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Over 500 homes approved in London at two sites
Pocket Living has secured two planning committee decisions for two housing developments in London, totalling almost 500 homes.
The first is a major Build to Rent scheme on a site in the Old Oak Opportunity Area. The BtR development will provide 457 Build to Rent homes, with 35% affordable. They consist of studios, one-bed, two-bed and three-bed homes, with 137 (35% by habitable room) provided at either London Living Rent or Discount Market Rent levels.
Atlas Wharf, on Atlas Road NW10 and adjacent to the Grand Union Canal is Pocket's first BtR development and includes three buildings, all connected at ground floor level via a podium, containing a shared entrance, resident amenity spaces, cycle storage and commercial and retail uses that will be open to the public.
Thomasin Renshaw, Pocket Living Development Director, said: "We believe that with unrivalled connectivity across London and the UK via HS2 and the Elizabeth line, Old Oak will become a thriving, inclusive and healthy new urban district, with huge benefits for current and new residents and businesses alike.
"These homes will be thoughtfully designed and based on the Pocket ethos of good quality at an attainable price. At the heart of BtR developments<|fim_middle|> of stylish spaces for the last 15 years, well before the BtR sector was established in the UK."
The second permission came from Barnet Council who voted for the building of a new development, between three and five storeys, at Dolman Close in Finchley N3. It comprises 60 new homes, 56 of which will be intermediate affordable homes for sale (at prices 20% discounted to the local market). The proposed affordable homes will remain affordable in perpetuity for future buyers through lease conditions and restrictions within the Section 106 Agreement. | is the amenity space and how this fosters a sense of community. We have been delivering these types | 21 |
Asset Quest focuses on aggregating properties throughout Florida. However, we can initiate our target land acquisition to anywhere that meets your demand. Over the past 10 years we have built custom designed software that makes us efficient and automated in acquiring target properties.
Our clients include worldwide institutional investors such as insurance companies, pension funds and REIT's. We also work heavily with financial institutions, land development companies, multiple public and private companies, and individual real estate investors and developers. Our real estate clients are leaders in the real estate development, investment, and lending businesses, the hospitality and resort industries and in the retail, agricultural and industrial sectors. These investors often seek representation when pursuing investment and development properties. We serve our clients and buyers by focusing on key investment properties, identified by our land acquisition professionals.
All of our clients receive prompt service & advice, utilizing expertise found throughout the Asset Quest organization. Our brokers, real estate analysts<|fim_middle|> contact me directly. | , land appraiser, GIS mapping specialists, accountants and land acquisition team, all come together to provide the highest quality of due diligence reporting.
Our experienced staff, our relationships and resources throughout the real estate industry help our customers accomplish their goals with complete satisfaction. Our passion for real estate keeps us growing and we are happy to guide you in your Quest for Assets.
For detailed discussions of your intentions to invest, please | 84 |
Smart home tech promises to make life easier. Now, Coldwell Banker is helping to make selling your house easier, too. In fact it's so keen on home gadgetry it's going to start selling "Smart Home Staging Kits" to help homeowners smarten up their listing.
Coldwell Banker who is<|fim_middle|> Banker. The idea is simple: a smarter home is an easier sell. | a sponsor of CNET Smart Home partnered with CNET last year to study the emerging smart home category and learn how it might impact the real estate trade.
The results were fascinating -- particularly the fact that 81 percent of respondents said they would be more likely to buy a home if it already had smart home tech installed."Smart home technology is a consumer driven movement," said Sean Blankenship, Coldwell Banker's chief marketing officer. "Our research confirms this technology has a positive influence in the appeal of a home -- and agents agree."
To that end, Coldwell Banker has signed a first-of-its-kind supplier agreement to sell bundled kits of gadgets to homeowners who list their home on Coldwell | 143 |
The UAE Energy Minister Suhail Al-Mazrouei says OPEC will maintain output at 30 million barrels of oil a day, and wants to monitor the price for three months before even considering a meeting about possible changes.
"We are not going to change our minds because the prices went to $60 or to $40," Mazrouei told Bloomberg on Sunday at a conference in Dubai.
"We're not targeting a price; the market will stabilize itself," he said commenting on a statement by a Venezuelan official on Friday who said the country may propose convening an extraordinary meeting of the cartel.
Mazrouei said an emergency OPEC meeting under current conditions isn't justified. "We need to wait for at least a quarter" to consider an urgent session, he said.
OPEC Secretary-General Mohammad El-Badri said Sunday he hadn't heard anything about an emergency meeting. He believes oil prices aren't yet in line with the market and the cartel hasn't set a price goal, so an extraordinary meeting would not help to level the price.
"We will not have a real picture about oil prices until the end of the first half of 20<|fim_middle|> Friday, at $61.65 per barrel. The next meeting of the cartel is scheduled for June 5. | 15," El-Badri said. The price will have settled by the second half of next year, and OPEC will have a clear idea by then about "the required measures," he said.
El-Badri added that the cartel's decision isn't aimed at weakening other oil producers or undermining rival economies.
The price of oil has lost 20 percent since OPEC's last meeting on November 27. On Monday the price of Brent crude has slightly recovered to $62.29 at 11 AM MSK after hitting a five-year low on | 117 |
With the 'Wanderlust' repertoire, Rohit showcases with characteristic confidence, a portfolio of evocative portraits which is the result of tracking & living amidst the Rabari nomads from Gujarat. The images, all stark and bold play a transportive function for the viewer.
William Dalrymple, award winning art historian, critic and writer quotes, "Rohit Chawla's Wanderlust portfolio is one of the most remarkable to come out of the travels of any photographer in India since Cartier-Bresson was here with his Leica in the late 1940s<|fim_middle|> onslaught of time yet retained its identity, its innate sense of style intact. Their fashion, a spontaneous self expression of natural flamboyance, and a sense of continued unity of their community. The traditional textiles, intricate embroidery and motifs, tattoos and the glistening silver they adorn have inspired countless couture collections, on myriad catwalks across the world. We pay tribute and share the relentless spirit and style of this remarkable wandering community. | ".
Wanderlust doesn't merely capture portraiture, but renders a narrative, tellingly offering a glance into the lives of the protagonists of his frames; and this is wherein lies Rohit's ultimate achievement: of not merely presenting the apparent frugal simplicity of the Rabari tribe, but in capturing their underlying power, raw and primal.
Rohit Chawla says about his Wanderlust creation, "Far removed from the flamboyance and exaggerated showmanship of fashion performances on catwalks across the world, I found the natural spontaneous style of the 'Rabaris' to be more beguiling and enticing to a somewhat jaded, fashion photographer's eyes. I have tried to place them in isolation of their surroundings, and treated them like fashion portraits, in an attempt to give the pictures a contemporary sensibility. The effort being, to capture their natural intensity in an otherwise alien make shift studio set-up in an unforgiving desert.
A single, piercing eye behind a cloak of black, a tall lean herder in dusty white, the unspoken intensity of silent faces, resilience etched deep in lines on their foreheads. They walk proud, silver and kohl flashing, amidst camels and sheep in the desert. This pastoral nomadic community of Rabaris has withstood the | 263 |
Abrus precatorius
Rosary pea
Nonnative to FloridaFlorida Noxious Weed ListFISC Category 1 Invasive
Native to: India and Asia
The native range of rosary pea is India and parts of tropical Asia. It has been widely used throughout Florida's landscapes as an ornamental plant for many years. Rosary pea is highly toxic and can be fatal if ingested. In its native range, the roots are used to induce abortion and relieve abdominal discomfort. One of the<|fim_middle|> fall prior to seed set being the most effective. Site must be revisited several times to pull seedlings.
Cut-stump: Triclopyr is effective on large woody vines immediately after the vines are cut down
Foliar: 0.12–0.25% Milestone; 5% glyphosate product
Learn more about this species
Atlas of Florida Plants
Florida Division of Agriculture and Consumer Services- Noxious Weeds
UF/IFAS Assessment of Nonnative Plants in Florida's Natural Areas
Identification and Biology of Nonnative Plants in Florida's Natural Areas- University of Florida
USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service- Plants Database
EDIS Publication- Integrated Management of Nonnative Plants in Natural Areas of Florida
Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER)
View herbarium images from the University of Florida Herbarium Digital Imaging Projects
Recognition Card | most deadly plant toxins, abrin, is produced by rosary pea. Studies have shown that as little as 0.00015% of toxin per body weight will cause fatality in humans (a single seed). Birds appear to be unaffected by the deadly toxin as they readily disperse rosary pea seed. The seeds of this plant are so uniform in size and weight that they are used as standards in weight measurement as well as to make jewelry, including rosaries.
Species Characteristics
Habit: high-climbing, twining or trailing woody vine with slender herbaceous branches
Leaves: alternate, petioled, and even-pinnately compound, 2-5 inches long, with 5 to 15 pairs of oval to oblong leaflets less than 1" long
Flowers: pea-like flowers are small, pale, and white to violet to pink, densely clustered in leaf axils
Fruit: the seed pod is oblong, flat and truncate shaped, roughly 1 1/2 - 2 inches long and curls back when it opens
Seeds: 3 to 8 shiny, hard, brilliant red seeds
Distribution in Florida: central and south
Rosary pea is found throughout central and south Florida, and often invades undisturbed pinelands and hammocks. It also has a tendancy to invade distrurbed sites, such as pastures and roadsides. Though is lacks tendrils, rosary pea can grow over small trees and shrubs. It has a deep taproot, making it very difficult to remove. Fire encourages the growth of rosary pea.
Rosary pea is not recommended by UF/IFAS. Rosary pea is a prohibited plant according to the FDACS Florida Noxious Weed Index. The UF/IFAS Assessment lists rosary pea as prohibited and FLEPPC lists it as a Category l invasive species due to its ability to invade and displace native plant communities.
Regular monitoring and removal of plants can prevent the spread and establishment of rosary pea. Programs to educate homeowners on proper plant identification will also reduce the spread of this species. Native alternatives to rosary pea for use in home landscaping or natural areas include leather flower (Clematis crispa) or Carolina jessamine (Gelsemium sempervirens).
Cultural/Physical
Hand-pulling and removal of entire plants, particularly the roots, is practical for small infestations. Remove seed pods if possible and pull seedlings. Fire provides only temporary control.
Aggressive tillage is an option and very effective, but impractical in many areas.
There are no known biological control agents for rosary pea.
Timing of application is critical to effectiveness; with applications in the | 560 |
Casino Support for Problem Gamblers
Added on December 18, 2018, in Gambling Articles by Dejan Gavrilovic
High-wire High Rollers, Their Abyss and Safety Nets
On the morning of August 7, 1974, the weather in New York City was beautiful, sunny, with almost no clouds. At a little past seven o'clock, when Philippe Petit made his first step, the temperature was at a pleasant 70° Fahrenheit with a light eastern breeze.
Stepping from the unfinished building of World Trade Center into 440 pounds of one inch braided steel cable suspended across 142 feet long gap between Twin Towers at a height of 1,368 feet — with nothing more but 30-foot long, 55-pound balancing pole in his hands — twenty-four years old French high-wire artist…
…performed the high-wire walk that lasted for 45 minutes encompassing eight building-to-building crossings.
Conceived when he was eighteen years old and inspired by an article that described proposed construction of the buildings in 1968, the stunt took him six years of planning.
The process comprised of analyzing weather patterns and towers behavior in the wind, learning the architecture and construction, renting a helicopter to take aerial photographs, using forged ID cards to gain unauthorized access to building sites for eight months, impersonating press reporters before Guy Tozzoli, President of WTC Association, hiding in the upper floors and on the roofs to study security measures and habits of construction workers, bow and arrow training in order to set the fishing line, equipment testing, not to mention his personal training and full onsite rigging done the night before illegally.
Soon after Philippe begun the "artistic crime of the century" to which he referred to as "le coup", thousands of New Yorkers in Lower Manhattan on their way in to work observed his performance in wonder and disbelief, transfixed, stopped in their tracks. Their murmurs and cheers followed shortly.
So did the NYPD, FDNY, and Port Authority officers that came up to the roofs of both buildings trying to persuade him to get off the wire.
Journalists and press had a feast day.
Upon finishing his skywalk that also included dance, laying down on the wire and salute to the watchers on one knee, Philippe was to face the consequences — immediate custody compounded with an incredible magnitude of media coverage and public appreciation.
The district attorney dropped all formal charges — 14 misdemeanors — in exchange for another free high-wire walk, this time for children above Turtle Pond in Central Park.
Credited with bringing much-needed attention to the Twin Towers and reinvigorating the process of offices rental in time of economic recession, Philippe Petit was given a lifetime pass to the World Trade Center Observation Deck by the Port Authority, the official owner<|fim_middle|>ive gamblers is not only misleading but counterproductive.
At the same time, the Massachusetts Gaming Commission decided on the requirement for all state casino operators to implement GameSense, a program developed by the British Columbia Lottery Corporation in Canada, in 2009.
Speaking about it, the BCLC's President and CEO Jim Lightbody said:
"We take our response to problem gambling very seriously."
According to GameSense website, it combines recommendations on responsible gaming with interactive tools and exhibits meant to engage patrons in the casinos providing information on odds of gambling games and on principles of gambling.
GameSense also trains dealers, pit bosses, and food servers what to do if they see a gambler in distress with signs that include:
Pounding a fist on a table or device
Yelling out
Spending more and more time at the slot machines
In parallel endeavor, MGM Resorts International committed to GameSense program by rolling it out in all of their US properties. As part of the commitment, MGM promised to give $1 million in the next five years for a research partnership with BCLC and International Gaming Institute at the University of Nevada in Las Vegas, raising more awareness of the gambling responsibility.
Similar efforts are underway on the international stage.
Casinos in Austria and the Netherlands employ best practices such as:
Visitors strict registration
Players risk assessment of incurring harm to themselves
Imposing limits in patron's games when needed
Excluding the gambler from casinos if necessary
Singapore is considering a following set of rules:
Casinos to form a dedicated team of counselors to help problem gamblers
Operators to register all guests who gamble excessively
Casinos will be empowered to ban compulsive gamblers
A new and de-monopolizing gambling law in Sweden stipulates that:
Operators are to observe players' protection from excessive gambling;
Casinos are to proactively engage in the prevention of early problems and gambling behavior;
They are to be moderate and realistic in their advertising.
The law also provides players with the option to self-exclude themselves from specific operators for at least 12 months.
In the United Kingdom, the UK Gambling Commission is enforcing strategy that pursues fairer and safer environment for players. Effective multi-layer platform creates "well-regulated gambling market that works for consumers".
Balancing on the Wire
The unifying theme of these initiatives is human-to-human orientation. Orchestrated as the joint set of activities to be implemented by casinos, endorsed by state regulators, and welcomed by players, they are to enact new rules of engagement when it comes to pros and cons balance of our pastimes.
More transparent communication with patrons in conjunction with perpetual training of casino staff is to lead towards open dialogue that will provide compulsive gamblers with necessary help, not the judgment.
At the same time, it shall empower society to understand and accept this behavioral disorder instead of its rejection and castigation.
In the end, though, the buck stops with players.
Philippe Petit performed his act with the help and dedication of his support team. But up there, high in the air, it was all on him. He balanced the wire and gave us "the most sublime and transcendent episode in the history of World Trade Center".
Same is with compulsive gambling disorder or any gambling disorder for that matter.
It's on you, on me, on them, on us.
If you don't gamble and consider this to be their problem that they called upon themselves, we earnestly implore you to — think again.
If you are the player that doesn't have this problem and you see someone that could use help — give it without hesitation. Momentarily. For tomorrow you or someone you care for may be in the same situation.
If you are among those two-percenters, please, please don't forget — you are precious human being. You are not alone in this. Others have been there and returned. Today, when global awareness of the monster you're tackling is higher than ever before, you have a number of instruments at your disposal. Use them. Talk to professionals, talk to your family and loved ones, talk to the community. Talk to yourself. There is neither shame nor guilt in that. To the contrary, it takes an extraordinary amount of courage to admit this truth. Those couple of words — I have a compulsive gambling disorder, I need your help — is what makes you far greater person than any amount of money will ever be able to make you.
You have. What it takes. To get back.
To where you belong.
To her. To him.
For only you own yourself.
No one else does nor ever will. | of the buildings.
His performance became an instant part of New York City history further perpetuated through a number of award-winning books and movies depicting "le coup".
Meanwhile, Philippe has made dozens of similar performances while residing in NYC as artist-in-residence. Nowadays he gives lectures and serves as inspiration and testimonial to human capacities, perseverance, and belief.
One question does remain, though.
What would have happened if he felt, free-falling to Manhattan pavement?
High Rollers' Abyss
Indeed, what would be the thoughts of a human being plummeting through the abyss of its own ambitions and expectations? What pictures could be going through the mind that faces the consequences of the illusion of control over the outcome? What feelings rule when one is confronted with the costs of distorted thinking, fallacies, and the relentless pursuit of adrenaline rush?
Luckily, Philippe Petit never had to experience it.
To the contrary, gamblers with the compulsive disorder do.
For them, it begins somewhere deep inside. Something, at some point, goes astray. Whether it is stress or anxiety or a desire or any other reason is certainly personal— each one of us has its own. By chasing elusive rewards these people progressively increase the risks every day. Nothing is enough. There is no edge of the cliff. There is no cliff. Even if it does exist, it's for someone else; it doesn't apply to them.
In their minds, the recovery is mandatory inclusion. Tolerance to losses works overtime building itself into desolator of its own proportions. Never mind today; tomorrow will be the day you'll get some.
They struggle in silence, battling their inner obsessions alone. Their cognitive disorders are behind the wheel while they try to drown their addictions that have "learned to swim" in the meantime.
Until that very same internal fluid overspills into their lives in form of personal tsunami.
Jobs, career opportunities, professional community — wiped out. Friends, significant relationships, loved ones — deeply hurt, jeopardized beneath the lies, dented for good. Trust, integrity, and self-respect — lost, gone. Reputation, image, outlook — tarnished. Personal finances, properties — shattered. The debt — rapidly increasing. The fear — insurmountable.
The fear is the worst thing. It is the type of fear that comes not from the outside but grows on the inside. The recurring, omnipresent, denying, paralyzing type of fear that is hard to describe and understand. Unless experienced.
In order to put this torment into a quantifiable perspective, according to the World Health Organization, five percent of all suicides are related to compulsive gambling. Referencing another study, almost 40 percent of patients admitted to a treatment program for compulsive gambling had at least one suicide attempt. A tertiary source found that 66 percent of a compulsive gamblers sample had contemplated suicide, and 16 percent made a previous attempt.
Who is to be held responsible, to be blamed for the predicament of compulsive gamblers? Without a single shred of doubt, they are.
You know it, we know it, and they know it. But that's not the point.
What we need to understand here is this:
We're talking about intelligent and educated human beings facing the challenge each one of us could face in the future.
It's not some highly selective, irregular menace that goes only after a certain type of people. Compulsive gambling disorder can happen to anybody.
If you think that you're immune, great, but what about your child or spouse or parent or best friend? Hope you'll never have to answer to that question.
But what if you do? To whom will you lean on? Where will your necessary, professional help and support come from?
Friedrich Nietzsche, a German philosopher writes in his Beyond Good and Evil:
"He who fights with monsters should look to it that he himself does not become a monster. And if you gaze long into an abyss, the abyss also gazes into you."
We, the human race, are fighting with the monster of compulsive gambling disorder here. We have gazed into its abyss for a very, very long time throughout our history. The abyss has been also gazing into us for quite some time.
And now we have decided to not gaze back, to stop the vicious cycle.
Instead, to tackle the monster we decided to gaze into ourselves. Together.
The Safety Nets
Twenty or thirty years ago we were not able to talk openly about depression, another monster. It was off-putting to admit such a weakness. Yet here we are today discussing it at large, publicly, transparently, as well as privately. We embraced it.
Depression is no more the elephant in the room. In fact, there is no elephant and there is no room. Just us and what's inside.
People that suffer from depression are not stigmatized anymore. Instead, they enjoy a widespread network of support based on our mindful and meaningful understanding and acceptance.
We realized that one cannot prevent the consequence before pre-empting its cause.
Same is happening with compulsive gambling disorder today. We realize that onus cannot be only on casinos but on society too. Only the combined efforts will result in success.
Casinos are in a peculiar position, for sure. Every initiative in this area results in them losing some of their revenues. Before we roll our eyes on this, let's be honest — would we ban a person and good spender from our restaurant for no other reason than his own good?
And yet again…
…casinos lead the way in a number of initiatives jointly with state regulators.
In 2017 — an eventful and milestone year in this undertaking — the American Gaming Association (AGA) rolled out a new code of conduct deploying consumer protection measures meant to promote responsible gambling. According to Elizabeth Cronan, the AGA's senior director of gaming policy:
"Responsible gambling is an everyday, year-round responsibility that we have to every player… We appreciate that this is an issue that must be top-of-mind industry-wide for all employees, from those that interact daily with consumers on the gaming floor to the senior executive leadership and the boards of directors."
Under the new code of conduct casinos are:
To generally explain games' odds of winning or losing to the players;
To provide training for employees so they can deal with underage gamblers and other issues;
Not use claims promoting the guarantee of social, financial or personal success in their advertising.
The AGA initiative is aimed towards estimated 2% of irresponsible gamblers in the industry. This two percent is a noteworthy and telling statistic. Not every gambler is one with compulsive gambling disorder.
Even if take a grain of salt on this figure — no, let's take a pound of salt — and triple it, it is still in low single digit area of a total number of gamblers. Therefore any generalization in order to equalize terms of gamblers and compuls | 1,417 |
During the early Nineties the surfer on the Island leading the way was Stuart Jones, but not far behind him was a young Craig Sharp who was starting to turn heads. Over the next few years the gap between them got smaller and smaller.
By November 19-20th 1994 it was the South Coast Championships and it was being held on the Isle of Wight. Stuart was the last Islander to win it in 1991 and it was all set to be a great event. It was held at Niton in good size waves helped by a force 5-6 south west wind. The final was between Stuart Jones, Craig Sharp, Ross Williams and Paul Blackley. Paul and Ross didn't get a look in as Craig and Stuart battled to become champion. It was very close but the young Craig came out on top to<|fim_middle|> Surf Trips, Surfer, Surfers Path, surfing, swell, Taranaki, The Noughties, waves, Wight Waters, wightsurfhistory. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. | become the 1994 South Coast Champion.
Craig flew out to New Zealand with Nathan Holt and met up with Paul Blackley. Travelling with Craig was never boring, and if you want to see Craig Surfing, Skiing, Snowboarding, hiking in the bush, on a glacier, bungy jumping, talking to Sea Lions, camping on a smoking volcano, and even herding sheep for 4 miles then check out the pics by clicking here (New Zealand & Bali 1995).
Craig an Isle of Wight born surfer now lives in Portugal and is owner of Pocean Life, Surfing and Self Catering Holidays in Portugal. Pocean Life is located in the cultural town of Ericeira, which boasts some of the best waves in Europe. In less than 3 years Pocean Life now employs about 30 people offering a wide range of surfing hoidays alongside activity holidays in Portugal.
Craig's business was recently featured in an article in the Telegraph. The article was entitled 'Business in Lisbon: opportunities for British companies in Portugal'.
I remember skateboarding at Shanklin pier around 1990… At this time just a few of the boys surfed liked Edd Thompson , Dave Grey and Paul Wilson. They were the Shankers boys and I watched them from the pier end where we all used to skate.. To be honest at that time I preferred the skate scene as I just thought the surf looked kind of slow.. However after a little persuasion from Edd Thompson I managed to have a session down at Wight Waters on the foamies.. Well of course one wave was all it took for me to be totally hooked. I then asked my mum to buy me a board so she did and it was from Raf .. A 6.8 critical section., thanks Rick !! So I surfed everyday until dark and on all conditions.. I would call Edd every day about the surf and we became the shankers groms hahaha..
After that I journeyed onto some amazing surf trips with Blackley, having surfed some of the best waves in NZ and growing up mentally as a surfer, I was now ready for the surfers path.
Since The IOW I have competed in competitions around the Globe which have provided me with a lot of fun and at times financial rewards but the main thing for me today is that surfing is a lifestyle and without the Isle of Wight none of this would be possible. Thank you to all the surf breaks on the Island and all my friends who were of my life. Now I am in Portugal still surfing and making my life from the surf so come on boys lets do an IOW surf session in Coxos..
This entry was posted on Thursday, January 20th, 2011 at 2:08 pm. It is filed under Surfer Profiles, The Noughties and tagged with archive, Barrio Alto, blackley, Chilton, Chris Mannion, Competition, Coxos, Craig Sharp, Dave Grey, Edd, Edd Thompson, Ericeira, Freshwater, freshwater bay, history, IOW Surf Club, IOW Surf Scene, Island, Isle of Wight, Isle of Wight Surf Club, Isle of Wight Surf Scene, Kelly Slater, Lifestyle, Lisbon, Luke Egan, Maldives, Nath, Nathan Holt, New Zealand, niton, NZ#, paul blackley, Paul Wilson, people, photo, photographs, Pier, Pocean, Pocean Life, Portugal, Portuguese, property rental, radical, Raf, Rick, ritical Section, Scott Gardner, Shaklin Pier, Shane Dorian, Shankers, Shankers Boys, Shanklin, Sharpie, Sharpy, Silver Coast, Skate, South Coast Surf Championships, South Coast Surfing Championships, sports holiday, Stent Rd, Stent Road, stoked, Stu Jones, Stuart Jones, surf, Surf Scene, Surf Trip, | 807 |
Quick Recap: Grizzlies blow out Pistons 128-97
The league isn't ready.
By Nathan Chester@NathanChester24 Oct 11, 2021, 9:34pm CDT
Share All sharing<|fim_middle|>20 points on 7-14 shooting and 8 rebounds in 26 minutes. De'Anthony Melton also continued to be excellent, finishing with 16 points, 7 boards, and 4 assists. | options for: Quick Recap: Grizzlies blow out Pistons 128-97
The Memphis Grizzlies look more ready than ever to begin the regular season, as they pounded the depleted Detroit Pistons 127-92 in their fourth preseason game.
The first quarter was an absolute slog as the officials wanted it to be known early that this was THEIR preseason game, calling 18 fouls in the frame. Still, the Grizzlies rode aggressive play from Ja Morant and Jaren Jackson Jr. along with opportunistic defense to take a 34-27 lead.
The defense in particular continues to be eye-opening, as Taylor Jenkins has been electing to almost exclusively forego using drop coverage when Steven Adams isn't on the court. The second quarter was a solid example of the havoc that the Grizzlies can wreak in the passing lanes while switching everything with Jaren at center, as they had 5 steals in the quarter.
Morant would pace the offense with 18 points on 7-8 shooting in 14 minutes, and Tyus Jones added 12 points of his own as the Grizzlies took a 70-46 lead into halftime.
The game would never be in doubt again and served no other purpose than for Morant to show off the new tricks in his bag. In the third quarter, he sank 4 mid-range jumpers in a row, which I'm almost certain that he never did that in an entire game last year. He would total 24 points on 10-13 shooting and 5 assists in 26 minutes.
Jaren Jackson Jr. would finish with | 340 |
Think museums in India are dull and boring? Visit this pick of popular old and dynamic new specialty museums to learn about everything from the Partition to the evolution of transport in India, and textiles to tribal heritage.
The Mewar royal family have converted much of their Udiapur City Palace Complex into a world-class museum, and it's a remarkable place to immerse yourself in India's regal history and heritage. The museum is housed in a series of palaces, dating as far back as 1559, that you can walk through. Its exhibits include priceless royal memorabilia such as silverware, musical instruments, family photographs and portraits, artwork, and weapons. While you're there, visit these other Udaipur City Palace Complex attractions too.
Opening Hours: 9.30 a.m. to 5.30 p.m daily.
Tickets: 300 rupees for adults, 100 rupees for children.
DakshinaChitra Museum, dedicated to south Indian culture, features a collection of 18 authentic historical houses from all over the region. Each one has been transported and reconstructed on the premises, and contains a contextual exhibition related to the lifestyle of the community that it belonged to. The museum opened in December 1996 and is a project of the Madras Craft Foundation. Crafts are promoted via activities and workshops for visitors. The museum also has a handicrafts shop.
Location: East Coast Road, Muttukadu, Chengalpet district, near Chennai, Tamil Nadu. Next to MGM Dizee World.
Tickets: 110 rupees for Indians. 250 rupees for foreigners. Discounts are offered for students.
One of the must-visit attractions in Odisha's capital Bhubaneshwar, this exceptional new interactive museum opened in early 2018. It's spread over a massive 13 acres, and has four zones with eight galleries. These include galleries dedicated to terracotta work, traditional paintings, stone and wood carving, metal crafts, tribal crafts, and hand-looms. Other attractions are an outdoor amphitheater for cultural performances,<|fim_middle|> library and museum shop.
Location: The Retreat, opposite Underbridge, Shahibag, Ahmedabad.
Opening Hours: A two-hour guided tour takes place at 10.30 a.m., daily except Wednesdays and national holidays. The tour is limited to 20 people and you'll need to register in advance (preferably a month beforehand). Do note that children below 10 years of age are not permitted on the tour. | children's play area, and souvenir shop. Free one-hour guided tours take place daily at 11 a.m. in English, plus Ekamra Walks conducts free guided walking tours every Sunday afternoon at 3.30 p.m. Free pottery workshops are also held every Sunday at 2 p.m.
Location: Gandamunda, Pokhariput, Bhubaneshwar, Odisha.
Opening Hours: 10 a.m. to 5 p.m., daily except Mondays.
Tickets: 50 rupees for adults, 20 rupees for students. Children under 12 can enter for free.
Four new museums were inaugurated in the Red Fort's refurbished British barracks in January 2019. The museum complex, known as Kranti Mandir, is a tribute to India's freedom fighters. It covers 160 years of Indian history including the First War of Independence in 1857, Subhas Chandra Bose's Indian National Army, India's participation in World War I, and the Jallianwala Bagh massacre. One of the museums, the Drishyakala Museum, is a collaboration with Delhi Art Gallery. It has 450 rare historical works of art such as paintings by Raja Ravi Varma, Amrita Sher-Gil, Rabindranath Tagore, Abaniindranath Tagore and Jamini Roy.
Location: Red Fort, off Chandni Chowk, Old Delhi.
Tickets: 30 rupees cash, or 21 rupees cashless for Indians. Foreigners pay 350 rupees, or 320 rupees cashless. This is additional to the cost of tickets for entering the Red Fort.
This important museum is dedicated to Mahatma Gandhi (widely considered to be the Father of a Nation for his role in the independence movement). It's located in the building where he spent the last 144 days of his life and was assassinated on January 30, 1948. The room where he stayed has been preserved and contains a number of his personal belongings, including glasses and walking stick. Visitors can also see the place in the back garden where he was shot, now marked with a Martyr's Column. Other items on display include photos, paintings, sculptures, paintings, and inscriptions pertaining to Gandhi's life.
Location: 5 Tees January Road (formerly Albuquerque Road), New Delhi. It's not far from Connaught Place.
Opening Hours: 10 a.m. to 5 p.m., daily except Mondays. Also closed every second Saturday of the month.
Brook Mitchell / Design Pics/Getty Images.
An iconic and imposing Kolkata landmark, Victoria Memorial was constructed during the height of British reign in India in memory of Queen Victoria. It's now an extensive fine art history museum with 25 galleries, displaying a collection of 3,900 paintings and more than 28,000 artifacts. The newest gallery, the Calcutta Gallery, details the history and development of the city from the early days of the East India Company up until the transfer of India's capital to Delhi in 1911. Here's what you need to know before you go to Kolkata.
Location: Kolkata Maidan, near Jawaharlal Nehru Road.
Opening Hours: 10 a.m. to 6 p.m., daily except Mondays and national holidays.
Tickets: 30 rupees for Indians. 500 rupees for foreigners.
Visiting the Wagah Border, which separates India and Pakistan? Now you can discover more about it and how it came into existence. The 17,000 square foot Partition Museum records and preserves the experiences of those affected by the 1947 Partition of India (which took place as part of India's Independence). Housed in the restored Town Hall, some sections of the museum opened in October 2016, with the full launch taking place on August 17, 2017 (the 70th anniversary of The Partition). One of the highlights is the Gallery of Hope, which tells inspiring stories of people who crossed over to the Indian side with nothing and managed to build successful businesses. Plan your trip to Amritsar with this travel guide.
Tickets: Indians 10 rupees. Foreigners 250 rupees.
Also Visit: Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar, a memorial devoted to India's struggle for freedom and the horrific Amritsar Massacre of 1919.
The vibrant Heritage Transport Museum opened in late 2013 and showcases the evolution of transport in India. It's a private museum that was conceived by vintage car collector Tarun Thakral, and he's included his collection in the museum's expansive display. Expect to see all kinds of transport such as howdahs, bullock and goat carts, palanquins, vintage scooters, aircraft, boats, trains, and unusual contraptions used in rural India. Fascinating! In addition to the galleries, the museum also has a library, reference center, conference rooms, mini auditorium, souvenir shop, and restaurant spread over its four floors.
Location: Bilaspur-Taoru Road (Major District Road 132) off NH 8 (Bilaspur Chowk), Taoru, Gurgaon, Haryana. The museum can be visited on a day trip from Delhi.
Opening Hours: 10 a.m. to 7 p.m., daily except Mondays.
Tickets: 400 rupees for adults, 200 rupees for children. (The rate is the same for both foreigners and Indians). Free entry for disabled persons and children aged under three.
Learn about the history of the Indian Army, and the bravery of its soldiers during the 1965 Indo-Pakistan War and 1971 Battle of Longewala, at the new Jaisalmer War Museum. The museum was conceptualized by Lieutenant General Bobby Mathews and inaugurated in August 2015. It has two large display halls, an audio visual room, souvenir shop, and cafeteria. Up for viewing are numerous war trophies, vintage equipment, tanks, guns and military vehicles. One of the highlights is a Hunter aircraft, used by the Indian Air Force during the Battle of Longewala. Here's what else to see and do in Jaisalmer.
Location: The Jaisalmer Military Station, situated not far from Jaisalmer on the Jaisalmer-Jodhpur Highway.
Opening Hours: 10 a.m. to 5 p.m., daily.
Tickets: Free to enter, although there's a cost for documentary screenings.
The Madhya Pradesh Tribal Museum opened in June 2013 as a celebration of the state's tribal culture. Don't expect to find the usual staid collection of artifacts at this inventive museum. What makes it remarkable is that its displays have been created by tribal artists, from the various major tribes of Madhya Pradesh and Chattisgarh, themselves. The engaging and colorful galleries of tribal life, aesthetics, and spirituality are alive with creativity and artistic expression. You'll feel like you've been magically transported to a tribal village. The museum often hosts cultural programs as well.
Location: Shyamala Hills, between the State Museum and Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Manav Sangrahalaya Archaeological Museum, Bhopal.
Opening Hours: Noon to 7 p.m., daily except Mondays and state holidays.
Tickets: 10 rupees for Indians. 100 rupees for foreigners. Free for children under 10 years of age. Photography costs 50 rupees.
This vast and well-organized museum is promotes the indigenous and tribal cultures of Northeast India. It's spread over seven floors, with each floor having a different theme. The highlight on the top floor is a Sky Walk with panoramic views across Shillong. There are 17 galleries including agriculture, costumes, food, housing, language, people, religion, and weapons. In addition, a short documentary about Northeast India is screened. The museum also has restaurant that serves traditional indigenous Northeast cuisine. Visit these other tourist destinations in Meghalaya while you're there.
Location: Guwahati-Shillong Road, Mawlai, Shillong.
Opening Hours: 9.00 a.m. to 5.30 p.m. (until 4.30 p.m. from December 1 to January 31). Closed Sundays and public holidays.
Tickets: 100 rupees for Indians. 200 rupees for foreigners. Photography costs 250 rupees (DSLR camera) or 100 rupees (cell phone).
Love handicrafts? Don't miss visiting the Living and Learning Design Center for remarkable insight into the lives and culture of artisan communities in Gujarat's Kutch region. Its museum complex was inaugurated in early 2016 and has galleries, a library, and three crafts studios. The exhibits feature a variety of local crafts including textiles, pottery, and metal, wood and stone work.
Location: 705 Bhuj-Bhachau Road, Ajrakhpur, Kutch.
Opening Hours: Daily except Mondays, from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m.
Tickets: 50 rupees for adults. 20 rupees for children.
If you're interested in textiles, the Calico Museum of Textiles is also worth visiting. It has an enormous collection of traditional Indian textiles, some dating back 500 years. The museum was set up in 1949 at Calico Mills, in the heart of Ahmedabad's flourishing textile industry, by industrialist Gautam Sarabha his sister Gira Sarabhai. Later, as the museum's collection expanded and the Sarabhai Foundation took over the management of it, the museum was shifted to its current atmospheric premises in 1983. The ornate chauk features the main galleries, with court textiles of Mughal and provincial rulers from the 15th to 19th centuries, regional embroideries of the 19th century, carpets, costumes, and a display of India's textile trade with the world. The haveli (old mansion) houses religious textiles with depictions of Indian deities, paintings and sculptures. There's also a gallery of Indian textile techniques, | 2,179 |
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Avery Grieco and the Peabody Tanners 12-year-old Little League Softball All-Stars play their first Regional game Saturday in Bristol, CT.
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Regional round games will be streamed on ESPN+. | -Stars weren't quite slated as favorites at the start of the summer tournament season. But now they're ready to roll into the regional round, which begins this weekend with Saturday's (4) game against Pennsylvania.
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Bettencourt noted that Peabody's offense remains a question mark moving into the regional round as the team won't know what type of pitching it will face in the upcoming games.
Stout defense has also been a key ingredient of Peabody's winning recipe.
Defensively, Lomasney has called an excellent string of games behind the plate, Petrillo has played a stellar shortstop and Hailey Roach has been solid at second base. Peabody's youngest player, Elizabeth Bettencourt, also Mark's daughter, has played great defense at first base.
And Peabody's outfielders, including their substitutes, haven't missed a beat. Although Bettencourt and Grieco don't allow many opposing batters to put the ball in play in the outfield, the Tanners outfielders have gotten the job done when needed.
Mia Philbrook and Marissa Simmons play left field, Kiley Doolin and Alana Sweeney team up in center and Jessica Steed and Penelope Spack pair up | 464 |
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Business Single Mom Planet looks out for mothers; Single Mother Neferteri Shepherd founds non-profit to empower fellow single mothers
Single Mom Planet looks out for mothers; Single Mother Neferteri Shepherd founds non-profit to empower fellow single mothers
Published on Thursday, 14 August 2014 17:41
Written by Maya Humes
By Maya Humes
LAWT Contributing Writer
Today, there are 12 million single parent families in the United States. Single mothers head more than 80% of those 12 million families.
When Neferteri Shepherd's marriage crumbled after 5 years and the birth of her two children, her life was immediately turned upside down. Gone were the days when she could leave her kids with her husband while she ran her daily errands; now a quick trip to the grocery store required complex coordination. Con<|fim_middle|> watching everything you do and everything you say. They love mama, there's nobody like mama. We raise leaders, we raise people who change the world. What you do is not in vain. And you're not alone. Single mom planet is here." | fronted with the new responsibilities that came with single motherhood, Shepherd felt vulnerable and overwhelmed.
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Once she launched Single Mom Planet in June of 2013, she delineated her primary goals immediately. She decided that Single Mom Planet would focus upon empowering mothers in five different areas: relationships, self-image and beauty, financial literacy, spirituality, and service.
Today, in order to facilitate that empowerment, moms who join Single Mom Planet are immediately partnered with mentors who specialize in the area in which the mom seeks empowerment. If a mother wants to buy her own home, Single Mom Planet will partner her with a real estate agent. If a mother wants to work on her relationships, she will be partnered with a relationship expert. Single Mom Planet also has a large contingent of mothers and employees who write articles on their website, singlemomplanet.com, in order to encourage other single mothers.
These articles are filled with advice regarding how to enjoy "Girls Night Out", how to "Get Fit With Your Kids", and how to live according to the "Three Pillars of Health".
Single Mom Planet does not focus solely upon the well being of single mothers. Currently, there are more than 22 million children being raised within single parent families. Single Mom Planet strongly considers the influence that mothers can have upon their children's outlook on life. Shepherd emphasizes that, "When you transform the mind of a single mother and show her a brighter future, then her life will transform. And her children will transform as well. She will be able to bring more to the future of her children. Single mothers often take on this abandonment persona and they often manifest that feeling in their child. As a mom, maybe you possess certain flaws, but you don't want your child to be limited by those same flaws."
More than a year ago, Shepherd and the rest of her staff organized their first successful Single Mom Planet event, a brunch that allowed single parent families to unite and share their stories. "It makes me wanna cry right now just thinking about the brunch," Shepherd recalls. "We had a 16-year-old girl talking about how she's never seen her father. It's so moving because you see how much hurt they have in their heart."
The brunch was only the first in a series of events that Single Mom Planet has organized with the intention of healing single mothers along with their children. This October, Single Mom Planet is organizing a jazz festival in order to celebrate and honor single mothers and their families.
Above all, Single Mom Planet is a place where women can go to reclaim their lives. "Just know that you are so powerful," Shepherd stresses. "Don't let what life has shown you thus far take away your power. Don't live in the past, move forward. Your kids are | 641 |
Download ICA5 Instruction Manual
ICA5 S and A Versions
Strain Gauge or Load Cell Embedded
Analogue Amplifier
www.mantracourt.co.uk
ICA5S and ICA5A Manual
Introduction to the ICAS and ICAH Range of In-Cell Amplifiers ................................................................ 2
Chapter 1 The ICAS and H Range ..................................................................................................... 3
Figure 1.1 Block Diagram ................................................................................................................ 3
Chapter 2 Installing The ICA5S and ICA5A .......................................................................................... 4
Pre Installation ............................................................................................................................ 4
Figure 2.1 Dimensions ................................................................................................................... 4
Power Connections ....................................................................................................................... 5
Figure 2.2 Connection Details .......................................................................................................... 5
Figure 2.3 Connection Details for Best EMC Immunity ............................................................................. 5
Table 2.1 ................................................................................................................................... 6
Output Connections ...................................................................................................................... 6
Output Shunt Resistance Formula ..................................................................................................... 6
Chapter 3 Setting Gain and Offset Values .......................................................................................... 7
Calculating the Gain Resistor (R2) ..................................................................................................... 7
Offset Resistor (R1) ...................................................................................................................... 7
Chapter 4 Calibration ................................................................................................................... 8
Figure 4.1 Connection Details for Calibration ....................................................................................... 8
Chapter 5 Troubleshooting ............................................................................................................ 9
Chapter 6 Product Care ............................................................................................................... 10
Chapter 7 Glossary ..................................................................................................................... 11
Chapter 8 Specifications .............................................................................................................. 13
Table 8.1 ICA5S – 4-20mA 2 wire Specifications .................................................................................... 13
Table 8.2 ICA5A – 4-20mA 2 wire Specifications ................................................................................... 14
Other Mantracourt Products.......................................................................................................... 15
Mantracourt Electronics Limited ICA5S and ICA5A User Manual
Introduction to the ICAS and ICAH Range of In-Cell Amplifiers
Two new families, the ICAS (industrial stability) and ICAH (high stability) have been introduced into the Mantracourt
range of In-Cell Amplifiers. They offer improved performance and easier installation over the original designs.
The following points detail the main changes:
The ICA1 and ICA2 output ranges have been changed to cover 0.1V to 10.1V and 0.1V to 5.1V respectively to
facilitate calibration and interpretation of the output level.
The linearity has been improved at the lower end of the scale (down to 70mV output).
Excitation is standardised at 5V DC on the ICA1,2,3,4 and 6.
The performance of the ICA family has been much improved over the operating temperature range by using
high performance, auto-zero amplifiers and low drift resistors.
The standard ('S') versions give a 200% improvement compared to the earlier versions.
The high performance ('H') versions are fitted with higher-specification resistors to offer a 400%
improvement over the earlier versions.
The user-selectable span resistor is mounted via two standard plated through holes in the printed circuit
board making it easier to change if required.
There is also provision for a second resistor (not normally fitted) to give an offset zero if required for
example, 5.1V ±5V for an ICA1.
All wire connections are via plated through holes instead of the single-sided pads used in the original design.
This allows all wires to enter from either side of the board resulting easier installation and improved joint
Multi-layer printed circuit boards and additional filtering has been added to further improve the EMC
Faster and easier mounting/installation: The mounting hole size and position has been standardised on all
models and also provides the capacitive-coupling connection to the sensor body which further improves the
EMC performance.
The hole will accommodate a 2mm (#0-80) screw with adequate clearance for the head.
As this mounting method is compatible with our range of 'D-Cell' products, a single pocket design will
accept either digital or analogue conditioners.
An ATEX (Intrinsic Safety) certified version of the ICA5 will be introduced.
All variants are RoHS compliant.
All models have a reduced height of just 7.6mm. The diameter remains at 19.5mm.
A new model, the ICA6 has been introduced which will provide a ±10 Volt output from a uni-polar 15 to 28V
supply.
Non-interaction between the trimmers makes calibration easier and faster.
Chapter 1 The ICAS and H Range
Figure 1.1 Block Diagram
The ICA is a Strain Gauge Amplifier, converting a strain gauge input to a Volt or mA output – otherwise known as a
Signal Conditioner.
The ICA provides a wide range of signal conditioning for Strain Gauges, Load Cells, Pressure and Torque Transducers.
Offered in 6 versions and two performance categories, ICAS and ICAH. The ICAH offers lower drift over the operating
temperature range.
ICA1
- 0.1 to 10.1V
- 0.1 to 5.1V
- 10V / 15V supply
- 4 to 20mA
– 4 to 20mA
– 10V / 15-24V supply
This manual only deals with the ICA5 version, separate manuals exist for versions ICA1 & 2, ICA3 and ICA4.
The ICA5 is available in two versions, the standard ICA5S and the soon to be introduced ATEX (intrinsic safety)
ICA5A.
N.B. The ICA5 is designed for a 1k bridge, however 350R can be used with a reduced performance.
Transducer SENSITIVITY of between 0.5 mV/V and 55 mV/V are possible. It is optimized to 2.5 mV/V.
Sensitivity adjustment is achieved by a combination of gain (span) resistor 'R2' change and associated fine
adjustment by potentiometer.
Similarly transducer ZERO can be compensated for in the module. This adjustment is to compensate for slight errors
in the strain gauge and not to offset tare. The value of R1 (Figure 2.2) can be modified to increase the trim range of
the zero point.
Chapter 2 Installing The ICA5S and ICA5A
Pre Installation
See Specification Details in Chapter 8 for details of Environmental Approvals.
Carefully remove the ICA unit from its shipment box. Check that the unit is complete and undamaged.
The ICA units can operated in any industrial environment providing the following limits are not exceeded
-40ºC to +85ºC
95% non condensing
The following installation practices are advised:
Minimise vibration
Do not mount next to strong electrical fields (transformers, power cables)
Ensure easy access to the module
Install electrical protection device as the unit is not internally fused
Always ensure the package is secure and protected
Figure 2.1 Dimensions
The module is designed to fit in the strain gauge pocket. Use the 2.1mm hole to secure the unit and to provide a
good ground connection.
The mounting hole will accept an M2 screw or American equivalent #0-80.
Important Note: DO NOT USE #2 screw size.
Take care when soldering cables to the pads. Use a temperature controlled soldering iron set to a maximum 330 ºC,
for no longer than 2 seconds per pad. Excessive heat or increased soldering time may result in damage to the PCB.
If changing resistor R1 or R2 do so at a workbench and not on site.
Check the relevant details for model ICA5– ensure the module matches the instructions.
The ICA5 solder pads are as shown
4 pads for the strain gauge
2 pads for power supply/signal
The fixing screw hole provides a ground connection to improve EMC performance.
The power supply for the ICA5S should be between 7.5 and 28V
The minimum supply for the ICA5A version is 9V
Figure 2.2 Connection Details
The strain gauge cable should be attached to the solder pads as illustrated.
N.B The voltage between either of the power supply connections and the load cell chassis should not exceed 50V.
Any leakage will be greater than 10M Ohms.
Figure 2.3 Connection Details for Best EMC Immunity
The securing bolt should be used to provide a good electrical ground and mechanical support. This is important for
optimum EMC performance.
This typical cable data is provided for information only.
The cable should have 2 x twin twisted cables. Ideally each pair should be individually shielded and with an overall
shield.
Individually shielded twisted multipair cable (7/0.25mm)- 2 pair
Tinned copper drain. Individually shielded in polyester tape.
Diameter: 4.1mm
Capacitance/m: core to core 115 pF & core to shield 203 pF
Note: For easy connections the above 1 pair cable is recommend, however the ones below can be used:
Capacitance/m: core to core 98 pF & core to shield 180 pF
Braided shielded twisted multipair cable (7/0.2mm)- 1 pair
Miniature- twin -round Diameter: 5.2 mm
The ground connection conductor should have sufficient cross-sectional area to ensure a low impedance path to
attenuate RF interference.
Output Connections
The ICA5 analogue output is 4 to 20mA. The power and signal are combined in a single pair cable, simplifying
N.B. Neither connection to the output load is electrically common to the load cell.
The following formula gives the suitable range of shunt resistance for low supply voltage operation.
Output Shunt Resistance Formula
ICA5S: the shunt resistance must be less than:
((Vsupply -7.5) / 20mA) – Rwiring
e.g. assuming 10 Ohms wiring resistance and 9V supply:
Max shunt resistance = ((9 - 7.5) / 0.02) –10 = 65 Ohms
ICA5A: the shunt resistance must be less than:
((Vsupply -9) / 20mA) – Rwiring
Chapter 3 Setting Gain and Offset Values
The ICA5 (4 to 20mA) In-Cell strain gauge amplifier is supplied un-calibrated but optimized for a sensitivity of
2.5mV/V. To accommodate other sensitivities the gain resistor 'R2' as shown in Figure 2.2, can be changed
according to the following formulae.
N.B. a high quality component (e.g. 1% 50 ppm metal film device) should be used for optimum performance. It may
be necessary to use an E96 value for optimum trim range: -
Calculating the Gain Resistor (R2)
10 k Ohms
(mV / V ) Vexc
Where mV / V is the sensitivity of the load cell (in mV/V), Vexc is the excitation voltage (in volts).
The following table gives calculated values of Vexc for various standard load cell impedances:
Load Cell Impedance
Excitation voltage (Vexc)
e.g. For a 2.5mV/V 1000 Ohm load cell : R2 = 217k Ohms – use 220k (nearest preferred value)
Use the following formulae to calculate the excitation voltage for cell impedances not given in the table:
(1/ Rcell ) 4.762 10 exp 6
Vexc
2.5 Rx
e.g. for a 500 Ohm load cell:
Rx = 498.8 Ohms
Excitation Voltage, Vexc = 0.693V
Offset Resistor (R1)
The value of R1 can be changed to offset the zero point, if outside the normal trimming range (±2% FS).
Its value will also depend on the impedance of the load cell. The factory-fitted value, 180k is optimised for a 1000
Ohm cell.
If a 350 Ohm cell is used, R1 should be reduced to 30k to achieve a trim range of ±2% FS
Chapter 4 Calibration
Figure 4.1 Connection Details for Calibration
1. Apply the low calibration conditions (weight, force or mV/V). Set the output to 4mA using the 'Z' potentiometer.
2. Apply the known high calibration conditions (ideally between 75% and full scale) and adjust the 'S'
potentiometer to give the required output current for the known input.
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SGA Manual - Applied Measurements Ltd | e.g. 16mA for 4-20mA final calibration with 75% input or 20mA if 100% input.
Chapter 5 Troubleshooting
No Output
Check power supply is present and the correct polarity
Check the output connections are correct with no open circuit connections
Check terminations (ensure there are no dry joints)
Check the sensor is connected with the power off (impedance check)
Check the Excitation voltage is correct
Check the load is connected and is not open or short circuited
Check Span and Gain calibration
2. Low Output
This is when an output is present but not of sufficient magnitude to meet the required value. Remember to allow for
Tare Weight and ensure it is measured and allowed for in the output from the ICA
a) Check power supply is within specified limits (i.e. is not low – Voltage check)
b) Check the sensor is connected (typically reading 1000 Ohm across output + & -) with the power off
c) Check the Excitation voltage is at 1.1V dc for a 1k load cell (0.53V for 350R)
d) Check the calibration
e) Check the Zero (offset) is correct for the sensor, this too is a common reason for low outputs
3. High Output
This is when an output is present but higher (in span or zero) than expected.
High output is not normally a problem. It is most likely to be incorrect connections and as such the output would be
high and fixed.
a) Check the sensor is connected (Impedance check) with the power off
b) Check the Excitation voltage is at 1.1V dc (assuming a 1k load cell)
c) Check the Zero (offset)
4. Unstable Output
This is when the output is unstable or varies. The cause could be (a) poor installation or (b) a noisy environment.
Poor Installation -This is when an output is present but higher or lower (in span or zero) than expected:
a) Check the installation for problems and repair where necessary
b) Poor termination
c) High resistance on cable leads
d) Low insulation impedance
e) Proximity to High Voltage Equipment – Transformers, Contactors, Motors etc.
Noisy Environmenta) Check if the source can be found and remove noise
b) Check the cable shielding and ensure it is correctly installed and terminated
5. Calibration
This section assumes that the unit is providing an output that is not stuck at top or bottom of the scale.
(See paragraphs 1-3 if this is the case)
Ensure you are connected to the correct sensor and not to another adjacent unit.
Ensure you have the correct calibration data from the sensor manufacturer. This must include a certified table with
offset, zero and linearity.
Ensure you have the calibration set-up correctly installed i.e. mV source and output as required.
Ensure the temperature and other environmental parameters are within specification and where necessary taken
into account when calibrating should such parameters have an effect on the calibration.
6. Fine Span (Gain) and Zero (Offset ) Adjustment Problems
If the adjustment cannot reach the maximum output desired then, check the tare is not too high.
If the potentiometer does not alter the output the unit must be repaired – remove from service.
It is always wise to check a known good ICA against the problem Installation before rejecting the suspect ICA.
Chapter 6 Product Care
A worn out component, excessive use in harsh environments, an overly zealous operator; regrettably some
circumstances necessitate repair.
At Mantracourt Electronics Ltd we can't guarantee that a product will never require repairing. We can, however,
promise a repair service of exceptional quality, one which is governed by a rigorous procedure.
Detailed below is our pledge to you: a defined set of ground rules and procedures to which we will adhere. All we
ask in return is that you assist us with our procedure, such that we can maintain our promise to you. Please note
that warranty repairs may not be available on overdue accounts, and that a strict interpretation of our conditions of
trading invalidates warranty claims where late payment has occurred.
Please refer to 'Customer Repair Service Procedure' document – contact your supplier for a copy.
In the unlikely event you have problems with the ICA module we would advise that you take the following
precautions:The unit is installed as instructed.
Recommended spares are kept in stock. We can assist.
Sufficient expertise available for first line maintenance.
Routine maintenance checks are performed – annually is recommended.
The necessary documentation for the product is available to the maintenance personnel.
We recommend you keep on file – as a minimum
This Manual
The calibration figures for the attached sensors
A record of the 'normal' output – if applicable
A calibration record of the ICA
A contact phone number from the supplier for assistance
Chapter 7 Glossary
Background Noise
Bridge Resistance
(Common-Mode
Rejection)
Common Mode
Rejection Ratio
Fine Adjustment
Full Range Output
Load Impedance
Millivolt
American Wire Gauge.
The total noise floor from all sources of interference in a measurement system,
independent of the presence of a data signal. (See Noise)
The ability of a signal conditioner to display both positive and negative
readings.
The resistance measured across the excitation terminals of a Strain Gauge.
Adjustment of an instrument or compiling a deviation chart so that it's reading
can be correlated to the actual value being measured.
The ability of an instrument to eliminate the effect of AC or DC noise between
signal and ground. Normally expressed in dB at DC to 60 Hz. One type of CMR is
specified between SIG LO and PWR GND. In differential meters, a second type
of CMR is specified between SIG LO and ANA GND (METER GND).
The ability of an instrument to reject interference from a common voltage at
its input terminals with relation to ground. Usually expressed in db (decibels).
Change of a reading/set point value over periods due to several factors
including change in ambient temperature, time and line voltage.
The external application of electrical voltage current applied to a transducer
for normal operation.
Zero and Span calibration have a Fine Adjustment to give accuracy to the
calibration. These are potentiometers P1 and P2 for Span and Zero
A Wheatstone Bridge configuration utilizing four active elements or Strain
Gauges.
The algebraic difference between the minimum output and maximum output.
Gain is otherwise identified as SPAN. It relates to the proportional output to
the sensor input. Calibration of the ICA is determined by setting the Gain
(Span) and Offset (Zero). The amount of amplification used in an electrical
circuit.
The electrical neutral line having the same potential as the surrounding
ground.
The closeness of a calibration curve to a specified straight line. Linearity is
expressed as the maximum deviation of any calibration point on a specified
straight line during any one calibration cycle.
The electrical demand of a process expressed as power (watts), current (amps)
or resistance (ohms).
The impedance presented to the output terminals of a transducer by the
associated external circuitry.
The load cell is one of a series of STRAIN GAUGE sensors that the ICA input is
designed to accept. (Torque Sensor, Pressure & temperature transducers).
One thousandth of a volt, 10-3 volts symbol mV.
An unwanted electrical interference on the signal wires.
A condition, such as balance, which results in a minimum absolute value of
Offset is otherwise identified as ZERO. Calibration of the ICA is determined by
setting the Offset (Zero) and Gain (Span).
Two potentiometers (variable resistors) are used in the ICA for fine calibration.
The Pressure Transducer is one of a series of Strain Gauge sensors that the ICA
input is designed to accept. (Torque Sensor, Load Cell and Temperature
Transducers).
The Voltage or Current outputs are calibrated to be directly proportional to the
input from the sensor. The output is, within the sensor limits, taken as linear
and no linearity compensation is required within the ICA.
Sensing Element
Signal Conditioner
Span Adjustment
Torque Transducer
Wheatstone Bridge
Zero Adjustment
Zero Suppression
The input corresponding to a one-unit change in the least significant digit of
the data acquisition/display equipment. (Good resolution is not necessarily
equal to good accuracy.)
That part of the Transducer, which reacts directly in response to the input.
This is the relationship between the change in Strain Gauge input to the level
or magnitude of the output.
A circuit module that offsets attenuates, amplifies linearizes and/or filters the
signal. The ICA is essentially a Signal Conditioner –more specifically known as a
Strain Gauge Amplifier - in that it CONDITIONS (alters) the input signal from a
load cell to an electrical output.
The ICA has only the one Printed Circuit Board assembly on which all the
components are mounted. The assembly is then mounted inside an
environmentally rugged enclosure.
Span is otherwise identified as GAIN. It relates to the proportional output to
the sensor input. Calibration of the ICA is determined by setting the Span
(Gain) and Zero (Offset).
The ability to adjust the gain of a process or strain meter so that a specified
display span in engineering units corresponds to a specified signal span.
The quality of an instrument or sensor to maintain a consistent output when a
constant input is applied.
The Strain Gauge is a resistance bridge device where the bridge value alters
linearly and proportionally to the force exerted on it – be it pressure, torque or
load. The ICA is designed to convert this change in the Strain Gauge to a
proportional electrical signal.
The ICA1 & 2 is essentially a type of Signal Conditioner that it conditions
(alters) the input signal from a strain gauge to an electrical output
The Torque Transducer is one of a series of Strain Gauge sensors that the ICA
input is designed to accept.
A network of four resistance's, an emf source, and a galvanometer connected
such that when the four resistance's are matched, the galvanometer will show
a zero deflection or "null" reading.
Zero is otherwise identified as OFFSET. It relates to the proportional output to
The ability to adjust the display of a process or strain meter so that zero on
the display corresponds to a non-zero signal.
The difference between true Zero and an indication given by a measuring
instrument. See Zero Suppression.
The Span is Offset from Zero (Zero Suppressed) such that neither limit of the
Span will be Zero. For example, an instrument which measures a load of a
100kG Span from 400kG to 500kG is said to have 400kG Zero Suppression.
kHz
Hertz (Frequency)
kilohertz (Frequency)
Strain Gauge Amplifier
millivolts
Chapter 8 Specifications
Table 8.1 ICA5S – 4-20mA 2 wire Specifications
Supply voltage Range
Deg C
mV/V
%FR
+/-%FR/Deg C
At 2.5mV/V
Bridge Excitation
Bridge Impedance
Bridge Sensitivity
Output load
'Zero' adjustment
'Span' adjustment
'Zero' Temperature
'Span' Temperature
FR=Full Range (16mA)
1: 1000 Ohm load cell – Typically 0.53V for 350 Ohm cell
2: Set by calibration resistor
3: 24V supply minimum.
4: 1000 Ohms load cell – change R1 to suit other load cell impedances.
Note: Recommended bridge impedance is 1,000 Ohms
Note: The voltage between either of the power supply connections and the load cell shield should not exceed 50V.
Table 8.2 ICA5A – 4-20mA 2 wire Specifications
CE Approvals
European EMC Directive
BS EN 61326-2-3:2006
Other Mantracourt Products
Connect up to 4 strain gauges
Proportional mA and/or Voltage output
Simple DIL switch configuration
Set Sensitivity and Low pass filter and output
Simple - Reliable - Rugged
RCA15
RACK MOUNTED INTELLIGENT
Complete MULTI-CHANNEL system for Strain gauges.
Relay and/or serial outputs per channel
Multidrop serial link
19" Eurorack x 3U high.
Capability similar to the ADW 15.
High integrity / compact Data acquisition unit
IN-LINE INTELLIGENT
2 Set Points
4 to 20 mA AND 0 to 10 V (isolated) outputs
RS 232/485 Communications port
On-Board easy to use Programmer
Auto tare–Auto calibrate–and much more…..
ADW15 Mantraweigh
72 mm DIN Module – Display & Controller
10 mm LED Display (Configurable)
Sensitivity from 0.5 mV to 200 mV/V
10 V @150 mA Excitation
Isolated I/O100mSec sample rate
Set Point Relays
4 to 20 mA Output
Programmable via keypad
FIELDBUS CONNECTIVITY IN TWO EXCELLENT PACKAGES
DSC The Digital Strain Card
'D'Cell The 'in-cell' Digital Strain Puck
Mount this package adjacent to the strain gauge
Plug-in-and-go-sensor
Integrate the electronics with the loadcell,
remove the cost, space and bother of additional
electronics and have a direct output
provided in
REAL ENGINEERING UNITS.
Mount this package directly into the strain gauge
A quantum leap in the quality of measurement.
Accuracy (1 part in half a million)
Unwanted Signal noise filter
Sensor specific calibration
Elimination of induced noise on signals
REGISTERED FIRM
C In the interests of continued product development, Mantracourt Electronics Limited reserves the right to alter product specifications
without prior notice.
Doc No. 517-178
Miniature In Cell Amplifier for Strain Gauges
ICA5 - Load and Force Cells, Indicators and Signal Conditioners at
ICA4 S&H Manual - Applied Measurements Ltd
LVDT/A & LVDT/D Amplifier / Signal Conditioner Manual
ICA3&6 S & H Manual
ICA1, ICA2 Instruction Manual
ICA H & S Manual
ADW-BW Twelve Component Batch Weighing Controller
PDF Manual - Load and Force Cells, Indicators and Signal
TechSpec
TML41 - Teledyne Monitor Labs
ADW15 Manual - Novatech Measurements Ltd
Lap Timer System Instruction Manual
TML87 Instruction Manual
LCI Load Cell Junction Box with Fault Monitor Manual
Dcell & DSC version 2 Manual - Load and Force Cells, Indicators
SGA AC/DC Powered Signal Conditioner Set Up
T24 Technical Manual
Manual de Instalação de Cubas de Apoio
SITRANS F flowmeters 4
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Posts from — March 2010
Computers' sleight-of-hand at the LHC
collisions recorded by ATLAS detector
YET another record tumbled at the Large Hadron Collider this week. At 12.06 BST on 30 March, 2010, the LHC smashed together protons to produce the highest energies ever recorded in a particle collider. This blog post discusses the role of computers in keeping track of particles that spew out of such collisions.
The two beams of the LHC each achieved energies of 3.5 teraelectronvolts (TeV), making the total collision reach a staggering 7 TeV.
According to the Guardian blog, Fabiola Gianotti, head of the ATLAS team, said, "We got something like 40 events per second, which is the expected rate. It's the beginning of a new era of physics exploration."
If physicists are excited about 40 events per second, imagine how much more thrilled they will be when the LHC reaches not only its full energy of 14 TeV, but also full intensity (which means that the beam will be chock-full of protons – which it is not at the moment). The event rate will reach a phenomenal 100 billion events per second. And it'll be up to some very sophisticated computers to keep track of this barrage.
Here are some paragraphs from The Edge of Physics talking about just how important computers are to keep track of the collisions that are creating new particles. The paragraphs refer to the ATLAS detector, which surrounds one of the four points around the 27-kilometre-long ring where the collisions occur.
The beams are not a continuous stream of particles; rather, each beam is made up of bunches of protons. Going around the tunnel will be 2,808 such bunches in each direction. When they cross paths, at four specific points, only about twenty of the 200 billion protons that make up the two bunches will collide; the rest will continue their journey around the accelerator unimpeded. Not much to keep track of, one might think—except when you consider that the beams are moving at near the speed of light, and thus 40 million bunches cross every second. Their collisions produce 100 billion particles per second.
The ATLAS computers sift through this extraordinary barrage of data, looking for interesting collisions that could contain signatures of the Higgs, a neutralino, or extra dimensions. The whole thing is like a conveyor belt moving at nearly the speed of light. The computers are barely 500 feet from where the protons collide. Even as the computers are analyzing the events from one collision, data from other collisions are on their way. In the meantime, muons are streaming from the inner detector, and the muon chambers are working feverishly to track some and ignore others. The system cannot detect all the muons—there are just too many of them—so it depends on feedback from the computers to decide which ones are more important. The phrase "clockwork precision" takes on a different meaning here: Seconds, milliseconds, microseconds are too long. We are in the realm of nanoseconds. Spacetime has been sliced into the thinnest of slivers.
March 30, 2010 1 Comment
Down in the Dumps: How the LHC deals with runaway beams
It's been heady days for the Large Hadron Collider. Its two proton beams have reached record energies of 3.5 teraelectronvolts (TeV). When the beams reach their full potential, each will have energies of 7 TeV. Just how much energy is that?
Well, as the popular account goes, each beam will carry as much energy as a 400-ton train travelling at 150 kilometres per hour. The two beams, one going clockwise and another counter-clockwise, have to be precisely controlled in their orbits around the 27-kilometre-long ring of the LHC.
Now, imagine that the beams go haywire. The LHC loses controls of the beams. What happens? Well, it can be chaos: the equivalent of these super-fast trains smashing into the nearby magnets, electronics, and sensitive detectors. A runaway beam is an accelerator physicist's nightmare. The damage such errant beams can cause is incalculable.
Here's a paragraph from The Edge of Physics describing the damage control mechanism:
Such an errant beam, which is capable of melting a 500-kilogram block of copper, has to be stopped instantly, or it can wreak havoc on the delicate instruments, literally liquefying anything directly in its path. It can take weeks if not months or years to repair the damage. In a 2004 test, physicists redirected a 450-GeV beam into an auxiliary tunnel and dumped it into a target. Microphones picked up the gunshot-like bang.
How exactly do they "dump" the beam? As we saw in the last blog post, a full-intensity LHC beam will have about 3,000 bunches of protons going round and round in each direction, like carriages in a train. At one point in this train of proton bunches is a gap, where there are no protons. These gaps are used during beam dumps.
In each direction, there is a 600-metre-long straight tunnel that runs at a tangent to the LHC's 27-km-long tunnel. At the end of the tunnel is a giant block of composite graphite surrounded by steel and concrete. This is designed to absorb the beam's energy.
If a beam needs to be dumped, then a special deflecting magnet switches on at the moment the gap in the proton stream passes by. Now, the next bunch of protons that encounters this magnetic field is deflected into the tangential tunnel, and the beam ends up smashing into the graphite. All along the dump tunnel are other magnets that cause the beam to spread vertically and horizontally, so that when it hits the dump, its energy is spread over a larger area than if it were a focused beam.
If the two LHC beams, each at 7 TeV, have to be dumped, they will smash into their target with the sound of 150 kilograms of TNT.
Of Beams and Bunches: The LHC record in perspective
The Large Hadron Collider reached a new milestone at 5.20 AM Central European Time, when it circulated two beams of protons – one clockwise and the other counter-clockwise – around the 27-kilometre-long ring. The beams each had energy of 3.5 tera-electronvolts (TeV).
This is a new record!
The previous record was set in November, when each beam reached an energy of 1.18 TeV.
Some more numbers to put this in perspective.
The LHC beams are considered "pilot" beams – meaning they are operating at very low intensities. When the LHC will be running at its peak, not only will each beam have an energy of 7 TeV, but each beam will be composed of 2,808 bunches of protons. When these bunches cross paths along four points of the LHC's ring, they will collide and these collisions will produce about 100 billion particles per second.
The current 3.5 TeV beam at the LHC has only one bunch of protons per beam. What that means is that most of the beam is empty for now, as the physicists ensure that all their systems are in working order as they reach for higher energies and intensities.
According to Steve Myers, the Director for Accelerators and Technology at the LHC, they hope to reach 720 bunches per beam by the end of 2010. They will do so by slowly upping the number of bunches in each beam: 4, 16, 43, 156… and so on. Such intensities are needed to start taking meaningful data for doing physics.
In my next post, I'll discuss the technology behind "dumping" the beam. What happens when the beam cannot be controlled? How do you prevent it from smashing into the delicate electronics and frying them?
Planck paints a dusty masterpiece
Not an abstract painting, but dust in the Milky Way
This week, the European Space Agency (ESA) released glorious maps of the dust in the Milky Way. These maps were created by the Planck satellite, which was launched last year. Its main mission is to map the cosmic microwave background, the radiation that was released when the universe was about 370,000 years old.
So, what's dust got to do with the CMB?
Well, the thermal emissions of dust can obscure some of the CMB radiation. So, in order to precisely map the CMB, you need to characterize the dust in the Milky Way. The dust is extremely cold – just about 12 degrees above absolute zero in some places, and tens of degrees above absolute zero at its warmest (in the maps, the whiter regions are hotter, and the darker pinks are colder).
But the CMB at 2.75 K is even colder. So, this dust can be a nuisance.
NASA's WMAP satellite – the gold standard for mapping the CMB until Planck came along – did not have the high frequency coverage necessary to map the dust effectively.
Planck can do that, and it's doing exactly that as can be seen in this image.
See some pictures of Planck being assembled before launch here.
Antimatter over Antarctica: Video
WHEN IT COMES TO EXTREME PHYSICS, it doesn't get better than the long duration balloon flights from McMurdo, Antarctica. These balloons carry experiments to the upper stratosphere, from where experiments study everything from primordial antimatter to the cosmic microwave background, which is the radiation left over from the big bang.
Just some astonishing facts about the balloons:
Payload weight: About 2 tons
Balloon fabric: About 0.0008 inches thick (or thin!), like a very thin sandwich wrap
Balloon fabric weight: Despite the thin fabric, it weights almost 2 tons itself
Helium: At full cruising altitude of about 40 kilometres, the helium expands to about 1 million cubic metres. It takes an hour to fill the balloon, even with high-pressure compressed helium tanks.
Rate of ascent: About 500 feet per minute
Balloon size: At cruising altitude, when the helium has expanded fully, the balloon is about 400 feet across. Can look like half the size of the full moon from the ground.
Remember, the balloon is flown from the Ross Ice Shelf in Antarctica, so the crew has to work in sub-zero temperatures, to do all the wiring.
Here's a video of the balloon launch (courtesy of Ryan Miller and Jessica Reynolds, who filmed it for Polar Palooza):
It's the magnets, stupid: Why the LHC succeeded where the SSC failed
It's the magnets, stupid
Soon the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) will attempt to reach collision energies of 7 teraelectronvolts (TeV). So, despite the early setbacks of 2008, the LHC is marching on.
It's worth thinking about how far physics would have come had the Superconducting Super Collider (SSC) been completed. It's even more important to think about why the SSC never got built. Ironically, it was because the SSC's designers were not ambitious enough, at least in certain aspects of accelerator design.
The Superconducting Super Collider (SSC) was designed to achieve energies of about 40 TeV, and the tunnel to house it was to be 87 kilometers in circumference. The site chosen was near Waxahachie, in northeast Texas, about 30 miles south of Dallas. The ambitious plan was approved in 1987 by President Ronald Reagan, who used a popular sports metaphor from American football to rally the physicists (a tribe that really needs no such encouragement). "Throw deep," he said.
So, where was the lack of ambition? Surely, 40 TeV energies and an 87-kilometre-long tunnel were ambitious enough.
To make sense of why the SSC lacked ambition, we need to look at a key aspect of particle accelerators: the magnets that create the magnetic fields to keep the particles (such as electrons and protons) confined to the beam pipe. The particles that are being accelerated want to go straight, and their trajectories have to be bent precisely by the magnetic fields, so that the particles can go round and round the tunnel. Steering a beam is not unlike driving a Formula One racing car. The faster the car, the harder it is for the driver to tackle tight bends. F1 drivers train hard to build up their arm and (especially) neck muscles to handle the turns. Magnets are the muscles of the collider world. The tighter the curve of the tunnel, the stronger the magnetic muscles need to be.
The SSC played safe when it came to the magnets. Although they chose superconducting magnets, the technology was already well-tested and not innovative. Had they designed magnets with fields that were twice as strong, they could have halved the circumference of the tunnel.
The other mistake they made was in designing a separate set of magnets for each beam, one going clockwise and the other counter-clockwise. This meant that the tunnel's bore had to be correspondingly large, at a staggering 4.25 metres. Ultimately, it wasn't any fancy technology<|fim_middle|> part, retired and took up farming near Palermo, Italy.
When I met cosmologist James Peebles of Princeton in 2007 for my book The Edge of Physics, Peebles was still a bit miffed that Gush didn't share the Nobel with Mather and Smoot. "There should be a list of great measurements that were underappreciated," he told me. "Gush was working on that experiment for more than 15 years. COBE was under development for the same length of time, and they got first data within 2 months of each other. Mather in his book is very explicit – Gush could have scooped us, and would have been famous. Instead young people don't even know his [Gush's] name."
Well, here's to Gush and his brilliant experiment.
Tales of Russian ingenuity
Ice Fishing for neutrinos on a frozen Lake Baikal
WE HAVE ALL HEARD OF HOW NASA spend millions (or is it billions) on developing a pen that works in zero gravity, while the Russians used a pencil. A classic case of Russian ingenuity, it seemed, until it was exposed as an urban legend.
Russian ingenuity, however, is not a myth. I got to experience it first-hand while writing The Edge of Physics. One of the many trips I made for the book was to see the Lake Baikal Neutrino Telescope near Irkutsk, in Southern Siberia. The telescope is essentially long "strings" of photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) that are submerged more than a kilometer beneath the surface of the lake. PMTs can be thought of as the opposite of television tubes. A TV tube generates photons from electrical signals, while a PMT generates electrical signals from photons that hit its surface. The PMTs deep in the waters of Lake Baikal are looking for the blue Cherenkov light that is emitted when a neutrino hits a molecule of water.
So, where does Russian ingenuity come in? Well, for starters, they have figured out a way of deploying these detectors without the use of expensive ships and submersibles (as they do for the neutrino telescopes being built in the Mediterranean Sea). The Russians wait for Lake Baikal to freeze over, and then during the peak of the Siberian Winter, they establish an ice camp on top of the frozen lake. They bring their cranes and winches and the like, haul out their telescope from the depths of Lake Baikal, do the necessary maintenance and repairs, and get out of there before the ice melts.
Using this unusual and extremely hazardous mode of operation, they have managed to build the world's first underwater neutrino telescope and run it for twenty years with only about $20 million. The other neutrino detectors, either underwater or embedded in the ice (such as at the South Pole), are costing hundreds of millions of dollars.
But the most telling illustration of Russian ingenuity – of course, necessitated by lack of resources sometimes, but worth appreciating regardless – was to do with the retrieval of a string that got cut one winter and sank to the bottom of the lake. Here's a description of it from The Edge of Physics:
The Lake Baikal neutrino telescope is made of eleven strings of photomultiplier tubes—each with a large buoy at the top and a counterweight at the bottom—that float nearly 1.1 kilometers below the surface (the water here is a staggering 1.4 kilometers deep, enough for a building three times as tall as New York's Empire State to sink without a trace). Smaller buoys attached to the strings float about 10 meters below the surface. All year round, a total of 228 PMTs watch for the Cherenkov light created by neutrinos, monitoring 40 megatons of water. Each winter, once the ice camp has been set up, the team has to locate the telescope, the upper part of which drifts slightly over the course of the year. A diver plunges into the ice-cold water to locate the small buoy fixed to the center of the telescope. Then the researchers cut holes in the ice above each string (whose positions they know relative to the center) and attach a winch to the small buoys to haul up the strings. The team has two months to carry out any routine maintenance, put the strings back in the water, and get out before the ice cracks. They have perfected their technique; only once in two decades of operation did they have a problem retrieving a string. In 1994, a rusty metal cable broke, severing the buoy from its string, causing the string to sink to the bottom.
Physicist Nikolai Budnev retrieved it. Diving that deep was out of the question, but Budnev knew that the string—though its counterweight was on the lake bed—would still be vertical because of the buoyancy of the PMTs. What he did next was ingenious. He fashioned a propeller and tied it to the end of a long rope, dropping the propeller into the water. The angle of the blades was such that as the propeller sank it started rotating, making huge circles. Budnev used this simple tool to sweep the waters below. Soon, the propeller snagged the errant string, and the team pulled it up.
I can confidently say that the Russians (and the Germans who worked alongside them) at Lake Baikal are amongst the toughest bunch of physicists I have encountered.
Here are some pictures of my trip to Lake Baikal. | that proved the SSC's undoing. It was the cost of the civil engineering. By 1993, the cost estimates for building the SSC had ballooned from $4.4 billion to more than $12 billion. The U.S. Congress canned the project, leaving behind a 22.5 kilometer stretch of completed tunnel that now lies derelict.
So, what did the folks at CERN do when it came to the LHC? They decided to reuse the 27-kilometre-long tunnel that housed the Large Electron Positron (LEP) machine. The LEP, at its peak, achieved energies of 200 GeV. The LHC was being designed for 14 TeV collisions. How could such energetic particles be confined to such a tight orbit around the old tunnel? It all comes down to magnets. Of the more than 9,000 superconducting magnets inside the LHC tunnel, 1,232 need special mention. These are dipole magnets, and they are the machine's neck muscles. Each weighs 35 tons, and the entire lot has to be cooled down to 1.9ºK, the temperature of superfluid liquid helium (the SSC, in contrast, used simple liquid helium at 4.5 K). It's the immense magnetic fields created by these giant magnets at the LHC that keeps the protons confined to the beam pipe.
There was another innovation. The LEP tunnel was only 3.8-metres wide. The LHC could not afford to use two sets of cryogenically-cooled superconducting magnets — they wouldn't fit inside the tunnel. So, the magnets for LHC were designed such that the same cryostat could house two magnets, one for the clockwise beam and the other for the counter-clockwise beam. It was a tight fit, but it worked.
X-rays telescopes could solve the mystery of dark matter
Over the last two years, the FERMI and PAMELA satellites and the ATIC balloon-borne experiment have all tantalised us with hints of dark matter in our galactic neighbourhood. But how do we know that what they are seeing is not being produced by astrophysical sources such as pulsars? Well, a new paper suggests that advanced X-ray telescopes of the future could solve the mystery.
In August 2008, there was much hullabaloo about PAMELA and ATIC having seen an excess of positrons over the expected background of such particles in space. This excess could be coming from the mutual annihilation of dark matter particles. Even NASA's FERMI satellite has seen such an excess. But, unfortunately, this does not constitute proof of the existence of dark matter particles in our galaxy. Such an excess can also be caused by nearby pulsars.
Now, Antoine Calvez of UCLA and colleagues are suggesting that we look at the dwarf spheroidal galaxies that hang around the Milky Way. These dwarfs should have abundant dark matter, but a paucity of pulsars. So, if dark matter is annihilating in such galaxies, then the high-energy electrons and positrons produced by the process should up-scatter – or bump up in energy – the photons of the cosmic microwave background into the X-ray energy band. So, if we see such X-rays, then it'll constitute solid evidence that dark matter particles are creating the electrons and positrons and not pulsars.
The fly in the ointment is that today's X-ray telescopes are nowhere near as sensitive as would be required for such observations. But, the researchers hope that the next generation of X-ray telescopes could do the trick.
Large Hadron Collider to run on women power
women at cern. image courtesy cern
On Monday, 8 March, CERN, the particle physics laboratory near Geneva, Switzerland — the home of the Large Hadron Collider – will be handing over controls of the facility to women to mark International Women's Day.
According to CERN's Pauline Gagnon, all the control rooms for accelerators and experiments, including those of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the ATLAS and CMS detectors, will primarily be staffed by woman.
Gagnon came up with the idea to highlight the fact that women have claimed their share of the space in physics, contrary to conventional wisdom.
On the day, live video will be available at http://cern.ch/womensday.
Last year, Fabiola Gianotti took over as spokesperson for the ATLAS experiment, which is looking for the Higgs boson among other things. Gianotti is one of the physicists featured in The Edge of Physics. Some excerpts from Chapter 9: The Heart of the Matter:
Physics wasn't Gianotti's first love. "I came to physics from very far away," she told me. "When I was a young girl, I loved art and music. I had been studying piano quite seriously at a conservatory and had taken courses in high school targeted towards literature, languages like ancient Greek and Latin, philosophy, and history of art. I loved these subjects, but I was also a very curious little girl. I was fascinated by the big questions. Why are things the way they are? This possibility of answering fundamental questions has always attracted me—my mind, my spirit, everything."
She stumbled upon physics soon afterward. "I discovered that physics is really interested in the most fundamental questions," she said.
More than philosophy?
"Even more," she said, speaking slowly to emphasize each syllable. "Because experimental physics is based on facts. It is answering fundamental questions—not just giving an answer to your question by inventing something, but proving it. This is very, very nice."
This was no theorist talking. Here was someone who got down-and-dirty with instruments. These concepts—supersymmetry, dark matter, the Higgs, extra dimensions—were not mere equations to her but ideas that left traces in her instruments, whether in the form of streaking jets of particles or in some anomalous measurement of momentum or energy.
The LHC and ATLAS could uncover some deep truths about the universe. Gianotti confessed to "feelings of excitement and the awareness of being close to something very important and great for humankind." She quoted the thirteenth-century Italian poet Dante Alighieri: Fatto non foste a viver come bruti ma per seguir virtute et conoscenza ("We were created not to live as animals but to pursue virtue and knowledge.") "As human beings, the pursuit of fundamental research and knowledge is a need for us, which separates us from animals or vegetables. It is like the need for art," said Gianotti.
From nearly winning the Nobel to farming in Italy
IT WAS TWENTY YEARS AGO TODAY…
Apologies to the Beatles, but it was twenty years ago in January 1990, that Herb Gush, a physicist at the University of British Columbia, performed a landmark measurement of the cosmic microwave background using a rocket-based experiment. Had fate sided with him and had he launched the rocket a few months earlier, Gush would have won the Nobel Prize for accurately measuring the spectrum of the CMB. Instead, he became the first to independently confirm the measurements made by NASA's Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) satellite, for which John Mather and George Smoot won the Nobel in 2006.
The same month that Gush launched his rocket from White Sands, New Mexico, John Mather received a standing ovation at the meeting of the American Astronomical Society in Crystal City, Virginia. His experiment on COBE had shown that the radiation leftover from the big bang had exactly the spectrum expected of black-body radiation. It was a stunning confirmation of the big bang theory.
Gush almost beat Mather to the first indisputable measurement of the CMB spectrum (after the initial discovery by Penzias and Wilson in 1965). Gush had been using rockets to launch spectrometers hundreds of kilometers into space since the 1970s. But his earlier attempts with prototype spectrometers were unsuccessful as the payload failed to stay clear of the rocket's exhaust, messing up the measurements.
Then , in the late 1980s, Gush and graduate students Ed Wishnow and Mark Halpern were ready with a sophisticated instrument that compared the CMB spectrum with the spectrum of an on-board blackbody radiator. But in the fall of 1989, the device was damaged by the malfunctioning of a vibrator in a vibrator test before launch.
The time it took for repairs meant that the rocket launch was delayed until late January 1990. When it was finally sent up, the experiment was a success. "It was immediately clear that the spectrum was near Planckian with a temperature near 2.7K," said Gush in an email to me in 2007.
But as luck would have it, COBE had already made the measurement. If the roles had been reversed, COBE would have confirmed Gush's data and not the other way around. Of course, this doesn't take anything away from COBE, which was an exquisite experiment.
Just goes to show how small the margin can be between being the first to a discovery and the second.
Gush, for his | 1,927 |
Bigelow Advises Ready Seafood Co. on its Acquisition by<|fim_middle|> ultimately capturing enterprise value.
Richmond, British Columbia
Ready Seafood Co. | Premium Brands Holdings Corporation
Premium Brands Holdings Corporation (TSX:PBH) has acquired Ready Seafood Co., one of the leading processors, distributors and marketers of lobsters in the U.S.
Ready Seafood Co. (www.readyseafood.com), based in Portland, Maine, was founded in 2004 by brothers John and Brendan Ready and under their stewardship has grown from a small start up to one of the leading processors, distributors and marketers of lobsters in the U.S. Shipping to all major destinations both domestic and international, Ready Seafood sells over 15 million pounds of live and processed lobster annually.
"We are very excited to be joining the Premium Brands group. Its unique culture and core values, which includes commitments to producing only premium quality products, constant innovation and long term decision making, makes Premium Brands an ideal partner for us." John Ready Co-CEO, Ready Seafood
"With Premium Brands we have found a partner that not only shares our vision for the future but also understands and respects our distinct culture, which is at the heart of our success." said Brendan Ready, Co-CEO of Ready.
Premium Brands Holdings Corporation (www.premiumbrandsholdings.com), headquartered in Richmond, British Columbia has over $2 billion in annual revenue. Premium Brands owns a broad range of leading specialty food manufacturing and differentiated food distribution businesses with operations across Canada and the United States.
"We are very pleased to be partnering with John, Brendan, and their talented management team. They are disruptors in what has been a relatively stable industry and have not only brought about significant innovation to the segment but have also played a lead role in ensuring the long term sustainability of the industry." George Paleologu President and CEO, Premium Brands
Originally established in 1935, Bigelow LLC is an independently owned M+A advisory boutique with a singular and passionate focus: entrepreneur owner-managed businesses. Bigelow has a reputation for having a unique understanding of the special requirements of the owner-managed, entrepreneurial operating company in building, and | 413 |
2017 Summer Time Special: Stay 3 Nights, the 4th is On Us!
Looking to escape the cold? Come join us in Paradise for a free<|fim_middle|> a perfect destination for families, take advantage of our new special. | night when booking for 3 or more nights.
You won't want to miss this special. This is our way of thanking our closest and most loyal guests.
Come down to Paradise with some great friends, white sand beaches, and celebrate being a friend of Sunrise Beach Villas!
**Specials shown on this page are independent of other specials and may not be combined. Specials may not be combined. Specials do not apply to reservations placed prior to publication of the special. Per person room limits may not be exceeded. This special does not apply to unit #3, #16, or #17. This offer is valid when actual vacation is between July 5th and September 30th 2017. Viola's vouchers must be used in one sitting at Violas.
Plan your trip to paradise this fall and enjoy 50% off our normal rates – what a steal!
**Specials shown on this page are independent of other specials and may not be combined. Specials may not be combined. Specials do not apply to reservations placed prior to publication of the special. Per person room limits may not be exceeded. This special does not apply to unit #3, #16, or #17. This offer is valid when actual vacation is between September 1st 2016 and November 15th 2016 . Viola's vouchers must be used in one sitting at Violas.
We are very excited to be featured in the "Where to Stay" section this week of www.nassauparadiseisland.com!
Check out the great posting on the link below. Thank you to all of our guests for the continued support!
Does not apply to reservations placed before February 15th 2016.
**Specials shown on this page are independent of other specials and may not be combined. Specials may not be combined. Specials do not apply to reservations placed prior to publication of the special. Per person room limits may not be exceeded. This special does not apply to unit #3 or #17. This offer is valid when actual vacation is between February 15th – August 15th 2016 . Viola's vouchers must be used in one sitting at Violas.
Happy Thanksgiving from Paradise Island!
Wishing you all a very happy thanksgiving and we are very excited to see so many guests choosing to spend their holiday week with us in the Bahamas.
While we may not have the same type of turkey and stuffing you guys do in the states, we promise to feast on some fresh grouper, rice and beans, mac and cheese, and conch with family friends all day on Thursday.
Thank you to all of our wonderful guests that have made 2015 a year to remember. As we head into this busy holiday season, we want to say that we are extremely grateful for all of your love and support this year.
Welcome PokerStars Caribbean Adventure Players!
Paradise Island is proud to host the PokerStars Caribbean Adventure tournament once again in 2016!
This poker tournament event is one of the top events of the year, and in the past we have loved hosting some of the players.
If you are coming to the Bahamas for the PokerStars Caribbean Adventure 2016, please consider staying with us at Sunrise Beach Villas.
We are a very short walk to the Atlantis. You may find it nice to have a "home" with all the amenities a big hotel just cannot offer after a hard day's work at the tables!
New Credit Card Processing Upgrade!
Well 2015 seems to be the year of the technology upgrades at Sunrise Beach Club and Villas. Earlier this year we added brand new high speed wireless internet so you can instagram your toesies dangling over our pools in real time 🙂 – now we have added a completely revamped credit card processor that is 100% compliant with the new US security regulations.
We encourage all guests to book directly on the website using the secure portal. Who knows, there may even be a special to incentivize you to do so! Occasionally we will run specials that reward guests for booking directly with us, rather than using a 3rd party referral site. Keep your eyes peeled!
Most importantly, we are excited to see you in Paradise, and will have some cold drinks waiting!
Brand New High Speed Wifi!
We are so excited that an often difficult thing to get in the Bahamas, High Speed Internet, is now available throughout our entire property. We have new WIFI routers all over the grounds, and after a thorough test during the busy holiday season, we are happy to report our system held up and impressed everyone. Here is to more toes over the pool on Instagram!
Introducing: Treasured Guest Reward Program!
Treasured Guest Reward Program – 10% Off!
Does not apply to reservations placed before January 1st, 2015.
**Specials shown on this page are independent of other specials and may not be combined. Specials may not be combined. Specials do not apply to reservations placed prior to publication of the special. Per person room limits may not be exceeded. This special does not apply to unit #3 or #17. This offer is valid when actual vacation is between January 1st 2015 and February 15th 2015 . Viola's vouchers must be used in one sitting at Violas.
*Offer valid when you are our guest anytime from January 1st 2015 – February 15th 2015.
Please take a moment to view our most recent monthly Caribbean vacation specials!
Sunrise Beach Villas is | 1,169 |
Canadian tech industry sees increase from U.S.-based job applicants
Canada is used to worrying about the country's brightest minds tech leaving for Silicon Valley, but lately, job applicants have been looking north of the border
The MaRS Discovery District in Toronto, one of the world's largest urban innovation hubs.Aaron Vincent Elkaim/The New York Times
Claire Brownell
FP Tech Desk
Canada is used to worrying about the country's brightest minds in tech leaving for Silicon Valley, but lately, the job applicants have been heading north of the border instead.
A July survey of Canadian high-growth firms conducted by Toronto's MaRS Discovery District found 62 per cent of respondents have noticed a recent significant increase in job applications from the United States. MaRS sent the survey to 42 companies it believed would have exposure to such job-seekers; 18 companies reported an increase, 11 reported no relevant increase and 13 declined to respond.
Ottawa-based e-commerce platform Shopify Inc. reported receiving 40 per cent more applications from the U.S. in the first quarter of 2017 than it did during an average quarter in 2016. ThinkData Works Inc., an open data company, reported a 50 per cent increase in U.S.-based applications on average in 2017 compared with the previous year and twice as many foreign applicants overall.
"This is remarkable for a modestly funded seed-stage startup," said Lara Torvi, a spokeswoman for MaRS, in an email.
Canadian tech industry decries U.S. immigration ban, but sees recruiting opportunity
Donald Trump's next move on immigration is going to hit Big Tech a lot closer to home
After nine years, the MaRS Phase 2 tower is finally full and open for business
Members of Canada's tech community have been predicting this would happen since U.S. President Donald Trump's election in November. The Canadian tech industry has been marketing itself as a friendlier alternative for immigrants, many of whom feel unwelcome in the U.S. given Trump's public statements and policy stances.
In January, 150 people from Canada's leading tech companies and accelerators published an open letter denouncing an executive order from Trump barring travellers from seven Muslim-majority countries from entering the United States. Trump has also pledged to restrict a special American visa program known as H-1B that allows foreigners to work or run businesses in the U.S. and is heavily used by the tech industry.
Toronto-based digital medical image company Figure 1 had twice as many U.S.-based applicants for a senior role posted in January 2017 than it did for a similar position posted in January 2016. In addition to the increase in such applicants at his company, Figure 1 chief executive Gregory Levey said he's noticed more U.S. investors and Silicon Valley heavyweights making trips to Canada.
Levey said the interest appears to be based on a general sense of momentum in the Canadian tech industry in addition to political concerns about the Trump administration.
"If you ask these people, some will tell you one or the other, but for most it's kind of a combo," Levey said. "This is not something that used to happen a lot."
Ben Baldwin, co-founder of the corporate innovation consulting firm ScaleDriver Inc. and founder of The Founder City Project, which provides training to entrepreneurs, said Canada could do an even better job of promoting itself as a great place for people in the tech industry to move to. Most people don't realize Toronto's tech sector is growing faster than it is in many major American cities, he said.
"We have people moving their companies from the Valley to be here because there's such an opportunity," he said. "It's really exciting to be here right now."
Abdullah Snobar, executive director of the DMZ at Ryerson University, said Canada is benefitting from its image as a place of stability in an unstable world. He said tech workers are looking for economic opportunity, but they're also looking for a good place to put down roots.
"Uncertainty's not good for any business," Snobar said. "For building families and a working culture, they want to be in a place like Canada."
cbrownell@nationalpost.com
Twitter.com/clabrow
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Tej Kohli Foundation Moves One Step Closer to the Regeneration of Corneal Tissue to Cure<|fim_middle|>/t Over 11m at the Pahtavaara Mine
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Rupert Resources Drills 181.1 Grams Per Tonne Gold (g/t) Over 1.7m and 4.2g | 36 |
Home » Arran's Sea Life » Marine Species » Killer whale
Latin name: Orcinus orca
Global Distribution: Globally one of the most widespread cetaceans.
UK Distribution: Shetland, Orkney and west coast Scotland.
Size: Up to 9.8m long and 10 tonnes in<|fim_middle|> other dolphins and whales, they cease their vocal signals to avoid detection.
They can mimic the sounds of other species, including dolphins and humans. | weight.
Diet: fish, cephalopods, mammals, sea birds and sea turtles
Habitat: Ranging from warm tropical waters to the freezing polar regions. Killer whales can survive in most water temperatures.
Sources: https://www.marlin.ac.uk/species/detail/1540
https://www.orcaweb.org.uk/species-sightings/sightings-map
http://uk.whales.org/species-guide/orca-killer-whale
http://www.whaledolphintrust.co.uk/species_details.asp?inst=18&species_id=120
The killer whale, orca or blackfish, as it is variously known, is social, intelligent, powerful and a cunning predator. These whales are more closely related to dolphins than other whales with their closest relative being the Snubfin dolphin. Growing to up to 9.8m long and 10 tonnes, these massive mammals are powerful swimmers and can be seen leaping from the water. Much like their dolphin cousins, the Orcas are highly social and vocal, travelling in groups of 2 – 50. It has been observed that adult killer whales teach younger ones the skills of hunting, demonstrating their keen intelligence.
These whales earned their name from fishermen for being the apex predator in most regions they inhabitant. Despite the name, killer whales are not considered a threat to humans, with no reports of attacks in the wild. Due to their intelligence and impressive size there is a history of killer whales being taken into captivity throughout the world. In the UK killer whales are most commonly seen north and west of Scotland in every month of the year but the peak sightings occur in June and July in Shetland's coastal waters. Further research is required to determine the population strength of killer whales in the waters around Scotland. However, sightings have reduced dramatically in Clyde waters in the last few decades. Killer whales are protected under UK and EU law.
They are the only known predator of great white sharks
Different populations alter their behaviour depending on the prey they hunt. When targeting | 424 |
At the moment the Arete centre is working with NCS (National Citizenship scheme) a organisation for young people which runs all over the U.K. NCS brings together young people from different backgrounds and cultures that live in the same area. The aim of the scheme is to build stronger communities, and develop essential skills for young people.
The courses last three weeks with three individual elements, adventure, skills and social action. Arete is involved in the adventure week with the instructors working hard to challenge the teams and help them bond together. The following weeks typically take place at University Halls, they involve the young people developing domestic skills, discovering causes in their local community and developing a project of social action that will benefit their community.
The staff at the Arete centre have been working with NCS teams for the past few weeks over the summer. We've presented the NCS teams with a number of different challenges so individuals can face their fears and work together with encouragement and support. We've been taking<|fim_middle|> number of the groups this is their first adventurous outdoor experience but they have still been up for the challenge. | teams to a number of venues around Snowdonia, coasteering, underground exploration, gorge scrambling, boating and zip lining. For a | 29 |
In Part 1 of this journey, I bumbled down into Crystal Cave, the rocky heart of Sequoia National Park, where my love for geology was ignited. But if this fiery relationship started way up in the mountains, how did I make my way all the way down to cool muddy coasts? Well, I followed the rock cycle, of course, and hitched a ride down a river.
As a geology major, my sponge-like brain was wide open and soaking up all of the scripted lectures of classrooms and staged field trips. I was loving it! But, as time went on, I was no longer mesmerized by the basics and fundamental principles of geology. I needed to get my hands dirty next to real geologists doing real research. So, I did what many young hopefuls do and called up my state's Geological Survey to ask for an internship. And just like many young hopefuls, I was ignored. So, I waited, and contacted them again, and even again, and then sold my soul and offered to work for free. They took the bait.
As an intern at the Survey (where I did end up getting paid), I was passed around to any and all geologists that needed a field hand. I dipped my toes into a lot of projects, and am incredibly thankful for every opportunity (huge shout out to Brenda Hockensmith, Bill Clendenin, and Kerry Castle!), but the one that made me want to jump in head first was the Broad River Basin project. The goal of this study was to follow rocks and sediment along a piece of their journey from source (mountains) to sink (ocean). We wanted to know where the sediment came from and how it<|fim_middle|> my very own project, a project that could be molded around building relationships between scientists and the public.
But this isn't the end of my story, and the adventure just keeps getting better. I'll share more of how I made my way from mountains to mud, from disillusioned intern to determined graduate student in Part 3 of this story in science.
Next Post Tracking Mangroves in the United States: Where? Why? and What's Next? | was eroded and deposited. We wanted to understand how the stability of the river channels affected the health of animals that relied on the river, and ultimately, how the local people would be affected. Understanding how the local community could remain stable and successful was our base motivation.
My days were often spent out in the field collecting data. This meant long drives on hot southern summer days with the windows down, stopping to trudge through brush and briars with scientific instruments in hand and emerging on a steep river bank, and then wading right on in to the cool flowing water. I looked forward to these lovely days when we went out to collect water and sediment samples, measure water speed, and survey the shape of the bed and banks. We even got to help the fish guys on their field days.
But, our days weren't always so picturesque, and I got to see the distrust between the locals and government scientists first hand. If there were local people having a nice time by the river when we pulled up in our truck with a giant DNR (Department of Natural Resources) decal plastered to the side, they would scurry away before we parked without making eye contact. Our shiny, official-looking instruments with government tags often came back from the field riddled with bullet holes, if they came back at all. I also heard stories from colleagues that had face-to-face confrontations with locals who weren't happy about government trespassing on their land, even though the land was state property. The locals thought of us as intruders coming to write them citations and take away their tax dollars and independence. For us, they began as the motivation and ended as pests that could sabotage our project. Distrust existed because we weren't communicating. They didn't know why we were there, and we didn't know what they wanted to gain from our project. This problem is in no way restricted to the SC Geological Survey (I think the SCGS is actually at the top of the pack when it comes to talking with locals); it's rampant among scientists and non-scientist's in general.
I had jumped into real research and emerged grateful, but ultimately unsatisfied. I loved the science I was doing, but I was completely disconnected from the farmers whose land was impacted by the science. I realized I wanted to be more than just a scientist. I also wanted to be a voice for science and an ear for the public. So, I applied to graduate school at the University of Washington and headed over to start | 506 |
Q: Getting delayed_job to just work I followed the railscast which uses CollectiveIdea's fork. I'm not able to get it to work. I created a new file in my /lib folder and included this
class Device
def deliver
#my long running method
end
handle_asynchronously :deliver
end
device = Device.new
device.deliver
I do a script/delayed_job and that forks an app instance. Now,
*
*There's no job activity going on. Nothing in the delayed_jobs table and nothing in the logs. Am I missing something here?
*How do I set the interval for which the method should be run? (Ex every 30 seconds)
I'm testing this in the development mode (Rails 2.3.2), and soon will be moving this into production.
Thanks !
A: Do you see a process for the script/delayed_job that you ran? Do a ps aux<|fim_middle|> you cannot set any time intervals using Delayed Job.
A: As a first step to diagnose the problem:
*
*Stop your job workers
*Launch a delayed job
*Check whether it is present in the database.
| | grep delayed_job and see if there is a process running.
AFAIK, | 17 |
In order to understand the importance of Venice's winemaking tradition, one need only recall that Piazza San Marco contained a vineyard until the year 1100. The first traces of viticulture harken back more than 2500 years, and the islands of the lagoon were always cultivated in order to provide some self-sufficiency in a lagoon 92% of whose surface is covered by water. Even the piazzas were farmed, hence the term "Campo" (field), which is often used in place of "Piazza." Venissa was founded in 2002, when Gianluca Bisol saw a small vineyard in a garden in front of the Santa Maria Assunta Basilica, the oldest church in all of Venice, located on<|fim_middle|> the most important wine cellars in the world. In the years that followed, Venissa has become a cult wine and ranked highly in the most important wine industry guides and publications, thanks in part to the growing interest in macerated wines. The minerality and strong notes of the salty terroir of Native Venice are what most appeal to wine lovers. In 2011, Rosso Venissa was first introduced; it is produced from Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon vines grown on the nearby island of Santa Cristina. From the same vineyard, in 2013, Rosso Venusa was born. | the island of Torcello. His curiosity was piqued, and after he met Nicoletta, who tended to the garden, he began to carry out historical and agronomical research on the vines. He discovered that the Venetian islands had an important viticultural tradition and had always contained many vineyards until 1966, the year of the great flood that destroyed the vineyards, causing all traces of this millennial tradition to be lost. The research he began led to the rediscovery of an indigenous variety, Dorona di Venezia, that had adapted to the salty conditions of the lagoon over the centuries.
Thanks to a team of agronomists and experts in lagoon history, the last 88 vine plants that survived the flood were found. In the course of their research the experts met Gastone, a farmer who produced a small amount of wine for his family and used the traditional winemaking methods of the lagoon, including the long skin maceration that give Dorona its impressive longevity. Subsequently, Roberto Cipresso and Desiderio Bisol, Venissa's enologists, were inspired to produce a white wine with the body and structure of a red. A few years later, Gianluca Bisol's dream became a reality when he found an estate on the island of Mazzorbo located just steps away from the island of Burano. It is a small estate surrounded by medieval walls and a 14th-century belfry located in the vineyard. The property, surrounded by water on all sides, is crossed by a canal and has its own fishery. The land is what can only be referred to as extreme, and agronomists did not advise planting vines there because of its high salt content.
Despite that advice and the risk that flood waters could destroy the vineyard, as was the case in 1966, Gianluca Bisol decided to replant the ancient variety, encouraged by the history of the estate, which was planted with vineyards from the 1300s on and also became a winery in the 1800s and continued to produce wine until the 1966 flood. Augusto Scarpa, who owned the winery between the late 1800s and early 1900s, was one of the first Italian enologists. The first vintage of Venissa was introuduced in 2010; 4480 bottles were produced, thus introducing Dorona di Venezia into | 523 |
Tuck OnSite Global Consulting—Creative Business Solutions, Real Results
Two OnSite Global Consulting projects illustrate how Tuck MBAs are putting their rigorous and relevant education into action by tackling real-world problems in the energy and health care sectors.
A team of six T'<|fim_middle|> their clients' expectations, even in ambigious situations. Participating in OnSite teaches students how to stretch outside their comfort zone, hone their communication skills, and put what they've learned into action with lessons from courses like Management Communications, Operations Management, and Marketing.
"These are real business challenges with real clients. The learning benefits for students can't be overstated," says Laufer.
To date, Tuck students have participated in 237 projects for 168 clients in 60 countries. Here are two recent OnSite projects where students successfully helped a client solve a real-world business challenge.
WEnergy Global
For a company as innovative and fast-growing as WEnergy Global, blockchain technology seemed like a promising way for the Singapore renewables company to generate more revenue as it carries out its mission to bring electricity to 120 million residents in southeast Asia who lack access.
To help WEnergy determine if the company should implement blockchain, a Tuck team comprised of five T'20s conducted extensive, in-depth interviews with industry experts in blockchain and in the crypto-investment space. They culled through helpful industry reports, examined financial statements and reviewed WEnergy's existing business operations.
It was a dream team comprised of T'20s Junyang Ke, Cihan Sahin, Josephine Ren, Samyak Jaroli and Todor Parushev, who have backgrounds ranging from law and fintech to finance and consulting.
"Our different perspectives actually ended up generating a lot of synergy," recalls Ke, who is from Singapore and worked as an oil trader before beginning his studies at Tuck. "When we were working together to solve problems, there was a lot of friendly debate and discussion, and I think our diversity as a team helped us deliver a transformative solution for the client," says Ke. "This has been one of my best experiences at Tuck."
The team also tapped into support from their advisors and resources at the Revers Center for Energy and the Center for Digital Strategies. All five students worked from Hanover in the project's initial stages, then traveled to Singapore for three weeks, where they met with key client stakeholders, senior management and blockchain industry practitioners.
I'm happy because WEnergy is benefitting from the students' positivity and their high-level intellectual capabilities. They wanted to use their knowledge to better the world. They really had their hearts in the right place.
The founder and CEO of WEnergy Global, Atem Ramsundersingh, had previously interacted with Tuck students on an OnSite project and was so delighted with the results that he signed up for another engagement. This time, the students did not disappoint, either.
WEnergy plans to implement the team's recommendations to develop blockchain and market it as two products to two investor groups. Ramsundersingh, who hosted the students at his home before they departed back to Hanover, says he was thrilled with the amount of information the Tuck team was able to deliver and the manner in which they made their recommendations.
"I was impressed by the quality of energy the students carried—there was no negativity in them," Ramsundersingh says. "I'm happy because WEnergy is benefitting from their positivity and their high-level intellectual capabilities. The students wanted to use their knowledge to better the world. They really had their hearts in the right place."
The Association of Croatian American Professionals (ACAP)
When the Association of Croatian American Professionals (ACAP) decided it wanted to launch an evidence-based integrated wellness tourism program, it tapped a team of Tuck students to help them map out an appropriate strategy. ACAP—a member-driven nonprofit based in California consisting of 15 chapters across the U.S.—hoped the initiative would help establish Croatia as a go-to destination for health and wellness.
The team—comprised of T'20s Linda Horner, Nirlipta Panda, Tanushree Podder and Zach Castle, as well as Owen Ritz D'21—visited Dubrovnik, Zagreb, Rijeka, Vukovar, and additional cities in Croatia to conduct qualitative interviews with professionals from organizations that included public and private medical clinics, wellness centers, hotels and health tourism startups. They surveyed more than 100 customers, sifted through different data points to identify certain themes and identified important questions for ACAP to answer, such as: Does Croatia have the technology and infrastructure to roll out such a program?
"It was exciting to be creating an entirely new product," said Horner, who grew up in Uganda and has an interest in global health. "The complexity of the project was very interesting to me. It was an opportunity to build something from nothing."
The team recommended that ACAP roll out three product offerings—a rejuvenating health retreat, a personalized lifestyle medicine program and a rehabilitation paradise—believing that the programs would help create positive lifestyle interventions while connecting participants to their roots in Croatia.
Tuck demonstrated the value of an objective assessment by professionals with diverse backgrounds and skillsets. The strategic recommendations made by the Tuck team will certainly provide us with a competitive advantage.
Dr. Jeana Havidich, a member of ACAP based at Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, said that the students exceeded her expectations—they came prepared to Croatia and were really able to hit the ground running right away. "The first thing that impressed me was their ability to understand our situation," Havidich says. "The Tuck team delivered an impressive amount of research, including a helpful competitor analysis. In the final report, not only were our questions answered, but they addressed additional points that may contribute to the success of our project."
ACAP plans to implement the students' recommendations and establish programs in Croatia within the next two years. Bringing key stakeholders together—from Croatian and US Governments to the private health care sector—enabled the ACAP Medical Tourism Task Force to start meaningful discussions. "Tuck demonstrated the value of an objective assessment by professionals with diverse backgrounds and skillsets," says Havidich. "The strategic recommendations made by the Tuck team will certainly provide us with a competitive advantage." In future, ACAP is interested in collaborating with Tuck on other programs, including establishing a much needed cancer center in Eastern Europe.
If your organization has a global strategy challenge that could use MBA insights and actionable recommendations, OnSite is offering consulting opportunities this summer and fall. Please contact Kerry Laufer, director of OnSite, for more information on how to become a client.
High Stakes, Real Results
Three recent OnSite Global Consulting projects illustrate the real-world business challenges that Tuck MBAs solve for clients.
In It for Impact
Two recent TuckGO projects demonstrate just how committed Tuck is to making an impact in the world—a mission the OnSite Global Consulting course has held for over 20 years | 20s worked with WEnergy in Singapore to help the company determine if it should implement blockchain technology.
Since 1997, Tuck's OnSite Global Consulting (OnSite) program has given students the chance to take what they've learned in the classroom and make an impact in the world by helping real companies solve their most pressing business challenges.
So how does an OnSite project operate? Clients come to OnSite looking for fresh insights and actionable results. After spending weeks researching, meeting with clients, and strategizing solutions, a carefully selected team of students from diverse business backgrounds presents the client with specific recommendations to address a timely challenge of their choice.
"We're successful when our work has a measurable impact on our clients' businesses," says Kerry Laufer, director of the OnSite program. "Since we wrapped up projects in January, I've already heard from clients about new partnerships established, increased revenues, and other positive outcomes following implementation of our teams' initial recommendations."
The OnSite program is mutually beneficial for both clients and students. Since OnSite sends students to far-flung countries around the world, the program tends to attract passionate students looking to engage in a challenge and who want to develop their global leadership capabilities. Students must learn how to deliver on | 254 |
Ledger Crypto Wallets Everything You Need To Know About The Ledger Nano S And Nano X Hardware Wallets
Ledger Crypto Wallets: Everything You Need To Know About The Ledger Nano S And Nano X Hardware Wallets
Safe storage of digital assets, such as cryptocurrencies and NFTs, is an absolute necessity especially now that decentralization is going mainstream. Sure, you can implement security measures to protect your cryptocurrencies from malicious hackers but the ultimate security measure to avoid crypto theft is storing your digital assets in a cold wallet that is not connected to the internet.
Ledger crypto wallets provide the ideal solution for individuals seeking the highest level of security for their digital assets. This review of the different Ledger wallets will provide all the knowledge you need to understand this hardware wallet such as how it works, why it is considered highly secure, and why you should consider owning one.
What Are Ledger Crypto Wallets?
The Ledger Nano S and Ledger Nano X – Similarities
The Ledger Nano S and Ledger Nano X – Differences
Setting Up And Using A Ledger Nano S Or Ledger Nano X Wallet
How To Receive Crypto Using A Ledger Wallet
How To Transfer Crypto From Your Ledger Hardware Wallet
Are There Any Risks Associated With The Ledger Nano S And Nano X Hardware Wallets?
Pros of the Ledger Nano S
Pros of the Ledger Nano X
Ledger wallets are a type of cryptocurrency wallet that exist as physical devices, oftentimes resembling a flash drive and this is why they are called hardware wallets. They are also described as cold wallets due to the lack of internet connectivity and this ties into their highly secure nature because<|fim_middle|> pin, and click on the "Send" tab. Enter the correct wallet address to which you intend to send the cryptocurrencies. Confirm that the wallet is correct and click the green "Send" button to finalize the transaction.
There is no such thing as a non-zero risk with everything and this applies to the Ledger wallets. Despite the robust build and the offline storage, they might still be susceptible to damage or loss. This is why it is necessary to securely store the recovery phrase because it is the only thing that can help you recover your crypto. The other risk is the potential loss associated with errors such as inputting the wrong wallet address when moving your crypto around. That being said, the Ledger Nano S and Ledger Nano X wallets currently sit at the top of the list of safe crypto storage options. Based on this, you should definitely consider purchasing either a Ledger Nano S or a Ledger Nano X to keep your cryptos secure.
One of the main advantages of the Ledger Nano S wallet is that it offers a secure way to store your cryptocurrencies and the wallet is offline, not connected to the internet. In comparison, a software wallet can easily be hacked especially if the device is infected with a virus, malware, or a key logger. Another benefit of the Ledger Nano S is that your private keys are stored within the actual device. Added security features include the fact that you will need to choose a PIN which you will need to enter every time you want to use your wallet. In addition to your pin number, you will also receive a 24-word recovery phrase which is shown on the Ledger screen so only you have access to this information. The Ledger is also protected against physical damage since it has been built with highly durable materials, including a cover that is made from stainless steel.
The Ledger Nano X is secure and since it is a hardware wallet, or cold wallet, you are able to store your cryptos securely offline. Another advantage is that the Ledger Nano X has Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) connectivity which gives you the convenience and flexibility to use it without the need for a cable. Interestingly, for complete peace of mind, the Ledger company has developed a unique operating system called BOLOS. This OS integrates a secure chip for all Ledger wallets giving it more security. Once you receive your Ledger Nano X device, you will be required to create a pin code. You will also receive a 24-word recovery phrase. In terms of its protection against physical damage, the Ledger Nano X is also made using the highest-quality materials that can protect the device from physical damage.
If you own cryptocurrencies, it is vital to keep them safe at all times. The Ledger wallets, both the Ledger Nano X and the Ledger Nano S offer a secure option and are considered the best hardware wallets in the market. Purchase your Ledger wallet today and protect and store your cryptos with complete peace of mind. | they cannot be accessed remotely.
Ledger wallets are made by a company called Ledger which is based in Paris, France. The company has been around since 2014 after its founders identified the need for a secure solution for the crypto space. Ledger currently employs over 130 people in its San Francisco and Paris offices. It has sold more than 1 million hardware wallets since its inception and will likely sell more as the crypto market approaches mainstream adoption.
Ledger wallets are the ideal solution for individuals that do not want to leave anything to chance as far as the security of their cryptocurrencies is concerned. The company has two products, the Ledger Nano X and the Ledger Nano S. They share some similarities but are also different from each other in multiple ways.
Let us explore the Ledger Nano S and the Ledger Nano X in more detail.
The Ledger Nano S and Ledger Nano X - Similarities
The Ledger Nano S and Nano X perform the same function of holding cryptocurrencies and they both support more than 1800 cryptocurrencies including the most popular ones such as Bitcoin and Ethereum. They both look like USB flash disks and have an incorporated exchange feature to make it easier for users to trade cryptocurrencies. The two wallets feature mobile app support, and their hardware is supported by a proprietary OS known as Blockchain Open Ledger Operating System.
The Ledger Nano S and Ledger Nano X - Differences
The first major difference between the two cold wallets is their physical appearance. Although they are almost similar visually, the Ledger Nano S is slightly smaller than the Ledger Nano X. The latter has Bluetooth support which makes it possible to connect to internet-connected devices, such as a PC or mobile phone, and it can still be connected via USB. The Ledger Nano S lacks Bluetooth support but it can be connected to other devices using a USB cord.
The two hardware wallets have internal batteries, but the Ledger Nano X's battery capacity is larger by 100mAh which extends its battery life by a few more hours before requiring a recharge. Both wallets have small displays, but the Ledger Nano X has a larger display with more pixels than its counterparts, making it easier to use.
The Ledger Nano S only supports Android OS devices while the Ledger Nano X supports both Android and iOS apps. This means the Nano X is more preferable to users that own Apple iPhones and iPad devices. The differences also come down to the cost. The Ledger Nano S costs around $59 while the Ledger Nano X is almost double the cost at $119.
Having responsibility for your crypto wealth has a bit of a learning curve, as is the case with the Ledger wallets. The two have a setup process through which the user configures the device. It starts with connecting the device to an internet-connected device via USB or through Bluetooth in the case of the Ledger Nano X.
Once connected, a "Configure New Device" tab will pop up and you can confirm the action by pressing the button on the right side (Note that there are two buttons on the hardware wallet). An affirmative confirmation will trigger the installation of the drivers necessary for the device to operate optimally. You will be required to set a pin which can be a minimum of 4 digits and a maximum of 8 digits. The pin is an essential part of the wallet's security and as such, will be required to access the cryptocurrencies stored within the device. It is thus wise to never share this pin with anyone.
The Ledger wallet will generate a 24-word backup recovery phrase as soon as the PIN is confirmed. The recovery phrase is one of the most important security measures because it can be used to regain access to your wallet in case you forget the password, and also to set a new password if required. It is also useful in recovering your crypto in case your wallet is lost, damaged, or stolen. Note that losing the recovery phrase might lead to the complete loss of your crypto. You should thus write it down and hide it in a place that only you can recover it.
You will be required to re-enter the recovery phrase word-by-word to complete the setup process, after which it will be ready to receive, store or send cryptocurrencies.
Ledger wallets require a software medium to interact with other devices to carry out transactions and this comes in the form of the Ledger Manager. This can be installed in your Chrome browser as an extension and after that, you will be required to install your preferred wallet app. After this, you will be required to connect the Ledger wallet to the PC or mobile device and then enter the login pin. The next step will be selecting between a Legacy or SegWit wallet. The latter is preferable because it is more user-friendly.
Once the SegWit option is selected, the Ledger Manager will display the Ledger hardware wallet's address, allowing you to transfer to the cryptocurrencies stored in the selected web or software wallet. This option will require you to click on the "Receive" tab. You will then be required to click on the "Display Address on Device" button. Your unique Ledger wallet address will now be displayed, and you can then simply copy this information.
Sending cryptocurrencies from your Ledger Nano wallet is just as easy. Ensure that it is connected to the PC or mobile device on which the wallet application is installed, enter the | 1,061 |
Mathematical Ramblings
About the author: Dr. A.J. Bruce
Category Archives: Physics
Physics, Post Doc Luxembourg, Research work
A "higher graded" version of supersymmetry and superspace
December 10, 2018 ajb Leave a comment
In a preprint On a ℤ₂ⁿ-Graded Version of Supersymmetry I construct a "higher" graded version of the extended supersymmetry algebras and construct the corresponding generalisation of Minkowski superspace.
Supersymmetry is a powerful non-classical symmetry that relates bosons and fermions. A geometric understanding of this can be found under the umbrella of "superspace" methods, which rely on the theory of supermanifolds. At a basic level, one starts with Minkowski space-time and then appends to this anticommuting spinor coordinates. By anticommuting we mean that
θ1 θ2 = – θ2 θ1
The fact that we append object that anticommute is deeply tied to that fact that quasi-classically, fermionic fields require us to use such weird things. This is really a form of the Pauli exclusion principle.
However, from a mathematical point of view, there is no reason why we cannot append spinors with more exotic relations between them. Indeed, people have considered "non-anticommuting superspaces" inspired by the way string theory should modify space-time on the smallest scales. In the preprint, I consider a very mild version of this non-anticommutativity by appending spinors that commute (i.e., the order does not matter) up to a sign given by a ℤ₂ⁿ-grading.
This leads to spinors that square to zero (as they should), yet commute amongst themselves! This is very different from the standard theory of supermanifolds and supersymmetry. In fact, we are immediately reminded of Green-Volkov parastatistics. I comment on this in the preprint, though parastatistical versions of "superspace" were not my main motivation with this work.
It seems that just about everything can be generalised to this higher graded setting using the theory of ℤ₂ⁿ-geometry, which is itself a new and developing piece of mathematics. In particular, a higher graded version of Minkowski superspace is given and the corresponding supersymmetry transformations are explored in the preprint.
Education, General Mathematics, Physics
Can one disprove special relativity with high school mathematics?
March 19, 2016 ajb Leave a comment
Is it possible using mathematics that is not much beyond high school mathematics to prove that special relativity is wrong? And what does that even mean?
The mathematics of special relativity
It is more-or-less true that Einstein's original works on special relativity do not really use any highbrow mathematics. In a standard undergraduate introduction to the subject no more than linear algebra is really used: vector spaces, matrices and quadratic forms.
So, as linear algebra is well-founded, one is not going to find some internal inconsistencies in special relativity.
Moreover, today we understand special relativity to be based on the geometry of Minkowski space-time. Basically, this is Euclidean with an awkward minus sign in the metric. Thus, special relativity, from a geometric perspective, is as well-founded as any thing in differential geometry.
So one is not going to mathematically prove that special relativity is wrong in any mathematical sense.
On to physics…
However, the theory of special relativity is falsifiable in the sense of Popper. That is, taking into account the domain of validity (ie., just the situations you expect the theory to work), experimental accuracy, statistical errors etc. one can compare the theoretical predictions with what is measured in experiments. If the predictions match the theory well, up to some pre-described level, then the theory is said to be 'good'. Otherwise the theory is 'bad' and not considered to be a viable description of nature.
In this sense, using not much more that linear algebra one could in principle calculate something within special relativity that does not agree well with nature (being careful with the domain of validity etc). Thus, one can in principle show that special relativity is not a 'good' theory by finding some mismatch between the theory and observations. This must be the case if we want to consider special relativity as a scientific theory.
Is special relativity 'good' or 'bad'?
Today we have no evidence, direct or indirect, to suggest that special relativity is not a viable description of nature (as ever taking into account the domain of validity). For example, the standard model of particle physics has at its heart special relativity. So far we have had great agreement with theory and experiment, the electromagnetic sector is extremely well tested. This tells us that special relativity is 'good'.
Even the more strange predictions like time dilation are realised. For example the difference in the life-time of muons as measured at rest and at high speed via cosmic rays agrees very well with the predictions of special relativity.
Including gravity into the mix produces general relativity. However, we know that on small enough scales general relativity reduces to special relativity. Any evidence that general relativity is a 'good' theory also indirectly tells us that special relativity is 'good'. Apart from all the other tests, I offer the discovery of gravitational waves as evidence that general relativity is 'good' and thus special relativity is also 'good'.
The clause
The important thing to remember is that the domain of validity is vital in deciding if a theory is 'good' or 'bad'. We know that physics depends on the scales at which you observe, so we in no way would expect special relativity be a viable description across all scales. For example, when gravity comes into play we have to consider general relativity.
On the very smallest length scales, outside of what we can probe, we expect the nature of space-time to be modified to take into account quantum mechanics. Thus, at these smallest length scales we would not expect the description of space-time using special relativity to be a very accurate one. So, no one is claiming that special relativity, nor general relativity is the final say on the structure of space and time. All we are claiming is that we do have 'good' theories by the widely accepted definition.
Are all claims that relativity is wrong bogus?
Well, one would have to examine all claims carefully to answer that…
However, in my experience most objections to special relativity are based on either philosophical grounds or misinterpreting the calculations. Neither of these are enough to claim that Einstein was completely wrong in regards to relativity.
Astronomy, Physics
The Polish and Welsh contributions to the discovery of gravitational waves
February 14, 2016 ajb Leave a comment
I just want to acknowledge the contributions of two teams to the discovery of gravitational waves. These groups are only part of the wider community and I highlight them for purely personal reasons.
The Polish group
The Virgo-POLGRAW group, lead by Prof. Andrzej Królak at IMPAN.
The Welsh group
The Cardiff Gravitational Physics Group, and within that the Data Innovation Institute lead by Prof Bernard F Schutz.
On the physics of chocolate
August 28, 2015 ajb Leave a comment
Researchers at Technische Universität München, Germany, have reported that molecular dynamics can be used to gain new insights into the chocolate conching [1].
Chocolate conching is the stage of manufacturing where aromatic sensation, texture and mouthfeel are developed.
This work seems to be the first to attempt to properly understand the role of lecithins in chocolate production.
Physics, helping to build a tasty more palatable world.
[1] M Kindlein, M Greiner, E Elts and H Briesen, Interactions between phospholipid head groups and a sucrose crystal surface at the cocoa butter interface, 2015 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 48 384002.
Chocolate physics: how modelling could improve mouthfeel, IOP website.
Physics, Post Doc Poland, Research work
The 2nd Conference of the Polish Society on Relativity
July 14, 2015 ajb Leave a comment
I will be attending the 2nd conference of the Polish Society of Relativity which will celebrate 100 years of general relativity.
The conference is in Warsaw and will be held over the period 23-28 November 2015.
The invited speakers include George Ellis, Roy Kerr, Roger Penrose and Kip Thorne. I am a little excited about this.
Registration is now open and you can follow the link below to find out more.
Polskie Towarzystwo Relatywistyczne
June 6, 2015 ajb Leave a comment
The subject of a quantum theory of gravity is interesting, technical and very difficult. However, there are three basic principles that we expect such a theory to obey.
Creating a full quantum theory of gravity seems to be out of our reach right now. String theory comes close, but the full theory here is not understood. Loop quantum gravity also offers a good picture, but again technicalities spoil achieving the goal.
I am no expert in quantum gravity, but I thought it maybe interesting to outline three basic 'rules'. The full quantum theory of gravity should be:
Renormalisable (maybe not perturbatively) or finite.
Background independent.
Reducible to general relativity (plus small corrections) in a sensible classical limit.
As a warning, I will not be too technical here, but will use some standard language from quantum field theory.
Renormalisable
The standard methods of quantum field theory are to expand the theory about some fixed configuration, usually the vacuum, and consider small fluctuations about this reference configuration. However, in doing so some techniques are needed to remove the appearance of infinite values of things you would like to measure in the lab. These methods are collective known as 'perturbative renormalisation'. For example, we know that the quantum theory of electrodynamics can be handled properly using these methods.
However, general relativity as described by Einstein is not amenable to methods of perturbative renormalisation. Well, this is true if we want a full theory. What one can do is consider quantum general relativity as an effective theory. That is we accept that at some energy scale the theory will breakdown, but as long as we are not at that scale the theory is okay. By adding a 'cut-off' we can understand quantum general relativity using Feynman diagrams to 'one-loop' and calculate graviton scattering amplitudes and so on.
Interestingly, there is some evidence that general relativity or something close to it is nonperturbatively renormalisable; this is known as asymptotic safety. With no details, the idea is that quantum general relativity is not 'sick' and well-defined, just not as a perturbative theory like quantum electrodynamics. This is fascinating as it means that a proper quantum theory of gravity may not be a theory of gravitons after all! Recall that small ripples in the electromagnetic field are quantised and understood to be photons. Maybe it is not really possible to describe quantum gravity in a similar way where small ripples in space-time are quantised.
Alternatively, a full theory of quantum gravity could be finite. That is we can employ perturbative methods, but do not need renormalisation techniques. Amazingly, we know of supersymmetric Yang-Mills theories that are finite. Moreover, superstring theory is also finite (I am unsure as to how rigours the proof are here, but the string community generally accept this as fact). It maybe possible that the full theory of quantum gravity is finite from the start. This suggests that looking at supersymmetric theories of gravity is a good idea, but by no means the only thing one can think about.
In short, any full quantum theory of gravity must allow us to calculate things we can hope to measure.
Background independence
This means that the theory should not depend on any chosen background geometric fields. In particular, this is taken to mean that the theory should not require some chosen background metric.
String theory as it stands fails on this. However, string theory is usually employed using perturbation theory and so some classical background is chosen, often 10-d flat space-time.
Loop quantum gravity seems better in this respect, but it has other problems.
In short, any full quantum theory of gravity should not require us to fix the geometry (and maybe topology) from the start.
Reduce to general relativity
General relativity has been so successful in describing classical gravitational phenomena. It is tested to some huge degree of accuracy and so far no deviations from it's predictions have been found. General relativity is a good theory within the expected domains of validity.
Thus, any quantum theory of gravity must in some classical limit reduce to general relativity, up to small corrections. These quantum corrections must be small enough as not to be seen already in astrophysics and cosmology.
If a quantum theory of gravity cannot be shown to reduce to general relativity in some limits (there maybe several ways of doing this) then we cannot be sure that we really have a quantum theory of gravity.
Today we know that string theory gives us general relativity + small corrections. In essence this is because the spectra of closed string theory contains a spin-2 boson, via rather general arguments we know that this has to be the graviton and the field equations are essentially the Einstein field equations. (Remember this is all in perturbation theory).
Recovering general relativity from loop quantum gravity has yet to be done. This I would say is a sticking point right now.
In short, any full quantum theory of<|fim_middle|>2018 (4) October 2017 (2) July 2017 (1) May 2017 (2) February 2017 (1) December 2016 (2) November 2016 (1) October 2016 (1) September 2016 (1) August 2016 (1) July 2016 (1) June 2016 (1) May 2016 (1) March 2016 (1) February 2016 (1) January 2016 (2) December 2015 (1) November 2015 (1) October 2015 (1) September 2015 (4) August 2015 (3) July 2015 (4) June 2015 (3) May 2015 (4) April 2015 (1) March 2015 (4) February 2015 (2) January 2015 (1) December 2014 (2) November 2014 (5) October 2014 (8) September 2014 (7) August 2014 (9) July 2014 (3) June 2014 (8) May 2014 (8) April 2014 (6) March 2014 (8) February 2014 (9) January 2014 (3) December 2013 (4) November 2013 (3) October 2013 (5) September 2013 (11) August 2013 (9) July 2013 (6) June 2013 (7) May 2013 (10) April 2013 (11) March 2013 (14) February 2013 (23) January 2013 (22) December 2012 (10) November 2012 (14) October 2012 (30) September 2012 (33) August 2012 (12) July 2012 (3) June 2012 (3) May 2012 (6) April 2012 (8) March 2012 (19) February 2012 (22) January 2012 (16) December 2011 (5) November 2011 (1) October 2011 (5) September 2011 (3) August 2011 (4) June 2011 (1) May 2011 (1) March 2011 (2) February 2011 (2) January 2011 (3) November 2010 (1) October 2010 (6) September 2010 (2) August 2010 (2) July 2010 (1) June 2010 (2) | gravity must reproduce the phenomena of general relativity is some classical limit(s).
The original review of general relativity
It has now been 99 years, to the day (20/03/2015) since Einstein published his original summary of general relativity [1].
Before that he had published some incomplete works that have the wrong field equation, but the key ideas were in place by 1914. The core idea is that space-time is dynamical and interacts with the matter and energy.
It is hard to believe that this theory of gravity has stood the test of time so well. We know for various reasons that general relativity cannot be the complete picture, but nature just refuses to give us hints on what could be the more complete theory.
[1] A. Einstein, Die Grundlage der allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie, Annalen der Physik 354 (7), 1916, 769-822.
General Mathematics, Physics, Post Doc Poland, Research work
Supersymmetry and mathematics
Prof Beate Heinemann, from the Atlas experiment at CERN had said that they may detect supersymmetric particles as early as this summer. But what if they don't?
What if nature does not realise supersymmetry? Has my interest in supermathematics been a waste of time?
Superysmmetry
We hope that we're just now at this threshold that we're finding another world, like antimatter for instance. We found antimatter in the beginning of the last century. Maybe we'll find now supersymmetric matter
Prof Beate Heinemann [1]
In nature there are two families of particles. The bosons, like the photon and the fermions, like the electron. Bosons are 'friendly' particles and they are quite happy to share the same quantum state. Fermions are the complete opposite, they are more like hermits and just won't share the same quantum state. In the standard model of particle physics the force carriers are bosons and matter particles are fermions. The example here is the photon which is related to the electromagnetic force. On the other side we have the quarks that make up the neutron & proton and the electron, all these are fermions and together they form atoms.
Supersymmetry is an amazing non-classical symmetry that relates bosons and fermions. That is there are situations for which bosons and fermions can be treated equally. Again note the very different 'lifestyle' of these two families. If supersymmetry is realised in nature then every boson will have a fermionic partner and vice versa. In one swoop the known fundamental particles of nature are (at least) doubled! Moreover, the distinction between matter and forces becomes blurred!
A little mathematics
Without details, the theory of bosons requires the so called Canonical Commutation Relation or CCR. Basically it is given by
\([\hat{x},\hat{p}] = \hat{x} \hat{p} – \hat{p} \hat{x} = i \hbar \).
Here x 'hat' is interpreted as the position operator and p 'hat' the momentum. The right hand side of this equation is a physical constant called Planck's constant (multiplied by the complex unit, but this is inessential). The above equation really is the basis of all quantum mechanics.
The classical limit is understood as setting the right hand side to zero. Doing so we 'remove the hat' and get
\(xp- px =0 \).
Thus, the classical theory of bosons does not require anything beyond (maybe complex) numbers. Importantly, the order of the multiplication does not matter here at all, just think of standard multiplication of real numbers.
The situation for fermions is a little more interesting. Here we have the so called Canonical Anticommutation Relations or CAR,
\(\{\hat{\psi}, \hat{\pi} \} = \hat{\psi} \hat{\pi} + \hat{\pi} \hat{\psi} = i \hbar\).
Again these operators have an interpretation as position and momentum, in a more generalised setting. Note the difference in the sign here, this is vital. Again we can take a classical limit resulting in
\(\psi \pi + \pi \psi =0\).
But hang on. This means that we cannot interpret this classical limit in terms of standard numbers. Well, unless we just set everything to zero. Really we have taken a quasi-classical limit and realise that the description of fermions in this limit require us to consider 'numbers' that anticommute; that is ab = -ba. Note this means that aa= -aa =0. Thus we have nilpotent 'numbers', that is non-zero 'numbers' that square to zero. This is odd indeed.
Supermathematics and supergeometry
In short, supermathematics is all about the algebra, calculus and geometry one can do when including these anticommuting 'numbers'. The history of such things can be traced back to Grassmann in 1844, pre-dating the applications in physics. Grassmann's interests were in linear algebra. These odd 'numbers' (really the generators of) are usually referred to as Grassmann variables and the algebra they form a Grassmann algebra.
One of my interests is in doing geometry with such odd variables, this is well established and a respectable area of research, if not very well represented. Loosely, think about simple coordinate geometry in high school, but now we include these odd numbers in our description. I will only reference the original paper here [2], noting that many other works evolved from this including some very readable books.
What if no supersymmetry in nature?
This would not mean the end of research into supermathematics and its applications in both physics & mathematics.
From a physics perspective supersymmetry is a powerful symmetry that can vastly simplify many calculations. There is an industry here that works on using supersymmertic results and applying them to the non-supersymmetric case. This I cannot see simply ending if supersymmetry is not realised in nature, it could be viewed as a powerful mathematical trick. In fact, similar tricks are already mainstream in physics in the context of quantising classical gauge theories, like the Yang-Mills theory that describes the strong force. These methods come under the title of BRST-BV (after the guys who first discovered it). Maybe I can say more about this another time.
From a mathematics point of view supergeometry pushes what we know as geometry. It gives us a workable stepping stone into the world of noncommutative geometry, which is a whole collections of works devoted to understanding general (usually associative) algebras as the algebra of functions on 'generalised spaces'. The motivation here also comes from physics by applying quantum theory to space-time and gravity.
Supergeometry has also shed light on classical constructions. For example, the theory of differential forms can be cast neatly in the framework of supermanifolds. Related to this are Lie algebroids and their generalisations, all of which are neatly described in terms of supergeometry [3].
A very famous result here is Witten's 1982 proof of the Morse inequalities using supersymmetric quantum mechanics [4]. This result started the interest in applying physics to questions in topology, which is now a very popular topic.
Supermathematics has proved to be a useful concept in mathematics with applications in physics beyond just 'supersymmetry'. The geometry here pushes our classical understanding, provides insight and answers to questions that would not be so readily available in the purely classical setting. Supergeometry, although initially motivated by supersymmetry goes much further than just supersymmetric theories and this is independent of CERN showing us supersymmetry in nature or not.
[1] Jonathan Amos, Collider hopes for a 'super' restart, BBC NEWS.
[2] F. A. Berezin and D. A. Leites, Supermanifolds, Soviet Math. Dokl. 6 (1976), 1218-1222.
[3] A Yu Vaintrob, Lie algebroids and homological vector fields, 1997 Russ. Math. Surv. 52 428.
[4] Edward Witten, Supersymmetry and Morse theory, J. Differential Geom. Volume 17, Number 4 (1982), 661-692.
Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics Symposium Videos
December 5, 2014 ajb Leave a comment
The videos from the Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics Symposium are now available to watch, follow the link below. The symposium was held on the 10th November at Stanford University and co-hosted by UC-San Francisco and UC-Berkeley.
There was a panel discussion with Adam Riess, Brian Schmidt, Saul Perlmutter and Yuri Milner, and individual 20-minute talks from Nima Arkani-Hamed, Juan Maldacena, Andrei Linde, Stephen Shenker, Alexei Kitaev, Patrick Hayden, John Preskill, Nathan Seiberg, Joe Polchinski and Uros Seljak.
Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics Videos 2015
Why there is no equivalence principle for electromagnetic theory
November 10, 2014 ajb 6 Comments
Quite regularly one will come across a website, blog or some thread on a forum that says the gravity is just electromagnetism. For sure they are not the same. However, I am not sure what would constitute the 'nail in the coffin' for all these clams.
With this in mind, I am not going to try to debunk every such claim. However, I think the reason for this seeming equivalence comes from the static limit. In this limit it is true that there are many formal similarities between Newtonian gravity and electrostatics. In fact there are many formal similarities in the full classical theories, both are very geometrical in nature, but I won't go into details here.
I just wanted to point out one very clear difference between gravity and electromagnetism that can be seen in this static limit. That is the lack of a generalisation of the equivalence principal for electromagnetic theory. This principal in gravity is very important and one that I will comment on in due course.
The static limit
I am guessing that we have all seen Coulombs law for electrostatics and Newton's law for gravity. Let me just write them down
\( F = k \frac{qQ}{r^{2}}\),
where \(k\) is Coulombs constant, it is a measure of the strength of the electrostatic force and \(q\) and \(Q\) are the electric charges of two point particles. The above expression is the electrostatic force between two such charged particles.
Similarly we have Newton's law of gravity
\( F = G \frac{mM}{r^{2}}\),
where \(G\) is Newton's constant which measures the strength of the gravitational force and \(m\) and \(M\) are the masses of two point particles. The above expression measures the gravitational force between these particles.
These expressions for the forces should be seen as the static non-relativistic limit. I just mean that as long as the particles are moving slow enough then the change in the fields can be viewed as instantaneous. This is okay for many applications, but it is not the full picture. However, it is the one you see at high school.
The formal similarities at this level are clear. You just need to swap constants and interchange charge and mass. But this does not mean they are the same, and there is a subtle issue here. Before that we need Newton's law of motion
Newton's second law
Newton's second law tells us that the force exerted on a particle is proportional to the acceleration of that particle. Moreover, the constant of proportionality is the (inertial) mass.
\(F = m a \).
That is all we will need.
The gravitational equivalence principal
Let us think of the particle of mass \(m\) as a test particle. That is we will think of how it is moving in the gravitational field generated by the particle \(M\) and that it does not generate a gravitational field of its own. This approximation is good for small objects moving in the gravitational field of big objects; say planets around a star or satellites in orbit around the Earth.
Now we can examine how the small mass is influenced by the big mass. We should just equate the two expressions due to Newton
\( ma = G \frac{mM}{r^{2}} \),
for which we can solve for the acceleration
\(a = G \frac{M}{r^{2}}\).
We notice a very amazing thing. The small mass cancels from both sides of the equation. (We assume that gravitational mass and inertial mass are the same. This seems to be case in nature.)
This means that the motion of the test particle does not care about any of the intrinsic properties of that particle. The only things it does care about is the initial position and velocity. This is one form of the equivalence principal which has it's roots in the experimental work of Galileo- acceleration of a test particle due to gravity is independent of the mass being accelerated.
Thus, really all the information about the test particles motion is encoded in the gravitational field alone. All test particles whatever their mass will behave the same. This is the clue that gravity can be formulated very intrinsically in terms of space-time geometry alone; this leads to general relativity which is not the subject for today.
The electromagnetic version
Now let us play the same game with electrostatics…
\( ma = k \frac{q Q}{r^{2}} \),
where we think of the test particle \((m, q)\) moving in the electric field generated by the particle \((M,Q)\). Now solving for the acceleration gives us
\(a = k \left(\frac{q}{m}\right) \frac{Q}{r^{2}} \).
Now we see the difference. The motion of the test particle does depend on the intrinsic properties of that particle, namely the charge-mass ratio. There is no similar statement like for gravitational physics; there is no equivalence principle.
Everything above is done in a particular limit of the full classical theories. The same picture is true when we examine the motion of test particles in general relativity and the Lorentz force in electromagnetic theory. I have chosen these limits because I think this is clear and also the source of the instance that gravity is just electromagnetic theory. I have pointed out one clear and explicit difference.
One can do the same with Coulomb's law for the magnetic force. Although magnetism is a bit more complicated we can examine the situation for point-like poles. This is okay for small enough poles that are well separated. You will reach the same conclusion that there is no equivalence principal in this situation. Thus, gravity is not magnetism either.
Random thoughts on mathematics, physics and more…
Welcome to Mathematical Ramblings
The intention with this blog is to post maybe once or twice a month about mathematical physics, theoretical physics, pure mathematics and anything else I find interesting.
This blog will also be used for dissemination of my work and entries related to my research will feature heavily.
Disclaimer: Any views of opinions expressed on this blog are that of the author and do not necessarily reflect that of any other individual or institution the author maybe associated with.
My name is Andrew Bruce and I am a mathematical physicist who works on the boundaries of physics and modern geometry.
Currently I am Research Associate in the Mathematics Research Unit of the University of Luxembourg.
My research interests are in mathematical physics and modern geometry. In particular I have been interested in supermanifolds, graded manifolds, Lie algebroids and various generalisations of Poisson structures.
You can contact me via email: andrewjamesbruce "at" googlemail.com
Preprints on the arXiv
My mathematics genealogy
Riemannian Q-manifolds and their modular class
A double-graded version of the quantum superplane
Connections adapted to graded bundles
Functional analytic questions and products of higher graded supermanifolds
Basics of Superanalysis
Mathematical Art
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Clark County's Economic Development Office (CCEDO) is operated out of the County's Comprehensive Planning Department. Specifically, the office works on building relationships with prospective business clients through facilitating positive interactions and experiences within comprehensive planning and other county departments such as zoning and building requirements. The office works with other local agencies and the Nevada Governor's Office of Economic Development (GOED) in order to help provide and determine any needs-based requirements the client may have, as well as possible incentives that may be offered to promote a new business or relocation of the existing business to the county.
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Clark County provides extensive regional services to 2.25 million citizens and 45.5 million visitors a year including housing the nation's 8th-busiest airport, air quality compliance, social services, and Nevada's largest public hospital, University Medical Center. The County also provides municipal services that are traditionally provided by cities to 1 million residents in the unincorporated areas including fire protection, roads and other public works, parks and recreation, and planning and development.
McCarran International Airport, located in Clark County, is the 8th-busiest airport in the country, offering direct access to hundreds of cities across the world. This assures businesses have access to | 621 |
My main draw to photography is the profound sense<|fim_middle|> have been actively pursuing photography, in-between my university degree and the rest of life. I love shooting interesting people, places and things, and in the small year I have been doing photography more seriously I have been able to experience the excitement that comes with capturing an image.
My current focus is developing my analogue photography skills. I love the quality that film gives to an image; it transports my reality to a whole other universe and gives the image a fuller representation while also being more pleasing to the eye. Film can give nostalgia and depth to any image instantly, whether it be a picture of a random street sign, a usually boring alley or a simple, mundane moment in time. The beauty of the everyday is realised in film and that is one of the reasons why I'm slowly transitioning into a film photographer.
Photography is a unique and exciting way of expressing myself; giving me a medium through which my creativity and vision can come to its full realisation. | of gratification I get from capturing the perfect moment, the best angle, a beautiful stroke of light. Being able to take a moment in time and freeze it in the most aesthetic, unique way is really exciting for me. Taking a good photo will make my day; not being able to get the shot I imagined in my head can ruin it.
I have been taking photos since I was young, stealing shots on my parents DSLR and then later claiming their camera as my own. I shoot both digital and analogue, and for the last year I | 110 |
This beautiful 1860s Greek Revival home and renovated carriage barn combine modern comforts with the charm of yesteryear, and offer plenty of space, including a first floor bedroom with bath. Original wide pine floors and mill-work, an updated kitchen with Brazilian cherry cabinetry, and subtle grace notes, such as stained glass windows, lend the house a magical ambiance. In the fully finished barn, post-and-beam construction and an open plan provide wonderful opportunities for a home business or rental income. Set amidst lush gardens and stately maple trees in a charming country village (a National Register Historic District), this wonderful property is an easy distance from restaurants, shops, and cultural and recreational amenities, including skiing at Butternut.
Beautiful WATERFRONT Estate Parcels in an exclusive Private Lake Community. Sited within walking distance to the private grassy beach where you can keep your kayak or sunfish on Lake Windemere! Lot 26 is sited on an INTIMATE WILDLIFE POND. Lot 20 is over 91/2 acres! Lot 24 is wonderfully level and over 61/2 acres. There are just 14 deeded lake access parcels available. You can walk to the<|fim_middle|> 1955 with new addition added. Just a 15 minute ride through unspoiled scenery to this charmer. Bring your rocking chair and watch the sunset from this cool porch or deck overlooking the totally 5+ private acres. Enjoy whipping up a farm style breakfast in this charming country kitchen. This family has filled this house with love and now it is time to turn it over to someone else to enjoy.
TOWN AND COUNTRY LIVING.Enjoy village living with 20 acres of country living. Hike the trails or get a horse and ride. You will adore the charm of this 1795 Colonial home with fabulous history. Once a Hotel in a thriving village then converted to a 6 bedroom home. Carefully restored and updated. Original floors, doors, woodwork, two fireplaces and a chef's dream kitchen. Lovely gardens, covered porches,a patio and a babbling brook makes this a very peaceful, tranquil property.
This is an apartment of above the Mill River General Store,which is a business opportunity ,located in New Marlborough,it offers groceries,wine and liquor ,deli,sportsman's accessories,The US POST OFFICE,2 car garage ,General Merchandise,and many other possibilities could be added. The Mill River General Store also offers a coffee club where folks come to chew the fat . | grass beach on the 100-acre crystal-clear lake - perfect to launch your kayak, canoe, swim or sail from! Minutes to the Southfield Store, or dinner in New Marlboro village at Cantina 229, The Old Inn on the Green or Gedney Farm and just about 20 minutes to Great Barrington.
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Country Road Take Me Home. Home to this 4 bedroom, 2 bath Colonial Cape. Built in | 849 |
NEWARK, Ohio, April 4, 2018 — For the first time, Central Ohio Technical College (COTC) and The Ohio State University at Newark Collegiate 4-H Club will be hosting Ag Day on April 10. It will be both inside and outside of the John L. and Christine Warner Library and Student Center from 12 to 4 p.m. Square dancing will be from 6 to 9 p.m. in the Martha Grace Reese Ampitheatre. The event is free and open to the public.
Ag Day is a day to celebrate and inform people about the ongoing importance of agriculture to humanity. The COTC and Ohio State Newark Collegiate 4-H Club is aiming to educate students and the public about agriculture, encourage involvement through interactive and educational activities, informational sessions, engaging speakers, square dancing and more.
"Attendees will have fun, learn about agriculture, be exposed to Ohio State faculty research, understand where their food originates, learn square dancing and maybe even<|fim_middle|>4-H, OSU Extension, animal nutrition, Farm Bureau, careers in agriculture, biology and insect research, beekeeping, County Fairs and Recycling and Natural Resources.
Outside activities will include a hay bale toss, farm animals, farm equipment display and square dancing. | win a prize," said Josh Flickinger, COTC and Ohio State Newark Collegiate 4-H Club president.
Ag Day speakers will include Verdie Abel and Katrina Carpenter, recycling education coordinators for Licking and Perry Counties., Morgan McCutcheon, 2018 Ohio State Fair queen, and Dr. Foster Anderson, veterinarian.
Activities will include educational booths inside the Warner Library and Student Center. The educational booths will include FFA, 4-H (youth involvement) & Collegiate | 104 |
The ANC invited Tim Sheckler of the General Services Administration to discuss the disposition process of the West Heating Plant. Sheckler started by giving a<|fim_middle|> article from the last year: By Far the Most Expensive Thing at Safeway.
Last spring, The two CVSs in Georgetown under went minor interior redesigns that enabled the stores to open up the view into the store from the windows. This improved the streetscape on the stores' blocks significantly and fixed a problem common with many CVS stores.
That's not a typo. At least GM doesn't think so. What you see there is a locked case of truffles in the Safeway produce section selling for $999.99 per pound. | bit of a history of the building: It was built in the 1940's to provide steam heat for the federal buildings on the western edge of downtown. It ceased operations about ten years ago and has sat unused since then. Now the federal government wants to get rid of it.
The long and the short of Sheckler's presentation is that the GSA doesn't care how this property gets used after it sells it. This is not a typical RFP process you may be familiar with, where the solicitor evaluates the merits of the bids. Once GSA moves to finally sell the property, it is simply a question of who the highest bidder is. The bidding even will be online, like Ebay. Sheckler estimated that this will take place in the late summer into the fall.
The ANC and the community was not particularly pleased with this news. The only real input the public has into the GSA-disposition process is to argue whether or not the GSA should sell the property at all.
The thing is, there is no DC Office of Planning plan for this lot that would detail how it should be used. This lot isn't even zoned in the first place. So ultimately the public will have some input on how it is used (via OP) and how it looks (via the Old Georgetown Board). But that won't occur until after a developer has already bought the property, and has a whole lot of money already laid out towards however they want the property to be used and how it will look.
The ANC and the community urged GSA to delay the process until OP could develop a plan and zoning for the property. The idea being that a publicly vetted plan will mean that whatever developer purchases the property will already know what constraints they'll be operating under.
Sheckler was non-committal. One point GM suggested was that as the process would currently stand, the developers are taking a risk that whatever plans they have don't get approved by OP or OGB. But if GSA waits for OP's plan, GSA faces the risk that the plan results in a lower bidding price, particularly if OP zones half the property as parkland. GSA doesn't really have an incentive to take that risk. They just want to sell the property and be done with it.
The ANC commissioners expressed some reservations about the idea of selling food out of the front window. They feared the shop eventually turning into a pizza slice restaurant. In the end, the ANC decided to support the request with a (probably unenforceable) condition that the window not be used for any other type of food product.
GM's prediction is that these sort of windows never work out. People would rather just come in to the store. GM hopes the store thrives and drives more foot traffic to upper Book Hill, but it'll be because people like the food, not the convenience of sidewalk service.
Too late now, but apparently the Safeway hosted a beer tasting yesterday. Hopefully they'll do that again in the future (and give us a little more heads up).
Tacklebox will be open in a few months, Hook should take a lot longer.
Yesterday a reader alerted GM to the fact that Einstein's Bagels closed down. GM was expecting this, but not that soon. The building it occupied is owned by Safeway and they plan to tear it down and build a new own (plus another smaller building on the green space between this building and Safeway).
GM went over the initial plans last year. They were pretty tacky and completely out of place in Georgetown. Safeway changed architects and came back with revised designs. The ANC saw that they were on the right course and left the final call to the OGB. Since GM doesn't attend OGB meetings (they're during the work day) he didn't notice that the plans were approved in February.
Canal cat by Byron Peebles.
Safeway is really green apparently.
Carol Joynt ramping up the publicity ahead of her book release on May 10th, check it out.
Rose Park Farmers Market returns today!
This week in celebration of the Georgetown Metropolitan's second anniversary, GM is counting down the five most popular articles from last year.
Today GM looks at the single most popular | 862 |
AI, Machine Learning, Data Science are a few great things that have happened to digital marketing. Though these technologies are at their nascent stage, they have already left a huge impact on marketing. With AI, it has made it much easier for brands & digital marketing services providers to offer personalized services and user experience to their customers. Through AI technology, a brand can easily study consumer behavior through their past activities and predict their next move. Given the huge potential, AI has, over 61 % of companies have already implemented the technology. The figure would only rise further within a few years.
When it comes to marketing, influencers always play a crucial role in boosting a brand's awareness. Alike in tradition marketing, influencers play<|fim_middle|> are at responding to consumers, its popularity and usage are increasing. Moreover, technological advancements have made them more human-like so that they can offer users a personalized experience. | an important role to attract the targeted audience in digital marketing as well. Social media platforms have made it easier for people to network and create a community of their own. They have at the same time made influencer marketing more evolved and dynamic. Now you do not necessarily need to pitch hot-shot celebrity to endorse your brand or products. Bloggers, VC bloggers, Instagrammers can do that for you. Since these are people amongst the people, others find it easier to connect to them. We all know how reviews, consumer feedback, and UX affect user choice. In such a scenario, it makes sense to ask common people who have a good influence on their followers to endorse the brand.
AI and Machine learning have left a huge impact on digital marketing. In today's age and time, customer experience plays a critical role in building a brand's reputation. AI has helped the brand in offering their consumers higher user experience through Chatbots. Although the technology is around for only 2 years, it is to grow bigger and better. Chatbots are AI-enabled technology that is capable of conversing with customers and resolve their queries without human intervention. They are programmed to initiate real-time conversation with customers over various social media platforms and messaging apps. Given how accurate, instant and apt they | 254 |
We are currently looking for experienced full-time Millwrights or Mechanics to join our team at our EVRAZ facility in Camrose, Alberta. The successful individuals should be able to repair, troubleshoot and install machinery and equipment using different tools and/or equipment. The ability to read repair documents, manuals, blue<|fim_middle|>ets, hoists, both electric and manual; jackhammer; cutting torches; welding equip. | prints and schematic drawings to determine work procedures is required. The ideal candidates should also be able to track work maintenance and repair using our maintenance management system.
This is a Monday-Friday, 8 hours, rotating shifts, position with possible daily and weekend overtime. If you are looking for a challenging career with opportunity to expand your skills we want to talk to you!
Tracks work/back-up roll bearing maintenance and repair using our maintenance management system.
Experience using all sizes of air impact and electric wrenches, all pipe fitting tools and equipment; i.e. sockets and ratch | 114 |
Western Star Trucks' Show n Shine yesterday was a huge success with a range of gleaming Stars displayed by proud owners.
Held at the Toowoomba Showgrounds with support from recently‐announced Penske Commercial Vehicles' selling dealer, Pengelly Truck and Trailers, the trucks on display<|fim_middle|> activities. | were judged across various categories with the 'Truck of the Show' award presented to North Queensland Truck and Machinery Movements' 'Phatcat' 4800.
The second annual Show n Shine hosted by Penske Commercial Vehicles featured a range of fun activities for all including appearances by Shell V‐Power Racing drivers Fabian Coulthard and Scott McLaughlin, and music performances by Mick Lindsay and Troy Cassar‐Daley.
"Our second Western Star Trucks Show n Shine was a fantastic success," said Kevin Dennis, managing director of Penske Commercial Vehicles.
"There was a hugely impressive array of trucks on display for all the attendees to see – from the 2800 through to the 6900.
"It was great to give customers the opportunity to meet each other and chat about their much-loved Stars.
"The Shell V‐Power Racing drivers were also a huge hit with the more than 500 attendees, as were musicians Troy Cassar‐Daley and Mick Lindsay who put on a rocking show to end the fabulous day!
"Despite the weather dampening the afternoon's activities, we were pleased to see the sun reappear prior to the concert!
"While we work to reach our customers through various channels, the Show n Shine is a tangible outcome of the commitment we made to increase our direct‐to‐customer | 272 |
Harrogate honours Army community
THE Service community played a starring role as Harrogate Town Football Club marked its admiration for the Army during a recent league encounter.
Military personnel and their families from Dishforth Garrison were joined by more than 150 junior soldiers from the Army Foundation College for Town's Vanarama National North Division match against Boston United.
Prior to kick-off, the visitors – who were among a crowd of 1,400<|fim_middle|> and getting closer to Servicemen and women forms part of that work.
First steps to childcare
Pre-school page turner
Postbag: In praise of Army welfare
TV stars kick off festive celebrations | – got to explore a variety of Army stands, get hands-on with an armoured truck and enjoy a spectacular on-pitch Gurkha tribal dance.
And after the match, which finished 3-1 to Harrogate, Lt Col Richard Hall collected a £150 cheque on behalf of the Army Families Federation following a half-time collection from the club's corporate guests.
AFF Chief Executive Sara Baade said: "I'd like to thank Harrogate Town for the generous donation collected in aid of AFF.
"The work AFF does in support of Army families is ongoing and, as a charity, any donations received help us to ensure we are helping families in the best way we can."
Harrogate Town AFC has been building its links with the local community over the last four years | 156 |
Today, more than ever before, growers need quick access to valuable information that can help them improve yields, reduce inputs and save money. Now, with Rain Bird Agriculture's new entry-level ClimateMinder soil moisture monitoring system, growers can view their fields' soil moisture data from any internet-enabled device.
Ideal for row crops, permanent crops or fruits and vegetables, the ClimateMinder system includes a cellular monitoring station, a pressure switch and an intuitive website to access field data from anywhere. Growers can choose either a 16-inch probe with four soil moisture measurement depths or a 32-inch probe with six soil moisture measurement depths. Appropriate probe selection is based on crop type.
Growers can view soil moisture<|fim_middle|> and ClimateMinder ESP-LX controllers as a part of Rain Bird's complete family of agricultural technology products. These products are sold through a network of authorized Rain Bird ClimateMinder resellers.
For more information on the ClimateMinder soil moisture monitoring system or any of Rain Bird's other irrigation solutions for the agriculture industry, visit www.rainbird.com/ag. | information at ClimateMinder.com as well as receive daily reports with the most current field data via email each morning. They can also easily provide other team members and advisors with access to ClimateMinder data so that those individuals can make critical irrigation choices as needed.
The ClimateMinder entry-level soil moisture monitoring system joins the highly successful ClimateMinder Professional Monitoring | 71 |
Bologna is about to become the capital of the Environment with #All4TheGreen: over 70 events will be open to the public from June 5 to 12. This series of activities will pave the way to the Environment Ministerial Meeting, scheduled for June 11-12. The entire city -- institutions, universities and businesses -- will be involved over the week, in events dedicated to the protection of the environment, to sustainable development and to the circular economy.
At the official presentation of the event, the Italian Minister of the Environment Gian Luca Galletti<|fim_middle|> companies, environmental organizations and universities. All of these and more chose to join #All4TheGreen for a common purpose: the protection of the environment can also leverage new economic growth."
#ALL4THEGREEN includes various activities and projects, and is supported by the World Bank's global partnership program Connect4Climate, with the support of the Ministry of the Environment and under the auspices of the Italian G7 Presidency. | , announced: "The G7 Environment Ministerial Meeting will address many important issues and consider the next steps to be taken. What must be clear is that the decision-making process involves everyone: institutions and large | 41 |
How to keep your lovely 'real' Christmas Tree in tip top condition for all of the Christmas festivities.
Buy a freshly cut tree. A tree that has been freshly cut will last far longer than one that has been cut and stored for weeks and transported long distances to large retail outlets. At Morris's all our real trees are locally grown and freshly cut. When you get your tree home, use a handsaw to cut a small section (about 1-2 inches) off the base of the trunk so the tree can take up water more easily. Use a straight cut across the base of the tree rather than an angled or V shaped cut.
Choose a place for your tree to stand away from direct sources of heat which will dry out the needles. Try to avoid placing it in a position where it may get knocked over. If you intend using lights choose somewhere near a power outlet to avoid trailing cables across the floor.
Your tree needs to stand in water. Either in a bucket, using bricks placed around the trunk and base to support the tree in the bucket, or you can buy a special Christmas Tree Stand with a water reservoir in the bottom. You will need to top up water levels regularly - take care to avoid light cables when you do this. Never let the base of the tree dry out. A well watered tree will shed fewer needles.
Many people buy potted trees with the idea of planting them in the garden after Christmas.
Container grown or potted trees tend to be a lot smaller than cut trees usually between 2.5 - 4ft<|fim_middle|> of planting it out in the garden or re-potting it into a larger pot. If you intend using it for another Christmas you will need to make sure you look after the tree and don't let the roots dry out. | tall.
A lot of the care will be the same as with cut trees. You need to choose a cool place for it to stand away from direct sources of heat and ensure the soil around the tree is kept moist at all times.
After Christmas place the tree outside in its pot. You then have the option | 62 |
The Northern Virginia Urban League Young Professionals Network (YPN) was founded in 1999 as a chapter of the National Urban League Young Professionals (NULYP). George Lambert, then President and CEO of the Northern Virginia Urban League (NOVAUL), approached several young professionals working for NOVAUL to establish a chapter in order to connect area young adults to the Urban League movement. Answering the call to leadership, Michael Diggins, Paula Fisher, Marvin Reese, Alicia Smith, Danyelle Taylor and Kevin Taylor came together as the founders of YPN and quickly set out to establish a vision for the organization.
"Our purpose and vision was to get more young professionals involved in the Urban League's mission and service to the community as well as to be a connection point for their development and growth, " said co-founder Alicia Smith.
That year, the founding YPN members worked to gain a solid understanding of the history of the Urban League movement, established an organizational structure with by-laws and consulted other successful Young Professionals chapters, including the Greater Washington, DC Urban League's Thursday Network. In September 1999, over 60 people attended YPN's first general body meeting, which focused on informing attendees about NOVAUL and the National Urban League.
Over time, YPN's membership grew, and the organization began partnering with organizations like Carpenter's Shelter, Habitat for Humanity and Alexandria Re-Build. In 2004, YPN started its first signature program, College Survival 101, a daylong college preparation program for high school juniors and seniors. During that time, NOVAUL board chair Kenneth Bynum saw the need to recognize the achievements of minority college-bound high school students.
After discussing the idea with then<|fim_middle|>PN president Danyelle Taylor, the idea grew into a program that would not only acknowledge college-bound students, but also prepare them for the academic, social and financial realities of college life. With the success of its first year, College Survival 101 continues to be one of YPN's most successful signature programs today. In the 11 years since its founding, YPN has grown its membership and expanded its outreach to include over 100 members, countless volunteers and dozens of community partners to promote community empowerment, professional development and overall community building among Northern Virginia residents. | Y | 1 |
World Tour images by Carrington Weems
Looking into Mirror Lake - Yosemite National Park, California [Image 331 of 338]
Weems, Carrington (photographer). "Looking into Mirror Lake - Yosemite National Park, California." (1909) Rice University: https://hdl.handle.net/19<|fim_middle|>rc03275.jpg
World Tour images by Carrington Weems [347] | 11/69751.
dc.description.abstract
In 1908, the Rice Institute Board of Trustees sent their newly chosen President, Edgar Odell Lovett, on a world tour seeking out the best aspects of the leading colleges and universities. Dr. and Mrs. Lovett traveled in the company of their secretary, Mr. Carrington Weems, who took these photos to document their travels. They are images of places, more so than people. Dr. and Mrs. Lovett themselves are generally not featured. Each image has an image number that reflects the order in which it was taken on the trip, from number 1 (beginning in Canada and going east around the world) through number 338 (returning to the U.S. through California and ending in Texas), ranging in date from 1908-1909. The names of each image were recorded by Carrington Weems, with the only exception being a county name added in parenthesis when the place name was not present in Weems' original title.
dc.relation.IsPartOf
This image forms part of the Lovett Family papers, 1849-1979, http://library.rice.edu/collections/WRC/finding-aids/manuscripts/0494
dc.rights
This material is in the public domain and may be freely used.
dc.subject
dc.subject.lcsh
Lovett, Edgar Odell, 1871-1957--Travel
William M. Rice Institute--Travel
Lovett World Tour (1908-1909)
Yosemite National Park (Calif.)
Mirror Lake (Mariposa County, Calif.)
Lakes--California
Mountains--California
Forests and forestry--California
National parks and reserves--California
Lovett, Mary Ellen--Travel
William M. Rice Institute--Presidents
William M. Rice Institute--History
Weems, Carrington
Looking into Mirror Lake - Yosemite National Park, California
dc.digitization.specifications
Images were captured from the original 3.25" x 4.25" black and white negatives at 100% scale using the Epson Expression 10000XL flatbed scanner and Epson Scan software. Master Tiff images were scanned at 8-bit greyscale, 1200 ppi. Derivative files are JPG & JPEG2000.
dc.date.digital
dc.source.collection
Lovett Family papers, 1849-1979, MS 494, Box 39, Woodson Research Center, Fondren Library, Rice University
dc.identifier.digital
wrc03275
dc.title.subtitle
dc.contributor.photographer
dc.type.genre
dcterms.accessRights
local.title.orderDisplay
w | 600 |
Wir gehen hier der Frage nach, warum die Erhöhung des Anteils an regenerativen Energien am Energiemix für Deutschland und das Saarland entweder die Stabilität der Stromversorgung oder/und die Unabhängigkeit Deutschlands bei der Energieversorgung untergräbt, es erpressbar machen kann.
Wenn das Saarland einerseits seinen Anteil an fossilen Energieträgern erhöhen will, und wegen des Einstellung des Steinkohleabbaus diese auch noch importieren muß, und andererseits wegen der natürlichen klimatischen Schwankungen und wetterbedingten "Kapriolen", welche Sonnen – und Windenergie sehr unregelmäßig, teilweise unter starken Schwankungen (starke Schwankungen in der Intensität – mögliche Rückkopplungseffekte in kaskadierend (fein)regulierten Rückhalte- und Abstimm(strom)netzen durch z.B. LESSY), auch in der Einlastung anfällt, dann brauchen wir nicht nur mehr Stromspeicher, sondern auch größere Bereitstellungskapazitäten um die 50 Hz im Stromnetz und die Nachfrage(schwankungen) einhalten respektive ausgleichen zu können, was wiederum in einem starken Gegensatz zum Konzept des Energy only Market steht.
Ein weiteres Problem für die Energieversorgung Deutschlands wird ab ca. 2019 akut, wenn die Bundesregierung die Braunkohle Kraftwerke stilllegen lässt. Nach dem Ausstieg aus der Kernspaltung (AKWs, NPP), wird die stetige Erhöhung des Anteils an regenerativen Energien am Energiemix Deutschlands, insbesondere was den Anteil an Wind- und Sonnenenergie angeht, unser Land in eine Schieflage bringen, was es zudem erpressbar machen wird, da Strom Kontingente zeitweise importiert werden müssen, und Phänomene wie LAI Coupling eine stabile Strompreisfindung an der EEX unterlaufen werden.
Dies kann kaum durch andere Energieträger wie Gas – Wärme oder Kraft – Wärme Kopplung, Bioöle oder ähnliches ausgeglichen werden, auch bei kontinuierlichem Ausbau der Infrastruktur über "Ausgleichsnetze, technisch wie auch immer (z.B. LESSY).
In Deutschland wird es bei den zu erwartenden, auch vom geoklimatischen Standpunkt aus gesehenen, sowohl Wetter- als auch klimatisch bedingten starken Schwankungen, auch Intra-Day, insbesondere jedoch im Winter, zu starken Lastspitzen und –tiefen (Intensität) kommen.
Dazu zählen ebenfalls Schwankungen durch chaostheoretisch begründbare Phänomene wie El Nino und La Nina, welche keine sichere Prognose zulassen. Diese sind zudem für deren Einfluss auch auf kurzfristig bedingte klimatische Schwankungen bekannt.
We construct directed and weighted climate networks based on near surface air temperature to investigate the global impacts of El Nino and La Nina. We find that regions which are characterized by higher positive or negative network in weighted links, are exhibiting stronger correlations with the El Nino basin and are warmer or cooler during El Nino or La Nina periods. These stronger in-weighted activities are found to be concentrated in localized areas, as compared to non-El Nino periods, whereas a large fraction of the globe is not influenced by the events. The regions of localized activity vary from one El Nino (La Nina) event to another; still some El Nino (La Nina) events are more similar to each other. We quantify this similarity using network community structure. The results and methodology reported here may be used to improve the understanding and prediction of El Nino or La Nina events and also may be applied in the investigation of other climate variables.
Zitat:" The El Ni˜no phenomenon strongly impacts the local climate and also remote regions including North America , Australia [28, 29], Europe , the South China Sea, the Indian Ocean, and the tropical North Atlantic . It can lead to warming, enhanced rain in some regions and droughts in other regions, decline in fishery, famine, plagues, political and social unrest, and economic changes. El Ni˜no is a coupled ocean-atmosphere phenomenon which has been linked to internal oceanic Kelvin and Rossby tropical wave activity and to the wind activity above the equatorial Pacific Ocean. There are several indices that quantify the El Ni˜no activity, including the Ni˜no 3.4 index and the Oceanic Ni˜no Index (ONI), which is NOAA's primary indicator for monitoring El Ni˜no and La Ni˜na. ONI is the running three-month mean sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly for the Ni˜no 3.4 region (i.e., 5?N − 5 ?S, 120? − 170?W); here we refer to this region as the El Ni˜no Basin (ENB). When the ONI exceeds 0.5 ?C for at least five consecutive months, the corresponding year is considered to be an El Ni˜no year. The higher the ONI is, the stronger the El Ni˜no. Similarly La Ni˜na is determined to occur when the ONI drops below the −0.5 ?C anomaly for at least five consecutive months. Presently, we have just undergone one of the strongest El Ni˜no events since 1948.
Chancen sehe ich im Ausbau der Infrastruktur zu Süddeutschland, insbesondere zunächst Baden-Württemberg, sowohl was die Transportsituation der (fossilen) Brennstoffe als auch die (Energie)Infrastruktur angeht, vorausgesetzt, man intensiviert die Beziehungen zu seinen Nachbarstaaten im Saarland, Frankreich und die BeNeLux Staaten.
LAI Coupling: a process of charge exchange between lithosphere, atmosphere and ionosphere as described by hundreds of scientific studies and already part of USGS and NOAA's 2008 training seminars for seismic experts on remote sensing via satellites.
Quote: "A tantalizing question for seismologists and atmospheric scientists is whether this high-altitude electron bump, if confirmed by other studies, is a true early-warning signal for devastating earthquakes. Geophysicist Kosuke Heki of Hokkaido University in Sapporo, Japan, who reports the suggestive buildups in a new scientific paper, thinks that it could be.
"The claim that earthquakes are inherently unpredictable might not be true, at least for M9 [magnitude 9] class earthquakes," Heki writes in an article accepted for publication in Geophysical Research Letters, a journal of the American Geophysical Union.
The study suggests that the total electron content, or TEC, in the ionosphere starts increasing as much as eight percent above background levels prior to massive earthquakes, with the biggest effect above the rupturing fault.
The electron buildup before the Japan earthquake started 40 minutes before disaster struck.
The time involved in retrieving and analyzing the TEC data would make it difficult to use the information as a potential earthquake warning, the researcher says. For some scientists, even the notion of an earthquake precursor is controversial. Another earthquake expert, not involved in the study, said the data is interesting and should be studied in the future, but he is not completely convinced that change in TEC is an earthquake precursor.
Days after the devastating magnitude 9.0 Tohoku-Oki earthquake struck Japan, Heki downloaded data from satellites that are part of the GPS Earth Observation Network. He was interested in oscillations of the TEC when acoustic waves echo from the epicenter into the ionosphere.
Nach den Ereignissen in Fukushima durch das Tohoku M9 Erdbeben brachen die Preise an den Strombörsen ein. Dieses Szenario kann sich in mittelbarer Zukunft bei weiterer Zunahme der Anzahl der AKWs weltweit wiederholen, unabhängig davon ob dies Leichtwasser Reaktoren oder Thorium/Molten Salt Reaktoren sein werden, nuclear Fission bleibt Fission und nicht Fusion.
Deswegen auch hier noch weitere erste Informationen, weitere werden folgen, auch technischer Art.
Wenn die Braunkohlekraftwerke (2019) abgeschaltet werden wird Deutschland erpressbar!
A sinkhole spanning 45 feet in diameter opened at a Mosaic Co phosphate fertilizer facility in Florida, leaking 215 million gallons of "slightly radioactive water," a company spokesman said on Friday. Mosaic said the monitoring system at its New Wales facility at Mulberry, Fla., showed a decline in water levels on Aug. 27 from the retention pond of a phosphogypsum stack, a hill of hazardous waste. Phosphogypsum is a radioactive byproduct resulting from the production of phosphate. The Plymouth, Minn.-based company immediately reported the incident to state and federal environmental authorities, Mosaic spokesman Ben Pratt said on Friday. But it did not otherwise report it publicly until posting information on its website on Thursday. The leaked water is enough to fill more than 300 Olympic swimming pools. The nearly three-week gap between detecting the sinkhole and reporting it to the public is alarming, said Jacki Lopez, Florida director of the Center for Biological Diversity. "It's hard to trust them when they say 'Don't worry,' when they've been keeping it secret for three weeks," she said. The sinkhole, located about 30 miles from Tampa, damaged the liner system at the base of the stack, causing the pond on top to drain. Seepage continued and the sinkhole reached Florida's aquifer, Mosaic said on its website. Specific environmental and health concerns are the release of uranium, radium and radon gas, Lopez said. Once contaminants reach the aquifer, which extends from central Florida to Georgia, they can potentially travel hundreds of miles, she said. "We don't know what the long-term effects will be," Lopez said. "If I were living in this area, and I had well water, I would be worried about my health." Mosaic said it had increased monitoring and sampling of groundwater and found no offsite impact. It also said it pumped water out of the affected pond to reduce the volume of leakage. The company said it is attempting to recover the water through production wells on site. The incident has not interrupted operations at the facility.
MP Andriy Artemenko (Radical Party) has said that on July 16 a serious accident with leakage of nuclear fuel was recorded at Khmelnytsky nuclear power plant (NPP), while the press service of National Nuclear Generating Company Energoatom denied the information. "I learnt from reliable sources that the government is hiding the seriousness of the accident occurred on July 16 at reactor one of Khmelnytsky NPP with the depressurization of the reactor primary circuit and leakage of radioactive coolant to the nuclear steam generator. In addition, nuclear fuel leaked, which is a critical situation," he wrote on his Facebook page. He said that on Monday a meeting with participation of Deputy Prime Minister Volodymyr Kistion and Energy and Coal Industry Minister Ihor Nasalyk was held on Monday to discuss the issue and one more government meeting is scheduled for Thursday. The press service of Energoatom told Interfax-Ukraine that information of Artemenko is not true. He took it from unknown and unverified sources and misinformed citizens, they said. "On July 16, reactor one of Khmelnytsky NPP was disconnected from power grid as there was leakage at nuclear steam generator one, and Energoatom informed about it quickly on its website. This is not leakage of nuclear fuel… Radiation level on the industrial site and adjacent areas have not changed. It is normal for exploitation of reactors," the press service said. Energoatom is the operator of all four Ukrainian-based operating nuclear power plants, which have 15 VVER reactors with an overall generating capacity of 13.835 gigawatts.
Environment Pollution in Japan on October 07 2016 07:23 AM (UTC).
Highly radioactive water has leaked from a waste water tank at Japan's Fukushima nuclear plant, five years after the plant was crippled by an earthquake and tsunami. A total of 32 litres of toxic water had likely leaked from a seam of the tank at Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station, broadcaster NHK reported, citing the operator Tokyo Electric Power. The toxic water had mixed with rainwater on the ground and remained around the tank, the report said. Workers were moving waste water from the tank to another to lower the water level and stop the leak. Since the March 2011 disaster, when the plant suffered meltdowns at three of its six reactors, the operator has been injecting water into the reactors to keep them cool and more than 1,000 storage tanks have been built to contain the radiation-contaminated water. But leaks have been a continuous problem, with some of the highly toxic water even in the past flowing into the Pacific Ocean. In 2013, Prime Minister Shinzo Abe helped Tokyo win its bid to host the 2020 Olympics by declaring that the situation at the nuclear plant was under control.
Die Annahme von 1% Abregelleistung ist nicht nur falsch, sondern klammert die eigentliche Problematik (Intensitätsabweichungen Wind/Sonne) aus: wir müssen die impliziten Ceteris Paribus Annahmen der Prognosemodelle überprüfen, da aufgrund dieser Erkenntnisse, eher noch als auf Basis von reinen Daten bzw. der Annahme faktischen Wissens, sich quasi selbst skalierende Abweichungen, sowohl geophysikalischer als auch finanziell-wirtschaftlicher (zB EEX Preis Schock durch NPP Vorfall, LAIC Prozess, Weltraumwetter) Art ergeben können.
Von der EEX (Leipziger Strombörse) habe ich noch gar nicht gesprochen.
….kann sich noch jemand an die vollmundigen Statements von Solarworld und anderen aus der Solarzellenbranche von damals erinnern?
Was sind die Gründe dafür, daß es außer den bisher bekannten und genutzten Energieträgern kaum Alternativen gibt, um den zu erwartenden "Gap" bis Dinge wie Kernfusion oder andere neue Energieträgertechnologien zur Verfügung stehen?
Einer der Hauptgründe ist eine politische Steuerung sowie das Bildungssystem in Verbindung mit einem westlichen Wertesystem.
….Erste Frage: wie kommt denn der "Strom" in die Batterie hinein?
Um konkrete Lösungsvorschläge für die zukünftige Energieversorgung Deutschlands – mittelfristig, mit einem Zeitfenster von ca. 5 -10 Jahren – machen zu können, muß man zunächst mehr ins Detail gehen, und zwar am besten nach einer Ist Aufnahme unter Einbezug der bisherigen Planungsdaten, und für jeden Bereich der Infrastruktur bzw. Technologie, einzeln und in der Wirkungsbeurteilung im Zusammenspiel, letzteres ist dabei entscheidend, denke ich.
Neben Effizienzgraden sind dabei auch Verlustzonen ins Kalkül einzubeziehen – Endo- und Exotherme Prozesse – wenn bspw. erst durch Elektrolyse der Ausgangsstoff exotherm hergestellt werden müsste, dann kann dies die Gesamteffizienz beeinträchtigen, auch wenn man dazu wiederum die Sonne bemüht, ebenso wie der Grad der Realverfügbarkeit<|fim_middle|>um kein Hologramm ist, doch wesentlicher ist die Frage wie die beschleunigte scheinbare Ausdehnung des Universum mit lokalen Kontraktionen gleichzeitig zu deuten ist?
die Interpretation des Unendlichkeitsbezuges der physikalischen Null.
Was sich Ausdehnt ist schon wegen der Frage der Existenz des Quantenvakuums als solches nicht das Universum selber, das Verhältnis der Imaginären Raum – Photon Grenze wird mediiert. Man kann das Quantenvakuum wie einer perfekte Flüssigkeit betrachten (Superfluid in Navier Stokes), sodass sich eine Dimension zu einer Durchlässigkeit für Virtual Particle States (Granularity) in einer geometrisch fraktalen Planckschen Dichtematrix beschreiben läßt: die String Vacua über Yang Mills AdS5 Phase Space (AdS/CFT zu einer Black Hole to Particle State Interpretation, welche negative Masse beinhaltet, weniger Felder als deren photonische Mediierung): Anwendungen ergeben sich aus der Vorstufe über Condensed Matter Physics: Phase Transitions (states of matter) und die adiabatische Abnahme der Thermodynamik und der Quanten Gatter und der Preexsistent BH States (Quantum Annealing Computing / Energy Engineering).
The universe is not discrete, space-time is uncountable – a dimension is about a fractal photonic mediation by the granularity of the quantum vacuum: a Planck'ian density matrix.
Scale invariance and shape dynamics for gravity are more appropriate Ansätze (approach) for a quasi Faster Than Light induced world view. Is Spacetime Countable?
Wenn es keine 3D gibt, wie kann dann die Distanz sich im Zeitablauf messen lassen (Geschwindigkeit = Strecke im Verhältnis zur benötigen Zeit)? Keine 3D, keine Zeit, in Einstein's General Theory of Relativity (GTR) fällt auf dass eine Lorentz Invariante keine Globale ist, was ist denn dann der inertial reference frame (Special Theory of Relativity) im Vergleich um freely falling reference frame (GTR)? Eine wichtige Frage hierbei ist, ob es überhaupt Transport "durch" den Raum geben kann?
Was ist Chaos, ist das chaotisch? Warum sind Sonnenaktivitäten nicht konstant, man hat mindestens 2 längerfristige Zyklen anhand von alten Bäumen, der Maserung in einer Stradivari oder Bohrproben aus der Arktis identifizieren können, durch letztere Methode übrigens auch den tatsächlichen Grund für das Aussterben das Maya, nämlich kein Regen mehr im Regenwald – oder glaubt noch jemand, dass die Kultur der Nasca Hochebene Zeichen an Außerirdische senden wollte?
Dies waren Signale an deren Götter, die es haben regnen lassen sollen – siehe auch Fruchtbarkeitsrituale. Nun, wir haben dann einen Sonnenzyklus von ca. 300 Jahren, einen von ca. 11 Jahren und wer weiß wie viele noch, doch können selbst die ewig konstant sein? Und wir haben noch kaum das solare System verlassen … man findet auf der Erde in z.B. Gamma Rays durch Thunderstorms (TGF, Terrestrial Gamma Ray Flashes) (Gewitter) oder in der Ionosphäre Antimaterie!
Sollte Antimaterie nicht mit ihrem Antipartner annihilieren? Warum tut sie das nicht, warum findet man Sprites in unserer Ionosphäre? Sprites und Kobolde in Oberleitungen die nur mit Zepto Second Quantenkameras beobachtbar sind? Was glaubt der Mensch noch alles zu wissen, was ist das unobservable Universe? Können wir von unserer Beobachtung auf etwas schließen, und wenn ja was, oder wie hat man das zu interpretieren, für eine bestimmte Fragestellung?
Woher wohl kommen alle diese anthropozentrischen Theorien? Wie entsteht eine Rogue Wave (Monster Welle)? Hat schon mal jemand das Eis unterhalb des Meeresspiegels beobachtet, hat das auch abgenommen? Der Sommer von 1540 war extrem heiß, brachte einen verzuckerten, fast verharzten Wein an den Tag, ganze Flüsse in Westeuropa waren ausgetrocknet.
Die Erde war vor ca. 100.000 Jahren in einer Eiszeit, alles war eisbedeckt, wie wurde das Eis getaut? Bei einem Vulkanausbruch können gewaltige Mengen an CO2 (Kohlendioxid) oder Methan in die Atmosphäre gepumpt werden. Das können so viele Millionen Tonnen sein, da bräuchte die Menschheit eine halbe Ewigkeit für. Zum Glück braucht es noch lange, bis der Yellowstone ausbricht ….
Was ist LAI Coupling? Wer hatte nach Chernobyl am meisten gelogen? Nicht die Russen, nein die Franzosen! Vor allem über die Winde welche radioaktives Material nach Westeuropa brachten. Gewarnt wurde Gorbatschow von den Schweden, die Anzahl der Toten wird bis 2050 auf ca. 50 Millionen geschätzt, auch und vor allem durch Krebs …..
Über Osteuropa findet man manchmal Radon Vorkommen, das kann bei den Mengen keine Fabrik im Kosovo gewesen sein, wie man uns glauben machen will, wahrscheinlicher ist ein Test einer neuen Mittelstreckenrakete durch Russland. Die USA wollten noch in den 60ern eine Art Panama Kanal durch Südamerika mit Hilfe von Nuklearwaffen sprengen — der Fallout kommt übrigens von der aufgewühlten Erde, Druck und Temperatur, weniger aus der Bombe selber.
Die Zündung des Projekts Castle Bravo sollte 5 Megatonnen Energie freisetzen, entsprechend waren die Sicherheitsvorkehrungen ausgelegt (Im Beobachtungsbunker und dem Schiff), doch nach der Zündung fing die Besatzung des Schiffes an, sich voneinander zu verabschieden, für immer! Was war passiert? Man muss sich diese dramatischen Szenen mal vorstellen – dass sie es überlebten, wenn manche wohl nicht für allzu lange, verdankten sie dem puren Glück, nicht jedoch ihren Mathematikern: die übersahen einen Cross Section Effekt, Lithium 7 -> Lithium 6 und schon wurden aus 5MT ganze 3x so viel, nämlich 15 MT! Ein tödlicher Irrtum!
Die Vermutung daß Hinkley Point C wegen mangelnder Wirtschaftlichkeit (Operation in der finanziellen Verlustzone droht) vor allem zur Erzeugung von kernwaffenfähigem Material dienen wird, kann damit bestätigt werden: die (französische) Atomindustrie ist weltweit aktiv.
Die friedliche Nutzung der Kernspaltung war oft nur ein Vorwand, ähnlich wie bei Israel, die wohl im Yom Kippur Krieg schon eine H-Waffe besaßen, und der Einsatz war schon fast perfekt.
Die Frage die man sich darüber hinaus stellen sollte, und ich habe hier das meiste noch ausgeklammert, das sind Dinge die so manch einer schon gar nicht mehr wissen möchte, ist, was denn die Ziele de IPCC, des Big Energy Konsortiums, der UNO oder bspw. der Bill und Melinda Gates Stiftung denn sein könnten?
Für die LAI Kopplung ist das Verständnis der Magnetic Resonance in der Atmosphäre bedeutend (TEC – > Total Electron Content): Neutronen im AKW Fukushima können nicht mehr moderiert bzw. abgebremst werden, – > GAU) – das ionosphärische Epizentrum existierte schon (zeitlich) VOR dem M9 Tohoku Erdbeben – sowie Nuclear Magnetic Reconnection innerhalb der Solar Flares bzw. oberhalb der Sun Spots auf der Sonnenoberfläche – > CME (Coronal Mass Ejection (Koronaler Massenauswurf) über Spin Zustände in Bezug zu Pauli's Ausschlußprinzip, siehe auch Ferromagnetismus und Chandrasekhar Limit, wie im Kleinen, so im Großen.
Exciton States, sowie deren mögliche Bedeutung für die zukünftige Energiewirtschaft: Exciton States (Exziton), dies sind Quasiteilchen, sie "vermitteln" über z.B. Spin – Spin oder Spin – Bahn (–> angular momentum, Pauli) Kopplung Ladungen, über z.B. den bekannten Elektronenlöchern oder -Überschüssen (Donator/Akzeptor) in einem Kristallgitter – Excitons sind dabei quasi FTL (Faster Than Light), der bessere Ausdruck ist jedoch dass sie durch ihre adiabatische Wirkungsweise unmittelbar vermitteln, ohne Zeitverlust – siehe auch Majorana oder Weyl States, Phonon, Magnon usw.
What is a Quantum Fluid of Light?
Diese Theorie über Black Hole States wird eine mögliche Anwendung in Bezug zu z.B. QCD (Gluonen -> Quarks) aufzeigen. | im Vergleich zum Momentanverbrauch – geothermische Speicherung bzw. die Nutzung von Höhenpotentialen bedeuten immer Verlust – und die Landschaft bzw. die Natur leidet auch unter solchen Anlagen.
Man kann Energie nicht erzeugen oder gewinnen, es findet immer ein Austauschprozess zwischen Energie und Materie statt, eine Form der Umwandlung, scheinbar, doch sind wir da so sicher?
Betrachtet man Atome der Ordinary (White) Matter, so können wir feststellen, dass diese nicht sehr "dicht" (nicht im physikalischen Sinne, ich bediene mich zur besseren Erläuterung einer umgangssprachlichen Ausdrucksweise) gepackt sind, sondern sehr viel Raum sich zwischen dem Atomkern und der Elektronenhülle (nuclear shell) befindet. Was ist dann der Unterschied zwischen diesem Raum und dem Quantenvakuum?
Das ist die erste entscheidende Frage. Ich lasse die Antwort mal offen.
Wenn der Mensch als Observer das Universum betrachtet, so interpretiert er seine Beobachtungen oder Experimente. Ich benenne jetzt um es abzukürzen einige Erkenntnisse, ohne sie explizit herzuleiten: Man kann das Quantenvakuum betrachten wie eine perfekte Flüssigkeit. Wir beobachten Änderungen in der Dichte (Planck Dichte, ~Verhalten) des relativistischen Quantenvakuums zwischen Aphelion und Perihelion Phasen (Entfernung der Erde zur Sonne wegen leicht elliptischer Umlaufbahn).
Die Radiation Decay Rates (radioaktive Zerfallsraten (-> Halbwertszeit, -> z.B. C14 (Kohlenstoff 14) Methode) ändern sich ebenfalls, hier spielt auch die Oszillation von Neutrinos eine Rolle, d.h. die Radiation Decay Rates sind nicht konstant! Ebenso wenig konstant ist die Feinstrukturkonstante Alpha, die sich damit durch "Bewegung" im Raum ändert, eben mit der Dichte des "Raumes". Alpha hat einen engen Bezug zum Wasserstoffatom.
There is a violation of the Einstein's Equivalence Principle (WEP (Weak Equivalence Principle) and Strong EP): when you quantize space-time at Planck Scale, you will detect that there is no time as such but energy scaling: the relativistic Quantum Vacuum can be compared to a perfect fluid (fluid dynamics) – there is an impact of the solar neutrino (- Oscillation-) to radiation decay rates and the fine structure constant Alpha.
This animation shows the unique triple-star system with a superdense neutron star and two white dwarf stars. The neutron star is a pulsar, emitting lighthouse-like beams of radiation as it spins on its axis. These beams, in blue, are seen sweeping through space as the neutron star rotates. At the start, you see this pulsar and its close companion white dwarf in orbit around their common center of mass. The animation zooms outward, showing this pair also in orbit with a more-distant, cooler white dwarf, and illustrates the motions of these three bodies. The entire system would fit within Earth's orbit around the Sun.
Die Boltzmannkonstante welche z.B. für Freiheitsgrade der Fluktuation eine Rolle spielt: wenn ich mich in einem Raum auf der Erde befinde, dann muss ich nicht ersticken, da sich die Mehrheit der Moleküle recht gleichmäßig verteilt, durch die inverse Entropie im Sinne des Boltzmann Brain, ist die (a posteriori) Wahrscheinlichkeit, dass sich alle Moleküle der "Luft" in einer Ecke der Raumes eng zusammenpressen und ich ersticken müsste extrem gering, so gering dass ich ca. 10 ^ 120 (Erd)Jahre warten musste, bis das 1x mal passiert, a posteriori versteht sich! Eine interessante Frage dazu wäre: ist diese Wahrscheinlichkeit = Null, dass es "jetzt" passiert?
Die Boltzmannkonstante ändert sich auch, ist also nicht konstant, keine Konstante – selbst wenn wir in Hundejahren leben und zählen würden, würden wir es kaum erleben, oder? Oder sind diese Messungen für z.B. 20 Jahre Zeitunterschied nur zu ungenau um es feststellen zu können? (Skalierung, Scaling, Energy Scaling).
Es gibt im Universum, ja noch nicht mal auf der Erde 3 Dimensionen nach Euklidischer Auffassung (Länge – Breite – Höhe), dies sind nur von Menschen eingeführte geometrische Konstrukte welche in der Natur nicht vorkommen (ebenso wenig wie die Kreiszahl Pi) – unser Gehirn bildet sich das ein, ebenso wie unser Gleichgewichtssinn funktioniert und auch austricksbar ist, ganz leicht übrigens durch eine geometrische Fehlreferenz in der "räumlichen" Orientierung.
Das Universum ist zwar kein Hologramm, jedoch ist die Winkelsumme eines rechtwinkligen Dreiecks (rectangular triangle) im Weltall (dies zu demonstrieren war die ursprüngliche Absicht von LISA, der LASER Interferometer Space Antenna, und nicht nur nach Gravitational Waves (LIGO) zu suchen!) größer als 180 Grad.
Do we live in a 2-D hologram?
Planck 2014: The Results That Weren't….
Es soll nicht verschwiegen werden, dass das Univers | 1,233 |
As an alternative to the waste and residual lipids feedstock path, and in order to increase soil resilience towards climate change in Southern EU/MED Countries, BIO4A will develop a dedicated R&D work on soil and sustainable crops such as Camelina, a drought-resistant oil crop.
By adopting a combination of biochar and other soil amendments, the research aims at<|fim_middle|> residual lipids will be implemented. Thermo-chemical pre-treatments such as catalytic pyrolysis and hydrothermal treatment will be investigated. Once developed, these processes will help to standardize the quality of different feedstock with extremely variable characteristics and contamination, thus contributing to a long-term supply of residual lipids for the aviation biofuels industry. | developing a cost-effective long-term strategy to increase the fertility of the soil and its resilience to climate change, while at the same time storing fixed carbon into the soil and producing a low-ILUC biofuel from Camelina.
The approach tested in BIO4A can be potentially replicated in large part of EU MED areas. The amount of marginal land in the EU28 is estimated at 8.5 Mha, therefore, scenarios for potential replication in the EU MED area will be modelled, together with a full life cycle and sustainability analysis.
The characteristics of alternative feedstock from residual lipids used for aviation biofuels can be extremely variable in terms of physical-chemical characteristics and contamination. For this reason, a research and development activity on cost-effective pre-treatments of | 157 |
As if on cue and<|fim_middle|>! | to reinforce my decision to winterize tomorrow, the weather is looking like it will turn cold tonight and into tomorrow. Not that cold, but still dipping below zero for the first time this fall/ winter season. It looks like it may snow too . . . sorta.
So, I do feel better that I am winterizing and thereby not have to worry about my water pump freezing. I may dump for the last time very soon too, who knows, once again, the cold weather is coming and I must adapt what I am doing to handle it.
Ah well, this is the cycle of life and I will keep in mind that every day that I am out here, every payday that I make it to, I am improving my situation. I grumble and I fuss, but I always do what I must. I still have my warm clothes tucked away, so I can wear them and be okay.
Here is hoping that this cold snap is not that bad and doesn't last that long. I still have more writing to do and other things to keep me occupied as I hibernate this winter. I will emerge next spring in a much better position financially with less stress on me, the next time I can use my shower once again.
For my favourite reason of all . . . none . . . here is your sunrise shot.
How Cheap Do You Have To Be?
Doing Better Than I Thought | 282 |
A chief executive officer, or just chief executive, is the most senior corporate, executive, or administrative officer in charge of managing an organization – especially an independent legal entity such as a company or nonprofit institution.
May 20, 2019 2degrees appoints Drew Davies CFO.
Davies will replace Mark Aue, who the company announced as its next chief executive following the August 2018 retirement of Stewart Sherriff.
Feb 26, 2015 NZX50 gets new name as S&P signs up.
NZX chief executive Tim Bennett said the changes would increase the appeal and profile of the local market among domestic and global investors.
Sep 16, 2019 Marsden Point refinery boss Mike Fuge to head Contact Energy.
"The Board are pleased to have appointed a CEO with strong energy sector experience and capability to lead Contact's strategy," Contact Energy chairperson Rob McDonald said.
Feb 4, 2020 Here's Why Tesla Stock Just Surged To A Record $780 Per Share.
CEO Elon Musk is the company's biggest shareholder and Monday's share price gain pushed his net worth to $39.3 billion, Forbes estimates.
Feb 4, 2020 The Gap Between the Haves and Have-Nots of Tech Widens.
"Today's dominant companies have so much power across such a broad array of markets and continue to leverage that power to expand into new markets," said Patrick Spence, chief executive of the speaker maker Sonos, at a congressional antitrust hearing last month in Boulder, Colo.
Feb 3, 2020 Worldline to buy Ingenico for $8.6B in major payments consolidation play.
Worldline said that Ingenico shareholders will receive 11 Worldline shares and €160.5 in cash for every 7 Ingenico shares, working out to a 24 percent premium for Ingenico's average share price over the last month. Pending regulatory and shareholder approvals, the deal is expected to close in Q3 of 2020, with Gilles Grapinet, Worldline's Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, to lead the combined business.
Feb 4, 2020 Disney+ already has 26.5M subscribers.
"We had a strong first quarter, highlighted by the launch of Disney+, which has exceeded even our greatest expectations," said Disney Chairman and CEO Robert Iger in a statement. "Thanks to our incredible collection of brands, outstanding content from our creative engines and state-of-the-art technology, we believe our direct-to-consumer services, including Disney+, ESPN+ and Hulu, position us well for continued growth in today's dynamic media environment."
Feb 4, 2020 Snapchat hits 218M users but big Q4 losses sink share price.
"Throughout the course of 2019, we added 31 million daily active users, largely driven by investments in our core product and improvements to our Android application "said Snapchat CEO Evan Spiegel. "We've recently completed our 2020 strategic planning process and have aligned our teams and resources around our goals of supporting real friendships on Snapchat, expanding our service to a broader global community, investing in our AR and content platforms, and scaling revenue while achieving profitability in order to self-fund our investments in the future."
Mar 26, 2019 Cisco Turns Up the Innovation Dial with Decibel.
You can't be a leader in the technology industry, as Cisco has been for the last 30 years, without constantly evolving and making bold moves. Our CEO, Chuck Robbins, has taken this philosophy to the next level, spurring us to move faster and think differently. Chuck's tenure as CEO has seen us enter a new era of internal innovation at Cisco that is unprecedented in the 19 years I have been at the company. Inspired, we challenged ourselves to think about how we could further harness external innovation in a way that would enhance our robust internal innovation. As one of the most prolific strategic venture capitalists in the world, Cisco already has a view into future technologies shaping our markets through our rich portfolio of companies. But we realized we could do even more by engaging with the startup community earlier in its lifecycle. After all, companies such as AppDynamics and Duo Security, both market defining acquisitions for Cisco, were nearly 10 years old before becoming part of Cisco. How could we put Cisco in a position to play a foundational role in starting the next AppD or Duo?
Feb 4, 2020 Koch Industries acquires Infor in deal pegged at nearly $13B.
Company CEO Kevin Samuelson, as you would expect, saw the deal as a positive move that allowed the company to operate with a well capitalized parent behind it. "As a subsidiary of a $110 billion+ revenue company that re-invests 90% of earnings back into its businesses, we will be in the unique position to drive digital transformation in the markets we serve," he said in a statement.
Mar 1, 2019 Isabella Löwengrip shares her best beauty advice with Vogue. Vogue Australia.
Swedish skincare lovers turned out for Vogue's Löwengrip masterclass on Wednesday, February 27 2019, to celebrate the launch of the Scandinavian brand into Myer stores around Australia and hear advice from Isabella Löwengrip, founder and creative director of Löwengrip, and Pingis Hadenius, founder and CEO of Löwengrip.
Feb 6, 2020 Company-builder Antler passes $75M raised after investment from Schroders and Ferd.
Magnus Grimeland, Antler co-founder and CEO said: "With our support, our founders start refining their ideas and building new and innovative businesses. What is equally important is the deep relationship our founders build with their peers, our advisors and backers. Having accomplished investors like Schroders, Ferd and FinTech Collective on board means we can provide a more valuable network for our startups as they grow their businesses."
Nov 1, 2017 BNZ appoints its first woman to chief executive position.
The Bank of New Zealand is to have a female chief executive for the first time from January.
Nov 14, 2019 BNZ boss Angie Mentis sees pay packet cut by $765k.
Andrew Thorburn, NAB's former chief executive who resigned earlier this year in the wake of fall-out of Australia's Royal Commission, had negative remuneration of A$4.98m.
Feb 24, 2019 The three men and one woman in the running for the top job at NAB.
Ann Sherry was only handed the job of finding National Australia Bank's next chief executive a few days ago, but she's probably already drawn up a shortlist of three men and one woman who are the leading candidates for the top job.
May 27, 2019 ComCom investigates BNZ over CCCFA compliance.
Chief executive Angela Mentis said then that no customers had been overcharged "but we didn't get it 100 percent right."
Jul 4, 2019 Mike Baird pulls out of the race to become NAB's CEO.
Former NSW Premier Mike Baird has ruled himself out of the contest to be the next chief executive of National Australia Bank, as the lender edges closer to picking a new leader.
Feb 5, 2020 Jeff Weiner will step down as CEO of LinkedIn June 1, product head Ryan Roslansky steps up.
There is a major change ahead for LinkedIn, the social network for the working world, now with 675 million members. Jeff Weiner, who has been leading the company as CEO for the past 11 years, is stepping down on June 1, 2020. His new role will be executive chairman. Ryan Roslansky, who is currently head of product, will be stepping up to the role of CEO, while Tomer Cohen, who had been under Roslansky, is stepping up to lead the product team.
Feb 6, 2020 Twitter reports $1.01B in Q4 revenue with 152M monetizable daily active users.
"I see Twitter more as an interest network [rather] than a social network," CEO Jack Dorsey said today during the call, highlighting how that mission has been challenged by a longstanding problem at Twitter: "People come to see what's happening in the world," Dorsey added, but "we make them do a ton of work" to do that. The mission at Twitter for years has been to take away friction in onboarding new users, but now the idea will be to build out more features to keep users around once they have tried the app out.
Feb 6, 2020 Forescout to be acquired by a pair of private equity firms for $1.9B.
In the earnings call that followed on November 7th, Forescout president and CEO Michael DeCesare tried to blame the bad results on extended sales, but it didn't really help, as private equity firms swooped in to make the deal. "We experienced extended sales cycles across several of our customers that pushed out deals and which did not become apparent until we entered the final days of the quarter. We do not believe that any of these deals have been lost to competitors," he told analysts.
Feb 6, 2020 Casper, the Mattress Start-Up, Goes Through With Lackluster I.P.O..
In an interview, Philip Krim, chief executive and co-founder of Casper, was still enthusiastic about his company's first day of trading. "Getting out to public investors has gone great," he said. "I've enjoyed telling people what we're trying to build and helping people understand it at a level of depth that the headlines might mislead you from."
Feb 7, 2020 Carta debuts fund to invest in startups that tap into its platform.
In a blog post written by Carta CEO Henry Ward, three companies are mentioned: A startup focused on helping other companies come up with fair and market-fitting "total compensation" for employees including both cash and stock; a startup focused on "build[ing] analytic investment tools for venture as an asset class;" and one final startup focused on executing and publishing research on private companies.
Feb 8, 2020 Facebook has acquired Scape Technologies, the London-based computer vision startup.
Scape CEO and co-founder Edward Miller previously described Scape's "Vision Engine" as a large-scale mapping pipeline that creates 3D maps from ordinary images and video. Camera devices can then query the Vision Engine using the startup's "Visual Positioning Service" API to determine their exact location with far greater precision than GPS can ever provide. The Visual Positioning Service was made available to select developers via Scape's SDK.
Jan 24, 2020 Auckland roadworks: MP Nikki Kaye's crisis briefing with Auckland Transport on 'perfect storm'.
Kaye said she had written to Mayor Phil Goff and AT chief executive Shane Ellison suggesting improvements to the planning between government agencies and private sector development consents.
Feb 9, 2020 After $479M round on $12.4B valuation, Snowflake CEO says IPO is next step.
Snowflake, the cloud-based data warehouse company, doesn't tend to do small rounds. On Friday night word leaked out about its latest mega round. This one was for $479 million on a $12.4 billion valuation. That's triple the company's previous $3.9 billion valuation from October 2018, and CEO Frank Slootman suggested that the company's next finance event is likely an IPO.
Jun 8, 2018 The interview: BNZ boss Angela Mentis.
And that's something the new chief executive of the Bank of New Zealand has been putting into practice through her banking career.
Feb 6, 2020 IEEE calls for standards to combat climate change and protect kids in the age of AI.
Other recent works express similar sentiments: Last year, CEOs from Apple, Amazon, and other top businesses recognized a responsibility to society, as well as shareholders, and companies like Microsoft and Amazon have recently espoused ambitious carbon footprint reduction goals.
Feb <|fim_middle|>stand Raises $20M to Be Blockchain-Based 'Venmo' for Commercial Payments.
"We made a promise to reboot commercial finance because it's insecure, inefficient and built on trustless networks and technology," Paystand CEO Jeremy Almond said in the announcement. "Today marks another step towards realizing that vision and transforming enterprise finance."
Feb 11, 2020 BitPay Launches In-Store Crypto Payments With New POS Partnership.
"It's a massive growth opportunity for BitPay," said BitPay CEO and co-founder Stephen Pair, "and an important milestone in our now-nine-year mission to make payments faster, more secure and less expensive for people and businesses."
Feb 11, 2020 German Bank to Offer Tokenized Securities Based on Stellar.
Radoslav Albrecht, Bitbond founder and CEO, told CoinDesk that "digital euro payments will happen much faster, there will be a real-time, on-chain DvP (delivery versus payment of securities) and the bank doesn't need to involve a third-party paying agent but can provide everything independently."
Feb 11, 2020 Muneeb Ali Explains Blockstack's Big Bet on Bitcoin.
Blockstack is integrating the security and the incentives of bitcoin to its ecosystem. CEO Muneeb Ali explains the changes.
Feb 12, 2020 Rio Tinto behaviour 'outrageous', Environment Minister David Parker says.
Fast forward to last week, and Gore District Council chief executive Steve Parry said had a verbal agreement with the chief executive of the smelter, Stewart Hamilton, to speed up the removal of the dross, and and store it at the smelter.
Feb 14, 2020 In Brief This Week: 10x Genomics, CareDx, Agilent, and More.
Agilent had sued Twist, CEO and Cofounder Emily Leproust, and several other individuals in 2016 in Santa Clara (California) Superior Court, alleging theft of trade secrets related to DNA oligonucleotide synthesis. Last week, the firms announced a settlement where Twist would make a one-time payment to Agilent of $22.5 million in exchange for full relief of the claims, with no admission of liability or wrongdoing by Twist.
Feb 14, 2020 People in the News: Scott Mendel, Hany Massarany, Edwin Hendrick, Philippe Menu, More.
GenMark Diagnostics has appointed Scott Mendel, its chief operating officer, as interim president and CEO, effective immediately. Hany Massarany has stepped down as president and CEO and as a member of the company's board of directors, also effective immediately. GenMark said it has commenced a search to identify a permanent CEO.
Apr 7, 2011 GenMark Shares Spike on Appointment of New CEO.
Shares of GenMark Diagnostics jumped 18 percent on Wednesday after the firm announced that it had appointed a new CEO.
Nov 8, 2019 People in the News: Roland Diggelmann, Victor Esch, Scott Hutton, David Brunel, More.
Roland Diggelmann has been appointed to Accelerate Diagnostics' board of directors. Diggelmann is currently CEO of Smith+Nephew, a British medical equipment manufacturing company, having recently succeeded Namal Nawana, the former CEO of Alere. Diggelmann previously served as CEO of Roche Diagnostics, and also worked in the orthopedics sector at Sulzer Orthopedics and Zimmer Group.
Nov 15, 2019 People in the News: Jessica Mega, Pardis Sabeti, Thomas Caskey, Robert Ford, Miles White, More.
Abbott announced Miles White will be stepping down as CEO on March 31, 2020 after 21 years in the position, and will be replaced by Robert Ford. Ford has been the president and COO of Abbott since October 2018, and was appointed to the board. Before that, Ford was the executive VP of medical devices at the company, and has been at Abbott since 1996. Miles will remain executive chairman of BD's board.
Jan 31, 2020 People in the News: Megan Bailey, Fortunato Ron Rocca, Julien Bradley, More.
Interpace Biosciences has appointed Fortunato Ron Rocca as a class II director. Rocca will serve on the firm's board as a non-employee director. Concurrently with the appointment, Felice Schnoll-Sussman has resigned from Interpace Bio's board. Rocca currently serves as president and CEO of Exagen.
Jan 24, 2020 People in the News: Kumud Kalia, James McNally, Jay Flatley, More.
Jay Flatley has joined the board of directors of Zymergen, serving as lead independent director. He is the chairman of the board of Illumina. From 1999 until 2016, Flatley was the CEO of Illumina, and until the end of 2019, he was the company's executive chairman.
Jan 17, 2020 People in the News: Jay Flatley, Thomas Slavin, Tony Pare, More.
Jay Flatley has become chairman of the board of directors at Illumina. Until the end of 2019, he was executive chairman, and from 1999 until mid-2016, he was Illumina's CEO. Previously, he was president and CEO of Molecular Dynamics, now part of GE Healthcare. Before that, he was VP of engineering and strategic planning at Plexus Computers, executive VP at Manning Technologies, and held various positions at Spectra Physics.
Dec 3, 2019 DNAnexus, Deloitte Win $20M Contract to Run Multi-Omics on PrecisionFDA.
DNAnexus CEO Richard Daly said that the new contract demonstrates his company's understanding of "FDA's evolving needs for data stewardship, security, and quality, and the increasing complexity of bioinformatics in regulatory review." He said that the expanded relationship will help PrecisionFDA "enhance the regulatory process and provide better options for patients and healthcare providers."
May 13, 2014 Health Data Startup SolveBio Raises $2M From A16Z, Max Levchin, SV Angel, And Other Investors.
"There are other companies and hospitals working on ways to interpret the genome. However, no one that we are aware of is working on better ways to deliver and distribute the content necessary to make these interpretations happen. We're the only ones focusing on making the jobs of developers easier in this field," SolveBio's CEO and co-founder Mark Kaganovich said in an email.
Mar 11, 2014 TeselaGen Is Building A Platform For Rapid Prototyping in Synthetic Biology.
"Our vision is about closing the design-build-test-and-evolve loop," said CEO Mike Fero, who was a researcher at Stanford focusing on protein localization and who was previously a vice president at a computational genomics company called Neomorphics that was sold to Affymetrix in 2000. "We want to shorten the time frame it takes to get your DNA built and run more experiments."
Apr 3, 2019 Xcell Biosciences Corporation Announces Technology Access Program and First Partner.
Xcell Biosciences Corporation, a provider of novel and disruptive systems for cell therapy development and production which combines rapid primary cell expansion and fine control of cell population mix and phenotype across a range of therapeutically important human cell types, today announced the launch of a Technology Access Program (TAP) and the first TAP partner, Thibault Jonckheere, CEO at ImmunXperts in Gosselies, Belgium.
Oct 16, 2017 B2B Strategies Can Help B2C Companies Expand Sales.
I spoke to Lev Grzhonko, CEO of MonDevices, to find out how their company garnered interest and presence with national retailers to grow the business and increase sales. MonDevices created the most affordable smart baby monitoring product on the market called MonBaby. Grzhonko shared the company's top B2B strategies that support the efforts of its B2C resellers.
Feb 19, 2020 Big leasing deals push up Precinct revenue, net profit more than doubles.
Chief executive Scott Pritchard chief described how revenue rose from $64.6m to $77.8m and net profit after tax rocketed from $24.6m to $53.3m in the half-year to December 31, 2019, compared to the previous half-year.
Feb 19, 2020 Spark profit jumps 9 per cent to $167m, buoyed by mobile gains.
Former CEO Simon Moutter's hint that Spark Sport financials would be reported with the first post-Rugby World Cup notwithstanding, a search through Spark's interim report for "Spark Sport" yielded zero results. Ditto for "rugby."
Feb 20, 2020 NZ Post in 'difficult position' over declining letter volumes despite profit jump.
But chief executive David Walsh said it would probably increase the price of sending letters again, later this year.
Feb 21, 2020 People in the News: Troy Cox, Dan Handley, Ed Simcox, More.
Sophia Genetics has named former Foundation Medicine CEO Troy Cox chairman of its board of directors, effective March 1. Cox will replace Antoine Duchateau, whom the company said will remain on the board. Cox, who also has held executive positions at US BioOncology and Genentech, joined the Sophia Genetics board in July 2019.
Aug 12, 2019 How biotech became part of Cambridge's DNA.
China, in particular, is starting to make a real dent. "I've seen a lot more Chinese investors on startup scouting trips in Cambridge than US," says Fiona Nielson, chief executive of genomic data start-up Repositive.
Feb 13, 2020 NZX profit reflects growth in capital markets.
Chief executive Mark Peterson said the total value of the capital raised in the markets nearly doubled over the year to $18.7 billion, driven mostly by growth in the number and value of debt listings, along with secondary equity issuance.
Jan 16, 2020 Google Reaches $1 Trillion in Value, Even as It Faces New Tests.
As part of the transition, Sundar Pichai, a longtime deputy who has been Google's chief executive since 2015, took the reins of what has been a changing company. While Mr. Page and Mr. Brin once said Google was not a conventional corporation, it has become just that in recent years.
Aug 10, 2015 Google Is Now Alphabet, But It Doesn't Own Alphabet.com.
So Google is now part of Alphabet, a new holding company that will manage Google and all of its other products. Why is the new company called Alphabet? Google/Alphabet CEO Larry Page says it's because Alphabet means a "collection of letters that represent language, one of humanity's most important innovations, and is the core of how we index with Google search!" But the domain name for Alphabet is abc.xyz — not alphabet.com (which is currently getting hammered with traffic it seems).
Feb 8, 2017 An executive's guide to software development.
In his 2013 message to GE shareholders, CEO Jeffrey R. Immelt wrote, "We believe that every industrial company will become a software company." Last year, he doubled down, moving GE's corporate headquarters from Fairfield, Connecticut, to Boston, in large part to lure world-class software engineers in the area.
Dec 17, 2019 ANZ New Zealand names Antonia Watson new chief executive.
ANZ New Zealand has named Antonia Watson as its new chief executive after a six month hunt for a replacement for disgraced former chief executive David Hisco.
Antonia Watson.
Antonia Watson is CEO of New Zealand.
Apr 28, 2020 ANZ NZ CEO Antonia Watson sees potential for quicker economic recovery than many other countries as bank posts fall in interim profit with loan impairments & expenses rising. interest.co.nz.
"New Zealand's response to COVID-19 has resulted in extraordinary changes to the economy, the fortunes of businesses and the lives of customers," ANZ CEO Antonia Watson says.
Dec 17, 2019 ANZ Bank appoints Antonia Watson as first female CEO.
Antonia Watson has been appointed as ANZ Bank New Zealand's new chief executive officer and director, the first New Zealand woman to lead the company.
ANZ Management.
Antonia is CEO of ANZ New Zealand. Prior to this she held roles as Managing Director of our Retail and Business Banking business and as Chief Financial Officer. In her most recent role as MD Retail and Business Banking, Antonia was responsible for our network of retail branches, contact centres and banking specialists who take care of over two million consumer and small business customers. Antonia joined ANZ from Morgan Stanley, where she was General Manager of their business services and technology centre in Budapest and had various Finance roles in Sydney and London. She started her career at KPMG.
Dec 17, 2019 ANZ names Antonia Watson as new chief executive.
ANZ has named a new chief executive for its New Zealand business to replace David Hisco who left the bank over an expenses scandal earlier this year.
Feb 23, 2020 Steel & Tube posts $37m half year loss.
Chief executive Mark Malpass said the company expected an improved second half.
May 2, 2020 Cash-strapped lobbyists spend $12,000 publishing council 'rich list'.
There, in addition to the chief executive, 10 employees are listed with incomes above $250,000, and sorted into bands of $10,000, while the company listed just eight executives - but specified their titles - and lumped them all in a band of $280-390,000.
Apr 29, 2020 ANZ NZ profit down 15pc to $789m.
Antonia Watson, ANZ New Zealand chief executive, said New Zealand's response to Covid-19 had resulted in extraordinary changes to the economy, the fortunes of businesses and the lives of customers.
May 7, 2020 Grimes and Elon Musk's choice of baby name might not be accepted in California.
Tesla and SpaceX CEO Musk announced the birth of the couple's baby boy in a post on Twitter Tuesday, and Grimes later broken down each character of the name in a post of her own.
Jan 31, 2019 Meet Tesla's McKinsey-Groomed, Newly Minted Millennial CFO.
Kirkhorn, 34, will become chief financial officer of the electric-car maker after a few months more grooming by his predecessor, Deepak Ahuja. Chief Executive Officer Elon Musk revealed the shakeup in the closing minutes of Tesla's earnings called Wednesday, and the surprise announcement sent the shares tumbling as much as 5.9 percent.
Board of managers title
The term director is a title given to the senior management staff of businesses and other large organisations.
Management is the administration of an organization, whether it is a business, a non-profit organization, or a government ...
A salary is a form of periodic payment from an employer to an employee, which may be specified in an employment contract.
A company, abbreviated as co.
Executive compensation is composed of both the financial compensation and other non-financial benefits received by an ...
State of India
Andhra Pradesh is a state in the south-eastern coastal region of India.
Net worth is the value of all the non-financial and financial assets owned by an individual or institution minus the value of ...
The chief financial officer is the officer of a company that has primary responsibility for managing the company's finances, ...
Organization committee title
A president is a leader of an organization, company, community, club, trade union, university or other group.
Organization committee position
The chairperson is the presiding officer of an organized group such as a board, committee, or deliberative assembly.
A board of directors is an executive committee that jointly supervise the activities of an organization, which can be either ...
An executive officer is a person who is principally responsible for leading all or part of an organization, although the ...
Telangana is a state in India situated on the south-central stretch of the Indian peninsula on the high Deccan Plateau.
Chief Executive Officer of Alphabet
Pichai Sundararajan, better known as Sundar Pichai, is an Indian-born American business executive.
Social networking website
Wattpad is an online social reading platform intended for users to read and write original stories. | 9, 2020 Contact Energy earnings fall amid high fuel, carbon costs.
"The impact of the recent under-investment in New Zealand's ageing gas fields has been acutely felt over the past six months with the supply of natural gas proving unreliable, leading to thermal input costs increasing sharply," chief executive Dennis Barnes said in a statement.
Feb 10, 2020 IBM Blockchain VP: Every Dollar Spent on Blockchain Yields $15 on Cloud.
In addition, IBM chief Ginny Rometty is stepping down to make way for a new CEO, Arvind Krishna, the head of the cloud and cognitive business and architect of the Red Hat deal. Krishna takes over officially on April 6.
Feb 10, 2020 Inside Chainalysis' Multimillion-Dollar Relationship With the US Government.
No competing firm's federal contracts match Chainalysis', and none are as prevalent across agencies. CipherTrace, led by CEO David Jevans, has made about $6 million through mostly research and development contracts; Elliptic, a British firm, has had only one contract worth $2,450 with the Internal Revenue Service, according to federal data.
Feb 10, 2020 Digital Banking Startup Targets UK License to Serve Crypto Firms.
"It's a lack of understanding and reputation risk that has kept others away. We think it can be a cleaner sector" than traditional finance, CEO Sean Kiernan said in the report.
Feb 10, 2020 What Needs to Happen to Get Boeing's 737 Max Flying Again?.
The plane has been grounded since last March, after two crashes in five months killed 346 people. The crisis has cost Boeing billions of dollars and led to the ouster of its chief executive, who repeatedly offered overly optimistic assessments of when the Max would be back in the air.
Feb 7, 2020 Pay | 401 |
Hello, hello! I'm sorry today's post is a little late. I am getting my hair done by my favorite hair dress ever and had a few internet problems this morning, but I have a little more Christmas Cheer for you today! We finished our tree (at least for now) and I added a little "wintery" sparkle to our bedroom.
Spreading Christmas Cheer in our living room…..
This year I placed our four silhouettes pictures we had done at Disneyworld on our tree to give it a vintage appeal. Some of my coffee filter roses (you can find the tutorial here) and extra white poinsettia from my door hanging with my pearl garland, and pink ornaments added a more feminine look to it but my husband said it looked really nice, so it's a go! Those large snowflakes I just picked up yesterday at the dollar tree and even though I was apprehensive about them at first, I love how they look on the tree. Can't beat $1 for two large, sparkly snowflakes!
Spreading Christmas Cheer in the bedroom…..
My headboard was decorated with snowflake garland that I made with smaller snowflakes from the dollar tree. I just snipped off the hangers and looped croquet thread through the middle of the snowflake so they would stay in place. It worked like a charm. I layered it with a gold beaded garland.
My sister had given me a couple of pretty starfish last year for Christmas that are hanging on my dresser and bathroom cabinet. I love hanging ornaments on furniture pulls and door knobs!
Well, that's it for now. Are you decorating for Christmas yet?
So<|fim_middle|> and the 26th is GREEN! I hope you can join me again! | dainty and pretty! i love the silhouette ornaments! What a cool idea!
First off, I love your website! I'm a little late but I wanted to thank you for linking up to Click Chicks as often as you do! 🙂 Today is winter, next week is RED, | 58 |
Launching Wednesday: New Station Crew, Space Tourist
By Clara Moskowitz
At the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, NASA astronaut Jeff Williams (left), Russian cosmonaut Max Suraev, (center), and space tourist Guy Laliberte pose for pictures in front of their Soyuz TMA-16 spacecraft Sept. 26 following a final inspection of the vehicle at the Integration and Checkout Facility. (Image credit: NASA/Victor Zelentsov)
Two new space station crewmembers and Canada's first space tourist are due to launch into space Wednesday on a Russian rocket.
The three spaceflyers are set to blast off on the SoyuzTMA-16 spacecraft from Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan at 3:14 a.m. EDT (0714GMT).
Veteran NASA astronaut Jeff Williams and Maxim Suraev, arookie Russian cosmonaut, are scheduled to take up long-term residence on the InternationalSpace Station (ISS) as Expedition 21 crewmembers. Their Soyuz crewmate, billionairespace tourist Guy Laliberte, plans to stay aboard the station for about 10 daysbefore flying home. Laliberte is an acrobat and the founder of Cirque duSoleil, and plans to devote his trip to raising awareness of global waterissues. Clickhere for SPACE.com's full profile of Laliberte.
The three spaceflyers arrived at Baikon<|fim_middle|> station crews of three.
Expedition 20 commander Gennady Padalka and flight engineerMichael Barratt, a cosmonaut and NASA astronaut, respectively, are set to headhome with Laliberte Oct. 11. De Winne will take over as the newstation commander.
During the new crew's stay the space station will host twovisiting space shuttle missions and one new Soyuz launch, as well as a handfulof unmanned cargo ship arrivals.
Williams and Suraev are set to return to Earth in March2010.
SPACE.com is providing fullcoverage of the launch of Laliberte and the Expedition 21 crew with StaffWriter Clara Moskowitz in New York. Clickhere for mission updates and live mission coverage. Launch coverage beginsat 2:30 a.m. EDT (0630 GMT).
Video - Tour the Space Station's Bathroom
Video - Challenging Command: Belgian Astronaut Leads Crew of Six
New Show - Inside the International Space Station
Clara Moskowitz
Clara Moskowitz is a science and space writer who joined the Space.com team in 2008 and served as Assistant Managing Editor from 2011 to 2013. Clara has a bachelor's degree in astronomy and physics from Wesleyan University, and a graduate certificate in science writing from the University of California, Santa Cruz. She covers everything from astronomy to human spaceflight and once aced a NASTAR suborbital spaceflight training program for space missions. Clara is currently Associate Editor of Scientific American. To see her latest project is, follow Clara on Twitter.
'Little hurricanes' around young stars can help astronomers measure and infant exoplanets
Arrakhis: The tiny satellite aiming to reveal what dark matter is made of
Don't miss the moon eclipse Mars next week on Monday (Jan. 30) | ur on Sept. 18 andhave been undergoing final training and preparations.
"Everything is progressing smoothly," Williamswrote Monday on his blog (http://blogs.nasa.gov/cm/blog/2089)."Several of us have been running in the desert every day, crossing pathswith camels, cows, goats, wild horses, and the occasional shepherd."
They are due to dock at the space station Friday at 4:37 a.m.EDT (0837 GMT).
Pilot and parachuter
Williams, a native of Winter, Wis., is a former U.S. Armypilot who served for three years in Germany. He has also served as anexperimental test pilot and has participated in competitive sport parachuting.
In addition to his blog, Williams is sharing his experienceas an astronaut by posting updates on the microblogging site Twitter under thename "Astro_Jeff." He is one of a growing groupof spaceflyers communicating with the public through the site.
"Our rocket is on the pad andready to go!" he tweeted Monday.
Williams was selected as a NASA astronaut candidate in 1996.His first trip to space was as a flight engineer and lead spacewalker on theMay 2000 STS-101 journey of the space shuttle Atlantis. He flew again in March2006 aboard a Russian Soyuz spacecraft to spend six months aboard the ISS as anExpedition 13 flight engineer.
For the first half of his upcoming mission, Williams willserve as an Expedition 21 flight engineer. In December, when a new spacecraftarrives with three new crewmembers, Williams will take over as commander ofExpedition 22.
When he's not busy with scientific research and stationmaintenance duties, Williams is a particularly avid Earth photographer.
"The biggest reward to me has always been bringing theexperience to others on the ground," he said in a preflight interview."Part of that, bringing the story back, is the photography."
Williams is married and has two sons.
First-time flyer
Suraev, a 37-year old Russian Air Force pilot, is set tomake his first trip to space on this mission. He began cosmonaut training in 1997,and was qualified as a test-cosmonaut in 1999.
"I?m really just looking forward to be in zero gravityand see how it might affect me," he said in a preflight interview. He saidhe was especially excited for the mission's planned spacewalk, which he isslated to participate in.
After such a long lead up to his flight, Suraev said he'sthrilled to be finally approaching his liftoff date.
"I feel great," Suraev said. "I'm ready, I'mhappy and I'm really looking forward to it."
Surayev is married and has two daughters.
New expedition
Williams and Surayev are set to join the current stationcrew - an internationalcadre including Belgian astronaut Frank De Winne, Canadian Space Agencyastronaut Robert Thirsk, Russian cosmonaut Roman Romanenko, and NASA astronautNicole Stott - to begin Expedition 21. They are only the second six-personcrew, expanded from previous | 667 |
717 F. 2d 1491 - Dart v. H Brown
717 F2d 1491 Dart v. H Brown
717 F.2d 1491
Henry T. DART and the Libertarian Party of Louisiana,
Plaintiffs-Appellants,
James H. BROWN, Secretary of State for the State of
Louisiana, et al., Defendants-Appellees.
Fifth Circuit.
Henry T. Dart, pro se.
Louis M. Jones, Joseph Giarrusso, Jr., Maureen J. Feran, Asst. Attys. Gen., Paul A. Eckert, Staff Atty., New Orleans, La., for State of La.
Ronald P. Nabonne, New Orleans, La., for Lombard.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana.
Before TUTTLE*, POLITZ and GARWOOD, Circuit Judges.
GARWOOD, Circuit Judge:
Appellants, Henry T. Dart and the Libertarian Party of Louisiana, brought this suit seeking both injunctive relief and a declaration that certain sections of the Louisiana Election Code were unconstitutional. Finding that the Code sections in question, restricting the notation on the ballot of a candidate's affiliation with an "unrecognized" political party, were constitutional, the district court, following a bench trial, granted judgment for the defendants. We affirm.
On December 18, 1981, Henry T. Dart, a registered member of the Libertarian Party of Louisiana, qualified to run for election to the New Orleans City Council, District B. The preprinted notice of candidacy form, prepared by the office of James Brown, the Secretary of State, contains three boxes concerning party affiliation, one of which the candidate must check. After the phrase, "I am," the candidate must check the box labeled "a member of the Democratic Party," the box labeled "a member of the Republican Party," or the last box, labeled "not affiliated with a recognized political party." Dart checked the box indicating that he was not affiliated with either recognized party (Democratic and Republican), and then typed in "Libertarian Party" next to that box. On December 21, 1981, Edwin Lombard, Clerk of the Criminal District Court for the Parish of Orleans, certified to Brown the candidates qualified for election. Dart was among them.
The certification form which Lombard submitted to Brown listed the political affiliation of each of the five candidates for the office in question, except Dart, as Democrat. Next to Dart's name was "NP," signifying that Dart was affiliated with no "recognized" party.
Dart wrote to Brown and Lombard on January 4, 1982, and demanded that the designation "Libertarian Party" be placed after his name on the City Council election ballot. Melvin Bellar, Legal Counsel for the Office of the Secretary of State, responded on January 7, 1982, that because the Libertarian Party was not a "recognized political party" as defined in LSA-R.S. 18:441, Brown was not authorized, under LSA-R.S. 18:551 D and E, to print Dart's party designation on the ballot and did not intend to do so.
On January 11, 1982, Dart and the Libertarian Party filed this lawsuit against Brown and Lombard under 42 U.S.C. Sec. 1983.1 The appellants alleged that LSA-R.S. 18:441, 18:551 D, and 18:551 E violated the First and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution, and article 1, section 3, of the Louisiana Constitution.2 Dart and the Libertarian Party sought a declaration that the statutes were unconstitutional, as well as an injunction requiring the appellees to either designate Dart's party affiliation ("Libertarian") on the ballot or remove all candidates' party affiliations from the ballot. By consent of the parties, trial on the merits was consolidated with the hearing on preliminary injunction, and on January 29, 1982, the district court heard the case. On February 3, 1982, the court entered judgment denying the request for the preliminary injunction and dismissing the suit. In its opinion filed the same day the court held that the Louisiana statutes did not violate the appellants' constitutional rights.3
THE LOUISIANA STATUTORY SCHEME AS APPLIED TO APPELLANTS
It is undisputed that Dart qualified to run in the February 6, 1982 New Orleans City Council "primary" election, and that his name was on the ballot in that election.
That ballot, however, did not designate Dart's political affiliation, although the party affiliation of Dart's four opponents was indicated by the word "Democrat," placed in small type beneath each of their names. The equivalent space under Dart's name on the ballot was left blank. The ballot was prepared in conformity with LSA-R.S. 18:551 D, which provides:
"D. Political party designation. The political party designation of a candidate who is registered as being affiliated with a recognized political party shall be printed on the primary or general election ballot on the same line and immediately after or below the candidate's name. If a candidate is not affiliated with a political party, the space after his name shall be left blank." (Emphasis added.)
Dart's political affiliation with the Libertarian Party was not placed on the ballot because the Libertarian Party was not then, and is not now, a "recognized" party in Louisiana.
Louisiana schedules elections for different classes or groups of elective offices at different times, but for nearly all such offices, other than presidential elector, there is a "primary" election and, if necessary, also a "general" election. Secs. 401, 402, 1251, 1271, 1272. Louisiana has an "open" primary system. The "primary" election is not a device for party nomination. Rather, there is only a single primary election for each office or group of offices, all qualified voters are entitled to vote in it regardless of their party affiliations, and all qualified candidates are eligible to appear on the ballot, regardless of party endorsement or affiliation. Sec. 401. Apart from general requirements such as age or residence, a candidate qualifies to appear on the primary ballot merely by timely filing a "notice of his candidacy" accompanied by either a filing fee or a nominating petition.4 Filing fees range from five hundred dollars for candidates for governor, three and four hundred dollars for other state offices, and lesser amounts for local and municipal offices. Sec. 464.5 Nominating petitions are to be signed by registered voters in a certain minimum number, ranging from five thousand for all statewide candidates to lesser numbers for other offices. Sec. 465 C.6 The registered party affiliation, if any, of the voters signing the petition is irrelevant.7
A candidate receiving a majority of the votes cast for the office at the primary election is elected. Sec. 511 A.8 If no one candidate receives a majority, then the two candidates for the office who received the greatest number of votes at the primary election appear on the subsequent general election ballot, and the candidate who receives the greatest number of votes in the general election is elected. A general election is held for an office only if no one is elected to it as a result of the primary election process, and the only candidates appearing on the general election ballot are those who "survived" the primary. Secs. 481, 482, 551 C(2). The "general" election is thus simply a "runoff" election between those receiving the greatest number of votes in a primary election in which no candidate received a majority. On both the primary and general election ballots all candidates for a given office are listed alphabetically by surname in a vertical column headed by the title of the office. Sec. 551 C.9 Except for the referenced designation of the registered political party affiliation of candidates registered as affiliated with a recognized party, "no information, designation or title shall be printed on the ballot." Sec. 551 E.10
Section 441 of the Louisiana Election Code prescribes the requisites for recognition of a political party:
"A political party shall be recognized in this state if one of its candidates for presidential elector received at least five percent of the votes cast in this state for presidential electors in the last presidential election, or if at least five percent of the registered voters in the state are registered as being affiliated with the political party...."11
Under Louisiana law there are thus two routes by which a political party may become recognized. Recognition may be achieved under either. One route is for five percent of the State's registered voters to be registered as being affiliated with that party. When a person registers to vote, his or her then declared "political party affiliation," if any, is entered in the voter registration records. Secs. 104 A(11), 107 A. Registration to vote occurs at the local parish level and may be accomplished at any time,12 though it must normally be done in person. Secs. 103, 131, 132, 133. "An elector may change his party affiliation by making application therefor in writing to the registrar." Sec. 107 B. It appears this may be done at any time. Voters "may vote on candidates for public office in primary and general elections without regard to the voter's party affiliation or lack of it, and all candidates for public office who qualify for a primary or general election may be voted on without regard to the candidate's party affiliation or lack of it." Sec. 401 B.13 Just when a party must have five percent of the registered voters registered as affiliated with it, in order to be a "recognized" party for purposes of a given election, is not explicitly stated in the statutes. Presumably this status could be achieved as late as the close of the period for candidates to qualify for the election in question. See note 6, supra.14
The other route provided by Louisiana law for political party recognition is that if one of the party's candidates for presidential elector received at least five percent of the votes cast in the State for presidential electors at the last presidential election, the party is "recognized." The candidates for presidential elector selected by each recognized political party, and the candidates for president and vice president of such party, are certified by the party to the Louisiana Secretary of State and are automatically placed on the ballot. Sec. 1253. Otherwise, slates of candidates for presidential elector may be placed on the ballot either by a five hundred dollar filing fee, or by a nominating petition signed by five thousand qualified voters,15 paid to or filed with the Secretary of State during the period from the first Tuesday in August to the first Tuesday in September of the presidential election year. See Secs. 1254 and 465 C(1). See also Blanchard v. Brown, 388 So.2d 865 (La.App. 1st Cir.), writ denied, 386 So.2d 919 (La.1980).16 Apparently, a voter is not disqualified from signing a nominating petition for presidential electors by reason of being registered as affiliated with a different political party.17 Nominating petitions state the names of the electors, of the candidates for president and vice president whom they support, and, in three words or less, the political principle represented. Sec. 1254(C). The presidential ballot lists the names of the candidates for president and vice president and, in smaller type, the names of the elector candidates, identified as such. Sec. 1259 B. Next to the names of the presidential and vice presidential candidates appear the name and emblem of their political parties, if "recognized", or, "if nominated by a nominating petition, the political principal [sic ] which the candidates support, as stated on the nominating petition, if any, and the words 'Nominating Petition' ...." Id. The presidential candidates of recognized parties are listed on the ballot alphabetically, "according to the names of the parties, followed by the names of the candidates nominated by nominating petitions, listed alphabetically by designation of political principal [sic ]." Id.18
The testimony and exhibits at trial revealed that the Libertarian Party had not met either of the requisites for recognition. In 1980, the Libertarian Party had run Ed Clark for President of the United States, and he and his vice presidential candidate and supporting electors appeared on the ballot in Louisiana. See note 18, supra. Had Clark received five percent of the Louisiana presidential vote, the Libertarian Party would have become recognized. According to the 1980 election figures, however, out of 1,548,591 votes cast, Ed Clark received 8,240 votes, or approximately .53 percent of the vote, 4.47 percentage points short of the votes needed for party recognition.19 Only in one of Louisiana's sixty-four parishes did Clark receive as much as one percent of the total presidential vote, and in that parish (Lafourche) his 326 votes were less than one and one-tenth percent of the total. Only in one parish, Orleans, did he receive as many as 1,000 votes, and there his 1,015 votes were less than six-tenths of one percent of the parish total. The record also reveals that at the time of trial, the roster of the Libertarian Party of Louisiana contained "at a maximum" only 600 names--names of "simply people who are known to us as being interested in the philosophy of the party" and who were "not necessarily registered as Libertarians."20 In 1981, Louisiana had 1,942,941 registered voters, five percent of which is 97,147 voters. While there was no evidence of the exact amount of Libertarian registration either statewide or in any one parish, it is evident that the Party was not only vastly short of the five percent statewide total, but was also most significantly below that percentage in every parish. Indeed, the Libertarian Party did not claim to have even as much as one percent of the voter registration in any parish.21
The Libertarian Party and Dart admit that the Party is not "recognized" under the Louisiana Election Code. They contend, however, that Secs. 441 and 551 D and E violate their equal protection rights. In this regard, they challenge as impermissible the distinction Louisiana has made between recognized and nonrecognized parties by requiring the Secretary of State to place on the ballot the registered party affiliation of candidates of recognized political parties, while forbidding placement on the ballot of the party affiliation of all other candidates, including those registered as members of nonrecognized parties. This distinction respecting whether a candidate's party affiliation is listed on the ballot is the only consequence of a party's not being "recognized" of which appellants make any complaint.22
THE STANDARD OF REVIEW
The primary error which appellants contend that the district court made was in failing to apply a strict scrutiny test to evaluate the validity of the complained of Louisiana Election Code provisions. The strict scrutiny test requires that the challenged statute be narrowly drawn to provide the least restrictive means of furthering a compelling state interest. We have described it as " 'strict' in theory and usually 'fatal' in fact." Arceneaux v. Treen, 671 F.2d 128, 131 (5th Cir.1982). The application of the test "has been reserved for matters involving race, religion, national origin and characterizations impinging upon 'fundamental rights.' " Seoane v. Ortho Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 660 F.2d 146, 149 (5th Cir.1981) (footnotes omitted) (quoted in Arceneaux, 671 F.2d at 131). Dart and the Party urge that the distinction the State has made in allowing only the party affiliations of candidates who are members of recognized parties to be placed on the ballot impermissibly burdens First Amendment rights that the Supreme Court has characterized as fundamental--the right to vote and the freedom of association.
In support of their position that any evaluation of the statutes before the Court calls for the application of strict scrutiny, the appellants cite several Supreme Court decisions concerning election and ballot restrictions, beginning with Williams v. Rhodes, 393 U.S. 23, 89 S.Ct. 5, 21 L.Ed.2d 24 (1968), and concluding with Anderson v. Celebrezze, --- U.S. ----, 103 S.Ct. 1564, 75 L.Ed.2d 547 (1983). See also Clements v. Fashing, --- U.S. ----, 102 S.Ct. 2836, 73 L.Ed.2d 508 (1982); Illinois State Board of Elections v. Socialist Workers Party, 440 U.S. 173, 99 S.Ct. 983, 59 L.Ed.2d 230 (1979); Lubin v. Panish, 415 U.S. 709, 94 S.Ct. 1315, 39 L.Ed.2d 702 (1974); Storer v. Brown, 415 U.S. 724, 94 S.Ct. 1274, 39 L.Ed.2d 714 (1974); American Party v. White, 415 U.S. 767, 94 S.Ct. 1296, 39 L.Ed.2d 744 (1974); Bullock v. Carter, 405 U.S. 134, 92 S.Ct. 849, 31 L.Ed.2d 92 (1972); Jenness v. Fortson, 403 U.S. 431, 91 S.Ct. 1970, 29 L.Ed.2d 554 (1971).
We reject appellants' contentions and hold that the strict scrutiny test is inapplicable. In the first place, a fundamental distinction exists between this case and all the cited Supreme Court decisions. In each of the cases before the Supreme Court the state had prevented the names of the candidates from even appearing on the ballot--candidate ballot access was absolutely denied. In Anderson the Supreme Court identified two "basic constitutional rights," --- U.S. at ----, 103 S.Ct. at 1568-69, 75 L.Ed.2d at 556, burdened by ballot restrictions--"[t]he right to vote is 'heavily burdened' if that vote may be cast only for major-party candidates" and "[t]he exclusion of candidates also burdens voters' freedom of association, because an election campaign is an effective platform for the expression of views ... and a candidate serves as a rallying-point for like-minded citizens." Id. --- U.S. at ----, 103 S.Ct. at 1569, 75 L.Ed.2d at 557 (footnote omitted). Neither interest is invaded in a case of this kind--the voters had a full choice of candidates, including Dart, and candidate Dart was available as a rallying point and campaign focus for Libertarians and other like-minded citizens.
Dart seems to recognize that the State did not restrict his access to the ballot. Instead, he and the Libertarian Party argue that the Party was denied access to the ballot, and hence application of the strict scrutiny test promulgated in the ballot access cases is mandated here.
We reject this argument. Although the Supreme Court's ballot access cases have discussed, in part, the access of new political parties to the ballot, the restrictions under consideration described as denying access to the parties have always concurrently denied access to the parties' candidates.
The candidate is a vehicle for a party. He or she represents the ideals of a group of persons and is, once elected, the person whom members of the group expect to implement their political ideals and work toward their political goals. If it had no candidate to offer, a political party would neither seek nor gain access to the ballot. The Libertarian Party here offered its candidate, Henry Dart, whom it supported for City Council. Although the words "Libertarian Party" did not appear under Dart's name, the Libertarian Party was not denied access to the ballot. The ballot's only significance was in electing candidates. It was a candidate, not a party, ballot. Any ballot slot to which the Libertarian Party might have been entitled would have been granted to it through its candidate, Dart. As Dart was granted access to the ballot, so was the Libertarian Party.
When a new party and its candidate are denied access to the ballot, the party members are denied the right to cast their votes for the candidate whom they support. Because Dart was on the ballot, his supporters could vote for him. Their fundamental right to cast their votes effectively was not impaired. Similarly, Libertarian Party members and Dart's other supporters retained their freedom to associate for the advancement of their political beliefs, with candidate Dart, and his campaign, available as a rallying point.
A major goal of a political party is to elect a candidate who will further the party's values and fortunes in the political arena. When a party's candidate is on the ballot, the party members' acts of associating and campaigning for a candidate who will advance their political beliefs are worthwhile. The candidate's placement on the ballot is a requisite for the party members to achieve their goal of having their political thoughts implemented. If elected, the candidate, as a participant in government, will be able to translate the party members' political beliefs into political action. If the party has no candidate on the ballot, the members' acts of political association can be individually enriching, but cannot directly serve the tangible end of securing a representative voice in government.
Since Dart was on the ballot, any political associating which Libertarian Party members and Dart's supporters did was directly related to furthering a fundamental party and political purpose--to get their candidate, Dart, elected. The members were "wholly free to associate, to proselytize, to speak, to write, and to organize campaigns" in support of their candidate and their political views. Jenness, 403 U.S. at 438, 91 S.Ct. at 1974. The claim that the freedom of association of the Libertarian Party members was significantly burdened cannot be sustained.
We recognize that our rejection of the strict scrutiny test under these circumstances may be ultimately inconsistent with the approach taken by the Eighth Circuit in McLain v. Meier, 637 F.2d 1159 (8th Cir.1980). There, strict scrutiny was apparently applied to strike down North Dakota laws requiring a petition with signatures of 15,000 registered voters, approximately 3.3 percent of the state total, to be filed ninety days before the primary and 150 days before the general election in order for the candidate of a party which did not receive five percent of the vote at the last gubernatorial general election to be placed on the general election ballot.23 In McLain the candidate plaintiff ultimately qualified as an independent, and accordingly in fact appeared on the ballot, but the Court disregarded this circumstance, stating:
"We decline to find, as the State urges, that the early filing deadline for third party candidates is offset by a later filing deadline for independent candidates. A candidate who wishes to be a party candidate should not be compelled to adopt independent status in order to participate in the electoral process. As the Supreme Court has recognized, 'the political party and the independent candidate approaches to political activity are entirely different and neither is a satisfactory substitute for the other.' Storer v. Brown, supra, 415 U.S. at 745, 94 S.Ct. at 1286." Id. at 1165 (footnote omitted).
However, unlike the California and North Dakota election laws at issue in Storer and McLain, Louisiana does not provide different methods of ballot access for candidates depending on their party affiliation or independent status, nor do any candidates24 run as "nominees" of any parties. To secure a place on the ballot, Dart had to do nothing not required of any other candidate, and was certainly not "compelled to adopt independent status."
In Storer, California, replying to the assertion that the ballot access requirements for independent candidates were overly burdensome, contended that an independent candidate could nevertheless secure a place on the ballot by forming a new political party, meeting what were claimed to be the less difficult level of support requirements applicable in such instance, and running as its nominee. It was in rejecting this contention that Storer employed the language relied on by McLain. The Storer opinion went on to point out in this connection that not only would the new party route entail "undertaking the serious responsibilities of qualified party status ... such as the conduct of a primary, holding party conventions, and the promulgation of party platforms," but that it would also in effect require of the candidate, and his supporters, "sacrificing" or "surrendering" their "independent status." 415 U.S. at 745-46, 94 S.Ct. at 1286. The associational rights of the independent candidate and his supporters would be violated by forcing them to form and act as a party, when the very essence of their political philosophy might be antithetical to political parties as such. No comparable situation is present under Louisiana law. Lack of designation of a candidate's party affiliation on the Louisiana ballot does not designate the candidate as an independent or as anything other than a candidate who has not registered his affiliation with a political party which has either as many as five percent of the State's registered voters or whose presidential candidate received at least five percent of the vote at the last presidential election. Louisiana requires no "flying under false colors."
The McLain Court premised its application of the strict scrutiny test on the fact that the North Dakota statutes at issue restricted the "fundamental right to vote [which] is inseparable from the right to place the candidate of one's choice on the ballot." Id. at 1163. However, as we have observed, the members of the Libertarian Party, and other supporters of Dart, were able to exercise their right to vote for him and he was on the ballot. There was no denial of the right to have the candidate of one's choice on the ballot or to vote for such candidate.
We have observed that the Supreme Court decisions in this general area all deal with situations where the complaining candidates have been denied access to the ballot, while the case before us does not involve such a denial, and is hence less suitable for application of the strict scrutiny test. However, even in cases where the challenged restrictions prevent the candidate from appearing on the ballot, it is by no means clear that the Supreme Court has uniformly applied a strict scrutiny test.
Where the restrictions burden not only candidate ballot access but also other important constitutionally protected rights, application of the strict scrutiny test seems clearest. This is illustrated by the filing fee cases of Bullock v. Carter, 405 U.S. 134, 144, 92 S.Ct. 849, 856, 31 L.Ed.2d 92 (1972) (results of large filing fees "would fall more heavily on the less affluent ... whose favorites may be unable to pay the large costs required ..."), and Lubin v. Panish, 415 U.S. 709, 716, 94 S.Ct. 1315, 1320, 39 L.Ed.2d 702 (1974) (filing fees cannot be a requirement for indigent candidates; "qualifying candidates ... may not constitutionally be measured solely in dollars"). Another illustration is provided by cases where the ballot access requirements are geographically discriminatory. See, e.g., Moore v. Ogilvie, 394 U.S. 814, 819, 89 S.Ct. 1493, 1496, 23 L.Ed.2d 1 (1969) (invalidating nominating petition requirement which "discriminates against the residents of the most populous counties of the State in favor of rural sections"). Similar considerations seem to have been influential in Illinois State Board of Elections v. Socialist Workers Party, 440 U.S. 173, 99 S.Ct. 983, 59 L.Ed.2d 230 (1979), where the Court was faced with an Illinois requirement that for independent or "new" party candidates to appear on a statewide ballot a nominating petition with 25,000 signatures was necessary, but for such candidates to appear on a municipal ballot the number of signatures required was five percent of the number voting in the most recent municipal election. The five percent figure produced a total less than 25,000 everywhere except in Chicago and Cook County, where it required some 35,000 signatures. Noting that the state's "interest in avoiding overloaded ballots in statewide elections is served by the 25,000 signature requirement" and that the state "has advanced no reason, much less a compelling one, why the State needs a more stringent requirement for Chicago," id. at 186, 99 S.Ct. at 991, the Court held the election code "unconstitutional insofar as it requires independent candidates and new political parties to obtain more than 25,000 signatures in Chicago." Id. at 187, 99 S.Ct. at 991.
Other ballot access cases are less clear as to the standard applied, especially in regard to the least restrictive means prong of the strict scrutiny test. In Williams v. Rhodes, 393 U.S. 23, 89 S.Ct. 5, 21 L.Ed.2d 24 (1968), the Court struck down Ohio's complex set of ballot access requirements as applied to presidential elections. These made no provision for independent candidates or write-in votes, required a new party to obtain signatures of fifteen percent of those voting in the preceding gubernatorial election by a very early date, and imposed numerous other burdensome and detailed organizational procedures, including the holding of a primary election conforming to rigorous standards. These requirements were so restrictive that the American Independent Party candidates were unable to qualify despite having garnered signatures (over 450,000) well in excess of the fifteen percent requirement. The Court held that these provisions, "taken as a whole," imposed undue burdens on the fundamental voting and associational rights of individuals not favoring major party candidates and hence were invidiously discriminatory and violative of the equal protection clause. Id. at 34, 89 S.Ct. at 12. However, doubtless because the combined effect of the Ohio laws was plainly so far in excess of what was necessary or appropriate to further the state's legitimate and compelling interests, the Court's opinion does not clearly indicate that the only valid regulations in this area are those imposing the least restrictive requirements necessary to the satisfaction of such interests.
In Jenness v. Fortson, 403 U.S. 431, 91 S.Ct. 1970, 29 L.Ed.2d 554 (1971), the Court upheld Georgia laws providing that independent candidates, and candidates of political parties whose candidate in the last presidential or gubernatorial election received less than twenty percent of the votes cast, could be placed on the general election ballot only by submitting, by the deadline for candidates to file for the major party primaries, petitions signed during the preceding 180 days by a number of eligible voters not less than five percent of those who were "eligible to vote in the last election" for the office being sought. Id. at 433, 91 S.Ct. at 1972 (emphasis added). The Court held there was "an important state interest in requiring some preliminary showing of a significant modicum of support" before granting ballot access, "the interest, if no other, in avoiding confusion, deception and even frustration of the democratic process ...." Id. at 442, 91 S.Ct. at 1976. Nothing in Justice Stewart's opinion for the Court, expressing the views of seven Justices (Justices Black and Harlan concurred in the result), suggests application of the strict scrutiny test. It is especially noteworthy that the Court, though plainly aware that the five percent of those eligible to vote requirement was higher than comparable requirements in nearly every other state (id. at 442 & n. 28, 91 S.Ct. at 1976 & n. 28), nevertheless did not appear to consider whether the state's interests might not be adequately served by a lesser percentage.
In American Party of Texas v. White, 415 U.S. 767, 94 S.Ct. 1296, 39 L.Ed.2d 744 (1974), and Storer v. Brown, 415 U.S. 724, 94 S.Ct. 1274, 39 L.Ed.2d 714 (1974), the Court primarily focused on the level of support requirements which minor party or independent candidates had to meet in order to appear on the ballot. In American Party the Texas requirements in this regard were upheld. In Storer the California requirements were held not to be facially invalid, but remand was ordered for factual determination as to whether the brief period (twenty-four days) allowed for signature gathering, coupled with the provision that those who voted in any of the preceding primaries were ineligible to sign the necessary nominating petitions, rendered invalid the requirement that the nominating petitions be signed by five percent of the total votes cast in the last general election, as being more than "a reasonably diligent independent candidate [could] be expected to satisfy." Id. at 742, 94 S.Ct. at 1285.25 Although there is some language in these decisions indicating application of the strict scrutiny test, we believe Professor Tribe fairly characterizes these two opinions as a whole in stating that:
"... each actually assayed the requirements by a far less demanding standard. In particular, the Court in several instances did not inquire whether a less restrictive alternative would adequately protect the state's interests .... The standard of review actually applied, therefore, seems to have been a mix of strict and minimal scrutiny." L. Tribe, American Constitutional Law (1978), 783.
We also observe that in Storer the Court noted there was "no litmus-paper test" in this area and that "[d]ecision in this context, as in others, is very much a 'matter of degree.' " Id. at 730, 94 S.Ct. at 1279. It seems to us that these remarks are particularly apt as applied to determination of the validity of a requirement for a given level of support. Since Jenness, Storer, and American Party, as well as other decisions,26 clearly establish the constitutionality of conditioning ballot access on a preliminary showing of a substantial modicum of popular support, the validity of such requirements, absent any peculiarly invidious feature, will usually present a "how much" rather than a "whether" question. This sort of question, it seems to us, is particularly ill-suited for mechanical application of the strict scrutiny test, especially its least restrictive means prong. If three percent of the registered voters is the challenged standard, the state will be hard put to defend the proposition that the difference between that figure and 2.7 percent is vital to its interests. By the same token, however, it cannot be denied that the interest in assurance of popular support is not "served equally well" (American Party, 415 U.S. at 781, 94 S.Ct. at 1306, emphasis added) by 2.7 percent as by three percent.
In the most recent of the Supreme Court's ballot access decisions, Anderson v. Celebrezze, --- U.S. ----, 103 S.Ct. 1564, 75 L.Ed.2d 547 (1983), the Court invalidated, as too early, Ohio's March 20, 1980 filing deadline for independent presidential candidates. The Court was divided five to four, and the majority placed heavy emphasis on the strong national, and diminished state, interest in presidential elections. Id. --- U.S. at ----, ----, ----, 103 S.Ct. at 1572, 1577, 1579, 75 L.Ed.2d at 561, 567, 569. The opinion contains language suggesting that generally applicable, evenhanded measures restricting ballot access to candidates making a preliminary showing of substantial support are not "constitutionally-suspect." Id. --- U.S. at ---- & n. 9, 103 S.Ct. at 1569 & n. 9, 75 L.Ed.2d at 557 & n. 9. This, in turn, appears to militate against application of the strict scrutiny test to measures of that particular variety. Moreover, in articulating overall standards for review of alleged unconstitutionally restrictive election regulations generally, the Court did not expressly invoke the strict scrutiny test. Rather, it directed that there first be considered "the character and magnitude of the asserted injury" to constitutionally protected rights; the next step was to "identify and evaluate the precise interests" of the state asserted as justifications for the burdens imposed by its rule, determining "the legitimacy and strength of each" such interest and "the extent to which those interests make it necessary to burden the plaintiff's rights." Finally, decision was to be reached "[o]nly after weighing all these factors." Id. --- U.S. at ----, 103 S.Ct. at 1570, 75 L.Ed.2d at 558 (emphasis added). However, the Court noted that "[t]he results of this evaluation will not be automatic; as we have recognized, there is 'no substitute for the hard judgments that must be made.' " Id. (quoting Storer ).
We conclude from these decisions that the strict scrutiny test is likely not applicable in determining whether a given level of popular support, required by the state as a condition of candidate ballot access, is too high to meet constitutional standards. We note that the Tenth Circuit appears to have reached essentially the same conclusion in Arutunoff v. Oklahoma State Election Bd., 687 F.2d 1375, 1380 (10th Cir.1982), cert. denied, --- U.S. ----, 103 S.Ct. 1892, 77 L.Ed.2d 282 (1983). For the reasons previously stated, if the strict scrutiny test is likely inapplicable to such a requirement where it operates to deny a candidate any access to the ballot, then it would seem evident that it would be inapplicable where the requirement does not deny ballot access at all but only designation of candidate party affiliation. See also Mathers v. Morris, 515 F.Supp. 931, 935-38 (D.Md.), aff'd, 649 F.2d 280 (4th Cir.) (per curiam), aff'd mem., 454 U.S. 934, 102 S.Ct. 467, 70 L.Ed.2d 241 (1981).
Concluding that the strict scrutiny test is inapplicable, we will attempt to apply the "weighing" process suggested in Anderson, recognizing, with it, that the "evaluation" is not automatic and that there is no substitute for the hard judgments that must be made. Though we agree that, particularly in this area, "each case must be resolved on its own facts," Arutunoff, 687 F.2d at 1379, nevertheless, as an inferior court, our "weighing" and "evaluation" must necessarily be informed by the substantive results in analogous decisions of the Supreme Court.
APPLICATION OF THE STANDARD
We are first enjoined to consider the "character and magnitude" of the asserted injury to appellants' constitutional rights. Putting this inquiry in slightly different terms, which we believe have the same substantive meaning but provide a more convenient framework for our analysis in this particular case: How high is the hill which appellants are asked to climb, and what sort of asserted injuries to their rights ensue if they are unable to climb it?
We initially consider the sort of injury which ensues. The rights in question under the First Amendment are to cast a meaningful vote for a candidate of one's choice and to meaningfully associate for the advancement of political beliefs. Anderson, --- U.S. at ----, 103 S.Ct. at 1569, 75 L.Ed.2d at 557. Under the equal protection clause there is also the right not to be subjected to invidious or irrational discrimination in respect to these interests. Williams. Here, any injury to any of these rights is minor, indirect and remote. As previously discussed, Libertarians and other supporters of Dart had full opportunity to vote for him, and to have their vote counted equally, and Dart's candidacy was available as a rallying point for like-minded citizens. Further, the ballot's omission of the designation "Libertarian" by Dart's name, while listing "Democrat" by the name of each of his four opponents, resulted not from any invidious or irrational discrimination, but rather from neutral criteria of general and evenhanded application, criteria which Jenness and related decisions indisputably establish are rationally and legitimately related to distinctions which the state may make between political parties in its "recognition" or treatment of them. See Bullock, 405 U.S. at 147, 92 S.Ct. at 858 ("distinguishing between political parties on the basis of success in prior elections" is permissible); Anderson, --- U.S. at ---- n. 9, 103 S.Ct. at 1570 n. 9, 75 L.Ed.2d at 557 n. 9.
Perhaps the inability of a candidate affiliated with a "minor" party to have the ballot designate his party affiliation, while the respective party affiliations of candidates affiliated with "major" parties do appear on the ballot, diminishes the former's chances of success in any given election. If this were true to any really significant extent, the lack of party designation might arguably be said to impair the ability to cast a meaningful vote, or to meaningfully associate for the enhancement of political beliefs. But the truth of such a proposition is by no means self-evident, and there is no evidence in this record, and appellants point to no recognized literature or facts of common knowledge, so demonstrating. The 1980 presidential election results in Louisiana (see note 19, supra ), in which apparently Anderson ran simply as an "Independent" and the four "minor" and two "major" party candidates ran under their respective party names (see note 18, supra ), do not so suggest, as Anderson had the third highest vote total, with well over twice the vote of the highest "minor" party candidate. It is certainly not obvious that designation of affiliation with a party that has been unable to register as many as five percent of the registered voters will be helpful to a candidate. Moreover, except in presidential elections, the Louisiana ballot designation of a candidate's party affiliation does not indicate that the candidate has been selected by or has the support of that party or any of its members (other than the candidate). Hence, the "undesignated" candidate is not labeled as lacking all organizational support or as having less than any other candidate. And the ballot is not structured as a race between parties which the "minor" parties are not allowed to enter. It is a candidate ballot, the only significance of which is the election of individual candidates, not party nominees as such. Perhaps over a period of time a "minor" party would benefit from the "exposure" attendant to having its name appear on the ballot, but this is wholly speculative. The effect might be just the opposite, as with the perennially losing candidate. The Court observed in Anderson that every electoral regulation "inevitably affects--at least to some degree--the individual's right to vote and his right to associate with others for political ends," but plainly implied that this factor alone did not constitute a regulation or burden "constitutionally-suspect." --- U.S. at ----, 103 S.Ct. at 1569, 75 L.Ed.2d at 557. We conclude that any injury to the Libertarian Party members' ability to effectively vote and associate for political purposes, arising from the Party's failure to be "recognized" under Louisiana law, is at most indirect, attenuated and slight.
Is the hill appellants have been asked to climb too high? Since, as we have noted, the decisions of the Supreme Court clearly recognize that a state may properly condition party ballot recognition on "some preliminary showing of a significant modicum of support," Jenness 403 U.S. at 442, 91 S.Ct. at 1976, this question becomes essentially one of degree. Louisiana allows "recognition" on the basis of either five percent of the vote cast at the last presidential election or registered affiliation of not less than five percent of total registration. Support at the level of five percent of total registration would not appear to be excessive, as that was the figure sustained in Jenness. No subsequent decision of the Supreme Court has questioned the soundness of this holding in Jenness, and Jenness has been cited with approval in regard to its "some preliminary showing of a significant modicum of support" holding in a host of subsequent Supreme Court ballot access cases. See Bullock, 405 U.S. at 147, 92 S.Ct. at 858; Storer, 415 U.S. at 738, 94 S.Ct. at 1283; American Party, 415 U.S. at 782 n. 14, 789, 94 S.Ct. at 1307 n. 14, 1310; Illinois State Board of Elections, 440 U.S. at 185, 99 S.Ct. at 990; Anderson, --- U.S. at ---- n. 9, 103 S.Ct. at 1570 n. <|fim_middle|> right: "American Independent Party"; "Citizens Party"; "Independent"; "Libertarian"; and "Socialist Workers Party." Appellants have made no complaint, here or below, as to the method of the Libertarian Party's listing on the 1980 presidential ballot, or the format of that ballot, or the requirements for appearing thereon.
In the 1980 election Ronald Reagan, the Republican candidate, received 792,853 votes, or approximately 51.2 percent of the votes. Jimmy Carter, the Democratic candidate, received 708,453 votes, or approximately 45.7 percent of the votes. John R. Barick, presidential candidate for the American Independent Party, received 10,333 votes, or approximately .67 percent of the votes. Barry Commoner of the Citizen's Party received 1,584 votes, or .1 percent of the total votes cast. Running as an independent, John B. Anderson received 26,345 votes, or approximately 1.7 percent of the votes. And Louisiana voters cast 783 votes, or .05 percent of the votes, for Clifton DeBerry, of the Socialist Workers Party
The witness so testifying, called by the Libertarian Party and a member of its Louisiana State Central Committee, also stated that according to his information "there are approximately 600 Libertarians" in Louisiana
The statewide September 1981 voter registration statistics, broken down by parishes, which the Libertarian Party procured from the Secretary of State's office and offered in evidence, showed total registration, divided into Democrats, Republicans and "other," the latter category including all who registered as affiliated with any party other than Democratic or Republican as well as those who declared no party affiliation. Testimony showed that the local voting registrars kept totals on all the other declared party registrations separately by party, and that the Secretary of State was able to procure this information from the local voting registrars on request, but that the information was not routinely furnished to the Secretary of State. The Director of Voter Registration in the Secretary of State's office testified that he had made a spot check of parishes having in total approximately 600,000 registered voters, and that these had less than one half of one percent registered Libertarians (his testimony is somewhat unclear in that he also stated the total number of Libertarian registrants found in these parishes was, so far as he could remember, "about 80"; 80 would be about thirteen one thousandths of one percent, .00013 expressed as a fraction, of 600,000). Appellants admitted on oral argument that the Libertarian Party's statewide registration did not exceed 600. This would be three one hundredths of one percent, or .0003 expressed as a fraction, of the 1,942,941 total registration
The statewide "other" registered voter category, reflected by the above-referenced statistics, amounted to 6.07 percent (.0607) of the total registered voters; in only one of Louisiana's sixty-four parishes was it as much as 10 percent (in St. Tammany Parish the 5,778 "other" registrants amounted to 10.7 percent of the total); in forty of the parishes it was less than five percent of the total; Orleans Parish, which had the highest total registration (237,499) likewise had the highest number in the "other" category (16,047, or 6.8 percent).
Appellants also argue, as they did below, that the State has made it impossible for the Libertarian Party to achieve five percent voter registration because the registrars refuse the requests of Libertarian voter registrants to indicate their party affiliation on the registration records. The only evidence offered in support of this claim was the testimony of the witness Brisbin who stated that this had once happened to him when he registered to vote, at an unspecified time, in Jefferson Parish. There is no evidence that this incident was ever reported to anyone. This witness also testified that "other members of the Libertarian Party ... had the same experience," but he did not say how many were involved or when or where the incidents occurred or whether they were ever reported; he then admitted he was not present at any such incident involving any other voter registrant, and was only repeating what he had been told, and the district court thereupon properly ruled this aspect of Brisbin's testimony was inadmissible hearsay. The State Director of Voter Registration, Bruder, testified he never heard of any such incident as related by Brisbin, that voters were not barred nor in any way restricted from registering as affiliated with the Libertarian Party and that he knew of no activities by election officials which could impede State recognition of the Libertarian Party. It is evident from the district court's opinion that it credited Bruder's testimony, and its decision to do so is not clearly erroneous. Fed.R.Civ.P. 52(a). Moreover, Brisbin's single claimed experience in Jefferson Parish, occurring at some unspecified time and not shown to have been reported to anyone, is obviously an insufficient basis on which to strike down the Louisiana statutory scheme for recognition of political parties, assuming that scheme is otherwise valid. Nor does such an incident serve as a basis for setting aside the 1982 New Orleans City Council election. Moreover, appellants did not request any character of injunctive (or other) relief against any Jefferson Parish officials to require them to comply with the Louisiana Election Code, under the terms of which any eligible voters desiring to do so are clearly entitled to be registered as affiliated with the Libertarian Party
The ultimate result in McLain is not necessarily at variance with that reached here, as the substantive analysis in McLain focused on the combination of the early petition filing deadline and the "relatively high signature requirement," id. at 1164, and stressed "the importance of the interplay between the statutory signature requirement and the filing deadline ...." Id. at 1169. Indeed, the Court noted "that a relatively high signature requirement may be constitutionally acceptable when coupled with an opportunity to approach voters for signatures at a date less remote from the general election...." Id. Here, no timing complaint is made in respect to the five percent of registered voter alternative. In regard to the five percent of votes at the last presidential election alternative, while such a requirement might prove a timing problem in a case like McLain (where the party in question was not formed until the summer of 1978 and the election in question was November 1978), here the Libertarian Party fielded candidates for President and Vice President in November 1980, and no claim is made of any substantial relevant change between that time and the applicable December 1981 qualification period. Further, McLain also found discrimination against minor party candidates in ballot position, id. at 1165-67, which is not present here
Other than presidential electors, as to whom no complaint is made
While this language might imply that the requirement would be unconstitutional if there were any reasonably diligent candidate who could not meet it, we agree with Professor Tribe that such is an incorrect reading: "The rest of the Storer opinion, however, leaves no doubt that the Court is referring to a reasonably diligent candidate who has a fair amount of popular support." L. Tribe, American Constitutional Law (1978), 783 n. 33. This is further confirmed by the statement in American Party, of which Justice White was also the author, that "... what is demanded may not be so excessive or impractical as to be in reality a mere device to always, or almost always, exclude parties with significant support from the ballot." 415 U.S. at 783, 94 S.Ct. at 1307 (emphasis added)
See, e.g., Illinois State Board of Elections v. Socialist Workers Party, supra; Jackson v. Ogilvie, 325 F.Supp. 864 (N.D.Ill.), aff'd mem, 403 U.S. 925, 91 S.Ct. 2247, 29 L.Ed.2d 705 (1971); Mandel v. Bradley, 432 U.S. 173, 97 S.Ct. 2238, 53 L.Ed.2d 199 (1977)
We do not regard Williams as being to the contrary. There, the focus was clearly on the totality of the barriers. Indeed, in Williams the American Independent Party met the fifteen percent of the vote in the previous election requirement (which would be equivalent to about eight percent of registered voters, if 53 percent of those registered voted)
While the evidence shows that only the Democratic and Republican Parties, and, some years ago, the States Rights Party, have met the Louisiana requirements for "recognition," there is no showing of the effort in this regard, if any, made by any other party, or that any "unrecognized" party had ever demonstrated in any manner, whether by the vote received by candidates it supported, its number of registered voters, petitions, claimed membership or otherwise, any significant measure of popular support. See note 25, supra. The highest "minor" party level support which the record shows is the two thirds of one percent vote received by the American Party in the 1980 presidential election (John Anderson, running as an Independent, received 1.7 percent). See note 19, supra
Except that one may not vote or run in an election for party (not governmental) offices or vote in a party's presidential preference primary unless one is registered as affiliated with that party thirty days before the election in question. See note 13, supra
It may be, for example, that in certain areas of North Carolina the Democratic primary was, in practical effect, the election, and that voting in such primary was restricted to those registered as Democrats. Voters who may have desired a minor party candidate to appear on the ballot for a particular statewide office might have been reluctant to sign such a petition out of fear that by doing so they might be effectively prevented from voting in the only "real" election, the Democratic primary, for local offices (though they could change their registration back, this would require extra effort, would appear to render their petition signature false and might present timing problems). Nothing comparable exists under the Louisiana system
We recognize that on presidential election ballots Louisiana has allowed designation of the party nominating the presidential candidate without requiring any significant showing of support for that party. See notes 15, 16 and 18, supra, and accompanying text. We do not consider that Louisiana is thereby obliged to apply the same scheme to the rest of its elections. The State may well have chosen the system it did for presidential voting to achieve greater uniformity with other states in such a truly national contest. This is certainly a legitimate consideration. See Anderson, --- U.S. at ----, ----, ----, 103 S.Ct. at 1572, 1577, 1579, 75 L.Ed.2d at 561, 567, 569. Additionally, the party of a presidential nominee might have significant support elsewhere in the nation, though not in Louisiana, the relevance of such out-of-state support for the candidate's party is obviously far greater in presidential than in state elections, and Louisiana voters would be more likely in presidential than in state elections to familiarize themselves with a party having significant support only out of state. The difficulty of measuring such out-of-state support for any given party may have influenced Louisiana in its decision to impose no significant level of support requirements for party name designation on the presidential ballot. Finally, Louisiana's presidential ballot--like that of most other states--is organized by parties. The portion of the ballot applicable to the presidential race consists only of party nominees and independents. In that circumstance, Louisiana may reasonably have felt it more appropriate to list the party name, even though the party had not demonstrated significant support, and more prejudicial to the party and candidate to refuse to do so, than in the case of Louisiana's other elections where no candidate appears on the ballot as or by virtue of being a party nominee
Appellants also suggest that a designation of political beliefs would serve any needed informational function as well as party affiliation, while avoiding any necessity to provide standards to party "recognition." We disagree. Ballot space and the time for a voter to consider what he or she sees on the ballot are necessarily severely limited. The simple reference to an existing political party which actually has significant public support carries far greater potential for imparting much more, and more accurate and relevant, information than does the potentially infinite variety of self-serving descriptions of political beliefs by which candidates might choose to describe themselves | 9, 75 L.Ed.2d at 557 n. 9. See also Lubin, 415 U.S. at 718-19, 94 S.Ct. at 1320-21; Clements, --- U.S. at ----, 102 S.Ct. at 2844, 73 L.Ed.2d at 517. Indeed, no Supreme Court decision has invalidated a ballot access requirement solely or even primarily on the ground that the required level of support--in terms of number or percentage of the vote or voterswas excessive.27 RATher, the critical focus seems to have been mainly on the provisions related to how the required level of support had to be demonstrated, such as the length of time allowed to collect signatures, the time at which the level of support had to be demonstrated, what citizens could be counted for that purpose, and the like. See e.g., Moore v. Ogilvie, supra; Illinois State Board of Elections, supra; Mandel v. Bradley, supra; Storer, supra. We recognize there are intimations in Storer, 415 U.S. at 739, 94 S.Ct. at 1283, that the Jenness level of support requirements may approach the maximum permissible for exclusion of candidates from the ballot. See also L. Tribe, American Constitutional Law (1978), 784 ("... requirements as high as five percent are not unconstitutional per se, but requirements substantially in excess of five percent probably are" (footnote omitted)). But here, the five percentage figure, whether applied to those voting in the last presidential election or to registered voters, is not greater than that approved in Jenness (five percent of those eligible to vote in the last election), and we hold that, of itself, it is not excessive.28 We are unable to find Louisiana constitutionally at fault for using five percent, instead of three percent or one percent, for purposes of its statutory scheme.
Appellants, however, also contend that the Louisiana recognition requirements are overly stringent in respects other than simply requiring too high a percentage level of support.
In this connection, appellants initially contend that both of the Louisiana recognition alternatives--that based on the previous presidential vote and that based on registered voters--are excessive because they are measured against statewide totals although their application is not confined to statewide elections, but extends to purely local elections as well, such as the municipal election in which Dart was a candidate. This, of course, was not the situation in Jenness, where the five percent standard was applied against the number eligible to vote in the last election for the particular office in question. As an abstract matter, we recognize there is considerable force in this particular contention of appellants, and much can be said for the proposition that Louisiana would be well advised to allow each of its five percent standards to be satisfied in the particular area where the election as to which a party desires to be "recognized" is held. Under such a system, if the Libertarian Party had polled five percent of the 1980 presidential vote cast in the New Orleans City Council, District B area, or if by December 1981 five percent of the registered voters in the New Orleans City Council, District B area were registered as Libertarians, then Dart would have been entitled to have "Libertarian" placed under his name on the ballot for the February 1982 New Orleans City Council, District B "primary" election. However, we decline to determine in this case whether Louisiana is constitutionally required to provide such a "localized" alternative to its standards for party "recognition." The evidence is quite clear that appellants would not in any parish come remotely close to meeting even a two percent requirement--whether applied to presidential vote or voter registration--and they do not contend otherwise, or that the Louisiana Libertarian Party would so much as approach qualification for "recognition," in New Orleans City Council, District B or anywhere else, under a "localization" of the Louisiana party recognition standards. Accordingly, although we do not pass on the abstract merits of appellants' contentions in this regard we do decline to reverse the judgment of the district court on any such basis. See Storer, 415 U.S. at 734, 94 S.Ct. at 1281 ("... neither Storer nor Frommhagen is in position to complain that the waiting period is one year, for each of them was affiliated with a qualified party no more than six months prior to the primary"); Broadrick v. Oklahoma, 413 U.S. 601, 609-16, 93 S.Ct. 2908, 2914-18, 37 L.Ed.2d 830 (1973); Arutunoff, 687 F.2d at 1380.
The Libertarian Party and Dart also attack the presidential vote alternative of Louisiana's party recognition requirements because it presents an insuperable barrier to any political party, no matter how great its popular support, which is either formed after the most recent presidential election or exists exclusively for the purpose of participating in State politics. However, the Libertarian Party fits neither of these classifications. It was formed well prior to the 1980 election and ran presidential and vice presidential candidates in that election who appeared on the ballot in Louisiana. Appellants do not contend, and none of the evidence suggests, that the Party, its purposes, level of support or relevant circumstances have materially changed since then, or that there is any reason to believe that it is prejudiced by these particular aspects of the presidential vote alternative. It would thus appear that appellants are in no position to complain of these asserted defects in the presidential vote alternative. Further, in any event the registered voter alternative remains available.
Appellants assert, however, that the registered voter alternative is overly burdensome because it is too difficult to persuade voters to change their registration. They point out that in Jenness the requirement was for petitions, not registration. We are not persuaded. Party affiliation registration or change thereof is not a burdensome procedure under Louisiana law, and it may be accomplished at any time. There are no limits on how frequently one may change registered party affiliation, nor any minimum time which must elapse between changes. Registered party affiliation does not affect the right to vote or run in any election29 or to sign nominating petitions for candidates. There is no evidence that procuring the requisite number of party registrants is significantly more difficult than procuring a like number of signatures of registered voters on a petition requesting party recognition. We observe that in Jenness all the signatures on the petitions had to have been executed within the six months next preceding the candidate filing deadline for the primaries. No such limitation on the length of time utilized to procure the requisite number of registered party affiliates exists under Louisiana law.
Appellants rely in this connection on N.C. Socialist Workers Party v. N.C. State Board of Elections, 538 F.Supp. 864 (E.D.N.C.1982), where the court held invalid a North Carolina ballot petition provision for minor party candidates requiring the petition to recite that those signing thereby directed that they be registered as affiliated with the party in question. The provision concerning registration was relatively new, and unrebutted evidence showed that while the plaintiff Socialist Workers Party had had no difficulty in meeting the petition requirements before the provision concerning its effect on the signer's registered affiliation came into force, thereafter the Party was "completely stymied" because of the resistance on the part of potential signers engendered by the new provision. No remotely comparable evidence exists in this case. Nor are we informed of the effects on a voter which North Carolina law attaches to his or her registered party affilia tion.30 More significantly, under the North Carolina system, the petitions were a means of ballot access for the candidates. Thus a voter was, in effect, required to join the Socialist Workers Party in order to be given the opportunity to vote for one of its candidates. As the court explained: "The restrictive effect is particularly serious in the case of the unaffiliated voter, one who desires to join no party .... [The provision burdens] the ability to vote effectively of persons who wish to consider the Party's candidates but do not wish to join the Party." N.C. Socialist Workers Party, 538 F.Supp. at 866. In Louisiana there is no such burden, for Louisiana's requirements, unlike those of North Carolina, do not restrict which candidate appears on the ballot, and unlike his North Carolina counterpart the Louisiana voter who is interested in voting for the candidate, but not in joining the party, has full opportunity to so vote, regardless of how many register as affiliated with the party. In Louisiana, it is only those who want to assure that the party name, in addition to the desired candidate, appears on the ballot, who need be concerned with whether the party has sufficient registrants. It does not seem unreasonable for Louisiana to provide that such concern be manifested by registered party affiliation.
Accordingly, we conclude that, as applied to appellants, the burdens placed upon them to avoid the asserted injuries to their rights are not excessive or unreasonably difficult, particularly in light of the relatively minor, remote and attenuated nature of the asserted injuries themselves. More simply put, the "character and magnitude" of the asserted injury is not severe, quantitatively or qualitatively.
We turn now to consideration of the State's interest asserted as justification for the "burdens" imposed on appellants. This interest is readily identified, namely the interest in avoiding "confusion" or "deception" in ballot content. The legitimacy and strength of this interest has been recognized in numerous decisions of the Supreme Court. Jenness, 403 U.S. at 442, 91 S.Ct. at 1976; Bullock, 405 U.S. at 145, 92 S.Ct. at 857 (interest in avoiding "voter confusion"); Lubin, 415 U.S. at 715, 94 S.Ct. at 1319 (interest in keeping ballots "understandable" is "of the highest order"); Storer, 415 U.S. at 732, 94 S.Ct. at 1280 (quoting Jenness ). While the particular ballot confusion or deception addressed in those cases was that which might arise from an excessive number of candidates appearing on the ballot, it appears obvious that those decisions rest on the broader principle that the state had a strong and legitimate interest in minimizing ballot-engendered voter confusion or deception generally, regardless of what it is about the ballot that causes it to have that potential.
It is evident that if candidate political "party" affiliation is to be designated on the ballot, the potential exists for voter confusion or deception unless there are some restrictions on what constitutes a political "party" for these purposes. A political party implies a relatively numerous group of people, associated together for common political purposes, with some sort of organization actively functioning in the political arena. For the state's ballot to represent that a candidate is affiliated with a particular political party, when in fact there is no such party in the commonly understood sense of the word, has the obvious potential for causing voter deception and confusion. Moreover, the quality and quantity of information actually imparted to voters by the designation of candidate party affiliation will to a significant extent vary with the degree to which the designated party is known to the voters, and a reasonable method by which to gauge such voter knowledge is the level of support which the party has achieved among the electorate. Indeed, no practical and equally effective alternative gauge suggests itself. Finally, just as an unrestricted proliferation of candidate names on the ballot may engender confusion or deception, so may an unrestricted proliferation of party names. And, requiring some preliminary showing of a significant modicum of support for a party before a candidate's affiliation with it is designated on the ballot is necessary to further the state's strong and legitimate interest in minimizing ballot confusion and deception in the same way as requiring such a showing respecting a candidate, before his name is listed on the ballot, is necessary to further such interests.31
Appellants suggest there is no need to have any party designation on the ballot, and that it is unimportant because the ballot's party designation does not imply any endorsement or support by the named party. We reject these contentions. Louisiana allows almost unrestricted candidate access to the ballot. While this openness subserves the interests which the First Amendment is designed to foster, it likewise, as the previously cited decisions recognize, has more of a tendency to produce voter confusion or deception than does a system which restricts candidates to those who have made some preliminary showing of a significant modicum of support. Some information about candidate affiliation with a party which has demonstrated a significant modicum of support will mitigate this tendency to greater voter confusion or deception which is the inevitable consequence of Louisiana's otherwise First Amendment enhancing "open" ballot. Further, the fact that Louisiana's electoral scheme gives no formal or structural significance to party nomination or endorsement tends to increase, rather than decrease, the need for some ballot information concerning party affiliation. But that party-related ballot information need not be so open ended or unrestricted as to itself engender confusion or deception.32 And, nothing in the Constitution forces Louisiana to choose between giving parties no recognition whatsoever or, on the other hand, giving them the major role in the formal electoral process that most other states do. Moreover, the less "importance" which is assigned to the ballot designation of candidate party affiliation, the less "prejudice" to appellants on account of the Libertarian Party not meeting the support qualifications required to be listed on the ballot as the "Party" with which a candidate is affiliated.
Weighing and evaluating the character and magnitude of the asserted injury to those interests of appellants which the First Amendment is designed to foster, the strength and legitimacy of Louisiana's interest asserted in justification of the burdens imposed, and the extent to which those interests necessitate such impositions, we conclude that the Louisiana statutes in question do not violate appellants' constitutional rights under either the First Amendment or the equal protection clause. Louisiana's standards for party recognition are high, indeed close to, or perhaps even marginally beyond, those which might be judged permissible were the consequences of failing to meet them significantly more severe, such as denial of candidate ballot access. But the consequences are not severe, and appellants' ability to exercise and enjoy their rights under the First Amendment are neither clearly, directly, nor significantly impaired. Though Louisiana treats the Libertarian Party differently from some other parties, it does so solely on the basis of neutral, evenhanded criteria of general applicability. It is not required to treat "things that are different as though they were exactly alike." Jenness, 403 U.S. at 442, 91 S.Ct. at 1976; Anderson, --- U.S. at ----, 103 S.Ct. at 1576, 75 L.Ed.2d at 565. These criteria and the treatment resulting from their application are reasonably calculated and important to the furtherance of strong and legitimate interests of the State. We do not suggest that Louisiana's electoral system would inevitably collapse in near total confusion and deception if its ballot did not designate any candidate's party affiliation, or if its requirements for ballot designation of candidate party affiliation were sufficiently lowered so that the Libertarian Party would qualify. However, we fail to perceive any significant injury to, or invidious treatment of, appellants under the Louisiana system. Louisiana has acted fairly to materially further, though perhaps not to a great degree, its strong and legitimate interests in reducing the potential for voter confusion and deception which its ballot might otherwise tend to engender. As applied to appellants, we find the Louisiana provisions in question to be constitutional. The judgment of the trial court is therefore affirmed.
Circuit Judge of the Eleventh Circuit, sitting by designation
Appellee Lombard, Clerk of the Criminal District Court for the Parish of Orleans, asserts that the district court should have granted his Fed.R.Civ.P. 12(b)(6) motion to dismiss the action against him for failure to state a claim upon which relief could be granted. He alleges that because the Secretary of State prepares and certifies the ballots, LSA-R.S. 18:551(A), the Clerk cannot be responsible for their organization and composition. Because Lombard failed, however, to file a cross-appeal on this issue, we are not at liberty to consider it. Champagne v. Chevron, U.S.A., Inc., 605 F.2d 934, 936 (5th Cir.1979)
The equal protection clause of the Louisiana Constitution, article 1, section 3, was intended to be a restatement of the equal protection clause of the United States Constitution. Our analysis of the appellants' federal protection claims is similarly applicable to the cause of action stated under the State Constitution. Burmaster v. Gravity Drainage District No. 2, 366 So.2d 1381, 1386 (La.1978)
Although this election is history, the case brought by Dart and the Libertarian Party is not moot. Because the Louisiana Election Code will affect candidates and parties in similar situations in future elections, this case presents a controversy "capable of repetition, yet evading review." Storer v. Brown, 415 U.S. 724, 737 n. 8, 94 S.Ct. 1274, 1282 n. 8, 39 L.Ed.2d 714 (1974) (citing Rosario v. Rockefeller, 410 U.S. 752, 756 n. 5, 93 S.Ct. 1245, 1249 n. 5, 36 L.Ed.2d 1 (1973)). Accord, Anderson v. Celebrezze, --- U.S. ----, ---- n. 3, 103 S.Ct. 1564, 1567 n. 3, 75 L.Ed.2d 547, 554-55 n. 3 (1983). The record does not show the results of the election, although it is evident that the parties have proceeded on the assumption that Dart lost and was not a candidate in any general election for the position
Section 461 of the Louisiana Election Code provides:
"A person who desires to become a candidate in a primary election shall qualify as a candidate by timely filing notice of his candidacy, which shall be accompanied either by a nominating petition or by the qualifying fee and any additional fee imposed. A candidate whose notice of candidacy is accompanied by a nominating petition shall not be required to pay any qualifying fee or any additional fee."
Section 463 A provides in part as follows:
"A. (1) A notice of candidacy shall be in writing and shall state the candidate's name; the office he seeks; the address of his domicile; the parish, ward, and precinct where he is registered to vote, and the political party, if any, with which he is registered as being affiliated. The candidate shall designate in the notice the form in which his name shall be printed on the ballot.... [B]ut he shall not designate a deceptive name.... (Emphasis added.)
"(2) The notice of candidacy also shall include a certificate, signed by the candidate, certifying that he has read the notice of his candidacy ... and that all of the statements contained in it are true and correct...."
Dart qualified by paying the applicable $250 fee. See Sec. 464 B(3). Provision is also made for "additional fees," not exceeding one half the amount of the regular filing fee, to be levied, by and for the benefit of the political party desiring to do so, on candidates "affiliated" with that party. Sec. 464 C. Neither the regular filing fee, nor the "additional" fee, is in any way at issue here
In Dart's case the number would have been one thousand, the figure applicable to municipal candidates in cities with 300,000 or more residents. Sec. 465 C(4) (fewer signatures are required in less populous cities). Other specified offices and their applicable signature requirements include: Congressman and State Supreme Court Justices, 1,000; Court of Appeal Justices, any officers elected throughout a judicial district, and State Senators, 500; State Representatives and any officers elected throughout a parish, 400; any officer elected throughout a ward, 100. Sec. 465 C(3). Offices not provided require one half of one percent of the number of registered voters in the area from which elected. Sec. 465 C(5). No filing fee or additional filing fee is applicable to candidates qualifying by nominating petition. Sec. 461
Signatures for nominating petitions for primary elections must be gathered in the 120-day period next preceding the opening of the qualifying period for the candidates. Sec. 465 B. The qualifying period lasts approximately a week, and, depending on the character of the election, closes (or at least did so during the years 1978 through 1982) as little as six or seven weeks, or as much as twelve or thirteen weeks, before the election day. Secs. 402, 467, 468. For the February 6, 1982 New Orleans City Council election, the candidate qualifying period closed December 18, 1981. Secs. 402 D, 467(4), 468.
The nominating petition requirements are not at issue here.
Although the nominating petition must state, as to the would-be candidate, "the political party with which he is affiliated, if any," no such information is required as to those signing the petition. Sec. 465 D
Special provision is made for calculation of "majority" when the election is to fill "two or more offices of the same character." Sec. 511 A. And, if at the end of the primary qualifying period no more candidates for an office have qualified than the number of persons to be elected thereto, those so qualifying are declared elected and do not appear on the primary ballot. Sec. 511 B
As a consequence, Dart's name appeared first on the primary ballot's listing of the five candidates for the office of Councilman, District B, City of New Orleans
A minor exception is made respecting candidates having the same surname, in which instance the incumbent, if any, is designated as such, and if there is no incumbent, the address of each is given. Sec. 551 C(1)
Section 441 concludes by stating:
"A party which receives more than five percent but less than ten percent of the votes cast in the last presidential election shall not be entitled to representation on a parish board of election supervisors."
This provision is not in issue here.
However, only those who have "registered to vote" thirty days or more before an election may vote in it. Secs. 521 A, 135 A
However, "candidates for membership on a political party committee may only be voted on by voters who are registered as being affiliated with the same political party as the candidates," and a designation or change of the voter's party affiliation is not effective for such purpose until thirty days after being made. Sec. 521 B. Further, in political party presidential preference primaries (held in April of each presidential year by parties with 40,000 or more registered voters, principally to bind their national convention delegates on the first presidential nomination ballot, Secs. 1280.21, 1280.27), "no elector may vote ... for a candidate or slate affiliated with a party in which the elector is not registered." Sec. 1280.25
Ballots for primary elections are to be distributed by the Secretary of State twenty-two days before the election. Sec. 552 A
No complaint has been made respecting the time at which the five percent of registered voters alternative test is to be met.
Five thousand voters would be approximately one quarter of one percent of the 1,942,941 voters who were registered in Louisiana in 1981
The filing fee method was apparently that by which the Libertarian Party candidates for president and vice president, and elector, got on the ballot in 1980. See Blanchard v. Brown, supra
It is unclear whether the 120-day period for collecting signatures applicable to primary election nominating petitions, see note 6, supra, is also applicable to nominating petitions for presidential electors. In any event, no complaint is made that it is overly difficult for a "minor" party to get its presidential and vice presidential and elector candidates on the ballot
It is unclear whether the statement of political principle is listed on the presidential ballot in the instance of candidates not of a recognized party who appear on the ballot by paying a filing fee, rather than by filing a nomination petition
There is no direct evidence of the format of the 1980 presidential ballot. However, a copy of the Secretary of State's 1980 presidential election proclamation is in evidence; and, if its format is similar to that of the ballot, it suggests that each of the seven presidential (and vice presidential) candidates was listed under his "party" name, the "Democratic Party" being listed in the far left-hand column, the "Republican Party" next, and then, continuing in order to the | 5,490 |
It's possible this motivated<|fim_middle|> heart! | you to try a mindfulness practice and carve out time to quiet your busy mind, but you still haven't yet found that calm and centered feeling you're seeking.
You might know what you're supposed to do to live in the moment but you're not sure if you're doing it right.
Eckhart Tolle the author of the best-selling books, "The Power of Now" and"A New Earth," explains that it's our thoughts that keep us from experiencing the present moment.
Confusing your thinking with your real self, says Tolle, is the definition of ego.
Ego is more than being selfish or arrogant or feeling superior. Ego is "the self-identification with the stream of thinking", and it's what prevents us from really experiencing the moment at hand.
How do you know when you're letting your thoughts and your ego get in the way of living in the present?
you're caught up in the belief that who you are is based on your external circumstances.
Author: Michael Weinberger is a dynamic and inspiring speaker frequently asked to speak on topics including Coping with Mental Illness and Addiction. He was diagnosed with Bipolar disorder in 1994 and has learned how to not only cope, but to thrive while living with his illness. Michael teaches individuals how to adjust their mindset to be mindful and grateful for everything their life! Michael is the founder and creator of A Plan For Living (sign up for the free app), a digital mindfulness manager and wellness platform. Everyone has problems and Michael's approach helps people apply gratitude, spirituality and mindfulness to their daily lives. A grateful heart is a happy | 327 |
DePaul University Newsline > Sections > DeBuzz > My Brilliant Pen Pal: Event-by-mail from the DePaul Humanities Center
My Brilliant Pen Pal: Event-by-mail from the DePaul Humanities Center
By DePaul Humanities Center / May 3, 2021 / Posted in: DEBUZZ / Twitter / Facebook
The newest DHC pen pals are Nikki Giovanni, a renowned poet, and Jennifer Trosper, a scientist at NASA.
At a time when electronic communication has all but replaced postal mail, the DePaul Humanities Center invites faculty, staff and students to push aside the virtual, open their mailboxes and celebrate the pleasure of reading words and thoughts of a pen pal arriving on paper.
This season's pen pals are Nikki Giovanni and Jennifer Trosper. Giovanni is a poet and National Book Award finalist. Trosper is an aerospace engineer, NASA scientist and Mars Perseverance Mission manager. The deadline to register for the program is Friday, May 7.
Giovanni is an essayist and University Distinguished Professor at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Among the collections she has published are three "New York Times" and "Los Angeles Times" best sellers, a rare distinction among poets. Giovanni has practiced an explicitly Black po<|fim_middle|> DHC prepaid postcard. The DHC will collect responses, passing along a selection to the pen pal. Everyone will receive a copy of the pen pal's response, thus closing the correspondence.
Register to correspond with Giovanni here. Register to correspond with Trosper here. More information about the program and registration is available on the DHC website. | etics throughout her career and was involved with the Black Arts Movement from its inception. She has been involved in activism throughout her career. A seven-time recipient of the NAACP Image Award and the first recipient of The Rosa Parks Women of Courage Award, Giovanni was named one of "25 Living Legends" by Oprah Winfrey.
Trosper grew up in rural Ohio listening to her father's stories of working in the space industry in the 1950s. At MIT she earned a degree in aerospace engineering while minoring in music, eventually beginning her career at NASA JPL in 1990. She began her work with the Mars Exploration Program on the Pathfinder mission and has since worked on the Odyssey and Curiosity missions and the Mars Exploration Rover Project. She currently is the deputy project manager for Mars 2020 and project missions manager for the Perseverance rover, which landed on the Martian surface in February. On April 19, she led the mission's Ingenuity helicopter in the first-ever powered flight on a world beyond Earth.
Once registered for the program, you will receive a letter from your new pen pal written specifically for this event. You may then write back with a question or comment, using a | 251 |
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Our specialized industry knowledge and the experience of our underwriting team allows us to create programs to meet your specific needs. Our intimate knowledge of your customer's business combined with our underwriting experience means you'll always get a product that provides complete protection | 127 |
Palazzo Mocenigo is located in the Santa Croce Sestiere, Venice, and hosts the Mocenigo Museum. Mocenigo is the name of a noble and prominent Venetian family, who lived here until 1945. Their last member left it to Venice making sure for it to become a museum. Since 1980s it hosts the Study Centre for the History of Textiles and Costumes and since 2013 it was renovated to accommodate 5 new rooms dedicated to the history of perfume in Venice.
The Portego. It is called Portico but it is actually a reception hall. The main paintings on the walls represent members of the Mocenigo family along with the sovereigns they served (as ambassadors). Above the doors you can see portraits of the 7 Mocenigo Doges.
Past the monumental white portal, the tour of the rooms begins. You can quietly walk from room to room admiring exquisite tapestries, different paintings (mainly regarding family delegations, family members but there are also religious or mythological scenes), eighteenth-century varnished furniture, Murano glass objects, wooden or frescoed ceilings and sparkling chandeliers. Some of the displayed objects are original of the Palace, others were brought here form the collections of Correr Museum or Ca' Rezzonico. If you want to learn more about it, you can read my post regarding Ca' Rezzonico.
In room 5 there's a painting representing a naval battle between corsairs and Venetians guided by Zaccaria Mocenigo. He chose to set his vessel on fire and die rather than fall into enemies hands.
In room 8 you can see some 18th century suits and gowns, embellished by refined floral decorations.
In room 10 I liked very much the paintings by Antonio Stom, referring to the visit of Violante Beatrice di Baviera (wife of Ferdinando de' Medici) in Venice, received by the Mocenigos. They are very fariy-tale like. And look at the details!
Room 11 displays many waistcoats and their exquisite embroidery works.
Starting from room 13 the exhibit is dedicated to perfume. I admit I'm not a perfume fan, I own a tiny bottle of Amor Amor by Cacharel (which I wear only from time to time) and a 1999 bottle of Lou Lou de Cacharel, which I'm religiously conserving cause Lou Lou is not for sale anymore. I know, many persons dislike it for its peculiar fragrance. But I love it. Besides it is also a memory to me, a memory of my adolescence. Yeah, I'm that nostalgic. Sigh. I wear a spray of it only for highly important occasions, so basically never (1 or 2 times per year). Therefore I think I can manage to keep it all my life, hopefully. My precioussss.
Anyway, in room 13 you can watch a funny video (alternately in Italian, French and English) explaining the history of perfume in Venice since Middle Ages. I enjoyed watching it and I suggest you to do the same. I knew nothing about perfume and I learnt many things.
In the other rooms you will see raw materials used for perfume productions, ancient perfume bottles, distillation tools, some monitors where you can learn the perfume extraction techniques (enflourage for example, used for flowers), a perfumer's organ and most of all a room where you can smell different scents sniffing perfume bottles caps.
I learnt that there are different olfactory groups: Fougère family (lavender for example), Citrus (bergamot, orange, lemon and so on), Floral (I only remember the rose), Oriental (musk, vanilla, etc), Woody (such as sandal or cedar wood).
Sniffing here and there I found out I'm fond of these scents: cinnamon, vanilla, cloves and nutmeg. So basically Christmas biscuits. I was happy to smell those things because… ah<|fim_middle|>. It smells delicious but the scent doesn't last long. Probably because I didn't use preservatives.
To reach the "piano nobile" you must climb the staircase (a stairlift is to be installed) and the toilets are not wheelchair-accessible.
Beautiful little rooms full of refined furniture and décor.
18th century tapestries and gowns.
Every room has an explanatory sheet in Italian, English, French and… I don't remember anymore but I think there were other languages.
The costumes are beautiful but they are only a few, it is definitely not a costumes museum. Moreover are mainly men suits (and you can admire them only from a distance and not very close).
The explanatory sheets are not very detailed. There are for example not many information about some of the objects and no information at all about the Mocenigo family (but you can find some on a panel at the entrance of the Museum).
In conclusion I liked the Museum, both for the furniture and rooms and for the perfume exhibition. It was neat, not long to visit, the video was funny. Therefore I'd say it is wortha visit for those who appreciate perfume and wants to see the interior of a Venetian palace. | ah ah I was about to write "I'm a very smelly person"… what I actually mean is that I'm an "olfactory person". I always smell everything: rooms, clothes, food and drinks before put them in my mouth, books (some of them smell very good), etc. Next to the Ticket Office there is also a small perfume shop.
But after this visit I decided to try and create my own perfume bottle, I'll let you know if I succeed or not! (In the meantime, yes, I did it. I created my own perfume using vodka (I know, it is strange, but I read so online. I finally opened the vodka bottle our half Russian friend Ivan gave us before leaving for London… in 2012), cinnamon, nutmeg and vanilla natural extracts | 165 |
Just goes to show<|fim_middle|> emotional payoff — right as the music hits its stirring crescendo. | that you can get raw, honest emotion into ads and change the way brands are perceived without having to conform to the generic or the expected. One of the people I sent this to actually cried, really great stuff from Bell's.
Bell's whisky just released a heartwarming new commercial that is, by our estimation, the most inspiring ad of the new year.
The ad tells the story of a graying South African man who, despite his advanced age, is determined to learn how to read. Viewers see the man look longingly at a bookstore display case before an incredible montage documenting his tireless journey.
We follow the protagonist as he takes the first steps toward literacy, learning the alphabet in an adult education class and labeling the items in his kitchen. Later, we see the man struggle to achieve his goal, as the camera captures nights spent outside reading by porchlight and the confused look that follows a mistake in a game of Scrabble.
Slowly but surely, the man's reading improves, and the ad delivers its extraordinary | 207 |
Time to talk about Singapore! We were fortunate enough to not have to do any planning, so we<|fim_middle|> to try was bak kut teh, but instant will do for now. Until next time! I look forward to coming back again in the next few years. Thanks for reading! | had a great time seeing all the sights and trying the great food!
We landed in Singapore early evening, just in time for dinner at Hua Yu Wee. I loved the Salted Fish Fried Rice, Drunken Prawns, Black Pepper Crab, and Chili Crab! The restaurant was very lively, and all the food was delicious. It was really impressive Chinese food! Afterwards, we went on a drive to admire the nighttime scenery, including the beautiful streets of Little India.
Day 2 - The day we had 6 meals!
We started the day with our first meal, Laksa at Sungei Road Laksa at Gourmet Street. This has got to be the best laksa I have ever had, as it was my first time having the authentic version. It was delicious and very spicy!
Our second meal was at Lai Wah Restaurant, where we had Chinese food, such as Roasted Chicken and Venison (deer meat) Fried Hor Fun. The deer was delicious (sorry to my friends in Nara, Japan!) and tasted just like beef. It was very impressive!
Our third meal was at Victor's Kitchen in Sunshine Plaza, where we enjoyed some dim sum dishes such as xiao long bao and siu mai. We also got to try some delicious speciality items, such as the Golden Egg Yolk Lava Bun and Golden Crispy Yam Bun.
We made our way to a shopping area on Orchard Road, which had multiple shopping centers that were connected. I loved the "LOVE" sculpture and the gorgeous architecture of the shopping center! This was where we had our fourth meal, which was snacking in the food court at Ion Orchard. I was surprised to find here the famous Taiwanese franchise, Hot Star Fried Chicken! We enjoyed the savory and spicy chicken with some milk tea with golden bubbles from KOI Cafe. I will definitely keep an eye out if KOI Cafe ever opens one in the U.S.!
After all the snacking, we headed up to our fifth meal destination, Paradise Dynasty, which served Michelin-star quality dumplings. We tasted the rainbow with 8 flavors (they must be eaten in this order too!): Original, Ginseng, Foie Gras, Black Truffle, Cheesy, Crab Roe, Garlic, and Szechuan. I loved all of them but my favorite was Cheesy and Garlic! We took a break from the eating to visit Ion Sky, which was on Level 56 of the building, where we took in the views of the city. We could even see Malaysia from here!
The sixth meal was at Soup Restaurant at a mall called VivoCity. What stood out for me was the Samsui Ginger Chicken! It was really delicious and very unique! We ended our meals of the day with some Blackball Taiwanese Dessert. They did not have many shaved ice versions of the desserts like in the U.S., but it pretty much tasted the same.
We woke up to some rain, which I thought would help cool things down among all the humidity here, but it was still quite humid! We started out with some delicious and strong coffee, and we headed out to Zhong Yu Yuan Wei Wanton Mee, which sold wonton soup, as well as wonton noodles with pork! The meat is called "bu jian tian" char siu (the part of the pork that translates to the part that "never sees the sky", AKA, pig armpit). It was so soft, tender and fatty! If I could, I would have sat there the whole day eating that stuff! Afterwards, we headed to Chinatown to 168 CMY Satay for some mutton and beef satay. We finished the meal with new favorite breakfast: kaya toast, milk tea and coffee. I completely fell in love with this kind of breakfast here, since I enjoy the strong coffee and the kaya toast, which is toast with kaya (coconut jam) and butter.
We were surprised with a one-night stay at the famous Marina Bay Sands! It was a very unique and memorable part of this trip, as not many people can say they have ever stayed there. We left our luggage in the hotel and we explored the shops, the views, the outdoor swimming pool, the observation deck, and even 7 Eleven, where we snacked on some pandan rolls and Thai flavor Lays potato chips.
In the late afternoon, we paid a visit to Gardens by the Bay to explore the Cloud Forest exhibit. It was breathtaking to see this greenhouse-like glass dome, with its indoor waterfall and vegetation. We were able to access the top of the "mountain" and descend to take in the sights and enjoy the cool, moist temperatures. It was truly a worthwhile experience this!
Our day ended with a visit to Boon Tong Kee for Chinese food. I loved the fish filet, hainan chicken, and fried tofu! We then went to the Lau Pa Sat Festival Market for some beer, teh tarik (pulled tea, video below), bandung (rose syrup milk drink), satay, sting ray, and squid! It was pretty fun to experience a night market in Asia. It had been a long time since I last experienced it!
This video portrays the "pulled tea", called teh tarik, which is a hot Indian milk tea beverage. It tasted equivalent to chai tea, which I always enjoy ordering in the U.S.
Day 4 - Sentosa and more eats!
We had a great stay at Marina Bay Sands. I woke up for the sunrise and the peaceful and beautiful views. Before we checked out, we went downstairs to try some nasi lemak at 1983 A Taste of Nanyang. The nasi lemak is characterized by fragrant coconut rice, and it paired so well with fried chicken and salted fish! We also enjoyed some more bandung here. I can never resist a pretty drink!
After we checked out, we headed to Sentosa to explore and walk around. Sentosa was where a lot of main attractions were, such as Universal Studios, Dolphin Island, and S.E.A. Aquarium. We ran out of time to see any of the attractions, but I did a lot of window-shopping and browsing; we also enjoyed a Mango Peach Chiller from McDonald's and explored the Candylicious shop!
Our next stop was another Michelin rated restaurant: Tai Hwa Pork Noodle. The pork noodle bowl (Bak Chor Mee) had minced pork, sliced pork, liver, meatballs, wontons, and salted fish. It was very delicious but it was a one time try for me, as it had too much going on; I guess I grew to appreciate the simpler dishes during my stay here. We stopped by Snip Avenue for a $4.80 haircut and then went to two more eating stops to finish up the evening. We got some awesome fish and chips take-out from Long John Silver's, and roti prata from Ariff's Restaurant. I chose the most unique looking roti prata, called the Cone Thosai. The curries that came with it were so savory! I am a big fan of curry and enjoyed trying authentic roti prata for the first time.
We ended our last night in Singapore with a drive around the Singapore River, which included some great views such as the Cavenagh Bridge, the Fullerton Hotel, Marina Bay Sands, the Esplanade (the Durian buildings), the ArtScience Museum, the Merlion, and the Victoria Theatre and Concert Hall. I truly appreciated the architecture of the buildings here and admired the tremendous efforts Singapore has made into beautifying and maintaining these landmarks. It was a great way to end our visit to Singapore!
Day 5 - Back to the U.S.!
We got up early to go to the beautiful Sinapore Changi Airport, and grabbed some breakfast at Wang Cafe, which was perfect for our last meal in Singapore: coffee, kaya toast, and nasi lemak. We were supposed to fly from Singapore to Tokyo, then Tokyo to the U.S. Unfortunately the first flight got delayed by an hour, which affected the second flight. Japan Airlines happily booked us on a flight through Singapore Airlines so we could return home. I felt so fortunate to have an opportunity to fly through Singapore Airlines, since I have only heard great things about them! The plane was a double decker airbus, and it was also where I got to try my first Singapore Sling!
Singapore was a very fun treasure hunt to try all the authentic Singapore food I wanted to try. The only thing I did not get | 1,771 |
Permanent Mission of Finland to the UN, New York
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Finland and UN
Conflict Prevention and Crisis Management
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Reform of the UN
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Residence and premises
Permanent Mission of Finland to the United Nations<|fim_middle|> living conditions in conflict areas by lending support to peace processes and strengthening the legal system of the target country, including efforts to fight impunity. Strengthening of the UN's internal cooperation and coordination mechanisms will be continued.
In the UN, Finland is well known for advocating the principle of the rule of law. Finland strives to promote and strengthen the UN's efforts to advance the rule of law by supporting the Rule of Law Coordination and Resource Group, set up within the UN Secretariat. This includes financial support for the group, at least in the initial phase. In the activities to promote the rule of law, better coordination within the UN as well as good cooperation with external actors are considered important both at Headquarter level and particularly in the field.
Finland considers it important that development of the rule of law is addressed, in particular, in the work of the PBC and PBF. The legal mechanisms, applied during transition periods, and consolidation of the rule of law are, in Finland's opinion, critical rerequisites for sustainable peace and development. Support for consolidation of the internal cooperation and coordination mechanisms of the UN should be continued.
It is natural for Finland to play an active role in promoting good governance and efforts against corruption. Finland supports the development and implementation of the monitoring mechanism of the UN Convention Against Terrorism.
Finland Abroad is a website provided by the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland and Finland's missions abroad.
Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland |
Permanent Representatives
Suomen kansainvälisen ihmisoikeuspolitiikan tavoitteena on, osana laajan turvallisuuden edistämistä, vaikuttaa ihmisoikeustilanteen tosiasialliseen paranemiseen eri maissa.
Finland's international human rights policy, as an element of efforts to promote comprehensive security, strives to bring about improvements in the human rights situation in different countries. Its foundation rests in the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights, human rights conventions and internationally binding human rights documents, premised on the equal implementation of rights irrespective of ethnic origin, gender, age, religion, opinion, sexual orientation or some other comparable reason. Democracy is promoted and the structures and processes of international law are strengthened to safeguard human rights.
Finland stresses the importance of multilateral cooperation, well-functioning institutions and international rule of law in responding to global threats. Finland supports the development international law and strengthening the means to implement it in the activities of the UN.
Finland aims to have human rights mainstreamed in all UN activities. This means that a human rights based approach is incorporated in all activities conducted in the UN and between its agencies. Finland supports and strives, in particular, to promote the rights of women, children, minorities, indigenous peoples and persons with disabilities. Finland also pays special attention to the prevention of multiple discrimination. In addition to fostering civil and political rights, Finland actively advocates economic, social and cultural rights.
Finland aims to contribute to the enhancement of the functioning of the UN Human Rights Council so that it would be able to intervene, at any time, even without the permission of the state in question, in situations where human rights have been violated. Similarly, efforts are made to devise new working methods and to ensure that the Council's activities bring added value. Finland's goal is to clarify the roles of the Human Rights Council and the Third Committee of the UN General Assembly in promoting human rights at global level.
Finland supports the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights and considers further reinforcing of the independent position of the High Commissioner important. Finland supports the High Commissioner's objectives to shift priority from the creation of norms to their implementation. The share of the regular budget appropriations allocated to the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) should be increased considerably.
Finland considers it important that regional human rights agreements further advance the human rights norms laid down by the UN. Moreover, it is essential to keep in mind that regional organisations promoting human rights are complementary to already established UN norms. In the promotion of human rights education, Finland supports close cooperation between the UN agencies and regional actors.
Decent work is an indispensable element of human rights. Finland aims to promote the fundamental human rights of workers (i.a. the prevention of child and forced labour, freedom of association and equality in working life) as well as the right to safe and healthy working conditions.
Strengthening International Law
Finland participates actively in the creation of a more comprehensive network of international agreements and contributes to the codification and progressive development of international law by participating in the work of the UN General Assembly Legal Committee (VI Committee), the UN International Law Commission and the specialised agencies. Finland also strives to promote the widest possible ratification and effective implementation of multilateral conventions. To safeguard the integrity of multilateral conventions, Finland consistently objects to reservations to human rights conventions which are in conflict with the object and purpose of these conventions. Finland calls for more universal acknowledgement of the jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice, safeguarding of its operating prerequisites and reinforcement of other peaceful arbitration mechanisms.
Fighting impunity for the most serious international crimes is one of the priorities of Finland's policies in the UN. Finland supports the work of the International Criminal Court (ICC) and other international war crimes tribunals. The UN's role in promoting the universality of the ICC should be strengthened. Cooperation between the ICC and the UN should be reinforced, and the work of other international war crimes tribunals completed in an appropriate way.
Rule of Law and Good Governance
Promotion of the principle of the rule of law is one of the priorities of Finland's UN policy, cutting across many policy areas. Post-crisis cooperation must focus, in particular, on the stabilisation of | 872 |
This thesis is a<|fim_middle|> spectral phase conjugation. Chapter 6 and 7 establish the connection between classical spectral phase conjugation and quantum coincident frequency entanglement. Chapter 6 shows how a spectral phase conjugator can create coincident frequency entangled photon pairs, and Chapter 7 in turn demonstrates how a coincident frequency entanglement generator can perform spectral phase conjugation. The next three chapters, 8, 9, and 10, focus on quantum spatiotemporal information processing. Chapter 8 studies the temporal properties of entangled photon pair propagation and proposes the concept of quantum temporal imaging. Chapter 9 investigates how optical solitons can be used to perform quantum timing jitter reduction and temporal entanglement, while Chapter 10 applies the same idea to the spatial domain for quantum spatial information processing tasks, such as spatial beam displacement uncertainty reduction and quantum lithography. The final two chapters return to a couple of miscellaneous problems in classical optics. Chapter 11 shows how a pair of dielectric slabs can amplify the near field of an optical image. Chapter 12 explores the similarities between nonlinear optics and fluid dynamics, and speculates on the possibility of using nonlinear optics experiments to simulate fluid dynamics problems. | theoretical investigation of the classical and quantum information processing enabled by the advent of modern ultrafast nonlinear optics. Chapter 2 and 3 study the propagation of ultrashort optical pulses in optical fibers, and propose two methods of compensating the linear and nonlinear distortions experienced by the pulses, namely, reverse propagation and spectral phase conjugation. Chapter 4 and 5 suggest different schemes that implement | 78 |
Our diocese covers three whole counties (as they used to be), and part of Berkshire. Each of these counties has an Ecumenical Committee to co-ordinate work under the aegis of Churches Together in England. There is also the Milton Keynes Mission Partnership, which covers the unitary authority of Milton Keynes.
These organisations enable the churches to work together in partnership and act as Sponsoring Body for Local Ecumenical Projects (LEPs). They bring together Church Leaders, Denominational Ecumenical Officers and others.
Each is independent, and<|fim_middle|> Together bodies in most of our main towns - too many to list - links to websites for many of them can be found here - for others not listed, just do an internet search for "Churches Together in [ name of town or locality] " . | works in its own way, and each has its own Ecumenical Officer, whom it employs.
The Diocesan Ecumenical Commission has a representative on each body.
Bucks : status uncertain - enquire of Mgr Healy.
There are Churches | 52 |
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2 edition of Publications from the National Medical Care Utilization and Expenditure Survey found in the catalog.
Publications from the National Medical Care Utilization and Expenditure Survey
National Center for Health Statistics (U.S.)
by National Center for Health Statistics (U.S.)
Published 1987 by U.S. Public Health Service, National Center for Health Statistics, Division of Health Interview Statistics in [Hyattsville, MD .
Medical care surveys -- United States -- Bibliography -- Catalogs,
Medical care -- Utilization -- United States -- Bibliography --<|fim_middle|>. Hospital utilization and expenditures in a Medicaid population. by William Buczko. Determinants of hospital utilization and expenditures are analyzed for Medicaid enrollees in the State Medicaid household sample portion of the National Medical Care Utilization and Expenditure Survey who were continuously enrolled throughout The annual health care expenditures among chronic disease patients in Georgia is estimated at Gel ( USD), of which the largest share is spent on drugs.
The objective of this study was to offer further evidence that might explain the low impact of MIP on health care utilization, drawing on Andersen's model of health service use. Among Cited by: Collects data on the utilization and provision of office-based ambulatory medical care services.
National Census Bureau Survey This ongoing survey is conducted approximately four times a year to study a variety of new methods and technologies under consideration for the Census.
Procedures and questionnaires of the national medical care utilization and expenditure survey. [Hyattsville, Md.]: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Center for Health Statistics, (OCoLC) Material Type: Government publication, National government publication: Document Type: Book.
HCUP is the Nation's most comprehensive source of hospital data, including information on in-patient care, ambulatory care, and emergency department visits. HCUP enables researchers, insurers, policymakers and others to study health care delivery and patient outcomes over time, and at the national, regional, State, and community levels.
The Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) is a nationally representative survey of health care use, medical expenditures, sources of payment, and insurance coverage for both the U.S. civilian noninstitutionalized population and nursing homes and their residents.
Generally, the National Medical Expenditure Survey was Intended to respond to the need for national information on access to medical care, health insurance, health and disability-related losses of productive activity, and utilization of and expenditures for a range of medical care including physician visits, other medical provider visits.
Impact of Health Insurance on Healthcare and Medical Expenditures among Construction Workers. Healthcare services are necessary for managing and preventing disease, disability, and premature death. 1 Unfortunately, many construction workers fail to receive the care they need because they lack health insurance coverage from any source (see page 26).
This report "explains how data were collected during the first National Medical Care Utilization and Expenditure Survey cycle, which covered calendar year Information was obtained from the U.S. civilian noninstitutionalized population on health, access to and use of medical services, associated charges, sources of payments, and health.THE DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY FOR THE NATIONAL MEDICAL CARE EXPENDITURE SURVEY Julia D.
Oliver,1 National Center for Health Statistics 1. INTRODUCTION Background The rapid escalation of medical care costs and their concomitant economic and social impli- cations has received more national attention in recent years than any other health care issue.
frithwilliams.com - Publications from the National Medical Care Utilization and Expenditure Survey book © 2020 | Catalogs,
Medical care, Cost of -- United States -- Bibliography -- Catalogs
Other titles Health interview statistics
Contributions National Center for Health Statistics (U.S.). Division of Health Interview Statistics
Pagination 3 p. ;
Publications JAMA JAMA Network satisfaction is a widely used health care quality metric. However, the relationship between patient satisfaction and health care utilization, expenditures, and outcomes remains ill defined. (N = 51 ) to the through national Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, including 2 years of panel data for Cited by: During the course of the survey, information was obtained on health, access to and use of medical services, associated charges and sources of payment, and health insurance coverage. This report evaluates procedures used in the National Medical Care Utilization and Expenditure Survey to collect and code medical : Janet E. Gans Epner.
We compared the health care expenditures of immigrants residing in the United States with health care expenditures of US-born persons. Methods. We used the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey linked to the – National Health Interview Survey to analyze data on US-born persons and by: Procedures and questionnaires of the national medical care utilization and expenditure survey [Bonham, Gordon Scott] on *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. Procedures and questionnaires of the national medical care utilization and expenditure surveyCited by:
This section presents statistics on health expenditures and insurance coverage, including Medicare and Medicaid, medical personnel, hospitals, nursing homes and other care facilities, injuries, diseases, disability status, nutritional intake of the population, and food consumption. " Strengthening National Data to Better Measure What We are Buying in Health Care: Reconciling National Health Expenditures with Detailed Survey Data ". w March Cutler, David M., Wei Huang, and Adriana Lleras-Muney.
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Publications from the National Medical Care Utilization and Expenditure Survey by National Center for Health Statistics (U.S.) Download PDF EPUB FB2
Contrast, data from the National Medical Care Utilization and Expenditure Survey (NMCUES) include (1) expenditures regardless of whether a claim was filed and (2) information on all people regardless of age or health insurance coverage.
The data on expenditures Public Health Service U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Health CareFinancingAdministration. Publications from the National Medical Care Utilization and Expenditure Survey. [Hyattsville, MD: U.S. Public Health Service, National Center for Health Statistics, Division of Health Interview Statistics, ?] (OCoLC) Material Type: Government publication, National government publication: Document Type: Book: All Authors.
The National Medical Care Utilization and Expenditure Survey (NMCUES) was conducted in and early Data were collected on health, access to and use of medical services, associated charges and sources of payment, and health insurance coverage for the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
The first set of surveys, the NATIONAL MEDICAL CARE EXPENDITURE SURVEY (NMCES), was carried out in by the National Center for Health Services Research (now called the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research).
In the NATIONAL MEDICAL CARE UTILIZATION AND EXPENDITURE SURVEY, conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics and the Health Care Financing Administration. MEPS is the only national data source measuring how Americans use and pay for medical care, health insurance, and out-of-pocket spending.
Annual surveys of individuals and families, as well as their health care providers, provide data on health status, the use of medical services, charges, insurance coverage, and satisfaction with care.
The data presented in this article are drawn from the National Medical Care Utilization and Expenditure Survey (NMCUES), which was cosponsored and financed by the Health Care Financing Administration and the National Center for Health by: 9.
This article is based on data released in /93 from the National Medical Expenditure Survey. Medical spending and utilization patterns are analyzed for 13 major categories of injury. The MEPS is a well-established source of national data on access to health services, health care utilization, and health care expenditures.
18 Medical conditions of MEPS respondents are collected. The qualty of care in outpatient primary care in public and private sectors in Malaysia. We compare the quality of care in public and private sector outpatient care in Malaysia using the National Medical Care Surveyusing 66 internationally validated quality indicators in 27, patient encounters.
MEPS is the third in a series of national probability surveys conducted by AHCPR on the financing and use of medical care in the United States. The National Medical Care Expenditure Survey was conducted in and the National Medical Expenditure Survey was conducted in Cited by: financing and use of medical care in the United States.
The National Medical Care Expenditure Survey (NMCES) was conducted inthe National Medical Expenditure Survey (NMES) in Beginning inMEPS continues this series with design enhancements and efficiencies that provide a more current data resource to capture the changing File Size: 2MB.
This series contains social survey data from a national sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population. This data includes specific information on demographic characteristics, residence history, health and functional status, and uses of and expenditures on medical care services. The MEPS-HC is a nationally representative survey that collects detailed information on health care utilization and expenditures, health insurance, and health status, as well as a wide variety of social, demographic, and economic characteristics for the U.S.
civilian noninstitutionalized population | 1,220 |
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MReport is here for you to stay on top of important developments in the mortgage marketplace. To begin receiving each day's top news, market information, and breaking news updates, absolutely free of cost, simply enter your email address below. | Consumer Sentiment Index Dips in January
The Surveys of Consumers' Index of Consumer Sentiment, released jointly by Thomson Reuters and the University of Michigan's Survey Research Center, dropped to 81.2 this month from December's 82.5. The monthly decline stands in contrast to the Conference Board's Consumer Confidence Index, which rose for the second straight month in the group's most recent report. The measure of sentiment about current conditions fell slightly to 96.8, while the expectations index was down to 71.2.
GDP Advances 3.2% in Q4
The nation's economy continued to grow in the fourth quarter, helped along by improvements in consumer spending and business investment. In its "advance" estimate of real gross domestic product (GDP) last quarter, the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) put growth at an estimated annual rate of 3.2 percent. Last quarter's increase was driven mostly by positive contributions from personal consumer expenditures, nonresidential fixed investment, and exports.
Consumer Confidence Continues to Improve
The Conference Board's Consumer Confidence Index increased again in January, continuing December's rebound from months of declines. According to the group, the index rose 3.2 points to a reading of 80.7 in January. December's original reading was revised down from the originally reported 78.1 to 77.5. January's increase puts the index just above the 80.2 reading reported before the government shutdown in October. "All in all, confidence appears to be back on track," said Lynn Franco, director of economic indicators at the Conference Board.
U.S. Consumer Confidence Bounces Back
Consumer confidence saw a boost in December on heightened optimism for the job market, the Conference Board reported.
Consumer Sentiment Outpaces Expectations in Preliminary Report
The University of Michigan/Thomson Reuters Index of Consumer Sentiment climbed to a five-month high of 82.5 in a preliminary report, increasing more than seven points over November's final reading and beating a consensus forecast of 75.5. Both of the components measuring confidence in current and future conditions increased. The Current Conditions Index rose to its own five-month high of 97.9 from November's 88.0, while the expectations index increased to a four-month peak of 72.7 from 66.8.
Increasing Housing Permits Indicate Stability
Growing amounts of housing permits, improving home prices, and positive job numbers are leading to a stabilized housing market according to analysts. Recent studies revealed that markets in 54 out of the approximately 350 metro areas nationwide returned to or exceeded their last normal levels of economic and housing activity, according to the National Association of Home Builders (NAHB)/First American Leading Markets Index (LMI). However, policymakers still need to watch their footing.
Consumer Sentiment Rebounds as Stagnant Outlook Emerges
The Index of Consumer Sentiment, a joint measure tracked by the University of Michigan and Thomson Reuters, rose to 75.1 for the final November tally, making up some of the ground lost in October, when it dropped to 73.2. Last year, the index was measured at 82.7. While November's improvement made up somewhat for October's shutdown-related losses, consumers still feel stung by the government's economic debate. Spontaneous negative references to the government's economic policies were made by 32 percent of Americans in November.
Consumer Confidence Still Shaky in Month After Shutdown
The Conference Board's Consumer Confidence Index dropped two points to 70.4 in the most recent reading, the company reported. The decline follows a more substantial decrease in October stemming from the partial federal government shutdown. "Sentiment regarding current conditions was mixed, with consumers saying the job market had strengthened, while economic conditions had slowed," explained Lynn Franco, director of economic indicators at the Conference Board. "However, these sentiments did not carry over into the short-term outlook."
Economists Surprised by Drop in Consumer Sentiment
The University of Michigan's preliminary Index of Consumer Sentiment report shows a drop in confidence for November--and Capital Economics' Amna Asaf is at a loss to explain why.
First Estimate of Third-Quarter GDP Growth Beats Expectations
The nation's economy performed well above expectations in the third quarter, according to an advance GDP estimate released Thursday by the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA). BEA's report shows third-quarter growth rose to an annual rate of 2.8 percent, beating the second quarter's 2.5 percent. The median forecast among economists surveyed by Bloomberg called for 2.0 percent growth. Real residential fixed investment, a measure of housing's contribution to the economy, increased 14.6 percent.
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A pre-concert reception hosted by the Seattle Symphony and the Consulate General of Poland in Los Angeles was held in the Norcliffe Founders Room at Benaroya Hall before an amazing performance by Agata Zubel; a Polish-born composer and soprano. She is in Seattle to perform the world premiere of her orchestral work, In the Shade of an Unshed Tear. Distinguished guests included the Honorary Consul of the Republic of Poland in Seattle, members of the Taipei Economic and Cultural Office in Seattle, Angelo Condello of the Seattle Music Exchange, Moises Himmelfarb-Cultural Affairs, Consulate of<|fim_middle|> | Mexico to name a few plus numerous music lovers from the local Polish community. View images here.
Little Monsters invade Lincoln Park!
It was a cold and rainy morning but that didn't stop these little monsters from having a good run at the annul West Seattle Monster Dash. There was a 5K Race for the parents and children followed by the Kids Dash where two monsters led the way. The kids also got to decorate tiny pumpkins to take home. Special thanks to South Seattle College Cooperative Preschools for coordinating the event. View all the images here.
Marco is kinda shy but I think we got some great images as we wandered through Lincoln Park on down to the waters edge. Marco's a pretty smart guy who enjoys mathematics and engineering. He has joined the track team and field team where he participates in the shot put and discus throw.
I met up with Kelly at the Arboretum at the Community College in West Seattle. What a wonderful place…it was the first time she had ever been there and just loved it… especially the Japanese Garden area…take a look! | 217 |
Whether your angelic baby is turning into a tantrum filled toddler or your cute little kid is transforming into a sassy teenager, every mom understands the struggle of watching your little one grow up. Your kids are starting to voice their opinions and gain their independence, which leaves you feeling a little lost and unwanted sometimes. As long as you know how to deal with your aging adolescents you will always be able to maintain a positive,<|fim_middle|> are turning sixteen, begging for a car and trying to plan the party of their dreams. When you tried to plan your sweet 16 it wasn't even a big deal, but nowadays kids want to go all out with a sensational celebration with all of their friends. It's fun to host a party for them to celebrate such a big milestone, so enjoy the moment and reflect on all of the happy memories you have together.
Your kid doesn't need to hold your hand as they cross the street anymore, nor do they want you to take them to the movies anymore. They want to go everywhere on their own or with their friends; their independence is now more apparent than ever.
Your teenager is probably going through crazy mood swings right now; they have opinions about everything and anything. From the clothes they wear to the music they listen to, they are always very sure of what their likes and dislikes are now.
Your little one used to love giving their mommy cuddles, but now they're more interesting in playing with their friends or going out to parties. You are always vying for more time with your precious little angel, but it seems their priorities have now switched.
You grow prouder and prouder of your child every day, especially when they start to make decisions that really show their maturity. Whether they're caring for their siblings or making good choices at school, you know they are growing up when they start showing signs of maturity.
Watching your little ones grow up can make you feel pretty emotional as their mom. You have always been by their side to guide them through every step of their life so far. It hurts you to know that one day they won't need to rely on you as much. For now, just enjoy every precious moment you have with your little ones, because before you know it they will be set free into the world and ready to stand on their own two feet. | strong relationship with them. If you haven't quite noticed these changes yet, here are five signs that will prove your kids are starting to grow up.
As soon as you start planning those big birthdays you know that your little one is now growing into a young adult. First they turn one, then they turn five, then before you know it they | 69 |
The history of Cape Union Mart dates back to 1933 when the late Philip Krawitz, grandfather of the current Chairman, founded the business on the corner of Corporation and Mostert Street in Cape Town. Cape Union Mart originated as an "Army and Navy Store" and became famous for<|fim_middle|> two of South Africa 's largest retailers, Woolworths and OK Bazaars, Cape Union Mart realised that it had to offer something different. Apart from an extensive range of merchandise, the store became known as "the friendly store" and focused on building unique relationships with its customers.
During the war years, Cape Union Mart supplied visiting troops with some of the luxuries and necessities associated with the military. Passing whaling ships and foreign fishermen were also catered for with a unique array of merchandise from around the world.
In the post-war years, the company grew and prospered under Arthur Krawitz who took over the business from his father in the late 1940's. The company became famous for non-seasonal merchandise and specialised in selling summer clothing to people touring overseas in winter. and vice versa. Cape Union Mart was the first importer of many famous products such as Levi Jeans, Hong Kong anoraks, Norwegian socks and Gore-Tex foul weather clothing. | its "everything from an anchor to a toothpick" product range.
Sandwiched between | 18 |
Sister, Surgeon, Soldier
Sister Deirdre Byrne is<|fim_middle|> honors the late Allan J. Goody (C'92, M'96, R'00)
Under Study
Kara-Grace Leventhal forged a connection to the Georgetown medical community years prior to being admitted to the 2018 School of Medicine class. | a religious sister of the Little Workers of the Sacred Hearts and a retired colonel in the U.S. Army Medical Corps. As an Army and missionary surgeon, she has performed...
Alumni at Work
Alumna Leads in STEM Education: Dora Borja Miura Ph.D. (B'94)
Photo credit: paemst.org Recently awarded the Presidential Award for Excellence in Mathematics and Science Teaching (PAEMST ) for the U.S. territories, Dora Borja Miura Ph.D. (B'94) wants to change...
Lindsay Gallagher (C'11) Featured on New Animal Planet Docuseries
Lindsay Gallagher (C'11) is one of the stars of a new six-part series, Life at Vet U , which premiered Oct. 1 on Animal Planet. The docuseries profiles six students at the University of Pennsylvania...
A Mission to Serve
At the conclusion of an accomplished military career, Gerard Antoine (M'98) reflects on his time at a combat outpost and turns to the challenges of health care in the Caribbean.
Georgetown Magazine: One Practice, Three Generations
Richard Han (M'09), right, says that the sense of community and a strong support system at Georgetown School of Medicine sets the school apart. Today he's in an orthopedic practice in Modesto,...
Georgetown Magazine: An Opportunity to Serve with Friends
Food and nutrition services have always been a volunteer match for Mu Alpha Hoyas. Image credit: Mu Alpha website By Timothy Rosenberger (C'16) When Paul Albergo (C'82) thinks about his four years at...
The Gift of Teaching
New professorship | 347 |
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Specter has failed over and over again in his attempts at taking over the<|fim_middle|> Entertainment Inc. | world, all because of a few bungling monkeys. To rectify his problem, he decides to form the Ape Escape® Academy, where he, serving as principal, will train monkeys to follow his will.
Join Specter and his friends at the Ape Escape Academy and see if you can be the best monkey you can be!
Compete in over 40 mini-games such as Monkey Hockey, Saru Matador and Monkey Golf, each overflowing with frantic fun and wacky-humor with up to 100 variations of each game.
Featuring Wi-Fi Wireless LAN (AD HOC) connectivity, 1-2 players can challenge anyone with a PSP® (PlayStation®Portable) system and the game with the general vicinity.
Unique Tic-Tac-Toe style interface provides distinctive and unique game progression.
Ape Escape is a registered trademark of Sony Computer Entertainment Inc. © 2005 Sony Computer | 190 |
ATHLETE PROFILE: Mona Iyer
By Corey Tucker | Apr 24,<|fim_middle|> at Wimbledon at any time. | 2006
Following a week of wins for the Tartan women's tennis team, Mona Iyer was named the University Athletic Association (UAA) women's tennis athlete of the week. Iyer posted a perfect record over the past week playing at second singles and first doubles. Her wins came against Mercyhurst College (Pa.), Washington College (Md.), and Johns Hopkins University. Those three victories helped the Tartans to a perfect record against those three teams. This honor marks the fourth time already this season that Iyer has been named UAA athlete of the week. Recently the Tartan spoke with Iyer about her success on and off the court.
Tartan: When did you start playing tennis and why?
Iyer: I started playing when I was five years old. My whole family played so that is why I got into it. I just wanted to be like my older brother.
T: Did you always know that you wanted to play in college?
I: When I was younger I did, but as a senior in high school applying to colleges, I wanted to focus more on academics. So I decided to pick a school without talking to any coaches and just walk on the team at that school.
T: What is the hardest part about being a Carnegie Mellon student athlete? What's the best?
I: The hardest part is leaving every weekend and getting behind on work. But I find that I am actually more organized while playing tennis because it forces me to manage my time well. Being a student athlete has also allowed me to meet lots of amazing people.
T: Do you have any good luck charms or superstitions?
I: I always listen to my iPod and I will not change into my tennis shoes until we start warming up. I also have to have one bottle of water and one Gatorade on the court with me all the time.
T: What do you do before a match?
I: I like to talk to my dad or my brother before matches because they can always calm me down if I'm nervous.
T: Where is your favorite place to compete?
I: Anywhere with a lot of sun and a lot of people.
T: What is your most meaningful accomplishment to date?
I: Earning All-American honors with my partner, Amy [Staloch].
T: To what do you attribute your success in tennis?
I: Ron Williams, my coach from home. He has taught me pretty much everything I know about tennis since I was five years old and continues to be one of my close friends.
T: How supportive is your family?
I: Very supportive — they come to every match they can take off work for and have always encouraged me to play as many sports as possible while growing up.
T: What is the best advice you've been given?
I: Be patient and develop the point. I have a tendency to just try to hit the ball as hard as I can and most of the time it doesn't really work out for me. Being patient has always been my biggest challenge on the tennis court.
T: What do you do in your free time at Carnegie Mellon?
I: When I have some free time I like to just relax and eat good food.
T: Do you plan to continue your tennis career post-collegiately?
I: I can see myself being one of those women who play in leagues whenever they have free time. But I don't see myself making an appearance | 698 |
A model for context-specific route directions
Kai Florian Richter, Alexander Klippel
Wayfinding, i.e. getting from some origin to a destination, is one of the prime everyday problems humans encounter. It has received a lot of attention in research and many (commercial) systems propose assistance in this task. We present an approach to route directions based on the idea to adapt route directions to route and environment's characteristics. The lack of such an adaptation is a major drawback of existing systems. Our approach is based on an information- and representation-theoretic analysis of routes and takes into account findings of behavioral research. The resulting systematics is the framework for the optimization process. We discuss the consequences of using an optimization process for generating route directions and outline its algorithmic realization.
Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence (Subseries of Lecture Notes in Computer Science)
International Conference Spatial Cognition 2004: Spatial Cognition IV - Reasoning, Action, Interaction - Frauenchiemsee, Germany
Duration: Oct 11 2004 → Oct 13 2004
Behavioral research
Richter, K. F., & Klippel, A. (2005). A model for context-specific route directions.<|fim_middle|> research. The resulting systematics is the framework for the optimization process. We discuss the consequences of using an optimization process for generating route directions and outline its algorithmic realization.
AB - Wayfinding, i.e. getting from some origin to a destination, is one of the prime everyday problems humans encounter. It has received a lot of attention in research and many (commercial) systems propose assistance in this task. We present an approach to route directions based on the idea to adapt route directions to route and environment's characteristics. The lack of such an adaptation is a major drawback of existing systems. Our approach is based on an information- and representation-theoretic analysis of routes and takes into account findings of behavioral research. The resulting systematics is the framework for the optimization process. We discuss the consequences of using an optimization process for generating route directions and outline its algorithmic realization.
JO - Lecture Notes in Computer Science
JF - Lecture Notes in Computer Science
Richter KF, Klippel A. A model for context-specific route directions. Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence (Subseries of Lecture Notes in Computer Science). 2005 Oct 17;3343:58-78. | Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence (Subseries of Lecture Notes in Computer Science), 3343, 58-78.
Richter, Kai Florian ; Klippel, Alexander. / A model for context-specific route directions. In: Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence (Subseries of Lecture Notes in Computer Science). 2005 ; Vol. 3343. pp. 58-78.
@article{b40b96e8f1f24b6abc1993b8a11fbfaa,
title = "A model for context-specific route directions",
abstract = "Wayfinding, i.e. getting from some origin to a destination, is one of the prime everyday problems humans encounter. It has received a lot of attention in research and many (commercial) systems propose assistance in this task. We present an approach to route directions based on the idea to adapt route directions to route and environment's characteristics. The lack of such an adaptation is a major drawback of existing systems. Our approach is based on an information- and representation-theoretic analysis of routes and takes into account findings of behavioral research. The resulting systematics is the framework for the optimization process. We discuss the consequences of using an optimization process for generating route directions and outline its algorithmic realization.",
author = "Richter, {Kai Florian} and Alexander Klippel",
journal = "Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
Richter, KF & Klippel, A 2005, 'A model for context-specific route directions', Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence (Subseries of Lecture Notes in Computer Science), vol. 3343, pp. 58-78.
A model for context-specific route directions. / Richter, Kai Florian; Klippel, Alexander.
In: Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence (Subseries of Lecture Notes in Computer Science), Vol. 3343, 17.10.2005, p. 58-78.
T1 - A model for context-specific route directions
AU - Richter, Kai Florian
AU - Klippel, Alexander
N2 - Wayfinding, i.e. getting from some origin to a destination, is one of the prime everyday problems humans encounter. It has received a lot of attention in research and many (commercial) systems propose assistance in this task. We present an approach to route directions based on the idea to adapt route directions to route and environment's characteristics. The lack of such an adaptation is a major drawback of existing systems. Our approach is based on an information- and representation-theoretic analysis of routes and takes into account findings of behavioral | 562 |
Bold, luxurious and unexpected, Sarah Graham is the fine jewelry artist to watch. She turns nature, even the gritty and bizarre, into luxury—and now, after 15 years of creating some of the most fascinating jewelry in private, her studio is finally open to the public.
Upon entering Sarah's studio, located in the Dogpatch of San Francisco, I felt as if I were experiencing a time-lapse video of the neighborhood's evolution from a working class, industrial hub to the center of the Bay's biotech industry, overflowing with tech crusaders. The neighborhood's transformation is similar to Sarah's<|fim_middle|> White Noise | creations. I was mesmerized as I watched her spin nature's found objects into gold by combining old world craftsmanship with the latest innovations in design. Accompanied by the musical sounds of a hammer on metal and the methodical hum of her Form1+ 3D printer, Sarah tells me that she loves "what transpires from the melding of old and new methodologies."
A look around the showroom and studio affirms that Sarah draws inspiration from the unconventional. Curious items like aged brick, iron room dividers, vintage artifacts perched on old saw blades, a collection of sea shells, a frog skeleton, and even Cheerios(!) are among the clever objects that are seamlessly curated to create an experience that is inspiring and new.
Sarah works meticulously in defining her signature look of gold and black metals sparkling with colored diamonds. I asked her how she developed such a unique and recognizable style. Sarah chuckled and replied, "It was the black that presented the biggest challenge. I was determined to achieve a deep, strong, and unapologetic black look that iron possesses, but without the inherent corrosive nature. I spent seven years on this focus." The material that finally met Sarah's keen high standards is Oxidized Cobalt Chrome. She is the only jeweler using this material in this way. Sarah's black Chrome is a distinctively darker, softer and deeper finish than any other oxidized silver. This inspired Cindy Edelstien, an expert in the designer jewelry industry, to declare: "No one gets black like Sarah Graham."
And no one does nature like Sarah either. The motivation behind all her collections is to extrapolate the unexpected details found in nature into infinitely wearable pieces. Who would imagine that Jacaranda pods, decayed wood, or a microscopic view of single cell marine organisms would make statement jewelry pieces? "I was originally a biology major, and eventually landed in business school. So I ultimately found a way to combine my two passions," Sarah explains.
Intriguing, subtle, and never literal, her interpretations of the organic elicit questions and often enlighten the collector. Who knew that sea urchins have teeth? "As a devotee of Ernst Haeckel, I strive to make beautiful wearable jewelry that piques the curiosity in unexpected ways," Sarah tells me.
Sarah's clients are devoted fans of her work. Once a piece of her jewelry touches the skin, they are hooked. They are also hooked to Sarah's mission. She is committed to using only the finest recycled 18-karat gold and conflict-free diamonds. Among the many reasons that make her customers loyal, many say that they love her pieces because they are conversation starters. They love that her unique engagement rings reflect their bold and confident styles. Some praise the one-of-a-kind pendants that feature their children's fingerprints and do not look like "mom jewelry". I particularly like that Sarah is a San Francisco designer whose work tells a story.
Learn more about Sarah Graham and schedule an appointment to experience her studio at www.sarahgraham.com
Text by Shinmin Li
Filed under | 628 |
Sky's the limit for space-minded<|fim_middle|> from 7pm every weekday |
Having a blast .. Damien McNamara and Keana Kearns (10) prepare for their tour of the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy, the world's largest flying observatory, in Christchurch. PHOTO: SUPPLIED
School children interested in science and astronomy didn't have too many extra-curricular activities to keep them busy – until now.
Damien McNamara, an astrophotographer and self-confessed "space geek", has established a programme for local children to get involved with science and astronomy.
The idea came about after another initiative he developed proved to be a success.
About a month ago, Mr McNamara ran a social media campaign via Facebook that asked local parents and schools to nominate pupils who had an interest in science or astronomy and wanted to learn more.
"I've really gone down the route of outreach education and getting kids involved. I just recently discovered some of the schools in town only teach astronomy once every couple of years as part of the curriculum, which doesn't sit too good with me.
"I decided to do a bit of stuff to get kids enthused .. just kids that have an interest in astronomy, are doing well at school and would benefit from something like that."
Seven children were nominated and one, Weston School pupil Keana Kearns (10), was selected to accompany Mr McNamara on a guided tour of the world's largest flying observatory, the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (Sofia), based in Christchurch.
Sofia is a joint project between Nasa and the German Space Centre.
He said the tour came about after he worked with space agencies two years ago.
"I assisted the Nasa, Sofia and New Horizons teams in 2015, trying to locate a viewing location south of Timaru, so the ground-based team could get a better view of the occultation of Pluto while Sofia viewed it from the air and the New Horizons probe viewed the planet during its fly-by."
Mr McNamara said that inspired him to create the space programme.
"I felt a bit bad because I had seven kids nominated in total and could only pick one, so I started this space cadet programme so the six other kids that were nominated could do something along the same lines.
"It's basically a watered-down science version of Scouts. We won't have the monthly or weekly get-togethers. It's stuff the kids can do with their parents .. it's something to inspire the kids."
He said it was a "really exciting time" to be into science and astronomy with RocketLab in Mahia, Nasa launching high-altitude weather balloons from Wanaka, Nasa basing Sofia in Christchurch each winter, and Earth & Sky building a new astronomy centre in Tekapo and a similar project planned for Alexandra.
"It's going to be a massive industry. We are part of the space race .. it's right on our doorstep and we just need to get our kids into it."
Mr McNamara also plans to take an aspiring astronomer to the second Flight to the Lights to view the aurora australis, or southern lights, next March and had so far raised $1700 of the $7730 required to get on the plane.Asics shoesNike air max
Made with the support of NZ On Air
Available on demand click here | 683 |
I think it was Benjamin Franklin who said that time is money. There are times when my time is worthy more than my money.
For example, while running errands I stopped a two stores yesterday<|fim_middle|> men on economics, in the broad sense of the term." I recently graduated at the local seminary with a MA Systematic Theology that they offer to the laity. Back in the 1980s I did my graduate work in Economics and continue to work in an economic research environment. I have suggested that they offer an economics course to the seminarians not just to think financially but also systematically. Economics is a great way to challenge your mind both in analytic thinking and using mathematics. Greg Mankiw has a wonderful introductory textbook. So far I have no takers but I continue to pray for this outcome.
If they were to do so, I would certainly hope that they would include some exposure to the Austrian school. Far too much "education" in economics in the past (such as when I took the intro courses in the mid-1960s) focused entirely on macroeconomics and Keynes. Menger, von Mises, Hayek, and Rothbard are much needed antidotes.
Your are correct that a more diverse teaching is needed. I would add Heinrich Pesch to your list. One of the reasons why I recently took up learning German. Fr. Pesch's work has received very limited exposure to the English speaking world. | looking, inter alia, for a refill for the thing I use to wash the outside of windows of the house. No joy. Using my amazon app on my phone I found the same product available for slightly more than the price that was on the empty slot on the shelf at the store. Since I have an amazon "Prime" account (o how that has saved money over the year!) which gives you free shipping on most things, standing there in the store where the product should have been, I hit the button on the phone and ordered it. It cost slightly more than it would have had the stores had it in stock, but I wasn't going to go to a third store and waste more time and gas for the difference in price, or come back to find it another day. My time is worth more than my money when it comes to certain things. Now it will come to my door within a day or so and I don't have to think about it anymore.
So, when I saw this cartoon, I thought I would share the observations.
This entry was posted in "How To..." - Practical Notes and tagged time is money. Bookmark the permalink.
As our readers know, οικουμενη – household management – is the root of our "economics". Rev. Moderator shows the "economic way of thinking" by pricing his alternatives. And when you study the mathematics of compound interest you'll see how time can indeed be money. Tempus fugit.
On the other hand, you should never forget that unlike a penny earned, you don't have to pay taxes on a penny saved.
takosan – Sure you do. They tax you on it when you die.
In your example I would have done the same thing or something similiar. I would have come home and ordered it on Amazon. I don't have Amazon Prime, but I try to group my things so that they qualify for free shipping. They ususally have the items too. It' so frustrating to go some place and not find the item.
I think you have to do like Father and constantly weigh whether it's worth it. I do get weary of people who say we are so "lucky" to be able to adopt or have a large family or afford to homeschool or have Catholic education or be able to donate to religious etc. They usually say this as they are pulling out their biggie drinks and biggie fries. Recently, I looked and I found that I had 70-pounds of butter in the freezer! That may seem insane, but it was on sale for $1.99 instead of $3.48. That's $122 in savings for little effort. I admit we do use a lot of butter because we bake a lot of our own foods.
Some people say I take this stuff too seriously and I know it would be wrong to get too wrapped up in the details, but it's one way for a large family to "survive" on one income. It IS possible.
I've always thought priests and mothers had a lot in common…they must both be willing to sometimes get up in the middle of the night, to be on call when needed a good part of the day, to give of themselves right when they sit down to have a bite to eat or when their coffee is piping hot, and to know how to economize.
As I have written at other times, seminaries should provide workshops for men on economics, in the broad sense of the term.
I plan to use this column to explain to my dear wife the foolishness of driving 10 miles to save five cents on a carton of soy milk. I am sure that with your implicit backing of my position, she will take this correction in the kind and helpful spirit with which I offer it.
A tad off topic, but I just learned that Am. Prime also gives you access to streaming movies. I have not looked into it to see what they offer, but it could be goodbye to Netflix. I find I can save in little ways like this. It adds up.
Often we focus on how many steel mills or factories an economy has to determine how successful it is when really it's only the creation of time that matters. This is important because we often worry about sending manufacturing jobs to China. When you think about it, the richer we become the more we spend on trying to save time by out-sourcing a lot of the things we need or want done. When we do that, we generally need someone nearby to do it for us.
The leisure of the unemployed is not the basis of culture. Sorry, but this argument drives me crazy. Liberty in the near term for slavery in the long term.
You can only look at it as working for less than minimum wage if you could have billed the time.
Also, a country that cannot do the high end metal bending of arms manufacture defends itself on the sufferance of those that can.
The real laugh is on those who go from store to store looking for the cheapest bottled tap water.
I agree to your post "As I have written at other times, seminaries should provide workshops for | 1,053 |
Q: Only show decimal point if floating point component is not .00 sprintf/printf I am pretty formatting a floating point number but want it to appear as an integer if there is no relevant floating point number.
I.e.
*
*1.20 -> 1.2x
*1.78 -> 1.78x
*0.80 -> 0.8x
*2.00 -> 2x
I can achieve this with a bit of regex but wondering if there is a sprintf-only way of doing this?
I am doing it rather lazily in ruby like so:
("%0.2fx" % (factor / 100.0)).gsub(/\.?0+x$/,'x')
A: I ended up with
price = price.round(precision<|fim_middle|> significant: false, strip_insignificant_zeros: true)
A: I was looking for a function to truncate (not approximate) a float or decimal number in Ruby on Rails, I figure out the follow solution to do that:
you guys can try in your console, the example:
>> a=8.88
>> (Integer(a*10))*0.10
>> 8.8
I hope it helps somebody.
:-)
| )
price = price % 1 == 0 ? price.to_i : price.to_f
this way you even get numbers instead of strings
A: You want to use %g instead of %f:
"%gx" % (factor / 100.00)
A: You can mix and match %g and %f like so:
"%g" % ("%.2f" % number)
A: I just came across this, the fix above didnt work, but I came up with this, which works for me:
def format_data(data_element)
# if the number is an in, dont show trailing zeros
if data_element.to_i == data_element
return "%i" % data_element
else
# otherwise show 2 decimals
return "%.2f" % data_element
end
end
A: Here's another way:
decimal_precision = 2
"%.#{x.truncate.to_s.size + decimal_precision}g" % x
Or as a nice one-liner:
"%.#{x.truncate.to_s.size + 2}g" % x
A: If you're using rails, you can use rails' NumberHelper methods:
http://api.rubyonrails.org/classes/ActionView/Helpers/NumberHelper.html
number_with_precision(13.001, precision: 2, strip_insignificant_zeros: true)
# => 13
number_with_precision(13.005, precision: 2, strip_insignificant_zeros: true)
# => 13.01
Be careful, because precision means all digits after decimal point in this case.
A: Easy with Rails: http://api.rubyonrails.org/classes/ActionView/Helpers/NumberHelper.html#method-i-number_with_precision
number_with_precision(value, precision: 2, | 385 |
292.23 Responsibility of local governmental units; solid waste.
292.24 Responsibility of local governmental units; hazardous waste.
292.25 Report on impact of exemptions from liability.
292.255 Report on brownfield efforts.
292.26 Civil immunity; local governmental units.
292.31 Environmental repair.
292.33 Local government cost recovery cause of action.
292.35 Local governmental unit negotiation and cost recovery.
292.37 Confidentiality of records.
292.41 Abandoned containers.
292.51 Cooperative remedial action.
292.53 Availability of environmental insurance.
292.55 Requests for liability clarification and technical assistance.
292.57 Database of properties with residual contamination.
292.63 Petroleum storage remedial action; financial assistance.
292.64 Removal of abandoned underground petroleum storage tanks.
292.65 Dry cleaner environmental response program.
292.68 Reimbursement for disposal of PCB contaminated sediment.
292.70 Indemnification for disposal of polychlorinated biphenyls.
292.72 Brownfields revolving loan program.
292.81 Notice; lien.
SUBCHAPTER III
ENFORCEMENT; PENALTIES
292.93 Orders.
292.94 Fees related to enforcement actions.
292.95 Review of alleged violations; environmental repair and cost recovery.
292.98 Violations and enforcement; environmental repair and cost recovery.
292.99 Penalties.
subch. I of ch. 292 SUBCHAPTER I
292.01 292.01 Definitions. In this chapter:
292.01(1) (1) "Approved facility" has the meaning given in s. 289.01 (3).
292.01(1m) (1m) "Approved mining facility" has the meaning given in s. 289.01 (4) and includes a mining waste site, as defined in s. 295.41 (31).
292.01(1s) (1s) "Contaminated sediment" means sediment that contains a hazardous substance.
292.01(2) (2) "Department" means the department of natural resources.
292.01(3) (3) "Discharge" means, but is not limited to, spilling, leaking, pumping, pouring, emitting, emptying or dumping.
292.01(3m) (3m) "Engineering control" means an object or action designed and implemented to contain contamination or to minimize the spread of contamination, including a cap, soil cover, or in-place stabilization, but not including a sediment cover.
2<|fim_middle|> water column and that are transported or deposited by water.
292.01(17m) (17m) "Sediment cover" means a layer of uncontaminated sand or similar material that is deposited on top of contaminated sediment.
292.01(18) (18) "Site or facility" means, except in s. 292.35, an approved facility, an approved mining facility, a nonapproved facility or a waste site.
292.01(19) (19) "Solid waste" has the meaning given under s. 289.01 (33).
292.01(21) (21) "Waste site" means any site, other than an approved facility, an approved mining facility or a nonapproved facility, where waste is disposed of regardless of when disposal occurred or where a hazardous substance is discharged before May 21, 1978.
292.01 History History: 1995 a. 227 s. 599, 600, 702, 993; 1997 a. 27; 2001 a. 102; 2013 a. 1; 2015 a. 204 ss. 2 to 4, 6.
subch. II of ch. 292 SUBCHAPTER II
292.11 292.11 Hazardous substance spills.
292.11(2)(2) Notice of discharge.
292.11(2)(a)(a) A person who possesses or controls a hazardous substance or who causes the discharge of a hazardous substance shall notify the department immediately of any discharge not exempted under sub. (9).
292.11(2)(b) (b) Notification received under this section or information obtained in a notification received under this section may not be used against the person making such a notification in any criminal proceedings.
292.11(2)(c) (c) The department shall designate a 24-hour statewide toll free or collect telephone number whereby notice of any hazardous discharge may be made.
292.11(2)(d) (d) The department shall report notifications that it receives under this subsection related to discharges of agricultural chemicals, as defined in s. 94.73 (1) (a), to the department of agriculture, trade and consumer protection. The department shall report notifications under this paragraph according to a memorandum of understanding between the department and the department of agriculture, trade and consumer protection under s. 94.73 (12).
292.11(3) (3) Responsibility. A person who possesses or controls a hazardous substance which is discharged or who causes the discharge of a hazardous substance shall take the actions necessary to restore the environment to the extent practicable and minimize the harmful effects from the discharge to the air, lands or waters of this state.
292.11(4) (4) Prevention of discharge.
292.11(4)(a)(a) The department may require that preventive measures be taken by any person possessing or having control over a hazardous substance if the department finds that existing control measures are inadequate to prevent discharges.
292.11(4)(b) (b) The department shall specify necessary preventive measures by order. The order shall be effective 10 days after issuance, unless the person named requests a hearing, in which case no order may become effective until the conclusion of the hearing.
292.11(5) (5) Contingency plan.
292.11(5)(a)(a) After consultation with other affected federal, state and local agencies and private organizations, the department shall establish by rule criteria and procedures for the development, establishment and amendment of a contingency plan for the undertaking of emergency actions in response to the discharge of hazardous substances.
292.11(5)(b) (b) The contingency plan shall:
292.11(5)(b)1. 1. Provide for efficient, coordinated and effective action to minimize damage to the air, land and waters of the state caused by the discharge of hazardous substances;
292.11(5)(b)2. 2. Include containment, clean-up and disposal procedures;
292.11(5)(b)3. 3. Provide for restoration of the lands or waters affected to the satisfaction of the department;
292.11(5)(b)4. 4. Assign duties and responsibilities among state departments and agencies, in coordination with federal and local agencies;
292.11(5)(b)5. 5. Provide for the identification, procurement, maintenance and storage of necessary equipment and supplies;
292.11(5)(b)6. 6. Provide for designation of persons trained, prepared and available to provide the necessary services to carry out the plan; and
292.11(5)(b)7. 7. Establish procedures and techniques for identifying, locating, monitoring, containing, removing and disposing of discharged hazardous substances.
292.11(6) (6) Hazardous substances spills; appropriations and related provisions.
292.11(6)(a) (a) Contingency plan; activities resulting from discharges. The department may utilize moneys appropriated under s. 20.370 (4) (dv) and (ms) in implementing and carrying out the contingency plan developed under sub. (5) and to provide for the procurement, maintenance, and storage of necessary equipment and supplies, personnel training, and expenses incurred in identifying, locating, monitoring, containing, removing, and disposing of discharged substances.
292.11(6)(b) (b) Limitation on equipment expenses. No more than 25 percent of the moneys available under the appropriation under s. 20.370 (4) (dv) or (ms) during any fiscal year may be used for the procurement and maintenance of necessary equipment during that fiscal year.
292.11(6)(c) (c) Reimbursements.
292.11(6)(c)1.1. Reimbursements to the department under sub. (7) (b) shall be credited to the environmental fund for environmental management.
292.11(6)(c)2. 2. Reimbursements to the department under section 311, federal water pollution control act amendments of 1972, P.L. 92-500, shall be credited to the appropriation under s. 20.370 (4) (ms).
292.11(7) (7) Removal or other emergency action.
292.11(7)(a) (a) Subject to s. 94.73 (2m), in any case where action required under sub. (3) is not being adequately taken or the identity of the person responsible for the discharge is unknown, the department or its authorized representative may identify, locate, monitor, contain, remove or dispose of the hazardous substance or take any other emergency action which it deems appropriate under the circumstances.
292.11(7)(b)1.1. The person who possessed or controlled a hazardous substance which was discharged or who caused the discharge of a hazardous substance shall reimburse the department for actual and necessary expenses incurred in carrying out its duties under this subsection.
/statutes/statutes/292 true statutes /statutes/statutes/292/I Chs. 279-299, Natural Resources statutes/subch. I of ch. 292 statutes/subch. I of ch. 292 section true | 92.01(4) (4) "Environmental pollution" means the contaminating or rendering unclean or impure the air, land or waters of the state, or making the same injurious to public health, harmful for commercial or recreational use, or deleterious to fish, bird, animal or plant life.
292.01(5) (5) "Hazardous substance" means any substance or combination of substances including any waste of a solid, semisolid, liquid or gaseous form which may cause or significantly contribute to an increase in mortality or an increase in serious irreversible or incapacitating reversible illness or which may pose a substantial present or potential hazard to human health or the environment because of its quantity, concentration or physical, chemical or infectious characteristics. This term includes, but is not limited to, substances which are toxic, corrosive, flammable, irritants, strong sensitizers or explosives as determined by the department.
292.01(6) (6) "Hazardous waste" means any solid waste identified by the department as hazardous under s. 291.05.
292.01(7) (7) "Landfill" means a solid waste facility for solid waste disposal.
292.01(8) (8) "Lender" means a bank, credit union, savings bank, savings and loan association, mortgage banker or similar financial institution, the primary business of which is to engage in lending activities or an insurance company, pension fund or government agency engaged in secured lending.
292.01(9) (9) "Lending activities" means advancing funds or credit to and collecting funds from another person; entering into security agreements, including executing mortgages, liens, factoring agreements, accounts receivable financing arrangements, conditional sales, sale and leaseback arrangements and installment sales contracts; conducting inspections of or monitoring a borrower's business and collateral; providing financial assistance; restructuring or renegotiating the terms of a loan obligation; requiring payment of additional interest; extending the payment period of a loan obligation; initiating foreclosure or other proceedings to enforce a security interest in property before obtaining title; requesting and obtaining the appointment of a receiver; and making decisions related to extending or refusing to extend credit.
292.01(10) (10) "Long-term care" means the routine care, maintenance and monitoring of a solid or hazardous waste facility following closing of the facility.
292.01(11) (11) "Municipality" means any city, town, village, county, county utility district, town sanitary district, public inland lake protection and rehabilitation district or metropolitan sewage district.
292.01(12) (12) "Nonapproved facility" has the meaning given in s. 289.01 (24).
292.01(13) (13) "Person" means an individual, owner, operator, corporation, limited liability company, partnership, association, municipality, interstate agency, state agency or federal agency.
292.01(15) (15) "Preventive measures" mean the installation or testing of equipment or devices, a designated way of performing a specified operation or the preparation of an emergency response plan.
292.01(16) (16) "Representative" means any person acting in the capacity of a conservator, guardian, court-appointed receiver, personal representative, testamentary trustee of a deceased person, trustee of a living trust, or fiduciary of real or personal property.
292.01(17) (17) "Secretary" means the secretary of natural resources.
292.01(17g) (17g) "Sediment" means particles in the bed of a navigable water up to the ordinary high-water mark that are derived from the erosion of rock, minerals, soil, and biological materials and from chemical precipitation from the | 857 |
What do you do when a new year is upon you?
Do you take your time and ease<|fim_middle|> of the process.
planning out how you'll carry out your goals is sooooo much more important and conducive to your year being successful.
Now don't get me wrong, there will be small and BIG blips along the way, but knowing how you will bypass or work through them is key to making the things you want to have happen….well, happen.
In the last few years I thought the systems I had to use, whether for personal or business goals, had to be elaborate costly schemes that used software I could hardly afford nor take the time to learn.
But now I finally understood what systems are about.
A system is just the how of a thing.
How will you implement the goals you've outlined and perform the tasks you've written down?
Two of the tools I used for this step are creating tasks blocks in Google Calendar and using a planner that I carry everywhere with me. My planner not only contains my desires list, schedule and appointments but is also a catchall for jotting down all manner of thoughts and ideas that like to spring up wherever (my notes-on-a-napkin writing days are over).
psst…..a blog post about how I choose my planner is upcoming, stay tuned.
Plus if you're interested in how I created my calendar blocking for my days let me know and I can do a quick video to show you.
As you're reading you might be asking what does the all the above have to do with being a Mindset Coach?
In my coaching sessions I always assign homework for my clients. Whether that's just jotting down thoughts in a journal or reading a particular book. There is always a plan.
And, in order to shift how my client thinks about a thing, talking about it and going deep into the why is definitely something we do in session. But, we also need to come up with a tangible plan to help us do that.
So what better way to get you jump started into your year than by helping you plan for it's best outcome. Right?
Each of the steps outlined above (apart from #2) is a part of the process I go through with all my clients. They happen in a different order but the outcome remains the same.
We get clear on their vision for our coaching sessions. We define the goals, start some reflective work then get to work on setting up the systems they will use to keep their mindset shift front and center.
With my help clients get to ground into the principles they come up with. Not only will we have a successful coaching relationship but my clients now leave with a plan to implement their own desires and goals.
Each step building one upon the other to help you not only frame out your year but to give you clarity and insight and a meaningful way forward.
Let me know how it's going for you as you plan your year. You do know you can do this right? Well, you can.
(and don't forget to share these steps with your peeps!).
p.s. the link to the Annual Planner is an affiliate link. Click to learn more about my Affiliate Policy. | into it?
Do you plan everything and are so scheduled you can no longer move?
What about if you create from inspired actions instead (like the quote above from Hannah). I know right!!!
I usually do all of these steps I've outlined for my business starting in October of the previous year. Most of it is just thoughts at first meandering through my mind as I read or journal or watch others do their thing.
The 5 steps below will help you plan your year. These are the same steps I've used to design the shape of my own years that you can use as well to help move the needle forward in whatever way you choose.
First things first though. You'll need to….
In order to know what the new year needs to look like you first have to figure out what went on in the previous year, that is, you need to know what worked and what didn't. Below are 10 questions to start you off.
What did you truly enjoy and not enjoy doing this past year?
What do you want bring into this year that worked well for you?
What do you need to leave behind, to let go of?
What didn't happen last year? Why not?
What were some of your accomplishments?
What most surprised you about yourself? Your accomplishments?
Where (and what) were your energy leaks?
What were your energy boosters?
Be realistic and truthful with your answers. Your experiences last year will greatly influence and direct what you do this year.
As you ponder the answer to these questions, your new year and what it will contain will become clearer (I suggest using a journal to jot them down). This is not to say that you will now miraculously know for sure what it will entail, not all all. But you will have a better understanding of what needs to happen for you, around you, within you in this new year.
Spend as much time as you need in this space. The more you know about what you need to show up for you and how you need to show up, the better you'll be able to define your plans for your new year.
Now that you have a better understanding of what you want to include and exclude, time to do something more.
What does a WOTY do? Choosing a word, your word, helps solidify your intention for the year, helping you to move through the year with more purpose and direction, more clarity and vision. I know this (I'm now in my 9th year!!!).
Your word's sole purpose is to help shape how you greet the next days, weeks and months. It not only helps you strategically plan the whats and hows, of the work you want to do and the way you will live life, your word will act as your guide to help you be more aware, more mindful, more present.
I remember the first year I chose a word. I was eager to wear this mantle I had chosen but, thing is, I hadn't really understood what it meant to have a word. I treated it like one of my resolutions…quick to jump on but soon forgotten. It's only when the 6th month rolled around that I remembered :oh yeh, I have this thing I'm supposed to be doing.
That first year is when I started doing my 6 month check-in, a reflection of how I incorporated my word into those things I wanted to accomplish.
With your newly chosen word in mind, now is the time to find a quiet space to hone in on your 3-5 priorities for the year. Think large umbrella rather than small and specific. That'll comes later.
This step was the hardest for me. I love reflecting….that's a journaler's delight, our comfy spot. Sitting in and writing down #allthethings, recording what came before, I'm an old hand at that.
The hardest part was coming up with what I know deep down I wanted, but hadn't tapped in to that space yet. It took some coaxing and cajoling and even some pleading wit my soul self to get to the heart of the matter…..my vision for my year.
Remember also that you can vision in any way that feels good to you. As a journaler I love to write so I work on finding words and quotes that represent the vision I have for the year.
There are other myriad ways you can use to document your vision for your year. …… using actual photographs you take, cutting out pictures (& words) from magazines and glueing in journal or maybe even using a whole slew of post-it note that you move around a board. However you need to vision what you want your year to look like, do it.
And, once that's done…… take a break.
I don't define my goals till the new year (what can I say, it's a thing with me). After the holidays are over, just after the the new year bursts onto the scene I sit down to vision and define goals.
My goals are in response to the vision I have for the year, in conjunction with my WOTY. These 2 help me be more definitive about the goals I outline.
One of my three goals this year is to grow my audience (remember mine is about my business). There are projects and tasks on my desires list (most people call them to-do's) that I will directly impact how I achieve this one goal.
Remember, this step is about breaking things down to manageable chunks then down-leveling later to end up with the smaller, individual tasks that will make up your day to day activities.
After defining your goals, you'll want to get more clear on what you have to do to achieve them. So the last step in how to plan your year is to….
What this means is putting systems in place, those monthly, weekly and daily tasks that makes sure you move the needle forward bit by bit throughout the year.
This step is invaluable. Please do not skip it.
Because we all know, creating a plan is good. Outlining what you want to achieve and writing down your goals is an important part | 1,238 |
Larry's Produce is a popular roadside produce stand in Suisun Valley open daily from 9<|fim_middle|> a one-stop shopping stand for fresh produce and one of the largest in Solano County.
The beloved farm stand on Suisun Valley Road will be open daily, 9 a.m. to 5 p.m., through the end of December. | a.m. to 5 p.m. June to December every year.
Larry Balestra, a fourth generation farmer, and his wife Lisa, opened the produce stand in the summer of 1986 at their current location on Suisun Valley Road near Fairfield. With only themselves and a single employee, the trio farmed about 40 acres to start. After years of hard work and developing innovative business techniques, they now farm over 1,200 acres that include various fruits and vegetables sold at the stand, as well as wheat, safflower, garbanzo beans and canario beans.
The small fruit stand has also grown substantially and has turned into a busy hub for both local shoppers and businesses as well as visitors from adjacent cities and counties. The Balestras employ approximately 80 people during the peak season. In addition to selling the large variety of fruits and vegetables they grow on their land, they also augment their selection by purchasing products from the San Francisco terminal market. These are generally fruits and vegetables that they are unable to grow themselves due to climate and soil restrictions. By further serving their customers in this way, Larry's has become | 236 |
You can lift a 500 lb block with one hand and move it around with one finger… You can fly and float around instead of walking… you can do somersaults at any age… and you can play with your food.
As I have said before, everything is effortless. If you want to move forward you slightly touch a wall or any other solid object with one finger and you start moving in the opposite direction of the force you applied. People are blocking your way in the hallway, no worries, you flip to the ceiling and just like Spiderman crawl the ceiling over their head using the bar handles on the walls (of course you cannot crawl but it looks like you are crawling).
In space it is okay to play with your food. The astronauts and cosmonauts all do. The cheese puffs are not put into the mouth by hand, they are slightly jolted out of the container and flown to your mouth. When you open a bag of soft food like yogurt or soup, if you are not really really careful, small yogurt bubbles or soup bubbles start floating around and then you can catch them with your spoon. But if you try to catch them too fast, one bubble hits your spoon and becomes 10 smaller bubbles and now you have to catch ten of them!
I truly enjoy weightlessness… You feel like a free spirit. I remember when I was very young, for a long period of time I had this constant dream that, to the amazement of my family, I was floating from one room to the next in our house and I was amazed at my ability to do that. Of course, in my dream, I was expert at it and I was able to float around with my will power and not by touching things around me.
So now keeping this in mind, today when you are working, imagine there is no gravity so not only are you floating, everything around you is floating too. Can you imagine that? You are sitting at your computer typing…. well… you can't sit because nothing will keep you in your seat, unless you strap yourself down to a chair that is bolted to the floor… So since you cannot sit, let's stand… well, you cannot stand still either because every key stroke pushes you further form the keyboard.
So what do people do in space when they want to stay in one place and do something? They use their feet to secure themselves. They stick their feet under these bars that are all over the place or find something to anchor their feet. That is why, the first day I arrived on the station, Pasha gave me these soft Eskimo lamb skin boots… I didn't know why and did not wear them. Then at night when I went to bed, I noticed that the top of my feet had small bruises and hurt a little. In space you learn to use your toes well. I don't think I ever paid any attention to them on Earth, but up here, your big toe is a powerful tool to hold you in place.
So basically everything you own should have Velcro attached to it. There are bags of Velcro strips with different shapes and colors up here and they are used all over the place. You just have to remember that if you let anything go, it does not stay in the same place and that makes performing tasks a little more challenging up here.
Wow..your description is very vivid ;)..it just feels we are on a space station along with you …keep blogging from above..
Velcro seems a godsend for space tourists ..are you able to good sleep up there ?
Love to read your memos!!! U r so cute and pleasant. U sound like u r so KHAKI, don't ever change.
Thank you for sharing your experiences with my students and me. It has been a wonderful experience for all of us!
It is so amazing to read your posts. You know when I was a little girl I used to dream this way.
Infact I dream it now too in my thirtees. When I am sleeping in night I dream that I am flying / or going up to the ceiling of my bedroom and I can not come down by myself. I think I feel the weightlessness in my dream.
I can truly understand how you feel.
Enjoy your stay up there..
I've tried thinking about weightlessness over here, and I got dizzy.
Weightlessness was so amazing for us when we where young readers of Tintin… And still is it.
An you have experienced it!
amazing experience – i'm so glad that you are getting to enjoy this. thanks for recording your thoughts about this – have fun for the rest of your time!
hope you are doing fine. maybe you can not even imagine how great it is for me to read your blog, and how good you share your feelings. i found you weblog address today and i've been reading it till early in the morning and ignored all my classes.
all my roommates have seen me so motivated today.i've learned lots of things from ya, learned how to live my dreams and how to make'em come true. i do not know wheather u reply the comments or not, but if you do it for me, it would be the greatest email i've ever recieved. and finally one resuest,…please pray up there. pray for the peace of the world. for happiness of all the people no matter where they live.
I hope ya great great moments.
Weightlessness, floating, all very fascinating indeed.
You are really giving us a clear image of up there.
Great job Anousha.Thank you again. I am looking forward to know about your trip back to earth. Have a great time in space and enjoy as much as you can.
هر بار که نوشته هاتونو میخونم خیلی هیجان زده میشم.
فقط میتونم بگم خوش به حالتون.
لطفا عکس های بیشتری تو سایتتون بزارین.
I love the vivid descriptions you have posted, makes me feel as though I am there experiencing your gravity-free environment. Mashallah your accomplishments make us proud. Pray for world peace while you're up there it's probably a local call, rather than a long distance one ;-).
It looks all so easy when you see those cosmonauts and astronauts move on tv, but of course it's not. I'm taking great joy in reading your stories. I wanted to look up to see ISS when it passed over Holland, but unfortunately it is clouded here the last three days.
Make the most of your last day in space, and have a safe return to Planet Earth. Hope to hear from you again somewhere!
You are doing an amazing job with this blog! I've been involved with the theme of manned spaceflight as a hobby (passion?) for more than 25 years, read a lot of books, saw Shuttle's and Soyuzi take off, spoken to numerous astronauts and cosmonauts. But only reading your blog entries do I really get a taste of what it is like to be in space. Your honousty and attention to small details paint a very lively picture of live in weightlessness. I never came accross this in anyone else's stories about space. You are turning out to be TRUE Space Ambassador and I hope you will be able to continue sharing your space adventure long after your return from orbit. It would be a true inspiration to meet you if your travels take you to Europe some day.
Enjoy your remaining time on orbit Anousheh! Have a safe landing and may your god be with you.
Hello Anousheh, thank you for sharing your amazing experiences at space with others, it is really interesting to hear how the experience is from someone that is not a proffessional astronaut, so we can identify more with the experience. I think you may be already famous (I didn't hear about you before), but surely you'll become much more famous after this trip. Greetings from Argentina and God bless you, you seem to be a nice person.
I have been following your journey into space and the fullfillment of your dreams.
In reading this blog i realize that you are touching many many people around the world in a very wonderful way. You have a specail noble way about you, like a messiah or a prophet and many people are hearing your message here on earth. With your smile and grace you are creating understanding amongts cultures and fostering PEACE ON EARTH!
I am so jealous, I wish I were up there right now learning how to use my big toe. It would be so much fun trying out all those things I learned in physics about action and reaction and rates of motion. Your blog postings have been the best for the Space Adventures experience, I imagine that what you have sent around the world has inspired countless people to aspire for spaceflight themselves. Flying in space has been my dream since I can remember but I lack the resources to go myself, so I have to live vicariously through your postings. 🙂 What you have done in the last few years for the private space enterprise with the X-Prize and now flying yourself and inspiring people will have positive repercussions for years to come. Thank you again for sharing with us your great adventure and a special thanks for what you have done to help make spaceflight more accessible to everyone.
I used to suffer from motion sickness, and when I read of your time spent becoming adapted to space, my heart went out to you. And now you describe weightlessness with such joy, I can hardly wait to experience it myself some day!
Hi! Reading your blog was really wonderful, because of the lucid way it has been written in. It covered some really interesting facts about weightlessness in space in a fun way.
But, weightlessness in space can be problematic if you are not close to something you can push or tug at, like when you were in the "Node". However, there is one possible solution…maybe its a trifle ridiculous…but I would love to know if it works in space…its this: Would blowing air really hard get you moving? In that case, carrying small cans of compressed air would really help.
Anyway, great going Anoushesh, happy holiday in space!
I have been following your journey into space and the fulfillment of your dreams.
In reading this blog I realize that you are touching many many people around the world in a very wonderful way. You have a special noble way about you, like a messiah or a prophet and many people are hearing your message here on earth. With your smile and grace you are creating understanding amongst cultures and fostering PEACE ON EARTH! Not only are you a planetary traveler, but you are also a planetary healer.
I am so glad to hear that your journey has been as happy and delightful as you expected, or even better. I wish you a very safe landing back on earth. I also wish you a great prosperity, more achievements in life … you deserve it.
Your post highlights how much we take for granted in a one G environment. I cannot remember the last time I thought about my toes as a working digit. I suppose if I didn't have a few, I'd walk with a distinct pattern to compensate.
I read a book by John J. Nance called "Orbit". His tale is compelling and remarkably similar to your Space Adventures experience.
I don't think most of the human race understand the amount of energy it takes to get a vessel moving at orbital speed. The equation to figure the amount of energy to get 1000 lbs in a LEO (low earth orbit) is not complex if you've had some physics classes.
The reason I point this out is that the next phase of your adventure, the return to earth, is, well, dependent on Sir Issac Newton's laws of mass, force, accelleration, time and a number of critical events all happening as planned. A shuttle astronaut (Bruce Melnick) once told me the amount of energy dissappated when returning to earth is equal to the amount of energy it took to get into orbit. The temperatures, g-forces, navigation, cabin pressurization, parachutes, descent rockets and recovery systems all must work in sequence.
I suspect the highest rate of your breathing and pulse will be during the entry phase.
That's really interesting and velcro is an excellant idea!
We really take gravity for granted…never realizing what it must be like without it. I'm sure it's a lot of fun to figure out new ways of doing things.
Thanks again for being so passionately informative! You are very special to so many.
Anousheh, I just heard you talking on the 2m Ham Frequency for a few seconds. I heard you long enough to say your name was 'Anousheh'. It was at about 12:15 CST. I was just sitting out in my truck in the parking lot eating lunch. I had programmed the ISS international freq in a few months back but had heard very little but I heard you just as plain as ever. You said thanks to some HAM and gave a call sign and said this is Anousheh and then I waited and never heard another thing. I'm in Little Rock Arkansas. I thought it was pretty cool so I went to search for you on the internet and found this blog. It sounds like a lot of fun to be up there and I think it's cool that you have put so much effort into fulfilling your dreams. My hat's off to you!
Thanks for blogging and letting us know what's going on. I need to show this to my daughter who is 12 years old. She'd think it's cool!
Would there be any chance you might write a book with pictures describing the experiences you had? It would certainly be spectacular for all ages!
Following you up there ! . . . I still get this feeling of how it would be like if we had made the trip to the space and still want to share all the good things here on earth . . . it's hard to describe because not only you have your experience of life time, but we also have the same chance to try it frome here on earth and hear it from someone who is more more like us, half Iranian, half . . . .! Wish you luck all the way . . .
Would there be any chance you would consider, maybe you already considered, writing a book with pictures describing the experiences you had? It would certainly be spectacular for all ages!
You sound SO very happy from space. It was such a pleasure to read your post today (Thank God for the internet!) I wish you a safe journey home and thank you for sharing your experience with us… it is truly amazing, as are you!
I am really happy that you are sharing your invaluble experiences with us.
Wow! . .. . you say weighlessness! and here on earth . . . we are floating with you! . . I am serious!
When I read your earlier blogs about how when you were younger at nights you would stay up, gaze at the stars and wonder what is up there.. I felt as if I was reading my own blog.
I think its safe to say that everyone has wanted to know: what is the meaning of this universe, what/who's up there, why are we here, how does it feel to be up there….a point in their life.
I am (we all are) so proud of you to have followed your dream and I wish with all my heart the best on your last few hours in space and that you come back safe and sound. I hope to meet you someday.<|fim_middle|> and maybe if I live long enough, that day will come. If not, I am very happy that I live in an age that I can share the experiences of other people and that I have lived to see it all happening, from the first careful steps into space, the landings on the moon, development of spacestations etc.
This morning I got up early and saw your star brilliantly rise in the west and fly across the twilight sky. It was a nice view and I would recommend that to you too when you will be back on earth. It would be strange realizing that you have been on board of the ISS during these 11 days when you see it fly among the stars.
Have a save homecoming Anousheh, take care.
Lioness. Keep up your blogs and have a safe journey back home.
I'm taher mahmoudabadi From IRAN.I'm mechanic engeenier, Ime and my family Honer you and we love you.we pray and wait for your comeback to the earth.we have you have best enjoy and happynes there.
I have some invention that I submit these i n IRAN and I have some important invention that I don't want submit those here ,these are about space ship, airplane, helicopters, jetski.I want to submit these in the world. Do you help me to do that??
I'll wait for youe mesage.
have god time around earth. and think about time , licht, space, sun, god, humen.
we love you and come to your blog every day.
Anousheh, I hope and pray that all the Presidents, Prime Ministers, Kings and Queens and all other leaders of our countries read your blog, and read atleast some of the comments the people of the World leave. Maybe, just maybe they'll see how important life and our World is, and how war is not needed to be happy!
Thank you for your wonderful and detailed blog! You have captivated us all….
I can't imagine having $20 million dollars and doing something as selfish as putting myself on a space craft to go into space. The money you spent will not benefit anyone but you, you could have done so much more that is meaningful to so many other people. How can you look at yourself in the mirror every night when you live such a frivolous life? How can you have been so fortunate in your life to have the money that you do and use it so that you are one up on your society friends at the latest cocktail party? Very sad that money doesn't equal conscience or responsibility.
You are a very brave woman – an inspiration. Your blogs are incredible. I've enjoyed them. Congratulations on your journey and your ability to convey it so well!
All the best for the rest of your travels!!
Yours was by far the best description from space I have ever read. It was just marvellous. I am 47 and I still have that dream of being able to fly around – at least once a month. I feel really great that you are able to do it and enjoy it. I can imagine how happy and fullfilled you feel.
Thanks for describing how you can finally use keyboard in weightlessness, now I have a more serious question.
You told there is places (like Node), where you can not reach the walls easily, and while floating, you have no access to anything to push to move. I guess as there still air exists, some kind of swimming may help you move very slowly (at least), but even such an slow movement is not happening, then can we think of possible traps inside the station? Say if for any chance, somebody gets trapped in such special locations, and there is nobody to help (or if the other is also trapped in the same type of trap), can't it be a real danger?
Even thinking of such hangups can be devastating! It is like when you write a program which makes a never ending loop, and hangs everything and control can never be given back to the system.
Let us know if there is any of such kinds of dangers in ISS, and if they have thought of any security measures for them!
Salam alaikum. That's really remarkable. Have a safe and happy journey back. Keep making and taking videos/photos/blog entries, so that you have a precise record of everything.
Hi there….I've been watching your journey from down here in Carrollton, Texas since you lifted off. It makes me so happy to come home at night and read about your amazing experiences. Your words are amazing in telling people that you can accomplish your dreams. I am hoping to make it to the XPrize cup in a few weeks so maybe I will get a chance to hear you speak there. I think I am going to post on Craigslist Dallas to see if I can find anyone in the DFW area who wishes to take a road trip out there…it looks like such an awesome event to experience and learn from!
Best wishes for a safe return home. I know everyone down here is praying for all to go as planned in your journey home.
Waving hi from Peterborough Ontario as you come back to earth!
Gives credence to that adage…reach for the moon and you can fall amongst the stars!!
Safe journey back to you and your colleagues!!
Man that is so cool to hear that you can do almost anything up there… i wish i was there…. and be able to catch water drops with your tongue! man that's so cool… good luck flying!!
When was a kid i read about mission Apollo, Solyut, etc..
And now i am reading in network computer the news coming from space from a starship around the hearth..
Have you seen any city being bombed?
Can you tell us how shinny it is? I wonder how you see it up there!
God bless you Anousheh, and all the ISS team !
You have created A new class of explorers, there will be more like you.Thank you for paving the way for all who share the dream with you. We are all proud of your achivements and the way you are sharing it with others.
We are proud of you! Thank you for sharing your extraordinary experience up there. Wish I could fly in the air like you up there. Take Care always.
1. Instead of catching liquid or semi-solid globule with a solid object (spoon) which may lead to splitting the globule into droplets, try using a short straw. It's a larger spatial net, requires less hand-eye co-ordination, and if you catch more than a mouthful, there is comparatively lots more surface area for the globule's surface tension to adhere upon.
2. Send up a few flexible low-tesla flexible patch magnets, the type that people usually find on backs of fridge magnets. Stick these to velcro strips, and it becomes a holder that will be attracted to a flat metal surfaces, helping the friction to hold the object in place. Ensure that the tesla magnitude is low enough to not affect any instrumentation or electronics, but high enough to resist the mass-inertia of the objects. As the mass is usually low for lip-gloss and books, it should work.
3. Velcro currently available has different colours. Reserve a colour for small personal objects, and different stripe combinations for individual staff. This should make spotting personal objects easier. For important objects, add one of those whistle recognisers that people usually use for keys. By the way, velcro was invented by Georges de Mestral, and to all those who initially resisted his idea, "Success is the best final word".
4. i.Tech Virtual Laser Keyboard is Bluetooth enabled and doesn't require a "punch" onto the keys, just a light touch on the surface that the keys are projected onto. This will greatly reduce the Newtonian keyboard reaction, as there is negligible action to react to. It also makes key-clicks if needed.
5. Flat fibrous surfaces (eg. paper) adhere to flat metal surfaces better with glues than velcro. 3M's Post-it® Notes uses such glues. If the glue was in a tube, it could be extruded as needed.
6. Velcro soda-pop bottles onto the front of a sleeve. Add a flexible straw leading to your upper shoulder, which will allow you to easily keep hydrated, keep the bottle out of the way, keep your hands free, and keeps the bottle in easy visual distance for a refill check.
7. Velcro your headsets' cable to the sleeve opposite to your soda-pop bottle, with the plug held by a velcro ring in the middle front of your clothes. It's within easy reach, easily visually checked, and if you fly away but forget to detach the cord first, then you'll receive a gentle tug from your headset to remind you.
We Iranians in Canada are proud of you and already miss you on the ground level. Accept all our greetings from the ground Level. I loved your interview and that flag is beautiful.
Thanks again for a great blog! Perhaps I have too much time on my hands tonight, but I would like to share some thoughts on your blog tonight.
Your description is great and the details of your experience are so wonderful!
A few days ago I was worried about your space sickness, but it sounds like you are improving in feelings and health.
On a more playful note… you were saying that you notice that you can "hover" for 25 seconds without touching any surface. Perhaps your duration hovering is related to your mass.
May I offer an explanation for your inability to "hover" as long as the guys?
Your ability to "hover" in the node is a reflection of your total body mass.
Your total body mass and your total body surface area is probably less than the men on your crew. With less surface area and less body mass, I wonder if it takes less air flow to impart a force on your body and accelerate you.
Assume that you have two people, one person of Mass A and a second of Mass B.
Therefore, you will accelerate faster than Williams due to the force of Air flow by a ratio of your masses.
So, if Williams is 75 kg and Ansari is 50 kg, Anousheh will accelerate 1.5 times faster than Williams due to an equivalent amount of force.
I suppose now, you would need to do the calculation on the force of air on you versus Williams. But, your calculation would need to take in account the fluid dynamics of air flowing through the cabin across your body and the crew mates.
Because we do not know your measured cross sectional area (Say, I wouldn't want to ask you your dress size!) and because we do not know the cross sectional area of your crew mates, I have assumed that they are likely similar.
On the other hand, Vinogradov, Williams, and Reiter may have lost some weight in space!
Have a good return flight and the world is praying for your safe return!
That was a fun read, and a wonderful description. Thank you so much for bringing your experience to us earth-bound folk (or, as Heinlein called it, "Earthworms")!
Allah'u'abha! We live in wonderful times. I wasn't even born yet when man first landed on the moon, but I have a nephew who, as a young child, was very surprised and disappointed to find there weren't people living on the moon. Just as I cannot fathom what it is really like up there (though your narrative certainly helps!), I cannot imagine what the impact of what you have done (through the X-Prize) and your own experiences right now will have on the future. Perhaps my youngest daughter, who was born dreaming of living on the moon, will see her wish come true.
That is a truly wonderful narration, It felt like I was in space. You have initiated the concept of Space travelling in the coming times I think it would be much common for people to go on a vacation to Space.
Thank you! Your description was so vivid! We homeschool our kids and this will be an excellent science lesson for them.
kheili khosh halam ke safaretun be khubi va khoshi dare be payan mirese.omid varam be salamat be zamin bargardid.ma hame cheshm entezare shoma hastim ke be iran biaeid va ma shoma ro az nazdik bebinim.
thank for sharing your value(and too expensive!!?) experiences.
Could u tell us how u drink water ..?
Hi Anousheh from Geoff Weston down here in Dunedin New Zealand.
Safe landing, and I look forward to reading more about your experience. If you can suggest any way I can help or get involved in a good cause to preserve our beautiful earth, please let me know.
Thank you once more for sharing your trip and your dream with all of us. We (you and I, and millions of others) only have hours left on the ISS (better known as Anousheh's house) before we have to come home, but what a wonderful time we have had! We have all had motion sickness but recovered, we've watched people interact with each other and show respect, we managed to get some work done and have fun at the same time, and sat around the dinner table and shared space stories.
We've crashed into a few walls, but now we can crawl on the ceilings, and fly like a pro. We asked questions, but they were good questions ( did they think we were some stupid tourist?). We've washed our hair in a plastic bag, and taken a bath with a wet towel, and hung our sweaty clothes out to dry so we would have something to drink the next day.
We could look out our bedroom window and see the car in the driveway. We slept with our head against the same window and watched the earth go by until it gave us a headache. We saw land of all types, but could not see any lines separating them. We saw clouds, so many clouds, of many shapes and sizes, and water of so many shades of blue. But it was the stars, millions of them, going on forever that left us speechless. If only we could get just a little closer…..
We did not come to promote space tourism (sorry Mr.Michael Lopez-Alegria, you almost got it, but no cigar). We came as space explorers and to promote peace. We looked at the traffic light outside of Anoesheh's house and it went from yellow to green. It's time to gas up the car and go. Hanging out in earth orbit just doesn't cut it anymore, it's time to move on. We've got to make a pit stop back at earth to pack a few more things (Anousheh lost our lip gloss!!), but we'll be sure to wave at your government-run housing project on the way by. We'll even leave the light on for you at our hotel chain that will start on the moon, and will end as far as your imagination will take you.
Anousheh, you are in our dreams and prayers tonight. Godspeed, and come back safely with your fellow space explorers. You truely are our star of hope.
GOD PROTECTS YOU, DO YOU AGREE WITH THIS IDEA THAT PHYSICS HAS HIS OWN LAWS & THEORIES AND SPIRTUAL MATTERS ALSO HAS HIS OWN LAWS AND THEORIES, AND THE ART OF US IS TO EXPERIENCE AND VERIFY THE COMBINATION OF BOTH AS YOU DID.
مخلص همه آدمهای با حال!!
I really like reading your blog, I have been following it throughout your journey. Your description is very vivid and I can really imagine being up there with you, thanks a lot and keep writing.
You encourage me to keep sticking to my dream of spaceflight and do everything I can to realize it. I am really happy that you have made it and that you enjoy it so much! You are up there for all girls and women who want to do it too!
Greetings from Germany and may the Force be with you!
I think you can start moving in the weightlessness with power of your lungs!! Just make some powerful outward breathes. I think it must work.
کم کم اشتیاقم برای آمدن به فضا برای زندگی کم شده چون واقعا زندگی با این شرایط خیلی سخت است.
چند نفر از خوانندگان حس شما را نسبت به خدا پرسیده بودند من هم خیلی علاقه دارم بدانم نگاهتان به خدا چه تغییری کرده است.
ازانها که بگذریم اجازه بدهید کمی هم ما از حس و حالمان روی زمین بگوییم.
امروز پنج شنبه است و ادارات در تهران تعطیل هستند ولی اینقدر آگاه شدن از وضعیت شما برایم مهم شده که برای دسترسی به انترنت پرسرعت در روز تعطیل به سر کار آمده ام.
نمیدانم چگونه می توانم مراسم خداحافظی شما از ایستگاه فضایی و بازگشت شما به زمین را مستقیم ببینم. ولی اگر لازم با شد امشب نم خوابم ودائم کانالهای مختلف ماهواره را برای دستیابی به خبر رسیدن شما جستجو خواهم کرد.
اول از همه باید بهت یه تبریک بزرگ بگم….تبریکککککککککککککککککککککککککک به تو دختر آریایی…..
راستی میخواتم یه چیزی بهت بگم.من بچه ی اهوازم،حتما میدونی که اهواز توی استان خوزستانه…اینجا همه ی اونایی که فامیلشون انصاریه دزفولی هستن(دزفول یکی از شهرای خوزستانه)منم خودم دزفولی هستم ،خیلی دوست داشتم بدونم که شما اصالتا دزفولی هستی یا نه؟چون اینجا همه میگن که تو اصالتا دزفولی هستی….میدونم که حتما واقعیت و بهم میگی…..
امیدوارم وقتی اومدی زمین جواب ای میل منو زود بدی چون برام خیلی مهمه…..
I don't know if you received my last comment, so I decided to write once again. I'm an Iranian boy who is so proud of being Persian and having a country man like you. Wish you best time there up in space and I hope to see you once here in our native land Iran. By the way what you have done has a great effect on Iranian and whole the world, I mean your end of the trip (Peace for the world and development of space trip). Once one of my friends told me that he wants name his girl Anousheh in memory of our great Anousheh Ansari. Also the website that I leave you is not working yet, but I love you to be first person to visit it .Get home safe. With the best wishes.
hope you are fine up there and doing well.Eshallah ke be salamati safaretoon tamam mishe va be zamin barmigardid vali azatoon khahesh mikonam ta mitoonid az oonja film va aks begirid va hatman baraye ma zaminiha biyarid va be nemayesh bezarid lotfan.
dar zemn mogheye bargasht baraye hameye adama roo zamin va hatta khode zamin doa konid ke hamishe beshe solh be hame ja bargarde.
Thanks for sharing your experiance with us, one point is that you ENABLED the space agency to do its job. It does not cost them that much to send you up but you help for them to maintain all activitives. Good job.
Second, I would really like to see that you put all of this in a book starting from when you were youg till when you landed.
Salam..shoma ke dar neveshteye 14 september neveshtin ke dust darin moshgelato risheyi hal konid….lotfan ye kam az un poolhatuno be bachehaye badbakhte iran bedid ta dars bekhunand va unha ham betunand be royahashun beresan!!!harfatun faghat tojihe vase lezzate khodetun!
This is a must read for all school children in their science class!
Even an old guy like me learned something.
Hope you break the 25 second mark.
I am a french writer and a compulsive reader. Throughout my life I've been reading a lot of SFi. As a matter of fact, it's more or less how I tought myself English. But I've never been moved to tears as I am to day reading what you wrote in your blog. Because It's real, because you are talentuously sharing it with us, because you are able to appeal to familiar and vivid images to make us understand what's really going on out there, and because the work you do is respectfull of us down here, and you are damned good at communicating!
I'm so happy that you are up there ! I feel so exhilarated by your undertaking! You are now part of History : not because you've won a war or discovered something. Just because you have created the first direct link between space and earth, reaching out everybody's heart and soul, wherever they live… and given them the most you could of what you've been receiving.
I deeply and warmly thank you for this.
I send you my smile and my tears as yet another proof that you went the right path. For you truly have followed your innermost self, and the whole world is benefiting from your choice.
پيامم را فارسي مينويسم به اميد اينكه خودت بخوني و يادت باشه كه ما ايرانيها خيلي به فكرت هستيم و برايت ارزوي سلامتي ميكنيم.
چون خودت قول داده بودي كه تموم پيامهاي ما را ميخوني؛اين دومين پيام من براي توست.
احساس ميكنم روحم با توست و تمام نوشته هايت از فضا را با جان و دل درك ميكنم. باور كن اين يك واقعيته.
هر چند درك نوشته هاي ترجمه شده برايم راحت تره.
راستي جواب ايمل من رو كه شخصي برايت فرستادم يادت نره ؛منتظرش هستم.
Meanwhile back on earth, I heard six year old (BBND) singing to herself as she dressed…"Thank you Lord for giving us zips, thank you Lord for giving us Velcro, thank you Lord for giving us buttons…".
The kids in Amir Reza's class in gave him a list of questions to ask you. You have inspired all of us to dream, Even first graders in Mrs. Marshalls class at Kensington Parkwood elementary.
Have a safe flight back. May the force be with you!!!
I feel great to read about you. Thank you for sharing. I want my daughter to be just like you when she grows up!!!
wow….your description of space really hit it for me and motivated me to work even harder to get this adventure of a lifetime. keep it up.
Welcome HOME, blessed ambassador of Peace!
Thank you so much for letting us see space through your eyes…& for filling our hearts with joy with your beautiful descriptions of EARTH…this beautiful blue jewel hanging in the darkness of space…beauty beyond compare…& for your words of encouragement.
Best wishes & many thanks to you, the ISS team and X-Prize.
How does it feel to look around? How does the earth and other planets look like?
Thank you as you again brought hope to Iranian homes and for young people.
Yet too many Velcros here that don't let us be free and fly back to the Age of Innocence.
If possible, please tell us what new knowledge you are bringing down with you from that world of calmness – if I can put it so because I think wherever no Man lives there's peace.
To you, great Anousheh, who feel pure love for the mankind like the people you met up there.
Thank you for the vivid details of the little things that make living in space an adventure. It is wonderful to see such an eloquent writer express her experiences! It is the little things that people want to know more about: how to brush your teeth, how to fly, how to sit/stand/float, and have it communicated in a personal and friendly manner tht we know is from the heart.
The Space Tourism Society commends you for inspiring millions of people and accelerating the day that more "regular" folks can fly into space. Poets and artists are needed on the ISS to communicate the emotion that is living on the space frontier.
خانم انصاری خوشحالم از اينکه به سلامت برگشتی .
همه و از جمله ایرانیها از بازگشت تو و نیز از سفر ادیسه وارت به کیهان شادمان هستند. تاریخ ارزش کار بزرگ تو را نشان خواهد داد. بگذریم. خواهشی از تو دارم. تو در زندگی خود ماجراهای بسیار داشته ای و کامرانی بسیار. تو راه دشوار سربلندی و کامیابی را با اراده آهنین پیموده ای. پس به همه بگو که جدا از ملیت و مذهب و زبان – که میراث تاریخند برای ما – هر کسی میتواند آنطور که تو اکنون می اندیشی بیاندیشد آرزوهای بزرگ داشته باشد و البته فراتر از اینها برای جهانی بدون زشتی و نفرت و جنگ و گرسنگی کار کند…. کارکند نه اینکه تنها آرزو کند.
Congratulations for your blog. But I don't understand why people are writing here in arabish!! What does it mean? Can't you write in english like everybody??
I can only imagine what it would be like… to experience a true "once in a lifetime expierence" must be truly amazing. Your blogs are surreal… hope your final days are wonderful!
Thank you for sharing your wonderful, mind boggling experience and a special thank you for reminding me that Newtons laws of motion still apply during weightlessness.
I'm looking forward to reading your entire memoirs.
What a phenominal treat it is to read your blog. I've watched the video and oohed and ahhed. I will give this site to my students so they can learn how a good writer gives vivid images. Thank you from Spring, Texas USA.
The sense of being able to fly is great !
Some have commented that spending the amount of money you have to travel into space is irresponsible and selfish. I disagree. That is, of course, if your experience serves to help others.
If you work to make your experience somehow heal the rift between the US and Iran. To help show that Iranians and Americans aren't that much different in many ways.
If your trip helps to bring space travel closer to everyone. To promote the wonder of manned spaceflight as the acme of Man's technological achievements. That space truly blurs international borders.
If you work hard to use your experiences to inspire young people to greater things. To show that people from modest beginnings and surroundings can achieve great things.
If you truly work to leverage your experiences for the good of us terrestrial-bound people and make them do some real good in the world, then your 20 Million Dollar space tour will be money well spent.
If not, you bear a $20M burden of bad conscience. I have confidence you will do the right thing.
Now the REAL journey begins! God Speed.
How do you feel when you see our blue planet in dark space?
I am so glad that you are Iranian. Perhaps the fact that you are able to realize your dream and not bring politics into the equation, we might all learn something. You are an inspiration to everyone, not just women, not just Iranians. I am so glad that you realized your dream. Dreams are worth it. Do not change yourself to be what WE want. Speak in Arabish or whatever language you feel comfortable speaking in. The fact that you are able to make it into space proves that we can tolerate each other, given the desire. Now it is time to work on your next dream. GodSpeed, and welcome back. Thank you for being you and being willing to share that!
This blog is so cool. I'm learning so many practical things about space. Thanks for doing this!
I'm very glad for you. Once upon a time I wanted to become an astronaut, but reality kicked in. I say go for it when you've got the means! All the best from Trinidad in the Caribbean.
It sounds amazing to be up there in space. I hope someday to go as well (if I win the lottery..) Keep blogging I enjoy reading them.
My name is Maya, I am 6 years old. I enjoyed hearing about you floating around, it sounds like fun. How much do you weigh in space on a scale? Are you zero pounds? Can you take a bite of the burnt almond cookie space?!
how i wish i were you. You can write books for this wonderful experience! God bless!
I love to travel and after reading your blog, I am inspired to tak my interest to the next level. Thank you for sharing your experience!
Wow, I never really thought about some of the details involved in living with out gravity, and expecially the importance of velcro in outer space lol. Well, thanks for sharing all of that, it really made me smile! Oh, and I hope you find your lip gloss 😀 Take care!
I love reading your descriptions of being in space, I had no idea that everyday things could be so difficult. You are very brave to go on such an adventure.
Burnt almond cookie, makes me want to start baking.
Hello Anousheh Ansari, I've always been interested in space (outer space). Thank you for your blog. You tell it like it is! The way you explained how things are in space. How you have to move around in detail. I would like to visit space, I just don't like flying. I have never read, or heard of anyone mentioning that space smells like a burnt almond cookie. I know that being in water helps me to exercise. I have pool therapy. I wonder if being in space and moving around with joint pain could help someone like me?? Again, thank you so much!
ive always dreamed to float like that. and i have always took velcro for granted on earth, its such a strong tool there. wow. your a very lucky person! God bless you! and you do earth proud!
Thank you for sharing your experiences. I have truly enjoyed reading your blog. It's mind blowing to think that one could actually become stranded in the center of the ISS. One question, Is it possible to take a deep breath of air and expel it with enough force to propel you across the room?
fascinating!! The experience that not everyone can have.
i love travelling and adventuring but i have no money..
can u send some money for me… so i can take some travel and adventure pleeeaseee……..
What an invaluable experience and how lucky you are to be the first woman tourist!! I found your blog very delightful and interesting. Your feelings and thoughts about space touch the hearts of people all over the world. Thank you for sharing the experience with us! Take care.
I wish to share in your experience of space, as I have always wanted to be here myself. Reading your text is very nourishing. You are indeed quite fortunate and blessed. Congratulaions!
I trully and really wish that every thing on earth would be as effortless as your account of space describes. Well done, and welcome back home. I pray that life on earth would continue as you experienced out there.
Now you are back to Earth, relaxed and took rest, therefore time for 'fun' and celebrate the success with joy.
All your blogging, experience and chatty style inspired lot of people in Space Science.
Someone better in Indian Cinema history could chip-in and build on it.
Well, I feel someone from Bollywood may compose another Cute , Vivid and 'fast' song on "my lip-gloss", while visualizing your words or expression like '.. open the zipper and take one out…/ flying out … Shhhh / Velcro / Lip Gloss / floating not flowing".
Have fun & Enjoy the Change.
Dubai (City of Gold, and home of Emirates Airline!).
Your story was fascinating. Some day when I grow up I'm going to take a vacation and have training, and float and fly. Like you!
Does it embarass you if you make a mistake in front of all of the other astronauts? Good luck on your next space trip!
You Go Yashodhan! Comments on this story now closed — come along into the future. | I hope I never give up, just like you.
I've met a few astronauts, they are always so down to earth and so nice, but no one ever talks about the little things in space; like washing your hair or the usefulness of velcro :D. Thank you so much for sharing your experience.
Really interesting..I never did realise the value and worthiness of Velcro until you mention it!
Thanks so much for sharing your experience. I am learning so many things from your blog and am amazed by the genius of the researchers who come up with creative solutions to function in space.
I have a question…how do the objects move away from you in space (like in your book example) if things can't get momentum on their own?
I can't wait to read your blog on re-entry to earth. I read a little bit about it and its one of the most complex manuvers and very scary. Good luck with every thing.
You guys, the astronauts, the Space Agencies and the aerospace companies and research institutions working with them, the people from Space Adventures and individuals like you, Anousheh, are paving the way for us. If humanity is still here in the far future, we better have learnt to live outside the Earth, whether it be in space stations or in other planets, because our Sun will eventually get extinguished in about 5.000 million years; it is now in the middle of its life, say it is a 45 years-person if the average life-span of a person would be 90 years. It is not fantasy, it is real astrophysics at work as we are observing lots of stars like our Sun out there in the Universe, undertaking this process.
Thus, space exploration is about many things…It is about inherent human curiosity; it is about technology breakthroughs which find a lot of applications down in Earth (medicine; telecommunications; weather prediction; Earth observation and natural resources surveillance; new materials and medicines..); it is about new discoveries concerning the Universe and our place in it (how it all began; is our Sun unique or are there many more stars like ours; are there more planets with new moons, are they like the Earth; could there be microorganisms inhabiting other worlds; are the materials necessary for life a curiosity or is there plenty of them in the Universe…)…But space exploration is also about humankind survival.
It is certainly very far in the future, so, who may wonder?…but those who like to think and consider things in perspective, those who like to take initiatives in things, may wonder.
So these first steps we are taking in space are of paramount importance for all of us, and you are doing them for us. I am considering also here the people working down in Earth as I mentioned before (the engineers, the scientists, the ground controllers, etc…); and we also thank people like you, Anousheh, for giving us first-hand, so directly, so touching, your experiences about space, bringing to us a little piece of the Universe you are experiencing.
Excellent, inspiring, and utterly amazing work done. We must keep going and I am sure there will be more of this in the near future.
You are not only smart and beautiful, you have cute sense of humor :-). I have your blog as my home page and my two sons (8 and 10 yrs) can't wait to read your blog after school. thanks for what you are doing for our young generation.
Actually, according to Wikipedia, Swiss engineer Georges de Mestral invented Velcro in 1948.
I'm sure he had no idea how important it would become to space travel though.
Many people are following your adventure. It should be a big challenge.
Can't wait to see you next week. Wish you a safe and smooth trip back home and let us know if you found your lip gloss!!!
i got caught up today! been busy getting ready for winter in midwest usa. love the blogs! my husband said they stuck you in the middle and gave you that story to get you out of the way! he's extremely jealous!
i've had those dreams of yours myself, floating over my nieghborhood from my house to my school, or a nieghbor's house. i've also had dreams of breathing under water like a fish. i think they go back to when we were in the womb. memories.
as for not being able to move in space unless you propell yourself, what about blowing air out your mouth, like blowing out a candle? would that be enough pressure to propell?
have a beaytiful time in your last few days! i hope i will see something on the news when you land.
but i LOVE this blog! will it stay after the trip is over?
Time flies and now so do you! If it seems a short 11 days to us, it must be whizzing by for you. Enjoy your final day in space!
khanome ansari salammmm! farda akhrin rozeton dar fazast !omidvaram va arezo mikonam betonid ravesh o rahe hali peida konid ke betonid ham khodeton va ham baghieh mardom betonan tajrobiat shoma ro tekrar va dark konand!
azaton darkhast mikonam tarjomeie farsi weblogeton ro be roztar va mesle blog ingliston bashi !
doa mikonam farda shab be salamat be zamin bargardid va baghieh tajrobiteton ro vase ma benevisid !
shad o moafagh bashid !
Anousheh, thanks for writing down all the experiences in the weightlessness environment. What sort of food you guys eat in daily basis? Have a nice trip!
As an Iranian-French family, we are very happy and proud of you representing Iran so high. Good luck and wish you could send kisses to our little ones from your new environment. Moaffar bashid . Khoda afez.
Abbas, Nilouphar, Rose and Isabelle….
Thank you for opening so many doors…and then gracefully flying through them!
بابت سفر جسورانه و افتخارآميزتان صميمانة تبريك ميگويم. اميدوارم به سلامت به خانة مادري، زمين، برگرديد.
اميدوارم اين نوشته را حتماً بخوانيد. سفر شما نگرش جديدي در بين جوانان (و غير جوانان) در ايران بوجود آورده است. بيشتر معروفيت شما بابت اين چند روزي است كه به سفر فضايي رفتهايد. ولي بيشتر تاثير شما بابت ساليان قبل از اين سفر و البته ساليان پس از اين سفر خواهد بود. ساليان گذشتة زندگي شما از بابت اينكه منبع بسيار الهامبخش اعتماد به نفس و بزرگ فكر كردن است و ساليان پس از اين سفر از بابت اينكه اين اعتماد به نفس شما، در تك تك جوانان ايراني نفوذ كرده و نگرش ((توانستن)) را روشنايي بخشيده. شما در ايستگاه فضايي احساس نابي را تجربه ميكنيد كه شايد براي ما غير قابل تصور است. مطمئن باشيد كه ما جوانان ايراني نيز احساس نابي را تجربه ميكنيم كه شايد براي شما غير قابل تصور باشد.
اميدوارم روزي بتوانم همانند شما براي كشورم ماية افتخار و سربلندي باشم.
شاد و سلامت و پرتغالي باشيد.
From this very litlle country in Latin America and with my "first" 55 years old I´m really amaizing of what u are experiencing.
When I was a little boy, sitting on the grass, looking to the dark sky, It seemed that stars are coming to touch my face and with my hands I can move them from one point to another.
Now, with your descriptions, I´m remembering those days.
Dreams are reality, only human bean, tolerance, help each-other, confidence, continuous improvement and a "bit" of God support to iluminate our way are needed.
Enjoy the moment!, I´m there with you, seeing what u see, floating as u float, feeling as u feel.
My wife, my sons, my futures grandson and next generation support you.
Our best wishes during your trip to return.
You have the sensitivity and the talent to share, to inspire and to translate into words your great orbit experience. Through your words I feel myself emotional high ZERO-G ! Thanks to your great talent to tell your feelings.
Tonight, at 4:45GMT, you brighten my night sky, hair angel passing by, among te stars.
Thank you for everything you have done and sharing your space stories with us. We all have a lot to learn from your adventure. Good luck and stay safe.
With great admiration, best wishes for your fellow members.
88's and whishing all the best for you.
تا میتونید از اون بالاها از زیبایی های زمین لذت ببرید که روی زمین چنین لذت و آرامشی دست نایافتنی است.
از اون بالا سلام ما رو هم به خدابرسون!
ما اینجا به امید دیدن شما به آسمان مشهد خیره میشیم وبرای بازگشت شما دعا میکنیم.
Enjoy the earth from there! You wont find that calmness and peace here!
We are looking for you in Mashhad's Sky! Can you see your city from there?
Abbas, Nilouphar, Rose and Isabelle (Paris – France)…….
Congratulations on your arrival at your new embassy from a fellow immigrant Texan! Space should be for everyone and I am glad you are ushering that day in. Perhaps when you return, you can work with me so anyone can win a trip like yours in a skill game.
Thank you so much for the contact this morning from British Columbia. It is very exciting for young women to see your many accomplishments.
Again I want to thanks you and extend an invitation to visit British Columbia and possibly make a stop in our location to meet and speak with the youth of our community.
My thanks and I hope to make another contact with you prior to your return to earth.
Warmest regards and I hope to hear from you.
Thank you Anousheh for sharing your space experience,such a visionary & spacy…i'm telling again : u should write a book sometime.
make it so touchable for us.Thank you!
I'd really like you readers to share your opinion and ideas with me.We could chat about it.so add me if you like to.
HOW WONDERFUL TO READ YOUR SPACE EXPERIENCES DAILY HERE IN TURKEY AND MANY THANKS FOR OPENLY SHARING YOUR MEMOS. CONGRATULATIONS AND HOPING YOU ALL A VERY SAFE TRIP BACK TO WORLD.BEST WISHES TO YOU & OTHER CREW MEMBERS FROM ISTANBUL,TURKEY. GOOD LUCK.
bravo l'artiste ! Quel talent !
if you were my wife, i would have bought the whole lip-gloss factory 🙂 good luck. I bet you miss eating ghormeh sabzi up there.
This a great thing that you have done! So great, in fact, that I am at a loss as to how to express why I feel that to be so.
In the past, millionaire space tourists were just side shows – quirkey people doing quirkey things because they could (thanks to those other quirkey people – the admistrators of the Russian Space program) – rich people buying their way into serious scientific endevours because they were rich and could afford it . . . rich people – far removed from everyday people – unreal people doing unreal things.
And then, there was you, and it is all different. It is all Real. This whole experience has the feeling of a definite First. You aren't the first woman in space, or the first woman on the ISS, or the first Space Tourist – but you a First . . .
The First Everyday Person to go and live in Space. (The First FEP?) This is the experience of a person to whom anyone can relate. An untrained everyday person – who can communicate. Your blogs are so easy to read and and understand. And they effectively communicate the intimacy of your personal experience. They seem Real. They feel Real. And, they are a great read. I have learned more about what it is personally like from you blogs, than from any news coverage, or "up close and personal" program, from all the past space expeditions/experiences put together.
I don't mean to belittle all the astronauts/cosmonauts who have done such wonderful things over tha past 45 years – I know that in their hearts – they are all just everyday people. But watching their heroic accomplishments – and tragedies – over the years, has always fell like being on the outside looking in. But with you, we feel like any of us could be right there. It's Great!
This is the beginning of something new . . . and, exciting.
As a founding trustee of the XPrize, I watched as Peter struggled to raise the money to make the prize work. For years he was out there knocking on doors seeking support – to little avail. Then one day I recall he and I had dinner and as I dropped him off in Santa Monica he said he might have found someone…. shhhhh……someone to give just enough money that he could leverage the prize into existence. My immediate thought was "Great! There are still crazy people out there willing to take a chance on space!" Then I immediately began to run lists through my mind of all the crazy folks I knew who might be the donor….
Of course you aren't crazy (well, not that way), you are brilliant, and your arrival in this cause has been the critical ingredient that may have pushed us over the tipping point. That one decision you made, I don't know if it was laying in bed at night, talking with your husband, looking at the stars, or driving home after a talk with Peter…but that one decision – the one where your dreams became an action – may end up changing the history of the human race.
History is changed by such decisions as yours all the time. Grand words I know, but when I step back and look at this moment in time I see a species at a crossroads. Do we go up, or do we go down? Do we hate or do we love? Do we accept the role of pillaging power hungry primates or do we look up and reach for the stars? Do we give our children an ever-narrowing set of dwindling possibilities or offer them the universe?
A or B, yes or no, inaction or action….. You have taken action. You stepped up to the XPrize and gave our movement a push at exactly the right moment. And in the next years we will see the fruits of that action.
And now the next decision, now you take the next action. You fly in space yourself.
I was the one who shook the hand of Dennis Tito that began his quest to fly, and I know the power of realizing a personal dream. His flight was cast by many as a glitch, a self-indulgent foray into fame…which it of course was not. It was his life long dream, and by flying he helped show space was not just a government playground anymore. Yet now you have stepped up to get yourself into space – yes, it's the realization of a personal dream – yes, you are having the time of your life, but you have done it in such a way and with such class and a focus on outreach that it is leveraging the personal dreams of perhaps millions. As I read some of the notes flooding your blog, I am moved to tears at times. You have touched a chord in so many…..
My girlfriend was born in Iran, and through her I have developed an empathy for all things Iranian/Persian….it is hard to quantify, but I feel a relationship with your former home. What you have done to lift the eyes and hopes of the people of that great nation is incredible, and far more powerful than the tools employed by governments. The soft touch, the smile, just being and letting others "be" with you. Many others have sung your praises for this, and so do I….at a time of war, your smile sings of peace. At a time of hate, the love you are sending down from out there is perfect. For those of us in the space movement, you have brought an energy, commitment and brightness that was sorely needed.
I wish you well and happy voyaging.
I read your spaceblog, being very impressed about your experience. As a member of Space Education Institute (SEI), Team Munich, I support Mission 3 to translate your spaceblog. I'd like also doing such an exciting voyage. But first of all I must learn from your experience and from my teachers Yvonne and Ralf Heckel.
I wish you all the bests for you and your team, a good landing after this wonderfull experience.
Tremendous descriptions. thank you for your beautiful posts, they make me feel i'm in ISS too. i'm looking forward to read your new posts.
ejaze bedid begam anooshe jan,intori hese ghashang tari daram.az inke yek zane aryai ro dar chenin jaigahi mibinam be khodam va sarzaminam mibalam.
anousheye aziz. salam. jaleb bood.
Aqui, de Goiania Goias Brasil nossa menssagem de muita paz para todos que habitam o planeta terra.
Thanks for taking time out and sharing with people back home on Earth writing your Blog every day. It has been a pleasure to read of your experience first hand as it happens.
You will have to include it all in a book.
Have a safe return flight, re-entry and landing.
Yaghinan Be roye faza Boodan o Dar HARIME Malakooti Pay gozashtano Lams kardan Motefavet ha Ehsasist Tosif nashodani ama In Ehsas ke Pay dar Zamin o Sari Roo be asman Ham Zibast !
Roozhaee Sarshar az Sarsabzi va Lahzehaee SARASAR NEshat baratoon Arezoo mandam .
I am really enjoying reading your experience from ISS. Please keep on blogging though you are just about to start your journey back!
I have proudly told all of my classmates at school that you are up there.
TOO THANKS FOR WRITING,I WISH TO KNOW YOUR FEELING AND EXPRIENCE ABOUT ALBERT EISTEIN THEORY OF RELATIVITY, AND THIS EXPERSION FROM HIM ," ONLY 2 THINGS ARE INFINTE, THE UNIVERSE AND HUMAN STUPIDITY AND I AM NOT TO SURE ABOUT THE FORMER",MAY IT BETTER TO REPLY AFTER RETURN BACK.
We can not all be there, in space, so thank you for seeing for us and sharing your experience with us. Please wave if you pass over Norway, we'll watch out for you. Wish you all the best !
Interesting to learn that you cannot "swim" in space – in my mind I always imagined you could, not terribly well, but you could eventually get to where you were going.
I don't suppose you have considered testing Newton's third law by tossing a shoe or something?
Very nice description, brings floating in orbit to life for those of us stuck on Earth in a way no NASA document ever will.
thanks for sharing your experience, keep writing.I like it.
Dear Anousheh, you are doing the most fantastic job on this blog! This is bringing people all over the world the feeling of being in space in wonderfully personal way. It's humanizing the experience in a way the egg-head astronauts haven't done since the Apollo program. Congratulations, we're all thinking of you.
YOU DID THE BEST ONE MAY IMAGINE, YOUR FLOATING IN SPACE REMIND ME THE FLYING OF THE BIRDS OR MORE FLYING AND ROTATING THE BUTTERFLY, ALL THIS MAY OCCURE WITH SOME LOVE AND KIND IN YOUR HEART.
No, I'm not THE Jeff Williams on the station. Another one, tho.
Ms. Ansari, your blog is a delight to read, and I wish you a safe journey back home, and oh boy will you have stories to tell your kids and grandkids! Beyond all the other "space tourists" you have really captured the imagination of the world.
Again, Godspeed and a safe return Thursday.
Hi there, and thank you for sharing your experience with us earthlings who might not be able to experience what you are experiencing right now in our lifetime. But we don't envy you, we admire you.
I have a feeeling that a lot of plain facts about Zero-G are widley available to read if one wants to find out, but that doesn't stop me from wondering, especially after reading your blog about lost lipgloss and yogurt-behavior, how often accidents happens and what the results are from that? E.g. what whould happen if someone accidently would toss or smash a can of yogurt? Do you assemble the crew for a cleaning-raid or do you start up the vacuum cleaner (are there such objects there? :-)) and clean it up yourself? Why I'm asking is because I'm a sucker at cleaning and would die if I had to clean it up by hand, heh.
Well, thank your once again for reading your blog!
khanoom ansari nakhastam commentam ro engelish benevisam chon ke daram ba ye banoye irani sohbat mikonam.vaghty khabare inke yek zane irani be onvane turist dare be faza mire besiar khoshal shodam hamash toye college be doostam va ostadam migam ke on kesi ke rafte faza IRANIE va baese eftekhare mane.fekr konam ta chand sate dige eb zamin miresid ya shayadam alan residid beharhal omidvaram ke safar behetoon khosh gozashte bashe ke 100% ham hamin toor bode.age dosotdashty dpage man ro ham check konid va nazaretono begiD.bazham mamnoon.
omidvraam ke betoonam az nazdik bebinametoon.
Today is my father's 91st birthday and I just realised what changes he must have seen during his life. Imagine when he was a little boy, the first aeroplanes started to fly. Nowadays you can fly anywhere over the entire globe at any moment for hardly any money. Our modern society could not function without this form of transport anymore.
I'm 56 now and when I was a little boy, the first satellites and spaceships started to fly. Do you see the analogy? I wonder what the world will be when I myself am really old. Now, thanks to people like you, spacetravel will come within reach to more and more people. My ultimate dream naturally would be flying into space one day, | 5,074 |
George B. Thomas<|fim_middle|> to the first session. | , Sr. Learning Academy is working in partnership with MCPS and will offer "Saturday School".
Saturday School is a sixth day of academic instruction with certified teachers in a nurturing and supportive environment which offers tutoring and mentoring in reading/language arts, mathematics, and test-taking skills for all students in grades 1-12. The Curriculum is aligned with that of Montgomery County Public Schools.
Saturday School is open to all Montgomery County students in Grades 1 through 12 who desire to improve or enhance their academic growth and achievement. It takes place Saturday mornings from 8:30 to 11 a.m. at 12 high school centers.
Registration starts September 13. Opening day is September 20.
Parents may register online at www.saturdayschool.org or in person at the Center their student will attend. A registration fee of $30 for students receiving Free And Reduced-price Meal Services (FARMS) and $50 for non-FARMS is required in order to register. There is NO monthly tuition or additional fees to attend Saturday School.
A payment plan is available at all Saturday School sites and can be completed at registration. For registering at the centers, cash, checks or money orders are accepted. Please bring the student's report card to registration. For online registration, PayPal, Visa and MasterCard are accepted. Please bring the student's report card | 279 |
I, uh, finally finished reading My Life yesterday. That's embarrassing. I'm a slow reader when it comes to poetry, but I'm usually not that slow. Winter break and driving to Missouri and coming back and my parents and sister visiting sort of slowed it up. I can see why my thesis advisor recommended it—personal, sentence-focused, image-based, anaphoric. My heart loves a book with a good heart beat. It was hard to digest all at once, though, even considering all the things that got in my way. It's not that long, page-wise, but very dense. I prefer to read poetry books all in one sitting, much like B likes to listen to whole albums. I'm interested in the whole of the thing. It bothers me when poets talk about reading other poets piecemeal, or out of order. I feel like there's a certain respect you pay to the writer and the way they used sequencing, at least<|fim_middle|>My Life was like all the materials that make up a building, but not the building itself. Not a building as in a narrative, but as in a shape. I don't know. I like architecture. I think I like it because it follows the rules of reality, but sometimes you can look at it and wonder how it possibly follows the rules of reality. | the very first time you're reading the work. I'm also really big on following the rules, so.
| 22 |
Why See The Light in the Piazza?
Grammy award winner and Tony nominee Renne Fleming stars as Margaret Johnson in The Light in the Piazza! The internationally renowned musical by Craig Lucas and Adam Guettel heads to the Lyric Opera in Chicago for a strictly limited 10 performance run<|fim_middle|> Clara's and Fabrizio's love deepens, secrets begin to surface as it becomes clear that there is more to Clara than meets the eye.
Seen The Light in the Piazza? Loved it? Hated it?
Sound good to you? Share this page on social media and let your friends know about The Light in the Piazza at Civic Opera House.
Please note: The term Civic Opera House and/or The Light in the Piazza as well as all associated graphics, logos, and/or other trademarks, tradenames or copyrights are the property of the Civic Opera House and/or The Light in the Piazza and are used herein for factual descriptive purposes only. We are in no way associated with or authorized by the Civic Opera House and/or The Light in the Piazza and neither that entity nor any of its affiliates have licensed or endorsed us to sell tickets, goods and or services in conjunction with their events. | ! Fleming will debut in the role in London before heading to Chicago just in time for the holidays.
Debuting on Broadway in 2005 The Light In Piazza received much critical acclaim for its immensely romantic score. The production went onto win Six Tony awards including the award for Best Original Score. This 2019 revival is directed by Olivier award-winner Daniel Evans. Featuring the Lyric Opera Orchestra, be prepared to be swept off your feet with this gorgeous musical!
What is The Light in the Piazza about?
Set in Florence in the summer of 1953, American Margaret Johnson and her daughter Clara take in the sights and sounds of their surroundings. When a gust of wind carries Clara's hat across the square and into the hands of Fabrizio Naccarelli a romance between the pair ensues. But as | 173 |
Richard Eastell MD, FRCP (London, Edinburgh, Ireland), FRCPath, FMedSci is a British medical doctor and Professor of Bone Metabolism at the University of Sheffield. He was born in Shipley (West Yorkshire) and attended the Salt Grammar School, later graduating from the University of Edinburgh in 1977 with an MB ChB and in 1984 with an MD and achieved prominence as an expert in osteoporosis.
Bone metabolism
Eastell has pioneered new techniques for measuring calcium uptake and vitamin D conversion and is a leading expert in osteoporosis diagnosis, implementation of bone turnover markers and new osteoporosis treatments.
While at the Mayo Clinic, Eastell developed new non-radioactive methods for measuring how calcium was absorbed from the diet and a new technique for measuring 1,25-OH2D3 production as well as refining the use of bone densitometry and a new approach for identifying vertebral fractures on radiographs of the spine. After returning to the UK, Eastell set up a metabolic bone service at the Northern General Hospital. More recent contributions have been within the area of bioclinical bone turnover markers and leadership of clinical trials in the osteoporosis area for new osteoporosis treatments.
Eastell has supervised the study for 37 doctoral degrees over the past 30 years and published over 550 research papers.
Controversies
Eastell was the subject of a 2005 report in the Times Higher Education Supplement concerning allegations that he had incorrectly claimed to have had full access to data for a trial of the Procter & Gamble drug Actonel. The report claimed that the analysis for the trial had been carried out by Procter & Gamble and that Eastell did not in fact have complete access to the data. Eastell wrote a letter in 2007 to the editors of the Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, where the paper in question was published in 2003, accepting that he had not disclosed limitations on data access as required by the journal and acknowledging certain errors in the paper. At a General Medical Council "fitness to practice" hearing in November 2009, it was determined that Eastell's actions had not been "deliberately misleading or dishonest", although he may<|fim_middle|>ism
Metabolic Bone Centre
The Mellanby Centre at the University of Sheffield
British medical researchers
Living people
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
20th-century English medical doctors
21st-century English medical doctors
Fellows of the Royal College of Physicians
Fellows of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh
Fellows of the Royal College of Pathologists
Fellows of the Academy of Medical Sciences (United Kingdom)
NIHR Senior Investigators
Academics of the University of Sheffield
Year of birth missing (living people) | have been negligent in making "untrue" and "misleading" declarations; the council did not make a finding of misconduct.
The THE's report on Eastell was in part the result of whistleblowing by another Sheffield academic, Aubrey Blumsohn, who was initially suspended by the university and subsequently left the university with a "six-figure" payout. Other bone medicine academics, speaking on BBC Radio 4's programme "You and Yours", took the view that the paper in question had overstated the effectiveness of the drug.
Eastell resigned as director of research at Sheffield National Health Service Trust in 2006 after allegations of "financial irregularities" related to charging the NHS for laboratory tests in connection with his university research. His resignation followed suspension by the NHS when the allegations were made in May 2005. The NHS trust did not produce an investigation report, stating that this was pre-empted by Eastell's resignation.
In 2010 Eastell was involved in a further dispute with a colleague over a clinical trial and the right of that colleague to present commercially sensitive data.
Eastell is Professor of Bone Metabolism at the University of Sheffield and Director of the Mellanby Centre for Musculoskeletal Research.
Awards and honours
Corrigan Lecturer, Royal College of Physicians of Ireland, 1998
Kohn Award, National Osteoporosis Society, 2004
Society for Endocrinology Medal, 2004
Senior Investigator, National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR), 2009.
Winner of the ECTS/ASBMR Golden Femur Award 2010 and 2012.
Frederick C Bartter Award from the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research, 2014.
See also
List of scientific misconduct incidents
Sophie Jamal, a collaborator of Eastell's who was also involved in osteoporosis research fraud
References
External links
Academic Unit of Bone Metabol | 423 |
How Do You Expand a 142-Year-Old Church?
Last year, Horst Construction was proud to complete Phase 1 of Trinity Evangelical Congregational<|fim_middle|> to accommodate current and future project needs while keeping costs under control. The original elevator expansion plan required working around the parsonage house on the adjacent lot, which would have required significant shoring costs of approximately $70,000. By addressing this challenge immediately the church saved $40,000, which also helped everyone more easily envision the future addition. | Church's Master Plan. Much of the conversation for this phase involved addressing the needs of both an aging membership and new families with more diverse interests. The new elevator enables access to classrooms, the fellowship hall, sanctuary, handicap bathrooms, and other bathrooms on all three floors. Major renovations to the kitchen, fellowship hall, and narthex, as well as relocation of the existing HVAC condensers to the roof of the new addition were also included in this phase.
While there are more improvements and additional capacity to come during the next Phases, we'd like to share our experiences with others who may be considering renovations to their own historic structure.
When approaching a potentially complex project in an older building, identifying hidden conditions is crucial. The process was more complicated than usual for Horst and its partners, since drawings for Trinity were only available for the 1970's addition, not the earlier structures.
One of the major challenges of this project was developing a strategy | 194 |
Kokhav ha Yarden ( , en français l'Etoile du Jourdain) est un site archéologique en Israël. Il est situé<|fim_middle|>ées chrétiennes, fut fondée la Principauté de Galilée, dont la capitale était Tibériade et qui dépendait du Royaume de Jérusalem. La principauté s'étendait de Beyrouth, au nord, jusqu'à la chaîne du Carmel et au Mont Guilboa, au sud, et incluait le lieu où fut construit plus tard la forteresse croisée de Belvoir tenue par les Hospitaliers entre 1168 et 1189.
À la suite de conflits internes aux Croisés, entre Baudouin roi de Jérusalem et Tancrède prince de Galilée, les terres de la principauté furent découpées en faveur des différents nobles qui reçurent l'indépendance de leurs nouvelles possessions. La propriété de Kokhav ha Yarden fut transmise à une famille noble de Tibériade d'origine française nommée Velos.
Époque contemporaine
Au , après cinq siècles d'abandon, un village arabe du nom de Kaukab al-Hawa (l'Étoile des Vents) fut reconstruit sur les ruines de la forteresse. Il fut fondé par des membres d'une tribu bédouine qui avaient repoussé la vie nomade. Pendant la Grande Révolte arabe sous le Mandat britannique, les habitants de Kaukab al-Hawa furent la cible de plusieurs attaques en 1938 des commandos dirigés par Orde Charles Wingate (les Special Night Squads) à cause de leur hostilité envers les juifs de la région.
En , le village fut abandonné par ses habitants qui s'enfuirent en Transjordanie. Il fut investi le par des soldats de la brigade Golani qui étaient en chemin pour arrêter le corps expéditionnaire irakien, qui avait pris la centrale électrique de Naharaïm, et pour l'empêcher de s'emparer du kibboutz Gesher.
En 1966, un groupe d'archéologues dirigé par Meïr Ben-Dov commença à fouiller les restes du village bédouin et mis au jour les ruines de la forteresse croisée. Des travaux de conservation et de consolidation furent entrepris par l'Autorité des Parcs Nationaux et le site fut ouvert au grand public en 1968.
En 1994 des sculptures de l'artiste israélien Yigal Tumarkin ont été installées au sud de la forteresse. Au nord, se trouve un poste de ravitaillement pour les aigles, qui sert de lieu de reproduction pour les oiseaux de proie au nord d'Israël.
Notes et références
Bibliographie
H.J.A. Sire (2005) The Knights of Malta, Yale University Press, New Haven
Liens externes
Belvoir Ministère israélien des Affaires Étrangères
Fortification des croisades
Site archéologique en Israël
Parc national en Israël
Kokhav ha Yarden
Aire protégée du district nord (Israël)
Fortification de l'ordre de Saint-Jean de Jérusalem | à l'extrémité orientale du plateau d'Issachar (plateau de Kokhav), en bordure de la Basse Galilée. On y trouve des vestiges archéologiques de différentes époques, dont les ruines d'une ancienne localité juive, les ruines d'un village arabe et le reste d'une magnifique forteresse de l'époque des Croisades, la forteresse de Belvoir. Il fait aujourd'hui partie des Parcs Nationaux d'Israël.
Le site se trouve sur un sommet à une hauteur de au-dessus du niveau de la mer et à par rapport à la vallée du Jourdain qui s'étend à ses pieds par l'est.
L'historien musulman du Abu Chama a décrit ainsi dans l'un de ses livres la forteresse croisée établie sur le lieu : « fixée solidement entre les étoiles, comme un nid d'aigles, un lieu où habite la lune ».
Histoire
Le site jusqu'aux Croisades
L'extrémité est du plateau de Kokhav était, semble-t-il, habité dès l'Âge du Fer. Selon la tradition, lors du partage de la Terre d'Israël entre les Tribus d'Israël, le lieu revint à la tribu d'Issachar, tribu qui a donné son nom au plateau sur lequel se trouve le site. On y a trouvé des traces d'une occupation égyptienne.
Les restes d'un ancien établissement de l'époque du Talmud (époques romaine et byzantine, ) mis au jour sur les lieux ont été identifiés avec la localité de Kokhav. Lors des fouilles archéologiques, on a découvert les ruines de maisons d'habitation ainsi qu'un important bâtiment public, une synagogue semble-t-il. Des pierres décorées de symboles juifs, menorah (chandelier à sept branches), ont été utilisées dans la construction de la forteresse des Croisés; elles viennent vraisemblablement des ruines du village juif établi à proximité.
Le site à l'époque des Croisades
Au , avec l'arrivée des arm | 510 |
Why this research analyst sees the benefit of changing your portfolio with the seasons
Brenda BouwGlobe Advisor Reporter
Brooke Thackray.The Globe and Mail
Most investors are told they shouldn't try to time the markets. However, it's Brooke Thackray's job, which he does by predicting investor behaviour during different parts of the year.
Mr. Thackray runs the Horizons Seasonal Rotation ETF, which aims to profit from periods of the year that historically generate positive returns in certain sectors.
It's a little more involved than "sell in May and go away." Mr. Thackray says it's about sector rotation and notes that historical trends don't always repeat themselves, or their timing may vary in some years.
The ETF (HAC-T) has a disciplined approach, with a little wiggle room to adjust using technical and fundamental analysis, says Mr. Thackray, a research analyst with Horizons ETFs Management (Canada) Inc.
"The good thing about seasonal investing is that we have dates established that we have to be out of a sector, give or take," he says, "so we don't fall in love with a sector."
HAC<|fim_middle|> to give the boring answer, so I get invited to the next barbecue.
This interview has been edited and condensed.
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Why this money manager is selling Shopify stock and buying into semi-conductors
BofA says it'll be a tough year ahead for Canada's bank stocks. Plus, why energy sector bulls are hitting pause
Why this portfolio manager is buying stock in an auctioneer and selling a grocer
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Brenda Bouw | 's active strategy has provided investors with some downside protection during the recent market correction. The ETF, with about $200-million in assets, is down 4 per cent over the past year, as of Sept. 30, compared with a drop of 5.4 per cent for the S&P/TSX Composite Index and a drop of 15.5 per cent for the S&P 500 over the same one-year period. Horizons says the fund has seen an annualized return of 5 per cent over the past five years and 6.5 per cent over the past 10 years as of Sept. 30. All performance data are based on total returns, and the fund's performance is after fees.
The Globe and Mail recently spoke to Mr. Thackray about recent activity in the fund, which has increased in recent weeks.
Describe the fund's investing style.
When we established the fund in 2009, we put the word 'seasonal' in the name because the trades happen at about the same time every year. But I also wanted to have the word 'rotation' in there because we're rotating between the different market sectors.
An example is energy stocks that go up at the same time every year, from February to May, when refiners perform maintenance and switch from winter to summer gas in the Northern Hemisphere to prepare for the upcoming busy driving season. When the driving season starts in May, there's an increase in demand following a reduction in supply, helping to boost the price of oil. Investors are familiar with this trend and try to front-run it, buying energy stocks in March and April. For a seasonal investor, it is best to get in before everyone else and exit when everyone else is invested and the busy driving season starts. As a result, it is typically best to get into the energy sector in February and exit in May. So although we call it seasonal, it's really trading on the behavioural trends of investors. Anything can overwhelm that strategy, for example, if OPEC decides to suddenly ramp up production, driving prices lower.
Another example is retail: Black Friday [in late November] is usually the biggest selling day of the year, and investors want to be in there for that because it often drives retail stocks higher. But as a seasonal investor, you're better off being in a month early and getting out when Black Friday occurs.
Canadian banks also tend to do well from October to the end of the year, when they report their fourth-quarter earnings. It's often when they do dividend increases and share buybacks, which help to lift their share prices.
What have you been buying lately?
We've been buying industrials and materials in the U.S. through the Industrial Select Sector SPDR Fund (XLI-A) and the Materials Select Sector SPDR Fund (XLB-A). We've also been getting into information technology through the Technology Select Sector SPDR Fund (XLK-A). All these sectors tend to do well on a seasonal basis. Generally, cyclical and growth sectors of the economy tend to perform well in the last two months of the year as investors position their portfolios for increased gains before year-end. Technology stocks have been moving a lot with the interest rates, so you have to watch out for that. But here we are in this strong seasonal period, and the sector is showing signs of stability. It's a major sector in the marketplace and is starting to look good based on technical indicators. We're also boosting our position in Canadian banks for reasons noted earlier.
What have you been selling?
Over the summer months, we had a lot of holdings in defensive sectors, such as health care, consumer staples and utilities, and we did have some gold. We took smaller positions in those sectors this year than in previous years and got out earlier than normal. We exited health care and utilities entirely in early September, given they were underperforming. We've held on to consumer staples into October because it tends to be one of the stronger months for the sector. October is a transition month from the six-month unfavourable for stocks from early May to late October to the six-month favourable period for stocks from late October to early May. In this transition period, investors tend to seek the relative safety of the consumer staples sector.
What investing advice do you give friends and family when they inevitably ask?
I try to avoid giving them advice, partly because I run an active strategy. If I recommend a sector at a barbecue in May, it might be a different answer in September. I stick to the generic advice of having a diversified portfolio structured according to their needs; that's what they need to focus on as a base. They also need to know their risk tolerance. So I tend | 966 |
EWGA on the lookout for acquisitions
By Harpers Editorial team
Carnforth-based wine importer, wholesaler and retailer EWGA is on the hunt for new acquisitions.
Speaking<|fim_middle|> for free I wouldn't accept them. Retail is currently very tough," he added.
Harpers Editorial team
Award call for young retails
Awards call for young retailers
Last call to register for the California Summit
Win a wine celebrity masterclass with Sud de France
New Winery Exchange chief rises to the challenge | to Harpers at the London International Wine Fair yesterday, director Adrian Moeckell said he is looking for a new wholesale or trade part of the business dependent upon on how flexibly it can bolt on to its existing set-up.
"The business is currently seeing a 15% year-on-year sales increase on the back of the improvement of net margins and management of costs. We've cut out a lot of costs by importing as agents and selling direct and we now cover every aspect of the industry. Another complementary acquisition would lend itself well to the business," he said.
The family-owned company has been operating for 40 years and is currently in the process of expanding its bonded storage space. Moeckell added that Spain is presently good for the business and he thinks the whole Mediterranean rim from the Spanish coast, through to the south of France and Italy will be big in the next few years because its producers are focusing heavily on the export market.
However, Moeckell said he has chosen not to expand into its Winetime retail side of the business. (It has two retail bases in Greenlands Farm Village in Carnforth and at Scatchards in Liverpool).
"Even though the retail side is performing well as a showcase for our wines, if you gave me five shops | 259 |
SciDisc is an international collaboration Project.
Data-intensive science such as agronomy, astronomy, biology and environmental science must deal with overwhelming amounts of experimental data produced through empirical observation and simulation. Such data must be processed (cleaned, transformed, analyzed) in all kinds of ways in order to draw new conclusions, prove scientific theories and produce knowledge. However, constant progress in scientific observational instruments (e.g. satellites, sensors, loT) and simulation tools (that foster in silico experimentation) creates a huge data overload. For example, climate modeling data are growing so fast that they will lead to collections of hundreds of exabytes expected by 2020.
Scientific data is very complex, in particular because of heterogeneous methods used for producing data, the uncertainty of captured data, the inherently multi-scale nature (spatial scale, temporal scale) of many sciences and the growing use of imaging (e.g. molecular imaging), resulting in data with hundreds of attributes, dimensions or descriptors. Despite their variety, we can identify common features of scientific data: big data; manipulated through complex, distributed workflows; typically complex, e.g. multidimensional or graph-based; with uncertainty in the data values, e.g., to reflect data capture or observation; important metadata about experiments and their provenance; and mostly append-only (with rare<|fim_middle|> or the National Research Institute on e-medicine (MACC) in Brazil. To further validate our solutions and extend the scope of our results, we also foster industrial collaborations, even in non scientific applications, provided that they exhibit similar challenges. | updates).
The three main challenges of scientific data management can be summarized by: (1) scale (big data, big applications); (2) complexity (uncertain, multi-scale data with lots of dimensions), (3) heterogeneity (in particular, data semantics heterogeneity). They are also those of data science, with the goal of making sense of data by combining data management, machine learning, statistics and other disciplines. The overall goal of Zenith is to address these challenges, by proposing innovative solutions with significant advantages in terms of scalability, functionality, ease of use, and performance. To produce generic results, these solutions are in terms of architectures, models and algorithms that can be implemented in terms of components or services in specific computing environments, e.g. grid, cloud. We design and validate our solutions by working closely with our scientific application partners such as INRA and IRD in France, | 180 |
Asian Americans Becoming More Visible in Civic Service and Politics
Senator Daniel Inouye (center) and Rep. Mazie Hirono (right). Photo by USFWS Pacific, cc, Flickr
Were you ever that kid who dreamed of one day becoming the President of the United States? (I bet you were probably really annoying, too, weren't you.) But did you think it was impossible because you didn't look like the other Presidents? (To be fair, you probably didn't want to look like Taft.) Or because you came from an immigrant background?
Well, consider your childhood dream a viable possibility. In recent years, a record number of leaders has emerged from the Asian American community.
In the Pacific, you have people like US Rep. Mazie Hirono (D) of Hawaii. On the east coast, you have State Rep. William Tong (D) of Connecticut. Both Hirono and Tong are running for Senate seats this year. There's also New York City Comptroller John Liu, who was elected in 2009. On the west coast, there's Oakland Mayor Jean Quan, elected in 2010 and who has had something of an embattled tenure. Most recently, San Francisco's mayoral race saw a number of Asian American candidates. Ed Lee eventually prevailed; his win, in particular, was attributed to the record number of the Asian American electorate who turned out to vote for him.
In November 2011, USA TODAY reported that a record number of Asian Americans are running for Congress<|fim_middle|> I could help devise and revise policies in ways that native-born New Yorkers sometimes couldn't. I understood intuitively what it meant to speak a language other than English at home or to be afraid to call the police to report a crime. My unspoken, instinctive comprehension of the needs of new Americans was a gift I brought to my position then, and I was able to reflect those experiences in policy with ease and pride."
The main purpose of the New American Leaders Project is to train first- and second-generation immigrants for civic service. "While the end goal is to help more minorities run for office, it is also involved in raising awareness about the word 'immigrant' and their importance to the fabric of our democracy," said New American Leaders Project Media and Communications consultant Nina Spensley. "It's also reminding people that the immigrant experience is an American experience."
One of the upcoming trainings will be held in California. "There is quite an underrepresentation of Asian Americans in Southern California," she noted. "The Latino and Asian relations are super important here in California." To that end, the Project will be holding a conference in the Los Angeles on April 28 and 29. But this is by no means an Asian American-only initiative; there's an overall underrepresentation of people of color in political office. More minority participation in politics benefits all minorities, not just one.
If you're interested in possibly entering the political fray and want some pointers, you can check out the conference schedule and get an application on the New American Leaders website.
First Asian American President? 1600 Pennsylvania Ave might be closer than you think.
Asian Americans: A Growing Political Force
How do you create immigrant-friendly politicians?
Indian-American voters increasingly gain political clout ahead of US elections
[An earlier version of this story mistakenly included Rep. Mazie Hirono as from the east coast. She represents Hawaii -- a state decidedly not on the east coast! We regret the error.]
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Read more about Asian Americans Becoming More Visible in Civic Service and Politics
Yuri, Tupac, and a Harlem House
This Asian American Life
When We Became Asian American
Grace Han Wolf wrote on Thu, 03/15/2012 - 2:39pm
I encourage all asian americans to consider running for office - it's not hard to do and you can start by serving on a local board or commission! I am the first and only elected Korean American woman in the entire state of Virginia but it's a start! Grace Han Wolf Councilmember Town of Herndon | this year. At least 19 candidates with an Asian American background have declared their bids for Congress in the 2012 election cycle -- up from only eight candidates in 2010. Additionally, a UCLA study recently found that we currently have more elected or appointed Asian American officials than ever before.
So hang onto that White House dream. There's no better time to act than now. According to the US Census Bureau, there are roughly 17.3 million residents of Asian descent in the US, which makes up about 5.6 percent of the population. Not only that, but we are also the fastest-growing minority population, growing 46 percent between the 2000 and 2010 censuses.
Combining that population growth with the burgeoning political activity, Asian Americans are poised to change the political landscape in a big way. When census statistics show that one in five Americans have close ties to immigrants, either being an immigrant themselves or have at least one parent who was one, it's increasingly necessary that our political leaders can reflect that immigrant perspective.
Sayu Bhojwani, the founding director of the New American Leaders Project, is certain that her immigrant background helped her to better serve her constituents. In her New York Times article "Year of the Immigrant," she writes, "When I served as commissioner of immigrant affairs under Mayor Bloomberg, I served as a New Yorker, but with the formative experiences of an immigrant. Looking through that lens, | 307 |
How Can I Poke Someone on Facebook: Being a Facebook user, at some point you may have been poked by someone. Maybe, you have thought about what it means to poke someone. A poke refers to a small application on Facebook that is in every account. Whether or not you find a poke sweet, unimpressive, or creepy is entirely up to you.
A poke refers to constant exchange of pokes<|fim_middle|> of micro-moments. Find those tiny moments that people connect to—like turning on a car after it's fixed, or cooking dinner in your brand new kitchen for the first time—and extend them from snapshots to 10-second windows into the moment itself.
Facebook has become a lot more like Google in that it's striving to provide more quality results to users, which means it's looking to outside signals including website code. What code specifically?
Unless you're super-savvy with the back end of your website, this is a project for your website developer.
Open Graph metadata is a bit of code in the back of each of your webpages that tells social media sites essential information about your post. You know the snippets and photos that show up when you copy and paste a link? That's what I'm talking about.
Tell your website developer that every single page on your website (that you intend to share) needs to have that special code, including a photo, otherwise your posts will end up without a description or a photo, and will be shoved down to the very bottom of the news feed.
The second part of your website tune-up should be your site speed and your mobile-readiness.
Site Speed: When was the last time you hit the "back" button on your browser or in an app because the page took too long? If you're anything like me, it probably happened at least once today.
It turns out that I'm in the norm—people are too impatient to wait for a slow-loading page. In fact, Facebook reported that as many as 40 percent of website visitors abandon a site after three seconds of delay.
Another factor? Mobile-readiness. The large majority of Facebook users use the platform through mobile devices, which means only websites optimized for mobile will make it up at the top of the news feed. Facebook even has their own version of mobile pages: instant articles.
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WHEN YOU FIND OUT WHAT GOOGLE SAID YOU'LL BE SHOCKED!
We've all experienced it; a headline that looks promising but when you click on it you're met with content that's… well, not worthy of the headline. Facebook's clickbait update targets these headlines—ones that either exaggerate or withhold information—and ranks them lower, using a number of factors and signals.
HOW DOES FACEBOOK KNOW WHAT HEADLINES ARE CLICKBAIT?
It starts with the landing page and bounce rate. In their 2014 update, Facebook started including the time people spent on an article as a signal of a clickbait-y headline. If someone spent a long time on a landing page before returning to the news feed, then the headline wasn't clickbait. If they came right back, it was.
Honestly, just don't try to deceive anyone. or lure people to …meh content with WOW headlines.
In 2014, Facebook surveyed users and found that 80 percent of the time people preferred headlines that helped them decide if they wanted to read the full article before they had to click through. If what's in your post isn't interesting enough for you to create a compelling headline, you've got other issues.
The last tip is probably the easiest.
Instead of linking to photos and videos on other sites (looking at you, YouTube), upload them natively, or directly to the platform. This includes live video, which Facebook said would be preferred over any other type of video content.
Facebook's news feed algorithm already favors images over links, and videos over images. That means video should be at the top of your social strategy—and it doesn't have to be huge, long, polished commercials. GIFs work great, as do live Q&A sessions.
Post quality content according to Facebook's specifications, and get more people to see your stuff. More people see your stuff, more people like your page/content. People that like your content become customers.
But come on, any social media manager knows that's just not how it works. You're still competing with family photos, political noise, news stories, quizzes—all the fun things people look at to waste time.
Not only that, you're competing with publishers who make social media content for a living—some reputable, and some who are really, really good at scamming for clicks, likes, and shares.
Many people like to share online video with others in URL format. When you need to download the video, normally, you have to open the video link and find download option on the video page. However, some videos don't provide the option to download videos at all. Is there any good method to download any video from video site using URL? The answer is yes. In this article I will show you the most useful free URL video downloaders so you're able to download any video from any site using URL.
1. Enable you to download videos and playlists from YouTube, LiveLeak, Vimeo, MetaCafe, Facebook and other 300+ sites.
Before start, please get the URL downloader free download and install it on your PC for preparation.
Step 1. Open Free HD Video Converter Factory and click on "Download Video" button to download videos using URLs.
Step 2. The Add New Download window will open. Paste the video URL you want to download and click on "Analyze" button.
Tips. Besides downloading SD/HD/4K videos, WonderFox Free HD Video Converter Factory are also capable of downloading 8K videos, which is a unique feature that most of free downloaders don't have. What's more, you can use the software to download YouTube playlist.
There are many online URL video downloaders that allow you to download video. Here we introduce the most popular and safe tools for you to download any video online URL without installing software or plug-ins.
Catchvideo.net is an online URL downloader that can deal with YouTube, Facebook, DailyMotion, Vimeo and various other video websites video downloads. Just enter the URL of video you need to download in the textbox. By the way, it also allows you to download videos by searching for key words. For example, you can search for guitar lessons and all the videos on guitar lessons will display. After adding the video URL, you only need to click the 'Catch!' button to analyze the video. All the formats and resolutions for the video that you can download will be listed. Click the desired formats and click Download to start the process.
To make video downloading from the Internet more convenient and simple, Savefrom is also worth a try. Just insert the video URL and click on the ">" button, Savefrom.net can quickly analyze the videos for you to download videos using URLs at one go. One thing need to be noticed that Savefrom.net can't handle 1080p videos downloading. So if you expect to download high quality videos, you need to find a Savefrom alternative like free HD Video Converter Factory.
The Best ClipConverter Alternatives Make Media Downloading and Conversion an Easier Job.
Take all factors into consideration, Free HD Video Converter Factory stands out for its powerful capability of downloading 1080p/4K/8K videos from URL, variously supported sites and user-friendly operation. It also provides many other features like 300+ formats conversion and useful video edting, etc.
Please DO NOT use Free HD Video Converter Factory to download a copyrighted video from internet! | back and forth between two users. Poke have no purpose and usually ends when one party gives up and decides to stop poking back. There's no real end game if you make up your mind to start a poke war, unless you plan to persevere enough to out-poke your opponent.
You can always ignore a poke from someone you don't want to poke back.You delete Pokes by clicking the gray "X" so you won't have to see the notification. If the notifications persist,you can always block the sender as an option, especially if you aren't friends with them.
How to hide mutual friends on Facebook : How are people able to hide their mutual friends on Facebook? What is the way?
Facebook Search friends Facebook: Facebook search is a very resourceful but underused feature. Most people have no idea that Facebook search could be used for very interesting searches. You can search for just about anything you want to know with the Facebook search and you be amazed with the results you would get.
But you can get even more specific too: try "Hotels in New Jersey visited by my friends" or "Places in Paris visited by people who like Ryan Gosling". I'm sure you can think of more.
Google Login Page: GMAIL has become a popular email service for tech-savvy businesses and individuals across the world. The Google email service has more than one billion users - which also makes it a prime target for hackers. How do you sign in and create a Gmail account? And how can you protect your emails from being hacked? Improve the security of your Gmail account.
After 20 years working in the travel industry, and 15 years writing about it, Tim Winship knows a thing or two about travel, including how to use the best hotel booking sites. Follow him on Twitter @twinship.
How does Facebook's news feed algorithm work? It used to be more similar to Google—using user-based knowledge and algorithms to predict what stories and posts users will enjoy most. It did (and to an extent, still does) this with dozens of social signals you yourself send the platform—what posts you like, what kind of media you share, what your "interests" and "hobbies" are, and so on—as well as social signals from others like you.
"…recently we've gotten feedback from our community that public content—posts from businesses, brands and media—is crowding out the personal moments that lead us to connect more with each other.
…We started making changes in this direction last year, but it will take months for this new focus to make its way through all our products. The first changes you'll see will be in News Feed, where you can expect to see more from your friends, family and groups.
Personal relationship to the user: As of January, 2018, The Facebook news feed algorithm de-prioritizes content from users that don't have a personal, meaningful relationship with you. That means you'll see more posts from friends and family, and less posts from brands.
Relevance, using both social signals like engagement and predictions based on your previous activity (do you watch a lot of videos or do you prefer reading articles?).
Quality, using signals from both internal sources (shares, likes) and external sources (linked website quality, mobile quality, photo quality).
Timeliness, using signals including how fast a post received engagement and shares and when it was published.
All of these factors contribute to an overall ranking score, which determines where in a user's news feed a post appears. Social Media Today offers a great in-depth explanation if you want to look further into the inner workings of the algorithm.
Next, we'll look into groups, as well as how to be sure your posts are relevant, timely, and considered quality content.
Anyone can create a Facebook group. However, if you're going to create one for your business, you need to pick your topic carefully—the main point of belonging to a group is to engage with other like-minded users. If you're a remodeler, create a group on "Dream Remodels," where you encourage users to share photos of dream projects. If you're a plumber, create a group on "What I Found in the Toilet" and post funny photos and posts on weird things you've dug out of drains.
While you can't advertise your group, there are ways to get new members. I recommend creating a boosted post with the link to the group or heavily advertising it in your email campaigns and on other social media channels.
Videos in social media are important. A Facebook representative has told us-point blank, the best way to publish your content to be seen in the news feed is through videos.
It's well-known that our attention span on the web is short. You have around ten seconds (and in some cases, fewer) to catch the audience's attention. The best way to do this—guaranteed—is to make your video short highlights | 1,008 |
Rumsfeld Confronts Pitfalls of War on Terror
WASHINGTON – On his first trip abroad since signing up for a second hitch as secretary of defense, Donald H. Rumsfeld (search) saw vivid evidence of progress as well as problems in the global war on terrorism.
In his public remarks during a voyage that circumvented the globe, he displayed both the passion and the blunt-spokeness that have made him a favorite of troops and a popular target of critics.
And while he became something of a matinee idol early in his tenure for his witty and combative exchanges with reporters during televised war briefings at the Pentagon, Rumsfeld, 72, showed on his trip to Afghanistan (search), Kuwait and India that his public style can sometimes seem harsh.
When he began the trip Sunday night, Rumsfeld spoke for the first time about why he agreed to President Bush's (search) request that he remain at the Pentagon in a second Bush term. Rumsfeld said he looks forward to pursuing unfinished business, including the war in Iraq. He did not say he would stay for the full four-year term, but he left the impression that he expects to.
He returned to<|fim_middle|>.S. troops every day, on average, and many have died or suffered grievous injuries from makeshift bombs planted along roads used by military trucks and Humvees. Rumsfeld knows this, and on this occasion in Kuwait it appeared to weigh heavily on his mind.
Before he invited questions, Rumsfeld made opening remarks that at one point appeared to leave him choked with emotion. It was a statement of thanks that he makes almost every time he visits troops in the field, but this time it seemed to draw an extra measure of passion to the surface.
"Just know this for a fact," he said after a pause that suggested he had one more thing to say beyond his scripted ending.
"There is nothing more important than for you to understand" — at that point he faltered, his voice seeming to break. He recovered quickly. "Understand how deeply grateful the American people are to you for what you do — indeed what you volunteer to do, and I thank you from the bottom of my heart." | Washington on Thursday night.
In Afghanistan on Tuesday, he attended the inauguration ceremony for President Karzai, a man he and others in the Bush administration believe has managed, in just three years, to parlay the U.S. military defeat of the radical Taliban regime into a viable future for an impoverished, war-weary country.
"It was a breathtaking, thrilling moment to be there," Rumsfeld said the next day when he recounted the event during a question-and-answer session with a group of U.S. soldiers at Camp Buerhing, a remote outpost in the Kuwait desert that is a staging area for troops going to war in Iraq.
It was a triumphant moment for Rumsfeld, and he was eager to share credit with the troops.
"Take Afghanistan only three years ago. It was described after a few weeks as a quagmire. People were aware that the Soviet Union had some 200,000 troops in Afghanistan and they lost after decades, thousands of lives. Well, it's not a quagmire. It's a democracy of 25 million liberated Afghans. And it's a democracy thanks to many of you here and all across the globe who didn't listen to the doubters."
It also was a reminder that much work remains to be done in Afghanistan — and even more in Iraq.
On Wednesday, in his exchange with troops in Kuwait, Rumsfeld acknowledged, "There's a lot not right in Iraq. That's a fact." And during that give-and-take, some soldiers took the opportunity to focus on some of what's gone wrong — not the decision to go to war but in how to fight it.
One soldier asked pointedly why, nearly three years into the war, troops who are being sent into Iraq have to scrounge in junkyards for scrap metal and broken bulletproof glass to armor their vehicles. In essence he was challenging the frequently repeated promise by Bush that his administration is committed to ensuring that troops get nothing but the best to fight the war.
Even more remarkable than the courage of that Tennessee National Guardsman to challenge Rumsfeld was the roar of cheers that arose instantly inside the aircraft hangar where the troops were assembled.
"You go to war with the Army you have, not the Army you might want or wish to have," Rumsfeld replied, while explaining that shortages of armor are not for lack of money but "a matter of physics." The manufacturers of add-on armor are producing it as fast as humanly possible, he said.
The insurgents are killing two U | 521 |
With exceptional facilities for business or leisure, Hilton Sydney is superbly located right in the heart of the city with magnificent views and convenient access to Sydney's favourite attractions such as Darling Harbour, Sydney Harbour Bridge and Bondi Beach. At Hilton Sydney you can choose from a range of hotel accommodation from guest rooms to spacious suites. Meet and do business in meeting and conference rooms or get active at LivingWell Premier Health Club with 25m swimming pool and full gym facilities. The Hilton Sydney hotel also<|fim_middle|> the iconic Marble Bar.
Town Hall Railway Station - 100m.
Alysium Spa, located in Living Well Premier Health Club.
Disabled room(s) available on request In Deluxe. Deluxe Plus and Executive categories with either King or Twin bedding configuration. | boasts stylish bars with dining by celebrity chef / restaurateur Luke Mangan at the famous glass brasserie. Or relax with a cocktail on the rooftop terrace at Zeta Bar and enjoy live music at | 39 |
When Kopparberg owner and CEO Peter Bronsman was a young man, he was swept into the sea while serving on a merchant navy ship. Alone in the dark waters for two hours without a life jacket and with a broken arm<|fim_middle|> ideas no matter what.
Kopparberg is today one of the biggest breweries in Sweden, exporting its ciders to over 30 countries. Last year, the company sold 75 million litres and made £225m revenue. In 2013, Peter Bronsman was named Sweden's Entrepreneur of the Year Award by Ernst & Young. In 2016, he will be awarded the Swedish Chamber of Commerce for the UK's Brand Sweden Award, at the 110th Jubilee Celebration at Tate Modern In September.
Bronsman has come a long way since that night in the cold and dark South China Sea. However, what he is most proud of is not his bold dreams, his disruptive ideas or even his perseverance.
"I'm most proud of the people that work and have worked for Kopparberg over the years. Together we've made Kopparberg what it is today," he told The LINK. | , Bronsman made a vow to turn his life around. Returning to Sweden, he did just that. Today, he is the owner of one of Sweden's largest breweries, Kopparberg. The LINK caught up with him to hear more about following your dreams, how to get others to believe in you and what makes you change your life in the middle of the South China Sea.
As soon as he could, Bronsman returned to Gothenburg where he set up a business with his brother, importing beer brands from all over the world. Then, in 1994, he saw an advertisement about an old brewery in the small town of Kopparberg, central Sweden that was up for sale. Bronsman felt that this was the right next step to take. Arriving at the bank with a great idea but very little else, he was able to satisfy the manager that this was a winning venture.
"Since both my brother and I were so sure it would work, I guess he was too," says Bronsman.
Using some savings from his import business, coupled with the bank loan, Bronsman managed to scrape together enough capital to buy the brewery despite many cautionary remarks from those in the know.
For Bronsman it was simple, however.
"This was a dream that I was able to fulfil," he says.
When the brothers took it over, the brewery had been used bottling local mineral water, said to be very beneficial for the health. However, the brothers immediately tracked down the old brew master and rehired him to take up operations again. Starting up brewing beer, they soon started exploring cider ranges, using an old recipe dating back to the 1930s.
However, with Sweden's ban on alcohol advertising and promotions, trying to market a new alcoholic product in Sweden is no easy venture. And this is where Bronsman and his brother's disruptive marketing strategies set them on the road to even bigger successes.
The brothers thought long and hard about how they would reach their audience without violating Swedish laws on alcohol promotion and with practically no marketing resources. They asked themselves where people would most like to use their products. The answer was pretty simple; people would like to drink cider while on holiday. It didn't take long before Kopparberg products were on sale across the Mediterranean, from Ibiza to Rhodes. And when the holidaymakers returned back home – they still wanted Kopparberg products.
However, to Bronsman continuing to grow the popularity of Kopparberg Cider, and getting people to love it, just means following a very easy course of action.
Bronsman promises that the company will continue to develop, identifying and producing products that customers want. If he has learnt one thing from his early career in the merchant navy it is to never give up and his best advice to budding entrepreneurs is to believe in their | 583 |
Trying to assemble an strange and tranquil residence in a updated metropolis<|fim_middle|> right into a pathway. | might probably be a hard train. A main Japanese residence is usually certainly one of many best strategies to get spherical this drawback. Bringing collectively the tried and examined design necessities of Japanese development and an aesthetic trendy development, the beautiful Cocoon House in Shiojiri, Nagano is an ideal event of prime-of-the-line of each worlds. Crafted with care by Studio Aula, each component inside the house exhibits serenity, simplicity and inherent maintain the globally favored Japanese lifestyle.
The householders of the home embrace a household of their fifties with a few youngsters, together with their mom, who needed a home with the aura of a timeless Japanese design. The inside is clad largely in Japanese cypress that has been launched from the household's farm contained in the forest close to Kiso. The concept was to design a house whose aura was as shut as attainable to the householders' earlier farm home clad in picket, paper and concrete. Criss-crossing picket beams make up perhaps in all probability probably the most wonderful carry out of the house and permit pure air flow into to make its means via to the easiest diploma.
Minimal and understated, the decor may be saved so simple as potential with massive pendants and paper lanterns stealing the present. While the primary flooring homes the personal areas, the decrease diploma holds an open-plan dwelling space, together with a clever mattress room that results in the revamped yard. With sliding glass doorways, translucent panels and shoji screens, the change between privateness and open, flowing interiors is seamless undoubtedly.
We have furthermore carried out the makeover of the yard. The earlier one was conventionally symbolic with chunks of stone work allegedly representing a ship on the ocean. But we redefined it to fulfill the standard of life altering the steppingstones correct proper | 364 |
Breaking Down The 'Peloton' Holiday Ad Debacle
If you've been anywhere online in the last week, you've probably come across some mention of the Peloton holiday ad for this year--whether it be the ad itself, or some sort<|fim_middle|>. | of backlash about it. In fact, there's been so much controversy surrounding this one commercial, that one of Hollywood's biggest stars has used the uproar to capitalize on his own product, and even SNL got in on the game, poking fun at the spot during last weekend's show.
Needless to say, it's been getting some traction online. But I wanted to take a minute and break down what's been going on with this situation, and ask two simple questions: Is it okay that we live in a world where perception trumps reality now? And what does it say about our nature as people if tools like the internet are more widely being used to perpetuate the bad instead of the good?
So let's start at the beginning and take a look.
On November 21st, a company that specializes in making stationary exercise bikes, Peleton, put out a holiday ad, staring actors Sean Hunter and Monica Ruiz. In the commercial, Hunter's "Peloton Husband" character presents Ruiz's "Peloton Wife" character an exercise bike on Christmas morning. We then follow a vlog of her first year's journey on the bike, at the end of which she thanks her husband for the "gift that gives back" (as they've titled the ad) and changed her life in a positive way.
Let me point out first, and I can't believe I have to even state this, but it would seem this point has been missed by quite a few folks: Hunter and Ruiz are ACTORS playing a role. They are not actually the people in the ad.
Also, if you watch the ad, at no point does Ruiz's character seem upset about getting this gift. She actually seems pretty excited about it. Is she an already fit young woman? Yes. Could it be that she is fit because she enjoys exercising and therefore might actually have wanted this bike? Quite possibly.
But that's not the way the internet took it.
After the commercial came out, it would seem anyone and everyone started to "weigh" in on the spot, many stating that it was misogynistic, and insulting. The internet trolls pointed out that the "Peloton Wife" was already very thin. They insinuated that the husband must be some sort of control freak to give his wife such a gift. Many mentioned that she must be in need of rescuing.
All of this from a :30 advertisement about a happy lady, exercising on a bike, and thanking her husband for it at the end.
It started to get so much buzz that it caught the media savvy eye of none other than Hollywood's Ryan Reynolds, who very smartly saw an opportunity to use this internet feeding frenzy against Peloton for his own gain, and hired Ruiz to star a bit of a follow up ad he called "The Gift That Doesn't Give Back", spoofing her "Peloton Wife" character to sell his Avation Gin brand.
Not to be outdone, SNL jumped on the Peloton "Hater" Wagon, and added their own spin on the original ad, creating a hashtag of their own for the product!
Not that I didn't find the entertainment value in all of this, because I do have a sense of humor, and I totally get the creativity in being tongue and cheek about things at times. But it was concerning to me when I heard Hunter, the "Peloton Husband" has not only been getting hate-mail for this acting job that he took, but that his name is now being associated with some pretty negative sentiments. He even took to ABC news to speak out about it.
Personally, I don't see the fuss. The character looked happy, capable and together. There was no depiction of her exercising against her will (she didn't seem super excited to be getting up at 6 a.m., but who is?) I don't think that everyone would be thrilled to get a gift like this. But I'm not sure this ad was targeted at everyone...despite the fact that everyone felt the need to chime in.
What's kind of disturbing is that the internet totally dictated the trajectory of this ad and sent it in a negative direction, and it seems as though the actors in the commercial have become either pawns or collateral damage, for simply doing their jobs | 867 |
Astrophysicists Use Virtual Reality to Chase Earth's Tail
The particle
path - a moebius strip
Originally Published 12 November 1998
Astrophysicists at the University of Warwick are using a 3D virtual reality system to research the Earth's electromagnetic tail. This tail, similar in shape to other large solar system phenomena such as Solar flares, results from the interactions of the Earth's own magnetic field with the electromagnetic activity generated by the Sun. The tail is much studied by astrophysicists, and agonised over by operators of telecommunications satellites concerned about the serious affects on radio communications that can be caused by occasional instabilities in the tail known as "substorms".
Professor Sandra Chapman, Anders Ynnerman and the Space and Astrophysics Group (based in the Physics Department at the University of Warwick) are currently trying to get a better understanding of this area of near Earth space by modelling the behaviour of individual charged particles within the tail.
Their model suggested that the particles could follow a complex three dimensional path that was difficult to decipher by simply viewing it on a two dimensional piece of paper or computer screen. After days of deliberation using two dimensional methods (which included at one point trying to make a three dimensional model out of bits<|fim_middle|>aDesk" and a "Onyx 2" computer - one of now only two such sets of equipment available anywhere in the UK.
Using the virtual reality system to
research the Earth's electromagnetic tail
The equipment allows pairs of researchers to don special goggles to immerse themselves in a virtual reality three dimensional space based on any three dimensional modelling data they wish to examine. Professor Chapman's group will use it to examine further the earth's own magnetosphere and geomagnetic tail. However, the equipment will also be available to collaborators across Warwick's science departments and there are already discussions as to how the equipment may help colleagues in other departments with problems that require 3D imaging of medical, engineering and mathematical problems.
Professor Sandra Chapman
Tel: 024 76 523390
email: S.C.Chapman@warwick.ac.uk
Further information about this press release and other media services at the University of Warwick can be obtained from:
Peter Dunn, Press Officer
Coventry, CV4 7AL
Email: puapjd@warwick.ac.uk
Last revised: Wed 7 Jul 2004 | of multicoloured duct tape!) the researchers decided that the charged particle was following the path of an unusual but very familiar mathematical shape known as a moebius strip. Professor Chapman then had an opportunity to examine data on some three dimensional imaging virtual reality equipment in the US and Japan, and was able to confirm in minutes that the answer they had agonised over for days was correct.
It surprised no one then that when the opportunity came to bid for new equipment under the Higher Education Funding Councils for England's Joint Research Equipment Initiative (JREI) that Dr Chapman made a strong bid for a virtual reality 3D imaging facility to be based at Warwick.
Her arguments persuaded all concerned and Warwick's Space and Astrophysics Group now hosts a 3D virtual reality facility based around an "Immers | 161 |
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Here it is! July's Degustabox!
This month all the products are simple and summery, with on the go snacks and grilling being the theme.
"Wise Extra Cheesy Cheez Doodles delivers even more cheese into every doodle or a rich, creamy flavor that will satisfy your cheese cravings.
I was a big fan of cheesy snack when I was little, but we don't really eat them that much anymore, but I still love them. I have eaten all of these, and only shared a few of them, they are so good<|fim_middle|> made in the USA. Nut Free, and trans-fat-free.
These went over very well in my house, everyone really liked them, myself not being a big chocolate fan liked the creamy center best.
Sir Kensington's Chipotle Mayonnaise is made with the highest quality, Non-GMO ingredients like Certified Humane free range eggs, 100% sunflowers oil, and chipotle peppers.
Fun Fact, I have a serious dislike of mayonnaise bordering on a phobia so I haven't tried this but my family assures me that it's very good, and I have really like all the other Sir Kensington products I've tried.
I received some of the bite-sized espresso wafers in the March box, and I really liked them, these were equally yummy. I did end up sharing these and everyone loved them.
With a tiny bit of sweet, a touch of smoky and a little "Snappy" zing, you'll want to put Sweet & Snappy's thick, rich, "stick-to-your-ribs" sauce on everything.
This sounds so good and I can't wait to use it next time we have a cookout.
Lee Kum kee plum Sauce is made from quality Chinese plums, ginger, and chili. Perfect for stir-frying and dipping. An excellent dip for roast duck.
I'm so curious to try this out, I'm going to hunt down some recipes and try to make something with it very soon. I'll most likely post that on Instagram, so keep an eye out.
What would your favorite thing be in this months box?
That box seems so fun! I never heard of this box before. It has a great variety of things in it! And that matcha blend sounds delicious!
I love cheesey snacks so the cheese cheez doodles sound great for me. Oh and the chocolate, yum! | !
"This is a sweet, delicate mixture of culinary grade Matcha and pure cane sugar, packed into single-serving packets.
Suited or Matcha lattes and smoothies, it provides all of the same nutritional benefits of Matcha, even or those with a sweet tooth.
I have recently discovered my love for the Matcha Lattes at Starbucks, so I was super excited to find this in the box! I have been really enjoyed making them at home, the only thing I would change is to make them a little sweeter.
CHOMPS Original turkey sticks have 1g or protein and are made with 100% free-range turkey with no hidden nasties(no sugar, gluten, dairy, soy, nitrates/nitrites, antibiotics, hormones, MSG, and artificial preservatives/ coloring). CHOMPS Original turkey sticks are non-GMO project verified, Whole30 approved, Keto/Paleo-friendly, and certified gluten-free.
I'm not usually very fond of meat sticks, but this one was one of the best I've had, and the fact that it has good ingredients and no MSG definitely makes it more appealing to me.
A chewy chocolate caramel with a cream center. A fun summer chocolate treat that doesn't melt with the heat.
Goetze's is a 5th generation candy company manufacturing quality candy for over 120 years. Proudly | 285 |
This last weekend we gathered with the Northwest Mission Area for a fabulous time of conversations, fellowship, networking, learning, worship and of course, lots of good food and fun. This was the last Mission Area Gathering (MAG) of the 2016-17 program year. It has been<|fim_middle|> of your Missioners. Beginning in June, Amanda Ziebell Mawanda will transition from serving as Missioner for Mission to Missioner for Networking. Amanda, as many of you know, brings a high skill set in organizational development. This, coupled with the work she has done with the Mission Area Teams over the last several years, makes her the perfect person to place significant focus on networking in ECMN. Karen Olson, your Missioner for Ministry, has both significant experience and recent expansion of her skill set facilitating discernment with our faith communities. Moving forward, she will be your resource for the next generation of the Missional Assessment Process (MAP).
I am very grateful to all of our Mission Area Teams who imagined and implemented outstanding opportunities for our Mission Areas to gather this program year. I am excited to see how the increased network resourcing will help all our Mission Areas and faith communities engage God's Mission in their context and culture. | a blessing to gather with faith communities from across ECMN. Like every one of our faith communities, each has its own context and culture. As such, each MAG has a different feel.
Our 2016-17 Mission Opportunity and programmatic focus has been, "Hearing our Stories, Healing Relationships: Engaging God's Mission of Racial Reconciliation." Each MAG has leaned into this extremely important and timely work. Folks across ECMN have shared their stories and experiences of racism in their own neighborhoods and communities. People have also become more educated about our historic racial challenges both in the Episcopal Church and in Minnesota. And as importantly, individuals and communities have learned and shared an abundance of tools to continue to do this critical work of racial reconciliation moving forward.
To that end, there are two resources I want to make sure that all in ECMN are aware of. First, there is the Toolkit that can be found on the ECMN website. Second, many of the fabulous folks who have faithfully served as the design team for our Mission Opportunity for this year will be transitioning to form the Commission on Reconciliation. They are continuing to develop a focus and outcomes for their work, if you'd like more information, or want to be involved, email your Missioner for Community Engagement, Rachel Babbitt (rachel.b@episcopalmn.org).
Mission Area Gatherings have served as one of the primary places for faith communities and individuals to network in their context. Networking is at the heart of who we are in ECMN: "The Episcopal Church in Minnesota is a NETWORK of faith communities called to transformation by engaging God's mission." It is through our collaborating, sharing, partnering with fellow faith communities and others that we are able to build capacity for our participation in God's mission.
To this end, because of the critical importance and the ever-expanding growth of networking in ECMN, we are reordering the work | 391 |
Longhorn Council's three summer camps offer many adventures for Scouts and adults, as well as the unique and exciting programs of the Texas High Adventure Base. Troops from over 30 states<|fim_middle|> Be sure to watch as we continue to push hard to improve our camps and facilities over the next few years.
Scouts may try the new Robotics Merit Badge and many other Technology MBs at SR2.
We have bought over 300 new tents and permanent frames for our summer camps. The new tents are slightly wider to give campers more living space. | have attended our summer camps. Troops and Crews from 44 states, England, Scotland, and Mexico have come to Chisholm Trail Adventure, the flagship program of the Texas High Adventure Base.
A small, beautiful, heavily-wooded camp with the largest natural spring in Texas.
Advanced merit badge programs and a Texas-sized high adventure base with 15 miles of shoreline on 10,000 acre Lake Bridgeport.
Traditional Scouting programs and much more! In the shadow of Kyle Mountain since 1929.
Our Scout Executive, John Coyle, is committed to improving our camp facilities and programs. John attended District Roundtables, camps, & events throughout the Longhorn Council to hear the views of Scouters so that their suggestions and concerns may be addressed. Upgrading and adding summer camp bathrooms and showers is now one of our top facilities priority. Our projects include the campsite latrine privacy upgrade project, new tents for all camps, and professional boat overhauls, and more. | 209 |
We're On the Clock.....Again
A short 14 months ago, a contingent of public and private leaders converged on Super Bowl LI in Houston to observe the ins and outs of the game and ancillary event operations, as well as to ceremonially (and literally) take the handoff as the next Super Bowl host city. A similarly determined group, including some of the same people, just returned from San Antonio and the NCAA Men's Final Four in preparation for hosting that big game in 2019.
Kate Mortenson, President and CEO of the 2019 Minneapolis Final Four ® Local Organizing Committee (LOC), has the responsibility of delivering on the promises made to the NCAA during the bidding process in 2014. She has assembled an experienced and enthusiastic team that will be giving their 24/7 attention to this major event, over the coming 12 months.
Tamara Spude, Meet Minneapolis' Director of Destination Services led our team's contingent to San Antonio. Tamara, along with numerous other Meet Minneapolis team members, will provide critical LOC support to ensure that our community shines this time next year.
A few of the major areas we focused on in San Antonio were:
Hotels and their ability to fulfill the needs of student-athletes
Logistical placement of key ancillary events
Fan experience and, of course, game day operations
In preparation for Super Bowl LII, Meet Minneapolis provided multiple forums for our partners to get all of the necessary information on how to successfully participate in the event. We also conducted a variety of<|fim_middle|> even more NCAA championships alongside our University of Minnesota Athletics partners.
Will the next champion be a Jay Wright-led Villanova team, one of a very select group of Division I institutions to win the tournament twice within a three year span? Or will it be Duke and iconic Coach K, who won the tournament the last two times Minneapolis hosted the Final Four? Regardless, it will be a unique story of competitors overcoming obstacles en route to the victor hearing their name announced as National Champions. And our main job is to partner with the NCAA to create the perfect environment for that new story to be created.
Last, but certainly not least, Sports Minneapolis is happy to announce today an agreement with ESPN to extend the X Games in Minneapolis through 2020.
Today marks 100 days out from the 2018 games at U.S. Bank Stadium, and we're thrilled to partner with ESPN to keep extreme sports front and center in the City of Minneapolis. You can get all the latest information here as we get ready for another exciting summer in downtown Minneapolis. | training sessions to help businesses collectively leave the best overall impression on our visitors. We plan similar activities in preparation for the Final Four. Our success in executing the Final Four will position us well to secure | 39 |
Author: Serena
Diary of the War: April 1940
April 29, 2020 April 29, 2020 ~ Serena ~ Leave a comment
HMS/M Unity
This month the focus in our diary of the war at sea is on the submarine HMS Unity, sunk on 29 April 1940.
One of the key dangers for submarines in the early decades of the 20th century was the risk of collision with surface ships, although this risk lessened with the increasing sophistication of detection technologies.
At the same time, while convoy provided ships with a degree of safety against a common enemy, it also occasionally raised the risk of collision with other ships in the convoy. For example, there are sporadic reports of collision in convoy in English waters during the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, while they also occurred during the First World War (see our previous post on War Knight, 1918).
For HMS Unity it was a collision of causes, as well as a collision in fact, as she came in contact off the Northumbrian coast with a surface ship, the SS Atle Jarl. Unity was on the North Sea patrol and left her base at Blyth on 17.30 on 29 April 1940 on a northerly course in conditions of poor visibility, while Atle Jarl was steaming south in convoy from Methil to the Tyne. Neither vessel saw the other until they were virtually on top of one another and Atle Jarl struck the submarine upon the port bows, sinking within five minutes. (1) Four of the Unity's crew would lose their lives: Lt John Niven Angus Low and AB Henry James Miller went down with the submarine, while Leading Seaman James Sneddon Hare and Stoker 1st Class Cecil Shelton drowned before the boats sent out from the Atle Jarl could rescue them. (2)
HMS Unruly, like HMS Unity a U-class submarine, seen from the air in February 1945. © IWM (A 28318)
The voyages of both vessels were connected with the same event on the international stage – the fall of Norway on 9 April 1940. On 6 April Atle Jarl had left Shields on the north-east coast for Trondheim in Norway. She put into Methil Roads in Scottish waters the following day then set off for Norway, but events then forced her to put back. She then left Methil to return to Shields on 29 April. (3) On that same day Unity's intended voyage was in the opposite direction, to Norway, where the Allies were still involved in a campaign to dislodge the Nazi occupiers.
The previous month Unity had made headlines in Britain and the Netherlands with her rescue of eight survivors from the crew of the Dutch trawler Protinus, who had been bobbing about without food or water in an open boat in the North Sea for six days, after their vessel had been attacked and sunk by a German aircraft. Two men were killed in the attack and two succumbed afterwards as they drifted: eerily prefiguring the losses aboard Unity, two in the incident and two in the sea afterwards. The survivors were landed at a Scottish east coast port and Unity's crew 'received the congratulations of Queen Wilhelmina, of Holland.' (4)
A survivor from Protinus is helped from HMS Unity by her crew in one of a sequence of photographs which shows individual survivors being landed. Some of these images were then published in Dutch newspapers. © IWM (A 16)
The loss of Unity herself, however, was a completely different matter. The press was silent on the subject, although allusions to the rescue of the Dutch fishermen cropped up at intervals during the war, either as her crew subsequently took part in successful engagements, or were awarded medals. The only clue to the submarine's loss, perhaps, was that they gained these awards in other vessels: but this would only be known by the men and their families, and to the outside world their presence aboard other submarines would have been masked by the transfer of postings through career progression, particularly for officers.
It is only with the benefit of hindsight that we are able to read between the lines.
For example, the news that AB Jones had received the Distinguished Service Medal (DSM) for 'daring, enterprise and devotion to duty on successful patrols in HM Submarines' was accompanied by a reminder of the Protinus rescue and the fact that he was 'subsequently posted to HM Submarine Utmost.' (5) Most of the crew were indeed subsequently divided between Utmost and Upright, and at least one went to submarine P311. (6)
Nor were the survivors the only ones to receive gallantry awards. On 16 August 1940 both Lt Low and AB Miller were posthumously awarded the Empire Gallantry Medal, which was exchanged for the new award of the George Cross instituted just a month later. Even then only their branch of service was recorded: 'HM Submarines' – but the citation was specifically for 'gallantry in loss of ship in collision'. (7)
The sinking of Unity by collision at 7.15pm on 29 April 'off the Farne Islands' did not reach the public domain, but was reported on 1 May to the War Cabinet, who were also notified that 'Divers from Scapa were being hurried to the Tyne.' (8) It was noted at the next day's meeting, however, that diving operations had been unsuccessful and that: 'The few men remaining in her could only be saved, however, if they made their own escape by using the Davies [sic] apparatus.' (9)
An instructor coming to the surface during a demonstration of the Davis apparatus, as trainees for the submarine service look on, at HMS Dolphin, Gosport, 14 December 1942. © IWM (A 13884)
It was only after the war in Europe was over in May 1945 that the news of Unity's loss made its way into the public domain when the Admiralty 'revealed its secret losses, which could not be announced before without giving Germany information.' (10)
The managed lack of information was one thing; it was a necessity for the safe conduct of the war and for public morale, and did not mean at all that nothing was done behind the scenes. As we have seen, the War Cabinet was notified of a rescue attempt, and the gallantry of Lt Low and AB Miller in remaining behind and assisting their crewmates to escape, even at the risk of their own lives, was recognised within months of the event.
In the interim, a Court of Inquiry was convened at Blyth. There it emerged that the poor visibility was not the only contributory factor to the disaster, but a missing piece of information had also played its part in shaping the course of events, and that was an entirely different matter.
A signal had come through to Blyth from Rosyth to warn of the impending Methil-Tyne convoy in the swept war channels, but this, for some reason, had not reached Unity. This reasons for this were examined in detail, but no-one recalled having sight of the signal – neither the signalman who should have been able to collect it before sailing, nor the navigating officer, nor the commanding officer. Procedures at the shoreside signal distribution office were minutely examined to account for the discrepancy, but as the confidential papers had gone down with the submarine, there was no conclusive paper trail to demonstrate or corroborate whether the signal had been collected or not collected, never seen or seen but overlooked in the haste to put to sea. (11)
These seemingly routine tasks could make the difference between life and death, and it could be said that 'for want of a signal a submarine was lost', and four lives. Whether her presence would have altered the course of the struggle for Norway, we will never know, but it is a reminder that in wartime each person was a very small cog in larger cogs that moved enormous wheels, and individual events had a cumulative effect on outcomes far away. The history of Unity also reminds us that while ships have always saved people from wrecks, only to be wrecked in their turn (sometimes many years later), under the circumstances of war these sequences of events were both more frequent, and compressed into shorter spans of time.
(1) Atle Jarl entry onwarsailors.com
(2) Commonwealth War Graves Commission website, results for 29.04.1940
(3) p1 of Atle Jarl's convoy register (in English), National Archives of Norway, repr. on warsailors.com
(4) Algemeen Handelsblad (in Dutch), 30 March 1940, No.37,063, p3; Daily Record, 1 April 1940; Middlesex Chronicle, 16 May 1942, No.4,352, p5
(5) Birmingham Post, 7 November 1940, No.25,681 p3
(6) Middlesex Chronicle, 16 May 1942, No.4,352, p5; Evans, A. 1986 Beneath the Waves: A history of HM Submarine losses 1904-1971 (London: William Kimber)
(7) London Gazette, Friday 16 August 1940, No.34,924, p5059; TNA ADM 1/11525
(8) TNA CAB 65/7/1
(10) "Naval Chronicle", Hampshire Telegraph & Post, 25 May 1940, No.8,469, p12
(11) Evans, A. 1986 Beneath the Waves: A history of HM Submarine losses 1904-1971 (London: William Kimber)
Looking at the weather
April 17, 2020 ~ Serena ~ Leave a comment
The wreck of the Heidrun
I am very pleased to welcome my next guest blogger for this edition, local wreck historian Robert Felce, who has kindly shared with us his research into the history of the SS Heidrun, lost off Mullion, Cornwall, in December 1915.
Over to Robert:
As the Great War raged from 1914-18 on the Western Front there was also war on the high seas from the Atlantic to the Baltic, and from the English Channel to the Mediterranean. Ships from many lands fell victim to German mines and torpedoes, and neutral countries such as Norway were not immune.
This is the story of the SS Heidrun, built in 1871 by Palmer's of Jarrow as the iron screw steamer Vildosala. (1) As Vildosala she had run down the SS Kottingham in 1897 and was involved in 6 further collision events. (2) In 1902 she was sold to Libau (then part of the Russian Empire as the Governorate of Courland, now Liepāja in the modern state of Latvia) as the Dalny or Dal'niy, then to her final owners in Christiana (now Oslo) as the Heidrun in 1909. (3)
Throughout her career she appears to have operated primarily as a collier, which also seems to have been her wartime role, and we can place her on a voyage from Swansea to Rouen with coal in November 1915. (4) On 24 December 1915 Heidrun once more departed Swansea Coal Docks for Rouen with anthracite coal and 15 crew, under Capt. Gustav Olsen. (5)
Swansea had a long-standing connection with Norway, which arose from the importation of timber pit-props from Scandinavia for use in the coal mines of South Wales, with coal being transported back to Norway. A Norwegian church opened in Newport in the 1890s but was physically relocated to Swansea in 1909-10. (6) [Take a look at Historic England's picture gallery for the Norwegian church, Rotherhithe, built in 1927, including its war memorial dedicated to the seamen of Norway lost in the First World War, which was listed in 2017.]
Norwegian Church, Swansea, in its present position, having been relocated in 2004 for the second time in its history, this time within Swansea. © Ann on geograph.org.uk (CC BY-SA 2.0)
Rouen, on the River Seine, was used as a supply base for the British, and was also a major hospital base for injured soldiers, with a number of large, well-run, hospitals. Coal was a much-needed resource for both the French and English troops, as well as the French population.
As the Heidrun set out on her ill-fated journey, the Christmas truce of 1915, less well-known than the 1914 equivalent, was taking place on the Western Front. Coal-fired braziers were lit in No-Man's Land and troops on both sides sang hymns and exchanged small gifts. (7). For the Heidrun, the weather on the outward journey south towards Land's End was poor, with a developing low pressure system bringing SW gale force winds, not the most attractive way to spend Christmas. (8)
Mullion Coastguard were later to report that, about 10.30am on 27 December, at the height of the gale, a steamer was observed some 4 miles off Mullion pitching and tossing in the terrible sea that was running in Mount's Bay, buffeted by the 'howling' SW gale. For half an hour, her laboured progress was watched with anxiety by those on shore – and then she disappeared from view. (9)
Church Cove, Gunwalloe, north of Mullion. © Bob Felce (Mullion)
There was no help at hand, and no ships close by to go to her aid. The last Mullion lifeboat had been removed in July 1908 and in such a SW gale the Penzance and Porthleven lifeboats would have been unable to launch.
Evidence of the steamer's identity gradually reached the shore when wreckage and lifebuoys were washed up bearing the names Heidrun and Christiana. The coastguard passed the information to Lloyd's in Penzance, who matched the information with the departure of the Heidrun from Swansea on 24 December.
There were no survivors, with an unidentified male body being recovered at Halzephron on 28 December, and two more at Poldhu on 29 and 30 December. (10) At the subsequent coroner's inquest evidence of drowning was given and the evidence of the wind and tide led to their identification as the crew of the Heidrun. (11) Two further bodies were found at Porthleven on 25 January, with it being concluded that they were 'found drowned' and probably came from the wreck of the Heidrun. (12) There is no recorded evidence that the bodies of the remaining crewmen ever came ashore. On 10 February Heidrun was added to Lloyd's 'Missing' list. (13)
It seems that much of the above information was never subsequently considered and it was recorded in some quarters that she had quite likely struck a mine (for example, 'missing, presumed mined' in Lloyd's War Losses). (14) Reviewing the sinking also suggests that there has since been only a superficial examination of weather data at the time of loss.
However, in the Meteorological Office (Met Office) summary for the month of December 1915, gales were reported 'every day' from the 22nd onwards, in particular noting that:
A deep system travelled up from the Azores, arriving on the Irish coast in the morning of the 27th and reaching Denmark the following day. It was a fast-moving system . . . marked by the most destructive gale of the month with a strong to a whole SW gale, raging over England generally . . . with violent squalls . . . winds which attained a velocity of 39 m/s [metres per second] at Plymouth and 40 m/s at Scilly and Pendennis.' (15)
These wind speeds at the time Heidrun was passing through Mount's Bay, (which lies between the observation points of Scilly to the west and Pendennis to the east), translate to 87-89mph [140-143kph]. Further detail is available in the daily weather reports, showing that at Newquay, Cornwall, the wind was WSW force 8 all day, while on the Isles of Scilly it was observed to be at SW force 8 between 7am and 1pm, gusting at 39 m/s at 9am. At Falmouth the wind was observed to be at WSW force 9 between 8am and 1pm, gusting to 40 m/s at 9.45am. (16)
Meteorological Office chart for 27 December 1915. © Crown Copyright 1915. Information provided by the National Meteorological Library and Archive – Met Office, UK
It is suggested that the evidence for a mine or torpedo strike is not present as no evidence of an explosion was seen or heard by the watchers on shore. [Serena adds: Assessment of the other wrecks in English waters for that month strengthens this suggestion. In terms of losses to war causes, December 1915 was a relatively quiet month, with one vessel torpedoed, one sunk by gun action, and 11 mined, primarily among the minefields on the east coast. (17)
No other vessels were lost on 27 December 1915 to storm conditions, but on 31 December, another ship, the schooner Dana of Helsingør, was a victim of the storms reported by the Met Office as continuing up to the end of the month. (18) She sprang a leak after labouring for several days across the North Sea in a storm with high seas, again consistent with the Met Office's reporting of its trajectory. It was then decided to steer for the nearest land, and she drove ashore at Cullernose Point, Northumberland. (19)]
The date of the Heidrun wreck in 1915 also excludes another cause of loss particular to Norwegian ships later in the war, in 1917, which also specifically affected those leaving Norway itself. Even so, it is an interesting story in its own right and worth covering briefly here. In 1917 Norwegian concern grew over a number of their ships which had been mysteriously lost at sea, mostly with all hands, although the survivors of some of these mysterious incidents reported sudden explosions and fires which broke out in such a manner as to convince those present that they were due to 'infernal machines' – rather than an explosion through an external cause such as mine or torpedo. (20)
Investigations by the chief of Oslo police, Johan Søhr, led to the discovery of a bomb plot led by one 'Baron von Rautenfels', a Finnish national who was working for German intelligence under cover of the diplomatic service. Diplomatic baggage was used to courier explosives into Norway, including incendiary devices disguised as pieces of coal to be placed in the coal bunkers, where in some cases they were discovered shortly after leaving harbour in Norway. (21) [An online album by Norwegian broadcaster NRK (in Norwegian) depicts the quantities of smuggled bombs. The sixth picture in the album shows a bomb disguised as a piece of coal.]
Thus the very specific wind conditions under which the Heidrun was labouring on 27 December 1915 seem the most likely explanation for her loss, probably compounded by other factors. Was the fully-laden steamer able to handle such sea conditions and high winds? Might she have developed an engine fault or had water ingress through open hatches, which were both common causes of foundering for colliers? [Serena adds: for example, the fate of her compatriot Odd, which foundered in 1910 with all hands in a gale off Woolacombe, Devon, sounds very similar. In 1894 the British collier Zadne capsized and sank off Worthing, which was attributed to a shift in her cargo, while another British collier, the Grimsby, sprang a leak and foundered off Westward Ho! in 1897. Such incidents were not, of course, unique to colliers or confined to steamships, but certainly give an idea of the variety of severe structural and mechanical stresses possible under 'stress of weather', in the historic maritime phrase. (22)]
We may never know, but by November 1916 242 Norwegian ships had been sunk, comprising 182 steamers and 60 sailing ships, insured for 142m kroner or almost £8m. By 1918 the figures for Norway's commercial shipping losses had risen to 829 ships for 1,240,000 tons, representing an insurance loss of approximately 1,000m kroner. (23)
The toll in lives lost was immense, including the 15 crew of the Heidrun. Following enquiries from the lost crew's relatives in Norway some 20 years ago, a memorial stone was placed in the burial ground at the Church of St. Winwaloe, Gunwalloe.
Headstone commemorating the lost crew of the Heidrun: G Olsen, J Olsen, P Rasmussen, R J Knudsen, A M Andersen, P Mortensen, M Santa, D Rickard, H Waather, A Alberti, E M Løvle, T Sihanna, J Syrgraven, A Brenha, and C Carlsen. © Bob Felce (Mullion)
The wreck now attributed to the Heidrun in Mount's Bay was described in 1981 as the 'wreck of an old steamer of the era 1880-1900' and has since been observed as having a 2-cylinder compound engine, consistent with the vessel as built at Palmer's, Jarrow, in 1871 and replaced by their subsidiary, John Eltringham, South Shields in 1881. (24) No anthracite cargo was observed, and it may well have been washed away, particularly given the collapsed state of the wreck, but the recovery of a maker's plate before 2003 enabled identification of the site as the Heidrun. (25)
The wreck is no longer intact and has collapsed outwards. Perhaps this is partly due to historic salvage, but from the 2003 observations one feature jumps out: the port boiler was in place but the starboard boiler lies at an angle. (26) Could this suggest one of the possible mechanical stresses on the vessel during that storm over a hundred years ago?
(1) Auction Notice for Vildosala and Chavarri, The Gazette for Middlesborough 1.5.1872
(2) Kottingham wreck: Lloyd's List 1.11.1897. For some of the other incidents, please see, for example, collision with Patria, off Berdyans'k, Lloyd's List 2.5.1878; collision with Tagus at Shields, 1894, Aberdeen Press and Journal 6.2.1894; Drogden lightship incident, York Herald, 25.6.1899; collision with other steamers in Gravesend Reach, Shields Daily Gazette 20.7.1901, all as Vildosala; and as Dal'niy, collision with Fountains Abbey off Queensferry, Linlithgow Gazette 10.11.1903
(3) Shields Daily Gazette 28.11.1902; Lloyd's List 24.5.1909
(4) Shields Daily News 9.11.1915
(5) The Scotsman 30.12.1915
(6) http://www.swanseadocks.co.uk/Norwegian%20Church.htm
(7) "The forgotten Christmas Truce" , Daily Telegraph, 26.12.2015
(8) Met Office Digital Library and Archive, Monthly Weather Report for the Meteorological Office, Vol. XXXIII (New Series), No.XII, December 1915
(9) "The Mullion Disaster", Cornishman, 6.1.1916
(10) "The Mullion Disaster", Cornishman, 6.1.1916; Cornishman, 13.1.1916
(11) Cornishman, 3.1.1916
(12) "Bodies washed ashore at Porthleven", Cornishman, 27.1.1916
(13) Cornishman, 10.2.1916
(14) Lloyd's War Losses for the First World War: casualties to shipping through enemy causes 1914-18, p299
(15) Met Office Digital Library and Archive, Monthly Weather Report for the Meteorological Office, Vol. XXXIII (New Series), No.XII, December 1915
(16) Met Office Digital Library and Archive, Daily Weather Reports for December 1915, 27 December 1915, p112
(17) Source: examination of Historic England National Record of the Historic Environment database, April 2020
(19) Handelsministeriet, 1916: Statistisk oversigt over de i aaret 1915 for danske skibe i danske og fremmede farvande samt for fremmede skibe i danske farvande indtrufne søulykker (in Danish) (Copenhagen: Bianco Lunos Bogtrykkeri)
(20) The Globe, 25.6.1917
(21) "Bombs at Christiana", Cambridge Daily News, 25.6.1917; "Discovery of a vast German plot against Norway", Yorkshire Telegraph and Star, 25.6.1917
(23) Gloucestershire Echo, 5.12.1916; Derby Daily Telegraph, 6.1.1919
(24) "Vildosala fitted with new engines", Shields Daily News 2.9.1881; UKHO No. 16233; "Wreck Tour 49: The Heidrun", Divernet, nd, originally published in Diver, March 2003
(25) UKHO No.16233, "Wreck Tour 49: The Heidrun", Divernet, nd, originally published in Diver, March 2003
(26) "Wreck Tour 49: The Heidrun", Divernet, nd, originally published in Diver, March 2003
Diary of the War: March 1940
March 24, 2020 March 24, 2020 ~ Serena ~ Leave a comment
Capitaine Augustin
This month's War Diary commemorates the loss of the French collier Capitaine Augustin on 17 March 1940. She was built for the Union Industrielle et Marine by Chantiers Navals Français in 1922. In common with many other French ships, both civilian and naval, constructed immediately after the First World War, she was named after a 'naval hero of the late war' whose family remained untraced, or they would have been invited to the launch ceremony on 14 February 1922. (1) [See also our previous post on another, similarly named, collier, Mousse Le Moyec, which would in her turn be wrecked in December 1940.]
Reporting of the incident through official British channels (the Press Association War Special) was terse: 'The French steamer, Capitaine Augustin (3,137 tons), of Havre, bound in ballast to an East Coast of England port, was mined and sunk off the East Coast on Sunday, and two of her crew of 30 were killed.' (2) Similar clues, or even fewer, were present in French sources: for example, in the extract illustrated below, the only clue as to the whereabouts of the wreck lies in the reporting of the wreck from Londres or London.
Headline from L'Ouest-Eclair, 20 March 1940, No.15,835: "War at Sea: the cargo vessel Capitaine Augustin sinks after being mined. Two injured, two missing." Source gallica.bnf.fr / Bibliothèque nationale de France
Some detail did emerge: the injured were the wireless operator and a gunner, which suggested that the vessel was armed for self-defence. In fact, Capitaine Augustin had been requisitioned by the French authorities in December 1939, so it seems likely that she received her armament then. (3)
The explosion took place within sight of shore: 'hundreds' locally heard the explosion and 'watched from the pier while the lifeboat dashed seven miles to the sinking ship.' (4) The survivors were landed at a 'south-east coast town'. Eight must have endured quite a fright as the ship began to sink, as they were trapped below by 'some doors which had jammed', but they were fortunately rescued by their crewmates hacking the doors down. (5) It was for just this reason that internal steel netting was provided at least on British ships later in the war, so that in the event of the ship being struck and stairways destroyed, those below decks had a ladder and a means of scrambling up on deck to the lifeboats. (6)
The human interest angle, so important in journalism at any time, came to the fore in wartime. Here we can see how the details of the crew looking after their own, while onlookers willed on the lifeboat speeding to the rescue, took precedence over any locational detail either of the mine or of the ship's intended voyage, other than in the most vague terms. That way such details receded into insignificance and gave little or no information to the enemy on the success or otherwise of their operations. (7)
The mines had been laid the previous month by 1. Zerstörer-Flotille (1st Destroyer Flotilla) of the German Kriegsmarine in the 'Shipwash area' off the northern approaches to the Thames. This tallies with the emphasis on the east and south-east coasts in the details given in the British press. (8) An unattributed French source, based on the activities of 1. Zerstörer-Flotille, states the location of loss as 2.5 miles 126 degrees from the Tongue lightvessel in the Thames Estuary. (9)
The wreck site has been securely charted since 1940, and, of course, at the time the position of the vessel would have been noted by the rescuers. The timing of its first charting is interesting, as it was charted in mid-June 1940 as a dangerous wreck, so of course it suggests that it was one more hazard to avoid for all the 'Little Ships' that shuttled from the Thames Estuary to Dunkirk and back between 26 May and 4 June 1940.
Following dispersal in 1946, the location of the wreck was reported in relation to a wartime feature constructed since the date of the wreck, the Tongue Sand Tower (Tongue Sand Fort) – rather than being noted in relation to the lightvessel, even though the latter remained on station until its decommissioning after 1980. The Tongue Sand Fort was one of the Maunsell Forts built for the defence of the Thames Estuary during 1942-3. (For more on the Maunsell Forts, see 7 Treasures of the Thames Estuary on Historic England's other blog, Heritage Calling.)
The Tongue Sand Tower was a Maunsell 'Navy' type fort, such as the one depicted here. © IWM (A 26878)
All that now remains of the Tower is a stump following its collapse in 1996, while the dispersed wreck site of the Capitaine Augustin appears to have disappeared beneath the sands, (10) yet together they point to the wartime legacy of this patch of the Thames Estuary.
(1) L'Ouest-Eclair, 15 February 1922, No.7,409, p6
(2) Hull Daily Mail, 19 March 1940 [no issue number], p1
(3) Bulletin officiel des armées: arrêté no.56 de 12 juin 1954 (in French)
(5) Thanet Advertiser, 21 March 1940, p5
(6) Oral history testimony from Corporal Cant RAF, 2006, recounting his experiences aboard the Dutch troopship Johan de Witt operated by the British Ministry of War Transport (MOWT) in convoy Clyde – Lagos, November 1944.
(7) Thomson, G (1947) Blue Pencil Admiral (London: Sampson Low, Marston & Co. Ltd) provides an informative account of how censorship and information management worked in practice for the duration of the war.
(8) Rohwer, Jürgen & Hümmelchen, Gerhard, "Februar 1940", Chronik des Seekrieges, published online (Württembergisches Landesbibliothek, 2007-2020) (in German)
(9) http://uim.marine.free.fr/hisnav/archives/carpass/cap_augustin.htm (in French)
(10) http://www.bobleroi.co.uk/ScrapBook/TongueTower/TongueTower.html, which provides an interesting overview and many photographs of the Tower throughout its history; UKHO 14046
Glass from the sea
March 6, 2020 ~ Serena ~ 1 Comment
What can scientific investigation of glass from wrecks tell us?
For British Science Week (6-15 March 2020) I am delighted to welcome my colleague Dr Sarah Paynter, Materials Scientist at Historic England, as our guest blogger. She describes some of her recent work involving analysis of glass from wreck sites and what these finds can tell us about wrecks. Some of the key finds recently analysed include those from designated wreck sites, such as the wreck of the London, lost off Southend-on-Sea 355 years ago this week on 7 March 1665, or the 'Wheel Wreck' off the Isles of Scilly.
Over to Sarah:
The Historic England laboratories at Fort Cumberland specialise in the conservation and analysis of all kinds of ancient and historical materials. We have worked on archaeological glass for many years but when our remit expanded to include wreck sites, we had the opportunity to work on glass artefacts recovered from the sea. It has been an eye-opening experience . . .
Fort Cumberland, Portsmouth, a pentagonal fort dating from the 18th century, now used by Historic England as an archaeological research establishment. NMR 15548_7 © Historic England
Cargo vessels and warships alike contain a surprising amount of glass, some as part of the vessel structure, such as windows at the stern, but there are also glass components in the instruments (sand glasses and sundial/compasses) and personal belongings (spectacles and mirrors), as well as fine goblets for officers' use, and often a great many glass bottles and beads amongst the cargo.
Glass bottles:
On a wreck site this glass can be found scattered in a debris field and the preservation can often be remarkable – despite terrible explosions, navigational errors, violent storms and loss of life, glass bottles can still occasionally be found intact and unopened with the stopper in place.
Glass bottle, 'opened' only by the wreck process, but with the cork stopper still in place, from the wreck of the warship the London, 1665. © Historic England
Ironically, a damaged object generally holds more promise for us than an intact one, because we can usually take a small, fairly unobtrusive sample from a previous break. We use pincers or glass cutters to clip the broken edge, giving us a sample a few millimetres across, which exposes fresh glass. We need this fresh surface to obtain a good chemical analysis because even seemingly well-preserved objects are altered by their time in the depths.
The surface is usually covered in a fragile skin of iridescent, flaky, weathered glass, as well as concretions, marine organisms and sandy mud, all of which limit the usefulness of surface analyses. We can identify old breaks because these also have a matt, altered surface, whereas any breaks that have occurred during recovery and post-excavation handling are shiny and smooth.
A glass bottle from the wreck of the London, pictured after recovery; it is encrusted with barnacles and algae, which are removed during conservation. © Historic England
The chemical make-up of the glass, and the environment that it has lain in, both have a huge impact on its condition when it is recovered centuries later. English medieval glass made before the mid-16th century tends to degrade very quickly, whereas later glass can be miraculously preserved because it is chemically more resistant to weathering (Historic England 2018).
A very small (~5cm wide) glass flask with spiral ribbing (PORMR80A1565) from the Mary Rose (lost 1545). This lovely object would originally have been transparent green but has weathered so that it is brown and opaque, and hardly recognisable as glass © Mary Rose Trust
Scientific analysis of glass:
We use several different analysis techniques in our work, depending on our research questions, the size and condition of the object, and whether we can take a sample. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) can show us the structure on a microscopic scale, as well as chemical composition, even if the sample is only a few millimetres wide.
Tiny white, blue, yellow and green glass post-medieval beads (each a few mm wide), from the site of an unidentified wreck, mounted in resin ready for SEM analysis. © Historic England
The benchtop XRF (X-ray fluorescence) spectrometer provides similar chemical information and we can sometimes fit intact objects into the machine, which is ideal if we cannot take a sample from them. We also have a portable XRF machine, which gives less complete results, but which can be used on any object, even those that are still wet or very large. It can also be taken out on site as it is about the size of a hairdryer and not much heavier.
Using a portable XRF to analyse glass windows.
One of the main advantages of working on wreck material is that we often know to the day, when the ship was lost, and perhaps the ports of origin and destination. This means wreck sites can provide precisely dated material for the archaeologist. The objects might be found in a case packed for transport, in a chest of personal belongings or on the deck where they were being used. Accounts of the time may even provide us with details of ship architecture, provisions, armaments, cargo and crew, and the life of the vessel from the shipyard through to eyewitness accounts of its final journey. It is very rare in land-based archaeology to have so much information around the context of an object. Samuel Pepys, the famous diarist, gives a detailed account of the devastating loss of the London, in an entry on March the 8th 1665:
"This morning is brought me to the office the sad newes of "The London," in which Sir J[ohn] Lawson's men were all bringing her from Chatham to the Hope, and thence he was to go to sea in her; but a little a'this side the buoy of the Nower, [the Nore] she suddenly blew up. About 24 [men] and a woman that were in the round-house and coach saved; the rest, being above 300, drowned: the ship breaking all in pieces, with 80 pieces of brass ordnance. She lies sunk, with her round- house above water. Sir J[ohn] Lawson hath a great loss in this of so many good chosen men, and many relations among them. I went to the 'Change, where the news taken very much to heart."
The wreck of the London with the location of some of the finds, shown in a dive trail. To try the dive trail visit https://www.cloudtour.tv/london
Bottles, instruments and windows: tracing technological changes:
The reasons for analysing archaeological and historical glass are varied, but we are always aiming to answer a question, either to identify something, or to work out how old it is or where it is from. Wreck material also serves another purpose because we can often date it so precisely, so we are using our analyses of glass objects from precisely dated wrecks to add to a kind of 'calibration curve' for how the composition of windows, bottles, beads and vessels change over time in England. On the occasions when we are presented with glass from an unidentified wreck, we have used our 'calibration curve' to estimate the date of the wreck from the composition of glass bottles or trade beads. For example, bottles were recovered from the protected wreck site of an unidentified vessel with a cargo of probable mining machinery in the Isles of Scilly, known as the 'Wheel Wreck'. Analysis of the bottles added to growing evidence that the vessel might be older than previously thought.
This 'calibration curve' works especially well for post-medieval glass because technological developments appeared thick and fast from the 16th century onwards, and glass compositions changed quite rapidly (whereas in earlier periods, the technology used to make glass remained fairly constant for centuries at a time).
We can see how quickly glass technology changed in later periods by comparing the glass objects from two Navy warships: the London, which exploded off Southend on the 7th of March 1665, and the Stirling Castle, which was wrecked alongside three other warships a few decades later in the Great Storm of the 26th of November 1703. The shape and composition of green glass bottles has already changed subtly even in this brief period of less than 50 years, to the extent that they began during the 18th century to resemble modern bottles more closely. (Burton 2014)
We can see some differences in the images below:
Glass bottle from the wreck of the London, 1665. © Historic England
Glass bottle from the wreck of the Stirling Castle, 1703. © Historic England
Bottle neck and shoulder (left) and base (right), from the unidentified 'Wheel Wreck', probably from the late 18th century. © Historic England
At this time, bottles were made by gathering hot glass on the end of a blowing iron, inflating a bubble in the glass to form the body of the bottle, and lengthening the neck. The sides and base of the bottle body could be shaped using a mould or a flat surface, even the floor. The end of the bubble was pushed in to create a 'push-up' at the bottle base, so that it would stand on a flat surface.
Some of the processes described above can be seen in this 18th century illustration of a goblet-making process from the Encyclopédie, ou dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers, edited by Jean le Rond d'Alembert and Denis Diderot, 1751-1772, repr. as print Corning, N.Y: Corning Glass Center, 1961
To finish the bottle, the pontil iron was attached to the bottle base so that the neck of the bottle could be broken free of the blowing iron, and then the rim shaped by further working or by applying more glass. Finally the bottle was detached from the pontil, leaving a pontil scar.
Glassworker Mark Taylor detaching the blowing iron (left) from the mouth of a vessel; a pontil iron (right) has already been attached to the base (credit: The Glassmakers http://www.theglassmakers.co.uk)
Finds specialists can use the characteristics of bottle bases, including the type of pontil mark and the shape of the push-up, to work out the date of a bottle or where it was made. We can also look at the composition of the bottle glass to see if it matches our analyses of other English-made bottles. With cargo vessels, analysis is a useful tool to investigate the movement of goods around the world. We can use analysis to work out where goods were made and where they were going to.
A protruding, circular pontil mark in the middle of the base of a green glass 'case' bottle from the London. The white patch is what remains of the layer of flaky, weathered glass that formed on the surface whilst the bottle was underwater. Case bottles had a square section, which made it easier to pack them for transportation. © Historic England
Glassworkers could also make different types of glass, depending on what the glass was going to be used for. For a lens in a pair of spectacles or an instrument, like the pocket sundial/compass from the London, they used special, purified, more expensive ingredients to obtain a colourless glass (instead of the common green). Colourless glass was also used to make mirrors and the best goblets. The closely guarded industrial secrets for making colourless glass were originally brought to England in the 16th century, along with other technology, by glassworkers from Continental Europe, and their expertise led ultimately to a revival of the English glass industry.
Two of the glass components and the brass gnomon from the London sundial (1665); the left one a colourless glass lens and the other a plain disc of common green glass.
Glass windows on ships are a particularly striking feature and appear to develop in parallel with those on buildings. Glass had become more widespread in the windows of ordinary homes in Britain by the early 17th century, and ships dating to the 17th century, like the London, also had windows incorporated into the elaborately decorated stern, where the captain's cabin would be situated.
Detail of Captured English Ships after the Four Days' Battle, 1666, by Willem van de Velde the Younger, showing the window glass on the Swiftsure (1621) – each window is differentiated by curtains, shot holes, and smudges on the glass. © Rijksmuseum
The evolution of the stern window in British ships is clearly seen in the stern of HMS Victory (1765) at Portsmouth. © The National Museum of the Royal Navy.
In the past, glassblowers had several techniques for making flat glass for windows.
One technique involved making rectangular sheets of glass (broad or cylinder glass) by elongating a blown bubble of glass into a more cylindrical shape using gravity, which involved swinging the blowing iron back and forth whilst standing on a platform, or over a pit. The cylinder was cut along its length, then unfolded and flattened.
Alternatively, a round sheet of glass, known as a crown, was made by blowing and shaping a bubble, which was then transferred to a pontil iron rod so that the other end of the bubble could be opened up. When the glass was spun, it opened into a disc shape, or 'crown'. When the pontil was removed it left a 'bull's eye' in the middle with a pontil mark. Diamond-shaped quarries of glass, for glazing windows, were cut from the thinner glass around the edges.
Bull's eye glass panes used decoratively in glazing. © Historic England
In earlier windows, the glass quarries were joined together using bendy lead strips known as cames, and the glass tends to have a greenish colour, similar to contemporary bottles, or the green glass component from the London sundial shown above.
Greenish quarries of glass for a window, which were originally joined by lead cames. © Historic England
Later in the 17th century wooden glazing bars were adopted to hold the glass panes in place. As time went on, the technology for making large sheets of flat glass improved, so window panes could be made larger, and the ingredients used to make the glass were improved so that the glass became increasingly colourless (Dungworth 2012).
Nelson's Great Cabin on HMS Victory restored to its Georgian heyday of 1805. © National Museum of the Royal Navy
Glass beads:
By contrast, the tiniest glass objects we have encountered so far on wreck sites are glass beads, which were made and traded on a vast scale in the past, either small and plain beads, or elaborately multicoloured examples. The better-known European manufacturers were based in Venice, Amsterdam and Bohemia, where huge numbers were made, and there were also established bead-makers in the Indo-Pacific region and Africa.
European beads were widely transported by sea, with a commensurately widespread distribution in archaeological contexts, reaching the American and African continents. Plain, monochrome beads can be superficially difficult to tell apart just by looking at them, but examining their composition will usually give us enough clues to work out when and where they were made. So glass beads from wrecks can also help to answer archaeologists' questions at wreck sites around the world, as a means of dating contexts and investigating trade.
Tiny glass beads from the wreck of a currently unidentified vessel. © Historic England
At Fort Cumberland, the work on all kinds of finds from wreck sites around the coast of England continues to aid in our understanding and management of wreck sites. There can be few more appropriate locations to investigate the remarkable finds from historic ships than in Portsmouth, a port city and also home to the Mary Rose Museum and the National Museum of the Royal Navy.
Discover our online dive trails: visit wreck sites without getting wet!
Visit Historic England's virtual dive trails and explore the designated Wheel Wreck and London sites!
With particular thanks to colleagues at Historic England (Angela Middleton, Serena Cant), the HMS London licensees, Cotswold Archaeology, Michael Walsh, Jörn Schuster, Kevin Camidge, David Dungworth, Florian Strӧbele, Fred Hocker, Niklas Eriksson, 'The Glassmakers' Mark Taylor and David Hill, Alastair Miles at the Mary Rose Trust, Diana Davis at the National Museum of the Royal Navy, the Nautical Archaeology Society, and all those collaborating on the wreck sites described here.
Burton D, 2014 Antique Sealed bottles 1640-1900 and the families that owned them. Antique Collectors Club Ltd.
Dumbrell R 1992 Understanding antique wine bottles. Antique Collectors Club Ltd.
Dungworth D 2012 'Historic window glass. The use of chemical analysis to date manufacture' Journal of Architectural Conservation 18, 7-25.
Gillespie CC (ed) 1959 A Diderot Pictorial Encyclopedia of Trades and Industry. New York: Dover.
Diary of the War: February 1940
February 24, 2020 February 24, 2020 ~ Serena ~ Leave a comment
Blackburn Botha L6111
One key respect in which the conduct of the Second World War at sea differed from the First was the number of aircraft involved. Since the previous war, aircraft had evolved to become capable of significant offensive and defensive roles, reflected in the numbers lost over both land and sea. In and around English waters these included well-known aircraft on both sides, Spitfires, Hurricanes and Lancasters, Ju88s, Me109s and He111s, as well as many less familiar aircraft types.
Today, on the 80th anniversary of its loss on 24 February 1940, we feature our first case study of an aircraft lost at sea during the Second World War. (Others will follow in due course.) The reasons for aircraft loss were many and varied: aerial combat, mechanical failure, and training accidents among them.
We begin with L6111, an example of a lesser-known type, the Blackburn Botha, developed and built over 1936-8 as a reconnaissance aircraft and a torpedo bomber. In early 1940 the Botha was not yet on active service, but remained under test for the Air Ministry at the Torpedo Development Unit (TDU), RAF Gosport, Hampshire, to which L6111 was allocated. (1)
Blackburn Botha Mk I L6107, stablemate of L6111, at the Torpedo Development Unit, RAF Gosport © IWM (MH 131)
On the morning of 24 February 1940, L6111 was on torpedo-dropping exercises over the Solent between Gosport and Ryde, Isle of Wight, when the engine cut out and the crew were forced to ditch in the sea. All four men were providentially able to get into a dinghy before their aircraft sank. (2)
Not all Botha crews were so fortunate: exactly one year later, on 24 February 1941, Blackburn Botha L6262 crashed into the ground close to its destination airfield of RAF Detling, Kent, killing all four crew. (3) Even against the context of training and operational losses for all aircraft, these and other accidents ensured that the Botha was quickly rendered obsolete as a frontline aircraft. Only 580 were ever built, compared to the production runs for the more successful types such as the Spitfire (over 20,000 constructed).
Debris in the Solent off Fort Gilkicker was confirmed in 1990 as the scattered wreckage of an aircraft and would tally well with L6111's flight path. (4) As an aircraft having crashed on military service, it is automatically protected under the Protection of Military Remains Act, 1986. (5)
It also has some significance as one of 21 'extinct' British and German aircraft types of the 1930s and 40s, with few or no surviving complete examples in any context. (6) (See also an earlier blog post on a Do17 'Flying Pencil' recovered from the sea in 2013, another, more intact, example of one of these rare types.) By contrast more Spitfires were produced, served in action and survived the war: this means that more Spitfires likewise survive in preservation, including airworthy examples, or as archaeological remains within both the terrestrial and marine environments.
(1) The National Archives (TNA), Records of the Aircraft Torpedo Development Unit and Projectile Development Establishment and successors; TNA AVIA 16/54; Aviation Safety Network, Wikibase Occurrence #71958, last updated 2018; MH (131)
(2) Aviation Safety Network, Wikibase Occurrence #71958 (2018); Bureau of Aircraft Accidents Archives, Crash of a Blackburn B-26 Botha off Ryde (nd)
(3) Aviation Safety Network, Wikibase Occurrence 153107, last updated 2018
(4) UKHO 19602
(5) Protection of Military Remains Act, 1986, Application of Act: Section 1, Paragraph 1
(6) Holyoak, Vince, and Schofield, John, Military Aircraft Crash Sites: archaeological guidance on their significance and future management(English Heritage, Swindon, 2002)
Diary of the Second World War: January 1940
January 29, 2020 July 8, 2020 ~ Serena ~ Leave a comment
The East Dudgeon Lightvessel
The everyday hazards of the sea never cease, even under wartime conditions. During the Second World War dangerous shoals still required marking, and ships safe guidance into harbour, perhaps even more so after undergoing convoy battles, lone dashes, trusting in speed alone, across the Atlantic, or picking their way through freshly-laid minefields.
By the same token those who saved others from the peril of the sea themselves faced greater peril than ever before, though in peace and war their mission remained the same. Today's post allows us to revisit the story of lightvessels around the coast which we first covered in an earlier blog post.
Now largely removed in favour of other marks, the few lightvessels on station today are automated and unmanned, but perform the same function as lighthouses, albeit marking offshore hazards. In modern times it is difficult to appreciate their crews' hard way of life, devoted to maintaining a light beaming a vital message out to sea from an inert and stationary hull: permanently moored with no motive power, either sail or engine, they ran the risk of drifting or being driven in storms onto the very hazards from which they warned others, nor had they any means of avoiding a collision should a ship bear down upon them.
Neither was it easy in wartime to escape drifting mines or, unarmed, to defend a lightvessel against enemy attack. Yet in 1940 men served aboard those lightvessels which had not been extinguished (1) and which continued to offer an 'equal lamp at peril of the sea' to passing ships. (2)
The East Dudgeon station marked the Dudgeon, one of the shoals and sandbanks that stretch out long fingers along the east coast of England between the Humber to the north and the Norfolk coast to the south. Between these two points shipping routes largely stood, and to this day stand, out to sea rather than hugging the coast, to avoid some of these hazards, but others, such as the Dudgeon, lie a considerable distance offshore. This meant that the East Dudgeon, to the seaward of the eponymous shoal, was also by some distance one of the more remote lightvessels, which had a bearing on what happened next.
On the morning of 29 January 1940 (3) off the east coast a Heinkel He111 approached the East Dudgeon Lightvessel. The crew were not initially alarmed when they saw the enemy aircraft approaching as, 'on previous occasions German pilots had waved to them and passed them by.' (4)
This time there was no friendly wave in passing. The lightvessel was machine-gunned and bombed, the last bomb striking the vessel. The ship began to heel over, but remained afloat, (5) and a photograph depicting her light smashed to pieces surfaced in the press a couple of weeks later. (6)
The crew took to the boat , one man having been ill in his bunk but helped onto deck and into the boat by his comrades. Given the distance offshore they faced rowing for hours in winter conditions, continuing to row on as night fell and they became progressively colder and weaker, before making landfall at around 2.30am. (7)
Their boat capsized in the breakers rolling on the shore and, so close to land and safety, seven men out of the eight crew lost their lives: James Scott Bell, Master Mechanic; Bardolph Basil Boulton, Fog Signal Driver; Horatio Davis, Lamplighter; Roland Robert George, Senior Master; George William Jackson, Seaman. Richard Edward Norton, Seaman; and Herbert Rumsby, Lampman. (8)
The sole survivor was John Sanders, who managed to crawl ashore, somehow finding the strength to break into a house and divest himself of his clothes after coming upon some blankets to wrap himself up in. There he was discovered at 8am. (9) The bodies of the other crew were discovered that morning near their 'wrecked small boat'. (10)
German radio claimed that same day that the British Naval Patrol Vessel East Dudgeon had been sunk, which elicited a statement from Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain in the House of Commons that it was: 'a falsification intended to cover up from the world a deliberate and savage attack on a lightship. To seafaring folks of all nations the East Dudgeon is well known as a lightship, and its identity was unmistakable. She was, naturally, unarmed.' (11)
As this late 19th century view of the Calshot lightvessel off Southampton demonstrates, lightvessels were readily identified by the name of their station (taken from the hazard they demarcated) painted in large white letters, and the prominent light atop a mast. Henry Taunt CC39/00486 Source: Historic England Archive
As further aerial attacks on lightvessels followed (East Goodwin, sunk 18 July 1940; South Folkestone Gate, sunk 14 August 1940; South Goodwin, sunk 25 October 1940, and East Oaze, sunk 1 November 1940), the British struck back in the propaganda war. The Ministry of Information commissioned the Crown Film Unit in 1940 to produce Men of the Lightship, a dramatisation of life aboard the East Dudgeon, culminating in the attack and its tragic aftermath, which was released in the United States as Men of Lightship 61.
'Lightship 61' was laid up and returned to service in the postwar period but her story opened a grim chapter with the onslaught on lightvessels legible in a seabed heritage of those which have remained on the seabed for the last 80 years.
(1) Trinity House website (nd), Were Trinity House lighthouses switched off during the Second World War?
(2) Rudyard Kipling, "The Coastwise Lights of England", in The Song of the English, London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1909
(3) Midland Daily Telegraph, 30 January 1940, No.15,178, p1; Kim Saul, "Sole Survivor", quoting an unattributed original source, said to be directly from survivor John J R Sanders, in Memories, Belton and District Historical Society website, published online, 2013. The same text is quoted in Anthony Lane, "Lightship Memories", Portside, Winter 2017, pp3-5, published online, attributed to Illustrated, 24 February 1940.
(4) Midland Daily Telegraph, 30 January 1940, No.15,178, p1
(5) See note (3): Saul, "Sole Survivor" and Lane, "Lightship Memories"; Midland Daily Telegraph, 30 January 1940, No.15,178, p1
(6) Liverpool Daily Post, 15 February 1940, No.26,392, p5, and other regional press
(8) Commonwealth War Graves Commission
(10) Newcastle Evening Chronicle, 30 January 1940, No.19,894, p1
(11) House of Commons Debate, Hansard, 8 February 1940, Vol.357, cc.443-9
Diary of the Second World War: October 1939
October 25, 2019 October 26, 2019 ~ Serena ~ Leave a comment
In wartime there are some vessels whose fate seems to involve one thing after another, exacerbated by the 'fog of war' in which events are not wholly clear even to those who have taken part in them: War Knight during the First World War was a case in point, and U-16 on 25 October 1939 another.
The news of U-16's loss followed the recent tragedy of HMS Royal Oak, torpedoed in the apparent safety of the Scapa Flow anchorage, Orkney, on 14 October 1939, by U-47 under the command of Günther Prien. Barely six weeks into the war it was already apparent that the U-boat threat to Britain was significant.
On the afternoon of Tuesday 24 October 1939 an anti-submarine indicator loop at St. Margaret's Bay, Kent, picked up suspicious activity in the Straits of Dover. The Kingfisher-class patrol sloop HMS Puffin and the requisitioned trawler HMS Cayton Wyke were sent to investigate. So far the defence of the Straits of Dover differed little from the previous war in the use of loops (see post of August 1918), of smaller patrol vessels in the form of naval and requisitioned fishing vessels, and of a mine barrage.
As their counterparts had also done in the previous war, one after the other, the two vessels dropped depth charges in the vicinity of their target some three miles east by south of St. Margaret's Bay. (1)
It seems that the effect of this was to disable the submarine, but not so severely that communications were disrupted: the U-boat was able to send a radio message in the early hours of 25 October 1939. (2)
On Thursday 26 October, a German U-boat was discovered stranded on the Goodwin Sands but with no explanation of how it had got there. A statement prepared by the Admiralty and widely disseminated in the press, said:
'How the submarine went aground was not explained last night. Gunfire was heard off Deal on Wednesday, when it was believed that an enemy submarine might have been attacked, but nothing could be seen because of mist.
'Another theory is that the submarine may have been sunk a few days ago off Folkestone and may have drifted or bumped along the sea bed and become fast on the Goodwins.' (3)
There was not only a sea haar, but also a smokescreen thrown up by the Admiralty. Both 'theories' allowed to materialise in the press certainly had a germ of truth to them – an enemy submarine was certainly attacked 'a few days ago' somewhere between Deal and Folkestone barrage. An emphasis on 'gunfire' nicely side-stepped the use of depth charges or the presence of a mine barrage, although some further conjecture from Deal also made it into the press release, albeit still carefully worded:
'It is thought possible at Deal that the U-boat did not go on to the Goodwins under her own power, but was sunk in deeper waters by depth charges or bombs and that some of her bulk heads may have remained undamaged, permitting her to bump along the seabed, carried along by the current.' (4)
To coin a phrase apt in the maritime context, the waters were muddied by a claim that 'a large German submarine has been sunk by the French. This is confirmed by the finding of the bodies of the crew. A message from Dunkirk states that the British Admiralty was represented when the French authorities gave a Naval funeral yesterday to a U-boat officer and five German sailors . . . ' (5)
This funeral was well attended by both French and British naval representatives, and jointly led by both Protestant and Catholic clergy to cover Germany's two principal religions. (6) The Yorkshire Post was of the view that the funeral was 'almost the last flicker of chivalry in warfare'.
The German High Command admitted the loss of three U-boats. (7) Five are recorded as lost for the month of October 1939, but none of these are attributed to French action. Two were depth-charged by British ships in the North Atlantic south-west of Ireland on 13 and 14 October respectively (U-42 and U-45) , and three in the Straits of Dover: U-12, which was mined on 8 October; U-40, which also fell to a British minefield on 13 October; and U-16, attributed to a British minefield. (8)
Could French action have contributed to the demise of U-16? The French press reported that their Navy had recently been active and that a patrol vessel had recovered some bodies from a submarine sunk off Dunkirk. (9) That patrol vessel was the Épinal, which had launched a night attack on a submarine on 26 October (presumably in the early hours of that day), while acting on intelligence that U-boat activity was expected in the Straits of Dover on 26-27 October. (10)
It thus seems that the Épinal might have been the last on the scene, which is also suggested by her crew recovering the U-boat commander alive. (11) Action by British and French patrols, unknown to each other, would also account for the actions reported in the press as heard at different times in different places. Some sources suggest that the Épinal was first on the scene, with the British second, but this fits less well with the time frame and the known actions of Puffin and Cayton Wyke.
That U-boat commander subsequently died despite being taken to hospital. He was identified as Kapitänleutnant Horst Wellner and, it seems, the loss may have been attributed to U-14. It is possible that his lifejacket was marked U-14, which he had commanded up until two weeks previously, his service aboard U-14 ending on 11 October 1939, before taking on the command of U-16 the following day.
The British and French press widely reported the discovery of '50 or 60′ bodies, surely a conjecture or an exaggeration for propaganda purposes, since the normal crew complement was 22-24. (12) In total 19 bodies washed ashore or were picked up at sea on the Kent coast, near Dunkirk, and Ameland, Netherlands. (13) It seems likely that four bodies were recovered from the wreck by the British, since four German seamen whose date of death is 25th October 1939 are buried in Cannock Chase German Cemetery, namely, Paul Hanf, Hans Keil, Rolf Krämer, and Friedhelm Mahnke, and these four, together with the other 19 bodies, would fit with a crew complement of 23. (14)
Did the Goodwin Sands themselves play a part in the U-boat's loss? It would have been all too easy for a disabled submarine to drift helplessly and become ensnared upon the sands, an easy prey for any patrol vessel happening by. The 'Demon Sands' headline in the Manchester Evening Press made good copy and the article rehashed the many legends of the Goodwin Sands: though fanciful, it almost seems to suggest that the Sands themselves had reached out to snare the enemy. (15)
The expression 'ships that pass in the night' reveals a fundamental truth about not only shipping movements but also shipping losses: a spider's web spins out interconnecting one wreck with another. Wellner in U-14 (which would be scuttled in 1945 off Wilhelmshaven as the Allies closed in on Germany) had been responsible for the reconnaissance mission which had led to the very recent loss of HMS Royal Oak in Scapa Flow. (16)
Similarly, U-16's British attacker HMS Cayton Wyke would herself be lost to war causes on 8 July 1940, near the U-16 on the Goodwin Sands: her position of loss links her both to her victim and to the landscape of war in which she served as patrol vessel. HMS Puffin would survive the war, closing the war as she had begun, by accounting for a German submarine.
By the end of October the U-16 was regarded as unsalvageable: 'The submarine is little more than a shattered wreck, and the remains are gradually sinking into the sand owing to the continuance of the bad weather.' (17)
Fairly unusually for the Goodwin Sands, where even very recent wrecks have disappeared completely, the site of the U-16 has a secure charting history since early 1940 as the location of a submarine, although the identity of the site is not confirmed. (18) However, the description of her position 'near' two other wrecks, now among those which have disappeared, may provide a clue to their location: the uncharted Sibiria and the Val Salice, both lost in the same storm in 1916, whose charting is now regarded as 'dead'. (19) This suggests that in 1939 either that they remained partially visible or at least their positions were still within living memory among the seamen of the Kent coast.
(1) based on the location of the vessel identified as U-16, UKHO 13666.
(2) https://uboat.net/boats/u16.htm
(3) or example, in The Scotsman, Friday 27 October 1939, No.30.083, p9, and elsewhere in the British national and regional press.
(4) Birmingham Mail, 27 October 1939, No.22,988, p9
(5) Belfast News-Letter, 30 October 1939 [no issue number] p5, and also reported elsewhere in the British press.
(6) Nord-Maritime, 29/30/31 October 1939, repr. http://dkepaves.free.fr/html/u_16.htm (in French) ; Yorkshire Evening Post, 27 October 1939, No.15,302, p6
(7) Belfast News-Letter, 30 October 1939 [no issue number] p5
(8) uboat.net
(9) Nord-Maritime 29 October 1939, repr. http://dkepaves.free.fr/html/u_16.htm (in French)
(10) ibid; also an article from 11 years later in Le Nouveau-Nord, 27 October 1950, clearly commemorating the anniversary of previous events, similarly repr. http://dkepaves.free.fr/html/u_16.htm (in French)
(11) Le Nouveau-Nord, 27 October 1950, repr. in http://dkepaves.free.fr/html/u_16.htm with further commentary on the same link (in French)
(12) https://uboat.net/types/iib.htm
(13) https://uboat.net/boats/u16.htm
(14) Commonwealth War Graves Commission
(15) Manchester Evening News, 27 October 1939, No.21,989 p1, p6
(16) Konstam, A. 2015 U-47 in Scapa Flow: The Sinking of HMS Royal Oak 1939 (Oxford: Osprey Publishing Ltd) p20
(17) The Scotsman, 31 October 1939, No.30,086 p11
(18) UKHO 13666
(19) North-Eastern Gazette (later Middlesbrough Gazette), 27 October 1939 [no issue no.], p1; Val Salice, UKHO 13729
Diary of the Second World War: September 1939
September 15, 2019 ~ Serena ~ 1 Comment
Alex van Opstal
As Britain prepared for the much-anticipated onslaught of war during the 'Phoney War' period, in which little appeared to be happening militarily, events at sea were already moving fast. Enemy minefields were sown in various locations around the coasts of England virtually from the declaration of war (claiming the Goodwood and the Magdapur in different locations off the east coast just a week into the war).
The worldwide toll of ships attacked by U-boats in September 1939 reached 52, the majority sunk, although a number were captured. At this stage of the war, the majority of the ships attacked were British, and most were forced to stop by an initial warning shot before the crews were forced to leave. A significant proportion of that month's activity took place in the Baltic region as ships from neutral Denmark, Estonia, Finland and Sweden were stopped and, if discovered to be bound for the UK, captured and diverted to German ports, or sunk.
The first neutral ship to be lost in the war within English waters was the Belgian motor vessel Alex van Opstal, belonging to the Compagnie Maritime Belge, 5,965 tons, built in 1937 and named after the company's recently-deceased president. The Alex van Opstal left New York for Antwerp on 6 September, three days into the war, with a general cargo, predominantly grain (3,400 tons), 59 crew, and eight passengers. (1) All must have been anxious as to what awaited them in European waters, but none could have predicted what happened next.
On 15 September, while proceeding up Channel, she was ordered to call at Weymouth for examination by the British authorities. It was after 'making a stopover in England', as a French newspaper put it, (2), that there was a sudden explosion under No.2 hold.
The news likewise exploded around the world. Plans for press censorship and a Ministry of Information were well established in advance of the outbreak of war, and in fact it was a retired naval commander, Rear-Admiral George Pirie Thomson, who became the Chief Censor for the War: he was new in post in those early days. (3)
It was therefore an official Ministry of Information press release the following day which revealed the recent loss of four ships, three British and the Alex van Opstal. No dates or locations were released for the British ships, but the MoI was happy to offer more information regarding the date and place of loss of the loss of the Belgian vessel 'late last night [15th September] off the Shambles lightship, near Weymouth.' (4) The Ministry statement added further information from the master, Vital Delgoffe, who believed that the vessel had struck a mine, although at that stage a torpedo had not been ruled out. In either case the British authorities made it extremely clear that it was seen as an 'infraction'.
'If his opinion is well-founded, the Ministry adds the mine must without doubt have been dropped by an enemy minelayer, as at no time have the British laid live mines anywhere near the spot where the Alex van Opstal sank.' (5) The propaganda war had begun along with the physical war, and here the British took the offensive. In Belgium an artist's impression of the scene made the cover of the weekend magazine Ons Volk, with the highly inaccurate but emotive detail of a nursing mother escaping in a boat (there were no children or infants on board).
The press in Britain, France, and the Netherlands reported the reaction in the German press to the sinking, which suggested that 'the sinking could undoubtedly be ascribed to Mr. Churchill' and that the vessel, 'if, indeed, torpedoed at all' was not torpedoed by a German submarine. (6) Yet a portrait of the Alex van Opstal appeared in the Kriegsmarine magazine of the German Navy in October 1939, and we now know that the mine had been laid five days previously by U-26, Kapitänleutnant Klaus Ewerth. (7)
According to Alfred Thorne, assistant engineer aboard the ship, following the explosion 'we were plunged into darkness and fuel oil poured down like a torrent . . . We rushed up on deck and found that the ship had been cut clean in two.' All the passengers and crew left in the ship's boats and pulled over to the Greek steamer Atlanticos. (8)
A seaplane then reported the Atlanticos' location to boats to which the crew and passengers were transferred. Several of the passengers and crew were taken to hospital suffering from 'fractures and shock', including an 'elderly' female passenger with a broken arm, who was allowed to go on to a hotel afterwards, although six men were detained in hospital. (9) With the exception of the master and four other men, who remained in hospital in Weymouth, one man evidently having been discharged, two days later the crew were back home in Ostend. (10)
By the time a Devon newspaper reported that an empty lifeboat from the Alex van Opstal was found adrift 14 miles south of the Bill of Portland and towed into Brixham by her compatriot, the trawler Bolnes, another shipping loss was making headline news – the warship HMS Courageous. (11)
As we can see, the wreck of the Alex van Opstal was extremely well documented at the time, notwithstanding the press censorship of the event, and on 25 September the wreck was located and marked by a buoy, establishing a secure identification of the site that goes back to 1939. By 1940 that buoy had gone missing but was not, understandably in the light of other marine priorities during the war, replaced, and the site was not investigated again until the post-war period. By 1949 it had been dispersed. (12)
The wreck is a popular dive today, and even post-dispersal, clearly lies in two parts. A wreck tour published on Divernet contains a dive plan and photo gallery. (13)
This wreck encapsulates many of the characteristics that would define shipping losses over the course of the Second World War. War causes were common to all, of course, and there would be decisions taken which placed ships in a danger zone, often unwittingly. There would also be official secrecy and propaganda, both of which intensified over the course of time. In its loss there was also a harbinger of the future: 3,400 tons of grain failed to reach its destination on a continent appearing increasingly embattled and vulnerable – hence the need, recognised from the very beginning of the war, to keep the Atlantic open.
In this loss, too, we can also see another trend that would emerge during the Second World War, as during the First: a complex interrelationship of ships in a common underwater cultural heritage woven into the history of the war.
This is best illustrated by what happened next to some of the other players in the story: U-26 would meet her end south-west of Ireland on 1 July 1940, depth-charged and bombed by an Allied air-sea force; the Atlanticos would be herself mined and sunk off the Thames Estuary, carrying a cargo of North American grain, in February 1942; and some of the crew would go on to serve aboard other ships that would in turn be lost: for example, Second Officer Fernand van Geert would serve throughout the war in the Belgian mercantile marine, surviving the torpedoing of the Mercier in June 1941 and the Belgian Airman in April 1945.
(1) Evening Star (Washington), 16 September 1939, No.34,836, p7; Le Journal, 17 September 1939, No.17,133, p3
(2) Le Journal, 17 September 1939, No.17,133, p3
(3) Thomson, G. 1947 Blue Pencil Admiral: The Inside Story of the Press Censorship (London: Sampson Low, Marston & Co. Ltd.)
(4) e.g. Sunderland Daily Echo & Shipping Gazette, 16 September 1939, No.20,571, p1, and widely reported in similar articles in the British press
(6) Newcastle Journal, 19 September 1939, No.29,150, p5
(7) Die Kriegsmarine, October 1939, repr. in Ships Nostalgia (nd), with photograph of ship in 1937 from the Kriegsmarine article; uboat.net (nd)
(8) The Atlanticos was herself mined off the Thames Estuary laden with North American grain in 1942.
(9) Belfast Telegraph, 16 September 1939, [no issue number on masthead] p7; Lancashire Evening Post, 16 September 1939, No.16,418, p5
(10) De Banier, 22 September 1939, No.3,507, p10
(11) Torbay Express and South Devon Echo, 18 September 1939, No.5,134, p1, p6
(13) Divernet, Wreck Tour No.152, repr. from the print edition of Diver, August 2011.
(*) Leeuwarder Courant, 19 September 1939, Vol. 188, No.221, p10
The Sutton Hoo Ship-Burial
August 23, 2019 ~ Serena ~ Leave a comment
What is a shipwreck?
The summer of 2019 marks the 80th anniversary of the excavations which led to one of the most spectacular Anglo-Saxon discoveries ever made, the ship-burial at Sutton Hoo in Suffolk. In August 1939 the contents of the burial were the subject of an inquest to determine whether or not they constituted treasure trove (they did not). (1) The astonishing finds discussed at the inquest on August 14 attracted a good deal of media attention over the ensuing fortnight, fascinating a public facing the imminent prospect of war.
Building on the previous year's excavation works, archaeological excavations had resumed in May 1939. As Mound 1 was opened up, both landowner Edith Pretty and archaeologist Basil Brown were keen to see what they would discover. They may have had an inkling from the 1938 excavation, in which a lesser burial mound (Mound 2) had yielded ship rivets and a 'boat shape', but which had been robbed of associated grave goods in the past – but nothing could have prepared them for the find of a lifetime.
Within a few days a rivet was also discovered in Mound 1, and as more rivets emerged, it became clear that this was another ship-burial also containing an artefact assemblage which had defied earlier attempts at robbery.
Organic material, such as the hull timbers, had long since vanished in the acid soil. What was left was an intact 'ghost impression' of the ship, the disposition of the rivets bearing witness to its original clinker planking, and evenly spaced ridges of sand where the ribs had once been. In the same way the arrangement of personal artefacts, reflecting their natural position on or beside the body, revealed the original resting place of the deceased, whose remains had been similarly consumed by the soil.
The 'ghost impression' of the buried ship as revealed in 1939. Still from a film made by H. J. Phillips, brother of Charles Phillips: permission for unlimited use granted by son William Phillips and grandson Jeremy Gilbert.
It was a very special ship with a very special 'passenger' and 'cargo', a high-status male burial containing an extremely diverse, rich, and finely-wrought, assemblage of artefacts from the Anglo-Saxon world and beyond. Since that summer of 1939 this assemblage has been assigned to the early 7th century and has been interpreted as the grave of Raedwald, King of East Anglia, who was noted in a 9th century chronicle as bretwalda with some form of overlordship over other Anglo-Saxon kings.
If the ship was deliberately deposited, hauled up from the nearby River Deben, ten miles from the sea, as the river meanders, and intended for preservation by burial, rather than destruction, why are we making it the subject of a Wreck of the Week?
This article weaves together the diversity of our wreck heritage, the features the Sutton Hoo ship-burial shares with more conventional wreck archaeology, and the context of war, since the find also foreshadows the 80th anniversary of the outbreak of the Second World War.
The key driver for interpreting the Sutton Hoo burial as a 'wreck' in one sense is because of the very disappearance of the ship itself. By contrast, a number of Viking Age ship-burials in Norway, relatively close in date, cultural milieu and deposit context, have been well-preserved (Oseberg, c.820, discovered 1903-4; Gokstad, c.890, found 1879; and Tune, c.900-910, excavated 1867). Unlike these examples, the ship at the centre of the Sutton Hoo burial has been 'wrecked' literally by the sands of time, namely its 1,300 years from deposit to discovery within a mound of sandy and acidic soil.
It is certainly an unusual 'wrecking' process, and despite its proximity to the river, one well outside a waterborne context, which makes it all the more unusual. The nearest parallels in the British Isles lie outside an English context, for example the Viking Age ship-burials at Ardnamurchan, Scotland, and Balladoole on the Isle of Man, in both of which the timbers have also leached away.
Also exceptional, from a maritime point of view, is the way the mound has acted as 'destroyer' rather than 'preserver' of the vessel: unlike the grave mounds built on land by human hands, wreck mounds tend to form by a natural accretion process, helping to preserve timbers and other organic contents within an anaerobic environment that prevents or delays decay (as can be seen on artefacts from the designated Rooswijk of 1740, for example).
Wreck processes in the inter-tidal zone and in or immediately beside rivers often provide visible and accessible illustrations of underwater wreck processes. For example, the scour pit around the wreck of the Amsterdam (1749, also designated) in the inter-tidal zone at Bulverhythe demonstrates on land how sunken vessels can 'scour out' a pit for themselves by their own motion against that of the tides and currents of the surrounding water column.
In the same vein, the two wrecks at the designated Salcombe Cannon site (identified from their associated assemblages as Bronze Age and 17th century respectively) demonstrate within the marine zone how the geology of the site environment itself, as at Sutton Hoo, can act as a medium of destruction and decay. A dynamic environment, full of rocky gullies, has eroded any remaining timbers, although those same gullies have sheltered and preserved the cargo scatters.
Elsewhere a cargo may demonstrate the presence of a wreck without an associated hull which may either have degraded or remains to be discovered, such as the Roman-era Pudding Pan Wreck in the Thames Estuary, which has yielded quantities of Samian ware over the centuries. In retaining its rich assemblage without its originating vessel, the Sutton Hoo burial has a point of contact with such wreck sites.
In some ways, the 'wreck process' associated with the lesser-known Mound 2 ship was similar to that of Mound 1, with the same acid soil working on its timbers. However, there were other intervening events between deposit and discovery which contributed to the loss not only of the vessel but also of its context. Unlike Mound 2, the rivets were scattered and no longer bore witness to the original vessel structure, having been disturbed by earlier grave-robbing activity. Essentially this activity was a historic example of what we would today designate a heritage crime.
Such problems could be exacerbated by the archaeological standards prevailing at the time of discovery. We have covered this before in our earlier post on Anglo-Saxon wrecks in the Manchester Ship Canal but there were others: as far back as 1862 an Anglo-Saxon ship-burial was discovered at Snape, also in Suffolk. Although the site was recorded and published, and some physical evidence survives in the form of the iron rivets which were also found on that site, our understanding of this vessel remains incomplete. Between the site's original discovery and further archaeological exploration in the 20th century, the landscape was much altered by ploughing with the loss of detail and context. This particular case highlights the importance of careful survey and recording, which guards against knowledge and/or site loss, and acts as 'preservation by record'.
Iron rivets from the Snape ship-burial, on display at Aldeburgh Moot Hall Museum. User:Midnightblueowl [CC BY-SA 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)]
In 1970, another Anglo-Saxon vessel, a clinker-built boat dated to the late 9th century, was discovered at Graveney, Kent, during excavations for a drainage channel in the local marshland. It has been interpreted as a sea-going vessel, abandoned in the marshes approximately a kilometre from the sea, and thus from a different context entirely to a ship-burial.
Such loss through abandonment appears to be typical in the records of many boats discovered archaeologically in the 19th century and early 20th centuries and attributed to the Anglo-Saxon or Viking periods or even earlier. It is plausible that many such vessels were initially laid up over a period of time, with the intention of being brought back into use again (not dissimilar in some ways to the point with which we started, the determination of treasure trove!).
Such vessels, whether as logboats or more formally built with worked timbers, then passed completely out of use, through obsolescence, the economics of repair, or perhaps simply on the death of their original owners. These hulks are analogous to the many Thames barges which worked the river up until the mid 20th century and which now lie rotting on the shores of Essex and Kent. The Sutton Hoo mound likewise looks across the River Deben to two modern hulk assemblages on the opposite bank at Ferry Cliff and Sun Wharf. These hulks have been either forgotten or deliberately abandoned and the long slow process of decay has transformed these vessels into 'wrecks', in the sense of vessels no longer capable of their original navigational function.
A late 19th-early 20th century view past pine trees across the River Deben at Woodbridge. The Sutton Hoo ship burial was discovered close to this spot in 1939. Source: Historic England Archive
The relative ease of logboat excavation in the Victorian or Edwardian periods means that these have been particularly prone to being lost post-excavation, because of the archaeological recording and storage standards then prevailing. It is arguable that their discovery can be seen as the final stage of a long-drawn-out 'wreck process' regardless of the original owners' intentions or context of deposit, a fate shared with the subject of a recent post, the Ship under the Power Station.
The most dramatic example of such a fate was a Bronze Age boat discovered in 1886, carefully preserved by Victorian standards and put on display in Hull and East Riding Museum. It was finally destroyed or 'wrecked' in possibly the most extreme example of a multi-phase wreck process recorded in England – during a Second World War bombing raid which severely damaged the museum itself in 1943.
It is extraordinary to think that the Hull Bronze Age boat not only shares a<|fim_middle|>35, p2 (in Swedish: translated by the author)
(7) Durham Records Online, 1901 Census Hawthorn
(8) Durham County Council and Northumberland County Council, Keys to the Past (nd), Hawthorn (County Durham); Coastwalkblog, (nd) County Durham, Coastwalk #4, Seaham to Hartlepool
(9) The Shields Daily News, 15 November 1901, No.12,496, p3
(10) National Library of Sweden, Höganäs Tidning 19 November 1901, No.137, p3 (in Swedish: translated by the author)
(11) The Shields Daily News, 15 November 1901, No.12,496, p3
(12) Sunderland Daily Echo and Shipping Gazette, 14 Jan 1903, No.9,046, p6
(13) Durham County Council and Northumberland County Council, Keys to the Past, (nd) Hawthorn Tower; Lost Heritage – England's lost country houses, Hawthorn Tower
(14) National Library of Sweden, Sydsvenska Dagbladet 20 January 1903, No.18, p3
(15) Sunderland Daily Echo and Shipping Gazette, 14 Jan 1903, p3
(17) Alfred T Story, "Hands Round the Coast", The Strand Magazine, Sep 1901, vol. xxii, pp279- 286
(18) Delpher, Rotterdamsch nieuwsblad, 16 Nov 1901, No.24, p3, Scheepstijdningen – London 14 Nov 1901
Proudly powered by WordPress Theme: Penscratch. | multi-phase loss process with many other craft of different types and eras, but also has something in common with vessels of 1940s construction sunk in coastal waters by the 1940s means of air attack.
By any standards the Sutton Hoo ship-burial was an extraordinary archaeological discovery. Although not unknown in a national or international context, ship-burials remain rare finds, while the remarkable grave goods within have done much to inform our understanding of the Anglo-Saxon period. Despite more recent Anglo-Saxon discoveries of comparable magnificence such as the Prittlewell Princely Burial or the Staffordshire Hoard, the Sutton Hoo ship-burial retains its significance and glamour.
One of the ways in which the importance of Sutton Hoo was recognised was immediate: the site was Scheduled as an Ancient Monument in November 1939, two months into the war, and the assemblage would spend the war in storage, along with many other national treasures.
Other Anglo-Saxon boats have also been discovered before and since, but to date there have been no known Anglo-Saxon finds in the marine zone, although the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records a few wreck events. The surviving written record, however, is pitifully thin by comparison to the number of wrecks which must in reality have occurred, simply by the very nature of seaborne traffic (touched on in a previous post, 1066 and All That). It is a reminder that the goods in the Sutton Hoo ship-burial, such as the Frankish coins and Byzantine bucket, were all the more valuable for safely arriving following a sea voyage.
The Sutton Hoo ship-burial bridges 'marine' and 'terrestrial' archaeology, in which patterns shared with wreck archaeology can be clearly seen. Despite some parallels such as at Balladoole, it is also the only 'wreck' we know of in an English context discovered by clear evidence of what was once there, rather than a simple absence of surviving ship structure, and thus so far unique within England's diverse wreck heritage.
Had the burial not been discovered in the summer of 1939, just before Britain went to war, perhaps much of its context would have been compromised. Over the next few years Mound 1 would be subjected to intrusive military activity which has left its scars on the landscape, and which could so easily have damaged or destroyed the 'negative impression' of the ship.
This post also paves the way for our upcoming War Diary for the Second World War, commencing in September 2019.
(1) It was determined that they were clearly buried as part of a highly public funeral rite, with no intention of recovery, so that ownership passed to the finder (rather than hidden in secrecy with the intention of later recovery, in which case they would have been deemed treasure trove and thus assigned to Crown ownership).
The Sirius
August 8, 2019 August 20, 2019 ~ Serena ~ Leave a comment
For the 'dog days' of summer, associated with Sirius, the 'dog star', we welcome our guest blogger Tanja Watson, one of Historic England's Marine Information Officers. Tanja is currently undertaking a project to update our records for Swedish wrecks around the coast of England. Here she highlights the story of a ship named Sirius, wrecked in 1901:
Medal awarded for heroic rescue of Swedish crew
Following on from Ken Hamilton's recent account of the Swedish vessel Vicuna, lost during the Great Storm of 1883 when over 50 vessels and over 200 crew went down around the North Sea, the Swedish ship Sirius was lost off County Durham, during the Great Storm of 11 to 14 November 1901, which saw around 48 ships lost in England alone. (1) With wind speeds reaching up to force 11 (one point short of a hurricane), it has been described as 'one of the greatest human disasters before the Great War'. (2)
View of storm conditions on the nearby Terrace Beach, Seaham, County Durham, during the 'North Sea Flood' storm of 31 January 1953. © and by kind permission of David Angus
The 1901 storm led to a tremendous rescue effort, particularly on the north-east coast of England, which saw some make the ultimate sacrifice to save others, while other rescuers were helpless to save the shipwrecked sailors. (3)
Central to this story is the Silver Medal and official recognition awarded by the Swedish government in gratitude for the bravery and determination shown by the four coastguards who not only managed to rescue the crew of the Sirius, a Swedish barquentine (also described as a schooner) but also that of the Miss Thomas, an English schooner. Both stranded on the same day, Tuesday 12 November 1901, near Hawthorn Hive, between Seaham and Easington in County Durham.
The Sirius, a 223-ton sailing vessel, was built in 1875 in the tiny harbour village of Sikeå, northern Sweden. (4) Although originally named Sikeå, she was re-registered as Sirius to Nyhamn (now Nyhamnsläge) (5) in southern Sweden. On the day she struck, she was bound from Shoreham-by-Sea to Sunderland in ballast to load coal destined for Helsingborg. (6)
The rocks along this stretch of coastline are broken, rugged and pierced by caverns. Hawthorn, a small agricultural village once surrounded by collieries, with a population of 513 in 1901 (7) had a coastguard station (now a ruin) at Hawthorn Hive and rocket posts at Hawthorn Dene. (8) The station was manned by the Seaham Harbour Life Brigade, (9) one of the Volunteer Life Brigades which once assisted the coastguard services nationally and whose heritage lives on in the three surviving Life Brigades of the nearby coast at Tynemouth, South Shields and Sunderland.
Hawthorn Dene with the silhouette of the Coastguard Station top left. (HAW 036) © and by kind permission of David Angus
The Sirius struck rocks and stranded half a mile south of the beach. Local newspapers each focus on different aspects of the story. A Swedish newspaper describes it from the point of view of the crew: Captain (Christer or Christian) Pettersson and his crew of 8 were literally between a rock and a hard place. Their lives were at risk either way whether they stayed with the vessel or swam to shore: 'One of the sailors flung himself into the water with a rope around his waist and attempted to reach land, but it broke off in the strong breakers. Realising what had happened, the rest of the crew quickly donned their life belts, jumped into the sea and started to swim ashore.' Not long after, the schooner was completely smashed and sank out of sight. Upon reaching the shoreline, the men then discovered the sharp rocks and almost vertical cliffs impossible to scale. (10)
The local news in Tyneside focused on the rescuers' side of the story:
'After the crew got ashore, all of them being in an exhausted condition from exposure, they had to be assisted by the coastguards over the rocks and shingle, a distance over a mile, and frequently had to wade breast deep in the surf. They also ran the danger of being hemmed in by the rising tide. The lacerated hands of the coastguards, caused by falling on the jagged rocks, are striking evidence of the heroism and fortitude displayed in the work of rescue.' (11)
There are a number of clues in the story which tell us where the wreck actually came to grief. The details of 'half a mile south of the beach' at Hawthorn Hive, the inhospitable cliffs which confronted the shipwrecked sailors, and the 'jagged rocks' which 'lacerated' the rescuers' hands, place the location of the wreck in the vicinity of Shippersea Bay or a little further south at Shippersea Point. The rocks lie in the inter-tidal zone, so also fit well with the incoming tide and the slippery journey over the rocks 'breast deep' in water. The distance the coastguards helped the men, 'over a mile', would also be well accounted for by the place where they ended up, as we shall see.
View of the coastline at Shippersea Bay, south of Hawthorn Hive, 2009. CC-BY-SA/2.0 – © Colin Park – https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/2152530
Other than the master's name, we know little about the Swedish crew, but we know a little more about their rescuers, led by two coastguards named Stroud and Baldwin, assisted by Healy and Sanderson, the head- and under-gardeners at nearby Hawthorn Tower. (12) The rescued men were first taken to the coastguard station, then, perhaps at the gardeners' suggestion, on to Hawthorn Tower, which was the home of John Stapylton Grey Pemberton, MP for Sunderland, and his wife Nira, who personally attended to them.
Hawthorn Tower, near the mouth of Hawthorn Dene, was a large Gothic Revival house built by John Dobson in 1821 and purchased by the Pemberton family in the late 1850s, who remained in residence until circa 1910. Following requisitioning and sale in the aftermath of the Second World War, the house became a ruin and was demolished in 1969. No trace of it now remains, but its private railway platform can still be seen in Hawthorn Dene. (13)
Photograph of Hawthorn Towers, a Gothic-style mansion with 30 rooms. (HAW 027) © and by kind permission of David Angus
Having often lost all their belongings, charities (such as the Shipwrecked Mariners' Society) were set up to help shipwrecked sailors get home as soon as possible from anywhere in Britain. Foreign sailors were sent to their nearest consulate, which would pay for their onward travel, so the crew of the Sirius would have gone to the Swedish-Norwegian consulate in Sunderland, which was only 11 miles away. (At the time Sweden was still in a union with Norway, with both kingdoms sharing the same monarch and a common foreign policy between 1814 and 1905.)
The courage displayed in this one incident, among so many in the disastrous storm of 1901, did not go unremarked. The story was taken up again 14 months later, in 1903, when Mr Pemberton would give a speech at the award ceremony held in honour of the coastguards, where, according to a newspaper from the crew's home region, 'he emphasized the bravery of the coastguards' deeds which he could personally appreciate as he once, seventeen years previously, had managed to save a life on the same coast and under much more benign conditions'. Mr Pemberton ended with 'thanking the Swedish government for its good memory and highlighting the friendly relationship that has always existed between the British nation and Sweden.' (14)
The Sunderland press gave further details of the ceremony which enlarged on the nature of the ceremony – not the usual presentation of RNLI or other home awards for gallantry, but one which was a fully-fledged diplomatic affair.
'To-day a large gathering of villagers and others was held in the schoolroom, Hawthorn, to witness presentations for bravery in rescuing the crew of the Swedish vessel Sirius, which went ashore at Hawthorn Hythe during the gale in November. The circumstances having been reported to the Swedish Government, an intimation was sent to Mr E.U. Wancke, Consular representative at Sunderland, that it had been decided to give medals. —
'The awards were as follows: -Stroud, a silver medal from the King of Sweden, in case suspended from a ribbon denoting the Swedish national colours. His Majesty also sent to the other Coastguard and gardeners £1 10s each. There were present Mr Wancke and Commander Stokes, R.N., of the Coastguard at Sunderland. The presentations were made by Mr Pemberton, who spoke in a most eulogistic manner of the gallantry of the four men. Mr Wancke also spoke, and thanked Mr Pemberton, on behalf of the Swedish Government, for having kindly undertaken to hand over the awards.' (15)
Photo of George Stroud's silver medal, The Medal for Laudable Actions, which surfaced at auction in 2005. The obverse shows Oscar II (1829–1907) in profile with Latin inscription: Oscar II Rex Sveciae et Norvegiae Goth. et Vandal. The reverse names the recipient underneath a wreath, surrounded by the Latin inscription Sui Memores Alios Fecere Merendo (They have through their deeds made others remember them). Image courtesy of Dix Noonan Webb Ltd.
The ceremony apparently closed with three hearty cheers for the Swedish-Norwegian consul, (16) who was probably the prime mover behind the award, being in a position to make a recommendation to the Swedish authorities.
Photograph of Mr Elof Ulrik Wancke (1855-1943). Disappointed by the lack of an official diplomatic uniform, he is seen here in one of his own design. © and by kind permission of John Green
The award of medals by foreign powers for gallant sea rescues was not that common, but seems to have peaked around 1880-1920. Examples of foreign medals awarded to British crews around this time included those from the Russian Matador, lost in 1902. For the rescue of the crew, the lifeboat coxswain was awarded the Russian Silver Medal and his crew Certificates of Merit. Of the lifeboat crew who rescued the men from the Norwegian Geir, lost in 1908, the coxswain was awarded the British RNLI Silver Medal, while another received a silver medal from the King of Norway.
The Miss Thomas also deserves a mention, of course. Built in 1864, and thus slightly older than the Sirius, she was also in ballast when she stranded near Hawthorn en route from Dover for the Tyne. Registered in either Plymouth or London (sources vary), her master, G Hitchens, and his crew of five were all rescued in wind conditions of SE force 7.
Local and international papers covered the storm as it unfolded, particularly include the full-rigged French schooner Quillota from Nantes with 19 aboard, wrecked at Sunderland; the Swedish three-masted barque Trio, lost in Hartlepool Bay with seven lives (drawing of the wreck, Kalmar County Museum); and the Norwegian barque Inga with all but one of her 16 crew. The latter, a large iron sailing ship, 1,100 tons and 200 feet long, sank within sight of Tyne Dock having sailed all the way from Adelaide, Australia. We can see therefore that sailing vessels were disproportionately affected by the storm, demonstrating the advantages of the steamship, by now the key vessel type.
At the turn of the century, coastguard stations usually consisted of six to eight men, while smaller or sub-stations would number around three. Recruited exclusively from the Navy and the Naval Reserve, any man connected with the force could be called up for duty. In 1901, the coastguard service numbered between 4,000 and 5,000 men, who were required for both day and night patrol. (17)
Seaham's coastguard station was much larger than Hawthorn's and was also involved in the storm. On 12 November their coastguards were battling to rescue the crew of Alkor. a Russian schooner transporting coal, which stranded and was lost in wind conditions E force 10, from which we can see that the violence of the storm was exacerbated by its variability compared to the other wrecks. Three men were saved, while three drowned. (18) It was from Seaham Harbour reports of the Hawthorn rescue were initially sent out to the press, and there would no doubt have been close ties between the two stations.
By interrogating the sources we are not only able to highlight a tale of courage, but also to set it in its historical, social and geographical context: in England, this was one wreck among many, with more detail in Swedish accounts; we can see that rescue was a complete community effort in a small village; and by combining details from the reports we can pinpoint the place of loss.
Map of Hawthorn Hive in 1898, with Shippersea Bay to the south. Hawthorn Tower and the Coastguard station are visible respectively north and south of Hawthorn Dene, which lies to the west of Hawthorn Hive. Historic Ordnance Survey mapping: © and database right Crown Copyright and Landmark Information Group Ltd (All rights reserved 2019) Licence numbers 000394 and TP0024
(1) Evening Chronicle, 8 Mar 2002, Storm turned the North coast into ships' graveyard; Historic England's National Record of the Historic Environment (NRHE) database lists 48 known wrecks for this period
(2) Philip Eden, Change in the weather, A&C Black, 2006, p. 104
(3) South Tyneside County Council, 19 Feb 2007, Great Storm of 1901 Remembered
(4) National Library of Sweden, Höganäs Tidning 19 November 1901, No.137, p3 (in Swedish: translated by the author)
(5) National Library of Sweden, Höganäs Tidning, 28 January 1902, No.12, p2 (in Swedish: translated by the author)
(6) National Library of Sweden, Höganäs Tidning, 14 November 1901, No. | 3,861 |
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