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Alva Noë
Alva Noë is a contributor to the NPR blog 13.7: Cosmos and Culture. He is writer and a philosopher who works on the nature of mind and human experience.
Noë received his PhD from Harvard in 1995 and is a professor of philosophy at the University of California, Berkeley, where he is also a member of the Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences and the Center for New Media. He previously was a Distinguished Professor of Philosophy at the Graduate<|fim_middle|> and mechanical enhancements. | Center of the City University of New York. He has been philosopher-in-residence with The Forsythe Company and has recently begun a performative-lecture collaboration with Deborah Hay. Noë is a 2012 recipient of a Guggenheim fellowship.
He is the author of Action in Perception (MIT Press, 2004); Out of Our Heads (Farrar Straus and Giroux, 2009); and most recently, Varieties of Presence (Harvard University Press, 2012). He is now at work on a book about art and human nature.
Three Cheers For The Instant Replay
The end of the World Series allows us to revisit baseball's experiment with instant replay. Commentator Alva Noë argues it has been a success — because it makes the game not more fair but more fun.
What Art, And The Game Telephone, Teach Us About Copying
The basic phenomenon of speaking, expressing meaning in words — and also that of copying or recording what we hear — is laid bare before our eyes by artist Alvin Lucier, says commentator Alva Noë.
Coughing And The Meaning Of Art
There's a lot of coughing in audiences at concerts and plays. Why? Commentator Alva Noe suggests that the answer has something to do with the importance of art.
Making Peace With Our Cyborg Nature
What rankles so many of Lance Armstrong's detractors is the sense that somehow, he artificially enhanced himself to reach seemingly superhuman heights. Yet the story of modern humans, argues philosopher Alva Noe, is a story of our integration with artificial | 332 |
A Republican presidential candidate, a former Governor, is being slammed in the press due to accusations that, when he left the governor's office, he ordered information from computers in his office destroyed.
No, not Mike Huckabee. It was Massachusetts Governor Mitt Romney, who added a new<|fim_middle|> deleted.
As with Huckabee's disk drive destruction, Romney's office at first claimed the disk drives were purchased because of the sensitive nature of the information on them. In a later interview, however, Romney cited another reason: keeping potentially damaging information out of the hands of his opponents.
Romney's claim is that the Massachusetts public records law does not cover the Governor, but that his office voluntarily donated some 700 boxes of records to the state archives — of course, on paper, which would make them virtually unsearchable by journalists or a court. In fact, they are said to be particularly disorganized.
To add insult to injury, Romney's office is claiming that this is all a plot cooked up by the current Massachusetts Governor, Democrat Deval Patrick, and the campaign of Democratic President Barack Obama, and is filing its own records request for communication between the two offices.
Two other Republican Governors who are or who have considered running for President, Texas Governor Rick Perry and South Carolina Governor Nikki Haley, have also been observed deleting records from their time in office.
What I said about Huckabee earlier this year is just as valid for Romney now, as well as for any other government official: Regardless of whether the data on the hard drives was incriminating or merely sensitive, the appearance is an issue. As the saying goes, in politics perception is more important than reality, and even if Romney had nothing but the best intentions in mind, his destruction of the disks gives the perception that he was hiding information that should legitimately be available to the people of Massachusetts and the U.S. With legal experts now saying that governments are subject to the same electronic discovery requirements as any corporation, Romney's actions could be considered suspect or legally liable. | wrinkle: 11 staffers purchased 17 hard disks from government computers when departing. A spokeswoman for the campaign told the Boston Globe, which broke the story, that the former aides did nothing wrong and had "complied with the law and longtime executive branch practice" — at which point the Globe interviewed several past governors who said that, no, their staffers had never purchased state hard drives and in fact had never heard of such a thing.
Moreover, in September 2006, the Governor's office began submitting requests to the Records Conservation Board to destroy some documents, such as "vendor invoices, intern files, and accounting records – and those involving topics such as "travel expense records,'' "pardon/commutation records,'' and "individual appointment requests,"" the Globe reported. The upshot is that no records are available of email sent during Romney's four-year term.
Now, it's certainly true that e-Discovery experts advise that their clients have a regular program of destroying files as they reach a certain age, partly to prevent a legal fishing expedition should the company go to court. But typically, public servants are held to transparency laws that require them to save and archive such messages — President George W. Bush, for example, was required to have his office search for email messages when millions of them were found to have been | 270 |
Saturn's moon Enceladus said to have conditions necessary for life
April 15, 2017 By Ravi Leave a Comment
NASA has revealed that Saturn's moon Enceladus could be packing conditions necessary for life – something that astronomers have been working on for quite sometime now.
Data from unmanned Cassini spacecraft indicate that there are hydrogen molecules in vapor plumes emanating from cracks in the surface of Enceladus, a small ocean moon coated in a thick layer of ice. These plumes possibly indicate that there are hydrothermal chemical reactions between the moon's rocky core and its ocean – located under the ice crust – are likely occurring on Enceladus. The hydrogen molecules were detected by Cassini when it did a deep dive close to the surface of Enceladus in October 2015.
If we look at similar reactions on Earth, they allow for microbes to flourish in hot cracks in the planet's ocean floors – depths sunlight cannot reach and this indicates that Saturn's Enceladus could also nourish life putting it high on the list of celestial bodies in Solar System where life could be present.
The new research, published Thursday in the journal Science, "indicates there is chemical potential to support microbial systems," scientists involved with the study.
Using a spectrometer, the spacecraft determined that the plumes are 98 percent water and one percent hydrogen, with traces of molecules including ammonia, carbon dioxide and methane. Hydrogen had previously been "elusive," scientists said, but its detection shows the moon's life-supporting potential.
The hydrogen in the sub-surface ocean could combine with carbon dioxide molecules in a process known as "methanogenesis," which creates a byproduct of methane. If there are indeed microbes living in the moon's ocean, they could tap that energy source as sustenance.
Scientists said the moon appeared to have ample energy supplies to support life – roughly the equivalent of 300 pizzas per hour, according to Christopher Glein, a geochemist at the Southwest Research Institute in Texas.
"This is the first time we've been able to make a calorie count of an alien ocean," he said.
In a separate study published in The Astrophysical Journal Letters, scientists using the Hubble Space Telescope again found what is likely a plume emitting from Europa, one of Jupiter's four largest moons, which also has an icy crust atop an ocean.
After first spotting the apparent plume in 2014, scientists in 2016 saw it in the same spot, which appears to be a particularly warm region of Europa where fissures occur in the icy crust.
Both studies are laying the foundation for the Europa Clipper mission, which is slated to launch in the 2020s.
The Europa Clipper will periodically fly past Jupiter's Europa moon to collect data and study the subsurface ocean.
Filed Under: Research Tag<|fim_middle|>.S. dime, except at thicker treads. The grousers are 19 zigzag-shaped treads that extend about a quarter inch (three-fourths of a centimeter) outward from the skin of each wheel. The grousers bear much of the rover's weight and provide most of the traction and ability to traverse over uneven terrain.
The mission team started monitoring the checking the wheels for damage after dents and holes were observed in the wheels much earlier than anticipated in 2013. Testing showed that at the point when three grousers on a wheel have broken, that wheel has reached about 60 percent of its useful life. Curiosity already has driven well over that fraction of the total distance needed for reaching the key regions of scientific interest on Mars' Mount Sharp.
Curiosity Project Scientist Ashwin Vasavada, also at JPL, said, "This is an expected part of the life cycle of the wheels and at this point does not change our current science plans or diminish our chances of studying key transitions in mineralogy higher on Mount Sharp."
The rover is currently examining sand dunes partway up a geological unit called the Murray formation. As part of its drive, the rover is climbing to sequentially higher and younger layers of lower Mount Sharp to investigate how the region's ancient climate changed billions of years ago.
Clues about environmental conditions are recorded in the rock layers. During its first year on Mars, the mission succeeded at its main goal by finding that the region once offered environmental conditions favorable for microbial life, if Mars has ever hosted life. The conditions in long-lived ancient freshwater Martian lake environments included all of the key chemical elements needed for life as we know it, plus a chemical source of energy that is used by many microbes on Earth.
Filed Under: Research Tagged With: Curiosity, Mars, NASA, Rover
NASA bets huge on Solar System exploration with four new teams
NASA has selected four teams that will join its existing nine teams to work on Solar System exploration and has a plan of investing up to $5 million of its budget per year to fund these teams.
The new teams will be concentrating their attention on studies and analysis of the Moon as well as near-Earth asteroids. The teams will also be assigned tasks to work towards analysis of other celestial bodies in the Solar System including Martian moons Phobos and Deimos, and their near space environments, in cooperation with international partners.
The teams selected by NASA includes a team from University of Colorado as well as a team from Georgia Institute of Technology. The team from University of Colorado will be focusing their work on a number of topics including robotics, cosmology, astrophysics and heliophysics with the primary agenda of advancing NASA's work towards manned space exploration.
The Georgia Institute of Technology team will be looking at radiation and its effect on human-made composite materials. Members of this team will also be studying how real-time detectors can help minimise astronauts' exposure to harmful radiation.
Another team will be assigned to a project that has been named "Toolbox for Research and Exploration" and according to NASA this particular team will be responsible for development of tools and methods for the manned exploration of celestial bodies.
The fourth group, called Exploration Science Pathfinder Research for Enhancing Solar System Observations or ESPRESSO will assist NASA in understanding the events that are hazardous for robotic and human explorers in space.
Through these teams, NASA will garner additional workforce that will enable the space agency to advance its understanding in lunar and planetary science while also paving way for manned missions to various celestial bodies of the solar system.
Filed Under: Research Tagged With: NASA, Solar System, Space
Now you can use software that NASA astronomers and scientists use
March 3, 2017 By Ravi Leave a Comment
NASA has released a treasure trove of software that have been developed and are being used by astronomers, scientists, academicians and professionals world wide.
The software have been released as part of its software catalog – an initiative it started back in April 2014 and has continued since then. The latest catalog comes in the form of 2017-2018 which includes a range of software from the US space agency including codes for more advanced drones, quieter aircraft, code that helps in identifying efficient flight-path, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tool among others.
NASA has made the catalog available in digital as well as hard copy. The software portfolio is extensive and includes software products that are currently being used at NASA as well as related industry players, academics as well as researchers. The software have been made available free of charge to the public, without any royalty or copyright fees.
NASA says that the software that have been included in the catalog are from a number of its centres including data processing/storage, business systems, operations, propulsion and aeronautics. It includes many of the tools NASA uses to explore space and broaden our understanding of the universe.
"Advancing the state of the art in software—in the fields of aeronautics, materials, data processing, propulsion, electronics, and everything in between—has been, is, and will continue to be an essential component of every NASA success and achievement", said Daniel Lockney, Technology Transfer Program Executive. "With this thought in mind, we are pleased to present the third edition of the NASA Software Catalog."
NASA published the first edition of its software catalog in April 2014. Since then, NASA has shared thousands of its software programs with students, industry, individuals and other government agencies.
Software of the Year
Included in the software catalog is the listing for the top software of the 2016. The first in the list is the Traffic Aware Planner (TAP) which is a cockpit-based software tool that helps pilots determine the most efficient flight paths to destinations while en route and flying among other aircraft in the same airspace. The software has been developed by NASA's Langley Research Center and Engility Corporation. The code will help air carriers save time as well as reduce fuel consumption and carbon emissions.
The next is Pegasus 5 which is a revolutionary computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tool that provides the automated integration of CFD grids. It enables higher-fidelity aerodynamic analysis and delivers impressive speed, flexibility, and usability.
Filed Under: Sci-Tech Tagged With: NASA, Software, Space | ged With: Enceladus, Moon, NASA, Saturn
New Horizons halfway from Pluto to next target 2014 MU69
April 5, 2017 By Ravi Leave a Comment
New Horizons spacecraft is travelling towards its next flyby target – the Kuiper belt object 2014 MU69 – and is almost half way there, NASA has revealed.
If all goes well, New Horizons will be flying by 2014 MU69 on January 1, 2019. Currently the spacecraft is 782.45 million kms beyond Pluto and the same distance from MU69. The information was revealed by Alan Stern, New Horizons principal investigator from the Southwest Research Institute in Boulder, who said that their spacecraft will be setting the record for the most distant world ever explored in the history of civilization.
New Horizons will be beginning a new period of hibernation later this week.
In addition to its historic Pluto encounter and 16 subsequent months of relaying the data from that encounter back to Earth, New Horizons has made breakthrough, distant observations of a dozen Kuiper Belt objects (KBOs).
It has collected unique data on the dust and charged-particle environment of the Kuiper Belt and studied the hydrogen gas that permeates the vast space surrounding the Sun, called the heliosphere.
Hal Weaver, New Horizons project scientist from APL said, "The January 2019 MU69 flyby is the next big event for us, but New Horizons is truly a mission to more broadly explore the Kuiper Belt."
Weaver added, "In addition to MU69, we plan to study more than two-dozen other KBOs in the distance and measure the charged particle and dust environment all the way across the Kuiper Belt".
New Horizons spacecraft is currently 5.7 billion kms from Earth. At that distance, a radio signal sent from the operations team – and travelling at light speed – needs about five hours and 20 minutes to reach the spacecraft.
Filed Under: Research Tagged With: NASA, New Horizons, Pluto, Space, Spacecraft
NASA's Mars rover Curiosity has its wheels damaged slightly
March 24, 2017 By Ravi Leave a Comment
Wheels of NASA's Mars rover Curiosity has developed a few cracks or breaks which were observed during a routine check on March 19.
The previous check was carried out on January 27. NASA notes that the two new breaks were not observed during the check in January indicating that they developed after and were documented during the routine check on March 19. The mission's first and second breaks in raised treads, called grousers, have developed on Curiosity's left middle wheel and it is indicative of the continuous wear and tear that the rover is subjected to on Mars.
NASA assured that the rover and its wheels have enough lifespan still remaining for active operation on the Red Planet and while the breaks weren't unexpected, they are an indication that the damage has started and that the left middle wheel is nearing a wheel-wear milestone.
Each of Curiosity's six wheels is about 20 inches (50 centimeters) in diameter and 16 inches (40 centimeters) wide, milled out of solid aluminum. The wheels contact ground with a skin that's about half as thick as a U | 708 |
The Central Market is a display of Valencia's modernist architecture. With construction dating back to 1914, the building has been recently refurbished, displaying an impressive entry and colourful ceramic tiles.
Enjoy a guided visit to the market with a local chef on our Valencia Market Visit and Paella Class.
TIP! Buy a few grammes of delicious specialty Iberian ham at one of the gourmet stalls and check out the live eels in the fish section.
Apart from the Central Market's undisputed aesthetic value, the variety and quality of produce is impressive. A rich variety of fresh fruit, vegetables, fish, seafood and meat, are found along with many other gourmet products.
The market is bright, colourful and full of aromas and flavours. There are over 300 vendors in the market and many allow customers to try products before buying. You can also find cafes and tapas bars inside the market and outside near the entrances.
TIP! If you don't have much space in your luggage to take products home with you then check out the international delivery<|fim_middle|> continue to the left for a couple of minutes to the Central Market (opposite the Silk Exchange). | options on the market's website here.
Tel: 96 382 91 00.
By metro: Take the red or green line (3 or 5) to Xativa. With the station behind you, walk to City Hall Square (2 minutes), and | 59 |
O<|fim_middle|>Armas-V | Prüfstand 1 (P1) "Estande de teste 1", era uma instalação do Centro de Pesquisas do Exército de Peenemünde para a realização de testes de combustão estática. O P1 consistia em uma subestrutura de concreto de 15 metros de altura com uma estrutura de aço no topo. Vagões ferroviários com combustível podem entrar nessa subestrutura. Também nesta subestrutura havia uma sala de medição, uma oficina, um escritório e cilindros para armazenar nitrogênio comprimido.
Descrição
O P1 foi projetado para testes de combustão de motores com empuxo de até 1 MN. Serviu como um precursor das bancadas de teste da série perto de Ober-Raderach ("Vorwerk-Raderach"). Em 21 de abril de 1940, o motor do foguete A4 foi testado com sucesso pela primeira vez no Prüfstand 1.
Galeria
Ver também
Armas-V
Ligações externas
Peenemünde aerial photos 1942-1944
Ruínas da Alemanha
Alemanha na Segunda Guerra Mundial
| 282 |
I first<|fim_middle|> There's a sense, in this kind of process, of putting the human spirit back together again after a disaster.
Like Libeskind, I work from the imagination, upending or deconstructing something in order to create something new. I haven't responded to any other contemporary architect in such a profound way as I have to him. | felt the full impact of Libeskind's work when I entered a particular room of the Jewish Museum in 2005.
That extraordinary building, with its tilting corridors, puts you in a strange and unsettled state of mind. I hadn't experienced anything like it before. Of course you have slanting stairs in old houses, or uneven floors in churches, but to encounter such strange physical effects in a contemporary building produced a singular sensation. At the end of one of the tilted walkways was a room which visitors entered alone. It was the most chilling place I've ever been – a vertical concrete space with nothing on the walls, just a very high window on the right and a high, short ladder on the left. It instilled a sense of being left alone to face the emptiness; the room was full of horror without there being any horrific imagery. The eloquence of Libeskind's architecture was to invoke the Holocaust through that sheer sense of alienation.
That experience was a crucial part of the inspiration for my "War Requiem" – paintings of anonymous war victims and battlefields accompanied by an excerpt from Britten's requiem mass. When I began to work on the paintings for the installation, I realised I wanted to present it in the dovecote, a freestanding building in Snape Maltings whose interior, in both its height and emptiness, is similar to Libeskind's room in Berlin. The structure has a burnt-out quality – it's a strange, rusty metal box rising up out of the remains of a previous building. The haunting experiences of Libeskind's room and of Britten's music came together in my thinking.
Back in 2001, Libeskind had to face the aftermath of the attacks on the World Trade Centre: after what had happened, he had to deal with the here and now. In a similar way, my "Aftermath" sculptures – rotting pieces of wood which I had found and encouraged into life by taking bits away and adding bits on – deal with the fallout of war, the fact that life goes on after war, after 9/11. | 438 |
At Neighbor's Mill, we believe Honest Ingredients is the best policy.
Whether it's made-from-scratch American Hearth breads,<|fim_middle|> in November 2017. We hope to continue our growth with future locations in and around the Ozarks region.
Should your travels bring you to the area of our stores, we hope you'll stop by and see us!
At the intersection of wholesome food and hospitality you will find Neighbor's Mill, a community gathering place where our creative and thoughtful "Millers" provide wow experiences for our guests. | a fresh green salad made from wholesome ingredients, a warm and hearty bowl of soup, or an afternoon pick-me-up of espresso and one of our famous pumpkin cream cheese muffins, we guarantee you'll find what you're looking for at Neighbor's Mill. We're proud to offer award-winning sandwiches, soups, salads and desserts -- all made in-house daily -- on our cafe side. People come from miles around to enjoy our Honey Pecan Chicken Salad sandwich or our excellent grilled French Dip sandwich. You may often find a line out the door during lunch, which should tell you just how sought-after our menu items are (and don't worry, the line moves quickly)! We're glad to use local coffee roasters and always have a variety of coffee to choose from; or, let our skilled baristas craft you a latte, mocha or any other form of espresso drink you can dream up.
We offer 25+ varieties of hand-crafted bread. We use a 100-year-old gristmill to grind our wheat berries, shipped in from Montana, into wholesome grains that go directly into your breads. You'll never find any preservatives or artificial flavorings here. Our best-selling bread is our Neighbor's Best (sometimes referred to as "that bread with all the seeds"); it's made with nine different grains, making it both incredibly healthy and delicious! We're also proud to bake our bread for many wholesale accounts throughout the region. If you're anywhere in the Ozarks, we bet you can find a grocery store, health food store or restaurant near you that's serving our bread. The quality of our breads, and all of our products, speak for themselves and we hope you'll taste all the love that goes into making each individual loaf. We hope to break bread with you soon at Neighbor's Mill!
The idea for Neighbor's Mill had been rolling around in the minds of Mike and Karin Nabors for years.
Neighbor's Mill Bakery & Cafe is a family-owned bakery/cafe specializing in handcrafted, all-natural breads, grilled and cold sandwiches, soups, salads, desserts and coffee/espresso drinks.
The idea for Neighbor's Mill had been rolling around in the minds of Mike and Karin Nabors for years (in 1974 Mike purchased the 100+ year old gristmill they use today to grind whole grains into rich flour). In the mid-nineties, their ideas began to gel. They wanted to produce the finest, made-from-scratch, handcrafted breads and pastries available anywhere; they wanted to make bread the star of the show in their in-house cafe, serving unique sandwiches, homemade soups and salads; they wanted to offer premium coffee and espresso; they wanted to create a unique atmosphere reminiscent of a 19th century gristmill.
A beautiful site with mature sugar maples was selected in Harrison, Arkansas, Karin's hometown, and ground was broken on Neighbor's Mill in December 1999. The antique-brick structure is patterned after the old Graue Mill in Oakbrook, Illinois. Inside, the massive exposed timbers give one the feeling of being in a working gristmill. When it opened in August 2000, The Mill became an immediate hit in the Ozarks region.
After a time, the Nabors family decided to expand their growing family business. The second location of Neighbor's Mill opened in January 2016 in Springfield, MO and is owned/operated by Lauren Nabors Brown and Clifton Brown. The third location and first true franchise store opened shortly after in Rogers, AR | 745 |
Sigfrid<|fim_middle|>905
Avlidna 2002
Män | Liljekvist, född den 27 augusti 1905 i Malmö, död den 13 april 2002 i Lund, var en svensk präst.
Liljekvist växte upp i Holmeja hos en faster, sedan hans föräldrar gått bort i unga år. Han avlade studentexamen i Lund 1925, filosofie kandidatexamen 1926 och teologie kandidatexamen 1928.
Han prästvigdes samma år och blev vice pastor i Barsebäcks och Hofterups församlingar fram till 1930 då han blev komminister i Äspö församling. Han blev kyrkoherde i Källstorps församling 1942, kontraktsprost i Vemmenhög 1959, i Ljunits och Herrestad 1962 samt emeritus 1971.
Vid sin pensionering 1971 bosatte sig Liljekvist och hustrun Anna, född Pålsson (1908-1980; gifta den 27 augusti 1932) på Östra Torn i Lund. Efter att makan avled 1980 ägnade sig Liljekvist åt att läsa historia och historiska romanskildringar samt åt matematiska problemlösningar.
Liljekvist tog på hösten 1957 initiativet till att bilda Klagstorps Föreläsningsförening. Han blev ledamot av Nordstjärneorden 1961.
Källor
Biografisk matrikel över Svenska kyrkans prästerskap 1970, på Svenska Prästförbundets uppdrag redigerad av Ivar Hylander, Lund 1971
Noter
Svenska kontraktsprostar
Riddare av Nordstjärneorden
Präster från Malmö
Födda 1 | 488 |
Arum dioscoridis is a perennial plant up to 1 feet (30 cm) tall. In winter appear green, arrow-shaped leaves. In spring, the short-stalked inflorescence appears consisting of a black, rod-shaped spadix surrounded by a yellow-green, purple-mottled brown or even purple bract. The female flowers are located at the bottom of the spadix, above are the male flowers and the top is a sterile area (append<|fim_middle|>eding is a good idea with Arums, especially if they are in pots. Feed with a high nitrogen liquid feed once a fortnight. This will feed the leaves which in turn will feed the tuber/rhizome.
When potting up tuberous aroids, use a pot three times the diameter of the tuber… – See more at: How to Grow and Care for Arums.
Native to forests in the east of the Mediterranean in southern Turkey, Cyprus, and the Middle East. | ix).
Arums are quite easy to grow. The shade/part shade species need a moist but free draining soil. Their biggest threat comes from drought. However most species are sun lovers and are grown on what is known as a "Mediterranean Cycle", that is a warm and dry summer and a cool and wet winter. The most important thing with this latter group is drainage. Drainage should be very sharp as they will not tolerate sitting in water at all.
Fe | 95 |
Album Review: iDKHOW – Razzmatazz
The long-awaited debut iDKHOW album is finally here, but does it live up to the hype and expectation?
David McLaughlin
It feels like forever ago since I Don't Know How But They Found Me first shimmied onto the scene in all their sparkly, retro-futuristic alt.pop glory. In fact, it's been four years since Dallon Weekes started to swap his supporting cast duties in Panic! At The Disco for the spotlight of this starring role. But now, with the help of co-conspirator Ryan Seaman on drums and backing vocals, iDKHOW's debut full-length<|fim_middle|>20 just yet… | has finally arrived and it's every bit as flamboyant as an album that bears the name Razzmatazz should be. The heirs to Slayer's crown this pair most definitely are not.
Rather, iDKHOW come from a long lineage of musicians who see the world of rock as a playground of joy and endless creative colour, determined to mould fresh sonic shapes out of the tried and tested raw materials of drums, guitars, synthesisers and… the occasional burst of saxophone. The songs might hark back to the comparatively simpler times, aesthetic and tropes of the 1980s, but who couldn't use a little of that familiar warmth in their lives during the ultra-gloom of the present day?
If you've been following the teaser campaign that's thus far included taster singles Leave Me Alone, New Intervention and the title-track, you'll know that owing much as they do to the past, iDKHOW are far from stuck there. Sure, theirs is a world of arcade game sounds, robotic voices, late-night infomercials and orchestra-hit samples, backed by a musical mash-up that bows down to legends like Bowie, The Beatles and a swathe of new wave acts. But just like their kindred spirits in The 1975 and twenty one pilots, there's enough of the here and now to keep things feeling fresh and forward-facing. It's a little like the musical equivalent of The Duffer Brothers showing their love of John Hughes and Steven Spielberg movies through Strangers Things – with these songs boasting similar nostalgic charms and romance, fuelled by an underlying sense of hope and determination, even when all feels lost.
Across all 14 tracks on offer, the record whizzes by with impressively realised pacing; not a moment is wasted, although the mood peaks and drops as required. There's a ton of invention and neat tricks to be discovered in the detail, with an obvious obsessional passion that's gone into everything, alongside the undeniable force of Dallon Weekes' personality, shining up front and centre at all times. If you want a dance party, Sugar Pills and Lights Go Down have got you covered. He does wistful and contemplative too, with Kiss Goodnight and old favourite Nobody Likes The Opening Band. Perhaps you fancy some cinematic robo-jazz? Perhaps you don't realise you do. Get on The Gallows to find out. However jaunty the musical hat iDKHOW try on is, they tend to rock it with style and ease throughout.
It may have arrived to the party fashionably late, but Razzmatazz comes at just the right time and it was well worth the wait. iDKHOW might not be changing the game exactly, but they're packing the kind of addictive, dopamine-like qualities that'll make you want to keep pumping coins into the slot for another hit, time and time again.
Verdict: 4/5
For Fans Of: The 1975, The Killers, Panic! At The Disco
Razzmatazz is out on October 23 via Fearless and is available to pre-order/pre-save now.
READ THIS: 36 reasons to still be cheerful in 2020
iDKHOW share remix version of New Invention featuring Tessa Violet
Hear Tessa Violet lend her voice to a remixed version of iDKHOW's New Invention – a song originally taken from 2020 debut album Razzmatazz.
iDKHOW announce 2022 The Thought Reform Tour
iDKHOW are hitting the road in the U.S. early next year for The Thought Reform Tour…
Reading & Leeds announce COVID-19 entry requirements
Ahead of next month's Reading & Leeds, the festival have confirmed how attendees will have to "demonstrate their COVID-19 status" to gain entry.
iDKHOW have released an ominous new song, Mx. Sinister
Ahead of the release of their Record Store Day exclusive Razzmatazz B-Sides EP, iDKHOW have shared "a chilling tale of madness and obsession", Mx. Sinister.
iDKHOW have announced their biggest-ever UK headline shows
iDKHOW will bookend their Reading & Leeds main stage appearances with a couple of massive headline dates.
Machine Gun Kelly, Creeper, iDKHOW, Boston Manor and more announced for Reading & Leeds 2021
Reading & Leeds have added a whopping 90-plus names to their 2021 festival line-up – including Machine Gun Kelly, Creeper and iDKHOW…
iDKHOW's Dallon Weekes: "When You Make Art, You Need To Satisfy Yourself First And Foremost"
Dallon Weekes talks songwriting, creativity, and iDKHOW's eagerly-anticipated debut album, Razzmatazz…
36 Reasons To Still Be Cheerful In 2020
From huge new records to innovative livestreams, you can't lose complete hope in 20 | 1,034 |
The rise of high-quality, mid-market products offering good value for money has resulted in a reordering of the toiletries and cosmetics market.
Improved quality, the addition of active ingredients and the emergence of new consumer groups are driving growth of the prestige cosmetics and toiletries sectors after half a decade of poor performance.
According to the new Datamonitor report, Marketing prestige cosmetics<|fim_middle|> is essential.
BT has made a deal with MSN to promote BT Broadband and Microsoft's latest Internet portal. The companies will spend $4m (&£2.6m) over the next two years marketing the partnership through online advertising and direct marketing. | and toiletries, the traditional segregation of prestige and mass-market products is changing, creating new sub-sectors and consumers.
Changing consumer behaviour is one of the most important factors driving this growth, as it has created new consumer groups increasingly interested in their own lifestyles, fuelled by the popularity of lifestyle magazines.
The Datamonitor study identifies a new group of "ascetics" – consumers who have a moderate outlook rather than a taste for decadence. They favour minimalist packaging, pale colours and simple ideas.
"Therapeutics", another new group, emerged during the mid-Nineties as consumers became interested in stress relief. It consists mainly of young, often professional, females who are concerned about their emotional and physical well-being.
The inclusion of active ingredients, which have a tangible, biological effect on the skin, is also proving central to market development in all categories.
In the fragrances sector, changing fashion trends have seen unisex fragrances lose popularity, to be replaced by "duos" of joint male/female fragrances, such as the Emporio Armani Him/Her duo.
Consumers are increasing the number of different fragrances they use. Functional fragrances offer additional or novel benefits, for example oil-based or low-alcohol fragrances which are kinder to the skin. Prestige sports-oriented fragrances have become popular as interest in fashion, sports and health has merged.
In the skincare market, ingredients have driven growth, with manufacturers developing products that offer anti-ageing and age-reversal benefits. The growing over-55 age group will drive sales of these products even further.
Datamonitor also predicts male consumers will use a significantly greater number of skincare products as they become more accustomed to looking after their skin.
The inclusion of active ingredients in make-up has given products more skincare benefits. In particular, suncare benefits have been a key factor behind growth.
Improved product quality and more price conscious consumers have made the traditional mass and prestige market segmentation irrelevant. Two new market segments exist. "Super-premium products" offer the most advanced product functions available in the over-the-counter market. An example is Estée Lauder's Crème de la Mere.
The second segment is the mid-market or "masstige" sector, consisting of high-quality, non-selective distribution products. This sector has emerged as a result of the decreasing time taken for product innovation to trickle down from the prestige market to the mass market. It includes products such as L'Oréal's Vichy and Nivea Visage Anti-wrinkle Cream Q10.
The mid-market has also benefited from consumers becoming more aware of the relative prices and benefits between market segments. This has encouraged manufacturers to offer functional products at lower prices.
The ability of the "masstige" sector to provide good value for money means that consumers will only trade up to the prestige market when there is a tangible benefit in doing so. But the ability of the prestige market to offer sufficient incentives to trade up varies by product category.
With skincare, product function is key – although the availability of active ingredients in the mid-market makes it competitive with the prestige segment. The masstige sector also provides a threat in colour cosmetics, another area where there is considerable focus on the inclusion of active ingredients. The fine fragrances market faces little threat, however, because of the high cost in creating brand equity and the fashion status of fragrances.
As the mid-market high-quality toiletries and cosmetics sector expands, competition will become more intense. To benefit from these growth opportunities, the correct marketing mix | 721 |
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I am so pleased to introduce a<|fim_middle|>: First Holiday Vendor and Craft Show from 6:30 a.m. until 1:00 p.m., at the Bible Institute located at 4430 Lee Hill School Drive in Fredericksburg.
Saturday, December 9: Christmas Caroling at the Jail
Sunday, December 10: Day of Service Event with the Lions Club to sell Christmas Trees from 3:00 p.m. until 6:00 p.m., at the Big Lot shopping center on Plank Road in Fredericksburg.
Tuesday, December 12: Pre-Christmas Dinner serving the community at 6:00 p.m. at the Bragg Hill Family Life Center located at 400 Bragg Hill Drive in Fredericksbug.
Sunday, January 14: Day of Service at Thurman Brisben to feed the residents from 3:00 until 7:00 p.m. Antoine Carey and his team will also be providing free haircuts.
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site design/development petite taway | new initiative for Failsafe-ERA. It's our pilot Entrepreneurship Program where we have an opportunity to highlight and assist returning citizens who have successfully transitioned from prison to the "business" world. We will help guide them and promote their business through targeted marketing and professional coaching.
Our first entrepreneur is Mr. Antoine Carey, who after serving 8 years in prison, is now the Owner/Licensed Barber of Faded & Company located at 2215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 100, Fredericksburg, Virginia. Mr. Carey's ultimate goal/dream is to open a barber school and he is well on his way. He already has one apprentice under him. Stay tuned for his new website that will be launched in the very near future.
Saturday, December 9 | 161 |
Quinovic Property Management Johnsonville have been proud leaders in Residential Property Management across Wellington's Northern Suburbs since 2004. We're a passionate and experienced team who thrive off providing the best possible customer service to both our homeowners and tenants.
Over 80% of our new business comes from existing client referrals - an achievement which was recognised at the 2018 Quinovic Conference where we were a Finalist in Best Overall Sales alongside Quinovic Hutt Valley.
We believe that owning a rental property should be both an enjoyable and profitable venture, and we are here to ensure your experience as a landlord is just that. Whether you're a first-time homeowner, or a seasoned property investor, give us a call today to discuss how we can help you maximise results for your rental property.
"The team at Johnsonville were fantastic from the start, they listened and understood our problems with our last property manager and gave measured commitments on the service we would receive. The good service continues with considered communications and advice and rapid resolution to challenges in both accounting and maintenance."
Murray & Cols - Brought their four Churton Park properties to us early 2018.
"I just wanted to thank the team at Quinovic for pulling me out of such a bad situation with my rental property. I never got a proper opportunity to express my massive gratitude. I know they'll probably say they were 'just doing their job', but really, the positive way they dealt with the situation, scooping the entire problem and fixing it completely and so efficiently is something I will never forget."
Daniel - Testimonial from 2007, still a happy client, now with 3 more rentals here and in the UK!
"I had progressively purchased and managed myself three properties and in 2008 added a fourth to my portfolio. Managing another would be little further trouble I reasoned , after all, I had always found tenants easily, they had stayed long term and I had encountered few problems over the years. But this time was different and after 6 weeks there was little response to my marketing efforts. So a call to Quinovic and within a week a suitable tenancy had been arranged! The efficiency was impressive, but what has been really amazing was my personal attitudinal change to managing my property. From acting alone, I quickly became part of an effective and professional team!"
Elizabeth - 10 years of team work across her Johnsonville and Khandallah portfolio.
For any queries about your property's renting potential,<|fim_middle|>, skills and expertise. We are a close-knit team who also have fantastic relationships with local businesses and tradespeople - including Adam Tulloch Electrical, Hockly Plumbers and William YIP Real Estate, to name a few.
Have a read of our '10 Point Promise' below to find out what sets us apart. To discuss the possibility of entrusting us with your investment, give Allistair a call today - he'll be happy to pop by and give a free, no-obligation rental appraisal - 027 522 9084.
Comprehensive Tenant Selection: Thorough background checks are carried out on all prospective tenants to ensure we are matching the right people to your property. This includes face to face meetings and viewings of the property, multiple landlord and employer reference checks, and of course credit checks. Tenant screening is one of the most important aspects of our service, as it can often determine how seamless the remainder of management will be! We have a team solely dedicated to the process, so that once a tenant is secured, your personal Property Manager can focus all their efforts on seamless communication and management throughout the tenancy.
Secure and Frequent Funds: All rents are held in a trust account and are released into your bank account 5 working days after we receive them. In most cases you will receive rent either weekly or fortnightly. We check rents every single morning, however in the case that rent is not received on the due date, we have comprehensive systems in place to ensure the tenant gets the arrears paid off as quickly as possible, and you are kept informed at all times.
Personal Property Manager: We have a highly diverse team here at Quinovic Johnsonville, and we will match you with a Property Manager who we feel will best understand your needs. With varying backgrounds and expertise, one thing each of our Property Managers have in common is that they pride themselves on providing excellent customer service and building great working relationships with their clients. Once a tenancy is secured, your personal Property Manager will be your go-to person for the course of the management.
Optimum Rents: Your property will be regularly assessed against current market conditions to ensure you are receiving market rent. If a rent increase is viable, we will propose the new rent to you before issuing notice to the tenant.
Effective Systems and Processes: As a Quinovic Franchise we use top-of-the-line systems to ensure the smooth management of your property. This includes access to your own online portal where you can access information about your property and financial statements from anywhere in the world, 24/7.
Regular Property Inspections: Your Property Manager will inspect your property one month into the tenancy, and every three months thereafter. For each inspection they will send you a report which includes photographs, a summary, a description of each room, and details of any concerns they may have.
Financial Reporting: On the first working day of each month you will receive a comprehensive financial statement so you can easily track the comings and goings of your rental. You are also able to log into your financial reporting at any time to see how things are tracking, even see payments received by us for your property on the day we process the rent. Or you can download your reporting to excel and create your own reporting. Additional to financial reports, you will also receive regular industry updates from us as well as Quinovic Group Office.
Coordination of Maintenance: When maintenance is required at your property, you can be as involved or uninvolved as you like. You are always welcome to engage your own contractors (or even do a DIY job in some cases!), but if you're not sure who to turn to for a particular job, we have fantastic relationships with trusted local suppliers who we vouch for whole-heartedly. We are happy to arrange any maintenance job big or small through our listed suppliers, and will arrange quotes (where applicable), and keep you informed of any updates.
Legislative Expertise: From drawing up contracts and agreements to preparing for (the occasional!) Tenancy Tribunal case, you can rest assured that our team know the ins and outs of the Residential Tenancy Act and always have your best interests in mind. We'll ensure that you are fully aware of your rights and responsibilities as a landlord, and likewise, that your tenant is carrying out their obligations.
The Extra Mile: No property is the same, and hence neither are our service offerings. We tailor our services to suit your needs and expectations. Whether you want to step away and leave all the hassle to us, or are more hands-on and would like regular catch-ups over a coffee, we've got you covered.
Whether you're looking for a rental or buying your first home, house-hunting can be a stressful time. Have a read of the following to ensure you know what to expect when seeking your next rental.
Individual Quinovic Branches: As part of a franchise, it is useful to note that all Quinovics are individually owned and operated. Whilst we have similar processes across the board, we are not privy to information about properties listed with other branches. When enquiring about another Quinovic property, be sure to check which branch it is listed with.
Where to find our listings: All of our properties are listed on the main Quinovic website (here) as well as on TradeMe. We also have a notice board up in the Johnsonville mall which showcases our current listings. TradeMe is the best place to search for your next rental - all property management companies as well as private landlords advertise their properties here. You can refine the search by suburb, number of bedrooms, rent etc.
How to arrange a viewing: You can arrange a viewing for any of our properties via the TradeMe advert. If a viewing time has been set, you will be able to book in for it via the ViewingTracker form at the bottom of the TradeMe listing. If there are no times currently set, you can send an enquiry via the ViewingTracker and our Letting Team will arrange a time and get back to you. Please note that we only hold viewings during business hours, and on Saturdays between 9.30am and 4.30pm. If you would like to set up a viewing time, please let us know via the ViewingTracker enquiry form so that we have all your details.
Viewing the property: Please make your best effort to arrive at the viewing at the designated time. Often the properties will be tenanted so please do not enter the property until the Viewing Agent welcomes you in. If you are running late, give us a call to let us know, however please note that we are not always able to wait as we often need to get to the next viewing.
Applying for the property: If you like what you saw, you can apply for the property online. You will have received an email confirming your viewing time - there is a link in this email that will take you through the application process. Please note that you are not able to apply for a property until you have physically viewed it. If you are unable to make it to any of the viewing times, you may have someone view it on your behalf. You can also download a PDF form to print and bring in to the office if you would prefer. You must include a copy of your NZ driver's license or passport, and provide details of your current and previous landlords, as well as three character referees. Your character referees should be employers or colleagues (present or previous), as opposed to friends or family.
The letting process: Our Letting Manager will be in touch if they have any queries about your application or require any further information. Allow 5 working days for us to work through your application and carry out the necessary checks. We will be in touch to advise whether or not your application has been successful. | Allistair (Sales Manager) is the man you want to talk to! Allistair is a residential and commercial property investor and a former business owner who cut his teeth in Insurance sales. With a deep knowledge of the local property market, in addition to 25 years of involvement with Body Corporates, Allistair is the perfect person to advise on your investment and assist in making informed decisions. Give him a call today to arrange a free appraisal.
Tom (Principal) and his wife Kate acquired Quinovic Johnsonville in 2013 after successfully owner-operating the Quinovic Hutt Valley branch for five years. With a strong background in business ownership and management, Tom believes a successful business measures its performance daily and constantly strives to improve. Tom is still very much involved in the business however has passed on the reigns to our resident Yorkshire lass, Kerrie.
Kerrie (Principal) joined us in 2012 and has spent the last 7 years proving her ability in negotiating positive outcomes as well as showing persistence in resolving some of the more challenging property management issues, first as a Property Manager, then Operations Manager, and now Principal. Kerrie oversees operations in both the Johnsonville and Hutt Valley offices. She keeps the wheels on track whilst simultaneously serving up the bulk of daily laughs. Please get in touch with Kerrie with any queries or concerns regarding the management of your property.
Karen (Letting Manager) also joined us in 2012 and is the backbone of our team here in Johnsonville. Karen oversees all aspects of letting your property, from arranging viewings, to answering queries, processing applications, carrying out reference checks, and ultimately, drawing up the tenancy agreement. Feel free to get in touch with Karen at anytime about the letting of your property.
Quinovic Johnsonville have had a reputation for results since its establishment in 2004. We are the market leaders in Residential Property Management across the Northern Suburbs. Currently managing a portfolio of 400+ properties, the majority of our rentals are within Wellington's Northern Suburbs, however we also manage a number of properties in Wellington's CBD, as well as homes in Camborne, Whitby and Aotea, through to Karori, Kilbirnie and Miramar. Our office is perfectly located on Broderick Rd in Johnsonville, making for a quick and easy trip to any of these locations should any urgent matters pop up.
Principals Tom and Kate Finlay acquired the Johnsonville branch in 2013 after successfully owning and operating the Quinovic Hutt Valley branch for five years. Kerrie Pollock has been with Quinovic Johnsonville for seven years and is now a Principal of Johnsonville as well as the Hutt Valley branch. Both Johnsonville and the Hutt Valley offices are top performing branches, after being jointly recognised as Finalists in Best Overall Sales by Quinovic Group Office in 2018.
Our team here at Johnsonville is comprised of seven full-time staff, including Kerrie, our Sales Manager, Allistair (your first point of call!), our Letting Manager, Karen, and four dedicated Property Managers - Debs, Marty, Rhiannon and Nadine. We also have numerous part-time staff who cover accounts and assist Karen throughout the letting process. Our office takes pride in our cultural diversity and wide range of backgrounds | 700 |
Yesterday Thailand became the first country in Asia to ratify the Work in Fishing Convention, which sets basic decent standards for work in the<|fim_middle|> good progress, including innovative efforts such as the use of covert patrol vessels to catch vessels fishing illegally in Thai waters. This progress has been recognised by the EU, and the country's 'yellow card' trade warning over illegal fishing was lifted earlier this year.
Royal Thai Government commits to adopting vital labour laws to tackle illegal fishing and associated human rights abuses. | fishing industry. This shows important commitment and leadership for the region. But there are still improvements to be made, and a recent proposition that 16-year-olds be allowed to work on vessels may lead to further abuse.
Thailand has made strides forward in eradicating the illegal fishing and human rights abuse that has plagued its fishing industry, the Environmental Justice Foundation (EJF) can attest. The country's monitoring, surveillance, and enforcement capabilities have shown | 92 |
2nd Delaware Pathways Conference on Preparing Delaware Workforce slated for February 23, 2016
by admin | Feb 22, 2016 | For Parents, For Students, For Teachers, In the News
Delaware's Governor Jack Markell will host the 2nd Pathways Conference on Preparing Delaware Work<|fim_middle|> Trade School for ages 16 and older. In addition, the company offers translating and interpreting in 16 languages throughout Delaware. Back to Basics is the winner of numerous awards for academic and business excellence including the Better Business Bureau Torch Award for Marketplace Ethics.
Photo by stockimages and FreeDigitalPhotos.net. | force. The event will be held at Delaware Technical and Community College, Stanton Campus at 400 Stanton Christiana Rd. in Newark on Tuesday, February 23, 2016 – 8:30 a.m. – 12:15 p.m.
The conference will bring together business leaders, educators, civic and governmental leaders, funders, students and parents to discuss how a continued collaborative effort can further the "Delaware Promise" and Delaware's talent pipeline.
During his State of the State address, Gov. Markell emphasized the continuing need for a collaborative partnership to foster success as early as middle and high school to make the "Delaware Promise" work; the Governor's statement that by 2025, 65% of Delaware's workforce will have a college degree or professional certification.
Markell will be joined by the head of one of the nation's largest private foundations, Jamie Merisotis, President and CEO of Lumina Foundation. Merisotis will deliver remarks about the education and training required to prepare today's students for good jobs in the 21st century economy. He recently authored America Needs Talent: Attracting, Educating and Deploying the 21st-Century Workforce.
Free registration for the conference is available at Delaware Pathways.
"The path to middle-class security is not what it was thirty years ago and our approach to career preparation can't be either," said Markell. "An incredible amount of work is being done across the State to achieve the Delaware Promise, from intensive training in growing fields like computer coding and health care to the Pathways to Prosperity initiative, through which thousands of high school students are gaining access to workplace experience and college credits in high-demand industries.
Through the Pathways to Prosperity initiative, a central element of the Governor's plan to fulfill the Delaware Promise, more than 2,000 high school students have enrolled in pathways, ranging from manufacturing to computer science to engineering. In 2016, the Delaware Pathways program will expand further, bringing existing pathways to additional schools and developing further pathways in additional sectors such as finance, health care, and computer networking. More than 5,000 students will participate in 29 schools.
Other efforts aligned with the Delaware Promise include the TechHire initiative to train workers for coding jobs and the Generation USA youth employment program, which is expanding from health care into other industries.
Educating Delaware for over 30 years! Back to Basics Learning Dynamics is the undisputed leader in 1-on-1 tutoring in Delaware and southeastern Pennsylvania for over 60 subjects. The company offers a unique Department of Education-approved 1-on-1 K-12 Private School in Wilmington, Delaware and a Delaware Business and | 571 |
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In Memoriam – Tony Atkinson, 1944-2017
Tony Atkinson, 1944-2017
President, Human Development and Capability Association, 2012-14
Tony Atkinson, the fifth<|fim_middle|>Severine Deneulin
Former Secretary, HDCA | President of the Human Development and Capability Association, passed away on 1 January, 2017. Tony was a brilliant economist, and he was a man of modesty, kindness and integrity, with a passion for social justice.
I first came across Tony's work when, as a student, I read two of his works. The first was Poverty in Britain and the Reform of Social Security, which had been published in 1969. The conceptual clarity combined with empirical detail, motivated by and leading to passionate policy advocacy for social justice, has been a model that many of us try to emulate. It is amazing how much I find myself repeating the basic arguments in that analysis in the current policy discourse on universalism, targeting, and transfer policies.
The second work, which had been published in 1970, also hit me like a bolt and created a channel for my own work in the years to come. This was the classic theoretical piece "On the Measurement of Inequality." Technical and mathematical virtuosity were put to the service of answering a question whose historical roots were traced back to Hugh Dalton and before—what do we mean when we say "inequality has gone up?" Tony argued that the question is deeply normative and requires a specification of value judgements. He showed a way in which such specification could lead to interpretations of standard inequality measures, and indeed developed a measure now known as the Atkinson Index of Inequality.
Frank Cowell and I organized a conference at Cornell University to mark the 40th anniversary of the inequality paper, and the presentations were sufficiently distinguished and sufficiently numerous to warrant a symposium covering two issues of the Journal of Economic Inequality in 2011. Tony himself contributed a characteristically searching piece entitled "On Lateral Thinking", asking how insights from one area of analysis (for example income inequality) did or did not translate to other areas (such as health inequality).
Tony's analytical interest in inequality and poverty was always in the broad frame of public economics. He was a founding editor of the Journal of Public Economics and like many others, I learnt my public economics from his book with Joseph Stiglitz, Lectures on Public Economics. I see this book as essentially advancing the analytical agenda of the great Cambridge economist Arthur Pigou, who argued that equity had to be treated on par with efficiency in public policy. The public economics frame, with rigorous weighing up of social cost and social benefit with equity concerns to the fore, provided a structure to thinking and analysis which Tony demonstrated in his theoretical excursions, but also in his empirical and policy contributions.
My most recent interaction with Tony was on one of his final projects. Tony chaired the World Bank's Commission on Global Poverty, of which I was a member and whose report was published in September, 2016. While commission members gave their advice, Tony was the sole author of the report, Monitoring Global Poverty. The report is already recognized to be a landmark document which will frame the work of the World Bank and other agencies in the years to come. Characteristically, while Tony presented detailed technical critiques and recommendations on income based measures of poverty, he also highlighted and emphasized that poverty was multidimensional and that monitoring non-income deprivation was a central task for international agencies. One would expect nothing less from a former President of the Human Development and Capability Association.
Tony wore his stellar professional achievements lightly. He was Sir Tony Atkinson, a Knight; a Chevalier de la Légion d'Honneur; Fellow of the British Academy; former President of the Econometric Society, the Royal Economic Society, the European Economic Association, the International Economic Association, Society for the Study of Economic Inequality, among many other honors and accolades. But we were all struck by his modest and soft spoken manner. And he listened more than he spoke.
I mourn Tony's passing even as I am inspired by his analytical and policy contributions to fighting inequality and poverty, and even as I am guided by his example of how to bring rigorous thinking to the service of social justice.
Ravi Kanbur
Human Development and Capability Association.
Tony Atkinson was a superb economist, and he was also a profound thinker about social justice. I did not know him personally, and only met him once, on the occasion of his Presidential Address. So I have, really, nothing to add to Ravi Kanbur's eloquent tribute. But I knew his ideas, and always felt that he was a model for Economics, in the way he thought everything through from first principles, with attention to normative ideas that he had pondered thoroughly and philosophically. His combination of empirical accuracy with conceptual rigor and depth is rare and to be prized and emulated. We are very privileged that he was willing to serve as President of the Human Development and Capability Association, and we were lucky to have his insights to guide us.
Martha C. Nussbaum
Founding President, HDCA
The memory of Tony Atkinson that will always stay with me is that of the first Executive Council Meeting of HDCA he was attending. This was in September 2011 at the HDCA conference in The Hague. He had given a public lecture the day before. I had arrived early in the room the meeting was due to take place. When he arrived he shook my hand and I introduced myself, and he responded by introducing himself as if nobody had ever heard of him or seen him. I said in a quiet voice 'but we all know who you are'. He didn't take notice and continued the round of introductions as people arrived. It was a very humbling experience.
| 1,145 |
In my experience as a client with MCO, I have found both the Portfolio Managers and Sales and Leasing Consultants to be very efficient, reliable, helpful and friendly and I am very grateful for all the help I have received in relation to looking after the leasing of my investment property at St Kilda Rd Towers.
It is a pleasure to deal with MCO regarding the day to day management of our properties. With our experience in the past, I have found that MCO's service is professional and prompt.
I look forward to the continued relationship in the future.
I have been a tenant at St Kilda Rd Towers for 6 years now and I am always impressed by the prompt and friendly service, attention to detail, and quick resolution to any issues. Kudos to the MCO team.
MCO have been very friendly and great to deal with. St Kilda Rd Towers is an excellent building to work from.
Good "brand" office to work from and great atmosphere.
We are a client of MCO based in Kew. Our experience with their staff and facility has been exemplary in every way.
MCO have a full range of services at a reasonable price making them a one stop shop.
I would highly recommend MCO to any business owner.
Our<|fim_middle|> right office through to the ongoing support services we receive has been excellent.
EstarOnline was new to Melbourne and when we made the decision to open our office in St Kilda Rd Towers we realised it was a worthwhile move for us.
The building has all the services you can possibly ask for and it's easy to find your way around. There are all sizes and shapes of businesses in the building. This makes the place interesting and vibrant.
I found MCO very impressive from the beginning, they were very helpful.
Our clients (and students) always comment on how beautiful our suite is and they love coming to the building.
AutumnCare is a fast growing supplier of clinical care software solutions to the Aged and Community Care industry in Australia. We were seeking an office solution in Melbourne to supplement our Western Australian operations, and after an extensive search we found the Toorak Corporate centre to be just what was required with its great location providing easy access for our clients.
We then discovered (serendipitously) that the location offered a lot more than just meeting our criteria for a place to operate from. We discovered the great services from the friendly staff on-site who are always available to assist and deliver above expectation. The strong community environment at Toorak Corporate has allowed us to establish a growing network and has made our time in the Toorak Corporate very worthwhile.
We have had MCO manage our offices at Toorak Corporate for several years. The service has been very effective, professional and timely. It saves a lot as a landlord to have someone you can trust. This is because MCO works for the landlord, as its primary client, but it also has a good reputation with tenants.
Being part of a network of offices around the city works in favour of both the tenant and landlord, since prospective tenants are attracted to specific locations around Melbourne without having to change managing agents or go through an exhaustive selection process. As MCO manages only the best in office accommodation, its tenants are assured of professional business environments.
We have experienced very little downtime as a landlord, which is important in minimising any outlay as an owner in terms of office outgoings. In particular we have found that MCO knows this commercial building well, and works in a highly collaborative way with APSO – the on-site serviced office business centre. We have had MCO manage both an ordinary commercial lease and a serviced office lease with the results being equally satisfying.
The end of financial year summaries are also helpful in satisfying ATO requirements, and in conducting associated accountancy activities (e.g. auditing) which are required for reporting of rental income. Any business or accountancy queries have been dealt with very expeditiously.
All this complemented by helpful and friendly staff and good coffee!
We have constant and on-going support from the friendly staff at MCO. In which they provide us with fast and efficient ways to solve any worries that we may have, which makes our experience here stress free.
There are very few occasions when the sales pitch is matched by the reality. St Kilda Rd Towers is a building that has a great sense of community, is easy to work in and the additional facilities make it an enjoyable experience.
Like most cynics working in the advertising/design business we rolled our eyes at all the claims, but having worked in the building and with the staff at MCO it all falls into place surprisingly well.
We have been with MCO for over 10 years and have always found the staff to be friendly and approachable whilst always displaying a dedicated and professional worth ethic.
Any issues that may arise a dealt with efficiently and in a timely manner.
We would recommend MCO to anyone looking for a dependable property management company.
As the owner of an office at Kew Junction Tower I can honestly say that in the 13 years that I have had my office managed by MCO I have never had a problem whatsoever. The team at MCO have always been more than helpful with my enquires and prompt to return telephone calls.
I can honestly say they more than helpful with whatever I needed. It has been an investment property that I have never had a worry about.
We have recently moved to Kew Junction Tower and I must say the staff are very friendly and very supportive.
The business centre is very professional, well maintained and presentable.
Thank you all and keep up the good work.
MCO have been the managing the property we own at Kew Junction Tower for the past two years. They have always been dedicated, conscientious, efficient and a pleasure to work with.
We have been using MCO for many years to look after the leasing of our offices. The staff have proved to be efficient, friendly and most importantly, in tune with the office rental market. They have looked after our portfolio very professionally and are highly recommended.
MCO have managed my commercial property for the last 14 years. They have maintained consistent occupancy of my property at competitive rates and have always been extremely responsive particularly during the years I spent living overseas. I find MCO's representatives to be very professional and always available to provide advice on the property itself or the market in general. I strongly recommend MCO to other landlords looking for a solid and reliable property manager.
It's a great pleasure working from a business facility that makes you feel like you are at home.
Well done to all staff members and we look forward to continuing our business operation form the Toorak Corporate centre on Milton Parade.
We would highly recommend MCO.
We moved into an office at Kew Junction Tower in July 2012 and have experienced a high level of service from day one.
Our business is based on providing the highest level of service to our clients and the service that we have received from everyone at MCO has been exceptional and to a standard that we would apply to our most valuable clients.
The upkeep of facilities is fantastic and responses to any queries or issues are dealt with swiftly and efficiently.
Our clients always comment on how fantastic our office and building is and we can only say thank you to the staff at MCO for adding the value that our clients enjoy.
I would like to thank MCO for all their assistance and support during the time I had the property at Exchange Tower in Melbourne CBD.
You always help in most professional way.
Our property at Exchange Tower was purchased eight years ago and has been managed by MCO since then.
We decided to purchase at Exchange Tower as this was a financially sound investment and the office suite was in a great CBD location.
Since Polly Parker commenced with MCO she has been excellent in the management of our suite and it is reassuring to know there are people like Polly who pride themselves in providing an exceptionally high standard of customer service. Polly epitomizes customer service at its highest level. Not only is she the consummate professional but she also has an infectious personality that builds strong stakeholder relationships whilst reassuring you that no task is too great.
Polly has been an absolute pleasure to deal with at all levels and MCO should feel proud to have her as an employee – she is a truly valuable asset to your organisation. | experience with MCO at Kew Junction Tower was a pleasant and very professional service. MCO took the time to understand our business needs and offered a great solution to fulfill this.
There were no surprises when we commenced our lease, everything was explained from the beginning including all the additional support services available, making it a convenient and a business friendly environment.
The process of finding the | 75 |
As parents,<|fim_middle|> it's helpful for them to know your family's values and rules about strangers, bedtime, curfews and TV shows.
This also works when your child is at a friend's house. Make sure you and your child know the other family's values and rules as well.
Mindfulness, or the practice of noticing what is going on around you and inside you during the current moment, is a proven way to reduce anxiety. The simplest way to practice mindfulness when you notice you're worried is to turn your mind to your breathing.
Stop, close your eyes, and focus on your breath as it slowly goes in and out of your body. This can help redirect your mind away from worrying. If you can make it a daily 5- to 10-minute habit, you will find your anxiety response decreasing over time.
Remember, it's normal to feel anxious about your child when they're not with you. The next time you're feeling worried, try one of these separation anxiety tips to regain your peace of mind. | we often worry about our children's separation anxiety when they are away, but it's also natural for parents to experience anxiety when your kids are at summer camp or their first sleepover.
Here's some tips to help you deal with anxiety about everything from what your kids are eating and what they're watching on TV to larger safety concerns.
According to the American Psychological Association (APA), it's completely normal to worry about your child's physical and emotional well-being when they're not with you. Try to keep in mind that new experiences and milestones, such as the first day of school or going to camp, help your child grow and learn to handle new situations.
The APA suggests this helpful planning exercise for reducing your worries: Create a list of all the things you're worried will happen, and rank them from most likely to least likely. For each of the most likely possibilities, make a plan. This way you'll have a plan of action if, for example, your child is hurt or is not feeling well while away from home.
From your list of worrying situations, make sure your child is properly prepared to cope with the ones within his or her control. For example, if you're afraid your child will get lost at camp, coach them on how to ask a counselor for help, and if you can, visit the camp with them before drop-off day to get the lay of the land.
If you're worried your child will be frightened during thunderstorms or feel homesick, prepare them with a way to calm themselves down and remind them that it's okay to ask for help. Also, make sure your kids also know their parents' full names, phone numbers and home address(es) by heart.
Doing a little preparation will help you feel more confident that they'll know what to do if a challenge arises.
Your child may pick up on your anxiety and start to worry too. Worry stems from uncertainty, so anything you can do to remove uncertainties will reduce anxiety for both you and your child. For example, when talking to your child about a new experience, focus on all the positive aspects you are certain of instead of the negative aspects.
Are you also worried about what your child is doing or will be exposed to when you're not around? As kids grow, they have to learn to navigate these murky waters themselves. That's when | 470 |
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2Based on a US home use consumer test on 104 women aged 25-65 over 8 weeks. | of 5 by BYRNECA from Feels Good I bought this a couple weeks ago, and the skin around my eyes does not feel or look right like it often does this time of the year | 41 |
Corinne Evatt and Mary-Jane Craig established and ran the celebrated four<|fim_middle|> opportunity to travel the world in one night. Dishes are designed to share with Lovers, Friends and Family in a vibrant space evocative of exotic and faraway places.
Whether you begin your journey at Cinnabar with a Cocktail, a Beer, a Glass of French Bubbles or, choose from a Wine List designed to meet the demands of their flavour rich cuisine; Corinne and Mary-Jane will welcome the opportunity to nourish you. | times Hatted multiple award winning restaurant Ashcrofts in Blackheath from 2000 to 2013. They went on to establish La Famiglia Bar and Pizzeria in Wentworth Falls which they successfully sold in November 2016.
Mary-Jane and Corinne have now returned to Blackheath to open a new, sophisticated yet casual dining concept; Cinnabar Kitchen. The menu is a distillation of their broad and varied food styles over the years, offering loyal followers and visitors an | 108 |
OTLEY'S Town Council is set to become one of the first in the country to declare a Climate Energy.
Councillors on Monday, March 25 will be asked to back a resolution that pledges 'to do everything within the Town Council's power to make Otley carbon neutral by 2030'.
Proposed by the Liberal Democrats and seconded by the Green Party, it also calls on the Government to provide the resources needed to hit that target.
The move is similar to that being made by Leeds City Council - which will consider a Climate Emergency motion next week - and<|fim_middle|> emergency." Mr Sobel's 11 year old son, Jakob, also spoke at the event. | follows two recent youth climate 'strikes' in Leeds.
Town Councillor Mick Bradley (Green, Danefield) said: "As a Green town councillor I am strongly supporting this enabling resolution from the Lib Dems which is both urgent and timely.
"Brexit is consuming virtually all of Parliamentary time, with less than 40 MPs attending a recent debate on climate change - one of whom, to his credit, was local Labour MP Alex Sobel.
"We need to seize the opportunity here to safeguard our children's future. This can be done through creating green jobs to upgrade our energy leaking homes and provide employment in areas of the country that have missed out, and by providing energy security through switching away from importing oil and gas to more renewables.
Chair of the town council's Liberal Democrat group, Councillor Ray Georgeson (Lib Dem, Danefield), said: "Climate change needs to be an issue that transcends party politics, it is the critical issue of our age and for all who follow us.
"It is our duty to lead and energise our community towards a vision for a cleaner, safer town and planet. Carbon neutrality by 2030 is not impossible it is essential, and we will do everything in our power to help make this a reality.
Mr Sobel (Lab, Leeds North West), meanwhile, addressed last Friday's youth climate protest in the city centre. He praised the city council's announcement, saying: "We will be the biggest council in the country to have declared a climate | 308 |
The report "API Management Market by Solution (API Platform, API Analytics, API Security), Service (Integration and Implementation, Consulting, Support and Maintenance, Training), Deployment Type, Organization Size, Industry, and Region - Global Forecast to 2023", The Application Programming Interface (API) management market size is expected to grow from USD 1.2 billion in 2018 to USD 5.1<|fim_middle|> invest majorly in leading tools and technologies for effective business operations.
Major vendors offering API management solutions and services across the globe include IBM (US), Google (US), Oracle (US), Red Hat (US), Software AG (Germany), Axway (US), MuleSoft (US), Microsoft (US), SAP SE (Germany), AWS (US), CA Technologies, a Broadcom company (US), TIBCO (US), Kony (US), Rogue Wave Software (US), Sensedia (Brazil), Torry Harris Business Solutions (US), Tyk Technologies (England), WSO2 (US), Osaango (Finland), Dell Boomi (US), and Postman (US).
Don't miss out on business opportunities in API Management Market. Speak to our analyst and gain crucial industry insights that will help your business grow. | billion by 2023, at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 32.9% during the forecast period. The growing demand for modern APIs to seamlessly connect various applications and devices as well as advanced analytics to get real-time insights on API performance and usage are some of the major factors driving the growth of the API management market.
Browse 71 market data Tables and 37 Figures spread through 139 Pages and in-depth TOC on "API Management Market by Solution (API Platform, API Analytics, API Security), Service (Integration and Implementation, Consulting, Support and Maintenance, Training), Deployment Type, Organization Size, Industry, and Region - Global Forecast to 2023"
The Banking, Financial Services, and Insurance (BFSI) sector is undergoing massive disruption, driven by regulatory changes and competitive pressures. Financial institutions are being forced to open up their systems to foster innovation, leading to better services for customers. Moreover, with the advent of mobile technology, customers' preferences and behavior are changing. Today, digital banking applications have grabbed a large share of customer transactions. API management solutions can help banks pursue new distribution channels, while also finding new ways to improve the customer digital banking experience and fasten the product development process.
API management services have a wide scope of usage, ranging from feasibility analysis, strategy and implementation, and valuations and development of modern APIs to cater business-specific needs of organizations. API management services help businesses bridge legacy systems to modern applications, and deliver connected experiences to clients and partners while also maintaining control and reliability of backend systems. This has created opportunities for vendors to provide services to enterprises across different industry verticals and help them deal with complexities while configuring the API management solution.
North America is estimated to account for the highest share of the market in 2018. The region comprises developed countries, such as the US and Canada, and is considered the most advanced region in terms of adopting digital technologies. The North American region exhibits a wide presence of key industry players offering API management solutions, and its financial position enables it to | 423 |
Rainbow Ffolly interview with Roger Newell
1. Thank you for taking your time to do this interview about your band. Firstly I would like to ask you where did you grow up and what are some of your influences from back then?
I was born and grew up in High Wycombe in Buckinghamshire. I first got into music in about 1957 and enjoyed listening to the Everly Brothers, Danny And The Juniors and a bit of Presley. It wasn't until I heard Apache by the Shadows in 1960 that I felt I'd like to play music and so then I started to save money in order to buy a guitar.
2. Were you or others in any bands before forming Rainbow Ffolly? Any releases perhaps? Why the name Rainbow Ffolly?
Different local bands only on a semi-pro basis for all of us with the odd demos but no formal releases. I started in The Technics which later became The Switch before joining up with Jon, Richard and Stewart.
Jon (Dunsterville) came up with the name. He'd been reading an article on names with impact that suggested using colours and miss-spelling. Rainbow was effectively all the colours and folly meant fun. Miss spelling that with a double F and there you have it. We all liked it too so that's what we became.
3. Tell me about the start of Rainbow Ffolly…how did you come together?
Stewart Osborn and I lived in the same road and grew up together. We both took a keen interest in music and both bought guitars and started playing in 1961. Stewart soon switched to drums and quickly landed a job playing with Force Four with Jon and Richard Dunsterville and a bass player called Alan Thomas. I was a big fan of Jet Harris (bass player with The Shadows) and really liked playing bass and a shortage of players in High Wycombe who actually owned a bass guitar meant I got a lot of gigs very quickly and ended up in a couple of hard working semi pro bands. At a point where Force Four were about to turn professional they needed another bass player and Stewart suggested me. We had a rehearsal together and got on so well musically and socially that I joined immediately. We changed the name to Rainbow Ffolly a few months down the line as part of that professional move.
4. In 1968 you released a single on Parlophone records called Drive My Car / Go Girl. Would you like to tell me how did you get signed up?
Well actually we recorded and released the album first. In fact we were the first band in Britain (and maybe the World) who released an album before a single! Parlophone took Drive My Car from the album but Go Girl was a new track recorded much later.
It all started when we went to the Jackson Studios in Rickmansworth (close to High Wycombe) to record a demo record of two or three tracks. They liked how we sounded and asked if we had more original material? We had a couple more songs in the can so they said come back next week with a dozen and we'll record an album with you and see if we can get a deal. It'll cost you nothing. How could we refuse? So we went home and wrote. Jon proved a prolific writer and a dozen songs in a week was well within his capacity back then and he built on some of our stuff too. The Jackson's were ecstatic with what we'd produced so we made what we thought were a batch of demos. When we'd put it all down, jingles and all, John and Malcolm took the tapes to major companies in London. They went to EMI first and they really wanted the album, but just as it was, no re-recording. We<|fim_middle|> "a pretentious twenty-something". His real name definitely has an H in it!
porto-bello
I was browsing through my large record library today,and pulled "Rainbow Ffolly" out to play. Have always loved this album's cute music, as well as it's amazing psych cover. I have purchased it in a "Very Good" condition as a used vinyl, Parlophone/PCM-7050, Mono, at a record store not far from my college in Shephard's Bush, circa '68-'69 sometime, for the sum of 22/6 (One Pound, Two Shillings and six Pence)! Price tag still on the back cover, and a "Factory Sample NOT FOR SALE" sticker on side-2.
Helen Light
There is now a project to reconstruct the Jackson Studios mentioned in this article as a museum piece at Chiltern Open Air Museum highlighting the work of the many artists who recorded there. http://www.coam.org.uk/jackson-studios/ | were utterly amazed.
Me, Jon, Stewart, Richard.
5. Sallies Fforth is your legendary album from 1968. I would like if you could tell me some of the strongest memories from producing and recording this LP?
Mostly it was really good fun. We had no time or cost constraints so had pretty much a free run of things. Malcolm and John Jackson (sons of the late DJ Jack Jackson) produced and engineered the whole thing and were tremendously helpful in keeping things on track and offering suggestions. They also provided biscuits, cake and gallons of tea so we felt very much at home there. We were still gigging all the way through the process. We never seemed to drop below twenty gigs a month no matter what else we were up to.
What gear did you use?
Personally, my Fender Precision bass (which I still have and still use to record with) and a Burns Shadows Bass, straight into the desk. I had a variety of bass amps during that time as I had a habit of wearing them out. These included a Vox T60 Head and Cab, Vox 100watt Bass Head and a Burns Double B rig. Jon had a Gretsch White Falcon and a Strat, Richard a Gibson acoustic and a twelve string and Stewart had a Ludwig kit as far as I remember.
How many copies were made?
No idea but obviously not enough! They cost a fortune these days if you can find one!
The cover artwork is mind blowing. Please tell us more about it!
This is Jon again! Great artist and this is essentially a collage of things that were part of our collective lives at the time. Things we wore, things we did, things we said, a lot of 'in' jokes there. Like the codes on the names on the back cover that denotes birthday (without year) hair and eye colour and instrument. The cuddly elephant (Gruddley Pod), the jigsaw giraffe, the scantily clad girls all had a meaning to us that is totally lost on the rest of the world and that's probably just as well.
6. I will write down all the songs from the album and I would really appreciate it if you could comment each song a bit.
A1 She's Alright
Just a straight forward pop song, good to play on stage.
A2 I'm So Happy
This is a jaunty little piece that kind of summed up haow were were feeling at the time.
A3 Montgolfier
The real title is Montgolfier '67 and in 1968 it denoted the 185th Anniversary of the first public demonstration of the Montgolfier Brothers hot air balloon. Everyone forgets to put the year after this for some reason. We liked kiting and balloons so this seemed a good subject to write a song about.
A4 Drive My Car
This started out as a hastily put together track that turned out to be a winner like sometimes happens. It's a strong song and it's no wonder it was picked out as the single.
A5 Goodbye
Sweet sad song this, and something that Jon could just rattle off when he was in the right frame of mind. He was an amazingly talented guy and very inspirational.
A6 Hey You
Strange musical harmonies on this and a weird experimental mix from the Jacksons make this a curious song that was always fun to play. It was much heavier on stage, bordering on heavy metal although that hadn't happened at that time!
A7 Sun Sing
This was one of the first songs we demoed and caught the Jackson's interest. Used to play this on stage a lot and it's still one of our favourites.
B1 Sun and Sand
Summertime song that evolved as we played hence written by all. No heavy words or meaning, just lets go down to the beach and have some fun.
B2 Labour Exchange
As a musician there were odd times that we all had to visit this place. We hated it and making fun out of it in a song helped to make it less fearsome.
B3 They'm
This is just totally bonkers! Great fun to record and using an old out of tune piano that happened to be there. It was so bad it was funny to hear so it was ideal for the track.
B4 No
This came from me and Jon experimenting with chromatic runs. We often used to play bass and guitar riffs together to see what we could do. This got a bit out of hand and we said, can we make a song out of this? No! But we did and the title remained.
B5 Sighing Game
This evolved from a little tune I'd been playing around with that Jon liked and then turned into a song. You just had to give him something and he would take it as inspiration and out would come another tune. Sad little song this although I don't remember feeling sad at the time.
B6 Come on Go
This started from a guitar phrase from Jon. Bit of Chet Atkins with a rock-a-billy feel in a way. Like most of the stuff we did, it was easy on the ear and fun to play and listen to.
7. Did you ever tour? If so please tell where and with who?
Like I said earlier Ffolly was constantly on the road with a diary that had over twenty gigs a month and that went on for three or four years. Most nights we played at least two hours but often we would do more. Bloody hard work but we loved it. It took its toll though and that along with the failure to 'make it big' with the album that constant work ethic played a part in the demise of the band. My touring days are not over as you will see below.
8. I bet you have some interesting stories to share about playing together etc.
Jon dunsterville, Richard Dunsterville, Stewart Osborn, Roger Newell and the guy to the far right is our manager John Sparrowhawk.
Well we certainly enjoyed our two week residency at the Playboy Club in Park Lane in London for a start! That was our first fully professional engagement. We did a week in the Star Club in Hamburg. That was four 45 minutes sets a night and we used to get back to where we stayed about 3.30am. Tough gig that. We travelled everywhere in an old ambulance that we put a huge key on the top as if it was clockwork. It certainly drew attention.
We played a club one night that was insistent on harmony bands that had a minimum of four members. It was a prestigious gig and we were keen to do it. However the morning of the gig Richard was taken ill with food poisoning and was far too ill to play. So we got a sheet of cardboard and made a life sized cut out of him than set off to the gig. We played as a trio with the cardboard Richard and when the club owner popped it during the evening to see that everything was ok he glanced at us, saw four on stage and heard the three part harmonies and all was well. He was happy and we got paid. We played there a few times after that but as a genuine four piece. We told Richard the first one was the best gig we'd done! Essentially we virtually lived in the ambulance. Often slept in it when we were miles from anywhere too. Amazing how comfortable a 4×12 cabinet is when you've just played for three hours, packed up the van then travelled 200 miles until too exhausted to go further.
9. What happened next for you?
When Ffolly folded Stewart and I formed a heavy rock band with a couple of friends which was called Bad Wax. It was short lived but great fun. After that I floated about a bit musically then met up with Rick Wakeman when I was playing in my local pub. He got up and joined in and a few weeks later we did Journey To The Centre Of The Earth with him. When that album topped the charts he quit Yes and I became a founder member of the English Rock Ensemble and toured the World with him as well as make a few more albums.
10. Guerssen Records did an amazing job reissuing your album. Are you happy with it?
Very happy indeed! They've done an incredibly accurate job of recreating the original vinyl album and you get Go Girl as an added bonus. The artwork looks brilliant still and the overall quality is excellent. The info sheet inside, written by Brian Hogg is a nice surprise and another great addition. I also have the See For Miles and the Rev-Ola Cds and both are fine. The Rev-Ola is good because you get the Drive My Car mono single mix as well the flip, Go Girl which is available on both. It's all that was ever released sadly. Unfortunately none of us get any royalties for what we did but we're pleased that our music is still out there.
11. What are you doing these days?
After Rick I worked and wrote with a girl called Su Lyn in Cambridge and we produced some pretty good stuff of which I'm very proud but nothing was properly released sadly. From that I joined a heavy rock band called Trux. Again great fun but nothing released that I was on. For the last twenty odd years I've been playing for original British rock n roller, Marty Wilde as a member of the Wildcats. Great band and a great bunch of blokes so who could ask for more. We work as much as possible and do a full blown tour every two or three years. I'm also a music journalist writing about bass and reviewing the latest CDs and DVDs so still very much involved with music I'm glad to say.
Interview made by Klemen Breznikar / 2011
© Copyright http://psychedelicbaby.blogspot.com/ 2011
InterviewRainbow FfollyRoger Newell
Klemen Breznikar January 19, 2021
Great interview! Such an awesome album! I like sun and sand the most :)
CurriedUnicorn
Just to point out, the 'Jon' was John being (in his own words) | 2,091 |
The Day Dream Collection presents six new whimsical colors that embody the spirit and the optimism of the spring season with soft, shimmering pastels complemented by vibrant and strong shades of pink and orange. This inspiring collection helps any woman embrace her greatest fantasy and bring it to life.
Scheduled release date is April <|fim_middle|> like them, I do too. Subtle and not pastel!
Musicalhouses~I think they may be nice for a more toned down look, and the bright ones are nice for summer. I'll be using them soon though and we'll find out.
They look like other polishes that I've seen before. I'll wait till I see them swatched till I pass on them. | 2010.
All Jessica Custom Colors are formulated with Vitamin A for maximum conditioning, contain UVA/UVB protection from the sun's damaging rays, are Eco-friendly, Toluene, Formaldehyde and Phalate Free, and are quick drying.
I love Jessica, but honestly I have some Jessica colors that look so similar to 4 of these. I do think they are setting themselves apart from ChG, CC, and Essie by NOT doing pastel cremes.
Awww, they're pretty, but not anything exciting...Maybe they'll look better on!
Nikki~at least your money is safe! I am curious to try them and honestly, I'm getting overwhelmed with all of the pastels, so this is a nice change.
itskarmababy~I tend to agree with you on setting themselves apart. There pastels that keep coming out are all starting to look alike!
gildedangel~glad you | 193 |
It was hailed as the 'Minnesota moonshot' — but why hasn't antibody testing taken off?
Catharine Richert
May 22, 2020 11:30 a.m.
ListenIt was hailed as the 'Minnesota moonshot' — but why hasn't antibody testing taken off?
Lab scientists work to validate rapid antibody tests of COVID-19 samples from recovered patients at the Mirimus lab in New York City last month.
Misha Friedman | Getty Images
Updated: 1:10 p.m.
A month ago, Gov. Tim Walz announced a $36 million strategy for coronavirus testing in Minnesota.
He described the plan, which harnesses the testing capacity of Mayo Clinic and the University of Minnesota, as a "moon shot" to bolster the state's ability to detect and stop the spread of coronavirus.
"We are smothering this issue of testing, I'd argue, with talent better than any place on the planet," Walz said in April.
The plan called for the state to ramp up its testing capacity to 20,000 coronavirus diagnostic tests daily. But it also called for 15,000 serology tests daily — blood tests meant to detect if someone has already been exposed to the virus.
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Full coverageCoronavirus in Minnesota
Those tests have been hailed as a key component to understanding how widely the virus has spread in the community, and therefore offer a key set of data that leaders can use as they consider paths to reopening. But while Minnesota appears to be steadily increasing its capacity for testing that diagnoses COVID-19, antibody testing hasn't gotten off the ground.
What is a serology test?
A serology test — also known as an antibody test — relies on a blood sample to detect whether someone has developed antibodies to the coronavirus. The presence of antibodies is an indicator that someone has already been exposed to — and fought off — the virus, even if they never showed symptoms.
These tests differ from diagnostic tests, which rely on samples taken with a nasal swab to determine if someone has an active coronavirus infection.
Who can get a serology test — and how?
So far, the state hasn't issued guidance on who should get this kind of test — and how they can get one. In Minnesota, the University of Minnesota and Mayo Clinic have each developed their own antibody tests, but they're not yet widely being used.
Mayo Clinic, for instance, has conducted 70,000 tests to date — 13,000 of them in Minnesota — and does<|fim_middle|> infected with coronavirus to treat those currently experiencing COVID-19.
Mayo Clinic is coordinating a nationwide program to collect blood plasma from people who have recovered from a coronavirus infection to help treat patients still fighting the virus.
If a person falls into one of those categories, how can they get tested?
At the moment, patients who think they should get antibody testing need to contact their doctor's office for the referral. Because it's a blood test, samples can be taken as they would for many other blood tests.
People who get positive results may consider participating in a nationwide study lead by Mayo Clinic that is looking at whether plasma from people who have had COVID-19 can be used to treat people who are currently fighting the virus. Mayo Clinic says they are looking for people to donate plasma within a month of a positive antibody test, as that's when the antibodies are strongest. Interested patients and physicians can learn more at uscovidplasma.org.
You can also learn more on the Memorial Blood Centers website and apply directly to Mayo Clinic through this questionnaire.
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Where to find a COVID booster (and more booster questions, answered) | as many as 4,000 tests daily, said Elitza Theel, director of the infectious diseases serology lab at Mayo Clinic.
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But because there's no statewide effort to offer antibody testing for specific groups of people — as there has been for diagnostic testing — there's no consistency so far in who is getting tested.
Theel said samples are arriving at her lab from in-state and out-of-state clients.
Some hospitals, including Mayo, are using the test to prescreen patients arriving for care. Some businesses are using them to screen employees. And individuals can ask for a test from their health care provider.
Antibody testing is a prominent part of the state's three-part COVID-19 strategy: "Test, trace, track." Why aren't more people being encouraged to get the tests?
One reason state health officials say they have been reticent to suggest widespread testing is reliability. In addition to the Mayo and U of M tests, private companies have also developed their own antibody testing.
State officials say there are tests on the market that don't produce reliable results. The Food and Drug Administration has raised the alarm about faulty tests on the market, and is more rigorously regulating them.
Theel says Mayo has a high level of confidence in its own test, which has earned emergency use authorization from the FDA.
Getting an antibody test for the coronavirus?Here's what it won't tell you
MoreAntibody tests for coronavirus can miss the mark
But Dr. Ruth Lynfield, Minnesota's state epidemiologist, said there are lingering questions about what to do with the results of even the most reliable tests. Scientists still don't know if the presence of coronavirus antibodies detected suggest a person has some level of protection against getting the virus again. And if they do offer some protection, scientists don't know how much — or how long it lasts.
"If you get a result and you are positive, that doesn't necessarily mean that you are protected from getting infected again. That is the piece that we still need to learn," Lynfield said.
And as the state inches toward reopening, Lynfield said getting a positive antibody test result may give someone a false sense of security — and might lead them to make decisions that could put themselves and others at risk of contracting the virus.
Are these tests useful at all?
Lynfield said that, while antibody tests aren't generally useful on the patient level yet, that might change with more research.
"I'm hoping that some time soon, we will know more about protective immunity and use it more effectively," she said.
But when it comes to the bigger picture, serology tests can help state health officials understand the virus' prevalence in a given community. Lynfield said that the state will be involved in several studies in the coming months to better understand the coronavirus' spread.
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There are also two clinical uses that can be beneficial right now: In children and in helping patients still fighting the disease.
Lynfield said it's appropriate to test children who present symptoms of an inflammatory syndrome that has recently been associated with the virus.
And Theel said identifying people who have coronavirus antibodies can help medical providers develop their convalescent plasma programs — which use plasma from people who've already been | 760 |
Cleveland Ohio commercial and residential lawn & garden maintenance, landscaping, patio design and installation, and snow removal services.
"When I decided to have a brick patio installed, I received several estimates, but when I met Pete, I just felt he was the most enthusiastic and sincere. Those guys built one heck of a patio at a fair price. Thank you so much, Superior"
"My property is beautifully maintained week in and week out, snow or shine, without hassle. Superior employees are mindful of our own customers and are cautious around our building and vehicles."
"I have never met a harder working group of people. They worked through terrible weather to get the job done and left our house as clean as they found it. Thanks."
"I had Superior Landscapes on direct withdrawal from my checking account, but after the season ended I forgot to end payments. Shortly after I got a phone call and a refund check for my<|fim_middle|> of my existing landscape in their plan!"
Superior Landscapes is a premier landscaper located in Berea, OH and serving Bay Village, Brookpark, Brecksville, Broadview Heights, Brunswick, Cleveland, Columbia Station, Hinckley, Lakewood, Medina, Middleburg Heights, North Olmsted, North Ridgeville, North Royalton, Olmsted Falls, Parma, Richfield, Rocky River, Strongsville, Seven Hills, Valley City, Westlake and surrounding areas. | error, I would never had caught that and was happy to see people still doing business honestly."
"Thanks to the imagination of the gentlemen who designed my new backyard, it has become the talk of the neighborhood, my waterfall is so natural and relaxing!"
"Our business was built on trust and reliability, we look for contractors who practice the same ethics, we are happy to work with Superior Landscapes."
"When looking for a landscaper i had a hard time getting someone to return my call, let alone make it to an appointment, but Superior was punctual and easy to work with, they saved me hundreds by using some | 124 |
Tag: Scanline VFX
ZACK SNYDER'S JUSTICE LEAGUE
Don't miss this great new teaser for ZACK SNY<|fim_middle|> are made by: Cinesite (VFX Supervisor: Ben White) Digital Domain Industrial Light & Magic (VFX Supervisor: Craig Hammack) Mammal Studios... | DER'S JUSTICE LEAGUE! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XIOU_k4mwDw The VFX are made by:DNEG (VFX Supervisor: Tom Proctor)MPC (VFX Supervisor: Seth Maury)Scanline VFX...
Brand new trailer for FREE GUY! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JORN2hkXLyM The VFX are made by:Digital DomainLola Visual EffectsMammal StudiosRaynault VFXScanline VFX Director: Shawn LevyRelease Date: December 11, 2020 (USA) © Vincent...
Yeah! Bruce Wayne is back in this teaser for THE BATMAN! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NLOp_6uPccQ The VFX are made by:Weta Digital (VFX Supervisor: Dan Lemmon)Scanline VFX (VFX Supervisor: Julius...
Get ready for the return of the crazy team of THE SUICIDE SQUAD: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VImYeXnr13Q The VFX are made by:FramestoreWeta Digital (VFX Supervisor: Guy Williams)TrixterScanline VFXCantina Creative The...
JOKER: VFX Reel by Scanline VFX
Let's have a look at the seamless VFX work made by Scanline VFX on JOKER: https://vimeo.com/389466199 © Vincent Frei – The Art of VFX – 2020
TERMINATOR – DARK FATE: VFX Breakdown by Scanline VFX
Come have a look at the work of Scanline VFX on TERMINATOR: DARK FATE: https://vimeo.com/386211448 © Vincent Frei – The Art of VFX – 2020
Scanline VFX Company Showreel 2020
Let's have a look at the latest work of Scanline VFX and more precisely MIDWAY, SPIDER-MAN: FAR FROM HOME, the final season of GAME...
THE WRONG MISSY: VFX Breakdown by Scanline VFX
Scanline VFX invites us to go swimming with a shark in this VFX Breakdown showing their work on the Netflix movie, THE WRONG MISSY: https://vimeo.com/423168139 ©...
THE FIRST: VFX Breakdown by Scanline VFX
Let's take a tour in orbit above the Earth with Scanline VFX who presents their work on the TV series, THE FIRST: https://vimeo.com/423163786 © Vincent Frei...
Really cool final trailer for BLACK WIDOW! The VFX | 578 |
Central<|fim_middle|> and structures completed in 1868 | Hydraulic Tower is a Grade II listed building situated in Birkenhead, England. It was designed by J. B. Hartley to provide the necessary power to move the bridges and lock gates art the adjacent Birkenhead Docks. The building design was based on the Palazzo Vecchio town hall situated in the Piazza della Signoria, Florence, Italy. Currently disused, the building is planned to be used as a martine knowledge hub as part of the Wirral Waters development scheme.
History
During the Second World War the building and tower were considerably damaged by aerial bombing but and were later repaired in a more functional instead of architectural style. The large lantern that was once situated at the top of the tower was not replaced. The building is now disused and in a dilapidated condition.
As part of the Wirral Waters development, a new plan for the site was completed in March 2008 for a £12 million redevelopment and restoration of the building by Peel Holdings for it to be converted into a restaurant and bar. A hotel complex with92 rooms was planned to be constructed immediately adjacent to it. These plans never came to fruition and in September 2015 it was announced that the tower would become part of a £30 million advanced manufacturing and engineering skills centre. Known as the 'Hydraulic Tower and Generator Project', owners Peel intend to create 90,000 square feet of space for offices and workspaces for small to medium fast-growing businesses.
In March 2021, it was announced that the building would be brought back in to use as The Maritime Knowledge Hub and will be a national base for marine engineering research and development and survival training as well as providing business accelerator space for the maritime sector. The project will cost £23m. Planning permission was raised by Peel in June 2022, with work hoping to be started in mid-2023.
Description
Historic England describes the building as being 3 storeys, made of brick with rock-faced stone dressings. The boiler room was originally home to six boilers while two engines pumped steam through the system in another room.
See also
Listed buildings in Wallasey
References
Sources
Buildings and structures in Birkenhead
Grade II listed buildings in Merseyside
Buildings | 478 |
Lucy Silag, community and engagement manager at Book Country, has written a very helpful whitepaper outlining the benefits of including beta-readers in your writing process. Book Country is an online writing and publishing community that is a division of Penguin Random House. Lucy is a graduate of the fiction program at the Iowa Writers' Workshop. She is also the author of the Beautiful Americans novels for young adults (Penguin/Razorbill) and has written nonfiction for magazines and blogs. What follows is an excerpt from her whitepaper, which you can obtain when you register on the Book Country site.
The idea of a "beta-reader" comes from the parlance of start-up companies. Before a company launches a new website, they will ask web-savvy "beta-users" to use their site and give feedback on it. The company then has a chance to improve their site before they make it widely available to the public, which helps them to make a better product and avoid bad publicity.
A "beta-reader," then, is someone who reads your book and gives you feedback on it before you begin the publishing process. This helps you to see how readers would react to your book if you tried to sell your current version to them.
How do beta-readers help writers?
Beta-readers help writers to figure out which parts of their books are working and which parts need to be revised. Often, writers can't see what's not working in a manuscript unless someone points it out to them. Additionally, a beta-reader can make suggestions for how to improve your book's cover, marketing copy, and even your author bio.
Who Is the Right<|fim_middle|>. | Beta-Reader for You?
Do they read a lot of books, especially contemporary books? Are they aware of current publishing trends and bestselling writers?
Are they well-read in the genre that you are writing in? For example, if you are writing romance, you'll want a beta-reader who has read many romance novels. They'll be able to tell you how your book measures up against other writers of the genre.
Do they write too? A writer will be able to analyze your book in a way that goes beyond what the average reader will offer in terms of feedback. A beta-reader who is also a writer can tell you not just where you have made typos or copyediting mistakes but can also offer suggestions for how to improve voice, character development, plot, setting, and pacing.
Online workshopping has become a convenient, low-risk, and free way for writers to get feedback on their work. Often called "online writing communities," these sites are like social networks for writers and no-commitment writing classes all in one. Simply join the online writing community and exchange feedback with writers from the comfort of your own home.
What should you look for in an online writing community?
The community should have a fair system for making sure that members are actually reviewing one another, rather than just posting their own books for review.
Make sure the community has writers in your genre.
Writers reviewing manuscripts in a community should be exchanging detailed, honest feedback, and offering suggestions on how to make your book better.
You should be able to post new drafts of your book and archive previous versions of the manuscript so that you can access them as you revise.
The community should have credible ties to the publishing industry, so that you can trust the opinions and advice of the site's content.
The community should be open to traditional publishing and self-publishing.
The community should be focused on helping one another.
What Kind of Feedback Makes Your Book Better?
Since so much of finding an audience and selling a book is about how a book is positioned in the marketplace, it's also important to get feedback about how your book compares to other books in its genre, and whether the way it's presented (for example, the book's cover and title) makes sense to a reader. A writer should get feedback on his or her synopsis too.
Workshopping your book with beta-readers can be the difference between a great idea and a great book. Follow the example of successful start-up companies, and find beta-readers to help you launch your book successfully.
← Writing your second book: Westbow Press Mark Eckel shares how he got to the goal.
Reblogged this on The Published Pen | 534 |
The hotel offers a restaurant. Wireless Internet access is complimentary. This business-friendly hotel also offers multilingual staff, concierge services, and dry cleaning/laundry services. Onsite self parking is complimentary.
Hotel Melawai 2 is a smoke-free property.
Located in Melawai, this hotel is within 2 mi (3 km) of Block M Square, Gandaria City Mall, and Plaza Senayan. Kidzania and Pondok Indah Mall are also within 3 mi (5 km).
Along with a restaurant, this smoke-free hotel has 24-hour room service and a meeting room. Free WiFi in public areas and free self parking are also provided. Additionally, concierge services, dry cleaning, and a 24-hour front desk are onsite.
All 54 rooms provide conveniences like sitting areas and coffee makers, plus free WiFi and 24-hour room service. Cable TV, minibars, and free<|fim_middle|> Melawai 2 offers 54 air-conditioned accommodations with minibars and complimentary bottled water. Accommodations offer separate sitting areas. Cable television is provided. Bathrooms include showers and complimentary toiletries. This Jakarta hotel provides complimentary wireless Internet access. Business-friendly amenities include desks and phones. Housekeeping is provided daily.
Fajar - This restaurant specializes in Chinese cuisine and serves breakfast, lunch, and dinner.
Rollaway/extra beds are available for IDR 308000 per night. | bottled water are among the other amenities available to guests.
Hotel | 12 |
HomeMen's International Cricket TeamAustralia Cricket TeamMitchell Starc admits to having phase where he did not want to play any cricket;
Australia Cricket TeamCricket NewsLatest Cricket News
Mitchell Starc admits to having phase where he did not want to play any cricket;
Mitchell Starc, Australia's Allan Border medalist, said on Saturday that there have been phase in the last couple of years when he wished he could retire from cricket.
Allrounder Ashleigh Gardner and prodigious fast bowler Mitchell Starc won the Belinda Clark and Allan Border medals for the first time, respectively, in Australian cricket. Starc was a key component of Australia's 4-0 Ashes success, and he was also a member of the T20 World Cup-winning squad.
"The last two years, as life is at the moment, there's a lot of ups and downs. You find ways to adapt and what not, but it's a reflection of the support base I have had throughout those two years as well. There have certainly been times when I haven't played my best cricket or certainly times over those two years where I didn't want to play any cricket. I'm very thankful for my support networks and in particular Alyssa, to play cricket at the highest level [and] be there to support me as well, I can't thank her enough for that," ESPNcricinfo quoted Starc as saying.
"It goes back to the work you do behind the<|fim_middle|> 10 run scorers.
Zeeshan Malik undergoing rehabilitation after completing suspension under PCB Anti-Corruption Code;
Netherlands' Ben Cooper announces retirement from international cricket;
Cricket NewsEngland Tour of West Indies 2022Latest Cricket NewsWest Indies Cricket Team
WI vs ENG: 'Everything came off middle of bat' says Rovman Powell after century against England;
Cricket NewsLatest Cricket NewsRanji Trophy 2022
Ranji Trophy 2022: Shubham Sharma slams unbeaten ton to put MP in driver's seat against Punjab | scenes and the work you put in with strength and conditioning and time spent with physios and what not. A huge thanks to the support staff, particularly [Australian Men's] physio David Beakley to keep me on the park for five Test matches and keep me on the park for five and let me play five," he added.
Starc has had a fantastic year in international cricket, capturing a total of 43 wickets at an average of 24.4 across all formats, 12 more than the next best bowler in the country. After dominating efforts in the three-match series against the West Indies, including a 5-48 haul in the first game, the left-arm fast was named Male ODI Player of the Year.
Starc, one of the top pink-ball bowlers in the game, dominated the Ashes series. After taking 19 wickets at a strike rate of 25.36. With a best of 4-37 in the first innings of the Day-Night Test in Adelaide. Starc also scored 241 runs in all formats at an average of 26.8 over the past 12 months. After placing him among Australia's top | 253 |
Does Christ nonetheless heal? certain, He does, and during this e-book you are going to find out how the atonement of Christ not just supplied for non secular therapeutic, yet actual therapeutic as well.
sincere physicians will inform you they own merely the ability to aid nature; they don't have the facility to heal. while disorder and illness have complicated past the ability of nature, in basic terms Christ can heal the person who is suffering.
As a brand new construction in Christ, God has made you all enough. every little thing you must defeat fear is both in you or to be had to you thru God's be aware. in basic terms wisdom and ability separate you from a existence loose from fear. now not a lifestyles freed from difficulties, yet unfastened from the care of these difficulties. Liberty-producing wisdom, after all, comes from God and His directions for our lives.
<|fim_middle|> lives are replaced, and religion is bolstered as God strikes of their lives. God has a plan for we all if we'll allow him have his way.
Is my usual, daily life really major? Is it alright to be fulfilled via the easy acts of elevating young children, operating in an place of work, and cooking bird for dinner? It's been acknowledged, "Life isn't measured by means of the variety of breaths we take, yet via the variety of moments that take our breath away. " The strain of that may be superb as we spend our days searching for that giant factor that can provide to take our breath away.
This manuscript can most sensible be defined as fiction filled with truth in response to a real tale. the most personality comes from humble beginnings and spirit-filled, God-fearing mom and dad. Early in lifestyles, lifestyles was once filled with pleasure and the goodness of supporting others. youth yields the "tree of data" and casts a shadow over his lifestyles. | The Plans i've got for You is especially a suite of brief tales during which humans face each day trials and struggles. classes are discovered, | 28 |
Move over pasta with tomato sauce, pen<|fim_middle|> 'sauce' and avoid the temptation of adding more oil or butter.
Cut or break up cauliflower into bite sized florets. Spread cauliflower on a baking sheet in a single layer and spray or brush with olive oil. Sprinkle with salt, red pepper flakes and half of the parmesan (if using) and bake in a 425 degree oven for 20 to 25 minutes, stirring a couple of times to brown all sides and get all the crunchy parmesan bits off the pan (yum!).
Remove cauliflower from oven when easily pierced with a knife and let cool.
Boil pasta as directed and reserve one cup of pasta water before draining. Set aside.
Saute red pepper flakes, garlic and shallots in olive oil until soft and fragrant, 4 or 5 minutes.
Add greens and saute until just wilted, remove from heat.
Stir in the cauliflower and pasta, adding pasta water as needed.
To serve, sprinkle with the rest of the parmesan and a pinch of red pepper flakes.
Cut or break up cauliflower into bite sized florets.
Spread cauliflower on a baking sheet in a single layer and spray or brush with olive oil. Sprinkle with salt and red pepper flakes and half of the parmesan and bake in a 425 degree oven for 20 to 25 minutes, stirring a couple of times to brown all sides and get all the crunchy parmesan bits off the pan (yum!).
Saute garlic and shallots in olive oil until soft and fragrant, 4 or 5 minutes.
Add spinach and saute until just wilted, remove from heat.
Sprinkle with the rest of the parmesan and a pinch of red pepper flakes.
This entry was posted in All Recipes, Meatless Monday, Pasta, Vegan, vegetarian and tagged gluten free, Meatless Monday, pasta with greens, pasta with roasted cauliflower, Penne with Roasted Cauliflower and Greens, roasted cauliflower, vegetarian, Wheat Free. Bookmark the permalink.
I just checked. You can get TruRoots pastas online, at Amazon and at Wal Mart, if you have one of those. | ne with cauliflower roasted with parmesan and buttery wilted greens will knock you out of the ring! This is an easy and delicious, complete dinner in one bowl. Pasta is an easy go to for dinner because it's inexpensive and quick to prepare. Did you know that the average American eats 20 pounds of pasta a year? That's a lot of carbs but luckily there are many whole grain and nutritious pastas from which to choose that are not empty calories but actualy boost nutrients and dietary fiber. My current favorite is Ancient Grains Penne by Tru Roots (that I buy from Costco) made with a blend of organic whole grains including, brown rice, quinoa, amaranth and corn. It is naturally gluten free and has a great taste and texture in addition to all of it's wholesome goodness.
Cauliflower is not only one of the World's Healthiest Foods, it's also a vegetable chameleon that can take on many flavors and textures depending on how it's prepared. When roasted, especially with a sprinkling of parmesan, cauliflower becomes golden brown with rich and salty/sweet caramel flavors. The crispy, almost burned bits of parmesan are divine so make sure you scrape them in with the cauliflower. Roasted cauliflower also pairs nicely with the sauteed garlic and fresh greens. I love an extra sprinkle of parmesan and red pepper flakes on top for an extra flavor boost.
TIPS: I had a big bag of power greens that included spinach, chard and kale but any leafy green will work in this recipe. The trick is to not overcook the greens so they don't lose their deep glossy green hue. (Thicker greens like collards may need to saute a bit longer.) If you love greens, add more than you think. They shrink quite a bit when cooked. One bunch is usually about 2 cups so plan according to your tastes. Don't forget to save a cup of pasta water before draining. It is a miracle liquid and not to be underestimated. You can add it back to the pasta if needed to give it more of a | 431 |
Hudson's Smokehouse offers some of the best barbecue in Columbia.
What it's known for: Boasting some of the best barbecue in the state, Hudson's does not disappoint in variety or flavor. With an impressive buffet full of savory and sweet Southern<|fim_middle|>. Start with the famous roasted chicken or hamburgers and don't leave without enjoying some ice cream under the giant cone. | classics in addition to their standard menu, you can try a little bit of everything and always go back for seconds.
What it's known for: Serving breakfast and lunch all day, this SC chain is all about providing delicious food with a family-friendly touch. Start with some farm-fresh eggs with their famous home fries and grits for breakfast, and then come back at lunch to try the customer-favorite turkey, bacon and ranch sandwich. Any way you slice it, you won't be disappointed.
Pasta Fresca serves up fresh-made pasta daily.
What it's known for: Serving made from scratch pasta and sauces everyday, Pasta Fresca provides a casual, delicious experience to all the families who come seeking some fresh Italian goodness for dinner.
What it's known for: This cozy little place is much more than meets the eye. Serving breakfast, lunch and dinner, you'll find it really hard to pick just one thing off the menu. And while you decide, your kids will enjoy perusing over their own special menu and all of the fun, local art displayed on the walls.
From classic dishes to everyday favorites, Yesterdays has you covered.
What it's known for: Yesterdays menu features dishes and flavors inspired by regions from all over the country and beyond, and yet they change their specials daily to use as many fresh, local ingredients as possible. Bring your family in for great food and service that will definitely turn you into a Yesterdays regular. And bring your dog too. They're always welcome to join you outside with complimentary water kettles.
What it's known for: Known for its famous, hand-tossed New York style pizza, at Village Idiot you can order by the slice or get a whole pie for the family to share. With wings, sandwiches and Stromboli available too, your family is sure to have a great experience at this local favorite.
What it's known for: A local favorite for more than 65 years, you've simply got to take your family to one of the Zesto locations in town | 416 |
Ramblin' Jack Elliott is a national treasure. He met Woody Guthrie in 1950, moved in with the Guthrie family, and traveled with Woody from the redwood forests of California to the Gulf Stream waters of Florida. His deep immersion in Woody's music led Woody to remark, "Jack sounds<|fim_middle|> voice with shades of Tim Buckley and Nick Drake." The Boston Globe praises his "emotional story-telling lyrics, charismatic stage presence, and hilarious anecdotes," and the San Francisco Chronicle calls him a "musical poet." He has released five albums, including his latest, Some Kind of Cure, recorded in Corsica, and appeared on World Café, Mountain Stage, and This American Life. ASCAP honored him with its prestigious Johnny Mercer Songwriter Award. "Your heart is like a parachute," he sings, "it opens when you're falling down." Not to mention that he was named for the City of Berkeley, where his parents lived before he was born – and now he lives here too. | more like me than I do." Bob Dylan describes him this way in his Chronicles: Volume One: "His tone of voice is sharp, focused, and piercing. All that and he plays the guitar effortlessly in a fluid flat-picking perfected style . . . Most folk musicians waited for you to come to them. Jack went out and grabbed you." He won the Grammy for Best Traditional Folk Album in 1995 and the Grammy for Best Traditional Blues Album in 2009. He won the National Medal of the Arts along the way. Here's how Johnny Cash introduced him on his TV show back in the day: "Nobody I know – and I mean nobody – has covered more ground and made more friends and sung more songs than the fellow you're about to meet right now. He's got a song and a friend for every mile behind him. Say hello to my good buddy, Ramblin' Jack Elliott." Tonight is your chance to say hello to Ramblin' Jack.
David Berkeley plays polished, folk-inflected pop with clever lyrics and a bright, shimmering sound. According to the New York Times, he "sings in a lustrous melancholy | 241 |
Let me pour you a cup of flowers.
What is it about a cup of flowers poured over with steaming<|fim_middle|> not.
To be held and not rushed.
Warming of hands and an opening of Heart.
Remember the sacred language of plants, sweet whispers of flowers offering their wholeness, their healing, their love.
Welcome to my blog, I am so glad you are here. My name is Wendy. I am a wife, a mama, keeper of hearth and home, yoga teacher, creative maeven, a homesteader with heart, organic gardener, but mostly just a woman who walks in faith and lives daily by God's Grace. | hot water?
How is it possible that the right combination can move you to tears?
Offering an unconscious release, you never knew you needed.
The alchemical magic that can transform a day, a moment, a mood, a lifetime.
As steam gently transports subtle medicine, moving through the ethereal plane, transforming invisibly, cellularly, the wisdom that a cup of flowers contains.
Entering through portals, seen and | 84 |
The British Academy for Training and Development presents this training course in (Basics of Hotel & Hospitality Management) to all professionals wishing to develop their skills and abilities in Tourism Management,<|fim_middle|> improve services provided in the Tourism Sector.
Rules and principles of tourism and hospitality. | which is one of the most important future branches of business, due to the increased interest in improving Tourism Facilities and Infrastructure. Tourism is one of the several activities that require constant attention, planning and coordination, in order for the Tourism Sector to achieve good results.
This course is porovided for all professionals wishing to closely know best practices and Management Styles and Methods of Tourism Industry. Tourism Management in its comprehensive sense is a set of tools and mechanisms for tourism organization and optimization, which aims at developing productivity of tourism establishments. Therefore, it involves many functions and various departments in each tourism establishment. Methods and styles of Hotel Management include practices of Good Planning and Integrated Organization, taking into consideration the operational priorities and controls.
All employees in the Tourism Sector, especially those working in Hotels and Resorts.
Individuals interested in developing tourism events that support business in the Tourism Sector.
Employees working n the Hospitality sector.
Practical methods of attracting guests to the hotel facilities, such as, attractive receptioning practices, catering, etc.
Prepare best conditions according to the season and the various local variables of the country.
How to raise employees' morale in hotel facilities for better performance.
Proper methods to | 234 |
Borough of Swale
Swale is a local government district with borough status in Kent, England and is bounded by Medway to the west, Canterbury to the east, Ashford to the south and Maidstone to the south west. Its council is based in Sittingbourne. The district is named after the narrow channel called The Swale, that separates the mainland of Kent from the Isle of Sheppey, and which occupies the central part of the district.
Non-metropolitan district
Swale shown within Kent
Constituent country
Non-metropolitan county
Admin HQ
Non-metropolitan district council
Swale Borough Council
Leader & Cabinet (Conservative)
• MPs
Helen Whately (C)
Gordon Henderson (C)
144.2 sq mi (373.4 km2)
Area rank
106th (of 317)
(mid-2018 est.)
1,000/sq mi (400/km2)
• Ethnicity[1]
1.3% S.Asian
1.1% Black
1.0% Mixed Race
UTC0 (GMT)
UTC+1 (BST)
ONS code
29UM (ONS)
E07000113 (GSS)
TQ9018863720
www.swale.gov.uk
The Kingsferry Bridge
The Roman Watling Street passed through the area, as witness the straightness of the A2 main road, now by-passed by the M2 motorway. Apart from the northern coast of the Isle of Sheppey, and the town of Sittingbourne, it is a mainly rural borough, containing a high proportion of the UK's apple, pear, cherry and plum orchards (the North Kent Fruit Belt), as well as many of its remaining hop gardens. Most of the southern half of the Borough lies within the Kent Downs Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, whilst Sittingbourne and the Isle<|fim_middle|> related to Swale.
Coordinates: 51°20′24.73″N 0°43′51.32″E / 51.3402028°N 0.7309222°E / 51.3402028; 0.7309222
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Borough_of_Swale&oldid=903906563" | of Sheppey forms the concluding part of the Thames Gateway growth area.[2]
The district was formed in 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972, from the Borough of Faversham; the Borough of Queenborough-in-Sheppey, which covered the whole of Sheppey; the Sittingbourne and Milton Urban District; and Swale Rural District.
Swale railway station is at the southern end of the Kingsferry Bridge.
There are four towns in the borough: Sittingbourne and Faversham on the mainland, and Sheerness and Queenborough on Sheppey.
GovernanceEdit
Main article: Swale Borough Council
ParishesEdit
The district contains the following civil parishes:
Boughton-under-Blean
Bredgar
Conyer
Doddington
Eastchurch
Eastling
Goodnestone
Hartlip
Hernhill
Iwade
Leysdown
Lower Halstow
Lynsted
Kemsley
Milton Regis
Minster-on-Sea
Murston
Norton, Buckland and Stone
Oare
Ospringe
Rodmersham
Rushenden
Sheldwich, Badlesmere and Leaveland
Stalisfield
Teynham
Throwley
Tonge
Upchurch
^ Office for National Statistics: Neighbourhood Statistics: Swale
^ "Swale". Protecting Kent's Countryside. CPRE Kent. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
Bored In Swale - an information site listing activities for the youth in Swale.
Wikimedia Commons has media | 339 |
D<|fim_middle|> Case**- This dual-purpose case not only protects Osmo Pocket while in transit but charges it as well. Dedicated sections were added into the case for MicroSD card and ND filters so users can quickly grab Osmo Pocket and know the user is ready to capture those moments and adventures.
- 3.5mm Adapter**- The 3.5mm Adapter allows users to connect an external microphone if they prefer to capture audio using a separate device.
Osmo Pocket retails for $349 USD and is now available for pre-order online and at DJI Flagship Stores, DJI Authorized Retailers and additional retailers. Pre-orders will start shipping on December 15th. | JI, the world's leader in creative camera technology, announced Osmo Pocket, a highly compact three-axis stabilized camera created for everyone. Designed to be incredibly easy to use, Osmo Pocket offers a host of intelligent features to help capture creative videos and photographs in a portable form factor.
At just over 4 inches tall, Osmo Pocket is DJI's smallest three-axis stabilized camera. It redefines DJI's family of handheld gimbals offering features never before seen in a product this compact. A 1/2.3-inch sensor records 12-megapixel photographs and 4K video up to 60fps at 100Mbps in stunning detail. Osmo Pocket also uses built-in dual microphones and advanced noise-canceling algorithms to ensure you capture high quality audio to match the footage. Furthermore, a battery life of up to two hours shooting video in 4K, 30fps means you can always rely on Osmo Pocket to capture your story no matter where you are at the very best quality.
Building on DJI's experience creating gimbal technology, Osmo Pocket helps capture stable video for all of life's moments. The state-of-the-art three-axis mechanical gimbal compensates for movements and smooths these motions so users can focus on composition and subject matter. Whether the user is taking videos of the vacation or documenting special holiday moments, Osmo Pocket helps ensure video comes out smooth.
- ActiveTrack- DJI's image recognition algorithms allow Osmo Pocket to recognize and follow subjects of users' choice, perfect for capturing family moments easily with the tap of finger.
- FaceTrack- FaceTrack takes ActiveTrack one step further. With enhanced ActiveTrack algorithms, FaceTrack automatically recognizes a human face and locks the subject in center of the frame at all times. It does not identify individual faces, but keeps the camera centered on one. To initiate FaceTrack, simply select selfie mode and the camera will detect the user's face.
- Timelapse & Motionlapse- If the user is looking to turn minutes into seconds, Timelapse is perfect for capturing unique content with the effect of the world moving faster, while Motionlapse adds the dynamic element of camera movement to Timelapse.
- FPV Mode- FPV Mode lets users capture the greatest adventures by recording video from their perspectives. Instead of locking the gimbal to maintain the horizon, FPV tells the camera to follow every tilt and lean, shooting dynamic footage exactly as 'you' experienced it.
- 3x3 & 180 degree Panorama- For capturing breathtaking wide-angle photos, Osmo Pocket offers two Panorama modes. 3X3 takes an expansive 9 images in total while 180 degree mode captures 4 images. Osmo Pocket software stitches them together automatically so users can focus on the framing of the scene.
- Story Mode - Bring creative editing to video with a host of preset music, video transitions and coloring. Choose one of 10 fun templates and Mimo will handle the camera movement for you. After finishing, Mimo automatically generates very own short story, ready to be shared.
- Pro Mode - If users want even more control over the content, "Pro mode" gives them access to camera setting adjustments and exposure settings to let them create exactly how they want, from rich video in bright conditions to a perfect handheld long exposure photo at night. Whatever users want to shoot, Osmo Pocket and DJI Mimo let them explore and expand creativity. Osmo Pocket automatically detects and illuminates low-lit scenes into bright photos. This helps eliminates the need for a tripod, and users can rely on the gimbal to keep the camera still for a shutter speed of up to three seconds. Illuminate the dark, or capture the movement of light in a "light painting." 'You' are only limited by 'your' imagination.
- Accessory Mount- The accessory mount makes Osmo Pocket compatible with action camera accessories so users are able to capture the adventure footage, such as when mounted on a helmet, backpack or wrist.
- Wireless Module- The wireless module supports Wi-Fi and/or Bluetooth transmission between Osmo Pocket and smartphone, providing remote access to the camera feed and control of Osmo Pocket; perfect for setting up a Timelapse or Motionlapse on a busy city street.
- Controller Wheel- The wheel allows users to precisely control gimbal movement (left-right or up-down) enabling them to easily adjust the composition of the shot. Re-center the gimbal or switch to selfie mode easily with dedicated buttons on the handle.
- Expansion Kit - The expansion kit includes the Accessory Mount, Wireless Module and Controller Wheel.
- ND Filters Set**- Specifically designed for Osmo Pocket, ND filters attach to the front of the camera to reduce the amount of light entering the sensor. The ND Filter Set offers several levels of filter darkness and allows for more control over the camera's aperture, exposure time, and sensor sensitivity settings.
- Waterproof Case**- Bring a unique underwater perspective to the footage using the Waterproof Case which can be placed at a depth of 60 meters.
- Charging | 1,059 |
The Nigerian Mixed Martial Arts Federation (NMMAF) was founded on 11 March 2014 as the National governing body for amateur Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) in Nigeria. NMMAF is<|fim_middle|> development of the sports in the federation. The NMMAF is also fully supported and recognized by the International Mixed Martial Arts Federation (IMMAF) and also affiliated to the International Mixed Martial Arts Federation (IMMAF).
NMMAF is interested in bringing to limelight local talents and also the promotion of mixed martial arts in Nigeria. Selected to head the federation is a National and International karate champion AMB. Sensei Henry George.The Technical Director and Chairman of the technical community is Shihan (Pharm) Victor Akhimien (Vicamen) 7th Dan, a Nigerian Shito Ryu Karate President.
References
Mixed martial arts organizations
Federations | the body in charge of amateur mixed Martial arts championship and | 11 |
In the most simple terms, a landing page is any web page that a visitor could arrive (or, you know,"property on"). Landing pages are the ideal way for companies to turn internet visitors into either leads or sales; however, while many companies use landing pages, these pages are under-utilized. Research indicates that 62 percent of such businesses use just six or fewer landing pages within their marketing strategies.
Too frequently, website visitors fail to convert since their click sends them into the homepage instead of a particular landing page that guides them through the sales funnel. An effective approach can enhance conversions by 48 per cent or longer. This is why every modern marketer needs to incorporate landing pages into their digital advertising plan. Conversions – Your website exists to provide customers with an engaging and tailored experience because it is those experiences that cause sales. When people are given targeted content, they are more likely to take the next step, like filling out a contact form or purchasing a product. Lead generation – Nothing makes gathering online leads simpler than landing pages on your own website. Links that are distributed through different channels like social media, email, and search traffic are dropped to your website's homepage. Reclaim those misplaced leads by directing traffic to your landing pages. Can you recall? More landing pages means more opportunities to rank high in searches. When you rank high, you convert high. It is worth it to be in the top. Literally. Collect demographic data – If a lead turns into a conversion, then you receive valuable information about who is visiting your website. That information allows you to target your audience at a more direct and effective method.<|fim_middle|> place, which makes it a lot simpler and cheaper than traditional funnels. ClickFunnels incorporates all these and much more, offering them in a comprehensive, unified bundle so you won't have to manage them one by one. So long as you have a company, ClickFunnels has that funnel that's great for you.
ClickFunnels is our favorite tool, as|since} it simplifies the whole revenue and marketing funnel process for businesses.There are so many different sorts of revenue funnels. Every one of those needing to be made specifically for a specific client. Consequently, they should be constructed in a manner that they draw your preferred customer. You will find funnels such as webinars, earnings, membership sites, and contributor list and each 1 is quite different from another. Inside ClickFunnels, users can pick from many different pre-built attachment options. It is as simple as choosing the one that aligns best with your company. If you are attempting to drive an e-book, the approach should be much different than if you are hoping to market a subscription. Even if the final effect of attempting to generate a sale is the same. ClickFunnels saves time and attempt to begin organizing your sales funnels from scratch and accelerate your sales funnel installation. At any time you've chosen your funnel, you need to acquire a template. With ClickFunnels, you're treated to many different templates and all these are examined and proven to work. With a throng of proven and tested templates available, ClickFunnels accelerates your A/B testing period as you don't have to weed out templates that are not performing. You can easily integrate videos, videos or animations into your template using ClickFunnels simple to use interface. Then you may start doing your A/B testing to determine what works and what does not. There's simply no learning curve to deal with whatsoever.
Thanks for staying to the end… hope you found what you were looking for regarding landing page gratis!! | Content to match with marketing features – Marketing offers may have difficulty finding a house in your website. Offers seek to incentivize users to purchase your product or service. So obviously, the ideal location to put them is with pages created to convert. If you're looking to generate more prospects, rank higher in search, score more conversions, then pinpoint your demographic, and boost the effectiveness of your marketing offers, then it is time to come up with a killer landing page plan.
With ClickFunnels, it is simple to generate a marketing and sales funnel in the ground up as it incorporates all of the core components necessary to possess a practical and effective sales funnel. Typically using the older more traditional sales funneling softwares, you may want to worry about all of the components. With ClickFunnels, this really is all in 1 | 168 |
This is a multipage rubric — which focuses on highlighting the positive sides and achievements of companies in their sectors and the Russian economy in general. Thus, this rubric covers everything from their foundation, market positioning, major products/services, distribution outlets and market shares, their rises to the pinnacles of their industries, so-called "Success stories," and their successfully adopted business formulas, so-called "Case studies" for potential future entrepreneurs. This rubric also includes such publications as the "Product profile" and "Service profile," which highlight both existing and newly launched products.
Like the business profile, this multipage rubric is also directed at highlighting the positive sides and achievements of companies' top management executives (CEOs, general directors, presidents or heads of foreign business organization in Russia and CIS) or other outstanding employees of a particular company, and covers everything from their educational and social backgrounds, views and opinions on key issues in their industries and in the country as a whole, their present positions in their companies and the society at large as well as their private (personal) and corporate plans for now and the future.
This rubric is dedicated to highly respected and recognized experts in their fields of specialization (CEOs, general directors, presidents, board chairpersons of companies or their officially delegated spokespersons or heads of their PR departments) to comment on the major event(s) of the month or major news headliners that form the basis of our lead article of the month, which we technically call the SPOTLIGHT FEATURE or COVER STORY<|fim_middle|>, while projects in the pipeline include Brazil, India and China — from the so-called BRIC family, as well as several others that want to establish, improve and/or develop mutually beneficial business cooperation and contacts with their colleagues in Russia and other CIS countries or in third countries as they globalize their business operations on the global arena. Thus, the accent in all the publications in this rubric — from interviews with ambassadors through the statistical data highlights to a huge economic review of the country under coverage — are all focused on highlighting the investment attractiveness of these countries to the representatives of the Russian businesses as well as the attractiveness of the Russian economy for all the investors in those countries. | .
This rubric helps highlight the business potential and economic opportunities in key Russian regions, thus helping our readers to get acquainted with these regions, their investment potentials, business climate, their roles in their regional and the whole national economies in general. This is achieved through the publications of interviews with the regional leaders and other influential groups in those areas. In other words, this means the opinions and views of those making key decisions in these regions. The high-profile positions of these people in their regional administrations or the regional economies more than qualify them to offer far-reaching opinions/commentaries on the politico-economic situations in these regions. Therefore, the aim of the rubric is to familiarize our readers with these opinions, the latest business developments in Russian regions, the attractiveness of their investment climates and economic opportunities as well as their histories, cultures and positions and roles in the national economy.
Like the Russian Regional Focus, the Country Focus rubric, which spans several pages in our monthly publications, is dedicated to a particular country, which has good diplomatic relationships with the Russian Federation. Therefore, the aim of the rubric is to familiarize Russian and other global readers with the countries under focus, their histories, cultures, economies, positions and roles on their continents and the world. Consequently, the rubric covers everything about these countries in both Russian and English, including interviews with their ambassadors, major economic and political highlights of the investment opportunities and business potentials of the countries under review. Some of the countries already covered in this rubric included Nigeria and South Africa | 307 |
For the past six months, while undergoing treatment for cancer, I was working on a reduced schedule. The medical treatments, while somewhat debilitating, left me still enough health and energy to carry on the administrative duties in my present ministry, but they didn't allow me any extra energy to teach classes or to offer any lectures, workshops, or retreats at outside venues. I joked with my family and friends that I was "under house arrest"; but I was so grateful for the energy that I still had. I was focused on staying healthy, and the health that I was given was appreciated as a great grace.
A month ago, the medical treatments ended and, soon after, most of my normal energies returned and I resumed a normal schedule that included again teaching inside a classroom. Having been on the sidelines for a half year left me a little nervous as I entered the classroom for my first three-hour session. My nervousness passed quickly as the class robustly engaged the topic and, after the three hours, I walked out of the class feeling a wonderful energy that I hadn't felt for six months. Teaching (which I consider both my profession and my vocation) lifted both my heart and my body in a way that it hadn't been lifted in months.
At first, I felt some anxiety and guilt about this. What really triggered that wonderful feeling and burst of energy? Narcissism? Pride? Was I basking in the capacity to demonstrate some cleverness and learning and then drink in the students' admiration? Was my teaching really about furthering God's kingdom or about stoking my ego?
I am not alone with these questions. These are valid questions for anyone who draws energy from his or her work. Indeed, if we are fully honest with ourselves, we have to admit that there is always some degree of self-serving in our service of others. But, mixed as our motives will always be, something else, something much more positive, needs to be factored into this, namely, the fact that God gave us our various talents and that God feels good about us using them.
Eric Liddell, the Olympic runner, whose story is featured in the Oscar<|fim_middle|>iddell quote, assuring him that, whenever he teaches well, God takes pleasure in it. He much appreciated Liddell's comment.
We shouldn't feel guilty for exercising the gifts that God gave us. Whenever we use a God-given talent to do something well, God takes pleasure in it ... and so too should we. | -winning movie "Chariots of Fire," once made this comment: "When I run, I feel God's pleasure." He didn't make this comment lightly. As his biography and "Chariots of Fire" make clear, Eric Liddell, in his quest to win an Olympic gold medal, was motivated more by his faith than by his own ego. His faith had him believe that, since God gave him this unique talent, God, not unlike any proud parent, took a genuine delight in seeing him use that gift. Moreover, that inner sense that God was happy with his use of his talent filled him, Eric, with a wonderful energy whenever he ran.
Seen from that perspective, we see that the root and source of his motivation and pleasure in running was, ultimately, not his desire to win gold medals and popular adulation. He was motivated by an inner sense that God had given him a special gift and wanted him to use that gift. Like everyone else who is human, he, no doubt, enjoyed the adulation he received for his successes, but he knew too that the deepest joy he felt in using his gift had its ultimate source in God.
And this, I believe, is true for everybody of us. When anyone uses properly the gifts that God gave him or her, God will take pleasure in that.
Not long after I felt that burst of pleasure and energy from again teaching inside a classroom, I was talking to a very gifted young teacher. He shared about how much he enjoys teaching but how he worries too that the pleasure he derives from it is somehow too much connected to his ego. I gave him the L | 332 |
West Bradley is a village and civil parish 4 miles south-east of Glastonbury in the Mendip district of Somerset, England. The parish includes the hamlets of Hornblotton and Lottisham.
Hornbl<|fim_middle|> in Somerset | otton Green is a traditional English community with a small village hall. There are no shops in Hornblotton although there are 3 working farms, and a beautiful Victorian arts and crafts style church.
The village is on the Monarch's Way long-distance footpath. Also a cycle route passes through.
History
Bradley comes from Old English and means the broad clearing or wood.
The manor of Bradley was given to Glastonbury Abbey in 746 by Ethelbald, King of Mercia, and held it until the dissolution of the monasteries in 1539.
The parish of West Bradley was part of the hundred of Glaston Twelve Hides, while Hornblotton was part of the Whitstone Hundred.
Governance
The parish council has responsibility for local issues, including setting an annual precept (local rate) to cover the council's operating costs and producing annual accounts for public scrutiny. The parish council evaluates local planning applications and works with the local police, district council officers, and neighbourhood watch groups on matters of crime, security, and traffic. The parish council's role also includes initiating projects for the maintenance and repair of parish facilities, as well as consulting with the district council on the maintenance, repair, and improvement of highways, drainage, footpaths, public transport, and street cleaning. Conservation matters (including trees and listed buildings) and environmental issues are also the responsibility of the council.
The village falls within the Non-metropolitan district of Mendip, which was formed on 1 April 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972, having previously been part of Shepton Mallet Rural District, which is responsible for local planning and building control, local roads, council housing, environmental health, markets and fairs, refuse collection and recycling, cemeteries and crematoria, leisure services, parks, and tourism.
Somerset County Council is responsible for running the largest and most expensive local services such as education, social services, libraries, main roads, public transport, policing and fire services, trading standards, waste disposal and strategic planning.
It is also part of the Wells county constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election.
Landmarks
The Court Barn was built in the 15th century as a Tithe barn for Glastonbury Abbey, and was restored in the early 20th century.
Lottisham Manor dates from the 15th century. Bradley House is slightly later having been built in the 16th and 17th centuries. It was completed in 1726 by Col William Piers and included ornamental canals in the grounds.
Near the church in Hornblotton is Hornblotton House, a large country mansion with substantial outbuildings and a large pond.
Religious sites
The Church of England Parish Church of St Andrew, West Bradley dates predominantly from the 14th and 15th centuries, but underwent extensive restoration in the 19th century.
The parish Church of St Mary in Lottisham was built in 1876 by Sir T. G. Jackson. It is a Grade II* listed building.
The Church of St Peter in Hornblotton was built in 1872–74 by Sir Thomas Graham Jackson, for the rector, Geoffrey Thring. It is a Grade I listed building, and features one of the first electric clocks produced.
References
External links
Villages in Mendip District
Civil parishes | 746 |
I must apologize for the super long hiatus. The holidays came around, I had a surprise trip to Michigan planned, and before you know it, it's a few months since my last blog post (yikes). Life has been busy and wonderful lately. I headed to Michigan to surprise my best friend at her graduation party, and also my family. Alex just went to Mexico with his parents for a few days and we're trying to get as much skiing time in as possible along the way. It's great to think how far I've come since a year ago on our first trip to Keystone-so there's hope! Maybe I'll willingly try some black diamonds this year-we shall see.
I decided this blog was started to become something that wasn't really me. I'm the girl that loves to find second hand clothes for cheap and dress it up in a really fun and funky way. I remember as a little girl I would pretend that someone would give me the ugliest dress and I would transform it into some kind of masterpiece. So, you won't find Nordstrom sales or me putting a ton of content that you can shop. My goal is to rather put out some serious inspiring stuff this next year and I can't wait to get even more creative with everything!
So this outfit was inspired by these awesome pants I found while casually strolling the aisles at an Arc Thrift. Arc Thrift is my favorite place to shop for secondhand clothes in Colorado because it's the cheapest and the stuff you can find sometimes is LUXURY you guys. I'll pop into a store every so often and go through the records and browse the aisles of clothes and if something stands out I'll try it on! This blouse is easily one of my favorite blouses this year (it's a bodysuit actually!) and the flow-ey sleeves make me feel like a flower child. And the cherry on top is this thrifted DVF clutch that my mom got me from ThredUp and it's seriously one of my favorite pieces ever! ThredUp is a great site for secondhand stuff and they've already picked the best pieces for you!
I'm realizing I haven't shown my new hairstyle on the blog yet! I decided to go back super blonde, then I wanted to chop a bunch of it off. I was ready to start 2018 on a new and clean slate and I felt like a new hairstyle would help (cheesy but whatever).
So now it's time to finish my meal prep for the week and settle down for the night. I'm so excited to share a collaboration with Xoby Organics in the next week or so-stay tuned!
I hope everyone has a great weekend and that you're just as excited as I am for some funky fresh outfits and more Whole30 recipes this year!
← Life Lately + Green or Grey Sweater?
<|fim_middle|>!!! I can always count on you reading my blog 🙂 Love you!
Good for you on staying true to yourself and what makes you happiest. The blogging arena can be very harsh and competitive, and it's just not worth it taking the joy out of it. Stick to your guns. Always.
Exactly-and if I don't enjoy doing it what's the point? Love you!
Always like ready what you write. Love that you have the second hand fashion sense. It is a challenge to see what you can find and what you can put together. Even better you're not paying full price. | Thank you Mom | 3 |
Good morning, Streeters. The moon was visible last night and this morning sunrise was pink and gold against the clouds. This weekend is even supposed to be sunnier, and like the clearing weather, we hope your lives are getting back to normal after the mess that was Sandy. Regional rail commuters should expect delays due to slippery rail conditions, otherwise it seems like SEPTA is running normally.
City Council's Rules Committee still hasn't reached a decision about the zoning for riparian buffers along city waterways, reports<|fim_middle|> meeting at Gustine Rec Center (4700 Ridge Avenue) at 6:30pm. PlanPhilly will report back on the meeting tomorrow. | PlanPhilly's Jared Brey. The Committee heard loads of public testimony about the proposed 50-foot buffer zone, and discussed exceptions and amendments to the legislation, but postponed action. Councilman Bill Greenlee promised that the bill would make its way out of Committee on November 14th.
Dilworth Plaza's reconstruction has inconvenienced and confused pedestrians, but fewer are walking in the street to get around City Hall, reports PlanPhilly's Christine Fisher. Christine checked in on the Dilworth Plaza project, and learns it's running on schedule and is on target to finish in spring 2014. So don't expect to walk around Dilworth Plaza until then.
At a Zoning Board of Adjustment hearing Society Hill neighbors contested Toll Brothers' request for extra height at their proposed New Market development site on basis of shadows and property-line privacy, backgrounding arguments about parking entitlement, reports PlanPhilly's Kellie Patrick Gates. ZBA did not reach a decision about the zoning request, and in the meantime protesting neighbors and Toll are continuing negotiations.
"This family was for Roosevelt; This family was for Kennedy; This family was for Clinton; This family is for Fairness; This family is for President Obama," reads a yard sign in Fishtown. City Paper's Isaiah Thompson returns to Fishtown to take the neighborhood's temperature on Tuesday's election and finds tepid, reluctant support for the president rooted more in the neighborhood's Democrat slant than being particularly pro-Obama.
Tonight Philadelphia Parks and Recreation will present their study about building the Wissahickon Gateway, a trail segment that would fill an important Schuylkill River Trail gap. Complications include traversing the Wissahickon Creek as well as SEPTA and PECO properties, as the Bicycle Coalition notes on their blog. Learn all about it tonight at a public | 383 |
Slingerland, E. (2008). What science offers the humanities: Integrating body and culture. Cambridge University Press.
Zxlagu on Slingerland, E. (2008). What science offers the humanities: Integrating body and culture. Cambridge University Press.
Fsfile on Slingerland, E. (2008). What science offers the humanities: Integrating body and culture. Cambridge University Press.
Fsmusik on Slingerland, E. (2008). What science offers the humanities: Integrating body and culture. Cambridge University Press.
This book is geared toward teachers and their approach toward educating their students. Teaching Outside the Box gives the reader a step-by-step guide on how to prepare for success in the classroom. Several of the methods are similar to other books I have read in regards to teaching but their are some very interesting takes on important classroom topics. Topics such as classroom management, the importance of reading and how to improve student reading, and other creative methods to get students going. Teachers need every tool available to best teach students and this book gives teachers several new tools and methods to do just that!
This was my introduction to cognitive science. It changed and enriched my perspective on art, literature, thinking, learning, and culture by addressing the current gulf between hard science and the humanities in our universities and popular culture. Challenging the Cartesian mind/body dualism and the cult of "Theory" professed in so many disciplines of the humanities these days, the author<|fim_middle|>In his lecture as well as book, Pausch focuses on three main themes, Childhood Dreams, Really Achieving Your Childhood Dreams, and lastly, Lessons Learned. Throughout the book Pausch talks about the developments he made with students while being a professor. He writes about his theories of teaching, and his theory of teaching somebody something by thinking they're learning something else. | discusses the paradigm shift needed for the humanities to be respected in the general culture again, to be considered worth learning about. As someone a profound interest in language, poetry, music, theater, art, and other aspects of the life of the human spirit I appreciate this book for crying out against the humanities' current obsession with theory for theory's sake. Perhaps by heeding Slingerland the humanities can once again pursue their vocation: exploring ideas about how to live more fulfilling lives and organize fairer societies.
Nick Sousanis' *Unflattening* (Harvard University Press, 2015) is scholarship presented as a comic. By combining examples from a variety of disciplines–science, literature, mathematics, art, and more–from antiquity to the present day, Sousanis argues against the type of flatness exemplified by the two dimensional characters in Edwin A. Abbott's *Flatland* (1884) who cannot understand the concept of "upward." In a very accessible book, Sousanis encourages readers to see past their own boundaries. The book is particularly relevant to both educators and students.
Following on the success of his TED talk, How Schools Kill Creativity, Sir Ken Robinson has written this book to stimulate change from within (and outside) of the system of education. As he states in the introduction, "If you're involved in education in any way you have three options: you can make changes within the system, you can press for changes to the system, or you can take initiatives outside the system. A lot of the examples in this book are of innovations within the system as it is. Systems as a whole are capable of changing too, and in many ways they already are. The more innovation there is within them, the more likely they are to evolve as a whole." It's "The Book I'm Reading" rather than "The Book I Read" and I'm not far enough into it to provide a review as it was just recently released this month but I look forward to perhaps discussing it at the iiE Gathering.
This book is a collection of silly small stories focusing on individual students from a classroom. Reading it from an educator's perspective opens up some interesting questions about the traditional classrooms.
This book is written by Gillian Zoe Segal. Through short stories, the author is able to tell the story of successful entrepreneurs, and the road they took to become successful. Each story highlights the failures and struggles each entrepreneur faced while pursuing their dream.
The system manufactures students who are smart and talented and driven, yes, but also anxious, timid, and lost, with little intellectual curiosity and a stunted sense of purpose: trapped in a bubble of privilege, heading meekly in the same direction, great at what they're doing but with no idea why they're doing it.
Education is the way that a society articulates its values: the way that it transmits its values. What we're doing to our kids we're ultimately doing to ourselves.
This book was written by Ed Catmull, president of Pixar. It describes the process used to create a high trust, risk taking group of learners who push the edges of technology. I liked the honesty about the progress, barriers, and lessons learned along the way. There are starting points that are outlined in the back of the book which can be a beginning place for our discussion.
The Last Lecture is a book co-authored by Randy Pausch and Jeffrey Zaslow. The Last Lecture is a book of lessons that the author, Randy Pausch wrote that are based off of his life. Randy Pausch was a professor of computer science, human-computer interaction, and design at Carnegie Mellon University. In 2006 Pausch learned that he had pancreatic cancer and was given a terminal diagnosis of 3-6 months of good health left. In the Last Lecture, Pausch combines humor, inspiration, and intelligence throughout his book, making it very easy to read. I give this book to all of my graduating seniors that our on our FIRST robotics team.
| 830 |
The Fireside Room is a place where friends, family and other residents can gather to enjoy each other's company or watch television. We also use this Fireside Room for activities such as Hangman, Wheel of Fortune, reading and also for events like our monthly Pub Night. All the activities are organized by our own Long Term Care Programs Manager. These activities and events are designed to encourage residents to maintain and improve daily skills;<|fim_middle|> twice a week. | whether it be social, sensory, motor functions or just friendly relationships, our goal is to ensure residents enjoy becoming a part of Wilkes Terrace. A monthly Long Term Care Calendar can be picked up outside the LTC Program Manager's office.
In the Fireside Lounge there is an electric fireplace and a piano which gets used every Sunday by one of our volunteers. There is also an entrance to the outdoor lounge, which is fenced in and fully furnished with patio furniture, donated by the Auxiliary, for the residents to sit and visit with their family and friends. In the outside lounge, there is a raised garden, a BBQ and a green space for all to use.
There is a Health Therapy room on site where residents go for Physiotherapy. Also, in the activities area Physio & Recreation host two exercise classes every week for the residents to participate in. They also have two walking classes every week. In these classes, physio and recreation walk with residents to the end of the hallway to the 'quiet room' and back to the Fireside Lounge.
The Quiet room is a smaller lounge where some residents go to visit their families in. This lounge is also overlooking Lake Superior.
In the dining room there is a full kitchen complete with fridge, stove, microwave, sink and dishwasher for the residents to use with assistance, if they wish. Every Christmas, with help from the dietary staff, Wilkes Terrace hosts a Christmas Supper. We are able to fit 88 people comfortably in the dining room. There is also an outdoor patio, accessed through the dining room, which is fully furnished and enclosed with windows and screen. Some Residents enjoy sitting out here for lunch, supper or for a coffee while listening to the sounds of the outdoors, and overlooking Lake Superior without the bugs!
Wilkes Terrace also has a Multi Faith Sanctuary where the Priests, Pastors, etc. come to give church services to residents once, or | 386 |
Brussels Park was designed at<|fim_middle|>. Waux-Hall, already established in the park in 1783, forming a unique whole with the Cercle gaulois and the Théâtre du Parc, was renovated by the architect François Malfait in 1913. With a plan in the shape of a U, it resembles a bandstand with its bell-shaped roof, its proscenium and its rural decoration with a Louis XVI style diamond-shaped trellis. Nowadays Brussels Park serves as a setting for popular festivities organised for the national day and it also hosts temporary exhibitions during the summer months. | the end of the 18th century as an extension to the Place Royale, on a portion of the former Warande or Garenne Park which at the time served as a hunting reserve for the Coudenberg court.
The park was designed in 1775-1776 by the Austrian Joachim Zinner and the Frenchman Barnabé Guimard, around three major thoroughfares, using masonic symbols which were very fashionable in Brussels in the Age of Enlightenment. The park is composed of forest-like copses, trained limes marking the perimeter of the park and a network of large paths which offer long views bordered with plane trees or chestnut trees. A remarkable group of statues from the former maze in the ducal park, from the château de Tervueren and the Tour et Taxis building decorates Brussels Park which also proudly houses an elegant bandstand built in 1841 by the architect J. Cluysenaer. Here brass bands and orchestras regularly gave concerts for a delighted audience, who were very happy to dance to lively tunes. Parties were often organised at Brussels Park, and the guests of Waux-Hall, heirs to the Vauxhall Gardens in 17th century England, regularly filled the park's paths | 266 |
Cottages By Fishing
Holiday Cottage Ideas
Famous libraries in Ireland
by Dan Shone / History and Heritage
These<|fim_middle|> Address: United Kingdom | libraries are a bibliophiles delight! These beautiful buildings have fascinating histories and house vast collections of books, some of them extremely rare. Read on to discover the stories of these famous libraries in Ireland.
Trinity College Library, Dublin
Founded in 1592, Trinity College is the oldest university in Ireland. Its library is home to thousands and thousands of books, a collection that is growing all the time – it is a legal deposit for publishers in Ireland and also for works published in the United Kingdom. The library occupies several buildings on the campus but the most famous building, and oldest, is known as the Old Library. It houses the Book of Kells, a 9th century illuminated gospel manuscript and the Brian Boru harp, one of three surviving medieval Gaeliic harps. The Long Room, a 65 metre long vaulted main chamber, holds around 200,000 of the rarest books and is a beautiful piece of design and construction. Standing at one end of the chamber, the rows appear to continue on and on indefinitely.
Linen Hall Library, Belfast
Founded in 1788 by a group of artisans, Linen Hall Library is the oldest library in Belfast. Originally without fixed premises, the library took up permanent residence in 1802 in White Linen Hall, where it remained for almost 100 years before moving to a new location in 2000. The library is renowned for its Northern Ireland Political Collection – over 350,000 items including posters, manifestos and books relating to the Troubles. The collection consists of material from all sides and political groups of the conflict, making it somewhat of a definite archive. Other notable works include a vast Irish and Local Studies collection and the largest collection of work relating to Robert Burns held outside of Scotland.
Marsh's Library, Dublin
The oldest public library in Ireland, Marsh's Library was founded in 1707 by Archbishop Narcissus Marsh and contains over 25,000 books. The bulk of the library consists of four collections of books from Archbishop Marsh, Edward Stillingfleet, Elie Bouhéreau and John Stearne. The subjects of the books vary from theology and religion, medicine, navigation and music. The library still contains original bookcases and seats, as well as three wire cages that readers were locked inside whilst reading, in order to prevent books being stolen.
Notable works on display include early editions of Dante's Divine Comedy and Isaac Newton's Principia Mathematica, as well as an exhibit of the extremely rare books – the only copies that exist are the ones in Marsh's Library!
Rathmines Library, Dublin
Rathmines Library is one of a number of libraries built across Ireland that was financed by Andrew Carnegie, founder of the Carnegie Company, a steel-producing company in America. After selling the company to J.P.Morgan in 1901, in what was one of the biggest business sales of that time, Carnegie pursued a philanthropic career. By the end of his life he had given away $350 million and a significant portion of this was used to finance the establishment of public libraries – almost 3,000 in total. In Ireland, roughly 80 libraries were built with contributions from Carnegie and his trusts. Built in 1913, with a grant of £8,500, Rathmines Library was the first public access library in Ireland. It is a beautiful example of neo-Georgian design and it still retains many original features today.
National Library of Ireland, Dublin
This magnificent Victorian building was designed by Thomas Newenham Deane and one of the most striking elements is the domed Reading Room – lined with shelves of books and almost 50 feet high in the centre. Established in 1877, the National Library of Ireland holds the most comprehensive collection of Irish documents anywhere in the world. This collection consists of documentation in a number of formats including printed material, manuscripts, photographs, drawings and digital works. Notable works include personal notes and notebooks belonging to Seamus Heaney, James Joyce and W.B.Yeats.
The National Library is a reference library, meaning that any visitors are unable to borrow books, but can consult material without charge. The library also has a genealogy service and thousands of people visit every year in order to conduct research into their ancestry and lineage.
Armagh Robinson Library, Armagh
The oldest public library in Northern Ireland, the Armagh Robinson Library was founded in 1771 by Archbishop Robinson. He donated his vast collection of 17th and 18th century books covering topics such as philosophy, history, medicine and law. Today the number of books in its collection stands at around 42,000 and includes a rare first edition of Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels, complete with author notations, Sir Walter Raleigh's 1614 History of the World and the Silver Maces, presented to Armagh when it became a city in 1656.
Image credit: Tim Tregenza – (CC-BY-SA 3.0); YvonneM – (CC-BY-SA 3.0)
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\section{Introduction}
The Earth's liquid outer core consists mainly of iron, but its density
is about 10\% too low to be pure iron (Birch, 1952), so that it must
contain some light element. The nature of this element is still
uncertain, and during the last 45 years the main candidates have been
carbon (Birch, 1952; Clark, 1963; Urey, 1960; Wood, 1993), silicon
(Birch, 1952; MacDonald and Knopoff, 1958; Ringwood, 1959, 1961,
1966), magnesium (Alder, 1966), sulphur (Clark, 1963; Urey, 1960;
Birch, 1964; Mason, 1966; Murthy and Hall, 1970; Lewis, 1973), oxygen
(Dubrovskiy and Pan'kov, 1972; Bullen, 1973; Ringwood, 1977), and
hydrogen (Birch, 1952; Fukai and Akimoto, 1983; Suzuki et al., 1989).
For a given light element, it is also uncertain what concentration is
needed to explain the inferred density in the core. The arguments for
and against each of the candidate light elements have been reviewed by
Poirier (1994).
The aim of this paper is to use first-principles calculations to
investigate the possibility that oxygen is the light element.
First-principles calculations are well established as a reliable way
of predicting the thermodynamic, structural and dynamical properties
of solid and liquid materials, including liquid metals (\v{S}tich et
al., 1989; Kresse and Furthm\"uller, 1993). We have recently reported
calculations of this kind on pure liquid iron under core conditions
(Vo\v{c}adlo et al., 1997; de Wijs et al., 1998), which show that it
is a simple close-packed liquid with a viscosity not much greater than
that of many liquid metals at ambient pressure, contrary to some
earlier suggestions (Secco, 1995). We have also used first-principles
simulations to investigate a liquid iron-sulphur alloy under the same
conditions (Alf\`e and Gillan, 1998a). We showed that the properties of
the liquid are scarcely affected by the small sulphur concentration
needed to explain the observed density.
The proposal that oxygen is the light element has a long and
controversial history. Among the earliest proponents were Dubrovskiy
and Pan'kov (1972) and Bullen (1973), the latter of whom suggested an
outer core composition in the region of Fe$_2$O (equivalent to 12.5
wt$\%$). Ringwood (1977) argued that oxygen should be seriously
considered, and used seismic data to estimate the oxygen content as 28
mol percent (10 wt$\%$). However, it is not completely certain whether
the Fe/O liquid is thermodynamically stable against phase separation
under Earth's core conditions at the composition that would be
necessary to explain the density. It is known that the solubility of
FeO in liquid Fe is very low ($\approx 1$ mol percent) near the
melting temperature of pure iron (1811 K) at atmospheric pressure
(Distin et al., 1971). However, the solubility increases rapidly with
temperature, becoming $6.5 \%$ at 2350 K (Fischer and Schumacher,
1978) and rising to the region of $\approx 35 $ mol $\%$ at 2770 K
(Ohtani and Ringwood, 1984). According to Ohtani and Ringwood (1984),
an extrapolation of the available phase measurements would suggest
that the region of immiscibility disappears entirely above $\approx
3080$ K at atmospheric pressure. It is also well established that the
solubility of FeO in Fe increases with increasing pressure, and that
the partial molar volume of FeO in liquid Fe is lower than that of
pure liquid FeO itself. Ohtani et al. (1984) used their high pressure
measurements on the solubility of FeO to suggest that the Fe/O system
may show simple eutectic behaviour above a pressure of $\approx 20$
GPa, with no region of liquid immiscibility at any temperature.
Subsequently, Ringwood and Hibberson (1990) showed by direct
measurements that at 16 GPa addition of FeO to pure iron causes a
depression of melting point, leading to a eutectic point at oxygen
mole fraction of 28 $\%$ and a temperature of ca. 1940 K. Boehler's
(1992) measurements on the melting of Fe/O mixtures are consistent
with these ideas. Experiments of Knittle and Jeanloz (1991) and
Goarant et al. (1992) on the reaction between lower mantle material
and molten iron at pressures above 70 GPa revealed that the liquid
dissolves significantly amount of FeO. However, Sherman (1995) has
recently used first-principles calculations on crystalline Fe/O phases
to argue strongly against significant amounts of oxygen in the
core. His calculations gave values for the enthalpy of formation of
crystals of composition Fe$_3$O and Fe$_4$O starting from Fe in the
hexagonal close packed structure and FeO in the NiAs structure. The
Fe$_3$O and Fe$_4$O compositions were used to model substitutional and
interstitial oxygen respectively. The enthalpies of formation were
found to be so large that phase separation into FeO and Fe appears to
be inevitable. However, it is not clear that Sherman's results have
any relevance to the outer core, since in the liquid phase oxygen does
not have to be either substitutional or interstitial. Even for the
solid phase it is not obvious that Sherman's argument is robust, since
Fe/O crystal structures other than those he studied might well give
much lower enthalpies of formation.
We are mainly concerned in this paper with the Fe/O system
in the liquid state.
Our first-principles calculations, based on density functional
theory and the pseudopotential method, will be used to
address three questions: (a) Is the Fe/O liquid stable against phase
separation under Earth's core conditions? (b) If it is, what
oxygen concentration is needed to reproduce the observed
density? (c) At this concentration, do the structural
and dynamical properties of the liquid differ appreciably
from those of pure liquid iron at the same pressure and
temperature? Our first-principles simulations of the liquid
will provide strong evidence that it is thermodynamically
stable, and that the observed density requires an oxygen
concentration of $25-30$ mol-percent. In studying the properties of
the liquid, we shall be particularly concerned with the
viscosity, since this is one of the most poorly determined
properties of the outer core, with estimates from different
experimental and theoretical methods spanning many orders
of magnitude (Secco, 1995). We shall also investigate a number of other
properties, including the nature of the short-range order,
the atomic diffusion coefficients, and the electronic structure.
Although we are mainly interested in the liquid, we shall also
present some results for the energetics of various crystalline
forms of the Fe/O system. These crystal calculations
serve two purposes: first, they demonstrate that our techniques
are in complete agreement with those used by Sherman in
predicting large enthalpies of formation for
Fe$_3$O and Fe$_4$O in the structures he assumes;
second, they demonstrate that there are crystal structures
that give much lower formation enthalpies -- an important
fact in understanding how the Fe/O liquid can be stable
against phase separation. It is not our intention to come to
definite conclusions about the possible phase stability of
the Fe/O solid solutions themselves, but our calculations
suggest that their stability cannot be ruled out.
The paper is organised as follows. In section 2, we summarise the
first-principles techniques on which the work is based. Section 3
presents our calculations on the energetics of Fe/O crystals.
In section 4 we report our results on liquid Fe/O, including
its structural properties, the evidence for its stability against
phase separation, and its dynamical and electronic properties.
The final sections present discussion and conclusions.
\section{Methods}\label{method}
In first principles calculations, the solid or liquid is represented
as a collection of ions and electrons, and for any given set of ionic
positions the aim is to determine the total energy and the force on
every ion by solving the Schr\"odinger equation. This is a formidable
task if the number of atoms is large, but it was made feasible by the
introduction of density functional theory (DFT) many years ago
(Hohenberg and Kohn, 1964; Kohn and Sham, 1965; Jones and Gunnarsson,
1989; Parr and Yang, 1989). DFT treats electronic exchange and
correlation in a way that allows the electrons to be described by
single-particle wavefunctions, with the interaction between them
accounted for by an effective potential. DFT can be applied in two
ways: all-electron calculations, or pseudopotential calculations. The
first approach includes such standard techniques as full-potential
linearised augmented plane waves (FLAPW) and linearized muffin-tin
orbitals (LMTO). In the pseudopotential approach, only valence
electrons are explicitly treated, the effect of the core electrons
being included by an effective interaction between the valence
electrons and the cores. In both approaches, the accuracy with which
the real material is described is governed by the approximation used
for the electronic exchange-correlation energy. Until recently, the
local density approximation (LDA) was the standard method. But in
order to achieve the highest accuracy for transition metals it is
essential to use an improved method known as the generalized gradient
approximation (GGA) (Wang and Perdew, 1991). The present work is based
on the pseudopotential approach and the GGA. A non-technical review
of first-principles calculations based on the pseudopotential approach
has been given recently by one of the authors (Gillan 1997).
There have already been extensive first-principles calculations on
crystalline iron both at ambient pressure and at pressures going up to
Earth's core values (Stixrude et al., 1994; S\"oderlind et al., 1996).
The calculations have been performed using different all-electron
techniques and the pseudopotential technique, and a variety of
properties have been studied, including the equilibrium volume, the
elastic constants, the magnetic moment, the volume as a function of
pressure and lattice vibration frequencies. The agreement between
results obtained with different techniques is generally very close, and
the agreement with experimental data is also good. Particularly
relevant here is the recent comparison of the pseudopotential results
for the pressure-dependent volume of hexagonal-close-packed iron
up to core pressures with earlier all-electron results and with
experimental measurements (Vo\v{c}adlo et al., 1997).
Static first-principles calculations on crystals have been in routine
use for many years. But to study liquids we need to do dynamical
first-principles simulations, in which the calculated forces on the
atoms are used to generate time evolution of the system, with every
atom moving according to Newton's equation of motion. This kind of
first-principles molecular dynamics (FPMD) pioneered by Car and
Parrinello (1985) has been extensively used to study liquid metals
(\v{S}tich et al., 1989; Kresse and Furthm\"uller, 1993; Holender and
Gillan, 1996; Kirchhoff et al. 1996a, 1996b), and it is known to give
an accurate description of both structure and dynamics.
The present work was performed mainly with the VASP code (Vienna Ab
initio Simulation Package) (Kresse and Furthm\"uller, 1996a,
1996b). As usual in pseudopotential work, the electron orbitals are
represented using a plane-wave basis set, which includes all plane
waves up to a specific energy cut-off. The electron-ion interaction
is described by ultrasoft Vanderbilt pseudopotentials (Vanderbilt,
1990), which allow one to use a much smaller plane-wave cut-off while
maintaining high accuracy. When we perform FPMD with VASP, the
integration of the classical equation of motion is done using the
Verlet algorithm (1967), and the ground-state search is performed at
each time-step using an efficient iterative matrix diagonalisation
scheme and a Pulay mixer (1980). This method differs from the original
Car-Parrinello technique, which treated the electronic degrees of
freedom as fictitious dynamical variables. In order to improve the
efficiency of the dynamical simulation, the initial electronic charge
density at each time step is extrapolated from the density at previous
steps as described in our previous work (Alf\`e and Gillan, 1998a). In
FPMD on metals, the discontinuity of occupation numbers at the Fermi
level can cause technical difficulties. Since we are interested in
high temperatures in our liquid simulations, the electronic levels are
occupied according to Fermi statistics corresponding to the
temperature of the simulation. This prescription also avoids problems
with level crossing during the ground state search. The FPMD
simulations are performed at constant temperature (rather than at
constant energy), using the Nos\'e technique (1984).
The iron pseudopotential we use is the same as that used in our
earlier work (Vo\v{c}adlo et al., 1997; de Wijs et al., 1998; Alf\`e
and Gillan, 1998a,b), and was constructed using an Ar core and a
$4s^13d^7$ atomic reference configuration. The oxygen pseudopotential
was constructed using a He core and the $2s^22p^4$ reference
configuration. At Earth's core pressures the distance between the
atoms becomes so small that the Fe($3p$) orbitals respond
significantly. The net effect is a small repulsion, which we
determined from calculations on the h.c.p. crystal using a Ne core for
the iron pseudopotential instead of Ar. We represent this repulsion by
Fe-Fe and Fe-O pair potentials, as in our earlier work (Vo\v{c}adlo et
al., 1997; de Wijs et al., 1998). The resulting corrections to energy
and forces are generally small. Non-linear core corrections (Louie et al.,
1982) are included throughout the work.
For all the calculations to be reported, we use a plane-wave cut-off of
400 eV, which gives total energies converged within $\approx 10-20$
meV/atom. In the calculations on crystals Brillouin-zone sampling is
an important issue, and the sampling density we use is described in
the next section. But for the liquid we use $\Gamma$ point sampling,
which experience suggests should be satisfactory. (We have done
separate tests on pure liquid iron using 4 {\bf k}-points, and we have
found no detectable structural effects, while the average total energy
difference with respect to the $\Gamma$ point only calculations is of
the order of 10 meV/atom, which is completely negligible for the
purposes of the present work). The time step used in the dynamical
simulations was 1 fs and we generally used a self-consistency
threshold of $1.5 \times 10^{-7}$ eV/atom. With these prescriptions
the drift of the Nos\'e constant of motion was less than $\approx 60 $
K per ps.
\section{Fe/O solid solutions}\label{solid}
We have used the techniques described in the previous section to
calculate the equilibrium properties and the enthalpy of formation
$\Delta H$ of various members of the Fe/O system, including those
studied by Sherman (1995). Although Sherman's calculations and ours
are both based on DFT, the technical methods are completely different,
since Sherman used the FLAPW method, whereas ours are based on the
pseudopotential approach. One of our main aims is therefore to make
detailed comparisons with his results in order to ensure that the two
methods agree about the energetics of the systems. We shall also point
out that there are Fe$_3$O structures with enthalpies of formation
much lower than those reported previously.
We begin by presenting our results for the equilibrium density
$\rho_0$ (i.e. the density for which the pressure is zero), the bulk
modulus $K$ at this density, and the pressure derivative $K' \equiv
dK/dP$ for crystals of Fe, FeO, Fe$_3$O and Fe$_4$O. Pure Fe is in the
$\epsilon$ structure (hexagonal close packed); FeO is in the B8
structure (the NiAs structure); Fe$_3$O is in the structure obtained
from face-centred cubic Fe by replacing the atoms at the corners of
the conventional cube by O atoms; and Fe$_4$O is in the structure
obtained from f.c.c. Fe by inserting an O atom at the centre of the
conventional cube (see Fig. 1). We have done the
calculations both spin restricted (the occupation numbers of every
electronic orbital are equal for up and down spins, so that there are
no magnetic moments) and spin unrestricted (the occupation numbers for
up and down spins are allowed to vary independently). To sample the
Brillouin zone (BZ) we have used Monkhorst and Pack grids (1976)
using the sampling level that corresponds to 20 and 36 {\bf
k}-points in the irreducible wedge of the BZ respectively for the
cubic (Fe$_3$O and Fe$_4$O) and the hexagonal (Fe($\epsilon$) and
FeO(B8)) crystals. Using these values, the total energies are converged
within 5 meV/atom for the Fe$_3$O, Fe$_4$O and FeO(B8) structures, and
within $10-15$ meV/atom for the Fe($\epsilon$) structure. We find that,
except for Fe, all the structures are magnetic at low pressures, so
that the system is stabilised if spin restriction is removed. This
disagrees with the results of Sherman (1995), where a significant
magnetic moment was found only for the FeO(B8) structure (a weak
moment was found for Fe$_3$O).
Since we regarded the disagreement concerning magnetic properties as
disturbing, we repeated our calculations of the equilibrium magnetic
moment of Fe$_3$O and Fe$_4$O using a completely independent
electronic structure technique, namely the LMTO method (linearised
muffin-tin orbitals), using the LMTO-46 code due to Krier et
al. (1994). These calculations completely confirm the magnetic
ordering in Fe$_3$O and Fe$_4$O and give numerical values for the
magnetic moments that agree well with those given by our
pseudopotential calculations. This suggests that the minimisation of
the total energy with respect to magnetic moments may not have been
fully under control in Sherman's work.
For each system we
have calculated the static internal energy $E$ for a series of volumes, and
fitted the results to the Birch-Murnaghan equation of state:
\begin{eqnarray}\label{murna}
E = E_0 + \frac{3}{2}V_0K \left [ \frac{3}{4}(1+2\xi)\left
(\frac{V_0}{V}\right )^{4/3} - \frac{\xi}{2}
\left ( \frac{V_0}{V} \right )^{2}
-\frac{2}{3}(1+\xi) \left ( \frac{V_0}{V}
\right )^{2/3} +
\frac{1}{2} \left ( \xi + \frac{3}{2}\right ) \right ] \\
\xi = \frac{3}{4}(4 - K'), \hspace{12cm} \nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
where $K$ is the zero pressure bulk modulus, $K'= (dK/dP)_{P=0}$,
$E_0$ is the equilibrium energy and $V_0$ the equilibrium volume. Our
calculated values of $\rho_0$, $K$ and $K'$ are compared with
Sherman's results in Table 1, which also reports our
calculated magnetic moments. The overall conclusion from the
comparison is that the results agree well in the cases where magnetism
is absent: pure Fe and spin-restricted Fe$_3$O and Fe$_4$O (Sherman's
calculations are effectively spin-restricted for Fe$_3$O and Fe$_4$O,
since he found no moments). The equilibrium density agrees in those cases
to better than $2 \%$, and the values of $K$ and $K'$ to about $10
\%$. However, our results show that magnetism has a strong effect on
the equilibrium properties, so that it is important to treat it
correctly. The case of FeO(B8) is problematic. Our spin-unrestricted
calculations give a $\rho_0$ value in respectable agreement with that
of Sherman, but the agreement is poor for $K$ and $K'$. It is clear
that the accurate treatment of the volume dependence of magnetic
moment is important in obtaining reliable values for these parameters,
and our suspicion is that problems with moments may have affected
Sherman's values. However, we shall stress below that magnetic effects
become unimportant at core pressures, so the most important feature of
Table 1 is the good agreement between the two sets of
calculations for the non-magnetic cases.
We turn now to the enthalpies of formation $\Delta H$ of Fe$_3$O and
Fe$_4$O, defined by:
\begin{eqnarray}
\Delta H({\rm Fe_3O}) = H({\rm Fe_3O}) - H({\rm FeO(B8)}) - 2H({\rm
Fe}(\epsilon)), \nonumber \\
\Delta H({\rm Fe_4O}) = H({\rm Fe_4O}) - H({\rm FeO(B8)}) -
3H({\rm Fe}(\epsilon)),
\end{eqnarray}
where $H \equiv E + PV$ is the enthalpy per formula unit of each
material. The total energy is taken directly from our Birch-Murnaghan
fit, and the pressure $P = -dE/dV$ is calculated from the derivative
of the fitted form. We have done these calculations both spin
restricted and spin-unrestricted, and our results are reported in the
two panels of Fig. 2. In the spin-restricted panel we also
show Sherman's enthalpy results. The most important conclusion is that
$\Delta H$ for both Fe$_3$O and Fe$_4$O becomes very large at core
pressures. In the range from 135 GPa (core-mantle boundary) to 330 GPa
(inner-core boundary) $\Delta H$ is at least 3 eV, which corresponds
roughly to a temperature of $3.5 \times 10^4$ K, so that it is
exceedingly unlikely that Fe$_3$O and Fe$_4$O could be
thermodynamically stable in the assumed structures.
Our spin unrestricted results indicate that the true values of $\Delta
H$ are considerably lower than Sherman's results at low pressure, but
at high pressure the differences between the magnetic and non-magnetic
values of $\Delta H$ become very small, so the conclusion is
unaffected. The detailed agreement with Sherman's values of $\Delta H$
is only moderately good, but again this does not affect the
conclusions about the very large size of $\Delta H$.
We now want to ask whether the assumed crystal structures for Fe$_3$O
and Fe$_4$O are actually the most stable. A glance at Wyckoff's book
{\em Crystal Structures} (1964) shows that compounds having the
composition A$_3$B crystallise in a bewildering variety of
structures. We have picked some likely candidates and calculated their
formation enthalpy. Most turn out to be unfavourable, with $\Delta H$
values at least as great as those already reported in
Fig.~2. However, we have discovered one that has a much
lower value. This is the BiI$_3$ structure, which has a rhombohedral
unit cell containing two formula units. Putting Fe$_3$O into this
structure and relaxing both the atomic positions and the shape of the
cell, we end up with the triclinic structure shown in
Fig.~1. To characterise the structure briefly, we note
that at 300 GPa each oxygen is surrounded by 11 Fe neighbours at
distances of between 1.76 and 2.57 \AA, and two O atoms at distances
of 2.02 and 2.34 \AA~(by contrast, in the cubic Fe$_3$O structure at
the same pressure, each oxygen has 12 Fe neighbours at 2.05 \AA, and
the nearest oxygen neighbours are at 2.9 \AA). We have calculated the
fully relaxed total energy of this structure at several volumes, and
the resulting structural parameters are reported in Table
2. Spin unrestricted calculations show that the structure
is weakly magnetic, but the moment and the energy stabilisation are so
small that the effects can be ignored.
Fitting of the energies to the Birch-Murnaghan equation of state
yields the enthalpy of formation shown in
Fig. 2. Remarkably, $\Delta H$ is very much lower than for
the previous structures, and it decreases with increasing pressure. At
the pressure of the inner core boundary it is only just over 1
eV. Since we arrived at this distorted BiI$_3$ structure in a rather
haphazard way, it is quite likely that there are other Fe$_3$O
structures with even lower enthalpies. We cannot say at present
whether there are Fe$_3$O structures that are stable against phase
separation under Earth's core conditions, but it certainly does not
look impossible. The low $\Delta H$ for the BiI$_3$ structure will be
highly relevant to our study of phase stability in the liquid Fe/O
system.
\section{The liquid}\label{liquid}
\subsection{Thermodynamics}
Our aim in choosing the thermodynamic parameters for our liquid
simulations was to model liquid Fe/O near the thermodynamic state it
would need to have to reproduce the known outer-core density at the
inner core boundary (ICB). The temperature at this point is very
uncertain, with estimates ranging from 4000 to 8000 K (Poirier,
1991). We took the value of 6000 K, which is intended to be a
reasonable compromise. However, the density and the pressure are quite
accurately known to be $ \approx 12000$ kg~m$^{-3}$ and $\approx 330 $
GPa. This density is about $10 \%$ lower than it would be if the core
consisted of pure iron (Birch, 1952). The main problem in choosing
thermodynamic parameters is that we do not know in advance the
required oxygen concentration, so that a certain amount of trial and
error is needed.
We started from our previous 64-atom simulation for pure liquid iron
(Vo\v{c}adlo et al., 1997), which had a mass density of $13300$
kg~m$^{-3}$ and a calculated pressure of $358 \pm 6$ GPa. Our first
move was to hold the volume of the system fixed and to transmute the
appropriate number of iron atoms into oxygen atoms to produce the
density of $12000$ kg~m$^{-3}$. This resulted in a large reduction of
the pressure, and we therefore reduced the cell volume to restore the
original pressure. Naturally, this increased the density, and we
therefore converted more iron atoms into oxygen to regain the density
of $12000$ kg~m$^{-3}$. By repeating this cycle many times, one could
in principle achieve the required density and pressure. But the
calculations are very demanding, since at each state point one has to
equilibrate the system and run it for long enough to obtain adequate
statistics for the pressure, so that in practice a compromise between
accuracy and computational effort is needed. After several
iterations, we ended up with a simulation box containing 43 iron atoms
and 21 oxygen atoms, i.e. mole fractions of $x_{\rm Fe}\approx 0.67$
and $x_{\rm O}\approx 0.33$. The resulting mass density of $11600$
kg~m$^{-3}$ and pressure of $342 \pm 4$ GPa are close to the known
values at the ICB.
Since the mass density of $11600$ kg~m$^{-3}$ is slightly below the
known value at the ICB, it is likely that the concentration of $x_{\rm
O}\approx 0.33$ is an overestimate. We have therefore taken a second
thermodynamic state with a lower concentration. In order to facilitate
comparisons with our calculations on crystalline Fe$_3$O, we chose the
value $x_{\rm O} = 0.25$. This second simulation was performed on a
system of 48 iron atoms and 16 oxygen atoms at the mass density of
$12200$ kg~m$^{-3}$, and the resulting pressure was $366 \pm 8$
GPa. We shall refer to the two simulations in the following as the
`$33 \%$ simulation' and the `$25 \%$ simulation'.
From the thermodynamic results just mentioned, we can estimate the
oxygen concentration that would be needed to reproduce the known
density and pressure at the ICB. Interpolating between the calculated
density values and applying a small correction for the slightly
different pressures in the two simulations, we estimate that the mole
fraction $x_{\rm O} = 0.28$ would reproduce the density $12000$
kg~m$^{-3}$ at the ICB pressure.
In the next sections we describe the structural, dynamical and
electronic-structure properties of the Fe/O liquid alloys.
\subsection{Structure}\label{structure}
We have simulated the $33 \% $ system for 4.2 ps after 2 ps of
equilibration. The structural properties of the system have been
inspected by looking at the partial radial distribution functions
(rdf), $g_{\rm FeFe}(r)$, $g_{\rm FeO}(r)$, and $g_{\rm OO}(r)$. The
partial rdf's are defined so that, sitting on an atom of
the species $\alpha$, the probability of finding an atom of the
species $\beta$ in the spherical shell $(r,r+dr)$ is $ 4\pi
r^2n_{\beta} g_{\alpha \beta}(r) dr$, where $n_{\beta}$ is the number
density of the species $\beta$ (the mole fraction of species
$\beta$ times the total number of atoms per unit volume).
We have calculated averages of the rdf's over different small time
windows of the simulation and we find no meaningful differences
between the windows. This confirms that the system is well
equilibrated. In Fig. 3 we display the rdf's calculated
from the whole simulation. These show that the distance between
neighbouring iron and oxygen atoms is significantly smaller than the
iron-iron distance, the maximum of $g_{\rm FeO}(r)$ being at $\approx
1.7$ \AA, while the maximum of $g_{\rm FeFe}(r)$ is at $\approx 2.1$
\AA. It is interesting to notice that $g_{\rm OO}(r)$ has a first
maximum at $\approx 2.1$ \AA, which is much greater than the chemical
bond length expected for O-O single or double bonds (1.47 \AA~ and
$1.21$ \AA~ respectively). This is clear evidence that there is no
covalent bonding between oxygen atoms. The presence of the O-O peak
at $\approx 2.1$ \AA~ indicates that oxygen atoms repel each other
with an effective atomic diameter of $\approx 2.1$ \AA. This fact shows
that oxygen has two effective sizes in the liquid: a small one when it
interacts with iron and a large one when it interacts with itself.
It is interesting to compare the structural properties of the alloy
with those of pure liquid iron. In Fig. 4 we display
the rdf calculated earlier for pure liquid iron at ICB conditions
(Vo\v{c}adlo et al., 1997) and the $g_{\rm FeFe}$ calculated here.
The two are not very different, the only apparent effect being the
broadening of the peak in the liquid alloy, which is probably due to
the greater disorder in the alloy.
The integration of the first peak of the rdf's provides a definition
of the coordination number $N^c_{\alpha \beta}$ (the average number of
neighbours of species $\beta$ surrounding an atom of species $\alpha$):
\begin{equation}
N^c_{\alpha \beta} = 4 \pi n_\beta \int_0^{r^c_{\alpha \beta}}
r^2 g_{\alpha \beta}(r) dr,
\end{equation}
where $r^c_{\alpha \beta}$ is the position of the minimum after the
first peak of $g_{\alpha \beta}$. We find the values $N^c_{\rm
FeFe}=11.0$, $N^c_{\rm FeO}=4.5$, $N^c_{\rm OFe}=9.2$, and
$N^c_{\rm OO}=4.5$. For comparison, the average coordination number
found in our earlier simulation of pure liquid iron at ICB conditions
was $N^c_{\rm FeFe}=13.8$ (Vo\v{c}adlo et al., 1997). In interpreting these
numbers, it is helpful to consider the coordination numbers that would
be found if iron and oxygen atoms had exactly the same size and if
atoms were packed in the same way as in pure liquid iron. In that
case, the total number of neighbours of each iron atom, $N^c_{\rm
FeFe} + N^c_{\rm FeO}$, would be the same as in pure iron, whereas in
fact it is 15.5. This increase of coordination number is clearly due
to the smaller size of oxygen, which allows more atoms to be fitted
into the first shell of neighbours. On the other hand, the total
number of neighbours of each oxygen atom, $N^c_{\rm OFe} +
N^c_{\rm OO}$ is 13.7, which is almost the same as the coordination
number in pure iron. We interpret this as the result of two competing
effects. The smaller size of oxygen would lead to a smaller
coordination number if all atoms in its shell of neighbours were
iron. But since on average 4.5 of the neighbours are oxygen, which
have a smaller size when interacting with iron atoms in the shell, the
coordination number is increased again.
We note that the structure of the liquid is very different from that
of the cubic Fe$_3$O and Fe$_4$O crystals discussed in section
\ref{solid}. Oxygen atoms in these crystals have respectively 12 and 6
iron neighbours. The coordination number of 9.2 in the liquid is roughly half way between the two. In the
liquid, the radii from oxygen to iron and oxygen neighbours are equal
to $\approx 1.7$ and $\approx 2.1$ \AA~ respectively, whereas in the
cubic Fe$_3$O crystal at a similar pressure, the distances are 2.05
and 2.9 \AA. On the other hand, in the BiI$_3$-structure Fe$_3$O, the
O-Fe neighbour separation is spread over the range $1.76-2.57$ \AA,
and the O-O separation is in the range $2.02-2.34$ \AA.
We now want to ask whether our simulated system is really in a single
phase and whether we can detect any sign of phase separation. In
studying this it is very helpful to calculate the static structure
factors $S_{\alpha\beta}(k)$ defined by:
\begin{equation}
S_{\alpha\beta}(k) = \langle \rho_\alpha^*({\bf
k})\rho_\beta({\bf k}) \rangle,
\end{equation}
where $\langle \cdot \rangle$ denotes the thermal average (in practice
evaluated as a time average). Here, $\rho_\alpha({\bf k})$ is the
Fourier component of the number density of species $\alpha$ at
wavevector ${\bf k}$, given by:
\begin{equation}
\rho_\alpha({\bf k}) = N_\alpha^{-1/2}\sum_{i=1}^{N_\alpha} {\rm
exp}(i{\bf k} \cdot {\bf r}_{\alpha i}),
\end{equation}
where $N_\alpha$ is the number of
atoms of species $\alpha$ and ${{\bf r}_{\alpha i}}$ is the position of
the $i$th atom of this species. Phase separation is associated with
fluctuations of the concentrations of the two species, and the
structure factors give us quantitative information about the
intensities of these fluctuations.
The connection between phase separation and structure factors can be
made more precise. In the limit of zero wavevector, the structure
factors of a liquid alloy can be rigorously expressed in terms of
thermodynamic derivatives (Bhatia and Thornton, 1970):
\begin{equation}
\lim_{ k \rightarrow 0} S_{\alpha\beta}(k) = \frac{k_BT}{(N_\alpha
N_\beta)^{1/2}} \left ( \frac{\partial N_\alpha}{\partial \mu_\beta}
\right )_{V,T,\mu_\beta'}.
\end{equation}
where $\mu_\alpha$ are the chemical potentials, and the notation
indicates that the derivative is to be taken with the volume $V$, the
temperature $T$ and all chemical potential except $\mu_\beta$ held
fixed. But the condition for thermodynamic stability with respect to
phase separation is
\begin{equation}
(\partial \mu_\alpha/\partial x_\beta)_{P,T} > 0.
\end{equation}
At the consolute point (the point in the phase diagram at which phases
start to separate) the derivatives $(\partial \mu_\alpha/\partial
x_\beta)_{P,T}$ become zero. This implies that the matrix of
derivatives $(\partial \mu_\alpha/\partial N_\beta)_{V,T,N_\beta'}$
has vanishing eigenvalues, corresponding to variations of the numbers
$N_\alpha$ that maintain the pressure constant at fixed volume. But
the matrix $(\partial N_\alpha/\partial \mu_\beta)_{V,T,\mu_\beta'}$ is
the inverse of the matrix $(\partial \mu_\alpha/\partial
N_\beta)_{V,T,N_\beta'}$, so that when the latter becomes singular the
former must acquire infinite eigenvalues. The consequence is that the
values of the structure factors in the zero-wavevector limit must
diverge if the system is unstable with respect to phase
separation. This is also intuitively clear: as one passes from the
miscible to the immiscible region, concentration fluctuations become
ever larger, becoming of macroscopic size when the phases separate,
and the increase in the fluctuations is reflected in the divergence of
the quantities $S_{\alpha\beta}( k \rightarrow 0)$.
Our calculated structure factors for the $33 \%$ simulation are
reported in Fig. 5. They have the form usually found in
liquid alloys, with prominent peaks in $S_{\rm FeFe}(k)$ and
$S_{\rm OO}(k)$ in the region $k \approx 4$ \AA$^{-1}$ signalling the
approximate spatial periodicity associated with the packing of the
atoms. The significant feature for present purposes is the lack of any
anomalous behaviour at small wavevectors. We recognize, of course, that
because of the limited size of the repeating simulation cell, there is
a lower limit to the wavevector that we can examine, which in the
present case is 0.86 \AA$^{-1}$. But at least in the accessible region
of wavevectors there is no indication of any tendency towards phase
separation.
Before leaving the description of structure, we outline another
method we have used to search for signs of phase separation. To
explain this, let us imagine for a moment that the system had
separated into phases of pure Fe and pure FeO. Then the Fe atoms in
the Fe phase would have no oxygen neighbours, whereas the Fe atoms in
the FeO phase might be expected to have 6 oxygen neighbours (we assume
the FeO liquid to have a structure resembling that of crystalline FeO
in the NiAs structure). On the other hand, in the unseparated Fe/O
phase, the number of oxygen neighbours surrounding each Fe atom
fluctuates around the value $4-5$ (see above). We can therefore
distinguish between the two situations by studying the probability
distribution for the number of oxygen neighbours surrounding Fe atoms.
To do this, we use the cut-off distance $r^c_{\alpha \beta}$ defined
above to decide when an atom of species $\beta$ counts as a neighbour
of an atom of species $\alpha$, and we define the function $P_{\alpha
\beta}(n,r^c_{\alpha \beta})$ as the probability that an atom of
species $\alpha$ has $n$ neighbours of species $\beta$. If there is a
complete phase separation, we expect $P_{\rm Fe O}$ to have peaks in the
region of $n=0$ and $n=8$, but if there is no separation we expect a
single peak in the region of $n=4-5$. Note that the rdfs contain less
information than the $P_{\alpha \beta}$ functions, and cannot by
themselves deliver the discrimination we need.
We present in Fig. 6 the function $P_{\rm Fe O}(n,r^c_{\rm
Fe O})$ calculated from our $33 \%$ simulation with the cut-off
$r^c_{\rm Fe O}=2.5$ \AA. This shows a single peak at $n=4$, and no
sign of any structure at lower or higher values of $n$. This means
that there is no indication whatever of any tendency towards phase
separation.
\subsection{Confirmation of phase stability}
Our failure to find any evidence of phase separation strongly suggests
that the Fe/O liquid is in fact stable. But it might be objected that
a simulation lasting only $4-6$ ps does not give enough time for
separation to occur, and that it would occur if the simulation were
longer. To eliminate this possibility we have devised a method in
which phase separation is artificially induced by an external
force. We shall show that when the force is removed the phases
spontaneously re-mix very rapidly. We performed this procedure on the
$25 \%$ simulation (it is not significant that the $25 \%$ case was
chosen for this, and we believe that the $33\%$ system would have
behaved in the same way).
In our procedure, we notionally divide our cubic cell into two parts,
consisting of the left region $0 < x < 0.4$ and the right region $0.4
< x < 1.0$ ($x$ is the coordinate along one of the edge directions in
units of the cell length). The first step is to sweep all the oxygen
atoms into the left region with an external force, so that this region
contains something resembling FeO, while the right region contains
pure Fe. To achieve this, we apply a constant force along the $x$-axis
to all oxygen atoms lying in the right region. This force is in the
positive $x$ direction for $0.7 < x < 1.0$ and in the negative
direction for $0.4 < x < 0.7$. No force is applied to the iron atoms,
and these are left free to redistribute themselves. Initially, the
magnitude of the force was taken to be 1 eV/\AA, but since this proved
to be too weak it was increased to 3 eV/\AA. After $\approx 1$ ps a
complete phase separation was achieved, with all oxygen atoms in the
left region, and we let the system equilibrate with the external force
still present for a further 1 ps. We show in Fig. 7 a
snapshot of one configuration taken from this period, which clearly
shows the complete separation of phases. The external force was then
switched off and the system was allowed to evolve for a further 2 ps.
Remarkably, we found that after only 1 ps had elapsed the oxygen atoms
became completely randomized throughout the cell, as can be seen in
the snapshot shown in in the lower part of Fig. 7.
To characterise these events quantitatively, we use the probability
function $P_{\rm Fe O}(n,r^c_{\rm Fe O})$ described in section
\ref{structure}. Fig. 8 shows this<|fim_middle|> value $\eta = 4.5 \pm 1.0 $ mPa~s. This value is
roughly half the value reported earlier for liquid Fe (Vo\v{c}adlo et
al., 1997) and Fe/S (Alf\`e and Gillan, 1998a) at ICB conditions, and
is not very much greater than the viscosity of typical liquid metals
under ambient conditions; for example, the viscosity of liquid
aluminium at atmospheric pressure 100 K above its melting point is
1.25 mPa~s (Shimoji and Itami, 1986).
This result confirms our earlier conclusion (de Wijs et al., 1998) that the
viscosity of the outer core is towards the lower end of the wide range
of theoretical and experimental values reported in the literature.
\subsection{Electronic structure}\label{electronic}
We have studied the electronic structure of our simulated Fe/O liquid
in order to shed light on the nature of the bonding between the atoms
and to help to interpret the structure discussed in section
\ref{structure}. The main tools used in this analysis are the
electronic density of states (DOS) and the local density of states
(LDOS). The DOS represents the number of electronic states per unit
energy as a function of energy, while the LDOS is a projection of the
DOS onto states of chosen angular momentum on atoms of chosen
species. In performing this projection we took spherical regions of
radius $R$ on the atoms, and in practice we chose $R=0.6$ \AA~ for
both iron and oxygen. This $R$ value is considerably smaller than half
the interatomic distance in the liquid (see Fig. 3), so we
expect to distinguish clearly between the electronic structures on
different atoms. The results are not averaged over time but are
calculated from the electronic energies and wavefunctions for selected
time steps taken from the $25 \%$ simulation.
The calculated DOS is shown in the upper panel of Fig. 11,
and consists of four main features (energies are referred to the Fermi
energy): two fairly narrow peaks at $-24$ and $-11$ eV; a large
dominant peak spanning the range $-9$ eV to $3$ eV; and a broad
feature extending well above the Fermi energy. The LDOS shown in the
lower panel of the Figure allows us to interpret these features. The
peak at $-24$ eV consists entirely of O$(2s)$ states. The peak at
$-11$ eV is mainly O$(2p)$, but with an appreciable contribution of
Fe$(3d)$. The dominant peak from $-9$ eV to $3$ eV consists mainly of
Fe$(3d)$ states, but there is a significant peak associated with
O$(2p)$ states just above the Fermi energy. The broad feature above
the Fermi energy comes from both Fe$(3d)$ and O$(2p)$ states.
To see the implications of this structure for the interatomic bonding,
we note that if the O$(2p)$ states were much lower in energy than the
Fe$(3d)$ states, there would be very little hybridisation between the
two kind of states, the O$(2p)$ levels would be completely filled, and
the oxygen atoms would carry a net charge of $-2|e|$. The Fe-O bonding
would be ionic. On the other hand, if the O$(2p)$ states were at the
same energy as Fe$(3d)$, we should expect strong hybridisation and
little charge transfer, so that the bonding would be covalent. It is
clear from Fig. 11 that the Fe-O bonding is intermediate
between ionic and covalent. The O$(2p)$ states are below Fe$(3d)$, but
not low enough to suppress hybridisation. There is a clear splitting
of the O$(2p)$ levels into bonding and anti-bonding orbitals, though
the bonding orbital clearly has much larger weight (in pure covalent
bonding we should expect the weights to be equal). The peak in
Fe$(3d)$ at $-11$ eV is also clear evidence for hybridisation between
O$(2p)$ and Fe$(3d)$. The implication is that there is a partial
charge transfer from Fe to O, but not enough to give oxygen a charge
of $-2|e|$.
The bonding between Fe atoms is metallic. The partial filling of the
Fe$(3d)$ levels gives the well known bonding mechanism emphasised by
Friedel's (1969) analysis of the cohesive and elastic
properties of transition metal crystals.
Since the oxygen atoms carry partial charges and their $2p$ orbitals
are almost full, no covalent bond is expected between them, and this
is also clear from Fig. 3. To investigate the electronic
state of oxygen in more detail, we have calculated the LDOS for oxygen
atoms in different environments. We show in Fig. 12 the LDOS
for two oxygen atoms denoted O$_{\rm a}$ and O$_{\rm b}$, which have
been chosen from the $25 \%$ simulation so that O$_{\rm a}$ has 10 Fe
neighbours and one O neighbour while O$_{\rm b}$ has seven Fe and four
O neighbours. If there were any covalent bonding between O atoms, we
should expect a larger bonding-antibonding splitting of the $2p$
states for the O$_{\rm b}$ atoms than for O$_{\rm a}$, and we might
expect a similar splitting (or at least a broadening) of the O$(2s)$
states for O$_{\rm b}$. The LDOS curves show neither of these
effects. Instead, the main difference is the upward shift of the peaks
for O$_{\rm b}$ compared with O$_{\rm a}$. We believe this is direct
evidence for the partial charge transfer: the valence electrons of
O$_{\rm b}$ feel a repulsive electrostatic potential due to the
partial negative charges on the four oxygen neighbours, which raises
their energy.
The main bonding mechanisms in the liquid are therefore the ionic-covalent
Fe-O bond and the metallic Fe-Fe bond. Since the O$(2p)$ atomic
orbitals are more compact than Fe$(3d)$ orbitals we expect the Fe-O
distance to be shorter than the Fe-Fe distance, and this effect is
clear from the rdf's shown in Fig. 3. The partial charge
transfer presumably also contributes to the shortening of this
distance.
\section{Discussion}
Two of our main aims in this paper have been to probe the phase
stability of liquid Fe/O under Earth's core conditions, and to
determine the oxygen concentration that would be needed to reproduce
the known core density. In practice, these aims must be taken
together: we want to know whether the alloy is thermodynamically
stable at the appropriate concentration.
The results we have presented leave little doubt that {\em if} the
liquid is stable then the mole fraction of oxygen must be in the
region $25-30 \%$ (our best estimate is $28 \%$), because anything
much less than this would give a pressure that is too low at the known
density. This is essentially the same as the value proposed many
years ago by Ringwood (1977). In judging the robustness of this
conclusion we recall some important facts: First, DFT
electronic-structure methods of the type used here generally predict
the density of materials at a given pressure to within a few
percent. Particularly relevant here are recent DFT calculations
(Stixrude et al., 1994; S\"oderlind et al., 1996; Vo\v{c}adlo et al.,
1997) on h.c.p. iron over the pressure range $0-350$ GPa which are in
excellent agreement with each other and with the experimental
results. Similar comparisons for FeSi (Vo\v{c}adlo et al., 1997) are
also relevant. DFT calculations on oxides (including transition-metal
oxides) generally predict the density with similar accuracy. A second
important fact is that our earlier first principles simulations of
pure liquid iron, based on exactly the same techniques, gave a
prediction of the density at the pressure of the inner core boundary
which is correct to $\approx 2 \%$. (In fact the comparison was done
the other way round: at the density of 13300 kg~m$^{-3}$ and the
temperature of 6000 K, our simulations gave a pressure of 358 GPa,
compared with the value of 330 GPa estimated from experimental data.)
Third, our estimate of the oxygen concentration is based on {\em
changes} of pressure and density compared with our simulated pure
iron. The calculations should be even more reliable for these
differences then they are for the absolute values. We therefore
believe that our value for the oxygen concentration required should be
subject to an error of no more that $\approx 5 \%$.
It is interesting to compare the liquid composition with that for the
case of Fe/S. In our recent simulations (Alf\`e and Gillan, 1998a), we
showed that liquid Fe/S is not far from reproducing the known pressure
and density at the inner core boundary with a sulphur mole fraction of
$18 \%$. At this composition, the mass density of 12330 kg~m$^{-3}$
gave a calculated pressure of $349 \pm 6$ GPa. If we make a
correction to bring the density to 12000 kg~m$^{-3}$, we find a
sulphur mole fraction of $23 \%$. This means that to achieve the
required reduction in density we actually need a higher mole fraction
of oxygen than of sulphur, even though the atomic mass of oxygen is
only half that of sulphur. The reason is that the oxygen atom is
smaller, a point to which we return below.
The question of phase stability is more complex. What seems certain is
that earlier arguments against phase stability based on {\em ab
initio} calculations of the energetics of Fe$_3$O and Fe$_4$O crystals
(Sherman, 1995) do not really deliver the intended conclusion. This is
not because the calculations were wrong. On the contrary, our
calculations fully support their correctness. It is simply that the
crystal structures assumed were not the most stable. We have presented
an alternative structure for Fe$_3$O which gives a formation enthalpy
that is low enough ($\approx 1$ eV) to make phase stability under core
conditions quite plausible.
We have used our simulations to probe the phase stability of the Fe/O
liquid in the appropriate region of concentration, and all the
indications are that it is stable. We therefore fully support the
conclusion that has been drawn from high pressure experimental
measurements (Ohtani et al., 1984; Ringwood and Hibberson, 1990) that
liquid Fe and FeO are miscible under core conditions in the
concentration region of interest. However, a word of caution is in
order. The fact is that our simulated systems are rather small, and it
is quite conceivable that a system that would be unstable in the
thermodynamic limit could be stabilised by the artificial periodic
boundary conditions in small simulation cells. Nevertheless, our
calculations certainly provide strong support for the thermodynamic
stability of liquid Fe/O under core conditions at the relevant
concentration. In the end, we believe that the definitive theoretical
approach to this question will be first principles free energy
calculations on the appropriate solid and liquid phases. These would
be computationally very demanding, but should certainly be feasible in
the near future. (First principles free energy calculations have
recently been used with success to calculate the melting properties of
silicon and aluminium (Sugino and Car, 1995; de Wijs et al., 1998).)
The small size of oxygen is clear from our analysis of the liquid
structure: the Fe-O nearest neighbour distance (the position of the
first peak in the rdf) is only at $\approx 1.7$ \AA, compared with
$\approx 2.1$ \AA~ for the Fe-Fe distance. We recall that in the Fe/S
liquid, the Fe-S distance was $\approx 1.95$ \AA~ (Alf\`e and Gillan,
1998a). An important feature of the liquid is that each oxygen has on
average only 9 iron neighbours, whereas it has between 4 and 5 oxygen
neighbours. This atomic environment of oxygen is very different from
that produced by the cubic structure of Fe$_3$O. By contrast in the
BiI$_3$ structure of Fe$_3$O oxygen has 11 iron neighbours and 2
oxygen neighbours. The dilemma in making crystal structures for Fe/O
solid solutions at core pressures is that we want to achieve close
packing because of the high pressure, but the atoms that are being
packed have different sizes. It seems that the cubic structure of
Fe$_3$O is not a good solution. The BiI$_3$ structure is better, even
though it means putting oxygen atoms next each other. There may be
yet better ways.
Our analysis of the electronic structure of the liquid gives further
insight. Here, the important feature is that Fe-O bonding is only
partially ionic, with a substantial covalent contribution. The
implication that there is partial electron transfer from Fe to O is
relevant, because presumably if O carried a full ionic charge of
$-2|e|$ oxygen atoms would be more reluctant to become neighbours of
each other. The electronic structure shows that there is no
detectable covalent interaction between oxygens, so the fact that they
become neighbours cannot be attributed to covalency.
Finally, we have studied the diffusion coefficient of iron and oxygen
atoms and the viscosity of the liquid at $33 \%$ composition. The
finding is that both species diffuse more rapidly than in either pure
liquid iron or the liquid Fe/S alloy: the diffusion coefficients have
roughly twice the value that they have in pure Fe and Fe/S at the same
pressure and temperature. We also find that the viscosity of the Fe/O
liquid is about half what it is in those other systems. This means
that if the major light element in the outer core was oxygen, our
earlier conclusion (de Wijs et al., 1998) about the low viscosity of
the outer core would be confirmed, and indeed strengthened.
\section{Conclusions}
We are led to the following conclusions: if the light impurity in the
outer core is mainly oxygen, then its molar concentration would have
to be $\approx 28 \%$; in this region of concentration, we have
strong evidence that the liquid is stable against phase separation;
the proposed miscibility is not in conflict with the large formation
enthalpies predicted by earlier {\em ab initio} calculations, because
those calculations were based on assumed structures that are not the
most stable; the proposed Fe/O liquid alloy has an even lower
viscosity than that of pure Fe and the relevant Fe/S alloy under the
same conditions.
\section*{Acknowledgments}
The work of DA is supported by NERC grant GST/O2/1454 to G. D. Price
and M. J. Gillan. We thank the High Performance Computing Initiative
for allocations of time on the Cray T3D and T3E at Edinburgh Parallel
Computer Centre, these allocations being provided through the Minerals
Physics Consortium (GST/02/1002) and the U.K. Car-Parrinello
Consortium. We thank Dr. G. Kresse and Dr. G. de Wijs for valuable
technical assistance, and Dr. L. Vo\v{c}adlo
and Dr. D. Sherman for useful discussions. We thank Dr. W. Temmerman
for useful advice about the LMTO-46 code, and the Psi-k Network for
making the code available.
\newpage
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\newpage
\begin{tabular}{lcccc}
\hline \hline
& & PP(spin-unrestricted) & PP(spin-restricted) & FLAPW \\
\hline
Fe($\epsilon$) & $\rho_0$ & 8910 & 8910 & 8780 \\
& $K$ & 283 & 283 & 260 \\
& $K'$ & 4.39 & 4.39 & 4.53 \\
& & & & \\
FeO(B8) & $\rho_0$ & 5650 & 6980 & 5810 \\
& $K$ & 92 & 258 & 173 \\
& $K'$ & 4.96 & 4.4 & 2.93 \\
&$\mu$ & 2.0 & & not reported \\
& & & & \\
Fe$_3$O(cubic) & $\rho_0$ & 6500 & 7550 & 7420 \\
& $K$ & 123 & 226 & 223 \\
& $K'$ & 4.23 & 4.04 & 4.02 \\
&$\mu$ & 2.34 & & small \\
& & & & \\
Fe$_4$O & $\rho_0$ & 6880 & 7840 & 7830 \\
& $K$ & 135 & 273 & 310 \\
& $K'$ & 4.82 & 4.26 & 4.17 \\
&$\mu$ & 2.0 & & \\
& & & & \\
Fe$_3$O(BiI$_3$) & $\rho_0$ & & 7930 & \\
& $K$ & & 248 & \\
& $K'$ & & 4.29 & \\
\hline \hline
\end{tabular}
\bigskip
\noindent Table 1: Calculated equilibrium properties of crystals in the Fe/O
system: equilibrium mass density $\rho_0$ (kg~m$^{-3}$), bulk modulus
$K$ (GPa), the pressure derivative $K'=dK/dP$, and magnetic moment per
atom $\mu$ (units of Bohr magneton). Results are given for the present spin
unrestricted and restricted pseudopotential (PP) calculations and the
FLAPW calculations of Sherman (1995). The structures of
the cubic Fe$_3$O, Fe$_4$O and BiI$_3$-structure Fe$_3$O are shown in
Fig. 1.
\bigskip
\bigskip
\begin{tabular}{ccccccc}
\hline \hline
Volume (\AA$^3$) & Pressure (GPa) & $b/a$ & $c/a$ & $\alpha$ &
$\beta$ & $\gamma$ \\
\hline
22 & 467 & 1.01016 & 0.95443 & 123.76 & 90.70 & 79.04 \\
24 & 325 & 1.00988 & 0.95322 & 123.82 & 90.88 & 78.79 \\
26 & 226 & 1.01010 & 0.95164 & 123.85 & 91.03 & 78.55 \\
28 & 156 & 1.00772 & 0.94984 & 123.89 & 91.26 & 78.28 \\
30 & 105 & 1.00574 & 0.94874 & 123.85 & 91.39 & 78.07 \\
32 & 67 & 0.99711 & 0.94465 & 123.82 & 91.79 & 77.69 \\
34 & 40 & 0.99452 & 0.94303 & 123.76 & 91.97 & 77.37 \\
36 & 19 & 0.99193 & 0.94258 & 123.57 & 91.98 & 76.95 \\
\hline \hline
\end{tabular}
\bigskip
\noindent Table 2: Cell parameters and pressure $P$ of Fe$_3$O in the BiI$_3$
structure (see Fig. 1) calculated at a series of volumes
(per Fe$_3$O unit). The quantities $a$, $b$, $c$ are the magnitudes of
the primitive translation vectors, and $\alpha, \beta, \gamma$ are the
angles between the pairs $(a,b), (a,c)$ and $(b,c)$ respectively.
\newpage
\section*{Figure captions}
\medskip\noindent{\bf Fig. 1:} The crystal structures of cubic Fe$_3$O (left),
cubic Fe$_4$O (centre) and the BiI$_3$ form of Fe$_3$O (right) used to
calculate the formation enthalpies of Fe/O solid solutions. Large and
small spheres represent iron and oxygen respectively.
\medskip\noindent{\bf Fig. 2:} Calculated enthalpies of formation (per
formula unit) of solid solutions having compositions Fe$_3$O and
Fe$_4$O. Left panel shows spin-restricted results from present work
compared with FLAPW results of Sherman (1995); right panel shows
present spin-unrestricted results. Key to style of curves: present
cubic Fe$_3$O \protect\rule[.5mm]{5mm}{1mm}, cubic Fe$_3$O of Sherman
(1995) \protect\rule[1mm]{5mm}{0.3mm}, present cubic Fe$_4$O
\protect\rule[.5mm]{1.5mm}{1mm} \protect\rule[.5mm]{1.5mm}{1mm}
\protect\rule[.5mm]{1.5mm}{1mm}, cubic Fe$_4$O of Sherman (1995)
\protect\rule[1mm]{1.5mm}{0.3mm} \protect\rule[1mm]{1.5mm}{0.3mm}
\protect\rule[1mm]{1.5mm}{0.3mm}, present Fe$_3$O in the BiI$_3$
structure \protect\rule[1mm]{1.5mm}{.3mm}
\protect\rule[1mm]{.3mm}{.3mm} \protect\rule[1mm]{1.5mm}{.3mm}
\protect\rule[1mm]{.3mm}{.3mm} \protect\rule[1mm]{1.5mm}{.3mm}
\protect\rule[1mm]{.3mm}{.3mm}. The isolated point shows formation
enthalpy of the amorphous structure obtained by quenching the liquid
(see Sec. \ref{liquid}).
\medskip\noindent{\bf Fig. 3:} Radial distribution functions
$g_{\alpha\beta}(r)$ obtained from simulation of liquid Fe/O at oxygen
molar concentration of $33 \%$.
\medskip\noindent{\bf Fig. 4:} The iron-iron radial distribution function
$g_{\rm FeFe}(r)$ from the present simulation of liquid Fe/O (oxygen
molar concentration of $33 \%$) compared with $g_{\rm FeFe}(r)$ from
simulation of pure liquid iron at similar pressure and temperature
(Vo\v{c}adlo et al., 1997).
\medskip\noindent{\bf Fig. 5:} Partial structure factors $S_{\alpha\beta}(k)$
calculated from simulation of liquid Fe/O at oxygen molar
concentration of $33 \%$.
\medskip\noindent{\bf Fig. 6:} Probability distribution $P_{\rm
FeO}(n,r^c_{\rm FeO})$ for number $n$ of oxygen neighbours of an iron
atom calculated from simulation of liquid Fe/O at oxygen molar
concentration of $33 \%$.
\medskip\noindent{\bf Fig. 7:} Snapshots of the simulated liquid Fe/O system
along three principal Cartesian axes. Top three panels show a
configuration from the period when phase separation was artificially
induced by application of an external force. Bottom three panels show
a configuration from the later period after removal of the external
force. Large and small spheres represent iron and oxygen
respectively.
\medskip\noindent{\bf Fig. 8:} Probability distribution $P_{\rm
FeO}(n,r^c_{\rm FeO})$ for number $n$ of oxygen neighbours of an iron
atom calculated from simulation of liquid Fe/O at oxygen molar
concentration of $25 \%$. Results are average values for three
windows of length 0.1 ps at times of 0 ps, 0.5 ps and 1 ps after
removal of the external force used to induce phase
separation.
\medskip\noindent{\bf Fig. 9:} Time dependent diffusion coefficients
$D_\alpha(t)$ for iron and oxygen calculated from the simulation of
liquid Fe/O at oxygen molar concentration of $33 \%$.
\medskip\noindent{\bf Fig. 10:} Average over the five independent components of
the autocorrelation function of the traceless stress tensor $\phi(t)$
(left panel) and viscosity integral (solid curve) with its statistical
error (dashed curve) (right panel).
\medskip\noindent{\bf Fig. 11:} Electronic density of states (upper panel) and
local densities of states (lower panel) calculated for liquid Fe/O at
oxygen molar concentration of $25 \%$. Energy is referred to the Fermi
energy $E_f$.
\medskip\noindent{\bf Fig. 12:} Local densities of states for two selected
oxygen atoms taken from the simulation of liquid Fe/O at oxygen molar
concentration of $25 \%$. Atom O$_{\rm a}$ has 1 oxygen neighbour and
10 iron neighbours; atom O$_{\rm b}$ has 4 oxygen neighbours and 7
iron neighbours. Energy is referred to the Fermi energy $E_f$.
\newpage
\bigskip\centerline{FIGURE 1}
\bigskip\centerline{\psfig{figure=fe3o.ps,height=1.8in}\hskip 30pt
\psfig{figure=fe4o.ps,height=1.8in}\hskip 30 pt
\psfig{figure=b1.ps,height=1.8in}}
\newpage
\bigskip\centerline{FIGURE 2}
\bigskip\centerline{\psfig{figure=nonmag.ps,height=3in}\hskip 20pt
\psfig{figure=mag.ps,height=3in}}
\newpage
\bigskip\centerline{FIGURE 3}
\bigskip\centerline{\psfig{figure=g21.ps,height=3.5in}}
\newpage
\bigskip\centerline{FIGURE 4}
\bigskip\centerline{\psfig{figure=compare.ps,height=3.5in}}
\newpage
\bigskip\centerline{FIGURE 5}
\bigskip\centerline{\psfig{figure=s1.ps,height=3.5in}}
\newpage
\bigskip\centerline{FIGURE 6}
\bigskip\centerline{\psfig{figure=gnum21.ps,height=3.5in}}
\newpage
\bigskip\centerline{FIGURE 7}
\bigskip\centerline{\psfig{figure=front.ps,height=2.0in}\hskip 10pt
\psfig{figure=top.ps,height=2.0in}\hskip 10pt
\psfig{figure=side.ps,height=2.0in}}
\bigskip\centerline{\psfig{figure=front1.ps,height=2.0in}\hskip 10pt
\psfig{figure=top1.ps,height=2.0in}\hskip 10pt
\psfig{figure=side1.ps,height=2.0in}}
\newpage
\bigskip\centerline{FIGURE 8}
\bigskip\centerline{\psfig{figure=gnum16.ps,height=3.5in}}
\newpage
\bigskip\centerline{FIGURE 9}
\bigskip\centerline{\psfig{figure=m1.ps,height=3.5in}}
\newpage
\bigskip\centerline{FIGURE 10}
\bigskip\centerline{\psfig{figure=sacf.ps,height=2.8in}\hskip 20pt
\psfig{figure=visc.ps,height=2.8in}}
\newpage
\bigskip\centerline{FIGURE 11}
\bigskip\centerline{\psfig{figure=dos.ps,height=3.5in}}
\bigskip\centerline{\psfig{figure=ldos.ps,height=3.5in}}
\newpage
\bigskip\centerline{FIGURE 12}
\bigskip\centerline{\psfig{figure=ldos1.ps,height=3.5in}}
\end{document}
| function calculated by
averaging over three short windows of 0.1 ps each, starting 0 ps , 0.5
ps and 1.0 ps after the external force was switched off. The first
window shows a clear bimodal form, as would be expected for a two
phase system. (We note that because our system is rather small, many
atoms are near the boundary between the phases, so that the peaks in
$P_{\rm Fe O}$ are not as sharp as they would probably be in a larger
system.) After 0.5 ps, the distribution has already become unimodal,
and after 1 ps it is very similar to what we showed in
Fig. 6 for the equilibrium $33 \%$ simulation. The
conclusion is clear: the system is not stable in the separated state
and returns very quickly to the homogeneous state.
In section \ref{solid} we have used the calculations on Fe/O crystals
to show that phase stability in high-temperature Fe/O systems might
well be expected. In particular, we gave an example of an Fe$_3$O
solid structure whose enthalpy of formation is only $\approx 1$ eV. We
have used our $25 \%$ simulation to create another such
structure. This was done simply by quenching the liquid at the rate of
3000 K ps$^{-1}$ until the atoms came to mechanical equilibrium in an
amorphous structure (this is clearly a {\em local} minimum of the
total energy function). We can regard this as a crystal with the
Fe$_3$O composition having an unusually large supercell. The
calculated enthalpy of formation of this solid at the pressure of 290
GPa is reported in the left panel of Fig. 2, and we see
that its stability is even greater that that of the BiI$_3$ structure
proposed for Fe$_3$O in section \ref{solid}. This confirms the idea
that even more stable structures may yet be found.
\subsection{Dynamics}\label{dynamics}
In studying the dynamical properties of the Fe/O liquid, our main
concern is with the viscosity. However, we first give results for the
atomic diffusion coefficients $D_\alpha$, which give a simple way of
characterising the motion of the atoms.
These are straightforwardly calculated from the mean
square displacement of the atoms through the Einstein relation
(Allen and Tildesley, 1987):
\begin{equation}\label{einstein}
\frac{1}{N_\alpha}\langle \sum_{i=1}^{N_\alpha} |{\bf r}_{\alpha
i}(t_0+t) - {\bf r}_{\alpha i}(t_0)|^2 \rangle \rightarrow 6 D_\alpha
t, ~~ {\rm as} ~~ t \rightarrow \infty,
\end{equation}
where ${\bf r}_{i \alpha}(t)$ is the position of the $i$th atom of
species $\alpha$ at time $t$, $N_{\alpha}$ has its usual meaning, and
$\langle \cdot \rangle$ is the thermal average, in practice evaluated by
averaging over time origins $t_0$. In studying the long time
behaviour of the mean square displacement, it is convenient to define
a time dependent diffusion coefficient $D_\alpha(t)$:
\begin{equation}\label{tempo}
D_\alpha(t) = \frac{1}{6 t N_\alpha}\langle \sum_{i=1}^{N_\alpha} |{\bf
r}_{\alpha i}(t_0+t) - {\bf r}_{\alpha i}(t_0)|^2 \rangle,
\end{equation}
which has the property that
\begin{equation}
\lim_{t\rightarrow \infty} D_\alpha(t) = D_\alpha.
\end{equation}
In Fig. 9 we display the iron and the oxygen diffusion
coefficients calculated using Eq. (\ref{tempo}). From this data we
estimate $D_{\rm Fe} \approx 0.8 \times 10^{-8}$ m$^2$ s$^{-1}$ and
$D_{\rm O} \approx 1.0 \times 10^{-8}$ m$^2$ s$^{-1}$. These values
should be compared with those obtained for pure liquid iron, $D_{\rm
Fe} \approx 0.4-0.5 \times 10^{-8}$ m$^2$ s$^{-1}$ (Vo\v{c}adlo et
al., 1997; de Wijs, 1998), and those obtained for Fe and S in our Fe/S
simulation $D_{\rm Fe} \approx 0.4-0.6 \times 10^{-8}$ m$^2$ s$^{-1}$,
and $D_{\rm S} \approx 0.4-0.6 \times 10^{-8}$ m$^2$ s$^{-1}$ (Alf\`e
and Gillan, 1998a). This means that the two species of atoms in liquid
Fe/O diffuse somewhat more rapidly than the atoms in both liquid iron
and the liquid Fe/S alloy at the same pressure and temperature.
In the past, atomic diffusion coefficients have often been used to
estimate the viscosity of liquids via the Stokes-Einstein relation,
and this was the procedure used in our previous work on liquid Fe and
Fe/S. Since the diffusion coefficients are larger in the present case,
this procedure would lead us to expect a lower viscosity for liquid
Fe/O. We have recently demonstrated (Alf\`e and Gillan, 1998b) that the
viscosity can be more directly (and more rigorously) calculated in
first-principles simulations using the Green-Kubo relations, i.e. the
relations between transport coefficients and correlation functions
involving fluxes of conserved quantities (Allen and Tildesley, 1987).
The shear viscosity $\eta$ is given by:
\begin{equation}\label{shear}
\eta = \frac{V}{k_BT} \int_0^\infty dt \langle P_{xy}(t_0+t) P_{xy}(t_0)
\rangle,
\end{equation}
where $V$ is the volume of the system and $P_{xy}$ is the off-diagonal
component of the stress tensor $P_{\alpha\beta}$ ($\alpha$ and $\beta$
are Cartesian components). The stress tensor is straightforwardly
calculated, so that the stress autocorrelation function (SACF) $\langle
P_{xy}(t_0+t) P_{xy}(t_0) \rangle$ can also be obtained, but at first
sight it might appear that very long simulations would be needed to
gather adequate statistical sampling. However, we have recently shown
that perfectly adequate $\eta$ values can be obtained with
surprisingly short runs, and we have reported results for liquid
aluminium and liquid Fe/S (Alf\`e and Gillan, 1998b).
In the left panel of Fig. 10 we display the the average of the five
independent components of the traceless SACF divided by its value at
$t=0$ which we denote by $\phi(t)$. Since the traceless part of the
stress tensor has zero average, $\phi(t)$ goes to zero as $t
\rightarrow \infty$. The statistical error on $\phi(t)$ for all
values of $t$ is $\approx 5\%$ of the value at $t=0$, and after $
0.2-0.3$ ps the magnitude of $\phi(t)$ falls below that error. In the
right panel of Fig. 10 we display the integral $\int_0^t dt'\phi(t')$
of $\phi(t)$ as a function of time. The limiting value of the integral
for $t\rightarrow \infty$ is the shear viscosity. The error that one
makes in evaluating that integral grows with time, since one
integrates the noise together with $\phi(t)$. We estimated the error
in the integral as a function of time using the scatter of the
SACF's. Combining this estimate with an analytic expression for the
error, we obtain the error estimate displayed in Fig. 10. From the
point where $\phi(t)$ falls below the noise one integrates only the
latter, so one gains nothing by evaluating the integral beyond that
point. If we assume that $\phi(t)$ is zero above $t\approx 0.3$ ps,
we obtain the | 1,918 |
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Current TV taps AKQA for media buying
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As I finished watching the last of the presidential debates, I thought a lot about the challenges facing…
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Al Gore's documentary network Current TV has selected digital-marketing agency AKQA for its online media buying and planning services.
The new campaign will be a digital-focused endeavor that aims to give the user-generated television station and Web site more exposure.
"The plan is for an awareness-based campaign at the end of the year," said Scott Symonds, AKQA's executive media director. "Current is all about users making and engaging in the content and providing a distribution channel, with a very Web 2.0 sensibility. So we intend to try to spread the word on digital channels like MySpace, Digg, Flickr, Bit Torrent and maybe even Lime Wire. There are the sites where their audience is."
The agency's first push focused on the annual Bonaroo Music Festival in Manchester, Tennessee, to increase awareness of Current TV's premium content.
The campaign targeted an 18-to-34-year-old audience that is affluent and educated.
The initial campaign in June ran across music sites such as All Music, JamBase, MySpace Music and Pitchfork.
Subsequent pushes will be made to attract both national and international users as Current TV has signed deals with both Virgin Media and BSkyB.
Dr. Pepper Makes Social Engagement Pop
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Natasha Smith
Electioneering Via the Internet | 292 |
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The AAP encourages chapter development of pediatric councils as forums to discuss pediatric issues with payers. Pediatric councils have the potential to facilitate better working relationships between pediatricians and health insurance plans and to improve quality of care for children. Ideally, changes may lead to more appropriate coverage for pediatric services, as well as smoothly and efficiently run pediatric practices and health plan claims adjudication. A pediatric council is not a forum for joint contract negotiation, individual contract discussion or other fee-related concerns<|fim_middle|> these councils facilitate communication and lay the groundwork for successful problem solving with individual payers. | .
Below are several resources to assist chapters in developing and maintaining pediatric councils.
Chapter Pediatric Councils meet regularly with health plans to discuss access, quality and coverage issues impacted by health plan coverage and administration policies.
Pediatric councils serve as a forum for pediatricians to discuss with payers concerns about covered services, plan policies and administrative procedures, which impact access, quality, efficiency of treatment and payment. Chapters have reported that | 83 |
Purdue names ECE Prof. Mark Lundstrom acting dean for College of Engineering - Electrical and Computer Engineering - Purdue University
Purdue names ECE Prof. Mark Lundstrom acting dean for College of Engineering
Purdue University Provost Jay Akridge has announced the appointment of Mark Lundstrom as acting dean of the College of Engineering. Lundstrom will serve in the position while Dean Mung Chiang serves a one-year appointment with the U.S. Department of State.
Mark Lundstrom, Don and Carol Scifres Distinguished Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Lundstrom is the Don and Carol Scifres Distinguished Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering and a member of the National Academy of Engineering. He studies the physics of electronic devices, especially nanoscale transistors and novel devices for computing, communication, and energy conversion and storage. His team's work has led to a widely used simple, conceptual model for nanoscale field-effect transistors and a deep understanding of electrical, thermal and electro-thermal transport from the nanoscale to the macroscale. He is the author of four books and more than 500 scientific publications. He is a life fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers and a fellow of the American Physical Society and the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
"Mark Lundstrom has been a member of the Purdue Engineering faculty since finishing his Ph.D. here in 1980," Akridge said. "He is an extraordinary researcher, educator and leader, and will continue to move the college forward while Dean Chiang serves our country with the Department of State. I know that all of those associated with the College of Engineering will continue with their tireless efforts to change the world under Mark's leadership."
Lundstrom was founding director of the NSF-funded Network for Computational Nanotechnology (NCN), a multi-university initiative with a mission to accelerate the evolution of nanoscience to nanotechnology by connecting those who develop simulations to those who use them to analyze experiments and design devices. As director of NCN, he spearheaded the creation of nanoHUB.org, which has become a global resource for nanotechnology now serving more than <|fim_middle|>'s A. A. Potter Best of Engineering Teachers Award and Purdue's Morrill Award, the university's highest honor for faculty who exemplify the spirit of a land-grant university.
During his one-year leave, Chiang will serve the Department of State as the director of the Office of the Science and Technology Adviser to the Secretary of State (STAS), which was created in 2000 in response to a study by the National Academy of Sciences. Part of this office's focus is on the impact of emerging science, technology and innovation issues on foreign policy and national security, including interactions with technology companies in key global supply chains. As the principal scientist in the State Department, Chiang will be the sixth holder of the office and the first engineer.
Source: Purdue names Mark Lundstrom acting dean for College of Engineering | 1.5 million users per year. Lundstrom also has been a major contributor to nanoHUB himself. More than a half million individuals have viewed his seminars, tutorials and courses on nanoHUB.org.
Lundstrom recently co-chaired the Ideas Festival programming for the university's 150 Years of Giant Leaps celebration and currently has a leadership role in new online and on-campus master's degree programs in the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering. Earlier in his career, from 1991-94, Lundstrom served as assistant dean in the College of Engineering. His contributions to research, education and outreach have been recognized by major awards from the IEEE, the Semiconductor Industry Association, the Semiconductor Research Corporation and the American Association for Engineering Education. He is the recipient of the College of Engineering | 164 |
Posted byeditor April 6, 2019 November 18, 2019 Posted inMarketing and promotion, Our Kids
Now more than ever, kids need camp
by Glen Herbert for Our Kids
Up until the mid-1960s<|fim_middle|>Leadership programs, as the one at Quebec's Camp Nominingue, can offer some of most transformative and important experiences in a young person's life. [Read more]
Reimagining girls' education
The Linden School's ongoing impact on how we think about how girls learn. [Read more]
First slide details.Current Slide Third slide details.
What does it mean to be a global learner? | , a typical day at Camp Wanakita began as it always had: with a compulsory, camp-wide skinny dip. The camp was still all-boys, and modesty clearly wasn't at a premium: the campers needed to be clean and, without showers, it was the lake or nothing. That wasn't specific to Wanakita, of course. At Wapomeo, an all-girls camp, the dock was outfitted with curtains to shield the girls from passing boat traffic.
In some ways, to be sure, camp isn't like it used to be. While much of the programming of the early days would be familiar to campers today—canoeing, woods lore (ecology), singing, theatre, tennis, archery, arts and crafts—other activities wouldn't be: boxing, folk dancing, poetry composition, and riflery. As the needs of parents and campers changed, so did camp, often in keeping with the times.
Still, one thing that has remained, and that's what camping is all about. Eugene Kates, past director of Camp Arowhon once said that "it's important to let people learn the feeling of doing something well. Kids bloom if you can get them hooked on striving for excellence. And that's what I think camp should do."
Camp, from the very earliest days, was about challenge, growth, and identity. "At camp I figured out who I was," says Jocelyn Palm, longtime director of Camp Glen Bernard. "To me, that's it. You learn to be independent. I believe children learn to make decisions by making decisions, we just need to let them try. I feel strongly that we have to help young people acquire values that will help get them through life. And camp does that."
I believe children learn to make decisions by making decisions—we just need to let them try.
—Jocelyn Palm
Certainly, if there is a consistent commitment to what camp has been throughout its history, that's it. What kids need—to find out who they are, to gain independence in a safe and supportive environment, to learn how to make good decisions and forge positive relationships, to acquire the values that will help them in life—well, that hasn't changed either.
Establishing the tradition
The traditions we associate with residential summer camp—the values, the activities, the aesthetics—are in many respects due to the work of one man. If there is a patient zero of the camp experience that is common across Canada today, it's Taylor Satten. Returning home from the Boer War, Statten joined the YMCA in 1902 and soon became the national Boy's Work Secretary, a position that included the directorship of Camp Couchiching in Orillia, ON. There he branded himself "Chief," took the Ojibwa name Gitchi-Ahmek, and added First Nations lore and woodcraft to the programming. He also established the Canadian Standards Efficiency Training program, a series of graded activity levels intended to give children the opportunity and incentive to develop intellectual, social, physical, and religious skills.
Of course there were other youth programs at the time, and some of them, such the scouting movement, were wildly popular. When Lord Baden-Powell published his book Scouting for Boys it became an international sensation. Adventure, resourcefulness, friendship—the values of scouting were clear, and the concept behind it appealed to parents' desire for structure, consistency and their hope for their children to find a constructive place within society.
What made Statten's programs unique was the focus that he brought to them. In place of the regimented, sum-is-better-than-its-parts approach of scouting and cadets, Statten built programs around the individual, seeking to develop each child's potential and to celebrate their individual strengths. Camping in Statten's hands was about expression, independence, and an appreciation of the diversity inherent in any group. Adventure and resourcefulness were important, but so was imagination, identity, and a close appreciation the natural environment.
In 1916, Statten put his ideas into practice by founding Camp Ahmek, a camp for boys set within the boundaries of Algonquin park. The centerpiece of the camp, then as now, was the stone fireplace in the main hall, one that Tom Thomson helped build, hauling the sand for the mortar that would bind the stones. Pierre Trudeau would sit before that fireplace as a camper, as did all three of his sons both as campers or staff. Justin Trudeau, in speaking of camp, described his experience while giving what is, effectively, a precis of Statten's initial vision: "[camp] had an immeasurable impact on my family and me. For my father, my brothers and I, being campers and counsellors at Ahmek taught us much about nature, about responsibility, and most importantly, about ourselves."
Wapomeo, a sister camp to Ahmek, followed in 1924 and, taken together, the two camps provided a model for many, many camps to come that in turn reflected the organization and the values that Ahmek and Wapomeo had demonstrated.
For my father, my brothers and I, being campers and counsellors at Ahmek taught us much about nature, about responsibility, and most importantly, about ourselves.
Looking out, looking in
By the 1950s, summer camp had become an icon of Canadiana, something that has remained true to this day. When Michael Budman went to Camp Tamakwa as a camper, he discovered a culture and an aesthetic that would later become central to the Roots Canada brand, a company he co-founded. When Roots ultimately outfitted the Canadian Olympic teams from 1998 to 2004, there was a little bit of summer camp in the image that Canada, as a country, was projecting to the world.
Certainly it wasn't just the look that impressed Budman, or indeed anyone who encountered summer camp, but also the values that were represented there: confidence, communication, leadership development, environmental stewardship, and self expression. "The keys to becoming a good citizen are knowledge, caring, and action," says Jocelyn Palm. "These are important requirements in the wise use of the environment and also carry over into everyday life. Campers learn to share, how to appreciate all types of personalities and cultures, and how to function as a member of the camp community." When asked why she chose to install composting toilets at Glen Bernard, Palm responded, "if I'm not prepared to be a role model and show kids the technologies that are going to make our environment sustainable, who's going to do it?"
Since even the very earliest days, functioning as a member of the camp community was promoted as something akin to functioning as a citizen of the wider world. Glen Bernard Camp director Margaret Edgar held weekly talks, and in one in 1928—this was a typical weekly address, not something out of the ordinary—she told the campers that "We are debtors to all the world. From all corners of the earth the gifts of the peoples of other lands are brought to us. We live in a world where the vast distances are bridged by commerce and transportation, by cables and radios."
"For Edgar," writes Jessica Dunkin, "camp was a place where girls learned to live in a community with those who were different, an invaluable skill in what [Edgar] saw as an increasingly globalized world." Again, this from the 1920s—when it comes to thinking locally and acting globally, camps have long been at the leading edge, often providing leadership to those outside the camp community.
Building programs
While some camps continued to hone a very traditional experience, others built out programming in order to further reflect what some parents and campers were looking for. Themed programs, enhanced facilities, and new ideas came to the fore. Arts, in particular, became a prominent focus, and programs including copper enameling and pottery took their place alongside woodworking and music. Dora Mavor Moore was a drama instructor at Tanamakoon in the 1930s, inspiring a drama program that has lasted the intervening decades. She also designed the theatre that is still used there today. Likewise, Arowhon's theatre program was begun by actor Lorne Greene when he was a staff member there.
While theatre programs existed at some camps, larger scale and section-wide productions became more common in the 1970s, something that is reflected in the musicals—such as "Free to Be You and Me," "You're a Good Man Charlie Brown" and "Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat"—that remain mainstays at camps across Canada today. Over the years, it's the camp environment that has traditionally given children a chance to take risks and perform in front of an audience. Gilda Radner, Chevy Chase, Sam Raimi and Mike Binder all got their starts at camp. (Many camps have starred in movies, too. Meatballs was filmed at Camp White Pine, Indian Summer at Tamakwa, and Disney's Camp Rock, starring Joe Jonas and Demi Lovato was filmed at Camp Wanakita.)
Enhancing leadership
Into the 1970 and 80s, formal leadership programs were introduced, including two-year student counsellor, or counsellor in training (CIT) programs. These not only served the campers by placing a clear focus on leadership, they also served to augment the staff training already in place. As now, when counsellors begin working with cabins, they've effectively had months of training rather than weeks, and they have spent two years looking forward to the responsibilities of leadership.
In time, many camps that had been just for boys became co-ed. In 1969, Camp Wanakita took the idea of bringing camp to a larger audience one step further by inaugurating family camping, adding a week-long session at the end of the summer to allow families to enjoy the camp environment together. The idea had immediate appeal and was fully booked well in advance. Today, the concept is common, with some camps offering family sessions throughout the summer in addition to the traditional residential camp programs.
It was a different, to be sure, but nevertheless is emblematic of something camp had always intended to provide: an important, meaningful experience that you can't get anywhere else. David Stringer is son of Omer Stringer, the legendary canoeist and outdoorsman, and a director of Camp Tamakwa, the camp his father helped found. There he continues the tradition that his father, and others, put in place all those years ago. "If he could see this third generation of kids tipped over on the side of their canoe, paddling, he'd be thrilled." David is too, because, like his father, he knows that through camp he's able to make difference in the lives of children. It's less about specific skills than it is the sense of mastery. It's about the confidence that comes with being alone, in a canoe on a lake, deciding where you're going to go. And then going there.
Previous Slide◀Next Slide▶
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In response to a study out of Duke University that shows pre-kindergarten helps children succeed at least through eighth grade, a group of North Carolina CEOs has pulled together a series of recommendations to give that advantage to more students.
As a parent, SAS CEO Jim Goodnight knows the importance of early reading for his children. As a business owner, he sees how it can lead to a more skilled workforce and less poverty.
Studies confirm that teaching children to read at an early age sets them up for greater success in elementary school.
Across North Carolina, about 30,000 children participate in the NC Pre-K program, which focuses specifically on educating at-risk 4-year-olds.
Teachers in the program have to be certified in early reading, a criteria that, Goodnight says, has been recognized across the country for success.
"They have to go through a test to verify that they know how to teach reading to young children, and that is what makes our program the best in the country," Goodnight says.
Goodnight cites a new report from the National Institute for Early Education Research, or NIEER, which says about 33,000 more children are eligible for NC Pre-K, but lack access.
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The CEOs group has already seen progress.
Two years ago, they saw the state legislature create an additional 3,500 slots for children to get into NC Pre-K.
"One of our goals is to push the legislature and the governor to make sure we keep expanding," Goodnight says.
He is passionate about Pre-K as a path out of poverty. | it's extremely important we help kids from lower income families get started right in kindergarten," | 17 |
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More on Libya and the U.S.
The Post-American World? Not Yet.
Cake! And Eat it Too!
Posted by Kindred Winecoff at 7:23 AM .
An analyst report has renewed speculation among some investors that the British bank Barclays might leave London for New York.
Executives of large British banks, including HSBC, Standard Chartered and Barclays, had been threatening to move their headquarters abroad ever since a government-appointed banking commission here hinted it would consider splitting investment and retail banking to make Britain's financial sector more stable.
The warnings were widely seen as a tactic by the banks to scare the government into abandoning plans for stricter financial regulation.
This is interesting on a number of levels. First of all, the report is by UBS -- not Barclays, who's CEO Bob Diamond has recently said that he is committed to keeping Barclays headquartered in the U.K. UBS is based in Switzerland, but it has major operations internationally (including the U.K.), so perhaps this report really says more about UBS's preferences than Barclays'. What do I mean by that? If the U.K. tightens up its regulations, all firms that operate in that country will have to comply, whether they are based there or not. The effectively functions as a barrier to entry for new firms, since better-established firms will have an easier time complying with stricter regulations. The net effect of this is that firms with a large market share -- like Barclays -- will be in a better competitive position relative to emerging challengers -- like UBS. This is pure speculation on my part, but remember that regulation is about competition first and foremost, and that means that regulatory structures are political creations.
Another interesting aspect is that the U.S. is not necessarily a laxer regulator than the U.K. Prior to the crisis it definitely was not: the U.S. required higher capital ratios to be considered "well-capitalized" than the U.K., which operated under a "light touch" regime. Additionally, the U.S. has already placed some limits on the extent to which commercial banks can engage in investment banking activities under the so-called "Volcker rule". To this point, neither the U.K. nor most continental European countries have similar restrictions. The U.S. has also conducted much more rigorous "stress tests" of systemically-important financial institutions than their European counterparts, and the U.S. (with the U.K.) pushed for stronger capital, liquidity, and leverage requirements in the new Basel accord revision. In other words, relocating to the U.S. isn't necessarily beneficial from the perspective of trying to evade regulations.
But this type of talk also speaks to a process that is not very well understood by political scientists: when and why some national governments regulate their financial systems more strictly than international regulations require, since that would seemingly put their firms at a competitive disadvantage vis-a-vis foreign competitors in internationalized markets. I presented some preliminary research on this question at ISA a few weeks ago. While I've still got quite a bit of work to do on the question, my tentative conclusion is that most official regulations are well below the levels of prudence that markets demand, and function primarily as a way to prevent free-riding behavior by opportunistic firms. Given that, some governments can signal credibility to markets by having stricter rules than the international minima. This can, in turn, benefit firms by reducing their cost of finance. I'll probably post a working version of that paper online pretty soon, but until then interested parties can read some similar work by Thomas Bernauer and Vally Koubi here.
Anyway, I don't think there's a snowball's chance in hell that Barclays is moving to the U.S. But then I don't think that's really the point.
ht: Felix Salmon, who somewhat surprisingly doesn't dwell long on the point.
P.S. Here's your FOTD, from the same Dealbook piece: "Barclays' gross balance sheet is 100 percent of Britain's gross domestic product."
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Posted by Kindred Winecoff at 9:27 AM .
The first country which can, with no shame, credibly threaten to leave the eurozone or outright default can blackmail Brussels and Berlin into further aid, due to fear of contagion effects. Some are arguing that Portugal is already assuming that strategic stance.
Let's try to tease this out a little bit. One of the first rules of bargaining theory is that the side with the best outside options has quite a lot of negotiating leverage. Eric Voeten has looked at this dynamic in the context of international institutions, where there is an asymmetric power distribution among the members. Specifically, he looked at the UNSC and found that the presence of strong outside options makes multilateral agreements more likely, so long as there is some incentive not to exercise them. But, and this is key, Voeten argues that "the first condition for multilateral action is the [most powerful state] be willing to act alone or with close allies" (p. 856). In other words, thinking only about how the PIGS have leverage over Berlin is probably not the best way to go about it.
Which most needs a Euro that includes Ireland, Greece, and Portugal: those countries, or Germany? Well, departure from the Euro (and ensuing debt restructuring/default) will massively impair those countries' abilities to engage international credit markets for a long while to come. Michael Tomz has written about the reputational effects of debt defaults, and it's not pretty. Defaults not only adversely affect countries access to foreign credit in the short-run, thus making austerity inevitable, but these effects persist. In other words, possible EMU defaulters have two choices: austerity with devaluation (which reduces real wealth but boosts competitiveness) but no external finance, or austerity without devaluation but with external finance (in the form of ECB/EFSF plus continued access to bond markets in at least some form). The question is which benefit is greater: access to foreign finance that can help smooth out the pain from austerity, or the shock treatment of devaluation. So far the answer appears to be the former.
What about Germany? Now that it's in a currency union it's better to keep it. The EMU is very good for German exporters. If the union splits, and peripheral European economies devalue, Germany's exports become much more expensive for those economies. Additionally, if some of the weaker members left the Euro the currency's value would likely increase against other international currencies. That, too, would bad for German exports. So Germany has incentives for keeping the EMU intact, and thus fulfills one of Voeten's criteria. On the other hand, Germany would do fine under a narrower Eurozone. The value of EMU membership that accrues to Germany is significant, but limited. There is a price tag that is simply too high for it to pay. That should give Germany quite a lot of leverage in Voeten's framework.
This is where Cowen's mention of contagion could come in. I'm not sure what he means by that; it could be Asia1997-style currency contagion across the PIGS, or it could be the fact that German (and French) banks are heavily exposed to PIGS' debt, so a sovereign default could have large knock-on effects for the financial systems at the core of the Eurozone. From Germany's perspective, the latter is much more salient. It increases the costs associated with a break-up in the EMU, and thus provides incentives to keep the union intact. But these costs, too, are not infinite. At some point it might be easier to bail out the financial sector than to bail out Europe's periphery, especially if domestic polities in the PIGs revolt against austerity or demand better terms from the EFSF.
So Cowen's right: the PIGS have some blackmail room, but only until the German and French banking sectors recapitalize. Meanwhile, Berlin has the nuclear option. If it comes to blows, Germany will end up in far better shape than the PIGS. So given what we know about the ways that powerful states use international institutions to help them achieve their goals, the most likely outcome seems to be either that the PIGS pay up, or that there is an intermediate period where the ECB/EFSF provides some funding to the periphery basically as a stalling tactic, buying time for the banks, and then pulls out the rug. The former seems to describe Ireland, the latter may end up being the story of Greece and Portugal.
Things are different for a country that shares a currency with other countries. Ireland can raise employment by cutting wages of Irish workers relative to German workers. But America, with its floating dollar, gains nothing — nothing at all — from overall wage cuts. All we get is a magnified real debt burden.
If that's the case, then why worry about China's currency peg, as he has done for years now? Either their peg helps boost American employment (at the zero lower bound), or it's of no concern for employment. Or Krugman is wrong.
Posted by Kindred Winecoff at 11:23 AM .
Phil Arena adds to my recent posts on Libya, social science, and (non) American decline. All of his points are great. Better than mine. The key takeaway is that it's really important to think about political motivations, not just optics. And when you do that, it's pretty clear that the political story is much more interesting than "U.S. in decline" or "France is taking control" or whatever other narrative you're seeing.
Posted by Kindred Winecoff at 8:07 AM .
Handy tip--keep track of the number of sorties (each individual plane flying a mission related to the campaign--bombers, fighters, early warning, coordinators, refuelers). As long as the number is near or over 100, the concept of the Americans turning the mission over to the Europeans is much more symbolic than not.
Some commentators love the Libya war; others hate it. But most agree that it's profoundly unnatural that we were pushed into it by… France. Welcome to the post-American world.
Oh, my. An inauspicious beginning. Does it get any better?
America's fiscal condition is terrifying and the Pentagon is fighting wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, trying to stay out of one with Iran, and keeping one eye on a rising China. I don't know what it took to convince an obviously reluctant Robert Gates to permit American involvement in the Libyan no-fly zone, but it's a reasonable bet that had Barack Obama not been able to promise that it would be a mostly European affair, Gates would now be a military analyst on Fox News.
Not so far. Dare I peek ahead?
So Obama is trying to do it on the sly, to reduce the costs of American foreign policy without reining in our ambition. In Afghanistan, he's moving inexorably toward greater reliance on drones—just as Nixon turned to air power in the latter stages of Vietnam—because it's cheaper in blood and treasure. And he's trying to burden-share, just as Nixon tried to get regional allies like South Vietnam and the shah's Iran to do more of the work of containing the USSR. The Libya operation is a good example of this. The White House's humanitarian hawks don't want a Srebrenica on their watch, but they know they need other countries to bear more of the load. Enter Nicolas Sarkozy.
Wait a second. Did using air power in Vietnam signal the "post-American world"? How about getting regional allies to help contain the USSR (whatever that means)? It seems like Beinart is abandoning his argument several paragraphs after he's made it.
What to make of this. Let's do some mental exercises to consider the plausible explanations for the patterns of foreign intervention in Libya. One is what Beinart has suggested: the US is being bullied by France into intervention, and the US's role in international affairs is now effectively over. That's one possibility. Another possibility is that Obama -- motivated perhaps by his advisors Samantha Power, Susan Rice, and Hillary Clinton, all of whom learned a lot from Bosnia/Kosovo and Rwanda -- wants to avoid another Srebrenica but isn't sure he has the domestic support for more interventions (although non-Rasmussan polls show more support for intervention), especially in the recalcitrant Congress. He also doesn't want to jeopardize the improved view of the U.S. (and himself personally) around the world, where citizens now approve of U.S.'s policy more than all other major powers.
How might he achieve that goal? Well, to appease domestic audiences he could push for other countries to share more of the costs of intervention, as well as let them make the loudest noises in favor of intervention. Enter Sarkozy. To get those countries to share more of the costs, he can give them some symbolic<|fim_middle|>."
More at the link. I do find it somewhat unnerving that China's press thinks "The West Wing" was real. Maybe something was lost in translation. Anyway, I think this represents a good opportunity for American diplomacy. We should make Charlie Sheen a roving ambassador, sent into whatever country we're having trouble with in order to bewilder them into acquiescence. Imagine how Gaddafi would react if he was told a warlock with tigerblood was coming to Tripoli? (And with a his own army of female attendants) Or what if we told him that the youth of Libya actually were on drugs... the drug called "Charlie Sheen" that is so powerful that if normal humans try it once they die. Gaddafi would definitely cede power and leave the country, pronto.
Or imagine how the Taliban would respond if they heard a "total bitchin' rock star from Mars" was the new American secret weapon against terror? They'd quake in their boots. The Taliban can't even handle Earth music... Mars rock and roll would make their heads literally explode.
Just imagine the possibilities. We could get the globe cleaned up in no time. Boom. Winning.
Posted by Kindred Winecoff at 2:39 PM .
I hope with this blog to contribute to better understanding of the conflicts and ultimately to contribute to a future of truly win-win globalization for all players. In particular, I'll be watching the strategic trade and industrial policies of Asia and Europe and at how they interact with the more laissez-faire American approach in determining the shape of the future.
My approach will be somewhat contrarian. I am firmly convinced that globalization is not always a win-win proposition, that countries do compete economically, and that there are winners and losers in this competition. So I'll be keeping score. But most importantly, I'll be trying to take my readers beyond the knee jerk orthodoxies and mythologies of globalization to show them what is really happening. I look forward to receiving, learning from, and responding to lots of criticism.
But quick, let me ask you where these iconic Apple products really are made.
That raises more interesting questions. The other Asian countries [that make part of the iPhone] -- particularly Japan, but also Korea and Taiwan -- do not have low labor costs. Indeed, Japan and Korea are members of the Organization for Economic Development (OECD), the long time rich nations club. Furthermore, the parts they supply for the iPhone -- semiconductor chips, displays, lenses, etc. are not labor intensive. They are capital and, above all, technology intensive. Exactly the kind of products in which the United States is supposed to be the leader. So if America actually did produce the stuff it says it is good at producing, it wouldn't have a trade deficit with Asia for which China is the proxy at all. It would have a trade surplus and 20-40,000 more jobs than it has.
Why then, doesn't America make the stuff it says it ought to be good at making?
Har. Previous entries -- which I've dubbed "When Flemings and Walloons Collide" -- here.
Graeme Robertson, assistant professor in the political science department, explaining how protests succeed and fail on NPR's "The Takeaway".
UPDATE: The audio embed doesn't show up in some RSS feeds, so either click through to IPE@UNC or go to The Takeaway's site here.
Nothing like complaining against allegations of anti-Semitism by blaming it on a Jewish conspiracy. Oh, and then asking the reporter to whom you made the accusation to "forget the Jewish thing". Stay classy, Julian Assange.
UPDATE: Henry Farrell points out in comments that the source for this is Ian Hislop, editor of Private Eye. Hislop isn't exactly known as an exemplar of fairness and objectivity, so perhaps take the allegation with a grain or twelve of salt. Hislop has been sued for libel and lost many times; Wikipedia says the most in English history. Of course at this point Assange has credibility issues of his own. So caveat emptor, no matter which side you choose to believe.
Posted by Kindred Winecoff at 1:16 PM .
If you cut the pay of an overpaid worker, he'll generally scream bloody murder. After all, overpaid workers like to stay overpaid. But if you cut the pay of a non-overpaid worker, you haven't really damaged him. He just quietly leaves and gets a job elsewhere. After all, the ability to find a comparable job elsewhere is pretty much the definition of not being overpaid.
Now how are the Wisconsin public workers reacting to projected pay and/or benefit cuts? As if the rug's been pulled out from under them, that's how. Every time a worker says "These cuts will cause me severe pain", that worker is saying, in effect, "I can't get anyone else to pay me at the level I'm accustomed to", or, in briefer words, "I am overpaid!".
In normal economic circumstances (perfectly competitive and efficient labor markets) that might be the case. Other explanations -- some brought up by comments to his post -- emphasize that these are not normal circumstances. For one thing, the unemployment rate is near 10% despite a collapsing labor/population ratio, indicating that labor markets are neither perfectly competitive nor efficient at the moment. For another, to the extent that public education resembles a public good, it might be under-provided by the private sector relative to some social ideal, in which case public sector educators should be paid more than they would be in the private sector. So even if you accept Landsburg's premises there is plenty of econologic explaining why public sector workers are not overpaid, or at least why protests of wage and benefit cuts wouldn't necessarily be an indication that they are.
But Landsburg's premises are all wrong. The unions have agreed to wage and benefit cuts, and substantial ones. That's not what the protests are about. The protests are about legally restricting workers' rights to collectively bargain, in perpetuity. That has nothing to do with whether the workers are overpaid or underpaid. It's about a pretty basic principle concerning whether workers will be price-takers in a monopolistic system where the price is set by the state of Wisconsin, or whether they retain some bargaining power in future negotiations. . In my previous post I questioned whether the principle was really worth this sort of brinksmanship. I guess we'll find out soon enough. But to suggest that there is nothing more to the Wisconsin protests than rents being taken away is disingenuous. | concessions -- like letting a Canadian head up the NATO command -- despite the fact that operations have been coordinated at US/NATO bases in Germany and Naples, Italy. To keep international approval high, he could push for UN and Arab League support for intervention rather than building an ad hoc coalition. To appease Congress he can frame this as a UN operation, rather than a US operation, and can point to the fact that no US troops will be in harm's way and the costs will be shared.
In other words, Obama can try to satisfy multiple audiences by working through the UN, NATO, and other allies. Does that mean the US's influence is waning? Maybe. But consider that the transition of operations to NATO is a victory for Obama. In the early days of the conflict, the U.S. flew the majority of sorties ("well more than half"). I read somewhere (but can't find the link now) that of the first 124 Tomahawk missiles fired by coalition forces, 122 of them came from the U.S. The other two were British. The French moved their aircraft carrier off the coast of Libya three days ago; the U.S. has had a carrier there since February. (The U.K. doesn't have any carriers to mobilize, although this is probably a rational choice.) The U.S., not NATO, is still conducting the airstrikes that protect civilians; NATO is just enforcing the no-fly zone, which is perhaps less difficult.
But there's no way to say that this represents the end of US influence. Instead, it's important to look at the political dynamics: Obama's domestic constraints, his desire to appease foreign as well as domestic audiences, and his wish to shift the costs of intervention onto others. It's a pretty clever play by Obama.
Before France, Britain, and the United States stumbled into its current attempt to dislodge Muammar al-Qaddafi from power in Libya -- and let's not kid ourselves, that's what they are trying to do -- did anyone bother to ask what recent social science tells us about the likely results of our intervention?
I doubt it, because recent research suggests that we are likely to be disappointed by the outcome.
We should all hope that Libya proves to be an exception to this tendency, but these various scholarly studies suggest that the probability that our intervention will yield a stable democracy is low, and that our decision to intervene has increased the likelihood of civil war. Heading off that possibility is likely to require a costly and extended international commitment, which is precisely what the people who launched this operation promised they would not do. We'll see.
As Walt says, those hoping for the UN/NATO intervention to provide a clear path to democracy are likely to be disappointed. The Downs/Bueno de Mesquita (2006) paper (ungated) that Walt mentions is a classic study. But that is not a stated goal of either NATO or the UN. Sarkozy, Cameron, and Obama may like to see a democracy in Libya, and they'll certainly pay some lip service to democracy over the coming months, but the primary goal is to stop the killing of civilians and the secondary goal is the removal of Gaddafi. This is evidenced by the fact that the intervention only occurred after Gaddafi started killing civilians. So while the installation of a liberal, secular democracy might be the ideal outcome, the coalition leaders may be willing to accept something less than that.
I haven't carefully read the study by Downes that Walt mentions, but it seems to not quite say what Walt thinks it says. It's an analysis of "foreign-imposed regime change (FIRC)" that concludes that the likelihood of civil war onset increases following FIRC. But in Libya there is already a civil war underway, so if Gaddafi falls, it really can't be considered a "foreign-imposed" overthrow in the sense Downes appears to be describing. Indeed, the intervention is a response to the civil conflict that is already underway, and appears to be largely intended to tip the scales in favor of the rebels.
So what we should be doing is asking what the literature has to say about interventions into civil wars. I'm not super-up on this literature, but Andrew Kydd wrote a survey of it in the most recent Annual Review of Political Science. (Sorry, I don't see an ungated version.) He draws a distinction in the academic literature between conflict prevention and conflict resolution, and says that third parties can affect civil conflicts through material incentives (including military intervention) and information provision. At this point I think we can agree that we're past the "prevention" possibility, and the UN/NATO intervention is probably more about material support than information revelation, so let's hone in on those corners of the literature.
The first thing that intervention can do is dramatically change the costs of fighting. If this cost-increase is large enough that it will off-set any benefits from continuing to fight (Kydd says this "expand(s) the bargaining space", sorry SBD), then conflict resolution may become more likely. Centinyan (2002) finds that the threat of intervention does not affect the probability of conflict, only the terms of the bargaining process. Favretto (2009) argues that the effect is nonmonotonic: highly-biased and unbiased third-party interveners can help the warring factions reach a settlement, while weakly-biased interveners exacerbate the situation. Regan (2002) finds that biased interventions shorten the length of conflict, by altering the costs associated with continuing to fight. Collier, Hoeffler, and Soderbom (2004) find that rebel-biased interventions shorten the duration of civil conflicts. Thyne (2009) finds that UN interventions likely do not lengthen the duration of conflict. Gent (2008) argues that interventions are not about the duration of conflict, but about the outcome of it, and finds that third-party interveners do effect these outcomes.
With the caveat that this is bit out of my realm of expertise, what does this literature sum to? Third-party interventions are often able to successfully shorten the duration of the civil conflict, and to alter the outcome of it. These effects are most pronounced when the interveners are biased in favor of one of the sides in the conflict. So to the extent that the UN/NATO intervention in Libya is interested in both shortening the conflict and advantaging the rebels seeking overthrow Gaddafi, there is reason to be optimistic that they'll be successful. To the extent that the UN/NATO interveners are primarily concerned with installing a democratic regime after the conflict is over, there is less cause for optimism.
In other words, Walt is only correct about his view of the likely outcomes if he's correct that the interveners are primarily concerned with promoting democracy, as opposed to other goals. But I'm not sure that's a reasonable assumption, especially coming from an unreconstructed realist, since normative concerns like democracy-promotion are assumed to be irrelevant for states' foreign policies.
*Of course, the preferences of the U.S., U.K., and France may not be same, and other NATO and UN members might have other interests as well. UNC's Stephen Gent has explored this relationship in his research. See here, e.g.
UPDATE: This post by Saideman, and this one by Carvin, say a lot of good stuff about politics of the UN/NATO mandate and command structure.
So, last week I traveled from Chapel Hill to Montreal. But I did not fly to Montreal. I flew to Burlington, VT and then took a Greyhound bus to Montreal. The total cost of the roundtrip, including all fares and taxes, was approximately $290. Why didn't I just fly into Montreal? Because it would've cost around $500-600, or 66-100% more, depending on the days/times we chose to fly. And why is that? Apparently, a big chunk of it is airport fees, traveler's taxes, security taxes, etc. Here is a list of some of them on the Canadian side, but the U.S. has its own "international arrivals" tax, among others. The long and short of it is that it was much cheaper for me to fly domestically and then drive -- even if I'd had to rent a car for a day -- than to simply fly.
Of course, that means that both Canada and the U.S. got zero of these extra taxes from me and my travel companions. We would have been willing to pay some extra to avoid the hassle of a 2-hour bus ride (although, in the end, it was a comfortable trip that allowed us to see some nice landscape that none of us had seen before), and the cost of the bus tickets ($23 per person each way). But by setting the fees so high that the cost of the trip effectively doubled, we were much better off by taking the Burlington-Montreal bus route. The three of us ended up saving nearly $1,000 in aggregate. We were on the wrong side of the Laffer curve: higher taxes drove us out of the market, and Canada and the U.S. got zero extra revenue from our trip.
Now this may not be true for the overall public. My impression from ISA is that most of those traveling from the U.S. flew straight in, and obviously those traveling from Europe or elsewhere did the same. Some of them didn't really care how much it cost, because someone else was paying for it. But many U.S. travelers would have taken the Burlington route if they'd known about it in advance. And if we know anything about arbitrage opportunities, it's that they don't tend to last very long: word gets around. Next time more people will likely choose that option. Of course, if too many people do this the governments may just put a tax on the Greyhounds, but considering that the purposes of the airport taxes -- extra security, airport improvements, etc. -- are airport-specific, such moves may not be politically appealing.
The upshot? If you travel to Montreal, fly into Burlington and take the bus. And if you set tax policy, take incentives into account.
I just wanted to pass along a few links memorializing George. Here is the original Daily Tarheel report of his death, and here is their obituary. An undergraduate student pays tribute here. John Sides and Eric Voeten paid their respects at The Monkey Cage here and here. Here are the Twitter results for "Rabinowitz". Lots of former students and colleagues have posted tributes there, as well as in comment threads and Facebook posts across the web. My previous post on George's passing is the most-visited in this blog's history, just one small testament to the impact he had on his students, the university, and the broader discipline.
Posted by Kindred Winecoff at 10:05 AM .
A very interesting, very detailed, network graph of citations, presented at ISA. Via Charli Carpenter, who presented some very interesting network research of her own. About which, and other ISA things, hopefully more later.
I TA'd for Prof. Rabinowitz last semester, and can testify to his dedication to rigor in his teaching. He had a similar discipline in his research. He is probably best known for developing the directional model of issue voting, which complicated traditional proximity voting models, but contributed many other notable works as well. He served on the editorial board of AJPS and JoP. Here is his CV. Here is his seminal APSR paper on directional theory, with Stuart Macdonald. Here is a Google search on directional theory, which gets 163,000 hits.
He is survived by his wife Stuart Macdonald, also a UNC political science professor, and several children.
I'm still in Montreal, and behind the curve, but I don't want this place to be completely dormant so I'm going to pick on Emmanuel once again. Here he says "the US trade representative is tasked with promoting trade liberalization first and foremost". That is not true, and a political economist should know better. The US trade rep is first and foremost tasked with promoting American business interests. There is no ex ante reason to believe that always or even usually involves liberalization. In this case, it means "we're not liberalizing any more until China agrees to play by the same rules as everyone else". Remember that when China joined the WTO in 2001 it was given all sorts of exceptions that allowed it to get access to developed markets for its exports, without having to allow equal access to its markets in exchange. Given large U.S. trade deficits and high unemployment, the USTR is saying "no mas": either there's some reciprocity, or no new deal.
Its strategy promises a surge in government spending on domestic security and social programs like medical insurance, but offers little in the way of legal, political or banking reform. One principal goal, the government has said, is to lessen economic dependence on factory exports and build up innovation and domestic consumption.
Mr. Wen described the war on inflation as the government's top priority. Figures released three days earlier showed that consumer prices rose 4.9 percent in February compared with the same month a year before, the latest in a series of indications that China's economy is beginning to overheat.
High Chinese inflation + nominal remnimbi appreciation = fairly significant real exchange rate appreciation.
Posted by Kindred Winecoff at 8:35 AM .
The IPE@UNC crew is headed to Montreal for the ISA annual meeting. I'm presenting Wed. morning at 10:30 and Fri. morning at 8:15. Sarah is presenting Wed. at 4. Anyway, we'll be there the whole week, so blogging may be light. And if you're at the conference, find us and say 'hi'.
1. In order for China's currency to become a significant international reserve currency, even at the level of the yen, its internal economy would have to go through wrenching reforms.
2. China's financial system cannot handle the international competition that would come from capital account liberalization.
3. China has no reason to want the RMB to be a reserve currency, at least as long as it thinks it can benefit from the export-led growth that comes from a low peg to the dollar.
Pettis also notes that everyone was saying the same things about the yen knocking off the dollar 20-30 years ago. And while the yen is an important international currency, it's just not in the same league as the dollar. Pettis is higher on the Euro (I'm not, at least not for another decade), but acknowledges that for that to happen the Euro will likely need to first kick some members out. Right now, dollar holdings are about 250% higher than Euro holdings despite the fact that the EU has a larger cumulative economy, and obviously the Euro has things to work out before full confidence is restored.
Pettis also explains why having the world's reserve currency isn't always good for the U.S., and can be very good for other countries, especially those that pursue growth via exports. Which then begs a question: if the U.S. is willing to provide a public good at its own expense, and other countries benefit from that, then why wouldn't the dollar persist as the pre-eminent global currency? A move away from the dollar would represent a redistribution to the U.S. from other countries relative to the status quo. It seems like those countries would be happy to take advantage of that situation as long as they are able. It's true that the U.S. is able to fund its debt cheaply because of the high demand for dollars, but that would be true even if it didn't issue the largest reserve currency. Other advanced industrialized countries pay the same rates, or in some cases less, on their bonds than the U.S. does, and they are able to borrow in their own currencies as well.
In other words, there isn't any particular reason to expect the international monetary system to change much, especially in the short run, most likely because of positive feedback loops. The dollar's status as reserve currency isn't primarily an indication of the U.S.'s current or future economic performance, it's an remnant of its past role at the center of Bretton Woods. And while the U.S. gets some privilege from issuing the reserve currency, it isn't all that exorbitant. The international monetary system benefits from having a universally convertible currency, no matter what it is. So the dollar is the reserve currency, and will remain the reserve currency, mostly because it has been the reserve currency.
If that's the case, then the dollar's role as the pre-eminent reserve currency is likely a stable equilibrium for some time to come.
Posted by Kindred Winecoff at 12:00 AM .
Consider that the United States is currently engaged in two major military operations and yet it has significant forces converging on the Libyan coast and on Japan. Puts John Quiggin's insistence that the US is now one of a number of major powers into perspective, but not necessary in a way that speaks well of current US budget priorities.
Aside from the that I'm not quite sure what the last clause means, this is exactly right. The US, half a world away from both Libya and Japan, is both closer and more able to intervene in both places than the other significant powers in Western/Southern Europe or Asia are to intervene in either. And is able to intervene in variable ways.
Clyde Prestowitz is again propagating nonsense about trade. Having been spectacularly wrong the first time, he returns for a second effort. This time he wants to explain why the US doesn't produce iphones. His explanation seems to miss the point of trade entirely, which is that the US consumes far more iphones (and for one whole lot less money) than it would if it did produce them at home. On the other hand, Prestowitz seems to think that the US doesn't have a production possibility frontier (PPF). This is the only reason I can think of for why he fails to consider what the US would stop producing in order that it might begin to produce iphones.
On the third hand, Prestowitz seems to miss entirely that what the US does (and it does it quite well, thank you) is invent iphones. And even given his silly economies of scale argument (the US doesn't produce iphones because of EU subsidies to Airbus?), he doesn't seem to understand where value lies. In the interest of clarity, let me repeat: the US INVENTS iphones. The iphone is a monopoloy. Monopolies generate rents. The US thus captures rents from inventing stuff that consumers are desperate to buy (the ipad sold 4.5 million units in its first 3 months). It maximizes those rents by making the actual products as cheaply as possible. Hence, it manufactures iphones in Asia. This division of labor makes the US rich (it is also a pretty good arrangement for highly populous and very poor Asian countries).
Prestowitz must be blogging on a legal pad because I don't know how else one could believe that the value of high tech products lies in their manufacture. If he really believes that the US would be wealthier if it let China invent stuff and we did the manufacturing why isn't he moving to China to make a fortune in manufacturing rather than staying here and inventing stupid arguments about trade? I don't think he believes this. But then he must want us to both invent iphones and manufacture them, which suggests that he thinks we don't face a PPF. Which is just silly.
As much as Clyde might refuse to admit it, the US, like any society, can't do everything. It has to choose. We have chosen higher value-added activities and thus allowed lower-value added manufacturing activities to migrate to Asia (where they have enriched Asians). On the aggregate, this seems to be the right choice for us and for Asia. I don't know why this is so difficult for people to accept.
1. Economists don't understand politics.
2. Economists don't understand economics.
The problem is that economists study how to maximize aggregate utility in a social environment in which that is literally no one's priority. There is some value in understanding the realm of the possible, but it needs to be tempered by context.
China does not know quite what to make of Charlie Sheen.
The Chinese Communist newspaper Global Times, is running an amazing op-ed by a person named Hao Leifeng listing all the ways in which Sheen is a "classic example of the difference in Western and Eastern values and norms. ... Is he too poor to set up his wives and mistresses in different houses?"
Also: "He ignored his own father's advice to keep quiet, who was once the president of the US. Sheen is a disgrace, unfilial to his father and his fatherland | 4,338 |
\section{Introduction}
The nature of dark matter (DM) is a frontier in the modern cosmology. There have been plenty of astronomical and cosmological evidences for DM, such as the galaxy rotation curve, virial velocities of galaxy clusters, gravitational lensing, bullet clusters, supernovae, cosmic microwave background, existence of galaxies in lifetime of the universe and existence of galaxies on scale of milky way.
The production mechanism of the dark matter is not known so far. It can be produced during inflation or subsequent cosmological evolutions. If the dark matter is produced during inflation, it is hopeful to use inflation as an avenue to probe the nature of the dark matter. There are multiple possible mechanisms. One of them is that gravitational production \cite{Ford:1986sy} during inflation. Relevant models include Planckian Interacting Dark Matter (PIDM) \cite{Garny:2015sjg,Garny:2017kha,Hashiba:2018iff,Haro:2018zdb,Hashiba:2018tbu}, WIMPZILLA \cite{Kolb:1998ki,Kolb:2007vd}, SUPERWIMP \cite{Feng:2010gw}, FIMP \cite{Hall:2009bx} and so on. They can be scalar \cite{Tang:2016vch,Ema:2016hlw}, vector, fermion or spin-2 particles \cite{Babichev:2016bxi} from different types of beyond standard model physics. Such dark matter candidates are usually hard to probe using collider experiments due to the large mass and small coupling (the gravitationally produced dark matter even do not have electroweak interactions with standard model particles).
It is thus interesting to study the dark matter properties, such as mass, width, spin, parity and couplings from cosmology, using the method of cosmological collider physics \cite{Chen:2009we,Baumann:2011nk,Noumi:2012vr,Arkani-Hamed:2015bza}, which has attracted much attention recently \cite{Chen:2009zp,Assassi:2012zq,Sefusatti:2012ye,Norena:2012yi,Emami:2013lma,Liu:2015tza,Dimastrogiovanni:2015pla,Schmidt:2015xka,Chen:2015lza,Bonga:2015urq,Delacretaz:2015edn,Flauger:2016idt,Lee:2016vti,Delacretaz:2016nhw,Meerburg:2016zdz,Chen:2016uwp,Chen:2016hrz,An:2017hlx,Tong:2017iat,Iyer:2017qzw,An:2017rwo,Kumar:2017ecc,Riquelme:2017bxt,Saito:2018omt,Cabass:2018roz,Dimastrogiovanni:2018uqy,Bordin:2018pca,Arkani-Hamed:2018kmz,Kumar:2018jxz,Goon:2018fyu,Wu:2018lmx,Chua:2018dqh,Wang:2018tbf,McAneny:2019epy,Li:2019ves,Kim:2019wjo,Sleight:2019mgd,Biagetti:2019bnp,Sleight:2019hfp,Welling:2019bib,Alexander:2019vtb,Lu:2019tjj,Hook:2019zxa,Hook:2019vcn,ScheihingHitschfeld:2019tzr,Baumann:2019oyu,Wang:2019gbi,Liu:2019fag,Wang:2019gok,Wang:2020uic}. From the frequency of the oscillation on the squeezed limit non-Gaussianity, one can directly obtain information about the mass of extra fields during inflation. We investigated the search for the dark matter mass in the context of cosmological collider physics in \cite{Li:2019ves}, targeting at the class known as superheavy dark matter (SHDM) \cite{Chung:1998is,Kuzmin:1998uv,Chung:1999ve,Kuzmin:1999zk,Chung:2001cb} with mass $m_{\sigma} \geq H$. Since the dark matter is produced gravitationally, the signal is subject to a suppression of power $(H/M_{\rm pl})$, which makes it hardly observable in the near future experiments.
In this paper, we would like to investigate scenarios with signals within the reach of the near future experiments on primordial non-Gaussianities, such as CMB-S4 \cite{Abazajian:2019eic}, Simons Observatory \cite{Ade:2018sbj}, DESI \cite{Aghamousa:2016zmz}, EUCLID \cite{Amendola:2016saw}, SPHEREx \cite{Dore:2014cca} and LSST \cite{Abell:2009aa}. The idea utilizes the curvaton scenario \cite{Enqvist:2001zp, Lyth:2001nq, Moroi:2001ct}, where more than one light field is present during inflation. The curvatons are subdominant in the energy density during inflation. In the subsequent evolutions, they are the main source of the primordial curvature perturbations. The dark matter field, on the other hand, is another type of field which has mass $m_{\sigma} \geq H$. As we will see, this scenario can give larger non-Gaussianities (NG's) on the primordial curvature perturbations. Such possibility of large NG from the curvaton scenario has also been studied in \cite{Kumar:2019ebj,Wang:2019gbi}. Another possibility to imprint the dark matter information through a light field is modulated production of dark matter, where the dark matter mass, and thus the production rate, is modulated by a light scalar. This is related to the mechanism of modulated reheating~\cite{Dvali:2003em, Kofman:2003nx}.
This paper is organized as follows: in Sec.~\ref{model}, we setup the model which consists of an inflaton, a massive scalar field and a light field. In Sec.~\ref{DMproduction}, we discuss the production of dark matter during inflation. In Sec.~\ref{iso}, we calculate the primordial three-point and four-point correlation functions of the light field. In Sec.~\ref{curvaton} and Sec.~\ref{spectator}, we discuss the post-inflationary evolutions of the light field and their observational constraints. More specifically, Sec.~\ref{curvaton} devotes to the case where the power spectrum is mostly generated by $\chi$. Sec.~\ref{spectator} devotes to the case where the power spectrum is mostly generated by the inflaton field. We give a brief summary in the end in Sec.~\ref{summary}.
\section{Model}\label{model}
We consider a cosmology model with an inflaton $\phi$, a heavy field $\sigma$ with mass $m_{\sigma}\gtrsim H_{\rm inf}$, and a light field $\chi$ with mass $m_\chi \ll m_\phi$ with an action
\begin{align}\nonumber
S = -\int d^{4} x \sqrt{-g}\bigg[ & \frac{1}{2}\left(\partial_{\mu} \phi\right)^{2}+\frac{1}{2} m_{\phi}^{2} \phi^{2}+\frac{1}{2}\left(\partial_{\mu} \sigma\right)^{2}+\frac{1}{2} m_{\sigma}^{2} \sigma^{2}+\frac{1}{2}\left(\partial_{\mu} \chi\right)^{2} +V(\chi) \bigg]+S_{\rm int}~.
\end{align}
Both the inflaton field $\phi$ and the curvaton $\chi$ are light and have rolling background. The heavy field $\sigma$ does not have a VEV. Also, the inflaton does not couple to either the heavy field $\sigma$ or the light field $\chi$ while all fields couples to gravity minimally for simplicity. We can decompose the light field $\chi$ into a time-dependent background and perturbations
as $\chi (t,\mathbf x) = \bar \chi(t) + \delta \chi (t, \mathbf x)$. We further assume that the background of light field varies slowly during inflation, such that it approximates to a constant during inflation $\bar \chi (t) \simeq \bar\chi$. Aside from these requirements, the form of $\chi$ potential $V(\chi)$ is left free as long as $\rho_\chi$ becomes insignificant compared to other components in the late time universe.
We discuss two possibilities for the interaction term $S_\mathrm{int}$, namely direct coupling and derivative coupling. In the case of direct coupling,
\begin{align}
S_{\rm int} = -\int d^{4} x \sqrt{-g}\bigg[ \frac{1}{4} \lambda \sigma^2 \bar\chi^2 + \frac{1}{2} \lambda \bar \chi \sigma^2 \delta \chi + \frac{1}{4} \lambda \sigma^2 \delta \chi^2 \bigg]~.
\label{eq:model}
\end{align}
the first term and the third term contribute to the effective mass of the heavy field $\sigma$, the second term and third term are interaction terms between the heavy field and $\chi$.
\begin{align}
m_{\sigma \rm eff}^2 = m_{\sigma}^2 + \frac{1}{2} \lambda \bar\chi^2 + \frac{1}{2} \lambda \langle \delta \chi^2 \rangle~.
\label{eq:meff}
\end{align}
On the other hand, it is also well motivated to adopt the derivative $\sigma-\chi$ coupling of the form $\frac{1}{4}\lambda_2 \sigma^2 \dot\chi^2$, leading to interaction
\begin{align}
S_{\rm int}^\prime = -\int d^{4} x \sqrt{-g}\bigg[ \frac{1}{4} \lambda_2 \sigma^2 \dot{\bar\chi}^2 + \frac{1}{2} \lambda_2 \dot{\bar \chi} \sigma^2 \delta \dot\chi + \frac{1}{4} \lambda_2 \sigma^2 (\delta \dot\chi)^2 \bigg]~.
\label{eq:model-prime}
\end{align}
the first term and the third term contribute to the effective mass of the heavy field $\sigma$, the second term and third term are interaction terms between the heavy field and $\chi$.
\begin{align}
m_{\sigma \rm eff}^2 = m_{\sigma}^2 + \frac{1}{2} \lambda_2 \dot{\bar\chi}^2 + \frac{1}{2} \lambda_2 \langle (\delta \dot\chi)^2 \rangle~.
\end{align}
For the $\chi$ field, the background $\bar \chi$ is governed by the following equation of motion
\begin{align}
\label{eq:chislowroll}
\ddot {\bar \chi} + 3 H \dot {\bar \chi }+ m_{\chi}^2 \bar \chi = 0~,
\end{align}
which holds during the post inflation era as well. Admitting the $\chi$ equation of motion Eq.~\ref{eq:chislowroll} and imposing $\ddot{\chi}\sim 0$, we can get the $\chi$ change rate during the primordial era as:
\begin{equation}
\dot {\bar \chi } = -\frac{m_\chi^2}{3 H} \bar{\chi}~.
\end{equation}
The inflaton is the field that drives inflation. In the rest of this paper, we assume that the change of energy density contributed from $\chi$ subdominates during inflation, i.e. $\chi$ is a spectator field during inflation. In other words, the following constraint is satisfied
\begin{align}
\dot \rho_{\chi\rm inf} \ll \dot \rho_{\phi\rm inf}~,
\end{align}
where $\rho_{\chi\rm inf}$ and $\rho_{\phi\rm inf}$ denote the energy density of the light field $\chi$ and the inflaton $\phi$ during inflation, respectively.
The observable of interest is the primordial three-point correlation or four-point correlation of the primordial curvature perturbation $\zeta$, defined by the following metric written in the $\zeta$ gauge where there is no energy density fluctuation,
\begin{align}
ds^2 = -dt^2 + a^2 (t) (1+2\zeta) d x^i dx^j ~.
\end{align}
\section{Superheavy DM Gravitational Production During Inflation}
\label{DMproduction}
From our model~\eqref{eq:model} it is obvious that the heavy field $\sigma$ is protected by the $Z_2$ symmetry and only interacts with the $\chi$ field. As discussed before, without further interactions $\sigma$ is then a massive stable particle and interacting with other fields via the small coupling and $\chi$ as the mediator, making itself a good DM candidate. For its gravitational production during inflation, we will mostly follow the calculations in~\cite{Li:2019ves}.
During inflation and in the presence of a background $\chi$ field $\sim\bar{\chi}$, the equation of motion for $\sigma$ is
\begin{align}
\ddot \sigma + 3 H \dot \sigma - \frac{1}{a^2} \nabla^2 \sigma + m_{\sigma{\rm eff}}^2 \sigma =0~,
\end{align}
where $m_{\sigma{\rm eff}}$ is given by ~\eqref{eq:meff}. During the inflationary era, the field $\sigma$ can be expressed in the standard formalism (see also \cite{Markkanen:2016aes}):
\begin{align}
\sigma = \int \frac{d^3 \mathbf k}{(2\pi)^3} e^{i \mathbf k\cdot \mathbf x} a^{-3/2} [f_k a_{\mathbf k} + f_k^* a_{-\mathbf k}^\dagger ]~,
\end{align}
where $a_\mathbf k$ and $a_{-\mathbf k}^\dagger$ are the annihilation and creation operators that satisfy the commutation relations $[a_{\mathbf k}, a_{\mathbf k'}] = 0$ and $[a_{\mathbf k}, a_{\mathbf k'}^\dagger] = (2\pi)^3 \delta^{(3)} (\mathbf k - \mathbf k')$. We then find
\begin{align}
\ddot f_k(t) + \omega_k^2 f_k (t) = 0, \quad \omega_k^2= \frac{k^2}{a^2} + H^2 \mu^2 - \frac{3}{2} \dot H , \quad \mu\equiv \sqrt{\frac{m_{\sigma{\rm eff}}^2}{H^2}-\frac{9}{4}} ~.
\end{align}
Since we assume minimal coupling of $\sigma$, the $\xi R$ term is zero in the definition of $\mu$. During slow roll inflation, the scale factor is approximately $a(t) = e^{H_{\rm inf} t} = -1/(H_{\rm inf} \tau)$, and $R = 12 H_{\rm inf}^2$ and $\dot H_{\rm inf}$ vanishes. Hence we refer $H_{\rm inf}$ as $H$ in the following discussions. When inflation ends, the scale factor starts to evolve in a non-accelerated way. There are two classes of solutions to the massive field equation of motion, corresponding to ``in" state and ``out" state, respectively \cite{Chen:2009we}:
\begin{align}
f_k^{\rm in} (t) = \sqrt{\frac{\pi}{4H}} e^{-\pi\mu/2} H_{i\mu}^{(1)} (-k\tau)~,
f_k^{\rm out} (t) = \bigg(\frac{2H}{k}\bigg)^{i\mu} \frac{\Gamma(1+i\mu)}{\sqrt{2H\mu}} J_{i\mu} (-k\tau)~, \label{outstatemodefunction}
\end{align}
where $H^{(1)}_{\nu}(x)$ is the Hankel function of the first kind, and $J_{\nu}(x)$ is the Bessel function.
The mode functions are related via a Bogoliubov transformation as
\begin{align}\label{eq:expand_Bogoliubov}
f_k^{\rm in} (t) = \alpha_k f_k^{\rm out} (t) + \beta_k f_k^{\rm out *} (t) ~.
\end{align}
Inserting the explicit expressions for the ``in" state mode function and ``out" state mode function, we obtain the following expressions for the Bogoliubov coefficients
\begin{align}
\beta_k = \bigg(\frac{2H}{k}\bigg)^{i\mu} \frac{e^{\pi\mu/2}\sqrt{2\pi\mu}}{(1-e^{2\pi\mu})\Gamma[1-i\mu]}~, \quad \alpha_k = - e^{\pi\mu} \beta_k^*~,
\end{align}
with the outgoing amplitude $|\beta_k|^2=1/(e^{2\pi\mu}-1)$. The comoving number density of $\sigma$ DM produced in the pure slow roll approximation then reads
\begin{align}\label{num_density1}
N_\sigma = \int_{0}^{\infty} dk \,\, 2\pi k^2 |\beta_k|^2~,
\end{align}
which gives the total number of particles from the past infinity to future infinity, as shown below (see also \cite{Kobayashi:2014zza}). Since particles are produced when $|\omega_k'/\omega_k^2|$ takes its maximum and thus $\tau\sim -\mu/k$ for each mode. The $k$ integral is then rewritten as:
\begin{align}
\int_0^\infty dk\,\, k^2 = \mu^3 \int_{-\infty}^0 d\tau\,\, \bigg(-\frac{1}{\tau}\bigg)^4 = \mu^3 \int_{-\infty}^0 d\tau\,\, (aH)^4~.
\end{align}
The corresponding physical number density of particles at each moment can be evaluated as:
\begin{align}
n_\sigma = \frac{1}{a(\tau)^3}2\pi |\beta_k|^2 \mu^3 \int_{-\infty}^{\tau} d\tilde \tau (aH)^4 = \frac{2\pi H^3\mu^3}{3(e^{2\pi\mu}-1)} ~.
\end{align}
which is constant in time. Assuming matter domination before reheating and radiation domination afterwards, the current DM abundance can be expressed numerically~\cite{Chung:2001cb,Li:2019ves}:
\begin{equation}
\Omega_\sigma h^2 \simeq \frac{8\pi}{3}\Omega_{\text{R}}h^2 \frac{m_\sigma n_\sigma}{M_{\rm pl}^2 H^2}\bigg( \frac{T_{\rm RH}}{T_0} \bigg)\simeq 1.14\times 10^{9} \mu^3 e^{-2\pi\mu} \frac{H m_\sigma
T_{\rm RH}}{M_{\rm pl}^2}
\label{eq:DMdensity1}
\end{equation}
in the unit of GeV. Here $\Omega_{\rm R}$ and $T_0$ are the radiation energy fraction and temperature today. To produce non-negligible DM comparable to the observed value $\Omega_{\rm CDM}h^2 \simeq 0.12$, from the form of \eqref{eq:DMdensity1} it is clear that the model disfavors large $\mu$ and low $H$ or $T_{\rm RH}$.
In the above slow roll approximation the inflation actually never ends, however, the DM density's exponential dependence on $\mu$ and thus on $\lambda \chi^2$ would be crucial for generating NG in the DM sector. To better estimate the $\sigma$ relic density, we consider the case where inflation is smoothly connected to Minkowski spacetime. The particle production in this scenario would approximate the particle production in more realistic scenarios where inflation is connected to a stage of the universe with much lower Hubble scale (and thus approximately Minkowski), for example, radiation-dominated universe with transition time of order $H^{-1}$. By introducing the Stokes line method to compute the particle production beyond exponential precision, one obtains the relic density of $\sigma$ today as
\begin{align}
\Omega_\sigma h^2 & \simeq 6.1\times 10^{5}\mu e^{-2\pi\mu} \frac{H m_\sigma T_{\rm RH}}{M_{\rm pl}^2}~,
\label{eq:OmegaDMStokes}
\end{align}
which is also in the unit of~GeV. The result is similar to ~\eqref{eq:DMdensity1} but with different numerical prefactors and different powers of $\mu$. For moderate $\mu$, the dependence of $n_\sigma$ shall be dominated by the exponent factor. There are other ways to create $\sigma$ through gravity, such as a sudden transition from the inflation phase to the radiation domination phase, which may be the case for models such as brane inflation \cite{Dvali:1998pa,Burgess:2001fx,Dvali:2001fw,Shandera:2003gx,HenryTye:2006uv} or quintessential inflation \cite{Peebles:1998qn}. The $\sigma$ number density in this case can be much larger than the smooth transition case. However, the produced DM number density is proportional to $H^3$ and hence shows little correlation with $\bar{\chi}$. Without the $\mu$ and $\bar{\chi}$ dependence, $\rho_\sigma$ fluctuation cannot carry information of $\chi$ field. Even though, the sudden transition mechanism might be useful in the curvaton case, which we will discuss in Sec.~\ref{curvaton}.
Since the precise $\Omega_\sigma h^2$ is dependent on models of reheating and requires numerical evaluations much more complicated than the semi-analytical approaches we adopt here, it is convenient to parameterize $\Omega_\sigma h^2$ for later use:
\begin{equation}
\Omega_\sigma h^2 = A \mu^\alpha e^{-2\pi \mu} \frac{H m_\sigma T_{\rm RH}}{M_{\rm pl}^2}~,
\label{eq:DMdensity3}
\end{equation}
where $A$ is an constant between $\mathcal{O}(10^{4-9})$ characterizing the DM production efficiency of different models and $\alpha$ describes the remnant power dependence on $\mu$.
In the above discussions we assume that $\sigma$ particle number is fixed once it is produced near the end of inflation era, one may concern if $\sigma$ annihilates or produced during reheating and radiation domination. This is indeed a good approximation as long as $\lambda$ is small and $\chi$ only interacts with other fields weakly. Starting from possible $\sigma$ annihilation. For a weakly interacting $\chi$, the process $2\sigma\to 2\chi$ dominates the annihilation, with $s$-wave thermal averaged $\left\langle \sigma v \right\rangle \sim \lambda^2/m_\sigma^2$. For heavy DM like $\sigma$, when the radiation temperature $T\gtrsim m_\sigma$, the physical number density $n_\sigma \ll n_\sigma^{\rm eq} \simeq T^3$, hence annihilation cannot reduce $n_\sigma$. The potential constraint on $\lambda$ and other parameters will be discussed below. When $T\ll m_\sigma$ and thus $n_\sigma^{\rm eq} \simeq T^3 e^{-m_\sigma/T} \ll n_\sigma$, the annihilation can happen, but already freeze out $n_\sigma \left\langle \sigma v \right\rangle \ll H$. The minuscule annihilation rate also ensures $\sigma$ DM is safe against<|fim_middle|>3} \delta\chi_{\mathbf k_4} \rangle'_{(2)} = \frac{1}{2} ( i \lambda)^2 \sum_{a,b=\pm} ab \int \frac{d \tau_1}{(-H\tau_1)^4} \frac{d \tau_2}{(-H\tau_2)^4} G_a (k_1;\tau_2) G_a (k_2;\tau_2) G_b (k_3;\tau_1) \\ \label{fourpointcorrelationofchi}
& \times G_b (k_4;\tau_1) \int \frac{d^3 \mathbf p}{(2\pi)^3} \int \frac{d^3 \mathbf q}{(2\pi)^3} (2\pi)^3 \delta^{(3)} (\mathbf p+\mathbf q- \mathbf k_I) D_{ab} (p,\tau_1,\tau_2) D_{ab} (q,\tau_1,\tau_2) ~,
\end{align}
where we have defined $\mathbf k_I = \mathbf k_1+\mathbf k_2$. In the collapsed limit $k_1\simeq k_2\simeq k_3\simeq k_4\gg k_I$, it is
\begin{align}\label{trispectruma}
& \langle \delta\chi_{\mathbf k_1} \delta\chi_{\mathbf k_2} \delta\chi_{\mathbf k_3} \delta\chi_{\mathbf k_4} \rangle'_{(2)} = \frac{-\lambda^2}{ 512 \pi^4 } \frac{H^4 k_I^3}{ k_1^6 k_3^6} \bigg[ C_{\text{tri}}(\mu) \bigg(\frac{k_I^2 }{4 k_1 k_3}\bigg)^{-2i\mu} +{\rm c.c.} \bigg] ~,
\end{align}
where
\begin{align}
C_{\text{tri}}(\mu)=\mu^{-2} (2-i\mu)^2 \Gamma^2(i\mu) \Gamma^2(\frac{3}{2}-i\mu) \Gamma^2 (2-2 i \mu ) \Gamma(4i\mu-4)\sin(2i\mu\pi)\sin^2(i\mu\pi) ~.
\label{ctrispectrum}
\end{align}
\color{black}
Second and third Feynman diagram of Figure~\ref{trispectrumchichichi} is differed from the Feynman diagram on the leftmost by a factor of $2 \lambda \bar\chi^2/H^2$ and $2 \lambda^2 \bar\chi^4/H^4$, respectively. So the total contribution to the bispectrum is
\begin{align}\label{trispectruma1}
& \langle \delta\chi_{\mathbf k_1} \delta\chi_{\mathbf k_2} \delta\chi_{\mathbf k_3} \delta\chi_{\mathbf k_4} \rangle' = \bigg(1+2\times \frac{ 2 \lambda \bar \chi^2 }{ H^2}+ \frac{ 2 \lambda^2 \bar \chi^4}{H^4} \bigg) \frac{-\lambda^2}{ 512 \pi^4 } \frac{H^4 k_I^3}{ k_1^6 k_3^6} \bigg[ C_{\text{tri}}(\mu) \bigg(\frac{k_I^2 }{4 k_1 k_3}\bigg)^{-2i\mu} +{\rm c.c.} \bigg] ~.
\end{align}
Based on the same method, the first diagram in the derivative coupling case can be evaluated as
\begin{align} \nonumber
& \langle \delta\chi_{\mathbf k_1} \delta\chi_{\mathbf k_2} \delta\chi_{\mathbf k_3} \delta\chi_{\mathbf k_4} \rangle'_{(2)} = \frac{1}{2} ( i \lambda_2)^2 \sum_{a,b=\pm} ab \int \frac{d \tau_1}{(-H\tau_1)^2} \frac{d \tau_2}{(-H\tau_2)^2} G^{\prime}_a (k_1;\tau_2) G^{\prime}_a (k_2;\tau_2) G^{\prime}_b (k_3;\tau_1) \\ \label{fourpointcorrelationofchid}
& \times G^{\prime}_b (k_4;\tau_1) \int \frac{d^3 \mathbf p}{(2\pi)^3} \int \frac{d^3 \mathbf q}{(2\pi)^3} (2\pi)^3 \delta^{(3)} (\mathbf p+\mathbf q- \mathbf k_I) D_{ab} (p,\tau_1,\tau_2) D_{ab} (q,\tau_1,\tau_2) ~,
\end{align}
where we have defined $\mathbf k_I = \mathbf k_1+\mathbf k_2$. In the collapsed limit $k_1\simeq k_2\simeq k_3\simeq k_4\gg k_I$ and summing up all 3 leading diagrams, the result reads:
\begin{align}\label{trispectruma2}
& \langle \delta\chi_{\mathbf k_1} \delta\chi_{\mathbf k_2} \delta\chi_{\mathbf k_3} \delta\chi_{\mathbf k_4} \rangle' = \bigg(1+2\times \frac{ 2 \lambda_2 \dot{\bar \chi}^2 }{ H^2}+ \frac{ 2 \lambda_2^2 \dot{\bar \chi}^4}{H^4} \bigg) \frac{\lambda_2^2}{ 2^{13} \pi^4 } \frac{H^8 k_I^3}{ k_1^6 k_3^6} \bigg[ C_{\text{tri}}^d(\mu) \bigg(\frac{k_I^2 }{4 k_1 k_3}\bigg)^{-2i\mu} +{\rm c.c.} \bigg] ~.
\end{align}
where the loop suppression factor for the derivative case
\begin{align}
C_{\text{tri}}^d(\mu)=\Gamma^2(i\mu) \Gamma^2(\frac{3}{2}-i\mu) \Gamma^2 (4-2 i \mu ) \Gamma(4i\mu-4) \sin(2i\mu\pi)\sin^2(i\mu\pi) ~.
\label{ctrispectrumd}
\end{align}
\begin{figure}[h!]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=4.5cm]{chi4pt2int.pdf} \quad
\includegraphics[width=4.5cm]{chi4pt3int.pdf} \quad
\includegraphics[width=4.5cm]{chi4pt4int.pdf}
\caption{The diagrams that contributes to $\langle \delta\chi \delta \chi \delta \chi \delta \chi \rangle$.} \label{trispectrumchichichi}
\end{figure}
\section{Curvaton Scenario: NG Introduced by Light Field Decay}\label{curvaton}
In this section and the next section, we discuss the post-inflationary evolution of the isocurvature fluctuations. The discussion here is aligned with the so-called ``curvaton scenario" \cite{Enqvist:2001zp,Lyth:2001nq,Moroi:2001ct
. The idea dates back to the earlier works \cite{Mollerach:1989hu,Linde:1996gt}. After inflation, the subsequent evolution consists of three stages: curvaton field starting oscillation, oscillation persisting for many Hubble times and curvaton decaying. The curvaton field can either dominate the energy density just before the decay or do not dominate during the whole process. Defining the ratio of the curvaton energy density $\rho_\chi$ and the radiation energy density $\rho_r$ to be $r_{\rm dec}$ at the time of curvaton decay, we have
\begin{align}
r_{\rm dec} \equiv \frac{3\rho_\chi}{4\rho_r+3\rho_{\chi}} \bigg|_{\rm decay} ~.
\end{align}
Another parameter helpful in characterizing different scenarios is the ratio of the power spectrum of the primordial curvature perturbations generated by the $\chi$ field to that generated by the inflaton, which we denoted as
\begin{align}
R \equiv \frac{P_\zeta^{(\chi)}}{P_\zeta^{(\phi)}}~.
\end{align}
In this section we focus on the scenario where the power spectrum is mostly generated by $\chi$ ($R\gg 1$) and leave the scenario where the power spectrum is mostly generated by inflaton to the next section. The current measured value of primordial scalar power spectrum $P_\zeta^{(0)} = 2.1\times 10^{-9}$~\cite{Aghanim:2018eyx} demands that $\bar{\chi}$ has a fixed ratio with $H$:
\begin{equation}
\frac{\bar{\chi}}{H} \simeq 2.3\times 10^3~.
\end{equation}
We will simply fix this ratio in the rest of this section. Also, since by definition the curvaton would decay to radiation, it naturally satisfies the constraint that $\rho_\chi$ is negligible in the late time universe. We take the minimal form that $V(\chi)=\frac{m_\chi \chi^2}{2}$ here.
The post-inflationary evolution starts with a period when the curvaton field starts to oscillate around the minimum of the potential. During this time, the universe is dominated by radiation. The oscillation starts when the Hubble scale coincide with the mass of the light field $H \sim m$.
The energy density of the $\chi$ field is
\begin{align}
\rho_{\chi} (\mathbf x) = \rho_{\chi} + \delta \rho_{\chi} (\mathbf x) = \frac{1}{2} m_{\chi}^2 \chi^2 (\mathbf x) ~.
\end{align}
Based on the inhomogeneity we can define the density contrast and curvature perturbations as:
\begin{align}
\delta &\equiv \frac{\delta \rho_{\chi}}{\rho_{\chi}}= 2 \frac{\delta \chi}{\chi}~. \\
\zeta_{\chi} &=-H \frac{\delta \rho_{\chi}}{\dot{\rho}_{\chi}}=\frac{1}{3} \frac{\delta \rho_{\chi}}{\rho_{\chi}} =\frac{2}{3}\frac{\delta \chi}{\chi}=\frac{1}{3} \delta~.
\end{align}
Observation requires that \cite{Feldman:2000vk}$\bar \chi_* \gg H_*$ for curvature perturbations where $\chi_*$ and $H_*$ denotes the field value of $\chi$ and Hubble are evaluated at horizon crossing.
The curvature perturbation in the radiation section is simply given by:
\begin{align}
\zeta_{\mathrm{r}} &=-H \frac{\delta \rho_{\mathrm{r}}}{\dot{\rho}_{\mathrm{r}}}=\frac{1}{4} \frac{\delta \rho_{\mathrm{r}}}{\rho_{\mathrm{r}}} ~,
\end{align}
The curvature perturbation is thus
\begin{align}\label{curvatureperturbation}
\zeta =-H \frac{\delta \rho}{\dot{\rho}}=-H \frac{\delta \rho_{\mathrm{r}}+\delta \rho_{\chi}}{\dot{\rho}_{\mathrm{r}}+\dot{\rho}_{\chi}} = \frac{4 \rho_r \zeta_r+ 3 \rho_\chi \zeta_\chi}{4 \rho_r+3 \rho_\chi}~.
\end{align}
The energy density of the $\chi$ field can either dominate or sub-dominate the energy density before the decay. In the following, we discuss these two cases separately.
If $\chi$ field dominates the energy density before the decay ($r\sim 1$), \eqref{curvatureperturbation} becomes
\begin{align}
\zeta\simeq \frac{r}{3 } \delta = \frac{2 r}{3} \frac{\delta \chi}{\chi } ~.
\end{align}
$\chi$ field sub-dominates the energy density before the decay. On the other hand, the case that the energy of the curvaton is subdominant compared with radiation $r\ll 1$, we will obtain
\begin{align}
\zeta \simeq \frac{r}{4} \delta ~.
\end{align}
In this work we will focus on the first scenario where $r\sim 1$, as for the later case the calculations and results are qualitatively the same and the fact that the later case is strongly constrained by data.
\subsection{NG Signals}
The $\chi$ bispectrum and trispectrum are related to $\zeta$ trispectrum and bispectrum in the following way
\begin{align}
\langle \zeta_{\mathbf k_1} \zeta_{\mathbf k_2} \zeta_{\mathbf k_3} \rangle & = \bigg(\frac{2}{3} \frac{r}{\bar \chi} \bigg)^3 \langle \delta \chi_{\mathbf k_1} \delta \chi_{\mathbf k_2} \delta \chi_{\mathbf k_3} \rangle ~,\\
\langle \zeta_{\mathbf k_1} \zeta_{\mathbf k_2} \zeta_{\mathbf k_3} \zeta_{\mathbf k_4} \rangle & = \bigg( \frac{2}{3} \frac{r}{\bar \chi} \bigg)^4 \langle \delta \chi_{\mathbf k_1} \delta \chi_{\mathbf k_2} \delta \chi_{\mathbf k_3} \delta \chi_{\mathbf k_4} \rangle ~.
\end{align}
We define the shape function to be
\begin{align}
\left\langle\zeta_{\mathbf{k}_{1}} \zeta_{\mathbf{k}_{2}} \zeta_{\mathbf{k}_{3}}\right\rangle^{\prime} & \equiv (2 \pi)^{4} S\left(k_{1}, k_{2}, k_{3}\right) \frac{1}{\left(k_{1} k_{2} k_{3}\right)^{2}} P_{\zeta}^{(0) 2} ~, \\
\left\langle \zeta_{\mathbf{k}_{1}} \zeta_{\mathbf{k}_{2}} \zeta_{\mathbf{k}_{3}} \zeta_{\mathbf{k}_{4}}\right\rangle^{\prime} & \equiv (2 \pi)^{6} T\left(k_{1}, k_{2}, k_{3}, k_{4}\right) \frac{(k_1+k_2+k_3+k_4)^{3}}{\left(k_{1} k_{2} k_{3} k_{4}\right)^{3}} P_{\zeta}^{(0)3} ~.
\end{align}
So the shape functions are in the direct coupling case:
\begin{align}\nonumber
S(k_1,k_2,k_3) &= \frac{1}{(2\pi)^4 P^{(0)2}_\zeta} \frac{8 r^3}{27\bar\chi^3} \bigg(1+\frac{2\lambda \bar \chi^2}{H^2}\bigg) \frac{-\lambda^2 \bar\chi H^2}{32 \pi^4} \bigg[ C_{\text{bi}}(\mu) \bigg(\frac{k_3 }{2 k_1}\bigg)^{2-2i\mu} +\text{c.c.} \bigg] ~, \\ \nonumber
T\left(k_{1}, k_{2}, k_{3}, k_{4}\right) & = \frac{1}{(2\pi)^6 P^{(0)3}_{\zeta}}\frac{16 r^4}{81 \bar \chi^4} \bigg(1+ \frac{ 4 \lambda \bar \chi^2 }{ H^2}+ \frac{ 2 \lambda^2 \bar \chi^4}{H^4} \bigg) \frac{-\lambda^2 H^4}{ 512 \pi^4 } \frac{(k_1 k_3)^{3/2}}{(k_1 +k_3)^3}\times \\
& \times
\bigg[C_{\text{tri}}(\mu) \bigg(\frac{k_I^2 }{4 k_1 k_3}\bigg)^{\frac{3}{2}-2i\mu} +{\rm c.c.} \bigg] ~.
\label{eq:curvatonS}
\end{align}
Where the normalization factor is the primordial scalar power:
\begin{align}
\frac{R}{R+1}P^{(0)}_\zeta=P^{(\chi)}_\zeta=\frac{4r^2}{9\bar{\chi}^2}\bigg(\frac{H}{2\pi}\bigg)^2 \simeq 2.1\times 10^{-9} ~,
\end{align}
$C_{\text{bi}}(\mu)$ and $C_{\text{tri}}(\mu)$ are dimensionless functions of $\mu$, as defined in (\ref{cbispectrumd}) and (\ref{ctrispectrumd}). If we adopt the derivative coupling, following a similar approach the shape functions becomes:
\begin{align}
S(k_1,k_2,k_3) &= \frac{1}{(2\pi)^4 P^{(0)2}_\zeta} \frac{8 r^3}{27\bar\chi^3}\bigg(1+\frac{2\lambda_2 \dot{\bar \chi}^2}{H^2}\bigg) \frac{-\lambda_2^2 \dot{\bar\chi} H^5}{64 \pi^4} \bigg[ C_{\text{bi}}^d (\mu) \bigg(\frac{k_3 }{2 k_1}\bigg)^{2-2i\mu} +\text{c.c.} \bigg] ~,
\end{align}
\begin{align}\nonumber
T\left(k_{1}, k_{2}, k_{3}, k_{4}\right) &= \frac{1}{(2\pi)^6 P^{(0)3}_{\zeta}}\frac{16 r^4}{81 \bar \chi^4}\bigg(1+\frac{ 4 \lambda_2 \dot{\bar \chi}^2 }{ H^2}+ \frac{ 2 \lambda_2^2 \dot{\bar \chi}^4}{H^4} \bigg) \frac{\lambda_2^2 H^8}{ 2^{13} \pi^4 } \frac{(k_1 k_3)^{3/2}}{(k_1 +k_3)^3}\times\\ & \times \bigg[ C_{\text{tri}}^d(\mu) \bigg(\frac{k_I^2 }{4 k_1 k_3}\bigg)^{\frac{3}{2}-2i\mu} +{\rm c.c.} \bigg] ~,
\label{eq:curvatonDS}
\end{align}
In Fig.~\ref{fig:curvatonDM} we show two typical numerical parameter space for this scenario. The parameter choice are labeled on each plot. We simply take $r=1$ to fulfill our expectation that $r\sim \mathcal{O}(1)$. In fact, the size of $r$ doesn't affect the curvature NG clock signal significantly as it only depends on $r^3$ rather than exponentially.
In both cases $R$ is sufficiently larger than 1, consistent with our assumption for curvaton case. In most cases, both the size of bispectrum $S$ and scaled DM relic density $f_\sigma$ are sensitive to $\mu$. The model thus prefers smaller $\mu$ that produces enough $\sigma$ DM and large $S$.
\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[height=6cm]{Curv_direct_1}
\includegraphics[height=6cm]{Curv_deri_1}
\caption{Numerical benchmarks of the curvaton scenario, $H$ and $T_{\rm RH}$ in the unit of GeV. The gray region corresponds to when the bare $m_\sigma$ becomes negative, and the red contours stand for $m_\sigma$ in the unit of $H$. The blue(green) contour stands for bispectrum(trispectrum). The red region provides enough DM this way( $1>f_\sigma>1\%$ in the range of $10^{9}>A>10^{4}$). {\textbf Left:} Direct coupling. {\textbf Right:} Derivative coupling.}
\label{fig:curvatonDM}
\end{figure}
\subsection{Observational Constraints}
For the curvaton-like case, the power spectrum is dominated by curvaton decays. For formally one can define the ratio
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:Rdefinition}
R\equiv \frac{{\mathcal{P}}^\chi_\zeta}{{\mathcal{P}}^\phi_\zeta} \simeq \frac{8\epsilon}{9} \bigg(\frac{{M_{\text{pl}}}}{\bar{\chi}} \bigg)^2 r_{\rm dec}^2~.
\end{equation}
According to previous studies \cite{Enqvist:2013paa}, the curvaton itself can introduce a non-trivial $f_{\rm NL}$:
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:curvatonfnl}
f_{\rm NL} = \frac{5}{6(1+R)^2} \bigg[\frac{1}{2\epsilon} \bigg( 1-\frac{\eta_\phi}{2\epsilon}\bigg) + R^2 \bigg( \frac{3- 4r_{\rm dec} -2r_{\rm dec}^2}{2 r_{\rm dec}} \bigg) \bigg]~.
\end{equation}
As long as $R\gg 1$ as preferred by data, the observational constraint that $f_{\rm NL}< \mathcal{O}(10)$ then requires $r$ to be of $\mathcal{O}(1)$.
Another important constraint comes from matter-photon isocurvature, which depends on the perturbation differences between the rest of CDM ($c$, other than $\sigma$), radiation ($\gamma$) and baryon (b). We define the gauge invariant entropy fluctuations $S_{x\gamma} \equiv 3 (\zeta_x - \zeta_\gamma )$, where $x$ denotes $b$ or $c$. If $\sigma$ is the dominant component of CDM, since it is created before curvaton decays, its perturbation imprints the information ${\mathcal{P}}_\phi$ instead of ${\mathcal{P}}_\chi$. In this model, the production of DM may even correlate to $\delta\chi$ negatively as $\bar{\chi}$ raises DM effective mass, which may make things even worse. However, as $\frac{\partial \ln\rho_{\sigma}}{\partial{\bar{\chi}}}\ll 1$ we can take only the leading contribution to isocurvature, which is not related to $\lambda$.
The current measurement strongly disfavor cases that all CDM are created before curvaton $\chi$ decay~\cite{Smith:2015bln,Aghanim:2018eyx} as this creates a large $S_{m\gamma}/\zeta\gtrsim \mathcal{O}(1)$. Therefore in the curvaton scenario we only consider if $\sigma$ is a subdominant part of CDM, while the rest of CDM is created after or by $\chi$ decay:
\begin{equation}
f_{\sigma}\equiv \frac{\Omega_{\sigma}}{\Omega_{\rm CDM}}< 1~.
\end{equation}
Aside from when CDM generation, baryon number $B$ creation can also important, assuming they are created in the radiation, if it is created before/by/after $\chi$ decay makes difference. On the other hand, the lepton number $L$, as long as it is not created by curvaton $\chi$ decay, makes little difference in our calculation ($R_\nu=0$). For more details, see~\cite{Smith:2015bln}.
\begin{figure}[h!]
\centering
\includegraphics[scale=0.3]{Iso_1}
\caption{Possible range of $r$ and $f_\sigma$ for 4 different scenarios, with the isocurvature constraint. Blue, green, orange and red regions stand for $b_{after},c_{after}$ /$b_{by},c_{after}$/ $b_{after},c_{by}$ and $b_{by},c_{by}$ respectively. The gray shade is vetoed as $r$ becomes too low and introduces too large a $f_{\rm NL}^{\rm local}>10$.}
\label{fig:rfscan}
\end{figure}
Following previous discussion, definition of the CDM fraction $f_\sigma$, and calculation in~\cite{Smith:2015bln}, one can calculate $S_{m\gamma}$ different cases. For example, if both the rest of CDM and $B$ are created after $\chi$ decay ($b_{after},c_{after}$):
\begin{equation}
\frac{S_{c\gamma}}{\zeta} = -3 f_\sigma,~\frac{S_{b\gamma}}{\zeta}=0,~\frac{S_{m\gamma}}{\zeta}=-3 f_\sigma \frac{\Omega_{\rm CDM}}{\Omega_m}~.
\end{equation}
Similarly, we have the case $b_{by},c_{after}$:
\begin{equation}-
\frac{S_{c\gamma}}{\zeta} = 3 f_\sigma,~\frac{S_{b\gamma}}{\zeta}=3(r^{-1}-1),~\frac{S_{m\gamma}}{\zeta}=\frac{3 \Omega_b[1+r(f_\sigma-1)]}{r \Omega_m} -3 f_\sigma ~,
\end{equation}
$b_{after},c_{by}$
\begin{equation}
\frac{S_{c\gamma}}{\zeta} = 3(r^{-1}-1)(1- f_\sigma) - 3 f_\sigma ,~\frac{S_{b\gamma}}{\zeta}=0,~\frac{S_{m\gamma}}{\zeta}=-\frac{3 \Omega_{\rm CDM}(r-1+f_\sigma)}{r \Omega_m} ~,
\end{equation}
and $b_{by},c_{by}$
\begin{equation}
\frac{S_{c\gamma}}{\zeta} = 3(r^{-1}-1)(1- f_\sigma) - 3 f_\sigma,~\frac{S_{b\gamma}}{\zeta}=3(r^{-1}-1),~\frac{S_{m\gamma}}{\zeta}=3\frac{\Omega_m(1-r) -\Omega_{\rm CDM} f_\sigma}{r \Omega_m} ~.
\end{equation}
Notice that this immediately rules out the case that $f_\sigma$ is close to 1 for all different scenarios. Together with current data constraints $|S_{m\gamma}/\zeta|\lesssim \mathcal{O}(0.1)$, we can work out the possible range of $r$ and $f_\sigma$ based on the arguments is shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:rfscan}.
We also need to take the tri-spectrum $\tau_{NL}$ constraint into consideration. According to~\cite{Enqvist:2013paa}:
\begin{align}
\tau_{NL} = \bigg( \frac{1}{1+R} \bigg)^3 \bigg[ \frac{1}{4\epsilon^2}\bigg(1-\frac{\eta_\phi}{2\epsilon}\bigg)^2 + R^3 \bigg( \frac{3- 4r -2r^2}{2 r} \bigg) \bigg]
\simeq \frac{R}{1+R} \bigg(\frac{6}{5} f_{NL} \bigg)^2~,
\end{align}
\begin{align}
g_{NL} = & \bigg( \frac{1}{1+R} \bigg)^3 \bigg[ 2\epsilon \bigg( - \frac{\xi-\phi^2}{\epsilon} + 2\frac{\eta_\phi^2}{\epsilon}\bigg) + R^3 \bigg( \frac{6r^3+20r+r-18}{2 r} \bigg) \bigg] \\ \nonumber
\simeq & \bigg(\frac{R}{1+R}\bigg)^3 \frac{6r^3+20r+r-18}{2 r} .
\end{align}
The current constraint on $g_{\rm NL}$ is of $\mathcal{O}(10^4)$~\cite{Akrami:2019izv} and $\tau_{NL}<2800$~\cite{Ade:2013ydc}. With the assumption that $R\gg 1$, the constraints from the trispectrum measurements cannot provide meaningful information about this scenario as long as $r$ is of $\mathcal{O}(1)$.
\section{DM modulation Scenario: NG Introduced by DM Production}\label{spectator}
In this section, we will turn to another limit that $\chi$ barely leaves any curvature perturbation observable, in contrast to the curvaton case. Or equivalently we are discussing the $R\to 0$, $r\to 0$ limit using the notation we use in the curvaton case. As inflaton dominates both the curvature perturbation power spectrum and the energy density when $\chi$ decays, the NG imprints left by $\chi$ will be suppressed by $r^n$ and would not introduce visible $f_{\rm NL}$ constraints according to~\eqref{eq:curvatonfnl}. Nevertheless, in our model where $\chi$ directly couples to the dark matter $\sigma$, the information of $\chi$ primordial perturbation will also introduce isocurvature fluctuations in DM, which may become significant. The fluctuation in $\chi$ during inflation creates NG in terms matter-radiation isocurvature. Certainly, such a model must also be constrained by current observation of isocurvature power spectrum. In the follow section we will show that in order to get a large NG effect in terms of isocurvature, $f_\sigma$ need to be larger and eventually taken to be 1.
\subsection{Review of this Scenario}
According to~\cite{Li:2019ves} and discussions in Sec.~\ref{DMproduction}, the heavy DM density produced by gravity is proportional to $\mu^\alpha e^{-2 \pi \mu}$. For superhorizon modes, the DM relic density before $\chi$ decays will pick up an non-zero fluctuation term due to the contribution from $\chi$ fluctuation:
\begin{equation}
\rho_\sigma = \bar{\rho}_\sigma e^{3(\zeta_\sigma-\zeta)}~,
\end{equation}
since during this era we have $\rho_\sigma\ll\rho_\chi\ll\rho_r$ and $\zeta_r \simeq \zeta_\phi$. Then, up to the leading order, we can expand the expression and get the following expression.
\begin{align}
\zeta_\sigma-\zeta_\phi = \frac{1}{3} \frac{\delta \rho_\sigma}{\bar{\rho}_\sigma} = \frac{1}{3} \frac{\frac{\partial \rho_\sigma}{\partial \dot{\chi}} \delta \dot{\chi}}{\bar{\rho}_\sigma } = \frac{1}{3} \delta \dot{\chi} \frac{\partial \ln \rho_\sigma}{\partial \dot{\chi}} = \frac{1}{3} \delta \dot{\chi} \frac{\partial \ln \rho_\sigma}{\partial \dot{\bar \chi}}~.
\end{align}
Note that inflaton also contributes to the curvature perturbation, however, it gives subdominant contributions. For more details, see \cite{Fonseca:2012cj}.
Since $\zeta_\phi$ and $\zeta_{\chi/\sigma}$ is uncorrelated, the main contributor to the NG of $\sigma$ density mostly stems from the isocurvature mode. This means the three-point function
\begin{align}
\label{eq:modbispectrum}
\lran{\frac{\delta\rho_{\sigma\mathbf k_1}}{\rho_\sigma }\frac{\delta\rho_{\sigma\mathbf k_2}}{\rho_\sigma }\frac{\delta\rho_{\sigma\mathbf k_3}}{\rho_\sigma }} &= \lran{\delta\chi_{\mathbf k_1} \delta\chi_{\mathbf k_2} \delta\chi_{\mathbf k_3}} \bigg(
\frac{\partial \ln \rho_\sigma}{\partial \bar{\chi}}
\bigg)^3\\\nonumber
= & \lran{\zeta_{\chi\mathbf{k}_{1}} \zeta_{\chi\mathbf{k}_{2}} \zeta_{\chi\mathbf{k}_{3}}} \bigg(\frac{3\bar{\chi} }{2r}
\frac{\partial \ln \rho_\sigma}{\partial \bar{\chi}}
\bigg)^3 \simeq \lran{\zeta_{\chi\mathbf{k}_{1}} \zeta_{\chi\mathbf{k}_{2}} \zeta_{\chi\mathbf{k}_{3}}} \bigg(\frac{-3 \pi \lambda \bar{\chi}^2}{2r H^2 \mu} \bigg)^3~,
\end{align}
and for derivative coupling the above relation changes to:
\begin{align}
& \lran{\frac{\delta\rho_{\sigma\mathbf k_1}}{\rho_\sigma }\frac{\delta\rho_{\sigma\mathbf k_2}}{\rho_\sigma }\frac{\delta\rho_{\sigma\mathbf k_3}}{\rho_\sigma }} = \lran{\delta\dot{\chi}_{\mathbf k_1} \delta\dot{\chi}_{\mathbf k_2} \delta\dot{\chi}_{\mathbf k_3}} \bigg( \frac{\partial \ln \rho_\sigma}{\partial \dot{\bar{\chi}}} \bigg)^3
\simeq \lran{\delta{\chi}_{\mathbf k_1} \delta{\chi}_{\mathbf k_2} \delta{\chi}_{\mathbf k_3}} \bigg(\frac{-m^2_\chi}{3H}\bigg)^3 \bigg( \frac{\partial \ln \rho_\sigma}{\partial \dot{\bar{\chi}}} \bigg)^3
\\\nonumber
& = \lran{\zeta_{\chi\mathbf{k}_{1}} \zeta_{\chi\mathbf{k}_{2}} \zeta_{\chi\mathbf{k}_{3}}} \bigg(\frac{3\bar{\chi} }{2 r} \bigg)^3 \bigg(\frac{-m^2_\chi}{3H}\bigg)^3 \bigg( \frac{\partial \ln \rho_\sigma}{\partial \dot{\bar{\chi}}} \bigg)^3
\simeq \lran{\zeta_{\chi\mathbf{k}_{1}} \zeta_{\chi\mathbf{k}_{2}} \zeta_{\chi\mathbf{k}_{3}}}\bigg(\frac{-m^2_\chi\bar{\chi}}{2Hr}\frac{-\pi \lambda_2 \dot{\bar{\chi}}}{ H^2 \mu}\bigg)^3~,
\label{eq:modbispectrum}
\end{align}
where in the last relation we assume $\alpha\simeq 0$ in \eqref{eq:DMdensity3} for simplicity. The term grabs a negative sign compared to the $\chi$ induced clock signal. The calculation of the clock signal is then similar to the case in Sec.~\ref{curvaton}. However, to correctly compare the NG in isocurvature with the Gaussian part, the normalization factor changed to primordial isocurvature perturbation at large scale $P_I^{(0)}$ deduced from the same mechanism instead. The current experiment only gives an upper limit of the size. In this mechanism, the primordial isocurvature perturbation can be introduced by modulated $\sigma$ dark matter production similar to in, which will be discussed below.
Now we turn to estimate the primordial isocurvature perturbation power spectrum introduced by $\chi$-$\sigma$ interaction at large scales, assuming no other source of isocurvature. Similar to the curvaton case but with much smaller $R$ and $r$, the $\zeta_\gamma$ mainly follows inflaton fluctuation:
\begin{equation}
\zeta_\gamma \simeq \zeta_\phi~,
\end{equation}
while $\zeta_c$ and $\zeta_b$ is assumed to be created by radiation since $\chi$ vanishes. This is corresponding to the $c_{\rm after}, b_{\rm after}$ scenario, leaving $\zeta_b \simeq \zeta_\gamma$ and$
\zeta_{\rm DM}=f_\sigma \zeta_\sigma + (1-f_\sigma)\zeta_\gamma~.$ Resulting in the total matter non-adiabatic perturbation
\begin{equation}
S_{m\gamma} = 3\frac{\Omega_{\rm CDM} f_\sigma}{\Omega_m}(\zeta_\sigma-\zeta_\gamma) \simeq \frac{\Omega_{\rm CDM} f_\sigma}{\Omega_m} \frac{\partial \ln \rho_\sigma}{\partial \bar \chi}\delta\chi \approx \frac{f_\sigma \lambda \bar{\chi}}{2 H \mu}.
\label{eq:direct}
\end{equation}
In the last relation we use the approximation that $\delta \chi \approx H/2\pi$ and the fact that $\Omega_b$ is only a small fraction of $\Omega_m$. According to the current isocurvature constraints~\cite{Akrami:2018odb}, the value of $\lambda \chi/H\mu $ must be small enough ($\lesssim \mathcal{O}(10^{-5})$). Similarly, we can write down the $S_{m\gamma}$ for the derivative coupling case:
\begin{equation}
S_{m\gamma} = 3\frac{\Omega_{\rm CDM} f_\sigma}{\Omega_m}(\zeta_\sigma-\zeta_\gamma) \simeq \frac{\Omega_{\rm CDM} f_\sigma}{\Omega_m} \frac{\partial \ln \rho_\sigma}{\partial \dot{\bar \chi}}\delta\dot{\chi} \approx \frac{f_\sigma \lambda_2 \dot{\bar{\chi}}^2}{2H \bar{\chi} \mu}~,
\label{eq:deriso}
\end{equation}
which is solvable once we impose the relation between $\dot{\bar{\chi}}$ and $\bar{\chi}$ such as in Eq.~\ref{eq:chislowroll}. The constraint from primordial isocurvature is shown in Figure~\ref{fig:mod_1} as the gray shades. It is obvious from the form of Eq.~\ref{eq:deriso} that the dependence on $\dot{\bar{\chi}}^2/\bar{\chi}H \propto m_\chi^4$ is small since $\chi$ is a light field. With a reasonable choice of $m_\chi$, such as $0.01H$ we chose here, the constraint from primordial isocurvature are much weaker, allowing larger NG signals.
\begin{figure}[h!]
\centering
\includegraphics[height=6cm]{Mod_direct_1}
\includegraphics[height=6cm]{Mod_deri_1}
\caption{The parameter scan for the modulator case, $H$ and $T_{\rm RH}$ in the unit of GeV. Blue and green contours still stand for the log of bi/trispectrum. The light gray shaded region is prohibited by the isocurvature perturbation observation bound. The dark gray shaded region is where $m_\sigma$ turns negative with given parameter. In both cases all allowed (blank) region provides enough $\sigma$ DM ($f_\sigma$=1) with a proper choice of parameter $A$ between $10^4$ and $10^9$.}
\label{fig:mod_1}
\end{figure}
Since in the modulator scenario the light field $\chi$ no longer generates the primordial curvature spectrum, the ratio $\bar{\chi}/H$ is no longer fixed and hence becomes a free parameter. In this work we are particularly interested in the region where $\bar{\chi}/H$ is larger than 1 to use Eq.~\ref{eq:chislowroll} directly. Therefore the parameter space we shall have an additional dimension compared to the curvaton case. If we fix $\mu$ to be $\lesssim 1$ which is required to have enough NG, we can scan through the parameter space. We show the result of scans in both direct coupling and derivative coupling in Fig.~\ref{fig:mod_1}. In both panels, the whole allowed regions can provide enough $\sigma$ DM ($f_\sigma=1$) with a proper choice of parameter $A$ between $10^4$ and $10^9$. For direct coupling case it would be very hard to give a large NG signal without extreme fine tunings. The reason is due to the fact that only 2 parameters: the coupling $\lambda$ and the ratio $\bar{\chi}/H$ controls the strength of NG signals. Instead, for the derivative coupling case, a much larger NG signal can be achieved without much fine tuning ($\mu\gtrsim 0.1$).
\section{Conclusion and Outlook}\label{summary}
We propose a mechanism that a light spectator field can leave nontrivial observation signals via its interaction between gravitationally produced heavy DM. The minimal model consists of an inflaton $\phi$, a massive field $\sigma$ and a light field $\chi$. The conclusion is largely inflation model independent as all non-trivial interactions happens inside the $\sigma$-$\chi$ sector and the inflaton $\phi$ only acts as a background field. Specifically we consider two types of well-motivated couplings, direct coupling and derivative one. For both type of couplings the primordial three-point and four-point correlation functions of the light field $\chi$ mediated by the heavy DM field $\sigma$ are calculated. The $Z_2$ symmetry that protects $\sigma$ demands that such interactions can only present at loop level, indicating suppressed NG signals. However, large enough signal can still appear with proper $m_\sigma$ and derivative couplings.
The first case we propose is the well-known curvaton scenario, where the curvature perturbation we observe today are dominated by $\chi$. The current matter isocurvature observations strongly constraints the $\sigma$ heavy DM relic density. Therefore in this scenario we consider the curvature NG introduced by $\chi$ after it decays to radiation. The curvaton-heavy DM derivative interaction still leads to measurable clock signals while the direct coupling cannot provide enough NG.
In another scenario in which $\chi$ energy density and power spectrum is always sub-dominant, it is difficult to measure $\chi$ properties via curvature perturbations. However, the $\sigma$ heavy DM production is sensitive to $\chi$ field values during the inflationary era. Consequently, the matter isocurvature mode keeps the imprints of the primordial $\chi$ field configuration. The result of both types of couplings are shown.
We will leave other intermediate cases to future studies.
In this work, we have focused on relatively simple cases. There can be many possibilities to further enhance the signal, including symmetry breaking, chemical potential, multiple dark matter particles with different masses, and so on. It would be interesting to explore these possibilities.
\section*{Acknowledgements}
We would like to thank Tomohiro Nakama for useful discussions. SL and YW were supported in part by GRF Grants 16301917, 16304418 and 16303819 from the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong. The work of SZ was supported in part by the Swedish Research Council under grants number 2015-05333 and 2018-03803.
| indirect detection bounds, as current indirect detection constraints based on DM annihilation are unable to put constraints on weakly interacting DM ($\left\langle \sigma v \right\rangle \lesssim 10^{-26}$~cm$^3$/s) with mass heavier than $\mathcal{O}(10)$~GeV~\cite{Slatyer:2015jla}.
On the contrary, during the reheating or early stage of radiation domination, the thermal bath can create more $\sigma$ via the mediation of $\chi$. As a result, the constraint on thermal interaction put an upper limit for $\lambda$ if we want to ensure that most $\sigma$ are created by gravity and henceforth $\delta\rho_\sigma$ can carry information of $\chi$ fluctuation rather than that of radiation. In the minimal case, radiation are SM like and massless, created by inflaton decays and interact with $\chi$, allowing the later to decay eventually. The $\chi-$radiation interaction coupling (assuming massless fermions) is then $\sim\mathcal{O}(\sqrt{\Gamma_\chi/m_\chi})\ll 1$. The mass radiation then couples to $\sigma$ in the presence of $\bar{\chi}$ via the effective coupling:
\begin{equation}
\lambda_{\sigma r}\sim\lambda \frac{\sqrt{16\pi m_\chi \Gamma_\chi} \bar{\chi}}{ T^2- m_\chi^2}~.
\label{eq:backreaction}
\end{equation}
As long as $\lambda_ {\sigma r} \ll 1$, the thermal production of $\sigma$ would be suppressed, which is usually satisfied according to our numerical results. Moreover, there are other scenarios where the thermal production of $\sigma$ is further suppressed\footnote{One example is the case that $\chi$ and radiation is not directly coupled. In this scenario, $\chi$ firstly decay to a sector weakly coupled to radiation and the later further decays to radiation. Consequently the radiation created during reheating is not interacting with $\chi$ at leading order.}. For simplicity, here we assume that the constraint of $\lambda_ {\sigma r} \ll 1$ is always satisfied and gravity dominates $\sigma$ production.
\section{Isocurvature Fluctuations During Inflation}\label{iso}
In this section, we consider the NG of $\delta\chi$ during inflation. We consider bispectrum in Section~\ref{bispectrum} and trispectrum in Section~\ref{trispectrum}. We mainly focus on the clock signals which we can use to probe the mass of the superheavy dark matter.
\subsection{Bispectrum}\label{bispectrum}
The second order action of the primordial curvature perturbation can be written down following the procedure in~\cite{Chen:2010xka,Wang:2013eqj}
\begin{align}
S_\zeta = M_p^2 \int d t \frac{d^3 k}{(2\pi)^3} \epsilon (a^3 \dot\zeta^2 - k^2 a \zeta^2)~.
\end{align}
Quantizing it in the following way
\begin{align}
\zeta_{\mathbf k} & = u_k c_{\mathbf k} + u_k^* c^\dagger_{-\mathbf k} ~,
\end{align}
where $c^\dagger_{\mathbf k}$, $c_{\mathbf k}$ are the creation and annihilation operators satisfying
the usual commutation relations $ [c_{\mathbf k}, c^\dagger_{\mathbf p}] = (2\pi)^3 \delta^{(3)} (\mathbf k - \mathbf p) $. The mode function satisfies the following equation of motion
\begin{align}
\ddot \zeta +(3+\eta) H \dot \zeta +\frac{k^2}{a^2} \zeta = 0~.
\end{align}
To the lowest order in slow roll parameter, the solution is
\begin{align}
u_k (\tau) = \frac{H}{2\sqrt{\epsilon} M_{\rm pl}} \frac{1}{k^{3/2} } (1+i k \tau) e^{-i k \tau}~.
\end{align}
Using the Schwinger-Keldysh formalism, the Feynman diagram on the left hand side of Figure~\ref{bispectrumchichichi} is evaluated as
\begin{align} \nonumber
& \langle \delta\chi_{\mathbf k_1} \delta\chi_{\mathbf k_2} \delta\chi_{\mathbf k_3} \rangle'_{(2)} = \frac{1}{2} (i \lambda)^2 \bar\chi \sum_{a,b=\pm} ab \int \frac{d \tau_1}{(-H\tau_1)^4} \frac{d \tau_2}{(-H\tau_2)^4} G_a (k_1;\tau_2) G_a (k_2;\tau_2) G_b (k_3;\tau_1) \\ \label{threepointcorrelationofchi}
& \times \int \frac{d^3 \mathbf p}{(2\pi)^3} \int \frac{d^3 \mathbf q}{(2\pi)^3} (2\pi)^3 \delta^{(3)} (\mathbf p+\mathbf q- \mathbf k_3) D_{ab} (p,\tau_1,\tau_2) D_{ab} (q,\tau_1,\tau_2) ~,
\end{align}
where the subscript $(2)$ denotes the number of interaction vertices. This type of integral in the squeezed limit $k_1\simeq k_2\gg k_3$ is well-known~\cite{Arkani-Hamed:2015bza,Chen:2016nrs,Chua:2018dqh,Li:2019ves,Lu:2019tjj} and the details are collected in Appendix.~\ref{loopdetails}. Eq.~\eqref{threepointcorrelationofchi} is then evaluated as
\begin{align}
& \langle \delta\chi_{\mathbf k_1}\delta \chi_{\mathbf k_2} \delta\chi_{\mathbf k_3} \rangle'_{(2)} = -\frac{1}{2} \lambda^2 \bar\chi \frac{1}{ \pi^4 } \frac{H^2}{64 k_1^3 k_1^3 } \bigg[ C_{\text{bi}}(\mu) \bigg(\frac{k_3 }{2 k_1}\bigg)^{-2i\mu} +\text{c.c.} \bigg] ~,
\end{align}
where
\begin{align}
C_{\text{bi}}(\mu)= \mu^{-2} (2-i\mu) \Gamma^2 (2-2 i \mu ) \Gamma^2(i\mu) \Gamma^2(\frac{3}{2}-i\mu) \Gamma(4i\mu-4) \sin(2i\mu\pi)\sin^2(i\mu\pi) ~.
\label{cbispectrum}
\end{align}
The right hand side of Figure~\ref{bispectrumchichichi} is only differed from the Feynman diagram on the left by a factor of $2 \lambda \bar\chi^2/H^2$. So the total contribution to the bispectrum is
\begin{align}
& \langle \delta\chi_{\mathbf k_1} \delta\chi_{\mathbf k_2} \delta\chi_{\mathbf k_3} \rangle' = \bigg(1+\frac{2\lambda \bar \chi^2}{H^2}\bigg) \frac{-\lambda^2 \bar\chi H^2}{128 \pi^4 k_1^6 } \bigg[ C_{\text{bi}}(\mu) \bigg(\frac{k_3 }{2 k_1}\bigg)^{-2i\mu} +\text{c.c.} \bigg] ~.
\end{align}
We can replace the interaction vertices in Figure~\ref{bispectrumchichichi} to derivative couplings, resulting in a similar integration:
\begin{align} \nonumber
& \langle \delta\chi_{\mathbf k_1} \delta\chi_{\mathbf k_2} \delta\chi_{\mathbf k_3} \rangle'_{(2)} = \frac{1}{2} (i \lambda_2)^2 \dot{\bar\chi} \sum_{a,b=\pm} ab \int \frac{d \tau_1}{(-H\tau_1)^3} \frac{d \tau_2}{(-H\tau_2)^2} G^\prime_a (k_1;\tau_2) G^\prime_a (k_2;\tau_2) G^\prime_b (k_3;\tau_1) \\ \label{threepointcorrelationofchid}
& \times \int \frac{d^3 \mathbf p}{(2\pi)^3} \int \frac{d^3 \mathbf q}{(2\pi)^3} (2\pi)^3 \delta^{(3)} (\mathbf p+\mathbf q- \mathbf k_3) D_{ab} (p,\tau_1,\tau_2) D_{ab} (q,\tau_1,\tau_2) ~,
\end{align}
where the subscript $(2)$ denotes the number of interaction vertices. Similar to the calculations in the direct coupling case, in the squeezed limit $k_1\simeq k_2\gg k_3$, \eqref{threepointcorrelationofchid} and combine it with the integration of another diagram as:
\begin{align}
\langle \delta\chi_{\mathbf k_1} \delta\chi_{\mathbf k_2} \delta\chi_{\mathbf k_3} \rangle' = \bigg(1+\frac{2\lambda_2 \dot{\bar \chi}^2}{H^2}\bigg) \frac{-\lambda_2^2 \dot{\bar\chi}H^5}{256 \pi^4 k_1^6} \bigg[ C_{\text{bi}}^d(\mu) \bigg(\frac{k_3 }{2 k_1}\bigg)^{-2i\mu} +\text{c.c.} \bigg] ~.
\end{align}
where the loop suppression factor for derivative coupling
\begin{align}
C_{\text{bi}}^d(\mu)=\Gamma(2-2 i \mu )\Gamma(4-2 i \mu ) \Gamma^2(i\mu) \Gamma^2(\frac{3}{2}-i\mu)\Gamma(4i\mu-4) \sin(2i\mu\pi)\sin^2(i\mu\pi) ~.
\label{cbispectrumd}
\end{align}
\begin{figure}[h!]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=5cm]{chi3pt2int.pdf} \quad
\includegraphics[width=5cm]{chi3pt3int.pdf}
\caption{The diagrams that contributes to $\langle \delta\chi \delta \chi \delta \chi \rangle$.} \label{bispectrumchichichi}
\end{figure}
\subsection{Trispectrum}\label{trispectrum}
To calculate the trispectrum we consider the leading contributions from the 4-point diagrams plotted in Figure~\ref{trispectrumchichichi}. The contribution from the first diagram reads:
\begin{align} \nonumber
& \langle \delta\chi_{\mathbf k_1} \delta\chi_{\mathbf k_2} \delta\chi_{\mathbf k_ | 2,762 |
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New Social Security Scam
Identity theft is one of the fastest growing crimes in America. A dishonest person who has your Social Security number can use it to get other personal information about you causing a lot of problems. On today's MoneyWise live, hosts Steve Moore and Rob West discuss this disturbing trend and ways to safeguard your finances. Don't miss this timely advice on MoneyWise Live at 4pm Eastern/3pm Central on Moody Radio.
The Sound Mind Investing Handbook
Many excellent books teach God's principles of finance. Perhaps one or more of them has helped you lay a strong biblical foundation for carrying out your money management responsibilities. But as you try to apply those principles to making real-life investing decisions, it's easy to feel overwhelmed by jargon and the sheer number of investment possibilities.
Sound Mind Investing is a carefully created "next step"<|fim_middle|>Wise Minute. Rob also serves as the President and spokesperson of Kingdom Advisors, an international community of financial professionals who are specialists in delivering biblically wise financial advice. Rob has dedicated his professional career to work at the intersection of faith and finance having led a successful faith-based financial services firm and speaking frequently on the topic. Rob and his wife, Julie, live in Marietta, GA with their four children.
Steve Moore enjoyed a brief career in the music industry before trading in his drum sticks for a microphone. He worked in commercial and public radio, then joined Larry Burkett at Christian Financial Concepts, helping to grow the radio network to more than 1,200 stations. He started MoneyWise with Howard Dayton in 2011. Steve and his wife, Marcia, live in Gainesville, GA and have two grown children.
Fresh, relevant, and fun, MoneyWise Live is a daily radio program to help listeners manage their finances in a way that pleases God. Join Rob West and Steve Moore for listener interaction, expert guests, and sound advice. | guide that helps you put Godly principles of finance in motion. Whether you're a beginner or an experienced investor, you'll benefit from stepping across this bridge between "theory" and "action". Each user-friendly lesson is written in everyday English and filled with helpful visual aids.
Rob West
Rob West is the host of the nationally syndicated radio programs MoneyWise Live and The Money | 77 |
2018 Aston Martin Vantage G<|fim_middle|> to the GTE series. Changes are also made to the major mechanical components, with Alcon brakes, Ohlins suspension, and Michelin tyres bolted up. There's also a stripped out cabin with a full roll cage and all of the necessary safety measures to keep the driver safe and secure.
The new Vantage GTE will replace the Le Mans-winning V8 Vantage GTE, ready to compete in the World Endurance Championship next year.
Aston Martin Vantage, Aston Martin Vantage GTE
2018 Aston Martin Vantage previewed, to debut in November October 29, 2017
2018 Aston Martin Vantage Volante convertible rendered November 24, 2017
New Aston Martin Vantage production commences May 20, 2018
Aston Martin Vantage AMR revealed, 200 being made May 1, 2019 | TE is ready for racing
Brett Davis Nov 22, 2017
Aston Martin, Motorsport
If you love the new Aston Martin Vantage (how can you not?), then you should also love the new Vantage GTE racing version. It was revealed shortly after the road-going model.
The racing version looks similarly as stunning as the regular model but most of the body lines are amplified by crazy aero parts. At the front there's a deep intake and low splitter system, much wider side skirts extending from the standard items, while around at the back is a chunky-as-hell diffuser and massive rear wing.
This is all part of the package that helps the Vantage GTE suck to the tarmac at high speeds, making it perfect for FIA GTE-class racing. Aston Martin says that over 13,000km in testing has already been completed, gathering lots and lots of valuable data for the engineers to work with.
All of the work, including the design and engineering, was carried out at Aston Martin Racing's headquarters in Banbury, UK, with the project led by technical director Dan Sayers. In a recent statement, he said:
"Designing and developing this new car has been an extremely satisfying process. We've collaborated closely with Aston Martin's Gaydon headquarters to develop the road and race cars in parallel. Attention to detail has been a priority at every step of this process and we've made big improvements in each area of the car."
Under the bonnet, power comes from a 4.0-litre twin-turbo V8 like in the regular Vantage. However, various changes have been made so it conforms | 347 |
Setting yourself up for personal financial success isn't always easy. Learn these 1<|fim_middle|> those questions, then come up with a better approach you could have used in that situation. Then, visualize yourself actually using that better approach. Imagine yourself going through that situation where you made the mistake, but doing it right instead. Let that run through your head over and over again for a while and you'll find that you're much more likely to handle that speed bump well going forward.
These rules are a starting point for creating a set of life behaviors that will lead to long-term financial success. They're not magic recipes that will instantly make you rich. Rather, they'll set you on a different trajectory, one that gradually points you in a better direction without requiring major upheavals of your life. Personal finance success is a long march, and it's all about taking good steps.
Article copyright 2018 by The Simple Dollar. Reprinted from the December 22, 2018 issue with permission from The Simple Dollar. | 1 simple rules that will help you manage your personal finances.
The real secret to personal finance isn't some sort of financial arcana. It isn't finding some loophole or discovering some magical "system" that will get your life in order.
Rather, it's about following straightforward principles day in and day out that inevitably guide you to a better financial state.
Here are 11 rules for practical day-to-day living that will help set you on a good financial path if you follow them carefully.
Rule #1: If you haven't used it in the last 12 months, sell it or otherwise get rid of it. This simple rule solves a bunch of problems all at once.
First, it keeps you from accumulating too much stuff. Many people live in houses that feel overfilled with stuff simply because they hang on to things that they somehow convince themselves that they "like" but yet never touch for years and years while those things sit on shelves or in closets or in garages gathering dust. If you're not using something within a year, it's not something you really love.
Second, this cycle of getting rid of unused things ensures that you get rid of items while they still have value. Something that's been in storage for a year or 2 likely still has value. Something that's been sitting around for a decade probably doesn't have a whole lot of value anymore. It's better to be able to put that money to work paying off debt than having it sit in your closet gathering dust.
One good way to do this is to make this a routine once or twice a year. Empty out your closet and get rid of everything you're sure you haven't touched in a year. If you're not sure, put a piece of masking tape on it and draw a big "X" on the tape (or put everything in a box and draw a big "X" on the box). Next time you clean, anything in the "X" box or with "X" masking tape on it can be sold off without worry.
Rule #2: If you have a use for something, borrow it first. If it's at all possible, try borrowing something before buying it. See if a friend has it and you can borrow it for a while. Check it out from the library. Go to a community event and try it out a few times.
This isn't always possible, of course, but you should strive to make it happen if you can.
Remember, a demonstration doesn't count as actually using something. Anything can look great in the hands of a salesperson. Focus on whether or not you actually have a use for the item.
Rule #3: If you've borrowed something and see yourself actually wanting to own it, start with a low-end version. Start with a version from a secondhand store. Start with a version bought off Craigslist. Start with the store brand version. Use that version and see whether or not it becomes a regular use item for you before you invest in a high-quality version.
The reason is that, if you're buying something new that's not a regular use item for you, you can't be certain that you will use it enough to get the value out of what you paid for it. It's only through repeated use that an item returns value to you. So, until you're sure of that time and use commitment, you're better off with a low-end version.
I often do this with books. If I read a book from the library that I like and want for reference or to potentially read again in the future, I'll start looking for a used copy or put it on my Kindle discount watch list so I can pick it up if it goes on sale. I'm also very active in used board game trading—in fact, I joke that most of the board games I own are actually "rented" because if they don't click, I'll trade it away.
Rule #4: Whenever you're about to spend money on anything, stop for 10 seconds and ask yourself whether you absolutely must have it right this second, and if not, put it down (or leave the website without a purchase) for now. This doesn't mean you won't ever buy it, just that you're putting it off for now and thinking about it a little more.
That simple rule, if constantly applied, brushes off a lot of unnecessary purchases. The key is to actually apply it seriously and consistently. You need to get into the routine of thinking about everything you're going to buy in this way so that if it's not essential (or part of a planned splurge or part of a "free spending" segment of your budget), you're in the routine of just putting it back and not buying it.
It's important to note that it's usually a good idea to avoid sales unless there's something specific you're planning to buy already. The fact that "it's on sale" is often used as an easy justification to buy something that's nowhere near a need.
Rule #5: Whenever you put something down because of Rule #4, wait a month and see if you still want it. I'll often write down the item for further reflection later and then perhaps research it a bit online. What I find is that if I give it a few days, most items fade pretty quickly and I'll either completely forget about it or I'll find that I don't want it (and often wonder why I even did want it).
This is a good use for a note-taking app on your phone or (my preferred method) a pocket notebook. Just write down what that item is that you were thinking about and it'll subconsciously feel like you "took action" regarding that desire, so it'll take the edge off of the desire to buy it immediately. Plus, it gives you that reference point to look it up later.
Rule #6: If you still want something after a month, start carefully shopping around for it—after all, you've waited a month, what's a few more weeks of looking for a great price on it? If an item is still on my mind after a month, that's the point at which I'll start shopping around for it. I'll start looking for it used if it's an item I haven't owned before (like rule #3), or if it's a replacement, I'll heavily research which item I want and start shopping around for it.
Both of those paths take a little bit of time, but they both save a lot of money. The thing is, if I've already waited for a month to buy that item, waiting another few weeks to find it at the right price and to make sure I'm getting the right model is not a big deal.
Rule #7: If you want to save for a big goal, make that savings automatic—ideally, have it taken straight out of your paycheck. It is very unlikely you'll miss it. There's a pretty simple principle that guides a lot of our human existence: the path of least resistance. In almost everything we do, we tend to choose the option that offers the least overall resistance—it takes the least amount of effort when everything is considered (there are some exceptions, but they're usually related to a personal passion).
What this means is that if your savings plan requires you to constantly take action to maintain it, you're very likely to eventually fall off the wagon with it. The best way to make progress toward any financial goal is to automate it, so that all payments and deposits are made automatically and you actually have to make an effort to stop it.
Sign up for your 401(k) at work and turn on automatic payments. Start a Roth IRA and do the same. Set up an automatic extra credit card payment through your online bill pay. Set up an automatic small weekly transfer from your checking to your savings to build up an emergency fund.
"But I barely make ends meet as it is!" A funny thing happens when you start automating. You find that you start to adjust your spending to match what's left in your checking account because there's less resistance to doing that than dealing with overdrafts. It doesn't happen immediately, but it does happen.
Rule #8: It's almost always cheaper to do it for yourself. If it seems hard, it's almost always because you just need to do it several times to build the basic skills. This is true for everything from cooking meals, to sewing on a button, to changing oil, to dealing with a clogged toilet—and many, many other things. In each of those cases, it can be tempting to throw your hands up and just hire someone to do those things because they seem more challenging than they're worth. Go to a restaurant or get takeout or delivery. Take a shirt to a tailor. Go pay for an oil change. Call a plumber.
The problem is that those choices are expensive and they really start to add up, plus the tasks really aren't all that complicated. They only seem complicated and hard because it's a skill you haven't practiced yet; the more you practice that skill, the easier it gets, and the less of an obstacle that task presents.
The solution is obvious, too: just take on those simple tasks as often as possible, even if it seems hard. Make lots of meals. Sew on those buttons. Do your own oil change. Figure out how to fix the minor toilet issue.
Once you do those things enough times, they cease to seem scary and hard and they no longer feel like a lot of work. They're not intimidating anymore and your skills will have risen to the point where it really isn't much work anymore.
For example, I feel almost no reason to go to a restaurant because it's more efficient to make something at home. My meals at home are usually tastier and far less expensive. For me, eating out happens for special occasions.
Rule #9: Money doesn't buy happiness. If you're unhappy, throwing money at the problem won't solve it. Many people end up buying things to make themselves feel better—"retail therapy" is quite a thing, and people often do it with small perks, too.
The catch, of course, is that the little burst of joy you might get from trying to "buy" happiness never lasts. It fades surprisingly quickly and then you're back where you started, except with less money (you might also now own an ill-considered item or 2).
If you're feeling unhappy in the moment, find a mood-raising outlet that doesn't cost money. I go for a walk in the woods or meditate or write in my journal or curl up with a book.
The more important approach, though, is to put in effort to cultivate a life that naturally bubbles with joy. Make sure your mental health is in order. Get regular exercise. Build lots of strong relationships. Put aside blocks of time for things you care about. Do things for others on a consistent basis. Those are the building blocks of a happy life, not a shopping trip or some coffee.
Rule #10: The personal finance success you want isn't going to be easy, and it's not going to come tomorrow. You're going to have to work for it. You're going to have to be patient. Each day is a few steps in a long journey. Evaluate your financial success and financial progress each month or, even better, each year, rather than each day. Using the other 9 rules in this article consistently in your life will make a profound effect on your finances, but the results won't be obvious immediately. It will take at least a month or 2 to even see an impact in your checking account, and you won't start seeing big results in terms of paying off debt or building up a nice balance in an account for several months.
That's why it's important to judge your behavior on a daily basis and your results on a much less frequent basis—monthly at most and ideally quarterly or annually. Your success on a daily basis is measured on your choices. Your success on a long-term basis is signified by the results of those choices.
Don't get the 2 confused or you'll be disheartened. If you weigh yourself after a week of dieting, you'll be depressed. If you check your account balances after 3 weeks of good financial moves, you'll be bummed out. Instead, pride yourself on changes in your daily behavior and strive to keep it going. Look at actual results later.
Rule #11: If you're trying to succeed at one of the other rules and mess up, don't beat yourself up over it. Tomorrow is another day. Instead, ask yourself seriously where you went wrong and spend some time visualizing yourself doing it right the next time. Although it's absolutely true that you should be measuring short-term success on your behavior, you're asking for failure if you demand nothing short of perfection from yourself. You will make mistakes. You will fall short. You will make the wrong choice sometimes.
The key is what you do when you fall short. Don't beat yourself up over it. Instead, step back and ask yourself why you went wrong. Why did you make this mistake? What conditions were present? What feelings were running through you? What can you do otherwise when that situation comes up again? How can you nip those feelings and those situations in the bud so you're not in that situation again?
Consider | 2,738 |
Turn and Press: Etsy finds: Tote Bag Inspiration!
Etsy finds: Tote Bag Inspiration!
In honor of Tote Bag Month here at Turn and Press and at Learning to<|fim_middle|> made from a mixture of coordinating Amy Butler fabrics, along with natural linen.
And finally, the Sunday Brunch Wool Tote by bobishi is made of wool with blanket-stitched felt circles, vinyl handles, and a sparkly print fabric inside.
Thank you to all these wonderful artists for letting me show their work!
Thanks for the inspiration - I was totally thinking today that I'm probably gonna embellish my bag with a pocket and some embroidery or somethin'. | Sew, I've put together a tote bag roundup with a few of my favorites from etsy.
The great thing about tote bags, apart from their usefulness of course, is that they are simple enough in shape and construction that they can easily be embellished in all sorts of different ways. It crossed my mind that some people who are participating in the April Simul-Sew might want to jazz up their tote bags a bit, so by way of inspiration, I bring you these creatively embellished tote bags.
A Happy Accident Bag from my happy accidents is embellished with a variety of ribbons, an oversized button, and embroidery hoop handles.
MABbyMorgan layered an appliqued Asian print fabric and sewed felt circles onto this Black and Red Cherry Blossom Tote.
Chingstote used iron-on heat transfer images to enliven the 3 Zebras Long Shopping Canvas Tote Bag.
The hand screenprinted Natural Canvas Tote with Orange Landmass and a Swallow has been sold but click here to visit appetite's shop.
Also screenprinted by hand, the Keep Calm and Carry On Shopping Tote Bag was inspired by World War II posters.
Raeburnink screenprinted a series of tote bags - like this I Heart Japan Tote - with images from her own photos of her trip to Japan.
The Linen Window Tote with Vintage Feedsack Patchwork from jcasa is appliqued and then quilted around the applique in a pattern inspired by stained-glass windows.
The Amy Butler Linen Bookbag Tote from susiescountrygarden is | 323 |
Winter Haven real estate company given the OK to fly drones
Home » Winter Haven real estate company given the OK to fly drones
WINTER HAVEN (FOX 13) – By: Josh Cascio, FOX 13 News
"When I get it back and get it on the computer I am amazed at how good it looks," said Caleb McDow. McDow is a sales associate for Crosby<|fim_middle|>.
PrevPreviousFlorida REALTOR® Caleb McDow Authorized to Fly Commercial Drone
NextHENDRY & COLLIER COUNTY AUCTION: SOLD 9/17/2015Next | and Associates Inc., a Winter Haven based agricultural real estate company.
"We help clients buy and sell row crop land, citrus, pasture land, he said. And he hopes his drone will help sales soar sky high.
He was recently granted an exemption by the FAA to use drones for commercial purposes. It's relatively rare, only about 1000 have been granted nationwide and just over 40 here in Florida.
"Sometimes when we go out there there's areas we can't get to due to muddy ground or whatever and we can fly the drone over and get a better look at it," McDow explained.
He says when flown responsibly drones are pretty safe. He says they are the wave of the future.
"The skies aren't going to be swarming with drones within the next 5 to 10 years it's going to be introduced safely," he added.
McDow is a licensed pilot. He says the company went after the FAA exemption to separate itself from the competition | 200 |
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Home / Do It Yourself / Easy Science Projects / How to projects / Tangent Galvanometer - How to Make a Tangent Galvanometer
Tangent Galvanometer - How to Make a Tangent Galvan<|fim_middle|> Yourself Easy Science Projects How to projects | ometer
Secure a piece of wood 1/2 in. thick and cut out a ring with an outside diameter of 10-1/2 in. and an inside diameter of 9 in. and glue to each side two other rings 1/4 in. thick with the same inside diameter as the first ring and 11 in. outside diameter, thus forming a 1/4-in. channel in the circumference of the ring. If a lathe is at hand this ring can be made from a solid piece and the channel turned out. Cut another circular piece 11 in. in diameter for a base. Make a hole in the center of this piece 1 in. wide and 6-5/16 in. long, into which the ring first made should fit so that its inner surface is just even with the upper surface of the baseboard. The ring is held upright in the hole by a small strip screwed to the base as shown. All screws and brads that are used must be of brass. The cutting of these circular pieces is not so difficult if a band saw driven by power is used. They can be cut by means of a key-hole saw if a band saw is not accessible.
Before mounting the ring on the base, the groove should be wound with 8 turns of No. 16 double cotton-covered magnet wire. The two ends may be tied together with a string to hold them temporarily.
Fasten two strips of wood 1/4-in. thick 5/8-in. wide and 11 in. long across the sides of the ring with their upper edges passing exactly through the center of the ring. An ordinary pocket compass, about 1-1/4 in. in diameter, is fitted in these strips so that the center of the needle or pointer will be exactly in the center of the ring and its zero point mark at the half-way point between the two strips. Put the ring in place on the base, as shown in the sketch, and connect the two ends of the wire to two binding-posts that are previously attached to the base. Coat the entire surface with brown shellac. Any deviation from the dimensions will cause errors in the results obtained by its use.
Remove all pieces of iron or steel and especially magnets in the near vicinity of the instrument when in use. Place the galvanometer on a level table and turn it until the needle, pointing north and south, and swinging freely, lies exactly in the plane of the coil, as shown in the cut. The needle then will point to zero if the directions have been followed closely.
Tangent Galvanometer
Connect one cell of battery to the instrument and allow the current to flow through the coils. The needle of the compass will be deflected to one side or the other, and will finally come to rest at a certain angle-let us say 45 deg. The dimensions of the instrument are such that when the deflection is 45 deg. the current flowing through the coils upon the ring is 1/2 ampere. The ampere is the unit chosen to designate the strength of the electric current. For other angles the value of the current may be found from the following table:
Angles Degrees Current Amperes
10 .088
As the magnetic force that acts upon a magnet needle varies in different places the values given for the current will not be true in all parts of the country. The table gives correct values for the immediate vicinity of Chicago and that part of the United States lying east of Chicago, and north of the Ohio river. The results given should be multiplied by 1.3 for places south of the Ohio river and east of the Mississippi.
Excerpt from the book:
THE BOY MECHANIC
700 THINGS FOR BOYS TO DO
WITH 800 ILLUSTRATIONS
1913, BY H. H. WINDSOR CHICAGO
POPULAR MECHANICS CO. PUBLISHERS
Do It | 823 |
In Scout Network you choose!
Scout Network is the fifth section of the Scouting family and is open to<|fim_middle|> opportunities they enjoyed through their Scouting journey.
Scout Network Members take part in a variety of activities in Richmondshire, which they organise and undertake themselves under the leadership of a District Scout Network Commissioner. | anyone who is 18 to 25 and still wants to enjoy Scouting. Members of the Scout Network wear a full adult uniform, when it is appropriate, which consists of a stone coloured shirt, navy trousers / skirt and a necker.
Scout Network members set their own programs which they plan and undertake themselves with the support and guidance of a Scout Network Commissioner. These include all the usual great Scouting activities such as camping, hiking, kayaking, climbing, orienteering, as well as work on projects helping to support the local community. Network members can also get more closely involved in working with the younger Sections and providing them with the same kind of | 135 |
14 nights cruise in Europe
with Marina
Amsterdam (Netherlands),London (Tilbury) (United Kingdom),Paris (Le Havre) (France),St.Malo (France),Bordeaux,Bordeaux,Bilbao,Ferrol (Galicia) (Spain),Oporto (Portugal),Lisbon (Portugal),Seville (Cadiz),Malaga (Spain),Barcelona (Spain)
The picturesque and colorful Malaga is located along the southern coast of Spain in the foothills of the Montes de Malaga Park. Renowned for its production of raisins, Malaga is also Picasso's birthplace and the site hosting one of the oldest ports in the Mediterranean.
Amsterdam is a beautiful town with the advantages of a big city. It offers many opportunities of nightlife, excellent museums and famous sights. Waterways cross the city and give a sense of romance . Amsterdam has bike lanes, so a bike ride is the ideal way to explore the city.
Famous for its unique atmosphere and cultural interest, Barcelona is one of the most vivid cities in Europe. Stroll along Las Ramblas, explore the cobbled streets of the Gothic section or visit the unfinished masterpiece of Gaudí, the Sagrada Familia. Alternatively, go on a bike tour through the old town and along the beach. Go for a walk in the park Guell Gaudi, a truly amazing oasis of plants, trees and buildings. Do not miss the Picasso Gallery, with more than 2000 works of the artist.
Bilbao is a municipality and city in Spain, the capital of the province of Biscay in the autonomous community of the Basque Country. With a population of 353,187 as of 2010,it is the largest city of its autonomous community and the tenth largest in Spain. With roughly 1 million inhabitants, Bilbao lies within one of the most populous metropolitan areas in northern Spain. The Bilbao metropolitan area includes the comarca of Greater Bilbao (875,552) plus satellite towns, ranking the fifth largest in Spain.
Βordeaux, France goes relatively unnoticed by tourists, but they are missing out on a thriving city filled with shops, amazing historic attractions and nestled in the heart of wine country.Bordeaux, France boasts vinotherapie (wine therapy) spas. It has a large and charming pedestrian zone. Find out more about visiting luscious and lovely Bordeaux, France.A youthful verve is present in Bordeaux, and there are numerous sidewalk cafés and bars. The food here is divine, pairing perfectly with the fabulous Bordeaux wines. Bordeaux is, quite simply, luscious, lively and lovel. Vordeaux first became associated with wine in the first century A.D., and is best known today for its incredible vintages. There are almost endless delights for the wine connoisseur
Seville (Cadiz)
Seville is the artistic, cultural, and financial capital of southern Spain. It is also the capital of the community of Andalusia and is the fourth largest metropolitan area of Spain.
Seville is divided into two parts by the river Guadalquivir. On one side stands the historic center of the city with numerous attractions (Cathedral, Alcazar, Plaza de Espana, etc.), while on the other side is the picturesque area Triana, with long musical tradition in flamenco.
Ferrol (Galicia), Spain
Ferrol is a city in the Province of A Coruna in Galicia, located on the Atlantic coast in north-western Spain. The city has been a major naval shipbuilding centre for most of its history, being the capital of the Spanish Navy's Maritime Department of the North since the time of the early Bourbons. Before that, in the 17th century, Ferrol was the most important arsenal in Europe. The existence of prehistoric human settlements in this Galician city is backed up by the abundance of burial chambers, megalithic monuments as well as Petroglyphs and other archaeological findings. The Phoenicians established in this area different dried and salted cod stations and their presence together with the presence of the Ancient Greeks is well documented by historians like Herodotus amongst others.
London (Tilbury), United Kingdom
In this town you can have a great day out and go back in time!
Tilbury is a town in the borough of Thurrock, Essex, England. As a settlement it is of relatively recent existence, although it has important historical connections, being the location of a 16th-century fort and an ancient cross-river ferry. It is also the location of a modern deep-water port.This town is very famous due to the fact that many episodes of tv series took place here!Tourists can visit the original Guardhouse, Chapel and Gatehouse buildings.Tilbury Fort is possibly the finest example of a bastioned 17th Century artillery fortress in the Britsh Isles.
Paris (Le Havre), France
At the mouth of the river Seine you will find Le Havre, a French port that will amaze you once you set your foot in it. It is said that from here one can listen Paris and see the coast of Normandy.
Discover the captivating views of the city and harbor from the Alto do Parque Belvedere Park. Take a bike and go for a walk along the beautiful Atlantic Ocean. See the fascinating marine life to the aquarium in Lisbon. Visit the charming village of Fatima, where is said that Virgin Mary had been seen by many people. Visit the St George Kasteo with multimedia reports of the city's history and breathtaking views of Lisbon and the Tagus River.
Porto is one of the oldest European centres and the second largest city in<|fim_middle|> wine or surfing the Internet is both convenient and affordable. Every moment spent on an Oceania Cruises voyage confirms that this is Your World. Your Way.
MID - SIZE SHIPS
Mid-size holds great benefits Once you sail one of our mid-size ships, you will never settle for anything less, nor will you ever again be satisfied with anything more in regard to size. Our ships cater to just 684 pampered guests on Regatta, Insignia and Nautica and 1,250 privileged guest on Marina and Riviera. Warmth and conviviality come naturally. Elegance and grace are given. The ambiance is exceptionally relaxed and personal as we singularly focus on your individual desires. Consequently, service standards soar, guests easily develop a rapport with staff and fellow guests, and the friendships only deepen as the days pass effortlessly.
All the elements for bliss Being mid-size even facilitates going ashore, as our ships can slip into boutique ports off-limits to larger vessels. Of course, the fact that our ships are mid-size positively influences every aspect of the onboard experience. With no need to rush, stand in endless lines or worry about crowds, you can savour the defining elements that make our ships so special. Our cuisine, "the finest at sea", is carefully prepared a la minute. Appointments for spa services are readily available in the relaxing Canyon Ranch SpaClub. A comfortable chaise always awaits should you decide to lounge by the pool. Life just seems to proceed at a more courteous pace.
SHIPS' SPECIFICATIONS - MARINA & RIVIERA
Year Built: Marina 2011, Riviera 2012 / Gross Tonnage : 66.084 / Length : 239.24 metres / Beam : 32.2 metres / Cruising Speed : 20 knots / Guest Decks : 11 / Guest Capacity (Double Occupancy) : 1.250 / Staff Size : 800 / Guest to Staff Ratio : 1.56 to 1/ Nationality of Officers : European
SHIPS' SPECIFICATIONS - REGATTA, INSIGNIA & NAUTICA
Year Built: Regatta & Insignia 1998, Nautica 2000 / Refurbishment Dates : Regatta, May 2014, - Insignia, April 2014 - Nautica, May 2014 / Gross Tonnage : 30.277 / Length : 180.96 metres / Beam : 25.45 metres / Cruising Speed : 18 knots / Guest Decks : 9 / Guest Capacity (Double Occupancy) : 684 / Staff Size : 400 / Guest to Staff Ratio : 1.71 to 1/ Nationality of Officers : European | Portugal. Many archaeological ruins from the Roman times indicate its interesting history. Baroque carvings, the Douro Valley and the Porto river make the city one of the most charming cities in Europe. Its beautiful monuments by well-known architects such as Gustave Eiffel's Dona Maria Bridge make the city an atmospheric place. Do not miss to taste the sweet local wine, the famous Porto.
St.Malo, France
In the citadel of the port visitors will be amazed by the historical sites such as the Cathedrale St-Vincent and of course the labyrinthic network of lanes which are surrounded by impressively preserved walls.
Saint-Malo is a walled port city in Brittany in northwestern France on the English Channel.it is an important tourist destination, with many ancient, attractive buildings.It is also known as the "City of Corsairs" because through history, piracy took place very often here.It is considered to be the most attractive channel port in France and its cobbled streets are full of hotels, restaurants, bars and shops.Apart from the historical atmosphere that St. Malo retains,tourists can also enjoy the sun, the crystal clear waters and the beautiful sandy beaches.
1 Amsterdam, Netherlands ------ 17:00
2 London (Tilbury), United Kingdom 07:00 17:00
3 Paris (Le Havre), France 08:00 19:00
4 St.Malo, France 07:00 18:00
5 Cruising 00:00 00:00
6 Bordeaux 06:00 00:00
8 Bilbao 08:00 17:00
9 Ferrol (Galicia), Spain 10:00 19:00
10 Oporto, Portugal 10:00 18:00
11 Lisbon, Portugal 08:00 17:00
12 Seville (Cadiz) 11:00 21:00
13 Malaga, Spain 08:00 19:00
14 Cruising 00:00 ------
15 Barcelona, Spain 06:00 18:00
THE MOST SOPHISTICATED AND ELEGANT SHIPS TO DEBUT IN THE PAST 50 YEARS
The brand new Marina, and her sister Riviera, which debuted in May 2012, are the most beautiful, elegant and sophisticated ships to debut in the past 50 years. Designer touches are everywhere, from the magnificent Lalique Grand Staircase and stunning Owner's Suites furnished in Ralph Lauren Home, they are showcases of the finest residential design and furnishings. More than anything, Marina and Riviera personify the Oceania Cruises experience.
Comfortably mid-size, Marina and Riviera retain the same warmth and charm of their acclaimed consorts Regatta, Insignia and Nautica. While the country club casual ambiance and level of personalized service remain the same, they offer even more choice and some enticing new amenities. As the first ships designed for lovers of fine dining and travel experiences, Marina and Riviera offer guests multiple dining venues, of which six are open-seating gourmet restaurants with no surcharge. La Reserve by Wine Spectator offers enlightening wine and food pairings. The new Bon Appétit Culinary Center is the only hands-on cooking school at sea. Similarly, artists-in-residence teach fine arts in Artists Loft, a new enrichment center. For specialty coffees and snacks, there is Baristas Coffee Bar. Intimate lounges abound. Accommodations in every category are incredibly spacious, especially with regard to the lavish bathrooms.
Yet remarkably, with so many additions, the onboard ambiance and experience remains comfortably familiar. We have retained everything guests adore about our ships and raised the bar ever higher. We look forward to welcoming you aboard.
Ship Specifications
Marina: Debuted in 2011
Tonnage: 66,084
Length: 785 feet
Beam: 106 feet
Maximum Draught: 24 feet
Stabilizers: Yes
Cruising Speed: 20 knots
Guest Decks: 11
Total Decks: 15
Electric Power or Voltage: 110, 220 AC
Guest Capacity: 1,250 (Double Occupancy)
Staff Size: 800
Guest to Staff Ratio: 1.57 to 1
Nationality of Officers: European
Nationality of Staff: International
Country of Registry: Marshall Islands
YOUR WORLD. YOU WAY
Whatever corner of the globe beckons you to explore, Oceania Cruises takes you there in comfort and style. Relax onboard our luxurious ships and savour exquisite cuisine that is renowned as the finest at sea and even rivals the best Michelin-starred restaurants ashore. Inspired by Master Chef Jacques Pepin, these culinary delights have always distinguished the Oceania Cruises experience from any other. And considering the uncompromising quality, perhaps the most remarkable aspect of an Oceania Cruises voyage is its incredible value. Lavish complimentary amenities abound, and there are never supplemental dining charges in any of the restaurants. Value-priced packages ensure that exploring ashore, sipping a glass of vintage | 1,138 |
Whether you collect testimonials from clients during exit interviews, or you ask for them later, having endorsements from previous clients helps potential clients make the decision to work with you. Testimonials and case studies let them see what it's like to work with you and help them picture the kind of results they can achieve with your help.
What's the best way to gather testimonials and case studies, you ask?
Look, I hear you shaking your head and running for the door at the thought of doing client interviews.
You can get good solid information, but asking the<|fim_middle|> continuous conversation with your friends in messenger, and meeting up with an old friend you haven't heard from in ages. Each has value, but there's a fresh take that only comes from that one-on-one connection.
For example, when I've done interviews for my clients, it always happens that while they are recalling things like how they met, or what they were working on, they always go on these wonderful tangents that fill in the story more completely. Memories trigger previously forgotten ideas or aha moments that they never mentioned. Sometimes they are processing their experience for the first time. And they tell me their own versions of how they've explained the problem they had before they came to you. The whole point is that we are capturing their stories in their words, without any of the weird pressure that comes with feeling like they've been put on the spot.
The thing that has truly caught my clients off guard, has been when they've watched the client interview videos I collected for them. It's eye opening.
Now, I'm not saying that this is groundbreaking video to anyone else, but to my clients, it's the first time they've really gotten to be a fly on the wall while their clients discuss them and their business. I mean really, how often do you just get to sit back and watch someone talk about you for 45 minutes?
One of my clients said that it actually made her a better person for watching them. She got to see how things she took for granted really made a big impact on her coaching clients, and she got to hear them talk about all the work that happened between their coaching sessions that never got mentioned.
As Seth Godin says, "Marketing is no longer about the stuff you make, but about the stories you tell." Your client's words hold so much power. They can help you improve your business. They build trust FOR you with others. It's what social proof is all about. They are part of your business' story, and having an outside interviewer can help you capture the whole story. | right questions can be tricky, and sometimes it's downright awkward to ask a client why they loved working with you.
So, what if there were a way to approach client interviews that would help you capture the whole story?
First…a little breakdown of perspectives. Why does it matter who's doing the interviewing?
Chances are good that your inner circle of friends have a set of stories, experiences, and inside jokes that have become part of your shared conversation. You've been through stuff together, and when you talk, you use those shared experiences to relate to other things happening in your lives. Kind of like Darmok – the episode of Star Trek: The Next Generation where the Tamarians speak only in metaphors. (Yeah, you might have to look that one up.) Or you know, pretty much every episode of Friends. You know exactly what's going on because you're in on the metaphor/joke/story, etc. But the rest of the world is looking at you, scratching their heads, and wondering what in the heck you're talking about.
Example: You can say "you know, the thing with the stuff", and your friend knows exactly what you mean.
The same thing essentially happens when you are working with a client.
Over the course of working together, you are sharing the experience, you become comfortable with certain ways of communicating, you get to know each other and create your own shared working language. You know all the same acronyms and jargon. If they are an awesome client, you probably also have your own inside jokes. It's that whole building-a-relationship-with-a-person thing.
You both KNOW what you're working on. You don't have to start from scratch each time you talk, you can skip right to the next thing on your mutual to-do list. For example, you "assume" the other person knows what you mean when you say "The Project That Shall Not Be Named" so you don't have to explain yourself every time.
We all have that friend or family member who refuses to use social media. (The UNTAGGABLE) (I'm looking at YOU, Lisa). Regardless of their reasons, the only way to connect with them is to get on the phone or get face to face and bring them up to speed on everything they've missed.
So you pick a spot and make a plan to meet up for a beverage and a fun afternoon of catch up conversations. You tell them all the stories your family has heard a dozen times, but this time is different, because your friend's never heard them before. They're not on Facebook, so they haven't seen the 35 pictures from your trip to New York (including all the pseudo-selfies you took to capture images of wacky or famous people on the sly) – or all the comments about your kid's first time at camp. This means you really play up the exciting parts and the parts you probably wouldn't tell to your family because you think they already know them.
Because there's no "assumed knowledge" your friend will often hear details you might not otherwise have shared – and they might share insights (and ask questions) you might not otherwise have gotten that will enrich the entire experience.
Simply put… you tell a better story.
Because you and your clients have so much shared knowledge, you actually end up saying less about some of the more obvious things about your work together.
Your client isn't trying to analyze what it's like to work with you as you work together. They just want to get the work done. Processing happens later. If they're introverted, they'll probably never even mention it to you. Verbal processors, on the other hand, might want to have a debrief session later.
Social expectations/norms also dictate the level of feedback a person might give in the moment, and once you've moved on, you probably won't bring it up either. It can also be jarring to "talk feelings" if you've been in a purely strategic relationship. This can show up while you're working together. The client might have some thoughts about how something could be improved, but they don't want to slow things down, so they brush it off or tell themselves they can mention it later.
This shows up in requests for testimonials too. They LIKE you! They want other people to hire you too! But our culture is just weird when it comes to gushing about people directly to their face. You can be putting a lot of pressure on your clients without realizing it. They don't want to let you down, they want to sound persuasive, and their "selling" brain turns on and they end up just wanting to make you sound good and feel good instead of offering details about how you helped them make progress on the things most important to them.
Don't get me wrong. Doing your own interviews can yield valuable data – in fact, the "assumed/shared knowledge" can actually clear the path to deeper conversations because you already have the details out of the way. It's a kind of shorthand that allows you to work efficiently and effectively, based on your previous conversations about the goals you're trying to achieve together. But it's not the whole story.
As a new listener, they get the missing story – the part you don't usually hear due to shared knowledge. Why? People tell their story differently to someone who's never heard it before. Click To Tweet Much like that social media abstaining friend, a third party doesn't know much beyond the top-level view. Your client doesn't have to worry about offending YOU when they're talking to them. A third party is neutral, trained "fresh ears" – to collect (not shape) the information about what their experience was like.
In the "Jobs To Be Done" methodology, a third-party interview is designed to get your client in the "habit of remembering" (as Alan Klement described in his book "When Coffee And Kale Compete"). Then as they go into storytelling mode, they share the extra details that they either assume you already know or didn't think were efficient to share at the time (because for example, maybe you charge an hourly rate). There's no filter, it's uncensored. There's more discussion about how things really made them feel and what they were thinking about, versus the actions taken.
The actions are important, but the motivations are even more important. Third party interviews provide that extra angle that you couldn't otherwise see. It's the difference between having a | 1,319 |
Results-focused executive specializing in Client / Business Analytics and Global Market Research / Development eager to contribute talents toward collaborating with a progressive company to maximize bottom-line performance.
Integral leader who offers experience in large-scale business optimization, including recommending marketing and media planning strategies to boost profits, performing quantitative / qualitative research (e.g. surveys, focus groups) to attain solid leveraging in competitive markets, and handling all facets of data / market research (e.g. POS, GRPs, Loyalty Card).
Out-of-the-box thinker who applies talents with multivariate regression (e.g. time-series, cross-sectional), cluster analysis, decision tree analysis, discriminant analysis, factor analysis, MANOVA, ANOVA, and ANCOVA to generate revenue.
Top performer who drives predictive statistical modeling, segmentation, customer profiling, CRM, and data mining processes.
Ambitious self-starter who builds strong analytical teams to encourage diversity, low turnover, and high company loyalty.
Excellent communicator who contributes superior proposal, grant, report, and publication writing skills, and coordinates, develops, and delivers forward-thinking team training and executive-level presentations to achieve key business results.
Utilized broad scope of industry knowledge and dynamic business acumen toward delivering profit-optimizing results for CPG, pharmaceutical, and retail clients using proprietary Loyalty Card database, POS, media, and other data, including designing, analyzing, and interpreting consumer-centric (CRM) and marketing mix research to generate actionable insights.
Enhanced direct marketing targeting efforts by developing customer segmentation to maximize engagement.
Improved overall ROI by demonstrating halo impact of shopper marketing programs beyond focus brands.
Enabled clients to successfully defend core marketing budgets by comparing results to industry benchmarks.
Created category forecasting and pricing analysis for optimal position of family and CPG household brands.
Increased client profits 40% by recommending marketing and media planning strategies across brands.
Spearheaded development of forward-thinking, research-based insights and recommendations for presentation to senior-level management, including integrating secondary and primary market research findings into short- and long-term strategic forecasts, as well as evaluating global development risks and opportunities for biggest selling drug in portfolio.
Collaborated with cross-functional, global, and U.S. oncology teams to integrate comprehensive patient, prescriber, competitive product, and additional related data and build well-grounded forecast models.
Delivered global product launch recommendations to senior-level teams based on<|fim_middle|>-optimizing results for CPG, pharmaceutical, and retail clients using proprietary Loyalty Card database, POS, media, and other data, including designing, analyzing, and interpreting consumer-centric (CRM) and marketing mix research to generate actionable insights. Within this role, I enhanced direct marketing targeting efforts by developing customer segmentation to maximize engagement. I also improved overall ROI by demonstrating halo impact of shopper marketing programs beyond focus brands, as well as creating category forecasting and pricing analysis for optimal position of family and CPG household brands. Furthermore, I increased client profits 40% by recommending marketing and media planning strategies across brands. As this is just a sampling of my job history, please kindly refer to my enclosed resume for additional experience and career highlights.
You will find me to be a solutions-driven leader who contributes a track record of organizing complex client / business analytics initiatives, defining key priorities, and meeting targeted goals. In addition, I can resourcefully partner across core business functions within fast-paced, deadline-oriented environments while streamlining processes to increase productivity, efficiency, and quality. For the sum of these aforementioned reasons, I believe I will prove to be an incredible asset to your company. | NPV calculations.
Directed execution of primary and secondary global market research activities, including budgeting.
Strategically steered integral consultations among consumer packaged goods, pharmaceutical, and retail clients, including directing advanced analytics team and data specialists to complete client-requested analytical projects encompassing marketing mix, ROI, and forecasting, as well as interfacing among internal product developers to enhance efficiency.
Directed a top-performing team of five employees, trained analysts, and managed ad hoc consultants in use of software.
Successfully managed accounts in competitive markets with revenues totaling $500,000.
Enhanced advertising effectiveness and boosted ROI via sales / marketing alignment recommendations.
Improved cross-functional team efficiencies between internal product developers, third party vendors, data specialists, and analysts which were instrumental in expediting delivery of superior final results to clients.
Compared results to industry benchmarks to enable clients to effectively defend marketing budgets.
Delivered financial recommendations for senior-level management within a primary care product portfolio and led forecast meetings with product management, finance, and other stakeholders to review forecasts, risks, and opportunities.
Created time-series models using prescriptions, units, patients, and sales across multiple time horizons, and integrated monthly, weekly, and daily data from IMS, NDC, and internal sources to provide up-to-date tracking.
Maximized market share for blockbuster Cipro brand upon patent expiry by proactively recommending product lifecycle management forecasts using strategic analogs for generic erosion and line extensions.
Delivered Best Practices presentation at ForecastPharma conference in Toronto, March 2003.
Directed marketing mix, pricing, and online advertising research for consumer packaged goods and pharmaceutical clients, along with drafting proposals for online advertising copy-testing and campaign / website evaluations; facilitating productive eCommerce activities; tracking results; and presenting clients with findings and cost-saving recommendations.
Supervised junior analysts and managed research study design and data aggregation into SPSS (e.g. IRI / Nielsen POS data, Nielsen Media Research advertising data), as well as handling multivariate analysis.
Contributed sharp analytical abilities toward managing a high-volume mainframe university employee database using SAS and specialized HR software, including collaborating with university administrators to create a faculty career-tracking database, as well as designing employee and customer satisfaction surveys and analyzing and interpreting data findings.
Presented instructional lectures on research methods and statistics, including directing social science research projects, publishing articles in refereed journals, and presenting grant-funded research at regional and national meetings.
Generated continued funding by reporting findings to senior-level teams and OFCCP auditors.
I am excited to build a rewarding career with your company, and am confident that my professional skills and academic credentials can help to achieve your objectives. I can offer 21+ years of solid experience in delivering actionable, data-based insights and profit-optimizing results for various high-profile clients across multifaceted, competitive industries. To complement my background, please note that I hold a Ph.D. and M.S. in Experimental Psychology and a B.A. in Psychology from the University of Wisconsin.
Most recently, as a Senior Director (Client / Analytic Services) for Spire, LLC, I utilized my broad scope of industry knowledge and dynamic business acumen toward delivering profit | 639 |
Hotel hopping! What makes it interesting until I have to write about it? Maybe its the name Ram<|fim_middle|>, plants, ramada hotel, rooftop pool, swimming pool. Bookmark the permalink. | ada hotel. Maybe its the comfy bed that is so comfortable makes me not want to leave the bed? Maybe its the the two pools. Well whatever it is… Lets explore it together.
This architecture design is amazing. The idea of designing it in an earthy warm look by the strong pillar of steels with intricacy details is just an aweeee.
A fresh look of the restaurant.
I had the opportunity to stay at their junior suite which was really comfortable. Its like staying in your private apartment.
Gosh when i hop on the bed I could just sleep there all day long. It was the most comfortable bed ever. As you can see there is two spectacular bedroom for three of us.
It is a complete when you have a balcony room. The best part about this suite the balcony is also connected to the master bedroom which you can imagine its a long balcony.
A heaven for three girls sharing one bathroom. The table top was spacious to put all of our make up necessities.
Morning view be like this? I just love seeing green plants, green view anything that is green. They say green is good for your eyes.
Best spot to chill at night while gossiping with your girlfriends.
Rooftop here we go for breakfast.
Swimming on the rooftop anyone? While witnessing the sunset by dipping in the pool.
I take this photo mainly because of its ceiling design.
If you do not believe any words that i am saying please go to the website and check it out because it is a real deal.
Were you attracted by the interior design of the hotel? because i am!
Posted on August 21, 2017 November 17, 2017 by myrisz This entry was posted in World and tagged architecture, bali, girls trip, hotel lounge, hotel suite, hotelworld, Indonesia, interior design, landscaping | 378 |
Casa Ellul
DIRECTORS NOTE
Offer – 5 nights Valletta Mdina Package
HISTORICAL VALLETTA
CONTEMPORARY VALLETTA
i. ARRIVAL DATE
ii. DEPARTURE DATE
The<|fim_middle|> Valletta boutique hotel a unique and very alternative experience.
Valletta, today a World Heritage City, is highly sought after by many tourists that visit the Maltese Islands but availability of high quality accommodation is very scarce. Casa Ellul offers everything the discerning traveller needs for a comfortable stay in this wonderful city.
CASA ELLUL, 81, OLD THEATRE STREET, VALLETTA VLT1429, MALTA.
TEL: +356 21 224 821. E: info@casaellul.com | House - A Historical Overview Of Our Boutique Hotel
Casa Ellul, a luxury boutique hotel in Malta, dates back to the Victorian era possibly constructed during the early 19th century. Although the precise date of Casa Ellul's construction is not known, it was some time around 1830 when an earlier building dating to Hospitaller times was demolished to make way for this new group of houses in Valletta.
This was a time when Baroque and Rococo opulence was shifting towards a more toned down, but increasingly elegant, fashion characterised by a sense of lightness. Property investors wanted to move away from the ageing cumbersome dark mansions left from the days of chivalry. Increased demand for more affordable real estate also rendered such huge buildings redundant. Early Victorian architects ingeniously maximised very precious and restricted sites without, in any way, forfeiting aesthetics and comfort. Casa Ellul, Valletta boutique hotel is a perfect example of this.
With Old Theatre Street being narrower than six meters, looking at Casa Ellul from the
street requires considerable neck-craning and it is no easy task identifying the extent of its grandeur. In contrast, the central hotel rooms, leading onto the hotel courtyard, present a humbler, introverted experience with their timber-beam ceilings and diffused natural light. Designed as one of a group, the (so far anonymous) architect cleverly gave the entire building a seamless façade which unknowingly can be easily read as a singular palazzo.
Three tiers of regimented balconettes and Maltese galleriji overlie the street-level Valletta shops and doorways. Ornamentation in the form of graceful wrought ironwork, delicately carved mouldings, cornices, subtle panelling, Ionic capitals, floral motifs and angelic masks alludes to an architecture intended to impress penned by the hand of a master who academically embraced Romantic Classicism.
Steeped in history, this Valletta boutique hotel offers its visitors the ultimate cultural experience
The style is best described as Neo-Classical with a prevailing Maltese feel. With so many balconies one cannot but imagine an inspiration drawn from the Manoel Theatre itself, where one could sit and indulge in the 'world going by' performance in the street below. On the one side, the church's dome towers over the viewer boasting its massiveness and contrasting the normal experience of being viewed from a greater distance. On the other side the view comprises Valletta's unique rooftops dotted with a number of church domes, the recently restored Manoel Island across Marsamxetto harbour and glimpses of Sliema's seafront development across the creek.
Maltese characteristics such as the exquisitely coved vestibule, the colonnaded fireplace in the sala nobile, the concertina doors and Maltese patterned tiles all add to the finery of the house. Mythology and allegory have also found their place in this hotel. At the climb of the staircase on the piano nobile lives the 'Tork', a talisman of sorts, which is a familiar face in many Maltese houses. Casa Ellul's sits contently on a dolphin whilst showing off a cornucopia overflowing with fruit and flowers. It is, however, in the courtyard where the centerpiece of the whole house can be found.
Upon entering the Valletta Boutique Hotel the visitor is immediately drawn to the prospettiva at the back of the cortile. Here stands a statue of Heracles, the ancient Greek divine hero, sheltered in a finely executed Ionic shrine. This muscular son of the Zeus is portrayed wearily resting on his wooden club and lion skin which he presented to King Eurystheus after being challenged to kill and flay the beast which was terrorising the hills around Nemea. Casa Ellul's Ġgant (Giant) is a faithful interpretation of the acclaimed Farnese Heracles currently held in the Museo Nazionale in Naples. Exhausted though he may be, he still clutches tightly behind his back the apples of immortality. One can only wonder about whose whim it was to erect this intriguing piece of sculpture which is now the focal point of the restored and rehabilitated Valletta boutique hotel, feeding the imagination of its new occupants.
Whilst retaining most of the original fabric and keeping alterations to a minimum the main intervention when renovating this boutique hotel took place at the upper levels. A louvered screen inspired from the traditional "Persjani" wraps around the extended suites on the rooftop whilst also providing a screen for the services. Steeped in history, this Valletta boutique hotel offers its visitors the ultimate cultural experience of living in an authentic Victorian-period house, where one is invited to unwind, relax, and be inspired by both the internal architectural beauties and the surrounding, awe-inspiring roof-top views.
The ground floor area, apart from serving as the main reception, caters for the breakfast area which can easily be transformed into an intimate environment by night as it sprawls into the exclusive courtyard guarded by Heracles. The dual-experience of a classic yet stylish guesthouse on the lower floors, and contemporary rooftop spaces surrounded by private upper terraces make this | 1,075 |
The LucasArts classic Grim Fandango is being resurrected, with Grim Fandango Remastered now available for preorder through GOG.com.
With the original being over fifteen years old, finding an original copy and getting it to work on a modern day computer was almost impossible. This re-release has been heavily reworked so that the core game remains intact, and gives players the option of using the "tank" controls from the original game or a more modern control scheme.
From the About section on GOG.com: Something's rotten in the land of the dead, and you're being played for a sucker. Meet Manny Calavera, travel agent at the Department of Death. He sells luxury packages to souls on their four-year journey to eternal rest. But there's trouble in paradise. Help Manny untangle himself from a conspiracy that threatens his very salvation.
Good Old Games (GOG.com<|fim_middle|> are the team who been hard at work on Grim Fandango Remastered, with Tim himself being the director of the original game.
The game is currently £9.29 to pre-order, and those who chose to take part also receive a downloadable wallpaper. | ) appears to be the perfect place for the classic title, with the president of Double Fine, Tim Schafer, stating "we're so happy to be on good old games, because it's the good old games community, people that love old games that have kept the spirit oh Grim Fandango alive and kept it from just fading away into nothingness". Double Fine | 74 |
One of Spain's most important 18th-century scholars, Benito Jerónimo Feijóo y Montenegro represents the burgeoning intelligentsia of the Enlightenment casting off the burdens of traditionalism, conformity, and ignorance. Unlike many of his contemporaries, Feijóo preferred the isolation of his native Galicia where he could enjoy an independence of thought not always allowed in the more confining and politically charged environment of the capital Madrid. From this unique vantage point, Feijóo could observe and synthesize the culture, politics, and social conditions of his homeland. Ivy McClelland in her study of the author (1969) notes that "…as an intelligent man of the perimeter, Feijóo saw things that could not be seen in such clear perspective from the center…when he was urged to transfer permanently to Madrid to live at the heart of Spain's activity, he resolutely refused, showing, by word or implication, that he could think better in less crowded places." Aside from the freedom that his isolation afforded him, Feijóo also had more access to books, pamphlets, and other intellectual material than he could have had in the capital, where strict censorship was enforced. The combination of these two factors created a rich interplay of intellect and practical observation in his discourses.
Feijóo's stance within the milieu of 18th-century Spanish Enlightenment thought manifests itself clearly in a multitude of essays which address a broad range of topics, including the role of women, politics, morality, literature, and medicine. The primary forum for his opinions is a multi-volume series entitled Teatro crítico universal (1725– 40; Universal theater of criticism). Essential to Feijóo's philosophical outlook is his perception of what he considered to be the pervasive errors held by the general populace in contrast to his own truth. Feijóo explains in the prologue to Teatro crítico universal that these errors are comprised of "all the opinions" that contradict his perception of<|fim_middle|> not be surprised that in a time of limited understanding and learning there should be so many false ideas.
The context and content of Teatro crítico universal and Cartas eruditas suggest a rich and vigorous intellect. His susceptibility to Enlightenment thought in combination with his religious training combine in a unique vision of right and wrong, truth and error. For Feijóo, as for so many of his contemporaries, Spain was on the cusp of a new age of understanding and learning. Future writers such as Mariano José de Larra would look to Feijóo for inspiration and number him among the great writers of all time: "How would one write today, in our country, without the prior existence of Feijóo, Iriartes, Forner and Moratín?" Herein we see the true genius of the man, the ability to sound the trumpet of discontent and to ignite the intellectual flame not only in those who knew him, but in those who followed.
Born 8 October 1676 in Casdemiro, Orense. Studied at the monastery of San Julián de Samos, where he was ordained a Benedictine monk, 1690; University of Oviedo, degree in theology, 1709. Lived and taught at the monastery of San Vicente, Oviedo, from 1709; professor of theology, University of Oviedo, 1710–39. Honorary member, Royal Society of Medicine, Seville, 1727. Died in Oviedo, 26 September 1764. | truth. Thus, the general tenor of Feijóo's discourses reflects the perspective of a man sitting on a mountain looking down at the clamoring masses. He is an observer whose physical isolation causes him to consider objectively, and somewhat narrowly, the world that surrounds him. This is not to say that Feijóo lacks passion, only that the author's zeal toward his topic appeals to a more restricted class of people, namely other intellectuals like himself. One might consider Feijóo's own words from "Voz del pueblo" (1726; Voice of the people) where he asserts that the masses suffer from the illusion that their numbers alone vindicate their opinions. To this premise, Feijóo warns, "The value of an opinion should be calculated by its profundity, not by the number of souls who believe it.
The ignorant, even though they are numerous, do not cease to be ignorant." He later affirms that those who adhere to a single truth should | 204 |
Some people easily face epilepsy and learn to deal with it while others experience confusion.
The degree to which people accept their epilepsy varies from person toperson.<|fim_middle|> doctor, but you can also search for literature or ask other professionals to tell you more about it. Their information can reassure you that epilepsy is nothing to be ashamed of and that you can live beyond it. It is advisable for you to participate in trainings where you can share experiences and knowledge. This can be achieved at various epilepsy organizations that organize meetings for people with epilepsy. Once you have enough knowledge, you will understand how you can live an active life.
Everyone who wants to drive a car needs to pass the tests for a driving license. But is it wise to drive if you can have a seizure? How can you decide if you can safely drive a car? | Some people easily face it and learn to deal with it while others experience confusion.
Did they say epilepsy or leprosy?
Am I going to die now?
How can I hide this from others?
Understanding epilepsy is an important step in your effort to acknowledgeand accept the condition. For this, you need knowledge about it. This can be given by the | 71 |
Three Fonts You Should Use Instead of Arial to Save Printer Ink
October 23, 2019 Fred McIntyre Business
I know first hand that businesses want to cut down on the amount of ink that they use.
Ink is expensive. You can spend thousands of dollars on the stuff<|fim_middle|> Post:Halloween Party Ideas For Kids | every month, especially if you have a big team.
Companies need to get the price of printer ink down. It's imperative. The cost of ink made my company uncompetitive before I found out how to save money on it.
The Problem With Arial
Arial is one of the most popular fonts in the world, but it's got a problem: it uses a lot of ink.
I couldn't immediately see, however, that that was the case. After all, Arial looks about as generic as a font can be.
I soon saw, however, that Arial was burning through ink cartridges like there was no tomorrow. Something about it meant that my ink cartridges ran out faster than I wanted them to.
I began to wonder whether other fonts would let me keep costs down. Were there any?
The problem with Arial is that the lines that make up the letters are all the same thickness.
When I took a close look at the font, I could see that the lines that made up each character were the same. They were the same number of pixels wide.
Then I compared it to Times New Roman and discovered something interesting. Times New Roman wasn't like Arial at all. The width of the lines making up the characters varied a lot.
It occurred to me that this might help my printer situation. Times New Roman economized on ink by making some parts of letters skinnier. I was about to get about 27 percent more mileage from my cartridges.
I then wondered where any other fonts would have a similar impact.
I soon came across Calibri. To the naked eye, Calibri looks almost identical to Arial. Like Arial, Calibri uses characters made of lines with regular width.
But there's a crucial difference between the two fonts. Arial uses a "blocky" form that fills out a lot of space. Calibri, by contrast, rounds off the edge of characters at their extremities.
So, for instance, with Arial, a full stop is a square, but with Calibri, it's a circle that fits inside the square.
I immediately knew, therefore, that I would get more economy from Calibri. If I draw a square and then a circle inside it, I can see that the circle is smaller. It would, therefore, use less ink.
Century Gothic
Century Gothic looks incredibly similar to both Calibri and Aria. However, like Calibri, it rounds off the ends of the letter.
Again, this means that you save on ink.
Some people don't like using Times New Roman, considering it too formal, but you don't have to use it to save ink. I saved loads shifting to friendly fonts like Calibri.
You can also save ink costs by using remanufactured ink cartridges. You can buy them online from YoYoink.com at a reduced price.
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Football Ranked in Week 2 D3football.com Poll
Two days after defeating the ninth-ranked St. John's University Johnnies, the UW-Eau Claire football team found its way to a top 25 ranking by D3football.com.
The Blugolds are 20th according to this week's poll while the Johnnies dropped to 21st. The Blugolds beat St. John's 23-20 in overtime at Carson Park on Saturday.
The last time the Blugolds were mentioned in the poll was week four of 2009 when they received votes. Prior to that, the Blugolds were last among the top 25 when they received a ranking of No. 19 in week eight of 2008.
Eau Claire is off this week but will be back in action Sept. 25 at North Central College (Ill.).
D3football<|fim_middle|>CA Poll
Blugold Football Ranked 18th in Week Four Poll
UWEC Cross Country: Griak & St. Mary's Recap
Swimming & Diving - Alumni Meet Set for October 9
Women's Cross Country No. 1 in Latest Poll
Volleyball Ranked 16th in Week Three Poll
Football Ranked No. 25 in First AFCA Poll
WIAC Volleyball To Support Breast Cancer Awareness
Football Moves up in D3football.com Poll
Cross Country Maintains Rankings in Week 1 Poll
UW-Eau Claire Cross Country: Luther Recap
Volleyball Ranked 15th in Latest Poll
Volleyball Moves up in Ranking
Men's Cross Country Alumni Recap
Women's Cross Country Alumni Recap
From the Leader-Telegram - Nierenhausen Feature
From The Spectator - Football Season Preview
From The Spectator - Soccer Game One Recap
From The Spectator - Volleyball Video Season Preview
Assistant Track & Field Coach Named to UWP Hall of...
Women's Golf Will Open Season Ranked Third in Nation
Women's Cross Country Opens Season Ranked No. 1 in...
AFCA (2) Alumni (17) Austin Murphy (2) AVCA (12) Blugold Logo (1) Brad Nierenhausen (1) Brant Marple (1) Catherine Wagner (1) Cross Country (49) D3football.com (4) D3soccer.com (1) d3westhockey.com (1) Derek Sikora (2) Football (14) In the News (23) Inside Wisconsin Sports (1) Jimmy Hutchings (1) Joe Bluhm (1) John Kearns (2) Kady Monson (1) Katie Maurer (1) Keith Paulsen (1) Leader-Telegram (1) Luke Strand (1) Matt Brandenburg (1) Men's Basketball (2) Men's Golf (2) Men's Ice Hockey (34) NFCA (3) NGCA (5) Nicholas Kuqali (1) NSCAA (1) Paul Conlin (1) Rankings (125) Russ Peloquin (1) Soccer (7) Softball (70) Spectator (3) Swimming and Diving (2) Track and Field (43) Tracy Steffens (1) Troy Ward (1) USCHO.com (2) USTFCCCA (18) Volleyball (18) WEAU (2) WIAC (2) Women's Basketball (10) Women's Golf (10) Women's Tennis (2) WQOW (1) Wrestling (4)
Men's Indoor Track & Field Team Ranked Sixth
Blugold Men's Hockey Heads into Break Ranked Third & Fifth
Birthday Wishes!
Softball Ranked 25th in May 1 NFCA Poll
Men's Indoor Track & Field Ninth in Latest Rankings
Blugolds.com
Blugolds on Facebook
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Blugolds' Text/Email Alerts | .com week two poll - http://www.d3football.com/top-brief.php?year=2010&week=2
Posted by UW-Eau Claire Blugolds at 10:03 AM
Labels: D3football.com, Football, Rankings
Cross Country Teams Ranked in Week Three Poll
Volleyball Remains 16th in Latest AV | 80 |
Check out content from the November 2012 issue of Channel Guide Magazine. If you're not already a Channel Guide reader, subscribe today and see for yourself!
7 Questions With...
"7 Questions" with … Steve-O from truTV's "Killer Karaoke"
November 19, 2012 Channel Guide Staff 1
It's tough getting up and singing in front of people, even if you're not having to deal with getting lowered into a tank full of snakes. But that's the type of challenge contestants face on truTV's outrageous new competition series Killer Karaoke, which premieres 9pm Friday. The show could not have picked a more appropriate host than Jackass star Steve-O, who brought his usual candor to our "7 Questions." You're at a magazine rack and can only pick three titles. Which ones do you choose? Maxim. I don't know if you want me to qualify my answer, but I prefer […]
100 Greatest Kid Stars of the last 20 years
November 19, 2012 Ryan Berenz Comments Off on 100 Greatest Kid Stars of the last 20 years
100 Greatest Kid Stars on VH1 Nov. 29-Dec. 2 counts down the the biggest names in TV, music and entertainment who burst onto the scene as kids from the past two decades. Child stars in pop culture are like pet alligators. They're cute when young, but they often get flushed before they grow big. VH1 counts down the top kid stars of the past two decades in the five-part special 100 Greatest Kid Stars, a nostalgic look back at the biggest names in TV, music and entertainment who burst onto the scene as kids. Hosted by Catherine Reitman — daughter […]
Brian Austin Green talks about Megan Fox's guest spot on "Wedding Band"
Seeing Megan Fox pop up on a show fronted by her hubby, Brian Austin Green, might seem natural, but in truth it was something neither ever thought would happen. Despite the couple's highly visible status, neither of them crave the spotlight when it comes to their personal lives, and they figured that viewers seeing them onscreen together would distract from the story they were trying to tell. Still, Fox does turn up on Saturday's episode of Wedding Band — airing at 10pm ET — playing an actress on a popular sci-fi show who has a fling with Tommy (Green), the hunky lead […]
"7 Questions" With … Brian Austin Green of TBS' "Wedding Band"
November 8, 2012 Channel Guide Staff 1
Brian Austin Green is happy to just be playing a hard-partying ladies' man on TV, having long passed the time when he found that lifestyle enjoyable. In TBS' bawdy but heartfelt comedy Wedding Band — premiering Nov. 10 at 10pm — he plays Tommy, the frontman for Mother of the Bride, a group of four buddies who aren't ready to give up the dream of being rock stars. In real life, the 39-year-old former Beverly Hills, 90210 star says he mostly avoids the nightlife, having recently welcomed a baby boy with wife Megan Fox, who guest stars on an episode of […]
"Crossfire Hurricane" on HBO documents the rise of The Rolling Stones
November 7, 2012 Ryan Berenz 1
Crossfire Hurricane on HBO Nov. 15 documents the rise of The Rolling Stones from "the band everybody hated to the band everybody loves." The Rolling Stones were the bad boys of the 1960s British Invasion, the sexually charged, rebellious foil to the clean-cut, "I Want to Hold Your Hand" Beatles. The Beatles lasted only 10 years together. The Stones have been at it for 50 years. The Stones' golden anniversary is celebrated with the new documentary Crossfire Hurricane (HBO, Nov. 15 at 9pm ET), which chronicles the band's evolution from, as Mick Jagger puts it, "the band everybody hated to […]
Complete 2012 Channel Guide Magazine's Viewers Voice Award Winners
October 31, 2012 Channel Guide Contributor<|fim_middle|> says of films tackling history's tough subjects. But he has proved naysayers wrong before with his award-winning long-form documentaries on the Civil War, […]
Mad Men wins Best Period-Piece Drama in Channel Guide's 2012 Viewer's Voice Awards
By the time Jessica Pare had "Zou Bisou Bisou"-ed her way into all future lists of TV's Most Memorable Moments, that 17-month wait for Season 5 was all but forgotten, and completely forgiven. Season 5 went on to give us more signature moments and messy ethical dilemmas, including Joan's carnal offering to a prospective client, Lane Pryce's tragic suicide, Peggy leaving the firm, Sally Draper's continuing coming-of-age, and (perhaps not so shocking) Don leaving Megan. Season 6 will be worth the wait, however long it may be. Best Period-Piece Drama — Winner: Mad Men Mad Men/AMC 38% Boardwalk Empire/HBO 27% […]
NBA season preview 2012-13
October 31, 2012 Ryan Berenz 1
NBA season preview 2012-13: The top teams who'll contend for the NBA championship and the top national TV games to watch this season. Sharing the wealth was not on the minds of the NBA's elite teams over the summer, at least when it came to talent on the court. The handful of teams capable of winning a title either added big-name stars or kept the ones they had, widening the gap between the Association's haves and have-nots. Here's what the top teams were up to in the offseason: Heat Ray Allen and Rashard Lewis are taking their talents to South […] | 21
You Picked 'Em … The 2012 Viewers Voice Award Winners These are the ballot results you've been waiting for (let's forget for just a minute Obama and Romney) — the winners of Channel Guide's 2012 Viewers Voice Awards. In August we opened the voting polls up to print and online Channel Guide readers, who selected their favorites in a variety of traditional and quirky categories. While there were no real surprises on the drama front (Mad Men won), we were stunned to see Falling Skies beat out The Walking Dead for Spookiest Series, and Hardcore Pawn top Pawn Stars and […]
My Strange Addiction: Urine Drinker wins Most Outrageous Program Title in Channel Guide's 2012 Viewer's Voice Awards
October 31, 2012 Channel Guide Contributor 1
Urine drinker!?! Those two words definitely got our attention, as well as your votes, as My Strange Addiction Urine Drinker beat out Strange Sex: Adult Breastfeeding for Most Outrageous Program Title in Channel Guide's Viewers Voice Awards. Earlier this year, TLC's popular series My Strange Addiction dedicated an episode to the "Urine Drinker," a Colorado woman who drinks five glasses of her own urine a day [believing it helped treat her cancer]. While our gag reflexes were in overdrive just seeing the title, viewing the actual episode has left us scarred for life. Most Outrageous Program Title — Winner: My […]
Ken Burns' "The Dust Bowl" explores worst man-made ecological disaster in U.S. history
October 31, 2012 Jacqueline Cutler Comments Off on Ken Burns' "The Dust Bowl" explores worst man-made ecological disaster in U.S. history
They recall the days turning black, the winds whipping through towns, taking with them their family's livelihoods, the soil on which they farmed. In those natural disasters, thousands died but no one is sure just how many. Survivors of the dust storms of the 1930s tell their stories in Ken Burns' oral history documentary The Dust Bowl, premiering on PBS Nov. 18-19. "They used to say no one will watch, no one has the attention span," Burns | 472 |
What I wish Waleed Aly had said
In People Like Us, liberal Muslim intellectual Waleed Aly spends a whole chapter attacking the idea of a separation of Church and State, and defending Islam from the charge that it is incompatible with secularism. He argues that the separation of Church and State makes no sense from a Muslim perspective, because Islam (or at least Sunni Islam) has no established hierarchy that could be called its "church" and no official doctrine that it could impose through the powers of the state. He is scathing about secularists in way that I find disquieting.
He describes an occasion when he spoke on a panel and was subsequently asked by a number of audience members who pressed him on his attitude to the separation of Church and State. He found the whole idea confusing, thinking it sufficient that if a politician brings specifically religious moral attitudes that are out of touch with the mainstream, then he or she will be electorally punished. In other words, democracy is the cure for any untoward imposition of religious doctrine and morality through state power.
Of course, audience members found this unreassuring, and it's no wonder that a number of them kept pursuing the issue (evidently with mounting frustration at his seeming obtuseness). Later, Aly spoke to one of his interlocutors but evidently still gave her no real reassurance.
What is surprising is that Aly never mentions Locke or Mill in his discussion of all this, and never discusses the principles on which a liberal state - such as Australia - stands. He imagines that the phrase "separation of Church and State" is all about struggles between kings and popes - issues that are of no interest to anyone in the contemporary context. He genuinely seems to have no understanding of what is really at stake in this discussion.
The question is not about kings and popes (though it is certainly relevant to the temporal ambitions of the current pope). It is about how religionists of any stripe can reassure the rest of us that they will not use the coercive power of the state to impose their contentious (and, let's face it, usually miserable) moral doctrines, should they come to command an electoral majority. We are concerned about the tyranny of the majority, not about the attempts of a minority to bring others into line ... for which political hubris the remedy would, indeed, be an electoral one.
Of course, it does not matter whether or not what is being imposed comes from a literal "church". The fear is that politicians who are able, somehow, to command an electoral majority will bring their religions' doctrines to the table and attempt to impose their doctrines on an unwilling minority. This is something that we have good reason to fear. Islam, of course,<|fim_middle|> our laws and tolerance of our way of life. I'd prefer him to say something along the lines of what you'd like Waleed Aly to have said. Basically I have religious views, but I abide by the secular deal....
2. Most importantly. What have you got against Quetz and his love of beverages, especially tea? Next you'll be into the Flying Spaghetti monster and followers of the secret tortellini sect.
Pasta be upon you Russell.
Andy Thompson said...
Hi Russell,
You seem to be blogging about Waleed Aly's book quite a bit. If you guys are at the same university, have you ever met him to discuss the issues you raise? It seems the natural thing to do and might make for an interesting discussion.
Russell Blackford said...
Andy, we were actually both supposed to be part of a public forum on the New Atheism (with others) but it seems to have fallen through for the moment.
Obviously, I liked his book (despite some snarky comments in this post) ... but equally obviously we need more dialogue between liberal Muslims and secularists. Otherwise, hard-eyed men with guns (who first used that phrase?) will be determining the fates of both groups.
And of course Brian some of us are not people of the book: we reject all the Abrahamic (and other) religions.
Did I get censored before for my german usage? I apologise if I did.
And of course Brian some of us are not people of the book: we reject all the Abrahamic (and other) religions
We do indeed. That's why it concerns me to be put in the outgroup in debates about society's future.
It would be a lot better if Irfan Yusuf didn't worry about whether we are "people of the book". Because we are liberals, we don't persecute anybody for their religion, or irreligion, as long as they are prepared to reciprocate. That includes non-persecution of Islam. I'd be more impressed if Yusuf said that this is enough for Australia to be part of the house of Islam.
May the noodly appendages of the Flying Spaghetti Monster never direct you against traffic in a one-way street.
muslimgirlpower said...
Actually, he (Irfan Yusuf, who I know well) has said that:
"It seems in recent times some conservative leaders have found a niche in Muslim-bashing. What this small fringe of conservatives needs to accept is that Australia is no longer a Christian nation. Australia is a secular liberal democratic nation."
Secularism isn't incompatible with Abrahamic fellowship.
clodhopper said...
What does 'Abrahamic Fellowship' mean?
I don't have any problem with the quote attributed to Irfan Yusuf by muslimgirlpower. What we need religionists of all stripes to recognise is that Australia is a secular, liberal, democratic society (and I'll take it that this includes widely-interpreted Lockean tolerance, the harm principle, freedom of speech, etc.).
If Yusuf thinks that, then good for him; I then have no problem with him at all. That's exactly what we want everyone in this country to commit to.
Jews, Christians, and Muslims can worship the Abrahamic god as much as they wish, as long as they don't bring religious dogmas and specifically religious morality into the public sphere, and seek to impose them on others through the power of the state.
On the subject of Muslims and Mill
http://austrolabe.com/2006/06/13/john-stuart-mill-and-the-books-of-hate/
@B said...
>>I will look for clear secular harm before I invoke the might of the state in an attempt to restrict liberty.
Imho and 5yrs later, we ought be setting the bar even higher. Religio-politics in Australia is swaying the public without theological justifications, Islamic or otherwise. The religious are adept at spotting earthly harm and mustering secular rationale to support some moral law they like. Merely overlooking the science.
This week (on the back of President Obama's personal support of same-sex marraige) a group of Aussie doctors-cum-lobbiests are warning the public against same-sex parenting based on secular harm. They're saying they aren't religiously motivated (how does one tell??), that their righteousness is personal and professional and based on reason. Yet their rhetoric in defence of the status quo (compelling though it is) is in fact flying in the face of the preponderance of scientific evidence. They're factually mistaken. It's moral bullying for that reason. For siding with the conventional wisdom of the 1950s.
They hope to convince Aussies that the same-sex marriage they're already uncomfortable with isn't a church-state issue. It's that "slight of hand" re-framing that helps us Aussies deny that there's much of a local culture war between religion and science. It hides the flaw of moralising based on mistaken historical facts.
Tolerating the intolerant
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Ayaan Hirsi Ali and civilisational war
Church and state - back to the Enlightenment
Freethinkers unite!
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He went warring and drinking and blaming gods: Hit...
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How many of these books have you read?
The Echo Maker | is a minority religion in Australia, but it may well become more popular in the future and meanwhile there could easily be cases of Muslims entering into alliances over particular issues with other religionists. Aly's interlocutors obviously wanted to be reassured about all that, and Aly failed to say anything helpful.
Unfortunately, the impression has been created by many Muslim leaders that Islam seeks to control all aspects of individuals' lives and does not shrink from using secular power to achieve its aim. We are all well aware of extreme examples in recent history, such as Afghanistan under the benighted Taliban regime. Until that fear is laid to rest, it is quite rational for the rest of us to fear Islam's political ambitions - which is one reason why the word "Islamophobia" is so stupid. A phobia is an irrational fear, but secular Westerners actually have perfectly rational reasons to be at least wary of Islam, as Aly himself fully appreciates and acknowledges.
It's true, of course, that religionists - Muslims; Christians; Hindus; fire worshippers; devotees of Thor, Aphrodite, Baal, or Quetzalcoatl; or whatever - often feel that their religious identity is something "given" rather than chosen, and somehow essential to them. It is not possible for them simply to leave it behind like checked-in luggage when they enter the public sphere.
Fine. That's understandable, but it raises the bleak possibility that they will use the public sphere as a means by which to impose religious doctrines, or specifically religious morality. Some may even see nothing wrong with this - and those are the people whom we have every cause to fear. If the Quetzalcoatlists or the Thorians take this stance, then they stand outside of the Enlightenment compromise ... and just as they can give no guarantee of tolerating the rest of us if they come to wield the coercive power of the state, they have no claim to toleration by us. If that is their attitude, they are outside the Lockean circle, beyond the pale of liberal tolerance.
However, it's way, way, premature to conclude that Islam falls into such a category. As I've written in earlier posts, Locke thought that atheism and Roman Catholicism were beyond the pale, but this has turned out not to be true - atheists can be peaceful and honest citizens as much as anyone, and while the current Catholic leadership appears less and less interested in the Lockean concept as it is understood today, and more and more inclined to impose its views by force of law where it can, Catholics have also made good citizens. The expansion of the circle of liberal tolerance to include a wide range of religious and non-religious worldviews has been a great success story in Western history. There is every reason to think that almost any religious sect can come to value the political benefits of voluntarily joining the circle.
So what should Waleed Aly have said?
Well, he could have said something like this:
"I cannot guarantee that I'll come to the political table setting aside my identity as a Muslim. But I can guarantee you this much: from within my understanding of Islam, I accept the political values of individual liberty and religious tolerance. I do not make the Christian distinction between Church and State, but I realise that what you are really concerned about is whether I understand that I am living in a liberal society and whether I accept the distinction between sin and crime. Yes, I do understand and accept those things. From within my own view of the world, I can see the necessity for tolerance of all views that advocate reciprocal tolerance. I also accept the political need for something like John Stuart Mill's harm principle (we can discuss the details of the 'something like', but I am not using weasel words). I can say unequivocally that it would not be my intention to prohibit behaviour merely on the ground that it is theologically wrong in my understanding of Islam. I will look for clear secular harm before I invoke the might of the state in an attempt to restrict liberty. I will not invoke the superiority of a way of life that is favoured by Islam, and I will respect the right of others to pursue their own conceptions of the good, however foreign to Islam's values. Nothing in my understanding of Islam prevents me acting in accordance with those liberal political values, knowing that I live in a liberal country."
I have hopes that Aly could give that undertaking - or something very like it - sincerely. Elsewhere in his book, he shows that he does value religious tolerance and does understand the distinction between the theological notion of sin and the secular political notion of crime. Many liberal Muslims, perhaps most, could probably give such an undertaking - perhaps with more sincerity than some Christians.
That is what we need from religionists when they enter the public sphere. When Aly was grilled by the audience at his panel session, that is all he need have said.
It would be reassurance enough.
Posted by Russell Blackford at 6:19 pm
Brian English said...
Good article Russell.
1. Having read a few articles by Irfan Yusuf, in which he says that muslims (of his stripe at least) are bound to live by the civil/moral code of the land in which they are a minority I think it possible that muslims will abide by the law of the land (for now anyway.) And he says some clerics go as far as declaring Australia a country of "people of the book", that is Abrahamic religionists and thus able to fit in fine due to some interpretation of the Quran and hadith. This gives me a few causes for concern; the first is, what if one day muslims aren't the minority? A long way off I know, but it goes against secular tolerance - minorities are not to be crushed by majorities. Still I suppose it needs to be framed that way for less liberal muslims to coexist with us infidels. A more proximate concern is the religious framing of the acceptance of | 1,216 |
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Exclusive: John and Drew Dowdle Talk Practical Effects in 'No Escape'
Posted by Ryan | Nov 24, 2015 | Exclusives, Interviews | 0 |
John and Drew Dowdle discuss the reality of their film "No Escape."
We had the chance to discuss the film "No Escape" with the director and writers of the film John and Drew Dowdle. Throughout the discussion we find out the intricate details that kept the film's intensity high and the reality that inspired the film's creation. We also discover that much of the film is surrounded by real-life, practical effects rather than CG imposed shots. Read through below to find out what makes "No Escape" an action film that will have you on the edge of your seat.
John Erick Dowdle:
Hey Ryan, how are you doing?
Film Fad:
Good, how about yourself?
Good, thank you.
Drew Dowdle:
So I'm going to start off with asking, what was the inspiration for writing "No Escape?"
Well it started when my father and I were doing a tour of southeast Asia. And right before we left there was a coup that overthrew the government in Thailand. The generals had taken over the country and it was a couple days before we landed there and we decided to go anyway. And we showed up right in the wake of this coup and it was a peaceful coup but tensions were high. There was armed guards everywhere. It just had this tension in the air and I started thinking, "What would happen if this was a bad coup and you showed up and there was no advance warning or anything like that." Just suddenly the generals had taken over and what if this had went badly? We had previously gone to Thailand with my parents and my two little sisters who are roughly the same ages and they're similar to the little girls in the movie<|fim_middle|>'s more than one night. I really enjoy that. One of them is a lot of perspective, there's a lot going on. And the other one is more of a slow burn, psychological type story which is also very interesting to us because we do spend a lot of time. A lot of our energy in film, kind of doing these fast paced films, this is very very different at a much slower pace but really interesting and I think that's a chance for us to do something a little different.
Well I know we're running out on time here but I wanted to thank you guys both so much for taking the time. We'll be posting a Blu-ray review fairly soon (found here) and you guys can look forward to it being very positive because I really enjoyed it.
Thank you, appreciate that Ryan.
Tell us your thoughts on "No Escape!" We want to know what you think of the film!
"No Escape" comes out on Blu-ray on November 24th
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Exclusive: Gabriela Lopez Talks 'The 5th Wave,' Johnny Depp, 'American Horror Story' | . It came from that and Drew and I just started hashing it out and working it through.
We've always been drawn to stories of characters being caught in an unexpected crisis and our last three movies prior to "No Escape" kind of had that underlying theme and this one fit right in and we liked the ideas. Really regular parents with kids in a completely unexpected, terrible situation.
Drew: We've always been drawn to stories of characters being caught in an unexpected crisis
Sure, so Owen Wilson and Pierce Brosnan…on the surface level it seems kind of like an odd casting pair but when you look at Brosnan's history of espionage films and Wilson's "Behind Enemy Lines," where he's also trying to reach a border, they kind of fit very well. How were they chosen for these roles?
We like to cast really warm actors. The world of "No Escape" is such a cold world, we really wanted to bring warm actors into it to make it more inviting. For the role of Jack we wanted somebody who you haven't really seen do something like this. We wanted a regular person, like one of your friends in this situation not like a "actiony" person in that situation. And then we liked the idea of doing something a little revelatory for that actor. And then we started thinking, "Wouldn't it be fun to cast someone like Pierce Brosnan?" He in a very specific way and then flip that on its head a little too. Make him sort of rugged and an alcoholic and bearded and see what happens with that. It became good fun for us and Pierce, that guy can do anything, it's really fun to see him do a character.
It became good fun for us and Pierce, that guy can do anything…
Definitely. Let me preface this next question by saying that I love this film. I was fully engage throughout, but I know action-thrillers generally catch a bad wrap from critics. One aspect we always speak to in our publication on Film Fad is entertainment value which "No Escape" definitely has. Do you think some critics sometimes forget to say whether they just simply enjoyed a film like this?
(laughs)
We can read a review that might not have loved the film but then say things like the film was really well made and it was really tense and we try to mine a lot of the positives out of a review that might overall be a little negative because reviewers are forced to watch movies that they may not be the audience for. And it's kind of how it works with that if it's not their kind of movie. We were encouraged by how many of the reviews mentioned the quality of the making of, the quality of the performances, and the tension. To us that felt like there was a lot of stock in that.
Yeah and I'd like to reiterate, I did, I really loved this film. I thought it was very entertaining and it's one of the reasons why we go to the movies, to be entertained and I think that's something that's lost with a lot of films.
Yeah, thank you…haha, we would agree with you on that.
(laughs) I use my girlfriend as kind of a factor for something that audiences will love because she falls asleep during so many. But she was fully engaged throughout (laughs). But more recently we spoke a pretty prominent stuntman in Hollywood about some of the intimate details of stuntwork and throughout "No Escape" it just seems to have many practical rather than CGI stunts throughout. I wanted to ask, what do you think were some of the most challenging moments when executing some of these stunts?
I would say the roof throw sequence. We wrote that into the script in the first draft and the two questions were, "How are you going to throw a kid off a rooftop and how are you going to crash a helicopter on to a hotel roof without spending a gazillion dollars on the movie?"
And not killing anyone…
(laughs) Or killing anyone, yeah (laughs). And what you said, really just about everything in the movie is practical. We did almost no CG. It's a real helicopter flying around the roof, it's a helicopter body crashing on to the roof. We wanted everything to feel right and when you go practical, it just feels real. It's often that people go CG when you could just as easily do it practically and do it better. For the rooftop, early on people kept saying, "Just build the rooftop on stage. You can put green screens all around it and it will be safe and easy…" and we're like, "No, we want it to be on a hotel rooftop where you feel the height." We wanted to be able to see the expanse and make it feel real. But going back to what you were asking, the roof throw, initially we didn't know how we were going to do that. We assumed we would probably have stunt people that we threw off and in fact it ended up being the real actresses. The little girls are being thrown off a rooftop. And it shows in their faces (laughs).
The little girls are being thrown off a rooftop. And it shows in their faces (laughs).
We had worked it through with Thai stunt kids repeatedly in a warehouse. We built courses on the rooftops that were pretty high in the air. John's son had watched on the iPad and seen some of the test runs with the stunt kids and he really wanted to do it. So we invited everyone on location on a Saturday, the moms and the daughters and the two of us and John's son. We watch the stunt kids do it a couple times and then we strapped Henry, John's kid, up to the wires and we threw him from one to the other. And the little actresses were…it was like a ride, they all wanted to do it. And obviously there wasn't a camera there then but we went through it a few times and they actually had a pretty good time with it. So then we really could us the real girls and they were comfortable and their mothers were comfortable. And then we changed it, instead of throwing the girls face down, we could throw them face up. And on the second throw, the Lucy throw, we actually put the cinematographer on wires and he jumped over with the camera kind of alongside her. It was a tough thing to choreograph but it really gives you the feeling that you're falling with her and that we felt like was pretty cool.
Yeah and I could definitely tell throughout, as I mentioned, I could see the practical effects. And I'm one of those people that it really engages me further when I can see all of the effort that went into something as practical as this. But outside of the entertainment value of this film, I know you touched on it briefly but was there any particular message or theme you were trying to convey throughout?
One of the things that was really important to us is there was a number of years ago, and it has a happy ending, our dad was in a plane crash and he almost died and he's rallied since so now he's fine. But Drew and I had all of these problems going on in our normal day-to-day lives and suddenly there's this moment of "Dad's been in a plane crash, you've gotta get to Fargo, North Dakota where he crashed. Get here in the next 12 hours, because we don't know if he's going to live through the night." And suddenly everything just melts away. It's like everything that seemed like a problem is just nonsense and the things that are important, family and the human connections we have with each other, not jobs or who you're dating…all of that stuff becomes irrelevant. Drew and I both got there within 12 hours and there was that feeling of, "This is what's important." And we really wanted to invoke that kind of feeling. Jack's down on himself at the start because life isn't turning out the way he wanted it to, he had higher dreams and aspirations for himself, and he feels like he's letting his family down and he feels bad about that. But when the shit hits the fan, this is what's important, this family is what's important. And we really liked exploring that in this.
"What would I do if I was this character? What would I do in this situation?"
Well let me ask you, outside of "No Escape," both of you seem to enjoy being involved in some high intensity, fast paced films. Is this a genre that you tend to thrive in or particularly enjoy?
Yeah. We really love intense movies. I love watching the movies that grip me and we try to do that the best we can to really grip an audience and not give them time to think about bills they have to pay and stuff like that. We like to create an immersive experience.
Yeah, immersive is a good word. Like something that's experiential where you're not thinking about your life outside of it. Once you're drawn in you're thinking about, "What would I do if I was this character? What would I do in this situation?" If you're thinking along those lines throughout the movie then we feel like we've done our job and we tend to like to keep the foot on the gas during our films.
Well let me close with this question. Do either of you have anything in the future that you're looking forward to or anything that you want to get involved with in the future?
You mean like film-wise?
Film-wise or any other projects that are just really your niche in general.
Well right now we're starting to get our foot into TV right now. And that's really fun. TV has become so interesting in this new era. We were like, "Wouldn't it be fun to do an 8-hour movie spread across 8 episodes?" I find that to be appealing. We're really excited about a couple projects that we're working on in that space right now.
Yeah, it gives you a lot more opportunity to go deep on character when you have 6 hours or 8 hours. The TV things that we're both close to right now are both limited series. And there's something about a slightly longer format. I know as an audience member, I love that type of experience of watching something that I know is going to be over in 8 hours and is not going to go on for 7 seasons but it's more than one viewing, it | 2,134 |
This exceptional Southern California Half Marathon starts on Newport Center Drive loop in front of our Official Start Line Hotel, the Newport Beach Marriott Hotel & Spa just south of Santa Barbara Drive. The<|fim_middle|> 6.5 miles will be extremely fast with only minor inclines. Mile 6.5 to 7.0 is the only significant hill on the course taking the runners from 15 feet to 75 feet. The course is then mostly flat through mile 10.5, a couple rolling hills to 11.5 with a flat and fast final stretch into the OC Fair & Event Center. Register now for the OC Half Marathon. | Orange County Half Marathon finishes at the OC Fair and Event Center just off the 55 Freeway in the heart of Costa Mesa.
The first mile of the OC Half Marathon course includes a breathtaking panorama of the Pacific Ocean before winding through the seaside village of Corona del Mar including the spectacular Ocean Blvd. with cliffside views of Big Corona del Mar State Beach. It traverses down Bayside Drive, past the Newport Harbor Yacht Clubs and homes and boats of Newport Harbor. Exceptional views await runners at the bluffs overlooking the Upper Newport Bay Estuary Reserve as are the supportive cheers of neighborhood residents.
The OC Half Marathon course is net downhill in elevation from start to finish. The first | 139 |
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Carrie G. Jul 30 .
<|fim_middle|> a review. | I enjoy taking the children just to visit and pick up a few neat things for the family. The Pass Pro Shop is always a great experience for my boys! We went to the summer fun camp they had going on, but we came in on the wrong day. We had misread and they had a bug event that day instead of the camp my boys were interested in, but the staff was very helpful and told us to treck upstairs and they would have something more their style. So we went up and the boys were taught how to shoot a compound bow and bee bee gun. They were so excited. They had the laser shooting range free of charge that day, and the boys really had a blast. I was also able to find some great gifts for my Husband for Fathers day that day, including some crazy hot sauce and chili he absolutely loved. I was expecting to find the normal sporting goods items there, but it was a pleasant surprise to find some hot sauce and chili as well.
My kids always love getting their picture taken in front of the bear, and watching the fish and the turtles. They have been saving their pennies now for the penny Crusher, they love to collect those. They have also added a rough rider bee bee gun to their Christmas lists this year, and completely relate to " Ralph" from the Christmas story.
If you've been to or used Bass Pro Shops, leave | 281 |
Home Community Report Effutuman celebrate 2022 Aboakyer festival
Effutuman celebrate 2022 Aboakyer festival
The chiefs and<|fim_middle|> the government to construct an ultra-modern market for them, saying the current state of the market in Winneba Township was not the best.
Mrs Justina Marigold Assan, Central Regional Minister, applauded the chiefs and people of the area for celebrating this year's festival peacefully and expressed the hope that they would continue to sustain and improve on a united front to forge development.
She also thanked all who in diverse ways contributed towards a peaceful and successful celebration and hoped it would pave the way for investors and tourists to visit the community.
She mentioned that teenage pregnancy in the region was on the ascendancy and therefore appealed to the chiefs to help fight the menace.
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Alexander Brown | people of Effutu Traditional Area have held a grand durbar to climax its weeklong activities to commemorate this year's Aboakyer Festival.
Preceding the durbar was the famous hunting of a live deer by the two Asafo Companies (Tuafo and Dentsefo), from the sacred forest, which was presented to Oma Odefe at the durbar for him to step on three times as tradition demands.
The festival was held on the theme: "Together we build the road to a progressive society."
This year's first catch after the hunting expedition was brought by Tuafo Asafo Company to the durbar grounds at 0800hours.
At exactly 0704 hours, news broke out that the Tuafo had made the first catch which led to a wild jubilation among the gathering at the durbar grounds, some of whom left the place to welcome the victorious Asafo Company from it hunting expedition.
Information gathered also indicated that Dentsefo Number two company made a catch but failed to send it to the grounds with unknown reason.
Neenyi Ghartey VII, Effutu Oma Odefe, in his address, stated that no matter how arduous the adventure into the thicket to hunt for a live deer, the practice would be sustained to honour their ancestors and protect their historic culture for posterity.
Neenyi Ghartey informed the gathering that the theme for this year's celebration was selected on purpose, because the Effutu Paramountcy believed in the importance of each and every member of the community and how special their contributions were towards the total growth and development of the area.
According to him, Effutuman had enjoyed remarkable progress with the construction of a safe landing facility and with regard thanked President Nana Akufo-Addo's government and expressed the hope that when commissioned, fish hygiene would be improved just as the safety of canoes.
He appealed to | 398 |
Murphy delivers big hit for Yankees in 5-3 win over Orioles
BALTIMORE (AP) A part-time player got a big-time double to help the New York Yankees avert a three-game sweep.
John Ryan Murphy had the Yankees' only hit in a three-run fifth inning, and New York received a strong performance from its bullpen in a 5-3 win over the Baltimore Orioles on Sunday.
Mark Teixeira drove in a run and scored one as the first-place Yankees ended Baltimore's six-game winning streak.
New York trailed 3-2 before rallying in the fifth. After Orioles rookie Mike Wright (2-2) issued three straight walks - all on 3-2 pitches - to load the bases, Brian Matusz walked Garrett Jones with the count full to force in a run. Two outs later<|fim_middle|>time you are able to win the series against a division rival, it's good,'' first baseman Chris Davis said. ''I thought we played a pretty clean game for the most part. Didn't make a lot of mistakes, didn't make a lot of errors. We just got beat today.''
Rodriguez went 0 for 4 with a walk for New York to remain five hits short of 3,000 for his career.
Teixeira drove in a first-inning run with an opposite-field double that hit the chalk in deep left. Reimold answered with a two-run single in the bottom half.
Three singles and a sacrifice fly by Brett Gardner tied it in the second.
Warren retired eight straight before Reimold walked to open the fourth and scored on a double by Caleb Joseph.
WELCOME RELIEF
Yankees: Shreve has eight straight scoreless appearances while holding the opposition to an .097 batting average.
Orioles: Tyler Wilson, recalled Sunday from Triple-A Norfolk, pitched 3 1-3 scoreless innings - longest by a Baltimore reliever this season.
Yankees: RHP Ivan Nova (elbow) pitched six innings for New York's Triple-A affiliate in his second rehab start Saturday. ''The report on him is that he threw OK,'' Girardi said. ''His velocity was decent. His curveball maybe wasn't quite as sharp as we've seen it.''
Yankees: Rodriguez heads home to Miami, where New York will play a two-game series that begins Monday night. Masahiro Tanaka (4-1) starts for the Yankees.
Orioles: Wei-Yin Chen (2-4, 3.21 ERA) starts against the Philadelphia Phillies in an interleague clash at Camden Yards.
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Shohei Ohtani sweepstakes: Ranking every MLB team's chances to sign him | , Murphy bounced a two-run double off the glove of third baseman Manny Machado.
Murphy, New York's backup catcher, got three hits to raise his batting average 42 points to .250. He entered the game with four extra-base hits and three RBIs.
''He did an outstanding job. He's a big reason we won today,'' manager Joe Girardi said.
Matusz was pitching for the first time since May 31 after serving an eight-game suspension for using a foreign substance while on the mound.
Batting eighth in a lineup that contains Alex Rodriguez, Teixeira and Brett Gardner, Murphy got the hit that mattered most. That it went in the direction of the 2013 Gold Glove winner made it just a little bit more dicey.
''I guess any time you hit the ball that way you expect it to be caught,'' Murphy said. ''It was a tough play for him diving down the line. I hit it hard.''
Orioles manager Buck Showalter said, ''I was surprised he got leather on it.''
New York starter Adam Warren was pulled with two outs in the fifth and replaced by Chasen Shreve (3-1), who went 1 1-3 innings.
Justin Wilson got six consecutive outs before turning it over to Dellin Betances. Filling in for injured closer Andrew Miller, Betances worked around a walk in the ninth for his third save.
''You don't want to get swept. It's a division opponent,'' Girardi said. ''We did not play well the first two days. We played much better today and didn't give them extra outs, and we won the game.''
Nolan Reimold had two RBIs for the Orioles, who managed only six hits after scoring 20 runs on 31 hits in their previous two games. Baltimore was seeking a seventh straight win for the first time since 2005.
''We made some headway over the last few games,'' Showalter said. ''We've just got to keep grinding through it.''
Four straight walks helped put a halt to the win streak, but the Orioles had little to lament after taking three from Boston and a pair from the Yankees to start an eight-game homestand.
''Any | 470 |
As the development of Nexpaq modular case for smartphones is moving ahead, new companies with fresh innovative ideas for modules join the Nexpaq ecosystem. One of them is Fantom Dynamics that specializes in innovative technology integration with everyday telecommunication devices. Recently, Fantom Dynamics came up with a concept of extension for Nexpaq, which enables the modular case to work as a two-way radio.
The radio module prototype is called DXBm. It slides right into the Nexpaq modular case, and turns the smartphone into a walkie-talkie. Besides, the radio module enables users to create their own private network with text messaging and voice capability without the need for internet or cellular connection. It means using DBXm you can chat with friends, family, co-workers or groups nearby, share the location, send SOS broadcasts, and more. The DXBm for business allows for more features, including voice and text encryption. DXBm is a perfect solution during music festivals, outdoor events, off road trips, or using on the deck of a cruise ship or any location where cellular or wifi connection<|fim_middle|> the DXBm modules can be preordered (reserved) already, shipment is scheduled for January 2016. Also, let us remind you that Nexpaq case is available for a wide range of popular smartphones, including Samsung Galaxy S6, Samsung Galaxy Note 4 and iPhone 6. | just isn't an option, should a natural disaster strike.
According to the official Fantom Dynamics website, | 21 |
In this environment, you see a character I developed, Space Girl performing a choreo to the song Impossible (covered by Fifth Harmony). Space Girl is located in different places within the scene and she is different sizes. The viewer travels throughout two major environments, a mountain valley and a futuristic subway station. And eventually the viewer exits the environment into another galaxy.
This project came about as I was interested in the idea of trains and subways as a motive for transportation and how trains can often take us, physically, through different spaces. I view these spaces in some ways as different worlds. So, I wanted to offer users a similar experience.
I created Space Girl and the train within medium and used a custom MoCap animation. The movement of the camera was due to a camera sequence.
One major challenge I had was the textures I created within Medium did not apply to the models in Unreal.
Editing the camera sequence to get the right flow was more difficult than I thought it would be.
A longer choreo so that the performance does not seem repetitive.
Get the actual texture on the models I made.
We also tried to do hand and finger motion capture.
The interactions that I included within my scene were to cut on a light, play an audio and make another character appear in the environment.
Once the ball drops, the light will turn on. Also, Space Girl Can Activate the light also. After the ball rolls into a trigger box it plays an audio, "Impossible" by Fifth Harmony. Then it rolls into another trigger box which makes a larger Space Girl visible.
This lab was extremely fun. It also challenged our creativity, as actors and directors. We had to think through our movements.
I decided to model Space Girl in Medium.
Here is Space Girl in the environment I created.
I created this character, Space Girl. She wears a<|fim_middle|> compelling VR content in addition to AR content. Looking back at experiences I previously developed, I was limited in this area.
Lately, I've been interested in subways/trains and the culture within subways. I have also been intrigued by the idea of space travel. As a result, my mood board is filled with content from outer space and subways and trains. Particularly, I am drawn to the natural path a railroads create. They either guide our eyes into the depths of a forest or into the darkness of a tunnel. For me, it is there that I begin to imagine other worlds.
Below are images from my mood board.
Here for full mood board.
For the lab a few of us worked as a group to calibrate the room.
Here, you can see the data points of the wand. We made sure all of the camera had at least 10,000 sample.
Here you can see Asha showing these cameras some love. They were feeling a little neglected by the wand.
We ten moved to calibrate the ground.
Here, we successfully calibrated the room.
Here are the steps we took for calibrating the room. | an astronaut space helmet an a number eight jersey (referencing Lakers and Kobe Bryant when he wore number 8). She also has purple socks and black shoes.
Space Girl enjoys traveling through time and space while exploring parallel universes. She has found a way to hack her VR headset that allows the virtual world she creates to exist in the real world. Or she can travel through the real world through her headset. I'm not sure which will be the case.
Eventually she will accompanied by several other character who all find an interest in solving real world issues. They journey through time in search of solving the problems in their world.
I am excited about this class. My interest in this class is that I would have the capability to capture custom animations/motion. Currently I have been limited to using preexisting animation from Mixamo. I believe this will afford me the opportunity to make more | 176 |
Pennline Quiknote Helps You Organize Your Workday!
From William Penn, the preferred destination for top-of-the line writing instruments and premium business accessories, come another nifty "must-have": Pennline 'Quiknote'. This handy little organizer allows you to segment and slot your business or personal meetings (and reference notes) into easily accessible sections consisting of two separate Quikfills & utility pouches. No more fidgeting with an unwieldy diary: you have a product with an elegant Brown or Black outer leatherette cover and 2 books (plain and ruled) along with a colorful extra book as an inaugural offer.
We make notes while on the telephone, or on slips of paper, as we rush between business meeting and try to catch up with office deadlines and urgent personal work. We jot down items on sheets of paper, having to fish for them later. The Quiknote lets you pull out individual booklets so as to compartmentalize your workday efficiently.
A total of 5 types of Quikfills (Plain, Ruled, Dot-grid, Graph and Colorful) form the options of Pennline Quiknote: each having a differently coloured outer cover. The complete kit fits into a well-designed outer packaging box with a Belly Band wrapped around it and a Promotional Sticker too. The 3rd colorful book<|fim_middle|> writing instrument store was established at Forum Mall, Bangalore. William Penn today has 31 exclusive outlets across 11 cities and more than 20 globally renowned brands on offer. From retailing at the best locations to offering a curated range of lifestyle accessories sourced from across the globe, William Penn takes that extra effort to give customers a world-class shopping experience.
Buy and register now for this thoughtfully-designed Quiknote! | has an insert announcing: "Register online with us using your coupon code and win a free pack of two Quikfills (Dot grid or graph)"; which will be posted to you. The Belly Band will give all the information and specifications and a specific QR code to help you land at the Quiknote web page to make purchases.
William Penn, the purveyor of premium writing instruments, started its operations in the year 2002, as a stationery and writing accessories store in Koramangala, Bangalore. In 2004, the first exclusive | 117 |
Cancer in Children
The youngest patients, the toughest battles
Breakthroughs and complications in childhood cancer treatment
Some types of childhood cancer are much more treatable today, while others are still a challenge for researchers.
The survival rate for children diagnosed with cancer has risen from just 10% in the 1950s to nearly 85% today. That's one of the most striking examples of progress in modern medicine.
Federally funded clinical trials, most of them conducted by the National Cancer Institute (NCI), have been especially important in developing new treatments for pediatric cancer.
Though some types of childhood cancer are much more treatable today, others are still proving to be a challenge for researchers.
Brigitte C. Widemann, M.D.
NIH MedlinePlus magazine spoke with two of NCI's top pediatric oncologists about some of the groundbreaking research achievements of the past decade for children's cancers. They also talked about some of the difficulties doctors still face in treating this disease in kids.
Brigitte C. Widemann, M.D., is chief of NCI's pediatric oncology branch. She helped develop the first medical therapy approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat tumors in children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). NF1 tumors are rare but occur more commonly in very young<|fim_middle|> recent decades and improvement has been especially dramatic for a few...
A clinical trial and your caring heart mean everything to Terran and her family
When Terran, 14, passed out in school, an ambulance took her to the hospital. Scans revealed two large blood clots in... | children with NF1.
Malcolm A. Smith, M.D., Ph.D., is the associate branch chief for pediatric oncology at NCI. He is an expert in cancer therapy evaluation. He is also a key NCI liaison to childhood cancer researchers across the country.
"Sharing of data from all cancer centers is important, especially for rare pediatric cancers."
– Brigitte C. Widemann, M.D.
What are some of the most recent breakthroughs in childhood cancer treatment?
Dr. Widemann: The development of immunotherapy treatment for acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), the most common childhood cancer, is a major breakthrough. In 2017, a type of immunotherapy called CAR T-cell, which uses a strengthened version of the patient's own cells to fight the leukemia, was approved by the FDA for children. It's now one of the most effective treatments for ALL. We also have many clinical trials going on to target other cancers and solid tumors. We're very excited about it and hopeful for similar advances against other types of cancers.
Dr. Smith: We also saw the first FDA-approved immunotherapy for children with high-risk neuroblastoma, a cancer that often presents widely disseminated throughout the body and that can be very difficult to treat. In 2015, based on findings from an NCI-sponsored clinical trial, the FDA approved the antibody therapy drug dinutuximab for high-risk neuroblastoma. The drug binds to a molecule on the surface of the neuroblastoma cells, causing an immune response that can kill the cells. In 2019, another NCI-supported trial showed that two back-to-back stem cell transplants are more beneficial for advanced neuroblastoma than just one. Children in the trial who received two transplants, followed by dinutuximab, lived substantially longer without their cancer progressing.
Childhood cancer survivors often face long-term health effects, including hearing loss, heart damage, impaired fertility, and a higher risk for a second cancer. What is being done to track survivors' health and bring more attention to these effects?
Malcolm A. Smith, M.D., Ph.D.
Dr. Smith: The Childhood Cancer Survivor Study, which began in 1994 and is funded by NCI, follows more than 38,000 survivors diagnosed from the 1970s to the 1990s to identify late effects as a result of cancer treatment. The one thing we can do now as we learn more about these long-term effects is to research ways to change the up-front therapy, reducing the use of drugs that cause some of these problems. For example, we are using precision therapy or molecularly targeted therapies that may have fewer short- and long-term effects.
Dr. Widemann: Understanding what drives tumors has the potential to reduce some of the toxicity of chemotherapy. We are working on understanding the genetic makeup of specific tumors so that we can understand which ones may need less treatment. For example, a recent clinical trial had promising results using the tumor-inhibitor drug selumetinib instead of chemotherapy for children with a low-grade type of brain tumor called a glioma.
What is needed to encourage more research and development of treatment for pediatric cancers?
Dr. Widemann: Sharing of data from all cancer centers is important, especially for rare pediatric cancers. When only 30 or 40 children a year get a type of cancer, it's important that we can quickly collect data from each of those cases to do research and get a better understanding of the disease and determine what treatment will be effective and safe.
Dr. Smith: Because pediatric cancers are relatively uncommon compared to adult cancers, we need to be able to collect and share data from all the individual centers nationwide that care for young people with cancer. That's why NCI recently created the Childhood Cancer Data Initiative. Our goals include gathering data from every child, adolescent, and young adult diagnosed with a pediatric cancer, regardless of where they receive care, and creating a national strategy to speed diagnosis and guide treatment for all types of pediatric cancer.
Image credit: Adobe Stock; NIH
MedlinePlus: Cancer in Children
National Cancer Institute: Childhood Cancers
ClinicalTrials.gov: Childhood Cancer
Learn more about healthy pregnancy for plus-size women.
About 15,000 children under age 20 are diagnosed with cancer each year in the United States.
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Explore More on MedlinePlus.gov
Cancer in ChildrenChildren's Health
CancerLeukemia
New treatments possible for a rare childhood cancer
Thanks to new research, children with the rare childhood cancer rhabdomyosarcoma, or RMS, may be able to receive more targeted...
Childhood cancer: By the numbers
Survival rates for most childhood cancers have improved in | 991 |
Great River Health System is offering three free prenatal and infant-care classes<|fim_middle|>, Oct. 5 and 12. The class helps expectant parents learn the essentials of caring for a newborn, including car-seat safety.
A condensed Childbirth Prep class for women in their sixth or seventh month of pregnancy is scheduled from 9 a.m. to 3:30 p.m. Saturday, Oct. 7. It's for women and their partners who already have had a birthing experience or want a one-day intense course.
Registration is required. To register or receive more information, please call Great River Corporate Education at (319) 768-4070 or toll-free 866-297-9516, between 7 a.m. and 3:30 p.m. Monday through Friday. Register online at GreatRiverMedical.org/events. | in October. They will be in the Oak Room on the lower level of Great River Medical Center, 1221 S. Gear Ave., West Burlington, IA.
An infant and child CPR class for parents, grandparents, older siblings and babysitters who don't require certification is scheduled from 6:30 to 8:30 p.m. Tuesday, Oct. 3. It includes demonstration and practice of what to do for a choking infant or child.
The two-session Baby-Care Basics class will be from 6:30 to 9 p.m. Thursdays | 120 |
(NOFA) for the creation of affordable rental housing in Fremont.
Approximately $8.0 million in funding is available to support predevelopment, acquisition and construction or rehabilitation of affordable housing. The funding is intended to fill the financing gap between a project's total development cost and other available financing sources.
The funding available through this NOFA is for capital costs only; no financing is available to fund operating subsidies or supportive services. It should be noted that if additional housing funds become available to the City during the NOFA evaluation process, the amount awarded through this NOFA may also increase.
and demonstrate their ability to finance, design, build/rehabilitate and manage affordable housing are encouraged to submit proposals. All proposals must be received by February 13, 2015. Applications submitted after the deadline will not be considered. Funding will be awarded by the City on a competitive basis to the project or projects that provide the best opportunity to address the City's affordable housing needs.
The City reserves the right to request that Applicants submit additional information as may be requested by staff to clarify submitted information. Also, the City reserves the right to reject any and all proposals for any reason, and at its sole discretion.
AUSTIN, TX - U.S. Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Secretary Julián Castro announced funding available to help local communities across the country to redevelop severely distressed public and HUD-assisted housing and transform surrounding neighborhoods. This funding would increase if there is an FY2015 appropriation from Congress.
Part of the Obama Administration's effort to build Ladders of Opportunity to the middle class, HUD is offering grants of up to $30 million through its Choice Neighborhoods Implementation Program to support locally driven solutions for transforming neighborhoods struggling to address poor quality housing, inadequate schools, poor health, high crime, and lack of capital.
Speaking at the annual convention of the National League of Cities (NLC) in Austin, Texas, Castro said the grants will help create jobs, increase economic activity, improve affordable housing, reduce violence and expand educational opportunities. Grantees and their partners use the funds as a catalyst - stimulating approximately $7.50 in public and private investment for every $1 in the Choice Neighborhoods funding.
"These Choice Neighborhood grants will empower local communities to leverage public and private investment and achieve greater collective impact," Castro said. "We look forward to working with community leaders to breathe new life into struggling neighborhoods-and to transform them into places where residents can flourish and dreams can thrive."
People: Improve educational outcomes and intergenerational mobility for youth with services and supports delivered directly to youth and their families.
HUD's commitment to teamwork means local residents and leaders are leading the way in revitalizing their communities. To accomplish these core goals, communities must have in place a comprehensive neighborhood revitalization strategy, or Transformation Plan. This Transformation Plan is the guiding document for the revitalization of the public and/or assisted housing units, while simultaneously directing the transformation of the surrounding neighborhood and positive outcomes for families.
Choice Neighborhoods Implementation grants are available for public housing authorities, local governments, nonprofit organizations, tribal entities, and for profit developers that apply jointly with a public entity to extend neighborhood transformation efforts beyond public and/or assisted housing. The program helps communities transform neighborhoods by revitalizing severely distressed public and/or HUD-assisted multifamily housing and investing and leveraging investments in well-functioning<|fim_middle|>, has supported the needs of renters and homeowners by creating and financing progressive housing solutions so more Californians have a place to call home. | services, high quality public schools and education programs, high quality early learning programs and services, public assets, public transportation, and improved access to jobs.
Today, Choice Neighborhoods Implementation Grantees can be found in cities such as Boston, Columbus, and San Antonio. In Boston, a local community economic development corporation successfully converted a vacant, blighted 36,000 square-foot factory into a food production hub that is expected to bring 50 businesses and 150 jobs to the local neighborhood in its first five years of operation. In Columbus, the City, Housing Authority, and The Ohio State University are now implementing a community driven Transformation Plan with the support of Choice Neighborhoods funds in over $180 million in public and private sources. Finally, cities like San Antonio have leveraged Choice Neighborhoods efforts with federal funding to improve schools and public safety - an effort that has led to a Promise Zones designation.
SACRAMENTO, CA – The California Housing Finance Agency announced a major program expansion to help more low to moderate income California families purchase homes.
CalHFA will remove the first-time home buyer requirement on its first mortgage programs to allow more California home buyers to take advantage of the benefits of CalHFA's affordable financing.
"CalHFA's mortgage loans will now provide more low to moderate income families across the state with affordable opportunities to purchase homes with fixed-rate mortgages and down payment assistance programs," said CalHFA Executive Director Claudia Cappio.
California's homeownership rate stands at about 54.5 percent as of the end of the first quarter of this year, according to U.S. Census estimates, a full 10 percentage points below the national homeownership rate. California's rate dropped from more than 60 percent before the Great Recession.
Offering a first mortgage for 97 percent of the value of the home, combined with a 3 percent built-in down payment second.
Access to no interest and low-interest down payment assistance loans that don't have to be repaid until the home is sold, refinanced or the mortgage is paid off.
Combining with other CalHFA programs, including an energy efficiency grant for energy upgrades and federal tax credits that can reduce potential federal income tax liability.
All CalHFA lending programs require homebuyer education for future homeowners. Borrowers must also meet income and sales price limits that vary by county.
For nearly 40 years, CalHFA, a self-supported State agency that doesn't rely on taxpayer dollars | 511 |
Ohio Valley Christian guard Rachel Sargent looks to make a play from the wing during a game in Gallipolis, on January 15, 2016.
HUNTINGTON, W.Va. — Even though the double-overtime thriller didn't go their way, the Lady Defenders had something to celebrate on Monday.
OVCS senior Rachel Sargent<|fim_middle|>1,000-point club, scoring a game-high 27 points in a 51-47 double-overtime loss to non-conference host Covenant.
With a layup at the 3:47 mark of the third period, Sargent joined Emily Carman, Hallie Carter, Abby Mein and Madison Crank as OVCS girls to surpass the 1,000-point mark in their careers.
The Lady Defenders (0-3) trailed by just two points, 16-14, at the end of the opening period, and cut the deficit to one, 26-25, headed into halftime.
OVCS tied the game at 37 headed into the fourth quarter, and both teams scored four points over the final eight minutes of regulation. Both teams also scored three in the first overtime period, but the hosts outscored the Lady Defenders 7-to-3 in the second overtime, capping off the 51-47 victory.
Sargent — who now has a career point total of 1,010 — also pulled in 14 rebounds and blocked a team-best seven shots, to go with her 27 points.
Katie Bradley posted 13 points, three assists and five steals for the Blue and Gold, Emily Childers added six points, while Kristen Durst scored one marker.
For the game, OVCS shot 6-of-11 (54.5 percent) from the free throw line and 20-of-62 (32.3 percent) from the field, including 1-of-17 (6.9 percent) from three-point range. As a team, the Lady Defenders marked 33 rebounds, five assists, 11 steals and seven blocks.
Karleigh Collins led Covenant with 17 points, followed by Emily Hutchinson with 11 and Grace Hagley with 10. Amanda Bailey scored eight points for the victors, while Eden Bumgardner added three and Ambra Creighton chipped in with two.
The hosts were 13-of-29 from the charity stripe, including 8-of-15 in the overtime periods.
Ohio Valley Christian will try to avenge this loss on February 3, when they host Covenant.
The Lady Defenders will return to action on Thursday, when Cross Lanes Christian visits Gallipolis.
Alex Hawley can be reached at 740-446-2342, ext.2100. | became the fifth member of the Lady Defenders' | 11 |
Judge orders reputed onetime head of Chicago mob back to Chicago from California prison
Annie Sweeney, Chicago Tribune reporter
A perturbed federal judge on Thursday ordered that James Marcello, the reputed onetime<|fim_middle|> get him back here because that's my order. … He will remain until I order him released."
A spokesman for the U.S. Marshals Service in Chicago said arrangements would be made to bring Marcello back. Marcello was recently moved to the federal prison in Atwater, Calif., after a routine audit at the federal jail in downtown Chicago showed he was still incarcerated there and it appeared all his pending court matters had been resolved, authorities said.
Marcello was sentenced to life in prison three years ago after he and four others were convicted of racketeering conspiracy in the legendary Family Secrets trial in 2007 that riveted Chicago with its grisly details of 18 gangland murders from decades earlier. The jury found Marcello responsible for one of the most infamous Outfit slayings in Chicago history — the 1986 beatings of Anthony Spilotro, the mob's Las Vegas chieftain, and his brother Michael.
After his sentencing, Marcello was transferred to the California prison to serve his time, but he was returned to the Metropolitan Correctional Center, the Loop federal jail, at the request of the U.S. attorney's office so he could be present for a hearing on a related legal matter. Zagel then approved his extended stay for his appeal.
At Thursday's hearing, Marcello's attorney, Marc Martin, argued that his client has been very involved in the appeal of his conviction.
"To have his access pulled is problematic," Martin told the judge.
The government argued in favor of keeping Marcello in the California prison, suggesting he could speak to his lawyer by phone if needed.
Zagel rebuffed the phone calls, saying face-to-face meetings are preferable.
asweeney@tribune.com
Yu Darvish wonders if Brewers star Christian Yelich has forgiven him for their Twitter beef: 'I think he's still mad' | head of the Chicago mob who is serving a life sentence in California, be returned immediately to Chicago so that he can help his attorney in his pending appeal.
U.S. District Judge James Zagel, who two years ago ordered that Marcello be housed in a Chicago federal jail pending his appeal, told federal authorities to get him here as soon as possible.
Arguments in Marcello's appeal are slated for Monday.
"I don't even know how they're going to get him back," said Zagel, acknowledging the tight turnaround. "But they are going to | 111 |
Six exciting RawMaterials University Days will take place to educate high school and university students about the opportunities of our sector!
The locations for the RawMaterials University Days 2019 have now been confirmed! Each EIT RawMaterials Innovation Hub CLC will host the 2019 edition of the RawMaterials University Day together with the partners of our Innovation Community. We welcome all high school and university students to join the events and learn about the importance of minerals, metals and raw materials for modern life and the green energy transition of Europe. Education programmes and future career opportunities will be presented!
RawMaterials University Day (RMUD) will form the final day of the International Geosciences Student Conference (IGSC), a student-led and student-organised event, including keynote speakers, student posters and oral presentations, a panel discussion on 'Responsibly securing natural resources' and a farewell party.
IGSC is an excellent opportunity to build leadership skills, network with peers and sponsors,<|fim_middle|> Matter Art & Science Exhibition displayed at the Finnish EU Presidency at Finlandia Hall. The exhibit is accessible to the public and attractive to students of all ages.
The RMUD will take inspiration from the new MSc RAMES, which will educate geologists and engineers in developing a thorough knowledge of the raw materials value chain, including primary and secondary raw materials, material flow analysis, key circular economy processes, and entrepreneurial skills. In addition, some of the proposed activities are inspired by the MineHeritage project. The project intends to use cultural heritage, mining and raw materials to create popular educational tools for disseminating the importance of raw materials in history throughout society.
Activities will include inspirational keynote talks on careers in raw material sector, a round table session involving RAMES project partners, staff members of the universities and local task members: Regione Emilia Romagna, Bio-on, TCA, SpacEarth Technology, Innovation & Entrepreneurship representatives, students, start-ups, EIT Jumpstarter (Business Idea Competition) winners.
In addition, there will be tours of the BiGeA laboratories and the opportunity to meet successful local companies such as Bio-on, TCA, and SpacEarth Technology. There will be exhibitions on European mining sites, magnetic materials and the history of raw materials and their extraction.
Activities will include a campus tour, conferences from companies, senior researchers and PhD students, a careers fair and exhibition including companies and regional authorities, hands-on demonstrations, lab visits and more!
At Liège RMUD students will learn about the studies they could pursue in the field of raw materials with a special focus on geology and geological engineering (resources & recycling) and about future career opportunities. High school students will interact with professors, researchers, professionals from the industry, current students and alumni.
Students will have a chance to choose which activities they would like to participate in, giving them a perspective and a challenge to pursue a career in the raw materials sector. The main theme is: without mineral resources, most of the products we buy will not be available and modern life would not be possible.
Stay tuned for registration information for your preferred RawMaterials University Day! | and make a difference in the community – a platform where students from various Earth Science backgrounds come together to exchange ideas, present their research and enhance knowledge.
During the five days of the conference, participants will get a chance to listen and/or to present their own research in the form of oral or poster presentation. Additionally, IGSC attendees will participate in workshops led by industry leaders where they can gain practical skills and hands-on experience in trending geoscience topics. Keynote talks from academia and industry will provide interesting insights from their work.
Check out the website for more information and submit your abstract! Registration closes 30 April 2019.
There will be three free places up for grabs for the EIT RawMaterials Alumni members. Stay tuned for more information on how to apply!
The RMUD will form part of the EIT Festival organised in Otaniemi, Espoo, Finland as one of the official side events of Finland's EU Presidency, where EIT RawMaterials, EIT Digital, and EIT Food will all be present. The event will take place in multiple locations across Aalto University's Otaniemi campus. The main theme of the event is Circular Economy as well as Substitution and Recycling.
Materials | 247 |
ANSIBLE_METADATA = {'metadata_version': '1.1',
'status': ['preview'],
'supported_by': 'community'}
DOCUMENTATION = '''
---
module: ovirt_group_info
short_description: Retrieve information about one or more oVirt/RHV groups
author: "Ondra Machacek (@machacekondra)"
version_added: "2.3"
description:
- "Retrieve information about one or more oVirt/RHV groups."
- This module was called C(ovirt_group_facts) before Ansible 2.9, returning C(ansible_facts).
Note that the M(ovirt_group_info) module no longer returns C(ansible_facts)!
notes:
- "This module returns a variable C(ovirt_groups), which
contains a list of groups. You need to register the result with
the I(register) keyword to use it."
options:
pattern:
description:
- "Search term which is accepted by oVirt/RHV search backend."
- "For example to search group X use following pattern: name=X"
extends_documentation_fragment: ovirt_info
'''
EXAMPLES = '''
# Examples don't contain auth parameter for simplicity,
# look at ovirt_auth module to see how to reuse authentication:
# Gather information about all groups which names start with C(admin):
- ovirt_group_info:
pattern: name=admin*
register: result
- debug:
msg: "{{ result.ovirt_groups }}"
'''
RETURN = '''
ovirt_groups:
description: "List of dictionaries describing the groups. Group attributes are mapped to dictionary keys,
all groups attributes can be found at following url: http://ovirt.github.io/ovirt-engine-api-model/master/#types/group."
returned: On success.
type: list
'''
import traceback
from ansible.module_utils.basic import AnsibleModule
from ansible.module_utils.ovirt import (
check_sdk,
create_connection,
<|fim_middle|> == '__main__':
main()
| get_dict_of_struct,
ovirt_info_full_argument_spec,
)
def main():
argument_spec = ovirt_info_full_argument_spec(
pattern=dict(default='', required=False),
)
module = AnsibleModule(argument_spec)
is_old_facts = module._name == 'ovirt_group_facts'
if is_old_facts:
module.deprecate("The 'ovirt_group_facts' module has been renamed to 'ovirt_group_info', "
"and the renamed one no longer returns ansible_facts", version='2.13')
check_sdk(module)
try:
auth = module.params.pop('auth')
connection = create_connection(auth)
groups_service = connection.system_service().groups_service()
groups = groups_service.list(search=module.params['pattern'])
result = dict(
ovirt_groups=[
get_dict_of_struct(
struct=c,
connection=connection,
fetch_nested=module.params.get('fetch_nested'),
attributes=module.params.get('nested_attributes'),
) for c in groups
],
)
if is_old_facts:
module.exit_json(changed=False, ansible_facts=result)
else:
module.exit_json(changed=False, **result)
except Exception as e:
module.fail_json(msg=str(e), exception=traceback.format_exc())
finally:
connection.close(logout=auth.get('token') is None)
if __name__ | 298 |
The SHADA International Board
The board started with two SHADA members who have been constructive in setting SHADA International up. We are now welcoming new board members around the world.
Dr Tuppy Owens
Tuppy is the co-founder of SHADA UK and she runs both the meetings and its working group meetings in London, arranging the venue and the talks. Tuppy started working voluntarily with disabled people in 1979 and she continues to work for free as that is the only way not to be censored. Recently, she has found herself accepted: In 2009 Tuppy was named one of the Family Planning Association's 80 most influential achievers in the field of family planning. She won the 2015 Lifetime Achievement Award from the European Lifestyles Awards. She is also a Winner of the Innovation Award of Sexual Health and Human Rights UNESCO 2015 Finalist (Lifetime Achievement) in the Directory of Social Change Awards 2015. Now hurtling through her 70's, Tuppy is looking for some generous soul to provide funding to pay for a replacement.
Kevin Reel
Kevin Reel is a practicing healthcare ethicist in Toronto, Canada. He is also a registered occupational therapist who first encountered SHADA when he was living and working in the UK some years ago. He speaks to groups of healthcare providers regularly on the topic of the importance assisting people to feel positive about sexuality and sexual expression. As sexuality intersects deeply and sharply with ethics, Kevin finds the practice of healthcare ethics to be a very fertile ground for understanding one's own values and how they align with the societal values that surround us. Feeling frustrated by his inability to attend SHADA activities for many years, he is delighted to be able to help bring SHADA to the more of the world, and to that end is always seeking partners in 'the sublime'.
Andria Bianchi
Andria is a practicing healthcare ethicist in Toronto, Ontario. Her primary area of research considers the ethics of sex and people with dementia. Andria is an ethics committee member for an organization that works with people with developmental disabilities and she is the Communications Officer on the board of the Canadian Bioethics Society.
Andria<|fim_middle|> work, Andria advocates for persons with disabilities' right to sexual autonomy while at the same time recognizing the importance of protecting all individuals from the potential for undue harm. Andria believes that learning from members of SHADA International, sharing resources, and disseminating information to the broader community will help to break down the stigma associated with sex and disability.
Professor Claire de Than
Claire is Co-Director of the Centre for Law, Justice and Journalism at City University, London. She is a Law Commissioner (Jersey) and the author or co-author of more than 15 books, including de Than, Criminal Law (OUP 2016). Claire is over 60% deaf, so is disabled but people would not think so. She is chair of SHADA, the Sexual Health and Disability Alliance.
Julia Bahner
Julia Bahner is a disability and sexuality researcher, currently working in the Centre for Disability Studies, University of Leeds, UK. She has previously worked in social work in Sweden. Her research focuses on issues around sexual facilitation to people with mobility impairments, that is, the (often physical) support needed for some to be able to engage in sexual activity. Her social work background, as well as a short period of work as a personal assistant to people with mobility impairments, has led her to be interested in professional ethics and organizational issues, as well as how sexual facilitation is framed in policy. Her current research is a comparative study between England, Australia and the Netherlands, concerning on the one hand, policies, and on the other hand, disability organisations' and sexual health organisations' advocacy for sexual facilitation.
I would like to bring my contacts from Sweden, the Netherlands, Belgium and Australia to SHADA International. During the research I have come across many interesting persons and organisations and I think it would be fruitful to share experiences, inspire each other and hopefully further and develop ongoing work through international collaboration.
Shada and Outsiders can only exist with the generosity of donor supporters.
No matter how small it may appear, each and every donation is invaluable so please donate what you can.
The Role of the Ethicist in Sexual Enablement
tuppyowens on The Role of the Ethicist in Sexual Enablement
XEvilBestTix on The Role of the Ethicist in Sexual Enablement
shadaadmin on Sexual Services | recognizes that sex is a taboo and moralized topic, and the stigma that is associated with sex/sexual expression is often exacerbated when it comes to persons with disabilities. Andria considers sex and sexual expression to be an important part of individuals' health and well-being. In her | 55 |
Home » Go See: John McCracken at David Zwirner NYC, through October 18
« White Cube's Jay Jopling and artist Sam Taylor-Wood to separate
Go See: Jenny Holzer's 'For the Guggenheim' Fridays sunset through 11 PM through New Year's Eve »
Go See: John McCracken at David Zwirner NYC, through October 18
Beauty, John McCracken (2006) via David Zwirner
David Zwirner opened a show of new work by artist John McCracken on September 11th. The exhibition houses nearly 100 pieces made by McCracken, many of which are components of multi-part sculptures. This is McCracken's fourth solo exhibition at David Zwirner; he has also shown at S.M.A.K. in Ghent, Belgium in 2004 as well as a variety of group shows. Born in Berkeley in 1934, John McCracken has been showing his conceptual, abstract, and minimalist sculptures since the 1960s. In concurrence with this David Zwirner show, Radius Books is publishing and making available for the first time, John McCracken: Sketchbook. This publication is filled with the artists<|fim_middle|>4) via David Zwirner
John McCracken's large-scale geometric sculptures are made from plywood coated with fiberglass, finished with polyester resin, and then impeccably polished by hand.
A page from John McCracken: Sketchbook via Artbook
Vision, John McCracken (2004) via David Zwirner
John McCracken via Artfacts
This entry was posted on Thursday, September 25th, 2008 at 4:29 pm and is filed under Go See. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site. | working sketches from the 1960s. The author of the publication, Neville Wakefield, is an independent curator and has most recently put together a group show at MoMA P.S.1.
John McCracken at David Zwirner [David Zwirner]
John McCracken: Sketchbook [Radius Books]
John McCracken talk & book signing at David Zwirner [Art Slant]
David Zwirner: Press Release [Artinfo]
Light, John McCracken (200 | 107 |
Simon Dorst & Michelle Major-Goldsmith
Simon Dorst is Kinetic IT's Manager for Education & Learning. ITIL trained in 1992, he has spent most of his career educating and advising people and organisations in the Netherlands, Singapore and Australia of its benefits and application. To him, ITIL is nothing more (or less) than common sense, written down, and as such, it is undeniable, but also easily combined with other frameworks such as COBIT, MOF, DEV OPS, AGILE, PRINCE2, OBASHI or in this case SIAM. Simon is the State Branch Chair for and frequent contributor to the itSM<|fim_middle|> 2000's purported to provide a framework to obtain better value for money from multi-supplier service engagements. Lately its adoption has increased globally due to the increasingly | F Australia. His pseudonym of the ITIL Zealot is a well-known and respected voice in the global service management community.Michelle Major-Goldsmith is the Service Management Capability Manager with Kinetic IT. Her role is to educate, rather than 'just train', mentor and advise Kinetic IT staff and its customers in the principles of service management and the practical application of these principles in various environments. Michelle has been in the industry for over twenty years across virtually all continents. She was formerly Training Director at UK service management company,Sysop and Head of Service Desks at RAC Motoring Services. In addition to her role with Kinetic IT, Michelle is also the chair of the ATO Advisory Council (AAC) and AXELOS' Working Group and, as such, is instrumental in shaping the accredited training of AXELOS' best practices. She is extensively published within the Service Management arena.
Latest from Simon Dorst & Michelle Major-Goldsmith
SIAM – What's all the fuss about?
ITIL ITSM
by Simon Dorst & Michelle Major-Goldsmith
Service Integration and management (SIAM), like ITIL® before it, appears to have originated from HM Government (UK). References to SIAM began to emerge in the UK in the late | 261 |
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