcia's attempts, he was horribly inefficient if he wasn't shooting threes.
And 35 percent is just decent enough to be a threat from three.
Garcia was cold blooded from 2007-10, when he shot over 39 percent from three-point range in three consecutive seasons. But Garcia fell off last season.
And it stands to reason he'll fall off even further; Garcia is 32 years old now.
He's had a good run after entering the league as a 24-year old rookie. That dictated his career would not be as lengthy as if he were an<|fim_middle|>ee shoots low percentages, but he could see those numbers rise in Houston's offense. He isn't a good three point shooter at 32.9 percent over his career, but he's also not high volume from behind the arc.
It's not absolutely crucial Garcia is signed, but both Gee and Kostas are unknowns of sorts.
Gee may never best his pedestrian numbers he posted in Cleveland, but Kostas could be a complete bust (though it is doubtful since he has already proven himself in Europe)…and then the Rockets would only be left with Trevor Ariza putting in big minutes every night.
The argument of bringing Francisco back on a one-year deal is this: Garcia is a safe bet, and and he gives the Rockets some assurance that at least one player backing up Trevor is NBA proven and ready. Garcia received $1.26 million last season and has no leverage to get more than the NBA veteran minimum this season.
The Rockets would be wise to bring him back as an insurance plan at small forward, if the price is still right. If he commands more than that, there's just no reason to bother with three small forwards and a real prospect in Kostas (who needs time).
It's a ho-hum situation for Rockets' fans, and is unlikely to make any major difference in the fate of this year's team. Daryl Morey is likely a bit ambivalent on the negotiations, too. | underclassman declaring for the draft. Even with his age working against him, Garcia was selected 23rd overall in 2005.
February 10, 2013; Sacramento, CA, USA; Sacramento Kings head coach Keith Smart (left) instructs shooting guard Francisco Garcia (32) during the fourth quarter against the Houston Rockets at Sleep Train Arena. The Kings defeated the Rockets 117-111. Mandatory Credit: Kyle Terada-USA TODAY Sports
During his prime, he brought another skill: great defense.
Garcia averaged over 1.6 steals per game in three straight seasons, and even still he plays passing lanes well. Sometimes, it is to the team's detriment, but that can be said about any player that makes those gambles.
All in all, just because Garcia played no role in the postseason with the Rockets (he scored 7 points in 22 minutes of play) doesn't mean he couldn't do that in the upcoming season.
He brings intensity and is a passable long range shooter. He knows the Rockets offense and knows how to play his role.
The only question is how far Garcia could fall on the depth chart.
Kostas Papanikolaou looks to be a prominent player at the 3-spot for Houston, especially since he is receiving over $4 million this season. Alonzo Gee is more athletic than Garcia— and almost as athletic as Kostas. He's also entering his prime, rather than exiting it (Gee is 26).
Trevor Ariza is, of course, the undisputed starter at small forward.
Apr 12, 2014; Cleveland, OH, USA; Cleveland Cavaliers forward Alonzo Gee (center) dunks against Boston Celtics center Joel Anthony (50) and forward Jeff Green (8) in the fourth quarter at Quicken Loans Arena. Mandatory Credit: David Richard-USA TODAY Sports
If Kostas and Gee are adequate as backups, there isn't a lot of sense in spending more money on Garcia. Gee averaged double figures in scoring in back-to-back seasons with the Cleveland Cavaliers, before falling out of favor last season and starting just 24 games out of 65. In 2012-13, he started all 82 games for Cleveland, averaging 10.3 points per game, 3.9 rebounds, 1.3 steals and 1.8 assists.
G | 515 |
Has Closed Its Doors. Skintastic Can Help.
When you get a tattoo, a<|fim_middle|> who have explored this method have found that 2 passes was almost as effective with less damage to the skin. Not every tattoo is a candidate for this method, if you are interested in the R20 method be sure to let your specialist know during your consultation!
Tatt Not Off?Skintastic Can Help. | large ink molecule is deposited into the second layer of your skin. Though the tattoo may fade slightly over time, due to sun exposure and other internal factors, your tattoo is meant to be permanent.
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Developed in 2011 by Dr. Theodora Kossida in Greece, the R20 method can greatly decrease the number of treatments required to remove a tattoo, in some cases requiring only a single treatment.
The R20 method is NOT a laser but rather a tattoo removal technique. The method employs multiple passes to a single tattoo spaced 20 minutes apart to achieve greater ink reduction then the commonly used single pass method.
The R20 study was only done on 18 tattoos on 12 patients. Most were black amateur tattoos, and did not include much color or professional tattoos done in a shop. Due to the size of the study and tattoos treated there is much more research that will need to be done to perfect this method.
Though in the original study 4 passes were used, others | 669 |
Haskins Laboratories, Inc. is an independent 501(c) non-profit corporation, founded in 1935 and located in New Haven, Connecticut, since 1970. Haskins has formal affiliation agreements with both Yale University and the University of Connecticut; it remains fully independent, administratively and financially, of both Yale and UConn. Haskins is a multidisciplinary and international community of researchers that conducts basic research on spoken and written language. A guiding perspective of their research is to view speech and language as emerging from biological processes, including those of adaptation, response to stimuli, and conspecific interaction. Haskins Laboratories has a long history of technological and theoretical innovation, from creating systems of rules for speech synthesis and development of an early working prototype of a reading machine for the blind to developing the landmark concept of phonemic awareness as the critical preparation for learning to read an alphabetic writing system.
Research tools and facilities
Haskins Laboratories is equipped, in-house, with a comprehensive suite of tools and capabilities to advance its mission of research into language and literacy. As of 2014, these included:
Anechoic chamber
Electroencephalography
BioSemi 264 electrode, 24 bit Active Two System
EGI 128 electrode, Geodesic EEG System 300
Electromagnetic articulography (EMMA)
Carstens AG501
NDI WAVE
Eye tracking: HL is equipped with 3 SR Research eye-trackers.
2 Model Eyelink 1000 systems.
1 Model Eyelink 1000plus system.
Magnetic resonance imaging: Haskins has access to MRI scanners through agreements with the University of Connecticut and the Yale School of Medicine. On-site, HL has a Linux computer cluster dedicated to analysis of MRI data.
Motion capture: HL is equipped with a Vicon motion capture system with one Basler high-speed digital camera, six Vicon MX T-20 cameras and a Vicon MX Giganet for synching camera data and connecting cameras to the data capture computer.
Near infrared spectroscopy: HL has a TechEn CW6 8x8 system (four emitters; eight detectors).
Ultrasound sonogram
History
Many researchers have contributed to scientific breakthroughs at Haskins Laboratories since its founding. All of them are indebted to the pioneering work and leadership of Caryl Parker Haskins, Franklin S. Cooper, Alvin Liberman, Seymour Hutner and Luigi Provasoli. The history presented here focuses on the research program of the division of Haskins Laboratories that, since the 1940s, has been most well known for its work in the areas of speech, language, and reading.
1930s
Caryl Haskins and Franklin S. Cooper established Haskins Laboratories in 1935. It was originally affiliated with Harvard University, MIT, and Union College in Schenectady, NY. Caryl Haskins conducted research in microbiology, radiation physics, and other fields in Cambridge, MA and Schenectady. In 1939 Haskins Laboratories moved its center to New York City. Seymour Hutner joined the staff to set up a research program in microbiology, genetics, and nutrition. The descendant of the division led by Hutner program eventually became a department of Pace University in New York. The two identically named organizations are no longer formally affiliated.
1940s
The U. S. Office of Scientific Research and Development, under Vannevar Bush asked Haskins Laboratories to evaluate and develop technologies for assisting blinded World War II veterans. Experimental psychologist Alvin Liberman joined Haskins Laboratories to assist in developing a "sound alphabet" to represent the letters in a text for use in a reading machine for the blind. Luigi Provasoli joined Haskins Laboratories to set up a research program in marine biology. The program in marine biology moved to Yale University in 1970 and disbanded with Provasoli's retirement in 1978.
1950s
Franklin S. Cooper invented the pattern playback, a machine that converts pictures of the acoustic patterns of speech back into sound. With this device, Alvin Liberman, Cooper, and Pierre Delattre (and later joined by Katherine Safford Harris, Leigh Lisker, Arthur Abramson, and others), discovered the acoustic cues for the perception of phonetic segments (consonants and vowels). Liberman and colleagues proposed a motor theory of speech perception to resolve the acoustic complexity: they hypothesized that we perceive speech by tapping into a biological specialization, a speech module, that contains knowledge of the acoustic consequences of articulation. Liberman, aided by Frances Ingemann and others, organized the results of the work on speech cues into a groundbreaking set of rules for speech synthesis by the Pattern Playback.
1960s
Franklin S. Cooper and Katherine Safford Harris, working with Peter MacNeilage, were the first researchers in the U.S. to use electromyographic techniques, pioneered at the University of Tokyo, to study the neuromuscular organization of speech. Leigh Lisker and Arthur Abramson looked for simplification at the level of articulatory action in the voicing of certain contrasting consonants. They showed that many acoustic properties of voicing contrasts arise from variations in voice onset time, the relative phasing of the onset of vocal cord vibration and the end of a consonant. Their work has been widely replicated and elaborated, here and abroad, over the following decades. Donald Shankweiler and Michael Studdert-Kennedy used a dichotic listening technique (presenting different nonsense syllables simultaneously to opposite ears) to demonstrate the dissociation of phonetic (speech) and auditory (nonspeech) perception by finding that phonetic structure devoid of meaning is an integral part of language, typically processed in the left cerebral hemisphere. Liberman, Cooper, Shankweiler, and Studdert-Kennedy summarized and interpreted fifteen years of research in "Perception of the Speech<|fim_middle|>: Proceedings of a Conference to Honor Alvin M. Liberman. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum: 1991. (Paperback, )
Patrick W. Nye, Smithsonian Speech Synthesis History Project, August 1, 1989.
Malcolm Slaney. Pattern playback from 1950 to 1995. Proceedings of the 1995 IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Conference, October 22–25, 1995, Vancouver, Canada. Copyright 1995, IEEE.
Notes
External links
Cognitive science research institutes
Research institutes in Connecticut
Biological research institutes in the United States
Linguistics organizations
Organizations established in 1935
Phonetics
Phonology
Speech recognition
Speech synthesis
Yale University
University of Connecticut
Non-profit organizations based in Connecticut
501(c)(3) organizations | Code", still among the most cited papers in the speech literature. It set the agenda for many years of research at Haskins and elsewhere by describing speech as a code in which speakers overlap (or coarticulate) segments to form syllables. Researchers at Haskins connected their first computer to a speech synthesizer designed by Haskins Laboratories' engineers. Ignatius Mattingly, with British collaborators, John N. Holmes and J.N. Shearme, adapted the Pattern playback rules to write the first computer program for synthesizing continuous speech from a phonetically spelled input. A further step toward a reading machine for the blind combined Mattingly's program with an automatic look-up procedure for converting alphabetic text into strings of phonetic symbols.
1970s
In 1970, Haskins Laboratories moved to New Haven, Connecticut, and entered into affiliation agreements with Yale University and the University of Connecticut; Haskins remains fully independent of both Yale and UConn, administratively and financially. The lab's original location in New Haven, at 270 Crown Street (from 1970 to 2005), was leased from Yale University. Isabelle Liberman, Donald Shankweiler, and Alvin Liberman teamed up with Ignatius Mattingly to study the relationship between speech perception and reading, a topic implicit in Haskins Laboratories' research program since its inception. They developed the concept of phonemic awareness, the knowledge that would-be readers must be aware of the phonemic structure of their language in order to be able to read. Leonard Katz related the work to contemporary cognitive theory and provided expertise in experimental design and data analysis. Under the broad rubric of the "alphabetic principle", this is the core of the lab's present program of reading pedagogy. Patrick Nye joined Haskins Laboratories to lead a team working on the reading machine for the blind. The project culminated when the addition of an optical character recognizer allowed investigators to assemble the first automatic text-to-speech reading machine. By the end of the decade this technology had advanced to the point where commercial concerns assumed the task of designing and manufacturing reading machines for the blind .
In 1973, Franklin S. Cooper was selected to form a panel of six experts charged with investigating the famous 18-minute gap in the White House office tapes of President Richard Nixon related to the Watergate scandal.
Building on earlier work, Philip Rubin developed the sinewave synthesis program, which was then used by Robert Remez, Rubin, and colleagues to show that listeners can perceive continuous speech without traditional speech cues from a pattern of sinewaves that track the changing resonances of the vocal tract. This paved the way for a view of speech as a dynamic pattern of trajectories through articulatory-acoustic space. Philip Rubin and colleagues developed Paul Mermelstein's anatomically simplified vocal tract model, originally worked on at Bell Laboratories, into the first articulatory synthesizer that can be controlled in a physically meaningful way and used for interactive experiments.
1980s
Studies of different writing systems supported the controversial hypothesis that all reading necessarily activates the phonological form of a word before, or at the same time, as its meaning. Work included experiments by Georgije Lukatela, Michael Turvey, Leonard Katz, Ram Frost, Laurie Feldman, and Shlomo Bentin, in a variety of languages. Cross-language work on reading, including investigations of the brain process involved, remains a large part of Haskins Laboratories' program today.
Various researchers developed compatible theoretical accounts of speech production, speech perception and phonological knowledge. Carol Fowler proposed a direct realism theory of speech perception: listeners perceive gestures not by means of a specialized decoder, as in the motor theory, but because information in the acoustic signal specifies the gestures that form it. J. A. Scott Kelso and colleagues demonstrated functional synergies in speech gestures experimentally. Elliot Saltzman developed a dynamical systems theory of synergetic action and implemented the theory as a working model of speech production. Linguists Catherine Browman and Louis Goldstein developed the theory of articulatory phonology, in which gestures are the basic units of both phonetic action and phonological knowledge. Articulatory phonology, the task dynamic model, and the articulatory synthesis model are combined into a gestural computational model of speech production.
1990s
Katherine Safford Harris, Frederica Bell-Berti and colleagues studied the phasing and cohesion of articulatory speech gestures. Kenneth Pugh was among the first scientists to use functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to reveal brain activity associated with reading and reading disabilities. Pugh, Donald Shankweiler, Weija Ni, Einar Mencl, and colleagues developed novel applications of neuroimaging to measure brain activity associated with understanding sentences. Philip Rubin, Louis Goldstein and Mark Tiede designed a radical revision of the articulatory synthesis model, known as CASY the configurable articulatory synthesizer. This 3-dimensional model of the vocal tract permits researchers to replicate MRI images of actual speakers. Douglas Whalen, Goldstein, Rubin and colleagues extended this work to study the relation between speech production and perception. Donald Shankweiler, Susan Brady, Anne Fowler, and others explored whether weak memory and perception in poor readers are tied specifically to phonological deficits. Evidence rejected broader cognitive deficits underlying reading difficulties and raised questions about impaired phonological representations in disabled readers.
2000s
In 2000, Anne Fowler and Susan Brady launched the Early Reading Success (ERS) program, part of the Haskins Literacy Initiative which promotes the science of teaching reading. The ERS program was a demonstration project examining the efficacy of professional development in reading instruction for teachers of children in kindergarten through second grade. The Mastering Reading Instruction program, which combines professional development with Haskins-trained mentors, was a continuation of ERS. David Ostry and colleagues explored the neurological underpinning of motor control using a robot arm to influence jaw movement. Douglas Whalen and Khalil Iskarous pioneered the pairing of ultrasound, used here to monitor articulators that cannot be seen, and Optotrak, an opto-electronic position-tracking device, used here to monitor visible articulators. Christine Shadle joined Haskins in 2004 to head up a project investigating the speech production goals for fricatives. Donald Shankweiler and David Braze developed an eye movement laboratory that combines eye tracking data with brain activity measures for investigating reading processes in normal and disabled readers. Laura Koenig and Jorge C. Lucero studied the development of laryngeal and aerodynamic control in children's speech. In March 2005 Haskins Laboratories moved to a new, state-of-the-art facility on the 9th floor of a commercial building at 300 George Street in New Haven. This provides about 11,000 square feet of office and lab space. In 2008, Ken Pugh of Yale University was named President and Director of Research, succeeding Carol Fowler who remains at Haskins as a Senior Advisor. In 2009, Haskins released a new Strategic Plan featuring new Birth-to-Five and Bilingualism initiatives.
2010s
The Haskins Training Institute was established in 2011 to provide direct educational opportunities in Haskins Laboratories' core areas of research (language, speech perception, speech production, literacy). The Training Institute serves to communicate this knowledge to the public through accessible seminars, small conferences, and intern and training positions.
In December 2015, Haskins Laboratories convened a Global Literacy Summit. This was a three-day meeting of scientists and representatives from governmental and non-governmental organizations around the globe, who are working with programs in the developing world to support literacy and education in disadvantaged populations.
In 2016, Richard N. Aslin joined Haskins, after leaving the University of Rochester.
In 2019, David Lewkowicz joined Haskins after leaving Northeastern University.
See also (people)
See also (topics)
References
Frederica Bell-Berti. Producing Speech: Contemporary Issues, for Katherine Safford Harris. Springer, 1995.
Gloria J. Borden and Katherine S. Harris. Speech Science Primer: Physiology, Acoustics, and Perception of Speech. Second Edition. Williams & Williams, Baltimore, MD, 1984.
Alice B. Dadourian. A Bio-Biography of Caryl Parker Haskins. Yvonix, New Haven, Connecticut, 2000.
Haskins Laboratories. The Science of the Spoken and Written Word. Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, CT, 2005.
James F. Kavanagh and Ignatius G. Mattingly (eds.), Language by Ear and by Eye: The Relationships between Speech and Reading. The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA: 1972. (Paperback edition, 1974, ).
Alvin M. Liberman. Speech: A Special Code. The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA: 1996.
A. M. Liberman, F. S. Cooper, D. S. Shankweiler, and M. Studdert-Kennedy. Perception of the speech code. Psychological Review, 74, 1967, 431-461.
A. M., Liberman, A. M., K. S. Harris, H. S. Hoffman & B. C. Griffith. The discrimination of speech sounds within and across phoneme boundaries. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 54, 358 - 368, 1957.
Ignatius G. Mattingly & Michael Studdert-Kennedy (Eds.), Modularity and the Motor Theory of Speech Perception | 2,061 |
In<|fim_middle|> is poured into stainless steel vats, where it undergoes maceration along with skins at a temperature of 12°C for few hours. After skin separation, alcoholic fermentation begins and goes on for about 15 days at a temperature of 15-16°C; this temperature is needed to preserve the wine's delicate flavour. Later on, a refinement takes place in stainless steel vats until February after the harvest. No oak treatment.
Food Match : Light cheeses, risottos, fish and chicken.
Tasting Notes: This simple and elegant Gavi from Olim Bauda boasts a stunning bouquet of floral notes and soft citrus fruits. A fresh and dry white wine, the crisp floral notes, with hints of underlying minerality lead through to a piercingly pure finish. | 2000 the three current owners, all siblings, decided to revive the estate and re-establish Tenuta Olim Bauda as one of Piedmont's top producers. With a little help from the famous consultant Beppe Caviola, and the acquisition of a prime site in the Gavi di Gavi DOC, they have produced a range of Gavi and Barbera d'Asti that have won huge acclaim including 3 Bichieri from the Gambero Rosso for the last 3 vintages of the top Barbera 'Nizza' and 92 points from Robert Parker. Viticulture- Sustainable agricultural practices, following the rules for integrated farming which prohibit the use of herbicides. Rigorous green harvesting and bunch selection in the vineyards ensure that only perfectly ripe fruit is harvested. Winemaking- Grape are destemmed and pressed. The must | 181 |
HOME > Overture Publishing > Overture Opera Guides: The Wagner Collection
Overture Opera Guides: The Wagner Collection
Overture Opera Guides: The Wagner Collection quantity
A special collection of the three Richard Wagner Overture Opera Guides – Librettos in German with a facing literal translation:
Der fliegende Holländer – The Flying Dutchman (In Association with English National Opera)
The present guide contains the full German libretto and English translation by Lionel Salter, thirty-one black and white and colour illustrations, a musical thematic guide, a discography, a bibliography, and DVD and website guides. It is intended to enrich and<|fim_middle|>587x3 Categories: Collections, Overture Opera Guides (In association with English National Opera) Tags: cycle, German, Libretto, Ride of the Valkyries, the ring, Wagner
Richard Wagner (1813–83) was a composer who drew inspiration from Christian and Nordic mythology, as well as the philosophy of Schopenhauer, to pioneer dramatically new forms of music. His concept of the "Total Artwork" led to the construction of the Bayreuth Festspielhaus, an opera house he designed specifically for productions of his own operas. He also wrote widely on music and art. His operas include Tristan und Isolde, Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg and the four parts of Der Ring des Nibelungen.
Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg (The Mastersingers of Nuremberg)
Der fliegende Holländer (The Flying Dutchman)
Tristan und Isolde (Tristan and Isolde)
Götterdämmerung (Twilight of the Gods)
Die Walküre (The Valkyrie)
Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg – The Mastersingers of Nuremberg (In Association with English National Opera) – Av.19/01/21
Das Rhinegold (The Rhinegold) | extend readers' appreciation and enjoyment of this exciting work by one of the world's greatest opera composers.
Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg – The Mastersingers of Nuremberg (In Association with English National Opera) – Av. 15/01/21
The guide contains articles on the complex historical and political background to the opera, a detailed examination of its musical structure and a survey of its sometimes contentious performance history. Further articles explore some of the work's roots in the poetry of Schiller and the vexed question of the extent to which Wagner's virulent anti-Semitism may be said to be present in the opera. The guide also includes the full libretto with English translation, sixteen pages of illustrations, a musical thematic guide, a discography, a bibliography and DVD and website guides.
Parsifal (In Association with English National Opera)
The present edition contains a literal translation of the libretto opposite the original German text, a number of photographs covering a wide chronology to the present day, a comprehensive thematic guide, a bibliography and discography, as well as DVD and website guides. It will prove an essential companion for anyone seeking a deeper understanding of Wagner's final masterpiece.
SKU: 9781847495 | 259 |
Stories are how humans make sense of their lives. "She chose this, which caused that, which caused him to choose this…" Since the dawn of time, we have shaped our cultures around stories. Every strong organization—whether a nation, a company or a family—has a founding story. Many have described political races as a contest between stories. Each of the religions of the world proposes a story to explain reality (including atheism).
I believe this so much that I wrote my book, How To Fail as a Leader, as a fable. The point of the book is to help leaders wrestle with the tension between the big picture and the details, the long-term and the short-term. It would have been much easier to write the ideas down by themselves. But I believed that a story would make these ideas come to life. So I wrote a meaningful story with rich characters and real surprises (not just a thin, weak story like many fable have—including my first book) and it took the book to a whole new level.
1) Stories broaden<|fim_middle|> enhance the flow of communication up, down and across the organization's pyramid of power.
1) Stories create positive brand awareness in the public's mind.
2) Stories can literally create new markets and new movements.
3) Stories move people to action.
What's story do you use to explain the world? What story explains why your company needs to exist? What story is defining your family right now? | and deepen a leaders wisdom, asking them to fuse hard and soft data into a meaningful whole.
2) Stories guide you through the implementation of a strategy the way a great author guides the reader through a novel.
1) Stories help you to speak in a human voice that creates empathy between employer and employee, building engagement in the work.
2) Stories inspire teamwork within and across departments.
3) Stories | 80 |
Hot, melty, crunchy! Those three words describe the essence of a delicious Panini.
A Panini is not your average sandwich of meat and<|fim_middle|> appliance manufacturers decided to create a smaller version of the commercial press so people can make the sandwiches recipes in their own kitchens.
Also, consider the press's size. How many Panini sandwiches can it cook at a time? What thickness can it accommodate? How much space will it take up in terms of storage and/or counter.
With an adjustable thermostat that reaches up to 570 degrees Fahrenheit, this press can handle just about any sandwich combination you can come up with. A nearly 10-x-10-inch grill area should hold at least two sandwiches. A drip tray catches stray juices and allows for quick cleaning.
This stainless steel press doubles as an indoor grill with 11-x-9-inch nonstick plates. The adjustable temperature control lets you choose how toasty you want the Panini to be or how hot to make the grill when cooking anything from fish to vegetables. When you're done, remove the grill plates to wash. Tight on storage space? No problem. Just turn the grill on its side and slide into a snug spot for vertical storage.
While this model may be more petite than others, it can handle the biggest of sandwiches. The floating lid easily adjusts to varying thicknesses. Wide nonstick plates can hold several small Paninis or a couple large ones. The versatility lets you decide on how much (or how little) to press at once. | cheese stuck between two slices of ordinary bread. In order to be called a Panini—or Panino in Italian—this sandwich starts with a crusty loaf of bread, usually ciabatta, rosetta or a baguette. Traditionally, the bread is cut down the middle and not into thin slices. This gives you a mouthful of crust with each bite.
Next, the bread is filled with cold cuts, cheese, fresh herbs, tomatoes or anything else you like to eat. Then the whole thing is warmed in a specially designed panini press that compresses it, which helps the cheese to melt and toasts the outside of the bread. That's what gives you a sandwich that is hot, melty, and crunchy.
While Paninis have been a longtime Italian mainstay, in the United States, they remained a delicatessen menu item until small | 176 |
This entry was posted in A Wounded Heart, Courage, Nature, Photography, Poem, Poetry, Springtime and tagged cander, courage, erosion, free verse poem, geological processes, glaciation, poem, poetry, transformation.
Ha! Hello to you! Nice to hear from you. I have spent several months with very spotty and unreliable internet service, which has meant for very little Melody-lolly-g<|fim_middle|> your music.
Classic Melody – well done. Tricky use of the word Canon! | agging around cyber-space. How are things on the big rock??
Yes, God is wonderful in how He uses the abuses of winter to bring glorious beauty.
Ah, Melody, how beautiful, just like your name. I think you were born to make music with your pen!
Will you play us some of your worship music? Oh dear, Everest did buckle this weekend, didn't it?
I wrote this before it buckled. Sigh. What a terrible tragedy. Even mountains have their stresses – and they sure cause trouble when they give in to them!
Absolutely. It would be a blessing to hear some of | 126 |
BV Presents 'Music Driven' films at Nitehawk Cinema (starting w/ AC/DC)
Andrew Sacher
BrooklynVegan is proud to be the presenting sponsor of the Music Driven signature film series at Nitehawk Cinema in Williamsburg. Stay tuned for what films we'll be showing each month, but meanwhile please join us for the April edition featuring a big screen, 35mm screening of AC/<|fim_middle|>9. Following a format similar to Led Zeppelin's The Song Remains the Same – concert footage with some interview material and fantasy/filmed sequences interspersed – this amazing movie record of AC/DC's last tour with Bon Scott is simple, no holds barred, balls to the wall rock and roll. The group can literally do no wrong as they plow through the following set list:
Shot Down in Flames
Bad Boy Boogie
Girls Got Rhythm
Along the way, we hear about the songwriting process, playing live, and living the rock star dream. It's all so very drunken and delightful.
The Eric Dionysius/Eric Mistler-directed concert film will screen on 35mm on Wednesday, April 12 at 7:30 PM (one night only). There's an afterparty in Nitehawk's Lo-Res bar with DJ Blurry Murray "spinning big, bad, 70s rock on vinyl." For those about to BUY TICKETS we salute you.
Also coming up at Nitehawk: lots of Chloë Sevigny, and a screening of They Live followed by a live Q&A with Prodigy of Mobb Deep moderated by Sacha Jenkins.
Terrence Malick's "Song to Song", starring Ryan Gosling, Rooney Mara, Michael Fassbender, and Natalie Portman is also playing now.
In this modern love story set against the Austin, Texas music scene, two entangled couples – struggling songwriters Faye (Rooney Mara) and BV (Ryan Gosling), and music mogul Cook (Michael Fassbender) and the waitress whom he ensnares (Natalie Portman) – chase success through a rock 'n' roll landscape of seduction and betrayal.
Not only is "BV" a character in this one, we (also "BV") witnessed the BV character in action when this film was shooting at Fun Fun Fun Fest in 2011.
Filed Under: AC DC, AC/DC: Let There Be Rock, ACDC, Chloe Sevigny, documentaries, Music Driven, Nitehawk, Nitehawk Cinema, Prodigy, song to song, Terrence Malick
Categories: Heavy Metal News, movies, Music News | DC: Let There Be Rock.
From the film's description:
AC/DC live in Paris at what was arguably the height of their powers in December 197 | 34 |
FC Barcelona Lassa 75
October 11, 2018 CET: 19:00
Local time: 20:00 MEGASPORT ARENA
CSKA too strong for Barca in opener
CSKA Moscow overpowered FC Barcelona Lassa 95-75 in the opening game of the Turkish Airlines EuroLeague season at Megasport Arena in the Russian capital. Cory Higgins made 5 of 7 three-pointers en route to a game-high 18 points for the victors, Nando De Colo scored 17, Will Clyburn tallied 13 points and 9 rebounds and Sergio Rodriguez had 12 points. For CSKA, the win was its 13th straight at home. Kyle Kuric paced Barcelona with 15 points, Jaka Blazic scored 11, Thomas Heurtel dished 12 assists and Victor Claver collected 10 rebounds.
The game had a slow pace early, which Barcelona took advantage of to edge in front, but Sergio Rodriguez hit a three and Clyburn dunked on the break to put CSKA up 18-12. Kuric's first basket for Barcelona was a triple that narrowed the gap to 21-17 after 10 minutes. CSKA stepped up on the defensive end and turned steals and blocks into fast break points for a 10-0 run to start the second quarter. Higgins sandwiched a pair of threes around another from Kuric to make it 37-22. A Daniel Hackett jumper took the margin into the 20s (<|fim_middle|>, but we could have finished it with a better margin. So I can't say it was catastrophic, especially after the first half. We should not be too negative about the outcome."
HACKETT, DANIEL
"It was a good start for the EuroLeague. We are happy to get the first game under our belt. Of course, we realize this is a long journey. There are going to be ups and downs. The beginning of the game was a little bit sloppy, we were a little bit anxious, but as the game progressed, we relied on our defense to get a rhythm on offense. The third quarter was a little bit low in terms of energy. We managed to come out of the difficult moment and stay strong till the end. I am happy for the win."
DE COLO, NANDO
"I feel good. I think we did a pretty good game tonight. I think we were the better team on the court. We tried to keep our plan and play together. We try to work every day. The season is long. Long season, tough season. We need to be ready for everything."
CSKA Moscow celebrates
Kevin Pangos - FC Barcelona Lassa
Othello Hunter - CSKA Moscow
Will Clyburn - CSKA Moscow
Ante Tomic - FC Barcelona Lassa
Andrey Vorontsevich - CSKA Moscow
Nando De Colo - CSKA Moscow
Victor Claver - FC Barcelona Lassa
Kyle Hines - CSKA Moscow
Chris Singleton - FC Barcelona Lassa
Nikita Kurbanov - CSKA Moscow
REGULAR SEASON PLAYOFFS FINAL FOUR
Round 1 Round 2 Round 3 Round 4 Round 5 Round 6 Round 7 Round 8 Round 9 Round 10 Round 11 Round 12 Round 13 Round 14 Round 15 Round 16 Round 17 Round 18 Round 19 Round 20 Round 21 Round 22 Round 23 Round 24 Round 25 Round 26 Round 27 Round 28 Round 29 Round 30
Panathinaikos OPAP Athens 89
Maccabi FOX Tel Aviv 84
FC Bayern Munich 71
Anadolu Efes Istanbul 90
Real Madrid 109
Darussafaka Tekfen Istanbul 93
AX Armani Exchange Olimpia Milan 82
Olympiacos Piraeus 87
Zalgiris Kaunas 79
KIROLBET Baskonia Vitoria-Gasteiz 87
Fenerbahce Beko Istanbul 97 | 47-26) and the scoreboard showed 51-29 at the break. Blazic heated up for Barcelona, but could only trim the deficit to 17. Kuric and Chris Singleton kept the pressure on for Barcelona, which closed the gap to 69-58 through three quarters. Kevin Pangos scored first in the fourth for the visitors to make it a 9-point game, but CSKA did not feel the pressure and went on a 12-2 tear led by De Colo and Nikita Kurbanov to regain control. De Colo converted a three-point play to make it a 20-point game and though Blazic fueled a 0-8 Barcelona response, CSKA held serve the rest of the way.
Old reliable core
Continuity is always a bonus in the EuroLeague and CSKA's win attests to that. CSKA featured nine returning players in its roster and three newcomers, of which two – Alec Peters and Daniel Hackett – started, but the team found its best rhythm without them and the returnees accounted for 87 of CSKA's 95 points. Barcelona top four scorers were all new to the team and two of them – Kyle Kuric and Artem Pustovyi – were new to the EuroLeague. While Barcelona needed its players to find their chemistry, CSKA picked up where it left off last season.
Bench scoring is new trend
On this night, the numbers off the bench might not have told the story of the game, but they certainly help tell the story of the direction the league is headed in. CSKA's seven reserves combined for 59 points. Barcelona's scored 53. Likewise CSKA brought in 27 rebounds from the bench. EuroLeague teams are deeper than ever nowadays and it will become more and more common to see major production come from non starters. This game was just an example.
Milestones met
Sergio Rodriguez played in the 200th game of his EuroLeague career; he is the 31st player to do so. Andrey Vorontsevich blocked the 100th shot of his career and Cory Higgins also made it 100 career three-pointers. In a rarity, two of the top three-point shooters in the league, De Colo and Barcelona's Kevin Pangos, did not make a triple between them.
Both teams will be on the road in Round 2; CSKA will be Maccabi FOX Tel Aviv's guest for its home opener on Tuesday and Barcelona pays a visit to EuroLeague newcomer Herbalife Gran Canaria.
Euroleague.net
Referees: LOTTERMOSER, ROBERT; BOLTAUZER, MATEJ; ROSSI, MICHELE
CSKA Moscow 21 30 18 26
FC Barcelona Lassa 17 12 29 17
1 DE COLO, NANDO 23:27 17 5/8 0/3 7/7 5 5 2 1 4 1 7 21
5 PETERS, ALEC 9:04 2 2 1 3 -2
7 UKHOV, IVAN 4:03 1 0/1 1/1 1 2 -3
11 ANTONOV, SEMEN 8:13 0/1 1 1 2 1
13 RODRIGUEZ, SERGIO 22:32 12 1/2 2/4 4/4 1 1 2 4 2 2 4 15
20 VORONTSEVICH, ANDREY 18:58 7 0/1 1/5 4/4 4 4 3 1 1 1 2 10
21 CLYBURN, WILL 26:01 13 4/7 0/1 5/7 3 6 9 4 2 1 2 7 22
22 HIGGINS, CORY 21:07 18 1/4 5/7 1/1 1 4 5 2 1 4 2 19
23 HACKETT, DANIEL 11:04 7 1/3 1/1 2/2 2 2 1 4 2 2
41 KURBANOV, NIKITA 15:31 6 1/2 1/1 1/2 1 3 4 3 1 2 1 1 12
42 HINES, KYLE 20:44 8 3/10 2/2 1 4 5 1 4 1 3 3 1 7
44 HUNTER, OTHELLO 19:16 6 1/3 4/4 1 1 2 3 3 7
Totals 200:00 95 17/42 10/22 31/34 10 33 43 21 8 13 4 6 27 29 114
Head coach: ITOUDIS, DIMITRIS
FC Barcelona Lassa
1 SERAPHIN, KEVIN 18:53 6 3/7 2 5 7 3 1 2 2 9
3 PANGOS, KEVIN 15:07 2 1/3 0/1 1 4 1 3 -8
5 RIBAS, PAU 8:30 0/1 0/2 1 -4
6 SINGLETON, CHRIS 19:21 7 1/5 0/2 5/5 1 7 8 1 2 4 5 11
9 BLAZIC, JAKA 17:15 11 2/4 2/4 1/1 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 9
10 SMITS, ROLANDS 8:52 7 1/3 1/2 2/2 2 2 1 1 2 2 6
13 HEURTEL, THOMAS 26:12 5 1/8 1/3 1 1 12 1 4 1 2 3 6
14 PUSTOVYI, ARTEM 10:02 8 3/3 2/4 1 1 2 4 8
18 ORIOLA, PIERRE 15:36 4 2/4 0/2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3
24 KURIC, KYLE 23:28 15 1/1 4/8 1/1 1 1 4 2 10
30 CLAVER, VICTOR 28:50 4 1/2 0/3 2/4 3 7 10 3 1 4 4 12
44 TOMIC, ANTE 7:54 6 2/4 2/2 2 2 4 1 2 1 3 3 8
Totals 200:00 75 18/45 8/25 15/21 15 25 40 21 4 16 6 4 29 27 74
40% 32% 71.4%
Head coach: PESIC, SVETISLAV
ITOUDIS, DIMITRIS
"There is a lot of room to improve. It was not an easy game. My players made it look easy; it was not. I could say that for three quarters we played a perfect defensive game, we moved the ball well. But that third quarter hurt us a lot with the 4 three-pointers that they hit and 29 points in total. So a lot of improvement there. We have to keep them below 20; that was the target. Overall for the premiere, we were solid in many aspects, we played team basketball. Of course, it is still the beginning; we have to [work on] some small details. I think that the contribution of each and every one was there, focus as a team and as a unit. The team performs better when we have such a crowd, so congratulations to the crowd."
PESIC, SVETISLAV
"Congratulations to CSKA, especially with the excellent basketball that they played in the first 20 minutes. Definitely you play like the opponent allows you. And we were a bit surprised with aggressive deny defense that CSKA played against us, especially in the low post. We were like one step behind and we lacked organization on transition, though until now we had no such problems in preseason and Spanish League games. CSKA was just too fast for us. We improved our game in the second half, especially in the third quarter, we had good decisions on offense. I can't say that we had a chance to win the game | 2,069 |
Over<|fim_middle|> and organised.
The ingenious Split-Wing collapsible brace allows the travel bag to fold flat conserving your valuable storage space when not in use. This stylish rolling luggage in our opinion the best shooting kitbag money can buy. | the years, we at Edinkillie have spent many hours lugging shooting kit around. Be that to the local range or to competitions abroad. We searched for a long time before we came across a kit bag that met our needs and was robust enough to deal with all the abuse (both by ourselves and by airline baggage handlers).
A few years ago we found the Dakine Split Roller bags and bought them for ourselves. Ever since then we haven't looked back. After many years of use they are still going strong!
Now we are very excited to be able to offer them to our own customers!
The most celebrated feature of the iconic Split Roller travel bag is revealed in the name, the split design of the separate top and bottom compartments. This allows for the ultimate in organization and access.
The interior organizational benefits include a large main compartment, ideal for jacket and trousers, as well as individual divided sections. All are separated with see-through mesh dividers to keep everything clean | 195 |
Loreto Normanhurst celebrated a wonderful addition to its vibrant community with its Primary School for girls in Year 5 and Year 6 reopening in 2015. The Primary School was blessed and officially opened as the Teresa Ball Primary Centre.
The reopening of the Primary School was a much anticipated event. It is a key element of the school's Strategic Plan and will meet the needs of prospective parents and families who are seeking a Catholic education for their daughter within the context of independent schooling.
A school that is deeply rooted in the Loreto values of Freedom, Sincerity, Verity, Justice and Felicity, Loreto Normanhurst has a well-informed future focus outfitting its students for life in an ever-changing 21st Century world. The school provides an award-winning, holistic model of education which is innovative and dynamic, and which fosters critical thinking, curiosity and joy in learning – an education which prepares a Loreto girl for an exciting future.
The Teresa Ball Primary Centre is a nurturing place with strong pastoral care and supportive learning structures. It provides a safe and supported learning experience where students are engaged in an exciting learning journey with their primary teacher.
Working in collaborative classroom spaces and using innovative learning technologies will provide young girls with an experience that will allow for a smooth transition into high school.
For further information<|fim_middle|> Manager on enrolments@loretonh.nsw.edu.au. | , please contact the Enrolments | 7 |
Rocanville born female hockey star Jessica Campbell has announced her retirement from international competition with Canada's National Women's Team.
Campbell, 25, made her debut with Canada's National Women's Program in 2008 and won a gold medal with Canada's National Women's Team at the 201<|fim_middle|> 4 Nations Cup (2015, 2016) and twice won gold with Canada's National Women's Development Team at the Nations Cup (2011, 2013).
"My entire journey to Team Canada, has been a dream come true. I remember looking up to my hero Cassie Campbell at the age of five, dreaming of becoming the next 'Campbell' to wear the Maple Leaf, and deciding to set my mind to it. Through all the hard work, endless sacrifice, sweat and tears, I've come to realize that no matter what path we take in hockey or life, what we set out to do, or how many medals we win, it's important to leave those you meet, better than you found them," said Campbell.
Campbell has accepted the position of lead power-skating instructor and assistant coach of the Midget Female Prep team at the Pursuit of Excellence Hockey Academy in Kelowna, B.C. | 4 4 Nations Cup in Kamloops, B.C.
As captain, she scored the game-winning goal in overtime to give Canada's National Women's Under-18 Team its first-ever gold medal at the 2010 IIHF World Women's U18 Championship, where she was named Most Valuable Player by the IIHF Directorate. She also earned a silver medal at U18 women's worlds in 2009, and finished her U18 career tied with Marie-Philip Poulin for the all-time program scoring lead with 33 points (14 goals, 19 assists).
The Rocanvillle native was a two-time silver medallist at the | 144 |
We're traveling through "a parable universe" this Lenten season. And I invoke the memorable Mr. Rogers' song in my sermon title today – "Won't you be my neighbor?" – because I think it's important we not overly complicate a parable from Jesus that is, at its heart, profoundly simple. Even little ones can understand one of the most important rules in life is simple kindness. A young child hearing this Bible<|fim_middle|> might be called to practice a fearless neighborliness that would make both Mr. Rogers, and Jesus himself, enormously pleased?
Bruce van Blair, The Believer's Road: A Journey Through Luke, p. 113. | story in Sunday School can grasp its biggest takeaway lesson without too much trouble: Be good to others. Show compassion. Help those who need help.
Of course, the unexpected hero is an interesting twist. The Samaritan assumed a human connection with the unfortunate man lying in the ditch, no matter that it was across social boundaries and cultural differences. No matter that the person he helped, under other circumstances, might not have wanted him anywhere near. He assumed it was important to act kindly, and worth the risk to do so.
Speaking of assumptions, I remember one time we were doing one of those food drives down at the QFC grocery store at the bottom of the hill, and some of our Magnolia neighbors had a marvelous response when we thanked them for their generous donations: "Of course!" they said. "Of course." The assumption being that simple acts of kindness like this are – of course! – what we'd all want to do.
But I suspect it's not the Samaritan's "of course" to the need he finds before him, or his instant identification of the man in the ditch as his neighbor, or even his being an unexpected source of great kindness, that we adults struggle with each time we encounter this story. The point is simple enough. It's the implementation of Jesus' lesson that gets a little tricky.
"Who is my neighbor? I have been listening to the church's answer to this question my whole life, and I have yet to make any sense out of its answer. The church just keeps saying, "Everybody – all the time." [But] there are too many people, too many needs. No one individual can respond to it all. So we are forever guilty, sad, remorseful that we have not done more. And even if we give everything, it relieves none of this guilt or sadness because we [still] have not healed the world's need."
"He was going down the road when he came upon a poor man, bloody and beaten, off by the side. Having compassion, he gathered him up and started carrying him down the road. A quarter of a mile later he came upon another man, also beaten and left for dead. So he laid down the first man and picked up the second, and staggered on for several hundred yards. Then he returned and picked up the first man and carried him to where he had put down the other. Looking on down the road he could now see many beaten forms of unfortunate travelers…So he staggered back and forth, carrying now one, now another, until he himself became utterly exhausted.... His water was gone, his food used up, his money already distributed among the beaten forms lying about. And now he himself lay helpless, hoping some person would come down the road with resolution enough to save at least one of them."
Hold on. Take a deep breath.
Remember our sermon a few weeks ago about finding our particular piece of the broader task of repairing the world?
Bring back that simplest of lessons from today's text: kindness.
And perhaps cue the Mr. Rogers song again.
Over and over in the gospels we find Jesus reminding people that saying the right words, knowing the right answers, believing the right beliefs isn't all there is to it. Jesus doesn't just invite us to think good thoughts. He asks us to do good deeds. He doesn't just ask us to believe in him. He asks us to follow him.
To be fair, he asks a lot. You don't have to read far in the gospels to learn the bar is actually set quite high, for how disciples of Jesus should behave. But God knows we're not perfect. We're called to be faithful in and through our weaknesses.
And again, while faithful discipleship in every area of our lives is a tough calling, maybe some things really are as simple as they sound. Like today's invitation, through this parable in Luke 10, simply to show kindness and compassion, to someone.
In some cases, the person nearest us could quite literally be a beaten and broken person on the side of the road. So it's certainly worth considering what sort of help we can offer in those situations. If we don't feel comfortable giving out cash, can we give food or water? A blanket? A gift card to somewhere they can sit with a hot cup of coffee? Help with some phone calls to find shelter for the night?
And in some cases, the person nearest us needing help could look entirely different. Could be well dressed and perfectly coiffed and driving a nice car, but hiding the fact …that she's just lost her job… or that he's treated cruelly at home … or that her child is terribly sick and she is hoping against hope that the doctors are wrong. Or the person next to us could be the waitress everyone else has been dumping on all evening, the custodian at work whose name no one has bothered to learn, or the bag boy at the supermarket who's being bullied at school.
In some cases, it might be someone we wouldn't normally encounter, whether because of race or religion or socioeconomic status. And in the "parable universe" into which we've been invited by today's text, remember - those strangers could also be the ones helping us out of a bad situation.
I mentioned last week that part of the beauty of parables is that a story can be about several things all at once?
How does the story of the Good Samaritan impact us, not only when we imagine ourselves as the pious folks leaving the guy in the ditch (already deeply convicting!)… or when we picture ourselves as the Samaritan (are we brave enough to do what he did?) … but when we take a third pass through the story, and picture ourselves as the ones lying beaten by the side the road? What would it feel like to receive grace upon grace, to be the beneficiary of the most incredibly kind and compassionate treatment from someone who couldn't be more different from us? And who do you picture in your mind's eye as that Samaritan coming to your rescue? Is it someone from the other side of the tracks, income-wise? Is it someone from another racial group, another religion, another country? Is it someone whose bumper stickers make it blindingly clear that you disagree passionately about everything under the sun? What would it feel like for that person suddenly to be neighbor to you, and lift you out of that ditch, and give you a ride to the hospital, and wait with you in the ER while you're bandaged up, and then find you a safe place to spend the night, and pay for it, and keep checking in to be sure you're ok? What would it feel like to receive that much kindness from a stranger?
Finally, since we're considering whether a broad range of lessons could be contained in a single parable… I've always heard the parable of the Good Samaritan as a story about individuals – an individual who is in need, an individual who steps up to help. But a fellow pastor shared recently that he was deeply convicted by a friend of his who asked: "Shouldn't we do something about the state of the road between Jerusalem and Jericho, if folks traveling there are being robbed and beaten and left to die? In addition to helping the individual neighbor, shouldn't we also be concerned about repairing the road?" He was speaking metaphorically, of course. It wasn't potholes that had him concerned. It was systemic injustice, the kinds of economic and political and social realities that leave some people especially vulnerable as they make their way along life's journey.
I wonder if Jesus enjoyed speaking in parables because each story allows us to ask a whole range of questions like these.
And I wonder how you and I most need to hear the story of the Good Samaritan today.
I wonder whether you or I might find ourselves stumbling across a Good Samaritan parable this week. I wonder, too, where we ourselves | 1,618 |
We now know how to teach entrepreneurs how to think about business models and use customer development to turn hypotheses into facts. But there is no process to teach how to get an epiphany. We can only try to create the conditions where this might occur.
Luis, one of the CEO's from our first National Science Foundation class, came in to speak to our next class. We had a couple of minutes to catch up between sessions and the conversation got strangely awkward when I asked him how their startup was going.
The Customer Development process was a result of an Epiphany I had when writing my memoirs. After 80 pages, I realized in one instant that the stories I had been recounting weren't of interest (at least to anyone besides me), but the pattern behind the stories had much deeper meaning. Years later, the key ideas in the Startup Owners Manual came to me in the same way – realizing that startups are a search for a Business Model, and that the Business Model Canvas was the organizing principle for Customer Development. All of these insights came fully formed.
While we can describe an epiphany, we don't know how to teach it or make it happen. But we do know how to set up the conditions for it to occur.
First interact with lots of people — the more they are different from you with different ideas, and different perspectives the better. (Getting out of the building in the Customer Development process guarantees you'll do just that.) Next, attack whatever problem you're working on head-on. In Customer Development that means building a set of business model hypotheses, and running customer discovery to test those hypotheses. Most of the time you'll be slogging through a ton of data operating in chaos trying to figure out what direction to take your company.
Here's the part that's counterintuitive – on a regular basis make time to take an hour, or even a day to do something completely different. Go for a hike or a drive. Walk around the city. Don't distract yourself with something that makes you focus (the movies, TV, email or the net.) Instead, shut it all down and do something that's relaxing and gives the problem solving part of your brain a rest – let the pattern recognition side take over.
It can be challenging for an entrepreneur to slow down, disengage from the relentless pace and smell the roses. But making this kind of time for your right brain to process what your left-brain has learned can bring you insights you'd never uncover otherwise. You can't force an epiphany but when it comes, you'll know it.
You'll be blinded by the light.
Steve, thanks for sharing such great experience, where combination of focus on searching the business models should embrace those moments of letting the brain observe and process by giving the chance. Tom Kelley from IDEO said on a brazilian magazine some time ago: "we hire people form 'T' skill, not 'I' skill. T means that the person can be an engineer, but also like doing art painting, movies…" on such shower moments those insights for sure will come.
By the way, the book Startup arrived yesterday at home in Brazil. Now time to read it, practice it, teach with my students, take some shower,movie….
Steve, I think you are exactly right. The disengagement of the layer of conscious thought (our analytical brain) is a key. I recommend creating a daily structured space to allow connections to "bubble up" on a daily basis.
Deliberately delaying your wake up – the last 10 minutes before you fully wake up are very good.
Practicing an art form (piano works for me).
Each of these activities has within it a marked absence of the sense of "I", your identity. The fact that you are aware, but not greatly occupied by the sense of self provides an opportunity to for messages and connections from your sub-conscious to reach you conscious, grasping mind.
I have white boards all around my home so that when I get little (or big) connections of this type, I can immediately write them down. Part of the structure of this type of realization is that they often emerge weakly encoded in short term memory so you may have have less than 60 seconds to get them written down or you risk losing them entirely. At this point I have multiple whiteboards around my home, each with dozens of notes and diagrams from this type of exercise- at least 80% of which become part of my business or teaching or blogging. It is a "core competency".
Daily small realizations (in addition to the big ones) can be pivotal in business development.
BTW – We met at SXSWi, and I shared a copy of my book "Startup: An Insider's Guide to Launching and Running a Business" with you. Hope<|fim_middle|> the phrase, in guiding my own ventures.
I think it's true that reflective/meditative times are best. But I'll bet that for busy entrepreneurs at least 50% of "a-ha!" moments occur in the shower!
Love that he had his epiphany in the shower. Maybe we should just tell entrepreneurs to take a shower! Ha!
Epiphanies are interesting and also really scary. I think the scariest part is that you can work on something for 5 years, have completely no insight, and then "get it" while you are randomly doing something else. Its absolutely frightening. In my work with entrepreneurs we always focus on planning, planning, planning, but you are right that nothing can prep someone for the epiphany.
In your experience, how do you help entrepreneurs evaluate their epiphany? Since I naturally have a tendency to theorize and strategize prior to action, I would be extremely nervous if one of our clients deviated from a plan to tackle something they figured out "in the shower". Also, its possible that some epiphanies are not the right way to go just yet (or ever), how would you respond to that? How do you coach them through it?
Re: last part on "doing something completely different".
I find it similar to "Stopping the world" and "Not-doing" as described in Carlos Castaneda's "Journey to Ixtlan". Also agree it should be as meaningful, as an epiphany that might follow as a result.
Moving into the philosophical, I'd say teach from perspective of "How Big Will Your Epiphany Be?". The more relaxed while focused you gain your data, the easier for the creative to analyze.
Remember the Epiphany can be that "shining light", or just a matter of realizing what is happening in real time in the real world and it is time to strike.
What you call epiphany is also referred to as Strategic Intuition.
At Columbia Business School (CBS) there is a class taught by Bill Duggan called Napoleon's Glance. Definitely not a class in analytics, but explains and gives examples in history of these insights that you talk about. He actually has a book called Strategic Intuition on the topic. It was one of the top classes that I had in the program.
Good talk at AOL yesterday evening, thanks!
1. Driving the boring segments from San Jose to Las Vegas or to Oregon.
2. Long distance bus travel in Mexico.
3. Riding trains in Europe with a Eurail Pass.
4. Prolonged people watching at Santana Row in San Jose and Las Vegas.
These are the places that work for me and they always work to create epiphanies when I have a big business problem to solve. Other similar places haven't.
I'm a bit different than most entrepreneurs in that I've produced useful work in over 50 disciplines during the past 50 years and have a huge inventory of concepts from various industries to draw from.
I post ideas on entrepreneurship on Google Plus if anyone cares to learn more.
I hate to quote a tv show but this made me think of Mad Men's, Don Draper in season 1 or 2.
Great article and so true. It has happened to me any number of times in writing my first book about startups and helping others do the same. My epiphany was realizing, much like you Steve, that schools, colleges and universities are not preparing students for the workplace. They're teaching the "craft of your business" (graphic art, writing, medicine, law, etc.) but not the "business of your craft," how to make a living by yourself at your craft as a startup or working in a business. I rewrote the first part of my book because of this epiphany.
Excellent post.. I am waiting for my epiphany moment.
I just have a question for you. I have suscribed to your online course and I bought your book "The Startup Owner's Manual". I would like to know if you have some recomendation to read it and how integrated it with your blog.
Thanks to Steve for sharing his epiphany about epiphanies. I did not think of it as an epiphany, but I have experienced what I call the 'Eureka' moment about some thinks I had been working on for long periods – such as my doctoral dissertation, a business idea, or the key theme for a story. I agree with 2 key elements that Steve had identified- good deal of data/information processing and freeing up the mind to recognize the big patterns. I tend to get insights while going on a long drive or when flying etc when I am not focused on any one task in particular. Steve's column helped me realize that we dont have to sit around waiting for an epiphany- it just happens when the circumstances are right. All we can do is to encourage it by immersion in data and by allowing down time by doing diverse activities and being open to new ideas.
"Do something completely different." To me this acts on the same principle as when you're trying to recall something but cannot in the moment. Later, you're doing something random (like taking a shower!) and the answer comes to you out of nowhere.
You might enjoy the new book "Imagine." It teaches about how one might be able to encourage insights and epiphanies. The book came out recently.
I've had several epiphanies as a result of smoking marijuana. You may think I'm joking, but I'm not. One of my epiphanies led me to create a site that has attracted over 30 million visitors over the last decade.
I'm not saying marijuana will create epiphanies for everyone, probably just a minority, but I think this is worth mentioning because it has really been a great help to my thinking.
I'd also recommend taking 30-40 min naps in the afternoon. They're good for your brain and memory (see book 'brain rules'), you feel awesome after a nap, and they give you this break from thinking that is so important.
I really enjoyed the book "Brain Rules." I enjoyed the parts which discussed how we learn and various ways we commit things to memory. I'm reading through "Imagine" again. It also discusses the needs to be relaxed to encourage insights. I suppose that's why user "Rather Not Say" above said a drug helped with one of his insights. The book "Imagine" talks about other drugs and neither it nor I am condoning drugs to arrive at insights. Their negative side effects outweigh the good in most cases. Often, if the drug user does have an insight, he either doesn't recognize it, or promptly forgets the insight.
Great stuff Steve. Reminds me of a Stanford e-corner lecture from April 14, 2010 where John Seely Brown talks about shaping serendipity (serendipitious insights).
Epiphany can be teached and have been so for 2500 years.
You can find a 10 days course here.
The single critical condition for an 'epiphany' is total commitment to a problem that cannot be solved and cannot be 'redefined'. You have to look at data, see your vision, and then figure things out. It is actually a very painful process, as I am sure you experienced. Epiphanies aren't cheap or easy. | you had a chance to check it out.
As always very well written. A slight correction.
"…An epiphany is a different way of solving problems than the problem solving we do every day.
I think ephiphany is the outcome and not the process.
He says he's immediately "executing" on that epiphany. To me that sounds like he's not turning that new Canvas into hypotheses to test. Am I mis-interpreting?
I'm calling such a moments – 'the puzzle is now complete!'. Actually this is a result of creative process. Sometimes it overwhelming.
And yes, you can make it happen a little bit often check "Conceptual Blockbusting: A Guide To Better Ideas" by James L. Adams.
Hi Steve. I found your site and I ordered your book. Thanks for sharing all valuable content. Looking forward to read your Start-up manual and follow new topics on your blog.
Great post Steve. I guess every individual gets an epiphany at some point of time, but what's important is not to talk yourself out of it and believe in it.
Exceptional post. Took my breath away… really. The 'epiphany' is a very well established problem in science — mostly in physics (Schroedinger, Heisenburg), but also a bit in biology (Darwin). The single critical condition for an 'epiphany' is total commitment to a problem that cannot be solved and cannot be 'redefined'. You have to look at data, see your vision, and then figure things out. It is actually a very painful process, as I am sure you experienced. Epiphanies aren't cheap or easy. So, to your Epiphany followers, I would say that if you do not think about your problem all the time (really. all the time), then you might as well read a management book. Did Bill Gates have an Epiphany? Did Mark Zuckerberg? Likely. Total immersion and visceral commitment to the problem is, in my humble opinion, the path to epiphany.
Great advice. If only everyone tapped into counterintuitive moments the world would be a better place. The obstacle comes when someone gets stuck celebrating their epiphany, rather than getting down to the hard work needed to bring it to fruition.
Hi Steve, can't teach eh? Obviously this depends on your definition of teaching and I prefer creating learning environments, so we are probably not too far apart?
I always find it interesting what is overlooked. If you cannot teach, or shall we say prepare students for this, then why do design courses exist that claim to do just that (once you get beneath the surface)? my colleagues will also claim to do exactly that, 30 of them have just done so in a staff development session.
Let's work on a premise, see opportunity recognition as a subset of innovation (arguable)' see innovation as a subset of creativity too? Now let's consider how occupational therapists who work with brain injuries help patients to become 'active thinkers' again, even if this means teaching someone to use a knife and fork again as if it were the first time.
They rely on cognitive pattern development, what we may call gestalt theory. They ask questions of patients such as how how many alternative ideas do they have on a subject? How disparate are the neural connections being formed? How connectable and arguable are these – through reflective process and articulation.
Now tell me that this isn't a form of teaching creativity!
The diagonal thinking test designed to evaluate the capacity of what is commonly termed left brain and right brain thinking is a concrete example of what the advertising industry uses to evaluate applied creative capacity.
I therefore beg to differ my friend.
Here is the new Uk guidance that is currently out for consultation that I mentioned above. This looks beyond the business school environment and was announced as 'a new kind of learning'.
It's very much a UK perspective with UK definitions, but I wonder what you and colleagues might make of it in the US?
"iconoclast" by Gregory Berns. " a neuroscientist reveals 'how to think differently' " Harvard Business Press.
As an iconoclast, I've struggled to explain epiphonies (that perceptual 'image' that when decoded provides a new insight).
Highly recommended to you and the Lean Launchers for the most recent ten years of neuroscientific study of how the brain processes; and how iconoclastic tendencies can be nutured.
For those of you interested in this ( and you should) the book "Think and Grow Rich" talks about "infinite intelligence". The book might have a cheesy title, however it took 25 years to interview billionaires 70 years ago and was sponsored by Andrew Carnegie and build upon interviews with Rockefeller, Ford, Charles Schwabb, JP Morgan and 100s of others etc.
The book cover a variety of topics and is like a formula. The thought principle describes how to allow these thoughts and cultivate them on a regular basis and have much more than a few in a lifetime.
In music, you can make a strong distinction between the "genius" of Beethoven vs. the "brilliance" of Haydn — the former is much more popular because there's a passion and romanticism to the music (and the composer's persona) that you won't get from the latter. But without Haydn, Beethoven wouldn't exist — he laid the theoretical and structural frameworks that made the styles of the latter musicians possible.
He's the engineer of music, in other words. Haydn is not seen as being as "exciting" as Beethoven, but consider that he had lived a fairly good, stable, reputable life and was respected very widely by the masses during his era. Whereas Beethoven lived a fairly difficult life, going through a lot of ups and downs. Reminds me a bit about the Durant vs. Sloan presentation you did a while ago.
In the overall sense, this is a good sign showing that the medium has gained a level of respectability and that people are becoming more and more interested in the activity as time goes on. The problem, however, is that this has the potential to turn entrepreneurship into a form of fashion, where people learn to pick up the "mannerisms" of a good artist then just talk, walk, and act in the manner that they learned from school. It's happening already, with the "What Would Steve Jobs Do" style of management and whatnot. I'd be careful with how you set up your curriculum, because education does have the potential to compound these problems if it doesn't attempt to mitigate bad ideas.
I don't have any hard-fast answers, but I do know a few things about how the creative process works. For one, even among entrepreneurs it's important to figure out if the student is a Beethoven or a Haydn type — the former will create and follow their ideas in a fervor of irrational motivation, while the latter will be very methodological in how they approach their problems. They both have their respective strengths and weaknesses, but if you can harness both (in a co-founder type of relationship) then it can make for an unstoppable force. We all like to think of ourselves as unique snowflakes, but the vast vast majority of people will fall on either one side of the spectrum or the other.
The other thing that's important — and this has happened to me in research a lot of times — is the necessity to "overload" yourself with too much information and then sit on it for a while before achieving an "insight" of some sort. The human mind doesn't like the cognitive dissonance that comes with "not understanding" things, so in a pinch, it will create ideas and narratives that revolve around the ideas that are stirring up in your head at the time. Epiphanies actually happen to people all the time, I think, it's just that most of them aren't worth talking about because their either too personal or non-consequential to make it a public matter. But the trick here is to have a lot of high-quality information that's relevant to current day events, and the brain will naturally make those connections on their own.
Lastly, there's data, as talked about above, but there's also a need for "frameworks" that allow you structure and direct those ideas in a coherent manner. Philosophy has a lot of those — pragmatism, existentialism, analytic, phenomenology, etc. This is pretty abstract stuff and it's hard to get people interested in it, but without it it becomes difficult to articulate or focus incoming information in such a way that gives it direction.
All of this is difficult stuff — you really need a lot of things going on for it to be even remotely successful. But we gotta start somewhere, I think.
Thank you for a fantastic post! I have had a few epiphanies and I can now see the pattern in which they occur. I will be sharing this with my entire team.
In my experience, downtime has provided the space for epiphanies to come to (or be recognized by) me. Like Luis, I've had several in my life. They've been pivotal, if you'll forgive | 1,889 |
TWENTY-FIVE years ago, this country's first Prime Minister, Dr Eric Williams, gave up the ghost-voluntarily, in my view-and went to the Great Beyond, wherever that might be, if it does indeed exist. I can speculate about both his death and his final destination not because I knew the man personally. But being an ardent student of history and politics, I had a unique opportunity to observe this larger-than-life leader from close-up. For several years I sat in Parliament directly across from him, I heard him address the House, I saw him interact with his PNM underlings, and I was even at the receiving end of his tart tongue on more than one occasion.
Eric was a man of many moods and modes, which probably made him the consummate politician. One day he would be jovial, chuckling, enjoying himself at the expense of his own, or better still, Opposition Members of Parliament. Another day he would sit pouting, dealing gruffly with anyone who came close to him, including his senior ministers. What can be said of the way he ran his party is that he ensured that when he spoke or ruled on any issue, "not a damn dog bark", as he himself said on a public platform.
One had to be there and be observant in order to see how he subtly enforced subservience in all his ministers. I saw deputy leaders of the party like Kamal Mohammed and Errol Mahabir cringe in his presence, although I must admit the other deputy leader who would later succeed him, George Chambers, always appeared cool, never ruffled by Eric. On one occasion, when AG Selwyn Richardson<|fim_middle|> loud guffaws as he looks at opposition fragmentation reaching a nadir from which it may never recover.
Meanwhile, his PNM lives to fight another day or election. | was on his feet addressing the House, he suddenly stopped, sat down, and turned to Eric, as if to ask: "What, Sir?" Eric had a hearty laugh at Richardson's expense: he had in fact mumbled something to another minister who sat close to him.
But Richardson merely heard the man's voice, and "jumped", as Brother Alpha sang a few years ago. It's one facet of Williams's leadership style that I could not come to terms with: I was young and rebellious and ready to take on the biggest political "badjohn", be it Eric or Basdeo Panday. During the split among ULF parliamentarians, a row took place between the Panday faction and mine. Eric intervened (to confirm that Panday visited his house on certain nights, and that he served him "the best scotch"), only to find himself on the receiving end of a barrage of cuss from an infuriated Paul Harrison. The PNM bench looked on in awe: here were some young radicals tearing into a man they worshipped. Eric scampered for safety when he found the going too hot to handle.
I recall these incidents and observations because it is said to this day, fifty years after he founded the PNM, that it remains the "best structured party" in the country. To an extent it was, and probably still is. Within its structure, though, the leader was not first among equals, but leader supreme. There were members of the party's executive who would question his supremacy, of that I am sure. I remember Patrick Solomon in the 1950s and Karl Hudson-Phillips in the 1970s were among those who dared to speak out and who inevitably incurred his wrath. Even members of constituency councils bucked the Maximum Leader. In 1976, when he asked that five nominees be withdrawn because they were "millstones", these groups sent him back a strong message that he dared not buck: these are our candidates and you must accept them. He backed off. But he also distanced himself from the "millstones", reducing them to strangers in their own house.
That Eric was a strong leader is beyond question. And given the nature of politics in this country, strong leaders are probably what we required at the time. In fact, today more than ever we need men and women of substance. What we did not need then, nor do we need now, are mini-dictators. I remain convinced that had Eric encouraged greater democracy within the PNM and among the population, the PNM might have been an even stronger party today. Its members may argue that it is, and testimony to that is that it has survived 50 years, ten of them in opposition.
What PNMites fail to understand, though, is that the party appears to be strong and enduring because the opposition is in disarray. It might well be that Eric's greatest political legacy was his ability to exploit instability in opposition parties. He toyed with Bhadase Maraj and Rudranath Capildeo, ensuring that the DLP was never a force to be reckoned with. He played with Panday's penchant for power by helping him ditch radical elements in the ULF. Today, 25 years after his death, I can imagine him breaking into | 676 |
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