question stringlengths 14 1.69M | answer stringlengths 1 40.5k | meat_tokens int64 1 8.18k |
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An online multiplayer action game.
In late 2006 I started working on a top-down space shooter known as "Ossirian Starfighter." The game featured a campaign, offline multi-player and I had also started on an online multi-player mode. This inspired me to create an online platform shooter and I ended up abandoning the Oss<|fim_middle|> Spherack 3 remains the only version still available to download from this page. | irian project to develop Spherack.
The original Spherack Online was thrown together in just over a week using Game Maker 6. The game's minimal features and simple design paved the way for newer, advanced versions of Spherack years down the road.
Spherack had one super-sized level that offered users different routes and blocks for cover. Two teams battled their way into each others' base to sabotage their computer systems.
As far as the story goes, the "Eradians" were one team; a group of rebel soldiers trying to take over planet Spherack. The "Spheran" loyalists set out to stop the rebellion.
Spherack's server didn't stay on long. Spherack 2 phased the game out in October 2007 and Spherack 3, released at the (literal) end of 2008 carried Spherack into its third generation. | 189 |
Public H.S. football teams allowed to play<|fim_middle|>th. | extra game next season
by: News 4 Staff, Mary Margaret Johnson
BUFFALO, N.Y. (WIVB) — Starting next season, public high school football teams in western New York will be allowed to play an extra game.
The New York State Public High School Athletic Association (NYSPHSAA) passed a resolution Wednesday morning to give football teams the option to play an eighth regular season game in the fall.
"I think this is a step in the right direction for New York State Football," Lancaster head football coach Eric Rupp said. "Adding more games to our schedule will get our kids more exposure, and hopefully improve the quality of football throughout the state."
With the added regular season game, coaches around WNY are excited for another opportunity to play, while also helping their athletes to get recruited by collegiate programs.
"Our season is pretty short, so the more we can do for our players, the better," Akron head football coach Andrew Clouse said. "Hopefully it helps our athletes get better exposure to out-of-state college programs as well. NY has been behind what other states allow their athletes to do, so hopefully this closes the gap a little."
"The more games we get to play, the better," Clymer-Sherman-Panama head football coach Ty Harper said. "I've seen firsthand how WNY kids are sometimes under-recruited because of the perception of NYS football. I hope this gets us a little closer to the level of Pennsylvania and Ohio high schools. They've traditionally played more games than we have, and that's probably put some of our kids at a disadvantage when it comes to college recruiting. We're really excited to gain an extra opportunity to compete."
"Football in our state will be better served with our student-athletes getting more opportunities to compete," Cleveland Hill head football coach Glen Graham said. "We were hoping to schedule a game against a traditional opponent that we had to drop due to scheduling conflicts this fall."
The extra game would be added to the beginning of the season and take the place of a team's preseason scrimmage.
"I've been around long enough that I remember when we used to play the eight games before they switched it to seven regular season games. The more football we can play, the better," West Seneca East head football coach Jim Maurino said. "When you look at states like Ohio, Texas, California, their kids are probably getting in double what our kids are getting here. Any little bit that we can get, helps."
#NYSPHSAA Executive Committee approves, with school and section approval, the scheduling of an 8th regular season football game.
— NYSPHSAA (@NYSPHSAA) May 27, 2020
With the extra game, the season will most likely start a week earlier now, starting on September 4th and 5th, as opposed to starting on the 10th and 11th.
More High School Sports Stories
Low and moderate risk winter sports to start on Monday
by Mary Margaret Johnson / Jan 12, 2021
BUFFALO, N.Y. (WIVB) -- Section VI announced that low and moderate risk winter sports can start on Monday, the Section announced in a press release on Tuesday afternoon.
Student-athletes participating in bowling, rifle, swimming and downhill skiing can begin practicing and competing on Monday, January 18 | 699 |
F1: Australian GP team and driver quotes
If you can keep your car on the island when all about you
Are losing theirs and blaming it on you…
If you can fill the unforgiving circuit
With 58 laps' worth of distance run,
And – which is more – you'll be on the top step of the podium, my son!
(with apologies to Rudyard Kipling and possibly Anthony Hamilton too…)
A cool-headed Lewis Hamilton has triumphed in an Australian Grand Prix which saw mechanical failure, driver error, racing incidents and a bitter battle of attrition in the 50-degree heat purge the field of all but six finishers.
While defending world champion Kimi Raikkonen appeared to struggle without traction control, and Fernando Alonso fought to get the most out of his second-division car, Hamilton's race was most remarkable for how little there was to say about him.
As other drivers blew engines, collided with rivals and mis-handled pit-st<|fim_middle|>Team principal Aguri Suzuki added: "I would like to thank all my staff and drivers as I know that it was a very difficult winter period for the team.
"We are now here in Australia and although we have not completed enough pre-season testing, I think that everyone has done an excellent job this week, even though we had limited running in Friday's practice, qualifying and in the race.
"Anthony was very unlucky after the start, but Takuma had a good start and showed well in the race. We did not finish both cars, but we are here, we have started the 2008 season and our fighting spirit has not diminished."
Categorised under F1, tagged under Anthony Davidson, Australian Grand Prix, David Coulthard, Honda, Jenson Button, Lewis Hamilton, McLaren, Red Bull Racing, Super Aguri.
« F1: Australian GP in six words
F1: Stewart predicts major crash is due »
F1: Why B-teams are bad news for the Brits
F1: Raikkonen eats into Hamilton's lead
F1: surprise Bahrain pole for Robert Kubica | ops McLaren and Hamilton put in the kind of seamless performance more usually associated with their Italian arch-rivals.
The team was rewarded with 14 world championship points – and the useful spectacle of Ferrari scoring just one after Massa quit halfway through the race and Raikkonen's engine failed in the closing laps, leaving him in a scoring position only after Honda's Rubens Barrichello was disqualified for leaving the pit lane under a red light.
Speaking after the race, Lewis Hamilton said: "I feel fantastic – what a dream start to the season and my championship challenge. I am sorry not to have Heikki with me on the podium as a one-two would have been a great reward to the team.
"It was a super race which I controlled from the beginning. I was able to drive at a steady pace without feeling any pressure which is always the ideal situation when you are leading.
"The three safety car periods meant that there was never time to relax, and the whole situation was a bit like Canada last year when I claimed my first victory. We constantly had to change our strategy and the strategists were on the ball throughout which was super.
"The car is fantastic to drive and the team has done a superb job. I have prepared much better this year than last, and it's important that myself and the team continue to push hard in the months to come."
Unsurprisingly beleagured team boss Ron Dennis had nothing but praise for his young star: "An almost perfect race weekend for us. Lewis drove a faultless race with a strong strategy where his stops were timed in anticipation of possible safety car periods.
"We were keen for Heikki to go an extra lap before his second stop in case he had any problems in the pits so that he could still be ahead of Nick. Unfortunately the last safety car period cost him second place.
"As a team we have enjoyed a competitive weekend but there is a long way to go and we never underestimate our competition."
Hamilton was the only one of the four British drivers to actually make it through the race.
Anthony Davidson and Jenson Button were skittled off in the first-lap chaos. Then David Coulthard mistook himself for Ricky Hatton and, live on ITV1, threatened Felipe Massa with fisticuffs in a blue-tinged outburst for the offence of driving in his blind spot.
Their cars collided on lap 28 and DC ended up at the side of the track with his RB4 wrecked while Massa zoomed off, unhurt (although he did end his race parked on the gravel just one lap down the road.)
The Red Bull race report gives the following version of Coulthard's comments: "I can understand that Felipe was in a quicker car and was trying to overtake.
"But you've got to have your car alongside to pass, especially in a corner like turn one, you can't just ram into [other cars]. Felipe took a lunge from too far back and turn one is a corner where you have to turn in early.
"It's not like turn three, which is a hairpin and the door's open for a long time. I screwed up last year when I tried a speculative move on Alex (Wurz), but I took full responsibility for it and I would expect Felipe to do the same today."
(To read the bit they haven't seen fit to repeat, just take a look at the Lap 28 entry of our Australian GP liveblog…)
Team boss Christian Horner said the race was "massively disappointing" and "one of those weekends where nothing seems to go right." He said the team would be looking forward to the Malaysian race rather than dwelling on Melbourne.
Jenson Button described his first-lap retirement thus: "I got a good start off the line, getting past Alonso and running alongside Vettel. Unfortunately it was just a racing incident that caused the damage as we were going three or four cars abreast down to the very narrow and quick first corner.
"I tapped Vettel in the sidepod which seemed to spin him and then he turned in and hit my rear wheel as I was going past. I thought that I could get back to the garage and see if the car could be fixed, but the damage was too bad to continue as the rear left corner trackrod was broken."
Asked what positives he could take from the weekend, he said: "It's been a good opening weekend for us. We're encouraged by our performance and I'm now looking ahead to Malaysia next week and getting back in the car there."
Team principal Ross Brawn, when asked to sum up the Honda car's performance, said: "In qualifying we saw that the pace was in the midfield and today's race confirmed that we have the potential to fight for points, which is our target.
"The aerodynamic package for Melbourne has worked well but a further step is required to move us up the grid and enable us to be a regular contender in Q3."
After the uncertainty of whether he would have a race drive with Super Aguri at all this year, Anthony Davidson was, predictably enough, disappointed with his failure to complete a single lap.
He said: "I am really frustrated that I couldn't do the laps that I wanted to today and finish the race, as that was my main aim.
"We haven't had much time in the car this weekend or in testing and it was really important to get that done today, so it is gutting not to have done that.
"I feel that through no fault of my own I was sandwiched between two cars, trying to avoid the inevitable. I tried to brake to get away from it and the cars right and left just rode over my front wheels, so there was no where for me to go."
| 1,168 |
Best of both worlds: Cox Branson nurse shines on theater stage
Posted by Brandei Clifton on Oct. 4, 2019
Cox Branson nurse manager Cheryl Gabriel is queen of the quick change – switching from hospital scrubs to a sequin gown each week as she strives to balance work and family.
"I never imagined when I was a little girl singing into my hairbrush that I'd be able to have both of my dreams – performing on a stage and being a nurse," says Gabriel, who has been married to long-time Branson entertainer Doug Gabriel for almost 37 years. "I truly do have the best of both worlds!"
Gabriel's nursing career began in 1987 when Cox Branson was still Skaggs Regional Medical Center. "There were dirt roads and the current Outpatient Center and inpatient tower weren't even planned yet," she recalls. "It was a lot simpler back then."
Gabriel was an LPN working on the skilled nursing unit at the time but had hopes of becoming an RN. The hospital paid for her to go back to school and she received her RN diploma in 1991, six weeks after having her first son.
By 1994, Gabriel was the charge nurse in outpatient surgery and had two small boys. That's when balancing motherhood with her career got a bit tricky.
"Doug started his own show that year and asked me to be a backup singer," she says. "So, I would work here at the hospital, run to the show to do my songs, then come back to work. After<|fim_middle|> 2022 | I did that for a month, I realized I couldn't do both. My kids were just too little."
Gabriel quit the hospital to join her husband on stage full time. For the next 15 years, her family performed for thousands of people, but in the back of her mind, she missed healthcare.
"I craved that feeling I got taking care of patients, plus our insurance got so high being self-employed that I knew I had to go back to work," she says. "My husband asked if I thought I could do it. I said, 'You just watch me!'"
Returning to nursing in 2009 after such a long absence caused some stage fright for Gabriel, who says she was nervous because so many functions in the medical field were now automated. "Turns out, Skaggs had just switched to computers, so I got to learn at the same time as the nurses who had never left," she says. "I was able to pick it right up, and because I was older, I wasn't afraid to reach out for help."
Hospital leaders quickly noticed her strong work ethic and positive attitude and asked Gabriel to become assistant nurse manager on the post-surgical floor. Before accepting the job, she made sure it would be a good fit for her family.
"I told them I didn't think I could do it if it meant giving up time with my family," she says. "Then I realized on the days I do my morning show, I could work the evening shift and get to know my team who works later so they don't feel left out."
Right now, the Gabriels perform three shows a week, but will soon go to six days a week as the fall tourism season ramps up.
"I'm in a groove now and have found my rhythm," she says. "The hustle is so worth it to me to live out my two dreams alongside all the people I love the most."
Amid the shuffling of show schedules and hospital workload, Gabriel found time to complete her bachelor's degree a few years ago. She recently accepted the position as nurse manager for the Acute Rehab Unit and Adult Psych Unit at Cox Branson.
"It's almost like I've come full circle because the two units I manage now are in the exact location of the hospital of the former units where I started almost more than 30 years ago. That's such a neat feeling."
Work life is hopping and her family's show is still going strong after more than 25 years. She and Doug's three children perform alongside them. Their oldest son Josh is the drummer, their daughter Jasmine sings and son Jordan is the comedian, who was just named "Comedian of the Year" at the Terry Music Awards.
Looking back at her careers in music and healthcare, Gabriel recognizes some similarities in the two.
"Both truly can change lives," she says. "People remember the small things you do to make their life better. Whether it's a special song or a tender moment at their bedside, knowing we can touch someone's life is just the greatest feeling in the world."
Photo cutline: The Gabriel family at the 2019 Terry Awards. From left to right: Josh Gabriel, Doug Gabriel, Cheryl Gabriel, Nick Monteleon, Jasmine Gabriel and Jordan Gabriel
CoxHealth seeks health care students for temporary support roles during COVID-19 surge
Direct Line from Steve Edwards: 1/7/22
Cox Monett welcomes first baby of | 708 |
Stroll around The Farm, a 150-acre property in rural Pennsylvania, and you may find yourself secluded in the woods. Or on a horse farm. Or next to a tranquil pond. Or outside of an Amish barn.
Regardless of where you are on the property, it's breathtaking.
This beautiful rustic farm in Robinson Township, near Pittsburgh, is now on sale for $10 million. Its owners have decided to sell the property now that their kids have grown, Esther Dormer, the current owner, told us.
The estate has six buildings on the property. The main barn is 100 years old, built by the Amish.
Everything has been renovated on the property, Dormer said, who purchased the property 12 years ago.
The Farm is perfect for large-scale events.
Dormer added an office and bathroom to the barn.
The Farm seems like the ideal location for a wedding.
"We're going to miss the memories of all the people who came and visited us the most," Dormer said of the estate.
The main home is set in about 200 feet from the road.
Inside, Dormer chose all natural materials to decorate the house.
You'll find wood, stone, iron, cement, and piping throughout.
"We did everything based on how we feel in the space, and we wanted to have that feeling of timeless feel," Dormer said.
Dormer said she tried to make<|fim_middle|>The Farm is surrounded by other farms and just 12 minutes from Pittsburgh Airport by car.
When you buy the property, the mineral rights are also included.
Dormer said a lot of attention was paid to how everything integrates with each other. From the viewing houses to the zen paths, everything is placed where it is with purpose.
The Adirondack chairs are classic lake-side decor.
We love the water fountain in the lake.
"What makes it a jewel to me is the combination of the woods...the beautiful hill sides, the water. It's just nice when walking, you are experiencing a lot of different elements and that's what I've cherished," Dormer said.
Check out Gwyneth Paltrow's new, well-decorated pad. | every room conducive for good conversations.
All of the pieces in the home were collected while traveling. Some are antiques, and others are modern.
The home has some exposed brick inside.
We've never seen doors like those before.
The bathroom looks like a dream. We love the stone tub.
The tool room stores everything you'd need on the farm, but Dormer still made sure even this room was pretty.
The barn has several freezers and refrigerators to accommodate large parties.
Dormer added the green houses to the property.
The inside of the green house is spacious.
There's a place to wash off your green thumb.
There are bronze statues throughout the grounds.
The picnic area has view of rolling green hills.
You'll feel as if you're in a private park.
Dormer has used interior and exterior designer Lisa Dagnal and organic expert Darrell Frey to create the ideal home.
Streams run into all seven ponds. There are frogs and fish in all of them.
The pool looks as if its part of nature.
The listing says this place is like a "private resort."
You can't see your neighbors at most points on the property.
| 236 |
Follow me into a very specific Paris : Paris during the 19th century.
Have you ever heard of an 'Haussmannian boulevard" or an "Haussmannian architecture"? You're still wondering what it is all about? Or you just want to have an historical approach of Paris nice places like Opéra and Grands Boulevards?
Then this tour is made for you!
You'll understand much about modern Paris, you'll be impressed by the scope of the renovation that took place in Paris during the 19th century, you'll know the reasons, the hurdles, the consequences, see in situ and compare with old pictures, discover amazing architectures, learn a lot about Parisians, Paris and France in various domains.
This tour will also be an opportunity for you to ask many questions about Paris, to get a lot of anecdotes, discover hidden<|fim_middle|> an audience including children, ...), just contact me if you want something more specific.
You'll finally be able to impress your friends at every corner of Paris! | backyards, stairs and accesses.
The tour will be mainly a walking tour, but we can also have a break in a Café decorated in accordance with 19th century's decoration.
During the tour (or the breaks), we will refer to a selection of pictures (modern ones or from the old timesn taken by me, from museums or books, ...) to be displayed on a tablett.
Many options are available (visit of parts of a museum related to the subject, cycling part, adaptation to | 102 |
HCC Embedded's software solutions ensure that any data stored or communicated by an embedded IoT application is secure, safe, and reliable. With 15+ years' deep understanding of flash, HCC secures data for customers in IoT, medical, transport, industrial, and aerospace markets. All software is developed using formal software processes, system-level knowledge, and recognized quality practices to ensure robustness and verifiable quality. HCC's product portfolio includes communications products (USB, TCP/IPv4, IPv6, TLS/SSL, IPSec/IKE stacks<|fim_middle|>, and more secure.
This entry was posted on Tuesday, March 14th, 2017 at 12:37 pm and is filed under Advertiser, News. | ) and storage products (file systems, media drivers, flash translation layers (FTL), smart-meter software, bootloaders), as well as encryption technology. Because all software is portable, target-independent, and can be dropped onto any RTOS, MCU, or tool-chain, any embedded system can be upgraded to be safer, more reliable | 68 |
Amazon's Kindle due to PC is a free of charge electronic book computer software reader and manager for Microsoft window. Acquire the best reading adventure available on your COMPUTER. No Kindle required. Get access to your Kindle books even though you don't are your Kindle without you. Immediately integrates your last web page read as well as comments between units with Whispersync. Develop brand-new highlights, notes, as well as bookmarks and handle those produced on your Kindle. Complete screen reading view, different colors settings, and brightness managements offer an immersive reading experience. Shop for books in the Amazon Kindle retail store.
Sync to Furthest Page Read: Whispersync technology instantly syncs your books across applications, therefore you could start keeping reading one gadget without the Kindle app put up, and also pick up where you ended on an additional gadget along with the Kindle application mounted. You don't should possess a Kindle to utilize the application, but if you do, Whispersync additionally syncs your Kindle publications in between your applications (featuring the Kindle due to COMPUTER app) and your Kindle tools.
Find Phrases: Use the built-in thesaurus in the Kindle for PC app to seek out the meaning of words without disturbing your reading.
Browse in Manuals: Look inside any sort of publication to locate a topic, character, or part you desire to revisit.
Arrange Selections: Manage your publications into numerous collections/lists without the Kindle due to Personal Computer application.
Look Up Make a reservation for Simple facts: Gain access to descriptions of characters, significant locations, well-known quotes, as well as concepts off Shelfari, the community-powered encyclopedia due to book-lovers.
Individualize: Change to full-screen reading mode, select your background shade, and also adjust the brightness of your screen outward the Kindle due to Personal Computer application.
Read e-Textbooks: Pick from a sizable option of e-textbooks to check out<|fim_middle|> the hassle from carrying around heavy schoolbooks.
Bear in mind: Highlight, remember, and add saves in any kind of manual.
See web page numbers that relate a book's printing version web page amounts to easily mention flows. This component is actually readily available with thousands of publications in the Kindle Shop.
On the Kindle Keyboard version, (formerly called the K3) if you scroll down to the image (utilizing the back and forth arrows on the 5-Way switch) and also if the image is actually "zoomable" you put the cursor ON the photo (not under that) as well as hit the 5-Way in between. You can not perform a "pan-zoom"; the picture is going to just increase the size of to pack the display, in some cases in the landscape positioning-- if that offers the picture better. To leave behind the "zoomed" image, simply click on the 5-Way switch once again; this will definitely also rejuvenate your display to the positioning that was in before zooming.
0 Response to "Kindle for Pc Free Download For Windows" | along with the Kindle due to Personal Computer application and also stay clear of | 14 |
・Content server: Allow clicking on book cover in details page to read the book.
・Amazon metadata plugin: Add a option to use the mobi-asin to find books.
・E-book viewer: Allow specifying ToC hrefs via the --open-at command line parameter.
・Tag Mapper: Allow Title-casing of tags.
・Manage authors dialog: Add an entry to the right click menu to show books by the current author in the main book list.
・Lots of internal changes to calibre's codebase to prepare it for Python 3 support.
・TXT Input: Use markdown 3.0 with support<|fim_middle|> custom URLs for the 'Search the internet' feature via Preferences->Sharing over the net->Search the internet.
・Content server: Implement the "Copy to library" function. To use it click the three dots in the top right corner of a book's page and choose "Copy to library" | for new extensions such as code highlighting and smarten punctuation.
・Book details panel: Allow editing the identifiers for the book by right clicking on the existing Ids.
・Content server: Allow specifying | 39 |
Why Teladoc and Livongo Health Stocks Fell on Thursday
By Daniel Sparks – Updated Oct 29, 2020 at 12:52PM
NYSE: TDOC
(6.47%) $1.79
Triple-digit revenue growth apparently wasn't enough to send shares higher when the two companies reported earnings on Wednesday.
Shares of telehealth companies Teladoc Health (TDOC 6.<|fim_middle|>ie Wood Goes Bargain Hunting: 3 Stocks She Just Bought
3 People That Still Believe in Teladoc
Looking for a Big Dividend? This Energy Stock Is One of the Best in the S&P 500.
My 4 Favorite Stocks Right Now | 47%) and Livongo Health (LVGO) both fell sharply on Thursday. The stocks declined as much as 5.8% and 5.4%, respectively, but by noon EDT, they were only down about 1%.
Their decline follows the two growth stocks' earnings reports on Wednesday afternoon. Since there is a pending merger between the two companies, their stocks generally move in the same direction. Investors may have been disappointed with Teladoc's worse-than-expected loss per share.
Teladoc's third-quarter revenue rose 109% year over year to $288.8 million, driven by a 206% increase in total visits. The telehealth platform provider's loss per share was $0.43, wider than a loss of $0.28 in the year-ago quarter and worse than analysts' average forecast for a loss of $0.32.
Livongo Health's third-quarter revenue soared 126% year over year to $106.1 million, leading to an adjusted profit per share of $0.16, easily beating a consensus analyst forecast for $0.05.
Both companies' management teams seemed upbeat about the momentum they are seeing and expectations for the future.
"We are seeing significant market success and consistent growth in member visits throughout all of our commercial channels," said Teladoc CEO Jason Gorevic in the company's earnings release. "With the addition of Livongo later this year, we will be creating a new category of whole-person virtual care that will transform how people live healthier lives."
Livongo executive chairman Glen Tullman said, "We remain very confident in Livongo's continued growth, and we believe that joining with Teladoc Health ... will build on Livongo's success and dramatically accelerate our mission of empowering people with chronic conditions to live better and healthier lives."
The merger is expected to close sometime during the current quarter, though there's always a chance something unexpected could derail it.
Daniel Sparks owns shares of Livongo Health Inc. The Motley Fool owns shares of and recommends Livongo Health Inc and Teladoc Health. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy.
Livongo Health Inc
LVGO
Is Teladoc Stock a Buy Now?
Is Teladoc Stock Finally a Buy After Its Recent Earnings Report?
Cathie Wood Has Been Buying These Two Stocks Relentlessly
Cath | 494 |
What is a wargame ?
A wargame (also war game) is a strategy game that deals with military operations of various types, real or fictional. Wargaming is the hobby dedicated to the play of such games, which can also be called conflict simulations, or consims for short. When used professionally by the military to study warfare, "war game" may refer to a simple theoretical study or a full-scale military exercise. Hobby wargamers have traditionally used "wargame", while the military has generally used "war game"; this is not a hard and fast rule. Although there may be disagreements as to whether a particular game qualifies as a wargame or not, a general consensus exists that all such games must explore and represent some feature or aspect of human behaviour directly bearing on the conduct of war, even if the game subject itself does not concern organized violent conflict or warfare. The business wargames exists too, but in general they are only role playing games based on market situations.
Wargames are generally categorized as historical, hypothetical, fantasy, or science fiction. Historical games by far form the largest group. These games are based upon real events and attempt to represent a reasonable approximation of the actual forces, terrain, and other material factors faced by the actual participants. Hypothetical games are games grounded in historical fact but concern battles or<|fim_middle|>Miniature wargamers generally prefer rule sets that can be used for any battle in a particular era or war, instead of a specific event, as is common in board wargames. Because armies and terrain can be combined in all possible ways, miniatures wargaming is generally more varied and flexible than other forms of wargaming. The preparation also tends to be more time consuming and expensive. Miniature wargamers typically enjoy painting miniatures and constructing terrain, and this is an important part of the hobby for them.
Because information cannot be displayed on a miniature figure as conveniently as on a cardboard counter, miniature wargames often lack the complexity and detail of some of the heavier board wargames.
What kind of miniature wargames are there?
There are a lot of different miniature wargames . You can play on a grand strategic level with hundreds or even thousands of figures per side or you can play with only say up to 50 figures per side what I prefer. Games like this are often called skirmish. Examples for such games are SAGA or Bolt Action. | conflicts that did not (or have yet to) actually happen. Fantasy and science fiction wargames either draw their inspiration from works of fiction or provide their own imaginary setting. Highly stylized conflict games such as chess are not generally considered wargames, although they are recognized as being related. Games involving conflict in other arenas than the battlefield, such as business, sports or natural environment are similarly usually excluded.
The modern wargaming hobby has its origins at the beginning of the 19th century, with von Reiswitz's Kriegsspiel rules. Later, H.G. Wells' book Little Wars ushered in the age of miniatures games in which two or more players simulated a battle as a pastime. During the 1950s the first large-scale, mass-produced board games depicting military conflicts were published. These games were at the height of their popularity during the 1970s, and became quite complex and technical in that time.
This blog is about miniature wargaming or gaming with miniatures !
Miniature wargaming typically involves the use of 6–54 mm painted metal or plastic miniatures for units, and model scenery placed on a tabletop or floor as a playing surface, although other open areas such as gardens and sandboxes are sometimes used. Games with miniatures are sometimes called tabletop games, tabletop wargames, miniature wargames, or simply wargames. Miniatures games generally measure distance for movement and range with a string or tape measure.
| 309 |
Vince Keenan
Movies. Crime fiction. Baseball. Jazz. Cocktails.
Books: Collecting Collections
Here are two<|fim_middle|>where: Noir City Annual #4 | anthologies – one fiction, one not – that warrant your attention.
Renegades is a collection of long-form reportage by my friend Robert Ward. The articles were originally published during the heyday of "new journalism," a form that in the hands of some practitioners meant putting themselves center stage or close to it. Bob instinctively knew how much presence he should have in his pieces, admitting that he was so intoxicated by the aura of celebrity surrounding artist LeRoy Neiman that he told a curious blonde he was Hunter Thompson, acknowledging that his own dumbfounded reactions to the madness that surrounded Larry Flynt during the ascendancy of Hustler magazine were a part of the story. (It's worth picking up the book for the Flynt article alone.) His show business profiles are dispatches from a distant era, when reporters hung out and boozed up with the likes of Lee Marvin and Robert Mitchum; there's not a publicist anywhere near these pages, no empty platitudes or paragraphs devoted to the star's favorite eco-charity. Included is Bob's most famous piece, "Reggie Jackson in No-Man's Land," in which the new Yankee proclaims himself "the straw that stirs the drink." It's become such a part of Pinstripe lore that it was featured in an ESPN miniseries in which Bob plays himself, because no professional actor could capture his dissolute charisma. There's a thread throughout the book about how sports and music can lift you out of yourself, offering glimpses of a wider world. Taken as a whole the pieces tell the larger story of Bob's evolution from Baltimore boy to journalist, novelist, and screenwriter. A true blast from the past.
Terence Faherty has published several novels about Scott Elliott, the one-time Paramount player turned Tinseltown private eye, and won two Shamus awards along the way. The short stories collected in The Hollywood Op span Elliott's career from the 1940s through the '60s. "Garbo's Knees" finds Elliott digging into the theft of a concrete slab from Grauman's Chinese Theater, and "Closing Credits" is a haunting entry about the sins of the blacklist echoing years later. "Sleep Big" is an impressive piece of literary legerdemain, serving as both Elliott's origin story and a plausible answer to the confounding question of "Who killed Owen Taylor in Raymond Chandler's The Big Sleep?"
Posted by Vince at 4:11 PM
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One-half of classic Hollywood mystery writer Renee Patrick (DESIGN FOR DYING, DANGEROUS TO KNOW, SCRIPT FOR SCANDAL). Tippling gadabout. Author of DOWN THE HATCH: ONE MAN'S ONE YEAR ODYSSEY THROUGH CLASSIC COCKTAIL RECIPES AND LORE, available at Amazon. Managing editor of the Film Noir Foundation's NOIR CITY magazine.
vince (at) vincekeenan (dot) com
Book: L.A. '56, by Joel Engel (2012)
Q&A: Tom Piccirilli
Cocktail of the Week: The Red Hook
Cocktail of the Week: The Ragtime
Book: Dropped Names, by Frank Langella (2012)
Cocktail of the Week: The Tom Collins
Book: Wherever I Wind Up, by R.A. Dickey (2012)
Cocktail of the Week: The Mary Pickford
Me Else | 716 |
Shimadzu's Nexera XS Inert Chromatography System Enhances Biopharma Analysis
In the Lab eNewsletter, Pharmaceutical Technology's In the Lab eNewsletter, August 2022, Volume <|fim_middle|>AnalyticsAnalytical InstrumentationPharmaceutical Technology's In the Lab eNewsletter, August 2022
Agilent and Quest Diagnostics to Collaborate on Lung Cancer Diagnostic
Asimov and Center for Breakthrough Medicines Collaborate for Viral Vector Production
Advaxis, Ayala Pharmaceuticals Complete Merger | 17, Issue 8
Shimadzu's new ultra-high performance liquid chromatography system is designed to solve common problems in biopharma analysis.
Shimadzu launched its new Nexera XS inert, a bioinert and biocompatible ultra-high performance liquid chromatograph (UHPLC), in July 2022. The system is designed to resolve the most common problems in biopharmaceutical analysis, such as the adsorption of target molecules to metal surfaces and mobile-phase corrosion caused by high salt content and extreme pH conditions.
The Nexera XS inert UHPLC resulted from cooperative research done with Yasushi Ishihama, a professor at the Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Kyoto University in Japan under the Japan Science and Technology Agency's Adaptable and Seamless Technology Transfer Program through Target-driven R&D (A-STEP) project from 2017 to 2020. The system features a metal-free sample flow path, which prevents unwanted interaction with biopolymers that are prone to adsorption onto exposed metal sites. Through this mechanism, the Nexera XS inert results in reduced sample loss and excellent peak shape for generating reproducible, high-sensitivity and high-quality reliable data, according to a July 19, 2022 company press release.
Furthermore, all wetted surfaces have been prepared from corrosion-resistant materials, which renders them stable against mobile-phase solvents that contain high concentrations of salts or acids. Nexera XS inert is particularly well-suited for analyzing biopharmaceutical molecules, such as antibodies, peptides, and nucleic acid drugs.
The new system offers the same analytical intelligence features as the other products in the Nexera series as well as the following features:
Unconstrained recovery and sensitivity: in the quantitative analysis of biomolecules, adsorption of the target compound to a metal surface can result in a dramatic decrease in sensitivity. The Nexera XS inert system comprises stainless-steel-casing-reinforced polyether ether ketone (PEEK) tubing, which is a high-performance engineered polymer with mechanical- and chemical-resistance properties. This ensures a system pressure tolerance of > 100 MPa while maintaining a bioinert flow path. The system also includes a ceramic injection needle, which offers metal-free injections and minimized carryover. By preventing adsorption to metal surfaces, the Nexera XS inert system thus achieves much higher sensitivity and better reproducibility than a general-purpose UHPLC system.
Assured reliability and reproducibility: high salt conditions in the mobile phase can result in the corrosion of stainless-steel parts in standard UHPLC systems, but, in the Nexera XS inert system, the wetted surfaces are prepared from highly rust-resistant materials, while still maintaining the high-efficiency flow-path (i.e., 105 MPa). Because of this design, the system remains unaffected by high salt content, ion pairing agents, or extreme pH conditions, ensuring long-term stability and reliable data acquisition.
Clear resolution without restrictions: the system's ability to resist 105 MPa of pressure means it can use long separation columns packed with small-sized particles, which allows it to achieve ultra-high efficiency in a wide variety of applications. The newly developed PEEK-lined tubing comes with tool-free, finger-tightened fittings, allowing for reliable connections between columns, which enables the system to withstand a pressure of up to 105 MPa without creating any dead volume or risking damage by overtightening. All valves used in the Nexera XS inert system have been designed to inhibit metal adsorption for worry-free switching between multiple columns. This characteristic is useful for method development or for trap-and-elute analysis. An optional pHM-40 offers real-time measurement of the mobile-phase pH during the course of an experiment. This ensures accuracy and traceability, even when running a pH gradient, as used in ion exchange chromatography.
Consumables ideal for analyzing biopharmaceuticals: analyzing biomolecules, such as proteins, peptides and nucleic acids, requires columns with different separation modes. For some samples that are sensitive to metal ions, metal adsorption must be taken into consideration, and an optimal column would address this issue. The columns used in this new system (Shim-pack series of columns) is fitting for the analysis of a wide variety of biomolecules. In addition, adsorption of target analytes in the sample vial can greatly affect the analysis and requires special attention. Furthermore, a low-adsorption polypropylene vial (TORAST-H Bio Vial, Shimadzu) is also most fitting for peptide drug research, while low-adsorption glass vials (TORAST-H, Shimadzu) are suitable for general-purpose analysis.
Source: Shimadzu
Supplier NewsLaboratory Equipment and Instruments | 983 |
A long light grey table split the Recreation and Wellness Center room in half. Students and a staff member were on one side and the facilitator on the other during the One Breath meditation group class on Feb. 1.
Every Wednesday at 5 p.m., Craig Beeson teaches those who want to learn to destress and wind down. The group is run by Counseling And Psychological Services and is open to the HSU community including students, staff and faculty.
Beeson is a staff psychologist with a residential life focus and does workshops like One Breath in the resident halls on HSU campus.
With a new semester starting up again, and most students being far from home, it can be easy to get overwhelmed.
Karen Zurdta, a 23-year-old English grad student, talked about how coming to this class has taught her to love herself more.
Beeson is using the book, "The Mindful Path to Self-Compassion" by Christopher Gerner, to teach the class about not fighting the feelings you have but instead accepting them. The class goes over how to cope with issues from anxiety to insomnia that many students can relate to.
Matt Cunningham, a 25<|fim_middle|>.
"We talk about things like how to connect to yourself and live a more present, relaxed life," Beeson said. | -year-old senior English major, has been meditating for five years and even went to the City of Ten Thousand Buddhas in Ukiah, Calif. last spring to help with his practice of mindfulness.
The class begins with a group discussion of feelings and how to address them in a positive way. After about 30 minutes, Besson directs the group to close their eyes and focus on their individual breathing. He then moves on to telling the group to focus on one body part at a time, relaxing each body part individually, until the group feels their body and mind is calm. Beeson ends class by checking in with each member of the group on how they feel afterwards | 135 |
A special thank you to Principal, Sharla Campbell, and Asst. Principal/Athletic Director, Mike Bair from Dixie High School for the use of the facilities. We appreciate all of our Media Day Sponsors and Co-Sponsors for assisting us in creating the experience for these great student athletes<|fim_middle|> get to know them. You should be proud of who they are becoming. Thank you to Devin Dixon for the interviews, the kids loved it! You made them feel like the pros. Thank you to Jim Speth. You killed it once again man, the cover shots came out great! 6 Schools 6 Covers – Good luck everyone this season, you deserve all the best! | here in Region 9.
Comments about Media Day and the HS Sports Insider Experience from a few of the athletes featured in this issue. Once again we thank all of our Media Day Sponsors for assisting us in creating the experience for our athletes.
We would like to extend thank you's to all of the parents who took time out of their schedules to spend the day with us and allowed us to highlight their kids. We are all the richer for having had the opportunity to | 94 |
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Colourblind Man Amazed After Seeing Colours Through Corrective Glasses | "It's So Many Colours. It's So Real"
A video was uploaded on the internet where a colorblind man sees colors for the first time.
By Umeza Peera
Published on : 06:26 PST, Jan 20, 2023
Cover Image Source: Reddit | u/QuicklyThisWay
The joy of life is in the colors. We need color everywhere, and we tend to prefer the brightest things because they are attractive and bring us joy in numerous ways. However, not everyone experiences this joy every day. Colors are not visible to people who are colorblind. People who are color<|fim_middle|>725 wrote, "The man might have just broken down crying if it was more colorful lol."
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© 2022 THEDAILYNET All rights reserved | blind can also see the beautiful colors we have around thanks to the invention of corrective glasses. A video was shared on Reddit, where a colorblind man could see colors for the first time because of corrective glasses.
The video begins with the man pointing to a bowl on the dining table and saying, "this is really red." Further, another man in the background asks him to look behind and sees balls hanging behind him and he says "so this is like super green." After a pause, that man points out at the blue ball and says, "this is blue." Man's excitement is evident in the video he looks at the things and says, "It's kind of like actually mindblowing," and points out at a purple color keyboard and says, "this is purple." After seeing all the colors and naming them he says, "I can't believe it." Another man in the background says, "believe it." Explaining what he felt after watching the colors he said, "I can't believe it, I can't believe it. It's so many colors in it. It's so real." At the end of the video, the man points to a cow painting right in front of him and says, "Look at the cow, man. This is spectacular."
Reacting to this video many users on Reddit commented. Some questioned the authenticity of the video because the man in the video was able to name all the colors correctly. One of the users whose username was jmmorart317 wrote, "That's what I was thinking. How can he know what blue, green, red, purple looks like if he spent his life not decerning their appearance? This a serious question." mellowmarsII wrote, "I admit I was skeptical for a sec, but I imagine they've conversed over colors of familiar items a gazillion times (as people tended to w/ my green/red blind friend); & we're also unaware of the subtle deviations from colors he experienced before & in which he may have developed a pattern attached to a color name. I really do think this is genuine."
Image Source: Reddit | u/QuicklyThisWay
Some commented about how the room could have been a little more colorful so that the man could have enjoyed his moment. chantillylace9 wrote, "It's the least colorful apartment ever, and I wish they would've gotten some colorful balloons for him or something, but these videos are just always so heartwarming." sonerec | 508 |
Feast of Alban, first Martyr of Britain, c.209 Jesus... did not finish all the urgent tasks in Palestine or all the things He would have liked to do, but He did finish the work which God gave Him to do. The only alternative to frustration is to be sure that we are doing what God wants. Nothing substitutes for knowing that this day, this hour, in this place, we are doing the will of the Father. Then and only then can we think of all the other unfinished tasks with equanimity, and leave them with God.
We realize our dilemma goes deeper than<|fim_middle|> in this place, we are doing the will of the Father. Then and only then can we think of all the other unfinished tasks with equanimity and leave them with God. | shortage of time; it is basically a problem of priorities. We confess, "We have left undone those things that ought to have done; and we have done those things which we ought not to have done.".
Jesus did not finish all the urgent tasks in Palestine or all the things He would have liked to do, but He did finish the work which Gad gave Him to do. The only alternative to frustration is to be sure that we are doing what God wants. Nothing substitutes for knowing that this day, this hour, | 105 |
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Veep: The Complete Fourth Season (Blu-ray)
Posted in: Disc Reviews by J C on April 25th, 2016
DTS HD 5.1 (English)
"We're making history with the first woman president."
That statement may or may not become a reality in a matter of months, but HBO has real-life politics beat either way. Season 3 of Veep, the caustic, constantly-cussing comedy series, concluded with U.S. Vice President Selina Meyer ascending to the highest office in the land. But lest you think the show jumped the shark by having VP Meyer outgrow the show's title, there's more than enough sharp-tongued mayhem to go around once Selina and her staff — referred to as "an infection of mediocrity" in season 4 — have their finger on the button.
"The cycle of abuse continues."
Season 4 actually begins in a highly unusual place for VP President Meyer (Julia Louis-Dreyfus), who we've watched endure indignity after ego-crushing indignity up to this point: she and her staff are actually riding a wave of positivity. The premiere finds a supremely confident Meyer preparing to make her first big speech as president — she moved into the Oval Office after the never-seen POTUS stepped down to care for his ailing wife — to the Joint Chiefs of Staff.
Meyer is still surrounded by her loyal, perpetually-frazzled team: Amy Brookheimer (Anna Chlumsky), Selina's shrill high-strung chief of staff has been placed in charge of her presidential campaign. There's also overmatched director of communications Mike McLintock (Matt Walsh), clingy personal aide/"bag man" Gary Walsh (Tony Hale), smug deputy communications director Dan Egan (Reid Scott), and no-nonsense personal assistant Sue Wilson (Sufe Bradshaw).
Season 3 wisely turned Kevin Dunn's brilliantly beleaguered Ben Cafferty and Gary Cole's hilariously humorless strategist Kent Davison into series regulars, and season 4 just as wisely added Sam Richardson's obliviously pleasant Richard Splett to the main cast. (Richard's good cheer serves as a welcome antidote to the parade of nastiness.) The show has also believably maintained Jonah Ryan's (Timothy Simons) outsider status: the former White House liaison to the VP's office used to lord his presidential access over Selina's staff, but now he's the one stuck working for Meyer's crusty VP — derisively described as "Steve Martin's older brother" at one point — while the rest of the crew is in the White House.
"I'm the president, see? Everything is my fault."
Naturally, it doesn't take very long for all the good vibes to fade away. (That speech to the Joint Chiefs of Staff goes awry thanks to some missing eyeglasses and the wrong text being loaded into Meyer's teleprompter.) Meyer faces a series of scandals during her quest to actually be elected as president. Some are minor (Selina's daughter Catherine, played by a nicely droll Sarah Sutherland, scores low on Kent's likability index), others are absurd (a misunderstanding with a Native American painting in the White House draws much more media attention than Meyer's successful peace talks with Israel), and one threatens her entire administration (unbeknownst to Meyer and her main staff, her campaign used stolen government data to target bereaved parents as potential voters).
On top of that, Veep hasn't forgotten the importance (or lack thereof) of its namesake. When Selina needs a new running mate, she eventually turns to the immensely charismatic Tom James (Hugh Laurie). At first, Tom seems like a relatively levelheaded addition to the ticket, but he's revealed to be much like everyone else on this show: ambitious and gifted with a silver tongue when it comes to dropping f-bombs.
One of my criticisms of Veep during the show's first two seasons was that it often sounded as if a single hyper-literate, profane person was writing in the exact same hyper-literate profane voice for most of the characters on screen. (That would be Ve<|fim_middle|>and the data breach scandal) is paid off in the outstanding Ep. 9/"Testimony", which seeks to inflate Gary's importance as the Meyer administration looks for a fall guy.
The episode, essentially presented as the most entertaining C-SPAN hearing ever, is the show's biggest departure so far and a showcase for the entire cast. (Especially Dunn's defiant Ben.) It also works because once Meyer and her cronies finally settle on a fall guy, we can easily envision all the backbiting and hand-wringing that went into the decision, even if we don't get to actually see it. (We've seen it a dozen times before.) Even when Veep threatens to become too overstuffed — 10 regular cast members who appear in every 30-minute episode, in addition to talented performers like Laurie, Diedrich Bader as the newest member of Meyer's staff, Patton Oswalt as the new VP's hands-on chief of staff, and others who flit in and out — the show finds something funny to do with its characters. (For the record, my favorite bit player this year was Lennon Parham's Karen Collins, Selina's infuriatingly non-committal lawyer friend/suck-up.) Dan and Amy, for example, are separated from Meyer's staff, which gives Veep someplace to go besides the Oval Office. Scott gets to turn the smarminess up to 11 when Dan becomes a lobbyist; meanwhile, Amy (Chlumsky really should have an Emmy by now) has an epic meltdown at the end of Ep. 5/"Convention."
This talented ensemble continues to be led by Louis-Dreyfus, who has won an Emmy each of the four years she has played Meyer. Season 4 probably represents her strongest work overall, as Meyer's inflated confidence and sense of authority as president sets her up for a harsher (and funnier) fall. However, the real star of the show is the exhaustive (and sometimes exhausting) language. The jokes and insults come at a breakneck pace; I can't re-print a good many of them because this is a family website, but the sheer volume and variety of the punchlines here are sure to nudge your funny bone. ("The goat's not gonna scape itself." "Kent majored in fortune cookies.")
The finale here is titled "Election Night", and season 4 concludes on an appropriately uncertain note. However, it also ends with virtually the entire main cast on stage together. It's a subtle reminder that this nasty group of political animals are totally dependent on each other. The last episode also makes sure to bang home the show's central conceit: no one really wants to be veep.
Veep: The Complete Fourth Season is presented in its original aspect ratio of 1.78:1. The 1080p image is arrived at with an AVC MPEG-4 codec at an average of 27 mbps. Veep has a loose, cinema verite filming style that's actually a really good match for a show that incorporates improv. As a result, this is among the least glamorous-looking shows you'll find on HBO. (Depending on whether or not Curb Your Enthusiasm ever comes back.) That certainly hasn't made for the most dazzling HD presentation, but the Blu-ray shouldn't be penalized too harshly for replicating the show's generally muted-palette. There are some warm tones and sunlight when President Meyer and Tom James go for a bike ride; at the other end of the spectrum, the palette turns chillier and more sterile whenever we visit the office where Dan works as a lobbyist. Pulling off an image that's both sharp and drab is a tricky feat, but this Blu-ray — like the three before it — serves the material very well.
The DTS-HD Master Audio 5.1 track is once again here to serve the salty, oft-overlapping dialogue. On this front, the track remains exceptional. There is terrific clarity and separation, the latter of which is crucial when there are two or more people yammering. The track does a strong job of making sure each nasty quip is audible. It's a good thing too, because there's not much to the track beyond the dialogue. Sub activity is non-existent and the use of the rear speakers continues to be a missed opportunity. A good part of the show takes place at either public functions or frantic work spaces, yet the rears are content to crank out the equivalent of white noise. (We get a bit of reverb when Selina is giving a speech in public, but that's about it.) Then again, this isn't supposed to be a sonic extravaganza. As with the show itself, dialogue is king here.
Deleted Scenes: (15:51) Each episode has corresponding deleted scenes, but you're better off using the Play All option and knocking them all out in one shot. Once again, the material here is very funny —Amy unsuccessfully comparing herself and Sue to Thelma & Louise; a wonderfully excruciating limo ride with Tom James, Kent, and blabbermouths Jonah and Richard — and was most likely cut for time. Available on both discs and presented in HD.
Veep: The Complete Fourth Season features all 10 episodes on two discs. Even though I feel like the show made it's leap into all-around greatness in season 3, this batch of episodes — which maintained the aforementioned level of excellence — was the first to earn Veep the Emmy for Best Comedy Series. Together with Silicon Valley, this is easily the best hour-long comedy block on television right now.
Season 5 kicked off last night, and — even with Veep creator Armando Ianucci stepping back into a consulting role and handing the showrunner reigns to David Mandel — I can't wait to see how President(?) Meyer and her staff continue to make a mockery out of the political process. (Four more years! Four more years!)
Lady in the Car with Glasses and a Gun (Blu-ray) Tuesday Round Up: April 26, 2016 | ep creator Armando Ianucci, who previously spearheaded the British government-skewering comedy series The Thick of It and directed that show's equally caustic feature film spin-off In the Loop.) However, that's no longer the case after spending four seasons' worth of time with these (un)lovable buffoons. When Selina tells Gary (who would gladly take *two* bullets for her), "You are unimportant…", it's one of the few times things go very quiet on Veep. It also helps that the moment ( | 112 |
Q: Read a contact Info from Account? I'm trying this but only returns account id and name
Account a = [SELECT Name, (SELECT contact.Email FROM Contacts) FROM Account LIMIT 1];
System.debug(a);
A: You need to print the children to console by accessing the object which contains them:
System.debug(a.Contacts);
Any sub-query will return a list of records under the name you used for the query, such as OpportunityLineItems or CampaignMembers, associated with each record returned from the first query. It's literally a query for each record in your main query.
To access each objects details in apex, you'll likely need to iterate over them, such as:
List<Account> accounts = [SELECT Id, (SELECT Id FROM Contacts) FROM Account];
for (Account someAccount:Accounts) {
for (Contact contact:someAccount.Contacts) {
System.debug(contact.Id);
}
}
A: This will print the children in a debug statement without a loop
Account a = [select id, name, (select firstname, lastname from Contacts) from Account limit 1];
system.debug(json.serialize(a));
Result:
10:51:17:017 USER_DEBUG
[2]|DEBUG|{"attributes":{"type":"Account","url":"/services/data/v41.0/sobjects/Account/0014000001Hf76yAAB"},"Id":"0014000001Hf76yAAB","Name":"Foo","RecordTypeId":"01240000000MJWwAAO","CurrencyIsoCode":"USD","Contacts":{"totalSize":4,"done":true,"records":[{"attributes":{"type":"Contact","url":"/services/data/v41.0/sobjects/Contact/0034000001TMmaoAAD"},"AccountId":"0014000001Hf76yAAB","Id":"0034000001TMmaoAAD","FirstName":"Tonya","LastName":"Bar","RecordTypeId":"01240000000MJX0AAO","CurrencyIsoCode":"USD"},{"attributes":{"type":"Contact","url":"/services/data/v41.0/sobjects/Contact/0034000001TMmapAAD"},"AccountId":"0014000001Hf76yAAB","Id":"0034000001TMmapAAD","FirstName":"Barnet","Fubar","RecordTypeId":"01240000000MJX0AAO","CurrencyIsoCode":"USD"},{"attributes":{"type":"Contact","url":"/services/data/v41.0/sobjects/Contact/0034000001TMmaqAAD"},"AccountId":"0014000001Hf76yAAB","Id":"0034000001TMmaqAAD","FirstName":"Drew","LastName":"Bar<|fim_middle|>objects/Contact/0034000001TMnKNAA1"},"AccountId":"0014000001Hf76yAAB","Id":"0034000001TMnKNAA1","FirstName":"Walt","LastName":"Washington","RecordTypeId":"01240000000MJX0AAO","CurrencyIsoCode":"USD"}]}}
more readable:
Account a = [select id, name, (select firstname, lastname from Contacts) from Account limit 1];
system.debug(json.serializePretty(a));
result:
10:56:24.1 (9691008)|USER_DEBUG|[2]|DEBUG|{
"attributes" : {
"type" : "Account",
"url" : "/services/data/v41.0/sobjects/Account/0014000001Hf76yAAB"
},
"Id" : "0014000001Hf76yAAB",
"Name" : "Hanger Orthopedic Group",
"RecordTypeId" : "01240000000MJWwAAO",
"CurrencyIsoCode" : "USD",
"Contacts" : {
"totalSize" : 4,
"done" : true,
"records" : [ {
"attributes" : {
"type" : "Contact",
"url" : "/services/data/v41.0/sobjects/Contact/0034000001TMmaoAAD"
},
"AccountId" : "0014000001Hf76yAAB",
"Id" : "0034000001TMmaoAAD",
"FirstName" : "Tonya",
"LastName" : "Bar",
"RecordTypeId" : "01240000000MJX0AAO",
"CurrencyIsoCode" : "USD"
}, {
"attributes" : {
"type" : "Contact",
"url" : "/services/data/v41.0/sobjects/Contact/0034000001TMmapAAD"
},
"AccountId" : "0014000001Hf76yAAB",
"Id" : "0034000001TMmapAAD",
"FirstName" : "Barnet",
"LastName" : "Fubar",
"RecordTypeId" : "01240000000MJX0AAO",
"CurrencyIsoCode" : "USD"
}, {
"attributes" : {
"type" : "Contact",
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| Foo","RecordTypeId":"01240000000MJX0AAO","CurrencyIsoCode":"USD"},{"attributes":{"type":"Contact","url":"/services/data/v41.0/s | 44 |
Late summer is traditional harvest<|fim_middle|>ades. Be careful when handling.
Tinged with purple, this big green pepper is one of Mexico's most popular delicacies. Usually served roasted, this chile is especially tasty in rellenos and moles. Called ancho when dried.
This long, slender lime-green pepper, grown primarily in Southern California, has a tough skin. Peel it and use fresh, or roast it and add a smoky touch to green chili or tomatillo salsa.
This squat green native of Jalapa, Mexico, is the easiest chile to find year-round in the United States. Chop into corn-bread batter, or roast and fill with cream cheese. Called chipotle when smoked.
Does organic agriculture have its limitations? | time for chiles, those waxy Latin American fruits (that's right, fruits!) that deliver a veritable piñata of nutrients, including vitamins A and C. All chiles also contain capsaicin — a spicy compound that increases circulation, mutes nerve sensitivity, and may help with weight loss — but only some are fiery.
Watch out for this lantern-shaped chile: It's the hottest in Central America and Mexico. Try it dried, or mix a tiny amount of the brilliantly colored pepper into chutneys or marin | 109 |
Obtaining acquainted with the digital data room reviews, you are likely to figure out can definitely trusted. The digital info space evaluation because well seeing that the digital data room reviews can help you to orient your self in the many VDR locations. As explained ahead of, you are also in a position to need the digital data room review. You should read the best possible virtual data room opinions and discover away more what sort of dependable VDR can become utilized within your specific sector or a great undertaking. Plus support in which required to help you in having your data room prepared. A digital info room is a significant instrument in an elaborate procedure. The true digital data files rooms are frequently the sites above the. The true on the web digital<|fim_middle|> digital info room service provider, can find out all the info that the info room need to have and which features you're going to be ready to live without. Additionally , you may realize that they have helpful to discover a digital data room provider who can customize that according to meet your needs. In addition, a large number of digital data room providers present personal training if perhaps necessary. When it has to do with leading digital data room providers in Canada a great in-depth digital data room comparison is necessary.
You've acquired to to understand the best strategy to employ an details room. You should also know a means to employ an information room. A wonderful information room will support help you save and your buyers moment in plenty of techniques. Since a variety of electronic digital information room or space suppliers source a the variety regarding stages as well as amount of providers, it is rather essential consider your specific activity desires along with your very own several organization requirements.
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You should read reviews so you will discover the very very best. At the time you prepare your electronic data room you raise the value of the organization. The digital data rooms are definitely the sites on the net. The safe and sound digital info room should have the central cost. Not every digital data space will perform the work intended for each each user or business want. Contrary to what most people believe, it is definitely the equal. There are particular methods you is going to need to have for you to find the best digital info room. The true digital data documents room possesses a massive vast variety of application and can be quite flexible. | merrill data room room at your residence comparing and also a digital documents living bedroom critiques really can support a person to navigate your self during the significant number of VDR retailers.
The provider ought to go over just what exactly is certainly developed in deal that you choose to select. While generally there are a number of services of digital info rooms quickly available today, not each and every one all of them give the similar features. It can highly recommended to select a supplier that has already been applied on quite a few sophisticated nancial ventures, including IPOs. Therefore, since you are shopping about for a | 120 |
?Say good bye to clogged drains and pipes forever with the GIantz Electric Drain Cleaner. With its 250W motor, the drain cleaner makes light work of all blockages, clearing them fast, easy and hassle-free. It<|fim_middle|>cm to 10.16cm I.D. | easily clears the heaviest blockages such as hair, rags, steels wool or plastic bags. Inside, the motor, innovative copper wiring ensures that the motor is efficient, reliable and durable for long, continuous operations.
Outside, the power-coated finish of the cleaner keeps it corrosion-free at all times. The drain cleaner is also easy to use with an air-operated foot switch providing ultimate control, forward and reverse operation and an ultra-versatile cable feeder lever. Not least, a cutter compartment provides for easy storage of dredging tools and attachments.
Perfect for use with residential, commercial and industrial applications, the drain cleaner is a must for fast and efficient dredging.
Drain pipe capacity: 5.08 | 146 |
Event Date: April 25,<|fim_middle|> federal level. TINHIH's long term objective is to become the very first opioid-specific recovery support provider. TINHIH's banner achievement is the vision and driving force of CCSD's Mission High School in downtown Las Vegas which opened in the Fall of 2017. Mission High School is recognized as the first entirely public-funded, recovery-focused school of its kind in the nation. Subsequently the Alternative Peer Group was formed and is now a stand alone entity that supports students in recovery.
AIM for Recovery is one of TINHIH's fundraising activities that contributes 100% of the proceeds go towards the mission of sustainable sober housing for people new to recovery in need. In order to build a strong foundation for recovery; secure, stable housing is at the top of the list. To date, TINHIH has been able to provide over $45,000.00 towards 1-month rent vouchers. These vouchers are between $500-$600 per month and are awarded to local sober homes here in Las Vegas.
A lot of people have compared sporting clays to golf and some even call it golf with shotguns. Strap your shotgun in to one of golf carts and set off into the rolling desert terrain stopping at each station to shoot clays. Every station is unique in its set-up. Shoot at various targets going away from you, crossing left to right or right to left, incomers, or even clays rolling through the desert sand simulating rabbits. After shooting a round of sporting clays, you will definitely want to come back for another round.
Pro Gun Club's sporting clays course stretches a little over a mile along desert terrain with 21 stations set for the beginner shooter all the way to the master class shooters. . No matter the skill level, the course will offer a fun and exciting experience. The course overlooks the Eldorado Valley and Boulder City providing a scenic setting for the shooter's enjoyment.
Your $50.00 entry fee includes: Golf Cart
Card token with 50 clays Awards Luncheon
**shotgun rentals available onsite through Pro Gu Club** (additional cost) | 2020
AIM for Recovery is a friendly competition between 4-person teams and individuals. Test you ability to "AIM" for recovery via sporting clays.
There is No Hero in Heroin (TINHIH) is a lcal 501c3 non-profit charity that has been operating in Las Vegas, NV since 2013.
In the last six years, TINHIH has become a leader in the recovery community as well as a vocal advocate for sustainable recovery programs at the local, state and | 111 |
THE POWER OF THE BELL- story behind the "Jay Morrison" BELL SERIES
Jay and I first crossed path's in 2013. He had purchased some of our baits from a little tackle shop in Stittsville ON called "Bits N Baits" (now closed) and needed some custom patterns. A new friendship was spawned.
As it turned out Jay has a brilliant musky mind and a passion for building some incredible 16" jointed deep diving crankbaits. On the maiden voyage of the first one he built bagged him a 57" Georgian Bay giant! Once he told me about it and showed me the picture of that monster, naturally, I needed to get my hands on a couple so in 2014 I offered up some of the newly released LSG MISSILES in exchange for a few.
That season Jay lit up the Ottawa River catching the first ever 50+ musky on this hot new bait which turned out to be his first 50+ Ottawa River fish. This was just the beginning. By the end of the season he had caught almost as many musky as the guides were catching with 50 fish alone on one LSG MISSILE. At that point he declared to me that this bait has now become his all time favourite bucktail!
In 2015 Jay started guiding part time and was looking to up his game even more. The wheels of a brilliant mind never stop turning! He wondered what it would be like to combine the power of a BELL with PDeez engineering? He rebuilt one of his LSG's and BIG TENS strategically adding a BELL where the lure body used to be. Moving forward Jay only used these "BELLS" when casting bucktails which was about 90% of the time. Jays outings mainly consisted of 3 to 5 fish days that season bagging fish of all sizes, however, more were predominantly larger fish with some giants in the mix. Quietly he was garnering legendary status among us that knew him or knew of him. He was out fishing everyone else on the river! Was it the addition of the BELL or coincidence? I was skeptical at first? Was it his musky smarts or the fact we all know a "HOT" musky will smash any bait in it's presence as long as it sounds and looks eatable. Time would tell the story.
According to Jay, all bells are not created equal. Fortunately, he was able to source the "right sounding" one, however, he believes that the right sounding bell was only responsible for 50% of his success. Early on in using our baits he discovered that our bucktails all make a distinct sound unlike any other bucktail, therefore, believing PDeez engineering<|fim_middle|>! Together they were unbeatable for him!
My skepticism changed one fateful day in 2016. Jay and I were hunting the same area. Two hunters in my boat and Jay was hunting solo. We were in and out of each others spots, before and after each other throughout the day. We were using regular PDeez and he was only chucking BELLS. We didn't see a fish all day and he boated 5! That sealed the deal for me. I was not a skeptic any longer! Our baits are fish catching machines as everyone that uses them can attest to that, however, on this day it took that something extra to make them eat! We both believe that the unique sound created by these hot new baits trigger neutral musky into feeding. Two weeks after that day Jay and I were both fishing solo in different areas. I couldn't even move one and he bagged the longest musky ever caught on a PDeez...... the JM BELL LSG MISSILE prototype......this 58" monster pictured here ate on the 8!
Jay, we are ever grateful for your brilliance! Not only did you create an amazing bait, it led to an expansion of the complete PDeez line up! We are very proud and honoured in working with you in bringing these amazing hot new baits to fruition!
Thank you Jay!
PLUS: To compliment the official launch of the "Jay Morison" BELL SERIES we are also introducing the first ever flashabou BELL SPINNERBAITS (casting & trolling).
THE POWER OF THE BELL!
PS- here are more pictures of Jay's monster BELL muskies over the past couple of seasons!
Written by Paul Didaskalou — April 01, 2019 | is responsible for the other 50% of the his success on these exciting new baits | 19 |
...Also known as "Emmerdale at War" and "If Forrest Gump was a Horse!"
Let's face it: Steven Spielberg is THE film director - he's made directing cool! Spielberg's done it all, and he knows how to do it: Spielberg can do adventure, Spielberg can do heart, Spielberg can do war; and Spielberg can definitely do War Horse!
The film follows the story of a young farm boy named Albert Narracott (Jeremy Irvine), who raises and trains his remarkable horse: Joey. When the news of WW1 hits Britain, Albert's father (Peter Mullan) enlists Joey into the war effort, leaving distraught Albert without his best friend; an event that later results in Albert himself enlisting into the army in order to try and find his beloved horse companion. The film then travels through a number of remarkable war time stories as we follow Joey and Albert through<|fim_middle|> Horse is showing in cinemas across the UK now. | the perils of the First World War.
As the title would indicate, the film mainly follows the tale of the remarkable horse Joey as he travels across Europe at the hands of many different types of people in many different situations; each group or individual with their own unique stories, backgrounds and outcomes. This clever narrative tool provides us with one solid singular plot, which in itself consists of a number of smaller sub-plots and tales which cover the many different areas of war. This successfully paints a picture of war torn Europe from the perspective of many countries and people, making the film a rich cinematic tale.
John Williams, Spielberg's long time music collaborator, once again composes the soundtrack for War Horse, with a powerful and moving theme that beautifully accompanies each scene and ties the entire film together into one seamless piece.
Having already seen success in its novel roots and on stage in the London West End production, Spielberg skilfully adapts this timeless tale to the big screen with cinematic beauty. War Horse beats with a massive heart that left me with a lump at the back of my throat, and many other audience members in tears. Whilst I still feel that this Award-bait release will be overlooked largely because of The Artist (the award for Best Animal Actor still belongs to Uggie the Dog...), this truly is another timeless Spielberg classic that won't soon be forgotten.
War | 276 |
If your children need health coverage, they may be eligible for the Children's Health Insurance Program (<|fim_middle|> Clinics - these clinics give discounts based on household income; Help with Prescriptions; Hospital Sliding Scale Care; Hospital Free Care. Services also include helping families find quality health care in Maine; helping individuals and families advocate for more affordable health care; helping individuals to know and exercise their rights; providing training and education to consumers and policy makers; producing research and policy analysis. | CHIP). If they qualify, you won't have to buy a Marketplace plan to cover them. Medicaid and CHIP provide no-cost or low-cost health coverage for eligible children in Maine. Even if your children have been turned down in the past or you don't know if they qualify, you may be able to get health coverage for them now. Medicaid and CHIP provide health coverage for children so that they can get routine check-ups, immunizations and dental care to keep them healthy. They can also get doctor visits, prescription medications and hospital care when they're sick, and much more. You can apply for and enroll in Medicaid or CHIP any time of year. There's no limited enrollment period for either Medicaid or CHIP. If you qualify, your coverage can start immediately. CHIP provides low-cost health coverage to children in families that earn too much money to qualify for Medicaid. In some states, CHIP covers parents and pregnant women. Each state offers CHIP coverage, and works closely with its state Medicaid program.
This is a non-profit organization committed to helping all Maine people obtain affordable, quality health care.
Sliding Scale | 221 |
Local NewsStateTechnology
NASA Langley's Katherine Johnson Computational Research Facility Opens
Staff Report— October 5, 2017
Katherine Johnson, 99 years old, in front<|fim_middle|> your story has been an honor," she said. "Your work changed our history and your history has changed our future."
Johnson, who received four standing ovations at the ceremony, happily recalled her time at Langley, saying that her job was to just answer questions to the best of her ability at all times, whether she got them correct or not.
"I didn't do anything alone but to try to get to the root of the question – and succeeded there," she said.
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Previous post Black elected officials refuse to organize Districts | of the new NASA computation research facility named in her honor.
PHOTO COURTESY OF BLACK PR WIRE
Courtesy of NASA via Black PR Wire
When she heard that NASA's Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia, would name its newest building after her, Katherine Johnson responded the only way she could – with surprise.
"You want my honest answer? I think they're crazy," the 99-year-old Johnson, of "Hidden Figures" fame, said with a laugh.
The Katherine G. Johnson Computational Research Facility, or CRF, was dedicated Sept. 22 with a ribbon-cutting ceremony attended by family and friends of Johnson and her fellow "human computers," students from Black Girls Code and the 21st Century Community Learning Centers program, and special guests from across Virginia.
"You have been a trailblazer," Virginia Gov. Terry McAuliffe said during the ceremony. "When I think of Virginia and the history of what we've gone through … you're at the top of that list."
Johnson held a fascination with numbers as a girl growing up in West Virginia. Eventually, she translated that love into using her math skills to help advance the nation's space program in the 1960s.
"I like the stars, and the stories we were telling, and it was a joy to contribute to the literature that was going to come out," said Johnson, the central character in the book and movie "Hidden Figures." "But little did I think it would go this far."
"We're here to honor the legacy of one of the most admired and inspirational people ever associated with NASA," said Langley Director David Bowles. "I can't imagine a better tribute to Mrs. Johnson's character and accomplishments than this building that will bear her name."
State of the art The CRF is a state-of-the-art facility that will enable innovative research and development supporting NASA's missions. It is the third building in Langley's 20-year revitalization plan.
"I always like something new," Johnson said of the facility. "It gives credit to everybody who helped."
The $23-million, 37,000-square- foot (3,437 square-meter)
structure is consolidating four Langley data centers. The building incorporates energy saving features that are expected to be 33 percent more efficient than if those features had not been included.
The significance of the facility is that it advances Langley's capabilities in modeling and simulation, big data and analysis.
Powerful computers like those in the CRF are capable of ever more complex analysis and simulation, in some cases replacing but also validating and complimenting the research done in NASA's labs and wind tunnels. The CRF also houses an office area for researchers to do their work.
"We know that these are the tools that will help shape the world of the future," Bowles said. "We'll do more calculations than ever, and we'll do them faster, more efficiently and with greater reliability."
Johnson was a "human computer" at Langley who calculated trajectories for America's first spaceflights. She worked at Langley from 1953 until retiring in 1986.
Her contributions and those of other NASA African American human computers are chronicled in "Hidden Figures," based on author Margot Lee Shetterly's book of the same name.
After Johnson's story began to emerge, she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the nation's highest civilian honor, by then-President Barack Obama at the White House in 2015.
The backstory In 1962, as NASA prepared for the orbital mission of John Glenn, Johnson was called on to do the work that she would become most known for. The complexity of the orbital flight had required the construction of a worldwide communications network, linking tracking stations around the world to computers in Washington, Cape Canaveral, Florida and Bermuda.
The computers had been programmed with orbital equations that would control the trajectory of the capsule in Glenn's Friendship 7 mission, from blast off to splashdown, but the astronauts were wary of putting their lives in the care of the electronic calculating machines, which were prone to hiccups and blackouts.
As a part of the preflight checklist, Glenn asked engineers to "get the girl" (Johnson) to run the same numbers through the same equations that had been programmed into the computer, but by hand, on her desktop mechanical calculating machine.
"If she says they're good," Johnson remembers Glenn saying, "then I'm ready to go." Glenn's flight was a success, and marked a turning point in the competition between the U.S. and the Soviet Union in space.
Breaking down barriers
"Thank goodness for the book and movie to come out so people got to understand what this woman meant to our country," Gov. McAuliffe said. "She really broke down the barriers."
Shetterly, the ceremony's keynote speaker, praised Johnson and fellow human computers Mary Jackson and Dorothy Vaughan as being revolutionary by just doing their jobs.
"We are living in a present that they willed into existence with their pencils, their slide rules, their mechanical calculating machines and, of course, their brilliant minds,"
Shetterly said.
Shetterly said the path to the future is rarely predictable, smooth or direct – and Johnson's was no exception.
"At every fork, her talent, her hard work and her character pulled her toward her destiny," she said. "At every turn, she made a choice to become the protagonist in her own story and then of ours."
Shetterly added that Johnson's story is one of a thirst for knowledge and a celebration of teamwork.
"Telling | 1,153 |
In this latest blog post, Codingtank Ltd explains the key differences in the hosting services it has available for clients in Tunbridge Wells and the South East area. While each type of hosting stores your website and allows online access for visitors, they all exhibit their own characteristics and have different capabilities. Understanding which one will best suit your needs is important, and it makes sense to only make a decision with the right information.
There is also email hosting to consider, a similar yet separate service that adds a more professional online profile to any business. Codingtank Ltd offers hosting services to local clients in Tunbridge Wells, Sevenoaks and<|fim_middle|>.
Our cheapest option is shared web hosting. This sees your website placed on a server which will also host other websites. By pooling their resources together, companies looking for an entry-level hosting solution can minimise the associated costs. While many of our Tunbridge Wells and UK clients find shared hosting suits their needs, there are a few drawbacks.
Firstly, shared servers don't deal well with sustained periods of heavy traffic or sudden traffic spikes. You'll also lack root access and, should another website you're sharing hosting with suffer from significant issues, you may see your own start to perform abnormally.
VPS stands for Virtual Private Server. While this system is similar to shared hosting, it involves the division of a main server into virtual servers, each of which is dedicated to an individual website. This doesn't mean you gain all of the benefits that come with investing into dedicated server hosting because you still share the hardware, but it does mean you have root access to your own virtual space and, therefore, more control at server level.
Tunbridge Wells, Sevenoaks and Portsmouth clients who are still some way off investing into a dedicated server – and who aren't too concerned with the impact of regular traffic spikes – should definitely consider the benefits of VPS hosting from Codingtank Ltd.
To have complete control over your hosting, there's only option to consider; a dedicated server. Your website will be the only one stored on the server, which means you won't suffer any impact from the performance of other websites sharing the same space. You also have root access to your virtual space and sufficient bandwidth to cope with expected levels of traffic, based on the server package being the one to meet your requirements.
Clients in Tunbridge Wells and the surrounding areas who want the best levels of security, control and performance usually opt for dedicated server hosting. While it is the most expensive option available, our service users definitely find they get what they pay for.
A more recent innovation is cloud hosting. This involves a group of servers working together to host a set number of websites. The biggest advantage to cloud hosting is its ability to deal with huge spikes and extended periods of high-volume traffic. This is because the different servers connect together, shoulder the burden and allocate more memory where needed.
Some cloud hosting set-ups don't offer root access and packages tend to be a little more expensive. Despite these small drawbacks, we've seen cloud hosting grow to become a popular choice with clients in Tunbridge Wells, Sevenoaks, Portsmouth and the UK.
Another service offered by Codingtank Ltd is private email hosting. This key service provides individuals and businesses with private and personalised email addresses. It also ensures the content in personal or business communications stays secure and backed up. Free email websites (like Gmail or Outlook) work for some companies when they first start out but, as their businesses begin to scale, they soon learn why private email hosting is so crucial.
Internal communications will be more reliable and much faster. External communications will look more professional. Research shows that some website visitors, including those in the Tunbridge Wells area, have more trust in companies that have their own email domain.
Do you need web hosting or email hosting in Tunbridge Wells or any other UK location? Call 01892 539 370 for a simple set-up at an affordable price. | Portsmouth, and also to businesses across the UK | 9 |
The Black Box<|fim_middle|> operators. | is a system designed to control the use of vehicles and record operating data and anomalies.
The operator can save all parameters to obtain a customized setting of the Black Box according to the specific requirements of the application.
The Black Box system also offers options to guarantee high safety conditions for the user, including the vehicle lockout in case of impact when the pre-set values are exceeded, the main contactor opening in case of anomalous current draw, or the contact opening when the pre-set value for inclination is exceeded.
In conditions like those just described the system also warns the operator with acoustic or visual signals through the display.
The data stored can be downloaded in Excel format connecting a PC to the display, in order to make the error analysis for the maintenance manager and the vehicle fleet controller simple and accurate.
When the Black Box is fitted on a vehicle it is possible to allow operation only to the user having the pre- stored RFID transponder thanks to the display reading function and in addition it is possible to identify the user and to check how the vehicle has been used.
The system can handle the access of a large number of users through a password associated to each user profile in order to prevent the access to non authorized | 240 |
Q: Is there a way to manipulate wordpress post styles loaded into an external iframe? I am making a widget in which I need to show recent posts and the blogs archive from<|fim_middle|> "none" );
}
});
| a WordPress site. I can get the feeds to the widget by loading the contents into an iframe. But I don't need the header and footer of the wordpress pages to be shown in the widget.
I used some couple of plugins to make a dummy page with no header and footer and that works for the blogs archive. But for the individual posts page, the plugin wont let me take the header and footer out.
I have encountered cross origin problem when trying to access the content within the iframe from the widget.
Is there another way I can do it within the widget? Or is there any way to do this inside wordpress?
A: You cant access an iframe's DOM. What you are gonna do is fetching the external content (currently is loaded in an iframe) and manipulate it with a php library such as PHPQuery or SimpleHtmlDOM. Based on my experience PHPQuery performs better than the others.
A: I was able to solve it by checking whether the page (WordPress) is loaded into an iframe and if so, do certain style changes. I did this inside WordPress itself, so every time the page is loaded into the widget, it knows it is inside an iframe and thus changes the style.
$( document ).ready(function() {
if (top === self) {
//do nothing
} else {
jQuery( ".single-post header" ).css( "display", "none" );
jQuery( ".single-post .related_wrap" ).css( "display", "none" );
jQuery( ".single-post .comments_wrap" ).css( "display", "none" );
jQuery( ".single-post footer" ).css( "display", | 343 |
Will the end of the era of the internal combustion engine herald a golden age for mining?
There is no doubt that the age of the internal combustion engine is drawing to a close. Recently Britain followed France in declaring a ban on petrol and diesel cars from 2040, to overcome the enormous contribution to air pollution from such vehicles.
There will be a massive boom in metal mining as electric replaces the internal combustion engine, and copper, nickel, lithium and cobalt should particularly benefit (as well as non-metals such as graphite).
But everything comes with a price of course. Analysts are expecting a 100-fold increase in the production of lithium, the key material in electric car batteries, which contain around 14% by weight of this lightest of metals. Much of the supply will come from South America, particularly Chile and Bolivia, which have around 70% of the world's reserves. China and Australia also provide lithium. It is generally thought that lithium-ion batteries are primarily made of lithium and that if we transition the world's car fleet to electric, it will create a supply problem. While it is certainly true that lithium demand is expected to rise very significantly, there are abundant supplies and production is likely to keep up, but will require accelerated production from all known reserves and new resources will need to be found and put into production.
But it would be a mistake to focus only on lithium. There are several other raw materials in batteries and they each can create bottlenecks if not properly addressed. According to Glencore, a typical electric car would need about 160kg of copper, 11kg of cobalt and 11kg of nickel.
Cobalt is a critical element in lithium-ion batteries, such batteries already consuming 42 per cent of the metal mined and demand will soar as the world switches from petrol and diesel to electric cars. About two-thirds of the world's cobalt comes from the Democratic Republic of Congo, including much that is mined by hand, sometimes in appalling conditions by poorly paid labourers, including women and children, who do not benefit from the country's vast mineral wealth, which includes gold, diamonds, tin, coltan, copper and cobalt. Industrial mines operated by the likes of Glencore, the world's biggest cobalt supplier, have much better standards than the artisanal mines, but it is difficult to verify whether cobalt from the artisanal mines is entering a supply chain of great complexity, and ensuring that ordinary Congolese people actually benefit from the county's riches is fraught with difficulties.
One of the areas that has not been properly thought out, although there are twenty years to do it, is how the electricity grid will cope with the increase in electrical energy needed to power these cars. Politicians talk blithely about renewables being able to deal with this increase and that batteries will be charged at night during off-peak periods, leading to only a 10% increase in power requirements. Solar power is not too good at night, however, so maybe it is wind power that will provide the shortfall? In which case Britain might start to look like a giant pin-cushion, bristling with wind turbines. And another cause for concern is that wind turbines themselves rely on very powerful magnets, of which neodymium is still an important element. So can mining and processing of rare earth deposits to produce neodymium keep up with demand, and let us not forget that producing this key element is not without major environmental concerns (see posting of 11 February 2013).
What is clear is that mining and mineral processing are going to play a big part in the move to electric vehicles, and that research into recycling of key elements such as lithium, cobalt and neodymium is also critical, all part of the move towards the circular economy, which makes next year's Sustainable Minerals '18 conference in Namibia and Hi-Tech Metals '18 in Cape Town all the more relevant.
#SustainableMinerals18
#HiTechMetals18
Labels: Commodities, Environmental, MEI Conferences
Where has the time gone? 50 years ago today Barbara and I were married in the cotton mill town of Ashton-u-Lyne, just outside Manchester. At that time I had been abroad once, on a school trip to Switzerland, and Barbara had never left the country, so we could not have envisaged the exciting times that were ahead of us.
Two years later we were off to Zambia and of all the thousands of photos we have taken over the years, the one below is our most iconic, taken in October 1969 as we approached the Rhodesian border en route to a new life on the Zambian Copperbelt.
In South Africa's Northern Province (now Limpopo)
Our four years in Zambia were our watershed years, where I developed my passion for the minerals industry and we discovered that not only were we man and wife, but also best friends. Of all the good things that have come out of our 50 years together, we take the most pride in the fact that where there was once two of us, there are now 10- a wonderful feisty family, who sure keep us on our toes!
As we now go into our 51st year, we would like to thank all of you who have played important parts, no matter how small, in our continuing journey.
There have been comments on the following postings since the last update:
A short break in London for the IOM3 Awards Dinner
Are you being bullied into bad science?
What is the point of world University rankings?
Towards large scale microwave treatment of ores
A rising star: Monica Kalichini
Memories of Minerals Engineering '97
Towards the next generation of mineral processing plants
Memories of Prof. Keith Atkinson
In conversation with Osvaldo Bascur
The Red Arrows- the major attraction during Falmouth's Festival Week
In conversation with Roe-Hoan Yoon
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Comminution '18- final call for abstracts
With mining companies having to tighten their belts in these hard times, the importance of optimising comminution, the most energy intensive operation in mineral processing, becomes ever more important.
"Comminution must be the key mineral processing technology during the next 50 years." - Prof. Alban Lynch (August 2013)
Comminution '18, which will be held in Cape Town in April, is the 11th in MEI's conference series. Comminution '16 attracted 177 delegates from 23 countries to Cape Town (see full report and pictures, and comments from delegates, in posting of 25 April 2016).
Reflecting the need to reduce energy and increase the efficiency of comminution, the conference once more has the backing of the Coalition for Eco-Efficient Comminution (CEEC) as Industry Advocate, and already 13 companies are providing major corporate support to what we are sure will be another opportunity for experts from around the world to discuss new ideas and common problems.
There is now a final call for abstracts. All accepted papers will be published in draft form in the conference Proceedings, and after the conference all authors will be invited to submit final papers for peer-review for a special comminution issue of Minerals Engineering. The deadline for abstract submission is the end of September.
Highlights of the technical sessions will be two keynote lectures from world renowned experts in comminution. "Comminution in 2068 - will SAG mills still be relevant?" will be presented by Prof. Holger Lieberwirth of TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Germany. "Superior comminution circuit performance: integrating classification during design is the key" will be given by Prof. Aubrey Mainza, of the University of Cape Town, South Africa.
As always the conference will be held in Cape Town's Vineyard Hotel, its superb gardens under Table Mountain providing the perfect setting for the extended coffee breaks, lunches and happy hours, intended to give delegates the opportunity of relaxing and networking in the best of conditions.
Networking at Comminution '16
Registration is already open, and if you would like to exhibit, the exhibition layout is available, showing those companies who have already reserved booths.
At the Comminution '16 exhibition
We look forward to seeing you in Cape Town next April.
#Comminution18
Congratulations on a great conference (Comminution '16). Good papers, made more powerful by a single stream which meant high attendance at each session, and good long breaks for informal discussions throughout the day, and meals in a spacious vendors area to encourage circulation. A great formula for a conference - quality over quantity, and time for discussion and networking and to keep the energy levels high. I wish all conferences could manage this balance so well.
Joe Pease, Mineralis Consulting, Chairman CEEC
Labels: Comminution, MEI Conferences
Talk of Cornish lithium and hot rocks
Last night's monthly Cornish Mining Sundowner was held, for the first time, at The 'Front pub, by Falmouth's inner harbour. There were many familiar old faces, mainly past CSM students, who had travelled<|fim_middle|>10.
As part of his thesis work, Lei Pan carried out more theoretical studies, in which both hydrodynamic and surface forces were determined by analyzing the spatiotemporal film profiles with the help of a fluid mechanist (Dr. Sungwhan Jung) at Virginia Tech. We had no problems detecting the presence of the long-range hydrophobic force on a xanthate-coated gold surface. Analysis of the data using the Frumkin-Derjagiun isotherm suggested, however, that a short-range hydrophobic force must also be present in the film to account for the faster (nearly invisible) film thinning and de-wetting steps during the last stages of a bubble-particle interaction. We, therefore, wrote that the long-range hydrophobic force was responsible for film thinning, while the short-range force was responsible for film rupture in a JCIS paper published in 2011. In effect, we developed a method of using an air bubble as a sensor for the measurement of both the hydrodynamic and surface forces involved in bubble-particle interactions.
Lei Pan with the FADS he designed and constructed
I then challenged Lei Pan to validate the forces calculated by analyzing the spatiotemporal film profiles using direct force measurements. He met the challenge by designing and constructing a new instrument named the "force apparatus for deformable surfaces (FADS)." This new apparatus allows an air bubble to move toward the undersurface of a cantilever spring by means of a piezo crystal, while monitoring spring deflection using a fiber optic sensor. Before the measurement, the spring had been treated by gold and subsequently by xanthate coatings. Detailed methods of determining both the short- and long-range hydrophobic forces and validating them by direct force measurement have been described in our 2016 Minerals Engineering paper.
It seems that we have come full circle since 1969, when my good friend Janus Laskowski suggested that contact angle formation cannot be explained without considering the presence of the hydrophobic force (or influence) in a flotation film. He and Kitchener also wrote: "There is no theory leading to even approximate calculation of negative disjoining pressures on hydrophobic surfaces." Of course, the negative disjoining pressure arises from the hydrophobic force in wetting films, which in turn arises from a collector coating. By virtue of many researchers' hard work and vision, we now know how to determine the hydrophobic force using an air bubble as a sensor.
I was given a special honor to present a plenary lecture at the XVII IMPC meeting in Dresden, Germany, in 1991. The title of my lecture was "Hydrodynamic and Surface Forces in Bubble-Particle Interactions." I was humbled to be at the same plenary panel as Nicolay Churaev, who was the world leader in wetting films. I had been reading his papers, but it was the first time I met him in person. I met him again in the Frumkin Institute in Moscow some years later. At the IMPC, both of us addressed the importance of hydrophobic force in flotation, which was a coincidence but was not surprising.
At the plenary lecture panel, 1991 XVII IMPC meeting in Dresden:
Schubert, Yoon, Churaev, and Schoenert
It was very nice of Professor Heinrich Schubert, who gave a relatively young unknown investigator an opportunity to present a plenary lecture at the most prestigious meeting in minerals processing. I knew that he liked our work on microbubble flotation, which was intended to improve collision efficiency by reducing bubble size. In my Dresden lecture, I proposed a bubble-particle attachment model, which was in the same form as the Arrhenius equation. In effect, the model suggested that the efficiency of attachment should be a function of both energy barrier, which is determined by the surface forces in wetting films and the kinetic energy of attachment, which should be a function of hydrodynamic forces. As such, the attachment model was the first to link the surface and hydrodynamic forces in one equation, which served as a basis for my flotation model. Since the model has been derived from first principles, it has predictive and diagnostic capabilities, as shown in the special issue of IJMP published to honor Professor Schubert for his 90th birthday. It should be noted here also that of the various surface forces, hydrophobic force is the driving force for bubble-particle attachment and hence flotation.
In retrospect, I advocated the control of bubble size to improve flotation during the early part of my career. During the later stages, I advocated the control of hydrophobic force. I am not certain if I have a proper training to explore the origin of the hydrophobic force. Nevertheless, I will do my best with my graduate students and other colleagues.
I came a long way from a humble origin. I was lucky to have an opportunity to study at McGill, which has grown to become one of the best-known minerals processing schools largely due to the leadership of James Finch – my classmate. I was lucky also that my adviser allowed me to carry out fundamental research while teaching me to do something useful for the industry. I was also lucky that CANMET and Virginia Tech gave me the opportunities to do what I believed was important. This is my 39th year at the university, which is a long time. I was fortunate to have so many good people pass through my laboratory. The most fun part of my job has been to stand around a whiteboard and discuss problems with students, which is a learning experience. I feel that I have not left school because I still have so much to learn. I say to my students that teaching is the best job in the world. And both of our children became teachers like many of my former graduate students".
Once again I thank Prof. Yoon for taking some considerable time out of his very active life to provide for MEI the story of his journey through life, and I look forward to seeing him in Cape Town in November for what will be his second MEI Conference. I am sure that all who read this account will agree that he was a very worthy recipient of the IMPC's Lifetime Achievement Award.
References to all the research projects reported above can be found by contacting Prof. Yoon at ryoon@vt.edu
Labels: Flotation, In conversation with, People
The Red Arrows, the major attraction during Falmouth's Festival Week
Falmouth was teeming with visitors this week, for Falmouth Week, which ended last night. With its origins in a local sailing regatta dating back at least as far 1837, the Week has evolved into not only a major sailing competition in the south west but also an opportunity for tourists and locals to enjoy the many daytime and evening attractions in the town.
Crowds on Gyllyngvase beach await the Red Arrows
The highlight, as always, was the annual display by the RAF's Aerobatic team, the Red Arrows, which attracted so many people to the local beaches and headland that the narrow roads in the town were completely gridlocked. But it was certainly a display worth waiting for.
The arrival of the Red Arrows
Minerals and metals to play a significant role in a low-carbon future
The rise of green energy technologies required for a low-carbon future is expected to lead to significant growth in demand for a wide range of minerals and metals, such as aluminium, copper, lead, lithium, manganese, nickel, silver, steel, and zinc and rare earth minerals, according to a new World Bank report, The Growing Role of Minerals and Metals for a Low-Carbon Future.
The mighty Outotec will play a big part in this green future. Last year the international company was ranked for the second time as the world's third most sustainable company (MEI Online) and in 2015 strengthened its portfolio of gold processing technologies by acquiring Biomin's BIOX® bioleaching technology (MEI Online).
So we are delighted to welcome Outotec as a major sponsor of MEI's conferences in Namibia next year. Sustainable Minerals '18 and Biohydromet '18 will run back to back in Windhoek in June, and the role of biohydrometallurgy in the sustainable development of mineral resources will be emphasised by Prof. Sue Harrison in her keynote lecture at Biohydromet '18.
#Biohydromet18
Labels: Biotech, Environmental, Hydromet, MEI Conferences
The beautiful River Dart and an invention which changed the world
During last week's visit to South Devon, we spent a couple of days around the estuary of the River Dart near Kingswear.
Looking down on the coast path just beyond the Dart estuary
Coleton Fishacre, 1920s country retreat of the D'Oyly Carte family
Greenway, holiday home of Agatha Christie and her family
Views of the River Dart from the Greenway Estate
A short ferry ride across the Dart from Kingswear took us to the historic naval town of Dartmouth, where residing in the Visitors' Centre is one of the world's most important inventions.
I have claimed many times that froth flotation is one of the world's most important technological inventions, certainly since the industrial revolution, but without the invention of the steam engine there would have been no industrial revolution.
The inventor of the first practical steam engine was born in Dartmouth in 1664. Thomas Newcomen will be a name unknown to many but his atmospheric engine allowed water to be pumped from deep below ground, allowing miners to go deeper to access coal and minerals to feed the new industrialised world. Hundreds of Newcomen Engines were constructed through the 18th century.
One of the original Newcomen Engines, at Dartmouth
The engine operated by condensing steam drawn into the cylinder, which was mounted directly on top of the boiler. Steam from the boiler filled the cylinder, replacing the air. The steam was then condensed by injecting cold water into the cylinder, the resulting vacuum then allowing the pressure of the surrounding air to force the piston down to complete the working stroke. On completion of the stroke the weight of the pump rods drew the piston back up the cylinder, ready for the next stroke.
Although the thermal efficiency was only around 0.75% the engine was so sound in principle that it laid a solid foundation on which later engines could be built, as well as performing unchanged in basic concept for over 150 years.
James Watt's later engine design in 1776 was an improved version of the Newcomen engine that roughly doubled fuel efficiency. Many atmospheric engines were converted to the Watt design, for a price based on a fraction of the savings in fuel. As a result, Watt is today better known than Newcomen in relation to the origin of the steam engine. He later realised that Newcomen engine designs wasted a great deal of energy by repeatedly cooling and reheating the cylinder and introduced a design enhancement, the separate condenser, which avoided this waste of energy and radically improved the power, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness of steam engines. In the early 19th century Cornishman Richard Trevithick (posting of 25th April 2015) increased thermal efficiency to around 9% with the high pressure steam engine.
So let's salute these great inventors and remember that steam is still used to generate most of the electrical energy that we use today, whether it be from fossil fuel or nuclear power stations.
Labels: Devon
Sunday, 6 August 2017
While on holiday in Devon I received the really sad news that one of my oldest friends and colleagues from Camborne School of Mines (CSM), Prof. Keith Atkinson, died last Wednesday after a long illness, which he bore with amazing spirit and fortitude.
Keith was already established as a geology lecturer at CSM when I started in 1974, but we immediately developed a lasting friendship due to his always cheerful personality, ready wit and a collection of anecdotes that Peter Ustinoff would have envied.
As well as professionally, our friendship developed socially. Keith was a stalwart of the CSM cricket team, a useful medium pace swing bowler, who, in his self deprecating manner, would amuse us at the start of each season by struggling to get into his cricket flannels, which had miraculously shrunk during the winter. As the season progressed, things would get easier, only for the process to be repeated the following year!
Keith hosting my CSM retirement function
Keith was the host on my retirement from CSM in 1996 and amongst his anecdotes reminded me of an embarrassing episode when he and his wife Maureen joined us at the new Hall for Cornwall in Truro for a performance of the opera The Tales of Hoffmann. During the interval Keith and I thought we might just have enough time to slip out to the nearby pub for a couple of pints, but unfortunately on our return the next act had just started, and the still unfinished Hall had extremely creaky floorboards. Our slow and noisy ascent to our seats was all the more embarrassing as it took place during the operas great set piece, the aria Barcarolle!
Born in Port Talbot, South Wales, on 16th October 1942, Keith Atkinson was appointed a geology lecturer at CSM in 1969, becoming Vice Principal in the late 1980s. He became Head of CSM in 1994, and after the merger with the University of Exeter became Deputy Vice Chancellor of the University in 1997, where he was responsible for restructuring and for helping establish the University's Institute of Arab and Islamic Studies.
Through his research in geology, he was author and editor of two text books and of over 50 scientific articles in learned journals. Geologists around the world will be familiar with Ore Deposit Geology, co-authored in 1986 with his fellow CSM geologist Richard Edwards. A past President of the Royal Geological Society of Cornwall, he was awarded their Bolitho Gold Medal for 'Services to Geology' in 1998.
As well as being a renowned geologist Keith also had a great interest in mineral processing, he and I even co-authoring two papers for Minerals Engineering. He was a great public speaker and when I organised the first of the annual Minerals Engineering conferences with CSM Associates, in pre-MEI days, it was to Keith who I turned to present the opening address in Singapore. He also played a big part in Minerals Engineering '92 the following year in Vancouver, and at Minerals Engineering '93 in Cape Town.
Singapore 1991. Keith with CSM past and present staff and students
Phil Newell, me, Paul Mitchell, Dave Osborne, Andy Stradling and Lucky Amaratunga
Singapore 1991 with University of Birmingham's Neil Ashton and Terry Veasey
Vancouver 1992, with past and present CSM Students
St. Agnes, Cornwall 1992, entertaining Prof. Cyril O'Connor and his wife Nanette
(3rd and 4th left), from the University of Cape Town
Keith with CSM delegates at Minerals Engineering '93, Cape Town: Ian Jackson, Richard Pascoe,
Kirsty Walker, Gareth Brown, me, Paul Hodgkinson, Gaynor Yorath and Chris Martin
Keith and I providing the entertainment at Groot Constantia Wine Estate, 1993
Over the past few years Barbara and I have regularly got together for pub lunches with Keith and Maureen, and old CSM friends Richard and Veronica Edwards, Mike and Margaret Buzza and Sheila Parker. Keith will be very sorely missed by us all and we pass on our sincere condolences to Maureen, and to his daughters Rosalind and Caroline, and grandchildren Mia, Toby and Ludo.
Pub lunch in Redruth, March 2016. Back row: Mike Buzza, Barbara, Keith, Richard Edwards and me
Front row: Margaret Buzza, Sheila Parker, Veronica Edwards, Maureen Atkinson
This wonderful man touched the lives of many, including mine, and I invite all who knew Keith to leave their own memories and appreciations.
How Keith will always be remembered, with great affection, passing on one of his anecdotes
to past students Mark Shimmield, Paul Burton and Nick Wilshaw
Will the end of the era of the internal combustion...
The Red Arrows, the major attraction during Falmou...
Minerals and metals to play a significant role in...
The beautiful River Dart and an invention which ch...
Contrasting geology in South Devon
1st Announcement- Physical Separation '19 and Comp... | down to Cornwall for the funeral on Wednesday of former CSM Director Prof Keith Atkinson (posting of 6th August) in the tiny village of St. Mawgan. There was also a welcome guest, Paul Moore, editor of International Mining, a media partner for MEI Conferences, who is on holiday in Falmouth with his family.
With Paul Moore of International Mining
Amongst the chat last night was the news that Cornish Lithium has secured 1 million pounds ($1.30 million) to explore for lithium in Cornwall, taking the UK a step closer to a domestic source of the strategic mineral, which will play a huge part in the electric car revolution. There was much talk of this at the sundowner in January (posting of 20 January 2017), when Cornish Lithium said it had reached a mineral rights agreement with Canada's Strongbow Exploration, who are looking at the reopening of the South Crofty tin mine, leading to a hoped for revival in metal mining in Cornwall, once the world's largest producer of tin and copper.
Evaporation plays a major part in treatment of lithium brines, but new technology is helping to make other options more viable. However the development of geothermal energy in Cornwall might also contribute to an evaporation option. The United Downs Deep Geothermal Project, operated by Geothermal Energy Ltd, close to the proposed lithium deposits, is seeking to produce energy by drilling deep into Cornish granite, which naturally produces heat. The pioneering project to produce power from hot rocks several kilometres under the ground in Cornwall will begin drilling early next year, if a multimillion-pound fundraising drive succeeds. Cornwall's extensive granite means it has long been seen as the most promising part of the UK for the technology, which one study found could provide a fifth of the country's power, which would be a welcome addition to the extra electrical energy needed when the electric car revolution really takes off. If all goes as planned, the Cornish operation could be operational in 2020. The amount of power the wells are expected to produce will be small, at a capacity of 1-3 megawatts (enough to power 1,500-4,500 homes), similar to a single onshore wind turbine, but geothermal has one big advantage: unlike wind and solar, it can provide constant power if needed.
Geothermal Engineering Ltd is in partnership with Geoscience Ltd, founded in 1985 by my old Camborne School of Mines colleague Dr. Tony Batchelor, as a spin-off from the Hot Dry Rock geothermal research project run by Camborne School of Mines. That project, based at Rosemanowes Quarry near Penryn, developed techniques for the creation of artificial geothermal reservoirs that have been applied around the world. Iceland is the world leader in geothermal power (posting of 22 January 2015), where deep holes are drilled to reach hot rocks, water is pumped down, heated and returned to the surface to generate electricity or provide heating.
Tony Batchelor (centre) with CSM mining graduates
Stuart Daveridge (1992) and Stephen Lovelock (2017)
There was also talk last night of an exciting new collaborative initiative between Camborne School of Mines and Canada's University of British Columbia, whereby CSM undergraduate students will spend time in Canada studying mineral processing, and UBC students at Camborne studying mining. I look forward to hearing more on this.
CSM Association Secretary Claire Yelland, former secretary Linda Shimmield, and Barbara Wills
Twitter @barrywills
Prof. Roe-Hoan Yoon is one of the world's most distinguished flotation scientists, and the holder of many coveted awards, including the IMPC's Lifetime Achievement Award. We are privileged to have him give a keynote lecture at this year's Flotation '17 in Cape Town, and I was honoured when he accepted my invitation to take part in one of the MEI Interviews. In the event he made my task very easy: I asked him many questions and he did not merely reply, but put together a fascinating mini-autobiography of his life from humble origins in South Korea to his position now as one of the world's top scientists in his field, and his story should be an inspiration to all young scientists embarking on their careers. I publish it below as received.
Prof. Yoon with the Lifetime Achievement Award at IMPC 2014
"I recall a high school chemistry class, in which a teacher drew a micelle on a blackboard to explain how detergency works. It fascinated a young mind. As is well known, micellization is a hydrophobic interaction in molecular scale. In college, I was fascinated again to learn how air bubbles selectively collect hydrophobic particles from water, which I now teach students as a hydrophobic interaction in macroscopic scale. Despite the large difference length scales, both are driven by the water molecules striving to maximize H-bonding in the vicinity of hydrophobic surfaces.
Prof. Yunshik Kim of Seoul National University was my first flotation teacher. After completing his Master's degree program under Iwao Iwasaki at the University of Minnesota, he returned to his alma mater to teach. Upon graduation in 1967, I worked briefly at the Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), where I learned how to measure ζ-potentials to determine the points of zero charge (pzc) of minerals. Drs. Jae-Hyun Oh and Hyung-Sup Choi were my supervisors. After I left Korea for my graduate training at McGll University, the latter became the Minister of Science and Technology, who is credited for laying the foundation for R&D and economic development.
With Tal Salman in a flotation laboratory
at McGill in 1968
At McGill, I studied under Prof. Talat Salman to recover copper and cobalt ions from solution by ion and precipitate flotation. He earned his Ph.D. in gas-phase adsorption and was an expert in gold extraction and mineral flotation. After receiving my MS degree, I continued to work essentially on the same project for my dissertation. With a fellowship from the National Research Council (NRC) of Canada, I had a degree of freedom to do more fundamental research. One aspect of my work was to study the thermodynamics of adsorption, which included building a micro-calorimeter to measure enthalpy changes. It was a frustrating experience to build a major piece of equipment; however, it gave me an opportunity to learn instrumentation and thermodynamics, which was helpful later when I studied hydrophobic interactions. Both my Master's and Ph.D. theses work were rated 'excellent,' for which I graduated with Dean's Honor. Tal Salman was a nice person, and I got along with him well. His wife Alba occasionally visited our home in Ottawa, Ontario, when I was working at CANMET as a Research Scientist.
With Maurice Fuerstenau after my Richard Award lecture
at the 2007 SME meeting
McGill used to offer short courses annually for industry personnel, which created opportunities for students like me to visit with famous speakers such as George Pauling, who used infrared spectroscopy to identify the xanthate species adsorbing on surfaces; Vern Plitt who developed an excellent hydrocyclone model; and Maurie Fuerstenau, who was one of the most productive researchers at the time. I particularly enjoyed a seminar by Vern on the first bitumen extraction plant built in Alberta. I also discussed with Maurice my fractional charge model, which served as a basis for my points of zero charge (pzc) model. I got to know him better when I took a job at Virginia Tech. I also visited his department at University of Nevada to give a seminar on hydrophobic interactions. Shortly after my visit, he nominated me for some major national awards, for which I am grateful to this date. One day, he confided to me about him becoming 80 years old in the next year. Not long after that conversation, I heard the sad news that he died of pneumonia, which started as a common cold. I was saddened by his loss and continue to miss him a great deal.
From McGill, I went to work for CANMET, Ottawa, in 1976. I took this job over another in the U.S. in order to gain a working experience in sulfide flotation. Having studied the chemistry of oxide flotation at McGill, I was anxious to learn something different. CANMET had a long history of base metals flotation research, including extensive pilot-scale testing and field trips. I thought that sulfide flotation was both dynamic, in the sense that its chemistry changes continuously due to oxidation, and complex, as the collector adsorption mechanisms are controlled by multiple variables, e.g., Eh, pH, galvanic contacts, semiconducting properties, etc. My first project there was to construct mass-balanced Eh-pH diagrams for common sulfide minerals in the presence of xanthate collectors so that I could predict flotation from thermodynamic data readily available in literature.
I had planned to validate my thermodynamic predictions against a set of micro-flotation data conducted on pure minerals, but I immediately ran into a problem. The pure mineral samples I prepared were hydrophobic before any xanthate treatment. I had treated the samples using sodium sulfide and pyridine to remove surface oxidation products. I observed the same phenomenon with actual ore samples in a flotation cell. As soon as I reported these observations under the heading 'collectorless flotation,' it attracted a lot of attention and the subject matter became a controversy. Another project I started at CANMET was fine particle flotation, which was probably the most popular research topic at the time. I recall reading a paper written by Graeme Jameson on the hydrodynamics of bubble-particle collision, which inspired me to do something on it.
With Prof. Graeme Jameson at Flotation '11 in Cape Town
I took-up a faculty position at Virginia Tech in 1979, so that I could do more fundamental research. During the first year, I submitted four research proposals, all of which were funded – a feat I have since never repeated. So, I had a good start, which I would attribute to Dick Lucas and Paul Torgersen, who hired me and nurtured my career. I am thankful to them to this date. Knowing that I came from a minerals school, Dick suggested I develop a coal project to serve the local mining industry and introduced me to some of his friends in industry. One day, a U.S. Congressman, Rick Boucher, walked into to my lab without warning with a TV crew following behind him. I saw myself on a local evening news that night.
One day the Congressman invited me to a dinner meeting with coal company executives. After the meal, he stood at a corner of the room and gave a speech on what he did in Washington, D.C., and asked what he should be doing for the next three months. For a young oriental man who grew up under dictatorships all his life, it was a revelation. For the first time I witnessed at close range how democracy works for the first time. In later years, Rep. Boucher gave me opportunities to testify at Congressional hearings in a panel of experts whom I had seen only on TV. It was a humbling experience indeed. I do not think I did a good job, as I was nervous.
Following Dick's advice, I soon developed two coal projects: one was on the salt flotation of coal and the other was on fine coal flotation using small air bubbles (or microbubbles). Although I did not realize its significance at the time, the Kitchener's group at Imperial College, London, invoked the term hydrophobic force for the first time in 1972 to explain the salt flotation phenomenon, which may be referred to as collectorless flotation of naturally hydrophobic materials. The graduate student who worked on the project (John Sabey) went on to work for Vern Degner of Wemco – a well-known flotation expert.
Bbuilding a pilot-scale microbubble flotation column
with Jerry Luttrell
Knowing that smaller air bubbles can give higher collision frequencies and hence higher flotation rates, I approached Al Deurbrouck, Director of Coal Preparation, DOE, who gave me an Oakridge Summer Faculty fellowship. I worked with Ken Miller, in-house flotation specialist, to demonstrate that the concept of microbubble flotation works well for fine coal. In fact, it worked so well with usual flotation feeds finer than 100 mesh that Ken and I ball mill-ground coal samples to obtain micron-size feeds. We then found that the product coal became much cleaner with finer coal, which was of course due to improved liberation. After my return to Virginia Tech, I wrote a proposal to DOE and received a small grant from the University Coal Research Program, which continues to this day.
This project led us to successive research projects involving scale-up, pilot-plant testing, and eventual commercialization under the trade name Microcel. During the course of this successful project, eight graduate students were trained on flotation, many becoming leaders in industry and academia.
Some years later, I competed for a large ($16 million) DOE project and lost. Its objective was to produce premium fuels, defined as the coal-water slurries prepared from super-clean coals with < 2-3% ash. Despite the loss, we received a subcontract for fine coal dewatering, which led us to the development of a series of advanced technologies such as dewatering aids, hyperbaric centrifuge, and dewatering by displacement (DbD). The first two have been commercialized, with the third one being in the process of commercialization. The DbD process has been developed further to a new process known as hydrophobic-hydrophilic separation (HHS), which is capable of recovering and simultaneously dewatering ultrafine particles. Both of these processes appear to be independent of particle size.
When I first arrived in Blacksburg from Canada, I was unsure if I could survive as a tenure-track faculty without a single degree received in the U.S. One phone call helped me overcome this fear. It was probably during the first quarter of my teaching job at Virginia Tech, when Prof. Doug Fuerstenau of Berkeley called to inform me that Prof. George Parks of Stanford University was coming to give a departmental seminar on my work just published. It was my model for predicting pzc's of minerals from crystallographic information, and was an improved version of George Park's original model. I simply incorporated the charge neutrality principle of Linus Pauling into Park's model and achieved a better fit between model predictions and experimental data.
Doug helped me in many other ways during my career at Virginia Tech. He came to visit with us in Blacksburg a couple of times. His first visit was in June, 1982, when I organized a flotation symposium as part of the 56th Colloid and Surface Science Symposium. It was very nice of Prof. Jim Wightman, Conference Chair, to ask me to organize the symposium. It gave me an opportunity to bring many famous flotation scientists to Blacksburg and show my laboratories and ongoing research.
Attendees for the flotation symposium in Blacksburg:
Fuerstenau, Yen, Wakamatsu, name unknown, Yoon, Mukerjie of NSF, Iwasaki
Of the many flotation scientists who attended the flotation symposium in Blacksburg were Bill Trahar and Ron Woods both from CSIRO. Bill was famous for identifying the upper and lower particle limits of flotation. He took much of his data from operating plants, which made his work particularly meaningful. Based on his basic training in electrochemistry, Ron consolidated the mixed potential theory for xanthate adsorption, for which he received the 2016 A.M. Gaudin Award and the 2017 Victoria Order. Bill had received the Gaudin award earlier in 1989. I was happy to see them attending the symposium I had organized. On the other hand, I was scared to see them as two of the world's foremost leaders in sulfide flotation opposed my view on the origin of the collectorless flotation. I thought that sulfide minerals become hydrophobic when the sulfoxy oxidation products are removed, while both Bill and Ron suggested that it was the elemental sulfur formed during the initial stages of oxidation. I contended that elemental sulfur is unstable in alkaline media where I did all of my experiments, and that we could not detect the elemental sulfur by mass spectroscopy. For these reasons, we proposed that the hydrophobic species responsible for the collectorless flotation may be polysilfides rather than the elemental sulfur. The debate went on for more than a decade involving many other scientists, which I enjoyed. Despite the opposing views, we kept our friendships unspoiled for a long time.
With Ron Woods
Following his first visit, Ron Woods came to Blacksburg to do cooperative research for 14 consecutive years. He always came with his wife Elspeth. We had a great time together including my wife Myungshin. In the laboratory, we went beyond the controversies on collectorless flotation and worked together to better understand the mechanisms of xanthate adsorption on sulfide minerals and precious metals. Courtney Young and Mark Pritzker constructed mass-balanced Eh-pH diagrams in the presence of xanthate, while Ron helped us validate the thermodynamic predictions. Cesar Basilio and Dongsoo Kim carried out electrochemical experiments, while Jersey Mielczarski and Jaakko Leppinen conducted spectroscopic analyses using XPS and in-situ FTIR spectroscopic methods. In general, we were pleased to see the results obtained from the electrochemistry, spectroscopy, thermodynamics corroborate well with each other. We were using mainframe computers to handle the overflow and underflow problems associated with solving high-order polynomial equations. Nowadays, the same job can be done using laptop computers. Looking back, it was probably the most productive period of my career, and all of us in my group appreciated the teachings from Ron on electrochemistry.
Ron's regular visit to our group attracted some of the best-known sulfide flotation chemists such as Paul Richardson and Norm Finkelstein to Blacksburg. We also attracted significant funding from industry (Cytec, Cominco, Inco, Phosphate Research Center, etc.) and government agencies (USBM and DOE). Companies came to us for help with problems concerning poor selectivity and the difficulties with fine particle recoveries. We helped the former by minimizing the inadvertent activation of sphalerite by potential control and using complexing agents. I was intrigued with the role of DETA as a pyrrhotite depressant. We suggested that the reagent desorbs heavy metal cations by forming water-soluble complexes. The problem of fines recovery was solved by installing better bubble generators.
With some of the best names in one place, I used to joke amongst ourselves that we ought to come up with a major new discovery. In retrospect, it is difficult to say what it was. If nothing at all, we trained many young talents, who became leaders in industry and academia.
In flotation, particles collide with air bubbles and form wetting films in between the two macroscopic surfaces. The thin liquid films (TLF) of water formed on hydrophobic surfaces drain and thin fast and eventually rupture, forming contact angles. The TLFs formed on hydrophilic particles, on the other hand, thin more slowly and never rupture. These differences serve as the basis for flotation separation.
In 1969, Janus Laskowski and Joseph Kitchener analyzed the process of contact angle formation using the Frumkin-Derjaguin isotherm and concluded that one must consider the role of "hydrophobic influence" to explain the contact angle formation. Three years later, Blake and Kitchener used the term "hydrophobic force" instead to explain the phenomenon of film rupture on a methylated silica surface at a high concentration of inorganic electrolyte solution. They thought that the hydrophobic force, which was considered a short-range attractive force, was masked under the influence of the long-range repulsive double-layer force. When the double-layer was compressed at a high concentration of inorganic salt, however, the hydrophobic force emerged as a surface force not considered previously in the classical DLVO theory. The authors thought that this mechanism had a bearing on the salt flotation of inherently hydrophobic materials such as bituminous coal.
With Janus and Barbara Laskowski, and Myungshin at a dinner
I read Janus's paper when I was a graduate student at McGill and was fascinated. However, I did not quite comprehend its significance until I dug into it recently when we started measuring the hydrophobic forces in wetting films. I was also intrigued by Janus' other work showing that the ζ-potentials of silica particles do not diminish significantly by methylation. I attributed this observation as a supporting evidence for my fractional charge model discussed above.
In 1982, Jacob Israelachvili and William Pashley of Australian National University reported the first direct measurement of the hydrophobic force, confirming the suggestion made by Kitchener's group during late 1960s and early 70s. The measurement was conducted using the surface force apparatus (SFA) by approaching curved mica surfaces to each other in a cationic surfactant solution. Many follow-up papers confirmed Jacob and Bill's measurement; however, many others were skeptical. The controversy went on for more than a generation. My research group at Virginia Tech has been actively involved in the debate for over 25 years, which I enjoyed immensely. My background in flotation helped me a great deal in the debate.
Some years ago, I met Jan Christer Eriksson, a thermodynamicist retired from the Royal Institute of Technology, at a surface force symposium in Stockholm. We hit it off with each other instantly as both of us believed in hydrophobic force and thought that it had something to do with water structure. Since the DLVO theory was derived by treating water as a continuum, it cannot address the structural changes associated with film thinning. Derjaguin wrote several papers addressing this issue and called the hydrophobic force a 'structural force.'
With Kristina and Jan C. Eriksson in Blacksburg
I invited Prof. Eriksson to Blacksburg to work with us to study the thermodynamics of macroscopic hydrophobic interaction. We used an atomic force microscope (AFM) to measure the surface forces between thiol-coated gold surfaces. The measurements were conducted at several different temperatures to determine thermodynamic functions. We were surprised with the results; the interaction was enthalpic, that is, the free energy changes were dominated by enthalpy rather than entropy. This new finding was contrary to what had been known for the hydrophobic interactions at molecular-scale such as self-assembly of hydrocarbon chains.
Our thermodynamic data indicated that the water confined between hydrophobic surfaces becomes increasingly structured with decreasing film thickness. This conclusion was supported by the recent sum frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopic studies showing that the water at the hydrophobic surface/water interfaces forms strongly H-bonded structures, which are often referred to as "ice-like."
The difference between the macroscopic- and molecular-scale hydrophobic interactions arises from the difference in the curvatures of the hydrophobic surfaces involved, which in turn affect the vicinal water structure.
We also measured attractive surface forces in ethanol, which we called "solvophobic forces." Both ethanol and water are H-bonded liquids and hence behave similarly in the TLFs confined between hydrophobic surfaces. In effect, hydrophobic force is a solvophobic force, which arises from the antipathy between the H-bonding molecules in the vicinity of surfaces that cannot support H-bonds.
On a little more practical side, we developed a theoretical model for hydrophobic coagulation by adding a hydrophobic force term to the classical DLVO theory. Gaudin in his textbook on flotation showed that the flotation rate of galena decreased with decreasing particle size but stayed constant below around 5 microns, which may be attributed to the hydrophobic coagulation. Scientists considered this work, which was carried out by Zhenghe Xu as part of his thesis work, provided an indirect evidence for the presence of hydrophobic force in colloid films. After many years of his successful career in Alberta, Zhenghe has accepted the deanship at the Southern University of Science and Technology in China.
With Zhenghe Xu
Encouraged by Zhenghe's work, I decided to get involved in direct force measurement and bought an SFA from ANU. I was pleased to learn how well the results corroborate with the information available in flotation literature. We found also that hydrophobic force increased with water contact angle, which convinced me of its existence and role in flotation. We also used the SFA to measure the forces between bitumen-coated mica surfaces. At the time, most people thought that the surface chemistry of bitumen droplets in water was controlled by the naturally occurring surfactant, e.g., fatty acids, exposed on the surface. Our SFA data showed for the first time that it was asphaltene, rather than fatty acids, controlling the colloid chemistry of bitumen, which has far-reaching implications in bitumen extraction from oil sands. We then started using the atomic force apparatus (AFM) to measure surface forces, mainly because we were interested in force measurement with opaque minerals such as copper sulfide and precious metals.
We also used the extended DLVO theory that was used to model hydrophobic coagulation to explain the stability of foams and froth. However, our work drew criticisms from some well-known foam specialists in Europe, who had been measuring surface forces in foam films using the thin-film pressure balance (TFPB) technique of Scheludko. If the Hamaker constants are known, one can use the DLVO theory to back-calculate the ζ-potentials at the air/water interface. We found that this approach worked rather well at high surfactant concentrations but not so at lower concentrations. The back-calculated ζ-potentials were substantially lower than calculated using the Gibbs adsorption isotherm or measured experimentally. We suggested that the hydrophobic force not considered in the DLVO theory may account for the discrepancy.
Thus, the idea of air bubbles being hydrophobic was born. If one accepts that air bubbles are hydrophobic, flotation may then be considered a hydrophobic interaction. That air bubbles in water are most hydrophobic in pristine water is consistent with the high interfacial tensions at the air/water interface. When I wrote a book chapter summarizing our work, a letter-to-the-editor apposing our views appeared in Langmuir, to which I responded.
Having spent more than 25 years trying to convince myself of the existence of hydrophobic forces in both colloid and foam films, my next target is the flotation (or wetting) films. I knew that it would be a challenge, as many investigators had troubles coping with bubble deformation, which made it difficult to determine the exact separation distances between the two macroscopic surfaces, i.e., mineral and air bubble. To my surprise, however, it did not take too long for a Master's degree student (Lei Pan, who now teaches at Michigan Tech) to quickly modify the TFPB that I had for foam film studies, so that it could also be used for studying wetting films. One thing we realized was that wetting films thinned much faster than foam films. Therefore, we used a high-speed camera to capture the fast-evolving optical fringes, which can then be analyzed offline to construct spatiotemporal film profiles. By analyzing the spatiotemporal film profiles, we were able to determine the kinetics of bubble deformation, which in turn could be analyzed to determine the hydrophobic disjoining pressure using the Reynolds lubrication theory and the extended DLVO theory. We found that hydrophobic forces increased with increasing xanthate concentration as reported in Faraday Discussions in 20 | 5,861 |
Peyton Manning Charity Raises $25K From 'Omaha' Calls
Nebraskan businesses donated $800 every time the QB yelled the word
By Eliana Dockterman @edocktermanJan. 20, 2014
Greg Trott / AP
Denver Broncos quarterback Peyton Manning passes during a game against the Oakland Raiders on Sunday, Dec. 29, 2013, in Oakland. Manning set many records this season including most touchdowns thrown in a single game (seven) and most thrown in one season (55).
Peyton Manning's play-calling Sunday didn't just take his team to the Super Bowl, it earned his charity a cool<|fim_middle|> mentioned by Manning or the commentators.
Peyton Manning and the Denver Broncos will play the Seattle Seahawks in the Super Bowl on Feb. 2.
[ESPN] | $25k.
The Denver Broncos quarterback is well-known for shouting "Omaha" at the line of scrimmage, so businesses based in the Nebraskan city promised to donate a combined $800 each time Manning said the word during Sunday's game against the New England Patriots. The quarterback said "Omaha" 31 times, raising a total of $24,800 for Manning's Peyback Foundation.
"This has been terrific for us," David G. Brown, president and CEO of the Greater Omaha Chamber of Commerce, which headed up the effort, told ESPN. "Before Friday, we had calculated that news coverage of Omaha had generated the equivalent of about $10 million in advertising."
The promotion began after last week's game against the San Diego Chargers, when Manning said "Omaha" 44 times. The City of Omaha has had no interaction with Manning or his charity, but they assume the quarterback will take the money.
The city of Omaha benefited too. Sponsorship evaluation firm Front Row Analytics calculated that the city of Omaha got the equivalent of $150,00 in advertising every time the name was | 233 |
Karel Zýka (C<|fim_middle|> how that really went, plus why are broadcasters investing in radio 'big time' in Germany. Finally a Czech case that proves all hesitations are wrong when it comes to digital platforms.
Monday Radio Night hosted by Czech Radio & Partners | Z)
Head of the DAB+ implementation group
He is the Head of the DAB+ implementation group, which has started the process of digital switchover in the Czech Republic and successfully launched the first nationwide DAB+ network, including new radio stations. Before joining Czech Radio, he worked at TV Prima (part of MTG) and the Audiovisual Producers Association. He graduated from the Czech Technical University in Prague and obtained his Ph.D. from the Academy of Performing Arts. He is a member of the WorldDAB Steering Board.
All Sessions by Karel Zýka (CZ)
March 27, 2023 Monday
Adapting to change: new opportunities
When Norway switched off FM, many thought it's the end of the world in this session we'll take a look at | 170 |
Racing carnivals are underway in South Africa and Dubai.
Cape Town is hosting its summer carnival with<|fim_middle|>ongu and Success Story, trained by Inseok Seo.
The Carnival features a further nine days of high-class international racing leading up to the Dubai World Cup on Saturday 26th March. | major racedays throughout the month of January culminating with the famous J&B Met meeting at Kenilworth Racecourse on Saturday 30th January.
The first recorded winner of the Metropolitan Mile, as it was originally known in 1883, was Sir Hercules and, while the race had a chequered existence for many years in the early 1900's, by the 1960's it was firmly established as one of the "big three" races in South Africa along with the Vodacom Durban July and the Summer Cup in Gauteng.
The race really came alive for those outside of racing circles when in 1978 J&B stepped in as sponsor and the J&B Met has now become the longest running sponsorship for the company.
The J&B Met roll of honour includes the names of many of the top horses to race in the country including Foveros, Wolf Power, Model Man, Empress Club, London News, Horse Chestnut and Yard-Arm.
Brilliant four-year-old Futura, trained by Brett Crawford, won the race last year.
Kenilworth will attract a crowd of 50,000 on J&B Met Day who remarkably will surround the seasonal wetland in the middle of the course and home to the best preserved area of Cape Flats Sand Fynbos in the world. Undisturbed for more than 100 years, the 52-hectare nature reserve hosts hundreds of fauna species; at least 20 species are listed as endangered.
Trainer Ali Rashid Al Raihe was the trainer to follow on the opening night of the Dubai World Cup Carnival at Meydan on 7th January, saddling the first three thoroughbred winners on the Longines-presented card.
In fact the Emirati trainer won every thoroughbred race in which he saddled a runner.
His evening was highlighted by Le Bernardin who was victorious in the featured 1600m Group 2 Al Maktoum Challenge Round 1, the third of Al Raihe's four winners.
Impressive when winning the Listed Dubai Creek Mile three weeks ago, Le Bernardin had to work harder on this occasion but was never far off the speed under Tadhg O'Shea, who enjoyed a treble on the card.
The three month Dubai World Cup Carnival has 181 accepted horses with 22 Group or Grade 1 winners among them, as well as 17 horses who claimed a Group or Grade 2 contest as their best result and 22 for whom a Group or Grade 3 win was their top performance.
The accepted horses come from 16 countries and this year count among their number the first Dubai World Cup Carnival representatives from South Korea in Che | 569 |
Home / New Music and Video / Interviews and Features / Get To Know Lydia
Get To Know Lydia
By Candace McDuffie on March 25, 2014
Lydia may be riding high on their front-to-back Illuminate tour, which managed to sell out Boston's Brighton Music Hall last week. But moments before this particular performance, the backstage band area seemed more frenzied than festive.
If the boys weren't being shuffled between interviews, they were having their brains picked about the placement of van keys in order to avoid getting a parking ticket<|fim_middle|> I don't hold it higher than any record I've done." As everyone winds down and prepares for a show that promises to be unforgettable, our lead vocalist reminds us that he's a musician first, civilian second. "I'm constantly writing songs—it's highly addictive." Then, out of nowhere, he becomes wistful for a split second. "Hopefully, I'll take some time off soon and explore the songs and ideas I've been working on."
← Previous Story Get to Know Bear Hands
Next Story → Nick Waterhouse Interview PLUS Stream New LP "Holly" | . But by the time they sat down with Performer, they somehow managed to excavate smiles that traveled from ear to ear. Newcomers Matt Keller and Justin Camacho seemed genuinely excited to talk about their time on the road. But Leighton Antelman, Lydia's frontman and the last original member of the band, was more reserved in demeanor and stoic with his responses. He lightens up, though, when he senses all of the jovial vibes.
"The tour has been really incredible—every night the room is always full." He slowly unravels when pressed about the timing of this tour. "We've been wanting to do [an Illuminate tour] for a while, and we finally found the time to properly do it. We've been overseas, we were in Australia. But the fans have waited long enough." Between Camacho's admission as an inherent homebody and Keller's proud declaration of his ability to 'shred a mean solo,' Antelman continues to lay on the introspect. Honestly, it may shock some of his most devoted fans.
"Illuminate is just another record I did that hit heavier with fans—I don't really have a personal connection with it. | 241 |
Shell Turbo Oil N has been specially formulated to satisfy the demanding requirements of steam turbines and gas compressor in ammonia and synthesis gas applications.
Shell Turbo N was developed particularly for the lubrication of ammonia and synthesis gas compressors, requiring high quality rust and oxidation inhibited oils.
Advice on applications not covered in this leaflet<|fim_middle|> when ammonia is the gas to be compressed.
Resist the formation of sludge and other harmful products formed by oil oxidation.
Easy drainage of excess water from lubrication systems.
Very effective air-release minimises air entrapment.
Turbo N also has a minimal tendency for foam formation. | may be obtained from your Shell Representative.
Shell Turbo N is based on a blend of specially chosen highly refined base oils with specific selected additives to enhance the rust and corrosion properties. This results in a high level of corrosion protection for all metal surfaces, even | 50 |
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American Association of Petroleum Geologists
Clay Minerals Society
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NRC Research Press
Towards the multi-scale characterization of braided fluvial geobodies from outcrop, core, ground-penetrating radar and well log data
Luis Miguel Yeste
Sedimentary Reservoirs Workgroup, Deptartment of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology, University of Granada
Saturnina Henares
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Leuven
Neil McDougall
Repsol Exploración S.A. Méndez Álvaro 44
Fernando García-García
César Viseras
https://doi.org/10.1144/SP488.3
Luis Miguel Yeste, Saturnina Henares, Neil McDougall, Fernando García-García, César Viseras, 2019. "Towards the multi-scale characterization of braided fluvial geobodies from outcrop, core, ground-penetrating radar and well log data", River to Reservoir: Geoscience to Engineering, P. W. M. Corbett, A. Owen, A. J. Hartley, S. Pla-Pueyo, D. Barreto, C. Hackney, S. J. Kape
The integrated application of advanced visualization techniques – validated against outcrop, core and gamma ray log data – was found to be crucial in characterizing the spatial distribution of fluvial facies and their inherent permeability baffles to a centimetre-scale vertical resolution. An outcrop/behind outcrop workflow was used, combining the sedimentological analysis of a perennial deep braided outcrop with ground-penetrating radar profiles, behind outcrop optical and acoustic borehole imaging, and the analyses of dip tadpoles, core and gamma ray logs. Data from both the surface and subsurface allowed the recognition of two main architectural elements – channels and compound bars – and within the latter to distinguish between the bar head and tail and the cross-bar channel. On the basis of a well-constrained sedimentological framework, a detailed characterization of the gamma ray log pattern in the compound bar allowed several differences between the architectural elements to be identified, despite a general cylindrical trend. A high-resolution tadpole analysis showed that a random pattern prevailed in the channel, whereas in the bar head and tail the tadpoles displayed characteristic patterns that allowed differentiation. The ground-penetrating radar profiles aided the 3D reconstruction of each architectural element. Thus the application of this outcrop/behind outcrop workflow provided a solid database for the characterization of reservoir rock properties from outcrop analogues.
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Geological Society, London, Special Publications
River to Reservoir: Geoscience to Engineering
P. W. M. Corbett;
P. W. M. Corbett
Institute of Petroleum Engineering, School of Energy, Ge<|fim_middle|> Reservoirs', which considered the dynamic changes to river systems as part of natural processes, particularly changing climatic conditions. Bringing researchers from two different locations to Brazil and the UK allowed scientists to contribute to and promote, 'debate on current research…on how the planet works and how we can live sustainably on it'. This volume features a series of papers on the geoscience of modern and ancient rivers from across the world (Brazil, United States, Spain, Argentina, Canada, India and the UK), their evolution through time, their management, their deposits and their engineering, with both subsurface aquifers/hydrocarbon reservoirs (of Carboniferous, Triassic and Cretaceous age) and surface reservoirs considered.
Citing Books via | oscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot-Watt University
Edinburgh EH14 4AS
A. Owen;
A. Owen
School of Geographical and Earth Science, University of Glasgow
Glasgow G12 8QQ
A. J. Hartley;
A. J. Hartley
Department of Geology and Petroleum Geology, University of Aberdeen
Aberdeen AB24 3UE
S. Pla-Pueyo;
S. Pla-Pueyo
Department of Didactics of Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Science Education, University of Grenada
Paseo de la Cartuja s/n 18071, Granada
D. Barreto;
D. Barreto
School of Engineering and Built Environment, Edinburgh Napier University
Merchiston Campus, 10 Colinton Road, Edinburgh EH10 5DT
C. Hackney;
C. Hackney
Energy and Environment Institute, University of Hull
Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX
S. J. Kape
Salar Geoscience Ltd
The Stables, Moneys Farm, Bottle Lane, Mattingley, Hook, Hampshire RG27 8LJ
https://doi.org/10.1144/SP488
© 2019 The Author(s). Published by The Geological Society of London. All rights reserved
ISBN electronic:
This volume brings together a number of papers from two workshops with the theme, 'Rain, Rivers, | 322 |
In this brief reflective note, I would like to share with you how this year has been professionally rich for me and how I was able to expand the network for NELTA. I expect that this reflection will be useful information for those who are looking for similar experience.
I felt both honored and privileged to participate in the Hubert Humphrey Fellowship in the year 2010/11. This is a highly prestigious program that brings mid-career professionals to the US and offers professional opportunities to foster mutual exchange among educational leaders working in the US and other countries. This year there were 217 fellows from 93 countries based in 17 different universities in the US. The fellowship year has been a rich professional experience for me. I feel that I have been able to expand my network with scholars here in the US and the world. Expansion of professional network, meeting people and sharing information about NELTA activities were my top priorities. I attended some courses in the School of Education at BU. I also observed some of the English language classes at the Center for English Language Orientation Program (CELOP).
Let me begin with the course experience at BU. Among the courses that I attended, TESOL Seminar and TESOL Field Observation were the ones that I would like to particularly talk about. TESOL Seminar is a course in which students are guided through the steps of curriculum design and writing a book. The professor introduced us to the concept of Tri-dimensional Syllabus that combines the Topics (Themes), Language Functions, and Grammar. By combining these three elements we can really address the topical interest of the learners, expose the learners to the desired language functions and provide them with the type of grammar they need.<|fim_middle|> forward to sharing these experiences in Nepal and contributing to the professional growth of NELTA and its members.
I encourage NELTA colleagues to apply for this kind of fellowship and be a part of such great experience. | In addition to this, we also analyzed some of the textbooks and curricula in line with the class discussion on curriculum and materials design.
Another course that I found very useful was TESOL Field Observation. In this particular course, we observed the student teachers in class and shared our experiences. The students were assigned to observe at least three classes per week. We had to take notes of how the class began, how the learning goals were communicated to the students, how the learning activities were organized in class, what the types of errors the students committed were, how those errors were detected and addressed by the teacher, whether or not the students learned from the errors they committed, how the classroom dynamics were managed and so on. At the end of the week we would come to the class at the university, share our experiences and plan for the next week's observations.
In addition to this, I also designed a Google that I plan to use with my students back in Nepal. In this website, I have tried to include the wonderful online resources that English teachers can use in their class. Also I have hyperlinked a lot professional development resources. I will regularly update the page and please do feel free to browse the page and use the resources available there. Also, please do send me your feedback and comments so that I can make it more reader-friendly and user-friendly.
Nepal is now going through a shift and English language is going to be one of the key languages in the Nepalese education system. One of the things that I wanted to learn here in the US was how English is taught in multi-lingual and multi-cultural contexts so that I can share my experience with my colleagues in Nepal in order to address the linguistic and cultural diversities in Nepal. I observed English language classes both in university and schools here and talked to the teachers. I found that the teachers use these cultural and linguistic diversities as resources in their class. They encourage the students to share their cultural practices in relevant lessons and compare the linguistic elements among different languages.
During the fellowship year, I attended a Leadership Seminar Series by Prof. Jack McCarthy from the School of Management, BU. The leadership seminar was one of the highlights of the fellowship year. Prof. McCarthy helped us carry out the Leadership Survey through which I was able to see my leadership qualities from the perspectives of the people I was working with back home. One of the things that I would like to share from this experience is 'leadership is not what you think about you but what other people think about you'. If one wants to become a successful leader, s/he has to develop a mechanism to get regular feedback from the colleagues, co-workers, sub-ordinates and the wider audience. This is the key to a successful leadership.
I was lucky enough to participate in the mega ESL event i.e. TESOL conference in New Orleans. The conference was a great learning experience which not only connected me to the global ESL/EFL community from around the world but also updated me with trends in ESL/EFL scholarship. About 5300 teachers from around the world presented and participated in the conference.
During the same conference I attended a Leadership Course organized by TESOL for TESOL members and the leadership workshops that I attended gave me the confidence to volunteer myself to lead the professional organization at the regional and global levels.
I have established a great network in the conference and I have volunteered to one of the global forums to develop the key performance of the English language teachers of all levels of education.
I also did a series of presentations in different forums and I highlighted the role that NELTA has been playing to promote and enhance English language teaching in Nepal.
These are some of the activities that I did in the last ten months and I am now looking | 761 |
Journal Entry 8: April 1866
Highlights from the Journal of Edwin Mitchell, Vol. 1:
Apr. 8: "This A.M. about nine Oclock we made<|fim_middle|>-footed sea bird with long, slender wings for gliding. The albatross is among the largest sea birds. today that measured eleven feet from the tip of one wing to the tip of the other."
‹ April 1, 1866 up April 10, 1866 › | Cape HornCape Horn
The southern tip of South America, the main obstacle to sailing west to the Pacific. The wind blows hard from the west, and vessels could take weeks to get around the Cape, into the Pacific Ocean. and at half past ten we past (sic) it....it is a small island rising up to a high bluff at the waters edge and a small white rock in the shape of a hay cock just out side of it. It is a rough looking place all around here....we run up to it with topmost studding sailStudding sail Stuns'l
A sail used to increase the sail area of a square-rigged vessel in light winds. Pronounced "stuns'l." and RoyalsRoyal sail Royals
A small sail flown immediately above the topgallant on square-rigged vessels. Originally called "topgallant royal." Used in light winds on masts tall enough to accommodate extra canvas. set....we had not past more than a half an (hour?) before we had her under reefedReef
The amount of sail taken in by securing one set of reef-points. It is the means of shortening sail to the amount appropriate to an increase in the strength of the wind. As a verb, it means to shorten sail in a vessel by reducing the area exposed to the wind. topsails, although we have had very fine weather for the latitudes. Our BoatswainBoatswain bos'n, bosun
Pronounced "bos'n," the leading petty officer of the deck crew of a merchant ship, in charge of equipment and the crew. says that this is the twelth time he has doubledDouble
To go around. Doubling the Horn means to sail around Cape Horn. Some say it refers to the tendency of ships to be blown back and have to try to get around the Horn again. Cape StiffCape Stiff
Sailors' nickname for Cape Horn. and it is the best weather that he has seen here. We passed within about four miles of it; well we are around the first corner and half the distance passed over but it took a long time to do it, seventy two days."
Apr. 9: "We had a very narrow escape from going ashore on Diego Ramires IslandsDiego Ramires Islands
A small group of lesser islands in the Drake Passage, about 60 miles southwest of Cape Horn. These islands contain the southernmost point of the South American continent. , at dark we could just see them to LeewardLeeward
Downwind from the point of reference. The leeward side of a vessel is called the lee side., they being very low land and it was very dark and the sea running high we could not see them; as luck would have it about three Oclock the moon came out and there was Mr. Islands just under our Lee; we got the ship on the other tackTack
The side of the sail against which the wind is blowing. The vessel might be described as being on a port tack or a starboard tack. as quick as we could and set the fore lower topsail, we just cleared them and that was all you could say about it for there was no room to spare; if we had struck there would not have been one of left to tell the tale....The mate caught an albatrossAlbatross "Albertross"
A large, web | 702 |
They need<|fim_middle|> She is an author and a columnist. | you to listen to them. They do not need you to show them how powerful you are. They need you to make their environment safe for them so that they can learn in full trust. Children have keen observation. They learn to be what you show them.
She also told me that there is one classmate from her former school, whom the teacher would hit her every day for one reason or another. Her parents never turned up to talk to the teacher.
She feels very strongly about corporal punishment in school. She would speak up whenever she sees or hears children being punished by their teachers.
A 10-year-old child could weigh the severity of the matter. Children have ideas and opinions. If adults listen to them, they will be able to make a difference in everyone's lives.
Parents must make sure that their children are safe in the classrooms before sending them there. If you are looking for the right preschool programme, talk to the teacher first.
A good school is where children can learn and develop in a safe and supporting environment. Look around you, pay attention to how the teachers run the classes. Observe how the children respond to the teachers. Do they seem happy or scared?
Children have needs. When they do not receive attention for their needs, they will act up or behave negatively. Adults who understand will help them learn appropriate means to express themselves.
Parents and teachers need to learn skills to handle children's misbehaviours. The use of positive discipline at home and in school can enrich children's lives and help them reach their full potential. Instead of lashing out at them, adults can find ways to make learning enjoyable so that children will want to remain in school and love learning.
Ruth Liew is an expert in early childhood education, child development, parenting, and child care. | 363 |
Park Ranger Brad Rodriguez
Park Service Profiles
Brad Rodriguez grew up in Aiken, South Carolina. He often camped at Hamilton Branch State Park on the weekends with his family and it was there he discovered he wanted to be a park ranger. Rangers were quick to share fishing tips with young Rodriguez and it made quite the impression! Rodriguez went on to earn a degree in Outdoor Leadership from Young Harris College and joined the South Carolina State Park Service shortly thereafter.
Rodriguez started his park ranger career at Santee State Park and then moved to Lake Warren State Park, where he currently works<|fim_middle|> up to see several visitors laughing so hard they were crying," he said.
When asked if he would encourage others to become a park ranger, Rodriguez said: "Of course! Whether you realize it or not, you are making memories not only for yourself but also for everyone who enters your park. I have been given the privilege of truly impacting and influencing the way people view nature." Thank you, Ranger Rodriguez, for all you do! | as a Ranger I. As a park ranger, especially at a park the size of Lake Warren, rangers are required to be a jack-of-all-trades! Rodriguez does everything from maintenance to administrative work, but his favorite thing to do is lead interpretive hikes. When asked what he finds most satisfying about his job, Rodriguez said: "Connecting people to nature and fostering a sense of childlike wonder to all who enter the gate. I love educating people on the history of our parks and everything that dwells inside."
Another interesting aspect of being a park ranger many people don't realize is quite a few State Park Service employees live on their park! Rodriguez says: "Living on the park is a major reward as I am fully immersed in the life cycle of the park. It is funny after living on the park, animals seem to get used to your presence allowing you to get a closer look. Now, if only I could figure out how to get them to do that when leading an interpretive hike!" There is such a thing as too close, however, as we found out when Rodriguez was asked to share his funniest story. "One time I had a squirrel run up my leg and onto my back and as I was jumping around, stripping my jacket and trying to get it off me, I looked | 264 |
Matt Teske is a graphic designer, electric car advocate, and marketing expert who lives in Portland, Oregon.<|fim_middle|> road. The only difference is how you fuel it. Chargeway now makes that easy for everyone to understand," Teske says. By taking the mystery out of driving electric, Teske and Chargeway are making an important contribution to the electric car revolution. | He thinks one of the factors holding back the EV revolution is that buyers and sales people are confused by all the new terms that apply to the electric car experience. Kilowatts, kilowatt hours, volts, amps, fast charging, Level 2, CCS, CHAdeMO, Supercharger — it's a lot to absorb. To address those issues, he has created Chargeway, a system of simple graphics that make electric car charging easy for everyone to understand.
Confusion often leads to indecision which leads to putting off a buying decision until some unspecified time in the future. Some people who think they want to buy an electric car may choose to buy a conventional car instead because it's easier to deal with the known than the unknown. Familiarity brings with it a comfort level that is often missing with new technology.
Teske's system uses numbers and colors to take the mystery out of shopping for an electric car. Engineers and techies may enjoy bantering about abstruse concepts. Regular folks just want to know where they can plug in and how long they will have to wait before they can unplug and continue driving. We don't need to understand the theories of André-Marie Ampère to use a microwave, for instance. Teske's system accommodates all current charging standards and can be easily modified to include new standards when and if they become available.
All that information is displayed on a large kiosk-type graphic car dealers can use in their showrooms to simplify the charging process and make it more understandable to both consumers and sales people. Teske believes his Chargeway system has important advantages for everyone involved in buying or selling electric cars.
Drivers get a simpler way to filter an app that locates charging stations, without having to know the jargon, names, and ratings of the different standards.
Sales staff desperately need to understand "electric fuel" to explain easily and simply to mass-market buyers how the cars can be charged.
Utility companies get a much easier way to explain to their customers why they should consider "fueling" their next vehicle not with liquid hydrocarbons but with plug electricity.
Charging networks get a simple, universal, and easy-to-implement labeling system that all drivers will come to associate over time with electric-car charging.
Teska tells Green Car Reports his Chargeway system is getting lots of attention from all stakeholders. The Oregon Department of Transportation will begin using the Chargeway system along the I-84 and I-5 corridors later this year. The state's automobile dealers association has signed on to the project. Utility companies are also getting involved. Pacific Power and Portland General Electric will utilize the Chargeway program to boost electric car acceptance among their customers. After all, utilities sell electricity. Why wouldn't they be promoting the idea of driving electric cars?
"An electric car drives just like any other car on the | 576 |
← Newark Academy's Jay Gerish concludes coaching career with a grand run in A.C., recalls the tremendous wrestlers who made the past 19 years so special
Remembering Coach LaRezza, as HS softball scrimmage season begins, with lunch at Rutt's Hut, then a game →
Former standout Newark Academy wrestler Jim Avola recalls great times with Coach Gerish
When Jay Gerish was named head wrestling coach at Newark Academy in 1997, he began building a program with young, hard-working wrestlers.
Two years after taking the job, one of his first top grapplers was Jim Avola, who wrestled at Newark Academy from 1999-2003. Avola had a marvelous high school career, winning 125 matches, as well as three District 14 titles and one Region 4 crown.
Avola would go on to wrestle at Davidson College and continues to make his home in North Carolina today. He is still active in coaching wrestling today.
Avola wanted to remember his coach, who recently stepped down after a successful 19-year coaching career.
Coach Gerish and star wrestler Jim Avola, during Avola's high school days at Newark Academy. (Courtesy of Jim Avola)
"As I sit down to reflect and write about my time with Coach Gerish, and what he has meant to me, I realize that this is not an uncommon occurrence. You see, while many people are blessed with great high school coaches, I, and all of the Newark Academy wrestlers, were lucky to not only have a great high school coach, but also someone who is and has been a great friend, mentor, and role model.
"I first met Coach Gerish the start of my freshman year at NA, and immediately knew it would be a perfect fit for my next four years. I knew he would help me grow not only on the mat, but off the mat as well. I had had the good fortune of learning from some great names in the wrestling community prior to my time at Newark Academy, Tom and Terry Brands, Tim Jacoutot, Tom Ryan, Ricky Dellegatta, just to name a few, but the lessons I learned from Coach Gerish far surpass anything I had learned before.
"The most crucial and longest lasting lesson I learned from Coach Gerish is simple, yet one of the most difficult things to learn, and as I have found out through my years as a coach, one of the most difficult things to instill in others, and that is self-confidence. The belief that you can achieve anything you set out to accomplish is quite powerful, and Coach made sure I knew that. My freshman year, all 92 pounds of me, (I) had started the season 16-0. One of our last events before Districts was a tri-meet with Gill St Bernards and Glen Ridge. Back in 2000, you could bump up two weights, so Coach had me wrestle 119 in our match against GSB. He did this not for the team, but for me. You see, in the next match, the 112 pound kid was Joe Dubuque.
"After pinning the kid at 119, I came off the mat and asked to bump to 112 for our conference match against Glen Ridge. Needless to say, it ended very well for Joe, not so much for me, but the lesson was learned. Believe in yourself and go out and do it. The results may not always be what you hope for, but what you gain from it goes far beyond the W's and L's. (For the record, Dubuque was a two-time state champion and later a two-time NCAA champ, at the University of Indiana).
"I can continue on and on about the lessons Coach has taught me, or the great memories, from the four District finals, or the three region finals, or even the trips to states, or how Coach taught me<|fim_middle|> and go through countless memories or lessons learned, but I'll keep it simple. Upon graduating Davidson, I started coaching as well. First at Charlotte Catholic High School and now a friend of mine and myself run Darkhorse Wrestling club, with over 200 kids of all ages. As I coach, and have coached this kids, what I find myself doing day after day is trying to emulate Coach Gerish and how he would run practice, and the things he would say to motivate us, pick us up after a loss, or aide in helping us achieve our maximum potential. I often think about what Coach Gerish would think if he saw the way I ran practice, or what I said to my kids, or how I stress more than just wrestling. Would he approve. And if that doesn't speak to the Hall of Fame coach he is and the lasting impressions he has left, I do not know what does."
Wonderful words, from a great kid who has grown into a tremendous young man.
Thanks, Jim. I'm sure Coach Gerish will be overwhelmed with your comments. | how to perfect the take down that lead me to two Southern Conference medals, or even the fun we had on our journey to the dual team state semifinals. I can talk about how, to this day, I am still frustrated over the fact that he never let me get a take down on him, but to be honest, what is more important to this day to me with Coach Gerish is the friendship I gained.
"From day 1, Coach Gerish took me in as if I were a member of his family. Coach, Tobi, Joseph, Patrick, and Jake all become more than people that were in my wrestling community, but people who were a large part of my life. I could not wait to get to practice early so that I could see Joe and Pat and work with them. I could not wait until our post-match dinners where I would hear stories about work, Catawba College days, or team parties at the Gerish household. To this day, I often email or text with Coach, have had the luxury of watching Joe and Pat wrestle at high level events, and continue to look forward to our next chance to get together.
"And I realize I am rambling, and can continue to do so for paragraph after paragraph, page upon page, | 259 |
A NEW VISION FOR JERSEY ROAD
Monday, 20 December 2021 | In Focus, Popular
Brentford FC have presented their vision of what a redeveloped training centre at Jersey Road could look like.
The public consultation document is the first step in what will be a long process before the opening of what the club call the 'Brentford FC Training and Performance Centre' at Jersey Road in Osterley. For over 10 years an old sports pavilion has been the symbolic centre of the training ground and a number of other structures, prefabricated buildings and storage containers, have been added on. In more recent COVID times four marquees have been erected to help with social distancing.
Now the club has a vision of what it would like<|fim_middle|> that something different is happening, that Brentford FC are innovative and exciting.'
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We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. By clicking "Accept", you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. Read more about our Privacy Notice & Cookie Policy. | to do next. A document presented to Hounslow Council and displayed at two public events in early December says ;' Having achieved promotion to the Premier League the existing planning consent is no longer fit for purpose.Therefore, our aim is to deliver a training ground that is fit for a Premier League Club.The proposals will:
• Create a first-class facility to provide the best training and attract the best players and staff.
• Allow us to grow our own talent through a new academy.
• Provide space for regular community use through our links with local schools, sports clubs and other groups.
• Deliver the first Zero Carbon Premier League training ground – ensuring we are sustainable and environmentally friendly in the long-term.'
As it is.
As it might look.
To make this transition from a pavilion and portacabins to a centre which will 'deliver an environment that embodies Brentford FC's values, nurtures talent and enables all players, coaches, staff and visitors to be the best they can be' will require planning permission from Hounslow Council. If that is obtained the current plan is to demolish the pavilion and temporary buildings and replace them with with a new high quality building 'that is a modern interpretation of a traditional barn surrounded by greenery, trees, hedges and fields'.
The building would be a performance centre for the 1st Team, B Team and Women's Team and 'a Football Academy in line with UEFA requirements'.There would also be a covered pitch, a new full size external 4G pitch and floodlights for two outdoor pitches for all year-round training and community use.
Explaining the reference to a 'modern interpretation of a traditional barn, the Club say 'We want to use timber cladding (as the material with the lowest embodied carbon),painted a weathered black, the traditional colour of large rural barns. It is humble and simple with limited decoration that will create a sense of curiosity – | 389 |
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In the News Recent News Year in photos: The Chesapeake watershed in 2018
Year in photos: The Chesapeake watershed in 2018
A wide look at a diverse region shows we're all connected
Canada geese fly over the mouth of a partially frozen Severn River near the Chesapeake Bay Bridge in Annapolis, Md., on Jan. 9, 2018. (Photo by Will Parson/Chesapeake Bay Program)
by Will Parson
The Chesapeake Bay watershed looks very different depending on where you're standing. This time of year, it's a bit colder in Cooperstown, New York, than in Norfolk, Virginia. And the landscape is a little flatter on the Delmarva peninsula than it is at Harpers Ferry.
Also varying widely are the lives of residents across the 64,000-square-mile region, and you don't even have to travel hundreds of miles to see the contrast.
Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, for example, is home to members of the Plain Sect community like the owner of a dairy farm I visited this year. Esh Farm worked with the Pequea Creek Watershed Association and the Lancaster County Conservation District to restore a stream using an array of practices that protect water and livestock, which earned the farm a Governor's Award for Environmental Excellence.
It's also home to seven-year-old Jaiden Lawrence, who I met near his home in the city of Lancaster, where he enjoys watering shade trees and the native plants growing in the rain garden installed by the city just feet from his front door.
In looking through our photos from the past year, I saw that many of the people whose stories we feature have a similarly keen awareness of their place in the watershed and their environmental impact.
However, while most people want to improve the environment around them, only a minority of residents recognize that they are contributing to water pollution, according to the Chesapeake Bay Program's Citizen Stewardship Index.
The bright side is that as more residents begin to see their impact and see their connection to the rest of the watershed, the more they will recognize that protecting the health of water locally and downstream is everyone's responsibility. And they will be even more motivated to do their part—whether it's installing a rain barrel at home, enrolling in farm programs to protect streams or finding opportunities to volunteer with a local environmental organization.
It's my hope that our photography shows important relationships. Farmers who live along the freshwater banks of the Susquehanna River have an impact on the watermen who tong for oysters in the Bay, and a child learning about the environment in Washington, D.C. could someday pass on a sense of stewardship to the next generation.
At a basic level, however, the goal is to show what's at stake, in terms of people's quality of life and biodiversity, and to show how the two are connected. Oysters, blue crabs and fish are important to the health of the Bay even when they don't end up on our plates. And where nature thrives, ultimately it makes people happier and healthier as well.
For more photography from across the watershed follow @chesbayprogram on Instagram!
Capt. Tyrone Meredith harvests oysters with a hand tong near Broad Creek, a tributary of the Choptank River in Talbot County, Md., on Feb. 20, 2018. Meredith finds his summer charter fishing business to be more fruitful, and remembers catching many more oysters 30 years ago. "You could catch 75 bushels by nine o'clock in the morning," Meredith said. "What we usually have is probably eight or 10 bushels now." (Photo by Will Parson/Chesapeake Bay Program)
Shipwright Joe Connor, left, and apprentices Zach Haroth, facing, and Michael Allen work on the Edna E. Lockwood at the Chesapeake Bay Maritime Museum in St. Michaels, Md., on Feb. 20, 2018. Edna is a bugeye, a larger predecessor to the skipjack, built in 1899 with a log canoe hull—a feature that carries over from smaller, earlier workboats used to harvest oysters. (Photo by Will Parson/Chesapeake Bay Program)
Youth crew teams return to dock at Bladensburg Waterfront Park on the Anacostia River on March 5, 2018. (Photo by Will Parson/Chesapeake Bay Program)
Tens of thousands of migrating snow geese flock to a farm field near Middle Creek Wildlife Management Area while tundra swans swim in Lancaster County, Penn., on February 25, 2018. Middle Creek hosted a record 200,000 snow geese the week before. (Photo by Will Parson/Chesapeake Bay Program)
Andre Neal, 36, practices tree climbing at Patapsco Valley State<|fim_middle|> In my 48 years on the Chesapeake (16 with CBPO) I was able to gather many thousand images, but it was all cannibalized, on the sly or by chance and on my own wallet. Such a great thing that the Program recognizes how powerful this stuff can be. Enjoy every minute of it; you're right up there with Dave Harp!
What a spectacular collection from thorough out the watershed! Our beautiful land and people!
Marcia Watson
Thank you for your beautiful photoessay on the Chesapeake Bay watershed. You have captured the essence of where we live — both its beauty and our challenges.
Hope Wright
Really enjoyed them!! Thanks!!
Year in review: Our most popular articles about the Bay in 2017 | Park in Carroll County, Md., on May 17, 2018. "My forearms are on fire!" Neal said, after climbing a second time. Trainees in the Maryland Department of Natural Resource's Work2LiveWELL program completed labor intensive instruction and field trips geared toward developing skills applicable to green careers. (Photo by Will Parson/Chesapeake Bay Program)
John Henry, 89, stands inside the Pamunkey Shad Hatchery on the Pamunkey Indian Reservation in Virginia on April 30, 2018. Henry is in charge of the hatchery, which has operated since 1918 on the Pamunkey River. In 2018 the hatchery was not active because not enough American shad were present in the river to be caught. (Photo by Will Parson/Chesapeake Bay Program)
Brandon Adkins dances a crow hop during the Mattaponi Pow Wow on the Mattaponi Reservation in King William County, Va. on June 16, 2018. (Photo By Kaitlyn Dolan/Chesapeake Bay Program)
Pinxter azaleas bloom in George Washington and Jefferson National Forest in Alleghany County, Va., on May 12, 2018. (Photo by Will Parson/Chesapeake Bay Program)
Wet with rain, a young groundhog, known as a chuckling, looks over its mother's back at Patapsco Valley State Park in Carroll County, Md., on May 17, 2018. Groundhogs give birth to litters of two to six around April or May. (Photo by Will Parson/Chesapeake Bay Program)
Dustin Wichterman of Trout Unlimited fishes with his daughter Brooklyn, 3, along Brushy Run, a tributary of Seneca Creek in Pendleton County, W.Va., on April 21, 2018. (Photo by Will Parson/Chesapeake Bay Program)
A brook trout parr swims in Seneca Creek in Pendleton County, W.Va., on April 21, 2018. (Photo by Will Parson/Chesapeake Bay Program)
Sediment-laden water from Dillon Run meets the flow of the Cacapon River in eastern Hampshire County, W.Va., on Nov. 5, 2018. Storms dumped over an inch of rain on the region in recent days, leading to stormwater-powered erosion. (Photo by Will Parson/Chesapeake Bay Program)
Mike Whetstone of Richmond, Va., kayaks through marsh on Taskinas Creek at York River State Park in James City County, Va., on Nov. 18, 2018. "It's beautiful back there," said Whetstone, who recalled paddling the marsh at a different time of year and seeing numerous fiddler crabs scattering from the muddy banks of the creek. "There were just thousands of them that day." (Photo by Will Parson/Chesapeake Bay Program)
Ryan Davis of the Alliance for the Chesapeake Bay watches for birds in Loudoun County, Va., on May 3, 2018. (Photo by Will Parson/Chesapeake Bay Program)
A cedar waxwing balances itself before reaching for berries on a hawthorn tree along the Spring Creek Canyon Trail in Centre County, Pa., on April 11, 2018. (Photo by Will Parson/Chesapeake Bay Program)
A Cope's gray tree frog perches in a tree as several of the amphibians make mating calls near a flooded forest edge in Annapolis, Md., on May 17, 2018. (Photo by Will Parson/Chesapeake Bay Program)
Freshwater mussels from two native species, alewife floater and Eastern pondmussel, are placed in a basket that will be their home as they grow in a pond at the headquarters of the Anacostia Watershed Society in Bladensburg, Md., on Aug. 22, 2018. The nonprofit placed 5,600 hatchery-raised mussels at seven sites along the Anacostia River to assess survival and reproduction for future restoration efforts. The Anacostia was found to be home to eight native species of mussel, which can each filter roughly 10 gallons of water daily. (Photo by Will Parson/Chesapeake Bay Program)
Dead loblolly pines cast shadows over salt marsh at Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge in Dorchester County, Md., on June 5, 2018. Sea level rise and land subsidence result in brackish water intruding on forested land and killing trees. A study by the Virginia Institute of Marine Science shows that roughly 100,000 acres of coastal forest in the Chesapeake Bay region have died since the 1850s—about half what once existed. (Photo by Will Parson/Chesapeake Bay Program)
Jupiter is a non-releasable barn owl that lives at Tuckahoe State Park in Caroline County, Md., seen on Jan. 17, 2018. Non-releasable raptors, or birds of prey, live in an aviary at the park and travel throughout Maryland as part of the park's Scales and Tales educational program. (Photo by Will Parson/Chesapeake Bay Program)
Natural Bridge in Rockbridge County, Va., is seen on May 13, 2018. The 215-foot arch is carved through 500 million-year-old limestone by Cedar Creek, a tributary of the James River. Sacred to the Monacans, an eastern Siouan nation who have lived in Virginia for up to 10,000 years, the rock face bears the initials of George Washington, who surveyed the area, and was once owned by Thomas Jefferson. (Photo by Will Parson/Chesapeake Bay Program)
A great blue heron hunts at Kenilworth Aquatic Gardens in Washington, D.C., on Aug. 14, 2018. (Photo By Kaitlyn Dolan/Chesapeake Bay Program)
JoAnna and Will Fary, left, plant trees with the sons Justin, 10, and Nathan, 15, with guidance from George Maddox, a farm lead at Wardensville Garden Market during an Earth Day event in Wardensville, W.Va., on April 22, 2018. The trees will provide a riparian buffer between the 100-acre farm and the Cacapon River. (Photo by Will Parson/Chesapeake Bay Program)
Mebaa Braha, left, and Yeab Lemma play cornhole during Old Bay Day at The Sandlot in Baltimore on June 21, 2018. (Photo By Kaitlyn Dolan/Chesapeake Bay Program)
Following heavy rainfall, Max Shaffer, 10, disposes of driftwood collected by volunteers along the shoreline at the Annapolis Maritime Museum during a cleanup of debris released by the opening of floodgates at Conowingo Dam earlier in the week, in Annapolis, Md., on Aug. 2, 2018. (Photo by Kaitlyn Dolan/Chesapeake Bay Program)
Visitors to Yards park in Washington, D.C., play in a fountain on June 5, 2018. (Photo By Kaitlyn Dolan/Chesapeake Bay Program)
Bernie Fowler smiles as he wades into the Patuxent River during Bernie Fowler's 31st annual Wade-In at Jefferson Patterson Park in Calvert County, Md., on June 10, 2018. (Photo By Kaitlyn Dolan/Chesapeake Bay Program)
A visitor rides a jet ski on Goodyear Lake in Milford, N.Y., on July 7, 2018. (Photo By Rebecca Chillrud/Chesapeake Bay Program)
Crosses mark 29 graves belonging to some of the first settlers who died in 1607 at Jamestown Island, Va., seen on April 30, 2018. The graveyard lies within the footprint of the original fort, unearthed by archaeologists from Jamestown Rediscovery in the 1990s. (Photo by Will Parson/Chesapeake Bay Program)
Wind turbines top a ridge in Garrett County, Md., in the North Branch Potomac River watershed on April 20, 2018. (Photo by Will Parson/Chesapeake Bay Program)
Farmland stretches across Lancaster County near Octoraro Lake in Pennsylvania on June 26, 2018. The Octoraro Watershed drains into the Susquehanna River just below Conowingo Dam, and nearly 70 percent of the farmers in the watershed are Plain Sect. (Photo by Will Parson/Chesapeake Bay Program)
Pastures at Pine Draft Farm are rotationally grazed in Hampshire County, W.Va., on Nov. 5, 2018. The roughly 120-acre farm is owned by Brian Eglinger and his wife Kelli Eglinger, who permanently protected the farm from development by putting it into a conservation easement. "We have put enough time and effort into the farm, we wanted to see it stay like this," Eglinger said, noting the proximity to transit lines to Washington, D.C., and the potential for future development in the area. (Photo by Will Parson/Chesapeake Bay Program)
Jaiden Lawrence, 7, visits a rain garden outside his residence in Lancaster, Pa., on Thursday evening. "He's always in there playing," said Jaiden's mother Kalanea Lawrence, who moved to Mulberry Street about six months ago. Jaiden said he likes to water the plants as well as other flowers growing in the neighborhood. Lancaster has implemented 80 stormwater projects since 2012, including tree plantings, green roofs and permeable pavement to address a combined sewage and stormwater pollution problem that was sending hundreds of millions of gallons a year into the Conestoga River. The city's plan calls for green infrastrucutre to not only treat pollution but make the city more livable and sustainable. (Photo by Will Parson/Chesapeake Bay Program)
"Turtle" by artist Nessar Jahanbin decorates a storm drain in Washington, D.C., one of 20 designs chosen in a contest by the nonprofit @AnacostiaWS, seen on Feb. 13, 2018. The mural was funded by the Carter Family Foundation and a D.C. Department of Energy and Environment Community Stormwater Solutions grant. (Photo by Will Parson/Chesapeake Bay Program)
Environmental scientist Amy Nazdrowicz holds a one-year-old bog turtle she found while surveying a wetland habitat in Harford County, Md., on May 29, 2018. Bog turtles are North America's smallest turtle species but are a federally endangered species due to habitat loss and poaching for the pet trade. (Photo by Will Parson/Chesapeake Bay Program)
A red-shouldered hawk visits a forested portion of a residential complex in Annapolis, Md., on April 1, 2018. (Photo by Will Parson/Chesapeake Bay Program)
Virginia bluebells bloom at Wardensville Garden Market in Wardensville, W.Va., on April 22, 2018. (Photo by Will Parson/Chesapeake Bay Program)
Red maple buds extend above Kishacoquillas Creek near its confluence with the Juniata River in Lewistown, Pa., on April 10, 2018. In 2010, Western Pennsylvania Conservancy received a Chesapeake Bay Small Watersheds Grant for $50,000 from the National Fish & Widlife Foundation to implement conservation practices on four farms in order to improve the health of Kishacoquillas Creek and downstream waterways. The project supported the installation of 7,080 feet of streambank fencing as well as other measures to reduce livestock impacts on streams, stabilize streambanks, and provide habitat for fish. (Photo by Will Parson/Chesapeake Bay Program)
A kayaker paddles downstream on the North Fork Shenandoah River near its confluence with the South Fork in Front Royal, Va., on April 22, 2018. (Photo by Will Parson/Chesapeake Bay Program)
Sunset near the offices of the Chesapeake Bay Progam in Annapolis, Md., draws spectators on Nov. 6, 2018. (Photo by Will Parson/Chesapeake Bay Program)
About Will Parson - Will produces digital stories for the Chesapeake Bay Program. He studied ecology and evolution at University of California, San Diego. He reported on water and the environment as a graduate student at Ohio University's School of Visual Communication, and worked at newspapers in New England before landing in Maryland.
watershed Chesapeake Bay photography Chesapeake Bay watershed photo essay
Jim Edward
Awesome collection Will! Love them all but especially the snow geese and Anacostia youth shots! It's a privilege to have you working for us at the Chesapeake Bay Program Partnership!
Kent Mountford
We've never met but this is a wonderful compendium, and I envy that you were able to do this imaging as part or your job. | 2,891 |
Robocalls are unstoppable – 3 questions answered about why your phone won't quit ringing
by Raymond Huahong Tu, The Conversation
Caller ID won't always tell you it's a robot doing the dialing. Credit: LightField Studios/Shutterstock.com
When your phone rings, there's about a 50 percent chance it's a spam robocall. That's not probability – it's what the U.S. government agency regulating telecommunications says. U.S. mobile phone users received 48 billion robocalls in 2018 alone – more than 100 calls per line.
Raymond Huahong Tu, a computer scientist at the University of Maryland who has researched the technologies and practices of robocalling, explains more about these annoying parts of everyday life – and why they're so hard to avoid.
1. Why does everyone get so many robocalls?
Advanced automatic dialing systems make it easier and cheaper for small operations to generate huge numbers of calls. Robocalling computer programs can dial many phone numbers at once, and play a prerecorded or computer-generated voice message to anyone who answers. A person running a robocall operation just has to set up the system and let it run. The program will call mobile phones, homes' landlines, businesses and just about any other number – either randomly, or from massive databases compiled from automated web searches, leaked databases of personal information and marketing data.
It doesn't matter if you've signed up with the federal Do Not Call Registry, though companies that call numbers on the list are supposed to be subject to large fines. The robocallers ignore the list, and evade penalties because they can mask the true origins of their calls. The autodialing programs encode Caller ID information that makes the robocall look like it's from a local number, the Social Security Administration or even your employer's head office. That means it's harder to ignore the calls – and much more difficult to identify who's actually calling.
The calls keep coming because robocallers make money. Partly that's because their costs are low. Most phone calls are made and connected via the internet, so robocall companies can make tens of thousands, or even millions, of calls very cheaply. Many of the illegal robocalls targeting the U.S. most likely come from overseas – which used to be extremely expensive, but now is far cheaper.
Each call costs a fraction of a cent – and a successful robocall scam can net millions of dollars. That more than pays for all the calls people ignored or hung up on, and provides cash for the next round. Casting an enormous net at low cost lets these scammers find a few gullible victims who can fund the whole operation.
Not much help anymore: the National Do Not Call Registry. Credit: The Conversation screenshot of FTC website., CC BY-ND
2. Why is it so easy to fake the Caller ID info?
The current Caller ID system relies on the phone – or computer system – placing the call to tell the truth about its own phone number. This is an artifact from the early 1990s, when Caller ID services began. At that time, the telephone network in the U.S., as in most countries around the world, was a closed system served only by a small number of trusted telephone companies like AT&T and MCI.
Today, of course, the phone system is open to the entire world, with thousands of companies offering telephone service over the internet. The international telecommunications standards, though, haven't kept up and don't yet offer a way to police a system in which mutual trust is not enough to guard against Caller ID abuse.
My own research has worked to develop a standard method of authenticating the Caller ID information. That system would let call recipients be more confident scammers weren't disguising their phone numbers.
In the meantime, the U.S. Federal Communications Commission has been asking U.S. phone companies to filter calls and police their own systems to keep out robocalls.<|fim_middle|> really hard to track these criminals down. Maybe if there were some * or # code one could enter after a robo call, the phone company could latch some deeper info about the call and report it to the feds. Perhaps those who provide gateways for forged numbers could be held accountable.
As you can see, this is a hot button issue with me. I see I've made a few typos in my posts above, most seriously, inadvertently referring to those who handle responses to robo calls as 'human'. I apologize profusely for that error.
CU it should be relatively easy to find them. They are trying to sell you something and thus need a bank account. | It hasn't worked, mainly because it's too costly and technically difficult for phone companies to do that. It's hard to detect fake Caller ID information, and wrongly blocking a legitimate call could cause them legal problems.
3. What can I do to stop getting robocalls?
The best approach is to protect your phone number the way you do your Social Security and credit card numbers. Don't give your phone number to strangers, businesses or websites unless it's absolutely necessary.
Of course, your phone number may already be widely known and available, either from telephone directories or websites, or just because you've had it for many years. In that case, you probably can't stop getting robocalls. My advice for dealing with them is to stay vigilant. Don't assume the Caller ID information that pops up for an incoming call is accurate.
You could, for instance, not answer the call and see if the person leaves a voicemail. Or you could ignore the call and dial the number it came from yourself – connecting you to the real person or organization the call pretended to come from. Lastly, if you do answer the phone, don't assume the caller is telling the truth. Ask questions to help you determine that they're legitimate – or not. And hang up if you have any doubt at all.
Phone companies get new tools to block spam calls
Provided by The Conversation
Citation: Robocalls are unstoppable – 3 questions answered about why your phone won't quit ringing (2019, February 26) retrieved 16 July 2019 from https://phys.org/news/2019-02-robocalls-unstoppable-wont.html
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Jeffhans1
Phone companies need to enable a bogus call or text feature that lets us flag any call or text received as malicious. If the originators or such calls have an overwhelming percent of flagged connections, they are not welcome to connect anymore. We can't trust the automated systems so it is time to create a user-driven one.
First of all don't allow robo callers change the name and number that their phone displays when calling.
Second have a federal no call list and give the people who are called the legal means to sue the callers. A $10,000 judgment in civil court should stop them in their tracks.
KBK
Best yet, switch to a private unpublished number and never answer calls from phone numbers you don't know.
This is how I've avoided phone spam for nearly two decades. And it works.
My phone line is notoriously quiet. same for my cell number. I simply don't hand that info out to just anyone.
KBK I am not so sure that the Robo callers don't just dial random numbers so unlisted or not does not really matter. Also if one needs to have and answering machine they are out of luck.
BobSage
You can buy phones now that allow you to require that any caller not on your whitelist has to press '#' before being connected. That eliminates robocalls. I suspect eventually the robots will learn to press '#'. So, it's a temporary fix, albeit highly effective.
billpress11
Would it be possible to charge a flat monthly rate for normal phone usage then charge extra for high volume users making it unprofitable for the spammers?
carbon_unit
1. Technical steps need to be taken to have verified Caller ID. (This will sadly take time.) Right now, I think those call blockers that use crowd sourced list of telespamming numbers are dangerous. Too much spoofing going on. Just last week we had a call with the faked number of a neighbor.
2. Do Not Call List needs to be expanded to have Non-profit & Political (polls) options. I'm tired of electioneering occurring on my phones! And anybody who thinks about it for a moment would never answer questions on call from someone claiming to be a pollster. Into what databases is that info going. On the occasions I've gotten a name of the polling organization, I could not find them on a web search.
I'm beginning to think that until we have solid caller ID, we need to reverse strategy. If you have time and can safely do it, answer all those odd calls and press the button to talk to the bastards! Then tie them up as best you can:
- just lay the phone down
- play music
- pretend to be a kid
- pretend to be interested but dim-witted or hard of hearing
- ask a lot of questions about their product - try to get identifying info
- "Dave's not here man!"
- cuss them out
- feed them bogus info (being careful that non of it could be valid for somebody else)
- other ideas?
They may have automation that places millions of calls quickly and cheaply, but they don't have the humans to deal with anywhere near that call volume. They rely on [tens of ?] thousands of calls being unanswered/hung-up on to screen them out from the handful of calls where a sucker bites. If the filter burden shifts to the operators, they will be swamped. It will destroy their operating model.
@Jeffhans1: Caller ID spoofing renders block lists based on offending numbers useless. In fact it's dangerous. I've seen real numbers come up on multiple occasions, including a neighbor's recently. With this kind of scheme in play, the use of someone's legitimate number will effectively be a denial of service attack on them.
@MR166: can't really do this until the spoofing problem is solved.
@bobsage: Maybe next step is to ask a math problem. What if you have more than one extension? Does it work then? I've considered setting up a little PBX as a call filter.
https://en.wikipe...28PBX%29
3. Landlines deserve the same kind of legal protection against robo calls that cell phones have.
@MR166: I like the right of private action. This is the time of year when little podunk lawn care guys call. I'd love to be able to record their call and after their pitch I say "You have violated the do not call list. Please send me a check for $500 or I'll see you in small claims court."
Last election cycle, as before, our local sheriff was recording robo calls for local GOP candidates. I caught one coming in from out of county and called that number back. It was a disconnected number. Imagine that, the sheriff calling from forged numbers! I wish I had a video of answering that one. I would have been quite entertaining to turn it over to the local news stations...
You know what to expect this year. Get your recording setup ready now and enjoy the hilarity that your evidence will cause these law violating officials.
Put a legal $10,000 bounty on their heads and this will stop overnight. I can see the TV ad now.
Are you a victim of robo-callers? Just call Dowe-Suem and Howe for a free consultation.
The problem is finding the bastards. Between VOIP connections from anywhere on the planet and number spoofing, it is | 1,687 |
The set will go on sale beginning at Noon (Eastern) on Tuesday, February 18, 20<|fim_middle|> presidents.
The 2014 United States Mint Presidential $1 Coin Proof Set is also available as part of the US Mint's subscription program. Those opting for the subscription service for the Presidential $1 Coin Proof Sets will be entitled to a 10% discount bringing the price of this year's release down to $17.05.
Orders are accepted at the US Mint website of http://www.usmint.gov/catalog and by calling 1-800-USA-MINT (872-6468). | 14. Pricing of the Presidential $1 Coin Proof Set is listed as $18.95, plus the US Mint's standard shipping and handling charge of $4.95 per order.
Each is struck to proof quality at the United States Mint facility in San Francisco.
As with all other Presidential $1 Coins, the obverse contains the portraits of the honored individual. Shown on the reverse is a depiction of the Statue of Liberty.
The four coins of the set appear together in one protective lens. It ships inside an illustrated outer box which contains colored portraits of the honored | 118 |
The drafter of the Money Bill Amendment Procedure and Related Matters Bill went through the changes they had been asked to incorporate as suggested by the Committee at the 12 August meeting as well as the additional sections they had been asked to flesh out. Clause 1: Definitions, one definition had been added which referred to revenue bills. Clauses 2 and 3 remained the same. Clause 4, the Fiscal Responsibility clause, now had wording that matched the option the Committee had chosen at the previous session. There were changes to Clause 6 on the procedure prior to the introduction of the National Budget. They had separated the processes into two sections. The first would concern what the Portfolio Committee would do prior to the tabling of the National Budget and the second concerned the processes around the Medium Term Budget Policy Statement, the Fiscal Framework and the Division of Revenue Act.
Clause 7 was an overall section on the tabling of the National Budget. New inclusions here were references to the medium and long term where applicable, the key macro assumptions and contingent liabilities for the long term debt situation.
Clause 8 dealt with the adoption of the Fiscal Framework. A process had been added for when the National Council of Provinces passed a different Fiscal Framework to the National Assembly.
Clause 9 proposed two options in order to reflect the separate processes of the NA and the NCOP. The issues that arose from this clause were that this would be a Section 76 Bill and the current procedure for a Section 76 Bill.
Clause 10 concerned the passing of the Appropriations Bill. The meaning of "optional" in 10(1)(b) was questioned. The reference to capital and recurrent expenditure was queried. A suggestion was made that the Fiscal Framework, once adopted should take on the status of a resolution – to differentiate it from other documentation.
Other questions were about terminology such as "consult" versus "recommend", the inclusion of performance assessments and the possibility of Treasury control. General comments were made on policy prioritisation, the difficulty of sourcing the required information and the emphasis on attempting to influence the budget by allowing the National Treasury to be aware of the issues that concerned Parliament. The functioning of the US Congressional Budget Office was mentioned. It was suggested that the report on the Appropriations Bill might be the appropriate opportunity for opposition political parties to respond.
Clause 11 covered the passing of Revenue<|fim_middle|> should compare and isolate changes to be made.
Ms Fubbs commented on 8(b) and stated that it should include the concept of transfers. She also thought it inadvisable to reject what another Committee was saying. She asked if the Division of Revenue Bill would be reported in both Houses simultaneously and specifically asked for a closer look at the technicality linked to special adjustments. Would there be time?
Mr Singh remarked that he did not want any surprises, referring to the unfinished sub-clause 7 on the adjustment appropriation bill. In sub-clause 6, he referred to the time frame mentioned as being nine days he commented on this being an effective two-day window. He asked if this was two working days. Furthermore he did not think that two working days was fair.
Ms Folscher responded that they would have to consult the PFMA on the adjustment bill and special adjustments. They no longer had supplementary bills and wanted a proper process around adjustment bills.
Ms Fubbs pointed out that there was nothing in the law that precluded that happening in December. She added that it was better not to leave much to chance in terms of the working days. They wanted to a clear rule that this would not happen in December.
Clause 13: Passing of Other Money Bills.
Ms Folscher reported that 13(4)(a) meant that if the Executive planned to introduce the money bill during the year they would have to take account of the Fiscal Framework proposed at the beginning of the year. She added that all the inputs on standing rules would be included. As to the procedure in the House and amendment of powers, these would be issues for further discussion.
Ms Fubbs remarked that this could have a serious impact on the Fiscal Framework in light of all the ring-fencing of funds. For instance, the fuel levy could have an impact and they had not included such a reference.
The Chairperson flagged that issue.
The Chairperson brought the attention of the Committee to the committee progress report on this Bill that would have to be tabled by the 15 August. It was clear that they would not be able to finalize the Bill by the 15th. He asked the Committee how long they would need to finalise the Bill.
Mr Moloto suggested that they would need a maximum of two weeks and there was consensus on that amongst the Committee members. | Bills. The main issue concerned the subject and number of public hearings that would be held – views varied on this matter. The ability of the Portfolio Committee on Finance to amend the schedule of the Appropriations Bill was questioned. DORA already provided a limit on the capacity to raise revenue and that this question depended on the source of the revenue. General comments were that the Committee should not close the door on that possibility but that they should have already dealt with those issues in the budget review and amendments at such a late stage would be destabilizing to any government.
Clause 12 covered the National Adjustments Budget. Questions here concerned the inclusion of the term "transfers" and issues of time frame. Late special adjustments also fed into the issue of inadequate time.
Clause 13 dealt with the passing of other Money Bills which could have a serious impact on the Fiscal Framework in light of the ring-fencing of funds.
There was general consensus that a maximum of two weeks would be sufficient to finalise the Money Bill Amendment Procedure and Related Matters Bill.
Ms Alta Folscher, Drafting Consultant, reported to the Committee on the changes that had been incorporated into the Bill. The last sections of the draft that were mere headings at the previous meeting had now been fleshed out.
Clause 1: Definitions. Only one new definition had been added. This was the definition of "revenue bills". Additionally the preferred definition of Fiscal Framework was now in place. The additional line included estimates of borrowing and revenue which were listed as taxes, levies, duties and surcharges. She proposed that revenue be defined as in the Constitution and that they could discuss it in the revenue bill section.
Clause 4 dealt with Fiscal Responsibility. She reported that the wording was reflective of the option the Committee had chosen at the previous meeting.
She outlined Clause 6: Procedure prior to the introduction of the national budget. These provisions concerned the changes to the process prior to the tabling of the National Budget. They had separated processes into two sections. Sub-section 1 would refer to what the Portfolio Committee would do prior to the tabling of the National Budget. Sub-section 2 concerned processes around the Medium Term Budget Policy Statement (MTBPS), the Fiscal Framework and the Division of Revenue Act (DORA). They start sub-section 1 with a definition of the National Budget as the Public Finance Management Act (PFMA) did not specify Revenue and Expenditure estimates over the medium term. The additional information requirements included financial statements, annual reports and Standing committee on Public Accounts (SCOPA) reports of departments, entities and institutions. The word "oversight' should come out and should just be "other committees" as they had already defined "other committees". There was to be a separate section for the MTBPS, otherwise the second half of Clause 6 remained unchanged.
Clause 7 was an overall section on the tabling of the National Budget. It now provided for the medium term and the long term where applicable. She specifically mentioned the addition of the key macro assumptions in the short, medium and long term. The reference to contingent liabilities would refer to the long term debt situation.
Clause 8 covered the adoption of the Fiscal Framework. The original wording was that the House could "adopt, amend or reject". This would now be changed to read, the House would "consider" as to not make it explicit in the legislation. The process for when the National Assembly approved the Fiscal Framework and the National Council of Provinces rejected it, had been provided for.
Clause 9 had two options on the separation of processes between the National Assembly and the National Council of Provinces – the central processes around adoption of the Division of Revenue Bill. The first kept it as it was. Clauses 10, 11, 12 and 13 were debated in the course of the discussion.
The Chairperson suggested that the Committee discuss the two options and stated that, in his view, Option 2 was much clearer.
Mr Marais agreed on Option 2. He asked if it referred to the whole Division of Revenue Bill with reference to the NCOP and wondered if these were the parts only applicable to provincial structures. Of particular interest was whether this was a Section 75 or 76 Bill.
Ms Folscher responded that it was a Section 76 Bill.
Adv Jenkins commented that constitutionally it could be introduced in the National Council of Provinces (NCOP). He added that attempting to amend the Constitution through a piece of legislation would not hold water.
Mr Moloto remarked that the current procedure was that the National Assembly (NA) would consider a bill first and then the NCOP would consider it second.
The Chairperson agreed that this was the normal practice.
Adv Jenkins noted that Section 76 (1) of the Constitution was quite specific on that issue and apologized for the oversight.
The Chairperson asked the Committee if it was agreed that Option 2 would be accepted.
Ms Folscher added that this could refer to any other member of Cabinet as well as to the different roles of the Portfolio Committees. She also noted that the Portfolio Committee would want the Select Committee to engage with the Appropriations Bill as this did not currently occur. She added that clause 2 would be sufficient.
Ms Fubbs requested an explanation for the use of the word "optional" in sub-clause (1)(b), as she was not sure what would be optional. On clause 6(c), she referred to recurrent and capital expenditure. She asked if they necessarily had to separate recurrent expenditure and expressed the opinion that she did not think this was necessary. Also, she asked what was meant by a 'member of Cabinet' and if this would also refer to a Deputy Minister. Regarding this, she referred to the convention that if there were a need for change, the Deputy Minister would do this in conjunction with the Minister.
She pointed to a reference to documentation being bought before the House and stated that the fiscal framework would no longer be a mere document. She suggested that, as it would be passed in the House, perhaps it should be referred to as a resolution - giving it greater significance than the rest of the documents.
Ms Folscher responded that the word 'optional' could be left as is or tied to the earlier sub-clause. On the estimates used for capital and recurrent or transfer payments, she responded that this was classified separately in the Government Finance Statistics (GFS) system. The issue of the ministers would need to be defined, referring to the other ministers the Appropriations Bill would affect.
The Chairperson stated that it had to be clear whether they were referring to the Cabinet or a member of the Executive.
Ms Folscher agreed that it should be clear that the Fiscal Framework was adopted by resolution.
Adv Jenkins responded that the Deputy Ministers were not members of Cabinet but that they had executive authority with the other members of Cabinet. The Deputy Ministers did not have original constitutional authority. He suggested that they leave it as a 'member of Cabinet' as this was an internal thing, the Executive would have to deal with. He added that if the Minister allowed it, then it must stand.
The Chairperson stated that he wanted them to be very clear about whether the ultimate responsibility would rest with the Minister.
Mr Marais stated that there were instances where lesser portfolios were assigned to Deputy Ministers and that this was tricky. He suggested that perhaps they should leave it at 'member of Cabinet'.
The Chairperson reiterated that they must be explicit if the final responsibility should rest with the Minister and clearly exclude the Deputy Minister.
Ms Fubbs wondered how many legal advisers were under the impression that Deputy Ministers were part of the Executive.
Adv Jenkins responded that the Deputy Ministers had a role in the Constitution, and that was what he had referred to. He clarified that the Cabinet consisted of the President, the Deputy President and all the Ministers excluding Deputy Ministers. He pointed out that it appeared that a Minister could not give a portfolio to a Deputy Minister, however, they could assist with portfolios.
The Chairperson agreed that they should leave it as 'member of Cabinet'.
Mr Singh pointed out that Clause 10 spoke alternatively of the 'Appropriations Committee' and the 'Committee on Appropriations' and asked for clarity on which it would be. He commented on "in view" being used in 10(6)(c)(b) and suggested that perhaps "after" should be used. He asked if there was not a provision in the Constitution for this and should it not be taken into account?
Adv Jenkins responded that they would go for the 'Committee on Appropriations' as this was the parliamentary naming convention.
Ms Folscher responded that the choice for 'Appropriations Committee' was a slightly weaker formulation and as a consequence the suggestion was a stronger formulation.
Mr Singh referred to 10(6)(c), and queried the meaning of "proposed" amendments.
On the same clause, Ms Hogan queried the use of "consult" and asked if it could read "recommends" as it was not clear who had the final say. In 10(6)(a) she pointed that it lacked a clear stipulation of the strategic objectives and allocations. She added that this could not be based purely on the power to amend as it was not talking about allocative efficiency.
The Chairperson suggested that the Committee return to Clause 6, sub-clause (1) as this was covered in that clause.
Ms Folscher replied that she was concerned about the fine line in terms of policy making powers. And suggested that they might want to look at the lower level priorities. One option in 6(1) was to assess the financial and policy performance.
Ms Hogan referred to the other National Assembly committees and asked if they would consider measurable outputs against strategic objectives. She suggested that they include performances assessments.
The Chairperson agreed that performance assessments be included.
Ms Hogan commented that "in view" of performance allowed a broader range.
Mr Marais pointed to 10(6)(c)(b) and asked if the recommendations carried any weight. In other words, would they be obliged to do that. He requested that this be looked at objectively.
Mr Moloto agreed with Mr Marais that they should define under which circumstances they would ask the National Treasury to withhold money and added that this might need to be referred to the Constitution.
Mr Singh pointed to the use of the word "proposed" and stated that it was the House that would eventually decide, not the Appropriations Committee.
Ms Hogan, on an issue of language, asked about when a Committee considered amendments to a Bill, would this then be referred to as proposed amendments or as amendments to the Bill.
Adv Jenkins responded to the question of treasury control and the stopping of funds and commented that in light of Chapter 13 of the Constitution specifically section 216(2) they must comply with the measures and may stop transfers. Parliament could not force the National Treasury. They could only recommend to the National Treasury and the Treasury could then take action or not. As custodians of the PFMA, one could ask that the Treasury take this responsibility seriously - if there was a serious breach of the PFMA.
Ms Folscher suggested that they could ask the Minister of Finance at the tabling of the budget in February to respond to how recommendations of the Committee have been implemented. On the issue of treasury control, she commented that it looked like quite a narrow scope for the National Treasury but with the support of Parliament this provision could become quite strong. Proof of the usefulness of this could be seen in SCOPAs persistent qualifications of certain departments.
Mr Moloto referred to section 216 of the Constitution and stated that the provisions were too narrow and added that the provisions had nothing to do with the system.
The Chairperson suggested that they flag the issue of section 216.
Ms Hogan point out that one of the recommendations the Appropriations Committee could make was to strengthen the hand of the National Treasury through the issue of qualification of frozen funds, pending investigations. This was a matter of making strong statements. She asked what the effective powers to recommend were, that Parliament would want to use.
Ms Fubbs referred to the problem of policy prioritization. She raised the issue that certain priorities in line function were not adequately funded. She suggested that they should have a higher regard for the separation of powers as it was tightly linked to the allocation of funds. She asked if this could be resolved by leaving it at the recommendations arising from the report of the Committee on Appropriations.
She referred to Clause 10(8), the use of the word "must" which specified that the Appropriations Committee must provide reasons for every amendment. She said that it might be a problem sourcing all the necessary information and that they should not set themselves up for failure.
Regarding 10(9), she took the Committee back to 10(6)(e), regarding the Minister or affected member of Cabinet. She questioned the use of the term "adequately" in relation to the use of "empower". She wanted to know what was meant here. Was this training capacity or authority on who amends: the Committee or the House?
Adv Jenkins responded that the wording of the Constitution used amendments and proposed amendments in terms of what Houses may do. This was found in the Section 75 and 76 legislation and spoke specifically of committees reporting amendments to the House.
Ms Hogan remarked that she preferred that formulation as it could be untidy otherwise.
On the Appropriations Committee and amendments to the House on the vote, she suggested that there also be debates in the Portfolio Committees as they each have to produce a budget report that has to be tabled prior to the National Assembly debate session on the relevant budget vote. They should try to sort out what gets debated in the House for when the Appropriations Committee reports to the House.
Next, she queried the role of opposition political parties and commented that it seemed that the Chairperson drove the process very much. She asked if the NA would be open for further amendments to be tabled.
Ms Fubbs pointed to the current situation where the Portfolio Committee would actually focus on policy aspects and then report to Parliament and asked if this would not only talk to policy priorities but would go beyond the issue of the allocation of funds. On the issue of separation, she suggested that the Appropriations Committee did not report on policy. She was sure that they did not need to be bound by international practice generally.
Ms Hogan suggested that the Portfolio Committees would be obliged to report on the budget and the department's annual report, with a view to influencing the budget coming in February and allow the National Treasury to be aware of the issues that were of concern to Parliament. The Portfolio Committees could then have discussions and hearings to engage with the Appropriations Committee.
Ms Hogan asked what would happen in the House regarding the Portfolio Committees and opposition political parties.
Mr Singh discussed the United States congressional budget office. He highlighted that the CBO reports contained no policy recommendations and emphasized the impartiality in the CBO. There was no political debate and he did not see any reason why this should be disputed.
Mr Moloto agreed, adding that this was complex and needed discussion.
Ms Mokoto commented on the amending powers of the legislature. She stated that the Constitution and the PFMA provisions on interventions had limits. She said that there was a vacuum at national level due to the narrow approach of the Constitution.
Ms Hogan commented on the tabling of documents wondered if this was a reference to the Appropriations Bill.
Ms Folscher responded that the Appropriations Bill was the main document specified in the Bill and that others could be added.
Ms Hogan queried the role of opposition parties in relation to the role of the portfolio committees and the opportunities for representation on the Appropriations Committee. She said that the budget was the flagship of a government and suggested that the leaders of opposition parties table it 'contrary' budget. She added that surely the composite report tabled by the Appropriations Committee would be comprehensive as Parliament's statement on the budget. Opposition parties should be able to respond to the report and have a public moment to state their views on the report.
The Chairperson pointed out that there were 13 opposition parties and suggested that this was a matter for the Rules Committee.
Ms Folscher presented the draft proposals on the new sections, beginning with the passing of Revenue Bills. She commented that whether attached to the budget or not, all revenue bills would fall under this section.
Ms Fubbs referred to 11(4) on the public hearings. She asked if there would be two sets of hearings as this was not very clear.
Mr Singh also referred to 11(4) and the use of the word 'rules' and asked if this should not state 'standing rules'.
Ms Folscher responded that the hearings issue would be up to the Committee. She would think that there should be one. The Portfolio Committee would have to discuss this.
Mr Asiya also referring to the public hearings, and time constraints, suggested the public hearings be only on the draft and if the Committees required more, they could arrange for that.
Ms Hogan asked why they would have to have hearings on the draft and suggested that the hearings should be on the bill.
Ms Fubbs responded that in the past, many public hearings where necessary as Parliament did not have the powers they were now seeking and suggested that the public hearings be held on the bill and possible amendments.
Ms Mokoto responded that they should retain it as public hearings on the draft to solicit views and final outcomes.
Mr Singh did not know if they could leave it at the draft. In his view it should stay as public hearings on the draft revenue bills and that everything after revenue bills be deleted.
Ms Fubbs said that the only reason it was a draft in the past was that they did not have the power to amend money bills. Once the bill was tabled, Parliament would be able to make proposals on allocation priorities and make proposals for amendments, subject to public hearings, thereby giving everyone a bite at the cherry.
Mr Swart agreed that everything after revenue bills be deleted.
Adv Jenkins responded that the Constitution guaranteed effective public participation. He would go with the option of having public hearings on the bill.
Mr Asiya responded that if you legislate the amendments, you would open up the Constitution for litigation.
The Chairperson suggested that they have hearings on the bill and if amendments came forth, they would have hearings on them as well. He asked the Committee if they agreed.
Ms Mokoto stated that for the purposes of consistency, they should go with what Ms Folscher suggested.
The Chairperson asked if the Committee was an agreement.
Adv Jenkins responded that they were trying to get rid of surprises in the language and should indicate what happened later on. They should be clear about what they want and whether they would make amendments without public hearings.
Ms Hogan pointed to the additional amendments of the Minister of Finance and asked why they should have a second round of hearings on the amendments, bearing in mind that it was a tax schedule.
Ms Fubbs suggested that they have one set of hearings.
Mr Moloto referred to the revenue laws being tabled and asked if the Committee could amend this schedule of the Appropriations Bill. For example, could they cut company tax by 2%.
Ms Folscher wanted to check if the thinking was correct on procedure. As it stood, Parliament could make those amendments. It was required by the fiscal framework that they ensure an appropriate balance and consider the Fiscal Responsibility clause as to the impact on the tax base. She asked if they wanted to make it more onerous for the Committee to amend.
Mr Mnguni pointed to the fact that adjusting the Appropriations Bill would have an impact on the Fiscal Responsibility clause.
Ms Fubbs commented on the need for the Executive not to have a monopoly on what they perceive as the right configuration of the Revenue Laws. She commented that the time would come when Parliament had the expertise and resources to be able to reconfigure the Revenue Laws and she questioned whether they should have that power.
Ms Folscher responded that the Committee had indicated that the Fiscal Framework was adequate for passing the Budget Bill. However, it had not indicated if it was adequate for passing other types of money bills.
Mr Moloto remarked that he had the impression that the Fiscal Responsibility clause would apply to the whole Bill but that he was not sure on the revenue side, as this might be open. He referred to the example of perhaps wanting to reduce VAT, that those types of changes could not be made willy nilly as they had many implications. He was not sure that onerous processes need to be put into place on the revenue side.
Mr Asiya referred to the German system and asked if they would have the resources to persuade the National Treasury to decrease VAT and increase company tax and said that this went back to the point about Committee resources.
Mr Marais commented that if one followed the rules of the Fiscal Responsibility clause, everything referred to had already been provided for there. Thus they should not try to reinvent the wheel.
Mr Mnguni responded that when they were legislating now, they were trying to influence the outcomes and the Fiscal Responsibility clause placed limits on how far to go in changing policy.
Ms Hogan responded that once the DORA had been passed that was final and they could not then start raising revenue. In other words, they were already limited by DORA. She referred to the instance where the income tax schedule was amended early in the sitting and added that whenever the income tax schedule was tabled, the National Treasury would be careful to highlight the impact. Parliament had been helpful in raising these issues in the past. She agreed with her colleagues that DORA limited their ability to tinker with the figures. They should not be too panicked about amending the tax schedule and needed the Minister of Finance to comment on whether a more onerous procedure was needed.
Ms Folscher, on the projections of revenue, commented that SARS did consult with the National Treasury on the revenue figures but do not release that information. This was a significant benefit to the Executive due to this access. She inquired as to whether Parliament would want similar access.
Dr George responded that that depended on the source of the revenue and they would have to bear in mind the source of the revenue, when making amendments.
Ms Fubbs queried if that was not what was meant by amendment, with reference to the income tax schedule and VAT. In trying to put forward an amendment of the money bill, they were trying to open the door to revenue laws in a responsible manner. It would be disadvantageous to take that power away from themselves. Thus, it was her proposal that they not close the door but recognise that they did not, at the present time have the resources. They could possibly have a review of this in four years. There would come a time when an appropriate revenue bill would not be on the table but Parliament would have locked itself out.
Mr Singh responded by asking if they were not straight-jacketing themselves by looking only at passing money bills. He asked if the Portfolio Committee had a responsibility for how revenue was sourced in the outer years. He commented that this was a work in progress for the Portfolio Committee. They must not shut Parliament out of bills.
Mr Moloto remarked that the Fiscal Responsibility clause, as a guide, may not be sufficient. In view of (2)(a), (b) and (c) of Clause 12, perhaps they should have a sub-clause (d) which would stipulate that they must consider the long-term macro economic implications when amending revenue laws and its impact on the different classes of taxpayers.
Ms Hogan stated that she followed Mr Singh's view that they would already have fought through those issues in the budget review and that trying to bring in many amendments as late as February would be destabilizing for any government. They were not trying to create another budget.
She referred to the relationship the revenue laws set up with the company tax, income tax and VAT for the individual citizen, the companies, and various income groups. That would be the heart of the debate. She asked if there was not an opportunity for the Portfolio Committee on Finance to have a hearing on the income tax schedule.
Ms Folscher responded that the draft income schedule was only finalized after the December numbers were in. There was a longstanding requirement for secrecy, so as not to influence the markets with the information. The schedule came into effect upon announcement. She stated that they would look into the new policy by way of Parliament making its wishes known before the income tax schedule was tabled in October to link with the MTBPS process.
Ms Hogan responded that in effect, DORA did that. She commented that one also included borrowing – it was not just tax.
Mr Moloto responded that Ms Folscher's proposal would help a lot as DORA put a ceiling on the allocations.
The Chairperson remarked that aspects of the Fiscal Responsibility clause did not allow for this.
Mr Moloto responded that DORA was adequate for expenditure but for the revenue side the Fiscal Framework could assist in closing that ceiling.
Ms Fubbs commented that they were talking about policy configurations and that would adequately cover them.
Mr Marais asked if this was purely a discussion or would there be income tax schedule policy consultations.
On the expanded section of the National Adjustments Budget a more fleshed out version was presented. Of particular interest was Clause 12(8)(b) and on this they | 5,214 |
\section{Introduction}
Understanding how stars form in galaxies is fundamentally one of the
central questions in galactic and extragalactic astronomy,
since star formation (SF) plays an integral part of the formation and evolution of galaxies.
Studies of the so-called SF law, which relates the SF rate
(SFR) to the density of the gas from which the stars form, have proven
to be a fruitful way of approaching this problem (e.g.,
Kennicutt 1998, hereafter K98).
Schmidt (1959) first introduced the notion of a general SF law
by suggesting that the SFR volume density ($\rho_{\rm {SFR}}$) varies with
the interstellar gas volume density ($\rho_{\rm {gas}}$) to the power n,
i.e. $\rho _ {\rm {SFR}} \propto \rho _ {\rm {gas}} ^ {n}$, where $n \sim 2$.
Under the assumption of a constant scale-height for the star-forming gas,
this relation translates directly into an equivalent expression for
the SFR and gas surface densities:
$\Sigma _ {\rm {SFR}} \propto \Sigma _ {\rm {gas}} ^ {N}$.
K98 studied the global SF law in log surface densities space and found that
a power-law index of $N \sim 1.4 \pm 0.2$ provided a surprisingly tight parameterization of the data.
These studies of the Kennicutt-Schmidt SF law (KS law)
were among the first to highlight the importance of the gas density in regulating the SFR in star-forming galaxies,
including luminous and ultraluminous infrared (IR) galaxies (hereafter (U)LIRGs, $L_{IR}\geq 10^{11}L_\odot$, Sanders \& Mirabel 1996).
A critical aspect of better determining the SF law is to accurately measure the physical area of a galaxy disk that is actively forming stars.
In K98, where a total of more than 90 local galaxies were studied -- including 61 normal spiral disk galaxies,
and 36 IR-selected starburst galaxies (normal star-forming galaxies with circumnuclear IR starbursts and (U)LIRGs) --
the sizes used to normalize the total SFR and gas masses for the subset of normal galaxies
were determined from optical images, while the sizes of IR starbursts were determined from CO or IR maps.
Furthermore, different SFR estimators were employed by K98 in deriving the SFR of the various sub-samples.
For normal galaxies, the SFR was derived from the H${\alpha}$ data, whereas
for IR-starburst galaxies,
the SFR was derived from their far-IR luminosities.
In the work presented here, we attempt to establish the SF law based on
the exact same observables for our entire galaxy sample.
In particular, for every galaxy in our sample, we use high-resolution
radio continuum (RC) maps to infer its star-forming disk size,
and derive its SFR from both RC and IR luminosities.
The RC emission at 1.4GHz is an excellent tracer of SFR,
with the well-known far-IR-radio correlation being astonishingly tight, having only $\sim 0.3$ dex scatter
over five orders of magnitude in luminosity (Condon et al. 1991; Yun et al. 2001; Murphy et al. 2006a).
Recent spatially resolved measurements also show that
this linear correlation is arguably valid locally within galaxy
disks, down to $\sim1$ kpc or even sub-kpc scales (Murphy et al. 2006a, b, 2008).
We therefore expect our radio-inferred galaxy sizes to accurately match the
star-forming regions in our galaxies.
In starburst galaxies in particular, we expect the RC maps to give
more truthful pictures of the extent of the star-forming region
than the mixture of CO or IR maps (K98, both in many cases suffer
from the limited sensitivity and resolution), since the latter may trace
diffuse gas that is not actively forming stars (Bothwell et al. 2010; Rujopakarn et al. 2011).
The RC emission, on the other hand, probes synchrotron radiation from
supernovae remnants and thermal emission from HII regions,
both of which have short-lived massive stars as progenitors, and is therefore likely to be a better tracer of the current SFR
and its spatial extent of star-forming regions in galaxies.
Millimeter and far-IR observations of molecular clouds in our Galaxy have shown that stars form in dense cores,
and that massive stars form almost exclusively in clumps/clusters of massive dense cores (Evans 1999, 2008; Wu et al. 2010).
The dense gas ($n > 10^4 {\rm cm}^{-3}$) residing in these cores is best traced by molecules
with a high-dipole moment requiring high critical densities, such as HCN and CS.
In fact, Gao \& Solomon (2004a, b, hereafter, GS04a, b) carried out
one of the first systematic HCN surveys of a large local galaxy sample and
found a tight linear correlation between the IR and HCN luminosities spanning three orders of magnitude.
More recent studies, targeting not just HCN but also other high-density gas
tracers (e.g. {\rm HCO$^{+}$}, HNC, CN and CS) in local galaxies,
also find molecular line luminosities linearly increasing with
${\rm L_{IR}}$ (Baan et al. 2008; Krips et al. 2008; Juneau et al. 2009;
Matsushita et al. 2010).
Liu \& Gao (2010) further showed that RC and HCN correlate nearly
equally as well as that of the IR and HCN correlation (GS04a, b).
Therefore, we use the uniformly calibrated SFR and
the consistently derived well-matched galaxy size measurements from the radio maps in all
star-forming galaxies to present an analysis of the dense gas SF law
based on HCN observations in addition to the
traditional KS law of total gas in this paper. Using both samples of
K98 and GS04b, we scale both the total gas and dense
molecular gas masses using the measured RC sizes to study the SF
law in terms of dense molecular gas (${\rm \Sigma_{SFR}}$ versus
${\rm \Sigma _{dense}}$) as well as the traditional KS law in terms
of the total gas mass. Further details in comparing the surface SFR with
surface densities of the total gas, molecular gas and dense molecular
gas to derive the various forms of the SF law, the comparison among
them, and various related issues will be discussed with an even larger
sample of galaxies in a
future paper (Liu, Gao \& Greve 2011, in preparation).
\section{Sample and Data}
Our sample includes all galaxies from both K98 and GS04b, totaling
130 galaxies with IR luminosities spanning 3 orders of
magnitude (${\rm 10^9 - 10^{12} L_\odot}$), of which 39 are (U)LIRGs.
The resulting sample is one of the largest samples of local star-forming galaxies with HI, CO and RC measurements available.
Furthermore, HCN measurements are available for about half of our sample sources. The distances of these galaxies come from
the on-line CDS data base. We adopt a Hubble constant of $H_0 = 73~{\rm km~s^{-1}~Mpc^{-2}}$.
Normal disk galaxies of K98 were mainly selected from the FCRAO CO
survey (Young et al. 1989, 1995) and CO survey of Sage (1993) with published HI maps and H$\alpha$ photometry at that time.
We derive the total atomic gas mass mainly from the HyperLeda homogenized HI catalogue (Paturel et al. 2003),
supplemented by some other individual measurements. CO data are gathered from single-dish
maps/observations of galaxies (e.g., Kuno et al. 2007;
Chung et al. 2009). Most of our HCN data come
from the systematic survey of GS04a, with a few from sparse
sampling of the other papers (Baan et al. 2008; Krips et al. 2008;
Graci\'a-Carpio et al. 2008a; Juneau et al. 2009).
We derived the SFR from both RC and IR luminosities with the calibrations from Bell (2003).
The IR (${\rm 8 -1000~\mu m}$) luminosities are calculated using the fluxes in all four IRAS bands
which are taken mainly from Sanders et al. (2003).
Integrated 1.4GHz RC fluxes were taken mainly from the systematic
NRAO VLA sky survey (NVSS, Condon et al. 1998; Condon et al. 2002).
The 20cm RC images are used to measure the
physical sizes of all galaxies. They are defined as the de-convolved
FWHM of the fitted Gaussian ellipticals. For some galaxies without
suitable radio maps from literature, we reduced the NRAO VLA archival data
and made the RC maps by ourselves. More details can be found
in Liu (2011) and will be
given in a future paper (Liu et al. 2011, in prep.).
\section{Results and Analysis}
As mentioned above, the SFR was derived in two independent ways using the RC and IR data.
Excellent agreement was found between the two SFR estimators, and using
one over the other, therefore, did not alter our results in any
significant way (Liu et al., in prep.).
For the remainder of this paper we only adopt the IR-based SFR.
\subsection{${\rm \Sigma_{SFR}}$ versus $\Sigma$gas}
Figure 1a shows the relationship between $\Sigma$gas and ${\rm \Sigma_{SFR}}$,
where the Galactic CO-to-${\rm H_2}$ conversion factor of $4.6~{\rm M_\odot~ (K~Km/s~pc^2)^{-1}}$
(e.g. Solomon et al. 1987) has been used to infer ${\rm H_2}$ mass for
the entire sample.
A strong correlation between total gas and SFR surface densities is found with
a least squares best fitting slope of ${\rm N=1.45 \pm 0.02}$,
which is in excellent agreement with the slope (${\rm N =1.4 \pm 0.15}$) found by K98.
However, we find the slope is nearly one for normal disk spirals and
changes from 1 to 1.5 depending upon how many (U)LIRGs are included
in the total sample of galaxies (similar to Fig. 7 in GS04b).
A likely caveat of the above findings, however, is introduced by the mismatch between the spatial scales
of the HI, CO, IR (SFR) and RC emission.
HI data are from single-dish measurements, encompassing mostly the
entire HI gas reservoir,
which is often found to extend well beyond the optical (and star-forming) sizes of galaxies (e.g. Garc{\'{\i}}a-Ruiz et al. 2002).
In particular, it is true that significantly extended HI gas is
distributed well beyond the molecular disk for normal spiral galaxies
(often
comparable in mass to H$_2$ or even dominant in total gas), whereas
the bulk of the total gas is in molecular form for most (U)LIRGs
with most of HI in tidal debris.
In contrast, the star-forming areas derived from high-resolution RC measurements, which are used to infer the gas and SFR surface densities,
will necessarily be significantly smaller than the area probed by the HI observations for galaxies, particularly for (U)LIRGs.
\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.85\textwidth]{KSL_Err1}
\caption{ {\footnotesize The correlations between ${\rm \Sigma_{SFR}}$ and ${\rm \Sigma_{gas}}$, with normal disks,
star-forming galaxies with circumnuclear starbursts (starbursts) and (U)LIRGs shown in black, blue and red symbols, respectively.
(a) With the same $\alpha_{\rm CO}$ ($\sim 4.6$) for all galaxies,
a slope of ${\rm N=1.45 \pm 0.02}$ is derived.
(b) The ranges of total gas surface densities are shown as the
gas surface densities plotted in (a) are strictly-speaking upper limits (see text).
The dashed, dotted and solid lines are least squares fits to the lower and upper limits and average values [${\rm (Log\Sigma_{H2}+Log\Sigma_{gas}})/2$], with slopes of $1.19\pm0.03$, $1.45\pm0.02$ and $1.36\pm0.02$, respectively.
(c) With different conversion factors for (U)LIRGs
[$\alpha_{\rm CO} \sim 0.8$ as compared to $\alpha_{\rm CO} \sim 4.6$ used
in (a)], the fitting lines for normal disks and (U)LIRGs have slopes of $1.17\pm0.05$ and $1.35\pm0.06$, respectively.
(d) Different $\alpha_{\rm CO}$ and the ranges of total gas densities.
The dotted, dashed and solid lines are least squares fits to the lower and upper limits and
average values of gas surface densities, respectively yielding slopes of
$0.97\pm0.05$, $1.17\pm0.05$ and $1.13\pm0.05$ for normal galaxies and
$1.26\pm0.04$, $1.35\pm0.06$ and $1.32\pm0.04$ for (U)LIRGs. Fitting the entire sample can lead to a slope as high as $\sim 1.8$.} }
\end{figure}
As a result, by scaling the global HI mass with our measured radio
disk sizes,
we will very likely overestimate the disk-averaged atomic (and thus the total) gas surface densities,
and these should therefore be better regarded as the upper limits.
At the same time, the ${\rm H_2}$ surface densities can be regarded as strictly the lower limits on the total gas surface densities
(provided, of course, that the CO-to-${\rm H_2}$ conversion factor applied is appropriate).
In Figure 1b, we have, for each galaxy, indicated the possible ranges of the total gas surface densities,
with ${\rm \Sigma_{H2}}$ as the lower limits and ${\rm \Sigma_{gas}}$ calculated from the sum of the global HI measurements and ${\rm H_2}$ as the upper limits.
Separate least squares fits to these lower and upper limits yield slopes
of $1.19\pm0.03$ and $1.45\pm0.02$, respectively.
Using the average value of these limits
[${\rm (Log\Sigma_{H2}+Log\Sigma_{gas}})/2$],
we obtain a slope of $1.36\pm0.02$.
One can see that normal galaxies in our sample exhibit significantly larger ranges in ${\rm \Sigma_{gas}}$
than the (U)LIRGs, in line with our previous statement that normal galaxies tend to have much larger HI fractions.
In fact, in many of the low luminosity galaxies, the atomic gas content can dominate the total gas mass,
while for (U)LIRGs, the atomic gas is much smaller,
and often negligible, compared with the molecular gas content.
The higher fraction of atomic gas in low luminosity galaxies is probably
part of the reason why the KS law of total gas has a higher slope ($\sim1.45$) than
the KS law in terms of molecular gas ($\sim 1.19$).
Another thorny issue is the CO-to-${\rm H_2}$ conversion factor
used in deriving molecular gas masses.
K98 used the same Galactic value ($ \alpha_{CO}=4.6~{\rm M_{\odot}~(K~km~s^{-1}~pc^2)^{-1}}$)
for all objects in his sample, as indeed what we have adopted above.
However, CO studies of (U)LIRGs, both near and far, strongly argue in favor
of a substantially smaller conversion factor for (U)LIRGs, by
about a factor of 6 (Solomon et al. 1997; Downes \& Solomon 1998;
Solomon \& Vanden Bout 2005; Bouch${\rm \acute{e}}$ et al. 2007).
In galaxy mergers, the physical properties of the molecular gas are strongly affected by the extreme environments.
The rise in velocity dispersion and kinetic temperature in GMCs during the merger increases the CO intensity,
and lowers the observed $\alpha co$ from the Galactic value by a typical factor of $\sim 2-10$ (Narayanan et al. 2011).
In the following, we discuss the effects of using these different
CO-to-${\rm H_2}$ conversion factors on the SF laws.
In Figure 1c, we have used the more appropriate conversion factor of
0.8 $M_\odot~ {\rm (K~Km/s~pc^2)^{-1}}$ for (U)LIRGs
(but maintained the Galactic value for normal galaxies).
As a result, normal galaxies and (U)LIRGs split up into
two distinct ${\rm \Sigma_{SFR}}$ versus ${\rm \Sigma_{gas}}$ relations
as compared to Fig. 1a.
Fitting to normal galaxies and (U)LIRGs separately yields slopes of $1.17\pm0.05$ and $1.35\pm0.06$, respectively.
As before, considering that the gas surface densities here are merely
upper limits,
we show in Figure 1d the ranges of total gas densities with
different $\alpha_{CO}$.
The dotted, dashed and solid lines are least squares fits to the lower and upper limits and
average values [${\rm (Log\Sigma_{H2}+Log\Sigma_{gas}})/2$] of gas surface densities, respectively, for each sub-sample.
For the normal galaxies, fits to the lower and upper limits and average values yield
$0.97\pm0.05$, $1.17\pm0.05$ and $1.13\pm0.05$, respectively.
While for (U)LIRGs, the same fits yield slopes of $1.26\pm0.04$, $1.35\pm0.06$ and $1.32\pm0.04$, respectively. Fitting the entire
sample of both normal galaxies
and (U)LIRGs can lead to a slope as high as $\sim 1.8$.
The two different ${\rm \Sigma_{SFR}}$ -- ${\rm \Sigma_{gas}}$ relations found in this manner, one for normal galaxies
and one for (U)LIRGs, appear to be same to the bi-modal relations recently found from high-z CO observations where two different CO-to-${\rm H_2}$ conversion factors, same as here, were used
(Daddi et al. 2010; Genzel et al. 2010; Ivison et al. 2011).
In this picture, both local and high-z (U)LIRGs have $\sim 1<|fim_middle|> upon how many (U)LIRGs are in the sample.
The SF law shows the same bi-modal relations
claimed recently in high redshift CO observations,
suggesting the two different SF regimes also exist in the local universe.
This is particularly true when a different CO-to-${\rm H_2}$ conversion factor is used for (U)LIRGs, leading to even higher SF efficiency
in (U)LIRGs.
Dense molecular gas surface density shows the best correlation with SFR surface density,
which is exactly linear with index $N=1.03 \pm 0.02$.
Fitting the normal galaxies and (U)LIRGs separately yields the same linear slope,
which suggests the SF efficiency of dense molecular gas is the same in all types of galaxies, regardless of galaxy luminosity.
This tight relation can be explained if the basic units of SF in galaxies are in dense cores.
\section*{Acknowledgments}
We are grateful to Dr. Thomas R.\ Greve for
his constructive suggestions and advices. This work was supported by
the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.
10833006 and 10621303),
and the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2007CB815406).
This research had made use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database and NRAO Science Data Archive.
| 0$ times
higher ${\rm \Sigma_{SFR}}$ at fixed gas density
compared to normal disk galaxies (both local and at high-z).
The slope for (U)LIRGs is also steeper than for normal galaxies,
which suggests that the SF efficiency is higher in (U)LIRGs
than in normal spirals.
\subsection{${\rm \Sigma_{SFR}}$ versus ${\rm \Sigma _{dense}}$}
We normalize the SFR and dense molecular gas mass using measured radio
sizes to study the SF law in terms of dense molecular gas.
\begin{figure}
\small
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.85\textwidth]{SFR_dense.ps}
\caption{ {\footnotesize ${\rm \Sigma_{SFR}}$ vs. ${\rm \Sigma _{dense}}$ for all galaxies in the sample (open squares for normal disks, open triangles for normal starburst galaxies and solid triangles for (U)LIRGs). The relation is linear, with power law index $N=1.03 \pm 0.02$ and correlation coefficient 0.98.} }
\end{figure}
Figure 2 presents the derived ${\rm \Sigma _{dense}}$ and ${\rm \Sigma_{SFR}}$ for the 64 galaxies with HCN measurements,
and a very tight correlation spanning more than 5 orders of magnitude in ${\rm \Sigma _{dense}}$
(the correlation coefficient C=0.98) is found.
The dispersion in the relation is much smaller compared to those in Fig. 1, having about 50\% less
scatter in surface SFR density at a fixed surface dense molecular gas density.
A least squares fit to the data results in a power index $N=1.03 \pm 0.02$:
\begin{equation}
{\rm \log \Sigma_{SFR} = (1.03 \pm 0.02) \log{\Sigma_{dense}} + (-1.90 \pm 0.07)}
\end{equation}
Therefore, the SF law in terms of dense molecular gas has a power-law index of exactly 1.0, in agreement with the tight linear relation
between ${\rm L_{IR}}$ and ${\rm L_{HCN}}$ (GS04a,b).
Scaling the dense molecular gas mass and SFR by our measured RC disk
sizes does not
change the slope of the ${\rm L_{IR}}$-${\rm L_{HCN}}$ correlation
since this relation is essentially exactly linear.
Graci\'a-Carpio et al. (2008b) suggested a two-function power law in terms of dense molecular gas and SFR densities,
which claimed a slightly higher slope in (U)LIRGs than in normal galaxies.
We also fit the normal galaxies and (U)LIRGs separately and find that there is no significant difference in the slope.
It turns out that both the power indexes are close to unity: 0.96 $\pm$ 0.05 for normal galaxies and 1.01 $\pm$ 0.03 for (U)LIRGs.
Therefore, the tight linear correlation between ${\rm \Sigma _{dense}}$
and ${\rm \Sigma_{SFR}}$
is established within the whole sample of galaxies, independent of IR luminosity.
This linear SF law in terms of dense molecular gas (Fig. 2) is drastically different from the usual KS law in terms of total
gas since there are no unique slopes in the fits and the fitted
slopes change according to the sample (Fig. 1).
\section{Discussion}
Figs. 1 and 2 show very strong correlations between
the gas and SFR surface densities, which suggests that gas density
(most importantly, the dense gas) plays an important role in
regulating the SF in galaxies.
Although a power-law slope of $1.45 \pm 0.02$ is found for the entire sample in Fig. 1 --
the usual KS law in terms of total
gas, the slopes change from nearly linear
for normal spirals to 1.5 when starbursts and (U)LIRGs are included.
The slope of $N \sim 1.5$ is expected for self-gravitating gas disks,
where the SFR scales as the ratio of the gas density ($\rho$) to the
free-fall time scale ($\tau_{ff} \propto \rho^{-0.5}$) (Elmegreen 2002; Kennicutt et al. 2007).
K98 divided the sample into normal spiral disk galaxies and IR-selected starburst galaxies,
with the latter including both normal star-forming disk galaxies with
circumnuclear starbursts and (U)LIRGs. However, at least five same spiral disk galaxies
(NGC 2903, 4736, 5194, 5236, 6946) are in both sub-samples of
normal spiral disk galaxies and IR-selected starburst galaxies
in K98, and
certainly quite a few more starburst galaxies could easily be
attributed to normal spirals as well (such as NGC 891).
The problem here is that this definition would affect the
adopted ways to derive the SFR and size of a galaxy, and thus, would affect
the final fitting results of the SF law,
since K98 used different ways to derive the SFR and galaxy sizes for
these two sub-samples.
The differences in the galaxy size measurements directly affect the
derived surface SFR and gas surface densities. This is particularly true
for the dust-obscured starbursts and (U)LIRGs, where optical sizes may not
reflect the regions of active SF. Instead, interferometric CO maps have been used
for some starbursts and (U)LIRGs, yet these are often limited in spatial extent
and sensitivity (due to poor uv coverage and limited integration time).
As a result, they may not accurately trace the sizes of active SF either.
The strategy adopted here is to use the sensitive high-resolution 1.4\,GHz RC maps
to infer the sizes of the star-forming areas in galaxies. The philosophy behind is that RC emission is a well-known tracer of SF activity
(Condon et al. 1991; Yun et al. 2001; Murphy et al. 2006a, b).
Comparing our measured radio sizes
with CO sizes from the literature for most of the starburst sample,
we find good agreement between the two size estimators.
This confirms the findings of other studies
of local (U)LIRGs, where the radio emission has also been found to mimic that of CO emission
(Downes \& Solomon 1998; Tacconi et al. 1999; Iono et al. 2007; Bouche et al. 2007).
It seems, therefore, that for starbursts and (U)LIRGs at least, we can confidently
use the radio size as a tracer of the global distribution of SF and molecular gas.
Optical sizes of galaxies are also compared with radio sizes in this work.
For the normal galaxies, we find that the ratios of
optical sizes to radio sizes show relatively small scatter, and they are
in a range of 2--5, with an average ratio of $\sim 3.3$.
The ratios for those normal active galaxies which are known to contain
an AGN are, not surprisingly, somewhat higher,
but the difference is still marginal since the average ratio is
$\sim 4.1$.
Thus, normalizing the SFRs and molecular gas masses of the normal galaxies
with optical sizes (cd. K98) would tend to underestimate the
surface densities, possibly by an order of magnitude, compared to the
normalization inferred from the radio sizes. This size difference might
help us better understand the major contributing factors to the poor
correlations found in normal spirals (Figs. 2 and 4 in K98).
In addition, we find that the KS law for (U)LIRGs does not only exhibit
a smaller scatter ($\rm \sim 0.31~dex$ vs. 0.48~dex for entire sample),
but also has a higher slope than the
case for the normal galaxies. In fact, the slope changes from $\sim 1.0$ to $\sim 1.8$ with different conversion factors
when more and more (U)LIRGs are included.
This may imply a density-dependent SF efficiency of gas,
i.e., the higher the density, the higher SF efficiency.
A similar trend was also pointed out by GS04b, who studied
the global IR-CO luminosity correlation of local (U)LIRGs.
Studies of high-$z$ galaxies indicate a similar behavior
(Bouch${\rm \acute{e}}$ et al. 2007; Daddi et al. 2010; Bothwell et al. 2010).
With a smaller conversion factor for the (U)LIRGs,
an even higher slope in KS law is expected.
The SF efficiency of these (U)LIRGs will be even higher given the smaller
molecular gas masses.
The bi-modal relation in KS law, more obviously shown with different conversion factors in the local
sample of galaxies, is similar to those recently claimed
in high redshift CO observations (Daddi et al. 2010; Genzel et al. 2010).
One can easily see (Fig. 1c, d) that the two different SF
regimes suggested by the high redshift works also exist in the local universe:
a long-lasting mode for normal disks and a more rapid mode for
starbursts/(U)LIRGs.
Considering the atomic gas mass is derived from global HI measurements,
we then have, for each galaxy, indicated the possible range of its
total gas surface density,
with ${\rm \Sigma_{H2}}$ as the lower limit and ${\rm \Sigma_{gas}}$ calculated
from global HI measurements as the upper limit.
We find that normal galaxies in our sample exhibit significantly larger ranges in ${\rm \Sigma_{gas}}$
than the (U)LIRGs. This is consistent with the fact that normal galaxies tend to have larger HI fractions than (U)LIRGs. Nevertheless, the changes
in various fit slopes from these
limits are small, and the slope changes more dramatically when the sample of galaxies
changes by the inclusion of more and more (U)LIRGs.
In contrast to the total gas, the surface SF efficiency of dense molecular gas
(${\rm \Sigma_{SFR}}$/${\rm \Sigma _{dense}}$) is constant in all galaxies
regardless of the galaxy luminosity. ${\rm \Sigma _{dense}}$ shows the best
relation with ${\rm \Sigma_{SFR}}$, which is linear with index $N=1.03
\pm 0.02$. Fitting the normal galaxies and (U)LIRGs separately yields the same
linear slope, and the scatter is also much smaller ($\sim 0.26$~dex). Therefore, the SF law relating to the dense gas is not only
linear and much tighter, as compared to the usual KS law relating to the
total gas, it is also seemingly universal across
galaxy types. This is consistent with the linear
$\rm L_{IR} - L_{HCN}$ correlation amongst local normal galaxies and
(U)LIRGs (GS04b) and almost linear correlation even in high-z galaxies (Gao et al. 2007).
An HCN survey of Galactic dense cores by Wu et al.\ (2005) extended this linear
luminosity correlation down to much smaller scales. Both GS04b and Wu et al.\
(2005) explain this tight, linear luminosity relation in terms of the dense
cores being the basic units of SF in galaxies. In this scenario,
${\rm \Sigma _{dense}}$ merely reflects how many such dense cores exist on
average per unit area in a galaxy, in which case a linear correlation between
${\rm \Sigma_{SFR}}$ and ${\rm \Sigma _{dense}}$ on global galaxy scale
naturally arises. Hence this tight linear relation has little or no dependence
upon the galaxy luminosity.
\section{SUMMARY}
We have re-examined the global star formation (SF) law -- the relation between
the galaxy-averaged surface densities of the gas (HI and ${\rm H_2}$) and SF rate (SFR)
in a sample of 130 local galaxies with IR luminosities spanning three orders of magnitude (${\rm 10^9 -10^{12} L_\odot}$),
which includes 91 normal spiral galaxies and 39 (U)LIRGs.
Unlike previous studies, which have used optical, IR or CO observations to
infer the galaxy sizes of star-forming areas, we have taken a novel
approach and used high-resolution radio continuum observations to uniformly
measure the radio sizes for all galaxies in the sample. Accurate size
determination of the area of active SF within the galaxies is a key step, as it
directly affects the inferred surface densities for gas and SFR.
We recover the KS law between total gas and SFR surface densities, finding a slope of $1.45 \pm 0.02$.
The (U)LIRG population, however, appear to show a tighter and steeper relation than normal galaxies,
which implies a density-dependent SF efficiency of total gas.
In fact, we find the slope of the SF law changes from 1.0 to 1.5
depending | 3,043 |
The Max Planck Advanced Study Group (ASG) at the Center for Free Electron Laser Science (CFEL) has designed the CFEL-ASG MultiPurpose (CAMP) instrument, which provides a unique combination of particle and photon detectors for experiments at 4<sup>th</sup> generation light sources. In particular, CAMP includes two sets of newly developed 1024 × 1024 pixel pnCCD imaging detector systems. The CAMP instrument has now been successfully employed during the first three beam times at LCLS, and we report here on practical experience gained for the operation of imaging pnCCD detectors at FEL facilities. We address a wide range of topics: pnCCD gain and energy calibration during experiments; suppression of optical light contamination in pumpprobe experiments; contamination of the pnCCD entrance window with sample material; effects of accidental direct impact on the pnCCDs of particles generated by the FEL beam impinging on the experimental setup; and the effect of accidental direct exposure of a pnCCD to the focused and unattenuated X-ray beam. These lessons learned will help us to further improve operation of pnCCDs in future FEL experiments.
Measurement campaigns of the Max-Planck Advanced Study Group (ASG) in cooperation with the Center for Free Electron Laser Science (CFEL) at DESY-FLASH and SLAC-LCLS have established pnCCDs as universal photon imaging spectrometers in the energy range from 90 eV to 2 keV. In the CFEL-ASG multi purpose chamber (CAMP), pnCCD detector modules are an integral part of the design with the ability to detect photons at very small scattering angles. In order to fully exploit the spectroscopic and intensity imaging capability of pnCCDs, it is essentially important to translate the unprocessed raw data into units of photon counts for any given position on the detection area. We have studied the performance of pnCCDs in FEL experiments and laboratory test setups for the range of signal intensities from a few X-ray photons per signal frame to 100 or more photons with an energy of 2 keV per pixel. Based on these measurement results, we were able to<|fim_middle|>, as well as about the CAMEX ASIC. Then device tests, test setups and data analysis are described. We report in detail about the performance of the tested devices. Failures that occurred during device tests are subsequently discussed. Finally, we give a review of the results.
At MPI Halbleiterlabor, pnCCDs have been continuously developed to improve readout noise, readout speed, charge transfer efficiency and energy resolution. Pixel sizes of 75μm, 51μm and 36μm were realized in addition to the original 150μm pixel design. Reduction of the pixel size evidently changes the electric fields in the pixel structure. This leads to the question of how scaling of the pixel size affects the charge collection at subpixel dimensions. We used the "mesh-method" to measure the amount of signal charge deposited in a pixel depending on the position of X-Ray photon incidence within the pixel. In this experiment, a mesh with a rectangular hole pattern was mounted above the entrance window or structured front side of the detector. A slight rotation of the mesh ensures that every hole has a different position relative to the pixel below. It corresponds to scanning of a single pixel. Measurements were done with pnCCDs of 150μm, 75μm and 51μm pixel size at photon energies from 0.7keV to 5.4keV. We also used a setup with front side illumination of a pnCCD with 75μm pixel size to investigate the absorption of X-ray photons in the register structure of the device. Numerical simulations delivered results for signal charge distribution into pixels along the charge transfer direction. We analyzed the charge collection in a pixel and the absorption properties of the register structure with a spatial resolution below 5μm and could investigate the accuracy of numerical device simulations.
A new generation of pnCCDs has been developed for the proposed X-ray astronomy missions, DUO and ROSITA. The DUO/ROSITA CCD is a frame store pnCCD based on the concept of the XMM-Newton pnCCD and has both, improved performance and new features. This detector permits accurate spectroscopy of X-rays as well as imaging and high time resolution with high quantum efficiency in the energy band from 0.3 keV to 10 keV. Interfering electron-hole pair generation due to optical and UV light is prevented by a deposition of an on-chip filter. We describe the frame store pnCCDs developed and fabricated for the DUO and ROSITA missions in the semiconductor laboratory of the Max-Planck-Institut fuer extraterrestrische Physik. An overview about the CCD concept and design is given along with some details about the fabrication of the devices. In addition, we introduce a new analog signal processor which has been developed specifically for the readout of the frame store pnCCD signals. The main focus of this paper is to present the very first measurements with this CCD type and its analog signal processor. Towards this aim we report the operation of this new sensor and its key performance parameters. Finally we discuss ongoing and future tests with the DUO/ROSITA CCDs.
DUO and ROSITA are two future X-ray astronomy missions observing in the energy band from about 0.3 keV to 10 keV. While the NASA satellite DUO will scan selected areas of the X-ray sky with high sensitivity, the German ROSITA mission shall perform an all-sky survey. Both missions apply an array of seven Wolter telescopes with separated field of views and seven dedicated PN-CCD focal plane detectors. The focal plane detectors are a further development of the flight-proven PN-CCD applied for the XMM-Newton observatory. The advanced device, called 'frame store PN-CCD', is designed and fabricated in the semiconductor laboratory of the Max-Planck-Institute for extraterrestrial physics. An introduction into the detector concept and design are presented as well as the promising results which have been achieved with the prototype devices. This includes an overview about the performance of the PN-CCD and in detail the recent measurements with the detector. An example is the low energy response of the optimized photon entrance window with integrated optical light filter. As the CAMEX analog signal processor chip is a main component of the detector module, we describe its development status. Furthermore, we report about the application of the mesh experiment to the PN-CCD which allows for a study of the electric potential characteristics in the detector bulk, in particular in the charge transfer depth. The information is of great importance for an accurate knowledge about the drift of the generated signal electrons into the potential wells of the pixels. | characterize the response of pnCCDs over the experimentally relevant photon energy and intensity range. The obtained calibration results are directly relevant for the physics data analysis. The accumulated knowledge of the detector performance was implemented in guidelines for detector calibration methods which are suitable for the specific requirements in photon science experiments at Free Electron Lasers. We discuss the achievable accuracy of photon energy and photon count measurements before and after the application of calibration data. Charge spreading due to illumination of small spots with high photon rates is discussed with respect to the charge handling capacity of a pixel and the effect of the charge spreading process on the resulting signal patterns.
New generation synchrotron light sources, the X-ray free electron lasers, require a two dimensional focal plane instrumentation to perform X-ray imaging from below 100eV up to 25keV. The instruments have to face the accelerator bunch structure and energy bandwidth which is different for existing (FLASH, Hamburg and LCLS, Menlo Park) and future photon sources (SACLA, Harima and XFEL, Hamburg). Within the frame of the Center for Free Electron Laser Science (CFEL), a joint effort of the Max-Planck Society, DESY and the University of Hamburg, the MPI semiconductor laboratory developed, produced and operated large area X-ray CCD detectors with a format of nearly 60cm<sup>2</sup> image area. They show outstanding characteristics: a high readout speed due to a complete parallel signal processing, high and homogeneous quantum efficiency, low signal noise, radiation hardness and a high pixel charge handling capacitance. We will present measurement results which demonstrate the X-ray spectroscopic and imaging capabilities of the fabricated devices. We will also report on the concept and the anticipated properties of the full, large scale system. The implementation of the detector into an experimental chamber to perform measurements e.g. of macromolecules in order to determine their structure at atomic resolutions will be shown.
The new X-ray telescope eROSITA (extended ROentgen Survey with an Imaging Telescope Array) is the main instrument on the Russian new Spectrum-RG satellite, scheduled for launch in 2012. The primary scientific goal of eROSITA is the detection of about 100,000 clusters of galaxies in an all sky survey. This allows a systematic study on the large scale structures in the universe and will give new information about the nature of dark energy. The focal plane detector is a 5 cm × 3 cm framestore PNCCD, an advanced successor of the XMM-Newton PNCCD, designed and fabricated at the MPI Halbleiterlabor. It has 384 × 384 pixels of 75 μm × 75 μm in the image area and will provide high position, time and spectral resolution as well as a high quantum efficiency for X-ray photons in the energy range from 0.2 keV up to 10 keV. The first flight-like CCDs have been finished in 2008. In order to extensively test these new PNCCDs we developed an electronic test-setup. It is very versatile, allowing us to test the CCDs under many different conditions and is appropriate to show at the same time excellent performance of the detector. In this contribution we present in detail the electronic test-setup, some test results and the conclusions which can be drawn for the eROSITA flight modules.
A special type of CCD, the so-called PNCCD, was originally developed for the focal plane camera of the XMMNewton space telescope. After the satellite launch in 1999, the MPI Halbleiterlabor continued the detector development for various ground-based applications. Finally, a new X-ray PNCCD was designed again for a space telescope named eROSITA. The space telescope will be equipped with an array of seven parallel oriented X-ray mirror systems of Wolter-I type and seven cameras, placed in their foci. This instrumentation will permit the exploration of the X-ray universe in the energy band from 0.3 keV up to 10 keV with a time resolution of 50 ms for a full image comprising 384 x 384 pixels. eROSITA will be accommodated on the new Russian Spectrum-RG satellite. The mission was already approved by the responsible German and Russian space agencies. The detector development is focussed to fulfil the scientific specifications for detector performance under the constraints of all the mechanical, power, thermal and radiation hardness issues for space instrumentation. This considers also the recent change of the satellite's orbit. The Lagrange point L2 was decided as new destination of the satellite instead of a low-Earth orbit (LEO). We present a detailed description of the detector system and the current development status. The most recent test results are reported here. Essential steps for completion of the seven focal plane detectors until satellite launch in 2012 will be itemized.
The German X-ray observatory eROSITA (extended ROentgen Survey with an Imaging Telescope Array) is the prime instrument of the new Spectrum-RG mission. Launch of the Russian satellite is planned for the year 2011. The scientific goal of eROSITA is primarily the detection and analysis of 100 thousand clusters of galaxies in order to study the large scale structures in the Universe and to test cosmological models. The therefore required large effective area is obtained by an array of seven identical and parallel aligned Wolter-I telescopes. In the focus of each mirror module, there is a large frame store pnCCD detector, providing a field of view of 1° in diameter. The same X-ray detector type will also be applied for ART-XC, another grazing-incidence telescope system aboard Spectrum-RG, which permits the detection of heavily obscured X-ray sources. These scientific instruments allow the exploration of the X-ray Universe in the energy band from 0.3 keV to 11 keV. During a mission time of at least five years, an all-sky survey, wide as well as deep surveys and pointed observations will be performed. Approval and funding for eROSITA were granted by the German space agency DLR in April 2007. The conceptual design of the X-ray focal plane cameras is presented here comprising electrical, thermal, and mechanical aspects. Key part of the camera is the pnCCD detector chip, which is developed and produced in our semiconductor laboratory, the MPI Halbleiterlabor. The CCD was designed according to the specifications given by the scientific goals of eROSITA. The eROSITA CCD differs apparently from all previously produced frame store pnCCDs by its larger size and format. The CCD image area of the seven eROSITA cameras is in total 58 cm<sup>2</sup> large and their number of pixels is about seven times higher than that of the XMM-Newton pnCCD camera. First pnCCD devices were recently produced and tested. Their performance measurements and results are of most importance for eROSITA because the tested CCDs are the control sample of the flight detector production.
An advanced pnCCD type has been developed, based on the concept of the XMM-Newton detector, which has been performing spectroscopy and imaging since 2000. This new detector is designed according to the requirements of eROSITA, a new X-ray astronomy mission, to be launched in 2010. The focal plane for each of the seven individual Wolter telescopes will be equipped with one of these new-type X-ray pnCCDs. In addition to the eROSITA chips, we have developed CCDs for other applications, e.g. for projects which require smaller pixel sizes. The devices that have been produced in the semiconductor laboratory (MPI Halbleiterlabor) of the Max-Planck-Institut fur extraterrestrische Physik are currently subject of systematic quality checks and spectroscopic tests. These tests are performed under standardized conditions on a representative subset of the many devices we have produced. The aim of these tests is to extract the key performance parameters of the individual CCDs like readout noise, energy resolution and the occurrence of bad pixels. The analysis includes the CAMEX analog signal processor, which has been developed for the readout of the CCD signals. After an introduction, we present the motivation for the detector development and give an overview about our CCD design and production | 1,732 |
One of the coolest and most depressing buildings in Detroit has to be the old Michigan Central Station (Depot). The station was used by Amtrak until 1988 when it was abandoned and left to basically rot. The station consists of the main railway facilities as well as an 18 story office tower. The interesting thing about the office tower is that the top floors were never finished. Anyway, the building has been decaying for years and has been threatened with demolition many times. A group called Save Michigan Central was formed in an effort to save at least part of the building. Latest news reports indicate that the building's owner might be willing to put a little money into it to keep it from decaying further. Hopefully one day the building won't need to be surrounded by the razor wire fence.
I did a couple of things when processing this image. The first was to create a square crop. I thought the curve of the razor wire worked better in a squarer frame. I then did a conversion to black & white using Silver Efex Pro 2. I bumped the structure and contrast to help bring out the razor wire. I then used a couple of HDR effects from Photo Tools to create the blueish cast which helped bring the razor wire forward somewhat. My only regret about this image is that it isn't just a bit sharper. I blame my technique.
Please leave your comments and/or questions<|fim_middle|> to climb that.
cool. The clue-silver tones and the shape of the barb make it look like something off of Batman's utility belt.
I think the sharpness is fine. Sometimes a little softness works with such a sharp focal point.
I really like this – the steely blue colours and the arcs formed by the wire… somehow it makes me think of some kind of futuristic sci-fi world. | below. Thanks!
I really like the processing on this! Great job.
Wow! Awesome shot James – that razor wire really stands out. I hope you didn't try | 34 |
3 takeaways from Rangers sweep of the Nationals
By Connelly Bock
Jun 11, 20<|fim_middle|> three – Andrew Cashner (3-5, 3.17 ERA) vs. Brad Peacock (3-1, 3.15 ERA) | 17; Washington, DC, USA; Texas Rangers right fielder Shin-Soo Choo (17) celebrates with Rangers shortstop Elvis Andrus (1) after hitting a solo home run in the third inning at Nationals Park. Mandatory Credit: Patrick McDermott-USA TODAY Sports /
The Rangers headed to D.C. to take the National League leading Nationals. Can a sweep help propel the Rangers to a playoff push?
The Texas Rangers kicked off a tough six game road trip this past weekend, taking on the National League's best team, the Washington Nationals.
Despite the Rangers recent struggles, an impressive series sweep brings them within two games of .500 and two games behind the Tampa Bay Rays in the Wild Card chase.
Heading into the series, Washington was the second highest run producing team in all of baseball. The Rangers managed to hold them to only six runs, the lowest amount scored by any team over the course of the weekend.
Wins over arguably, one of the best rotations in baseball in Tanner Roark, Max Scherzer and Gio Gonzalez show the potential this team has if they can consistently put it together.
Three takeaways
1. Shin-Soo Choo has quietly been one of the Rangers best players
Perhaps it's the fact that Shin-Soo Choo doesn't put up the eye popping sexy numbers that demand your attention. But he's quietly been putting together perhaps his best season as a Ranger.
He's reached base in 17 of his past 20 games putting up a .396 OBP over that stretch. In fact, Choo has consistently gotten on base all season. His .375 OBP is currently the best on the team and 30th in all of baseball.
This should come as no surprise, he's made a living off his ability to draw walks. But his 15 percent walk rate is currently the second highest of his career. However, his 19.3 percent strikeout rate is the second lowest.
His .78 walks per strikeouts is the 18th best in all of baseball and above and beyond the best of his career since joining the Rangers.
The biggest question mark for Choo is wether or not he can finally put together a healthy season. He's already surpassed his games total from a year ago and is on pace to play over 150 games for the first time as a Ranger.
2. Can Andrew Cashner get back to being consistent?
Andrew Cashner had yet another great outing Friday night, as he allowed only one run over seven innings. Based on FIP and gamescore, it was his best outing of the season.
In fact, his two best outings have came in his past three starts. However, it's Cashners inconsistency that is begging to grow worrisome.
On May 17th Cashner allowed only two runs over the course of seven innings in a dominant win over the Phillies. His next start he allowed five runs in five innings, walking seven batters in a loss against the Red Sox.
On May 28th he pitched a gem against the Blue Jays, allowing only one run and five hits in seven innings pitched. However, he would give up five runs and allow 12 base runners in his next start against the Astros.
Cashner is slated to pitch on Wednesday against the Astros hoping to find consistency.
3. Jose Leclerc is one of baseballs premier young relievers
What is Jose Leclerc's ceiling? He's currently preforming like one of the games best relievers. He certainly has the stuff to become a staple in the back end of the bullpen for years to come.
His numbers and makeup remind me of a young Dellin Betances, who made his full debut in 2014. Both feature a fastball in the mid to upper 90's but both have a devastating off-speed pitch they go to more than their fastball.
Betances pitched to a 1.40 ERA in 2014 striking out 13.50 batters per nine innings. Leclerc currently has a 1.84 ERA striking out 14.73 batters per nine innings.
Not only has Leclerc been one of the best young relievers in baseball, he's been one of the best in general.
Among relievers with at least ten innings pitched, Leclerc currently has the fifth lowest FIP, the ninth highest strikeout percentage. Furthermore, he is one of only 30 relievers to have yet to give up a home run.
Most importantly, Leclerc brings electric swing and miss stuff to a bullpen that has desperately needed it.
Among relievers with at least ten innings pitched Leclerc has the lowest contact rate and highest swing in miss rate in all of baseball. He's also getting batters to chase pitches out of the zone at a 39.1 percent clip, the ninth highest.
Perhaps Leclerc is the future for a bullpen that has lacked a consistent shut down closer for the past decade.
The Rangers finish off a two city road trip with a tough three game set against the MLB's best, Houston Astros.
This will be the third meeting between the two teams with the Astros currently dominating the season series. The Astros are ahead winning six of seven.
The Rangers will hope to build on their impressive sweep of the Nationals and potentially do what has seemed impossible so far, gain ground on the first place Astros.
Game one – Yu Darvish (5-4, 3.18 ERA) vs. Joe Musgrove (4-4, 4.89 ERA)
Game two – TBD vs. Lance McCullers (6-1, 2.58 ERA)
Game | 1,179 |
Q: Split sentences in Python to not exceed a number of characters I have a string that contains sentences. If this string contains more character then a given number. I'd like to split up this string into several strings with less then the max number of character, but stil containing full sentence.
I did the below, which seem to run okay, but not sure if I will experience bugs putting this in production. Does the below look okay?
from nltk.tokenize import sent_tokenize
my_text = "President Donald Trump announced Friday that he has tested positive for Covid-19, and he isn't the first sitting president to contract a highly contagious and potentially deadly virus in the middle of a pandemic.Former President Woodrow Wilson became ill with the 1918 flu when he was in Paris in April 1919 organizing a peace treaty and the League of Nations following World War I.Wilson wasn't a healthy man and "always frail," said Howard Markel, a physician and medical historian at the University of Michigan. He would go on to have symptoms such as headache, high fever, cough and runny nose, Markel said. Many of Wilson's aides would also contract the flu, including his chief of staff, he added.Trump tweeted overnight that he and first lady Melania Trump tested positive for the coronavirus after the White House confirmed that aide Hope Hicks had tested positive and had some symptoms.Trump was experiencing "mild symptoms" after testing positive for the coronavirus, White House chief of staff Mark Meadows confirmed to reporters Friday morning. The announcement came hours after the administration confirmed that White House aide Hope Hicks tested positive for the virus.For Wilson, the virus "took its toll on him," Markel said. "That can have neurologic and long-term complications. And he was already at the time traveling and living on a train and giving five to 10 speeches a day. That's not healthy."When he got back to the United States, Wilson went on a whistle-stop tour to get the League of Nations ratified, which ultimately failed, Markel said. While on his tour, Wilson became thinner, paler and more frail, Markel would write in a column. He lost his appetite, his asthma grew worse and he complained of unrelenting headaches, he added. He would later have a bad stroke."His wife basically took over the presidency after that," he added.Many infectious disease experts and medical historians have drawn other parallels between 1918 and today.<|fim_middle|>5, so, fisrt shortened_sentence should consists of first 3 items in the list. but it does not. because the logic of the second if is incorrect.
sentences = ['abcde', 'fghijk', 'lmno', 'pqr']
# we need sentences with less than 16 chars
print([len(sentence) for sentence in sentences])
sentences_split = []
shortened_sentence = ""
for idx, sentence in enumerate(sentences):
if len(shortened_sentence) + len(sentence) < 16:
shortened_sentence += sentence
if (len(shortened_sentence) + len(sentence) > 16) or (idx + 1 == len(sentences)):
sentences_split.append(shortened_sentence)
shortened_sentence = ""
print(sentences_split)
print([len(sentence) for sentence in sentences_split])
output
[5, 6, 4, 3]
['abcdefghijk', 'lmnopqr']
[11, 7]
Compare it with
sentences = ['abcde', 'fghijk', 'lmno', 'pqr']
# we need sentences with less than 16 chars
print([len(word) for word in sentences])
sentences_split = []
shortened_sentence = ""
for sentence in sentences:
if len(shortened_sentence) + len(sentence) < 16:
shortened_sentence += sentence
else:
sentences_split.append(shortened_sentence)
shortened_sentence = sentence
sentences_split.append(shortened_sentence)
print(sentences_split)
print([len(sentence) for sentence in sentences_split])
output
[5, 6, 4, 3]
['abcdefghijklmno', 'pqr']
[15, 3]
Finally, if you are not sure " if I will experience bugs putting this in production" - write tests, a lot of tests. That's what tests are about - to help minimise bugs in production.
Also, note that second snippets is just a sample implementation, there are other possible implementations.
| Schools and businesses were also closed and infected people were quarantined a century ago. People were also resistant to wearing face masks, calling them dirt traps and some clipped holes so they could smoke cigars.Several U.S. cities implemented mandates, describing them as a symbol of "wartime patriotism." In San Francisco, then-Mayor James Rolph said, "[C]onscience, patriotism and self-protection demand immediate and rigid compliance," according to influenzaarchive.org, which is authored by Markel. But some people refused to comply or take them seriously, Markel said."One woman, a downtown attorney, argued to Mayor Rolph that the mask ordinance was 'absolutely unconstitutional' because it was not legally enacted, and that as a result, every police officer who had arrested a mask scofflaw was personally liable," according to influenzaarchive.org.As with Trump, some reports and historians have suggested that Wilson downplayed the severity of the virus. But Markel said that is a "wrong and a false trope of popular history."The federal government played a very small role in American public health during that era, he said. Unlike today, there was no CDC or national public health department. The Food and Drug Administration existed, but it consisted of a very small group of men."It was primarily a city and state role, and those agencies were hardly downplaying it," Markel said.Unlike today, Wilson did not get sick during his reelection, Markel said. He said the public needs to know "how healthy or how not healthy" Trump is before the election on Nov. 3."When you're voting for a president now, you really are potentially voting for the vice president," he said. "Because what if Trump gets sick and gets incapacitated or worse between Election Day and Jan. 20 because of Covid? Well then the elected vice president becomes president.""The importance of him being clear, open and honest — or his doctors — with his health conditions is something I'm skeptical we'll see. But it is critical," Markel said. President Donald Trump announced Friday that he has tested positive for Covid-19, and he isn't the first sitting president to contract a highly contagious and potentially deadly virus in the middle of a pandemic.Former President Woodrow Wilson became ill with the 1918 flu when he was in Paris in April 1919 organizing a peace treaty and the League of Nations following World War I.Wilson wasn't a healthy man and "always frail," said Howard Markel, a physician and medical historian at the University of Michigan. He would go on to have symptoms such as headache, high fever, cough and runny nose, Markel said. Many of Wilson's aides would also contract the flu, including his chief of staff, he added.Trump tweeted overnight that he and first lady Melania Trump tested positive for the coronavirus after the White House confirmed that aide Hope Hicks had tested positive and had some symptoms.Trump was experiencing "mild symptoms" after testing positive for the coronavirus, White House chief of staff Mark Meadows confirmed to reporters Friday morning. The announcement came hours after the administration confirmed that White House aide Hope Hicks tested positive for the virus.For Wilson, the virus "took its toll on him," Markel said. "That can have neurologic and long-term complications. And he was already at the time traveling and living on a train and giving five to 10 speeches a day. That's not healthy."When he got back to the United States, Wilson went on a whistle-stop tour to get the League of Nations ratified, which ultimately failed, Markel said. While on his tour, Wilson became thinner, paler and more frail, Markel would write in a column. He lost his appetite, his asthma grew worse and he complained of unrelenting headaches, he added. He would later have a bad stroke."His wife basically took over the presidency after that," he added.Many infectious disease experts and medical historians have drawn other parallels between 1918 and today. Schools and businesses were also closed and infected people were quarantined a century ago. People were also resistant to wearing face masks, calling them dirt traps and some clipped holes so they could smoke cigars.Several U.S. cities implemented mandates, describing them as a symbol of "wartime patriotism." In San Francisco, then-Mayor James Rolph said, "[C]onscience, patriotism and self-protection demand immediate and rigid compliance," according to influenzaarchive.org, which is authored by Markel. But some people refused to comply or take them seriously, Markel said."One woman, a downtown attorney, argued to Mayor Rolph that the mask ordinance was 'absolutely unconstitutional' because it was not legally enacted, and that as a result, every police officer who had arrested a mask scofflaw was personally liable," according to influenzaarchive.org.As with Trump, some reports and historians have suggested that Wilson downplayed the severity of the virus. But Markel said that is a "wrong and a false trope of popular history."The federal government played a very small role in American public health during that era, he said. Unlike today, there was no CDC or national public health department. The Food and Drug Administration existed, but it consisted of a very small group of men."It was primarily a city and state role, and those agencies were hardly downplaying it," Markel said.Unlike today, Wilson did not get sick during his reelection, Markel said. He said the public needs to know "how healthy or how not healthy" Trump is before the election on Nov. 3."When you're voting for a president now, you really are potentially voting for the vice president," he said. "Because what if Trump gets sick and gets incapacitated or worse between Election Day and Jan. 20 because of Covid? Well then the elected vice president becomes president.""The importance of him being clear, open and honest — or his doctors — with his health conditions is something I'm skeptical we'll see. But it is critical," Markel said."
sentences = sent_tokenize(my_text)
sentences_split = []
shortened_sentence = ""
for idx, sentence in enumerate(sentences):
if len(shortened_sentence) + len(sentence) < 5120:
shortened_sentence += sentence
if (len(shortened_sentence) + len(sentence) > 5120) or (idx + 1 == len(sentences)):
sentences_split.append(shortened_sentence)
shortened_sentence = ""
print(sentences_split)
A: To better explain my point about problem with the second if block, expressed in comments, see following example.
We want string of max len=15, i.e. 1520 in this case is 16. As you can see first 3 items in the list are 5 + 6 + 4 = 1 | 1,411 |
<|fim_middle|> radiator.
Shaped lawn area, block paved patio area. tiled feature log store, hedgerow and fence boundaries, storm porch to front door.
Long private driveway leading to shingle off road parking for numerous vehicles.
8' 8" x 8' 8" (2.64m x 2.64m) Timber and glazed construction with pitched roof.
Mainly laid to lawn with various block paved seating areas, shrubs & fruit trees, feature gated pergola, fence and hedge boundaries, garden shed to remain, outside lights, outside tap, access to front.
From the centre of Ampthill take Bedford Street and then the B530 towards Bedford. take the second turning on the right opposite Vision Blinds towards Houghton Conquest into Bedford Road and Maple Tree House is along the first driveway on your left. | With lots of stunning features, this truly individual four bedroom detached family home has so much to offer.
Double glazed doors with opaque side panels to front, double glazed window to side, stairs rising to first floor accommodation, under stairs cupboard, Karndean flooring, radiator.
Wash hand basin set into a vanity unit, low level WC, Karndean flooring, storage cupboard, radiator.
30' 6" max x 23' 5" max (9.30m x 7.14m) Engineered Oak flooring, two sets of French doors to the side garden, two radiators, inset log burning stove, built in log store and shelving, double doors to the study/playroom.
10' 10" x 8' 2" (3.30m x 2.49m) Double glazed French doors and windows to rear, windows to both sides, radiator.
17' 2" x 15' 0" (5.23m x 4.57m) A range of base and wall mounted units with work surfaces over, central island with four seater breakfast table, integrated six ring gas hob with extractor hood over, double oven, combination microwave, fridge/freezer and dishwasher, corner space saving pantry unit, tiling to splashbacks, sink drainer unit with mixer tap over, Karndean flooring, double doors to dining area, double glazed window to side and rear, door to garden.
A range of base and wall mounted units with work surface over, space and plumbing for washing machine and tumble dryer. Wall mount Calor gas boiler. Double glazed window to front.
Fully tiled white suite comprising wash hand basin set into vanity unit, low level WC, panel bath with shower attachment over, heated towel rail, Velux skylight window.
Fully tiled with a white suite fitted with a double shower cubicle, wash hand basin and low level WC. Radiator and Velux skylight window.
12' 0" x 9' 10" (3.66m x 3.00m) Two velux skylight windows, radiator, eaves storage.
10' 3" x 7' 0" (3.12m x 2.13m) A range of fitted wardrobes, velux skylight window, radiator.
Fully tiled with a white suite comprising of wash hand basin, low level WC, panelled bath with shower attachment over, Velux skylight window, | 528 |
Looking for onsen hot springs near Tokyo & Yokohama? Want to get away for a relaxing dip in a traditional Japanese bath and make it back to the city in time for dinner? Actually you may want to stay for dinner as both of the places we describe below have wonderful food in addition to natural hot spring mineral baths.
Many people living or visiting in the Tokyo or Kanagawa area head straight to Hakone for a soak, passing through Odawara without realizing that they have zipped by one of the nicer places for a day trip or a weekend stay. The Hilton Odawara Resort & Spa is just 35 minutes from Tokyo station if you would take the shikansen (bullet train) or about one hour via the Tokkaido or Odakyu Dentsetsu lines. The hotel is reminiscent of something in Hawaii – relaxing environment high up on a hillside with an amazing view of the ocean and surrounding area. This place has a natural hot spring in the traditional Japanese style, but there is much more. They boast a giant indoor "Bade Zone" which houses numerous baths and swimming pools.
There is an aesthetic salon with massage and other treatments and a stone spa where you lay down and let the soothing dry heat penetrate your body. If you feel like getting some exercise, they have a gym, table tennis, indoor and outdoor tennis courts, a driving range and an 18 hole putting course. All of this is available at reasonable rates for hotel guests and day visitors. HealthyTOKYO Premium Members receive a 15% discount off of most of the facility fees. If you are too relaxed to go home,<|fim_middle|> Spa & Resort, two locations with onsen hot springs easily reached from Tokyo or Yokohama. Go for a relaxing day or two to refresh before you return to the Tokyo grind or head back to your home country with your memories of Japanese onsen spa hospitality. | this is a Hilton hotel with wonderful newly remodeled modern Japanese rooms and picturesque ocean views to keep you dreaming. If you are able to go during the week, the room prices tend to be less than on the weekends and of course fewer people using the onsen hot springs and other relaxation facilities.
Another great hot spring nearby Tokyo to visit for the day is Enoshima Island Spa. This place has amazing views of Mt. Fuji and the ocean from the pools and onsen hot springs. Located near Kamakura on the Shonan coast, the hot spring water is pumped from 1,500 meters below the ocean. Spa packages are available with aroma oil massages, shiatsu, facials, detox , mud wraps and other soothing treatments. Once again HealthyTOKYO Premium Members get special deals on entrance fees, spa packages and some food items. Speaking of food The Island Grill Restaurant offers a variety of courses with fresh seafood, veggies and other enticing ingredients, many of them from local farmers and fisherman.
Enoshima Island Spa and Hilton Odawara | 217 |
Why does choosing a photographer seem to<|fim_middle|> doing the session. Will def use them in the future!
Kirk did a father daughter photo shoot for us, loved the pictures he captured (he was able to get some great shots even with my constantly moving child). Looking forward to family pics in the spring!
K&M photography are very talented professional photographers. They re-did wedding photos for me and my wife that took our breath away. They also did beautiful holiday photos at Christmas time. I will continue to work with them and I highly recommend them to anyone I meet. | be one of the most difficult things to do? Why are they so expensive? What makes one photographer better than another?
If you've asked yourself any one of these questions, we want you to sit back in your chair, take a deep breath, and relax. Now that you're calm and relaxed, we invite you to read on about us…….
Hello! and thank you for spending a few minutes with us learning about who we are, and what we do. We are Kirk Harris and Maureen Stewart, a Husband and Wife team of photographers. Like you, we have had occasions where we would be looking for a photographer to capture memories for our family event or occasion. Searching through hundreds of websites, sifting through price packages and flyers, and investigating word of mouth recommendations. Here's what we have found.
There seems to be this cookie cutter approach to pricing vs what you get for their services. So why would we be any different? Unfortunately, that is the nature of the business. However, both Maureen and I have sat down and have gone through what we didn't like about it and came up with our own way of pricing vs. service. Bear with us for a minute, we will come back to that.
The other pet peeve of ours was everything we saw looked staged. Good for an album but didn't really tell a story. And as Photographers, we always want to showcase our best work. So, it has become common place to showcase those staged images to try to catch your eye. We all agree that there are some "just have to have" images like Grandma and Grandpa with the Bride and Groom or Mom and Dad with them and the rest is the story. That's where Maureen and I flourish. We believe that your "Special Day "is the story of YOU. We want YOU to look back on those memories and relive that moment every time you look through our work. We do this in everything we capture with our camera. Whatever the event or occasion may be. We have had the pleasure of working with people from all walks of life and have had some great experiences working for both print and online publications. From Events, Family Portrait, Engagement, Wedding, and Maternity Photography , We make it a memorable experience for all .
Remember we said bear with us for a moment? wait no longer …. Our package pricing vs. our services is custom tailored for YOU. That's Right! We said it! YOU make the decisions! When you meet with us, and the topic of packages comes up we have a "you decide" approach. you decide the Where, What, Who and When. And you would be surprised at just how affordable it can be. Contact us Today to set up an Appointment. and from both Maureen And I we would like to thank you for spending a few minutes with us. Still on the fence? Here's what people have said about us.
Nikki Holland recommends K&M Photography.
Amazing photos by this company taken at such short notice for our band! I can't be more excited about them and their friendliness and professionalism. I highly recommend them!
Rawan Jaber recommends K&M Photography.
Great pics! Great people! Lots of fun! Keep in mind for the future .Thanks again!
So patient and great with my kids! Loved their work and my boys had fun while | 679 |
The scheme trustee and NOW: Pensions have requested that their scheme be removed from the master trust assurance list, which TPR welcomes and supports.
Today T<|fim_middle|> list. TPR will monitor its progress in this.
Master trust assurance signposts employers to schemes that have obtained an independent audit of their governance standards and controls against a defined set of control objectives, which have been designed to align with the standards in TPR's DC code.
It continues to be a useful independently audited assurance for employers choosing a scheme that it meets the standards in TPR's DC code. We strongly encourage and support all master trusts to adopt the voluntary assurance framework we developed jointly with the Institute of Chartered Accountants of England and Wales (ICAEW).
A total of 22 schemes remain on the master trust assurance list. | PR amended the online list.
TPR is engaging with the scheme trustee and NOW: Pensions to address the ongoing concerns about the scheme.
Once NOW: Pensions has addressed its ongoing issues, it can apply to be put back on the master trust assurance | 51 |
Nothing complements adventure better than good food. And Rishik<|fim_middle|> several upscale restaurants in Rishikesh offering that and much more. There are also some small restaurants with not so big menu but with enough unique items to keep the guests interested and offer an exotic dining experience. | esh offers some awesome food choices to satisfy those taste buds. Fresh, local veggies sprinkled with traditional spices and made with love – the food in Rishikesh will sure make your mouth water. From gourmet food, to sumptuous family lunches, to quick bites on the go – the food experience lives up to the adventure-spiritual reputation of Rishikesh.
Given the religious significance of the place, only vegetarian food and non-alcoholic drinks are served. But that doesn't diminish the taste or the choices available to relish. Several multi-cuisine restaurants in Rishikesh offer various kinds of delicious local (Garhwali), continental, and European food. However, the main dining attraction here is the Sattvic food, which is available in almost all restaurants and is prepared in the traditional manner, with fresh vegetables, herbs and organic ingredients grown locally. Sattvic diet is extremely popular with yogis, who also refer to it as yogic diet. However, tourists too relish the simplicity and richness of this food.
The Lakshman and Rama Jhula areas are the dining hubs of Rishikesh. Most restaurants and cafés are at the bank of river Ganga, and offer delicious and healthy food. There are indoor as well as outdoor cafés that offer a nice view of the surroundings and enhance the dining experience.
If you prefer gourmet food restaurants with fancy white clothed tables and courteous waiters in tuxedos serving global cuisine, then there are | 305 |
A really super quick and easy, simple pizza with puff pastry as the base is this recipe for Pizza Tart. Anyone up for a challenge ? It takes a little under 30 minutes all together.
Wishing you a very Happy New Year!!! Nav varsh ki hardik shubh kamnaye !!
"With each passing year we grow and learn..
but we need to be strong and rational for years to come.
My very first recipe for Twenty Twelve is an easy Pizza Tart , that can be cooked a fresh or from leftovers .
Preheat the oven to 180 C .Unroll the Pastry block and cut them into 3 equal rectangles.
Lay the pastry rectangles on the baking sheet and spread the centre with tomato salsa or tomato puree leaving 1/4th inch around the sides. Arrange the toppers – Cheese , thinly sliced tomatoes and black olives . Sprinkle a pinch of dried basil all over .
Bake for 15 – 20 minutes until tart edges have risen and turned a little brown. Remove from the oven , allow it to cool for 5 minutes.. , garnish with mint springs and serve hot .
What a fabulous idea!!!! Pizza ready in a jiffy!!
What an easy breezy pizza tart:-) And lovely clicks!!
Wow thats an interesting and definitely a quick pizza..
Wonderful pizza tarts! They look fantastic and refined.
Pizza tart looks delicious and inviting. Great idea for a quick pizza when you don't have time to make the dough!
Hi Sandhya! Nice to be here – that looks pretty light and awesome! Btw, Love your new logo or is it new and this is the first time I am noticing it?? either way,. loving it!
Lovely recipe with gorgeous clicks.
The Pizza tart looks great and so easy to make! Thanks for sharing!
Easy and super delicious Pizza.
Looks wonderful<|fim_middle|>? i love making them with naan base as well. | Sandhya! Wishing you a good year ahead!
quick note to you since I could not locate your email – just wanted to let you know that we have common friends! One of my friends Vidya visited me with her mom (they are from bombay – but she lives in the bay area) and her mom was telling me about your blog too – I think you guys are related. And I told her, yes, I do know and follow your blog! Small world!
This tart is perfect for parties. They will be a sure hit among kids. I will try this super easy tart very soon.
arent these just the most convenient | 129 |
Q: clean url using php ive seen things like
<?php
if(is_array($_GET)) {
$page = isset($_GET['p'])?strtolower(urlencode<|fim_middle|> | ($_GET['p'])):'index.php';
$page = preg_replace('/[^A-Za-z0-9]/','',$page);
// echo '['.$page.']';
}
else $page = '';
if(!file_exists($page.'.php')) require("index.php");
else require(_path_.$page.'.php');
}
?>
But i dont really get how this works entirely.
Basically I want to do something with php and htaccess i believe i will know, example; domain.com/page/about would go to domain.com/pages/about.php and output the contents? i know ive seen this somewhere but i forget what its called! I've been searching forever now!
Im not the best at code and need a bit help to do, please.
A: I think what you're looking for is mod_rewrite. See Apache's documentation for a comprehensive explanation. Tuts+ also has a nice tutorial.
You essentially want to get the the page as a token and pass that to this script as a GET parameter, which your script will evaluate.
If you don't need the full functionality of mod_rewrite and you're just looking to drop the PHP extension, then this question is more relevant: .htaccess; no extension required
| 255 |
Real Madrid forward Cristiano Ronaldo said "if we were<|fim_middle|> same."
Afterwards he sought to clarify his quotes, telling Marca: "When I say that, I am talking about my fitness level, not my level as a player. I am no better than any of my team-mates."
Antoine Griezmann scored the only goal of the game as Atletico became the first team to win in three consecutive La Liga trips to the Bernabeu.
Ronaldo used an expletive to describe how he feels the media describe him and added "but I don't listen to what the press say. The statistics and numbers don't lie".
Zidane had been unbeaten in his first eight La Liga games, although they have dropped from two points behind Barca to nine.
Atletico played in the Champions League away to PSV Eindhoven on Wednesday, drawing 0-0, while Real had not played since last weekend.
Zidane said: "We were not as ready for the game as we thought we were. All I can say is that it's not just about our fitness.
"The players are not unfit, it's a question of everything. We didn't play the game we had prepared.
"They played on Wednesday and had less time to recover, and look at the game they played. So it is a mental question. We lacked a bit of everything.
"I told the players that we have to keep on going, I can't be happy with this performance and neither are they, but we can't give up. I have a clear idea of what went wrong today." | all at my level maybe we would be leaders" after his side's 1-0 derby defeat by Atletico Madrid.
A first defeat under Zinedine Zidane leaves Real nine points behind leaders Barcelona, and four below Atletico.
Real were missing Gareth Bale and Marcelo through injury, while Karim Benzema was replaced at half-time.
"I don't want to disrespect anyone, but when the best players aren't available it's harder to win," Ronaldo said.
"I like to play with Karim, with Bale, with Marcelo.
"I'm not saying the others like Lucas Vazquez, Jese and Mateo Kovacic are not good players - they are very good players - but it's not the | 148 |
Programme Coordinator - GROW (Getting Real Opportunities for Work)
Manchester,<|fim_middle|> (non manager) jobs in Sheffield | Sheffield or Birmingham
£26,860 per annum plus excellent benefits
Charities, Advice, Housing & homelessness, Social welfare, Housing, Advice/benefits, Development, Homelessness, Housing services, Social care, Family support
Fixed term contract until July 2021
Closing date: 3 July 2019 at 11.30pm
Do you have experience of working with people with social welfare issues and an understanding of social exclusion and the issues experienced by people affected by homelessness? Then join Shelter as a GROW Programme Coordinator and you could soon be playing a big part in rolling out an already successful programme on a national basis.
A home is a fundamental human need, as essential as education or healthcare. Yet millions of people across Britain struggle on a daily basis with homelessness, bad housing conditions, soaring rents, discrimination and the threat of eviction. So, we are striving for change — with individuals, in communities, across society – and leading the way to a safe home. We need ambitious, best-in-class individuals who are passionate about our cause to join us at this exciting time. This is your chance to play a part in the fundamental change we are striving to achieve.
Our GROW (Getting Real Opportunities for Work) Trainee Programme provides training and employment opportunities for people with lived experience, with the aim of helping them to secure future employment. Traineeships have been in place for four years and work is now required to build on success to date and identify how the programme can be expanded into a national model. You'll help us do just that. Indeed, you'll be responsible for rolling out the programme across Shelter. This will involve reviewing the current approach and identifying the required staffing structures, policies and learning pathways. It will also involve developing a funding model and proposition to attract funding. Along the way, you'll work alongside other services, including Inspiring Change Manchester and Time for Change in Scotland, GROW trainees plus various teams, including Learning and Development, HR and Income Generation.
To succeed, you'll need experience of co-ordinating an involvement or traineeship programme for people with lived experience. And, if you've worked in a programme delivered in multiple sites across a wide geographical area, even better, although this is not essential. What is for certain though is that you have a proven ability to encourage, promote and support the involvement of people with lived experience in the design and delivery of services. You're also great at developing successful relationships within a large organisation, as well as with external agencies and professionals. Proactive, customer-focused and comfortable leading change, presenting information and writing reports comes naturally to you too, as does using a case management system and other MS applications to record and analyse data.
We offer a wide range of benefits, including 30 days of annual leave, enhanced family friendly policies, pension and interest free travel loans. Our employees also have access to a tenancy deposit loan, cycle to work scheme and an employee assistance programme.
Shelter helps millions of people every year struggling with bad housing or homelessness through our advice, support and legal services. And we campaign to make sure that, one day, no one will have to turn to us for help. We're here so no one has to fight bad housing or homelessness on their own.
To find out more about the role and the benefits of working for Shelter please visit our website. Apply to be part of our Involvement team and be the change you want to see in society.
Safeguarding is everyone's business. Shelter is committed to protecting the health, wellbeing and human rights of those we support, and enabling them to live free from harm, abuse and neglect. All our staff will be expected to observe professional standards of behaviour and conduct their work in line with our Safeguarding Policies.
At Shelter, we welcome and encourage applications from everyone regardless of age, disability, gender, ethnicity, religion and sexual orientation. We are facing diverse problems, so need diverse people to tackle them.
Shelter does not accept unsolicited CVs from external recruitment agencies nor accept the fees associated with them.
South/Midlands/North
£32,029 pro rata for 24 hours per week
Booth Centre
Senior Health and Wellbeing Specialist
Leeds, Manchester or London preferred but flexible for right candidate
£33,203 – £37,536 per annum + London weighting of £4,426 if applicable
CAFCASS
Charities Experienced (non manager) jobs in Sheffield
Advice Experienced (non manager) jobs in Sheffield
Housing Experienced (non manager) jobs in Sheffield
Development Experienced (non manager) jobs in Sheffield
Housing services Experienced | 965 |
St. Tammany Parish Volunteering
A Message from Our President/CEO
At 48, Joseph, a Veteran of the United States Navy found himself homeless and embarrassed about his situation. With no family or friends to help him with his struggles, he lived in his car—but that changed with a little help from our Veterans programs.
In support of the evidenced-based Housing First model, Joseph was placed into transitional housing within two weeks of contacting us. Shortly thereafter, with support of our Veterans Reintegration Program, he found a full-time job. With a<|fim_middle|> the National Alliance to End Homelessness conference, First Lady Michelle Obama acknowledged our efforts saying, "After Hurricane Katrina,Volunteers of America...shifted their focus to getting veterans into permanent housing as quickly as possible. And in thelast three years, they've already helped morethan 400 veterans across the state of Louisiana."
Volunteers of America Southeast Louisiana | sense of confidence, dignity and purpose, Joseph is now putting the pieces of his life back together. He recently called to thank the staff for caring so much about homeless Veterans.
Volunteers of America has been a leader in providing comprehensive services for homeless Veterans for many years, and has been recently recognized for our work. At | 64 |
The EnGenius Neutron Series EWS7952FP is a 48-Port Layer 2 Gigabit PoE Layer 2 Managed Switch with 4 Dual-Speed SFP ports ideal for Wireless Access Points, VoIP (Voice-over-IP) phones, and IP surveillance applications. Its Gigabit ports support IEEE 802.3at/af PoE and can supply up to 30 Watts per port for a total PoE budget of 740 Watts. As part of an EnGenius Neutron Series wireless management solution, the EWS7952FP through its browser-based GUI (Graphical User Interface) can discover, configure, manage and monitor up to 50 Neutron Series Wireless Access Points. The controller mode of the Switch provides a suite of wireless management features for IT managers to configure Neutron Series Access Points. Features include grouping Neutron Series Access Points in clusters with identical policies, Access Point IP Auto-Discovery, remote Access Point rebooting for hard-to-reach / previously deployed units, and a host of visual monitoring features including topology and floor plan view modes for the mapping out and tracking of networks. The controller also features a statistics<|fim_middle|> updates. | section for record traffic tracking and comparison between units or over-time comparisons. The interface also lets IT managers apply configuration changes to multiple Neutron Series Access Points on the network simultaneously. A dashboard provides instant access to a variety of clients, network information, and events, while a real time map displays Access Point locations and network topology for planning and deployment. The EWS7952FP offers 48 Gigabit ports with IEEE 802.3at/af (PoE ) support and 4 SFP slots for fiber uplinks. The 48 Gigabit ports provide seamless connectivity for devices and applications that require high speed network access and reduce bottleneck situations that can interrupt communication. The 4 SFP slots accept fiber transceivers for extending the wired network beyond the limitation of Ethernet cabling with fiber cabling. This becomes especially useful for schools with satellite classrooms, hotels and resorts, and other larger multiple building properties. Managing the wired portion of the network is also easy using the same browser-based interface. The Switch supports IEEE 802.1p QoS which automatically classifies and prioritizes compliant device traffic to ensure that time sensitive data such as VoIP is forwarded without delay. The EWS7952FP includes bracketing hardware for mounting into a switch rack. Product Highlights (48) 10/100/1000 Mbps Gigabit Ethernet PoE Ports; (4) SFP Ports 19" Rackmount Supports 802.3af/at PoE & Total Budget of 740W 4 Types of In-Switch Network Management Options Network Troubleshooting, Monitoring & Email Alerts Full-Featured Layer 2 Switches with WLAN Controller Built-In EnGenius' Neutron Gigabit Managed PoE Switches are a powerful, full-feature platform capable of managing up to 50 Neutron Managed Access Points. Available in 8-, 24- and 48-port Power-over-Ethernet-capable models, Neutron PoE Switches offer enterprise-class features, simplified network configuration, monitoring and robust management options. Neutron Gigabit Managed PoE Switches provide future expandability for broader device connectivity and redundant management between Neutron APs and ezMaster Network Management Software with it SmartSync Redundancy feature. Doubling as a switch and a wireless network controller, Neutron Switches give IT administrators visibility into all Neutron connected devices. Group equipment with the same settings and policies and apply them automatically for streamlined management | 512 |
Phoenix Suns search for accountability after boos rain down in 22-point loss to the Nets
Duane Rankin
The Republic | azcentral.com
As Caris LeVert stole a pass and finished with an uncontested dunk in the game's final seconds Tuesday night, Suns fans once again booed in disgust.
Devin Booker couldn't blame them.
"I'd be doing the same thing if I was up there," he said.
Coming off a two-point thriller over Memphis won by Booker two nights earlier, Phoenix looked to build off that momentum and take care of Brooklyn.
The Suns instead played with a lack of energy and effort and got romped, 104-82, before 14,205 disappointed fans at Talking Stick Resort Arena.
"It sucks man," Booker said. "We thought last game would be our step forward. We definitely took as step back tonight. We didn't protect home court. Came in here. Got blown out in front of our fans. It's embarrassing."
The Suns (2-8) know they blew an opportunity to build off that win.
"We were talking about making progress and trying to take a step forward going into this game and we definitely didn't do that," Suns first-year coach Igor Kokoskov said." We make three steps backwards. Focus wasn't there. Body language wasn't there. Effort wasn't there."
Suns rookie Deandre Ayton said the team, which had Monday off after Sunday's 102-100 win, was in good spirits and had good energy before Tuesday's game.
They pretty much followed the same routine as before beating Memphis. Ayton said Booker gave a pregame speech with a simple message.
" 'We know what we did to get that win, let's do it again,' " Ayton said about the gist of Booker's talk. "Basically effort, defense and being together."
Then Phoenix came out lacking energy and effort, entered halftime down 10 – and it got worse.
"We all just have to bring the same energy," Suns forward Richaun Holmes said. "Want to compete night in and night out. It's going to be times things don't go our way, but our energy and effort can never be in question. That's something we have to bring every night. It's a requirement."
Brooklyn (5-6) is the wrong team to play with low energy and effort. That's what the Nets hang their hat on. If an opposing team doesn't match that, the Nets will beat them.
The Suns didn't help matters by shooting<|fim_middle|> more weight than anyone else.
Holding himself accountable will help his words stick to his teammates, but how Phoenix responds Thursday against Boston will give an early indication of how they share the accountability duties.
"It's not personal," Booker said. "It's just trying to win games."
Ayton is trying to find his role in the offense.
He took just four shots Sunday. At one point, Ayton had the much-shorter Garrett Temple on his hip under the basket and kicked it out to Ryan Anderson for a corner 3 he missed.
Ayton said it is in his nature to be unselfish, but he should've tried to score on that possession and others.
Kokoskov says there's a fine line between being aggressive and working within the offense. So Ayton ended up taking 13 more shots Tuesday, but made only six in scoring 15 points.
He shot from mid-range probably more than Phoenix fans would like, but Ayton said he can knock that down. He missed his share Tuesday, but he practices it all the time and has nailed his share in games.
After Tuesday's game, Kokoskov said Ayton needs to be more aggressive in those situations when teams back off him when at the free-throw line.
"Put the ball on the floor and try to dunk it," Kokoskov said. "Be more decisive."
Ayton countered that idea by asking what he can do in that spot.
"If somebody is under the rim, and you're at the free-throw line, where can you really go?" Ayton said. "He's right above the charge circle. So, there's really no room."
Ayton plays at a pace and flow and doesn't attack all the time, even in the post.
He's very patient, almost to a fault. He often gets the ball in the high post and waits on curler to hand it off. If that isn't there, he turns, faces and looks to pass or shoot the jumper.
So maybe the answer is going to him down low more, but then that's playing through him, not Booker.
There's a happy medium somewhere. Phoenix must find it.
Unlike most of the Suns, Holmes brought his usual effort and it led to a double-double of 13 points and 10 rebounds with four coming on the offensive glass.
"I'll take five guys that play like that with a lot of effort and that's all of us, myself, too, and each one of us in this locker room," Booker said.
Holmes not only plays with energy, it's filled with intensity. Phoenix needs that to become contagious.
Not ready yet?
TJ Warren returned from having back spasms that kept him out of Sunday's game.
He didn't look ready to go.
Appearing stiff just running up and down the court, Warren ended up with no points on 0-of-5 shooting.
Back injuries are always tricky. Having a game every other night doesn't help the situation, either.
Keep an eye on how the Suns move forward with Warren.
Final line
Suns shot 19 of 56 (33.9 percent) from inside the 3-point line.
Former Suns center Tyson Chandler joins Los Angeles Lakers
First-time coaches Igor Kokoskov, Nick Nurse of Raptors on opposite ends early
Suns still looking for stability at point guard | just 34.6 percent from the field. Booker shot just 6-of-21 in scoring a team-high 20 points.
"Booker was the main focus for us," said LeVert, who scored a game-high 26 points. "We just tried to make every shot tough, every catch tough."
Phoenix did cut what was once a 15-point deficit down to five in the third, but Brooklyn responded with an 11-3 spurt to go up 74-60 with 2:18 left.
The Nets got six of those points on 3s from LeVert and Dinwiddie off Phoenix turnovers. For the game, Phoenix had 20 turnovers that led to 21 Brooklyn points.
"We're just more active," Brooklyn coach Kenny Atkinson said. "We talked about that in the offseason, improving our activity."
Activity aside, truth be told, Brooklyn just took advantage of perhaps Phoenix's most glaring weakness.
Add the lack of effort and energy, and it shouldn't be a surprise the fans were booing at game's end.
Booker isn't certain how to make this happen, but he knows the Suns need to establish the type of closeness that allows them to get on each other.
"All good teams have that trust and chemistry where you're able to get on each other and know it's for a better purpose," Booker said. "I don't think we have that right now. We're not comfortable with each other. Step on each other's toes. We don't push each other. I think that's what we need to do."
Ayton has an idea of how do to that.
"Know who to yell at, know who not to tell at," Ayton said. "Know who to encourage. There's certain guys on the team, you curse them out, you're basically cursing with them. That's what amps them up. Cuss me out. Like, why you not on me? Some guys, you have say, 'Come on man, let's go, let's go.' "
Part of this is Phoenix just got embarrassed at home. Players are going to vent.
It happens, but they've got younger players and older ones trying to mesh on a losing team.
They may take defeat differently, but Kokoskov wants a unified effort, regardless.
"We need each other," he said.
Booker sees holding people accountable as an "all-around thing," not an individual thing.
He says every team has more than one leader. True, but he's the face of the franchise.
What Booker says carries | 535 |
Carol Marine: Finding her own small way in the big art world
February 5, 2015 / Bob Keefer / Comments Off on Carol Marine: Finding her own small way in the big art world
Carol Marine in her studio
Carol Marine is one of the best-selling and least known artists in Eugene. A painter of small, colorful landscapes and still lifes, Marine works out of a home studio, sells her work exclusively online, and moved here only four years ago from Texas.
Her current production is the result of years of experimentation that began with studying art in college – something of a mistake, she says now – and selling large paintings in conventional art galleries, which also didn't work that well for her.
But now, by combining her own approach to art – creating small, colorful and realistic paintings – with self-marketing through the web, she's managed to turn art into a stable career.
Born in Montana and raised in Texas, though her voice betrays not the slightest bit of twang, Marine, who is now 36, wanted to be an artist for as long as she can remember. "Art was the one thing I was always good at," she said. "And when I did it, I lost all sense of time."
She studied art at the University of Texas at Austin, where she discovered – this was the late 1990s – that the version of art taught at universities had little to do with the paintings she wanted to make. The art her<|fim_middle|>ists, two standing ovations at Oregon Mozart Players concert tonight
All in the family: Art meets journalism, and cards | professors wanted was conceptual, brittle, rooted in political theory and personal crisis. Marine just wanted to make wonderful paintings.
"The reason I'm giving you Cs is that I want to hear about some kind of childhood trauma when you talk about your art," one professor told her. "You need to make some kind of political statement."
Marine survived her art education, though, and now – looking back – credits the university with at least teaching her to work thoughtfully in a studio for long stretches at a time.
Some of her small, brightly colored paintings
After she graduated in 2000, she realized how little she knew about being a professional artist. She had never seen a painting demonstration in class. She hadn't heard a lecture on value or composition in painting. "We would just have these long group critiques," she said.
Worse, she hadn't had any classes on the business of art. "They would laugh at you if you said you wanted to make a living at art," she recalls of her teachers. ""That meant you were a sellout."
Marine married her husband, David, before graduating in 2000. Once done with school, she told him she was going to get a job to support her painting. He said no. "I really believe in you," he told her. "Someday, you'll be supporting me. So just go paint."
With spousal support of a kind that many artists only dream of, she began painting every day, turning out large canvases that took her weeks to finish – the sort of thing she had learned to do in school. Months and years went by, and she was only barely selling her work. One day she realized: "I'm following my dream. And it sucks, big time."
She decided to go to beauty school.
David told her to give art one more shot. She turned out 10 paintings in six months – and found a gallery in Austin.
That wasn't the pot of gold at the end of the rainbow, though. Soon, she had her work in seven galleries – and, in her best year, made only $15,000, before expenses.
About that time she and her husband adopted an infant. Carol stayed home to take care of the baby, but found herself with free time each day while their son napped. She began painting – small paintings, just a few inches on a side. A size of painting she could complete during a single nap.
She discovered that her art progressed much faster by producing many small paintings than by doing a few large ones.
"In the six months of doing these paintings, I learned more than I had in the five years before that," she said. "I thought, 'What do I have to lose?' So I really let loose. And now it's been eight years I've been doing this."
"This" means not just creating a blizzard of small paintings – landscapes and still lifes, primarily – but marketing them well online.
Carol caught the early wave of the online daily painting movement, and she and her husband created their own membership artists' website, DailyPaintworks.com, that now has 1,400 members. Participating artists pay a flat fee of $12.95 a month for listing works and a 3 percent commission on auction sales.
The downside to finding her artistic metier? Too much enthusiasm.
Marine is a bit of a workaholic. "I felt like I needed to be in the studio painting eight hours a day, five days a week," she said. "I got so burned out that the thought of a paintbrush made me cry. I finally promised myself I would never ever paint when I didn't feel like it."
She's given up galleries, and now sells her work exclusively online, through auctions and straight sales at her Daily Paintworks website, CarolMarine.com.
"I pulled out of all my galleries three or four years ago," she says. "I was having to hassle them for money, and I was making three or four times as much online."
Online art sales, she believes, can only grow as the art-buying public becomes more comfortable with that marketplace. "Small paintings will always sell better online, and larger ones will sell better in galleries," she says. "People want to see something in person if they're going to pay big money for it. My opinion anyway.
The Marines moved to Eugene, where David had previously lived, after their home in Texas – along with the brand-new studio David had just built for her – was burned to the ground in a wildfire in 2011. No one was injured, but virtually everything they owned, including her paintings, was gone in a moment.
"I'd lived in Seattle for a year in high school and fell in love with the Northwest," she says. "We didn't want to live in a small town or a big city. Eugene has been a great fit for us."
Two young solo | 1,017 |
Adobe Teams Up With Akamai To Tackle Video Ad Insertion Blips
by Kelly Liyakasa // Tuesday, April 14th, 2015 – 4:23 pm
Buffering video isn't a great experience, but what is its impact on ads?
Networks still face challenges when placing ads against over-the-top (OTT) content, which is one of the reasons why Adobe Primetime and content delivery network Akamai are partnering on a new tool to link Adobe's ad-insertion technology directly<|fim_middle|> OTT viewership increase 350% YoY increase in 2014. There were 2.7 million live streams of opening day Major League Baseball games alone. This volume supports findings that TV Everywhere viewership is starting to surpass linear viewing, said Jeremy Helfand, VP of video solutions for Adobe.
"When you think about some of the early advertising experiences consumers had, they'd see five pre-rolls before they even got to the content," Helfand said. "If you were trying to load multiple players onto a device, they wouldn't always talk to one another, which is why you'd see that little buffering symbol where the screen would just break. And who likes that?"
Helfand argued that traditional network infrastructure simply wasn't suited to the needs of modern ad loads. While broadcasters traditionally used ad servers that wrote code at the client level for each individual platform (iOS and Roku, for instance), server-side integrations expedite the process and enable multiplatform ad insertion.
These new integrations force broadcasters to retool their infrastructures.
"Initially, we saw everyone focus on the delivery component, and now we're seeing this nascent OTT advertising experience start to improve, and address creative and the resiliency of the experience," Helfand said. "Ultimately, we will look at what is the right balance of ads and content, and how do we do things like competitive separation."
Turner Broadcasting is using Adobe and Akamai's joint server-side technology to ensure its live TV app CNNGo is wired for breaking news events and can weather surges in viewership.
Additionally, CNNGo can more easily support the ad experience when new devices like Apple TV or Chromecast come on the market, by reducing development overhead for engineers who would otherwise be writing code for each individual platform.
"We hit this tipping point where people were expecting so much more from the viewing experience, and we needed to hit a benchmark in terms of what we're able to deliver online in quality of experience," said John Bishop, CEO of Akamai's business solutions group. "The way the data flows now is smarter routing than what we've done in the past." | to Akamai's server-side plug-in, announced Tuesday.
Adobe Primetime saw | 17 |
BBE - Bible in Basic English
DRB - Darby's Translation
NAS - New American Standard Bible
NIV - New International Version
NKJV - New King James Version
NLT - New Living Translation
NRS - New Revised Standard Version
MSG - The Message Bible
YLT - Young's Literal Translation
21 keep yourselves in God's love as you wait for the mercy of our Lord Jesus Christ to bring you to eternal life.
< 3 John 1Jude 1Revelation 1 >
Other Translations of Jude 1:21
21 Keep yourselves in the love of God, looking for the mercy of our Lord Jesus Christ unto eternal life.
21 keep yourselves in the love of God, waiting for the mercy of our Lord Jesus Christ that leads to eternal life.
21 staying right at the center of God's love, keeping your arms open and outstretched, ready for the mercy of our Master, Jesus Christ. This is the unending life, the real life!
21 and await the mercy of our Lord Jesus Christ, who will bring you eternal life. In this way, you will keep yourselves safe in God's love.
Matthew Henry's Commentary on Jude 1:21
Commentary on Jude 1:17-23
(Read Jude 1:17-23)
Sensual men separate from Christ, and his church, and join themselves to the devil, the world, and the flesh, by ungodly and sinful practices. That is infinitely worse than to separate from any branch of the visible church on account of opinions, or modes and circumstances of outward government or worship. Sensual men have not the spirit of holiness, which whoever has not, does not belong to Christ. The grace of faith is most holy, as it works by love, purifies the heart, and overcomes the world, by which it is distinguished from a false and dead faith. Our prayers are most likely to prevail, when we pray in the Holy Ghost, under his guidance and influence, according to the rule of his word, with faith, fervency, and earnestness; this is praying in the Holy Ghost. And a believing expectation of eternal life will arm us against the snares of sin: lively faith in this blessed hope will help us to mortify our lusts. We must watch over one another; faithfully, yet<|fim_middle|> other, and set a good example to all about us. This must be done with compassion, making a difference between the weak and the wilful. Some we must treat with tenderness. Others save with fear; urging the terrors of the Lord. All endeavours must be joined with decided abhorrence of crimes, and care be taken to avoid whatever led to, or was connected with fellowship with them, in works of darkness, keeping far from what is, or appears to be evil.
More Commentaries for Jude 1
John Darby's Synopsis
The Geneva Study Bible
John Gill's Exposition of the Bible
Jamieson, Faussett, and Brown
B. W. Johnson's Bible Commentary
Matthew Henry Bible Commentary (complete)
Wesley's Explanatory Notes
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Article Images Copyright © 2023 JupiterImages Corporation. | prudently reprove each | 6 |
To say that Galicia has a new delight around every corner is probably a bit of an exaggeration, but on our last visit my harmless 'Why don't we take a drive to....' turned into a bit of an adventure.
We'd got an hour<|fim_middle|>grada was nothing spectacular, in fact it was a bit industrial. We didn't even stop for a coffee as we re-set the satellite navigation for Taramundi and headed off to our next appointment, arriving over an hour later than planned.
Perhaps we are starting to adopt the Spanish ways?
This entry was posted in Local Life and tagged Galicia, Roads, Sanxes. Bookmark the permalink.
Interesting tale. I have to ask; what was your point of origin? Google maps show signs located at 31 N-640 A Pontenova with distances of 51 km to A Fonsegrada and 7 km to Taramundi. Those wood sculptures are very remarkable. Thanks for the photographs.
Some of the buildings have narrow, fully enclosed balconies on the first floor; necessary I guess, because the town is 3166 feet above sea level. Following the LU-741 out of the town downhill, I noticed a snowflake on a sign, indicating the winters are probably quite intense. I look forward to tracing other routes you take around Galicia.
Thanks for the response. We started our journey just the Taramundi side of the new bridge across the river in A Pontenova so didn't see any distance signs. We suspected it was a short drive, not 51km along twisting roads, but enjoyed the journey anyway.
You are right, we probably didn't do it justice as we just drove through looking for the best route back to Taramundi. We definitely didn't see any slugs. | to burn, a tank full of diesel, and an urge to explore.
I saw a signpost for Fonsegrada which sounded nice. I remembered someone mentioning it in the past but had forgotten the context, but as it was on a local signpost I thought that it must be fairly close.
The long, deserted and winding roads, brilliant for driving, stretched ahead up the mountainside and we set off to find new treasures. Ten miles into the journey the thickly forested roads opened out to a clearing as we entered the village of Sanxes, and open-mouthed were forced to stop, marvel at the skills of some local artist and take photos.
Both sides of the road were lined with massive wooden carvings of figures, grottoes, toadstools and weird faces. It was a delightful roadside artist studio, the enchantment enhanced by low-lying mist and the eeriness of deathly silence in appeared to be a deserted settlement.
After investigating we continued on our journey to Fonsegrada, which turned out to be 50km from our origin and took an hour to reach along the winding roads, through hairpin bends, and avoiding precipitous drops. The novelty had soon worn off.
Fonse | 253 |
The HDPE textured geocell geosynthetic cellular confinement system is a matrix of lightweight, expandable and flexible thermoplastic strips that are ultrasonically bonded to form a strong, dimensionally stable and inert honeycomb structure.
The HDPE textured geocell is honeycombed three-dimensional grid structure which is welded by high-strength HDPE sheet. The geocell is easy to stretch. It can be folded<|fim_middle|>ell important feature is can solve and complete a variety of difficult problems which can't be dealed with use conventional method in geotechnical engineering,such as bridge jumping, soft base subsidence, fouling, landslides and desert subgrade.
1.Stable the roadbed of highway/railway.
2.Bear the load of dyke, retaining wall.
4.Support the pipeline and sewer.
5.Used as independent wall, wharf and breakwater, etc. | up when transport and opened to fill the earth or concrete when use it.
The cushion can be placed in the required position accordance with the requirements of the project for Reinforcement of roads, railways and soft soil foundation, slope protection, green structure, the construction of retaining walls and so on.
The HDPE geoc | 63 |
Last April, I received a letter from a lady who had come into possession of a 50 yard bolt of linen – for which she had no use. The width is 36 inches. 'Would I be interested in purchasing it?' The linen is quite old. So, I asked for a sample – and I bought the bolt.
The antique linen came to me in the original wrapper with a postmark of October 24, 1958. This linen is 55 years old!
So, I began doing all the things I do in order to see what it is and how it works and what it's good for.
This linen is soooo lovely!
The shrinkage factors are right in line – perfectly reasonable<|fim_middle|> linen would also be good for use with shadow work embroidery – see below.
I would think that this linen would be of interest to people who are experienced in linen-making; who have the experience to be interested in linen 'the way it used to be'.
The cost for this special linen that is in very limited supply is $35/yard. | .
It's the weight and the finish that were most interesting.
This is old linen! The looms on which it was woven – 55 years ago! – were different than the looms used today and that difference shows in this linen. While the yarns are the same thickness and appear to be woven more densely than the linen I offer, the linen is lighter in weight than my usual linen. It's very soft; it feels silky. This linen feels like batiste but it's more dense than batiste. These contradictory characteristics must be the effect of different looms.
The linen I purchase today has sizing added to it. 'Back in the day', I guess they didn't have sizing. Instead, the antique linens were treated to a chintz finish. This linen has a chintz finish – which washes out readily.
I would not use this lovely for fair linens or credence cloths; it's too soft. It's perfect for small linens. It's softness and body also makes it perfect for gowns and dresses for babies – especially baptismal garments. It's a better weight than batiste. We have a generational family baptismal set – gown and petticoat with lace tatted by great-grandmother – worn by father and children. It's framed in my daughter's house – awaiting our next generation of babies!
This | 282 |
Der Náměstí Republiky (Platz der Republik) ist ein verkehrsreicher Platz an der Grenze zwischen der Prager Altstadt und der Prager Neustadt mit einer Vielzahl von Sehenswürdigkeiten und Einkaufsmöglichkeiten. Er ist nicht scharf begrenzt. Unter dem Platz befindet sich der gleichnamige U-Bahnhof.
Heuwaagsplatz
Der Heuwaagsplatz (Senovážné náměstí) war das wirtschaftliche Zentrum des unteren, nördlichen Teils der Prager Neustadt. Der mittelalterliche Heu- und Strohmarkt wird im Allgemeinen mit dem heutigen Heuwaagsplatz gleichgesetzt.
Laut Wilfried Brosche ist es jedoch wahrscheinlich, dass der Heumarkt in ähnlicher Weise wie der Rossmarkt (der heutige Wenzelsplatz) geplant war. Danach bildete die heutige Hybernergasse (Hybernská ulice) die südliche Begrenzung des Marktes. Sie wurde als erste Straße der Neustadt schon um 1379 gepflastert (strata lapidae) und erhielt so ihre<|fim_middle|> Palladium, das im Jahr 2007 im Gebäude der alten Josefskaserne eröffnet wurde.
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Platz in Prag
Platz in Europa
Prager Neustadt | ältere Bezeichnung Pflastergasse (Dlážděná ulice). Der Markt verlief entlang einer alten Straße nach Kuttenberg (Kutná Hora) und war die Hauptverbindung in Richtung Osten. Den oberen Abschluss bildete das Berg- oder Veitstor (Horská brána) in der Ummauerung der Neustadt.
Hyberner-Haus
Das untere Ende des ursprünglichen Heumarkts lag im Bereich des heutigen Platz der Republik. Auch hier ließ Karl IV. ein Kloster errichten, das heutige Hyberner-Haus (U Hybernů). 1355 siedelte er Benediktiner des Mailänder Ritus an. Kloster und Kirche wurden dem heiligen Ambrosius geweiht zum Gedenken an die Krönung Karls zum König der Lombardei am 5. Januar desselben Jahres, die im Mailänder Dom, dessen Bischof der Heilige im 4. Jahrhundert gewesen war, vorgenommen wurde.
Auch diese Kirche wurde während der Hussitenkriegen zerstört. Nach 1483 siedelten sich böhmische Franziskaner an. Ab 1630 wurde das Kloster südlich des alten Standortes von irischen Franziskanern (Hybernern) neu errichtet. Die neue Marienkirche baute wahrscheinlich Carlo Lurago 1652–59 als Klosterkirche. Unter Joseph II. wurden das Kloster 1786 und 1790 auch die Kirche säkularisiert und als Theater genutzt. Erneut wandelte sich die Gestalt des Gebäudes 1808–11 durch Umbau zu ein Zollamt, wobei der Turm verloren ging. Das Hyberner-Haus ist eines der ganz wenigen klassizistischen Gebäude der Stadt und der markanteste Vertreter des Hochklassizismus. Die ehemalige Kirche wurde 1940–42 und nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg bis 1949 in einen Ausstellungssaal umgebaut.
Pulverturm
1475 wurde durch den Baumeister und Steinmetz Matthias Rejsek mit dem Turmbau begonnen. Im Jahre 1484 wurden die Arbeiten unterbrochen, da König Vladislav II. seinen Regierungssitz vom Königshof in die Prager Burg auf den Hradschin verlegte. 1875 bis 1886 wurde der Turm durch Josef Mocker umfassend restauriert.
Königshof und Gemeindehaus
An der Stelle des Gemeinde- oder Repräsentationshauses (Obecní dům) stand am Ende des 14. bis zum Ende des 15. Jahrhunderts der Königshof als Residenz der böhmischen Herrscher. Nachdem Wenzel IV. mehrere Häuser an der Stadtmauer der Altstadt erworben hatte, ließ er den Königshof errichten, in den er 1383 aus der Prager Burg übersiedelte. Erst unter Vladislav II. Jagiello wurde die Prager Burg wieder ausgebaut und der Hof siedelte ein Jahr nach dem Prager Volksaufstand von 1483, in dem die Rathäuser gestürmt und die Stadtältesten umgebracht worden waren, in die Burg zurück.
1631 richtete Erzbischof Ernst Adalbert von Harrach hier ein erzbischöfliches Seminar ein. Die St.-Adalbertskirche entstand 1694–1696. Ab 1777 wurde der ehemalige Königshof als Kaserne mit Kadettenschule genutzt und 1903/04 abgerissen.
Zwischen 1906 und 1912 entstand an seiner Stelle das Repräsentationshaus oder Gemeindehaus im sog. Sezessionsstil, in dem am 28. Oktober 1918 die Souveränität der Tschechoslowakischen Republik proklamiert wurde.
Einkaufsmöglichkeiten
Beim Bau des Kaufhauses Kotva (dt. Anker) wurden 1971 bei archäologischen Ausgrabungen Reste der St.-Benedikt-Kirche (gebaut etwa 1233) und der dazugehörigen Deutschordensritterkommende sowie Teile der gotischen Stadtmauer der Prager Altstadt angetroffen.
Ferner befindet sich am Platz das Einkaufszentrum | 1,064 |
The Army–Navy Screen Magazine was<|fim_middle|> Signal Corps under the supervision of director Frank Capra. The Private Snafu series was designated classified and were produced by Leon Schlesinger Productions/Warner Bros. Cartoons, UPA, MGM, and Harman-Ising Studio.
A Tale of Two Cities was an Army–Navy Screen Magazine film that tells about the destruction and death caused by atomic bombs dropped on the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan, on August 6 and 9, 1945. An eyewitness account by Jesuit priest Father John Seimes, who had been on the outskirts of Hiroshima, was included. The short film was produced in 1946 by the United States War Department as issue number 74 of the series.
References
Articles containing video clips
World War II and the media
Short film series | a bi-weekly short film series which was shown to American military personnel around the world during World War II. It included a newsreel and a cartoon of Private Snafu. Originally titled The War when first released in May 1943, it was renamed after ten episodes. A total of fifty issues were produced until early 1946 by the Army | 76 |
<|fim_middle|>45 years | Our History.
The Chamber of Commerce Brazil-Canada (CCBC) is a private, non-profit private sector organization founded in 1973. For 48 years, it has been an important liaison, bringing together individuals, companies, public and private institutions from various areas in both countries.
The Chamber's extensive network of relationships and long-standing expertise are the basis of strong trade promotion work in the Brazilian and Canadian markets, including exports, imports and investments. The initiatives also include the finance, infrastructure, education, technology and innovation, culture, gastronomy and social areas.
To achieve the objectives of stimulating, supporting and expanding bilateral relations, CCBC counts on a team of highly qualified professionals, specialists in different fields of activity and ready to present customized solutions to the demands of the members. We are constantly producing unique market studies, mapping trends and identifying business opportunities, as well as surveying potential suppliers, buyers and partners.
An effective communication system and the modern physical structure available to the members complete the service offer. The dissemination of information takes place through several vehicles, such as Revista Brasil Canadá, the digital newsletter, podcasts, specific publications and social networks. The physical facilities of CCBC allow seminars and business meetings, organized by the Chamber, or by partners, and available for use by members.
Innovation and pioneering, strong brands of CCBC since its foundation, led to the creation in 1979 of the Center for Arbitration and Mediation (CAM-CCBC), the first center in Brazil specialized in the administration of alternative dispute resolution methods (ADR). The CAM-CCBC serves companies from different countries with technical independence and confidentiality, and occupies a prominent position in the world industry scenario.
CCBC was founded, in São Paulo. With only 3 employees, the facility was in a gallery with two rooms on Augusta Street, downtown.
Change of facilities to Av. Faria Lima, in the south zone of São Paulo. Creation of the Arbitration and Mediation Center (CAM-CCBC).
CAM-CCBC growth after the promulgation in Brazil of the Arbitration Law 9.307.
CCBC stands firm and establishes itself as a neutral body and seeks a fair and balanced trade relationship. Chamber has its performance praised by public and private bodies of the two countries.
Because of the visit of the Canadian Prime Minister Paul Martin to Brazil to begin a revitalization of bilateral relations, CCBC reinforces the position as interlocutor of the entrepreneurs.
CCBC moves to Rua do Rocio, in Vila Olímpia, São Paulo.
CCBC expands its facilities to about one thousand square meters on three floors of the Rua do Rocio building.
An extensive work of repositioning of all its activities and services begins. The Doing Business in Canada project promotes its first two major commercial missions of Brazilian entrepreneurs to Canada, one in the home utilities (UD) and the other in coffee. Both are highly successful and start a series of multisectoral activities.
Launch of the new corporate visual identity of the Chamber, solid and at the same time innovative, reflecting its new positioning and services.
CCBC starts to act more intensely in other Brazilian markets. Regionalization advances across cities and states. Chapter Chapter opened.
Process of expansion of the activity in the Canadian territory gains strength, with a greater internationalization of the actions and membership. In the facilities in São Paulo, inauguration of a new auditorium, with capacity for 90 people.
CCBC completes 45 years, with about 70 dedicated employees, a series of successful projects and partnerships with public and private agencies in both countries. In further expansion of its physical structure, the Chamber occupies a space of approximately 1.8 thousand square meters, distributed over four floors of the Rua do Rocio building.
Videos | Testimonies | 780 |
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Shipping Services from Singapore
Joesline posted a topic in Shipping and Removals
Hi, I would like to check if there is anyone here residing in Singapore currently and also doing the big move to Australia? If there is, I would appreciate some help to provide some recommendation for shipping services. Thanks.
Free extra baggage allowance for migrants (40kg)
Guest posted a topic in Travel
I think someone asked recently which airlines offer extra free baggage allowance for those migrating. I asked the question to Singapore airlines, here is their answer.. Note visas must be permanent resident status:- "Kindly note, if you hold an unused/unstamped/not validated migrant visa that specifically states that you are permitted to remain in Australia / permanently for flights departing from London/Manchester you will then be entitled to our migrant baggage allowance (i.e. 40 kilos per seat paying passenger) This baggage allowance will only be granted when you check in at the airport when this visa is sighted and checked that it has also not been travelled on before, this has to be the first time it is being used. You can have as many items of checked luggage as you wish provided: • The total combined weight of all the items put together does not exceed your total checked allowances • No single item of baggage exceeds 32 kilos in weight, as a health and safety requirement If you are not holding the correct visa mentioned above at check-in, then you will be entitled to the standard free checked baggage allowance of 30 kilos per seated passenger. For reference, for flights between the United Kingdom and Perth the excess baggage charge is USD 85.. Per kilo which is approximately GBP…66… per kilo. Please note excess baggage is charged at check in on your day of departure using the applicable currency exchange rates for that day. We hope the above information helps . Thank you for choosing Singapore Airlines."
baggage alliwamce
When Am I Eligible To Migrating To Australia
jieqin posted a topic in Visa Chat
Hi guys, I'm from Singapore, I am 22 this year. I am currently serving the army, planning to study in a local university - SIT, Digipen to acquire a Bachelor In Computer Science and Game Design. I am due to complete my Bachelor in 2020. I've went through the Visa list and found that in order to migrate to Australia - I would like to stay in Melbourne, I can only apply the Subclass 189 (Correct me if i'm wrong). I've been through the Skilled Occupations List and found that Software Engineer is within the list. But just when I'm excited that I'm eligible to apply in the future, I did the points test. I believe i'm only able to acquire 55 points out of the required 60. 1. Age - 25-32 (inclusive) : 30 Points 2. English Language Ability - Proficient English - person has a score of 7 or more in the English Language Testing System (IELTS) in each of the four test components (This is just assumption) : 10 Points 3. Education - At least a Bachelor degree, including a Bachelor degree with Honours or Masters, from an Australian educational institution or other degree of a recognised standard. (My local Bachelor should be recognised) : 15 Points And... That's about it? I am unable to attain the 60 points. The only way I see is that i work at least 3 years in Singapore to attain an additional 5 points. By then, I would be 30 years old. Is that recommended? Also, I intend to migrate together with my girlfriend, who is currently in her first year, studying in a similar Bachelor - Bachelor in Computer Science and Real-time Interactive Simulation from SIT, Digipen. If this information is relevant? Any kind souls around to point me in the right direction?
Perth - Singapore Via Cruise, Leaves 8th July 2014., seeking room sharer
ab80 posted a topic in Travel
Hi all, I am returning to the UK permanently, and am going back via cruise and train to take a very long way home. I am wondering if anyone out there is interested in room sharing on the cruise from the 8th July, it takes 12 nights to get to Singapore. Cost for the room is around $6K (balcony room) including all food and some soft drinks (alcohol is extra). It is a one way cruise only and you would need to fly back or arrange accommodation in Singapore. about me: 33 years old, female, professional, polite, English, non smoker, non snorer! If you are interested please get in touch, Thanks Angela
Singapore weather
TurnersInOz posted a topic in Travel
Hi there. It's less than a month to go, before we leave the UK - excited! Were doing a stopover in Singapore, staying on Sentosa Island for 4 nights/5 days. We have three children, 13, 5 and 10 month. I would love to hear what activities people think are worth a visit? Places to eat? etc Also what weather to expect? I have a weather app on my phone and Singapore has been thundery showers for the last fortnight - do we take raincoats and umbrellas instead of bikinis and shorts!? Thanks :biggrin:
Issue with getting medicals done in Singapore, Clinics are not able to find TRN in their System
changetherules posted a topic in Visa Chat
Hi All, I have applied Skill Select - 189 subclass migration visa from Singapore. I have been asked to go for Medicals by case officer. I called medical panels in Singapore and gave my TRN number them to verify and book the appointment. Unfortunately, none of the panel is able to find my TRN in their system. What should I do now? (I have requested case office to provide HAP-ID 5 days back, but I have not received any response from her so far.). Please guide me. I am also not able to select medical Panel from "Arranging Health....", I am getting below error -> Warning Your request can not be processed this time. Please try again later, I am trying on this link since last 6 days but it's behaving the same... Really it's frustrating.. (EOI- 03/09/2012, CO assigned - 3/11/2012.)
skill select
Visitor visa needed for Singapore stopover?
Guest posted a topic in Aussie Chat
Hi - does anyone know if we are required to obtain a Singapore visitor visa/pass for a 2 day stop over on way to Oz ? Thanks in advance for any help. Michele & Ian
Flying to WA
Hi, Just been granted my WHV and plan to fly out in January 2013. I am thinking of staying a few days to stop off before I get to Perth. Any advice would be great. I am thinking of stopping in either Thailand, malaysia, singapore or hong kong. I am quite flexible about it all and have looked into flights, accommodation etc. cheers, Ian.
fly in fly out
Double baggage allowance Singapore airlines
Guest posted a topic in Shipping and Removals
> Thank you for your email. > > Please be advised, if you hold an unused/unstamped/not validated migrant visa that specifically states that you are permitted to remain in Australia indefinitely / permanently, you will then be entitled to the double baggage allowance (40 kilos, per passenger). > > The double baggage allowance will only be granted when you check in at the airport when this visa is sighted and checked that it has also not been travelled on before, this has to be the first time it is being used. > > You can have as many items of checked luggage as you wish provided: > > The total combined weight of all the items put together does not exceed your total checked allowances > No single item of baggage exceeds 32 kilos in weight, as a health and safety requirement > > If you are not holding the correct visa mentioned above at check-in, then you will be entitled to the standard free checked baggage allowance of 20 kilos per passenger. > > Yours Sincerely, Hi all, Yesterday I emailed Singapore airlines to double check that we will get 40kg of baggage allowance when we fly to oz. We just bought a regular one way ticket, we bought it online. I also spoke to them yesterday - to request this email confirmation, and they said I didn't even need the email, that the check in staff would automatically grant the extra on seeing the visa, but it is nice to have something to wave under their noses just in case! Anyway I just thought I would pop their reply in here, for all to see. X >
Singapore to Cairns Direct Flights
The Pom Queen posted a topic in Travel
Direct flights from Singapore to Cairns are set to resume after a six-year hiatus. The last direct flight from Singapore to Cairns was operated by the Qantas-owned Australian Airlines in June 2006. An announcement will be made at the state government's Destination Q conference in the far north Queensland city next week and it is understood that Jetstar will operate the new flight. Tourism Tropical North Queensland chief Rob Giason says there's been a lot of speculation the service might resume. "I'm not aware of any pending announcement but we've been working to re-develop a direct link with Singapore, it's certainly one of our key goals in aviation," he told AAP. Mr Giason said direct flights from the tourist hub would bring immense benefits. "Not only for the opportunity of linking with Europe and the UK, but also the growing Chinese and Indian markets," he said. Mr Giason would welcome government support of the service initially, as "stimulus" to get the market moving. Queensland Tourism Minister Jann Stuckey says the government's $8 million attracting aviation investment fund is wooing a number of new airlines and working on expanding existing services. "Discussions with Jetstar are ongoing and therefore commercial confidence remains in place," she told AAP on Monday. "However, the government is hopeful of a positive outcome." Jetstar would not confirm an announcement was pending. "Jetstar is often assessing different route options as part of our growing network and we never add weight to one option over another by commenting on speculation about where we might fly next," it said.
Penal Clearance from Singapore
Hi, all. I have stayed in Singapore between Jul 2007 and Jan 2009 thus I need a penal clearance from there for my 856 application. It is shown on Singapore Police website that a Penal Clearance is only available for Singaporean Citizen which I am not. I have sent the print out of the website with a Statutory Declaration to DIAC and advised by the C/O that it is not enough. She wants the penal clearance and even provides me an appeal letter. I tried to call and email police in Singapore but no one answers/replies. Just wondering whether there is anyone have had the same thing happened and how to solve it
Pan Pacific and Conrad Centennial Hotels - Singapore
llessur posted a topic in Travel
The OH and I are getting busy planning our trip out to Oz next year and are hoping to treat ourselves to a 4 or 5 night stopover in Singapore along the way. We've looked at quite few hotels but two that tickle our fancy are the Pan Pacific and Conrad Centennial. Trip Advisor speaks pretty highly of these, I just wondered if any PIO members had any personal experiences with either - or if anyone had any other suggestions. Looks like there's plenty to see and do in 4 days but does anyone have any recommendations for things to do in Singapore whilst we're there that we might have missed? Also, taxis to and from the city - are they fairly easy and cheap to get or is there a better way (assuming our hotel doesn't have a transfer service)? Cheers all! The excitement's building now - I've just told my boss I'm off next year... :shocked:
Singapore Airlines & Changi Airport, Singapore.
I thought I would commence a thread on Singapore Airlines, it would be great if members could also add their wealth of knowledge to the thread also.. and update where applicable. http://www.singaporeair.com/SAA-flow.form?execution=e1s1 Joining KrisFlyer https://www.singaporeair.com/en_UK/ppsclub-krisflyer/registration-form/ Babies and Children Seat Policy... Please see the end of this post A380 Seating Configeration.. http://www.seatguru.com/airlines/Singapore_Air/Singapore_Air_Airbus_A380.php Special Needs @ Changi Airport http://www.changiairport.com/at-changi/facilities-and-services/special-needs THE WORLD'S 5-STAR AIRPORTS Hong Kong International Seoul Incheon Singapore Changi Airport Ambassador Transit Hotels If you are transiting in Singapore Changi Airport, you can check the flight information displays at the airport for details of the departure terminal of your connecting flights. Information is also available at the Transfer Desks located at the departure transit areas. Transit Hotel For a short rest after a long flight, just book a room at the Transit Hotels if you are transiting in Terminal 1, 2 or 3. You don't have to clear Immigration to get to the hotels. Terminal 1 - Tel: (65) 6542 5538 (is being upgraded until the end of 2011) Terminal 2 - Tel: (65) 6542 8122 Terminal 3 - Tel: (65) 6507 9788 Visit the Transit Hotel webpage. http://www.harilelahospitality.com/transit_hotel_roomrates.html Exchange rates .... http://www.xe.com/ucc/ All Prices here are quoted in Singapore Dollars and conversion rate to be found in the above link Connecting to different terminals Customers connecting to flights at another terminal may use the Skytrain to get to the next terminal. The Skytrain operates from 5.00am to 2.30am daily. During non-operating hours, passengers can use the free shuttle bus to travel between terminals. Please refer to map below for more details. Swimming Pool Location Operating Hours Terminal 1, Departure Transit Lounge Level 3, Ambassador Transit Hotel Tel: (65) 6542 5538 0700hrs to 2300hrs daily Charge SGD $13.91 nett for non-hotel guests. Price for use is inclusive of pool usage, shower, basic toiletries and a non-alcoholic drink. (Approx. GBP 6.96) Swimming Pool Enjoy the relaxing ambience of the Balinese-themed swimming pool and poolside area operated by Harilela Hospitality Pte Ltd. Passengers staying at the Ambassador Transit Hotel may use the pool and jacuzzi for free. Otherwise, a small fee of $13.91 is charged to non-residents for the use of the swimming pool and jacuzzi, including the use of the shower facilities, a towel and a complimentary non-alcoholic drink from the bar. Showers Just arrived from a long-haul flight? Pamper yourself with a well-deserved shower. Locations Operating Hours Terminal 1, Departure Transit Lounge Level 3, Ambassador Transit Hotel Tel: (65) 6542 5538 24hrs Terminal 2, Departure Transit Lounge Level 3, Ambassador Transit Lounge Tel: (65) 6214 1778 24hrs Terminal 3, Departure Transit Lounge Level 3, Ambassador Transit Lounge Tel: (65) 6507 9798 24hrs Charge SGD $8.56 nett for non-hotel guests Price for use is inclusive of basic toiletries and a non-alcoholic drink. (Approx GBP 4.30) Gymnasium Work out<|fim_middle|> CHILDREN POLICY Do I need to reserve a seat for my infant? Children up to two years old (24 months), are not required to have their own seat. You must, however, inform Singapore Airlines that you will be traveling with an infant on your lap. Only one lap child is allowed per adult. If one adult is traveling with more than one infant under two years of age, contact Singapore Airlines as special arrangements are required. You can also choose to purchase a seat for your infant as long as you have the proper child restraint device. Will I pay for my infant to travel domestically? Contact Singapore Airlines for more information. Will I pay for my infant to travel internationally? Yes, a child under two years old (24 months) is usually charged 10% of an adult fare plus taxes, even if the infant will be on the lap of another passenger for the flight. What if my child turns two on the trip; will I have to buy a ticket for the return flight? Yes, a ticket will have to be purchased for any flight on which the infant will be over two years old. What types of child restraint devices are allowed? The use of booster seats is prohibited. Approved car-type child seats may be used for children under three years but not less than six months of age. The seat must be forward facing and can be secured to an aircraft passenger seat by means of an aircraft safety belt. It must also be approved under one of the following foreign airworthiness authority / government standards: United Kingdom (UK) Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) of the United States of America as meeting the Technical Standard Order TSO-C100b; or seats that have two markings: "This Restraint is Certified for Use in Motor Vehicles and Aircraft" in red lettering and "This seat conforms to all applicable Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS)". European Safety Standard requirements of United Nations ECE Regulation 44 (UN/ECE 44). Canadian Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (CMVSS) No. 213 titled "Child Restraint Systems" or CMVSS No. 213.1 titled "Infant Seating and Restraint Systems". Australian/New Zealand design standard AS/NZS 1754 for infant car seats. Child harness approved by FAA is also accepted for use on the aircraft. However, not all models may be fitted on our First and Business Class seats. You may wish to contact our Singapore Airlines office for more details. Manufacturing standards and instructions must be provided by the customer to our ground staff and crew for reference. Usage of child car seat and child harness on board is subject to all child safety seat requirements. Both cannot be installed on seats in the emergency exit rows as well as the rows immediately before and after it. What infant amenities are available on the aircraft I'll be flying (i.e. bassinets, diaper changing tables)? Infant amenities vary by aircraft. When you're on the airplane page, look for the Infant Amenity Icon. If it is present, clicking on it will tell you what infant services are available on that airplane. If you do not see it, infant amenities are not offered on that aircraft. You can always contact Singapore Airlines for more information. While a limited number of bassinets are available on board on a first-come, first-served basis, Singapore Airlines recommends that you request a bassinet upon booking to assure easy travel with your infants. The dimensions of the bassinets are 768 L x 298 W x 158 H (mm). Bassinets can support a maximum weight of 14kg. Can I sit in the exit row with my infant? Lap children and infant seats are not allowed in exit rows. In fact, no one under the age of 15 is allowed in the exit rows.
book a hotel now in Singapore or wait till we get there...
millers posted a topic in Travel
We are emigrating to Queensland via Singapore for 3 days in Feb......last time i went to Singapore i went to a hotel information desk inside the airport and just found a hotel through them and they were very helpful.....does anyone know if that desk is still there ? dont really want to just turn up after a long flight and not have anywhere to stay......:err::wub:
Singapore transit hotel, would this work ??
woodymcfc posted a topic in Aussie Chat
Hi all, ok, things coming along here and a little less stressed now everything got packed up by John Masons last week, as you may know we (wife & kids 3&12) fly to Oz on 8th Jan 2012 with a 2 night stopover in Singapore (universal studios visit, got to be done !!!) this is my intentions but not sure if I can do it this way so would like some help if you can, cheers - Fly from Man to Singapore arriving on 9th @ 07:55am in terminal 2 - check in all baggage, all but 1 of cases that we will use in Singapore, at left luggage - spend 2 full days in Singapore - book in at Transit hotel at approx 4:00pm on 11th Jan so we can have a rest prior to our flight at 01:00am on 12th Jan from Terminal 3 to Perth - Arrive in Perth @ 06:20am on 12th Jan all fresh and ready to go !!!!! !!!!!! Now it got me thinking last night when i was looking at the transit hotel and where it is, in the departures transit hall........... - What terminal would be best to leave the left luggage so easier when back in airport and leaving to Perth? - would we have to check in first with the airline? - can we do this with bags at 4:00pm or take the bags to the transit hotel and check in when desk opens? - what would be the situation with immigration at Singapore and going through etc...where are the hotels situated? any ideas ????? thanks Gary -
Anyone flew Quantas to Singapore & Brisbane?
Hi there My husbands company have just booked our flights and we are flying Quantas to Singapore and then on to Brisbane in Feb next yr. Does anyone know the baggage allowance for 1 way tickets ? and any info on Quantas ( are they ok compared to Emirates and Singapore airlines )?:wub:
flew
Man pays $2000 for iPad worth $900 in Singapore
The Pom Queen posted a topic in Chewing the fat
Im sorry but are some people so naive, it's well known you get ripped off in these types of places:no: SINGAPORE - How does one end up paying more than $2,000 for an item that costs only about $900? Filipino client support executive Nicholas Frias, 23, who visited Singapore last month, did. He paid $2,106 for the 64GB iPad 2 with Wi-Fi to a shop in Sim Lim Square. Mr Frias, who arrived in Singapore on June 20, first went to other malls but found that they were sold out He then went to Sim Lim Square around 4pm on June 25. He was, at first, delighted to find out that the 64GB iPad 2 at Mobile Evolution LLP cost $890, before taxes. The same model is priced at $928 at the online Apple Store. The salesman, Eric, then charged Mr Frias another $68 for taxes, and asked $958 for the device. Mr Frias agreed to pay another $28.90 for a warranty which came with a free case and screen protector. Eric then left the shop and returned 10 minutes later with a $1,148 bill that shocked Mr Frias. Apparently, the huge bill was for coverage for two years and the $28.90 quoted was the monthly premium. That added up to a total of $693.60, still $454.40 short of the $1,148 charged. The shop did not state what the additional $454.40 was charged to at that point. They also refused to reduce the warranty period when Mr Frias asked for it. In shock and not wanting to cause any trouble, Mr Frias just signed for it. He ended up paying a total of $2,106.
Flights With Singapore Airlines
bensdad posted a topic in Travel
Hi Just thought i'd share this, was originally planning to fly 6th Dec however we are now booked on 28th Nov and saved £500!!! Details as follows: Manchester - Singapore with 1 hour layover in Munich 2 hours stop over Singapore - Perth Also preferred seating booked for an additional £32 each Grand Total £1292 Well happy with that!
Singapore Transit Hotel
Does anyone know if you have to be in transit to use them. We have to be out of our room at 12 pm the day we fly home but we don't fly until midnight and check in isn't until 8pm, so we are going to be exhausted and have the luggage.
Fingerprints in Melbourne for Singapore Police Clearance
ljwalvin posted a topic in Visa Chat
Hi guys, I'm not sure if any one would be able to help me. My CO recently contacted me and told me to get my documents ready for my the processing of my 485 visa. I was really happy and thought wow end of visa nightmare and I can apply for my 885 soon! Little did I know that 1) the finger prints that I needed for my Singaporean Police clearance expired a while ago and 2)Fingerprints can no longer be done at my local police station and has to be booked through a central hotline!! So anyways to cut a long story short, the next appointment is in a months time in Ballarat and it takes a month on the Singaporean end to get my police clearance sorted. I was just wondering if anyone has been through a situation like that and how it was resolved with the Singaporean police! Im so lost and desperate! Pls advise! ljwalvin
Singapore Airlines transfer to Virgin Blue Domestic
Hiya, we are flying with SIA into Sydney and then have a ticket booked to Hobart with Virgin blue - it was bought in conjunction with the SIA ticket so is a through fare. Just wondering though does anyone know what the policy for transferring from the international to domestic terminal is? I've flown with Qantas before and transferred through and they put you on their own free shuttle service but wasn't sure if Singapore and Virgin have this type of thing in place and I can't seem to find it no matter how much I google! I'm just starting to panic and want to be as prepared as I can be because of course we will have loads of luggage with us, a bike and also my 18 month old and pram! Thanks so much for your help in advance! xx
singapore airlines luggage allowance
i have a spouses visa and read that I was entitled to 40 K Luggage allowance travelling from Heathrow to Perth I received this reply to an email asking for confirmation This is a courtesy email to advise you of the migrant baggage policy for Australia Kindly be advised, if you hold an unused/unstamped/not validated migrant visa that specifically states that you are permitted to remain in Australia indefinitely / permanently, you will then be entitled to additional baggage allowance of 20 kilos, per passenger (adult & child from London/Manchester only). This additional baggage allowance is only granted on your first use of the visa hence our requirement for it to be unstamped, the visa will be verified by our check-in staff on your day of departure. You can have as many items of checked luggage as you wish provided: The total combined weight of all the items put together does not exceed your total checked allowances No single item of baggage exceeds 32 kilos in weight, as a health and safety requirement If you are not holding the correct visa mentioned above at check-in, then you will be entitled to the standard free checked baggage allowance of 20 kilos per passenger. The excess baggage charge London/Manchester to Australia is SGD80.00 per kilo equivalent to GBP40.00 approximately. We hope the above information helps with your enquiry. Thank you for your interest in flying Singapore Airlines. My husband and children who also emigrated to OZ with me only had a 20K allowance as they had Australian passports and not a permanent visa, I took my visa and the email as shown above and wasnt asked to provide proof as the computer showed that I had the visa. My family all had approx 23K in the suitcases the check in pointed out we were over but let us through with no extra charge. The cases we took as personal luggage weighed about 10K and should have b een 7K no one weighed or measured the size of these cases at Heathrow or Singapore. We were very lucky as a guy in the next check in was told to take out 4K that he was over or pay the excess.One unfortunate passenger got the weight allocation wrong and ended up paying 300 pounds for her second suitcase, Be careful and be prepared to pay if you go over.Good luck
Singapore Airlines ticket
I've just been checking the details on our electronic ticket receipt and all our forenames and middle names have been put together. Does anyone know if this is normal or will cause us any problems? Thanks
Singapore online check-in????
JoandJon posted a topic in Travel
OK, I'm stumped.. Got an email last night to tell me online checkin is open for my flight (SQ321 Sunday night from LHR, then SQ227 from SIN) It's supposed to be open 48hrs before flying - yep it's less than that, for the first leg anyway! But it won't let me check in yet - despite getting the email.... It is because the 2nd leg isn't open for checkin yet and I've got to do the two together? Or is there a bug in the website atm?
Do we have to get off in Munich (manchester to Singapore)
Booked flights- woooo!! Going from Manchester to Munich then on to Singapore then Adelaide!! Just wondered do we stay on plane when at Munich? Only there for 1 hour 10 and its same plane/flight number so not sure if we will need to get off or not? Thanks | how you want, when you want right here at our well-equipped gymnasium. Locations Operating Hours Terminal 1, Departure Transit Lounge Level 3, Ambassador Transit Hotel Tel: (65) 6542 5538 24hrs Terminal 2, Departure Transit Lounge Level 3, Ambassador Transit Lounge Tel: (65) 6214 1778 24hrs Terminal 3, Departure Transit Lounge Level 3, Ambassador Transit Lounge Tel: (65) 6507 9798 24hrs Price for use is inclusive of shower, basic toiletries and a non-alcoholic drink. Transpa (Massage, Hair & Nails Be revitalized and set off in style for your next destination, with Transpa's wide range of massage, hair, nail and beauty services at affordable rates. Locations Operating Hours Terminal 2, Departure Transit Lounge South, Level 3, Ambassador Transit Hotel Tel: (65) 6542 2849 1100hrs to 2100hrs daily Terminal 3, Departure Transit Lounge, Level 3, Ambassador Transit Lounge Tel: (65) 6507 9798 1100hrs to 2100hrs daily My Foot Reflexology My Foot Reflexology is a massage center which offers therapeutic massages to the traveller before flights. Relax and de-stress away your physical and mental fatigue with nationally certified therapists with massages that help to ease away discomfort, aches and tiredness.... this can be located @ ... Terminal 3 Departure Transit Lounge Opening Hours : 6.00am - 1.00am Tel : (65) 6242 9110 After immigration Fish Spa & Reflexology Fish Spa & Reflexology offers you traditional therapies handed down from generation to generation, to fun and refreshing fish spa treatments. Soak in the relaxing ambience, breath-taking views and incredible services. This is the perfect pit stop for your travel journey. Fish Spa & Reflexology is the place to relax, unwind, be pampered, nurtured and to put your mind, body and soul in the perfect balance. Relax. Refresh. Rejuvenate. This can be located @ .... Terminal 1 Departure Transit Lounge Opening Hours : 24 hours Tel : (65) 6542 8308 After immigration The Ultimate Spa Foot reflexology, full body massages and facials as well as manicures and pedicures for the well-heeled traveller are offered here. Whether you are looking for moments of therapeutic massage bliss or for a quick beauty fix while on transit, stop by for the ultimate spa experience. This can be located @... Terminal 2 Departure Transit Lounge Opening Hours : 5:30am - 1.00am Tel : (65) 6542 0885 Email : daphne@theultimate.com.sg After immigration Satisfy your cocoa cravings Changi's Guylian Belgium Chocolate Café (Terminal 3) is chock-a-block with cocoa-filled treats, from hot chocolate to truffles and cakes. It's also the only Guylian café to spring up at an airport, serving the sweet stuff 24 hours a day, seven days a week. Medical Services If you feel unwell or require medical assistance while at Changi Airport, you may go to the following clinics, located at: Terminal 1 Raffles Medical Group at Departure Transit Lounge West, Level 2 For more information, you can call (65) 6543 1113 Operating hours: 24 hours daily Terminal 2 Raffles Medical Group at Departure Transit Lounge North, Level 2 For more information, you can call (65) 6546 3815 Operating hours: 6.00am - Midnight Raffles Medical Group at Basement South, Public Area For more information, you can call (65) 6543 1118 Operating hours: Monday to Friday: 8.30am – 5.30pm Terminal 3 Raffles Medical Group at Departure Transit Lounge North, Level 2 For more information, you can call (65) 6241 8333 Operating hours: 6.00am - Midnight Raffles Medical Group at Basement 2 South, Public Area For more information, you can call (65) 6241 8818 Operating hours: 24 hours daily In case of emergency, you can contact the Raffles Medical Group Emergency Hotline at (65) 6543 2223 Pharmacies Pharmacies catering to your prescription needs are located at: Terminal 1 Guardian Pharmacy at Departure Transit Lounge East, Level 2 Terminal 2 Watsons at Departure Transit Lounge North, Level 2 Watsons at Departure Check-in Hall North, Public Area, Level 2 Terminal 3 Watsons at Departure Transit Lounge South, Level 2 Watsons at B2 Mall North, Basement 2 Mobility aids We offer a range of services for passengers who require special assistance. Read on for the services offered and contact us if you need assistance with any of the services outlined here. We recommend that you make your travel plans early to enable us to serve you better. Wheelchair, mobility aids and assistive devices If you require the use of wheelchairs (both manual and electric) or mobility aids (canes, crutches, walkers, mobility scooters etc.), please make your travel plans as early as possible. Please note that the carriage of assistive devices does not count towards your free baggage allowance. Our aircraft are also designed to accommodate your basic needs. They are all equipped with an onboard wheelchair that can be used to shuttle between the seat and the lavatory and have wheelchair-friendly lavatories. Our seats also have movable armrests to facilitate the transfer between the onboard wheelchair and the seat. Please note that we will not be able to offer you seats at the emergency exit row and seats on the upper deck of the Boeing 747-400 aircraft. Butterfly Garden Terminal 3 Departure Transit Lounge, Level 2 The world's first Butterfly Garden in an airport is designed as a tropical butterfly habitat with a profusion of flowering plants, lush greenery and a 6 metre grotto-waterfall. You will see different tropical butterflies species during the different seasons of the year. Visit the educational corners within the garden to gain a deeper understanding of butterflies. Individual enclosures let you witness the breeding and feeding of butterflies at close range. You'll be amazed by the transformation of butterflies from pupae, preparing to take their first flight in the Emergence Enclosure! The garden is also home to a collection of 200 carnivorous or insectivorous plants from about 30 species of Nepenthes - tropical pitcher plants from Southeast Asia, especially Singapore. These plants have adapted to growing in nutrient-poor soils by evolving ways of trapping and 'feeding' on insects and small animals to obtain nutrients. Cactus Garden Terminal 1 Departure Transit Lounge, Level 3 This award-winning garden showcases more than 40 species of cacti and succulents from Africa and the Americas. Have an out-of-the world experience in this forest of surreal plants like the Golden Barrels, Silver Touch, Oldman Cactus, towering Prickly-Pear and giant bottle shaped Club-Foot trees. There is also a collection of massive prehistoric Cycads, towering Euphorbia's and tree-like Dracaenas. Fern Garden & Koi Pond Terminal 2 Departure Transit Lounge, Level 2 Be wowed by the giant Tasmanian tree ferns - Dicksonia Antarctica, which is probably a survivor of the dinosaur era and are known to live for more than 400 years! Landscaped together with tropical tree ferns from the oldest rainforests in the world, the garden also features a wide range of unique ferns like the Birds' Nest Fern, Elephant Fern, Fish-tail Fern, Rabbit-foot Fern and Staghorn Ferns. Be refreshed by the cool green freshness of ferns and swirling waters of the Koi Pond teeming with graceful koi. Orchid Garden & Koi Pond Terminal 2 Departure Transit Lounge (Level 2) Exploding fireworks of colours greet visitors to the Orchid Garden from the massed display of tropical and temperate orchids; colours also reflected in the bright orange, red and yellow koi in the pond. The garden features Spider Orchids, Singapore's famous and enduring hybrid Butterfly Orchids and the fabulous Moth Orchids from the Orchid Island of Taiwan, displayed in a natural setting of rocks or cascading from aged driftwood in a lush tropical landscape of towering Foxtail Palms and unique foliage plants. The garden also features a changing exhibit of rare orchids and seasonal display of Singapore's National Flower - the Vanda Miss Joaquim and Changi Airport's very own - the Dendrobium Changi Airport. Sunflower & Light Garden @ T2 Terminal 2 Departure Transit Lounge, Level 3 It's a sunflower garden by day and then voila! a light-themed garden by night! This is the newly revamped Sunflower Garden at Terminal 2 Departure Transit Lounge, Level 3. Reopened on 16 March 2010 with new design features and walkways, it also boasts new lighting effects and illuminating fixtures to transform the Garden into a Light-themed garden by night (7.00pm - 7.00am, daily). Some of the new exciting features include: Firefly Lights which replicate a "firefly" effect at the garden Illuminated Bamboo Walkthrough featuring bamboo-cast structures placed on both sides of the pathway Award-winning "Aura Seating System" - Aesthetically pleasing and structurally innovative curvy chairs designed for ultimate comfort Custom Designed Lighted Seats placed around the Graden to provide a total visual experience Smoking Areas If you wish to smoke, you can make your way to any one of our Smoking Areas located at: Terminal 1 Departure Transit Lounge West, Level 3 Terminal 2 Departure Transit Lounge North and South, Level 2 Terminal 3 Departure Transit Lounge North and South, Level 2 Outdoor Smoking Area, opposite gate B10, Level 2 Outdoor Smoking Area, next to gate A21, Level 2 Outdoor Smoking Area, next to Silver Kris Lounge, Level 3 Smoking Bars.. See Post 10.. Harry's Bar (Courtesy of Pablo) Children's Playground A place suitable for children aged from 1 to 12 to have moments of fun. This play area is located at: Terminal 1 Departure Transit Lounge West, Level 3 Terminal 2 Next to Family Zone at Departure Transit Lounge North, Level 2 Terminal 3 Next to SATS Special Service Lounge at Departure Transit Lounge Central, Level 2 Outside gate holdroom A16 - A20 at Departure Transit Lounge South, Level 2 Next to water fountain at B2 Mall, Public area Fun for the Kids http://www.changiairport.com/at-changi/entertainment-lifestyle/changi-aviation-gallery Singkids Playsystem Rain or shine, kids can have an endless supply of fun at Singkids Playsystem. The little ones can explore every nook and cranny of this indoor playground, with movable equipments aimed to provide a more exciting and dynamic play environment. Other popular attractions include the Waterfall Tunnel, Spinning Palm Tree, Dancing Balloon and Sky Rider.. this can be located @ ...... Terminal 3 B2 Mall Opening Hours : 11.00am - 11.00pm Games galore Changi airport offers LAN and console games on the Xbox 360 or Playstation 3 at no charge. Plus, in Terminal 2, there are music corners where you can listen to your favourite tunes in comfortable booths. Plane spotter heaven? As well as an close-up view of aircraft pacing down the runway, Changi's Aviation Gallery, which opened in April this year, has hands-on interactive displays and offers an insightful behind-the-scenes look into the airport's bustling operations. A nice touch are the 600 miniature aircraft hanging from the ceiling to show the number of flights handled at the airport each day. (Level 3, Terminal 2 Public Area). 3D Xperience Zone The 3D Xperience Zone is specially designed to be a full interactive experience of cutting-edge design combined with technology, which will amaze and entertain you. Check out the latest Samsung Galaxy Technology showcase featuring the latest and most exciting 3D content and games in the market. Be entertained with a large format display screen, 3D TV, free Internet surfing kiosks, 3D gaming stations, custom built-in speaker seats, and more. There are also fun photo-me kiosks, where you can take a self-portrait and share them via email. Have fun adorning your photos with specially created templates featuring Singaporean icons, making them priceless souvenirs of Singapore and Changi Airport. The 3D Xperience Zone is located at Terminal 2's transit area behind Lee Hwa Diamond Gallery. Movie Theatre Die-hard movie fans will find the Movie Theatres in Terminals 2 & 3 the best place to relax when in transit at Changi Airport. You can enjoy movies of different genres at Terminal 3 or the latest movie screenings on Star Movies at Terminal 2. These screenings are available free of charge for your viewing pleasure. These entertainment hubs are open 24 hours daily and are located at: Terminal 2 Near the Sunflower Garden at Departure Transit Lounge South, Level 3 Terminal 3 Near the Ambassador Transit Lounge at Departure Transit Lounge North, Level 3 Internet Services Staying connected is easy at Changi Airport, with many free and paid options available at all our Terminals. If you have a laptop, simply plug in to our numerous dial-up PC Connection or Ethernet LAN points for free access. You can also use our Free Internet Corners for a quick internet session. If you prefer to surf on the go, you can enjoy free wireless broadband (up to 1Mbps) with Wireless@SG. Simply choose Wireless@SG as your network ID (SSID) and register for an account, and you'll get your password on your Singapore-registered mobile phone. You can also drop by any Information Counter for a temporary account. With your Wireless@SG account, you can enjoy free broadband internet at hotspots throughout Singapore. Recommended Transfer Experiences With our exciting array of facilities, services, shops and dining offerings, you will definitely find something that meets your needs and guarantee an unforgettable transfer experience. Here's our recommendations based on your transit dwell time at Changi Airport. 2 to 3 hours Surf the Internet or send out some emails with FREE Internet services (15 mins) Enjoy a stroll in the world's first Butterfly Garden in an airport at Terminal 3 (20 mins) Get a FREE foot massage at the Foot and Calf Massage Stations (15 minutes) Pick up fantastic gifts from a wide selection of souvenirs, toys, fashion and books (30 mins) Grab a light and healthy meal at Quick Bites (30 mins) 3 to 4 hours Try out a fish micro-massage therapy at the Fish Spa & Reflexology (30 mins) Refresh with a quick shower (20 mins) Have a go at the FREE Xbox 360 and PlayStation® 3 games at the Entertainment Deck (30 mins) Shop at the wide selection of fashion labels, gift choices and lifestyle brands (1 hour) Enjoy delicious gourmet dining at our wide range of restaurants (45 mins) More than 5 hours Join a FREE Singapore Tour and take in the sights and sounds of Singapore, as well as get a glimpse into Singapore's ethnic heritage and tourist attractions. (2 hours) Try out the various cuisine from local, Asian and international dining outlets in the airport (45 mins) Don't miss out on some great buys from our wide range of duty-free products (1 hour) Catch a nap at one of our quiet Rest Areas or check into a napping facility (1 hour http://www.changiairport.com/at-changi/internet-and-business-services/internet-services Visa Requiements for Singapore. Please check your nationality status http://singapore.visahq.com/ VISA APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS FOR ENTRY INTO SINGAPORE FOR UK AND IRELAND British and Irish passport holders do not require visas to visit Singapore for a stay of less than one month, if they have a passport valid for at least 6 months beyond the departure date from Singapore, a confirmed onward return ticket and sufficient funds for their stay in Singapore. Left Luggage Facilities...http://www.changiairport.com/at-changi/facilities-and-services/baggage-services SIA Hop-on bus Boarding Pass Privileges Enjoy complimentary unlimited rides on the SIA Hop-on bus on the Singapore Stopover Holidays (Hotels + Transfers + Attractions). The SIA Hop-on bus is an air-conditioned tourist bus service that lets you hop on and off at any designated stop, allowing you to explore Singapore at your own pace. Now, with the Sentosa Rider, visiting Sentosa has never been easier! Operating from 9am to 9pm daily, this bus service allows you to hop on and hop off at designated stops within walking distance of ethnic districts, major attractions, shopping malls, restaurants and entertainment hot-spots. Handy onboard maps enable you to embark on a personal adventure of discovery on foot and rejoin the bus whenever you please. Free Singapore Tour If you are transiting in Singapore and have at least 5 hours to spare before your connecting flight, you can register for a 2 hour sightseeing tour of Singapore, with a choice of a Colonial Tour or Cultural Tour. Registration is based on first-come-first-serve basis and are subject to entry visa requirements stipulated by the Immigration & Checkpoints Authority. Certain conditions apply. Registration timing and operating hours Tour timings 7.00am to 3.15pm, daily (Terminal 2) 7.00am to 3.00pm, daily (Terminal 3)9.00am, 11.00am, 1.00pm, 3.00pm, 4.00pm (All tours are conducted in English) Swing by any of our Free Singapore Tour booth located at: Terminal 2 Near the escalators to North Arrival Immigration and Skytrain station at Departure Transit Lounge North, Level 2 Terminal 3 Next to Transfer Lounge B at Departure Transit Lounge North, Level 2 Note: If you are at Terminal 1, please proceed to Terminal 2 for registration. *Please see Post No 37 for Frequently Asked Questions At Changi Airport SINGAPORE AIRWAYS | 3,954 |
Tedes<|fim_middle|> NYC
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Billy Strings channels Grateful Dead ESP shows with Deja Vu…
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Matisyahu to stream Festival of Light Hanukkah shows from… | chi Trucks Band Spends February 2018 in Northeast
Blues/JazzThe NortheastTour Announcements
By Dave Ostroff On Nov 9, 2017
Throughout the entire month of February, the Northeast will be part of the Tedeschi Trucks Band's 2018 tour. Dates include two chances to see them at the Capitol Theatre (Feb. 20 – 21), two shows at the Count Basie Theatre in Red Bank, NJ (Feb. 13 – 14) and one show in FM Kirby Center in Wilkes- Barre, PA (Feb. 8).
Pre sale tickets are available now for all of these shows (no password needed) but TTB warns fans that although pre sale tickets will sell out quickly, there will be more than enough available through public on-sale. Dates for public sale tickets are as follows:
Wilkes- Barre: Thursday, Nov. 9 at 10 a.m.
Red Bank: Friday, Nov. 10 at 10 a.m.
Port Chester: Friday, Nov. 10 at 12 Noon
As of now, it seems that they will continue to tour with their most recent studio album, Let Me Get By – It's unclear if they'll be flaunting any new work being their most recent album release is a live collection from their performance at The Fox Theatre in Oakland California.
Feb.8 – Wilkes-Barre, PA – FM Kirby Center
Feb. 13 – Red Bank, NJ – Count Basie Theatre
Feb. 20 – Port Chester, NY – Capitol Theatre
Capitol TheatreCount Basie Theatrefm kirby centerMusic NewsnewsNews DeskTedeschi Trucks BandTour Announcement
Dave Ostroff 102 posts 0 comments
Dave is a writer and musician from Trumbull Connecticut, focused on a number of reporting styles including newspaper and automotive writing, but with a deep love for the music industry. He graduated from Southern Connecticut State University with a degree in Journalism and Music studies, participating in the S.C.S.U. radio station as well as working with the Trumbull Times. His the his eclectic taste and knowledge of music history and theory gives his writing makes for a unique look at concert and album reviews.
A 20th on The Eleven: Dark Star Orchestra Celebrates a Milestone
The Other Brothers CD Release Party Meets Sold-Out Crowd in | 508 |
Els esports d'equip són disciplines realitzades entre grups de persones amb l'objectiu comú de superar al contrincant, utilitz<|fim_middle|> del món:
Més de 10 jugadors per equip
Futbol
Futbol americà
Futbol australià
Futbol gaèlic
Hoquei sobre herba
Rugbi a 15
Rugbi a 13
Beisbol
Cricket
Lacrosse
Bandy
Shinty
Joc d'estirar la corda
De 3 a 10 jugadors per equip
Bàsquet
Corfbol
Curling
Fistbol
Futbol sala
Handbol
Hoquei sobre gel
Hoquei sobre patins
Motopolo
Netball
Polo
Ultimate
Voleibol
Xinlone
Waterpolo
De parelles
Joc de pilota (també esport individual)
Bàdminton
Pàdel
Tennis de taula (també esport individual)
Tennis (també esport individual)
Voleibol platja
Jorkyball
Referències
Jesús Ariño i Rossend Bernabarre. Educació física. Tercer i quart cursos d'ESO. Ediciones del Serbal. Barcelona. Projecte Olimpia 4. 2009. | ant un sistema de puntuació per a decidir l'equip guanyador. Necessiten la compenetració dels diversos membres de l'equip per aconseguir un bon resultat, es creen estratègies i planificació de jugades en comú, però també es treballa la tècnica individual per ajudar el rendiment del grup.
Hi ha valors molt importants que es potencien amb la pràctica esportiva de grup com la participació, cooperació, sacrifici, solidaritat, sentit de grup, progrés i superació que, a més a més d'ajudar el grup, faciliten el desenvolupament individual de cada membre de l'equip.
Els esports d'equip acostumen a utilitzar estris per aconseguir el seu objectiu. Majoritàriament s'utilitza la pilota (futbol, bàsquet, rugbi...) però també cintes, sticks, aros, patins, rems..
Poden ser classificats en funció del nombre de components de cada equip. Aquests són alguns dels esports d'equip practicats arreu | 271 |
"We walk by faith, not by sight." That phrase has echoed through the ages. For Jennifer Rothschild, the words are much more than a verse in the Bible; they reflect how she lives her life. They represent a foundation upon which many life lessons have been learned… in the dark.
At the young age of 15, Jennifer was diagnosed with a rare, degenerative eye disease that would eventually steal her sight. It was more than a turning point,<|fim_middle|>. Philip Rothschild, and their diva dog, Lucy. | as her dreams of becoming a commercial artist and cartoonist faded while words and music replaced her canvas.
She is the author of 16 books and Bible studies, including the best-selling Lessons I Learned in the Dark and her most recent resource, the DVD-based Bible study Psalm 23: The Shepherd With Me (LifeWay). Jennifer is also the founder of Fresh Grounded Faith events for women. She resides in Springfield, Missouri with her husband of 30 years, Dr | 97 |
Bottlenecks. Every company has them. What we don't think about is the cost of each and every one of them. But think about it…the time it takes to elevate decisions and get all of the information from those who know, communicate the response, and perhaps justify it, all while doing other responsibilities takes too long and can be costly. The cost is more than just time itself; it's an increase in frustration and a decline of motivation.
Depending on the size of the company, the executive team's responsibility is to set the direction of the company and ensure the right resources are in place to execute the vision. But all too often, we see senior leaders spending far too much time working in the business; not on the business. Decisions are elevated to the leadership team when many, if not most of them, should have been the responsibility of others on their team.
So why does this happen? Managers and leaders are taught to delegate. Which they do…tasks. They delegate tasks; not decisions. Tasks and/or projects are much easier because the final decision ultimately still lies with the leader. Decisions that have to be elevated to a senior leader often take too long and, much like the telephone game we all played as a kid, the message is often distorted from the original.
So it's time to get serious about delegating. We're talking creating<|fim_middle|> taking the decision back? Do they know your expectations? Are they not capable? Do they not have the confidence? Any one of these answers requires a change, both for you and them.
Meet with others to communicate the changes in decision rights. Explain your expectations. Find out from them what they believe they need in order to move forward with these rights. Do they need you to communicate to others the change in decision authority? Do they need parameters as they (or you) gain confidence? You may choose to roll a few out at a time, or all at once. It all depends on the skill level and level of decision being made.
Find a way to develop your team's decision-making skills. Facilitate their thinking process. Ask who else should be involved in making various decisions. Help them determine courses of action if they run into roadblocks with other areas of the company.
We recommend monthly one-on-one, two-way discussions about goals, performance expectations, behaviors, roadblocks, and other feedback. This is a good time to ask what decisions your team feels they could be making that you are currently handling. This will help open your eyes to opportunities for more delegation, and maybe even some training.
This process, to one degree or another, should happen at all levels and with each employee. As people gain knowledge and skills, rights may be expanded. The talent in your organization is your most valuable asset. Give them the freedom. Unlock the potential and watch the positive impact on your organization.
Do any of these symptoms look familiar? Maybe it's time for some Leadership Development!
Looking for more articles on Leadership? Click here! | decision rights for people.
First, determine what decisions only you should make. Be honest. Only you. Be careful not to fall into the trap of believing that your judgement is better than someone else's. Look at the role and purpose of the position you hold. Make a list of rights you must keep to deliver on your purpose and commitments.
Second, list the decisions others should be making. Determine the role(s) or position(s) that should be making each one.
Then ask yourself, "Why aren't they?" It is because they don't know they should? Do you end up somehow | 120 |
An elderly woman became trapped after a collision with a pickup truck and trailer on FM 463 near the intersection of CR 6715 between Devine and Natalia this past Tuesday, January 29. The road had to be shut down for approximately 4<|fim_middle|> broke in half and her vehicle was wrapped up in the cable. Thankfully it wasn't a live line," said firefighter Derrick Caddell.
Thankfully everyone was okay, and as always we are so grateful to our volunteer firefighters who are ready to answer calls like this in which the woman was trapped inside her vehicle due to the driver's side door being smashed and caved in. | 5 minutes as first responders pried the vehicle open to free the driver and cleared the scene in which cables were draped across the roadway from a utility pole.
"An elderly woman pulled out onto FM 463 where she collided with a truck and trailer hauling goats. She spun out, striking a utility pole which | 63 |
We help storytellers tell stories.podcasters create podcasts.interviewers review interviews.people share ideas.
About Sonix: We love stories
Help us build a world where stories and ideas are easily created and shared.
The Sonix Story
We believe that communication is the most important building block for society. It's the foundation of all human relationships. Communication comes in many forms, but we believe that telling stories is the best way to convey a message.
Stories have life to them. They influence, they inspire, they evoke all kinds of emotions, and most important, they take you through an experience. Experiencing is much more powerful than simply consuming.
Helping people tell stories and loving every second of<|fim_middle|> 700,000 customers, and a $2.5 Billion market cap. Before joining Xero, Jamie was the youngest executive at Sage running its small business unit which became the fastest growing business in North America. He also co-founded a taxi-hailing app called TaxiNow that was subsequently acquired. In his spare time, Jamie can be found surfing, golfing, or picking up toys.
David Dat Nguyen
Chief Experience Officer & Co-Founder
David combines humor with design and a creative use of technology to create memorable experiences for our users. If you run into any problems, he's typically the one we blame.
David joined Gusto (formerly ZenPayroll) as Employee #1 and led the design team. He helped grow Gusto to 420 employees, reach over 40,000 small businesses, and develop a financial services product with an NPS consistently over 72. Before Gusto, David was a professional photographer and had an 8 year career in Internet Advertising when he co-founded two companies. In his spare time, David can be found at the gym, drinking wine, or eating chocolate ice cream—not all at the same time.
Chief Technology Officer & Co-Founder
Stephen fearlessly leads our engineering team and is responsible for Sonix's underlying technology. He usually forgets to dress up.
Stephen started his career at a nuclear power plant in Knoxville, TN. Shortly after, he moved to SF to switch to a career in his favorite high school pastime—writing software. He spent some time at Pivotal Labs working with other start-ups before joining Gusto (formerly ZenPayroll) as Employee #2. At Gusto, Stephen led the payroll engineering team and helped scale its payroll operations nationwide. In his spare time, Stephen enjoys long bike rides through Sonoma, learning to sail, and is the social media manager for his dog: Friday.
Reid A. Long
Transcriptologist
Reid pretty much does whatever he wants. He particularly loves working from home.
Reid's storied career is too long to list here. He's interviewed many famous celebrities and collaborated with many popular brands such as Coppertone, Persol, and Titleist. Reid is a daydreamer at heart and uses it to unleash his creative side. In his spare time, Reid is a mountain biker, an avid golfer, and loves a good pina colada. His favorite candy is Twix and he loves to share.
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© 2021 Sonix, Inc. Made with in San Francisco | it
We admire great storytellers and want to help them get their stories told. Our mission is to create the most delightful experience for people to create, consume, and share their stories. If we can do that, we believe more amazing stories and ideas will be heard across the globe.
The Sonix Leadership Team
Jamie Sutherland
Chief Executive Officer & Co-Founder
At Sonix
Jamie drives our vision, strategy, and growth. His love for customers is only superseded by his affection for chocolate.
Prior to Sonix
Jamie is a seasoned software executive and company builder. He led the US expansion for Xero helping the company raise over $250M in capital, reach | 141 |
1 Men, brethren, and fathers, hear ye my defence which I make now unto you. 2 (And when they heard that he spake in the Hebrew tongue to them, they kept the more silence: and he saith,) 3 I am verily a man which am a Jew, born in Tarsus, a city in Cilicia, yet brought up in this city at the feet of Gamaliel, and taught according to the perfect manner of the law of the fathers, and was zealous toward God, as ye all are this day. 4 And I persecuted this way unto the death, binding and delivering into prisons both men and women. 5 As also the high priest doth bear me witness, and all the estate of the elders: from whom also I received letters unto the brethren, and went to Damascus, to bring them which were there bound unto Jerusalem, for to be punished. 6 And it came to pass, that, as I made my journey, and was come nigh unto Damascus about noon, suddenly there shone from heaven a great light round about me. 7 And I fell unto the ground, and heard a voice saying unto me, Saul, Saul, why persecutest thou me?8 And I answered, Who art thou, Lord? And he said unto me, I am Jesus of Nazareth, whom thou persecutest. 9<|fim_middle|> or desires? What aspects of your story can people who don't yet know Jesus most relate to?
May 27, 2017 in DailyDevo, P-52. | And they that were with me saw indeed the light, and were afraid; but they heard not the voice of him that spake to me. 10 And I said, What shall I do, Lord? And the Lord said unto me, Arise, and go into Damascus; and there it shall be told thee of all things which are appointed for thee to do. 11 And when I could not see for the glory of that light, being led by the hand of them that were with me, I came into Damascus. 12 And one Ananias, a devout man according to the law, having a good report of all the Jews which dwelt there, 13 Came unto me, and stood, and said unto me, Brother Saul, receive thy sight. And the same hour I looked up upon him. 14 And he said, The God of our fathers hath chosen thee, that thou shouldest know his will, and see that Just One, and shouldest hear the voice of his mouth. 15 For thou shalt be his witness unto all men of what thou hast seen and heard. 16 And now why tarriest thou? arise, and be baptized, and wash away thy sins, calling on the name of the Lord. 17 And it came to pass, that, when I was come again to Jerusalem, even while I prayed in the temple, I was in a trance; 18 And saw him saying unto me, Make haste, and get thee quickly out of Jerusalem: for they will not receive thy testimony concerning me. 19 And I said, Lord, they know that I imprisoned and beat in every synagogue them that believed on thee: 20 And when the blood of thy martyr Stephen was shed, I also was standing by, and consenting unto his death, and kept the raiment of them that slew him. 21 And he said unto me, Depart: for I will send thee far hence unto the Gentiles. 22 And they gave him audience unto this word, and then lifted up their voices, and said, Away with such a fellow from the earth: for it is not fit that he should live. 23 And as they cried out, and cast off their clothes, and threw dust into the air, 24 The chief captain commanded him to be brought into the castle, and bade that he should be examined by scourging; that he might know wherefore they cried so against him. 25 And as they bound him with thongs, Paul said unto the centurion that stood by, Is it lawful for you to scourge a man that is a Roman, and uncondemned? 26 When the centurion heard that, he went and told the chief captain, saying, Take heed what thou doest: for this man is a Roman. 27 Then the chief captain came, and said unto him, Tell me, art thou a Roman? He said, Yea. 28 And the chief captain answered, With a great sum obtained I this freedom. And Paul said, But I was free born. 29 Then straightway they departed from him which should have examined him: and the chief captain also was afraid, after he knew that he was a Roman, and because he had bound him.30 On the morrow, because he would have known the certainty wherefore he was accused of the Jews, he loosed him from his bands, and commanded the chief priests and all their council to appear, and brought Paul down, and set him before them.
Jesus, help me this week to trust You more. Help me to be who You want me to be every day. Lead me to others who desire to know You more, and give me Your words to speak to them. Let my life please You, and if there is anything in me that is not pleasing to You – help me to identify it and remove it.
Why did Paul begin his defense with "men and brethren" (Acts 13:26; Romans 9:1-3)?
What was Paul appealing to? What did Paul tell the crowd about his Jewish background?
What should have been especially impressive?
Why must our righteousness be through Christ and not through the law (Romans 10:1-4)?
What does Paul conclude about anyone who tries to be righteous through the law (Galatians 3:10-14)?
Why do you think Paul told his own story instead of preaching a sermon?
In 1 Peter 3:13-16, how does Peter tell us to respond if we are treated badly even though we have been "zealous for good?" Was Paul "always ready to give an answer to those that ask?" Are you?
What key events or experiences have most significantly shaped your life? What was your life like before following Christ?
What or whom did God use to begin to open your eyes to His reality?
How did you begin to understand the gospel and what aspects of it were particularly powerful to you initially?
How has knowing Jesus affected your life, relationships, attitude, | 1,059 |
If you are ever over at Mountain just east of Kemptville, you have to stop in at Smokie Ridge Vineyard and winery established in 2007 where Paul 'Smokie' Leblanc, his wife Debbie and their family, grow cold hearty hybrid grape varietals and make a wonderful range of wines.
Riesling – new this year from Niagara grapes and 2 hybrid varieties, it was clear and bright with aromas and taste of citrus and apple, refreshing acidity, good mouthfeel and a fruity replay on the clean finish.
2<|fim_middle|> donated to date! He is also President of Eastern Ontario Wine Producers consisting of 16 producers covering all of Eastern Ontario. They are working with the Ontario government for designation as 'Cold Hearty Hybrids Region', and with Tourism to develop a wine map for the region which will also reference and partner with Quebec wineries in the Outaouais. | 014 Smokie's Leblanc – using Louise Swenson and Frontenac Gris and some Vidal, it was pale golden in colour with a nose and taste of pear and green apple, balanced acidity and dry fruity finish.
2012 Over the Ridge Chardonnay – pale golden colour, fermented in French oak barrels and blended with Frontenac Blanc after 10 months. Smoke on the nose, yellow tree fruit palate with vanilla notes, medium bodied with oak spice and integrated balanced acidity.
2012 Rosie Cheeks Rosé – using oaked Frontenac Noir for colour, Louise Swenson, Frontenac Gris and Frontenac Blanc, it is salmon coloured with a unique and very pleasant nose reminiscent of apple compote, refreshing acidity, it would be a great match with blue cheese. Complex for a rosé!
2015 Cabernet de Montagne -using Frontenac Noir and Sabrevois, it is light to medium bodied, semi-opaque from skin extraction upon fermentation, fruity: ripe cherry, black currant and a touch of residual sweet ripe berries; a touch of oaky smoke from the Sabrevois which matches crackers and Smoke n' Burn Haico hot sauce (another local product).
2015 Soldier's Pride Red – Sabrevois, Frontenac Noir with 8% oaked Merlot, this series (they have Soldier's Pride White too) blends both oaked and unoaked versions of these grape varietals from 2 different vintages resulting in a medium to full bodied and smooth textured wine with rich cherry and plum aromas, a touch of pepper and a clean fruit replay in the dry and medium long finish. Bring on the red meat!
Paul's handle "Smokie' originated from his days as a paratrooper in the Canadian Forces and 15% of Soldier's Pride series wines goes to Wounded Warriors with over four thousand dollars | 405 |
Freedom of Information Law Appellate Court Opinion
AC42496 - Lindquist v. Freedom of Information Commission (Administrative appeal; Freedom of Information Act (§ 1-200 et seq.); whether trial court properly concluded that Freedom of Information Commission did not abuse its discretion in finding that redacted records were exempt from disclosure under statute (§ 1-210 (b) (1)); "The self-represented plaintiff, Richard Lindquist, at all relevant times, a tenured professor<|fim_middle|>Rev. to 2015) § 1-214, and chapters 563 and 563a of the General Statutes, (2) the trial court improperly concluded that the commission properly applied § 1-210 (b) (1) and (e) (1) of the act to the records at issue, (3) the trial court improperly rejected the due process claim raised by the plaintiff, and (4) the commission failed to comply with General Statutes §§ 1-210 (b) (2) and 10a-154a. We agree, in part, with the plaintiff's second claim, as it relates to § 1-210 (e) (1), that he is entitled to judgment in his favor requiring the disclosure of the final individual comments and ratings by the committee members that were delivered to the dean of the University of Connecticut School of Medicine (dean), and, accordingly, we reverse the judgment of the trial court and remand the case to that court with direction to render judgment for the plaintiff. In light of our resolution on the basis of the plaintiff's second claim, we need not reach the plaintiff's other claims.")
Administrative Appeal Law,
Freedom of Information Law, | at the defendant University of Connecticut Health Center (health center), appeals from the judgment of the trial court dismissing his appeal from the final decision of the defendant Freedom of Information Commission (commission), in which the trial court concluded that the commission correctly dismissed the plaintiff's request for certain documents of the health center relating to his annual performance review. On appeal, the plaintiff claims that (1) the trial court failed to consider whether the commission failed to apply various provisions of the Freedom of Information Act (act), General Statutes § 1-200 et seq., including General Statutes §§ 1-200 (6), 1-210 (b) (2), 1-213 and 1-225, and General Statutes ( | 157 |
The Sea of Grass is a 1936 novel by Conrad Richter. It is set in New Mexico in the late 19th century, and concerns the clash between rich ranchers, whose cattle run freely on government-owned land, a prairie "sea of grass", and the homesteaders or "nesters", who build fences and try to cultivate the soil for subsistence farming. It is an epic portrayal of the end of the cowboy era in the American Southwest on the Great Plains.
Against this background is set the triangle of cattle rancher Jim Brewton, his wife Lutie Cameron from St. Louis, and Brice Chamberlain, an ambitious local federal judge. Richter casts the story in Homeric terms, with the children caught up in the conflicts of their parents. The novel is narrated through the eyes of Hal, Colonel Brewton's nephew.
Plot summary
Reception
The book was well received and contributed to establishing his reputation as a historical novelist.
Adaptation
The novel was adapted in 1947 as a film of the same name, directed by Elia Kazan and starring Katharine Hepburn and Spencer Tracy. Disappointed with production decisions, such as the use of stock footage of the Plains rather than allowing the film crew to<|fim_middle|> into films
Novels set in New Mexico
Novels by Conrad Richter
1936 debut novels | go on location and overly refined costuming for Hepburn, Kazan was displeased with the film. He discouraged others from seeing it. However, it was popular and became the greatest moneymaker of the several Hepburn-Tracy films.
References
1936 American novels
Alfred A. Knopf books
American novels adapted | 71 |
Historické minipříběhy a kuriozity jsou cyklus osmiminutových dokumentů s hranými prvky připravený Českou televizí.
V letech 2009 – 2010 bylo natočeno 26 dílů ve dvou řadách, každá o třinácti dílech. Herci Klára Vojková, Jiří Suchý a Miloslav Tichý postupně představili nepříliš známá místa ze šesti krajů České republiky prostřednictvím příběhů a kuriozit. Kraje, které se do projektu prvních dvou řad přihlásily: Středočeský, Karlovarský, Plzeňský, Liberecký, Jihočeský a Moravskoslezský.
Realizační tým shroma<|fim_middle|>eny.
Seznam dílů
První řada
V níže uvedených tabulkách se dá každý díl spustit buď kliknutím na název a následným spuštění nebo přímo ve sloupci iVysílání ČT.
Druhá řada
Odkazy
Reference
Externí odkazy
Televizní pořady České televize | žďoval náměty z dalších krajů pro pokračování cyklu. Jako první z krajů se přihlásil Kraj Vysočina a Odbor kultury, památkové péče a cestovního ruchu připravil pro výběr téměř tři desítky námětů. Do roku 2019 nebyly další díly natoč | 115 |
Deva Clipping: Take Curls to New Heights!
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We are located in the heart of Frontenac, MO. Frontenac Salon and Spa is devoted to transforming dull, frizzy, tired curls into beautiful, naturally cultivated, ringlets. Our curl care specialists train annually in New York City, so they can offer the most up-to-date techniques and styles to their curly-tressed clients.
Our specialized training includes extensive knowledge of the fabulous Deva products, which are made right here in the US. We pride ourselves on educating our clients to use DevaCurl products to their best advantage. We want our clients curls to look every bit as defined at home as they are when you are here. Let us take your curls from frizzy and frustrating, to smooth and defined with Deva's revolutionary approach!!
We are committed to creating a unique<|fim_middle|>, to the moment you walk out, our goal is to ensure you feel like part of our Deva family. | , enjoyable experience for our customers. From the moment you walk in | 13 |
ANAHEIM — The finished product appears nightly at Honda Center in the form of a 6-foot-3, 215-pound defenseman for the Ducks who is equal parts effective passer and tough-as-nails battler in front of his net, with a dash of offensive know-how and a hint of mean thrown in.
To describe him as such would fit the ideal of what a hockey coach wants in a player at that position. If only Josh Manson saw him himself as that – a finished product. That might never happen.
And there lies the crux of what Manson is all about. Work. Especially when you were never a natural, never became the first-round bonus baby. Especially when defense hasn't always been your position and trial and error became part of your development.
His journey to become what he is now – a fixture of all-around strength on the Ducks' blue line – can be traced to the British Columbia Hockey League, a level of competitive hockey that's one level below Canadian major junior hockey.
While playing his second season for the Salmon Arm Silverbacks, then-coach Tim Kehler had a bit of a predicament. He didn't have a couple defensemen at his disposal coming into an upcoming game. Manson had played the position when he was 11 but became a forward and stayed there for years.
"I did a couple drills and I wasn't very good," Manson said, chuckling. "I just didn't know how to play the position. Was just a little awkward. Once I was thrown into a game, I wasn't very good but at least I was more comfortable.
Kehler, who now coaches in Austria, did see something. Manson could skate well but he was not a scorer. As Manson recalls, his line that included Devin Gannon and Brett Knowles – among his best friends who he keeps tabs on to this day – was one that didn't mind dropping the gloves.
But that first BCHL game on defense ended well, with two points scored. Kehler had tapped further into something that had already existed.
"I was always very defensive-minded when I was at forward," Manson said. "I was never a guy who would cheat for offense. Was always the third guy high and tried to make sure I was above the puck and my angles were good. Stuff like that.
A strong season with the Silverbacks got the attention of the Ducks, in particular scout Glen Cochrane. Cochrane, who largely covers the western parts of Canada for the team, pressed scouting director Martin Madden on Manson's potential vast upside and Madden used a sixth-round draft pick on him.
There was still a lot of growth to do. Manson went the college route at Northeastern, where incoming coach Jim Madigan saw a player with some raw edges to smooth out. "He would literally skate up the ice and toe pick and fall down without anyone around him," Madigan recalled, laughing.
By the time he finished his third year with the Huskies, Manson had become a respected captain, a second-team All-Star in the Hockey East and was voted the conference's best defensive defenseman. "His work ethic and drive was tremendous," Madigan said.
While his devotion to improving his puck skills struck a chord with the coach, it<|fim_middle|> a physical player. He brings a little bit of each to the table.
"The one thing you know is he's a competitive kid who takes the game very serious. That's the thing that I like about him. There's no maintenance. You don't have to worry about instilling any emotion into him. The one thing you want to do is you want to try to tamper it so that he's under control more.
The Ducks love him. General Manager Bob Murray took the step of trading potential future blue-liner Shea Theodore to Vegas so the Golden Knights would not select the unprotected Manson in last summer's expansion draft. And they've rewarded Manson with a four-year contract extension that'll pay him more than $4 million per season.
Maybe he doesn't see himself ever being a finished product but Manson is out to give the Ducks someone they can always count on. Those who know him best see how serious he is about doing that.
"What I'm looking for is to just go out there every night and be the same player," Manson said. "Consistency. Just getting through games and not making many mistakes, if any at all. Helping out in little ways. | was his no-nonsense approach to the captaincy that left the lasting mark. Manson pushed the Huskies, a team that included future NHL players Kevin Roy, Matt Benning and Zach Aston-Reese, to their first winning record in five years.
"He was sick and tired of losing our first two years," Madigan said. "He put a stake in the ground here and that's where his leadership skills really emerged. And that confidence in the leadership of running the room carried over the on the ice. It all came together for him that third year.
Some of those players are who he still battles with in the NHL, most notably Calgary star Johnny Gaudreau and New York Rangers forward Kevin Hayes. After three years, Madigan saw someone who had to turn pro. Manson was a player he felt had come the farthest during his affiliation with the school, which dates to when he played there in 1981.
Dave Manson also hasn't seen the finished product. Manson embodied tough, mean-spirited hockey over 17 NHL seasons with seven teams. He had 2,792 penalty minutes over 1,103 games.
The league has evolved and fighting isn't nearly as prominent as it was in the 1980s and '90s. But the apple hasn't fallen far from the tree. Those who have watched the Ducks often have seen the son level an unsuspecting opposing player with a teeth-rattling check in the open ice.
"He's always had that quality," the elder Manson said. "He's not afraid. He takes the body. He absorbs a lot of checks too. He just plays the game honestly. He plays it straight up. If the checks are there, he takes them. If they're not, he doesn't run out of position to make the big hit.
That is the thing Manson, now an assistant coach with the Western Hockey League's Prince Albert Raiders, tried to impart while Josh was growing up. Play hard, play right. Defend your teammates if the occasion warrants. Madigan knows all about the last part.
Thinking back to a game against Maine when they had to win to reach the postseason, Madigan remembered when their hopes were being dashed late in the contest and two Black Bear players were taking liberties with a Husky teammate. It was salt being poured into an open wound.
Randy Carlyle coached Dave Manson while as an assistant with the original Winnipeg Jets in 1995-96. And as the Ducks' bench boss, he sees "almost a carbon copy" in Josh and the way he goes out playing defense.
But Josh has more than made a name for himself. That puck-moving ability he has been diligently working on has helped him amass a career-high 30 points, making him the Ducks' top-scoring defenseman this season. He also has a team-best plus-24 rating and is the only Ducks player to have played in all 70 games.
"It's more about his compete and the whole package," Carlyle said. "I don't think that you can say he's truly an offensive player. I don't think you can say he's truly just a defensive player. I don't think you can say he's just | 666 |
Is there a reason my recorder auto stops at 120(ish) seconds?
As the title states, I was trying to record a little jam tonight and the recorder kept stopping automatically around 120 seconds? No matter if I used 1 or more channels?
I did not see anything about this in the manual so I was wondering if its just me, or I'm just missing something obvious.
there is a limit in the software set to 250MB files at the moment. The recorder stops when you reach that. The reason for this is that the entire file you record is then immediately available in RAM to edit without having to reload the file for editing after recording.
I have been thinking about ways to change the code so this limit is removed.<|fim_middle|> same time and I wanted to leave headroom for other sample loading activities).
I think I did make it clear above that there currently is a limit of 250MB per recording. Just want to state again that this is the case at the moment and that this issue will be fixed.
-you're not going to play/edit those 192Khz files on the SSP, right?
think I did make it clear above that there currently is a limit of 250MB per recording. Just want to state again that this is the case at the moment and that this issue will be fixed.
any idea when this could be fixed?
We're continuing working on the software next week, I'll see what I can do about this as soon as possible. | The question is what happens with the edit functions, if the limit would be the size of your card. Let's say you record direct to disk and you have a 20 GB file, what happens with the scope and editing functions during the recording and once the recording stops because the disk is full, or you stopped it?
For sure I read that in the manual. I'm just wondering why my mono recording stops when it reach's 16mb's (with default settings) but I can record stereo tracks that will be 32mb's. Is the buffer limit per-track?
since the advance in size of SD card maybe we can up this a little factor 2 or three?
maybe for +250MB size files indeed reload the file for editing?
what sample rate are you recording at? The buffer size / file size limit is set at 250 MB at the moment from what I can see, much larger than 16 MB. At 48khz stereo 32 bit you can record 651 seconds in 250MB, or about 11 minutes.
If you recorder indeed stops at 120 seconds maybe you were recording at 192khz, stereo 32 bit? that is about 1.5MB/s so that would be around 160 seconds or so.
if you are recording at 48khz / stereo and the recorder stops automatically after 16MB then this is a bug and we should fix it.
right now the recording is written to disk and at the same time written to RAM. There is 2GB of RAM of which we can maybe use 1.5GB for all samples loaded in the software. So that is why I put the limit at 250 MB at the moment (since there is an input and ouput recorder and you can use them at the | 391 |
Home Chevron icon It indicates an expandable section or menu, or sometimes previous / next navigation options. Wealth Advisor Contributors
JACK BOGLE: Get ready for a decade of 6% annual returns in the stock market
John Rekenthaler,
Jack Bogle
REUTERS/Tim Shaffer
Two Estimates
This month, the Journal of Portfolio Management published "Occam's Razor Redux: Establishing Reasonable Expectations for Financial Market Returns." (Sorry, the link is to an abstract only.) Authored by Jack Bogle and Michael Nolan Jr., the article projects U.S. stocks to gain about 6% over the next decade. Bonds figure to make half as much, 3%. Both of those figures are in nominal terms--that is, they are not<|fim_middle|> Neither do I.
4) Boy, pension funds are in trouble!
They kick the can down the road, then down the road again. Entering this year, the median return assumption used by public pension funds (not that private funds were much better) was 7.68%. As my father would say, the chance that they will achieve that is slim and none, and slim left town 10 minutes ago. The speculative term might continue to work in pension funds' favor, as it mostly has over the past decade, so that they can continue to boot the can. But ultimately it will subside, and pension funds will finally be forced to face reality: They're not going to make it. They will not gain 7.68% on their portfolios. That's not going to happen.
Read the original article on Morningstar. Copyright 2015.
NOW WATCH: Here's what is keeping stocks from completely crashing with the 10-year above 3%
Morningstar Jack Bogle | adjusted for inflation.
The article's bond model is simplicity itself: Future returns = Current yield to maturity. The yield to maturity on 10-year Treasuries was 2.4% when the paper was written, which Bogle and Nolan round up to 3%. (A generous nudge, which can perhaps be justified by the addition of higher-yielding credit bonds.) As today's 10-year Treasury yield is 2.3%, that estimate remains valid.
The stock model is also streamlined, but it's not quite that basic. It contains three terms. Bogle takes 1) the stock market's current dividend yield, 2) adds the forecast annualized growth in aggregate corporate earnings, and 3) adjusts by the expected change in the market's price/earnings ratio.
Returns = dividend yield + earnings growth +/- (change in P/E ratio)
With the stock market's current yield at 2% and historical nominal earnings growth at 4.7%, Bogle/Nolan arrive at a preliminary estimate of slightly less than 7% per year, which they cut to 6% by assuming that today's P/E ratio will finish the period at its historic norm of 17.8. An ending P/E of 12 would cut stock returns to almost nothing, while a high P/E of 25 would boost them to 9% annually.
Enterprise and Speculation
In creating his models, Bogle took his cue from John Maynard Keynes. Keynes stated that the best economic models use few factors, with effects that are clearly understood. For example, he wrote, stock returns could be decomposed into two sources: enterprise results, which are the returns that came from the growth (or shrinkage) of the intrinsic business, and speculative results, which owed to changes in aggregate investor psychology. Bogle directly adapted Keynes' framework. Dividend yield + earnings growth measures the stock market's enterprise results. The final Bogle term, that of the change in the P/E ratio, equates to Keynes' concept of speculation.
(This enterprise and speculation structure can be also be thought of as proceeds andvaluation. Stock owners directly receive dividends and indirectly own part of corporate earnings. Those are the proceeds. In addition to these items, which are somewhat under the control of companies (which are buffeted by many economic influences, so the control is only a loose one), shareholders will gain or lose because of other investors' perceptions. The public may warm to the stock, thereby delivering a gain, or may become less fond of it, causing a loss. That movement lies outside of corporate controls.)
For the market as a whole, enterprise results are easier to forecast than are speculative results. There are exceptions among companies: Young, emerging businesses may have highly unpredictable revenues, and highly leveraged and cyclical companies can suddenly plunge into bankruptcy. For the most part, however, dividend yields and earnings are fairly stable from year to year--particularly when aggregated into a market total. Speculative results, on the other hand, can fluctuate wildly. For example, in two months during 2008, the market's P/E ratio shrunk by 25%.
The Lesson of the 90s
Bogle knew that the speculation term might be trouble when he debuted his Occam's Razor model 25 years ago, in "Investing in the 1990s." (Alas, another abstract.) That article projected 10% annualized stock-market gains for the 1990s, with the caveat that speculation could substantially alter that estimate. Could it ever! The 1990s checked in at 18% per year. Its cumulative gain was more than 400%, as opposed to Bogle's forecast of 160%. Oops.
Sure enough, the gap was attributable almost entirely to the second term. Bogle had estimated an annualized gain in the 1990s of 10.3% for enterprise value; the actual figure was 10.9%. He had no idea, however, that the stock market's P/E ratio would balloon to 31.6 by the decade's end, an increase that padded stock returns by almost 7 percentage points per year. The model--and his article--was blindsided.
But, as Bogle and Nolan no doubt are delighted to point out in the current article, the model had the last laugh. That December 1999 price was a peak. By the end of May 2003, stock returns had retreated to Bogle's projected level, returning 10.2% annualized since the beginning of 1990. The model was far from the mark over a decade, but spot on for 12 and a half years.
Formally, the relationship between Bogle's 10-year stock forecasts and subsequent market returns is 0.81. The even-simpler bond model has an even-higher correlation of 0.95, illustrating once again that with investment projections, less can be more. (Greater complexity does not necessarily mean greater sophistication; as Mark Twain wrote, sometimes people compose long letters because they lack the time--and perhaps the skill--to draft a short one.)
Thus, the evidence suggests that while Bogle's forecasts aren't reliable guides for a single, specified time period, they will likely be close to the mark over a sufficiently long term.
1) Expect low nominal returns from both stocks and bonds.
The latter is a given; there's no path for bonds to achieve high returns, given a starting yield of 2%-3%. As usual, stocks offer less certainty. It's quite conceivable that continued low inflation justifies a market P/E ratio of 25 or higher, leading to annualized stock-market gains that approach 10%. But it is also very easy to envision scenarios that fall short of Bogle's estimate. The 6% estimate is not conservative.
2) Real returns could be acceptable.
Bogle's models don't touch on the subject of inflation, nor will this column--except to note that bond yields implicitly forecast low future inflation. if that proves true, bonds could eke out a modest real gain. Stocks would of course fare better yet. A 6% nominal gain with 2% inflation means a 4% real return, which is respectable if not spectacular by historic standards and flat-out terrific compared with the paltry yields now paid by Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities.
3) The stock/bond relationship looks normal.
The historic premium offered by stocks over bonds has been 4.6 percentage points, as opposed to the 3-point gap forecast in the article. That would suggest a modest relative advantage for bonds. On the other hand, because bond yields are so depressed, the ratio of stock-to-bond returns is not particularly low. In addition, Bogle and Nolan find no relationship between forecast equity premiums and future stock returns. A high premium, a low premium...it does not seem to matter.
Thus, Bogle and Nolan do not interpret their findings as suggesting that investors might wish to change their asset allocations. | 1,474 |
Review: This Must Be Pop Live ft. War of Words, Poppy & the Jezebels and EBRU
On Tuesday night This Must Be Pop Live returned to the Queen of Hoxton for another poptastic evening of live music, drinking and dancing! Here's what went on…
The first performer of the night was up-and-coming R&B singer EBRU who totally wowed<|fim_middle|> the first to hear about the line-up.
Categorized as EBRU, Poppy and the Jezebels, This Must Be Pop Live, War of Words
Sunday Night Quiz: True or false? | the audience with her voice and impressive stage presence. This girl definitely has star quality! She belted out some cool covers of Adele's Someone Like You, The Beatles' Eleanor Rigby and Swim Good by Frank Ocean, and she sang a selection of her own original songs too including her fantastic new single Mad.
Next up were indie-pop girl group Poppy and the Jezebels, who played a mixture of new and older tracks and even premiered some of their brand new material! My favourites were the catchy Momma's Boy and the ace new single Sign In, Dream On, Drop Out. The track's producer Richard X was even in the audience to see the song come to life. Everyone I chatted to was very impressed by the band's musical skills, showing girls can play instruments just as well as boys!
The final performance came from girl duo War of Words, who got the crowd dancing to their fantastic R&B/electro-pop songs and gasping at their amazing vocals! They sang their singles Panic and Battleground, which were released a few months ago via the Popjustice Hi-Fi label, and four more songs that were just as good, impressing their existing fans and winning over new ones too. I can't wait to get their album now!
Click here to see more pics of the performances.
The night culminated in some enthusiastic dancing to Jon's brilliant DJing. This Must Be Pop Live is the one place where Cher Lloyd album tracks go down as well as Katy Perry singles!
If you're sad you missed it… so you should be! But you can make up for it by attending the next event, which will take place on July 24th at Queen of Hoxton (we're having June off as a summer break). Click attending here to be | 362 |
Environmental Design). This certificate is the international benchmark similar to the French HQE for the construction of sustainable and high-performance buildings.
With the dual objective of maintaining privacy,<|fim_middle|> Velasco Garcia de Sierra – GCA Architects.
By meeting ever more demanding standards, Mermet enables buildings to reduce their carbon footprint. | guaranteeing effective screening from the sun and achieving the right quality of light for the administrative functions of the building, the Screen Nature fabric played a central role in both the technical and environmental domain.
Three-floor glass atrium linking the towers and enabling natural light to penetrate into the building.
"…We needed to obtain LEED Gold certification: the materials selected had to have zero or low environmental impact. Source, composition… the Screen Nature fabric from Mermet met all the environmental and technical specifications in terms of openness factor, letting natural light into the building... 8,000m² of the Screen Nature fabric, colour Bronze 1134, giving a total of some 1,500 blinds installed by the blind maker CORTISA, S.L.. The perception of light and optical and thermal comfort is different from one person to the next, so our main challenge was to find a solution that satisfied all the building's occupants. Installing an indoor blind that everyone is able to adjust to their own taste gave us much more flexibility. From the aesthetic point of view, the extensive range of colours and fabrics made it easier to integrate the screens within the ambiance we were seeking to create ... » Juan | 243 |
Peyton Manning Signed Denver Broncos 8x10 Photo
Hand signed Denver Broncos horizontal 8x10 photo by Peyton Manning with a blue sharpie, includes a certificate of authenticity.
He was chosen by the Indianapolis Colts with the first overall pick<|fim_middle|>). In 2009, he was named the best player in the NFL, and Fox Sports, along with Sports Illustrated, named him the NFL player of the decade for the 2000s. He was released by the Colts on March 7, 2012, and after an almost two-week period where he visited with and worked out for several NFL teams, he signed with the Denver Broncos on March 20, 2012. | in the 1998 NFL Draft. From 1998 to 2010, he led the Colts to eight (seven AFC South and one AFC East) division championships, two AFC championships, and one Super Bowl championship (Super Bowl XLI). He has won a record four league most valuable player awards, was the most valuable player of Super Bowl XLI, has been named to twelve Pro Bowls, has twelve 4,000-yard passing seasons, and is the Indianapolis Colts' all-time leader in passing yards (54,828) and touchdown passes (399 | 127 |
Hydraulics in Civil Engineering
Consumer Appliances & Electronics
Commercial Applications & Electrical Projects
Hobbyist & DIY Electronic Devices & Circuits
CAD and AutoCAD
Kinematic Analysis of Fluid Flow: Position and Velocity Description – Lagrangian and Eulerian Approach
Hydraulics in Civil Engineering / By naveenagrawal / Civil Engineering
To analyze the flow we should know the basic principles applicable to it. The principles are as simple as the basic laws of motion, classical mechanics, and the fundamental principles of energy, mass, and the conservation of momentum.
In the kinematic analysis of the fluid flow, we are concerned about the position, velocity, and acceleration of fluid particle and sometimes further derivatives of the position of fluid particles. In kinematic analysis we study the flow without being bothered about the force causing it. As discussed in the earlier article on different approaches for fluid flow analysis, for analysis fluid flow can be described by the Lagrangian Method and also by the Eulerian Method.
Lagrangian Approach for Kinematic Analysis
For kinematic analysis of fluid flow using the Lagrangian approach, we trace the fluid particles or elements and find their position, velocity, pressure, and other properties with the passage of time. The position of a particle at any point of time is determined by its position at the reference time. For the three dimensional analysis of flow the position of a particle is defined by three coordinates, and each position coordinate is a function of the three coordinates of the initial position and the time passed from the initial position.
Eulerian Approach for Kinematic Analysis
In the Eulerian Approach for kinematic analysis of fluid flow we no more concentrate our attention to particular fluid particles and run behind them. Rather we now go to any point in the flow field and try to define and find the flow properties at that point for any particular instant of time. Any number of particles may pass and go through that point, but we look for the properties, primarily velocity, of the flow at that point and do not attach it to a particular particle.
The properties of the fluid flow at the concerned point will be a function of the definition of that point, its coordinates, and the time at which we are interested to note them. The basic fluid property for kinematic analysis is the velocity of flow. For three-dimensional flow, it has three components and each component is a function of the position of the point and time.
Velocity Vector and Flow Dimensions
The flow considered for analysis may be one, two or three dimensional. One dimensional flow, like the flow in a straight pipe, will have velocity vector as a function of only one coordinate. The flow of water through a wide straight irrigation canal can be considered as two-dimensional flow for kinematic analysis, and the velocity in such flow will be a function of two coordinates. In the three-dimensional flow, velocity vector will be a function of three coordinates.
This post is part of the series: Analysis of Fluid Flow
For the efficient design of the hydraulic systems in civil engineering it is very important to first analyze the flow of fluid through the system. This article series tells what the concepts for analysis of fluid flow are and how these concepts are used in the<|fim_middle|> Example Problems in Civil Engineering
Froude Number and Manning Equation in Calculation of Critical Depth for Open Channel Flow
Standard Operating Procedures for Membrane Filtration
Engineering Disasters: the St Francis Dam Failure
Comparison of Household Water Treatment Systems
Excel Formulas for Calculating the Volume of Storm Water Detention Ponds
Excel Spreadsheet Templates for Storm water Detention Pond Outlet Structure Design
Use of a Dry Well to provide Storm Drainage and Drain Storm Water Runoff
The Manning Equation Relates Stormwater Flow Velocity in a Storm Sewer to Pipe Roughness and Hydraulic Radius
Use of Excel Spreadsheets for Manning Equation/Normal Depth Calculation with Open Channel Flow
Use of Excel Formulas for Design Rainfall Intensity Calculation | context of the fluid flow analysis?
Kinematic Analysis of Fluid Flow: Position and Velocity Description
Accelerations in Fluid Flow
Dynamics of Fluid Flow: Energy Equation for Ideal Fluid Flow
Bernoulli's Equation Explained
Applications of Bernoulli's Equation
Design Calculations & Equations for Pipe Culvert
Fluid Mechanics Calculations and | 70 |
Maité Allamand (29 October 1911 – 3 January 1996<|fim_middle|>1936 - Parvas viejas
1944 - Renovales
1950 - Alamito el Largo
1960 - El funeral del diablo
1966 - Huellas en la ciudad
1969 - El sueño y la lumbre
1974 - La niña de las trenzas de lana
1991 - Cerrín que quería crecer
1993 - El buzón colorado
References
1911 births
1996 deaths
Chilean diplomats
20th-century Chilean novelists
Chilean women novelists
Chilean people of French descent
Chilean women short story writers
Chilean women children's writers
Writers from Santiago
20th-century Chilean women writers
Chilean women diplomats | ) was a Chilean writer and diplomat. Born Jeanne Dominique Marie Therese Allamand Madaune to a French family based in Chile, she was an influential figure in the early development of children's literature in that country. She was the director of the PEN Club and a member of the International Board on Books for Young People (IBBY). She received several awards, including the 1962 Municipal Prize of Santiago in the short story category and the 1969 IBBY CRAV prize.
Biography
Maité Allamand spent her childhood in the countryside on the banks of the Maule River, after her father's job transferred him there. This rural environment influenced her later work. In 1920 she enrolled in the Sacred Heart College of Talca, where she learned to speak and read Spanish.
After finishing her education, Allamand worked in the legation to Belgium, thanks to her mastery of French. She remained in this position from 1932 until 1940, when she married the doctor and researcher Luis Hervé.
Select bibliography
1933 - Cosas de campo
| 242 |
Ghalambor et. al<|fim_middle|> University Press.
Tagged with genes as followers, genes as leaders, Ghalamber et. al. | . have presented evidence for a case in which they are – those exerting adaptive influences on phenotypes constrain subsequent adaptive genetic evolution while those exerting maladaptive influences facilitate it – phenomena that Merila, commenting in the same issue, describes as "perplexing". But should that always be the case? I doubt it. Instead, it should all depend upon whether the case is one of "genes as followers" or of "genes as leaders" (West-Eberhard 2003, Schwander & Leimar 2011).
On the other hand, consider a "genes as leaders" case. If the environmental influence was not a novel one but was fairly common in the history of the species i.e. one which the genetic alternative had evolved to respond to in that way, the story would be different. Then an adaptive environmental influence on a phenotype would not result in any subsequent genetic evolution. Subsequent genetic evolution would be "constrained" because the genetic alternative would have done just what it had evolved by natural selection in the past to do. A maladaptive environmental influence on a phenotype however would "potentiate" or "facilitate" subsequent genetic evolution, selecting against the alternative permitting an environmental influence to have such an effect. The evidence Ghalambor et. al. present pertains to Trinidadian guppies (Poecilia reticulata) and their interaction or lack thereof with predatory cichlids. The experimental evidence presented is too complicated to summarize here, but given the results showing genetic constraining and facilitating effects of plasticity, the case obviously falls into this second "genes as leaders" category.
One might be inclined to protest that the concept of "the reaction norm" of a genetic alternative is sufficient to deal with all such phenomena. But it is important that the concept of a reaction norm not be used in such a way as to make all cases of evolution ones of "genes as leaders" by definition. Surely not all parts of the ranges of all norms of reaction have been tested by natural selection.
Ghalambor, Cameron K., Kim L. Hoke, Emily W. Ruell, Eva K. Fischer, David N. Reznick & Kimberly A. Hughes. 2015. Nature 525: Sept. 17, 372-375.
Gould, Stephen J. & Elisabeth S. Vrba. 1982. "Exaptation – a missing term in the science of form" Paleobiology 8(1) 4-15.
Merila, Juha. 2015. "Perplexing effects of phenotypic plasticity." Nature 525: Sept. 17, 326-327.
Schwander, Tanja and Olof Leimar. 2011. "Genes as Leaders and Followers in Evolution." Trends in Ecology and Evolution 26: 143-151.
West-Eberhard, Mary Jane. 2003. Developmental Plasticity and Evolution. Oxford: Oxford | 646 |
April 12, 2013 January 23, 2021 christopherschaefer
PROLOGUE: City Point was one of New Haven's first planned suburban developments, bounded by Greenwich Ave., Hallock Ave. & South Water Street. It was envisioned c. 1840 by journalist Gerard Hallock, who formerly owned the land. City Point was established officially in May of 1868 by his heirs on the former (now largely land-locked) narrow peninsula or "point" once known as "Oyster Point". This 1868 residential housing development incorporated the earlier oystering community established in 1847 when Gerard Hallock sold 2 acres of his land along the Point's southern shore (which later became South Water St.) to William S. Barnes: the Point's first oysterman.
CITY POINT: It's NOT "The Hill".
by Christopher Schaefer © copyright 2008; Revised-expanded edition © copyright 2017
Oyster Point & The Oyster Point Quarter
City Point was originally part of New Haven's undeveloped "suburbs" on the western edge of town known as the Oyster Point Quarter or simply Oyster Point. By 1824 this was considered to be bounded on the north by what is now Columbus Ave. In 1848 a small stream in the Oyster Point Quarter was drained to create the New York & New Haven railroad cut now used by Amtrak and Metro North, and this eventually came to be regarded by some residents to be the northern boundary of Oyster Point. Nevertheless some maps as late as 1870 still show Oyster Point extending to Columbus Ave. or to the avenue's neighboring 1870-71 Derby Rail Road cut.
The Point was bordered on the east by New Haven Harbor, which originally extended along the entire length of present-day Hallock Ave. At Lamberton and Cedar Streets, the harbor's shoreline veered somewhat eastward along the former West Water St., extending to somewhat north of present-day Union Ave.
Oyster Point was bordered on the west by the West River salt marsh, which originally extended along much of present-day Greenwich Ave. The marsh was fed partly by a small stream originating near Kimberly Avenue, approximately behind what is now number 400 Greenwich Ave., between First and Second St.
Most of this area formed a "point" or narrow peninsula jutting out into the harbor.
from the 1846 coast survey of New Haven Harbor. The single road extending down the middle and ending just above the words 'Oyster Point' is Howard Ave.
Although Oyster Point and Oyster Point Quarter often were used interchangeably, most 19th century maps use the name Oyster Point to describe the narrow peninsula bounded by the West River salt marsh and the harbor., i.e. the area today bounded by Greenwich Ave., Hallock Ave. and South Water Street.
The name Oyster Point Quarter, on the other hand, usually was used to describe all of the area bordering New Haven Harbor's original western shoreline, i.e. the area from Columbus Avenue southward.
Gerard Hallock
In the 1830s Gerard Hallock (1800-1866), a New York newspaper editor, purchased much of this land as his rural estate and in 1836 Sidney Mason stone (1803-1882) built Hallock's summer residence overlooking the harbor on what is now the rail yard side of Cedar St., across from present-day Cassius St. This impressive "Elizabethan Gothic" mansion, modeled after Kenilworth Castle in England, sat upon a semicircular outcropping supported by a massive 2,000 foot-long sandstone wall, making an impressive sight from the harbor. It soon became a navigational reference point for ships entering the harbor. Although Hallock spent much of his time in a small apartment adjacent to his newspaper's press room in New York, his 40 acre New Haven property soon came to be known as "Hallock's Quarter" and the mansion "Hallock's Castle".
sketch of Hallock Castle, from "The Hallock-Holyoke Pedigree…a Revision of the Hallock Ancestry of 1866" Amherst: 1906. The house was a wooden structure, but the 'battlements' and turreted towers created the illusion of a stone castle.
It was Hallock's vision that his land south of Spring Street would be developed into a neighborhood of fashionable country estates. Thus, undoubtedly reflecting Hallock's influence, in the first-ever city directory Patten's New Haven Directory, for the Year 1840 is found a map of New Haven with a "contemplated" blueprint of Oyster Point, filled with a grid of unnamed, non-existent streets, and the name "City Point" across the area. This map of non-existent streets—on which the traditional name "Oyster Point" is completely absent—continued to be used in city directories through the 1840s.
This map from the very first New Haven Directory of 1840 shows a "contemplated" development—dubbed City Point. When Gerard Hallock's heirs finally offered City Point building lots for sale in 1868, the actual street grid developed was quite different.
For many years 'Yalies' and 'townies' would pass Hallock's Cedar Street mansion on the way to The Cedars, which for over seventy-five years was a popular beach—on Hallock Ave—located approximately between the present-day intersections of Lamberton & Hallock Ave. and Second Street at Hallock Ave! Here men would swim au naturel and during the 1880s & 1890s one could rent boats and buy refreshments at the Vue de L'eau ["View of the Water"] Pavilion operated at this beach by carpenter, builder and carriage maker Godfrey Grenier at 241 Hallock Ave. near First St.
this 1887 flier hearkens back to a day when City Point was like a country resort in the city, before 1/3rd of New Haven Harbor was obliterated.
Gerard Hallock opposed slavery and used his wealth to purchase the freedom of c. 100 southern slaves. He was a devout Christian pacifist and defender of Constitutional law. Therefore he believed that "radical" abolitionism, i.e. use of coercion or northern Personal Freedom Laws (which defied the federal Fugitive Slave Act) would cause anarchy, civil war and dissolution of the Union. He insisted—rather naively, we can say today—that the "spread of the Christian Gospel" eventually would result in the end of slavery, so founded the Southern Church Aid Society. His editorials criticized the tactics of the war wing of the Republican Party and the Lincoln administration's unwillingness to negotiate with the South after the seizure of Fort Sumpter. Those who disagreed with him falsely labelled him a "Southern sympathizer" or "pro-slavery". Consequently, after the American Civil War broke out in 1861, the Postmaster General suspended the mail privileges of Hallock's Journal of Commerce on the grounds of "disloyalty". Thus, to preserve the newspaper, Hallock resigned as editor and took up permanent residence in New Haven. During the Civil War the all-Irish Ninth Regiment Connecticut Volunteers as well as the Connecticut Fifteenth Volunteers trained on land which Hallock volunteered for the purpose, approximately where Bay View Park now stands. During the war this military encampment was known as Camp English, after then-Governor James English.
Gerard Hallock died in his New Haven "castle" in 1866.
The Oyster Industry
In 1847 oyster grower William S. Barnes established his business at the southern tip of Oyster Point, on land purchased from Gerard Hallock. By 1850 he was joined by Richard W. Law, then Alexander Foote by 1854, with Eber Kelsey & Frederick Lane setting up shop by 1855. Initially shucking and packing of oysters took place in the high-cellared, beach-front homes of the oyster growers. The industry grew rapidly, so that by 1860 the original beach had been extended to accommodate a new privately-owned street—South Water Street—with the oyster-related activities now taking place in oyster barns. These were built upon additional infill on the opposite side of South Water Street. Industry-related buildings also sprang up on Sea St. Due to the industry's rapid growth, the city drew up plans in 1872 to take over and widen South Water St., although this plan was not carried out until 1886: "The City of New Haven has taken for the definite layout of South Water Street from the Easterly line of Greenwich Avenue extended, to the Southerly line of Sea Street a strip of land sixty feet (60′) wide, or so much of said strip as was not already dedicated to the use of a street from the owners fronting on said strip" (Land Records, City of New Haven: Vol. 380, p. 471, March 3rd, 1886). The planned extension of Greenwich Ave. from Sea St. to S. Water St., referred to above and shown in the 1872 map, as well as in the 1867 map commissioned by Gerard Hallock's heirs, never was carried out. (See Historic Maps page.)
The former 110 South Water Street, demolished in the 20th century; R.W.Law founded in 1847
Early in the oyster industry's history, dugout canoes were used when tonging for oysters. Soon these were replaced by oyster boats called sharpies, a unique New Haven vessel. One-mast sharpies were used for tonging, two-mast versions for dredging. The two-mast sharpies built at Oyster Point by Riley Smith (of Smith Brothers Oyster Growers) were distinguished from the Fair Haven versions built across the harbor by their brass bow piece.
The "Great Set" (i.e. oyster spawning) of 1899 produced record oyster harvests in New Haven Harbor and Long Island Sound through 1903. Thereafter the oyster industry slowly declined due to predatory starfish, pollution, poor oyster bed management, the hurricane of 1938 and loss of workers due to World War II. Changes in currents and salinity caused by construction of harbor breakwaters in 1893 and filling of the West River salt marsh in 1929 (to create Kimberly Field) also contributed to the decline. The Nor'easter of Thanksgiving weekend in 1950 was the final blow for many oyster companies. City Point's last oyster company, Sea Coast, closed in 1962.
City Point Mission
The history of one of City Point's landmarks, the former Howard Avenue Methodist Church building, now home of New Light Holy Church, began in 1871 as Sunday school lessons conducted by Mrs. Gilbert Eaton in her home on South Water St. The Eaton's initially had relocated from Long Island to Second Street in City Point, but soon moved to South Water Street. According to local legend this was at No. 47-49 South Water St., and some residents continued to call this house the former "sailors' mission" well into the 20th century. City directories confirm that one of the several City Point Eaton families lived at 47-49 South Water St. in the 1860s-1870s. Also, according to local legend and parish archives, the first services were held in a newly-constructed oyster shop directly across the street, owned by the Thomas Oyster Co. (the building now relocated to Mystic Seaport Museum). By 1872 the group called itself "The Oyster Point Mission", and shortly thereafter "The City Point Mission".
In the New Haven Directory of 1875 the City Point [Methodist Episcopal] Mission on South Water St. is listed for the first time. This address likely was the parsonage, because a church building or 'meeting house' was constructed for the congregation by David Shelton in 1875 on a 50′ by 300′ lot which he had owned since 1872, and which was bounded by Hallock Ave., Sixth St. and Howard Ave. (The corner stone of the present edifice on Howard Ave. at Fourth St. gives this as the year of the building's construction.)
On Oct. 19, 1880 David Shelton, for the sum of $1000, sold to the congregation "The Church or meeting House"—but not the land upon which it sat—"with the following Furniture and fixtures therein Viz: One Black Walnut Pulpit, One sofa, Fourteen Chairs, Fifty-nine settees or seats, Ten Double Lamps and about two hundred yards of Carpet on the Floor."
On July 15, 1881 David Shelton then sold the congregation the lot at the corner of Fourth St. & Howard Ave. for $600. The 1881 City Directory gives both South Water St. and Howard Ave. at Fourth St. as the Mission's addresses. This was the year of the building's legendary two to three week move up Howard Ave., during which services purportedly were held while the building temporarily sat in the middle of the Avenue. In the 1882 City Directory the name then only appears in the church index as the Howard Avenue Methodist Church at Howard Ave. & Fourth St.—although the street index continues to call it City Point Mission at Howard & Fourth through 1887. Despite these official names, local residents often simply called it "Fourth Street Methodist".
Howard Ave. Methodist/City Point Mission as it appeared between 1882 and 1890, shortly after the building's relocation from Sixth & Howard to Fourth & Howard. Note the gas street lamp on the corner. In 1890 the front of the building was enlarged and a new bell tower added.
From the 1930s, until the parish merged with Grace Methodist farther up Howard Ave. in 1954 (thereby becoming Wesley Methodist), the church was well-known for its Sunday oyster suppers held during December. The oysters were donated each year by the Wedmore Oyster Co.
In 1959 the church building was sold to United Pentecostal Church, then Star of Jacob Church. It has been the home of New Light Holy Church since 1973.
A New Suburban Housing Development
One year after Hallock's death in 1866, his heirs sold his land between the northern side of Lamberton St. and Spring St. to the New Haven & New York Rail Road. In 1874 the rail road moved his mansion across the street, to where nos. 4-16 Cedar St. now stand, and began filling in part of the harbor to build much of the present-day rail yard. Stones from his semicircular harbor front wall were used to build part of the present rail yard retaining wall.
Hallock's land from the southern side of Lamberton St. to Sea St. was surveyed, mapped and divided into building lots by his heirs. This new housing development was bounded by new streets—Hallock Ave. and Greenwich Ave.—and new cross streets were included: First through Sixth Streets. (His heirs, being New Yorkers, naturally adopted the numbered system for naming cross streets).
Finally, a grid of streets envisioned on the map of 1840 was to become a reality.
from an 1868 wall map of New Haven, showing the planned grid of new City Point streets: Hallock Ave, Greenwich Ave, First through Sixth Streets.
Thus, many residents began to regard the northern boundary of this new residential neighborhood, rather than the rail road cut, to be the northern boundary of Oyster Point—soon to be renamed City Point—i.e. the southern, even-numbered side of Lamberton St. at Hallock Ave. [nos. 20-32 Lamberton], continuing over to just before the intersection of Lamberton and Kimberly Ave., and angling down the rear yards of Kimberly to Greenwich Ave. at First Street. (This approximately is the northern boundary of City Point as defined by the New Haven Preservation Trust in its 1982 publication New Haven Historic Resources Inventory.)
Thanks to the 1860 introduction of the horse-drawn streetcar (electrified in the 1890s) Kimberly Square soon developed into a commercial hub. This provided convenient shopping for nearby residents of this newly laid out Oyster Point residential neighborhood. Thus the ubiquitous "corner store", once an essential part of urban neighborhoods, was and remains something of a rarity in City Point. A few 19th century exceptions were no. 323-25 Howard Ave. (built in 1895 as a grocery store and meat market, now Tracey Oil), 86 Second St. (built in 1871 as a grocery store, now an apartment), and 228-30 Greenwich Ave. (now a brick 2-family house).
228-30 Greenwich Ave, photographed in 1930s. Today the storefront and 2nd floor bay window have been replaced with a brick & vinyl wall. The rafter-tails of the bungalow on the right are now concealed by vinyl. The house in back has been demolished.
Early 20th century additions included 382 Greenwich Ave. (now an apartment, but the original 1925 location of Eddy's), 151 Howard Ave. (opened in 1925 as George Stavrides' confectionary [candy store], more recently City Point Bubbles Laundromat), 99 S. Water St. (Starbranch grocery, later Libson's), 83 S. Water St./19 Howard Ave. (Charlie Eaton's grocery), 68-74 Second St. (now an apartment building, but for many decades the Rustic Garden Restaurant, known for its dining booths concealed by beaded curtains, allowing patrons to dine in semi-privacy), and 353 Greenwich Ave. (The New York Smoked Fish Co., destroyed by fire in 1975 and the remains eventually replaced by a 19th c. house relocated from Kimberly Ave.).
The post-Civil War economic decline and the fact that the streetcar did not continue down Howard Ave. past Kimberly Ave. slowed development of the neighborhood. The nautical chart New Haven Harbor, published in 1872 by the US Coast Survey, shows the greatest concentration of new houses in City Point is at the intersection of Greenwich Ave and Second Street. This cluster of houses was like a small village, with its own grocery store at 86-88 Second St, run by Francis "Frank" Hogan.
portions of the 1872 nautical chart: image above shows "Hallock's Castle" still in its original location, but now owned by the rail road, and the upper portion of City Point (still called Oyster Point on this map), from Lamberton St to just above Fourth St at Hallock Ave. The image below shows City Point/Oyster Point from Fourth Street to South Water Street. The streets or portions of streets indicated with dashes have not yet been constructed.
The 1877 United States Coast Survey map of New Haven still shows most development in City Point is near the intersection of Second St & Greenwich Ave: http://emuseum.chs.org/emuseum/objects/17636/city-and-vicinity-of-new-haven-connecticut-derived-wholly?ctx=ab6df61796b123954af4f4a79729cf13a1d99354&idx=0
The 1888 Atlas of the City of New Haven continues to show very few homes between Second and Sixth Sts. However, the return of prosperity in the 1890s and the extension of the now-electrified streetcar to the end of Howard Ave (the Q car, later the B car) resulted in a building boom, so that during this time most of the remaining building lots in the City Point neighborhood were built upon.
242 & 248 Howard Ave, at the corner of Third St, c. 1905, as an early-model trolley returning from the South Water Street end of Howard Ave passes by. The duplex house on the right remains relatively unaltered, but the house on the corner has lost its original porch and other architectural details. Both lost their "Connecticut style" window shutters long ago.
By the 1880s the gas main had been extended into City Point, and for many years the Ahern boys of Second Street had the job of lighting the street lamps at dusk and extinguishing them at dawn.
Bay View Park
c. 1909 postcard of Bay View Park, showing its duck pond with island and rustic bridges, tree-lined Park Drive and ships on New Haven Harbor. Interstate 95, constructed in the 1950s, now goes now goes immediately through the left of the site pictured here.
In 1890 the city acquired land for the development of a park to be built on the edge of the harbor, between Fifth and Sea Streets. However, this purchase was not without considerable newsworthy controversy. Residents of the area—the former Fourth Ward—had petitioned the city to purchase the waterfront along the portion of Hallock Ave. from First St. to Fifth St., instead of "the Oyster Point end of the Cedars" below Fifth St. They argued that the upper portion of the Hallock Ave. shoreline already long had been used as a recreational beach—The Cedars—"where we have been in the habit of going and our fathers and mothers for the past sixty years or more" and would be more convenient to a larger number of residents. The upper location also would provide more water frontage and would be farther from the noxious sewage outlet located at Sea & South Water Sts. The many petitioners also noted that two-thirds of the parcel being considered south of Fifth St. was covered by mosquito-infested water at each high tide and therefore would require construction of a sea wall, then back-filled to develop the park—at considerable expense. Petitioners also claimed that this lower area was being favored by the Park Commission solely because it was owned by the Fourth Ward's influential Alderman Foote, who wanted to "unload" his undesirable "potato patch" to "feather his own nest".
However in April of 1890 Attorney Pigott had pointed out to the Park Commission that a portion of the Hallock Ave. shore near Lamberton Street now belonged to the Consolidated Rail Road "and the supreme court decided two years ago that railroads could condemn city land, even streets, for railroad use." Therefore, if that upper portion of Hallock Ave's shore was purchased from the railroad and made into a park, the railroad could condemn it at any time in the future and return it to railroad use.
Thus, despite its drawbacks, the lower plot—bounded by Fifth St, Howard Ave, and Sea St—was purchased by the city in late 1890 for $60,000. Ironically, the land already had been offered to the city—as a gift—many years earlier, from then-owner Gerard Hallock, specifically to develop a park. However, the city declined the gift at that time—"because there would be some expense for new streets".
Ultimately, the new park was championed by George Dudley Seymour (known as "Mr. New Haven"), a proponent of the City Beautiful movement, and its design was developed by landscape architect Donald Grant Mitchell. Mitchell's 1891 plan dubbed the park Oyster Point Reservation, but by 1892 the name had been changed to Bay View Park. By 1894 it included a central duck pond (actually a tidal basin) with two picturesque rustic bridges leading to a small island, and a tree-lined harbor drive (built upon soil excavated to create the tidal basin and held in place by a wooden bulkhead). Although the duck pond consisted of a single body of water, residents referred to the halves bisected by the island and bridges as the North Pond and South Pond. In 1903 a monument to the Civil War's Ninth Regiment was added, as well as a playground, ball field and 'comfort station'. Ice skating was introduced in 1906 by closing the tidal basin's harbor-water intake pipe for the winter, as called for in Mitchell's 1891 plan.
In 1939 an additional outcropping was created just south of the park to construct New Haven's first sewage treatment plant (where the Sound School's newest building is now located). This caused sediment to build up against the seawall along Park Road, blocking the pipe that kept water flowing in and out of the duck pond at each change of tide. Thus by 1950 the pond had almost no water.
Today a portion of the 1937 stone seawall, which replaced the 1890s wooden bulkhead, still can be seen at the end of the present basketball court along Fifth St. and, on the opposite side of Interstate 95, a remnant of the harbor drive ("Park Road") along another remnant of the seawall, remains between the Boulevard sewage pumping station and the newer part of the Sound School campus. Unfortunately, in 1902 a concrete company was built between Howard and Greenwich Aves., directly across from Bay View Park—the first of several assaults on Mitchell's landscaped masterpiece—and the great hurricane of Sept. 21, 1938 destroyed most of the park's original trees. Despite the park's official name "Bay View" (often misspelled "Bayview"), residents long referred to it as "City Point Park".
The City Point School & A New Name for the 'Point'
In the 1858 New Haven Directory is found the first listing for the Oyster Point School on Howard Ave.: a one-room schoolhouse constructed to accommodate 34 pupils, on a lot purchased by the New Haven City School District from Gerard Hallock on Feb. 6, 1858. In the 1866 Directory it is then listed as the City Point School "at the foot of Howard Avenue" and, in the 1870-71 edition, at 20 Howard Ave. (the property which today is numbered 44 Howard).
This seems to be the first municipal use of the name City Point as an alternate to Oyster Point. The 1877 New Haven Directory lists this as one of the Washington District schools, along with the new Greenwich Ave. School which was built in 1877 at the corner of Greenwich & First St., where Galvin Park is now located. The 1877 Annual Report of the Board of Education states that the "City Point and Washington Branch Schools continued through the Fall and Winter Terms, and then became part of Greenwich Av. School, which was opened May 7th, 1877."
photo of the 4-room Greenwich Avenue School—at corner of First Street; built in 1877, it replaced the City Point School on Howard Ave. The Greenwich Ave School's final year was 1933 and for a time it was the club house of a local baseball team. The building was demolished in the mid-20th century and is now the site of Galvin Park playground.
It perhaps is no coincidence that this first official use of the name City Point in 1866 took place the same year that Gerard Hallock died. The November 1867 map of building lots owned by Hallock's heirs was filed with the Town Clerk on Jan. 24, 1868, and approved by the Court of Common Council (predecessor of the Board of Aldermen) on May 4 of that same year. It is this author's theory that the name City Point was coined by Hallock at least as far back as 1840. The name subsequently was promoted by his heirs as a marketing device to tout their building lots as a new fashionable suburban development and to dissociate it from the aesthetically unappealing oyster industry. Changing the original proposed name of City Point's exquisitely landscaped 1890s park from Oyster Point Reserve to Bay View Park undoubtedly was part of this attempt to upscale the neighborhood's image.
The 1870-71 New Haven Directory lists Second Street as being in City Point, and Greenwich Ave. as extending from Kimberly Ave. to City Point (i.e. to Sea St.). South Water St. is described as being in Oyster Point, while the City Point School is described as being at No. 20 Howard Ave. in City Point. Thus, by 1870 the names Oyster Point and City Point were being used interchangeably. And, as we already have noted, the neighborhood's 1875 church chose the name City Point Mission.
By the 1890s the name City Point began to replace Oyster Point as the preferred name of the neighborhood. The 1893 Town and City Atlas of the State of Connecticut contains one of the first accurate, rather than "projected", New Haven maps to use the name City Point in place of Oyster Point. The map found in the front of the New Haven Directory of that same year has the name "Oyster Point" just off the shore of South Water Street, and the name "City Point" next to Bay View Park, where the sewer pipe emptying into the harbor lay. It was not until 1926 that the New Haven Directory map used the name City Point in place of Oyster Point, while the U.S. Board of Geographical Names did not officially recognize the "new" name City Point until 1939!
By the turn of the 20th century the old name Oyster Point came to be regarded as a derogatory reference to the area. Deteriorating docks of the declining oyster industry along South Water St., the putrid untreated sewage pouring into the harbor from a pipe now covered by the new City Point pier at Sea & South Water Streets, and the foul smell of the city dump that once stood near the corner of Sea St. and Greenwich Ave. dominated the scene. During the Great Depression an impromptu shanty town for the homeless appeared at the dump.
The shore of South Water St, showing decayed docks of former oyster companies. Photo taken in mid 1970s by New Haven Redevelopment Agency.
City Point Yacht Club
The City Point Yacht Club was founded in 1895. According to an Aug. 30, 1895 report in The New Haven Evening Register, the club's first activity was to construct a wharf, extending 300 feet off the shore of Hallock Ave (between First and Second St), then purchase a "box boat". The plan was to sink this boat at the end of the wharf, to provide a foundation for a new clubhouse.
Only four years later the Yacht Club already was making plans for a new wharf down the street, extending off the shore of Hallock Ave near Third Street, behind a lot purchased by the club in 1899: Nº 163[-169] Hallock Ave. In 1900 this had been completed and the clubhouse floated down to the new wharf. By this time the club had grown to about 100 members "with a fleet of 75 boats".
Sketch of recently-relocated clubhouse from 'New Haven Evening Register' August 10, 1900
Hand-tinted post card (c. 1915?). The scenery on the opposite side of the clubhouse was added by an artist—because north of the clubhouse was open water, up to the railroad yard. (Compare the postcard with this website's 1934 Aerial Photo. )
Today, if you enter 165 Hallock Ave, New Haven CT into Google Maps https://www.google.com/maps/ or simply go here http://bit.ly/2vTTPC3 and zoom into the satellite view, you'll see the now-empty lot that used to be 163/169 Hallock Ave—formerly site of a house owned by the yacht club. The club's 300-foot long dock, with the clubhouse at its end, extended into the harbor behind what is now a modern house next to the vacant lot: Nº 165 Hallock Ave. You also can see what that portion of the harbor is today: the rear parking lot of Jordan Furniture! Remarkably, the parking lot still follows the original curving contour of the former harbor shoreline that used to run behind these Hallock Avenue properties, which you can see in the 1934 Aerial Photo.
From Country Village to Urban Neighborhood
1905 photo of 332 Howard Ave, at the corner of First St: a grand-looking house "out in the country". Today many of the house's architectural details are gone, as are the carriage house in back and the gas lamp on the street corner—and the streets are no longer country dirt roads!
Up until World War I, City Point was like a little country village unto itself. A dramatic increase in automobile ownership in the 1920s caused City Point to lose its quiet insular quality. Nevertheless, a remarkable number of barns and carriage houses survive in City Point, reminders of its pre-automotive era, e.g. behind nos. 393 & 133 Greenwich Ave., 196 Hallock Ave., 154 Howard Ave. (which once housed the neighborhood's first Stanley Steamer automobile) & 297 Howard (an unusual brick version whose original owner was a brick mason), 57 S. Water St., and nos. 40 & 74 Sea Street (the latter, recently restored from near-collapse, perhaps being the neighborhood's most flamboyant). Beside 98 South Water St. stands the neighborhood's sole surviving oyster barn, where oysters were processed for shipping.
In 1919 this quiet suburban neighborhood's tranquility was further broken with the construction of the Seamless Rubber Co. factory (now One Long Wharf) on Hallock Ave. This entailed additional filling to extend the shore, so as to accommodate the new factory. While the factory did provide highly valued jobs for many City Point residents over many decades, the chemical waste which the factory regularly dumped into the harbor contributed to the harbor's growing pollution.
The Vanishing Point & Lost Identity
By 1888 plans were made to extend the Boulevard to Sea Street and to drain the West River salt marsh behind Greenwich Ave., where Kimberly Field (formerly called St. Peter's Oval or simply The Oval) now stands. Thus the intersection of Sea St. & Greenwich Ave. no longer would be covered by high tide twice a day. The 1911 New Haven Atlas shows this as having been completed, and the marsh land as being privately owned by Clark, Goodrich, Logan, Steven, and St. Peter Church. However, by this time only the area behind Greenwich Ave. from Second to Third Streets actually had been drained. This allowed for the extension of Second St. to Kimberly Ave. in 1906 and the construction of the Kimberly Ave. School that same year, the construction of St. Peter School in 1911, and the construction of a new street—St. Peter Ave.—in 1918.
Residents growing up in City Point in the 1920s to the 1970s recall that the Boulevard stopped North of the rail road tracks (even though the city directory beginning in 1895 describes the Boulevard as extending from Whalley Ave. to Sea St.). To travel from Kimberly Ave. to the Boulevard one had to walk across the Grant Street Bridge: an elevated foot bridge built in 1907 that began at the end of Grant St. and crossed over the rail road cut to Morris Street.
Between Kimberly Ave. and Sea St. there was only a large sewer pipe which residents used as a foot bridge to cross the West River salt marsh. The appended map of sewer lines in the back of the 1911 New Haven Atlas shows this pipe crossing the salt marsh, with the water extending northward between Kimberly & Greenwich just past Third St. The map in the 1920 city directory shows a planned road here, but the area still under water.
portion of map of sewer lines in 1911 New Haven Atlas. The exposed sewer line extends between Kimberly Ave and Greenwich Ave, but the West River salt marsh still extends northward, ending between Second & Third St. In 1929 the exposed pipe was covered with a dirt road, initiating the drainage of the marsh to create Kimberly Field.
In 1929 the mouth of the West River was dredged (eliminating the island that required two bridges to cross from Kimberly Ave. into West Haven), and the dredged material was used to fill the remainder of the West River salt marsh behind Greenwich Ave. from Third St. to Sea St., and to create a dirt road between Sea St. and Kimberly Ave. Although officially considered a continuation of the Boulevard (even though a bridge extending the Boulevard over the rail road tracks was not built until 1978), residents referred to this dirt road between Kimberly Ave. & Sea St. as Dump Road due to the dump that immediately developed along the shore here. By the mid-1930s the area between Kimberly Ave. and Greenwich Ave. finally had drained sufficiently to create the athletic field that sits there today.
More significantly—with the water on the western side of City Point now gone—City Point was no longer a "point"!
Unfortunately, zoning regulations and wetlands conservation laws, which would have prevented such environmental disasters, did not yet exist. Perhaps to appease residents over the loss of the salt marsh, the city used fire hoses to flood the field every winter for many years so that it could be used for ice skating.
c. 1918 view from unpaved Kimberly Ave (photographer standing approx. where McDonalds is now located), looking across the West River salt marsh [aka "mud flats"—now Kimberly Field]. Rear of houses on Greenwich Ave., approx. between Fourth & Fifth Streets, are visible in the distance, beginning with the rear of no. 276 on the Left. The last house fully-visible on the Right is likely the rear of 216 or 212, near the intersection of 5th St. A foot path BETWEEN no. 260 & no. 252-254 (at intersection of 4th St) led to the white beach in center of photo—the SAME foot path NOW leading from Greenwich Ave to Kimberly Field.
This drainage of the salt marsh (called The Mud Flats by residents) also allowed for the 1931 construction of the second Saint Peter Church on Kimberly Ave. (which replaced the original 1903 church, now Brams Hall of the Betsy Ross Arts Magnet School), primarily to serve the area's rapidly growing Irish Catholic population. In 1901 the new parish's northern boundary was declared to be the rail road cut, with many of its members living not only within the traditional Hallock Ave—Greenwich Ave—South Water Street borders of City Point, but also within the Kimberly Ave. area. With City Point's western border now less distinct, some residents of Kimberly Ave., Grant St., Plymouth St. and Cassius St. began to think of themselves as being City Point residents, particularly during the 1920s through the '60s—even though these streets never were part of the geographic "point" from which City Point had derived its name, nor were these streets part of the Hallock family's 1868 housing development known as City Point. (Nevertheless this area—as well as Spireworth Village aka Trowbridge Square—was part of what had been referred to as the Oyster Point Quarter during much of the 19th century). Thus it was during this era that City Point was defined by some residents as being "south of the rail road tracks". One even can trace the blurring of City Point's boundaries back to the late 1870s when Greenwich Ave. was extended an extra block beyond the Point and Hallock property, from Kimberly Ave. to Lamberton St., thereby creating one side of Kimberly Square (which, despite its name, is a triangle—not a square!).
At about this same time, the construction of the present railroad station on Union Ave. caused many residents gradually to redefine the Hill neighborhood. The Hill (once known as Sodom Hill and later Mount Pleasant) originally had derived its name from the upward slope along Congress Ave., beginning at the now-extinct West Creek (where Route 34/The Oak Street Connector now is located), and was separated from the Oyster Point Quarter by a branch of West Creek that ran just North of, and parallel to Columbus Ave. (This later would be drained to create the Derby Rail Road cut.) The Hill's other original boundaries included West St./Winthrop Ave. (or later, the West River) on the west, Oak St./Morocco St. (now Legion Ave.) on the north, and Hill St. (now Church St. South) on the east. With the completion of the present rail road station in 1919, many residents began to define the Hill as comprising all of the area radiating from the upward slope of Union Ave.—and therefore incorporating the City Point neighborhood.
For many residents this initiated the gradual loss of City Point's distinct neighborhood identity.
During the Great Depression and the rationing of World War II many homeowners simply did not have the money to maintain their properties. As a result, many of the lovely old homes in City Point and nearby neighborhoods began to deteriorate. Lack of tax revenues during this time did not allow the city to provide basic services such as street repairs. Urban decay had set in. After World War II the federal government gave returning veterans low interest mortgages with very low down payments to purchase housing. However, the mortgages only could be used to purchase a new, not pre-existing, home. Simultaneously the government began a massive highway construction program, while spending virtually nothing on rail roads and other mass-transit systems. New Haven's own deteriorated trolley system shut down in 1948. The decline of the rail road soon followed, and by the 1970s New Haven's train station was in total disrepair. Ill-conceived urban renewal programs during the 1950s and '60s razed entire neighborhoods, with no provisions having been made for the displaced residents and businesses. At this same time unscrupulous real estate agents engaged in the now-illegal practice of "block busting": white home-owners were contacted and told that "coloreds" were moving into the neighborhood, so they had better sell lest their property become worthless.
All of these factors contributed to an explosion of suburban sprawl, with devastating ecological impact. Vast swaths of highway were cut through historic neighborhoods, sucking the economic life-blood out of cities, exacerbating racial and economic divisions in our society, and making our nation—particularly its automobile-oriented suburbs—utterly dependent on foreign oil. With the decimation of New Haven's neighborhoods, the city was left with Real Property consisting of over 45% tax-exempt properties (mostly institutions such as universities and hospitals that serve predominantly non-residents) and a housing stock that is only c. 30% owner-occupied, thus providing most residents with little incentive to care for neighborhoods which they do not "own".
1934 aerial view of City Point, showing harbor shoreline continuing along most of Hallock Ave. and along the rail yard; the City Point Yacht Club dock off the Hallock Ave. shore, at the intersection of Third St; Bay View Park with its duck pond. Note that Hallock Ave. continues through the Park between Fifth & Sixth Sts (before it was bisected by I-95); Greenwich Ave. also is continuous between 5th & 6th. Also visible is the then-recently-drained salt marsh between Greenwich Ave & Kimberly Ave. (about to become Kimberly Field). Also note the rail road roundhouse formerly located at intersection of Hallock Ave. & Lamberton St. See separate page on this website for functional view. .
The 1949 harbor dredging and back-filling, and the 1950s construction of Interstate 95 (Connecticut Turnpike) completely eliminated the portion of the harbor facing Hallock Avenue:
the final step in the total obliteration of the geographical "point" or narrow peninsula which originally defined City Point.
Bay View Park was split in two and its picturesque duck pond destroyed. Even the City Point Yacht Club, once located on a dock at Hallock Ave. and Third St., was forced to relocate over by the Kimberly Ave. Bridge—and thus is no longer in City Point! In the 1980s condominiums (which due to their gated, insular design, hardly can be considered part of the neighborhood) were built on a former neighborhood beach<|fim_middle|>ant, at the time of his death Gerard Hallock was New Haven's largest landowner.]
Hallock, William H. Life of Gerard Hallock New York: Oakley-Mason & Co., 1869 [his son's rather defensive biography of his late father, who often was mis-characterized as having been pro-slavery. He in fact purchased the freedom of over 100 southern slaves. Devout Christian pacifist, defender of Constitutional law. Therefore felt "radical" abolitionism, i.e. use of coercion or northern Personal Freedom Laws (which defied federal Fugitive Slave Act) would cause anarchy, civil war and dissolution of Union. He believed—rather naively, we can say today—that the "spread of the Gospel" eventually would result in the end of slavery, so founded the Southern Church Aid Society. His editorials criticizing the Lincoln administration's unwillingness to negotiate with the South resulted in the Post Office refusing to deliver his New York Journal of Commerce, forcing him to retire to New Haven in 1861.]
Hartley, W. T., surveyor Map of Building Lots in the City of New Haven Belonging to the Heirs of Gerard Hallock, Deceased privately published, 1867 [The rail road continued to own the odd-numbered side of Lamberton St. just across from these new building lots into the 20th century. The city approved the sale of these lots in May of 1868: the official establishment of the neighborhood housing development which the Hallock family called "City Point"]
Hartley & Whitford, surveyors Map of the City of New Haven Philadelphia: Collins & Clark, 1851 [This map clearly shows the original location of "Hallock's Castle" and West Water St., below the bluff along the harbor's original western shore. A one-block fragment of West Water St. still survives behind the New Haven Police Headquarters: an obscure reminder of how far north the harbor once extended.]
Hartford Daily Courant September 22, 1874 under News of the State: "Public improvements in New Haven render the removal of the old Gerard Hallock mansion necessary." [This is when it was moved across the street to the corner of Cedar and Lamberton Sts. It was demolished in 1939.]
Hill, Everett G. A Modern History Of New Haven And Eastern New Haven County 2 vols. New York: S. J. Clark Publishing Co., 1918
Hoose, Shoshana City Point New Haven: Schooner, Inc., c. 1979 [intended for students, includes reflections on City Point by older residents; also documents how I-95 had become a racial barrier by the early 1970s: City Point south of I-95 was nearly all white, City Point north of I-95 had become predominantly black & Hispanic and therefore increasingly considered by many residents to be part of The Hill rather than City Point.]
Howard Avenue Methodist Church Seventy-Fifth Anniversary 1950 [program of worship services and parish history]
Hughes, Arthur H. & Allen S. Morse Connecticut Place Names Hartford: The Connecticut Historical Society, 1976
Land Records, City of New Haven: Vol. 123, p.404 [deed transferring a parcel from G. Hallock to William S. Barnes, Oct. 25, 1847; apparently Barnes was the first oysterman on the point]; Vol. 126, p.415 [deed transferring a portion of the aforementioned parcel to Denison Hall, June 2, 1848]; Vol. 133, p.29 [deed transferring the aforementioned parcel from Hall to Richard W. Law, April 10, 1850; advertisements for Law's oyster co. state that it was founded in 1847. In an undated newspaper clipping given to this editor, Law's grandson is quoted as saying the company was founded in 1850.]
Land Records, City of New Haven: Vol. 172, p.37 [deed transferring 50′ X 100′ lot on Howard Ave. in Oyster Point from G. Hallock to The New Haven City School District, Feb. 6, 1858]; Vol. 322, p.280 [deed trasferring the City Point School to Mary Elizabeth Coe (wife of William Coe), Mar. 2, 1878]; Vol. 330, pp.125,352 [lien against Mary Coe for "repairs or remodeling" of "the City Point School House, No. 3 Howard Avenue" for $125.25 due; Nov.5,1878,Jan.25,1879; deeds do not yet assign a number to this property, but directories call it No. 20 Howard Ave.]; Vol. 391, p.67 [$1,600 mortgage with New Haven Savings Bank, Sept. 26, 1887—possibly to transform the old one-room school house into the 1880s-style residential structure that exists today, & likely incorporating at least the foundation of the former school house?]; Vol. 491, p. 98 [additional $5,000 mortgage taken out by Coe, secured by this & two other City Point properties, Sept. 28, 1897]; [author unable to locate deed transferring property from Coe to J.Smith, despite hours spent cross-checking indexes; obstacles include nearly illegible script, similar descriptions of nearby lots, & no street address number on property deeds] Vol. 519, p. 540 [deed transferring ownership from Jeremiah Smith to Nellie Manville, May 11, 1899; Vol. 523, p. 159, Vol. 529, p.404 restore original lot dimensions]; Vol. 663, p. 476 [deed transferring same lot—now described as No. 44 Howard Ave.—from N. Manville to Chauncey L. Wedmore, May 18, 1911; first deed to give this property a street number in its description; house numbering system was changed on Howard Ave. at least once between 1888 & 1911]
Land Records, City of New Haven: Vol. 262, p. 578 [deed transferring ownership of lot bounded by Hallock, Sixth & Howard to David Shelton, Jan. 29, 1872]; Vol. 339, p. 374 [deed transferring church building from D. Shelton to Methodist congregation, Oct. 19, 1880]; Vol. 348, p. 48 [deed transferring lot at Fourth St. & Howard Ave. from David Shelton to Howard Ave. Methodist Episcopal Church, July 15, 1881]
Land Records, City of New Haven: Vol. 380, p. 471, March 3rd, 1886 "The City of New Haven has taken for the definite layout of South Water Street from the Easterly line of Greenwich Avenue extended, to the Southerly line of Sea Street a strip of land sixty feet (60′) wide, or so much of said strip as was not already dedicated to the use of a street from the owners fronting on said strip; namely from…" [The document then names nearly everyone who owned property on South Water Street in 1886. It then refers to Map No. 382 dated Aug. 5th, 1872. The planned extension of Greenwich Ave. from Sea St. to S. Water St., referred to above and shown in the aforementioned map as well as in the 1867 map commissioned by Gerard Hallock's heirs, never was carried out.]
Lattanzi, Robert M. Oyster Village To Melting Pot: The Hill Section Of New Haven Chester, Conn.: Pattaconk Brook Publ., 2000 [The upward slope from the former West Creek to the "suburbs" caused the area around present-day Congress Ave. to be named "Sodom Hill", Mount Pleasant" and finally "The Hill".]
http://magrissoforte.com [another great source (besides The New Haven Museum and Historical Society aka New Haven Colony Historical Society) for historic New Haven photos. This company, under owner Colin Caplan, also does historic property research]
Mitchell, Donald Grant Mitchell Collection aka Donald Grant Mitchell Papers (Mss 140) New Haven Colony Historical Society [includes his notes for developing Oyster Point Reservation/Bay View Park]
New Haven Directory (including West Haven) New Haven: Price & Lee Co., 1876, 1877, 1881, 1882, 1887, 1891, 1893, 1895, 1896, 1899, 1907, 1919 [1891 edition includes one of the first city maps showing the not-yet-named Bay View Park.] Several of the above sources (Brown, Caplan, Lattanzi), as well as the Howard Avenue Methodist Church archives, confirm that the Howard Ave. Methodist Church building originally stood at Howard & Sixth Street, but New Haven directories do not corroborate this, giving only the original S. Water St location, & later the Fourth St. & Howard Ave. location. This likely is because during the church's temporary location on Sixth St., the parsonage still was located on S. Water St.]
New Haven Evening Register March 28, 1890 Against Alderman Foote. The Fourth Ward Rebellious. [article and letter to editor claiming site below Fifth St for Bay View Park is being purchased merely to profit Alderman Foote]
New Haven Evening Register April 10, 1890 That Fourth Ward Park [Atty Pigott warns that the railroad could seize shoreline along Hallock Ave, between Lamberton and Fifth St, even after city has developed it into a park. Therefore property near railroad should be avoided.]
New Haven Evening Register June 17, 1890 Ask for an Injunction [In arguing for city not to refuse gift from Philip Marett, writer reminds readers that many years earlier the city had turned down a gift of land from Gerard Hallock to create Bay View Park—but then purchased the same land many years later.]
New Haven Evening Register Nov. 18, 1890 The Fourth Ward Park [letter to editor objecting to site purchased for Bay View Park]
New Haven Evening Register Aug. 30, 1895 City Point Yacht Club to Build a Club House Very Soon "the City Point Yacht Club…came into existence a few weeks ago…At present it has about 60 members."
New Haven Evening Register Oct. 16, 1899 City Point Yacht Club Supper [mentions the club's recent purchase of a lot on Hallock Avenue "at the foot of Third Street" where the clubhouse soon will be re-located; "there are now nearly 100 members enrolled in the organization."]
New Haven Evening Register Oct. 19, 1899 City Point Smoker. Oyster Supper Served in Old-Fashioned Style by Yachtsmen "When the work is completed and the new long dock spiled out the club will be accessible at all times, no matter what the tide, to yachts desiring to land."
New Haven Evening Register Aug. 10, 1900 Social and Personal [section includes brief update about City Point Yacht Club, with sketch of re-located clubhouse on new long dock]
New Haven Preservation Trust & Conn. Historical Commissionn, Anne F. Niles, ed. New Haven Historic Resources Inventory, Phase I: Central New Haven 1982 [This gives the northern boundary of City Point as the rear yards of 20-32 Lamberton, which is inconsistent with the fact that these addresses—originally a single building lot facing Hallock Ave., but later subdivided—are on Hartley's 1867 map of new building lots. It was shortly after these building lots were drawn up and offered for sale the following year that the name City Point gradually began to displace the name Oyster Point.]
http://nhpt.org/index.php/site/district/trowbridge_square_historic_district/ [a history of Trowbridge Square, one of the three neighborhoods, along with City Point & Kimberly Square, which comprise the old Oyster Point Quarter]
Osterweiss, Rollin G. Three Centuries of New Haven, 1638-1938 New Haven: Yale Univ. Press, 1953
Patten's New Haven Directory, for the year 1840 New Haven: James M. Patten, 1840
Petersen, Barbara; private photo collection
Rackliffe, Pamela A. The Origin and Development of the New Haven Parks Designed by Donald Grant Mitchell: The First Three Decades [Masters Thesis] Storrs, Conn.: University of Connecticut, 1987 [The author alternates between spelling City Point's park as one word "Bayview" or two "Bay View". D. G. Mitchell's plans for the park use two words "Bay View".]
Shumway, Floyd & Richard Hegel New Haven: An Illustrated History Woodland Hills, CA: Windsor Publ. Inc. 1987
Taylor, Joseph: extensive private collection of old photos of New Haven
Townshend, Doris The Streets of New Haven: The Origin of Their Names New Haven Colony Historical Society, 1984
Town and City Atlas of the State of Connecticut Boston: D. H. Hurd & Co., 1893
United States Coast Survey From a survey made for the City of New Haven, Connecticut, Sheet No. 6 [topographical map] New Haven: 1877 [interior of the city executed by the City Engineer's Office]
Visel, Timothy C. New Haven's lost natural oyster beds – Account of George McNeil, son of J. P. McNeil of The McNeil Oyster Company paper given at the Sound School, New Haven, June 2010
Warner, Robert Austin New Haven Negroes: A Social History New Haven: Yale Univ. Press, 1940 [The 1949 dredging of New Haven Harbor & 1950s construction of the Connecticut Turnpike/I-95 buried all but a remnant of the ancient 3/4 mile Long Wharf which once began near the present Knights of Columbus Museum, and was last expanded in 1812 by New Haven's "Black King" William Lanson, a prominent leader of New Haven's free black community.]
Withington, Sidney The First Twenty Years of Railroads in Connecticut New Haven: Yale University Press, 1935 [The Derby Rail Road opened on Aug. 8, 1871, but the rail road's "cut" through New Haven appears on the map in J. W. Barber's 1870-71 directory, so that portion likely already had been constructed by 1870. Also seewww.TylerCityStation.info re. the Derby Rail Road.]
www.yaleslavery.org [Site includes information on Rev. Simeon Jocelyn who founded nearby Spireworth Village (later called Trowbridge Square) in 1830, where free blacks and whites would live together. When he proposed establishment of country's first Negro College, a white mob stoned his house. (Northerners generally were opposed to slavery, but did not support equal rights.) In 1833 Connecticut passed "Black Law" outlawing such schools (including Prudence Crandall's in Canterbury, CT). Law repealed in 1838. In 1850s Gerard Hallock further developed the Trowbridge Square area. Also see www.yale.edu/glc/crandall/index.htm regarding correspondence between Jocelyn and Crandall.]
Walljasper, Jay The Great Neighborhood Book: A Do-it-yourself Guide to Placemaking New Society Publ., 2007
LOCAL EATERY: City Point Kitchen
http://citypointkitchen.com/
http://www.citypointyc.org/
city point
connecticut history
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Published by christopherschaefer
Christopher Schaefer has lived in the 1871 "Lane-Hubbard House"at 84 Second St., City Point, New Haven, Connecticut since 1986 and abhors our crony, corrupt political system. Interests include micro-landscaping, guerrilla-gardening, local history, historic preservation. He has been married to the same woman for 40+ years and has 2 adult 'children'. He has relatively mild Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome (and all the crap that goes with it). He's willing to lend tools to his neighbors, but if one of them doesn't return something–that's it. He always enjoys sightings of an incredibly beautiful, exotic rooster that wanders the streets nearby. Every Sunday morning, he attends a Catholic Mass that's ENTIRELY in the ancient Latin language in Waterbury, Connecticut: a living-yet-ancient connection with innumerable generations of his ancestors. ChristopherSchaefer4congress.com https://rosadelauroexposed.wordpress.com/money-trail/ https://citypointnewhavenconnecticut.wordpress.com/ View all posts by christopherschaefer | , which for a time had been the site of the City Point Athletic Club ["ACs"] baseball field. Thus City Point's once expansive public beaches were reduced to a tiny strip at the end of Howard Ave.: a fragment of Lane's Shore (named after one of the old oyster companies).
As older residents died or moved away, the collective memories of what defined the City Point neighborhood slowly disappeared, and for many residents the neighborhood soon lost its identity.
By the early 1970s Interstate-95 had become a demarcation of de facto racial segregation in City Point: the area south of the highway was virtually all (non-Hispanic) white, while the portion of City Point north of the highway had become predominantly black and Latino.
This racial segregation contributed to the Completely Inaccurate—but growing illusion—that City Point only consisted of the area south of the highway, while everything north of the highway was "The Hill".
Thus many City Point residents today—particularly many living in that two-thirds portion of City Point north of Interstate-95—incorrectly think they simply live in "The Hill" or "Hill South". ("Hill South" is actually a large police district originating from the 1980s, when the four Police Dept. quadrants were replaced with smaller "districts"—including "Hill North" and "Hill South". These soon expanded into municipal administrative districts, as well. In recent years some have confused these districts with "neighborhoods": recently the city placed banners throughout the Hill North police district that proclaim "Hill North is my home"!—even though these police districts do not conform to traditional neighborhoods—and indeed are too vast in area to meet any standard definition of the word "neighborhood". Given the historical tension between minority communities and urban police departments, there is a bizarre irony that such a community would call a police district its "home"!)
In 2001 the one-third of City Point south of Interstate-95 was made a "local historic district". Purportedly this was to preserve that area's buildings from further modern alterations. However, New Haven has no effective means to enforce historic district regulations. Consequently, property owners continue to make modern-looking exterior alterations with no penalty and "demolition by neglect" remains endemic in such historic districts. Additionally, New Haven's Historic District Commission has a lengthy track-record of approving alterations that do not meet The Secretary of the Interior's Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties. Thus, the primary impact of New Haven's local historic districts has been to artificially inflate real estate values and property taxes, thereby gentrifying such districts. In City Point, the local historic district has reinforced the myth that City Point consists only of the area south of the highway.
Adding to the neighborhood's loss of identity is the fact that the City Plan Dept. and Police Dept. maps show "The Hill" as encompassing everything from Legion Ave. down to South Water Street: City Point does not officially exist!
By the late 20th century a national New Urbanism movement took root which promotes the rebirth of city neighborhoods that are pedestrian, mass-transit and shopping-friendly and not automobile-dependent. This gradually has had an impact in City Point. In the 1980s the abandoned, boarded-up houses in the neighborhood were too numerous to count. Today such houses are a rarity in City Point (and usually the temporary result of an unfortunate fire or foreclosure).
Likewise, nearby Kimberly Square, which traditionally served as City Point's neighboring commercial hub, has undergone a renaissance of its own, even boasting a large, modern supermarket. In 1978 the long-contemplated bridge carrying the [Ella T. Grasso] Boulevard over the rail road tracks finally was constructed and at this time city planners coined the name Kimberly Square Neighborhood, in an effort to revitalize the area. In the early 21st century, St. Peter's was demolished to make way for construction of the Betsy Ross Arts Magnet School and Second St. was returned to approximately its original 1868 configuration. Thus today residents of Kimberly Ave., Grant St., Plymouth St. and Cassius St. generally consider themselves part of the Kimberly Square Neighborhood or The Hill, rather than City Point, even though those four streets are south of the rail road cut.
There also has been a greater effort in recent years to fill empty lots in the City Point neighborhood with houses that blend better with the surrounding historic buildings. For example, nos. 149 to 165 Hallock Ave. are obviously modern tract homes, but the steep roof pitch with gables facing the street, bright colors, front porches and architectural detailing (typical 19th century practices) make these houses welcome recent additions to the neighborhood.
Additionally in recent years the portion of City Point that lies south of the highway has become more racially and ethnically integrated. For example, in the 2010 property assessment database, 6 of the 13 one-to-three family homes on the section of Greenwich Ave. south of the highway list resident homeowners with Spanish surnames: for one home purchased in 2001, and five purchased in 2006 or later. Thus New Haven residents in general have decreasing reasons to view the south-of-the-highway portion of City Point as an exclusively White Anglo enclave.
Unlike a town or ward, a neighborhood is not a legally defined entity with precise boundaries. Thus residents never will agree on what constitutes City Point. The traditional East-West boundaries (Hallock & Greenwich Aves.) are generally uncontested because of the water that once defined these. Indeed, the street grid on modern maps of New Haven still allows one to visualize the narrow "point" that formerly was bounded by these avenues.
While the 1929 extension of the [Ella T Grasso] Boulevard between Sea St & Kimberly Ave, as well as the 1950s construction of Interstate-95 completely obliterated the "point" (narrow peninsula) that defined the boundaries of City Point, the topography of the "point" remains clearly visible in modern flood maps. (Federal Emergency Management Agency [FEMA] Flood Map)
On the other hand, the northern boundary always will remain controversial, because the perceived northern boundary of Oyster Point or the Oyster Point Quarter changed over time: from Columbus Ave., to the 1848 rail road cut, to the northern edge of the 1867 map of new building lots, or even—in the opinion of those who know little or nothing of the neighborhood's actual history—to Interstate 95.
Adding to the controversy is disagreement among residents as to whether City Point should be considered an independent neighborhood or one of several neighborhoods that constitute The Hill (or "Hill South"), i.e. along with Kimberly Square and Trowbridge Square. Considering the historical "migration" southward of City Point's perceived northern boundary, as well as the fact that Gerard Hallock was instrumental in developing both Trowbridge Square and City Point, perhaps an acceptable compromise would be to describe City Point as "a distinct neighborhood within a larger area that today is called The Hill".
a portion of the 1824 Amos Doolittle "Plan of New Haven". The road just above the words "OYSTER POINT" is Congress Street, later called Congress Ave. The creek above and parallel to Congress Street separated the Oyster Point Quarter from Sodom Hill (later simply called "The Hill"). Full map can be seen here: http://emuseum.chs.org/emuseum/media/view/Objects/17602/19658?t:state:flow=51284e13-2608-4c9f-b9d9-30fc844ccd7f
In stating this compromised definition, this author must point out that the steep rise from the shore of downtown's long-vanished West Creek north of Congress Ave—a rise from which The Hill derived its name—was long-considered by New Haven residents and cartographers to be a distinct topographical feature—distinct from the steep bluff that formerly marked the Oyster Point Quarter: a steep bank along the southern side of a former creek just north of Columbus Ave, continuing southward along the harbor shore along former West Water Street—parallel to Cedar St. and Hallock Ave—and following the harbor shore down to the end of Oyster Point, where Sea St. & South Water Street now intersect.
But then, it also must be acknowledged that City Point—is no longer a "point"! ~*~*~
>>To see ~ Historic MAPS ~ AND ~Historic Photos~ of the City Point neighborhood, as well as other pages on this website, click MENU on smartphones; on PC scroll back to top of this page and click desired page tab. Continue scrolling downward to read "Sources, With Notes": materials used by the author to research City Point's history.
Author Christopher Schaefer, a long-time member of the New Haven Museum And Historical Society, The New Haven Preservation Trust, the Connecticut Trust for Historic Preservation, and the National Trust for Historic Preservation, has lived in City Point in the 1871 Lane-Hubbard House at 84 Second Street since 1986,
and becomes visibly perturbed when told that he lives in a mythical neighborhood called "Hill South". Despite his proposed compromised definition in the preceding Epilogue, he personally prefers to think of City Point as a separate neighborhood, distinct from the Hill. However, despite rumors to the contrary, he (currently) has no plans to have it declared The Independent Republic Of City Point.
SOURCES, With Notes
Annual Report of the Board of Education of the New Haven City School District, for the year ending September, 1858 New Haven: T.J.Stafford, 1858
Annual Report …City School District, for the year ending Sept. 1, 1868 New Haven: Tuttle, Morehouse & Taylor, 1868 [This is the first municipal report to list the former Oyster Point School as the City Point School– unfortunately with no explanation for the name change.]
Annual Report …City School District, for the year ending Aug. 31, 1877 New Haven: Tuttle, Morehouse & Taylor, 1877
Atlas of the City of New Haven, Connecticut Philadelphia: G. M. Hopkins, 1888
Atwater, Edward, ed. History of the City of New Haven New York: H.W. Munsell & Co., 1887
Baldwin, Simeon Public Parks New Haven: Penderson & Crisand, 1881 [briefly mentions the history of The Cedars beach]
Barber, John W. History and Antiquities of New Haven, Connecticut from Its Earliest Settlement to the Present Time…3rd edition. New Haven: Penderson, Crisand & Co., 1870
Benham's New Haven Directory New Haven: J. H. Benham, 1858-59 [includes first listing of Oyster Point School], 1866-67 [now listed as City Point School], 1870-71, 1875 [The 1870-71 edition lists the City Point School at 20 Howard Ave., near S. Water St., and lists Second St. as being in City Point and Greenwich Ave. as extending from Kimberly Ave. to City Point. The other numbered streets of City Point as well as Hallock Ave. are not listed, since they had not yet been built upon. South Water St. is described as being in Oyster Point. Thus, at this time the names Oyster Point and City Point were being used interchangeably. This also would bolster the claim by some residents that City Point begins on the even-numbered side of Lamberton St., between Hallock & Howard Aves., since this is the northern boundary of the 1867 map of building lots, approved for sale in 1868: the official establishment of the Hallock family's housing development which they named "City Point".]
Brown, Elizabeth Mills New Haven: A Guide To Architecture and Urban Design New Haven: Yale University Press, 1976 [gives brief history of some of the houses in New Haven, including City Point]
Caplan, Colin M. A Guide to Historic New Haven, Connecticut Charleston, S.C.: The History Press, 2007 [guided walking/driving tours for New Haven history buffs; includes history of many City Point houses]
Carroll, J. Halsted Memorial of Gerard Hallock New Haven: Tuttle, Morehouse & Taylor, 1866
http://www.cityofnewhaven.com/CityPlan/pdfs/Maps/NeighborhoodPlanningMaps/Hill.pdf [This City Plan Dept. map of the Hill comprises all of the areas formerly known as Sodom Hill and The Oyster Point Quarter.]
www.census.gov [Both the Kimberly Square and the City Point neighborhoods together comprise New Haven's 2000 census tract no.1404. The City Plan Department's copy of this map labels tract 1404 "City Point", further adding to the traditional confusion and disagreement over what actually constitutes "City Point". The City Plan Dept.'s version of the census map also points out—quite correctly—that there are no "official" neighborhood boundaries in New Haven.]
City Yearbook of the City of New Haven, 1876 Hartford: Case, Lockwood & Brainard Co.
City Yearbook of the City of New Haven for 1932 New Haven: The S.Z. Field Co., 1933 [This edition includes a brief history of New Haven's major bridges, and describes the 1929 dredging at the mouth of the West River: the beginning-of-the-end of the West River salt marsh.]
Connecticut State Library Fairchild Aerial Survey 1934
Court of Common Council [predecessor of Board of Aldermen], City of New Haven: Vol. 3, 1822-1833, p. 187 [3rd Sept., 1830; list of new streets in the Oyster Point Quarter: Putnum, Carlisle, Port-see, Columbus, Salem, Cedar, Liberty Sts., plus Spireworth Sq. (later renamed Trowbridge Sq.)] ; Vol. 4, 1833-1840, p. 268 [Nov. 12th, 1839; request to affix numbers to buildings in city so a directory can be compiled]; Vol. 11, p. 111 [May 4, 1868; plan of 1867 map of Hallock's heirs officially approved for development by the Council]
Dana, Arnold G. The Dana Collection aka New Haven Old and New New Haven Museum and Historical Society [invaluable collection of photos and newspaper clippings from New Haven's past]
DiChello, Angelo; private photo collection
Doolittle, Amos, engraver Plan of New Haven 1824 [map]
Ernst, Margaret M. Donald Grant Mitchell & the Birth of the New Haven Park System: An Urban Adaptation of Rural Republicanism New Haven: New Haven Colony Historical Society, 1980
Galpin, Virginia M. New Haven's Oyster Industry: 1638-1987 New Haven Colony Historical Society, 1989
Goldberg, Cary, ed. inside New Haven's Neighborhoods: A Guide To The City Of New Haven New Haven: George E. Platt Co., 1982 [includes reflections by residents on the racial divide created when City Point was bisected by Interstate 95. Thirty-five years after this book was published, demographic segregation within the neighborhood gradually is dissipating.]
Hallock, Charles The Hallock-Holyoke Pedigree and Collateral Branches in the United States, Being a Revision of the Hallock Ancestry of 1866 prepared by Rev. Wm. A. Hallock, D.D. Amherst: Press of Carpenter & Morehouse, 1906 ["At one time, before the (Civil) war, he was active in the Southern (Church) Aid Society…under whose auspices and furtherance the slaves of the South would have been manumitted without war or bloodshed, as summarily and peacefully as were the slaves of Brazil… It was Mr. Hallock's efforts to prevent forceful action that brought him to the inquisition of the anti-slavery politicians, who persisted in provoking a conflict, and thereby shortened his life." According to the death notice in the Hartford Cour | 3,534 |
11 years of service – the road to success
<|fim_middle|> built on innovation, technical expertise and downright hard work", says co-founder Helen Manning.
Announcements regarding major projects and new textbooks to add to LMI Group's well-regarded suite of publications will be made soon. Watch this space! | Today, LMI Group celebrated 11 years of providing loss management, risk assessment and technical advice to the insurance and business communities.
From quite humble beginnings, but with ambitious plans to provide the highest level of service and technical expertise, LMI Group has grown to include seven offices in five Australian states, as well as offices in New Zealand, Singapore, Jakarta, China, and the United Arab Emirates. The group also has affiliates in the United Kingdom, South Africa and North America.
While the company's initial focus was on claims preparation (which still accounts for 50% of revenue and personnel), LMI Group now delivers a range of services, both electronically and through consultancy work. Our six electronic services are eClaims.com.au (2000), LMI PolicyComparison (2003), LMI ContinuityCoach (2006), LMI BICalculator (2007), LMI RiskCoach (2009), and LMI PolicyCoach (2010). Consultancy services include training, insurance health checks / sum insured reviews, policy drafting and review, risk surveys and business continuity planning.
LMI Group has shown great community responsibility by assisting home and business owners with claims advice and advocacy on a pro bono basis and via the 'No Tax On Insurance' initiative. This will all continue moving forward according to LMI Group's CEO Dr Allan Manning.
With the great brand reputation of LMI Group, the company expects to continue growing at more than 25% per annum, as it has done since inception. "The long-term growth has been | 326 |
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