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The University of Melbourne is committed to utilising advances in technology to advance scientific research and development across a range of disciplines.
With the rapid advance of technology, it is often forgotten just what goes into providing all of that computing power. That little electron microscope that can view a DNA molecule in three dimensions also has a very hi-tech and costly data centre attached to it that provides the electricity, cooling, storage and backup of every byte of enormous amounts of data and computing power to render that DNA molecule in three dimensions.
The key criteria throughout the project…. This is a LIVE site!, all project works had to be successfully completed with ZERO downtime to the<|fim_middle|> testing, Strategic Directions is proud to be a trusted partner of the University. The project, as at August 2018, is in its final rounds of commissioning and Integrated Systems Testing and is due to be successfully completed on time and on budget at the end of September. | University services.
Following months and months of planning, a staged approach whereby the project was dived up into several smaller "micro projects" enabled the University to utilise the existing redundancy to upgrade and install all the new systems with zero downtime.
Strategic Directions has been providing specialist data centre knowledge and support to the University for a number of years and was delighted to be the commissioning agent for this project. Involved throughout the project from design to implementation and final witness | 92 |
Belfast-born food writer John McKenna has hailed 2014 as a 'miracle year' for Northern Irish food.
"For someone who has been writing about food in Northern Ireland for over 25 years, 2014 has been an annus mirabilis," he said.
"Harry's Shack has changed the rulebook.
"It's so unlikely, there is no model for it, they are in a shack on a beach in the far north west yet Donal and Derek are at the cutting edge of contemporary Irish cooking and they had an audience from week one.
"On paper, it's the wrong thing in the wrong place. In all the objectives for<|fim_middle|> of people on a windy morning - is unprecedented."
Meanwhile, Alain Kerloc'h, sommelier and co-owner at OX in Belfast, was named the McKenna's Wine Person of the Year. Stephen Toman, also of OX, was named one of the "Dozen Hot Chefs for 2015". | running a restaurant, it should not work, it almost got washed away last month, but the success - turning away hundreds | 24 |
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First case of COVID-19 UK variant confirmed in Los Angeles County
Public Health officials on Saturday, Jan. 16 confirmed the faster-spreading UK variant of COVID-19 has reached Los Angeles. An infected person, only described as "male," recently "spent time" in Los Angeles County before traveling to Oregon, where he is currently isolated. The variant was confirmed by Quest Laboratories in Washington state. No other information on where the man was in the LA area was immediately available. Although it is the first confirmed case of the variant in Los Angeles Cou...
Tags: Health, Business, UK, News, Education, California, Cdc, Washington, Oregon, La, Government, Paul Simon, Los Angeles, Sport, Joe Biden, Public Health
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Photos: UCLA School of Dentistry gives out dental hygiene kits during food giveaway
The line of masked people stretched from Tyrone Avenue on to Victory Boulevard for the weekly Central Lutheran Church Mobile Pantry LA Food Bank Food Distribution in Van Nuys on Monday, Jan. 11. During this edition of the food giveaway, those in line would also receive information on dental hygiene and dental kits from the UCLA Dental School. "Dental care is under accessed, especially by underserved communities, and we want them to know there are benefits and access for them," said Dental Hygien...
Tags: Health, News, Education, Sport, Soccer, Community, Local News, Dental, 288, LA County, Victory Boulevard, Van Nuys, Los Angeles Daily News, UCLA School of Dentistry, Central Lutheran Church, Brummel
Push to open public schools in February thrills some parents, terrifies some teachers, as COVID surges
The new year brings a ray of hope for California parents like Kate Gude, who has watched with mounting worry as her four kids suffer social isolation and reduced instruction time from online learning. The first COVID-19 vaccines were given to health care workers a month ago, teachers whose safety fears have blunted reopening efforts are next in line, and the governor has a new $2 billion plan aimed at getting kids back into classrooms over the next three months. "I'm an eternal optimist," said G...
Tags: School, News, Education, California, New York City, Sacramento, Los Angeles, Sport, Austin, Soccer, Williams, San Jose, Lausd, Cuba, Orange County, Group
Even as custodians and workers clean up damage left after rioters invaded the U.S. Capitol building Wednesday, Jan. 6, there's another mess, as teachers and other<|fim_middle|>...
Tags: Health, News, Education, California, US, Sport, Soccer, Community, Lausd, Usc, Los Angeles County, Alhambra, LA County, Los Angeles Daily News, Austin Beutner, Pacoima
Community meetings in the San Fernando Valley, Sept. 21-28
The Hollywood Burbank Airport in Burbank, CA April 23, 2019. (Photo by David Crane, Los Angeles Daily News/SCNG) Community meetings bring people together for exchange of ideas and memorable shared experiences plus the potential for positive personal and community enrichment. Here is a sampling of upcoming online meetings. Wings Over Wendy's: Veterans of all services and their supporters meet online on Zoom. Meet and greet, 8:30 a.m., followed by meeting, 9:30 a.m. Sept. 7 and every ...
Tags: Cooking, Gardening, Congress, College, Trees, Los Angeles, Sport, Soccer, Veterans, Wildlife, Higher Education, Community, Lausd, Book Club, Local News, Council
Teachers contend with stress as distance learning endures
After a two-week sprint to set up her online classroom, a weekend spent in 100-degree lines and coming home to yet another argument between her three children, Lorraine Quinones shut her bedroom door, threw herself onto her bed and sobbed into her pillow. LAUSD fourth grade teacher Lorraine Quiñones checks her students work in her bedroom where she teaches from as one of her school aged children Melody, center, plays with her friends Desiree Ayala and Lea Guevara, all 9, after school at her Ea...
Tags: Health, News, Education, Los Angeles, Recommended, Sport, Cnn, Soccer, New York Times, Community, Lausd, Vincent, Southern California, Carmen, Melody, Samuel
Alhambra second-grade teacher Krystal Tran a perfect fit for distance-learning
Krystal Tran, a second-grade teacher at Ramona Elementary in Alhambra, has her hands full. But one would never know that judging by the positive and joyful way she conducts her classes virtually from her Temple City home, a necessity because of the coronavirus pandemic. Tran has sons aged 9 (Dean) and 11 (Benjamin). They are in San Gabriel Unified School District and do their distance-learning from home while mom teaches a group of 7-year-olds who, understandably, at times have issues staying fo...
Tags: News, Education, La, Sport, Soccer, Local News, Los Angeles County, Mason, Ferrer, Alhambra, San Gabriel, Dean, LA County, Tran, San Gabriel Valley, Dahlia
LAUSD students continue push to fully defund school police department
LOS ANGELES >> Not satisfied with the $25 million that the Los Angeles Unified school board cut from the district's police department this summer, students and social justice activists are continuing to press for a full defunding of the program. About 125 people gathered outside the district's headquarters on Tuesday, Sept. 15, calling for the complete elimination of the Los Angeles School Police Department. At times, some of the rally-goers got into heated exchanges with a smaller group of coun...
Tags: News, Education, America, Los Angeles, Recommended, Sport, Soccer, Williams, Lausd, Black Lives Matter, Southern California, Tina, Los Angeles Daily News, Los Angeles Unified, Austin Beutner, Beutner
At a Sylmar teacher's maternity room, school is in session
A room at the maternity ward at Providence Holy Cross Medical Center in Mission Hills is full of the sound of third-graders' voices. They're echoing from the speakers in Janet Udomratsak's laptop. "I'm not finished yet," says a forlorn but honest voice, clearly in the middle of deep thought on the issue of "3 x 4." Rows. Arrays. Columns. Answer… Computing….. Computing… and the chats start coming in. A collective answer. A collective "12." And with that, a small victory for Udomratsak. "Good job!...
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At LAUSD, a school year begins like none before
The hallways of San Fernando Middle School were quiet on Tuesday, Aug. 18, not in any way what a first day of school normally looks like — or sounds like. No sweaty teenagers in sweltering August heat. No horseplay between classes. No sheepish gazes of unrequited crushes after a summer of adventures. Aside from a small flow of students and parents registering for the first time and scattered maintenance staff and administrators, the campus was virtually empty. And the classes? Well, they will be...
Tags: Business, News, Education, Microsoft, Sport, Soccer, Lausd, Northridge, Los Angeles Unified School District, Sherman Oaks, Los Angeles Daily News, Austin Beutner, Beutner, Top Stories LADN, Hans Gutknecht, Top Stories Breeze
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Copyright © 2014-2021 by BlogLikes.com All Rights Reserved. | adults try to figure out how to explain the events to the country's children. "It was hard yesterday," said Elizabeth Ramos, choking up. She's taught government and history at Alta Loma High School in Rancho Cucamonga through the Obama and Trump presidencies. Online classes resumed Monday at the Chaffey Joint Union High School District...
Tags: Politics, John Lewis, News, Education, Obama, California, Washington, La, America, Georgia, Sport, Soccer, Chatsworth, Donald Trump, Ducks, Flores
Pandemic-Era Heroes: She shopped until she dropped for people with high-impact needs
Pandemic-Era Heroes Name: Andrea Searle Hometown: Burbank Age: 52 Role: Teacher (and shopper/delivery person) Quote: "There's a spectrum of people. There are the ultrawealthy, there's the well-to-do and there's the struggling. Who's helping the struggling people?" Latest installment in a series of stories about people who have made a big difference in the community during a time framed by the coronavirus pandemic Andrea Seale, a Burbank teacher and resident, knew from day one that hand sa...
Tags: Health, Facebook, Business, News, Education, California, Government, Los Angeles, Sport, Soccer, Ford, Community, Wisconsin, Mccarthy, Palm, Andrea
Pandemic-Era Heroes: Burbank teacher shopped until she dropped for people with high-impact needs
Tags: Health, Facebook, Business, News, Education, California, Government, Los Angeles, Sport, Soccer, Ford, Community, Mccarthy, Palm, Larry King, Southern California
Every 10 minutes someone in LA County dies from the coronavirus. Here are some of their stories.
A landscaper. A hairstylist. A father, a mother. A son, a daughter. A best friend. A nurse. A retired dentist. Every 10 minutes, health officials say, someone in Los Angeles County dies from the coronavirus. The virus's wrath has surged anew in recent weeks, fueled, county officials say, by holiday gatherings, pandemic fatigue and disregard for safety measures. New cases have ballooned. Hospitalizations, which generally lag a couple of weeks behind, have followed. And so has the death toll: LA C...
Tags: Health, Twitter, News, Education, California, Government, Massachusetts, America, Sport, Soccer, Arkansas, Aol, Long Beach, Community, Peru, Bill
Firefighters join latest wave of LA County people getting COVID vaccines
Kevin Grellman, of Pasadena Public Heath Department, gives a Pasadena firefighter the Moderna COVID-19 vaccine at Fire Station 36 in Pasadena on Monday, December 28, 2020. (Photo by Sarah Reingewirtz, Los Angeles Daily News/SCNG) Firefighters around the region got their COVID-19 vaccinations on Monday, Dec. 29, as first responders continued to join the growing number of "essential workers" and high-risk people who are getting inoculated in the ongoing battle against the pandemic. The Modern...
Tags: Health, Business, Texas, News, Education, Government, US, Los Angeles, Sport, Soccer, Community, Pfizer, Pasadena, Eric Garcetti, Southern California, Watts
More Southern California kids are killing themselves during coronavirus pandemic
Melinda Robbins was driving home with her family in late August when she learned a former student had killed himself. "I cried all the way home," the high school language arts teacher said. "His passing broke me." In spring, the boy left her class at Lee Pollard High School in the Corona-Norco Unified School District and shifted to home schooling. "This is not the first student that I've lost in my career, and I hope and pray it will be the last," Robbins said. More Southern California children ...
Tags: Health, Facebook, News, Education, California, Los Angeles, Sport, Public Health, Soccer, Goldfinger, Orange County, Riverside County, Usc, Ucla, Robbins, Southern California
More grim L.A. County numbers arrive as officials race to ship first wave of coronavirus vaccines Sunday
Officials vowed that millions of doses of anti-coronavirus vaccines would start rolling out across the nation on Sunday, Dec. 13, offering an echo of hope as Los Angeles County and state health officials Saturday weathered another swell of chilling pandemic statistics. While falling short of Friday's record-shattering numbers, Los Angeles County officials nonetheless reported 11,476 new COVID-19 cases and 70 deaths, bringing the county's totals to 512,872 and 8,269, respectively. The county's fi...
Tags: Health, News, Education, California, Government, Sport, UPS, Walgreens, Soccer, Community, Fda, Associated Press, Pfizer, Cvs, Southern California, Ventura
Pacoima's Whiteman Airport would stay, but be improved to benefit neighbors, under new effort
A new plan is being drawn for Whiteman Airport, a northeast San Fernando Valley aviation hub in Pacoima, after a fatal plane crash last month in a residential neighborhood prompted calls for its closure by a councilwoman and a community group. The Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors approved a motion Tuesday, Dec. 8, that calls for a "master plan" for the airport that would keep its current use, but also include goals to create local jobs, opportunities for open space and other community ben...
Tags: Health, Business, News, Education, Airports, California, Government, Environment, Sport, Development, Soccer, Community, National Transportation Safety Board, Cessna, San Fernando Valley, Civil Air Patrol
Protesters gather at Garcetti's official residence for 7th day, aiming to block Biden cabinet role
Protesters staged a seventh-consecutive day of demonstrations outside Los Angeles Mayor Eric Garcetti's official residence on Monday, Nov. 30, in an attempt to persuade President-elect Joe Biden not to appoint the city's leader to his cabinet. Black Lives Matter-Los Angeles called Garcetti "the worst mayor in the nation," and criticized him for his handling of the city's homeless crisis, housing and police use of force. "We refuse to be quiet as President-elect Biden considers him for a cabinet ...
Tags: Health, Politics, News, Education, California, La, Government, Senate, Los Angeles, Barack Obama, Sport, Joe Biden, Soccer, Community, Homeless, Republican
Throngs take advantage of San Fernando Valley 'super site' for coronavirus tests
People wait in line at a COVID-19 testing site at San Fernando Recreation Park in San Fernando, Tuesday, November 24, 2020. (Photo by Hans Gutknecht, Los Angeles Daily News/SCNG) People wait in line at a COVID-19 testing site at San Fernando Recreation Park in San Fernando, Tuesday, November 24, 2020. (Photo by Hans Gutknecht, Los Angeles Daily News/SCNG) Sound The gallery will resume in seconds Gabriella Quigley, Sherman Oaks, waits in line at a COVID-19 testing site at San F...
Tags: Health, Business, News, Education, California, Government, Los Angeles, Sport, Soccer, Community, Biden, Local News, Eric Garcetti, Turner, Northridge, Los Angeles County
City Council President Nury Martinez leads team giving away 500 turkeys to LA's needy
Los Angeles City Council President Nury Martinez loads food into a vehicle during a drive through food giveaway. Martinez worked with local providers and partners to pass out as many as 500 Thanksgiving turkeys and two-weeks' worth of groceries in 40 lb. boxes. Recipients were pre-selected low-income families during a drive through Thanksgiving giveaway outside her Sun Valley district office, Monday, November 23, 2020. (Photo by Hans Gutknecht, Los Angeles Daily News/SCNG) Workers load food ...
Tags: Health, News, Thanksgiving, Education, La, Government, Charity, Los Angeles, Sport, Soccer, Community, City Council, Local News, Los Angeles City Council, Southern California, San Pedro
East San Fernando Valley: A 'perfect storm' for alarming coronavirus spread
PACOIMA >> Janet Marinaccio watched as the stream of people wrapped around the block. Alongside, the line of cars stretched for more than 2 miles. Why the clamor? At the end of the lines sat 500 boxes of free food from the nonprofit she leads. Related: Wave of test sites swoop in, responding to deepening San Fernando Valley coronavirus crisis "There's far more people here than I think anybody imagined," said Marinaccio, President and CEO of MEND (Meet Each Need with Dignity), which hosted the dr...
Tags: Health, Business, News, Education, Government, Sport, Tai Chi, Soccer, Healthcare, Community, Eric Garcetti, Ucla, Southern California, Daily News, Los Angeles County, South Bay
Photos: Business curfews kick in, changing coronavirus-framed L.A. County nightscape
As pandemic-powered weeks of isolation drag into months, Southern California's COVID fatigue is oft framed by the recent fall back time changes and early-arriving darkness. Late-night denizens, though, may soon find their nights shortened by new Los Angeles County restrictions. A waiter in protective gear serves patrons at the Ruth Chris steakhouse in Pasadena, CA, Friday, November 13, 2020. To stay open amid COVID-19 restrictions, restaurants in Southern California have moved to outdoor di...
Tags: Health, Business, News, Education, California, Government, US, Sport, Soccer, Gm, Long Beach, Community, Pasadena, Local News, Gavin Newsom, Edward Hopper
Sounds of students ring out at Las Virgenes Unified schools for first time since pandemic kicked in
Elementary schools in the Las Virgenes Unified School District felt a long-coveted slice of normalcy Monday, Nov. 9, as the first groups of students returned to campuses after the district received waivers from the county to reopen schools for kindergarten to 2nd grade students. The cheerful noise of students meeting teachers for the first time in a long time provided the soundtrack of the day, after the children returned to schools at the Calabasas-headquartered district after more than 50 days...
Tags: News, Education, California, Sport, Austin, Soccer, Ford, Community, Lausd, Biden, County, Parker, Los Angeles County, Benjamin, Middle, Garcetti
Should Aliso Canyon gas facility remain open? SoCalGas calls it essential; not all agree
Aliso Canyon gas storage facility in Porter Ranch Tuesday, Jan. 7, 2019. (Photo by David Crane, Los Angeles Daily News/SCNG) Aliso Canyon: Five Years of Tumult Part one: The leak spurred quite literally dozens of lawsuits involving thousands of plaintiffs. Part two: An infographic offers a glimpse of the leak, the effort to stop it and trends in energy consumption in California. Part three: Five years after Aliso Canyon gas leak, public health at the heart of the tug-of-war . Part four: In...
Tags: Health, Business, News, Education, California, Government, Environment, Fresno, Los Angeles, Sport, Soccer, United States, Fukushima, San Antonio Spurs, Lebron James, Jerry Brown
Community meetings in the San Fernando Valley, Oct. 26-Nov. 2
LAUSD facilities worker Adrian Pacheco demonstrates a disinfecting gun which will be used to clean classrooms as LAUSD Superintendent Austin Beutner looks on Friday, August 7, 2020. The disinfectant system will disinfect an entire classroom in about 2 minutes. (Photo by David Crane, Los Angeles Daily News/SCNG) Community meetings bring people together for exchange of ideas and memorable shared experiences plus the potential for positive personal,change and community enrichment. Wings ...
Tags: Cooking, Facebook, Halloween, Books, Gardening, Education, Trees, Charity, Edgar Allan Poe, Los Angeles, Sport, Soccer, Veterans, House, Community, Lausd
Four private schools in L.A. County granted waivers to reopen for TK-2 students
Four private schools in Los Angeles County can start welcoming students in transitional kindergarten through the second grade back to campus. The list, made public on Wednesday, Oct. 21, marks the first time area schools have been given the go-ahead to reopen for its youngest students under a waiver program the county approved late last month. The schools that have been granted the waivers are Holy Angels School in Arcadia, Kadima Day School in West Hills, Los Encinos School in Encino and Rabbi ...
Tags: Health, News, Education, California, Government, Los Angeles, Sport, Soccer, Community, Disneyland, Local News, Arcadia, Centers For Disease Control And Prevention, Los Angeles County, Ferrer, Board of Supervisors
LAUSD offers free flu vaccine at mobile clinics
Los Angeles Unified Superintendent Austin Beutner got his flu shot at a mobile clinic set up at San Fernando Middle School on Friday, Oct. 16, 2020. The district, through a partnership with Health Net, will provide free seasonal flu vaccinations to students, their family members and staff at rotating school sites throughout this month, in addition to the COVID-19 testing that's been taking place for several weeks. LAUSD Superintendent Austin Beutner watches a student get a flu shot during a ...
Tags: Health, Education, Sport, Soccer, Lausd, Chatsworth, Local News, San Fernando, San Fernando Valley, Los Angeles Daily News, Austin Beutner, Theresa Jackson, Top Stories LADN, Hans Gutknecht, Los Angeles Daily News SCNG, Top Stories Breeze
Parents sue LAUSD over distance learning plan
Pastor Cedric Nelms speaks about a lawsuit which was filed against LAUSD on behalf of Black and Latino families over its distance learning plan, which the plaintiffs allege violates students' California constitutional rights to a basic public education on Thursday, September 24, 2020 in Los Angeles. (Photo by Sarah Reingewirtz, Los Angeles Daily News/SCNG) Keshara Shaw, parent of a sixth-grader, joined a lawsuit which was filed against LAUSD on behalf of Black and Latino families over its di...
Tags: Health, News, Education, California, Los Angeles, Sport, Soccer, Hawaii, Lausd, United, Erin, Martinez, Sun Valley, Knott, Los Angeles Unified School District, LA Superior court
2020 elections: Battle continues for LAUSD District 3 board seat
Los Angeles Unified school board District 3 District: Includes West San Fernando Valley and portions of the South Valley through North Hollywood Incumbent: Scott Schmerelson, 69, was elected to the board in 2015 after nearly four decades as an educator. He has been a classroom teacher, counselor and principal and is currently the director of Region 21 of the California School Boards Association. He previously served as president and executive director of Region 16 of the Association of Califo...
Tags: Elections, News, Education, Sport, Soccer, Lausd, Trump, Los Angeles Police Department, Woodland Hills, San Fernando Valley, Palmdale, Los Angeles Daily News, Los Angeles Unified, Scott Schmerelson, Schmerelson, North Hollywood
LAUSD's Beutner, Gonez take coronavirus tests at Pacoima school as district's program rolls out
A coronavirus test is collected from LAUSD Superintendent Austin Beutner at Pacoima Middle School's COVID-19 testing site on Tuesday, September 22, 2020. The district plans to test every student and staff member after schools reopen. (Photo by Sarah Reingewirtz, Los Angeles Daily News/SCNG) LAUSD Superintendent Austin Beutner and school board member Kelly Gonez meet at Pacoima Middle School's COVID-19 testing site on Tuesday, September 22, 2020 for coronavirus testing. The district plans to t | 3,383 |
Piping Installation
Piping Fabrication<|fim_middle|> |
HVAC/R Service & Installation
Plumbing Installation & Service
Home » About » Our History
A Legacy that Continues to Grow
In 1896, George Fennell entered the mechanical contracting business from a small shop in Newport, Kentucky. George H. Fennell & Company grew as the company provided vaious services in the tri-state area, ranging from residential boiler installations to piping installations for major industrial accounts. Since that time, the only thing that has remained constant in the construction industry is change.
Today, PCI Services, continues to grow by providing the quality services which have made our company a leader in its field. Our legacy is over a century old and the philosophy which guides the present organization has the same roots as those of our founder. We believe, just as those who came before us, that our relationship with our customer is the cornerstone of our success.
At PCI Services., our personnel, experience, and tradition all combine to benefit our customers as we look forward to the future with commitment and enthusiasm. We have benefited greatly from our roots, and have grown into one of the largest industrial contractors in the Southwest Ohio, Northern Kentucky area, by establishing consistency of performance and a commitment to excellence.
© 2023 Process Construction
www.processconstruction.com
1421 Queen City Avenue
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A most stylish architect designed and very spacious home with guest wing set in over an acre of mature gardens, edge of a popular village nr Bourg de Visa, Tarn et Garonne. Built in 1982 to a very high standard and with the iconic design features of the period, this impressive home offers excellent centrally heated accommodation, and is within walking distance of shops and restaurant. Entrance hall leading to the superb salon (35m2) with oak floor, arched doorways, patio doors to the garden. Sn<|fim_middle|>18m2) with patio doors to covered balcony overlooking the garden, built-in wardrobes, dressing and en-suite tiled bath/shower room. Three further double bedrooms with oak floors , each with a balcony. Family shower room. The house has an 80m2 sous sol with garage and workshop. Attached to the house and with a separate entrance is a 66m2 self contained guest wing or granny annexe with living room, 1-2 bedrooms and kitchenette. Access to rear garden. Gardens of 5000m2 surround the house and offer much privacy, with many mature trees and shrubs. An excellent quality home. Moissac 20mins. Toulouse airport less than an hour. | ug living room (9m2) with feature stone fireplace. Dining room (15m2) with oak floor and patio door to sunny BBQ terrace overlooking the garden. Very smart and expensively fitted kitchen with black granite tops. Feature conservatory (15m2) overlooking the garden. TV room. Cloakroom. Upstairs to a stunning gallery, with bedrooms off. Bedroom 1 ( | 82 |
synth modular Sound synthesis and sound design Music has brought pleasure and entertainment to mankind throughout the whole of history. Each person is by nature equipped with one of the most elaborate and emotional musical instruments; the human voice. Whenever people feel good music seems to fit the occasion, and it is considered quite natural to hum or sing a song. Musical instruments have brought their own moods to music and at the current moment in human evolution there is an enormous variety of musical instruments available. The twentieth century has seen the development of a range of new and exciting electronic musical instruments. These electronic instruments are very flexible, they can produce a wide range of timbres and can be amplified to whatever loudness level sounds best for the occasion. Most of these electronic instruments are played by a keyboard, but in essence the keyboard can be replaced by any electromechanical device that is able to transform a movement caused by a human interaction into an electrical signal that can drive the sound generating core of the electronic instrument. All sorts of technical and scientific developments have helped to create electronic instruments and the human interface to play them. Still, music is an art and not really a hard science, although music and sound have for a long time been subject to various scientific research. An important realization is that science can not really explain why much music is such a pleasure to listen to and such a joy to make. Which is not a bad thing, as probably no one is waiting for science to take the fun out of music by applying formalized rules and templates on what is also subject to 'feel'. So, although this book covers techniques that lean heavily on scientific research, the application of these techniques will in general be aimed at creating fun. There are a lot of professionals working with sound and even more people that make music for their personal enjoyment. Mastery of sound synthesis is valuable to all of them. Still, it won't be easy to please everyone with one single book, as some people will be more interested in how things work and others might want practical examples that just work. The aim of this book is that it can at least be used as a practical guide in workshops and courses in electronic music, covering some essential basics that are needed to operate the equipment used in sound synthesis in a way that makes some sense. Additionally it can be used to explore techniques to find out how they can help<|fim_middle|> sound pleasing while in use. Which of course has nothing to do at all with music or sound synthesizers. This book puts the emphasis on the various synthesis techniques for musical purposes and how to setup sound synthesizers to create a large range of characteristic musical sounds. The art of musical sound design is left to the artist. | in the development of one's own musical style. Sound synthesis is the art of creating sounds by using suitable electronic means, using either analog or digital electronic devices. Sound design is the art of creating particular sounds using sound synthesis techniques. The definition of sound design as used here might be confusing to some, as the name sound design is also used in the discipline in industrial design that occupies itself with how mass produced objects should sound. Examples are how the sound of cars or ladyshaves are 'designed' to | 102 |
One Eastover Center is a 120,000 square foot Class "A" office building located in the District at Eastover, a 21 acre mixed-use community. The office development will be located on the northern end of the District at Eastover utilizing 2.54 acres along Eastover Drive and the I<|fim_middle|> concrete panels, glass and metal with a lobby consisting of high-end finishes. A fifth floor balcony located on the southeast corner of the building will offer panoramic views of the Jackson skyline. The building is designed with energy efficient systems and environmentally sensitive materials. | -55 Frontage Road with prime interstate visibility. The five-story office building will have an adjacent parking deck and surface lot totaling 400 spaces. The law firm of Baker Donelson is the lead tenant and will occupy the third, fourth and fifth floors of the building. The first and second floors will be available for lease. The building's efficient floor plates, measuring approximately 23,500 square feet, will provide flexibility for multi-tenant or single-tenant users. Each floor will have areas of floor-to-ceiling glass allowing unobstructed views of downtown, residential areas and the District at Eastover. One Eastover Center will be clad in precast | 139 |
Online and offline shopping is merging as more "omnishoppers" appear in the marketplace. These consumers browse online and shop offline, and vice versa.
It's now not enough just to have an online presence, but a catalogue of products<|fim_middle|> to the waterfront in Auckland and you'll find a line-up of restaurants complete with an eager maître d' trying to entice you in.
Less glamorous but equally relevant, if you are looking to tile your bathroom in Wellington, you'll head down to the 'tile mile' at the bottom of Ngaio Gorge where you'll find a whole swag of tiling businesses parked right next to each other. | is also expected so shoppers can browse on their own time.
Storbie is committed to developing the most loved ecommerce platform in the world. Unique to Storbie is the ability to create online marketplaces that connect numerous individual online stores and their products together but still allow shoppers to connect with individual brands and help businesses sell more. In this way, the Storbie online store and marketplace builder doesn't leave retailers standing on their own in the world of ecommerce. Storbie enables businesses to optionally cluster together into marketplaces – under a common cause, category or geographic brand for example – to maximise their discovery, customer loyalty and business growth.
GoRetail is a collaborative programme of strategies to keep the Gore CBD strong and ensure Gore remains a great place to do business.
Retailers whose business and products are more visible online attract more customers into their store. It's not just about online sales.
Consumers want to purchase locally-made goods and support local businesses, and they are doing more and more product research online and on-the-go before stepping in store to purchase. These are two trends that business associations can take advantage of in their marketing, says Sandy Turner, General Manager of the Hamilton Central Business Association (HCBA). Turner says digital channels are a vital way to get these products in front of consumers and influence buyer behaviour. She explains how HCBA's marketing efforts combine digital and traditional methods and why the new Hamilton Central online marketplace website is a key part of the Hamilton digital strategy.
Why do competing businesses the world over cluster together in the same place? Go to New York's Fifth Avenue and you'll find Saks, Abercrombie & Fitch and Gucci all vying for your attention. Head down | 345 |
Program Uses Female Athletes To Inspire Girls To Be More Active
Karina Martinez-Carter
By Karina Martinez-CarterThe Daily Northwestern
Every Thursday afternoon, about a dozen middle school students meet with Zochilt Suarez to talk about teen issues and exercise.
No boys are allowed.
Suarez, 22, runs GoGirlGo! for students who attend<|fim_middle|>Because it's just girls, they get to bond with each other and really connect," Suarez said. "We have girls who were shy in the beginning of the year and are now more active and feel more comfortable participating in activities."
Weinberg freshman Meredith Baskies, a member of NU's fencing team, said the girls were very comfortable when she and a few teammates visited one of the GoGirlGo! sessions to demonstrate fencing basics.
"Some of the girls had never heard of it before and they all really latched onto it," she said. "Being with them reminded me of how excited I was when I first fenced, and it was really fun to trigger that in little girls and see them bring such a new, fun energy to it."
Youth Organizations Umbrella, Inc., which provides a number of after-school and summer programs as well as family services, relies on a grant from GoGirlGo!'s national organization to pay for the program.
The program has applied for another yearlong grant and is still waiting for a response, Suarez said.
So far nationwide, GoGirlGo! has gotten 66,134 girls between the ages 8 and 18 to be active, according to its Web site.
Reach Karina Martinez-Carter at [email protected] | Nichols Middle School, 800 Greenleaf St.
GoGirlGo! was launched nationally in 2004 and began in Evanston last fall for students at both Nichols and Chute Middle School, 1400 Oakton St.
The program, part of former pro tennis star Billie Jean King's Women Sports Foundation, focuses on motivating young girls to be physically active.
The girls either raise their heart rates with exercise or delve into the supplied GoGirlGo! curriculum.
The program also includes an educational component with readings about inspirational female athletes and a scrapbook with questions, such as "What song gets you excited to play sports?"
Kashana Burnett, 12, answered "Rock Dem Hips" in her scrapbook, while having a conversation with a classmate about Venus and Serena Williams.
Unlike most of the girls in the program who have been participating since the second week of school, it was Burnett's first day at the GoGirlGo! program.
Meanwhile, seventh-grade student Cheyenne Reid, 12, has been a part of GoGirlGo! since it began during the second week of the school year.
"It's just girls – no boys," she said. "We can talk about more stuff, like drugs, alcohol and things girls go through. Boys would just think it's fun and games and be annoying and obnoxious."
Suarez, a student at DePaul University, works part-time at the Youth Organizations Umbrella, Inc., which hosts GoGirlGo! on Thursdays.
" | 313 |
Practices are held at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, Massachusetts near the Zesiger Sports and Fitness Center. Please use the link below for a map of the location.
Normal practices will be held on the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's outdoor track directly adjacent to the Z Center. If the weather prevents the club from practicing outdoors, most<|fim_middle|> 6" 185. In that range, we have many series of poles indexed by flex numbers.
We always encourage vaulters to bring their own poles. If that is not possible or the vaulter does not own or cannot borrow poles, he or she is free to use our poles. However, when signing up for membership, each athlete agrees that any pole borrowed and used at the club should be returned in the same condition as it was before the athlete used it besides normal wear. Because of the price of poles, this reponsibility on the club member's part for the poles that they borrow is required.
The club also has bungees, bars, extenders, sliding boxes, and most anything that a vaulter could need for drills, practice, and competition. | practices will still be held on the Massachusetts Institute of Technology indoor track. Due to scheduling conflicts, this location change will not be possible for select practices. Please check the website or contact us if poor weather seems possible.
The Massachusetts Institute of Technology's outdoor track is a 400 [m], 8 lane mondo surface. As of last year, a new UCS #1900 pole vault pit resides in the northwest corner of the track. The pit can be moved to best accomidate the wind. Three long jump pits are available for sand vaulting drills. This track is the main practice location for the club.
The Massachusetts Institute of Technology's indoor track is a 200 [m], 6 lane mondo surface. The vault pit is in the northwest corner of the infield. Two long jump pits are available for sand vaulting drills. This track will be the rain location for the club.
The club has access to over 80 poles listed in the inventory here. The vast majority of these poles are relatively new spirits, pacers, and pacer carbons. We have a wide pole selection starting with an 10' 6" 110 all the way up to a 15' | 251 |
Union Pacific Railroad has named Clark Ponthier senior vice president-supply chain and continuous improvement. He begins his new job May 29.
Ponthier has more than 30 years of experience in broad supply chain, manufacturing and engineering at Fortune 500 companies. Most recently, he served as Ingersoll Rand's VP of operations and integrated supply chain-residential HVAC and supply.
At UP, Ponthier will be responsible for purchasing, strategic sourcing, industrial<|fim_middle|>"Clark brings exceptional supply chain and process improvement leadership experience to this important role at Union Pacific," said UP Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer Lance Fritz in a press release. "We believe his work will strengthen our ability to create value for employees, customers, communities and shareholders."
In addition to Ingersoll Rand, Ponthier served stints at Dell, General Electric and Dow Chemical Co. | engineering activities and continuous improvement.
| 6 |
<|fim_middle|> single remote control or smartphone app. There are so many options to consider! Automation also provides precision monitoring of chemical levels. Reducing waste and chemical costs by monitoring the pool's water and dispersing the right amounts of disinfectants and pH adjusters only when needed.
It is important to note that automation can't replace a skilled pool professional, but it can lead to fewer service calls, and make maintenance easier for both manager and technician. Pool life is easier when it's automated! Let American Pool assess where automation can help your pool today and enjoy a stress-free season! | Pool automation can take much of the hassle out of operating and maintaining your pool. For many in the commercial pool business automation is no longer an upgrade but a standard feature. There are systems for just about every task you can imagine; from pH adjustments, salt generation, heating, and pumps. You can even update service records! In new construction, the centralized wiring schemes of automated systems make construction a much simpler process. Automation can also reduce the time it takes for a pool management company to resolve any issues.
Automated systems allow for a pool's status to be checked remotely, with temperature readings and chemical testing occurring from a technician's computer. If a problem occurs, the latest automated systems incorporate live cameras and uploadable programs, which can assist in electronic repairs. When a call comes in a technician can turn on the cameras and identify the issue. He can then debug the program and see the results on-camera. No more waiting for the pool guy to show up!
Automated systems can mean big savings on water and electricity costs. For instance, by installing a variable speed pump with automation, pool equipment can run only when needed, reducing water waste and lowering energy costs. These automated systems can also provide detailed efficiency readouts, allowing pool managers to develop an ideal energy plan for their pool.
Adjust pool temperature throughout the day, set a cleaning schedule, program lights, jets or other features with a | 279 |
Another extremely useful feature of digital photography is the ease with which different images can be "stitched" together, or merged<|fim_middle|> to compose panoramic images according to their vision, rather than fitting their vision into the fixed size and aspect ratio dictated by the panoramic camera. This advantage is nicely illustrated by this 15-photograph stitched image of Oxbow Bend in Grand Teton National Park. When printed at its native size, this photograph is 2 feet tall and 10 feet wide! | into a single picture using photo editing programs like Adobe Photoshop and Autopano Pro. This process requires the photographs to be captured in a "stitching-friendly" manner by leveling the tripod, overlapping each frame by at least 25%, and using the same focus and exposure settings for each image. Unlike panoramic film formats like the popular 6x17 cm size (seen here), digitally stitched panoramas can be made at virtually any size. This allows photographers the freedom | 96 |
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B.C.'s Scott Mathieson spent 8 years playing pro ball in Japan, hopes to end career at Tokyo Olympics
Scott Mathieson, pro ball, Tokyo Olympics, Yomiuri Giants
Ottawa (Canada) Nov 20: When pitcher Scott Mathieson announced his retirement from professional baseball last month, he was already envisioning a temporary comeback - and a better way to officially end his playing career.
The 35-year-old from Aldergrove, B.C., hung up his cleats after eight seasons with the Yomiuri Giants in October, but he wants to return to Japan next summer to pitch for Canada at the Tokyo Olympics.
"That's one of my main goals, to have the last time I pitch in a competitive game be in Japan while wearing a Canada jersey," Mathieson said in a phone interview with The Canadian Press. "I had the majority of my success in Japan, so to be able to finish it there while representing my own country, that's the dream.
"That's the goal I'm working towards."
He'll need some help getting there.
Mathieson and the Canadian team failed in their first chance to qualify for the 2020 Olympics earlier this month when they finished seventh at Premier 12. Bronze medallist Mexico nabbed one spot as the top finisher from the Americas region, while silver-medallist South Korea also qualified. Gold-medal winning Japan was already assured its Olympic spot as the host nation.
Canada will have two more chances to qualify for the Games - by winning the Americas qualifier in Arizona in March, or by winning a last-ditch qualifier later in the year that will determine the sixth and final spot in the Olympic tournament.
While Canada's pitching staff was stellar at Premier 12, allowing just six runs through three games (one win, two losses), the offence never found its groove. Canada scored just five runs and had a combined batting average of .146, with third baseman Eric Wood's 3-for-9 performance boosting that number considerably.
"Some of those other teams like Korea and Cuba, they play all year round," said outfielder Tristan Pompey, who was 1-for-7 with a double and an RBI. "For us, once the season's over a lot of guys shut it down and they don't swing for a while. Even when you're trying to prepare for a tournament like this, you're not seeing live pitching, so you're already kinda behind in that aspect.
"But we've done it before, we've come off not playing for long stretches and played to our abilities. It just didn't pan out the way we expected this time."
Mathieson was succinct in his assessment of what Canada needs to improve before the next qualifier.
"We definitely need to hit," he said. "We just gotta go out and play and it's going to be tough. ... Hopefully the guys are coming in ready for the season and in a bit better game-ready shape, because we need to put up runs. We need a whole team effort."
'All hands on deck'
The Canadians, No. 10 in the world, will be in tough in the Americas qualifier with the United States (No. 2), Cuba (No. 5) and Venezuela (No. 9) all outranking them. Puerto Rico (No. 11), the Dominican Republic (No. 12), Colombia (No. 14) and Nicaragua (No. 15) are also vying for the lone Olympic berth available at the tournament.
The timing of the March qualifier - in the middle of spring training - may also hurt Canada's ability to field its best roster.
Pompey, a third-round pick of the Marlins in 2018, said he wants to compete but needs Miami's permission. Other players will be in the same boat.
"It's going to be a little more challenging but the mentality has to be all hand's on deck," said Pompey, who spent last season with the Marlins' high-A affiliate. "Whoever is able to come is going to have to really give it their all to get this program to the Olympics. Guys will be trying to earn spots in their organizations at different levels, trying to get to the next level, so it's going to be tough for us.
"But I'm excited to see who comes and excited to see what we can do."
Canada's best showing at an Olympics was fourth place in Athens in 2004, when it lost to Japan in the bronze-medal game. That tournament also gave Pompey one of his earliest baseball memories, watching from his Mississauga, Ont., home as centre-fielder Adam Stern made a remarkable catch at the wall during a round-robin game against Greece.
"That was the one highlight that stood out to me, it was just awesome," said Pompey, who was seven years old at the time.
Next summer's Games will mark baseball's return to the Olympic program for the first time since 2008.
The 2020 version will feature just six teams, down from eight in each of the previous five Olympics from 1992 to 2008.
Mathieson called the truncated tournament a missed opportunity.
"It's very disappointing, especially when it's in Japan, a country that has such a fanatical fan base," he said. "They could have held a much bigger tournament with a lot more games and they'd probably sell out all of them."
Pompey said that qualifying for the Olympics would be an important step for the growth of the Canadian program.
But the success of young Canadians in the major leagues - like Braves right-hander Mike Soroka, who finished second in NL Rookie of the Year voting this season, and promising young Padres slugger Josh Naylor - helps too.
"Going to the Olympics would be massive, 100 per cent," Pompey said. "But if you look at Canadian baseball now, the future's already starting to go off. You've got Soroka, Naylor, all these young guys that I played with on the junior national team are already doing well in the big leagues.
"If that doesn't inspire young kids I don't know what will."
Source: CBC News
NMCG conserves wetlands in Ganga basin
at Jan 19, 2020
Hasina says CAA 'not necessary', but...
Ex-FBI Chief James Comey Probed Over...
China Closely Monitoring US Navy Ship...
US Officials Rout | 1,356 |
Time stands still: Campanile clock takes a break
Anissa Nishioka/File
By Madeleine<|fim_middle|> over 100 years old," Brenneman said. "All the parts were custom made back then. You can't just go to the store and get a new one."
Contact Madeleine Gregory at [email protected] and follow her on Twitter at @mgregory_dc.
Conrad Brenneman, Facilities Services, Karen Lobo, Sahil Chawla, Sather Tower | Gregory | Staff
Lisa Alvarez-Cohen appointed as UC Berkeley's next vice provost for academic planning
Chancellor's Commission on Free Speech publishes final report, recommends changing major events policy
'It's getting unbearable': UC workers protest increasing cost of living, call for rent freeze
Each hour, the Campanile tolls, reminding students to hurry to class, finish up meetings and mark the passage of time. But students glancing up at the clock this week were met with confusion — one of the clocks appeared to be broken.
In this case, it was the north-facing clock that was broken, with the other three clocks still reporting the right time. Karen Lobo, associate director of Facilities Services, said the clock was broken because of a failed motor. Campus Facilities Services had a backup motor, which was installed, and the failed motor was sent out for refurbishment.
On Monday, when campus junior Sahil Chawla got out early from his economics class, he looked up at the face of the Campanile to check the time.
"According to the clock, I got out eight hours early, which didn't make any sense," Chawla said. "I had to double-check, and I realized the clock was off."
The staff at the Campanile was not able to give a definite answer for when the issue first arose, but campus junior Conrad Brenneman, who works at the Campanile, said he noticed that it was broken last Friday. As of Wednesday morning, the clock had been fixed.
Each of the four clocks on the Campanile operates independently, according to Brenneman. There is different machinery in place for each face, and the machinery was all handmade when the tower was built in 1914. That's why the clock faces will sometimes show slightly different times. It also means that when one clock breaks, the other ones keep working — but fixing a broken clock is no easy feat, Brenneman said.
"The tower is | 403 |
\section{Introduction}
Over the past forty years, many popular algorithms have been developed for the multi-target tracking (MTT) problem, e.g., joint probabilistic data association (JPDA) \cite{JPDA,BS-JPDA}, multiple hypothesis tracking (MHT) \cite{Reid,Mallick2013,Forty-MHT}, random finite set (RFS) based methods \cite{PHD,LMB}, where the targets are generally assumed to have independent motion. Recently, the GTT problem has aroused tremendous interest in many applications, e.g., aircraft formations \cite{UAV,poore2}, vehicle convoys \cite{overview1}, and groups of robots \cite{robot1}, etc. In these scenarios, the targets within groups are usually close spaced and have coordinated motion, the groups can split and merge, and there may be large numbers of individual targets within groups. Compare to MTT, tracking groups not only suffers the difficulties such as missed detections, clutters, and measurement origin uncertainty \cite{Mallick2013,zhu,DMHE}, but also encounters the group structure uncertainty caused by group merging or splitting \cite{Graph1}. Due to these limitations, directly using these popular MTT methods to track group targets may suffer severe data association ambiguity, frequent track crossings and high computational load.
Recent works on GTT mainly include \cite{poore2,Graph1,CPHD,Gordon1,Godsill1,Lf,Leadership,Blackman1999,overview1}. Specifically, a multiple frame clustering tracking method within the MHT framework is proposed in \cite{poore2}, which uses clustering methods to partition the targets or measurements into groups and computes the measurement likelihoods by using cluster centroids. In \cite{Graph1}, the authors mainly introduce an evolving graph network to describe the group structure dynamics, and combine the sequential Monte Carlo method to tackle the GTT problem, where the data association is realized by JPDA. Within the RFS framework, a variant of the cardinalized probability hypothesis density filter \cite{CPHD} is proposed to deal with the GTT problem. Furthermore, some works on group state dynamics modeling are developed in \cite{Gordon1,Godsill1,Lf,Leadership}, and some other works on GTT can be seen in \cite{Blackman1999,overview1}. Additionally, there are some other researches that focus on a similar problem to GTT, namely the extended target tracking (ETT) problem \cite{RFS1,GP,RM2}, where the target may occupy multiple sensor resolution cells and thus can generate multiple measurements per time step. The two problems have certain similarities, but are different in some aspects. These studies on ETT primarily focus on estimating the kinematic states and the extent parameters of the targets of interest, while the tracking of the targets within groups is rarely involved.
Lately, a state-of-the-art BP method has drawn a lot of attention in the field of target tracking, which is also known as message passing or the sum-product algorithm \cite{FG-BP}. BP aims to compute the approximations of the marginal posterior probability density functions (pdfs) or probability mass functions (pmfs) for the variables of interest \cite{Max-Sum}. Due to the advantages of BP in estimation accuracy, computational complexity and implementation flexibility, it promotes the development of scalable target tracking algorithms \cite{BP-MTT1,BP-MTT2,BP-SLM,BP-Tuning,BP-MMTT1,BP-MMTT2,BP-Registration,BP-ETT1,BP-ETT2,BP-GTT}. On the whole, most of the studies on BP are developed from different perspectives in the context of MTT, e.g., scalable MTT with unknown number of targets \cite{BP-MTT1,BP-MTT2}, decentralized simultaneous cooperative self-localization and MTT \cite{BP-SLM}, maneuvering MTT \cite{BP-Tuning,BP-MMTT1,BP-MMTT2} and sensor registration \cite{BP-Registration}. Additionally, a scalable ETT algorithm is proposed in \cite{BP-ETT1}, which extends BP for tracking the targets that may generate multiple measurements. Later, a scalable detection and tracking algorithm for geometric ETT is developed in \cite{BP-ETT2}, which is able to jointly infer the geometric shapes of targets. For the GTT problem, a group expectation maximization belief propagation method is proposed to track a single coordinated group with a known number of targets \cite{BP-GTT}. This method is not suitable for tracking an unknown number of group targets, where groups may split and merge.
In this paper, we consider the GTT problem involving group splitting and merging, track initiation, data association and filtering. Our main contributions are summarized as follows:
\begin{itemize}
\item We present a factor graph formulation for the GTT problem, and propose a scalable GTBP method by jointly inferring target existence variables, group structure, data association and target states. The group structure variable enables the description and capture of the group structure changes, e.g., group splitting and merging.
\item The evolution of targets is modeled as the co-action of the group or single-target motions specified by possible group structures and corresponding probabilities. This flexible modeling makes it possible to track multiple group targets and ungrouped targets\footnote{To facilitate the distinction from grouped targets, we refer to multiple targets that have independent motion as ungrouped targets.} seamlessly and simultaneously.
\item GTBP has excellent scalability and low computational complexity that only scales linearly in the number of preserved group partitions, linearly in the number of sensor measurements, and quadratically in the number of targets.
\end{itemize}
Numerical results verify that GTBP not only has excellent scalability but also obtains better tracking performance in GTT. Thus, it is applicable for tracking a large number of group targets.
The rest of this paper is organized as follows. Section 2 briefly reviews the factor graph and BP, and then presents the problem formulation. Section 3 develops the GTBP method. Subsequently, a detailed particle-based implementation of GTBP is presented in Section 4. Numerical experiments and comparison results are given in Section 5. Lastly, we conclude this paper in Section 6.
\textit{Notation:} we use capital calligraphic letters and boldface lower-case characters to denote finite sets (e.g., $\mathcal{V}$) and vectors (e.g., $\mathbf{x}$), respectively. $\mathrm{I}(\cdot)$ denotes the indicator function that $\mathrm{I}(i)=1$ if $i=0$ and otherwise 0. For any set $\mathcal{V}$, $\mathcal{V}\backslash i$ is short for $\{i^{\prime}\in\mathcal{V}| i^{\prime}\neq i\}$, and $|\mathcal{V}|$ denotes the cardinality. Throughout this paper, we use $p(\cdot)$ and $p(\cdot|\cdot)$ as generic symbols for unconditional and conditional pdfs or pmfs or their mixtures. We denote $\int p(\mathbf{x})\mathrm{d}{(\mathbf{x} \backslash \mathbf{x}^{(i)})}$ as the summation or integration over $\mathbf{x}$ except $\mathbf{x}^{(i)}$ (i.e., for discrete or continuous random variables).
\section{Problem Formulation}
In this section, we briefly review factor graphs and the BP framework. Next, some basic assumptions are given and then we state the GTT problem to be solved.
\subsection{Factor Graphs and BP}
The factor graph is a graphical model to describe the factorization of pdfs \cite{FG-BP}. We denote $\mathcal{V}$ and $\mathcal{F}$ as the sets of the variable node $i$ and the factor node $\phi$ in a factor graph with respect to the random variable $\mathbf{x}^{(i)}$ and the factor $p_{\phi}$, respectively. In a factor graph, the variable node $i$ and the factor node $\phi$ are connected by an edge if and only if $\mathbf{x}^{(i)}$ is an argument of $p_{\phi}(\cdot)$. Let $\mathcal{F}_{i}$ and $\mathcal{V}_{\phi}$ denote the sets of the factor nodes connected with the variable node $i$ and the variable nodes connected with the factor node $\phi$, respectively. Consider that a posterior pdf $p(\mathbf{x}|\mathbf{z})$ can be factorized as \cite{FG-BP}
\begin{align*}
p(\mathbf{x}|\mathbf{z})\propto\prod_{\phi \in \mathcal{F}} p_{\phi}\left(\mathbf{x}_{\phi}\right),
\end{align*}
where $\mathbf{x}$ and $\mathbf{x}_{\phi}$ are the stacked vectors of $\mathbf{x}^{(i)}$ for $i\in\mathcal{V}$ and $i\in\mathcal{V}_{\phi}$, respectively. According to the factorization, BP provides an efficient way of approximating the marginal distributions, which computes the message of each node in the factor graph and passes the node's message to the connected nodes \cite{FG-BP}. Specifically, if the variable node $i$ is connected with the factor node $\phi$, we denote $\varphi_{\phi \rightarrow i}(\mathbf{x}^{(i)})$ and $\upsilon_{i \rightarrow \phi}(\mathbf{x}^{(i)})$ as the message passed from the variable node $i$ to the factor node $\phi$ and the message passed from the factor node $\phi$ to the variable node $i$, respectively, which are given by
\begin{align}
\label{ftv}
\begin{split}
\varphi_{\phi \rightarrow i}(\mathbf{x}^{(i)})=& \int p_{\phi}(\mathbf{x}_{\phi}) \prod_{i^{\prime} \in \mathcal{V}(\phi) \backslash i} \upsilon_{i^{\prime} \rightarrow \phi}(\mathbf{x}^{(i^{\prime})})\mathrm{d}{(\mathbf{x}_{\phi} \backslash \mathbf{x}^{(i)})},
\\
\upsilon_{i \rightarrow \phi}(\mathbf{x}^{(i)})=&\prod_{\phi^{\prime} \in \mathcal{F}(i) \backslash \phi} \varphi_{\phi^{\prime} \rightarrow i}(\mathbf{x}^{(i)}),
\end{split}
\end{align}
where the symbol "$\rightarrow$" indicates the flow of the message. Eventually, for each variable node $i$, a belief $\widetilde{p}(\mathbf{x}^{(i)})$ is obtained by the product of all the incoming messages with the normalizing constraint such that $\int\widetilde{p}(\mathbf{x}^{(i)})\mathrm{d}{\mathbf{x}^{(i)}}=1$, which provides an approximation of the marginal posterior pdf $p(\mathbf{x}^{(i)}|\mathbf{z})$.
\subsection{System Model and Joint Posterior pdf}
\subsubsection{System Model}
At any time $k$, each potential target (PT) is either a legacy PT (i.e., a PT survived from time $k-1$ to time $k$) or a new PT (i.e., a newly detected target at time $k$). That is, the PTs can be divided into two categories at each time instance, namely the legacy PTs and the new PTs. Let $\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(i)}$ be the state vector of the legacy PT $i$ at time $k$, consisting of the target position and possibly further parameters (e.g., velocity and acceleration), where $i\in\{1,\ldots,n_{k}\}$ and $n_{k}$ is the number of the legacy PTs at time $k$. The detection of the legacy PTs are modeled by the binary existence variables $\underline{r}_{k}^{(i)}\in\{0,1\}$, i.e., legacy PT $i$ exists at time $k$ if and only if $\underline{r}_{k}^{(i)}=1$. We denote $\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}$ and $\underline{\mathbf{r}}_{k}$ as the joint state vector and existence vector of the legacy PTs at time $k$, respectively,
\begin{align*}
\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}&:=\left[\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(1)\mathrm{T}},\ldots,\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(n_{k})\mathrm{T}}\right]^{\mathrm{T}},
\\
\underline{\mathbf{r}}_{k}&:=\left[\underline{r}_{k}^{(1)},\ldots,\underline{r}_{k}^{(n_{k})}\right]^{\mathrm{T}}.
\end{align*}
Assume that at time $k$, the sensor generates $m_{k}$ measurements and the joint measurement vector is
\begin{align*}
\mathbf{z}_{k}&:=\left[\mathbf{z}_{k}^{(1)\mathrm{T}},\ldots,\mathbf{z}_{k}^{(m_{k})\mathrm{T}}\right]^{\mathrm{T}},
\end{align*}
where each measurement $\mathbf{z}_k^{(m)}$ either originates from a PT or random clutter. Basically, it is assumed that at any time $k$, a target can generate at most one measurement, and a measurement originates from at most one target. To incorporate the newly detected targets at time $k$, $m_{k}$ new PT states $\overline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(m)}$, $m=1,\ldots,m_{k}$ are introduced, where each $\overline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(m)}$ corresponds to the measurement $\mathbf{z}_{k}^{(m)}$. The detection of the new PTs are also modeled by the binary existence variables $\overline{r}_{k}^{(m)}\in\{0,1\}$, i.e., a measurement $\mathbf{z}_{k}^{(m)}$ is generated by a new PT $\overline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(m)}$ if and only if $\overline{r}_{k}^{(m)}=1$. We denote $\overline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}$ and $\overline{\mathbf{r}}_{k}$ as the joint state vector and existence vector of the new PTs, respectively,
\begin{align*}
\overline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}&:=\left[\overline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(1)\mathrm{T}},\ldots,\overline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(m_{k})\mathrm{T}}\right]^{\mathrm{T}},
\\
\overline{\mathbf{r}}_{k}&:=\left[\overline{r}_{k}^{(1)},\ldots,\overline{r}_{k}^{(m_{k})}\right]^{\mathrm{T}}.
\end{align*}
Notably, the new PTs at time $k$ become the legacy PTs at time $k+1$ when receiving new measurements, which means that the number of the legacy PTs at time $k+1$ is updated by $n_{k+1}=n_{k}+m_{k}.$ Since the number of PTs would increase with the accumulation of sensor measurements, we consider at most $N_{\text{max}}$ PTs at any time and perform a pruning step at each time step to remove unlikely PTs. That is, $N_{\text{max}}$ is the maximum possible number of PTs and the number of actual targets is not larger than $N_{\text{max}}$.
In GTT, the group structure describes the connection between targets, which is a premise of the modeling of the evolution of targets. In this paper, we make the convention that at any time $k$, only the group structure of the confirmed legacy PTs (that have been declared to exist at the current time) is considered, and each confirmed legacy PT can be partitioned to only one group in a possible group structure. Concretely, we use a group partition vector $\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}:=\left[\underline{g}_{k}^{(1)},\ldots,\underline{g}_{k}^{(n_{k})}\right]^{\mathrm{T}}$ to represent the group structure of all legacy PTs at time $k$, and let $N(\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}):=\max(\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k})$ denote the number of groups partitioned by $\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}$. For instance, $\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}:=\left[1\ 1\ 2\ 3\ 3\ 0\right]^{\mathrm{T}}$ (see Fig. \ref{figure1}) represents that the confirmed legacy PTs $\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(1)}$ and $\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(2)}$ are partitioned into group 1, $\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(3)}$ is an ungrouped target (i.e., a single target), $\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(4)}$ and $\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(5)}$ are partitioned into group 3, and $\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(6)}$ is an unconfirmed legacy PT. Furthermore, the group structure of the new PTs at time $k$ is represented by a variable $\overline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}$ with zero entries.
\begin{figure}[hbtp]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.6\linewidth]{fig1.eps}
\caption{An example of $\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}$ for 5 confirmed legacy PTs (partitioned into two groups and an ungrouped target) and 1 unconfirmed legacy PT.}
\label{figure1}
\end{figure}
The unknown association between legacy PTs and measurements at time $k$ can be described by a target-oriented association vector $\mathbf{a}_{k}:=\left[a_{k}^{(1)},\ldots,a_{k}^{(n_{k})}\right]^{\mathrm{T}}$ with
\begin{align*}
a_{k}^{(i)}:=
\begin{cases}
m \in\left\{1, \ldots, m_{k}\right\}, &\begin{array}{l}\text { if at time } k, \text { the PT } \underline{\mathbf{x}}_k^{(i)} \text { generates the measurement } \mathbf{z}_k^{(m)}
\end{array} \\
0, &\begin{array}{l}\text { if at time } k, \text { the PT } \underline{\mathbf{x}}_k^{(i)}
\text { does not }
\text{ generate a }
\text{ measurement. }\end{array}
\end{cases}
\end{align*}
\subsubsection{Joint Posterior pdf}
We denote the joint vectors of all the PT state, the existence variable and the group partition at time $k$ as $\mathbf{x}_k:=\left[\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{\mathrm{T}}, \overline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{\mathrm{T}}\right]^{\mathrm{T}}$, $\mathbf{r}_k:=\left[\underline{\mathbf{r}}_{k}^{\mathrm{T}}, \overline{\mathbf{r}}_{k}^{\mathrm{T}}\right]^{\mathrm{T}}$ and $\mathbf{g}_k:=\left[\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}^{\mathrm{T}}, \overline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}^{\mathrm{T}}\right]^{\mathrm{T}}$, respectively. Let $\mathcal{R}_{k}$, $\underline{\mathcal{R}}_{k}$ and $\underline{\mathcal{G}}_{k}$ be the sets of all possible $\mathbf{r}_{k}$, $\underline{\mathbf{r}}_{k}$ and $\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}$, respectively. For notational convenience, we define the augmented state vectors for the legacy PTs and the new PTs as
\begin{align*}
\underline{\mathbf{y}}_{k}^{(i)}&:=\left[\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(i)\mathrm{T}},\underline{r}_{k}^{(i)}\right]^{\mathrm{T}},
\\
\overline{\mathbf{y}}_{k}^{(m)}&:=\left[\overline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(m)\mathrm{T}},\overline{r}_{k}^{(m)}\right]^{\mathrm{T}},
\end{align*}
and the joint augmented state vector at time $k$ is given by $\mathbf{y}_{k}:=\left[\underline{\mathbf{y}}_{k}^{\mathrm{T}}, \overline{\mathbf{y}}_{k}^{\mathrm{T}}\right]^{\mathrm{T}}$.
Let $\mathbf{y}_{1:k}$, $\mathbf{g}_{1:k}$, $\mathbf{a}_{1:k}$, $\mathbf{z}_{1:k}$ and $\mathbf{m}_{1:k}$ denote the stacked vectors of joint augmented states, group partition vectors, target-oriented association vectors, measurements and numbers of measurements up to time $k$, respectively. Assume that given all the PT states $\mathbf{x}_{k}$, the measurements $\mathbf{z}_{k}$
are conditionally independent of all
the past and future measurements $\mathbf{z}_{k^{\prime}}$ and PT states $\mathbf{x}_{k^{\prime}}$, $k^{\prime}\neq k$. By the chain rule and the conditional independence assumption, the posterior pdf $p(\mathbf{y}_{1:k}, \mathbf{g}_{1:k}, \mathbf{a}_{1:k}|\mathbf{z}_{1:k})$ can be obtained by
\begin{align}\label{pdf}
\begin{split}
p(\mathbf{y}_{1:k}, \mathbf{g}_{1:k}, \mathbf{a}_{1:k}|\mathbf{z}_{1:k})
&=p(\mathbf{y}_{1:k}, \mathbf{g}_{1:k}, \mathbf{a}_{1:k}|\mathbf{z}_{1:k},\mathbf{m}_{1:k})
\\
&\propto p(\mathbf{z}_{1:k}, \mathbf{a}_{1:k},\mathbf{m}_{1:k}, \mathbf{y}_{1:k}, \mathbf{g}_{1:k})
\\
&=\prod_{k^{\prime}=1}^{k}p(\mathbf{z}_{k^{\prime}}, \mathbf{a}_{k^{\prime}},m_{k^{\prime}}, \mathbf{y}_{k^{\prime}}, \mathbf{g}_{k^{\prime}}|\mathbf{y}_{k^{\prime}-1}, \mathbf{g}_{k^{\prime}-1}),
\end{split}
\end{align}
where
\begin{align}\label{condition-pdf}
\begin{split}
p(\mathbf{z}_{k}, \mathbf{a}_{k},m_{k}, \mathbf{y}_{k},\mathbf{g}_{k}|\mathbf{y}_{k-1},\mathbf{g}_{k-1})=p(\mathbf{z}_{k}, \mathbf{a}_{k},m_{k}, \overline{\mathbf{y}}_{k},\overline{\mathbf{g}}_{k} |\underline{\mathbf{y}}_{k},\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}) p( \underline{\mathbf{y}}_{k},\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}|\mathbf{y}_{k-1},\mathbf{g}_{k-1}).
\end{split}
\end{align}
Subsequently, we derive this joint posterior pdf under some regular assumptions.
\subsection{Augmented State and Group Structure Transition pdf}
The augmented state and group structure transition pdf $p( \underline{\mathbf{y}}_{k},\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}|\mathbf{y}_{k-1},\mathbf{g}_{k-1})$ in (\ref{condition-pdf}) can be written as
\begin{align}\label{ps}
\begin{split}
p( \underline{\mathbf{y}}_{k},\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}|\mathbf{y}_{k-1},\mathbf{g}_{k-1})=p( \underline{\mathbf{y}}_{k}|\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}, \mathbf{y}_{k-1},\mathbf{g}_{k-1})p(\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}|\mathbf{y}_{k-1},\mathbf{g}_{k-1}).
\end{split}
\end{align}
We assume that there is no PT at time $k=0$, i.e., $\mathbf{y}_{0}$, $\underline{\mathbf{y}}_{1}$ and $\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{1}$ are empty. For future use, we make convention that $p( \underline{\mathbf{y}}_{1}|\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{1}, \mathbf{y}_{0}):=1$ and $p(\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{1}|\mathbf{y}_{0}):=1$. Let $\Lambda_{\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}}(j)$ denote the index set of the PTs belonging to the group $j$ in the group partition $\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}$, i.e.,
\begin{align*}
\Lambda_{\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}}(j):=\{i: \underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}^{(i)}=j, i=1,\ldots,n_{k}\}.
\end{align*}
Note that $\Lambda_{\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}}(0)$ denotes the index set of the unconfirmed legacy PTs at time $k$. We use $\underline{\mathbf{y}}_{k,\Lambda_{\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}}(j)}$ to represent the joint augmented state of the PTs $i\in\Lambda_{\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}}(j)$. Assume that each group or unconfirmed legacy PT evolves independently of the other groups and unconfirmed legacy PTs, we have
\begin{align}\label{evolve}
\begin{split}
p(\underline{\mathbf{y}}_{k}|\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}, \mathbf{y}_{k-1},\mathbf{g}_{k-1})=
\prod_{j=0}^{N(\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k})}p(\underline{\mathbf{y}}_{k,\Lambda_{\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}}(j)}|\mathbf{y}_{k-1,\Lambda_{\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}}(j)}),
\end{split}
\end{align}
where the augmented state transition density of the unconfirmed legacy PTs $p(\underline{\mathbf{y}}_{k,\Lambda_{\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}}(0)}|\mathbf{y}_{k-1,\Lambda_{\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}}(0)})$ is given by
\begin{align*}
p(\underline{\mathbf{y}}_{k,\Lambda_{\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}}(0)}|\mathbf{y}_{k-1,\Lambda_{\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}}(0)})=\prod_{i\in\Lambda_{\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}}(0)}p(\underline{\mathbf{y}}_{k}^{(i)}|\mathbf{y}_{k-1}^{(i)}),
\end{align*}
with $p(\underline{\mathbf{y}}_{k}^{(i)}|\mathbf{y}_{k-1}^{(i)})=p(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(i)},\underline{r}_{k}^{(i)}|\mathbf{x}_{k-1}^{(i)}, r_{k-1}^{(i)})$ and
\begin{align}\label{sg}
\begin{split}
p(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(i)},\underline{r}_{k}^{(i)}|\mathbf{x}_{k-1}^{(i)}, r_{k-1}^{(i)}):=
\begin{cases}
f_{\mathrm{d}}(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(i)}), &\begin{array}{l} r_{k-1}^{(i)}=0,\ \underline{r}_{k}^{(i)}=0
\end{array}
\\
0, &\begin{array}{l}r_{k-1}^{(i)}=0,\ \underline{r}_{k}^{(i)}=1\end{array}
\\
(1-p_{\mathrm{s}}(\mathbf{x}_{k-1}^{(i)}))f_{\mathrm{d}}(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(i)}), &\begin{array}{l}r_{k-1}^{(i)}=1,\ \underline{r}_{k}^{(i)}=0\end{array}
\\
p_{\mathrm{s}}(\mathbf{x}_{k-1}^{(i)})p(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(i)}|\mathbf{x}_{k-1}^{(i)}), &\begin{array}{l}r_{k-1}^{(i)}=1,\ \underline{r}_{k}^{(i)}=1,\end{array}
\end{cases}
\end{split}
\end{align}
where $f_{\mathrm{d}}(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(i)})$ denotes a dummy pdf, $p(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(i)}|\mathbf{x}_{k-1}^{(i)})$ is the single-target state transition density, and $p_{\mathrm{s}}(\mathbf{x}_{k-1}^{(i)})$ is the survival probability of the PT $\mathbf{x}_{k-1}^{(i)}$ with $r_{k-1}^{(i)}=1$ and $\underline{r}_{k}^{(i)}=1$. Note that if there is a PT $\mathbf{x}_{k-1}^{(i)}, i\in\Lambda_{\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}}(j)$ with $r_{k-1}^{(i)}=0$, then it cannot exist at time $k$, i.e., $\underline{r}_{k}^{(i)}=0$.
Furthermore, the pdf $p(\underline{\mathbf{y}}_{k,\Lambda_{\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}}(j)}|\mathbf{y}_{k-1,\Lambda_{\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}}(j)})$, $j\neq0$ describing the augmented state transition density of the group $j$ in the group partition $\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}$ can be factorized as
\begin{align}\label{GT-pdf2}
\begin{split}
p(\underline{\mathbf{y}}_{k,\Lambda_{\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}}(j)}|\mathbf{y}_{k-1,\Lambda_{\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}}(j)})=\big(\prod_{i\in\Lambda_{\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}}(j)\backslash \tilde{\Lambda}_{\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}}(j)}p(\underline{\mathbf{y}}_{k}^{(i)}|\mathbf{y}_{k-1}^{(i)})\big)\big(\prod_{i\in \tilde{\Lambda}_{\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}}(j)}p_{\mathrm{s}}(\mathbf{x}_{k-1}^{(i)})\big)p(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k,\tilde{\Lambda}_{\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}}(j)}|\mathbf{x}_{k-1,\tilde{\Lambda}_{\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}}(j)}),
\end{split}
\end{align}
where $\tilde{\Lambda}_{\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}}(j):=\{i: r_{k-1}^{(i)}=\underline{r}_k^{(i)}=1, i\in\Lambda_{\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}}(j)\}$ is the index set of survival PTs in the group $j$, and $\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k,\Lambda_{\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}}(j)}$ denotes the joint state of the group $j$. The group transition density $p(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k,\tilde{\Lambda}_{\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}}(j)}|\mathbf{x}_{k-1,\tilde{\Lambda}_{\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}}(j)})$ describes the evolution of the group $j$, which degrades to the single-target state transition density if there is only one PT in the group.
\begin{remark}
The group structure can be viewed as an attribute implicit of the targets in GTT, which determines the partition of targets into group targets and ungrouped targets. In this paper, we model the state transition by using group or single-target motion models according to the given group structure (\ref{evolve})-(\ref{GT-pdf2}), which enables seamlessly and simultaneously tracking of multiple group targets and ungrouped targets.
\end{remark}
Since the modeling of group dynamics is not the focus of this paper, here we apply the virtual leader-follower model \cite{Gordon1,RFS1} to describe the evolution of group targets, and some other models can refer to \cite{Godsill1,Lf,Leadership}. The model \cite{Gordon1,RFS1} assumes that the deterministic state of any target is a translational offset of the average state (i.e., the virtual leader) of the group. More specifically, let $\triangle\mathbf{x}_{k-1}^{(i)}$ denote the offset from the PT $\mathbf{x}_{k-1}^{(i)}\in\mathbf{x}_{k-1,\tilde{\Lambda}_{\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}}(j)}$ to the
virtual leader of the group $j$, i.e.,
\begin{align}\label{offset}
\triangle\mathbf{x}_{k-1}^{(i)}:=\mathbf{x}_{k-1}^{(i)}-\breve{\mathbf{x}}_{k-1,\tilde{\Lambda}_{\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}}(j)},
\end{align}
where $\breve{\mathbf{x}}_{k-1,\tilde{\Lambda}_{\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}}(j)}$ is the virtual leader of the group $j$, i.e.,
\begin{align}\label{vl}
\breve{\mathbf{x}}_{k-1,\tilde{\Lambda}_{\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}}(j)}&:=\frac{1}{|\tilde{\Lambda}_{\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}}(j)|}\sum_{i\in\tilde{\Lambda}_{\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}}(j)}\mathbf{x}_{k-1}^{(i)},
\end{align}
then the state transition model for the PT $i$ is
\begin{align}\label{model}
\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(i)}=f_{\mathrm{t}}(\breve{\mathbf{x}}_{k-1,\tilde{\Lambda}_{\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}}(j)})+\triangle\mathbf{x}_{k-1}^{(i)}+\mathbf{v}_{k}^{(i)},
\end{align}
where $f_{\mathrm{t}}(\cdot)$ is the state transition function of the virtual leader, and $\mathbf{v}_{k}^{(i)}$ are independent and identically distributed random variables with known pdf. Thus, the group transition density in (\ref{GT-pdf2}) can be written as
\begin{align}\label{pdf-model}
\begin{split}
p(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k,\tilde{\Lambda}_{\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}}(j)}|\mathbf{x}_{k-1,\tilde{\Lambda}_{\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}}(j)})=\prod_{i\in\tilde{\Lambda}_{\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}}(j)}p(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(i)}|\breve{\mathbf{x}}_{k-1,\tilde{\Lambda}_{\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}}(j)},\triangle\mathbf{x}_{k-1}^{(i)}),
\end{split}
\end{align}
where $p(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(i)}|\breve{\mathbf{x}}_{k-1,\tilde{\Lambda}_{\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}}(j)},\triangle\mathbf{x}_{k-1}^{(i)})$ is described by the system model (\ref{model}).
The group structure transition pmf $p(\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}|\mathbf{y}_{k-1},\mathbf{g}_{k-1})$ in (\ref{ps}) determines how the information from $\mathbf{y}_{k-1}$ and $\mathbf{g}_{k-1}$ at time $k-1$ are used to guide the group structure changes. In this paper, we adopt a state-dependent model $p(\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}|\mathbf{y}_{k-1},\mathbf{g}_{k-1}):=p(\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}|\mathbf{x}_{k-1},\mathbf{r}_{k-1})$ for the group structure, i.e., $\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}$ is independent of $\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k-1}$ given $\mathbf{y}_{k-1}$. Some similar models can refer to \cite{Godsill1,Graph1}. Usually, the actual PT states are unknown, and all we can obtain are the estimated PT states and corresponding covariance information. As one of the most commonly used distance metrics, Mahalanobis distance provides an efficient way to incorporate the confidence about the PT state estimate, which is given by
\begin{align*}
d_{k}^{i,i^{\prime}}:=(\mathbf{x}_{k}^{(i)}-\mathbf{x}_{k}^{(i^{\prime})})^{\mathrm{T}}(\mathbf{P}_{k}^{(i)}+\mathbf{P}_{k}^{(i^{\prime})})^{-1}(\mathbf{x}_{k}^{(i)}-\mathbf{x}_{k}^{(i^{\prime})}),
\end{align*}
where $\mathbf{P}_{k}^{(i)}$ is the covariance of $\mathbf{x}_{k}^{(i)}$. Let
\begin{align*}
\breve{\mathbf{P}}_{k-1,\tilde{\Lambda}_{\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}}(j)}&:=\frac{1}{|\tilde{\Lambda}_{\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}}(j)|}\sum_{i\in\tilde{\Lambda}_{\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}}(j)}\mathbf{P}_{k-1}^{(i)},
\end{align*}
denote the average covariance of these survival PTs in group $j$. Then, we use the Mahalanobis distance between a PT state $\mathbf{x}_{k}^{(i)}$ and the virtual leader $\breve{\mathbf{x}}_{k-1,\tilde{\Lambda}_{\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}}(j)}$ to define a quantity $P_{i,j}\in\left[0,1\right]$ as follows:
\begin{align}\label{Pij}
P_{i,j}:=
\begin{cases}
P_{0}, &\begin{array}{l}\text{if}\ r_{k-1}^{(i)}=0
\end{array} \\
\exp(-\frac{d_{k-1}^{i,j}}{2}), &\begin{array}{l}\text{otherwise},
\end{array}
\end{cases}
\end{align}
where $P_{0}\in\left[0, 1\right]$ is a small number meaning that dividing nonexistent PTs into a group has a small probability. We define a scoring function for evaluating the group partition $\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}$ with given $\mathbf{x}_{k-1}$ and $\mathbf{r}_{k-1}$ as
\begin{align*}
\begin{split}
s(\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}|\mathbf{x}_{k-1},\mathbf{r}_{k-1}):=\prod_{i\in\Lambda_{\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}}}P_{i,\underline{g}_{k}^{(i)}}\prod_{j\in \{1,\ldots,N(\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k})\}\backslash\underline{g}_{k}^{(i)}}(1-P_{i,j}),
\end{split}
\end{align*}
where $\Lambda_{\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}}:=\{1,\ldots,n_k\}\backslash\Lambda_{\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}}(0)$ is the index set of all confirmed legacy PTs at time $k$. Thus, we can define a pseudo group structure transition pmf as
\begin{align}\label{GS-pdf}
p(\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}|\mathbf{x}_{k-1},\mathbf{r}_{k-1}):= \frac{s(\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}|\mathbf{x}_{k-1},\mathbf{r}_{k-1})}{\sum_{\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}^{\prime}\in\underline{\mathcal{G}}_k}s(\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}^{\prime}|\mathbf{x}_{k-1},\mathbf{r}_{k-1})}.
\end{align}
\subsection{Conditional pdf $p(\mathbf{z}_{k}, \mathbf{a}_{k},m_{k}, \overline{\mathbf{y}}_{k},\overline{\mathbf{g}}_{k} |\underline{\mathbf{y}}_{k},\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k})$}
Next, we introduce the calculation of the conditional pdf $p(\mathbf{z}_{k}, \mathbf{a}_{k},m_{k}, \overline{\mathbf{y}}_{k},\overline{\mathbf{g}}_{k} |\underline{\mathbf{y}}_{k},\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k})$ in (\ref{condition-pdf}). It is commonly assumed that given $\mathbf{y}_k$ and $\mathbf{a}_k$, the measurement vector $\mathbf{z}_{k}$ is independent of $\mathbf{g}_k$. According to the definition of $\overline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}$, it is a deterministic zero vector to represent the group structure of the new PTs. We assume that given $\underline{\mathbf{y}}_k$, the association vector $\mathbf{a}_{k}$ and the augmented new PT states $\overline{\mathbf{y}}_{k}$ are independent of $\mathbf{g}_k$. By the chain rule and the conditional independence assumption, we have
\begin{align}\label{p24}
\begin{split}
p(\mathbf{z}_{k}, \mathbf{a}_{k},m_{k}, \overline{\mathbf{y}}_{k},\overline{\mathbf{g}}_{k} |\underline{\mathbf{y}}_{k},\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k})&=p(\mathbf{z}_{k}, \mathbf{a}_{k},m_{k}, \overline{\mathbf{x}}_{k},\overline{\mathbf{r}}_{k},\overline{\mathbf{g}}_{k} |\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k},\underline{\mathbf{r}}_{k},\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k})
\\
&=p(\mathbf{z}_{k}| \mathbf{a}_{k},m_{k}, \overline{\mathbf{x}}_{k},\overline{\mathbf{r}}_{k},\overline{\mathbf{g}}_{k},\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k},\underline{\mathbf{r}}_{k},\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k})p( \mathbf{a}_{k},m_{k}, \overline{\mathbf{x}}_{k},\overline{\mathbf{r}}_{k},\overline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}|\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k},\underline{\mathbf{r}}_{k},\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k})
\\
&=p(\mathbf{z}_{k}| \mathbf{a}_{k},m_{k}, \overline{\mathbf{x}}_{k},\overline{\mathbf{r}}_{k},\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k},\underline{\mathbf{r}}_{k})p( \mathbf{a}_{k},m_{k}, \overline{\mathbf{x}}_{k},\overline{\mathbf{r}}_{k}|\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k},\underline{\mathbf{r}}_{k}).
\end{split}
\end{align}
Let $f(\mathbf{z}_{k}^{(m)}|\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(i)})$ denote the pdf of the measurement $\mathbf{z}_{k}^{(m)}$ conditioned on the legacy PT state $\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(i)}$. The target-originated measurements are assumed conditionally independent of each other and also conditionally independent of all clutters. Moreover, the number of clutters is assumed Poisson distributed with a mean $\mu_{\mathrm{c}}$, and the clutters are assumed independent and identically distributed with pdf $f_{\mathrm{c}}(\mathbf{z}_{k}^{(m)})$ \cite{BP-MTT1,BP-MTT2}. Then, the pdf $p(\mathbf{z}_{k}| \mathbf{a}_{k},m_{k}, \overline{\mathbf{x}}_{k},\overline{\mathbf{r}}_{k},\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k},\underline{\mathbf{r}}_{k})$ is given by
\begin{align}\label{pz0}
\begin{split}
p(\mathbf{z}_{k}| \mathbf{a}_{k},m_{k}, \overline{\mathbf{x}}_{k},\overline{\mathbf{r}}_{k},\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k},\underline{\mathbf{r}}_{k})=\big(\prod_{m=1}^{m_{k}} f_{\mathrm{c}}(\mathbf{z}_{k}^{(m)})\big)\big(\prod_{i \in \mathcal{D}_{\mathbf{a}_{k}}}\frac{f(\mathbf{z}_{k}^{(a_{k}^{(i)})} | \underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(i)})}{f_{\mathrm{c}}(\mathbf{z}_{k}^{(a_{k}^{(i)})})}\big)\big(\prod_{m^{\prime} \in \mathcal{I}_{\overline{\mathbf{r}}_{k}}}\frac{f(\mathbf{z}_{k}^{(m^{\prime})} | \overline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(m^{\prime})})}{f_{\mathrm{c}}(\mathbf{z}_{k}^{(m^{\prime})})}\big),
\end{split}
\end{align}
where $\mathcal{D}_{\mathbf{a}_{k}}$ and $\mathcal{I}_{\overline{\mathbf{r}}_{k}}$ are the index sets of detected legacy PTs and new PTs at time $k$, respectively,
\begin{align*}
&\mathcal{D}_{\mathbf{a}_{k}}:=\{i\in \{1,\ldots,n_{k}\}: \underline{r}_k^{(i)}=1, a_{k}^{(i)}\neq 0\},
\\
&\mathcal{I}_{\overline{\mathbf{r}}_{k}}:=\{m\in \{1,\ldots,m_{k}\}: \overline{r}_k^{(m)}=1\}.
\end{align*}
Since the new PTs and the legacy PTs at time $k$ are grouped at the next time instance, we assume that the new PTs are independent of the legacy PTs at time $k$. Then, the pdf $p( \mathbf{a}_{k},m_{k}, \overline{\mathbf{x}}_{k},\overline{\mathbf{r}}_{k}|\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k},\underline{\mathbf{r}}_{k})$ is obtained as
\begin{align}\label{pz1}
\begin{split}
p( \mathbf{a}_{k},m_{k}, \overline{\mathbf{x}}_{k},\overline{\mathbf{r}}_{k}|\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k},\underline{\mathbf{r}}_{k})&=p(\overline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}|\mathbf{a}_{k},\overline{\mathbf{r}}_{k},m_{k},\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k},\underline{\mathbf{r}}_{k})p( \mathbf{a}_{k},\overline{\mathbf{r}}_{k},m_{k}|\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k},\underline{\mathbf{r}}_{k})
\\
&=p(\overline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}|\overline{\mathbf{r}}_{k},m_{k})p( \mathbf{a}_{k},\overline{\mathbf{r}}_{k},m_{k}|\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k},\underline{\mathbf{r}}_{k}),
\end{split}
\end{align}
with
\begin{align*}
p(\overline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}|\overline{\mathbf{r}}_{k},m_{k})=\big(\prod_{m\in\mathcal{I}_{\overline{\mathbf{r}}_{k}}} f_{\mathrm{b}}(\overline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(m)})\big)\prod_{m^{\prime}\notin\mathcal{I}_{\overline{\mathbf{r}}_{k}}\atop m^{\prime}\in \{1,\ldots,m_{k}\}} f_{\mathrm{d}}(\overline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(m^{\prime})}),
\end{align*}
where $f_{\mathrm{b}}(\overline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(m)})$ is a prior pdf for the new PTs. The number of the new PTs at time $k$
is assumed Poisson distributed with a
mean $\mu_{\mathrm{b}}$, which is independent of the number of legacy PTs and of the number of clutters. Let $p_{\mathrm{d}}(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(i)})$ denote the probability of the legacy PT $\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(i)}$ detected by sensor at time $k$, that is, with the probability $1-p_{\mathrm{d}}(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(i)})$ of misdetection. The prior pmf of $\mathbf{a}_{k}$, $\overline{\mathbf{r}}_{k}$ and $m_{k}$ conditioned on $\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}$, $\underline{\mathbf{r}}_{k}$ is given by
\begin{align}\label{pz3}
\begin{split}
p( \mathbf{a}_{k},\overline{\mathbf{r}}_{k},m_{k}|\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k},\underline{\mathbf{r}}_{k})&=\frac{1}{m_{k} !}e^{-\mu_{\mathrm{b}}}(\mu_{\mathrm{b}})^{|\mathcal{I}_{\overline{\mathbf{r}}_{k}}|}e^{-\mu_{\mathrm{c}}}(\mu_{\mathrm{c}})^{m_{k}-|\mathcal{D}_{\mathbf{a}_{k}}|-|\mathcal{I}_{\overline{\mathbf{r}}_{k}}|}\psi(\mathbf{a}_{k})\big(\prod_{m\in\mathcal{I}_{\overline{\mathbf{r}}_{k}}}\Gamma_{\mathbf{a}_{k}}^{(m)}\big)
\\
&\quad\times \big(\prod_{i\in\mathcal{D}_{\mathbf{a}_{k}}}\underline{r}_k^{(i)}p_{\mathrm{d}}(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(i)})\big)\prod_{i^{\prime} \notin \mathcal{D}_{\mathbf{a}_{k}}\atop i^{\prime}\in \{1,\ldots,n_{k}\}}(1-\underline{r}_k^{(i^{\prime})}p_{\mathrm{d}}(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(i^{\prime})})),
\end{split}
\end{align}
with
\begin{align*}
\psi(\mathbf{a}_{k})&:=
\begin{cases}
0, &\begin{array}{l}\exists\ i,\ i^{\prime}\in \{1,\ldots,n_{k}\}, \text { such that } i\neq i^{\prime} \text { and } a_{k}^{(i)}=a_{k}^{(i^{\prime})}\neq0
\end{array} \\
1, &\begin{array}{l}\text{otherwise, }\end{array}
\end{cases}
\\
\Gamma_{\mathbf{a}_{k}}^{(m)}&:=
\begin{cases}
0, &\begin{array}{l}\exists\ i \in \{1,\ldots,n_{k}\}, \text { such that } a_{k}^{(i)}=m
\end{array} \\
1, &\begin{array}{l}\text{otherwise, }\end{array}
\end{cases}
\end{align*}
where the indicator functions $\psi(\mathbf{a}_{k})$ and $\Gamma_{\mathbf{a}_{k}}^{(m)}$ ensure that each measurement can only be associated once, either with a PT or with clutter. According to (\ref{pz0})-(\ref{pz3}), the pdf in (\ref{p24}) can be written as
\begin{align}\label{pl}
\begin{split}
p(\mathbf{z}_{k}, \mathbf{a}_{k},m_{k}, \overline{\mathbf{y}}_{k},\overline{\mathbf{g}}_{k} |\underline{\mathbf{y}}_{k},\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k})&\propto\psi(\mathbf{a}_{k})\big(\prod_{i=1}^{n_{k}}q(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(i)}, \underline{r}_{k}^{(i)}, a_{k}^{(i)}; \mathbf{z}_k)\big)\prod_{m=1}^{m_{k}}v_1(\overline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(m)}, \overline{r}_{k}^{(m)}, \mathbf{a}_{k})v_2(\overline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(m)}, \overline{r}_{k}^{(m)}; \mathbf{z}_{k}),
\end{split}
\end{align}
where $q(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(i)}, \underline{r}_{k}^{(i)}, a_{k}^{(i)}; \mathbf{z}_k)$ is defined as
\begin{align*}
\begin{split}
q(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(i)}, 1, a_{k}^{(i)}; \mathbf{z}_k):=
\begin{cases}
\frac{p_{\mathrm{d}}(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(i)})f(\mathbf{z}_{k}^{(a_{k}^{(i)})}| \underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(i)})}{\mu_{\mathrm{c}}f_{\mathrm{c}}(\mathbf{z}_{k}^{(a_{k}^{(i)})})}, &\begin{array}{l}a_{k}^{(i)}\neq0
\end{array} \\
1-p_{\mathrm{d}}(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(i)}), &\begin{array}{l}a_{k}^{(i)}=0,\end{array}
\end{cases}
\end{split}
\end{align*}
with $q(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(i)}, 0, a_{k}^{(i)}; \mathbf{z}_k):=\mathrm{I}(a_{k}^{(i)})$, and $v_1(\overline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(m)}, \overline{r}_{k}^{(m)}, \mathbf{a}_{k})$ is defined as
\begin{align}\label{v1}
\begin{split}
v_1(\overline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(m)}, 1, \mathbf{a}_{k}):=
\begin{cases}
0, &\begin{array}{l}\exists\ i \in \{1,\ldots,n_{k}\},\ \text {such that } a_{k}^{(i)}=m
\end{array} \\
\frac{\mu_{\mathrm{b}}}{\mu_{\mathrm{c}}}f_{\mathrm{b}}(\overline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(m)}), &\begin{array}{l}\text{otherwise,}\end{array}
\end{cases}
\end{split}
\end{align}
with
$v_1(\overline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(m)}, 0, \mathbf{a}_{k}):=f_{\mathrm{d}}(\overline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(m)})$, and
\begin{align}\label{v2}
\begin{split}
v_2(\overline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(m)}, \overline{r}_{k}^{(m)}; \mathbf{z}_{k}):=
\begin{cases}
\frac{f(\mathbf{z}_{k}^{(m)}| \overline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(m)})}{f_{\mathrm{c}}(\mathbf{z}_{k}^{(m)})}, &\begin{array}{l}\overline{r}_{k}^{(m)}=1
\end{array} \\
1, &\begin{array}{l}\overline{r}_{k}^{(m)}=0.\end{array}
\end{cases}
\end{split}
\end{align}
Consequently, substituting (\ref{ps}) and (\ref{pl}) into (\ref{pdf}), the joint posterior pdf $p(\mathbf{y}_{1:k}, \mathbf{g}_{1:k}, \mathbf{a}_{1:k}|\mathbf{z}_{1:k})$ is factorized as
\begin{align}\label{p1}
\begin{split}
p(\mathbf{y}_{1:k}, \mathbf{g}_{1:k}, \mathbf{a}_{1:k}|\mathbf{z}_{1:k})&\propto\prod_{k^{\prime}=1}^{k}p(\underline{\mathbf{y}}_{k^{\prime}},\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k^{\prime}}|\mathbf{y}_{k^{\prime}-1},\mathbf{g}_{k^{\prime}-1})\big(\prod_{i=1}^{n_{k^{\prime}}}q(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k^{\prime}}^{(i)}, \underline{r}_{k^{\prime}}^{(i)}, a_{k^{\prime}}^{(i)}; \mathbf{z}_{k}^{\prime})\big)
\\
&\quad\times\psi(\mathbf{a}_{k^{\prime}})\prod_{m=1}^{m_{k^{\prime}}}v_1(\overline{\mathbf{x}}_{k^{\prime}}^{(m)}, \overline{r}_{k^{\prime}}^{(m)}, \mathbf{a}_{k^{\prime}})v_2(\overline{\mathbf{x}}_{k^{\prime}}^{(m)}, \overline{r}_{k^{\prime}}^{(m)}; \mathbf{z}_{k^{\prime}}).
\end{split}
\end{align}
\begin{remark}
As shown in the factorization (\ref{p1}) of the joint posterior pdf, the group structure not only helps to model the evolution of targets, but also has an important impact on the data association (i.e., the likelihood calculation). Therefore, it is crucial to consider the group structure in the GTT problem.
\end{remark}
\section{The Proposed GTBP Method}
In this section, we derive a further factorization of the joint posterior pdf $p(\mathbf{y}_{1:k},\mathbf{g}_{1:k}, \mathbf{a}_{1:k}|\mathbf{z}_{1:k})$ by stretching the factor $\psi(\mathbf{a}_{k})$, and then propose the GTBP method.
\subsection{Factor Stretching and Joint Posterior pdf}
Note that in (\ref{p1}), we factorize the joint posterior pdf $p(\mathbf{y}_{1:k}, \mathbf{g}_{1:k}, \mathbf{a}_{1:k}|\mathbf{z}_{1:k})$ into some products. However, the factor $\psi(\mathbf{a}_{k})$ is a coupled function of all entries of the target-oriented association vector $\mathbf{a}_{k}$, which may suffer high-dimensional discrete marginalizations when using BP to compute the messages. To avoid this, the stretching principle in factor graphs can be applied. Following \cite{FG-BP,BP-MTT1,BP-MTT2}, we consider introducing the measurement-oriented association vector $\mathbf{b}_{k}:=\left[b_{k}^{(1)},\ldots,b_{k}^{(m_{k})}\right]^{\mathrm{T}}$ with
\begin{align*}
b_{k}^{(m)}:=
\begin{cases}
i \in\left\{1, \ldots, n_{k}\right\}, &\begin{array}{l}\text { if the measurement } \mathbf{z}_k^{(m)} \text { is } \text{generated by } \underline{\mathbf{x}}_k^{(i)}
\end{array} \\
0, &\begin{array}{l}\text { if } \mathbf{z}_k^{(m)} \text { is not generated } \text { by a legacy PT}.
\end{array} \\
\end{cases}
\end{align*}
Notably, the measurement-oriented association vector $\mathbf{b}_{k}$ is redundant with $\mathbf{a}_{k}$, that is, one of the two association vectors is determined and the other is determined as well. By introducing $\mathbf{b}_{k}$, the factor $\psi(\mathbf{a}_{k})$ can be stretched and equivalently replaced by
\begin{align*}
\psi(\mathbf{a}_{k},\mathbf{b}_{k}):=\prod_{i=1}^{n_{k}}\prod_{m=1}^{m_{k}}\Psi_{k}^{i,m}(a_{k}^{(i)},b_{k}^{(m)}),
\end{align*}
where
\begin{align*}
\Psi_{k}^{i,m}(a_{k}^{(i)},b_{k}^{(m)}):=
\begin{cases}
0, &\begin{array}{l}a_{k}^{(i)}=m,\ b_{k}^{(m)}\neq i \text{ or } b_{k}^{(m)}=i,\ a_{k}^{(i)}\neq m
\end{array} \\
1, &\begin{array}{l}\text{otherwise. }\end{array}
\end{cases}
\end{align*}
Hereafter, we abbreviate $\Psi_{k}^{i,m}(a_{k}^{(i)},b_{k}^{(m)})$ as $\Psi_{k}^{i,m}$ for notational convenience.
Note that in (\ref{v1}), the condition that there exists $i \in \{1,\ldots,n_{k}\}$ such that $a_{k}^{(i)}=m$ is equal to the condition that $b_{k}^{(m)}\in\{1,\ldots,n_{k}\}$. According to the definitions (\ref{v1})-(\ref{v2}) of $v_1(\overline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(m)}, \overline{r}_{k}^{(m)}, \mathbf{a}_{k})$ and $v_2(\overline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(m)}, \overline{r}_{k}^{(m)}; \mathbf{z}_{k})$, one can easily verify that their product can be replaced by $v(\overline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(m)}, \overline{r}_{k}^{(m)}, b_{k}^{(m)}; \mathbf{z}_{k}^{(m)})$,
\begin{align}\label{def-v}
\begin{split}
v(\overline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(m)}, 1, b_{k}^{(m)}; \mathbf{z}_{k}^{(m)}):=\begin{cases}
0, &\begin{array}{l}b_{k}^{(m)}\in\{1,\ldots,n_{k}\}
\end{array} \\
\frac{\mu_{\mathrm{b}}f_{\mathrm{b}}(\overline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(m)})f(\mathbf{z}_{k}^{(m)}| \overline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(m)})}{\mu_{\mathrm{c}}f_{\mathrm{c}}(\mathbf{z}_{k}^{(m)})}, &\begin{array}{l}b_{k}^{(m)}=0,\end{array}
\end{cases}
\end{split}
\end{align}
with
$v(\overline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(m)}, 0, b_{k}^{(m)}; \mathbf{z}_{k}^{(m)}):=f_{\mathrm{d}}(\overline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(m)})$. Let $\mathbf{b}_{1:k}$ denote the stacked measurement-oriented association vector from time 1 to time $k$. Thus, we can further factorize the joint posterior pdf $p(\mathbf{y}_{1:k}, \mathbf{g}_{1:k}, \mathbf{a}_{1:k}, \mathbf{b}_{1:k}|\mathbf{z}_{1:k})$ as follows:
\begin{align}\label{p2}
\begin{split}
p(\mathbf{y}_{1:k},\mathbf{g}_{1:k}, \mathbf{a}_{1:k}, \mathbf{b}_{1:k}|\mathbf{z}_{1:k})&\propto\prod_{k^{\prime}=1}^{k}\bigg(p(\underline{\mathbf{y}}_{k^{\prime}},\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k^{\prime}}|\mathbf{y}_{k^{\prime}-1},\mathbf{g}_{k^{\prime}-1})\big(\prod_{i=1}^{n_{k^{\prime}}}q(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k^{\prime}}^{(i)}, \underline{r}_{k^{\prime}}^{(i)}, a_{k^{\prime}}^{(i)}; \mathbf{z}_{k^{\prime}})\prod_{m=1}^{m_{k^{\prime}}}\Psi_{k^{\prime}}^{i,m}\big)
\\
&\quad \times\prod_{m^{\prime}=1}^{m_{k^{\prime}}}v(\overline{\mathbf{x}}_{k^{\prime}}^{(m^{\prime})}, \overline{r}_{k^{\prime}}^{(m^{\prime})}, b_{k^{\prime}}^{(m^{\prime})}; \mathbf{z}_{k^{\prime}}^{(m^{\prime})})\bigg).
\end{split}
\end{align}
A factor graph representation for this factorization is shown in Fig. \ref{figure2}, which is mainly depicted for the time $k$. Herein, the factor nodes and variable nodes are drawn with squares and circles, respectively.
\begin{figure}[hbtp]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.8\linewidth]{fig2.eps}
\caption{The factor graph description of the factorization (\ref{p2}) for GTT, shown for the time $k$. Some abbreviations are used: $p_{\underline{\mathbf{g}}|\mathbf{y}}:=p(\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}|\mathbf{x}_{k-1}, \mathbf{r}_{k-1})$, $p_{\underline{\mathbf{y}}|\underline{\mathbf{g}},\mathbf{y}}:=p(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}, \underline{\mathbf{r}}_{k}|\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}, \mathbf{x}_{k-1}, \mathbf{r}_{k-1})$, $q^{(i)}:=q(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(i)}, \underline{r}_{k}^{(i)}, a_{k}^{(i)}; \mathbf{z}_{k})$, $v^{(m)}:=v(\overline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(m)}, \overline{r}_{k}^{(m)}, b_{k}^{(m)}; \mathbf{z}_{k}^{(m)})$.
}
\label{figure2}
\end{figure}
\subsection{The GTBP Method}
Based on the factorization (\ref{p2}) and the devised factor graph in Fig. \ref{figure2}, we calculate the beliefs in detail via the message passing scheme (\ref{ftv}), and then obtain the desired marginal posterior pdfs and pmfs.
\subsubsection{Prediction of Group Structure and Target State}
First, the message $\alpha_k(\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k})$ passed from the factor node $p(\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}|\mathbf{x}_{k-1},\mathbf{r}_{k-1})$ to the variable node $\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}$ is calculated as
\begin{align}\label{pre-gs}
\begin{split}
\alpha_k(\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k})=\sum_{\mathbf{r}_{k-1}\in\mathcal{R}_{k-1}}\int p(\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}|\mathbf{x}_{k-1}, \mathbf{r}_{k-1})\widetilde{p}(\mathbf{x}_{k-1},\mathbf{r}_{k-1})\mathrm{d}{\mathbf{x}_{k-1}},
\end{split}
\end{align}
where $\widetilde{p}(\mathbf{x}_{k-1},\mathbf{r}_{k-1})$ is the approximation of the marginal posterior pdf $p(\mathbf{x}_{k-1},\mathbf{r}_{k-1}|\mathbf{z}_{1:k-1})$ obtained at time $k-1$. Then, the message $\alpha_k(\underline{\mathbf{y}}_{k})=\alpha_k(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}, \underline{\mathbf{r}}_{k})$ passed from the factor node $p(\underline{\mathbf{y}}_{k}|\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k},\mathbf{y}_{k-1})$ to the variable node $\underline{\mathbf{y}}_{k}$ is calculated as
\begin{align}\label{alpha-gs}
\begin{split}
\alpha_k(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}, \underline{\mathbf{r}}_{k})&=\sum_{\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}\in\underline{\mathcal{G}}_{k}}\sum_{\mathbf{r}_{k-1}\in\mathcal{R}_{k-1}}\int\alpha_k(\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k})\widetilde{p}(\mathbf{x}_{k-1},\mathbf{r}_{k-1}) p(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}, \underline{\mathbf{r}}_{k}|\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}, \mathbf{x}_{k-1}, \mathbf{r}_{k-1})
\mathrm{d}{\mathbf{x}_{k-1}}
\\
&=\sum_{\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}\in\underline{\mathcal{G}}_{k}}\alpha_k(\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k})\alpha_k(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}, \underline{\mathbf{r}}_{k}|\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}),
\end{split}
\end{align}
where
\begin{align}\label{alpha1}
\begin{split}
\alpha_k(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}, \underline{\mathbf{r}}_{k}|\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k})=\sum_{\mathbf{r}_{k-1}\in\mathcal{R}_{k-1}}\int \widetilde{p}(\mathbf{x}_{k-1},\mathbf{r}_{k-1})p(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}, \underline{\mathbf{r}}_{k}|\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}, \mathbf{x}_{k-1}, \mathbf{r}_{k-1})\mathrm{d}{\mathbf{x}_{k-1}}.
\end{split}
\end{align}
\begin{remark}
Note that in (\ref{alpha-gs}), the message $\alpha_k(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}, \underline{\mathbf{r}}_{k})$ involves the weighted summation of $\alpha_k(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}, \underline{\mathbf{r}}_{k}|\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k})$ over possible group structures. That is, the evolution of targets is modeled as the co-action of the group or single-target motions under different group structures. Herein, the group structure probabilities $\alpha_k(\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k})$, namely the target state transition mode weights, will be updated by the data association presented subsequently. Particularly, if the group structure is deterministic and each target is divided into a group, then GTBP degrades to the BP method for MTT \cite{BP-MTT2}.
\end{remark}
\subsubsection{Measurement Evaluation and Iterative Data Association}
The messages $\beta_k(a_{k}^{(i)})$ passed from the factor nodes $q(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(i)}, \underline{r}_{k}^{(i)}, a_{k}^{(i)}; \mathbf{z}_{k})$ to the variable nodes $a_{k}^{(i)}$ are computed by
\begin{align}\label{beta}
\begin{split}
\beta_k(a_{k}^{(i)})&=\sum_{\underline{\mathbf{r}}_{k}\in\underline{\mathcal{R}}_{k}}\int q(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(i)}, \underline{r}_{k}^{(i)}, a_{k}^{(i)}; \mathbf{z}_{k}) \alpha_k(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}, \underline{\mathbf{r}}_{k})\mathrm{d}{\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}}.
\end{split}
\end{align}
For the new PTs, the messages $\xi_k(b_{k}^{(m)})$ passed from the factor nodes $v(\overline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(m)}, \overline{r}_{k}^{(m)}, b_{k}^{(m)}; \mathbf{z}_{k}^{(m)})$ to the variable nodes $b_{k}^{(m)}$ are computed by
\begin{align}\label{xi}
\begin{split}
\xi_k(b_{k}^{(m)})&=\sum_{\overline{r}_{k}^{(m)}\in\{0,1\} }\int v(\overline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(m)}, \overline{r}_{k}^{(m)}, b_{k}^{(m)}; \mathbf{z}_{k}^{(m)})\mathrm{d}{\overline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(m)}}
\\
&=\int v(\overline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(m)}, 1, b_{k}^{(m)}; \mathbf{z}_{k}^{(m)})\mathrm{d}{\overline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(m)}}+1.
\end{split}
\end{align}
Once the incoming messages $\beta_k(a_{k}^{(i)})$ to the data association part have been calculated, the iterative message calculation between all the nodes $a_{k}^{(i)}$, $b_{k}^{(m)}$ and $\Psi_{k}^{i,m}$ are performed. In the iteration, the messages $\varphi_{\Psi_{k}^{i,m} \rightarrow b_{k}^{(m)}}^{\left[\ell\right]}(b_{k}^{(m)})$ and $\varphi_{\Psi_{k}^{i,m} \rightarrow a_{k}^{(i)}}^{\left[\ell\right]}(a_{k}^{(i)})$ are updated by
\begin{align}
\begin{split}\label{message-beta}
&\varphi_{\Psi_{k}^{i,m} \rightarrow b_{k}^{(m)}}^{\left[\ell\right]}(b_{k}^{(m)})=\sum_{a_{k}^{(i)}=0}^{m_{k}}\beta_k(a_{k}^{(i)})\Psi_{k}^{i,m}\prod_{{m^{\prime}=1}\atop{m^{\prime}\neq m}}^{m_{k}}\varphi_{\Psi_{k}^{i,m^{\prime}} \rightarrow a_{k}^{(i)}}^{\left[\ell\right]}(a_{k}^{(i)}),
\end{split}
\\
\begin{split}\label{message-xi}
&\varphi_{\Psi_{k}^{i,m} \rightarrow a_{k}^{(i)}}^{\left[\ell\right]}(a_{k}^{(i)})=\sum_{b_{k}^{(m)}=0}^{n_{k}}\xi_k(b_{k}^{(m)}) \Psi_{k}^{i,m}\prod_{{i^{\prime}=1}\atop{i^{\prime}\neq i}}^{n_{k}}\varphi_{\Psi_{k}^{i^{\prime},m} \rightarrow b_{k}^{(m)}}^{\left[\ell-1\right]}(b_{k}^{(m)}),
\end{split}
\end{align}
where the subscript $\ell$ denotes the number of iteration, $i=1,\ldots,n_{k}$ and $m=1,\ldots,m_{k}$. The iterative loop of (\ref{message-beta})-(\ref{message-xi}) is initialized by setting
\begin{align}\label{ini-beta}
\varphi_{\Psi_{k}^{i,m} \rightarrow b_{k}^{(m)}}^{\left[0\right]}(b_{k}^{(m)})=&\sum_{a_{k}^{(i)}=0}^{m_{k}}\beta_k(a_{k}^{(i)}) \Psi_{k}^{i,m}.
\end{align}
An efficient implementation of Matlab code for this iteration is provided in \cite{Williams3}. The iteration of (\ref{message-beta})-(\ref{message-xi}) terminates when meeting the max number of iteration or the Frobenius norm of the beliefs between two consecutive iterations is less than a certain threshold. We denote the number of iterations when meeting the stopping criteria as $\ell_k$, then the messages passed from $a_{k}^{(i)}$ to $q(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(i)}, \underline{r}_{k}^{(i)}, a_{k}^{(i)}; \mathbf{z}_{k})$ are obtained as
\begin{align}\label{kappa}
\kappa_k(a_{k}^{(i)})= \prod_{m=1}^{m_{k}}\varphi_{\Psi_{k}^{i,m} \rightarrow a_{k}^{(i)}}^{\left[\ell_k\right]}(a_{k}^{(i)}),
\end{align}
for $i=1,\ldots,n_{k}$, and the the messages passed from $b_{k}^{(m)}$ to $v(\overline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(m)}, \overline{r}_{k}^{(m)}, b_{k}^{(m)}; \mathbf{z}_{k}^{(m)})$ are obtained as
\begin{align}\label{iota}
\iota_k(b_{k}^{(m)})= \prod_{i=1}^{n_{k}}\varphi_{\Psi_{k}^{i,m} \rightarrow b_{k}^{(m)}}^{\left[\ell_k\right]}(b_{k}^{(m)}<|fim_middle|>underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}, \underline{\mathbf{r}}_{k})$ is obtained as
\begin{align*}
\widetilde{p}(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}, \underline{\mathbf{r}}_{k})&\propto \sum_{g=1}^{M}\widetilde{\alpha}_k(g)\prod_{i=1}^{n_{k}}\widetilde{p}(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(i)}, \underline{r}_{k}^{(i)}|g),
\end{align*}
with
\begin{align*}
\widetilde{p}(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(i)}, \underline{r}_{k}^{(i)}|g):=\widetilde{\alpha}_k(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(i)}, \underline{r}_{k}^{(i)}|g)\widetilde{\gamma}_k^{(i)}(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_k^{(i)}, \underline{r}_k^{(i)}),
\end{align*}
where $\widetilde{p}(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(i)}, 1|g)$ can be represented by a set of particles $\{\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(i,l,g)}\}_{l=1}^{L}$ with the following nonnormalized weights
\begin{align}\label{wa1}
\begin{split}
\underline{w}_{k,*}^{A(i,l,g)}&=\underline{w}_{k,*}^{(i,l,g)}
\widetilde{\gamma}_k^{(i)}(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(i,l,g)}, \underline{r}_k^{(i)})
\\
&=\underline{w}_{k,*}^{(i,l,g)}\sum_{a_{k}^{(i)}=0}^{m_{k}} q(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(i,l,g)}, 1, a_{k}^{(i)}; \mathbf{z}_{k}) \widetilde{\kappa}_k(a_{k}^{(i)}).
\end{split}
\end{align}
Similarly, the nonnormalized
weights corresponding to $\widetilde{p}(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(i)}, 0|g)$ are obtained as
\begin{align}\label{wb1}
\underline{w}_{k,*}^{B(i,g)}=(1-\sum_{l=1}^{L}\underline{w}_{k,*}^{(i,l,g)}) \widetilde{\kappa}_k(0),
\end{align}
where $1-\sum_{l=1}^{L}\underline{w}_{k,*}^{(i,l,g)}$ provides an approximation of $\int\alpha_k(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(i)}, 0|g)\mathrm{d}{\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(i)}}$. Hence, $\widetilde{p}(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(i)}, 1|g)$ can be represented by a set of weighted particles $\{\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(i,l,g)},\underline{w}_{k}^{(i,l,g)}\}_{l=1}^{L}$, where
\begin{align}\label{w1-update}
\underline{w}_{k}^{(i,l,g)}=\frac{\underline{w}_{k,*}^{A(i,l,g)}}{\sum_{l=1}^{L}\underline{w}_{k,*}^{A(i,l,g)}+\underline{w}_{k,*}^{B(i,g)}}.
\end{align}
Thus, the particle-based approximation of
the posterior pmfs $p(\underline{r}_{k}^{(i)}=1|\mathbf{z}_{1:k})$ are obtained as
\begin{align}\label{ex-legacy}
\widetilde{p}( \underline{r}_{k}^{(i)})\approx\sum_{g=1}^{M}\widetilde{\alpha}_k(g)\sum_{l=1}^{L}\underline{w}_{k}^{(i,l,g)}.
\end{align}
According to (\ref{mse}), the state estimation for the legacy PTs $\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(i)}$ are obtained as
\begin{align}\label{est-legacy}
\widehat{\underline{\mathbf{x}}}_{k}^{(i)}=\sum_{g=1}^{M}\sum_{l=1}^{L}\frac{\widetilde{\alpha}_k(g)\underline{w}_{k}^{(i,l,g)}\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(i,l,g)}}{\sum_{g=1}^{M}\widetilde{\alpha}_k(g)\sum_{l=1}^{L}\underline{w}_{k}^{(i,l,g)}}.
\end{align}
Furthermore, the beliefs $\widetilde{p}(g)$ approximating the marginal posterior pmfs $p(g|\mathbf{z}_{1:k})$ in (\ref{pdf-g}) are obtained as
\begin{align*}
\widetilde{p}(g)=\frac{\widetilde{\alpha}_k(g)\prod\limits_{i=1}^{n_{k}}\sum\limits_{\underline{r}_{k}^{(i)}\in\{0,1\}}\int\widetilde{p}(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(i)},\underline{r}_{k}^{(i)}|g)\mathrm{d}{\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(i)}}}{\sum\limits_{g=1}^{M}\widetilde{\alpha}_k(g)\prod\limits_{i=1}^{n_{k}}\sum\limits_{\underline{r}_{k}^{(i)}\in\{0,1\}}\int\widetilde{p}(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(i)},\underline{r}_{k}^{(i)}|g)\mathrm{d}{\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(i)}}},
\end{align*}
where the particle-based approximation are given by
\begin{align}\label{est-g}
\widetilde{p}(g)=\frac{\widetilde{\alpha}_k(g)\prod\limits_{i=1}^{n_{k}}(\sum_{l=1}^{L}\underline{w}_{k,*}^{A(i,l,g)}+\underline{w}_{k,*}^{B(i,g)})}{\sum\limits_{g=1}^{M}\widetilde{\alpha}_k(g)\prod\limits_{i=1}^{n_{k}}(\sum_{l=1}^{L}\underline{w}_{k,*}^{A(i,l,g)}+\underline{w}_{k,*}^{B(i,g)})}.
\end{align}
Note that for each PT $i$ at time $k-1$, $L$ particles $\{\mathbf{x}_{k-1}^{(i,l)}\}_{l=1}^{L}$ are propagated to $L\times M$ particles $\{\{\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(i,l,g)}\}_{l=1}^{L}\}_{g=1}^{M}$ based on the $M$-best group partitions. To reduce the $L\times M$ particles to $L$ particles, a resampling step is performed according to the beliefs $\widetilde{p}(g)$.
For the new PTs, a particle-based approximation $\widetilde{\varsigma}_k^{(m)}(\overline{\mathbf{x}}_k^{(m)}, 1)$ of the messages $\varsigma_k^{(m)}(\overline{\mathbf{x}}_k^{(m)}, 1)$ in (\ref{varsigma}) is given by $\{\overline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(m,l)}\}_{l=1}^{L}$ with nonnormalized weights
\begin{align}\label{wa2}
\overline{w}_{k,*}^{A(m,l)}=\overline{w}_{k,*}^{(m,l)}\times\frac{\mu_{\mathrm{b}}f(\mathbf{z}_{k}^{(m)}| \overline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(m,l)})\widetilde{\iota}_k(0)}{\mu_{\mathrm{c}}f_{\mathrm{c}}(\mathbf{z}_{k}^{(m)})},
\end{align}
and the nonnormalized weights corresponding to $\widetilde{\varsigma}_k^{(m)}(\overline{\mathbf{x}}_k^{(m)}, 0)$ are given by
\begin{align}\label{wb2}
\overline{w}_{k,*}^{B(m,l)}=\sum_{b_{k}^{(m)}=0}^{n_k}\widetilde{\iota}_k(b_k^{(m)}).
\end{align}
Thus, the beliefs $\widetilde{p}(\overline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(m)}, 1)$ in (\ref{new-pt}) are approximated by the particles $\{(\overline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(m,l)}, \overline{w}_{k}^{(m,l)})\}_{l=1}^{L}$, where
\begin{align}\label{w2-update}
\overline{w}_{k}^{(m,l)}&=\frac{\overline{w}_{k,*}^{A(m,l)}}{\sum_{l=1}^{L}\overline{w}_{k,*}^{A(m,l)}+\overline{w}_{k,*}^{B(m,l)}}.
\end{align}
Then, the marginal posterior pmfs $p(\overline{r}_{k}^{(m)}=1|\mathbf{z}_{1:k})$ are approximated by
\begin{align}\label{ex-new}
\widetilde{p}( \overline{r}_{k}^{(m)})\approx\sum_{l=1}^{L}\underline{w}_{k}^{(m,l)},
\end{align}
and the state estimation for the new PT $\overline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(m)}$ are obtained as
\begin{align}\label{est-new}
\widehat{\overline{\mathbf{x}}}_{k}^{(m)}=\sum_{l=1}^{L}\frac{\overline{w}_{k}^{(m,l)}\overline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(m,l)}}{\sum_{l=1}^{L}\overline{w}_{k}^{(m,l)}}.
\end{align}
A pseudo-code description
of the particle-based implementation of $M$-best GTBP is summarized as follows, which preserves the $M$-best group partitions at each time step. For notational convenience, we ignore the changes in the indices of the legacy PT $i$ and the new PT $m$ before and after pruning in Algorithm \ref{A1}.
\begin{algorithm}[ht]
\caption{Particle-based Implementation of the $M$-best GTBP Algorithm}
\label{A1}
\begin{algorithmic}[0]
\renewcommand{\algorithmicrequire}{\textbf{Initialize:}}
\Require \\
Set $\mathbf{y}_0$ and $\mathbf{g}_0$ as empty vectors;
\renewcommand{\algorithmicrequire}{\textbf{Input at time $k$:}}
\Require \\
Weighted particles $\{\{(\mathbf{x}_{k-1}^{(i,l)}, w_{k-1}^{(i,l)})\}_{i=1}^{n_k}\}_{l=1}^{L}$, and measurements $\mathbf{z}_{k}$;
\renewcommand{\algorithmicrequire}{\textbf{Output at time $k$:}}
\Require \\
Legacy PTs : state estimation $\widehat{\underline{\mathbf{x}}}_{k}^{(i)}$, beliefs $\widetilde{p}( \underline{r}_{k}^{(i)})$ and weighted particles $\{\{(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(i,l)}, \underline{w}_{k}^{(i,l)})\}_{i=1}^{n_{k}}\}_{l=1}^{L}$;\\
New PTs: state estimation $\widehat{\overline{\mathbf{x}}}_{k}^{(m)}$, beliefs $\widetilde{p}( \overline{r}_{k}^{(m)})$ and weighted particles $\{\{(\overline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(m,l)},\overline{w}_{k}^{(m,l)})\}_{m=1}^{m_k}\}_{l=1}^{L}$;\\
Group structure: the preserved $M$-best group structures and corresponding probabilities $\widetilde{p}(g)$;
\renewcommand{\algorithmicrequire}{\textbf{Run:}}
\Require
\State {\bf Step 1:} compute $\widetilde{\alpha}_k(g)$, $g\in\underline{\mathcal{G}}_k$ via (\ref{alpha_g_appro}), preserve the $M$ most likely group partitions and renormalize $\widetilde{\alpha}_k(g)$;
\State {\bf Step 2:} for each group partition $g$, draw the particles $\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(i,l,g)}, l=1,\ldots,L$ from the group transition density $(\ref{pdf-model})$ or the single-target state transition density in (\ref{sg}), and compute corresponding weights $\underline{w}_{k,*}^{(i,l,g)}$ via (\ref{w1});
\State {\bf Step 3:} compute $\widetilde{\beta}_k(a_{k}^{(i)})$, $a_{k}^{(i)}=0,\ldots,m_k$ via (\ref{app-beta}), draw particles with equal weights from the prior pdf $f_{\mathrm{b}}(\overline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(m)})$, i.e., $\{(\overline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(m,l)}, \overline{w}_{k,*}^{(m,l)}=\frac{1}{L})\}_{l=1}^{L}$, and compute $\widetilde{\xi}_k(b_{k}^{(m)}=0)$ via (\ref{app-xi});
\State {\bf Step 4:} run the iterative data association (\ref{message-beta})-(\ref{ini-beta}), and compute $\widetilde{\kappa}_k(a_{k}^{(i)})$ and $\widetilde{\iota}_k(b_{k}^{(m)})$ via (\ref{kappa})-(\ref{iota});
\State {\bf Step 5:} for the legacy PTs $i\in\{1,\ldots,n_k\}$, calculate the weights $\underline{w}_{k}^{(i,l,g)}$ via (\ref{wa1})-(\ref{w1-update}), and then obtain $\widetilde{p}( \underline{r}_{k}^{(i)})$, $\widehat{\underline{\mathbf{x}}}_{k}^{(i)}$, $\widetilde{p}(g)$ via (\ref{ex-legacy})-(\ref{est-g}), respectively;
\State {\bf Step 6:} for the new PTs $m\in\{1,\ldots,m_k\}$, calculate the weights $\overline{w}_{k}^{(m,l)}$ via (\ref{wa2})-(\ref{w2-update}), and then obtain $\widetilde{p}( \overline{r}_{k}^{(m)})$, $\widehat{\overline{\mathbf{x}}}_{k}^{(m)}$ via (\ref{ex-new}) and (\ref{est-new}), respectively;
\State {\bf Step 7:} prune the legacy PTs and new PTs with existence probabilities less than the threshold $P_{\mathrm{pr}}$;
\State {\bf Step 8:} according to the probability $\widetilde{p}(g)$, a resample step for each preserved legacy PT is performed to reduce the $L\times M$ particles $\{\{\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(i,l,g)}\}_{g=1}^{M}\}_{l=1}^{L}$ to $L$ particles $\{\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(i,l)}\}_{l=1}^{L}$ with equal wights $ \underline{w}_{k}^{(i,l)}=\frac{\widetilde{p}(\underline{r}_{k}^{(i)})}{L}$;
\\
\Return $\{\{(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(i,l)}, \underline{w}_{k}^{(i,l)})\}_{l=1}^{L},\ \widetilde{p}( \underline{r}_{k}^{(i)}),\ \widehat{\underline{\mathbf{x}}}_{k}^{(i)}\}_{i=1}^{n_{k}}$, $\widetilde{p}(g)$, $\{(\overline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(m,l)},\overline{w}_{k}^{(m,l)})\}_{l=1}^{L},\ \widetilde{p}( \overline{r}_{k}^{(m)}),\ \widehat{\overline{\mathbf{x}}}_{k}^{(m)}\}_{m=1}^{m_k}$;
\end{algorithmic}
\end{algorithm}
\section{Simulation}
In this section, we simulate two typical GTT scenarios to demonstrate
the performance of the proposed GTBP method. The simulation setting and performance comparison results are presented as follows.
\subsection{Simulation Setting}
In scenario 1, we consider tracking an unknown number of group targets, involving the group splitting and merging. A total of 100 time steps with the time sampling interval $\Delta T = 2s$ is simulated, and four targets appear in the scene. Let the kinematics of the individual targets described by the state vector $\mathbf{x}_k^{(i)}=\left[x_k^{(i)},\dot{x}_k^{(i)},y_k^{(i)},\dot{y}_k^{(i)}\right]^{\mathrm{T}}$ of planar position and velocity. Here, we use one constant velocity (CV) model and two constant turn (CT) models \cite{Mallick2013} without process noise to generate the true trajectories of the four targets, where the state transition matrices of the corresponding models are
\begin{align*}
F_{\mathrm{CV}}:=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}
1 & \Delta T & 0 & 0 \\
0 & 1 & 0 & 0 \\
0 & 0 & 1 & \Delta T \\
0 & 0 & 0 & 1
\end{array}\right],\quad F_{\mathrm{CT}}^{(j)}:=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}
1 & \frac{\sin \omega^{(j)} \Delta T}{\omega^{(j)}} & 0 & -\frac{1-\cos \omega^{(j)} \Delta T}{\omega^{(j)}} \\
0 & \cos \omega^{(j)} \Delta T & 0 & -\sin \omega^{(j)} \Delta T \\
0 & \frac{1-\cos \omega^{(j)} \Delta T}{\omega^{(j)}} & 1 & \frac{\sin \omega^{(j)} \Delta T}{\omega^{(j)}} \\
0 & \sin \omega^{(j)} \Delta T & 0 & \cos \omega^{(j)} \Delta T
\end{array}\right],
\end{align*}
respectively, where $j\in\{1,2\}$, the turn rates $\omega^{(1)}=2.25^{\circ}/s$ and $\omega^{(2)}=-2.25^{\circ}/s$.
\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.6\linewidth]{fig3.eps}
\caption{The ground truths simulated in scenario 1. Starting and stopping positions are marked with $\circ$ and $\square$, respectively.}
\label{figure3}
\end{figure}
\begin{table}[H]
\centering
\caption{The lifespan (time step) and initial speeds of the targets.}
\label{table1}
\begin{tabular}{ccc}
\toprule
Target indices & Lifespan & Initial states
\\
\midrule
1 &$\left[1,80\right]$ & $\left[800, 10, 3255, -10\right]^{\mathrm{T}}$
\\
2 &$\left[1,80\right]$ &$\left[740, 10\sqrt{2}, 3000, 0\right]^{\mathrm{T}}$
\\
3 &$\left[1,80\right]$ &$\left[800, 10, 2745, 10\right]^{\mathrm{T}}$
\\
4 &$\left[21,100\right]$ &$\left[1010, 8, 2500, -8\right]^{\mathrm{T}}$
\\
\bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
The simulated ground truths, lifespan and initial state vectors are shown in Fig. \ref{figure3} and Table \ref{table1}, respectively. As shown in Fig. \ref{figure3}, the targets 1, 2 and 3 fly towards the directions of their velocities based on the CV model, before executing the coordinated turn motions based on the CT model, which makes the three targets get closer and then merge into one group. Then, the group target move in a triangular formation based on the CV model, accompanied by the birth of the target 4. Followed by the splitting of the group, the targets 1, 2 and 3 gradually move away from each other. Finally, the simulated scenario ends with the termination of the target 4.
Assuming that the sensor is located at the origin, and the ranges of radius and azimuth are 0-5000$m$ and 0-$2\pi$ $rad$, respectively. The measurement likelihood is given by $f(\mathbf{z}_{k}^{(m)}|\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(i)})=\mathcal{N}(\mathbf{z}_{k}^{(m)};H\mathbf{x}_{k}^{(i)},\sigma_{\mathbf{w}}^2I_2)$, where
\begin{align*}
H:=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}
1 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\
0 & 0 & 1 & 0
\end{array}\right],\quad I_2:=\left[\begin{array}{cc}
1 & 0 \\
0 & 1
\end{array}\right],
\end{align*}
and the standard deviation (Std) of the measurement noise is $\sigma_{\mathbf{w}}=10m$. The clutter pdf $f_{\mathrm{c}}(\mathbf{z}_{k}^{(m)})$ is assumed uniform on the surveillance region, and the Poisson mean number of clutters is $\mu_{\mathrm{c}}=10$ if not noted otherwise.
\subsection{Simulated Methods and Performance Metric}
We compare the recently developed BP method \cite{BP-MTT2} and the proposed GTBP method. Moreover, the performance of GTBP preserving different numbers of group partitions are also tested. For notational convenience, we abbreviate the method implemented by Algorithm \ref{A1} and $M=2$ as GTBP-2best. In order to evaluate the tracking algorithm exclusively, we employ the same birth pdf $f_{\mathrm{b}}(\overline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(m)})$ for all tested methods, which is constructed by using the measurements at the previous time step \cite{birth-pdf}. If not noted otherwise, we set the Poisson mean number of new PTs, the maximum possible number of PTs, the number of particles (for representing each legacy PT or new PT state), the detection probability and survival probability as $\mu_{\mathrm{b}}=10^{-5}\times\mu_{\mathrm{c}}$, $N_{\text{max}} = 8$, $L = 3000$, $p_{\mathrm{d}}(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(i)})=0.995$ and $p_{\mathrm{s}}(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(i)})=0.9999$, respectively. The grouping constant $P_{0}$ in (\ref{Pij}) for incorporating nonexistent PTs into groups is set to $0.001$. In the iterative data association, the iteration is stopped if the Frobenius norm of the beliefs between two consecutive iterations is less than $10^{-5}$ or reaching the maximum number of iterations 100. All tested methods perform a message censoring step \cite{BP-ETT1} with a threshold 0.9. The thresholds for target declaration and pruning are $P_{\mathrm{e}}=0.8$ and $P_{\mathrm{pr}}=10^{-5}\times\mu_{\mathrm{c}}$, respectively. Furthermore, we use the CV model with the process noise $Q_{k}=\sigma_{\mathbf{v}}^2GG^{\mathrm{T}}$ for tracking, where $\sigma_{\mathbf{v}}=10m/s^2$ is the Std of the process noise and
\begin{align*}
G:=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}
\frac{\Delta T^{2}}{2} & \Delta T &0 &0\\
0 & 0 & \frac{\Delta T^{2}}{2} &\Delta T
\end{array}\right]^{\mathrm{T}}.
\end{align*}
To evaluate the tracking performance, we use the OSPA$^{(2)}$ distance $\check{d}_{p, q}^{(c)}(X, Y ; w)$ as the performance metric, which is able to capture different kinds of tracking errors such as track switching and fragmentation \cite{ospa2}. If not noted otherwise, the cutoff parameter, the order parameters and the window length are set to $c=50$, $p=1$, $q=2$ and $w=10$ (with uniform weights), respectively.
\subsection{Simulation Results of Scenario 1}
Fig. \ref{figure4} plots the average total OSPA$^{(2)}$ of BP, GTBP-2best and GTBP-4best over 100 Monte Carlo runs versus the time step. Specific results and reasons are given as follows:
\begin{itemize}
\item Before the time step 10, it shows that the three methods have similar performance for the reason of using the same track initialization settings and the targets 1, 2 and 3 move as ungrouped targets.
\item Between the time steps 10 and 80 (i.e., the GTT stage with the occurrence of group merging and splitting), GTBP-2best and GTBP-4best outperform BP for the reason of estimating the uncertainty of the group structure. In addition, GTBP-4best outperforms GTBP-2best as a result of preserving more group partitions at each time step.
\item After the time step 80, the average total OSPA$^{(2)}$ of the three methods gradually become the same, since there is only the ungrouped target 4 in the scene and thus the proposed GTBP method degenerates to the BP method.
\end{itemize}
Furthermore, the two spikes around the time steps $k=20$ and $k=80$ are caused by the windowing effects, the track initiation and termination delays.
\begin{figure}[ht]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.6\linewidth]{fig4.eps}
\caption{The average total OSPA$^{(2)}$.}
\label{figure4}
\end{figure}
In more detail, we plot the average OSPA$^{(2)}$ for the group target (including the targets 1, 2 and 3) and the ungrouped target 4 in Figs. \ref{figure5}-\ref{figure6}, respectively. Fig. \ref{figure5} shows that GTBP-2best and GTBP-4best outperform BP when tracking the group target. The reasons are the same as that for the results in Fig. \ref{figure4}. Furthermore, Fig. \ref{figure6} shows that the three methods have almost the same performance when tracking the ungrouped target 4, which validates the fact that GTBP degrades to the classical BP method in the case of tracking ungrouped targets.
\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.6\linewidth]{fig5.eps}
\caption{The average OSPA$^{(2)}$ of the group target, including the targets 1, 2, 3.}
\label{figure5}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.6\linewidth]{fig6.eps}
\caption{The average OSPA$^{(2)}$ of the target 4.}
\label{figure6}
\end{figure}
\subsection{Simulation Results of Scenario 2}
To further evaluate the performance of the proposed GTBP method, we simulate a coordinated GTT scenario and compare the average total OSPA$^{(2)}$ and the average runtimes in different cases. In this scenario, we perform a fixed number of 20 BP iterations and use $L = 1000$ particles for all test methods. If not noted otherwise, the group consists of five targets generated by the CV model and CT models with an initial speed of 10m$/$s, where the ground truths are shown in Fig. \ref{figure7}. The initial position of the target 1 is fixed at 800 m and 3000 m along the $x$-axis and $y$-axis, respectively, and the other adjacent targets within the group are separated by 50 m along the $y$-axis.
\begin{figure}[hbtp]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.6\linewidth]{fig7.eps}
\caption{The ground truths simulated in scenario 2. Starting and stopping positions are marked with $\circ$ and $\square$, respectively.}
\label{figure7}
\end{figure}
Figs. \ref{figure8}a-\ref{figure8}c plot the average total OSPA$^{(2)}$ (using window length $w=20$ with uniform weights) over 100 time steps and 100 Monte Carlo runs versus the Std of the measurement noise $\sigma_{\mathbf{w}}$, the Poisson mean number of clutters $\mu_{\mathrm{c}}$ and the number of preserved group partitions $M$, respectively. More specifically,
\begin{itemize}
\item Fig. \ref{figure8}a shows the average total OSPA$^{(2)}$ of BP and GTBP versus $\sigma_{\mathbf{w}}$ for $\mu_{\mathrm{c}}=10$ and $M=2$, which increase with the adding of $\sigma_{\mathbf{w}}$, since the target spacing is fixed and the group becomes more and more indistinguishable when increasing $\sigma_{\mathbf{w}}$. Furthermore, GTBP outperforms BP for the reason of jointly inferring the group structure uncertainty.
\item Fig. \ref{figure8}b shows the average total OSPA$^{(2)}$ of BP and GTBP versus $\mu_{\mathrm{c}}$ for $\sigma_{\mathbf{w}}=10$ and $M=2$, which increase slightly as $\mu_{\mathrm{c}}$ increases. The reason may be that the number of false tracks initialized by clutters increases. Furthermore, GTBP obtains better tracking performance than BP for the same reasons analyzed in Fig. \ref{figure8}a.
\item Fig. \ref{figure8}c shows the average total OSPA$^{(2)}$ of GTBP versus $M$ for $\sigma_{\mathbf{w}}=10$ and $\mu_{\mathrm{c}}=10$. The average total OSPA$^{(2)}$ decreases as the number of preserved group partitions $M$ increases, since preserving more group partitions results in a more accurate approximation of the joint posterior pdf and thus leads to further performance improvement.
\end{itemize}
\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.6\linewidth]{fig8.eps}
\caption{The average total OSPA$^{(2)}$ over 100 time steps and 100 Monte Carlo runs. (a): versus $\sigma_{\mathbf{w}}$ for 5 actual targets, $\mu_{\mathrm{c}}=10$ and $M=2$; (b): versus $\mu_{\mathrm{c}}$ for 5 actual targets, $\sigma_{\mathbf{w}}=10$ and $M=2$; (c): versus $M$ for 5 actual targets, $\sigma_{\mathbf{w}}=10$ and $\mu_{\mathrm{c}}=10$.}
\label{figure8}
\end{figure}
Furthermore, to demonstrate the excellent scalability and low complexity of the proposed GTBP method, we investigate how the runtime of GTBP scales in the number of preserved group partitions $M$, the Poisson mean number of clutters $\mu_{\mathrm{c}}$ and the number of actual targets within a group. The simulation is run on a laptop with an Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-10300H 2.50 GHz platform with 8 GB of RAM. Figs. \ref{figure9}a-\ref{figure9}c plot the average runtimes over 100 time steps and 100 Monte Carlo runs versus $M$, $\mu_{\mathrm{c}}$ and the number of actual targets within a group, respectively. The results indicate that the average runtime scales linearly in the number of preserved group partitions, linearly in the number of sensor measurements (which grows linearly with $\mu_{\mathrm{c}}$), and quadratically in the number of actual targets. Thus, GTBP has excellent scalability for GTT. Notably, the average runtime of GTBP is less than 0.1s for 5 actual targets, $M=2$ and $\mu_{\mathrm{c}}=50$, and is nearly 1s for 50 actual targets, $M=2$ and $\mu_{\mathrm{c}}=10$, which confirm that GTBP has a low complexity and it is applicable for the tracking scenarios that include large numbers of clutters and group targets.
\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.6\linewidth]{fig9.eps}
\caption{The average runtimes per time step of GTBP. (a): versus $M$ for 5 actual targets and $\mu_{\mathrm{c}}=10$; (b): versus $\mu_{\mathrm{c}}$ for 5 actual targets and $M=2$; (c): versus the number of actual targets for $M=2$, $\mu_{\mathrm{c}}=10$ and the maximum possible number of PTs set to $N_{\text{max}}=20, 30, \cdots, 60$.}
\label{figure9}
\end{figure}
\section{Conclusion}
In this paper, we focus on the GTT problem, where the targets within groups are closely spaced, and the groups may split and merge. We proposed a scalable GTBP method within the BP framework, which jointly infers target existence variables, group structure, data association and target states. By considering the group structure uncertainty, GTBP can capture the group structure changes such as group splitting and merging. Moreover, the introduction of group structure variables enables seamless and simultaneous tracking of multiple group targets and ungrouped targets. Specifically, the evolution of targets is modeled as the co-action of the group or single-target motions under different group structures. In particular, GTBP has excellent scalability and low complexity that only scales linearly in the numbers of preserved group partitions and sensor measurements, and quadratically in the number of targets. Numerical results verify that GTBP obtains better tracking performance and has excellent scalability in GTT. Future research direction may include the generalization of GTBP to multisensor fusion.
\bibliographystyle{ieeetr}
| ).
\end{align}
\subsubsection{Measurement Update and Belief Calculation}\label{cite_sub}
When the messages $\kappa_k(a_{k}^{(i)})$ are obtained, we can calculate the messages $\gamma_k^{(i)}(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_k^{(i)}, \underline{r}_k^{(i)})$ for the legacy PTs, which are passed from $q(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(i)}, \underline{r}_{k}^{(i)}, a_{k}^{(i)}; \mathbf{z}_{k})$ to $\underline{\mathbf{y}}_k^{(i)}$,
\begin{align}\label{gamma_k}
\begin{split}
\gamma_k^{(i)}(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_k^{(i)}, 1)=\sum_{a_{k}^{(i)}=0}^{m_{k}} q(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(i)}, 1, a_{k}^{(i)}; \mathbf{z}_{k}) \kappa_k(a_{k}^{(i)}),
\end{split}
\end{align}
with $\gamma_k^{(i)}(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_k^{(i)}, 0)=\kappa_k(0)$. As a consequence, the belief $\widetilde{p}(\underline{\mathbf{y}}_{k})=\widetilde{p}(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}, \underline{\mathbf{r}}_{k})$ approximating the marginal posterior pdf $p(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}, \underline{\mathbf{r}}_{k}|\mathbf{z}_{1:k})$ is calculated as
\begin{align}\label{app-pdf}
\begin{split}
\widetilde{p}(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}, \underline{\mathbf{r}}_{k})&=\frac{1}{C(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k})} \alpha_k(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k},\underline{\mathbf{r}}_{k})\prod_{i=1}^{n_{k}}\gamma_k^{(i)}(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_k^{(i)}, \underline{r}_k^{(i)})
\\
&=\frac{1}{C(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k})}\sum_{\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}\in\underline{\mathcal{G}}_{k}}\big(\alpha_k(\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k})\alpha_k(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}, \underline{\mathbf{r}}_{k}|\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k})\prod_{i=1}^{n_{k}}\gamma_k^{(i)}(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_k^{(i)}, \underline{r}_k^{(i)})\big),
\end{split}
\end{align}
where $C(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k})$ is a normalization constant such that $\sum_{\underline{\mathbf{r}}_{k}\in\underline{\mathcal{R}}_{k}}\int\widetilde{p}(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k},\underline{\mathbf{r}}_{k})\mathrm{d}{\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}}=1$.
For the new PTs, the messages $\varsigma_k^{(m)}(\overline{\mathbf{x}}_k^{(m)}, \overline{r}_k^{(m)})$ passed from $v(\overline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(m)}, \overline{r}_{k}^{(m)}, b_{k}^{(m)}; \mathbf{z}_{k}^{(m)})$ to $\overline{\mathbf{y}}_k^{(m)}$ are given by
\begin{align}\label{varsigma}
\begin{split}
\varsigma_k^{(m)}(\overline{\mathbf{x}}_k^{(m)}, 1)&=\sum_{b_{k}^{(m)}=0}^{n_{k}} v(\overline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(m)}, 1, b_{k}^{(m)}; \mathbf{z}_{k}^{(m)}) \iota_k(b_{k}^{(m)})
\\
&=\frac{\mu_{\mathrm{b}}f_{\mathrm{b}}(\overline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(m)})f(\mathbf{z}_{k}^{(m)}| \overline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(m)})}{\mu_{\mathrm{c}}f_{\mathrm{c}}(\mathbf{z}_{k}^{(m)})}\iota_k(0),
\end{split}
\end{align}
with $\varsigma_k^{(m)}(\overline{\mathbf{x}}_k^{(m)}, 0)=\sum_{b_{k}^{(m)}=0}^{n_{k}} \iota_k(b_{k}^{(m)})f_{\mathrm{d}}(\overline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(m)})$. Then, the belief $\widetilde{p}(\overline{\mathbf{y}}_{k}^{(m)})=\widetilde{p}(\overline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(m)}, \overline{r}_{k}^{(m)})$ approximating the marginal posterior pdf $p(\overline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(m)}, \overline{r}_{k}^{(m)}|\mathbf{z}_{1:k})$ is calculated by
\begin{align}\label{new-pt}
\widetilde{p}(\overline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(m)},\overline{r}_{k}^{(m)})&=\frac{1}{C(\overline{\mathbf{x}}_k^{(m)})} \varsigma_k^{(m)}(\overline{\mathbf{x}}_k^{(m)}, \overline{r}_{k}^{(m)}),
\end{align}
where $C(\overline{\mathbf{x}}_k^{(m)})$ is a normalization constant such that $\sum_{\overline{r}_{k}^{(m)}\in\{0,1\}}\int\widetilde{p}(\overline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(m)},\overline{r}_{k}^{(m)})\mathrm{d}{\overline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(m)}}=1$.
Furthermore, the beliefs $\widetilde{p}( \underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k})$ approximating the marginal
posterior pmfs $p(\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}|\mathbf{z}_{1:k})$ are obtained as
\begin{align}\label{pdf-g}
\begin{split}
\widetilde{p}( \underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k})&=\frac{1}{C(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k})}\alpha_k(\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k})\sum_{\underline{\mathbf{r}}_{k}\in\underline{\mathcal{R}}_k}\int\alpha_k(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}, \underline{\mathbf{r}}_{k}|\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k})\prod_{i=1}^{n_{k}}\gamma_k^{(i)}(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_k^{(i)}, \underline{r}_k^{(i)})\mathrm{d}{\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}}.
\end{split}
\end{align}
\subsubsection{Target Declaration, State Estimation and Pruning}
The obtained belief $\widetilde{p}(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}, \underline{\mathbf{r}}_{k})$ can be used for target declaration, state estimation and pruning. Concretely, the beliefs $\widetilde{p}(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(i)},\underline{r}_{k}^{(i)})$ and $\widetilde{p}( \underline{r}_{k}^{(i)})$ approximating the pdf $p(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(i)},\underline{r}_{k}^{(i)}|\mathbf{z}_{1:k})$ and the pmf $p(\underline{r}_{k}^{(i)}|\mathbf{z}_{1:k})$ are derived by
\begin{align*}
\widetilde{p}(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(i)}, \underline{r}_{k}^{(i)})&=\sum_{\underline{\mathbf{r}}_{k}\backslash r_{k}^{(i)}}\int\widetilde{p}(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}, \underline{\mathbf{r}}_{k})\mathrm{d}{(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}\backslash\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(i)})},
\\
\widetilde{p}( \underline{r}_{k}^{(i)})&=\sum_{\underline{\mathbf{r}}_{k}\backslash r_{k}^{(i)}}\int\widetilde{p}(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}, \underline{\mathbf{r}}_{k})\mathrm{d}{\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}}.
\end{align*}
Then, the target declaration can be performed by comparing the existence probability with a given threshold $P_{\mathrm{e}}$, i.e., the legacy PT $\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(i)}$ is confirmed at time $k$ if $\widetilde{p}( \underline{r}_{k}^{(i)}=1)>P_{\mathrm{e}}$. By means of the
minimum mean square error (MMSE) estimator, the state estimation for these PTs are obtained as
\begin{align}\label{mse}
\widehat{\underline{\mathbf{x}}}_{k}^{(i)}=\int\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(i)}\frac{\widetilde{p}(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(i)}, \underline{r}_{k}^{(i)})}{\widetilde{p}( \underline{r}_{k}^{(i)})}\mathrm{d}{\underline{\mathbf{x}}}_{k}^{(i)}.
\end{align}
Analogously, the implementation of the target declaration and the state estimation for the new PTs are the same as for the legacy PTs. Finally, a pruning step is performed to remove unlikely PTs. Specifically, let $P_{\mathrm{pr}}$ be the pruning threshold, and then the PTs with existence beliefs smaller than $P_{\mathrm{pr}}$ are removed, i.e., the legacy PTs with $\widetilde{p}( \underline{r}_{k}^{(i)}=1)<P_{\mathrm{pr}}$ and the new PTs with $\widetilde{p}(\overline{r}_{k}^{(m)}=1)<P_{\mathrm{pr}}$.
\subsection{Computational Complexity and Scalability}\label{sec-scalability}
As a highly efficient and flexible algorithm, BP provides a scalable solution to the data association problem. By exploiting the scalability of BP, we propose a GTBP method for GTT. Under the assumption of a fixed number of BP iterations, we analyze the computational complexity of the proposed GTBP method as follows. Specifically, for the prediction of the group structure, (\ref{alpha-gs}) requires to be calculated $|\underline{\mathcal{G}}_{k}|$ times. That is, its computational complexity scales as $\mathcal{O}(|\underline{\mathcal{G}}_{k}|)$. In the calculation of (\ref{app-pdf}), the computational complexity is linear in the number of group partitions. Furthermore, the computational complexity of (\ref{beta})-(\ref{gamma_k}) scales as $\mathcal{O}(n_km_k)$, where the number of measurements $m_k$ increases linearly with the number of legacy PTs, new PTs and false alarms. Notably, the worst case is that the number of PTs increases up to the maximum possible number of PTs $N_{\text{max}}$. Consequently, the overall computational complexity of GTBP scales linearly in the number of group partitions and quadratically in the number of legacy PTs.
It is worth noting that the computational complexity can be further reduced in different ways, e.g., gating preprocessing of targets and measurements \cite{Mallick2013}, censoring of messages \cite{BP-ETT1} and preserving the $M$-best group partitions, etc. Specifically, gating technology can be used to keep the number of considered group partitions $|\underline{\mathcal{G}}_{k}|$ and the size of iterative data association at a tractable level. Message censoring ignores these messages related to new PTs that are unlikely to be an actual target. Preserving the $M$-best group partitions at each time step reduces the computational complexity of calculating the messages that involve the summation over possible group partitions (e.g., (\ref{alpha-gs}), (\ref{beta}) and (\ref{app-pdf})).
\section{Particle-based GTBP Implementation}
For general nonlinear and non-Gaussian dynamic system, it is not possible to obtain an analytical expression for the integral calculation of the aforementioned messages and beliefs. In this section, we consider an approximate particle implementation of the proposed GTBP method. Assume that the belief $\widetilde{p}(\mathbf{x}_{k-1},\mathbf{r}_{k-1})$ at time $k-1$ is approximated by a set of weighted particles $\{\{(\mathbf{x}_{k-1}^{(i,l)}, w_{k-1}^{(i,l)})\}_{i=1}^{n_k}\}_{l=1}^{L}$, where $L$ is the number of particles. Note that the summarization $\sum_{l=1}^{L}w_{k-1}^{(i,l)}$ provides an approximation of the marginal posterior pmf $p(r_{k-1}^{(i)}=1|\mathbf{z}_{1:k-1})$. Specific calculations of the above messages and beliefs using particles are given as follows.
\subsection{Prediction}
For each possible group partition $\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}\in\underline{\mathcal{G}}_{k}$, an approximation $ \widetilde{\alpha}_k(\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k})$ of the message $\alpha_k(\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k})$ (\ref{pre-gs}) is calculated via the weighted particles,
\begin{align}\label{alpha_g}
\begin{split}
\widetilde{\alpha}_k(\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k})&=\widetilde{C}\prod_{i\in\Lambda_{\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}}}\big(P_0(1-P_0)^{N(\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k})-1}(1-\sum_{l=1}^{L}w_{k-1}^{(i,l)})+\sum_{l=1}^{L}w_{k-1}^{(i,l)}P_{i,\underline{g}_{k}^{(i)}}^{(l)}\prod_{j\in \{1,\ldots,N(\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k})\}\backslash\underline{g}_{k}^{(i)}}(1-P_{i,j}^{(l)})\big),
\end{split}
\end{align}
where $\widetilde{C}$ is a normalization constant such that $\sum_{\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}\in\underline{\mathcal{G}}_{k}}\widetilde{\alpha}_k(\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k})=1$, and $1-\sum_{l=1}^{L}w_{k-1}^{(i,l)}$ provides an approximation
of $\int\widetilde{p}(\mathbf{x}_{k-1}^{(i)},r_{k-1}^{(i)}=0)\mathrm{d}{\mathbf{x}_{k-1}^{(i)}}$. The quantities $P_{i,\underline{g}_{k}^{(i)}}^{(l)}$ are calculated according to (\ref{Pij}) by using the particles $\mathbf{x}_{k-1}^{(i,l)}$, $i\in\Lambda_{\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}}$. Notably, the computation cost of the summarization in (\ref{alpha_g}) increases with the number of particles. As an alternative, one may approximately computing (\ref{alpha_g}) by using the state estimates to reduce the computation, i.e.,
\begin{align}\label{alpha_g_appro}
\begin{split}
\widetilde{\alpha}_k(\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k})&\approx \widetilde{C}\prod_{i\in\Lambda_{\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}}}\big(P_0(1-P_0)^{N(\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k})-1}(1-\sum_{l=1}^{L}w_{k-1}^{(i,l)})+(\sum_{l=1}^{L}w_{k-1}^{(i,l)})\widehat{P}_{i,\underline{g}_{k}^{(i)}}\prod_{j\in \{1,\ldots,N(\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k})\}\backslash\underline{g}_{k}^{(i)}}(1-\widehat{P}_{i,j})\big),
\end{split}
\end{align}
where $\widehat{P}_{i,j}$ are computed by using the state estimates. As described in Subsection \ref{sec-scalability}, we also can apply the $M$-best strategy to further reduce the computational complexity, i.e., preserving the $M$ most likely group partitions and renormalizing the preserved messages $\widetilde{\alpha}_k(\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k})$. To simplify notations, we redefine $\underline{\mathcal{G}}_{k}:=\{1,\ldots,M\}$ as an index set of the preserved group partitions at time $k$, which can be easily implemented by associating each preserved $\underline{\mathbf{g}}_{k}$ with a unique index $g\in\underline{\mathcal{G}}_{k}$. By replacing $\widetilde{p}(\mathbf{x}_{k-1},\mathbf{r}_{k-1})$ in (\ref{alpha1}) with particles, the message $\alpha_k(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}, \underline{\mathbf{r}}_{k}|g)$ under given group partition $g\in\underline{\mathcal{G}}_{k}$ is approximated by
\begin{align*}
\alpha_k(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}, \underline{\mathbf{r}}_{k}|g)\approx\prod_{i=1}^{n_k}\widetilde{\alpha}_k(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(i)}, \underline{r}_{k}^{(i)}|g),
\end{align*}
where $\widetilde{\alpha}_k(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(i)}, 1|g)$ is represented by a set of weighted particles $\{\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(i,l,g)},\underline{w}_{k,*}^{(i,l,g)}\}_{l=1}^{L}$. More specifically, for the PTs belonging to the groups $j\neq0$ in the group partition $g$, the particles $\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(i,l,g)}$ are drawn from the group transition density (\ref{pdf-model}), where the offsets and the virtual leaders are calculated by using corresponding particles at time $k-1$ according to (\ref{offset})-(\ref{vl}). Otherwise, the particles $\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(i,l,g)}$ are drawn from the single-target state transition density in (\ref{sg}). Furthermore, the weight $\underline{w}_{k,*}^{(i,l,g)}$ is updated by
\begin{align}\label{w1}
\underline{w}_{k,*}^{(i,l,g)}=p_{\mathrm{s}}(\mathbf{x}_{k-1}^{(i,l)})w_{k-1}^{(i,l)}.
\end{align}
\subsection{Measurement Evaluation, Update and Belief Calculation}
Next, an approximation $\widetilde{\beta}_k(a_{k}^{(i)})$ of the message $\beta_k(a_{k}^{(i)})$ in (\ref{beta}) can be calculated from the weighted particles $\{\{\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(i,l,g)},\underline{w}_{k,*}^{(i,l,g)}\}_{l=1}^{L}\}_{g=1}^{M}$,
\begin{align}\label{app-beta}
\begin{split}
\widetilde{\beta}_k(a_{k}^{(i)})&= \sum_{g=1}^{M}\widetilde{\alpha}_k(g)\sum_{l=1}^{L}q(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(i,\l,g)}, 1, a_{k}^{(i)}; \mathbf{z}_{k}) \underline{w}_{k,*}^{(i,l,g)}+\mathrm{I}(a_{k}^{(i)})\sum_{g=1}^{M}\widetilde{\alpha}_k(g)(1-\sum_{l=1}^{L}\underline{w}_{k,*}^{(i,l,g)}).
\end{split}
\end{align}
According to (\ref{def-v}) and (\ref{xi}), we have $\xi_k(b_{k}^{(m)})=1$ for $b_{k}^{(m)}\neq0$, and
\begin{align*}
\begin{split}
\xi_k(0)&= \int\frac{\mu_{\mathrm{b}}f_{\mathrm{b}}(\overline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(m)})f(\mathbf{z}_{k}^{(m)}| \overline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(m)})}{\mu_{\mathrm{c}}f_{\mathrm{c}}(\mathbf{z}_{k}^{(m)})}\mathrm{d}{\overline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(m)}}+1,
\end{split}
\end{align*}
which can be approximated by the particles $\{\overline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(m,l)}\}_{l=1}^{L}$ sampled from the prior distribution $f_{\mathrm{b}}(\overline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(m)})$ with weights $\overline{w}_{k,*}^{(m,l)}$, i.e.,
\begin{align}\label{app-xi}
\begin{split}
\widetilde{\xi}_k(0)&= \frac{\mu_{\mathrm{b}}}{\mu_{\mathrm{c}}f_{\mathrm{c}}(\mathbf{z}_{k}^{(m)})}\sum_{l=1}^{L} \overline{w}_{k,*}^{(m,l)}f(\mathbf{z}_{k}^{(m)}| \overline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(m,l)})+1.
\end{split}
\end{align}
The approximate messages $\widetilde{\beta}_k(a_{k}^{(i)})$ and $\widetilde{\xi}_k(b_{k}^{(m)})$ obtained above are substituted
for corresponding messages in the iterative data association step (\ref{message-beta})-(\ref{ini-beta}). After the iterations terminate, approximate messages $\widetilde{\kappa}_k(a_{k}^{(i)})$ and $\widetilde{\iota}_k(b_{k}^{(m)})$ of (\ref{kappa}) and (\ref{iota}) are derived. Then, the approximate messages $\widetilde{\gamma}_k^{(i)}(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_k^{(i)}, \underline{r}_k^{(i)})$ are obtained as
\begin{align}\label{app-gamma}
\begin{split}
\widetilde{\gamma}_k^{(i)}(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_k^{(i)}, 1)&=\sum_{a_{k}^{(i)}=0}^{m_{k}} q(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_{k}^{(i)}, 1, a_{k}^{(i)}; \mathbf{z}_{k}) \widetilde{\kappa}_k(a_{k}^{(i)}),
\end{split}
\end{align}
with $\widetilde{\gamma}_k^{(i)}(\underline{\mathbf{x}}_k^{(i)}, 0)=\widetilde{\kappa}_k(0)$. Then, an approximation of the belief $\widetilde{p}(\ | 5,793 |
The governance, strategy and performance disciplines provide a foundation to define and measure strategies, tactics and progress toward objectives.
Integrating strategy into an overall GRC capability ensures that activities are aligned with risk management, Governance management, legal, finance, IT and culture; and that they are audit-ready.
The role of Governance and Strategy in GRC is<|fim_middle|> people who are not specifically charged with governance and strategy also understand what their colleagues who work in governance and strategy positions actually need. | more than just the "G" in the acronym.
It is essential that those with governance responsibility and strategy responsibilities shape the current and future strategy of the organization.
Ideally these individuals should work together to decide how both governing and management actions and controls are factored into how the organization is designed to reduce the burden on business operators.
Other GRC disciplines play a role in Governance and Strategy.
It is essential that | 82 |
<|fim_middle|> very quick turnaround time, and we really appreciate that support is included in the price. Apto has saved us time and we feel that it is money well spent.
Request a demo of Apto today
See for yourself what all of the excitement is about. | Annie Koch
Stream Capital Partners
Using Apto is so easy, and it's become a habit for us! Apto has saved us time and we feel that it is money well spent.
Can you tell us a little bit about your office and why you decided to use Apto?
Stream Capital Partners is a best-in-class net lease and sale leaseback advisory business built on the foundation of putting our clients' needs first as their trusted advisor.
When we decided we needed a CRM, we began to evaluate platforms and we ended up choosing Apto very quickly. We were familiar with Salesforce, and the commercial real estate overlay Apto provides was exactly what we needed. Price was also a factor, as we found it to be very reasonable. We had buy-in from the entire team, and everyone was committed to using Apto so that we could maximize its capabilities
How has your experience with Apto been?
From the start, we've had a phenomenal experience. We initially did a major data cleanup before importing everything into Apto and the implementation process was very smooth. In the first six months, we reached out to the Apto team a lot. They answered all our questions and also taught us how to add customization ourselves which was extremely helpful and has saved us a lot of time.
Apto makes complete sense for the way our business works. For example, we use it to track our lease assignments. We start with a property, convert it to an assignment, then to a space and finally to a comp after the deal is closed. Our team logs everything in Apto and uses the mobile app as well. We work out of Outlook and use LinkPoint with Apto, which allows us to track emails to any record in Apto and sync all of our contacts.
What would you say to others considering Apto?
We joke that we used to wake up in the middle of the night wondering if we forgot to do something important! But that doesn't happen anymore because we're able to set reminders in Apto and everything is logged. If we need to check that an activity was completed, we check Apto first. It's a great way to stay organized and it doesn't require a lot of effort. Using Apto is so easy, and it's become a habit for us!
The support team is also fantastic and very helpful. They have a | 476 |
Raiders Star Would 'Quit' Football Before Playing for Other Team
Heavy on Raiders
Updated Jun 20, 2021 at 11:00am
Getty Darren Waller, Derek Carr & Hunter Renfrow of the Las Vegas Raiders.
Almost every offseason since Jon Gruden took over the Las Vegas Raiders, Derek Carr has been mentioned in trade rumors. The longtime starting quarterback has been a good soldier and continues to get better, which is a big reason why the team hasn't seriously entertained moving on from him. However, the team might never even get the chance to trade him should the opportunity arise.
Carr has been pretty blunt about the fact that he doesn't ever want to play for a team other than the Raiders. Recently, he took it a step further.
"I'd probably quit football if I had to play for somebody else," Carr said following Tuesday's mandatory minicamp practice. "I am a Raider for my entire life. I'm going to root for one team for the rest of my life – it's the Raiders. So, I just feel that so strong in my heart I don't need a perfect situation … to make things right.
"I'd rather go down with the ship, you know what I'm saying, if I have to."
Carr has made a lot of money in his career. If he retired today, he'd likely be set for life. It's admirable that he is so committed to the Raiders but his comments could put the team in a weird spot should they try to move on in the future.
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Carr Explains His Mentality
QB Derek Carr, WR Bryan Edwards and RB Josh Jacobs Presser – 6.15.21QB Derek Carr, WR Bryan Edwards and RB Josh Jacobs address the media from Intermountain Healthcare Performance Center. Visit Raiders.com for more. #LasVegasRaiders #NFL #RaiderNation Keep up-to-date on all things Raiders: Stay informed: raiders.com/tickets/newsletter Download our app: onel<|fim_middle|> and effort that I can to this organization and when I sign a contract, I completely, in my mind, have to fulfill that. I committed to that. I put my name on paper.
"It's just how I was raised. I'm from Fresno, California. Born in Fresno. My dad worked in the car business, my mom helped with substitute teaching and all different kinds of stuff at the church, so we didn't have a whole bunch of stuff growing up, so I don't need much."
Carr Has More He Wants to Do With Raiders
It certainly feels like Carr has unfinished business with the Raiders. In 2016, he put together a near MVP campaign and led the team to their first playoff appearance since 2002. Unfortunately, his season was cut short when he suffered a brutal leg injury in Week 16 of that season. Carr isn't worried about the outside noise and knows he still has things he wants to accomplish in the silver and black.
"For me, it's more about loyalty, it's more about being the same guy every single day," Carr said. "My goal … was, when I got here, to give everything I have to this organization, let our fans know I'm giving it all I have and I will always continue to do that … whether the situation is great or not, that's OK.
"People can say whatever they want. I know what I've put on film; I know the things I've been able to accomplish, and I still want more. There's still more and I want to do it here. I don't want to do it anywhere else."
READ NEXT: Raiders DE Puts Defense on Blast: 'Our Defense Has Got to Get a Lot Better'
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More Heavy on Raiders News
Derek Carr made it clear what would happen if he didn't have a future with the Las Vegas Raiders. | ink.to/8ykuaj Follow: Twitter.com/Raiders Like: Facebook.com/Raiders Shop at Raider Image: raiderimage.com/ For More Raiders NFL Action: bit.ly/2M3EeKQ Start your…2021-06-15T17:14:23Z
In a perfect world, the Raiders won't even have to think about moving on from Carr. If he continues to get better under Gruden, he could be in for a Pro Bowl year in 2021. With a possible contract extension looming, Carr's commitment to the team could work in their favor.
Loyalty in the NFL isn't as valued as it once was. Just this past offseason, we've seen superstar quarterbacks like Deshaun Watson, Russell Wilson and Aaron Rodgers consider moving on from their teams. Despite only having one winning season since joining the Raiders and not always having the best roster around him, Carr continues to value loyalty.
"I'm that old-school mentality – I'm playing for one team and that's it," Carr said. "Whether we've won enough or not, I literally give every bit of energy | 241 |
We are all instinctively drawn to walk a path within that balance. How many times have you found yourself following a hunch or listening to your conscience? Those who actively walk their sacred path know that these are ways which our own spirit leads us to learn about ourselves.
We each have the power to create the life we live, rather than to just react to a set of circumstances that seem out of control. When we understand the lesson each circumstance offers, we can begin to lead lives that hold prosperity, happiness, learning and most importantly, peace.
Walking one's path is not easy but the sacred path is still there, waiting. We only have to take that first<|fim_middle|>. Silverhand is here to assist you on your path in a positive manner. Understand that he does not see everything, nor does he read minds. For the short amount of time he is talking with you, he only sees what his Council wants to discuss with you at that time. He takes no personal credit for his success, nor do he boast himself a medicine man, a shaman, healer, or prophet. Most of all, he does not claim infallibility. He is no different than those whom he meets with, who have special gifts of their own.
It is GOOD to keep in mind that each of us, regardless of what lies ahead, is in control of our lives.
Thank me for my time if you please but REMEMBER to thank THE CREATOR for your blessings.
As a courtesy to clients, consultations are recorded on a compact disc provided by Silverhand. We are not responsible for failed recording media.
The cost for a 30 minute recorded consultation is $100.00USD. The cost for a 20 minute recorded consultation is $75.00USD. This includes a compact disc recording and shipping & handling charges.
ALL phone consultations must be pre-paid prior to the date of the consultation by postal or bank money order, or you can now conveniently pay by credit card using the links below. "Personal checks are no longer accepted."
For more information or to set up an appointment for a telephone consultation, you can reach us at: Phone 250-739-0357 or click here to contact us online.
Mr. Silverhand conducts private consultations at his office in Nanaimo, BC.
The cost for a 30 minute recorded consultation is $100.00USD, the cost for a 20 minute recorded consultation is $75.00USD (includes compact disc).
For more information or to set up an appointment for a private consultation at his office, you can reach us at: Phone 250-739-0357 or click here to contact us online.
Silverhand reads for clients throughout North and South America, Europe, Asia, Australia and New Zealand.
Please note that we cannot be responsible for failed compact disc recordings. All consultations are electronically recorded as a courtesy to the client. | step to begin a life of personal empowerment.
Silverhand is available for Private Office or Telephone Consultations, Native Reserves through the Band Office or Traditional Health Services, Holistic Fairs and Corporate Events.
Silverhand works with a Spirit Council of Native Elders. It is through them that he receives much of his intuitive guidance. He may see part of your past but only as it relates to the present. He will focus on current situations and advise of what he sees in regard to the future, including warnings and observations. He also interprets dreams and visions you may have had.
Time is included so that you may discuss areas of concern. Make a list of questions you wish to ask prior to your appointment but note that many of these will be answered before you ask. Pictures are not necessary but you may present one of someone you wish to discuss as part of your consultation. Please, no more than three pictures total unless you are booking longer than a half hour.
Most of all, relax | 199 |
Used Chester
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PCP £34995.00 £0.00 £34995.00 £42466.49 £0.00 £0.00 9.9% P.A. 9.9% APR 37 mths £753.09 £753.09 x 35 £15355.25 Apply
2014 14 BMW Z4 2.0 Z4 SDRIVE20I ROADSTER 2d AUTO 181 BHP
M SPORT ROADSTER...... CONVERTIBLE...... NEW ARRIVAL......ALPINE WHITE...... BLACK KANSAS INTERIOR.....BMW PROFESSIONAL RADIO...... 17 INCH ALLOY WHEELS.....HPI CHECK CLEAR.....SPORT AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION...... MEDIA PACKAGE - BMW PROFESSIONAL...... COMFORT PACKAGE - WIND DEFLECTOR..... FRONT AND REAR PARKING SENSORS...... INTERIOR TRIM - BRUSHED ALUMINIUM..... EXTENDED LIGHTING...... RAIN SENSOR AND AUTOMATIC HEADLIGHT ACTIVATION....... BLUETOOTH TELEPHONE PREPARATION........ CONNECTIONS FOR USB AND AUXILIARY AUDIO DEVICES..... STEERING WHEEL MOUNTED CONTROLS.....ELECTRIC MIRRORS..... 2 KEYS.... ANTI LOCK BRAKES..... POWER ASSISTED STEERING..... HEAD RESTRAINTS.... ELECTRIC WINDOWS......REMOTE CENTRAL DOOR LOCKING. 17" light alloy wheels - V spoke style 514, Front/rear park distance control, Wind deflector
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Get the best deal on a used BMW Z4 car for sale in Chester by making your way to Wavertree Car Centre Ltd today. You'll find every available model listed here on the website, and as all our stock is competitively priced you should have no problem sourcing a pre-owned BMW to suit your budget | 568 |
The R/MQ-8 Fire Scout Vertical Takeoff and Landing Tactical Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (VTUAV) system is comprised of ground control stations, up to three MQ-8B Fire Scout air vehicles, and associated control handling and support equipment. The VTUAV system is designed to operate from air-capable ships with initial deployment on the Littoral Combat Ship (LCS) and will provide a significant improvement to organic surveillance capability.
With vehicle endurance greater than five hours, a VTUAV system will be capable of twelve continuous hours of operations providing coverage 110 nautical miles from the launch site. The air vehicle is capable of providing UHF/VHF voice communications relay and has a baseline payload that includes electro-optical/infrared sensors and a laser designator that enables the system to find tactical targets, track and designate targets, accurately provide targeting data to strike platforms and perform battle damage assessment. The air vehicle component of the VTUAV system was designated the MQ-8B to reflect the Fire Scout's evolution toward an increased, multi-functional role. Some of the notable improvements include increased power, fuel, and payload capacity. Additionally, the MQ-8B offers more than double the mission radius and time on station than the prototype VTUAV. The MQ-8B completed first flight in December 2006. When operational, Fire Scout will provide critical situational awareness, intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance, and targeting data to the forward deployed warfighter. The vehicle is based on the Schweizer Aircraft model 330<|fim_middle|> grid and harpoon capture systems. | helicopter.
The program is currently completing EMD (engineering, manufacturing, development), and should begin low rate initial production in FY 07. Fleet introduction is on schedule for FY 08, with full rate production in FY 09 following successful operational evaluation. The current program plan is to provide systems to support LCS Mission Modules. These systems will include air vehicles, mission sensor package payloads, Ground Control Systems, Tactical Common Data Links, UAV Common Automatic Recovery Systems for automatic take-offs and landings, and shipboard | 105 |
The QuikTap SS is the only portable beer keg tap with an all stainless steel pathway. Everything that touches the beer is constructed of SS 304. Hit it with your toughest cleaners and sanitizers to keep your beer tasting great. Note: Refillable CO2 tanks are shipped empty to comply with shipping safety protocols.
An all-in-one solution for portable keg dispensing. For use with European and import style kegs. No assembly required. Includes: - Your choice of S, G, or A system coupler - Adjustable pressure regulator with pressure gauge - (1) 12 oz refillable food grade CO2 tank - All Stainless, Flow-Control faucet (Perlick 650ss) - 12" stainless steel dispensing rod - Standard plastic tap handle - 5-pack replacement Co2 tank o-rings Note: Refillable CO2 tanks are shipped empty to comply with shipping safety protocols.
Cornelius style keg, made from 304 stainless steel, with adjustable CO2 pressure regulator, refillable CO2 tank, easy open top and endless possibilities. The perfect choice for convenient portability! Refillable food-grade CO2 tank will dispense approximately 6 of the 2.5 gallon kegs on one fill. Cheap and easy to fill at your local bulk gas supplier. Note - Refillable CO2 tanks are shipped empty to comply with shipping safety protocols.
Set up for your next event with style and ease with the QuikTap Combo Pak. Comes with everything you need for a professional mobile draft setup. Note: Refillable CO2 tanks are shipped empty to comply with shipping safety protocols.
The QuikTap SS - Tap Pak includes QuikTap SS, an extra 12oz refillable CO2 cylinder, and a 10-pack of replacement o-rings all packed neatly and securely in a customizable carrying case. Note: Refillable CO2 tanks are shipped empty to comply with shipping safety protocols.
The QuikTap SS - European Import Tap Pak comes with everything you need in a convenient carrying case for European and import style kegs. This pak includes your choice of European Import coupler (A,S,G) one QuikTap SS, an extra 12oz refillable CO2 cylinder, and a 10-pack of replacement o-rings. The carrying case has customizable foam inserts with spare room for additional CO2 cylinders, tools, tap handles, or whatever else you need when you're on the go. Note: Refillable CO2 tanks are shipped empty to comply with shipping safety protocols.
Refillable aluminum CO2 cylinder for backup or replacement. Each cylinder can serve approximately 15 gallons at 5-8psi. Features: - Food Grade - 12 oz. capacity - Refillable - 3AL certified Note: Refillable CO2 tanks are shipped empty to comply with shipping safety protocols.
Wheel set for insulated keg cooler fits snug underneath the cooler. This keg cooler dolly makes it easy to move even when fully loaded and helps protect your cooler from being dropped.
Pack everything you need into this convenient carrying case featuring customizable foam inserts. Easily fits one QuikTap, spare C02 cylinders, tap handle, tools, and more.
NEW aluminum 5lb CO2 cylinder with CGA320 valve is a versatile cylinder which is large enough in capacity for multiple uses yet light and very portable. Perfect for events and festivals that you will be pouring multiple kegs.
NEW aluminum 22 cu ft Nitrogen/Argon cylinder with CGA580 valve is a versatile cylinder which is large enough in capacity for multiple uses yet light and very portable. Perfect for nitro coffee, wine and craft beer.
NEW Aluminum 20lb CO2 cylinder with CGA320 valve, carry handle, and installed siphon tube is a versatile cylinder which is large enough in capacity for multiple uses yet light and very portable. Perfect for refilling our 12oz Refillable CO2 Tank with our Fill Station.
Note: CO2 tanks are shipped empty to comply with shipping safety protocols.
Complete cleaning kit with 4" metal pump, 1 liter bottle, brush, faucet wrench and D style American Sanke adapter.
Refill your own cylinders with this easy to use fill station. Connect to your bulk source of Food Grade CO2 with a dip tube. Comes with a digital scale to measure CO2 level. For a how-to video with detailed instructions for refilling your tanks click this link to youtube.
NEW, polished 304 stainless steel, 2.5 gallon Cornelius<|fim_middle|> this product to sanitize your QuikTap after washing with Powdered Brewery Wash using your Cleaning Kit. Wash, rinse, sanitize, repeat. Keep your QuikTap clean!
Industry leading Powdered Brewery Wash (PBW) in a convenient one pound tub. Keeping your QuikTap clean is paramount to it's performance and longevity. We recommend using this product with our Cleaning Kit to clean your QuikTap after each use.
Industry leading Powdered Brewery Wash (PBW) in a convenient, travel size conatainer. Keeping your QuikTap clean is paramount to it's performance and longevity. We recommend using this product with our Cleaning Kit to clean your QuikTap after each use.
Heavy duty faucet brush, single ended, 3/4" diameter. Keep your QuikTap clean!
Haynes Lubri-Film Plus is a heavy duty sanitary lubricant with extended performance, low friction properties. It will not dry, gum up, turn black, or become rancid when left on an application. Haynes food-grade lubricants are specifically designed to meet the unique demands of the brewery industry. Comes in a l ounce tube, a little goes a long way. Keep your moving parts properly lubed!
This brass adapter quickly converts a CO2 regulator into a Nitrogen regulator. | style keg, ready to fill with your favorite beverage. Keg has handles for portability and standard ball lock connections. Need a complete tabletop system? Check out our QuikTap Tabletop Dispenser.
Cleaning adapter for D-system coupler (American Sankey).
Replaces broken and cracked o-rings.
Repairs cylinder to regulator leaks.
Industry leading sanitizer for all of your brewery needs. Use | 81 |
Coastal Enginuity, LLC services ALL brands of ATV's including ATC's, UTV's, side by sides and Quads. We are locally owned and operated, community focused, and provide a broad range of services to our New Hampshire Seacoast customers. Our technician<|fim_middle|> | has over 25 years of industry experience, is a graduate of the Motorcycle Mechanics Institute, and is certified on multiple brands.
Our four wheeler full service includes compression, ignition, and charging system check, inspection of all wear points including cv boots, wheel bearings, tie rods, shocks, tires, drive belts and brakes. We set tire pressure and grease all points. Engine service can include the engine oil, oil filter, air filters, fuel filter (s), and fuel lines. We can change transmission and differential oil. In additon, we make sure that the radiator cooling fins are clear of any debris. We can also mount and balance tires and perform complete engine or transmission rebuilds. Every machine is cleaned and tested prior to pick up or delivery.
Polaris, Honda, Arctic Cat, Kawasaki, Tao-Tao, Kandi, John Deere, Yamaha, Can-Am, Argo, Suzuki and more! | 187 |
Walgreens shifts clinics in South Florida to UHealth
December 14, 201<|fim_middle|> Advocate Health Care. | 6 by Chain Drug Review
DEERFIELD, Ill. — In its latest retail clinic partnership, Walgreens is transitioning 17 Healthcare Clinics in South Florida to the University of Miami Health System (UHealth).
Walgreens also said Wednesday that it will soon open pharmacies at three UHealth facilities and serve as the exclusive retail pharmacy provider.
UHealth will manage and provide all clinical services at Walgreens Healthcare Clinics in 17 of the drug chain's stores in Miami-Dade, Broward and Palm Beach counties. Plans call for the clinics to become part of UHealth in the spring of 2017, at which time they will be renamed UHealth Clinic-University of Miami Health System at Walgreens. Walgreens will manage the clinics until that time.
Walgreens is slated to open a pharmacy at UHealth's Lennar Foundation Medical Center in Coral Gables on Dec. 19, followed by pharmacy openings at the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and the University of Miami Hospital in January. The drug chain also will provide 90-day retail prescription benefits and specialty pharmacy services for university employees and their families.
"Walgreens has been a trusted provider of pharmacy and other health care services to South Florida residents and those within the UM community for decades," Brad Fluegel, senior vice president and chief health care commercial market development officer at Walgreens, said in a statement. "This is a tremendous opportunity to work closely with the UM Health System to help ensure a true continuum of care, with our pharmacists playing an integral role as part of patients' care teams.
"Forming deeper and more collaborative relationships with health systems is one of the ways in which we're responding to the changing needs of both patients and our health care system," according to Fluegel.
Staffed by UHealth nurse practitioners, the UHealth Clinic at Walgreens locations will operate seven days a week, including evenings, giving patients the option to receive a variety of health care services — including treatment of common illnesses and injuries and follow-up care for chronic diseases — with or without an appointment.
"This collaboration is an important step in UHealth's commitment to improving the health of our community and access to our high-quality clinicians," stated Steven Altschuler, chief executive officer of the University of Miami Health System. "We will provide a seamless and integrated health care experience for our patients regardless of where they receive their care across our University of Miami Health System."
Walgreens and the University of Miami Health System also plan to form a joint council to share best practices and experiences to help improve patient care and satisfaction and reduce the cost of care.
"Building from this start, the university and Walgreens intend to explore new approaches to further extend access to routine and specialty care, to improve patient health through enhanced pharmacy services and to utilize innovative ways to reach patients when and where they would benefit," added John Sory, chief executive of the UHealth Regional Alliance.
UHealth's network includes three hospitals plus more than a dozen outpatient facilities in Florida's Miami-Dade, Broward, Palm Beach and Collier counties, with more than 1,200 physicians and scientists.
The collaboration with UHealth marks the second agreement Walgreens has announced this month to shift the operation of its clinics to a health care system. Last week, the drug chain said Aurora Health Care will own and operate eight health clinics in Walgreens stores across eastern Wisconsin.
Earlier this year, in April, Walgreens said that 27 Healthcare Clinics in its stores across the St. Louis region, including four clinics in Illinois, will transition to SSM Health and become a part of the SSM Health Medical Group. And in January, Walgreens announced that it was turning over the operation of 56 Healthcare Clinics at stores in the greater Chicagoland area to | 773 |
1(5)/2018
Tomasz Kubikowski
Richard Schechner receives a honorary degree from the Aleksander Zelwerowicz Theatre Academy in Warsaw, 16.10.2017. Photo: Vova Makovskyi.
Laudatio by Tomasz Kubikowski for awarding the title of Doctor Honoris Causa from the Aleksander Zelwerowicz Theatre Academy in Warsaw to Richard Schechner.
↓ PDF_PL ↓ PDF_EN
Laudatio by Tomasz Kubik<|fim_middle|> with a diagram and scroll through the table sternly ordering everything that has been said, and then move to a lyrical confession. Reading these texts is like riding a roller coaster. This is probably the source of their inspiring power: arduous, intoxicating and safe at the same time. Their formal variability never hides the gaps in reasoning, and suggestive images do not substitute arguments.
The author also appears in these texts, but, again, never as a sage. The seeker can sometimes be funny. Recalling how in order to study the Hindu temple theatre, he had to convert to Hinduism officially, Schechner writes: 'I wonder at the secret spectacle of my Keralan incarnation: a New York man of 42, dressed Indian-style, fretting as only an atheist Jew can over his hypocritical conversion, moving through a crowded temple courtyard', and we can see Woody Allen in this picture. But in this comic figure of an explorer-in-disguise, there are basic questions about the boundaries of the adopted role and about human identity on the deepest, religious level, how the game and the pretence turn into truth and how the rite works even when you do not believe in it. There is seriousness in this non-seriousness; elsewhere sometimes there is pure delight. Studying during the Holy Week the passion play of the Yaqui people in New Mexico, Schechner came across an unfamiliar part of the ceremony, the all-night dancing ad maiorem Dei gloriam without any audience. He wrote frankly: 'I stood there in the cold desert predawn and wept. The Matachinis' art was accomplished; they did not let up because there were no human spectators. Truly they were making a sacrifice, an offering.'
Fun, delight and eventually reflection. To understand human performance, Schechner studied rites and play, he created theatre manifestos, such as his old slogan of 'environmental theatre', and created a training method for actors, such as his late child: the technique of 'rasaboxes'. He tests everything on stage. Having reached the university pension, he wrote an academic textbook in which he tried to pour the fluid, anti-schematic content of his books into the form of a didactic routine. He lived to see the success of his countless students and the Schechner Center in Shanghai. What more can be said about over eighty years of such a wonderfully creative, active, colourful and hard-working life?
There is definitely one more thing. Richard Schechner has been an expert and propagator of Polish theatre for the last half a century. Beginning from Jerzy Grotowski, with whom he collaborated and whose fame he proclaimed—he was a co-editor of the most prominent in the English speaking world vast anthology of texts about this artist, The Grotowski Sourcebook; to all Polish achievements that have been regularly mentioned in TDR for decades, to assistance offered to Polish artists in the USA during the time of martial law in Poland. He has visited Poland many times for almost half a century. Above all, here are his origins.
He wrote in the preface to the Polish edition of Performance Studies: An Introduction: 'My father's family was Polish, though "Schechner" sounds more German than Polish. My theory is that my father's family came to Galicia from Austria. They kept the family name and spoke Polish and Yiddish. ... My father's father left southwestern Poland around the turn of the 20th century. ... The remnants of the Polish part of my family perished in the Shoah. This sense of past is a catastrophe and future threat to my life's work. As Artaud put it, "… the sky can fall on our heads at any moment, and the theatre is there to remind us of that".' He also wrote: 'Beyond Grotowski and Kantor, when I consider Poland, I think of the Black Madonna of Czestochowa (Matka Boska Częstochowska), so close to and yet so far from Hasidism.'
Ladies and Gentlemen, by awarding Richard Schechner with the title of doctor honoris causa of the Academy of Dramatic Art in Warsaw, we appeal to Poland of many nations and religions, open and tolerant. Here, the sky has fallen on our heads many times, and today we are also looking up with anxiety. Schechner writes about the objective power of the ritual, independent of the thoughts of those who complete it. Conducting today this essential academic ritual for the first time, we celebrate a man who does not cease to offer us wisdom he has been seeking and taught how to reconcile art with science, knowledge about theatre with practising it, seriousness with non-seriousness and, let me quote him once again, 'playing and the most serious subjects imaginable.'
Schechner | owski for awarding the title of Doctor Honoris Causa from the Aleksander Zelwerowicz Theatre Academy in Warsaw to Richard Schechner
High Senate, Dear Guests,
Dear Professor,
This is a unique moment in the history of our academy: for the first time, we are awarding an honorary doctorate. For us, this is something new. This is a kind of premiere—we even have new costumes. But it is also a new ritual for us, one that anchors us more deeply in the academic world: we have new vestments for this rite. We have reached yet another station on the road that we have been following for decades, continually looking around and looking at ourselves: are we on the right track, does it lead us in the right direction, or towards a trap?
The interplay of theatre and the academic world is not simple. The resources of the world drama are full of learned pedants, funny doctrinaires, dangerous or pathetic: dottore has never been a role model. In a serious world of science, politics or business, to define something as 'just theatre'— it is by no means a compliment. At the same time, however, these serious spheres long for the beauty, charm and seductive power of theatre. Theatre, on the other hand, wants for being taken seriously (though not too seriously). There are powerful energies, visible and hidden, flowing in both directions: they could be symbolically represented by the horizontal loop of infinity, a variation of the diagram on which Richard Schechner showed the relationship between the stage and life forty years ago and which grew with his name. Founded in 1932 as the State Institute of Theatrical Arts, in the mid-twentieth century it has been recognised as a venue of higher education and at the end of that century – it became an academy. However, we have a deeper relation with the 200-year-old tradition of teaching acting in Warsaw, and when we look at these walls, we will notice that ...
... first, that they play a role. And not only these walls. All the surrounding buildings play the role of old buildings, which ceased to exist in 1944. After the war, their image was recreated on different structures; decorations were built so that we could continue to stage the same art in them, the same drama called Warsaw. And we perform it so successfully that it has become real. Today, we seem to forget that the stage design of our 'make-believe performances' is set within the stage design serving the great 'make-belief performance'. Richard Schechner is the one to teach us how to perceive these both kinds of performance, distinguish one from the other and reflect on their deep relationship.
Let us note, however, that we are in the Collegium Nobilium theatre. Its prototype was created in the mid-18th century when the first college of higher education was established in Warsaw: an elite school for the future top ranking state officers. This theatre was the first building of this complex erected for the occasion. Education, therefore, began in theatre. Why? Why were the serious life roles of politicians, thinkers, journalists, activists, writers, officers and diplomats educated through theatre at a time when professional acting was despised? Today, the study of human behaviour, of some particular feature of human behaviour, called by the mediaeval term 'performance', gives us an answer to this question. In life and on stage, in reality and make-believe, as citizens, scholars, activists, directors, people—we perform. We establish our world, for better or for worse. Today, we can see more precisely than ever for what stands the ancient, stoic metaphor of the world as a theatre, and we can reflect on the extent and the way in which the world is theatre and theatre — the world. Tonight, we have with us a person who we owe it to, and to a large extent.
His merits are so high and so versatile that one needs to take a deep breath even briefly to enumerate them. Director, whose productions have earned their place in any history of the 20th-century theatre. Let's mention, if only as pars pro toto, Dionizos w roku 1969 [Dionysus in '69], since we are slowly reaching the 50th anniversary of its premiere. The founder of the legendary Performance Group, which, apart from its own achievements, later became a backstage for artists and for decades has been defining the directions for Western theatre development. Editor—intermittently for 55 years—of the most serious journal of theatrical explorations: TDR; hence also the chronicler and analyst of the world theatre. Teacher and scholar, Professor of New York University for exactly half a century. Writer—the author of numerous books, with his most famous work (again, as pars pro toto), Teoria performansu [Performance Theory], constantly reprinted as part of book series representing the most significant works of contemporary humanities. Because of all these activities, he is widely recognised as the most important founding father and propagator of performance studies—an interdisciplinary field of research on human behaviour and its cultural expression; reflections on a basic human condition and inclination to establish the world through ourselves and establish ourselves in the world. Today, the notion of 'performative turn' is commonly used in contemporary humanities. Schechner's work has greatly contributed to this turn. Therefore, as perhaps the only figure of today's theatre, he is regularly mentioned among important contemporary philosophers.
Perhaps this is the right way to describe him: a philosopher in the original sense of the word—someone who loves wisdom. Not theoretical, bookish, scientific wisdom, but the entirety of it: as Czesław Miłosz has put it: 'as mobile as the master sapiens homo'. He does not think he has mastered it. He never speaks on its behalf, but he searches for it with his entire self, with all the means that nature and culture, theatre, mind and travel has given him. Hence the unusual colouring of his writing. Within just several sentences, Schechner can shift from impressionistic description to precise, detached discourse illustrated | 1,267 |
What is glutamine and what does it do?
Glutamine is a conditionally essential amino acid naturally found in high protein foods like milk, beef, fish, soybeans, and eggs. Glutamine is a key energy source for the cells lining the digestive tract -- a key barrier to foreign compounds that can make us ill -- and is believed to support healthy immune function through this mechanism. Glutamine is also thought to<|fim_middle|>?
How much glutamine should I take?
The amount found in a single serving (5 g) of R1 Glutamine is sufficient for most people. If your particular goals or needs dictate higher usage, we suggest separating the dosages rather than taking two or more servings at the same time.
I take it with my post workout rule 1 protein shake at night. Felt great in the morning. | increase cell volumizing and blood glucose which could make it an effective companion for creatine.
When are the best times to use glutamine | 27 |
What are the benefits of functional programming? [closed]
What do you think the benefits of functional programming are? And how do they apply to programmers today?
What are the greatest differences between functional programming and OOP?
functional-programming
Bill the Lizard
RayneRayne
closed as not constructive by Bill the Lizard Aug 8 '12 at 19:43
The Blub Paradox. paulgraham.com/avg.html – missingfaktor May 24 '10 at 2:51
See c2.com/cgi/wiki?AdvantagesOfFunctionalProgramming – EliuX Jan 31 '16 at 20:57
The style of functional programming is to describe what you want, rather than how to get it. ie: instead of creating a for-loop with an iterator variable and marching through an array doing something to each cell, you'd say the equivalent of "this label refers to a version of this array where this function has been done on all the elements."
Functional programming moves more basic programming ideas into the compiler, ideas such as list comprehensions and caching.
The biggest benefit of Functional programming is brevity, because code can be more concise. A functional program doesn't create an iterator variable to be the center of a loop, so this and other kinds of overhead are eliminated from your code<|fim_middle|> functional programming in terms of a "need". Instead, think of it as another programming technique that will open up your mind just as OOP, templates, assembly language, etc may have completely changed your way of thinking when (if) you learned them. Ultimately, learning functional programming will make you a better programmer.
Justin EthierJustin Ethier
Its needed for Math =) – never_had_a_name Sep 26 '10 at 16:45
If you don't already know functional programming then learning it gives you more ways to solve problems.
FP is a simple generalization that promotes functions to first class values whereas OOP is for large-scale structuring of code. There is some overlap, however, where OOP design patterns can be represented directly and much more succinctly using first-class functions.
Many languages provide both FP and OOP, including OCaml, C# 3.0 and F#.
Cheers, Jon Harrop.
Jon HarropJon Harrop
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged functional-programming or ask your own question.
Functional, Declarative, and Imperative Programming
To which kind of problem is functional programming well suited?
What is functional programming?
What is tail recursion?
What is a monad?
Does functional programming replace GoF design patterns?
Getting started with Haskell
What is (functional) reactive programming?
Efficiency of purely functional programming
Functional programming vs Object Oriented programming
Is functional GUI programming possible?
Monad in plain English? (For the OOP programmer with no FP background)
How can a time function exist in functional programming? | .
The other major benefit is concurrency, which is easier to do with functional programming because the compiler is taking care of most of the operations which used to require manually setting up state variables (like the iterator in a loop).
Some performance benefits can be seen in the context of a single-processor as well, depending on the way the program is written, because most functional languages and extensions support lazy evaluation. In Haskell you can say "this label represents an array containing all the even numbers". Such an array is infinitely large, but you can ask for the 100,000th element of that array at any moment without having to know--at array initialization time--just what the largest value is you're going to need. The value will be calculated only when you need it, and no further.
Chris WenhamChris Wenham
I feel your first paragraph is closer to describing declarative relational programming like Prolog than functional programming. – McPherrinM May 23 '10 at 18:54
@McPherrinM: functional languages are declarative, instead of imperative. – Lie Ryan Sep 3 '10 at 5:26
Seems you are confusing DP vs. IP, with procedural vs. FP. FP is providing for separation-of-concerns by emphasizing function composition, i.e. separating the dependencies among the subcomputations of a deterministic computation. – Shelby Moore III Dec 8 '11 at 1:32
@LieRyan incorrect. Please see the link in my prior comment – Shelby Moore III Dec 8 '11 at 1:33
Concurrency is having multiple threads which may interact with each other, which is imperative. Doing multiple independent computations at the same time is called parallelism. See en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concurrency_(computer_science) – Lambda Fairy Dec 9 '11 at 1:28
The biggest benefit is that it's not what you're used to. Pick a language like Scheme and learn to solve problems with it, and you'll become a better programmer in languages you already know. It's like learning a second human language. You assume that others are basically a variation on your own because you have nothing to compare it with. Exposure to others, particular ones that aren't related to what you already know, is instructive.
Kirk StrauserKirk Strauser
that's a benefit of learning it, not a benefit of the paradigm itself – Moe Sep 24 '08 at 16:42
But are they really separate? From the standpoint of the original questioner, I would say not - they are most likely looking for benefits in total of spending the effort to learn a functional language. – Kendall Helmstetter Gelner Jan 30 '09 at 7:16
"that's a benefit of learning it, not a benefit of the paradigm itself". The paradigm will leak over into your other OOP work and can help simplify your development there. You can approach problems from a "compute this output from this input" and "compose these two functions that compute new data" instead of "wait---what was the state of some shared variable over there?" and "did I get these procedures to execute in the correct order?". Seriously, you get these benefits (from understand the FP paradigm) in Python, C#, C++, Java, you name it. – Jared Updike Nov 9 '09 at 19:35
Why Functional Programming Matters
http://www.cs.kent.ac.uk/people/staff/dat/miranda/whyfp90.pdf
Robert Harvey♦Robert Harvey
A good starting point therefore would be to try to understand some things that are not possible in imperative languages but possible in functional languages.
If you're talking about computability, there is of course nothing that is possible in functional but not imperative programming (or vice versa).
The point of different programming paradigms isn't to make things possible that weren't possible before, it's to make things easy that were hard before.
Functional programming aims to let you more easily write programs that are concise, bug-free and parallelizable.
sepp2ksepp2k
It doesn't have to be one or the other: using a language like C#3.0 allows you to mix the best elements of each. OO can be used for the large scale structure at class level and above, Functional style for the small scale structure at method level.
Using the Functional style allows code to be written that declares its intent clearly, without being mixed up with control flow statements, etc. Because of the principles like side-effect free programming, it is much easier to reason about code, and check its correctness.
Samuel JackSamuel Jack
I think the most practical example of the need for functional programming is concurrency - functional programs are naturally thread safe and given the rise of multi core hardware this is of uttermost importance.
Functional programming also increases the modularity - you can often see methods/functions in imperative that are far too long - you'll almost never see a function more than a couple of lines long. And since everything is decoupled - re-usability is much improved and unit testing is very very easy.
Bozhidar BatsovBozhidar Batsov
Once the program grows, the number of commands in our vocabulary becomes too high, making it very difficult to use. This is where object-oriented programming makes our life easier, because it allows us to organize our commands in a better way. We can associate all commands that involve customer with some customer entity (a class), which makes the description a lot clearer. However, the program is still a sequence of commands specifying how it should proceed.
Functional programming provides a completely different way of extending the vocabulary. Not limited to adding new primitive commands; we can also add new control structures–primitives that specify how we can put commands together to create a program. In imperative languages, we were able to compose commands in a sequence or using a limited number of built in constructs such as loops, but if you look at typical programs, you'll still see many recurring structures; common ways of combining commands
Soner GönülSoner Gönül
Do not think of | 1,280 |
The Tillys
Posted on November 25, 2018 By adminPosted in Weekly report
Jennifer Tilly, older sister, poker player, bride of Chucky and oscar nominated actress.
Meg Tilly, younger sister, writer, bride of Colin and oscar nominated actress.
The Big Chill (1983)
Described to me one time as a bunch of friends that meet up after a funeral to smoke weed. Well, it wasn't wrong I guess, but the seemingly simple premise has a lot more weight to it<|fim_middle|> Fabulous Baker Boys (1989)
Fine. It's fine.
Nominated for Best Actress in a Leading Role (Michelle Pfeiffer), Best Cinematography, Best Film Editing and Best Music, Original Score in 1990.
Bullets Over Broadway (1994)
Just a joy to watch. The character arcs are hilarious, especially Chazz Palminteri as the gangster who turns into an artist. The camera work is really clever, with some perfect timed zooms for comedic effect.
Winner of Best Actress in a Supporting Role (Dianne Wiest) in 1995. Nominated for Best Actor in a Supporting Role (Chazz Palminteri), Best Actress in a Supporting Role (Jennifer Tilly), Best Director, Best Writing, Screenplay Written Directly for the Screen, Best Art Direction-Set Decoration and Best Costume Design.
I could not stand this. Maybe this is great for children for all I know, but I could not stop thinking about Home Alone 3 for some reason. That cannot possibly be a good sign.
Nominated for Best Effects, Visual Effects in 2000. | than that. Excellent cast playing fleshed out characters due to a well written script makes this a treat.
Nominated for Best Picture, Best Actress in a Supporting Role (Glenn Close) and Best Writing, Screenplay Written Directly for the Screen in 1984.
Agnes of God (1985)
It held my interest, but in the end it felt rather uneventful, mostly because of bland direction. Good performances, though.
Nominated for Best Actress in a Leading Role (Anne Bancroft), Best Actress in a Supporting Role (Meg Tilly) and Best Music, Original Score in 1986.
The | 134 |
In Love and War, titulada en castellano En el amor y en la guerra en España, De amor y de guerra en Argentina y Pasión de guerra en México, es una película dramática estrenada el 18 de diciembre de 1996 en Estados Unidos, el 1<|fim_middle|>oke en el estado de Canadá. Así mismo el equipo de rodaje se trasladó a los Shepperton Studios, en Reino Unido.
Recepción
Respuesta crítica
Según la página de Internet Rotten Tomatoes obtuvo un 12% de comentarios positivos. Luanne Brown comentó que: "no es tan mala como te esperas. Buena para un día de lluvia". Jon Niccum definió la película como "aburrida y artificial".
Taquilla
Estrenada en 1.610 cines estadounidenses debutó en segunda posición con 5 millones de dólares, con una media por sala de 3.409 dólares, por delante de Beverly Hills Ninja y por detrás de Jerry Maguire. Recaudó en Estados Unidos 14 millones. Sumando las recaudaciones internacionales la cifra asciende a 25 millones. Se desconoce cual fue el presupuesto estimado invertido en la producción.
Referencias
Enlaces externos
Tráiler (en inglés)
Películas dramáticas de Estados Unidos
Películas dramáticas de los años 1990
Películas románticas
Películas biográficas
Ernest Hemingway
Películas sobre la Primera Guerra Mundial
Películas rodadas en el Reino Unido
Películas rodadas en Italia | 0 de abril de 1997 en España, el 21 de noviembre de 1997 en México y el 25 de junio de 1998 en Argentina. Protagonizada por Sandra Bullock y Chris O'Donnell. Dirigida por Richard Attenborough.
Argumento
Narra la relación establecida, durante la I Guerra Mundial en Italia entre un joven reportero y conductor de ambulancias llamado Ernest Hemingway (Chris O'Donnell), herido en una pierna en una de las numerosas batallas de dicha guerra, y la enfermera de la Cruz Roja, Agnes Von Kurowsky (Sandra Bullock) que le cuidó en el hospital y se encargó de su rehabilitación, empezando a sentir algo por él.
Hemingway haciendo numerosos sacrificios para mantener su relación en secreto, ya que sería mal vista, al ser la enfermera bastante mayor que él. El amor es mutuo, pero Kuwosky se reserva sus sentimientos y cuando Hemingway le pide matrimonio ella acepta. Sin embargo Hemingway regresa a los EE. UU. Cuando el tiempo pasa después de que Ernest haya ido al frente, Agnes se convierte en la prometida de un rico y prestigioso médico, aunque todavía no ha olvidado sus sentimientos por el joven.
Esta desilusión amorosa marca de por vida al joven escritor.
Reparto
Sandra Bullock como Agnes Von Kurowsky.
Chris O'Donnell como Ernest Hemingway.
Mackenzie Astin como Henry Villard.
Emilio Bonucci como Dr. Domenico Caracciolo.
Producción
Se rodó entre el 22 de mayo y el 9 de agosto de 1996. Se filmó en diversas localizaciones de Italia como Venecia, Bassano del Grappa y Vittorio Veneto; también se filmaron escenas en Montreal, Montebello y Sherbro | 439 |
Home<|fim_middle|>pe, people's supermarket
Apple Festivities at St Fagans
Eating local | > Food > Siop y Bobl: Cardiff's People's Supermarket
Siop y Bobl: Cardiff's People's Supermarket
Siop y Bobl has a core group of 6 people behind the scenes and are looking to become a registered business by Christmas. They are also looking for a premises in Cardiff with space and good transport links as well as more people to get involved with moving the project forwards.
Find out more and get involved via Facebook and Twitter.
Siop y Bobl beat Blasus (Delicious) and Broccoli to name the shop based on the London People's Supermarket featured in a Channel 4 documentary.
Deri Reed, the Ethical Chef, was inspired by the volunteer run supermarket and wanted to try it in Cardiff. The project now has support from the Wales Co-operative Centre and over 300 people interested.
"There's no doubt that the current food system needs improving," says Gwion Thorpe, project leader. "Despite the growth of farmers' markets, box schemes and community food enterprises in Cardiff, the big multiples continue to dominate."
He says Siop y Bobl will give people more choice; "Ultimately it's a People's Supermarket to meet the needs of its members and the local community."
Organisers are looking for more people to get involved.
In-Depth: Multiculturalism all on one plate
In depth: Cardiff's street food scene
Meaty menu courts controversy
Cardiff's number one reason to eat meat
deri reed, ethical chef, gwion thor | 316 |
Banks instructed to clear pending vigilance cases against officials, says Nirmala Sitharaman
December 29, 2019 Thomas against, Bank's, cases, clear, instructed, Nirmala, officials, pending, says, Sitharaman, to, vigilance
FM moves to assuage bankers' concerns, improve their confidence
The Government on Saturday brought together the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) and Public Sector Banks' chief executives on the same platform as part of an effort to address the concerns, which are stopping bankers from taking bonafide credit decisions.
At<|fim_middle|> with annual turnover of over Rs 50 crore will have to mandatorily from January 1 provide the facility of payment through RuPay debit card and UPI QR code to their customers.
At today's review meeting, the Finance Minister launched 'ebikre' portal for online auction of assets attached by banks. This platform, which is now mandatory for PSBs, is likely to be extended to private sector banks in the coming days, said Finance Secretary Rajiv Kumar.
Today's review meeting was attended by top bankers including SBI Chairman Rajnish Kumar and PNB Managing Director & CEO SS Mallikarjuna Rao
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← How an emotionally intelligent mindset can define your career
GATE 2020 admit card out, check direct link here → | a review meeting with PSBs chaired by Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman, it was also decided that CBI would in the coming days hold meetings and workshops with bank officials at the general manager level and vigilance officers to sensitise them about the practices adopted by the investigation agency.
"Some of the misgivings the bankers had in their minds have been explained by the CBI director himself. In the coming days CBI together with banks will have detailed discussions and workshops so that they (CBI) can explain", Sitharaman told reporters after the review meeting here.
Going forward, the finance minister also plans to bring the enforcement directorate, income tax department, customs and DRI officials before the bank chiefs so that the bankers' concerns are thrashed out and economic activity is not stifled by absence of credit decision making.
The latest Government move is significant as it is widely believed that the current economic slowdown—Indian GDP recorded lowest quarterly growth in six years of 4.5 per cent in Q2—is both an outcome of demand slowdown and bankers' reluctance to make credit decisions owing to fear of the 3Cs—CBI, Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG) and Central Vigilance Commission (CVC).
Sitharaman also asserted that no case around a bank employee's culpability goes to CBI without an internal committee of the bank looking at it and recommending it to the RBI and then passing it on to the investigative agency.
"No case whatsoever involving the banks goes to the CBI without the banks themselves sending it to CBI. There is no suo-moto case which CBI takes against a bank. Let us be clear on this", she added.
Cases which get referred to CBI pass through the institutional mechanism prevailing in a bank and it is only through that mechanism it comes to CBI.
Pending vigilance cases
Sitharaman also directed the PSBs to form committees at the level of general managers to look into all pending vigilance cases against employees and take a call as to whether they should be pursued or closed.
The Committee of general managers will be empowered to take this decision and the aim is to ensure that such cases do not remain unattended for years, causing anguish to employees, she said.
"There have been instances where the employees concerned would have retired and gone away. Due justice is not done for anybody involved in such cases that remain unattended", Sitharaman added.
At today's meeting, CBI Director Rishi Kumar Shukla is understood to have brought to the attention of the Finance Minister that over several years, there has been an accumulation of vigilance cases within the banks which they(banks) have to take a call on. "They (banks) have kept it as it is without closing them or taking any action", she said.
Sitharaman also directed banks not to sit on cases involving the employee which could be handled through departmental actions itself. "If they (banks)are not doing it, they should now do it where possible", she said.
At today's review meeting, the Finance Minister also looked at steps being taken for enhancing digital transactions.
A budget announcement of exempting certain modes of digital payments from Merchant Discount Rate(MDR) will be implemented from January 1.
The relevant notification will be issued by the revenue department. Come January 1, all transactions done by customers through Rupay and UPI (QR code) will not attract merchant discount rate. Also, business establishments | 708 |
Seeing in the Dark: Distinctive Voices in Nordic Noir
Readers of Phantom likely concluded that Jo<|fim_middle|> druggy-jazzy set pieces are pandering and heavy-handed. (The structural problems also come from the script.) And visually, it's a poky little production, awkwardly pasted together – you don't have to be a technical expert to see it. The difference between Kill Your Darlings and a run-of-the-mill bad movie from a freshman director is that Krokidas has really interesting ideas; he just doesn't know how to execute them yet. But Daniel Radcliffe does: his performance, which is crystal clear in every scene, gets to the emotional core of what Krokidas as a writer-director can't express. He keeps you watching.
Labels: Amanda Shubert, Film
A Note on Acting Categories
I'm continually surprised during award season to observe which actors land in the categories of leading actor and actress and which are consigned to the ranks of supporting players. In the era of the big Hollywood studios – the Academy Awards were first handed out in the late 1920s – the dividing lines were easily drawn: if your name appeared above the title of a movie (either in the credits or on billboards) you were eligible for a Best Actor or Actress nomination and if it fell below you weren't. Since most A-list pictures were vehicles for established stars, there wasn't much room for argument. The only actors who tended to be ignored were children, who only occasionally garnered nominations and then only in supporting categories, however large their actual roles. (The Academy usually covered their contributions with specially constructed pint-sized statuettes.)
Intelligence and Helix: New Science Fiction TV for 2014
A scene from Helix, now airing on the SyFy Channel
For the television audience, January sometimes brings some belated Christmas presents. TV's mid-season is no longer the place where networks dump the shows not quite good enough for September, and cable networks never really much cared about the old schedules anyway. This past week, two new science fiction dramas premiered: Intelligence (CBS/CTV) and Helix (Syfy). Both shows boast some familiar faces in front of and behind the camera, but whereas the former feels uninspired and derivative, the latter shows some real promise in its early episodes.
Seeing in the Dark: Distinctive Voices in Nordic N...
When Ordinary People Come to Terms with the Extrao...
Portrait of the Artist as a Young Sensualist: Kill...
Intelligence and Helix: New Science Fiction TV for... | Nesbo decided to end the high octane series with its brilliant but flawed detective, Harry Hole, given its grim ending. After all, the author revealed that "Harry will not have eternal life, that he will not rise from the dead." But with the publication of Police (Random House, 2013), the tenth Harry Hole novel, Nesbo seems to have changed his mind - or has he? At the outset, the maverick Hole is not present unless he is that closely-guarded patient in a coma. To follow what transpires in this densely-plotted and disturbing thriller, the reader must read the previous novel first: the plots, characters and themes that coursed through that book are present in Police. For almost half of this intricately-plotted story, without Harry's leadership, an elite and covert group of specialists are secretly working to put the pieces together and catch a serial killer who lures a police detective on the anniversary to the scene of the very crime the officer investigated but failed to solve. There, the unsuspecting officer is gruesomely dispatched in a manner similar to that of the victim of the unsolved crime. Removing Harry from the action may be a risk but it allows Nesbo to furnish incisive character studies of the ensemble players who have always languished in his shadow – secondary figures like Beate Lonn, the brilliant head of forensics, who has the uncanny ability to never forget a face, and Stale Aune, the mild-mannered psychologist who misses the adrenaline rush of helping hunt down Harry's monstrous criminals.
Goin' South: Blackie & the Rodeo Kings' SOUTH
Goin' South is something we northerners think about all the time. Sure, we head up north to the cottage in the summertime. We like to sit on the dock, dangle our feet in the cool water, maybe drop a line in or do a little canoeing but when the snow comes it's all about south. Musicians in Canada have been thinking about the south forever. South is where you need to make it. South is where all the influences come from. Even if we're influenced by Neil Young or Joni Mitchell we had to watch them travel to California before we paid them much attention. The Band had four Canadians and it was the lone southerner who had the biggest impact on their sound. I mention The Band because they are the group people point to as the precursor to Blackie & the Rodeo Kings whose new CD came out this week. It's called SOUTH and you can hear echoes of The Band in the title track. The ragged but spot on harmonies, the organ, the solid bass and lots of guitar. However don't think that B&RK is just a copy of Levon's old group!
Labels: David Kidney, Music
Time Killer: HBO's True Detective
Matthew McConaughey and Woody Harrelson in True Detective.
Knowledgeable TV watchers inked True Detective in as the first cultural event of the year as soon as news of it began to filter out last spring. In an industry where it's unusual for even ambitious series to have just a few people at the helm insuring unity of personal vision and style, the series was conceived by the novelist Nic Pizzolatto, who also wrote all eight episodes, all of which were directed by Cary Joji Fukunaga. (Fukunaga previously made the fine 2011 feature adaptation of Jane Eyre.) The main characters, a mismatched pair of police detectives working a homicide case in Louisiana in the mid-80s, are played by a couple of movie stars: Matthew McConaughey and Woody Harrelson.
Even now that the barriers that used to separate movie and TV careers have eroded, it's unusual to see a couple of big names as successful and adventurous as these two agreeing to headline a weekly TV show, and McConaughey and Harrelson won't be sweating out the wait to see if the series gets renewed; like Ryan Murphy's conceptually audacious (albeit deranged) American Horror Story, this is an anthology series, designed to tell one story over the course of a season, then return to tell a different one, with a different set of characters, in the same basic genre. This ought to be a good way to attract talented people who are reluctant to tie themselves to a regular TV schedule (although Murphy has made a fetish of bringing back certain actors, from season to season, in different roles); it's also a smart way to get past what's always been the great creative trap of American series TV, which has demanded that creators keep drawing their stories out past the point of dramatic tension and common sense for as long as it remains profitable to keep their shows on the air, instead of thinking in terms of stories with a beginning, a middle, and an end. Everything about True Detective sounds great in theory. And to a degree that I don't remember seeing on American TV before, that's just what it is: a show that's absolutely bursting with pride at how great it is in theory.
When Ordinary People Come to Terms with the Extraordinary: Revisiting David Lynch's The Straight Story (1999)
Richard Farnsworth in The Straight Story
As I watched Alexander Payne's new film, Nebraska, in which Bruce Dern plays Woody, a craggy old man banking his final hopes on some junk mail scam that promises him a million dollars if he hoofs it to Billings, Montana to collect it, the picture's plainness left me with a bad case of sensory deprivation. I bailed some thirty minutes in. The smallness of the characters and Payne's need to italicize every irony didn't leave me quite as steamed as his Martian take on family life did in his last movie, The Descendants, but (despite the fine performance here by Dern), the journey undertaken in Nebraska sets up an inevitable ending before we even arrive there. So, following Woody's example, I sought fortune elsewhere and fled the theatre. And I began thinking back to another, somewhat similar road movie that has continued to cast its elliptical spell over me like some fairy tale recovered again years later in my grandparent's treasure chest. David Lynch's The Straight Story (1999) is a straight-forward account of one man's journey to seek closure towards the end of his life, but it's by no means simple. This lovely, poignant tale of a stubborn coot who wishes to mend his fractured relationship with his brother – and the world – before he dies examines what happens when ordinary people come to terms with the extraordinary.
Portrait of the Artist as a Young Sensualist: Kill Your Darlings
Dane DeHaan & Daniel Radcliffe in Kill Your Darlings
In Kill Your Darlings, John Krokidas' feature film debut, Daniel Radcliffe plays the young Allen Ginsberg, whose friendship with the charismatic daredevil Lucien Carr (Dane DeHaan) during his first year at Columbia University represents his artistic and sexual coming-of-age. Krokidas, who also co-wrote the screenplay with first-timer Austin Bunn, has taken the true story of Lucien Carr's role in the formation of the New York City Beat Generation – he was a sort of ringleader and muse for Ginsberg, Jack Kerouac and William S. Burroughs – and his grisly murder of his gay stalker David Kammerer, and refracted it all through Ginsberg's perspective. Krokidas doesn't have the directorial chops to make this movie work. It meanders and drifts, coming in and out of focus, and its glazed | 1,581 |
Q: WPF DataGrid columns alternating coloring How can I make columns coloring in DataGrid if I also want use AlternatingRowBackground property?
I have<|fim_middle|> </Style.Triggers>
</Style>
</DataGridTextColumn.ElementStyle>
</DataGridTextColumn>
</DataGrid.Columns>
</DataGrid>
| some ideas, but it doesn't work :(.
<de:DataGrid Name="dataGrid1"
AlternationCount="2"
AlternatingRowBackground="Salmon"
>
<de:DataGrid.Columns>
<de:DataGridTextColumn Binding="{Binding Path=Phrase}"
Header="Phrase">
<de:DataGridTextColumn.ElementStyle>
<Style TargetType="{x:Type TextBlock}">
<Style.Triggers>
<Trigger Property="ItemsControl.AlternationIndex" Value="0">
<Setter Property="Background" Value="Green"></Setter>
</Trigger>
<Trigger Property="ItemsControl.AlternationIndex" Value="1">
<Setter Property="Background" Value="Red"></Setter>
</Trigger>
</Style.Triggers>
</Style>
</de:DataGridTextColumn.ElementStyle>
</de:DataGridTextColumn>
</de:DataGrid.Columns>
</de:DataGrid>
Maybe somebody knows working solution? Thanks.
A: You are searching AlternationIndex property in the wrong control. This property belongs to DataGridRow.
<DataGrid ItemsSource="{Binding}" AlternationCount="2" AutoGenerateColumns="False" AlternatingRowBackground="Salmon">
<DataGrid.Columns>
<DataGridTextColumn Binding="{Binding Path=Phrase}" Header="Phrase">
<DataGridTextColumn.ElementStyle>
<Style TargetType="{x:Type TextBlock}">
<Style.Triggers>
<DataTrigger Binding="{Binding AlternationIndex, RelativeSource={RelativeSource AncestorType=DataGridRow}}" Value="0">
<Setter Property="Background" Value="Green"></Setter>
</DataTrigger>
<DataTrigger Binding="{Binding AlternationIndex, RelativeSource={RelativeSource AncestorType=DataGridRow}}" Value="1">
<Setter Property="Background" Value="Red"></Setter>
</DataTrigger>
| 407 |
I'm Back (to Real Life)!!
Has it been a month? How time flies when you're havin' fun!!! It's been a whole month of cool (cold) weather, wildlife galore, magnificent views, quaint towns, glaciers to die<|fim_middle|> it's a real mess ! | for and food – a great deal of food. Months of planning this dream trip of a lifetime had definitely come to fruition and I couldn't ask for a better R&R!
That's homecoming-Philippine style, my friends. Four flights sharing 2 carousels! Ridiculous, I know, but nothing can dampen my spirits from an exhilarating experience that just went too fast.
But before anything else, allow me to soak in the beauty of this amazing world of ours. Can't wait to share what I saw with you, after I sort out the pixes. Photo sorting is dirty business you know but hop on anytime and join me in my North American journey. It was worth my while and I hope it will be worth yours too.
wow. i will definitely anticipate your future posts. welcome home.
Hi..Thanks for your comment on my post.
Nice post here…Welcome back home.
If it comforts you, that happens in other countries too ! sometimes | 199 |
Michigan Data Science Fellows Application
The Michigan Data Science Fellows (DS Fellows) Program provides outstanding young researchers with intensive data science experience as they ready themselves for independent research and faculty positions. In addition, they will develop collaborative relationships with other Fellows in the program and within the University of Michigan (U-M) data science community.
As data increasingly permeates every field of research, strong skills in data science methodology and applications are a prerequisite for responsible research and Big Data's positive societal impact. As the major component of U-M's Data Science Initiative, MIDAS is dedicated to building a data<|fim_middle|>.
The expected start date is Sept. 1, 2020, negotiable for special cases.
The University of Michigan is committed to a policy of equal opportunity for all persons and does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, marital status, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression, disability, religion, height, weight, or veteran status in employment, educational programs and activities, and admissions.
For questions about this application, please contact midas-research@umich.edu | science research community and external partnerships, advancing innovative and responsible data science, and establishing a data science education pipeline. The DS Fellows Program accepts young researchers who have a strong track record of research in their respective fields and who plan to acquire additional skills in data science, broadly construed, with a focus on either methodology or applications (including societal impact). While in the program, Fellows will be expected to work at the boundaries between data science methods and domain sciences in an intellectually vibrant environment, and build interdisciplinary relationship with other Fellows and over 280 MIDAS affiliate faculty. They are expected to be strong candidates for university faculty and other research positions when they leave the program.
DS Fellows will also be expected to contribute to the U-M data science community. They will be expected to interact with the U-M data science community through research presentations and other events. Based on their career plans, they may choose to interact with data science graduate and undergraduate students through mentoring. The Fellows will be allocated office space at MIDAS so that they can build their own network and enhance the interdisciplinary reach of MIDAS.
Fellows will receive a stipend of $70,000 per year plus benefits. They will also receive an allocation of $10,000 per year for research and conference travel expenses. Appointments will be for 24 months.
Eligibility: Applicants must be outstanding, intellectually curious researchers who will be ready to pursue independent research positions after two years in the program. They should have a doctorate in a related area before the expected start date of their fellowship. They should not yet have a faculty position/offer. Collaboration experience and strong communication skills will be viewed favorably. We recognize that strength comes through diversity and actively seek and welcome people with diverse backgrounds, experiences, and identities.
Individuals already at U-M are also eligible to apply. In their research statement they should indicate how their work during the fellowship will differ from their current work at U-M. Their current research mentor(s) may not serve as sponsor(s) on the fellowship application.
Faculty Sponsors. Each Fellow must identify on the application form two MIDAS affiliate faculty as sponsors. Preferably, one sponsor is from a methodological discipline and one is from an application discipline. One of the sponsors should be identified as the primary sponsor. Some applicants may not know faculty in multiple disciplines at U-M, in which case the primary sponsor can help locate a suitable second sponsor. Working together with MIDAS, the sponsors are expected to provide career guidance to the Fellows, meet with them regularly to assess research progress, help the Fellows seek opportunities for career advancement, and support the Fellows program in other ways.
Application Information:
Applications MUST be submitted through our online application. Application materials received via e-mail will not be considered.
Your application materials should include:
A CV.
A Research Statement that includes 1) the proposed data science research, including its importance and potential impact; 2) the applicant's career plan and how this Fellowship will benefit the plan; and 3) qualifications that make the applicant particularly suitable for this program.
Names of two faculty sponsors at U-M. Each sponsor should provide a Letter of Support. See the "Faculty Sponsors" section above.
Names and contact information for two or three additional references.
Bipolar Research Fellow. In addition to the call above, which is open to all aspects of Data Science, we also seek applicants for one directed fellowship, funded by the Heinz C. Prechter Bipolar Research Program, to develop and use Data Science methods to study the longitudinal course of the illness in people who are diagnosed with Bipolar Disorder. The Prechter Bipolar Research group works to discover the fundamental biological changes that cause Bipolar Disorder and develops new interventions to treat and prevent the illness. Applicants for this directed fellowship do not need to identify faculty sponsors, but all other requirements in this document apply.
Applications for the 2020 cohort are currently under review.
Notifications will start on April 15 | 816 |
Every service at Alpine Bible Church is comprised of two primary elements: inspiring worship and a life-changing message. Our atmosphere is relaxed and our focus is on Jesus. We want you to know exactly what you can expect so you will feel comfortable when you visit for the first time. We look forward to seeing you!
Finding something to wear to ABC should be easy. We want you to wear whatever makes you feel comfortable. Usually what people wear on Sunday is the same style of clothing they wear Monday-Saturday. We really want you to<|fim_middle|> and say "hello" to everyone you see, go for it! We want to provide a relaxing and enjoyable environment for you to learn more about God. | come as yourself!
We offer two services on Sunday Morning. Please choose the time that best accommodates your family. The first service starts at 10:00am and the second begins at 11:30am. Each service lasts for approximately one hour and five minutes.
Don't worry about what to do with your children on Sunday morning. We have it covered! Every Sunday we offer special kids classes for children under the age of 12. Each class is tailored to engage your child in a memorable and enjoyable way as they learn about God with their peers. If you as a parent or guardian feel comfortable, your kids are welcome to try out the class for their age group. Parents are given a number for their child and will be paged if they are needed. Every volunteer in our church has had a background check because we take the safety and well-being of our children very seriously.
Will I be singled out or asked to come to the front?
NO WAY! We would never want to embarrass anyone. It isn't easy going to a new place for the first time. We want you to enjoy your time with us. If you want to sneak in and hide, do it! If you want to sit up front | 251 |
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Tag Archives: efficientdynamics
A Burst of News – Hot Supercar Designs, Toyobaru Revealed, an electric Audi and a new Porsche 928?
Welcome one and all to another burst of automotive news, straight from the broken faucet of the Internet and into your unsuspectingly open eyes!
Let's start off with something sexy. Over the last couple of weeks, no fewer than three boner-inducing artist's concepts have appeared for potential supercars from<|fim_middle|>Photo Gallery: 2010 New York Auto Show
New York Auto Show – Thoughts and Judgements (Oh So Much Judgement)
The New York Times – Autos
College Cars Online · Car reviews, news, information, spy photos, and more | some of the world's foremost makers of excitiong cars. Now, unfortunately, none of these are anywhere near cleared for production – they're just artistic visions of potential supercars. But at least we can imagine ourselves in them – which is all most of us would be doing if they were real, anyway.
First up is a concept for a successor to the former fastest car in the world, the McLaren F1. McLaren recently unveiled their first all-new car since the F1; named the MP4-12C, it's designed to fight in the highly competitive supercar middleweight category, against such Worthy Opponents as the Ferrari 458 Italia, the Porsche 911 Turbo/GT2, the Audi R8 5.2, the successor to the Lamborghini Gallardo, and Stephen Colbert.
McLaren has stated the MP4-12C (which sounds more like a submachine gun than a car to us) will occupy the middle of their three-supercar lineup, leaving room above and below it. With that in mind, Coventry University student Matt Williams whipped up this concept called the LM5, a hypercar to fit above the MP4 and challenge the Bugatti Veyron for global supremacy. (Imaginary power comes from a 700-horsepower version of the BMW M5's V10.)
Next up comes a design for a potential Porsche supercar to succeed the Carrera GT of a few years ago. Crafted by an Iranian designer named Emil Baddal, this exotic-looking machine currently goes without any imaginary powertrain at all. (It also goes without a name, so I guess Baddal is one of those artists who likes to title his works "Untitled" because he thinks it's avant-garde.)
Since Baddal apparently wants to leave the details up to the imagination, I'm going to call it the "Rapier," after the runner-up name for the F-22 fighter, and pretend it's powered by a 745-horsepower 6.8 liter turbocharged V12 based off the Panamera's V8, connected to an all-wheel-drive system by a seven-speed PDK transmission. Then I will pretend to drive it across the country to Jennifer Aniston's house and take her out for a fancy dinner before parking on Mulholland Drive and getting busy on the hood.
Baddal also brings us the third in our list of imaginary playthings, a real-life version of the BMW Vision EfficientDynamics concept from this year's Frankfurt show. That concept was "propelled" by a 163-horsepower turbodiesel 1.5 liter three cylinder connected to a pair of electric motors; sources claim the production version, rumored to go by "Z10," would run a 450-horsepower twin-turbocharged inline six-cylinder engine (also rumored to be the engine of the next M3). Combined with a low curb weight, the Z10 ought to be as ballsy as a triple shout of Jåger.
But enough fiction. If you've been following this site for a while, you've probably read our posts on the "Toyobaru," the sport coupe under joint development by Toyota and Subaru. Well, the wraps have finally come off, and it looks pretty sweet.
Currently going by the name of the Toyota FT-86 Concept (excitement fail), the car is powered by Subaru's 2.0 liter boxer four-cylinder engine, hopefully putting out at least 200 horsepower. Supposedly, the car will be rear-wheel-drive only; whether that'll preclude it being sold as a Subaru in the States remains to be seen, but I wouldn't be surprised to see an AWD system slung under there for the U.S. market.
The production FT-86 will reportedly be coming our way in 2011, hopefully priced around $20,000. RWD or AWD, it looks like it'll be a great car – it's about time manufacturers started making more small, fun cars for less money.
Vying for the FT-86's recession-paralyzed youth, though, will be a similarly priced sports coupe from Honda – and it's a hybrid, which scores you bonus points but means you have to scrape Ed Begley Jr. off your car more often. (He's like a starfish!)
Successor to the beloved CR-X hatch of eons ago, the CR-Z (I guess CR-Y just sounded too sad) will only pack a hybrid powerplant, so don't expect many smoky burnouts. Rumor has it the powertrain will be a 1.5 liter four-cylinder connected to Honda's usual hybrid gear and your choice of six-speed stick or CVT automatic; expect somewhere around 125-150 combined horsepower, a 0-60 time of around seven seconds, and moderate-to-heavy smug levels.
But there's more news from Subie-land these days – and this next tidbit is a bit…unexpected. Apparently, Motor Trend has named the 2010 Subaru Outback its SUV of the Year. To which we at CCO respond…really?
As readers know, we really like Subarus. They've been making tremendous strides in quality without sacrificing their core values, and remain some of the best cars in their price range. And the Outback, with its elevated stance and versatile AWD, does offer most of the ability of a sport-ute while retaining most of the virtues of a car.
But that's because it is a car.
Now, I'm sure Motor Trend will say the line between cars and SUVs is blurrier than ever, and that the newest Outback features enough differences from the regular Legacy that it should qualify as a separate category. Sorry, MT. We love ya, but the Outback is a car. To paraphrase our well-spoken president, you can put all the lipstick you want on a pig, but she's still Sarah Palin – and you can put all the off-road trappings you want on a car, but it's still a station wagon. In our minds, the winner should have been the Audi Q5.
Speaking of Audi, some good news from our friends in Ingolstadt. According to AutoExpress, Audi will be bringing the electric e-tron concept from the Frankfurt show to production as a new smaller sports car called the R4.
Reportedly, the R4 will be based on the production version of VW's Concept BlueSport, a small diesel-powered roadster from this year's Detroit show. No idea what sort of output we should expect from the production electric R4, but given that the concept's 3,319 lb-ft of torque could probably fling the space shuttle into orbit, it'll probably be a mite less when it lands on our shores around 2012. (There will likely also be gas-powered version, for those of us lucky enough to still have access to fossil fuels after the zombiocalypse of 2011 price of gas goes up.)
But if electric-powered sports cars aren't your bag, how about a convertible Porsche Panamera? No, the Germans aren't bringing back the four-door convertible. That's not coming back until somebody goes back in time and saves JFK. But according to Automotive News, a topless two-door version of the Panamera will be hitting the streets sometime in the next couple of years. No word yet on whether they'll also offer a two-door coupe version to combat the Mercedes-Benz CL and BMW 6-series, but given Porsche's 928 filled a similar GT coupe role from 1978 to 1995, you'd probably be safe putting down a deposit…just in case.
Or, if you'd prefer something equally luxurious but a bit more insane sensible, Automotive News also says Aston Martin is considering putting its Toyota/Scion-based Cygnet runabout into production. For around $32,000, drivers could have an Aston Martin the size of a Smart car with the same Toyota suspension and drivetrain as the iQ upon which it's based. Aston Martin engineers say they got the idea after watching Daniel Craig get whipped in the balls in Casino Royale.
"The world is gonna know you died designing a ridiculous car!"
Still, if you decide to spend your thirty-two grand on a Cygnet instead of, say, a Mustang GT, at the very least you're less likely to see one of Chevrolet's new Caprice police cars in your rear view mirror. For those of you who just exploded at the thought of a Chevy version of the wonderful Pontiac G8, sorry to burst your bubble, but the G8's still marked for termination as of this writing.
Those of you who're envisioning a four-door Camaro, though, are much closer to the mark – like the Camaro, the Caprice is based off GM's Zeta platform. However, don't get too caught up in dreams of drag-racing with the wife and kids; the Caprice will only be available to police here in the States. (It's available for civilians in the Middle East, because apparently GM easily confuses that region with the Mid-West.)
Loaded with a 355-hp 6.0 liter V8 mated to a six-speed auto, the Caprice should run 0-60 in the mid five-second range while driving up police academy recruitment from Pennsylvania to Nevada. Expect to be checking your six for them in 2011; V6 powered versions will be available in 2012, but…why?
Tagged as 928, aston martin, audi, bmw, caprice, car, convertible, cop, coupe, cr-x, cr-z, cygnet, e-tron, efficientdynamics, emil baddal, ft-86, honda, hybrid, iq, jennifer aniston, LM5, matt williams, mclaren, motor trend, mp4-12c, of the year, outback, panamera, police, porsche, r4, scionchevrolet, subaru, supercar, supercars, suv, toyobaru, toyota, z10
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Review – 2010 Mazda5 Touring (now with video!)
| 2,254 |
Riviera draws attention
Keen — Sep 15th, 1995
By Chip Keen
Special to The Sun
The Riviera drew a lot of comments. People I've never met stopped to ask about the car. A policeman even stopped my wife to ask her about the car, but then, that's another<|fim_middle|> for more than a few hours before Dr. Burch stopped in: "Tell me what you think of it!" That's the thing about the '94 Concorde -- it's a real eyecatcher. The cab forward ... [Read More...]
Audi A4: comfortable, solid
By Chip Keen Special to The Sun Honesty compels me to start this review with a confession: I've never really liked Audis. They are truly wonderful cars to drive, and they're moderately priced, but they're expensive to repair. Something about that combination has ... [Read More...]
Stratus: In a sphere of its own
By Chip Keen Special to The Sun Every review car comes with a press kit. The kit contains photographs and specifications, but the bulk of each kit is always given over to unabashed marketing hype which is, I suppose, designed to brainwash weak-minded ... [Read More...] | story. The response isn't surprising, though. The completely redesigned Riviera, with its distinctive elliptical lines, is a surprising departure from the staid Buick designs of the last two decades.
A press function I attended early last year was graced with a wall-sized picture of the '95 Riviera parked with a '63 Riviera in the background. The comparison is apt. The '63 Riviera was a classic design. Bill Mitchell, General Motors styling chief at that time, had the original idea for that first Riviera. His vision was inspired, he said, when he saw "the sharp, elegant lines of a Rolls-Royce softened by fog in front of the Claridge Hotel in London."
A 1963 Riviera was the favorite car of Ernie Conrad, my friend and mentor (and supportive customer) for nearly 20 years. That white Riviera was Ernie's baby. He kept it well past the time that his peers started to rib him about driving an "old car." He had the car serviced faithfully. It never needed any repairs beyond the routine for the nearly 250,000 miles that Ernie put on it. Eventually, he reluctantly traded it for a Buick Skylark (also white). The Skylark had more fancy options and got better mileage than the Riviera, but it never replaced the Riviera in Ernie's heart.
If Ernie was a younger man, and alive today, he might very well buy a '95 Riviera. It's available in white ("Bright White"), and, like the '63, it has panache. The '95 doesn't have quite the horsepower of the '63 (Ernie paid the $50 extra for the bored-out, 340 horsepower, 425 cubic inch V8 option), but it does come with an optional supercharged V6, four wheel disc antilock brakes with traction control, driver and front passenger air bags, dual stainless steel exhaust, 16-inch aluminum wheels and magnetic variable assist power steering.
For all its virtues, and its highly-touted, 25 Hertz, "stiff as a Mercedes 300E" body structure, the Riviera falls short of my expections in one area. The wrap-around dash, instrument cluster, unique air vents, and comfortable seats are truly beautiful, but some of the materials used to build them are cheesy compared to the rest of the car. The fuzzy headliner and plastic dashboard offend me the most, they look like leftovers that had to be used. Opening the door of the Riviera and peering inside is like opening a Gucci handbag and discovering it's lined with an old shower curtain.
From the mechanic's angle: The more I looked at it, the better I liked it. The top of the engine is obscured by a plastic cover. But, with a few simple twists, the oil filler neck comes loose, and the cover hinges up and off! With the cover off, the high-tech, high-rise, plastic intake manifold is exposed, along with all six fuel injectors and a conveniently located diagnostic pressure tap.
All the engine management system components are readily accessed. The Series II V6 was obviously designed to be easily serviced. Unlike most of the transverse-mounted V6 engines I've reviewed recently, the intake manifold does not have to be removed to change the spark plugs. The course run by the single serpentine belt causes it to be trapped by the front engine mount, but the belt is easily changed because a lower attachment has been designed in two pieces. The steering and suspension joints are greaseable. The caster, camber, and toe-in adjustments are easily made, and remarkable by today's standards for being adjustable at all.
TEST DRIVE: LSS: Oldsmobile's sporty '88'
By Chip Keen Special to The Sun As the famous advertisement says: "It's not your father's Oldsmobile anymore." My father has never owned an Oldsmobile, but if the time comes when he does, it won't be the Olds LSS. As far as exterior ... [Read More...]
TEST DRIVE: Sonata gets styling update
By Chip Keen Special to The Sun Sonata GL BASE PRICE: $17,349 AS TESTED: $17,867 TYPE: 4-door sedan, front wheel drive, 106.3" wheelbase ENGINE: 3.0L SOHC V6, 142hp @ 5,000 rpm, 168lb-ft torque @ 2,500 rpm TRANSAXLE: 4-Speed electronic automatic with adaptive control FUEL SYSTEM: Electronic multi-port fuel injection MILEAGE: 18 ... [Read More...]
Chrysler's Concorde: Car worthy of its 1993 title
By Chip Keen Sun columnist The Concorde hadn't been delivered | 1,025 |
José Ignacio
A fishing village turned upscale resort, José Ignacio is a flashy,<|fim_middle|>que Nacional Santa Teresa
Located in the northwest of the country, this national park offers a great opportunity to explore the natural beauty of Uruguay, and see diverse wildlife such as monkeys, capybaras and many types of birds. | lively extension of Punta del Este's social scene
Photo by Ernesto Velázquez
Uruguay Travel Information
Southern South America, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Argentina and Brazil
Uruguayan pesos (UYU)
Spanish (official)
Roman Catholic 47.1%, non-Catholic Christians 11.1%, nondenominational 23.2%, Jewish 0.3%, atheist or agnostic 17.2%, other 1.1% (2006 est.)
Uruguay has a temperate climate, with mild winters and warm summers. The average temperature ranges from around 59°F (15°C) in the winter to around 75°F (24°C) in the summer. Rainfall is relatively low, with the majority of precipitation falling between December and March, with an average of around 22 inches (550mm) per year.
The best time to visit Uruguay depends on what you're looking to see and do. The summer months of December to February are the warmest and driest, making them the best time to visit if you're looking to go to the beach, swim and sunbathe. This is also the best time to see the wildlife, as many species of birds and animals breed during this time.
The winter months of June to August are the best time to visit if you're looking to see the city, as it's the peak of the cultural season, with many festivals, theater shows and other events. This is also the best time to visit the interior of the country, as the weather is mild and the landscape is green.
Overall, Uruguay can be visited all year round, but it is important to keep in mind that the weather can be unpredictable and can change quickly, so visitors should be prepared for all eventualities.
The main airport in Uruguay is Carrasco International Airport, located in Montevideo. There are flights from major cities in South America and also from Miami, Madrid, and some European cities.
Buses are a popular and convenient way to get around Uruguay. There are many different bus companies operating throughout the country, and they offer a wide variety of routes and services.
Car rental is also an option for visitors to Uruguay. There are several car rental companies located at the Carrasco International Airport and major cities throughout the country.
Taxis are widely available in Uruguay, and are generally safe to use. They can be hailed on the street or called by phone, and they generally use meters.
There is no regular train service in Uruguay, but there is a tourist train that operates between Montevideo and Punta del Este
Boats are available for transportation in some specific areas of Uruguay, like the River Plate, where visitors can take ferries to Colonia del Sacramento, Buenos Aires or other destinations. And also in some coastal towns like Punta del Este, where visitors can take boat tours to navigate in the sea or in the rivers.
Uruguay has a wide range of hotels available for visitors, ranging from budget-friendly options to luxury resorts. Many of the major cities in Uruguay, such as Montevideo and Punta del Este, have a variety of hotels to choose from.
Uruguay also has a number of hostels available for travelers on a budget. These can be a great option for backpackers and other budget-conscious travelers.
Vacation rentals, such as apartments and villas, are also available for visitors to Uruguay. These can be a great option for families or groups of friends traveling together.
Camping is also an option for those who want to experience the great outdoors in Uruguay. There are several campgrounds available throughout the country, with varying degrees of amenities.
Rural Accomodation
Uruguay also has a number of rural accommodations, such as estancias and lodges, that allow visitors to experience the country's rural culture and natural beauty. These can include staying on a working farm, or a guided tour to the remote regions of Uruguay.
Uruguay Closed
Uruguay, located in South America, is a small country known for its stunning beaches, rich culture, and friendly people. With a population of just over 3 million, it offers a unique blend of city life and natural beauty, making it a perfect destination for travelers looking for a diverse experience. Here are the top 10 things to do in Uruguay:
1. Visit Montevideo
The capital and largest city of Uruguay, Montevideo offers a vibrant culture, rich history, and delicious cuisine. Visitors can explore the historic Ciudad Vieja (Old Town), visit the famous Mercado del Puerto and enjoy the nightlife scene.
2. Explore the beaches
Uruguay is known for its beautiful beaches, with miles of unspoiled coastline. Visitors can enjoy swimming, sunbathing, and water sports, especially in the summer months.
3. Visit Colonia del Sacramento
A UNESCO World Heritage Site, Colonia del Sacramento is a charming and well-preserved colonial town that offers a glimpse into the country's history. Visitors can stroll through the cobblestone streets, admire the colonial architecture, and visit the historic lighthouse.
4. Visit Punta del Este
One of the most famous beach towns in South America, Punta del Este is a must-see destination for visitors to Uruguay. Known for its nightlife, luxury resorts, and beautiful beaches, it's a great place to relax and have fun.
5. Visit the Salto Grande Dam
Located on the Uruguay River, the Salto Grande Dam is a massive hydroelectric dam that offers a great opportunity to learn about the country's energy production, and also to enjoy the views of the surrounding landscape.
6. Visit the Estancia
Visiting an Estancia, or traditional farmhouse, is a great way to experience the culture and lifestyle of rural Uruguay. Visitors can learn about the local customs, try traditional food and participate in activities such as horseback riding.
7. Visit the Museo del Carnaval
Located in Montevideo, this museum offers an interesting insight into the history and culture of the carnival in Uruguay, and also the costumes and traditions of the event.
8. Visit the Teatro Solis
Located in Montevideo, this theater is one of the most important in South America, and a must-see for visitors interested in the arts and culture of Uruguay.
9. Visit the Plaza Independencia
Located in Montevideo, this square is one of the most important and iconic in the city, and offers a great place to relax and enjoy the local atmosphere.
10. Visit the Par | 1,336 |
I hate to be the one to break this to you, but multitasking is a lie.
It doesn't work in your personal life and certainly doesn't work with your business.
Palm, the first producers of the PDA (Personal Digital Assistant), which is the precursor to what we now know as smart phones, had a unique strategy to software development.
When a bug in the code arose, they fixed it right away. In fact, they even had daily tests on all of their code to check for bugs. They found that when they fixed the problem immediately, instead of getting sidetracked by the many new things that come up in software development, it took about one hour to fix, and everything was back on track.
When they waited 3 weeks to fix the problem, it took them 24 times longer, regardless of how simple or complex the issue was.
Simply by waiting to solve the issue and getting distracted by all of the development in the interim, they cost themselves 24 times the amount of time and labor!
Take out a piece of paper. Now draw a horizontal line in the middle of<|fim_middle|> he moves it into the "Complete" section, where he can look back and take pride in his progress.
Simple and powerful. It's all about achieving small wins instead of waiting for the "right time" to tackle the big, daunting projects.
Jeff, and other Brand Launcher members who have implemented this method are building momentum to get things done. They've also got more completed projects crossed off the list than they could have ever managed while being stuck in multitask-ville.
Learning about a concept like this that's been completely swept under the rug by our ADD culture can be fun. Maybe you even did the writing exercise and learned something. But in order for this to make an impact on your business, and your life, you need resolve. It's my new favorite word.
Apply for a complimentary 15-minute One Week Sprint Strategy Session and we'll mail the first 3 applicants a One Week Sprint board. | the paper. Get your timer ready and time yourself writing, "I am a great multitasker" above the line, then the numbers 1-20 below the line.
Go as fast as you can. Done? Write out the time it took you.
Now do the same thing again, but with a twist this time, you're going to fill out the words on the top of the line and the numbers underneath the line at the same time. That is, after writing each letter of the same sentence, jump down to write the next number in the same number sequence.
Go on, try it. Hearing something is nothing like seeing it for yourself. And this could very likely change how you run your business.
The first time it took me 22 seconds. The second time it took me 52 seconds. It takes more than double the amount of time to switch back and forth than to write each series out on its own. Twice as long to get the same exact result!
The truth about multitasking is that it doesn't really exist. It's really task-switching.
When you consider the amount of extra labor that goes into trying to juggle between different tasks, and the products that could be sold or the clients that could be serviced during that lost time, you'll see multitasking for what it is: ineffective and extremely costly.
I'm trying to banish multitasking from business, one CEO at a time, by giving over the secret of how the most successful business owners get around the temptation of multitasking— the One Week Sprint. It's where you allow your brain with optimal efficiency by allowing yourself to focus on One.Thing. At. A. Time. One project per week (as much as possible.) In that hyper-focused state, you can shred through your to-do list with more attentiveness and effectiveness than you might imagine.
Sit down and brainstorm. Write down all of your current tasks and projects, as well as those that you'd like to do in the future. Don't hold back; now is the time to get everything on the table and think big.
Now that you've gotten all of your projects down on paper, prioritize their importance. Maybe you'd like to add a new product into your mix and recruit a new office manager. Choose one to focus on first. It doesn't mean that the other projects won't happen, they just won't happen yet.
Once you've prioritized your backlog, create a timeline of when you'll get everything done. Build the big-picture calendar of which projects will get tackled and when.
This is perhaps the most important step in creating a successful One Week Sprint. Break down the big overwhelming tasks into small, week-long chunks.
A One Week Sprint is NOT "hire a new office manager." That's too vague and unattainable in one week's time.
A One Week Sprint IS "Meet with Nancy for 45 minutes to create a job description for a new office manager." See what I mean?
You can't do it all alone. You need a support system to keep you on track towards accomplishing your goals. Find a mentor, build your support team, and get accountable.
Discover the 5 Fail-Proof Steps to Accomplishing Your Goals Using the Art of Accountability here.
All plans start to show their flaws as soon as you hit the battlefield. Things come up. That's life. You may have a sprint planned out and then an emergency will happen that requires all your attention. Roll with the punches and don't let one "bad" week throw you off course.
Take Brand Launcher member Jeff Charlton of Graphic Connections. He built this board. It's so simple and has made a huge difference for him.
He went through these 6 steps above and created a project backlog. Each week he moves a project from "Backlog" to "In Progress." He is only allowed to have 1 or 2 projects in the "In Progress" section.
Then when a project is finished, | 811 |
January 19, 2015 January 11, 2016 / archaeologylive / Leave a comment
Please visit http://archaeologylive.org/ for all the information on our 2016 training courses.
January 16, 2015 January 16, 2015 / archaeologylive / 6 Comments
As we celebrate our fifteenth year of trainee funded urban archaeology, we're happy to announce that we are expanding the Archaeology Live! training excavation into the historic city of Nottingham. The archaeology of Nottingham has received increasing attention in recent years, with many fascinating discoveries being made during the construction of the city's new tram network. The city was an important Anglian and Viking settlement, a key location in the Civil War and boasts a fascinating warren of post-medieval and early modern caves. All of this makes Nottingham a thrilling place to excavate!
The excavation will be a joint venture between Nottingham City Council and Trent and Peak Archaeology – the Nottingham branch of York Archaeological Trust. The fine details of the project are currently being drawn up and more detail will follow in the coming fortnight, but we can confirm the location of the dig – Nottingham Castle.
Digging inside a medieval castle is an archaeologist's dream come true. Sites like these are packed with stories, drama and archaeology covering many centuries. This building has been pivotal to many crucial moments of Nottingham's long history and we hope to learn more about the castle's evolution and ever-changing fortunes. The training excavation will operate on the exact same system as has been tried and tested over the years in York; every feature will be recorded and excavated by trainees, with guidance and support from professional archaeologists.
We hope to release the dates and more info very soon, so watch this space for further updates. We'll be sharing the findings of the York and Nottingham excavations as they're uncovered, it's going to be an exciting summer!
As ever, please direct any enquiries to trainingdig@yorkat.co.uk or @ArchaeologyLive
I'll hopefully see some of you in the trench!
January 9, 2015 January 9, 2015 / archaeologylive / Leave a comment
Archaeology Live! has been opening up archaeological sites of national significance and offering professional standard training to people of all ages and backgrounds for fifteen years. Over the years, our trainees have explored some of York's most exciting archaeology and made some unbelievable discoveries.
It's now time to spread our wings…
As well as returning for a second season at All Saints, North Street in the heart of medieval York, 2015 will see us open up a new site with our team in Nottingham (and a familiar face or two!)
Here's a small clue regarding where we'll be digging…
Full announcement to follow next week, we're very excited about this one!!
Sometimes, with a little research, tiny objects recovered from archaeological excavations can tell us amazingly detailed stories. This fairly unremarkable piece of fired clay is a fine example of an object with a tale to tell.
'York 1828'
Discovered in July, during our excavation at All Saints, North Street, this fragment of a clay pipe bowl was one of many found over the summer. When it was cleaned, the team were delighted to notice that the object told us not only where it was made – right here in York – but also when, as it was stamped with the year 1828. If all artefacts were so free with their provenance, us archaeologists would quickly be out of a job!
While this level of detail was an unusual and somewhat fortunate find, the story doesn't end there. Sufficient detail of the stamp is visible to actually relate the object to an individual person and to tell us a tale of a father, a son and a stolen idea.
In 1792, George Mason of York began a seven year apprenticeship in the manufacture of fired clay tobacco pipe under the tutelage of master craftsman Mark Hesp. At the turn of the century, Hesp produced a batch of pipes with a decorative shield motif and the text 'HESP YORK 1800'. His pipe marking the new century must have proved popular, as numerous examples have been found in excavations across York. By the 1820s, the young apprentice George was in business for himself, producing clay pipes in a premises on Monkgate in central York. In 1828, he produced a batch of clay pipes that have also been found in sites across York. The shield motif featured on the pipe bowls was almost identical to the one created by Hesp 28 years before, although the text now read 'MASON YORK 1828'. On the opposite side, the York city crest was pictured – clearly indicating a degree of civic pride. An example found in the Hungate Block D excavation in 2007 shows us how the whole pipe would have looked.
The complete pipe bowl. Image copyright York Archaeological Trust.
The pipes made by George Mason supported a flourishing business, which would be taken over by his son George Jr. following his death in 1839, aged 63. George Jr. saw no reason to alter his father's design and created his own batch of York pipes in 1848. The design featured, you guessed it, the familiar shield motif and the text 'MASON YORK 1848'. Well, if it ain't broke…
The exact significance of the years 1828 and 1848 remains unknown, but it is nonetheless wonderful to be able to relate a tiny fragment of clay pipe found at All Saints to a Victorian family business that certainly didn't mind 'borrowing' ideas. That, in a nutshell, is the joy of archaeology; extracting the personal stories from the objects that we discover in the ground.
To read more about the clay pipe assemblage from Hungate Block D, head to http://www.dighungate.com/Editor/assets/pdfs/2007-52-blockd.pdf
To learn about how to join us on site and make your own discoveries, head to https://archaeologylive.wordpress.com/2014/11/05/archaeology-live-2015/
The All Saints excavation fires up once more in April, we can't wait to get back on site and will post regular updates right here.
The votes have been counted, the expert panel of judges (well, Toby, Arran and Gary) have debated and the winner of the inaugural Archaeology Live! Find of the Year award has been decided.
Despite facing stiff competition from some stunning finds such as an ornate Viking spindle whorl, an incredbly delicate glass ring from the Roman period, two medieval bone die and some beautiful, highly symbolic medieval and post-medieval pot sherds; the artefact lovingly referred to as 'Dino' has come out on top, with 42% of the public vote!
Drum roll please…
Found in July 2014 by Katie Smith, a familiar face on Archaeology Live! excavations, this object was discovered in the backfill of a post-medieval refuse pit. Dating to the 15th century, it is a fragment of a Hambleton Ware lobed bowl, a drinking vessel that combined old traditions with new technology.
Lobed bowls were popular from the late 14th to early 16th centuries and were a continuation of the bawdy old tradition of communal drinking, where large bowls of delightful libations would be passed around groups of merrymakers. Originally, these vessels would have mainly been made of wood, however, as ceramic manufacture became more affordable for the middle classes, bowls such as these began to replace the older wooden vessels.
As the decades passed, they became increasingly elaborate, with figures of mythical creatures, people and animals set within the bowls. As the contents were imbibed, the figures would slowly be revealed. Examples such as this one, found at 1-5 Aldwark in 1976 feature two human figures seemingly deep in conversation.
A lobed bowl fragment from Aldwark, York. Image copyright York Archaeological Trust
The identity of these figures may never be known, but wonderfully impractical objects like these invite us into the minor rituals of domestic medieval life.
The Aldwark bowl in illustration. Image copyright York Archaeological Trust
Katie's figure, despite it's somewhat dinosaur-esque appearance, may be a stylised cockerel or dog. Perhaps it could be a mythical beast from some allegorical tale of the 1400s. Specialist analysis in late 2015/early 2016 may finally reveal Dino's true identity, but it remains open to debate at present – which is, of course, half the fun!
Who/what ever the figure turns out to be, Katie's find remains a wonderful insight into a more playful side of medieval life and highlights the wealth of symbolism and imagery that would have been commonplace at the time. While we can never know what merriment Dino may have bourne witness to, we can at least hold the very same object six centuries later and allow ourselves to imagine. Such objects bring us closer to the everyday people of medieval York and this is a deserving winner.
Katie's fantastic Hambleton pot sherd.
Toby will start work on the T-shirt design in time for the spring training excavation in April, where the race begins to find the most exciting find of the 2015 season. What wonderful objects and stories remain buried around the ancient church of All Saints, North Street? Join us in the spring to find out!
As the old cliche goes, onwards and downwards!
Festival of Archaeology 2015
We are pleased to announce that we'll be opening our excavation up to the public for site tours on July 18th as part of the 2015 Festival of Archaeology! Working in conjunction with our hosts at All Saints Church, this will be an opportunity to explore the trench, meet the archaeologists and see the latest finds. There will also be tours of the church that will provide fascinating insights into its history, architecture, archaeology and its nationally important stained glass.
This will be one of many events taking place across Britain to celebrate our archaeological heritage.
The trench in summer 2014
The open day will be a chance to see behind the scenes of an archaeological excavation and to learn about the countless stories and events from this small corner of historic York.
On top of all this, the church will be holding a medieval mass at 2pm. This is an opportunity to experience what would have been central to the lives of the medieval people of York, almost exactly as they would have seen, heard and even smelled it!
The trench will be open between midday and 4pm, times for the church tours will be announced in the near future. People of all ages are welcome and the trench is fully wheelchair accessible.
The summer excavation will be in full swing at this point, who knows what we will be finding! If you would like<|fim_middle|>erd of medieval pottery.
At first glance, there was nothing immediately remarkable about this find. However, now we are learning to decode the imagery of medieval York, it is possible to find a very personal story behind this artefact.
Barry and his medieval seal.
In the 11th century, carved bone or metal seal stamps came in to common use. These stamps were used to create impressions in wax to authenticate documents with a recognised seal, a tradition that had become firmly established by the 13th century. While medieval potters were somewhat lower down the social scale than those who created beautifully illuminated manuscripts, they were nonetheless influenced by the religious and heraldic symbolism that surrounded them, particularly in their parish churches.
This influence of medieval symbolism on the ceramic tradition is something that we can clearly see in the archaeological record. In York, the 13th century saw an influx of seal jugs; vessels that featured at least one applied cirucular motif. A reflection of imagery seen on documents, high status metal vessels and in church architecture, the seals on these jugs fall into three broad categories; personal seals featuring the owner's name, seals containing the maker's name (medieval branding if you will) and those with motifs of animals, floral decorations and anthropomorphic images.
A complete medieval seal jug from the Yorkshire Museum collection.
The variety of seals that have been found on these jugs suggests something far more complex than simple decoration. As we have discussed, medieval people were far more in tune with the significance of the myriad images and symbols that punctuated their world. These jugs clearly carried social, cultural, religious and political messages, as well as being beautifully crafted objects. Barry's sherd is a perfect example of this tradition.
A closer inspection of Barry's sherd shows that we have the majority of a seal bearing the image of a bird. The stretched legs and raised wing create an image of imminent motion; our bird seems ready to take flight! Around the perimeter of the seal is a worn, but visible legend. At a glance, YAT ceramics specialist Anne Jenner instantly recognised the significance of this seal. Fragments of identical and similar seal jugs have been found at Wellington Row, Micklegate, Coppergate, Low Petergate and as far afield as Gilling East and Wharram Percy. Clearly, Barry's vessel was one of a batch that would go on to spread across York and North Yorkshire.
Comparison with the more complete examples reveal this to be part of a jug with two bird seals on one side, and two featuring a lion on the opposite side. The lion is a 'lion passant' with its head looking back and its tail upright. Around the image of the lion is the text, "S. TOME:FILLI:WALTERI", while the the bird is surrounded by the legend, "SIGILL.TOME.P-WA". The survival of these seals means that we can actually link Barry's pot to a particular individual, a very rare occurrence in archaeology!
A lion passant (left) and a complete bird motif (right). Image copyright York Archaeological Trust.
The images above bear the personal seal of Thomas FitzWalter, a member of one of York's more prosperous medieval families that are known to have been patrons of the arts. Historic records for the FitzWalters in York are scant, but the imagery of these seal jugs leave us with some tantalising possibilities. The fact that the legends contain a 'P.' (Pater, or father) and 'FILII' (son) over two separate seals could suggest that these jugs were commissioned to celebrate a marriage and the birth of a son. The widespread nature of the vessels may represent them being given as gifts, or becoming dispersed family heirlooms.
The cross above the head of the bird acts as both a grammatical indication of the legend's beginning and a symbol of religious devotion, adding yet another layer of meaning to the seal.
Whatever the case, Barry's find is a wonderful example of how archaeology can bring us closer to the past. Holding the vessels that people would have drunk from is always exciting, but being able to tie them to particular individuals is a rare and wonderful pleasure. Further research may yet reveal more about this fantastic artefact, but for now we can enjoy being very late guests to the FitzWalters' happy day.
A recurring theme of the 2014 season was objects featuring fingerprints. While this is not uncommon in ceramic objects from busy, urban sites, it is always highly evocative. Placing your finger in the mark left by the person who made the object you are holding many centuries ago is a vivid experience. It reminds us that archaeology is the study of people, not just sweeping historic events. Here are some of the finer examples from this year's dig.
Pots and tiles were often dried before firing, but they would remain very pliable. Finger and thumb prints can be used to apply decoration, but they can also be accidental. The medieval roof tile below features the fingerprints of either a very slight individual, or a small child.
Child fingerprints in a medieval tile.
These are just several examples of similar finds, although people weren't the only ones to make their mark…
Fingerprints in a decorative late medieval pot rim.
As roof tiles were dried in the sun before firing, it is not uncommon to find that pesky dogs or cats wandered over the still-wet clay, accidentally immortalising their paw prints. These wonderful finds give medieval York's animal population the chance to make their mark on the archaeological record.
Medieval cat paw-prints.
While life could be challenging in medieval York, we have found evidence that people were taking the time to have a little fun. Local lad and regular Archaeology Live! trainee Rob had a bumper year for finds; one of his finest was a tiny bone dice.
Rob having a good finds day.
Dice with the traditional arrangement of opposite sides totalling seven have been around from Roman times, made in bone, metal and antler. Rob's example has a more irregular layout that appeared in the 13th century, most likely dating it to the second half of the medieval period.
It is a beautiful object which has clearly been worn from use. The games it played, whether it proved lucky in gambling, and how long it remained in use will never be known, but it is a fun thing to ponder. The particular joy of this artefact is its simplicity. There is no palimpsest of meaning here, just an instantly recognisable object that could be used just as easily today as it was centuries ago.
Happily, this wasn't the only evidence of gaming to be found this year. Early in the season, Geoff was delighted to find a worked bone counter. Initially thought to be a button, closer inspection showed it to have no perforations. Instead, a small hollow had been made on one side of the disc that perfectly fits an index finger. The reverse was worn smooth, making it likely to have been a gaming piece. Its date is uncertain at present, specialist analysis may tell us more.
Geoff and his bone gaming piece.
It's one thing to recreate the sights of medieval York, but one find from 2014 gives us a clue to how the area may have sounded. This medieval object is made of bone and would have been used to tune stringed musical instruments. Tuning pegs are common finds in medieval York and reveal that music would have been part of life for people of all classes. Quite what instrument this peg would have tuned is uncertain, although one possibility is the rebec, predecessor of the modern violin, which was a popular instrument in the 13th and 14th centuries.
A medieval tuning peg
Style and wealth
Status was of high importance to the people of medieval York. Those with a little wealth to their name would want to be seen to be fashionable and rich. Several objects discovered this year tell us about the ways medieval people chose to decorate their clothes and possessions.
A tiny copper alloy buckle or clasp.
The 2014 team uncovered a number of small strap ends, clasps and buckles. These decorative objects could have added a little flair to items items of clothing, saddlery and furniture. By their decorative nature, they reveal a certain degree of wealth. They were clearly owned by individuals who could afford more than simple, functional items.
Ellen's brooch.
These objects will be cleaned and analysed in late 2015/early 2016 by the YAT conservation team. Who knows what more we will be able to learn about these intriguing objects.
While it is tempting to clean these finds on site, they are often highly corroded and very fragile. The buckle pictured below may even have surviving fabric, preserved within the corrosion. Treated properly, this may give us direct evidence of the kind of attire people would have favoured in the medieval period. Watch this space for further news on the metal finds!
It is impossible to look at every medieval find from 2014 without writing a rather lengthy tome! With that in mind, we will conclude our look at the medieval assemblage with a look at the finds that tell us more about the church itself.
While the church is a wonderful example of high-medieval architecture, it is a building that has been in near constant flux for much of its existence. The changing demands and fashions of each century have seen swathes of structural and decorative alterations. Pews, floors, windows and walls have been entirely removed and re-modelled. However, the finds of this year's excavation provide us with evidence of the church's previous incarnations.
The Lady Chapel in All Saints has recently been re-floored with hand-made tiles recreated using medieval techniques to create an authentic middle ages appearance. We have been lucky enough to find examples of the original medieval floor that has since been so lovingly and faithfully restored. A wonderful moment this year, was laying a newly discovered medieval tile over the replica floor. It fit the traditional dimensions perfectly!
Our tile, while complete, shows evidence of a long life, with the glaze on the upper surface all but worn away. There is no doubt that this object will have witnessed the church in its medieval heyday, a fact which is as frustrating as it is fascinating! If only tiles could speak…
Working on a 19th century burial, Archaeology Live! regular Belle made a wonderful medieval discovery – a fragment of stained glass.
While this wasn't the first fragment of medieval window glass to be found this year, it is the most complete and features two complete edges that give us an idea of its original shape. The cut edges even bear the marks of the grozing iron – the tool used by medieval craftsmen to shape the glass.
All Saints is famous for its wonderful stained glass, but not all of the medieval windows have been lucky enough to survive the intervening centuries. Belle's shard fits tantalisingly well in a current window of the church and once it is cleaned by the conservation department, we will find out whether any of the paint still survives.
The cliche that this provides a window into the medieval world is a guilty (but true!) pleasure…
Placing the glass over a window that survives gives an idea of its possible appearance when new.
A final find type to look at reveals even more about the church's former appearance. This year, our team have found numerous fragments of beautifully made glazed roof tile. Made between the 13th and 16th centuries, these tiles were expensive and would only have graced the roofs of prosperous secular and religious buildings. Their lead and copper glaze gives the tiles a bright green hue that would have looked spectacular in the sun.
Some examples have a darker, more purple tinged hue.
Tah dah! Jen presenting her latest find.
The combined evidence of the glazed floor and roof tiles present an image of a vibrant, colourful building. Much of this colour would fall victim to the tumult of the 16th century reformation, but the finds made by our 2014 team make it possible to see a little more of the church's high medieval splendour.
Vivid green glaze.
This brief tour of just some of 2014's finds highlights serves as a reminder of the power of archaeology to enrich and humanise the past. Adding these pieces to the medieval puzzle removes some of the distance between ourselves and the people who lived through the times we are studying. We are so close and yet so far from truly understanding the world they would have lived in.
The medieval finds from the 2014 season allow us to place our fingerprints in theirs, to decode the meanings of the ways they decorated their possessions and to roll the dice and hold the gaming pieces they would have played with.
2015 will see us reach the layers that were deposited during this age of medieval mystery. Who knows what secrets the parishioners of All Saints will have left in wait for us.
Thanks for reading! If you would like to join us in 2015 and add your own discoveries to our growing collection, email trainingdig@yorkat.co.uk to book a place on the dig or to find out more.
We can't wait to get back on site, but until then… onwards and downwards! | to join the excavation and add your own discoveries, please browse the information on this website and direct enquiries to trainingdig@yorkat.co.uk
See you in the trench!
A freshly unearthed medieval lead weight. Summer 2014.
December 2, 2014 January 8, 2015 / archaeologylive / Leave a comment
York has a huge variety of accommodation options, from affordable hostels and campsites to luxury hotels. The following is a quick guide to find somewhere that suits you.
The content below is up-to-date as far as we are aware, please get in touch if you find anything to be incorrect. Also, feel free to add feedback on places you have stayed on our Facebook group https://www.facebook.com/notes/archaeology-live/accommodation-york-nearby/10151781819631846 – bear in mind that this is a forum for recommendations rather than criticism.
*SPECIAL DEALS for 2015*
Hotel 53 are a competitively priced hotel in the centre of York, about a 10-15 minute walk from our excavation. They offer a 10% discount to Archaeology Live! trainees, just quote York Archaeological Trust when you call to book. Please note that terms and conditions apply. The discount is valid for double rooms and doesn't apply during bank holidays and race weekends.
http://www.hotel53.com
General searches are a good place to start there are a number of options
– Good general booking site local to York http://www.visityork.org/book/ not a national site so the revenue stays local.
– Another good local engine http://www.iknow-yorkshire.co.uk/
– Bit of a York guide with some accommodation links http://www.insideyork.co.uk/
Hotels are surprisingly cheap if you book well in advance and avoid the weekend nights
– People had a good deal here by sharing a twin room and getting in early http://www.travelodge.co.uk/hotels/196/York-Central-hotel
– This one lists guest houses, pubs and bed and breakfasts as well http://www.york-stay.co.uk/
Bed & Breakfast is a very large part of the accommodation available in York (just don't boast about having a Full English when you turn up and see ravenous hoards!)
– The University has some options for this http://www.yorkrooms.com/
– Independent York bed and breakfast site, you need to contact individually but gives you and idea what's around http://www.yorkbedandbreakfast.co.uk/
– I am not sure if this counts as a B&B but there are some really good options at lots of prices there was one place at £16 per night https://www.airbnb.co.uk/s/York–United-Kingdom?source=bb
– People have said very good things about the Bar Convent http://www.bar-convent.org.uk/accommodation.htm
Hostels are a good option if you want to pay less
– YHA has a hostel in York book through their web site and if you are a member you get discounts http://www.yha.org.uk/
– The University is running a system similar to a hostel in the halls where we used to stay http://www.yorkconferences.com/events/venue/bed-and-breakfast-14.aspx you need to book dates between the 10th July and 5th September for the £24 per night price to be available
– We also spoke with York St John University and they are renting out rooms in different locations. The cheapest option was at the Lord Mayors walk campus. You will have to send them a message or call to find out more details (they were very helpful when I spoke with them) http://www.yorksj.ac.uk/conference-office/conference-home/accommodation.aspx
– There is the boutique hostel on Micklegate which is very nearby for the site http://safestayyork.co.uk/safestay-york/bedrooms.html
– The same for Stonegate which is very central http://www.thefortyork.co.uk/
Renting or sharing is a good option if you are coming for a longer stay
– One of the popular engines is this http://www.spareroom.co.uk/flatshare/york
– Gumtree is another option for a longer stay http://www.gumtree.com/flats-houses/york
– Bit extreme but if you are bringing the whole family over a nice option. There are a few houses in the York area www.lovehomeswap.com
– There are a couple of places here which can be rented by a group. They have had good feedback from one of our regulars www.centreyorkcottages.co.uk
– For those who wish to camp or caravan try www.pitchup.com
– Ukcampsite is very good. The campers reviews are also very useful www.ukcampsite.co.uk
– For caravanners, this is supposed to have a really good shower block. Mainly hard standing with hook ups http://www.yorkcaravanpark.com
Further afield To help planning stays and journeys there are numerous things to help
– Excellent Park and ride apps to help you plan your journey and stay in York http://www.mxapps.co.uk/product.aspx?appId=york_park_ride
December 1, 2014 February 2, 2015 / archaeologylive / 1 Comment
Below are the current spaces available on the 2015 Archaeology Live! training courses. Even if a course is full, we sometimes get late openings coming up if people have had to cancel – so get in touch and we can create a reserves list if it is your only option.
If you are unsure as to how to read the details below, have a look at this example in italics;
Week no. Starting Date. Longer Courses. TasterCourses
Week 8 14/06/17 6 Tue 4 Wed 0 Thur 2 Fri 2
So, during week 8, starting 14th June 2017, there are spaces for 6 people on the one week or longer course and then 4 taster spaces on the Tuesday, 2 on the Thursday and finally 2 on the Friday.
Spring Session
Week 1 06/04/15 6 Tue na Wed na Thu 3 Fri 4
Week 2 13/04/15 8 Tue 1 Wed 4 Thu 2 Fri 4
Week 6 27/07/15 10 Tue 4 Wed 4 Thu 4 Fri 4
Week 10 24/08/15 10 Tue 4 Wed 4 Thu 4 Fri 4
Week 11 31/08/15 9 Tue 4 Wed 4 Thu 4 Fri 4
April Weekend Course
Fully booked – we have a reserves list and may do more courses if demand is high.
May Weekend Course
August Weekend Course
Autumn Session
TBC Email trainingdig@yorkat.co.uk to express interest.
With sufficient demand we will run an additional weekend course so just let us know. Bookings and enquiries to trainingdig@yorkat.co.uk
A medieval miscellany… Medieval finds highlights from Archaeology Live! 2014.
Last week, we took a closer look at some of the Roman finds that were uncovered during our 2014 excavation at All Saints, North Street. By the end of the season, we had excavated over two centuries worth of archaeology and uncovered deposits dating to the late 1700s.
A wonderful thing about urban archaeology is the variety of finds that it provides. As our site has been in constant use for two millennia, a wealth of earlier material can be found re-deposited in later contexts. The sheer volume of re-deposited Roman material uncovered so far strongly suggests that intact Roman archaeology is present at All Saints, buried beneath countless layers of later activity.
The 120ft spire of All Saints adds a touch of drama to the beautiful 14th century All Saints Cottages.
While we can only interpret so much with finds from secondary contexts, we can still get a thrilling sneak preview into the Roman world beneath our feet; with glimpses of legionary tile production, imported luxuries like wine and oils and evidence of high status buildings, jewellery and ceramics uncovered already.
These artefacts are exciting, but they remain only echoes of a landscape that has since been radically and irrevocably changed. With one or two rather stunning exceptions (i.e. the Multiangular Tower in the Museum Gardens), York's wonderful Roman heritage is now entirely below ground.
When we consider medieval York, we are lucky enough to be brought a little closer to life in the Middle Ages by the wealth of medieval architecture that still stands today. It is easier to visualise and understand a lost world, when you are able to see fragments that have survived the intervening centuries. A 15th century time traveller visiting our site today would see a lot that they would recognise. The magnificent church tower was completed in 1410, and the beautiful cottages pictured above were under construction in 1396. While they would see a world much changed, they would have reference points with which to orientate themselves.
The remains of York's medieval cityscape allow us to share experiences with people who lived centuries ago; an experience that is made even richer when we discover the objects that these people owned and used. Archaeology is all about adding flesh to the bones of history. The lives of kings and queens are well documented, but archaeology allows us to learn more about people like ourselves.
The recent Hungate project featured the largest modern open area excavation to have ever happened in central York. The dig uncovered a wealth of wonderfully human moments; occurrences that we can easily relate to today. These came in many forms, with themes continuing over many phases of activity. We found the spoons that Victorian children had used to try and retrieve lost marbles from drains, we also found the marbles! Rewinding 1,000 years, we found leather shoes, beads and ornate metal objects that had been lost down Viking cesspits. It seems there are some things that never change…
At All Saints this year, we have been lucky enough to find an array of medieval objects that add more of these wonderfully personal details to our knowledge of medieval York. These finds aren't always particularly glamorous, but they do tell a story to anyone who cares to listen.
Joan and a large fragment of a medieval vessel.
Mysterious creatures…
The medieval world was alive with symbolism and meaning. Medieval parishioners of All Saints would have often seen religious processions making their way along nearby Micklegate, with priests and visiting dignitaries arrayed in rigidly defined hierarchies. The allegorical tales of the mystery plays would have been imbued with far greater meaning to those of a medieval mindset than can be appreciated by you or I in the 21st century.
This was a world where monsters and evil spirits would have seemed very real and the threat of hellfire and damnation weighed heavy on every mind. But these layers of tradition and symbolism were not limited to the glorious stained glass and monumental architecture of the church, they also appeared in everyday life.
Joining us for her third season of Archaeology Live!, Yorkshire lass Katie made a particularly wonderful discovery when she spotted something green in the fill of an 18th century refuse pit. The object proved to be a sherd of Hambleton ware, most likely dating to the early 15th century (this date will be tightened up following a specialist assessment of the ceramics). It was immediately apparent that this was an unusual find. Unlike the numerous utilitarian fragments of bowls, jars and jugs that had already been found, this pot sherd was clearly a more decorative object. Initially thought to be part of an elaborate lid, a spot of research has revealed Katie's find to be a fragment of a lobed cup or bowl.
A complete medieval lobed cup (right). © Image Copyright University of Oxford, Ashmolean Museum, 2000
These lobed bowls were popular in the 14th and 15th centuries, being used as communal drinking vessels that would be passed around a group of people. As the contents were drank, figures of mythical creatures, biblical characters and animals would emerge from the liquid. This period saw a nationwide shift in material culture; drinking vessels which had mainly been made of wood up until this point were now occurring more frequently in ceramic forms. However, it seems that older, communal dining traditions were being maintained, as these lobed bowls remained popular into the early 16th century. Pictured below is a charming example of a somewhat eroded, but clearly human figure from a similar vessel.
A Medieval pottery fragment, the anthropomorphic figure from a Coarse Border ware lobed cup (14th century AD)
Image copyright The British Museum.
Katie's example has provoked a great deal of debate. Is it a cockerel? Is it a dog? Could it be some form of serpent? Final confirmation will come when the specialist pottery assessment is carried out next year. The figure has clearly lost its ears or horns and does seem to have stylised legs of some sort. If parallels have been found elsewhere, we may be able to say exactly what we're looking at, but for now, it will remain open for debate. A suggestion that it is an early representation of Dino from The Flintstones has been met with a sensible degree of scepticism…
While Katie's pot sherd will remain enigmatic for now, it can certainly be agreed that it is a wonderful find. Whether it was used during celebrations or ceremonies (or both!) is an entertaining question to ponder. This find has a certain frivolous charm, allowing us a glimpse into this medieval world of mystery and symbolism. It reminds us that life in the middle ages could have a more jovial side, which gives a warm contrast to All Saints air of piety and devotion.
Joining us for his fourth season of Archaeology Live!, Barry didn't waste any time in adding a new piece to our medieval puzzle. In a deposit associated with the 1860s church hall, he noticed a sh | 3,025 |
SAN FRANCISCO — The Babe. Mr. October. El Hombre. And now Kung Fu Panda.
Pablo Sandoval joined Babe Ruth, Reggie Jackson and Albert Pujols as the only sluggers to hit three home runs in a World Series game, and the San Francisco Giants rolled over Justin Verlander and the Detroit Tigers 8-3 in Wednesday night's opener.
Barry Zito — remember him? — won in his World Series debut, two years after poor performances caused the Giants to drop him from their postseason roster.
Detroit tries to even the Series on tonight, sending Doug Fister to the mound against Madison Bumgarner. The winner of the opener has claimed the title 66 of 107 times, including eight of last nine. The NL is seeking to win three straight Series for first time since 1979-82.
Sandoval hit a solo home run to right-center on a 95 mph 0-2 fastball at the letters in the first. He reached outside and hit a two-run, opposite-field drive to left in the third on another 95 mph pitch from Verlander, the reigning AL MVP and Cy Young winner. Then added another bases-empty shot into the center-field batter's eye in the fifth, this time on an 84 mph offspeed offering from Al Alburquerque.
Left off the 2010 postseason roster by the champion Giants, Zito shut out the Tigers until Triple Crown winner Miguel Cabrera's RBI single in the sixth. San Francisco won for the 14th straight time with Zito starting — quite a turnaround from his image as a $126 million bust<|fim_middle|>9), Florida (2003), St. Louis (2006) and Philadelphia (2008). | .
There had been only one previous three-homer game at the ballpark — by the Dodgers' Kevin Elster in the very first game in 2000. No Giant had hit three at home since Barry Bonds back in 1994 at Candlestick Park.
Perhaps because AT&T has become a premier pitcher's park — there were just 84 homers there this year, 25 fewer than any other big league stadium.
Marco Scutaro, the NL championship series MVP, twice hit RBI singles after doubles by Angel Pagan. NL batting champion Buster Posey contributed two hits, left fielder Gregor Blanco made diving catches to rob Cabrera and Prince Fielder, and Tim Lincecum came out of the bullpen to retire seven straight batters — striking out five.
San Francisco kept getting good bounces, with Pagan hitting a double that hopped off the third-base bag at almost a right angle and into left field. ALCS MVP Delmon Young, meanwhile, failed to run after a tapper in front of the plate that the Giants turned into a double play.
Jhonny Peralta hit a two-run homer for the Tigers in the ninth off reliever George Kontos. ... This was the Giants' 50th World Series win. ... The team hosting the first two games has won 21 of the last 26 World Series: the exceptions were Toronto (1992), the Yankees (199 | 299 |
Imagine the power of Social Media and Business Intelligence, to better understand your customer's needs.
Firstly, gathering social media intelligence requires listening to what your customers are saying. Think beyond Facebook and Twitter, and consider popular forums, blogs and even location-based network sites, like Foursquare and Yelp.
Also, consider monitoring conversations that relate to your key competitors, as these conversations can be leveraged to see how your company compares to them.
Analysis is the next step for how to use social media to gain business intelligence. Obtain conversations, and evaluate what consumers are discussing.
Regardless of the actual insight that is garnered, social intelligence<|fim_middle|> decisions based on the voice of the consumers you serve. You just have to know how to use social media to your advantage. | can truly help your company make more definitive and data-driven business | 12 |
Teaching about energy in a virtual, online world
Submitted by Windy Schor
You may have heard of Second Life (SL) during the National Public Radio show Talk of the Nation Science Friday. There's even a one in a hundred chance that you already visit this "virtual world."
http://www.sciencefriday.com/
In March 2008, real-life (RL, that<|fim_middle|> asking experts how we can get our educational devices to be used there.
Dynamic solar cookers that track the sun's motion can be modeled because there is a virtual sun that moves across the sky (in Second Life, the world is flat and not heliocentric). So far Solar has built a typical solar oven, a box-reflector cooker, a cylindrical parabolic reflector, and a dish-parabolic reflector.
I started in April, immediately thinking about how to teach about wind. Fortunately, there is wind as well as sun in SL. In fact, the wind in this 3-D world is computed constantly by the servers using a model of computational fluid dynamics, in a 2-D grid of 1-square-meter chunks. Each simulation is 256x256 meters, and wind in each square meter is dependent on the wind in adjacent chunks. The wind also is forced away from the sun, and if a sim is abutting another sim, wind data is traded from one to the next as a boundary condition. Because of limits on computing power, the model is two-dimensional. That means that the wind at point 212,47,38 (x,y,z coordinate system is used) is exactly the same as the wind at 212,47,189. Also, the wind recognizes the ground, but not objects placed on the ground or in the air. That means that wind howls right through buildings.
I started my work with a wind sock, something other people had built before in SL, but I added new features. SL allows us to build flexible objects and to build objects with scripts that allow them to respond to their environment. The sock is somewhat flexible hanging and moving in the wind. The post that holds the sock includes a script that turns the whole object into the wind.
Next I made a cup-anemometer that spins faster when the wind in its location is blowing faster. Both the sock and the anemometer have a floating text above them that tells the wind speed and direction every second.
Does a tree fall (let alone make a sound) in a forest if there's no one around? There's only one way to find out, and that is through remote sensing. It was quite a bit more difficult than the few lines of code necessary to show an anemometer spinning in the wind, but after a couple weeks I was able to produce a system allowing for data-logging of the anemometry. Essentially, the anemometer sends its data to a web page at EnergyTeachers.org, which takes the data into a database (MySQL). This allows for hundreds of thousands of data points to be collected. Another web page shows the latest data from each placed anemometer and its location and owner. From there one can save the data or see it statistically represented in a wind rose, a multi-dimensional graph in polar coordinates that shows how often the wind blows how fast in each direction. One can use the statistics about speed to determine the capacity factor of a turbine placed there given the "power curve" of the turbine.
In the link below, please replace "antispamcheck" with "energyteachers.org" to see the page. Loading the page is resource-intensive, so we don't want robots to visit it.
http://antispamcheck/secondlife/winddataselector.php
The system described above could be very easily tweaked to manage RL wind data from student anemometers, such as those from Inspeed:
http://inspeed.com/
E-mail me if you want to try it out for your classroom.
Back in Second Life, I created a map of Etopia that shows where there are anemometers and what their most recent readings are. The map gets this data from the MySQL database. SL could be used in this way to map RL wind data...There is a map of US weather at an area in SL managed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA):
http://esrl.noaa.gov/outreach/
NOAA's work is part of a larger scientific and educational community housed at SL's SciLands:
http://www.scilands.org/
Because I had made these tools to help show and explain wind's dynamics, I started giving presentations about wind in May, and was excited to have many more participants than Solar's April talks. Many people interested in sailing and parachuting came to the talks.
Both Solar and I are giving talks again this summer, as we plan to do at least once every three months. In fact, thanks to ideas generated at a talk, I have successfully built a map of wind in a region that doesn't depend on the internet database, bringing the map much closer to real-time and allowing for many more anemometers to be placed without overflowing resources.
I am also developing realistic models of other types of anemometers, including a floating ball anemometer and an ultrasonic anemometer.
You can see both educational and recreational activities Solar and I have either created or enjoyed during our tenure in SL in a photo gallery:
http://energyteachers.org/photos/main.php?cmd=album&var1=secondlife/
You can join the experiment either in Second Life by joining the EnergyTeachersOrganization group, or in real life by using our bulletin board:
http://energyteachers.org/forum/viewtopic.php?t=673 | 's our adjective for things outside Second Life) Shawn Reeves signed up for a free account as "Solar Sierra," after hearing about it dozens of times on Science Friday.
http://www.secondlife.com/join/?u=25cc46d902964ed5972e220cf3f7bcbc
Solar started with a week of open-minded exploration. He was intrigued by the fact that you could make money there and trade that money for US $$. But after a few visits he realized that the quick pennies were just that--pennies. Solar began to wonder about the possibilities for educators and EnergyTeachers.org. It seemed worthwhile to investigate because there were millions of users, and thousands of teachers and scientists, using the platform.
There are two overarching methods of grouping people by interests/activities in SL: Groups and geography. Solar started a group called EnergyTeachersOrganization which is populated by users who are interested in energy education. Also, Solar keeps a kiosk displaying solar cookers at a place called Etopia Island, which is visited by people touring Etopia's models for sustainable living. Group members share announcements for meetings, chat in instant messages on topics of interest, organize meetings, and sometimes jointly own land and/or objects. In short, groups are a way to communicate with each other, and thematic places are a place to meet other people with similar interests.
http://etopiaisland.org/
In April Solar gave two presentations at Etopia about solar cooking. Only a few people attended; some attendees were educators, but none classroom teachers. He learned that teenagers are not allowed on the same grid as adults, but they are offered a "Teen Grid" where teachers are sometimes invited to give presentations. Solar is | 360 |
<|fim_middle|> gentle growth. Can be grown as a superb shrub or as a small climber. Fragrant. Long flowering period.
(Modern Climber) Apricot, hybrid tea-like flowers, produced freely amongst dark green foliage.
Unique to us in the UK. (Modern Climber) Fully double blooms of cerise pink and cream in clusters. A strong growing climbing rose of merit. | Climbing roses are ideal for growing against a wall of a house and often produce large shapely flowers. Unlike many ramblers, most climbers will also repeat flower, providing colour throughout the summer months. Smaller climbers can also be grown in pots making them great for patios and smaller gardens. We recommend planting Clematis alongside Climbing Roses to extend the flowering period. Also, by choosing colours that complement each other an otherwise dull and lifeless area can be transformed into an eye-catching focal point.
This magnificent climbing rose produces an abundance of intensely perfumed deep pink fully double blooms, complemented with lush dark green foliage. Ideal for growing over an arch or doorway trained along a fence. Bred by Delbard.
(Bourbon Climber) A favourite of mine. Large, flattish blooms of pale pink. With deeper centres. Fragrant. Very double and free flowering.
(Noisette) 18th Century. One of the first Noisettes. An attractive blush pink rose of | 204 |
HSPT Reading : Main Ideas in Natural Science Passages
Study concepts, example questions & explanations for HSPT Reading
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HSPT Reading Help » Comprehension » Critical Comprehension » Main Idea » Main Ideas in Natural Science Passages
Example Question #1 : Main Ideas In Natural Science Passages
The world described by physics is a surprisingly strange world, somewhat distant from our regular experience. Many high school students likely suspect this fact, given the difficulty that they often experience when taking physics courses. However, they are rarely instructed in the explicit difference between the world expressed by their equations and the world that they experience. Many of the concepts used in physics are related to the figures, facts, and equations that are learned in mathematics. The world is recast into a form that looks more like a geometry problem than the world as experienced in day-to-day life. All of this at first seems strange to the budding young physics student. However, after performing a number of experiments, he or she soon sees that these mathematical formulas seem to "work." That is, these equations really do predict the outcomes of experiments in the real world, not merely in mathematical equations on paper.
Still, it is interesting to notice some examples of how much is overlooked in these kinds of mathematical models. Most obviously, there are few (if any) objects in reality that perfectly match the form and shape of a pure geometric figure. Few physical triangles are exact triangles in the manner of the shapes used in geometric problems. Likewise, motion becomes merely something to be expressed in an equation that has time as a variable. Finally, all of the physical descriptions of light waves tell us about everything except for what it is like to experience color. This last reason is perhaps the most interesting reason of all. No matter how many equations and shapes are used to describe color, none of these will have anything to do with the experience of color itself. To speak of a "rectangular surface" or an "icosahedron-like body" does not tell us anything about colors. Rectangles and icosahedrons can be any color. That is, color does not enter into their definitions at all—a red rectangle is just as much a rectangle as is a green one.
What is author's purpose in this passage?
To inform the reader about the nature of physics and to give several examples of its interesting character
To show the reader how science can answer many questions about reality
To show that science ultimately is false because of its mathematical reasoning
To overthrow cultural myths about physical science
To argue on behalf of a poetic outlook on life in contrast to the cold world of science
First of all, note that the author does not<|fim_middle|> persons would at first suppose." The author then goes on to describe the process by which they play this "important part." And, finally, he concludes by saying "This keeps the surface of the earth perfectly suited to the growth of an abundant array of fruits and vegetables." The key is to focus on the relationship between the opening and closing sentences of the first paragraph.
Adapted from "Some Strange Nurseries" by Grant Allen in A Book of Natural History (1902, ed. David Starr Jordan)
Many different types of animals employ one of two strategies in raising their young. Certain animals, called "r-strategists," turn out thousands of eggs with reckless profusion, but they let them look after themselves, or be devoured by enemies, as chance will have it. Other animals, called "K-strategists," take greater pain in the rearing and upbringing of the young. Large broods indicate an "r" life strategy; small broods imply a "K" life strategy and more care in the nurture and education of the offspring. R-strategists produce eggs wholesale, on the off chance that some two or three among them may perhaps survive an infant mortality of ninety-nine per cent, so as to replace their parents. K-strategists produce half a dozen young, or less, but bring a large proportion of these on an average up to years of discretion.
Which of these extracts best captures the main idea of this passage?
"K-strategists produce half a dozen young, or less, but bring a large proportion of these on an average up to years of discretion"
"Many different types of animals employ one of two strategies in raising their young."
"R-strategists produce eggs wholesale, on the off chance that some two or three among them may perhaps survive an infant mortality of ninety-nine per cent, so as to replace their parents"
"Large broods indicate an "r" life strategy"
"Other animals, called "K-strategists," take greater pain in the rearing and upbringing of the young"
The main idea of this essay is that there is a direct correlation between the number of offspring a species generally produces and the type of life strategy that species employs. This idea is really only captured in the first sentence, ""Many different types of animals employ one of two strategies in raising their young." Another sentence might be better if it compared both r-strategists and K-strategists, but the other four answer choices are less succinct and direct, and usually only make half the author's point.
Example Question #1 : Natural Sciences
Adapted from The Evolutionist at Large by Grant Allen (1881)
I am engaged in watching a brigade of ants out on foraging duty, and intent on securing for the nest three whole segments of a deceased earthworm. They look for all the world like those busy companies one sees in the Egyptian wall paintings, dragging home a huge granite colossus by sheer force of bone and sinew. Every muscle in their tiny bodies is strained to the utmost as they pry themselves laboriously against the great boulders that strew the path, and that are known to our Brobdingnagian intelligence as grains of sand. Besides the workers themselves, a whole battalion of stragglers runs to and fro upon the broad line that leads to the headquarters of the community. The province of these stragglers, who seem so busy doing nothing, probably consists in keeping communications open, and encouraging the sturdy pullers by occasional relays of fresh workmen. I often wish that I could for a while get inside those tiny brains, and see, or rather smell, the world as ants do. For there can be little doubt that to these brave little carnivores here the universe is chiefly known as a collective bundle of odors, simultaneous or consecutive. As our world is mainly a world of visible objects, theirs, I believe, is mainly a world of olfactible things.
In the head of every one of these little creatures is something that we may fairly call a brain. Of course most insects have no real brains; the nerve-substance in their heads is a mere collection of ill-arranged ganglia, directly connected with their organs of sense. Whatever man may be, an earwig at least is a conscious, or rather a semi-conscious, automaton. He has just a few knots of nerve cells in his little pate, each of which leads straight from his dim eye or his vague ear or his indefinite organs of taste; and his muscles obey the promptings of external sensations without possibility of hesitation or consideration, as mechanically as the valve of a steam engine obeys the governor balls. The poor soul's intellect is wholly deficient, and the senses alone make up all that there is of him, subjectively considered. But it is not so with the highest insects. They have something that truly answers to the real brain of men, apes, and dogs, to the cerebral hemispheres and the cerebellum that are superadded in us mammals upon the simple sense-centers of lower creatures. Besides the eye, with its optic nerve and optic perceptive organs—besides the ear, with its similar mechanism—we mammalian lords of creation have a higher and more genuine brain, that collects and compares the information given to the senses, and sends down the appropriate messages to the muscles accordingly. Now, bees and flies and ants have got much the same sort of arrangement, on a smaller scale, within their tiny heads. On top of the little knots that do duty as nerve centers for their eyes and mouths, stand two stalked bits of nervous matter, whose duty is analogous to that of our own brains. And that is why these three sorts of insects think and reason so much more intellectually than beetles or butterflies, and why the larger part of them have organized their domestic arrangements on such an excellent cooperative plan.
We know well enough what forms the main material of thought with bees and flies, and that is visible objects. For you must think about something if you think at all; and you can hardly imagine a contemplative blow-fly setting itself down to reflect, like a Hindu devotee, on the syllable Om, or on the oneness of existence. Abstract ideas are not likely to play a large part in apian consciousness. A bee has a very perfect eye, and with this eye it can see not only form, but also color, as Sir John Lubbock's experiments have shown us. The information that it gets through its eye, coupled with other ideas derived from touch, smell, and taste, no doubt makes up the main thinkable and knowable universe as it reveals itself to the apian intelligence. To ourselves and to bees alike the world is, on the whole, a colored picture, with the notions of distance and solidity thrown in by touch and muscular effort; but sight undoubtedly plays the first part in forming our total conception of things generally.
What is the main idea of the first paragraph?
The author desires the ability to transform into an ant at will.
The author is studying how ants use geological features to their advantage.
The author is watching ants and is considering their actions and how they perceive the world.
The author is wishing he had a heightened sense of smell, like ants.
The author is pondering how history is like a swarm of ants.
The paragraph as a whole describes a scene where the author is watching ants. This leads naturally into a discussion of how they may perceive the world, particularly through their sense of smell. Although the author does wish to have a heightened sense of smell and also compares the ants to events in history, these things do not encompass the entire paragraph.
The point of view from which the passage is told can best be described as that of __________.
a biologist
a geologist
a writer of fiction
an ant
We can tell from the detailed descriptions of the brains of mammals and insects, as well as the overall interest in the subject of ants and bees, that the author is writing from a scientific or biological viewpoint.
Example Question #2 : Analyzing Components Of An Argument In Single Answer Questions
Adapted from "The Influence of the Conception of Evolution on Modern Philosophy" by H. Höffding (1909) in Evolution in Modern Thought (1917 ed.)
When The Origin of Species appeared fifty years ago, Romantic speculation, Schelling's and Hegel's philosophy, still reigned on the continent, while in England, Positivism, the philosophy of Comte and Stuart Mill, represented the most important trend of thought. German speculation had much to say on evolution; it even pretended to be a philosophy of evolution. But then the word "evolution" was to be taken in an ideal, not in a real, sense. To speculative thought, the forms and types of nature formed a system of ideas, within which any form could lead us by continuous transitions to any other. It was a classificatory system which was regarded as a divine world of thought or images, within which metamorphoses could go on—a condition comparable with that in the mind of the poet when one image follows another with imperceptible changes.
Goethe's ideas of evolution, as expressed in his Metamorphosen der Pflanzen und der Thiere, belong to this category; it is, therefore, incorrect to call him a forerunner of Darwin. Schelling and Hegel held the same idea; Hegel expressly rejected the conception of a real evolution in time as coarse and materialistic. "Nature," he says, "is to be considered as a system of stages, the one necessarily arising from the other, and being the nearest truth of that from which it proceeds; but not in such a way that the one is naturally generated by the other; on the contrary [their connection lies] in the inner idea which is the ground of nature. The metamorphosis can be ascribed only to the notion as such, because it alone is evolution.... It has been a clumsy idea in the older as well as in the newer philosophy of nature, to regard the transformation and the transition from one natural form and sphere to a higher as an outward and actual production."
What is the overall purpose of this selection?
To catalogue the prominent figures of German Romanticism.
To show that while there was much German discussion of evolution, it has little to do with The Origin of Species.
To compare and contrast positivism and German Romanticism.
None of the other answers
To provide an outline of the development of one particular approach to the scientific question of evolution.
This passage opens by framing the discussion in terms of Darwin's Origin of Species. Throughout the passage, it wishes to show how the German Romantics used the word and notion of "evolution" in a way that was radically different from that used by Darwin. In this selection, at least, we are not presented with a rigorous comparison/contrast with positivism, though it is mentioned at the beginning. This whole passage focuses on how certain figures used the term in a way quite different from that of Darwin. (Note, also, that the passage does not provide a complete catalogue of positions.)
Abilene Christian University, Bachelor in Arts, English.
Cornell University, Bachelor in Arts, Music.
Lucianna
Drew University, Bachelor in Arts, Spanish.
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SAT Test Prep in Seattle, GMAT Test Prep in Denver, GMAT Test Prep in San Francisco-Bay Area, ACT Test Prep in Boston, ACT Test Prep in Chicago, MCAT Test Prep in Boston, ACT Test Prep in Philadelphia, LSAT Test Prep in Seattle, LSAT Test Prep in Miami, ISEE Test Prep in Houston | set out to dimiss physics as false. Therefore, eliminate all of the answers that would imply that purpose. The selection merely wishes to state that physics describes the world in a strange manner. The first paragraph introduces this, showing how students come to realize this in the course of their education and also explaining general points about the mathematical nature of physics. After this, in the second paragraph, the author provides several interesting examples of how physics overlooks certain details in the world. This is not meant to critique physics, but merely to show that while it does indeed "work" for many experiments, it still cannot not tell us everything about reality.
Example Question #2 : Identifying And Analyzing Main Idea And Theme In Science Passages
"The Multiple Sides of Computer Science" by Matthew Minerd (2014)
It often takes some time for a new discipline to become recognized as an independent science. An excellent example of this is computer science. In many ways, this science still is a hodgepodge of several different sciences, each one having its own distinct character. For example, some computer scientists are almost indistinguishable from mathematicians. Many of the most difficult topics in pattern recognition and data communications require intensive mathematics in order to provide software solutions. Years of training in the appropriate disciplines are necessary before the computer scientist can even begin to work as a programmer in such areas. In contrast to those computer scientists who work with complex mathematics, many computer scientists work on areas of hardware development that are similar to disciplines like electrical engineering and physics.
However, computer science has its own particular problems regarding the unity of its subject matter. There are many practical applications for computing work; therefore, many computer scientists focus on learning a large set of skills in programming languages, development environments, and even information technology. All of these disciplines have a certain practical coloration that is quite distinct from the theoretical concepts used in other parts of the field. Nevertheless, these practical topics add to the broad range of topics covered by most academic programs that claim to focus on "computer science." It can only be hoped that these disciplines will increase in orderliness in the coming decades.
What is the main point introduced in the second paragraph?
Computer science only becomes "real" when it is applied to the real world
Computer science is a very practical science for most topics
The applied nature of computer science creates a unique set of problems regarding the discipline's unity
Many programmers are mere technicians, not real computer scientists
The second paragraph focuses on the fact that computer science has a host of practical applications. In particular, these practical applications make it even more difficult to see the focus of computer science studies. Therefore, they tend to hide the unity of the topic even more (that is, even beyond the more "academic" issues discussed in the first paragraph).
Adapted from The Principles of Breeding by S. L. Goodale (1861)
The Jersey cow, formerly known as the Alderney, is almost exclusively employed for dairy purposes, and may not be expected to give satisfaction for other uses. Their milk is richer than that of any other cows, and the butter made from it possesses a superior flavor and a deep rich color, and consequently commands an extraordinary price in all markets where good butter is appreciated.
Jersey cattle are of Norman origin, and are noted for their milking properties. The cows are generally very docile and gentle, but the males when past two or three years of age often become vicious and unmanageable. It is said that the cows fatten readily when dry.
There is no branch of cattle husbandry which promises better returns than the breeding and rearing of milch cows. In the vicinity of large towns and cities are many cows which having been culled from many miles around, on account of dairy properties, are considerably above the average, but taking the cows of the country together they do not compare favorably with the oxen. Farmers generally take more pride in their oxen, and strive to have as good or better than any of their neighbors, while if a cow will give milk enough to rear a large steer calf and a little besides, it is often deemed satisfactory.
The main purpose of this article is __________.
to describe the properties of the Jersey cow
to encourage the breeding of dairy cows
to explain the basics of animal husbandry
to reflect on the differences between various cows in England
to argue against the use of dairy cows for meat
In the first two paragraphs, the author primarily describes the properties of the Jersey cow, but his reason for doing so is to make an argument encouraging the greater selective breeding of dairy cows. This can be seen, for example, when the author says "There is no branch of cattle husbandry which promises better returns than the breeding and rearing of milch cows." You can then see how the third paragraph is primarily a discussion of how farmers err by not focusing more of their attention in selectively breeding their dairy cows.
Example Question #1 : Understanding Main Ideas In Natural Science Passages
Adapted from "Birds in Retreat" in "Animal Defences—Active Defence" in Volume Four of The Natural History of Animals: The Animal Life of the World in Its Various Aspects and Relations by James Richard Ainsworth Davis (1903)
Among the large running birds are forms, like the African ostrich, in which the absence of powers of flight is largely compensated by the specialization of the legs for the purpose of rapid movement on the ground. For straightforward retreat in open country nothing could be more effective; but another kind of adaptation is required in birds like rails, which are deficient in powers of flight, and yet are able to run through thickly-growing vegetation with such rapidity as to commonly elude their enemies. This is rendered possible by the shape of their bodies, which are relatively narrow and flattened from side to side, so as to easily slip between the stems of grasses, rushes, and similar plants. Anyone who has pursued our native land-rail or corn-crake with intent to capture will have noted how extremely difficult it is even to get within sight of a bird of this sort.
Certain birds, unfortunately for themselves, have lost the power of flight without correspondingly increased powers of running, and have paid the penalty of extinction. Such an arrangement, as might be anticipated, was the result of evolution in islands devoid of any predatory ground-animals, and a classic example of it is afforded by the dodo and its allies, birds related to the pigeons. The dodo itself was a large and clumsy-looking species that at one time abounded in the island of Mauritius, which, like oceanic islands generally, possessed no native mammals, while its indigenous reptiles were only represented by lizards. The ubiquitous sailor, however, and the animals (especially swine) which he introduced, brought about the extinction of this helpless bird in less than a century after its first discovery in 1598. Its memory is now only kept green by a few contemporary drawings and descriptions, certain museum remains, and the proverb "as extinct as a dodo." A similar fate must overtake any organism suddenly exposed to new and unfavorable conditions, if devoid of sufficient plasticity to rapidly accommodate itself to the altered environment.
Which of the following best states the main idea of this passage?
Birds employ a variety of defenses for avoiding predators.
The African ostrich's strong leg muscles makes it well adapted to its environment.
Flightless birds adapt to their particular surroundings.
The extinction of the dodo can be traced to human causes.
Flightless birds sometimes develop strong running abilities, but if they don't, they may be threatened with extinction.
When asked to identify a passage's main idea, it is important to pick out an answer choice to which all of the paragraphs can relate, but that is not too broad in including things that the passage does not discuss. Considering if each of the answer choices falls into one or another of these categories can help you narrow down your choices. For instance, "Birds employ a variety of defenses for avoiding predators" is far too broad to accurately describer this passage's main idea. The author only discusses flightless birds, not all birds. "Flightless birds adapt to their particular surroundings" cannot be correct either, as the first paragraph discusses this, but the second paragraph discusses a flightless bird that did not adapt to its surroundings. Since the second paragraph can't relate to this answer, it can't be the main idea of the entire passage. Two of the remaining answer choices can be discarded due to their being too detailed: "The African ostrich's strong leg muscles makes it well adapted to its environment" and "The extinction of the dodo can be traced to human causes." While the first of these choices is stated in the first paragraph and the second is stated in the second paragraph, neither relates to the other paragraph, or even adequately summarizes the entire paragraph in which it appears. This leaves us with one answer choice, the correct one: "Flightless birds sometimes develop strong running abilities, but if they don't, they may be threatened with extinction." Each of the two paragraphs can relate to this answer choice, but it doesn't include things that the passage doesn't discuss.
Example Question #4 : Contemporary Life Passages
Adapted from "Errors in Our Food Economy" in Scientific American Supplement No. 1082 Vol. XLII (September 26th, 1896)
Scientific research, interpreting the observations of practical life, implies that several errors are common in the use of food.
First, many people purchase needlessly expensive kinds of food, doing this under the false impression that there is some peculiar virtue in the costlier materials, and that economy in our diet is somehow detrimental to our dignity or our welfare. And, unfortunately, those who are most extravagant in this respect are often the ones who can least afford it.
Secondly, the food which we eat does not always contain the proper proportions of the different kinds of nutritive ingredients. We consume relatively too much of the fuel ingredients of food, such as the fats of meat and butter, and the starch which makes up the larger part of the nutritive material of flour, potatoes, sugar, and sweetmeats. Conversely, we have relatively too little of the protein of flesh-forming substances, like the lean of meat and fish and the gluten of wheat, which make muscle and sinew and which are the basis of blood, bone and brain.
Thirdly, many people, not only the well-to-do, but those in moderate circumstances, use needless quantities of food. Part of the excess, however, is simply thrown away with the wastes of the table and the kitchen; so that the injury to health, great as it may be, is doubtless much less than if all were eaten. Probably the worst sufferers from this evil are well-to-do people of sedentary occupations.
Finally, we are guilty of serious errors in our cooking. We waste a great deal of fuel in the preparation of our food, and even then a great deal of the food is very badly cooked. A reform in these methods of cooking is one of the economic demands of our time.
The primary theme of this essay is that __________.
Poorer people are particularly vulnerable to changes in the food market.
The economic divide between wealthy and poor people is contributing negatively to the supply of food in the world.
Humans misuse their food resources heavily to the detriment of individual health and social equality.
If humanity is to survive the massive growth in population, people need to get smarter about the types and quantities of food they consume.
Wealthy people are just as guilty as poor people when it comes to eating a nutritionally balanced diet.
While it is true that the differences between wealthy people and poor people in the purchase, preparation, and consumption of food is an important theme in this text, it is more accurate to say that the primary theme is that all "humans misuse their food resources heavily." The author employs examples of the ways in which poor and wealthy people both do this to demonstrate that this mistake is not unique to one or the other, but rather is a universal tendency of humanity.
Adapted from "How the Soil is Made" by Charles Darwin in Wonders of Earth, Sea, and Sky (1902, ed. Edward Singleton Holden)
Worms have played a more important part in the history of the world than most persons would at first suppose. In almost all humid countries they are extraordinarily numerous, and for their size possess great muscular power. In many parts of England a weight of more than ten tons (10,516 kilograms) of dry earth annually passes through their bodies and is brought to the surface on each acre of land, so that the whole superficial bed of vegetable mould passes through their bodies in the course of every few years. From the collapsing of the old burrows, the mold is in constant though slow movement, and the particles composing it are thus rubbed together. Thus the particles of earth, forming the superficial mold, are subjected to conditions eminently favorable for their decomposition and disintegration. This keeps the surface of the earth perfectly suited to the growth of an abundant array of fruits and vegetables.
Worms are poorly provided with sense-organs, for they cannot be said to see, although they can just distinguish between light and darkness; they are completely deaf, and have only a feeble power of smell; the sense of touch alone is well developed. They can, therefore, learn little about the outside world, and it is surprising that they should exhibit some skill in lining their burrows with their castings and with leaves, and in the case of some species in piling up their castings into tower-like constructions. But it is far more surprising that they should apparently exhibit some degree of intelligence instead of a mere blind, instinctive impulse, in their manner of plugging up the mouths of their burrows. They act in nearly the same manner as would a man, who had to close a cylindrical tube with different kinds of leaves, petioles, triangles of paper, etc., for they commonly seize such objects by their pointed ends. But with thin objects a certain number are drawn in by their broader ends. They do not act in the same unvarying manner in all cases, as do most of the lower animals.
What "important part in the history of the world" does the author believe worms have played?
They demonstrate intelligence, providing evidence of non-human sentience.
They provide food for birds, maintaining bird populations around the world.
They consume waste, keeping the earth clean and healthy.
They break up rocks, keeping the earth level and flat.
They recycle the surface layer of soil, keeping it fresh and fertile.
The first paragraph is essentially one long explanation about the very important role that worms have played in history of the world. The author begins by saying "Worms have played a more important part in the history of the world than most | 3,054 |
Not the card game, no! I mean for<|fim_middle|> and a spoon-shape part that can be used to clean the inside of the fish. With an innovative mind, Mika managed to put all those details into the Ricu Cut and Clean, a floating multi-tool that is easy to clean. | real, go fish! It's the perfect season for it and we got the perfect tool for cleaning the fish too. Ricu Cut and Clean is a Fisherman's Must Have.
Ricu Cut and Clean is safe, it's easy, it is all Finnish made, and it's red and floats!
Starting from the color which may seem like a minor detail. It's not. If you clean the fish out there in the wilderness or by the riverbank, the red color helps you locate your RICU Cut and Clean easily. Plus RICU floats! If you accidentally drop the tool and it ends up in the water, don't worry! It's not gone for good. It will just pop back on the surface where you can easily pick it up.
If you catch the fish, you should also be able to clean it yourself. Usually when you decide to go fishing, you have a huge box of supplies with you. Hooks, cords and all the things you may or may not need. Then you have the knife and other fish cleaning stuff there too. Usually the one item you need, is also missing on the crucial moment when you would need to clean the fish. Ricu Cut and Clean is available on amazon.com.
Mika Leinonen from Naantali, Finland, is a very enthusiastic fisherman. He got tired of always searching for the fish cleaning equipment from his toolbox and started creating a simple multi-task tool that would deem all other supplies useless. What he wanted the tool to include was a blade for cutting, a grinder-type of surface for cleaning the scales | 323 |
Delving Into The Great Unknowns
September 30, 2011 by Lacey Henry Leave a Comment
GREATUNKNOWNS.COM
Despite the slightly ironic nature of their name, The Great Unknowns have struck a chord in the hearts of many with their alternative-country sound. The Great Unknowns will perform tonight at the Rock N Roll Hotel in D.C. to preview their upcoming album Homefront. Proceeds from the event will be donated to the philanthropic organization Cause, Comfort for America's Uniformed Services.
The story of<|fim_middle|> veterans will receive complementary gifts. Natalie York and Owen Danoff will be opening for The Great Unknowns.
For first-time listeners, it may be time to face the music and discover something great in the unknown.
About Lacey Henry
Special to The Hoya | the band's journey within the music industry largely surrounds singer, songwriter and frontwomanBecky Warren. Long before she received her master's degree from the Communication, Culture and Technology program at Georgetown University, Warren had been interested in music. However, the band didn't form until after she attended Wellesley College and began to collaborate with other musicians in the Boston area.
What had at first been intended as a simple record to be shared with family and friends ultimately became the catalyst for her professional career. In a twist of fate, Indigo Girls' Amy Ray received a copy of the record and loved what she heard. Ray signed the group with her record label, Daemon Records. The band members never imagined that in the coming year they would grow from recording in a college studio to traveling on tour with the iconic Indigo Girls; thus the name The Great Unknowns.
"The name just felt right, because we felt like we were doing something we would be proud of, but we didn't think that many people would ever hear it," Warren said.
The Great Unknowns flourished in the unexpected success of the release of their first album, 2004's Presenting The Great Unknowns, until a combination of circumstances led the band to stop recording. After this, the band faded back into obscurity for about five years.
"We were all living in different cities, and I had also gotten married to a soldier who went to Iraq. He came back with PTSD, which made our marriage pretty difficult," Warren said. "During that time I just had a lot going on with that, and everyone was in different places, so we weren't recording."
In the span of the next five years, Warren continued to sing for various cover bands, but she was not writing any original music. The strain of her husband's stress disorder ultimately led to the end of the marriage.
A short time afterward Warren rediscovered her songwriting voice in the midst of what Georgetown students remember as "Snowpocalypse," the major snowstorm that hit D.C. in February 2010. With several feet of snow confining her to her house, Warren reconnected with The Great Unknowns bass player Altay Guvench. Together they joined the online phenomenon known as February Album Writing Month, or FAWM.
Once she started, Warren said she couldn't stop. Impassioned with a writing fury, she began to express her emotions of frustration, isolation and hardship, which became a therapeutic experience for her. The songs that she wrote during this time reflected the feelings she confronted during the struggle of her marriage and formed the core message of her new album.
"I feel a renewed and more intense drive to be out there playing the music for people, because I missed several years of doing that," Warren said. "I feel really proud of our first record, but it didn't say anything the way this record does, so it's a change that this time I'm hoping the record will be a way of shining a light on the needs of veterans and their families."
The next album, Homefront, is expected to be released this winter. Warren said the title song"Homefront" encapsulates the fundamental meaning of the album.
"The song is from the point of view of a veteran, and it's about what it's like to return and to feel like, you know, you don't have this supportive homefront that people had in previous wars," Warren said. "It's also about the burden on families that comes from having to become that homefront for them because it doesn't sort of exist naturally. So that is really the center of the record."
Fellow band member Guvench said he was excited to restart the band. "This is what Becky was made to be doing. I feel like my purpose was to be a catalyst and support her in making the music,"Guvench said.
During the band's hiatus, Warren was also inspired to become involved in efforts to reach out to returning veterans and their families. She began to volunteer for Cause at the Walter Reed Army Medical Center in D.C.
The nationwide organization was founded in 2003 by veterans of the Vietnam War who graduated from West Point. They wanted to ensure that this generation of war fighters received the comfort and support on the homefront that they had been denied. The mission of Cause is to offer recovering veterans and their families a variety of entertainment and healing programs.
"We provide recreation, relaxation and resiliency programs for the wounded veterans. Our mission is to bring them comfort, laughter, smiles and just to get them to take a break from their stressful lives during the healing process," Brianna Broad, development coordinator for Cause, said. "The wounded need to be shown that our nation supportsthem."
As a volunteer, Warren was impressed by Cause's commitment to the veterans and the strong impact of their work. While searching for an organization to partner with for the upcoming performance she said that Cause was the obvious choice, and her band members agreed.
Lead guitarist Avril Smith said, "I think it's a fantastic partnership. It fits really well with the stories in the songs. There's a connection with the work they do of providing positive experiences for wounded veterans."
Cause was also enthusiastic about the collaboration.
"Their message is very patriotic and that is exactly what we stand for. … This is definitely a great way to raise awareness, and people are having fun listening to music, but doing it for a good cause," Broad said.
As of now Warren works for the British Embassy in internal communications but says she wants to further her music career. In the future she hopes to collaborate with more organizations and continue to make an impact on the lives of recovering veterans and their families through her songs.
The performance begins at 9 p.m. on Friday at the Rock N Roll Hotel. Admission is $10 and attending | 1,189 |
NBC SPORTS NETWORK
NBCSN PRESENTS 89TH BLUE-GOLD GAME THIS SATURDAY, APRIL 21, AT 12:30 P.M. ET FROM NOTRE DAME STADIUM IN SOUTH BEND
Head Coach Brian Kelly Wired for Sound; Broadcast Features Player & Alumni Interviews
Paul Burmeister and 1984 Heisman Trophy Winner Doug Flutie to<|fim_middle|>old Game.
NBCSN's coverage of the Blue-Gold Game will once again feature enhanced production elements to give viewers access to additional sights, sounds and aspects of the scrimmage, including player and alumni interviews, and in-game audio from head coach Brian Kelly. In addition, Saturday's coverage will include an in-game interview with Kelly, while Notre Dame athletic director Jack Swarbrick joins Burmeister and Flutie in the booth at halftime.
Paul Burmeister will handle play-by-play duties for the game alongside 1984 Heisman Trophy winner and analyst Doug Flutie.
Notre Dame posted a 10-3 overall record in 2017, which included victories against USC, Michigan State and North Carolina State. The Fighting Irish finished No. 14 in the final College Football Playoff rankings last year following a 21-17 win against LSU in the Citrus Bowl
NOTRE DAME FOOTBALL ON NBCSPORTS.COM AND THE NBC SPORTS APP
NBCSports.com and the NBC Sports app — NBC Sports Group's live streaming platforms for desktops, mobile devices, tablets, and connected TVs — will provide extensive live streaming coverage of the 2018 Notre Dame Football on NBC season via "TV Everywhere," giving consumers additional value for their subscription service, and making high quality content available to MVPD customers both in and out of the home and on multiple platforms.
NBCSports.com and the NBC Sports app are powered by Playmaker Media and available on the iTunes App Store, Google Play, Windows Store, Roku Channel Store, Apple TV and Amazon Fire.
-NBC SPORTS GROUP- | Call Annual Spring Football Scrimmage
Broadcast to Feature In-Game Interview with Coach Kelly; Athletic Director Jack Swarbrick Joins Burmeister-Flutie in Booth at Halftime
STAMFORD, Conn. – April 19, 2018 – NBCSN will present the 2018 Notre Dame Football Blue-Gold Game this Saturday, April 21, at 12:30 p.m. ET, from Notre Dame Stadium in South Bend, Ind.
The annual spring football scrimmage will provide fans with a preview of what to look for from the 2018 Fighting Irish, including first-year coordinator Clark Lea's defense and the quarterback competition between Brandon Wimbush and Ian Book. NBCSports.com and the NBC Sports app – NBC Sports Group's live streaming product for desktops, mobile devices, tablets, and connected TVs – will stream coverage of the 2018 Notre Dame Blue-G | 197 |
Home > STEM > The Trouble with Time Travel
The Trouble with Time Travel
STEPHEN W. MARTIN is the author of Robot Smash!, Charlotte and the Rock and Stewart's Best Pen. He has also written for Frederator's Bravest Warriors and the Netflix series Trash Truck. Stephen<|fim_middle|> again, and again...
Joyful and uproarious, this is a one-of-a-kind circular tale that plays on the perils of time travel.
Stephen W. Martin, Cornelia Li
Lexile® CodeN/A
"The eclectic, energetic art steals the show. Rev up your flux capacitors, because the space-time continuum will never be the same again." - Kirkus Reviews
"An enjoyable flit through history—a humorous, lighthearted adventure." - Foreword Reviews
"A little sci-fi, a little STEM, and a whole lot of fun." - Booklist
"Provides a hilarious romp that celebrates the freedom of choice a child has as well as a child's potential for innovation." - Canadian Review of Materials | resides in Los Angeles, California but misses Newfoundland.
CORNELIA LI is a Chinese-born illustrator currently based in Toronto, Canada. Her work has been recognized by the Society of Illustration, American Illustration, Communication Arts, The Association of Illustrators, 3x3 Illustration, and others.
By Stephen W. Martin and Cornelia Li
From 3 to 7 | 24 pages
Default Title $18.95 CAD
ISBN: 9781771473323 | Book | $18.95 CAD
Max and her dog, Boomer, are in trouble. Big trouble. Max has accidentally smashed an heirloom vase: the only treasure her great-great-great-great-great-great-grandma managed to save when her houseboat sank 234 years ago. Max can come clean—or, she can build a time machine! If she travels to the past and smashes the vase then, there will be nothing for her to break in the future. Brilliant!
In the time machine—surprisingly easy to construct—Max and Boomer bump around to the past and the future, tangle the string of time, and crash into the ancestral houseboat, promptly sinking it. And in the past, the vase remains intact. Disheartened, Max and Boomer return to the moment just before their adventure began, to warn themselves NOT to build a time machine. In spite of the warning, Max tosses a Frisbee for Boomer, directly in the direction of the vase, and their wild adventure begins again, and | 331 |
By SNEHA MARY.A on January 12, 2022 • ( 1 Comment )
The term 'metaphysical' was first applied to Donne by Dryden and later extended to a group of poets by Dr. Johnson. It has been used to describe the special characteristics of the poetry of John Donne and his followers in the 17th century. John Dryden first used this term in connections to the poetry of John Donne and the same was confirmed by Dr. Samuel Johnson. At the beginning of the 17th century, there appeared a group of poets who reacted against the conventions of Elizabethan love poetry and wrote more colloquial, witty, passionately intense, and psychologically probing poetry. This group came to known as the metaphysical poets. They include John Donne, Andrew Marvell<|fim_middle|>Dr. Samuel Johnson
Dr. Johnson thought that from the Aristotelian point of view they were not poets at all. Though their learning and subtlely were high, they were wholly concerned with something unexpected and surprising. Johnson says that their attempts were analytic and they broke every image into fragments. "The most heterogeneous ideas are yoked by violence together; nature and art are ransacked for illustrations, comparisons, and allusions". Dr. Johnson was certainly not impressed by them. However, T.S. Eliot in the present century discovers several beauties in the metaphyscial. He sees in their Poetry "a direct sensuous apprehension of thought, or a recreation or thought into feeling". Eliot places them in the direct current of English poetry and points to their 'quaint and pleasant taste'.
John Donne, Founder of Metaphysical poetry
The metaphysical style was established by John Donne. Dryden pointed out that Donne 'affects the metaphysics not only in his satires but in his amorous verses'. Donne inspired a host of others like Suckling, Cleveland, Crashaw, and Cowley.
Metaphysical poetry resolves itself into two broad divisions amorous verse and religious verse. The amorous verse was generally written by the courtly poets like Carew, Suckling, and Lovelace and religious verse by Herbert, Crashaw, and Vaughan. Donne wrote amorous, devotional, and satirical poems. In his poetry sensuality and cynical wit mingle at times. He excelled in reflective imaginations and sober meditation. Herrick wrote amorous and religious verses and several epigrams. Crashaw was best in his religious verse. Abraham Cowley's lyrics were sweet and graceful.
In conclusion, the age of metaphysical poetry successfully presented great educational benefits and presented significant value to English literature. The significance of this age is quite clear as it presented new aspects of value and new methods of expression that were not known before the seventeenth century, the language and concepts used in metaphysical poetry are unique and present significant cleverness. It also focuses on driving the audience to imagine what they have not thought of before and capture their imaginations. Most metaphysical poets suffered from different struggles, but the one they almost all had in common was self anxiety, presented in the fear of the future of the human soul, which is what lead them to speak and express their thoughts on the journey of life and turning points. Also, most of the metaphysical poets were born in the seventeenth century and raised into religious families and therefore carried out a religious mindset, and some of them even held religious positions during his lifetime, which explains the majority of religious poetry over other types of poetry, other topics such as love was also present, and it shared the common point of desiring reciprocity results whether from God or the loved one.
Tagged as: #english, Literature
After We Fell by Anna Todd
Pingback: The Characteristics of Metaphysical Poetry – Training | , George Herbert, Abraham Cowley, Richard Crashaw, and Henry Vaughan. They were men of learning, but wrote colloquial and often metrically irregular lines filled with unusual metaphors, similes, and conceits.
| 46 |
Bubble Bobble 4 Friends
BUY NOW PRESS KIT
The popular dragons Bub and Bob are back!
Bubble Bobble 4 Friends is the latest game in the legendary Bubble Bob<|fim_middle|>thest), there are more boss fights and the shot can be charged to fire three bubbles at the same time.
Three years earlier the adventures of Bubby and Bobby are continued for the last time: The Story of Bubble Bobble 3 is the subtitle of the cult classic Parasol Stars, which is released on a handful of consoles and computers and in which the two boys are now equipped with umbrellas instead of rainbows. However, Bubble Bobble's arcade story doesn't end until 1996 with Bubble Memories, which once again subtly but skilfully varies the tried and tested bubble shooting and bouncing. The most significant change is a Super Bubble, which allows Bub and Bob to enclose huge or already captured opponents for massive chain reactions and loads of points.
Although the video game industry finally outgrows the arcade during the 1990s, the history of the Bubble Bobble series is far from over. New variations and episodes of Bubble Bobble and Rainbow Islands appear in the following years, especially for handheld consoles such as Nintendo DS or PlayStation Portable, and owners of Wii and Xbox 360 can also have fun with Bub and Bob. After ten years of relative calm, the two dragons are now returning with some of their friends for a true sequel to the legendary game series: Bubble Bobble 4 Friends will be released exclusively for Nintendo Switch on November 19 and will take – 33 years after its debut – the eternal bubble fight into a new era!
Stephan Freundorfer
Official Trailers
Official Announcement Trailer - 2019
Announcement Trailer 2019 - DE
Announcement Trailer 2019 - EN
Official Announcement Trailer - Coming to NA 2020
Official Release Trailer (PEGI)
Official Announcement Trailer (ERSB)
Out Now in NA (with major news)!
Coming to PS4 - Official Announcement Trailer
Key Art & Screenshots
LogosDownload all Images (Zip 4 MB)
Bubble Bobble 4 Friends game page at iningames.com:
Bubble Bobble 4 Friends game page:
Retail Edition - Nintendo Switch | ble series from Taito. Play alone or with up to 3 friends in couch co-op mode and jump your bubble dragons through 100 levels to defy the wicked magician Bonner and his henchmen. The bubbles don't just let you trap your opponents, either – your dragons can also jump on them to reach higher platforms.
Collect E-X-T-E-N-D bubbles to activate and upgrade skills, such as lightning and bomb bubbles. Develop countless new strategies to travel through the worlds and take advantage of air currents. The original Bubble Bobble arcade game from 1986 is also included, which captured the hearts of players around the world and still has fans humming its title melody today. A celebration for fans and fun for the whole family!
• Single-Player Mode
• up to 4 players in cooperative play
• 100 Stages, 5 Bosses
• Skill system – learn and upgrade special skills
• includes legendary Bubble Bobble arcade game from 1986 (with 2-player co-op mode)
Media Feedback
»As in the previous highly popular series, the thrilling and epic bubble fight starts again! [...] In the '80s and '90s, the players jumped through the levels either solo or in the two-player mode. In the new part of the popular Bubble Bobble series, a 4-player cooperative mode is integrated, providing even more fun with friends. «
Old School Gamer Magazine
»It's time for Bub and Bob to start up their bubble fights once again, but this time there are more options than ever. «
»Chapter 4 Friends of Bubble Bobble will be entrusted to the loving care of ININ Games and will mark the return to the style of Taito's on the scene video game international. «
Nerd4.life
»Bubble Bobble is one of those franchises that just cracks a smile on to so many faces. «
Age Ratings:
© TAITO CORPORATION 1986, 2020 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
Press Kit: Bubble Bobble 4 Friends
Please select a Section
https://bubblebobble4friends.inin.games/
https://www.iningames.com/games/bubble-bobble-4-friends/
33 YEARS OF VIDEOGAME HISTORY
The adventures of Bub and Bob aren't reserved for arcade gamers for long: In the year after the Bubble Bobble debut of 1986, conversions are already released for home computers and consoles such as C64 and NES – to date some 20 different platforms have been supplied with the stunning bubble action.
Designer Fukio Mitsuji doesn't rest on his laurels for long, however, but relies on innovation and uniqueness for the successor: Rainbow Islands: The Story of Bubble Bobble 2 is the name of his creation, which is released to the arcade as early as 1987 and soon gets converted to countless computers and consoles. Bubby and Bobby, as the heroes in their now human form are called, shoot rainbows instead of bubbles to fight insect monsters and climb vertically scrolling levels.
The cute, colourful graphic style and the fresh, clever game mechanics of Rainbow Islands imply its affinity with Bubble Bobble. But the fans of Bub and Bob will have to wait a few more years for the direct continuation of the bubble-hopper. It isn't until 1994 that Taito brings a real Part 2 entitled Bubble Symphony to the arcade and later to Sega's Saturn console. The two well-known dragons are joined by the girls Kululun and Cororon, who are also transformed into cuddly lizards. Compared to Bubble Bobble, the changes in the game mechanics are only subtle: The four dragons differ slightly in their abilities (for example, Bob runs fastest, Kululun shoots fur | 788 |
Canterbury Lane, or "The Lane" is a locally owned boutique shopping experience located in South Tulsa. The Lane specializes in unique gifts and home decor. Canterbury Lane in Tulsa offers a unique variety of gifts for all reasons and seasons. Located just off of South Yale Avenue, the cozy store is packed with gifts for any season, holiday or occasion. Walking into Canterbury Lane is like walking into a dozen niche boutiques all at once. An expansive variety of gifts for every occasion<|fim_middle|> age. | is beautifully displayed within the four walls of the family-owned and operated shop. Opened 11 years ago by her mother, now owner Allison Benesh says her favorite aspect of owning the unique store is unpacking new shipments of the ever-changing inventory. With gifts for every imaginable occasion, Canterbury Lane strives to keep up with trends while maintaining timeless classics sure to delight every | 74 |
At Burleigh Surf take full advantage of our great facilities during your stay at our superb 3 bedroom apartments Burleigh Heads.
Choose from swimming in two inviting pools at our Burleigh Heads resort accommodation! Enjoy a refreshing swim in our large outdoor pool and enjoy a good book by the poolside as you soak up the sun. Our indoor pool is just as inviting with a glass ceiling and poolside sun beds for your relaxation. If you just want to unwind during your Gold Coast stay then detoxify and rejuvenate your muscles in our onsite steam room! Leave satisfied and feeling fully revived. Or if you like to keep healthy and stay fit that's no problem at Burleigh Surf, where we have a well-equipped gym exclusive for all of our guests, and not to forget a full size tennis court! Enjoy an afternoon tennis session or even play at night - our tennis court is fully floodlit.
The entertainment continues at our onsite games room. After swimming in our two luxury pools enjoy a few games of pool with a friend. For a great meal, choose from either of our three alfresco dining areas and enjoy a laid-back barbecue dinner with your friends and<|fim_middle|> accommodation, we have enough facilities to keep you entertained and relaxed for the whole duration of your stay. | family.
At our Burleigh Surf tour desk, let us take care of your trips and days out on the Gold Coast! See what events are happening at the Gold Coast Convention and Exhibition Centre, or be sure to find something exciting happening in Surfers Paradise! We'll book your tickets to the best local attractions and make sure you get the best price.
For all of our guests, we offer free and exclusive parking at our Burleigh Beachfront Accommodation. At our Burleigh Surf | 97 |
Entertain your colleagues with a golf outing, put together a tournament for fun, coordinate a groom's golf outing, host your charity's fundraising tournament, play golf after your<|fim_middle|>, Las Colinas features a course that is both challenging and enjoyable for players of all skill levels. From planning to preparation, our tournament professionals provide personalized service and help take care of the details and ensure your guests are treated to the private club experience. | next meeting and more. The possibilities are endless. From our amazing golf course to the presentation of the food, service and elegant atmosphere, Las Colinas Country Club is the perfect location for your next golf outing. Our commitment is to provide first-class planning, quality cuisine and service that will make your event memorable.
To find out more, contact our Private Events Team.
Located in Irving, Las Colinas Country Club provides the ideal setting for golf tournaments and outings of all sizes. Named one of the Best Country Clubs in DFW 2015 by AvidGolfer magazine | 117 |
It's hard to believe, but we are<|fim_middle|> goals per game, and are giving up 2.6 goals per game. | fast approaching the midway point of the season. The cream has started to rise to the top, while the struggling teams sink to the bottom. The New York Islanders are much closer to the top than the bottom, but they will have a tricky road trip to Toronto on Tuesday, December 29. The face-off in the Air Canada Centre is set for 7 PM EST on TVA. Be sure to check MyBookie for the latest NHL betting odds.
On paper, you would expect the Islanders to come away with the win in this one, but they have not been a particularly good team on the road. The Maple Leafs may be struggling this year, but they are always tough to beat on home ice. Goals may be at a premium in this one, making the OVER/UNDER a pretty tricky proposition. Watch online here.
The Islanders (19-12-5) are currently sitting in 3rd spot in the Metropolitan Division, and are putting together a pretty solid season. Where they would like to improve is on the road, as they are just 7-6-3 there this year. Things have been a little up and down as of late for the Islanders, as they are just 5-4-1 in their last 10 games. Their last game was a home ice affair against these same Maple Leafs, and they went down 3-1 in that one. The Islanders are 16-20 ATS this season, and have an O/U record of 12-21-3. The Islanders do well after struggling to score in their previous game, as they are 7-3 SU when they score 2 or fewer goals in their previous game. The Islanders are averaging 2.6 goals per game, and are giving up 2.3 goals per game.
We are pretty much getting what we expected from the Maple Leafs (13-14-7) this season, and if truth be told, they may actually be a little better than what was being predicted. The Leafs are at the bottom of the Atlantic Division, but their 5-3-2 record in their last 10 games suggests that they are not going to be a pushover. The Leafs area pretty healthy 22-12 ATS this season, while their O/U record sits at 14-17-3. The Maple Leafs are playing a little better defensively of late, and their last two games have gone UNDER. The Leafs are averaging 2.5 | 514 |
It's in the legendary Cinecittà Studios (Italy) that we contributed to the magic of a private event, more exactcly a birthday.
We achieved a video mapping performance that put forward contents linked to the evening's topic that was dear to the jubilee : an icy realm. We made video projections on water fountains but also on<|fim_middle|> amazing artistic performances, followed by an indoor show with the staging of two world-renowned singers who are Alicia Keys and Emeli Sandé. | ice structures (including stalactites) that we especially designed and created on this occasion.
This show full of surprises and wonders, that also included human performances , made the evening such a memorable birthday. At the same time we took charge of the artistic direction of the motion design for the impressive show of the director Luc Petit that took place on the afternoon. The latter comprised an outdoor show, worthy of Ancient Rome, with | 84 |
The Tutorial examples/re-tutorial.lhs provides an introduction to the package with simple examples that you can try out in your favourite Haskell REPL and references to examples in the example programs and library code.
The Library Tests examples/re-tests.lhs contains a number of test suites for exercising various components of the library.
The NGINX Log Processor Example examples/re-nginx-log-processor.lhs provides an extended example of large-scale RE development with the regex test bench.
The Include Processor Example examples/re-include.lhs is the starting point for the preprocessor that we use to generate the tutorial HTML and its derived test suite.
The Cabal Processor Example examples/re-gen-cabals.lhs is the Sed preprocessor we use to generate our cabal file from the template in lib/regex-master.cabal.
The Tutorial Preprocessor examples/re-prep.lhs contains the tool we use to generate the tutorial HTML and its<|fim_middle|>.
Text.RE.Tools.Sed contains the Sed tool for building awk-like text processors.
Text.RE.Tools.Grep contains a simple grep tool for extracting lines that match a RE from a file.
Text.RE.Tools.Lex contains a simple scanning tool for building prototype scanners before being discarded or converted into Alex scanners.
Text.RE.Internal.NamedCaptures is an internal library module for dealing with named captures in REs. | derived test suite.
The API Module Generator examples/re-gen-modules.lhs contains a tool for generating the parts of the API that can be easily synthesized from a seed/master module.
The Cabal-file Generator examples/re-gen-modules.lhs contains a tool for generating the cabal file from the template(s) in lib/cabal-masters.
The league-table generator examples/re-top.lhs generates top-n league tables from this openfootball data. Some example tables can be found here.
Some of the library modules have been prepared as literate programs for easy browsing of their underlying source code.
Text.RE.Capture contains the definitions of the Matches, Match and Capture data types (with helpers) that form the foundations for everything else.
Text.RE.Replace contains the text-replacement toolkit.
Text.RE.Options contains the Options types for controlling RE parsing and compilation.
Text.RE.IsRegex contains the IsRegex class for writing polymorphic regex tools that work with all regex back ends and text type combinations.
Text.RE.TestBench contains the test bench used to build the standard macro environment and can be used for developing other macro environments with test and documentation.
Text.RE.Edit contains the polymorphic editing toolkit used by Text.RE.Tools.Sed | 241 |
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DropToCD (DataCD) is all that you need to make data CDs (multisession, bootable), ISO images (Joliet, ISO9660), erase CDs (full, quick). | ISO. you can: 1. Open and extract ISO File. Create ISO file from hard disk files or CD/DVD-ROM. Edit an existing ISO file directly. Convert image files between ISO/BIN and other formats. PowerISO can convert almost all image file formats to a standard ISO format file. .
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you can now easily turn any Windows 7 or Windows 8 ISO image or other installation media or folder into a bootable USB drive. You can install Windows from USB media easily thanks to WindowsToUSB Lite. an extremely easy-to-use portable application which you don''t even need | 609 |
Mimi's Number 2: Municipal Auditorium
There are certain buildings in Sarasota that would truly devastate me forever to see gone. This is one of them. The Municipal Auditorium is likely a building<|fim_middle|> Auditorium was designed by Thomas Reed Martin (who also designed the Roth Cigar Factory, the L.D. Reagin house, and the Colombia Restaurant in Tampa) and his son, Clarence A. Martin. I really love it's Art Deco/Moderne design, which fits so beautifully with the surrounding landscape.
July 10, 1937 | Sarasota Herald
The Municipal Auditorium was completed just in time for the opening of the Sara de Soto celebration on February 24, 1938. To illustrate how necessary this project was for the City, more than 3,000 people attended that opening celebration. The only other large indoor space within the City at that time was the Mira Mar Auditorium, but this historian recalls that that space only sat 1,200.
Interior of the Municipal Auditorium between 1942-1945 when it was used as the Army-Navy Clubhouse during WWII | Florida Memory
One particular aspect of the Municipal Auditorium that I feel is often overlooked (in my opinion, because the giant LED street sign is in the way) is the Hazzard Fountain. Donated by R.P. Hazzard, a shoe manufacturer from Maine, the fountain was designed by Thomas' other son, Frank Martin at a cost of $8,000. The fountain has been moved several times, and for a brief period was located at the John and Mable Ringling Museum.
What I particularly love about the Municipal Auditorium is that is was, and always has been, a gathering place for the community. High School graduations have taken place here, the Sarasota Orchestra performed here for decades (until the Van Wezel was constructed in 1969), dances and events of all kinds. In this one building, people have made lifelong commitments to one another, political issues have been discussed, people have purchased wares from around the world, and donated what they could at fundraisers for many a great cause. To me, a place like that has not only many stories to tell, but can be the perfect setting for stories yet to come.
By Mimi Cirbusova|2019-09-09T12:09:14+00:00September 9th, 2019|Blog|
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An Open Letter to Sarasota's First Female Postmaster, Carrie Abbe
Jack Installs a Telephone
From Tampa to Miami: The Tamiami Trail | that you've driven past hundreds, if not thousands, of times before if you live in Sarasota. Maybe you've been inside for a special event, like a wedding, fundraiser, or (my annual favorite) Atomic Holiday Bazaar. This half-barrel building on the bay is truly special and reminds me of a saying Andrea and I embrace: "It's not good because it's old, it's old because it's good."
It's important to start this by looking at what Sarasota was enduring before the Municipal Auditorium was ever conceived. The booming real estate years of the early 1920s came to a grinding halt at the end of 1926, and the stock market crash of 1929 that launched the Great Depression meant that many Sarasotans were out of work and out of luck. City leaders fought tirelessly to find ways to alleviate the economic struggles so many families were facing by pursuing federal funding through two Roosevelt-era programs: 1) Public Works Administration program (PWA), and 2) Works Projects Administration program (WPA). The PWA and the WPA worked in conjunction with one another; PWA was funding to construct public buildings, while the WPA was meant to employ people to build the buildings.
Feb. 4, 1935 | Sarasota Herald
Mayor E.A. Smith is credited with dreaming up the Municipal Auditorium and Bayfront Park in 1935. The City of Sarasota had acquired the land during the Great Depression (thank goodness) by buying tax certificates of $15,000 which had been accrued by the property owners. To obtain the federal funding needed for the project, a substantial advance of $10,000 was needed. In March of 1937, prominent businessmen came together to advance the money for the City. The federal government then agreed to give $131,000 for the project in two grants and paid for the unskilled labor through WPA. To put that into perspective, that's nearly $2 million in 2018 dollars. They broke ground in July 1937.
The Municipal | 447 |
10gen<|fim_middle|>, a former CTO at DoubleClick, the Web advertising company that Google acquired for $3.1 billion, started MongoDB in 2007 with current CTO Eliot Horowitz.
Tagged with: 10gen, database, DoubleClick, Dwight Merriman, Flybridge Capital Partners, Google, In-Q-Tel, Industry Moves, Intel Capital, Max Schireson, MongoDB, NEA, open source, Red Hat, Sequoia Capital, Union Square Ventures | Promotes Schireson to CEO Slot
January 29, 2013 at 7:00 am PT
10gen, the company behind the open-source MongoDB database software, said today that it has promoted its president Max Schireson to CEO. Former CEO Dwight Merriman will become Chairman.
Schireson joined New York-based 10gen in 2011, and previously served as COO at MarkLogic. Before that he spent nearly a decade at Oracle where he was chief applications architect and vice president for eCommerce and Self-Service Applications.
MongoDB has certainly got a lot of momentum behind it. It has been downloaded 3.8 million times. 10gen's commercial customers include Cisco Systems, Disney, eBay, Salesforce.com and FourSquare. It has raised more than $81 million in funding from investors including Flybridge Capital Partners, In-Q-Tel, Intel Capital, NEA, Red Hat, Sequoia Capital and Union Square Ventures.
Merriman | 209 |
Fifteen years ago, customers wanted to be able to resolve their issues over email; then they began to expect a reply within 24 hours. But the days when it was ok to answer an email within 24 hours are long gone, in fact, according to a survey conducted by the Fast Company, around 40% of consumers today; expect a reply within 4 hours. What's more, social media users have even less patience – 55% of Twitter, Facebook and Instagram users want an answer in less than 4 hours. Companies are responding with all hands on deck, meaning every touch point – customer service, phone, mail, live chat, and social media –to serve their busy user base.
However, the survey revealed something even more interesting – a much quieter, 70% of customers expect companies they do business with to offer a self-service support center. In other words, a majority of customers would rather click on your website, go through your how-to resources and resolve their own problems without anyone's help. To put it simply – customers want gratification so instant that they would rather not talk to you at all.
What started with Self-Check-Out lines in supermarkets, and Automated Teller Machines at banks has developed in a multi-billion dollar sharing economies populated by brands like Uber and AirBNB. While industry<|fim_middle|> cost as little as 25 cents), compared to $10 for an email and $33 for a phone call, according to Forrester Research.
Other benefits of CS software include the ability to provide 24-hour customer support without continuously paying employees through the graveyard shift, the ability to collect customer data and the software's potential in driving global reach. While successfully integrating customer self-service is certainly not an easy task for any business, it is certainly not impossible. As a matter of fact, there are numerous companies out there that offer self-services. For instance, Orange (one of the leading providers of integrated communications services in the world) allows its customers to customize their packages according to their own distinctive needs.
Now, while a well-designed platform should allow customers to work independently, you have to face it –customers will inevitably confront issues. If a customer has questions, and no one is there to answer them, the customer will surely get frustrated, which can lead to further difficulties. According to the last year's Global CX Wakeup Call Report, around 45% of customers cannot remember having a recent successful customer experience, and more than 35% of the survey respondents experienced poor response time. In addition to that, most customers have specific preferences.
According to a Mobius Poll, more than 80% of customers prefer to speak with a representative during the weekend. Thankfully, 24/7 live chat support eliminates this issue. With live chats, customers can conveniently ask their questions right from their browsers. Consequently, this reduces abandonment for customers who give up when a member of staff is not there to help. The customers will feel more satisfied to accomplish their needed tasks right away with the assistance of a live customer service member.
When the self-service principle first started to take root, in most cases, the main motivation for businesses was a search for efficiency. In their desire to build super-efficient companies, it seemed logical to have the customers perform certain tasks. In 2016, with more than 50% of businesses using self-service (according to IntelliResponse Systems), the principle can be much farther-reaching. This principle has the biggest impact when based on a win-win philosophy, and the primary goal of every organization should always be an improved customer relationship – the advantages are both efficiency and higher profits.
Nate Vickery is a business technology expert and a futurist mostly engaged in finding and implementation of the latest technology trends into SMB and startups management and marketing processes. Nate is also the editor-in-chief at business oriented blog- Bizzmarkblog.com. | giants like Facebook, Google and Amazon have risen to success based (well, at least in part) on their ability to "master the art" of self-service software. Well-rounded CS software, which has a strong self-service element is a great way to boost your company's profitability. Perhaps, the companies that use this software are able to earn more money because it is still substantially cheaper than both phone and mail options. In fact, the cost of the average web service sessions is around $1 (it can also | 103 |
Toulouse-Lautrec and the Celebrity Culture of Paris
July 30–Nov 16, 2020 | Feb 11–June 6, 2021
Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec. At the Moulin Rouge, 1892–1895. Helen Birch Bart<|fim_middle|> Culture of Paris is provided by the Allan McNab Endowed Fund. | lett Memorial Collection.
Admission actions
Exhibitions are free with museum admission.
Allan McNab Virtual Lecture: Toulouse-Lautrec and the Celebrity Culture of Paris | February 25, 2021
Toulouse-Lautrec: Representing the Celebrity Brand
Welcome to Montmartre—an outlying Parisian neighborhood known for its cabarets and dance halls—where a flamboyant nightlife exploded in the late 19th century.
Among the artists, performers, and ambitious entrepreneurs who called this bohemian quartier home was painter and printmaker Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, who made a career depicting its most colorful personalities using the relatively new advertising medium of large-scale posters.
This focused installation of his works comprises posters, paintings, and painted objects. Dynamic and instantly recognizable, Lautrec's images filled the streets of Paris and helped catapult his clients to fame. Through cutting-edge experiments in lithography, Lautrec emphasized the distinctive traits of singers and dancers such as Jane Avril, Aristide Bruant, and May Milton, as well as actors, writers, and cabaret owners, to distinguish them from their competition. Even as he helped make celebrities of others, Lautrec himself became a celebrity of sorts through the popularity of his posters and paintings, notable for their singular style and unconventional materials and techniques.
Cafés, Cabarets, and Dance Halls
At the Moulin Rouge, 1892/95
Jane Avril, 1893
Equestrienne (At the Cirque Fernando), 1887/88
Divan Japonais, 1893
At the Circus: The Bareback Rider (Au Cirque: Écuyère), 1888
Ambassadeurs: Aristide Bruant, 1892
Moulin de la Galette, 1889
May Milton, 1895
Support for Toulouse-Lautrec and the Celebrity | 419 |
Central California Soaring Club Membership is open to anyone with an interest in soaring flight. From student pilots to diamond level cross country flying, CCSC membership accommodates everyone. As an SSA Chapter, all members must maintain their membership within the SSA for our chapter and insurance purposes.
Introductory flights to soaring and the CCSC are available for $99 with one of our certified pilots. Your day will start with a short briefing on the fundamentals of soaring and a briefing on your flight. Then you will board the glider flown by an experienced pilot. Your glider will be linked to a tow plane and taken to a height of 2000 feet above the ground where it will release from tow and soar silently above the earth, rising or descending depending on lift conditions at the<|fim_middle|> in the club aircraft at a nominal cost per flight plus tow fees. See Fee Schedule below for full details.
Students enrolled full-time in an accredited school are offered a deep discount on club membership and no initiation fee.
If you are a qualified power pilot interested in towing gliders aloft, we have a membership plan specifically for this. No monthly fee. Typical weekend days will net you about 2 hrs of time for your logbook and it is a fun place to hang out if you are an aviation buff. | time of your flight. Time aloft depends on lift conditions and whether others are scheduled for the same glider. 20-30 minutes is usual for most demo flights.
The full membership entitles you to fly or train | 47 |
Right-of<|fim_middle|>. | -way (ROW) surveillance, monitoring and timely reporting is a significant component of PMC's Damage Prevention Program.
Damage Prevention's Right-of-Way (ROW) Surveillance and Monitoring process supports the continued protection of buried infrastructure, safety and security of the public, employees, contractors and the environment through regularly scheduled aerial and ground patrols, followed by detailed and timely reporting.
We conduct ROW surveillance and monitoring activities, in conformance with provincial and federal regulations, to identify conditions and activities on and adjacent to the ROW, that could potentially affect the safe operation of the asset or could compromise the safety of those working or living nearby. In particular, conditions such as construction or non-standard agricultural activity, erosion, seismic activity, loss of cover, ground movement, evidence of leaks, land use changes, and unauthorized activities are identified and addressed, as required, through ROW surveillance and monitoring.
ROW surveillance and monitoring reflects our commitment to conducting operations in safe, secure and responsible manner | 189 |
« How Choo Choo Coleman derailed Cardinals
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Grand slams are icing on Cardinals birthday cakes
August 23, 2016 by retrosimba
On a day when they would be expected to receive presents, five Cardinals delivered gifts to their team.
Julian Javier, Ted Simmons, Todd Zeile, Colby Rasmus and Randal Grichuk are Cardinals who hit grand slams on their birthdays. Each led to a Cardinals triumph.
The youngest was Rasmus at 24. The oldest was Zeile at 28. Each of the other three achieved the feat on his 25th birthday.
Four of the five grand slams occurred on birthdays between Aug. 9 and Aug. 13. The other was in September.
Here is a look at each:
Stay fair
On Aug. 9, 1961, at Forbes Field in Pittsburgh, Javier, who turned 25 that day, broke a scoreless tie with an eighth-inning grand slam off Pirates starter Joe Gibbon. The Cardinals won, 4-0, for their seventh consecutive victory.
Javier, who had been traded by the Pirates to the Cardinals a year earlier, swung at an<|fim_middle|> leagues.
Bernie Miklasz, Post-Dispatch columnist, wrote, "It was one of the best at-bats of the Cardinals' season, with Rasmus falling behind in the count 0-and-2, fouling off two pitches and working the duel back to 3-and-2 before launching a deep broadside toward the fake tugboat the Reds keep in center field."
As the ball carried over the fence, Rasmus raised his fist in the air.
"After I hit that ball, I probably was about as jacked as I've been in a while," Rasmus said. Boxscore
Streak stopper
On Aug. 13, 2016, at Wrigley Field in Chicago, Grichuk, who turned 25 that day, hit an eighth-inning grand slam off reliever Joe Smith, extending the Cardinals' lead over the Cubs from 4-2 to 8-2. The Cardinals won, 8-4, and broke the Cubs' 11-game winning streak.
Grichuk had been recalled by the Cardinals from Class AAA Memphis two days earlier. "I'm definitely thankful for being up here right now and getting the opportunities and I'm definitely trying to take advantage of it," Grichuk said to the Associated Press. Boxscore
Previously: Tim McCarver, Terry Pendleton share grand feat
Posted in Games, Hitters | Leave a Comment | 0-and-1 pitch from Gibbon and hit it the opposite way down the right-field line. It landed in the seats near the foul pole.
"I see fastball and I swing," Javier said to the St. Louis Post-Dispatch.
It was the first of two major-league grand slams for Javier and one of just two home runs he hit in 445 at-bats that season.
"Best birthday present I ever had," Javier said.
In the ninth, facing Bobby Shantz, Javier again batted with the bases loaded, but flied out to center field. Boxscore
Simba slam
On Aug. 9, 1974, at Busch Memorial Stadium in St. Louis, Simmons, who turned 25 that day, erased a 1-0 Dodgers lead by hitting a slider from starter Geoff Zahn for a grand slam in the sixth inning. The Cardinals won, 5-3.
It was the third of nine grand slams for Simmons in his big-league career.
Said Simmons: "It certainly was a nice way to celebrate." Boxscore
Giant slayer
On Sept. 9, 1993, at Candlestick Park in San Francisco, Zeile, who turned 28 that day, stretched the Cardinals' lead from 5-2 to 9-2 with a grand slam off reliever Terry Bross in the sixth inning. The Cardinals won, 9-4.
Zeile hit a 2-and-1 pitch from Bross over the left-field wall for the second of his nine career big-league grand slams.
"It hurts a lot," Bross said to the San Jose Mercury News. "I could have helped the team and didn't get the job done." Boxscore
Dramatic duel
On Aug. 11, 2010, at Great American Ball Park in Cincinnati, Rasmus, who turned 24 that day, snapped a scoreless tie with a grand slam off starter Bronson Arroyo in the fifth inning. The Cardinals won, 6-1, a day after a brawl during which Reds pitcher Johnny Cueto kicked two Cardinals, pitcher Chris Carpenter and catcher Jason LaRue.
Rasmus drove a pitch 418 feet over the center field wall for the first of five career grand slams in the big | 487 |
Physiological role of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty-acids in membranes of the model pico-alga Ostreococcus tauri.
Sébastien Mongrand is DR2 at the CNRS. He defended his Ph.D. in 1998 at the LBM in chloroplastic lipid biosynthesis. After a three years post-doc at the Rockefeller university (New-York, USA) working on ABA signaling pathway in Nam Hai Chua's lab, he was recruited CNRS in 2002. He is now leading the " Domains of the plasma membranes in plants". He also works in the lipidomic platform as scientific co-leader.
Group members: Mongrand S. (DR), Germain V. (MC), Deroubaix A.F. (PhD), Gouget P. (PhD), Mamode-Cassim A. (PhD), Anthony Legrand (PhD).
Plant membranes are highly dynamic cellular compartments. They are made of three main families of lipids: glycerolipids, which often contain highly unsaturated fatty acids, sphingolipids and sterols. They also contain a large amount of proteins (ca 20-30% of protein in the plasma membrane). (Suda et al. 2011). The plasma membrane is continuous between plant cells across intercellular symplastic junctions called plasmodesmata (PD). Permanent re-organisation of membranes sustains the regulation of signalling and exchanges processes and occurs through the formation of specialised membrane domains of different scales (nano or macro domains) which display specific lipids and proteins content. Such sub-compartmentalisation of biological membranes has been described in cyanobacteria, animal and plants (Schaaf et al., 2009; Lopez and Kolter, 2010; Schmolzer et al, 2011; Cacas et al, 2012; Li et al, 2012.). The formation of membrane-domains is highly regulated and allows the clustering of specific activities within the membrane (endocytosis, polarisation, signalling, etc). The precise molecular organization of these domains defines physiological activities of membranes and their study is therefore essential for understanding how cells regulate specialised functions at the membrane level. We were pioneers in the characterization of membrane domains at the PM in plants (Mongrand et al, 2004, recent review: Cacas et al, 2012.), which formation is essentially due to sterols and sphingolipids (Roche et al., 2008; Morel et al., 2006; Lefebvre et al, 2007).
We tackle all these questions on suitable model organisms. Our main objectives are to determine the role of these lipid classes, as well as specific proteins such as Remorin in the structure, fluidity, signal transduction, membrane homeostasis, and dynamics of various membrane functions.
Glycosylinositolphosphorylceramides (GIPCs) are the most abundant sphingolipids in plants and fungi (Cacas et al., 2011 Buré et al., 2013, revised Buré et al., 2014). Nevertheless, 50 years after their discovery, GIPCs remain poorly characterized in term of structure and chemical diversity. In addition, their subcellular distributions, their exact structures and biological functions<|fim_middle|>osphoinositides (Furt et al., 2010) are enriched in membrane microdomains of the PM. We recently showed that GIPCs represent up to 60mol% of the lipids in membrane rafts together with free and conjugated sterols (Cacas et al. 2015). GIPCs are the receptor of necrototic toxin of plant pathogen (Lenarcic et al., 2017).
General structure of a typical GIPC.
We have established that StREMORIN1.3 (REM) is a plant raftophilic protein, predominantly associated with sterol- and sphingolipid-rich membrane rafts of approximately 70-nm membrane domains located at the PM and in plasmodesmata (PD) (Raffaele et al., 2009 a and 2009b). This was the first evidence of membrane rafts in plants (for review, Mongrand et al., 2011). We also identified a new C-terminal domain (RemCA) sufficient for anchoring REM to the PM (Perraki et al., 2013). From a manipulation of REM levels in transgenic tomato, we showed that REM is involved in the regulation of viral cell-to-cell movement of Potato virus X (PVX), movement being inversely correlated with REM accumulation (Raffaele et al., 2009).
The novel C-terminal anchor is required for the restriction of Potato Virus X (PVX) movement (Perraki et al., 2013, Gronnier et al. 2017), and affects the ability of the virus to increase PD permeability. By contrast, over-expressed REM does not impair the silencing suppressor activity of the PVX viral protein TGBp1. A similar effect on PD permeability was observed with other movement proteins, suggesting that REM is a general regulator of PD size exclusion limit (Perraki et al., 2014, Gronnier et al. 2017). Finally, we showed that the phosphorylation of REM is necessary for its activation as PD regulator. We showed that the kinase responsible is raft-located. Its activity is stimulated by the presence of the virus. These results add to our knowledge on the mechanisms underlying the role of REM and rafts in virus infection and PD regulation.
REM is anchored to the membrane raft by its C-terminal anchor; The anchor is essential for REM's activity toward the restriction of PVX-GFP virus intercellular movement.
Gronnier J, Crowet JM, Habenstein B, Nasir M, Bayle V, Hosy E, Platre M, Gouguet P, Raffaele S, Martinez D, Grelard A, Loquet A, Simon-Plas F, Gerbeau-Pissot P, Der C, Bayer EM, Jaillais Y, Deleu M, Germain V, Lins L*, Mongrand S* (2017) Structural Basis for Plant Plasma Membrane Protein Dynamics and Organization into Functional Nanodomains. eLife, 6:e26404.
Buré C., Cacas JL., Badoc A., Mongrand S. & Schmitter JM. (2016), Branched glycosylated inositolphosphosphingolipid structures in plants revealed by MS3 analysis. Journal of Mass Spectrometry. 51, 305–308.
Gronnier J, Germain V, Gouguet P, Cacas JL & Mongrand S. (2016). GIPCy king: Glycosyl Inositol Phospho Ceramides, the major sphingolipids on earth. Plant Signaling and Behavior. Review, 11(4):e1152438.
Cacas JL, Buré C, Grosjean K, Gerbeau-Pissot P, Lherminier J, Rombouts Y, Maes E, Bossard C, Gronnier J, Furt F, Fouillen L, Germain1, Bayer E, Cluzet S, Robert F, Schmitter JM, Deleu M, Lins M, Simon-Plas F, Mongrand S (2015). Re-visiting plant plasma membrane lipids in tobacco: a focus on sphingolipids. Plant Physiology Jan;170(1):367-84.
Buré C, Cacas JL, Mongrand S & Schmitter, JM (2014) Characterization of Glycosyl Inositol Phosphoryl Ceramides from Plant and Fungi by Mass Spectrometry (Review). Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 406(4):995-1010.
Cacas JL, Buré C, Furt F, Maalouf JP, Badoc A, Cluzet S, Schmitter JM, Antajan E, & Mongrand S (2013) Biochemical survey of the polar head of plant glycosylinositolphosphoceramides unravels broad diversity. Phytochemistry, 96:191-200.
Perraki A, Cacas JL, Crowet JM, Lins L, Castroviejo M, German-Retana S, Mongrand S Raffaele S (2012) Plasma membrane localization of StREM1.3 15 Remorin is mediated by conformational changes in a novel C-terminal anchor and required for the restriction of PVX movement Plant physiology, 160, 1–14. | remain poorly understood in plants. To elucidate the structure of these lipids, we developed strategies based on mass spectrometry to analyse their long-chain bases (LCB), Fatty acids (FA) and polar heads (Cacas et al, 2012). We determined that the polar head may contain up to seven monosaccharide sugars (Cacas et al., 2011 Buré et al., 2013, review Buré et al., 2014). Furthermore, GIPCs, sterols and polyph | 118 |
We're always looking for millennials to follow. In order for us to follow you the criteria is simple: Be a Millennial Be an avid blogger What do we mean by an avid blogger? We want<|fim_middle|> I'd love to hear them. Leave any ideas in the comments below. | to see that you're planning to blog more than three times before you leave the blogging world for six months to forever. Put up a few posts and then come our way! We're happy to follow. If your blog doesn't blatantly indicate that you're a millennial, let us know and we'll be sure to follow you! Once we follow you we'll automatically start reblogging your posts on our site for all of our followers to see! Want to be featured in our Millennial Bloggers section? We currently have 40 bloggers featured in our 'Millennial Bloggers' section. Features have ended for now. However we will resume on February 1st. In the meantime feel free to send questions to info@gumteam.com.
I'm a pro-Black queer feminist that loves hip hop.
My name is Alana, and I've been writing in a diary for as long as I can remember. I started in 1993 when I was eight years old and kept writing up until I was 28 in early 2014. I didn't write every single day, but I acquired plenty of diary entries over those 20 years that I thought would be fun to share. I decided to start a blog and post each diary entry online, no matter how boring or mortifying they might be. To make things a little more interesting, I also add photos and include present-day commentary where I provide explanations, observations, or simply poke fun at my younger self.
It's the 1st December 2015 and I've decided to set myself a bit of a challenge. I'm going to take part in Blogmas this year. Last minute decision, which I may regret but I'm going to give it my best shot. This is my first ever Blogmas, so I'm excited. I'm really looking forward to reading Blogmas posts from other bloggers, sharing traditions, Christmas memories and more. Get ready for one post every day, for 25 days! My Blogmas posts this December will be a mixture of Christmas and non-Christmas themed. I really hope you enjoy my posts – past, present and future. I've already planned out what I'm going to post each day, but if you have any suggestions – | 464 |
<|fim_middle|>@accelify.com | Accelify Launches Newly Redesigned Website
NEW YORK, July 23, 2018 – Accelify Solutions, LLC (Accelify) is proud to announce the launch of its newly redesigned website, www.accelify.com. The new website offers visitors more streamlined navigation and enhanced content, providing a more user-friendly experience for exploring Accelify's comprehensive suite of special education management solutions.
"We are very excited about the launch of our new website," said Alex Brecher, Chief Executive Officer of Accelify. "As we continue to expand our offering, we are pleased to more clearly showcase who we are, our customer successes, and how our systems work together to provide the most complete feature set available in the marketplace for managing the special education process."
The new website provides sign-in access for Accelify customers, new video content, and the ability to request a demo. The website will be updated regularly with news on product launches, company updates and events, and other content relevant to Accelify customers and the special education community at large. Visitors are encouraged to explore the website and sign up for Accelify's newsletter at http://eepurl.com/c-X-9v.
About Accelify Solutions, LLC
Accelify is a leading provider of special education management systems that are designed to help school districts strengthen special education operations and compliance and maximize Medicaid reimbursement. Our systems streamline everything from plan development and case management (e.g. IEP, 504, IFSP) through the world's most robust set of related service scheduling, tracking and billing systems. Accelify's systems are proven to make personnel more effective while generating a significant return on investment in increased Medicaid reimbursement and more efficient utilization of district resources. Accelify is headquartered in New York and Los Angeles. For more information visit www.accelify.com.
Natalie Roth
Accelify Solutions, LLC
natalie | 392 |
No. 2s, Biden, Ryan, Square Off In Combative Debate
Published October 12, 2012 at 4:00 AM EDT
It's MORNING EDITION from NPR News. I'm Renee Montagne.
Last night's vice presidential debate offered a reminder about American politics. It can be infuriating, misleading and irrelevant, but at its best politics becomes a spectacle - a highly informative show - which is what the vice presidential candidates delivered last night in a debate in Kentucky.
It is hard to say if their spirited discussion changed any minds or won over undecided voters, but Republicans saw their candidate, Congressman Paul Ryan, contend solidly with his older opponent. Democrats found release in Biden's fierce correcting of the record - after President Obama's widely criticized showing last week.
NPR's Don Gonyea reports.
DON GONYEA, BY<|fim_middle|>: Here is Biden...
GONYEA: And that's how much of this debate felt. Historically, vice presidential debates have not had a measurable effect on the election result, but they often contribute to the dynamics along the way. That may hold true this year. Ryan has proven he can hold his own against a seasoned opponent and Biden has shown that counterpunching may be the incumbents' best strategy in the next debate next week. Don Gonyea, NPR News, Danville, Kentucky.
INSKEEP: Many people watched the debate last night with a device in hand. Twitter was exploding with commentary. You can continue the discussion with us. We're on social media throughout the day. You can find us on Facebook. We're also on Twitter, among other places - @MorningEdition, @NPRGreene and @NPRInskeep.
You're listening to MORNING EDITION from NPR News. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR. | LINE: Debate moderator Martha Raddatz of ABC News started with the foreign policy issue of the day, Libya, and the attack last month that killed four Americans, including Ambassador Chris Stevens.
(SOUNDBITE OF DEBATE)
GONYEA: Biden began his answer...
GONYEA: But he quickly turned to a criticism of Governor Romney's foreign policy positions, signaling right away that he'd be much more aggressive than President Obama had been in last week's debate. Biden said the president has a strong record. He cited ending U.S. combat operations in Iraq and the killing of Osama bin Laden. He then pointed to a Mitt Romney line about bin Laden from years ago.
GONYEA: But Congressman Ryan followed by describing the events in Libya as, quote, "emblematic of a chaotic foreign policy."
GONYEA: Next, another thorny foreign policy issue, nuclear weapons and Iran. Ryan called it another failure by the president.
GONYEA: Biden often reacted to Ryan's statements with disbelief and laughter - or with something like this...
GONYEA: On the economy, Biden said it was in freefall when the president took office. He called it the great recession. Ryan countered...
GONYEA: Throughout the 90 minutes, Raddatz kept a rein on the combatants, giving them time to argue, but also keeping them on topic. Ryan defended his running mate against Democratic charges that he would have done nothing to help the auto industry when General Motors and Chrysler were near death's door in 2008 and 2009. Biden and the president frequently quote a newspaper editorial Romney wrote back then with the headline "Let Detroit Go Bankrupt."
GONYEA: Ryan went on to describe how Romney visited that family one Christmas.
GONYEA: Here's Biden.
GONYEA: The exchanges were often heated. Each interrupted the other, though Biden was more aggressive on that score - a tactic widely predicted as a reaction to the president's low-key showing last week, prompting this from Ryan.
GONYEA: And they battled over whether Romney can cut tax rates across the board by 20 percent, as promised, and find enough current tax deductions to eliminate that he doesn't have to raise the final tax result for the middle class or add to the deficit. Biden said it is impossible. Here's Ryan...
GONYEA: The subject switched back to foreign policy and the wisdom of setting the firm timetable for pulling out of Afghanistan by 2014. There was agreement that the timetable is reasonable but by setting a hard date, Ryan said the administration helps the enemy. And he said it comes in the middle of a fighting season. He said that's a mistake.
GONYEA | 559 |
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Google CEO Sundar Pichai Pitches for AI Regulation
Alicia Hope· January 29, 2020
In a surprising turn of events, Google CEO Sundar Pichai has advocated for AI regulation. These comments appeared on an op-ed on Financial Times where Pichai wrote, "There is no question in my mind that artificial intelligence needs to be regulated. It is too important not to. The only question is how to approach it."
The tech company's CEO made similar remarks during the Bruegel conference in Brussels. Pichai noted that certain areas of AI development such as self-driving cars and health technologies required regulation. He said that it was risky to build promising new technology and let market forces decide on their appropriate use.
Google's AI regulation guidelines
Google's AI regulation stems from the previous misuse of its technology in Project Maven, where Google's object recognition technology could have been used to enhance drone strikes. This led to protests from the company's employees leading to the company taking a different position on the use of its technology. Since then, Google decided not to get involved in the creation of technologies that would harm people or contribute to the infringement of human rights. In his latest remarks, Pichai noted that any effective AI regulation framework should prioritize safety, explainability, accountability, and fairness. It must also consider the balance of potential harm with social opportunities in high-risk areas. Although Google CEO shows support for AI regulation, neither his speech at Brussels nor his op-ed piece outlines ways of achieving this.
Current AI regulation efforts
Various governments have taken several AI regulation actions. The European Commission, through the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), was considering a five year ban on facial recognition technology in public places by both public and private organizations until there were proper guidelines for AI regulation. The chief executive for Google lauded the EU model as a foundation for future AI regulation.
The White House had earlier announced its approach towards AI regulation which involves a hands-off approach in AI regulation. Apart from government regulation, self-regulation was also important according to Maria Axente who is the AI lead at Pricewaterhouse Coopers.
Google had formed its own AI ethics board to oversee the process although it was shut down a few months after the controversy surrounding some of the members. Even if such regulations exist, implementing them is a major challenge. Pichai rightfully pointed out that having the rules on paper are meaningless.
AI concerns
Pichai pointed out various concerns, which, if left unchecked would have adverse effects on people's lives. The search engine's CEO indicated that, without AI regulation, technologies such as deep fakes pose the risk of spreading misinformation. Pichai was also concerned that the misuse of technologies such as facial recognition would endanger people's rights and freedoms. Google has already limited the use of facial recognition features in most of its APIs.
Other companies' views on AI regulation
Other tech companies such as Microsoft have also chimed in on the need for AI regulation. The<|fim_middle|> the company's practices. Consequently, Pichai might just be looking out for his company.
Artificial IntelligenceGoogle
Alicia Hope
Staff Correspondent at CPO Magazine
Alicia Hope has been a journalist for more than 5 years, reporting on technology, cyber security and data privacy news. | Redmond company argued that the use of facial recognition in public places would fan the flames of discrimination against targeted communities. The Computer & Communications Industry Association (CCIA) whose membership includes Google, Amazon, Facebook, Mozilla, Intel, and Uber responded to the European Commission requesting a targeted AI regulation intervention using a risk-based assessment instead of a one-size-fits-all approach.
Although Google and other major companies are rooting for AI regulation, such attempts can only be welcome with cautious optimism. In some cases, the regulation of an industry helps market leaders cement their position by stifling newcomers in the field. Google has been hit with several multimillion dollar fines by European regulatory agencies for abusing its dominant position to kill off competition. In addition, Many companies also involve themselves in doublespeak by campaigning for a given policy while practicing the opposite. For example, Google spent over $150 million in lobbying and none of it was directed to lobbying for more AI regulation. It is possible that Google might be trying to appease regulatory authorities after the reappointment of EU's competition regulator Margrethe Vestager who has been highly critical of | 224 |
With limited time but hope to experience the most attractive spots of Hanoi, Indochina Travel Service can help you spend your time and money most efficiently. Joining this trip, you can explore the beauty and the ancient history of this charming city through the Old Quarter, the One Pillar Pagoda, the Temple of Literature, President Ho Chi Minh's Mausoleum... and especially, there a chance to witness a world heritage site of Halong Bay.
Upon arrival at Hanoi's Noi Bai Airport, the guide of Indochina Travel Service will welcome you and transfer you to hotel. Check in hotel and free time to stroll around the city.
At 8.30am, our guide and driver will meet you at your hotel and embark on the sightseeing tour in Ha Noi by the first visit to Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum where<|fim_middle|> of national history.
We will come to pick you up at 8:30am. The 3 – hour journey through the rich farmlands of the Red River Delta opens the scenery of rice fields, water buffaloes and Vietnamese village daily life. We will stop over Hai Duong for a cup of green tea and a piece of the provincial traditional sweet green bean cake.
Arrive Ha Long around noon and board our private Junk for a 4 hour cruise on the emerald green water of Ha Long bay among some 3,000 spectacular limestone islets. A fresh seafood lunch will be served on board while cruising toward Thien Cung Cave, the most beautiful cave and famous for its stunning stalactites and stalagmites. You also have relaxable time for swimming, sun - bathing. In the late afternoon, we head back to Ha Long harbour and our waiting vehicle will transfer us back to Hanoi. Arrive in Hanoi approximately around 7pm.
Some free time for shopping or strolling around the city until transfer time to the airport for your flight to the next destination. | the body of Uncle Ho is well kept. Then visit his house built on stilts situated nearby. Followed by the visit to One Pillar Pagoda, it was built of wood on a single stone pillar, elaborately designed to resemble a lotus blossom which is a symbol of purity. Afterward, go for the Temple of Literature with its traditional Vietnamese architecture, dedicated to Confucian cult which broke the Buddhist monopoly in education; the temple was then regarded as the site of the first university of Vietnam. Continue the route to "Hanoi Hilton" –a nick name given by US pilots during the war.
Another highlight of the day is delicious lunch in Vietnamese cuisines, followed by one –hour cyclo tour through the busy Old Quarter where you can see peddlers are selling wares as if they have done that for centuries! We can have some drinks at Highland Coffee and enjoy a great view from the top. Finish the day with a Water Puppet show. This is a uniquely northern Vietnamese art form depicting scenes from rural life and episodes | 211 |
For several years, the media industry has been disrupted by new internet-based business models, and content digitalization and enablement for different platforms. As part of this transition, data<|fim_middle|> media content digitalization, and the need to enable content to be used on different platforms.
As part of this transition, data security has become a major challenge for media companies. Loss of data can present a very real threat to the continuity of their operations and cause long-term damage to a company's reputation.
The increasing complexity of information technology environments, linked to the digitalization of internal processes and the implementation of new client-facing platforms.
groups, and nations conducting espionage, propaganda or retaliation.
Learn more by downloading the full Media Barometer. | security has become a major challenge for media companies. Loss of data can present a threat to the continuity of operations and cause long-term reputational damage.
Each year we analyze the global risks affecting the media industry to better understand how companies handle the impact of those risks on their business. "This is the new normal, especially for media companies. We're seeing regular breaches across the industry. All organizations need to be ready for cyber security breaches and do what they can to protect themselves," says S. Gregory Boyd, Partner and Chairman of the Interactive Entertainment Group at Frankfurt Kurnit Klein & Selz.
For several years, the media industry has been disrupted by new internet-based business models, | 137 |
SOLDIER ON: Jim Schembri interviews..
SOLDIER ON: Jim Schembri interviews Hacksaw Ridge actor Luke Bracey
A major role in Mel Gibson's Hacksaw Ridge was a life-changing experience for Home & Away actor Luke Bracey.
Since his tour of duty as Trey Parker in the long-term soapie Home & Away, Sydney actor Luke Bracey has quickly established himself internationally, appearing in such films as Monte Carlo, GI Joe: Retaliation, The November Man, The Best of Me and Point Break.
In Mel Gibson's Hacksaw Ridge Bracey plays buff soldier Smitty<|fim_middle|> who stars as Desmond Doss, the real-life soldier who vowed to participate in battle without killing anybody.
As something of a World War 2 buff, Bracey embraced the opportunity to be part of the film.
As he explains in this interview, it also proved to be a huge learning experience for him, both as an actor working with Gibson and as a student of history. He admonishes himself that he had never heard of Doss or of his remarkable story.
Please enjoy.
For the interview, please click play below…
To view a trailer for the film, please click play below… | Ryker opposite Andrew Garfield, | 7 |
Jonathan Harris is an American poet.
The Internet gives us the illusion that the best a culture<|fim_middle|> goodwill — not to mention outstanding poetry.
I also took this occasion to debut my new limited-edition broadside of the poem "Recipe for the Broken." The poem was first published in "Walt's Corner" of The Long Islander, the newspaper founded by Walt Whitman in 1838. Fittingly, the column is now curated by George Wallace. The poem and background image are printed on sturdy 8.5″ x 11″ paper as part of The Broadsider Volume 2, Series 12 (Poor Souls Press 2010), conceived and created by Paul Fericano. A limited quantity of hand-numbered and signed prints are now available for sale on this website. | has to offer will invariably find its way to us. But when it comes to art, I find that so much still comes down to local knowledge. Americans and Brits alike have long maintained a fascination with the literary work of their overseas cousins, but usually only the biggest names make the trip across the pond.
Hoping in some small way to remedy this, I have written an article for the US edition of The Huffington Post on "5 British Poets to Watch in 2013" and, for sake of symmetry, an article in the UK edition of The Huffington Post on "Five American Poets to Watch in 2013".
How closely you watch is, of course, up to you. My hope is that you will seek out the work of these ten fine poets out for your own sake, to bring a little transcontinental mischief and mirth to your poetry reading in the year ahead.
I spent a rich and meaningful afternoon reading poems with fellow Pacific University Alumni: Kathryn Belsey, Michelle Bitting, Jonathan Harris, and George Wallace — as well as eminent faculty member David St. John. The Ruskin Art Club played host, thanks to the ever-gracious Elena Karina Byrne, to this reunion of sorts. Afterward I heard audience members remark that they felt the variety and quality of the readings gave testament to the strength of Pacific's writing program. David St. John kindly remarked that, to him, the real secret of teaching is that one actually gets back, through the students, so much more than one gives. It was an afternoon full of generosity and | 325 |
Fabric lockst<|fim_middle|>den, who was not involved in the research.
"When you try to pull a strand out of a fabric, it gets tangled and the whole thread will unravel."
The new fabric-maker uses a two-stage process.
The first step involves folding the strand into two strips, with the first strip being made up by a single strand.
Then, it's split into two more strips, each made up from a different strand.
The second stage is to separate each strip into its own piece of fabric, and stitch it together again, this time in a process known as twisting.
"This makes it possible to produce multiple strands," said Van Heerdern, who also has a PhD in textile engineering.
"For a strand that's not a single one, there's no need to split it."
Fabric stitch maker, Tiaant van Heertden, shows a fabric stitch machine at the New York Times Fashion Week in New York City, on June 12, 2017.
The new machine also uses the same technology as previous versions of the machine.
But the new device, which is a prototype, uses a much simpler technique that involves folding each strand in two strips.
This makes it much easier to make multiple strands.
"The new machine is also very small, so it's easy to transport," van Heercheden said.
The paper was published in the journal Nature Communications. | itcher machine can make a new thread of thread per stitch
Comments Off on Fabric lockstitcher machine can make a new thread of thread per stitch
A new fabric locksticker machine can create a new strand of thread each stitch, a technique known as "ubt stitch machine" (USENIX: UBT).
Fabric stitch machines have been used for decades to stitch garments, but they're becoming increasingly popular for more precise stitching.
Fabric stitch makers such as Tiaan van Heerden from the University of Groningen in the Netherlands have now used a new machine to produce a strand of fabric that can be pulled apart and twisted to produce an additional strand.
"A fabric can be made up of hundreds of strands and they're often woven together, like yarn, and woven into the fabric," said van Heers | 166 |
It's a Saturday, and you're looking for something to do. Your normal Netflix routine just isn't cutting it anymore, but you're not quite sure who to call or where to go.
The WiseTribe team has something that's going to get your juices flowing.
Keep reading if you're ready to learn about a chance to not only hang out with us in person but to get outside of your normal routine.
If you're looking for something new and unique, we recommend you join us next Saturday<|fim_middle|>ujan.
Be sure to read up if you haven't already.
MindBody Expo provides you with a unique way to get outside of yourself, which is right in line with our mission: to think about challenges differently in order to drive big change.
Local events, and the MindBody Expo specifically, offers YOU the chance to get outside and join WiseTribe in tackling the big issues.
You can expect a fun workshop designed to help challenge your assumptions and teach you new ways to think about things.
Meeting your neighbors – Do you actually know who lives in your neighborhood? This is a chance to find out!
The team at Rough Guides have provided you with this great list of ways to get involved and into your local community.
Whether you try one or all of these activities, we recommend challenging the status quo and thinking about new ways to challenge your assumptions and routine.
Our community is wide-ranging. Current and former WiseTribers represent people from all walks of life. We wouldn't expect anything less the day of the MindBody Expo.
Which is the beauty of our time there – a passionate group of community members coming together around a common theme: conscious living.
Conscious living requires getting OUT of your comfort zone and making new connections.
Getting into the community, enjoying nature, and meeting new people – just some of the ways you can get to know yourself and others better.
Getting outside of your comfort zone allows new opportunities, experiences, and moments to reflect.
Community engagement and local events around shared passions and interests are OUR idea of adventure.
Delray Beach and MindBody Expo offer you the perfect opportunity to get a 360° view of different ways to seek your own definition of adventure.
Our community blends people from all income levels and backgrounds into a unique melting pot.
The Expo offers a platform to some of the different businesses, people, and attractions which make Delray Beach so unique – and the perfect opportunity for you to claim your slice of the pie. | , March 23rd.
Last week, we discussed our participation in the event through an exclusive interview + feature on friend of Wise Tribe Emilia L | 31 |
South Edmonton's surprising deer paradise
Mel Priestley explores how a herd of whitetails came to live on a patch of land surrounded by city
By Mel Priestley
The doe moves along an open field of grasses near the edge of a cattail pond, grazing slowly. Beside her, a buck stands motionless underneath the broad branches of a poplar tree, his antlers burnished gold in the late afternoon sunlight.
It's an idyllic scene, but it's not from a national park. It's right in the middle of south Edmonton. While the deer are grazing in a semi-natural green space, they are also standing behind chain-link and barbed wire, close to the large industrial buildings within the fenced-off area that houses the AltaGas Edmonton Ethane Extraction Plant (EEEP). The area is flanked by the massive development of South Edmonton Common and the city's southern residential sprawl, and ringed by the busy commuter routes of 23rd Avenue and Gateway Boulevard/Calgary Trail.
It's a mystery in plain view: How have so many deer managed to survive – and even thrive – in such an urban area, and is their presence here safe – for both the deer and the city's residents?
South Edmonton's surprising deer paradise
Click on the icons to learn more about the area in south Edmonton where a herd of whitetail deer has been living for years.
The deer are well-known to those in the area. Google "Edmonton Ethane Extraction Plant" and the first image result is a group of six deer standing in the snow on the other side of a chain-link fence. Commuters along the freeways often spot the deer from the road. The employees at the plant are the most familiar with the deer, since they've been a continual presence on that land since the plant was built in the late 1970s — back when the area was very rural and surrounded by farmland.
Daryl Matter, co-ordinator of maintenance management at the EEEP, is called the "Deer Whisperer" by one of his colleagues because of the special attention he has paid to the animals over the 40 years that he's worked at the facility. "I sometimes bring them little treats to eat," he says over the phone.
Sidebar: Should we feed the deer?
There are eight deer on the EEEP land right now, says Matter. They do leave and enter the area, at least occasionally. He points to the green corridors that run both northeast and southwest of the facility's area, which correspond to a pipeline running from the EEEP through the city, as their most likely route. To the northeast, the corridor extends up to the Mill Woods Golf Course and the ravine adjacent to that; to the southwest, it runs all the way to the Blackmud Creek Ravine.
The number of deer at the EEEP has stayed fairly constant over the past couple of years, Matter has observed. He has seen them exit and enter through the plant's access gates when they are left open during busy times. Neither he nor any of the other employees have seen a deer jump the fence, and while he acknowledges that they certainly might do this, the height of the fence and its barbed wire topper makes that seem unlikely, unless the animals were under serious stress.
"They couldn't find a better place to be in, as far as protection from predators, because they really have no predators here," Matter says. "They're fairly well protected here. I think they're happy!"
An urban heaven
Indeed, by all appearances, the EEEP's land is a veritable deer paradise.
"It really pops out as a perfect little refuge," Colleen St. Clair says. "You couldn't really draw a picture that is more attractive to deer than that little plot on the west side of the plant."
St. Clair is a professor of biological sciences at the University of Alberta and has worked extensively on urban wildlife. She heads Edmonton's Urban Coyote Project, a study that collects information on coyote movement, habitat selection,<|fim_middle|> humans than carnivores is very common, notes Rob Found, a wildlife biologist who focused on urban deer during both his undergraduate and PhD work at the U of A.
"In my opinion, the threat of coyotes tends to be exaggerated — as it is with most predators — and it tends to be possibly downplayed when it comes to the non-predators, the herbivores like deer," he explains. "Deer can actually be quite dangerous if you run into them; they could still kill a dog. … They get hit [by cars] a lot more than coyotes, so the risk on the roadways is greater with deer as well."
Found estimates there are about 300 deer in Edmonton, the majority of which are white-tailed deer (including the ones on the EEEP land). White-tailed deer are usually less aggressive than mule deer, which are usually the species involved in incidences of aggressive behaviour. Found bases this information on research he conducted a few years ago at the U of A, which included both GPS tracking and collecting deer droppings. He focused particularly on deer-vehicle collisions in the city and published two papers in 2011 on the subject: one predicted where such collisions would occur in Edmonton, and the other measured the effectiveness of warning signs in mitigating deer-vehicle collisions.
One of the hotspots identified by Found was near the Blackmud Creek Ravine. The area along 23rd Avenue near the EEEP, however, wasn't a hotspot then, and it doesn't seem to be one now. Between 2006 and 2016, the city recorded only four animal-related collisions on Gateway Boulevard between 19th Avenue and 23rd Avenue, and only one of those reports mentioned deer specifically. In an email, Edmonton's Animal Care and Control Centre confirmed that three Kennel Care Staff recall having calls about deer carcasses in the 23rd Avenue area in the past, but since the area's urban development those calls are now rare; they are much more likely to get calls about coyotes and rabbits in that part of the city.
These numbers suggest that the deer on the EEEP land tend to stay there for long periods of time, as both the plant's employees and others have suggested, or they've become adept at crossing busy roads safely and inconspicuously.
Then and now: An aerial image of the area in 1982 compared to the same view in 2015.
Disappearing boundaries
Urban sprawl constantly displaces wildlife from their habitats, changing the ways in which animals and humans interact, sometimes radically so. As neighbourhoods creep ever farther from the city centre, the well-defined boundary between urban and rural has largely disappeared. Instead, there's now a gradual transition from suburbs, with houses close together, to larger homes on bigger pieces of land interspersed with wider green spaces, and then acreages and farms beyond that. That landscape creates conduits for wildlife to easily enter and exit cities.
While the deer on the Edmonton Ethane Extraction Plant land are an oddity, St. Clair believes that similar situations may not be far away.
"I think it's going to get more complicated in Edmonton," she says. "Climate change is going to mean — especially with winters like this last one, much milder winters — it's going to mean the habitat in and around Edmonton becomes more supportive of deer populations. As they become denser in their areas, they're going to expand a bit more into the less desirable areas."
Photos courtesy of Mack Male, Alberta Environment & Parks Aerial Photos, and Google Earth.
Mel Priestley | diet and disease. She was previously involved with Edmonton's Urban Deer Project, a student-run research project that gave undergraduates field experience in research methods while gathering information about deer movements and habitat in the city.
Studying satellite imagery on Google Maps as she talks, St. Clair notes that while it might seem unusual for deer to be so far into the city, they aren't that far away from the Blackmud Creek Ravine — an area with a high concentration of deer. She finds it unlikely that the deer would spend all their time on that piece of land. That area is simply not big enough to support a large deer population on a permanent basis, she says, and agrees with Matter's speculation that the deer are most likely using the green corridors extending out from the EEEP as paths in and out of that area.
"They are amazingly good at slipping in and out of places under the cover of darkness," she says. "I would be very surprised if they are stuck in there and can't leave. It might look that way from the roadside, where you're looking through a fence at them. … Our vantage from the road is often really different from the animal's vantage at ground level in the way that they move. It wouldn't be that hard to cross Calgary Trail there — in really early hours of the morning is probably when they do it."
The deer are behind a fence, but they likely leave the property from time to time, says wildlife biologist Colleen St. Clair. "I would be very surprised if they are stuck in there and can't leave." (Deer photos by Mack Male)
But there's also evidence suggesting that the deer spend long periods of time on the EEEP land without leaving. When they do leave, they may travel all the way to the ravines, or they may stay on nearby green spaces.
"My assumption would be that unless there was some reason for them to leave, that they would probably spend their time there," says Emily Herdman, a wildlife biologist with Alberta Environment and Parks. "There [are] a lot of deer that live in fairly urban environments. It isn't unheard of, for sure. And as long as they have the things that they need, and there's not a specific stressor or source of mortality, then there's no reason why they would leave."
She verifies that the Alberta government didn't put the deer there, as some anecdotal reports have suggested. "We don't have any record of moving deer onto that property, and we're usually quite good about keeping records about that kind of thing," she says.
Deer are a common sight to the employees of the Animal Medical Centre on 23rd Avenue and Parsons Road, tucked into the southeast corner of the same parcel of land as the EEEP. Veterinarian Peter Claffey and his staff have seen the deer on a weekly basis since the clinic was founded 20 years ago, back when the area to the south was all farmland. Claffey recalls seeing a single deer in the EEEP's fenced-off area right after the fence was installed; he assumed it had been trapped. It was quickly joined by others. The second appeared injured, he remembers, though it soon recovered.
"Right now there's enough property in there to supply them," Claffey says. "They're really a healthy-looking herd of deer."
Clinic staff have seen as many as a dozen deer in the area, and that it does seem to fluctuate occasionally, Claffey says. However, they only see them about once a week, as the animals usually congregate away from the clinic, in the northwest part of the area near the pond. Coyotes are more of a concern to the centre, he explains, and that's why they have their own fence surrounding the yard. Still, occasionally he does notice interactions between the deer and other local animals.
"[Sometimes] they'll come over here, especially when they get into the breeding season — they'll come over here and sometimes they chase cats," he says with a chuckle, referring to the pets and strays in the neighbourhood. "They're fun to have around; I enjoy watching them."
The deer seem very healthy, says veterinarian Peter Claffey, whose clinic gives him a great view of the herd.
Deceptive danger
Chance encounters with urban wildlife can be exciting, though they can be unsettling or even dangerous as well. Deer aren't the safe, cuddly creatures that they might seem to be on first glance.
"Deer are a much bigger threat to the security of people in cities than coyotes are," St. Clair says. "If people have some doubt about what deer can do to pets, they should Google that and watch a few YouTube videos. It's astonishing how aggressive deer can be towards people and pets."
Yet there's a notable absence of stories about urban deer, while stories about urban coyotes have increased. Various local news media sources have reported on urban coyotes within the last couple years, usually spurred by an attack on a pet (often an off-leash dog) or sightings in residential areas.
The perception that herbivores are less threatening to | 1,052 |
Verse 1-8 — Every part of the truth and will of God should be set before all who profess the gospel, and be urged on their hearts and consciences. We should not be always speaking about outward things; these have their places and use, but often take up too much attention and time, which might be better employed. The humbled sinner who pleads guilty, and cries for mercy, can have no ground from this passage to be discouraged, whatever his conscience may accuse him of. Nor does it prove that any one who is made a new creature in Christ, ever becomes a final apostate from him. The apostle is not speaking of the falling away of mere professors, never convinced or influenced by the gospel. Such have nothing to fall away from, but an empty name, or hypocritical profession. Neither is he speaking of partial declinings or backslidings. Nor are such sins meant, as Christians fall into through the strength of temptations, or the power of some worldly or fleshly lust. But the falling away here mentioned, is an open and avowed renouncing of Christ, from enmity of heart against him, his cause, and people, by men approving in their minds the deeds of his murderers, and all this after they have received the knowledge of the truth, and tasted some of its comforts. Of these it is said, that it is impossible to renew them again unto repentance. Not because the blood of Christ is not sufficient to obtain pardon for this sin; but this sin, in its very nature, is opposite to repentance and every thing that leads to it. If<|fim_middle|>, in which it is not possible for God to lie; it would be contrary to his nature as well as to his will. And as He cannot lie; the destruction of the unbeliever, and the salvation of the believer, are alike certain. Here observe, those to whom God has given full security of happiness, have a title to the promises by inheritance. The consolations of God are strong enough to support his people under their heaviest trials. Here is a refuge for all sinners who flee to the mercy of God, through the redemption of Christ, according to the covenant of grace, laying aside all other confidences. We are in this world as a ship at sea, tossed up and down, and in danger of being cast away. We need an anchor to keep us sure and steady. Gospel hope is our anchor in the storms of this world. It is sure and stedfast, or it could not keep us so. The free grace of God, the merits and mediation of Christ, and the powerful influences of his Spirit, are the grounds of this hope, and so it is a stedfast hope. Christ is the object and ground of the believer's hope. Let us therefore set our affections on things above, and wait patiently for his appearance, when we shall certainly appear with him in glory. | those who through mistaken views of this passage, as well as of their own case, fear that there is no mercy for them, would attend to the account given of the nature of this sin, that it is a total and a willing renouncing of Christ, and his cause, and joining with his enemies, it would relieve them from wrong fears. We should ourselves beware, and caution others, of every approach near to a gulf so awful as apostacy; yet in doing this we should keep close to the word of God, and be careful not to wound and terrify the weak, or discourage the fallen and penitent. Believers not only taste of the word of God, but they drink it in. And this fruitful field or garden receives the blessing. But the merely nominal Christian, continuing unfruitful under the means of grace, or producing nothing but deceit and selfishness, was near the awful state above described; and everlasting misery was the end reserved for him. Let us watch with humble caution and prayer as to ourselves.
Verse 9,10 — There are things that are never separated from salvation; things that show the person to be in a state of salvation, and which will end in eternal salvation. And the things that accompany salvation, are better things than ever any dissembler or apostate enjoyed. The works of love, done for the glory of Christ, or done to his saints for Christ's sake, from time to time, as God gives occasion, are evident marks of a man's salvation; and more sure tokens of saving grace given, than the enlightenings and tastings spoken of before. No love is to be reckoned as love, but working love; and no works are right works, which flow not from love to Christ.
Verse 11-20 — The hope here meant, is a sure looking for good things promised, through those promises, with love, desire, and valuing of them. Hope has its degrees, as faith also. The promise of blessedness God has made to believers, is from God's eternal purpose, settled between the eternal Father, Son, and Spirit. These promises of God may safely be depended upon; for here we have two things which cannot change, the counsel and the oath of God | 462 |
How to Travel Responsibly During the Holidays Amid Omicron Wave
Even as the variant surges, the seasonal travel rush seems unstoppable, but there are steps you can take to travel more responsibly and mitigate the health risks for yourself — and others.
Taylor Allen wanted to be a responsible traveler, but she was finding it difficult.
Late last week at least seven people Ms. Allen knew in Brooklyn posted on Instagram that they'd tested positive for the coronavirus. She had not seen any of them in person. But after developing an intense headache and runny nose on Friday, she canceled her Saturday morning flight to Jacksonville, Fla., where she was planning to see her parents and grandparents.
Two at-home tests — one Friday and one Saturday — came back negative. But Ms. Allen, 22, who is fully vaccinated but not yet boosted, wanted more official assurance before she rebooked her trip. On Sunday evening, long after her scheduled appointment at an urgent care clinic in Crown Heights, an employee told her and the 30 or so other people waiting for tests in the bitter cold that they'd have to come back at 8 a.m.
"I really don't want to put anyone in danger," said Ms. Allen, who left the clinic with plans to return again the next day.
Even as the number of coronavirus cases is skyrocketing in some parts of the country, largely driven by the Omicron variant, the holiday travel rush appears unstoppable. On Friday, Los Angeles International Airport reported its busiest day since early 2020, and on Sunday, 2.1 million people passed through airports in the United States, nearly twice as many as at this time last year.
For those who are determined to keep their travel plans, figuring out how to do so responsibly has never been more confusing. Part of the problem is that testing has been hard to obtain in a timely way, particularly in hard-hit cities like New York. Another key challenge is that many people plan to stay in a house with fully vaccinated friends and family. Now, they are learning that vaccination is far from a guarantee that they won't infect one another.So what can travelers do?
1. Get a booster
Only one in six Americans have received a booster, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Fully vaccinated individuals without a booster are at least twice as likely to<|fim_middle|> cancellations. The Times asked experts to share some holiday guidance, as well as some tips on using at-home Covid tests (if you can find any). Here is what to do if you test positive for Covid.
Biden's new plan. President Biden announced new steps on Dec. 21 to confront the surge in Covid cases, including setting up new federal testing sites, deploying hundreds of federal vaccinators and buying 500 million rapid tests to distribute free to the public.
Around the world. In Europe, the Netherlands, Britain and Denmark adopted tough restrictions, while France, Spain and Italy are betting on a more measured approach. New Zealand pushed back a phased opening of its borders, and Thailand said it was pausing a quarantine-free travel program.
"The closer you are to the event, the better and more accurate it will be," said Dr. Lin H. Chen, a professor at Harvard Medical School and the director of theMount Auburn Hospital Travel Medicine Center in Cambridge, Mass.
Dr. Chen suggested taking an at-home antigen test the day of the gathering. (If a person tests positive at any point, she advised not going to the event and getting a P.C.R. test for confirmation.) If people are staying in a house together for an extended period, testing periodically throughout their stay is advisable, Dr. Chen said. This is particularly important if someone is not vaccinated or boosted, or has been exposed to someone who has tested positive, other experts noted.
Yes, everyone is confused
Ms. Hills, the bioethicist, said that it's understandable that many people are confused by having to make what should be public health decisions.
"We should be getting more guidance," she said, noting that many state and federal agencies offer different advice.
At the testing site in Brooklyn, several travelers echoed this point and lamented that public health authorities were not making what they considered responsible travel — getting tested before visiting family — easier.
Compounding these frustrations, some travelers said, is the sense that the burden is on them to figure out what is socially responsible and epidemiologically safe and then to convince their family and friends of the policies they have come up with. One woman, who declined to use her name because she didn't want her family to identify her, said she no longer feels comfortable flying with her 2- and 3-year-old children after learning over Thanksgiving that her own family members would fly even if they tested positive.
Rather than fight with them about what's appropriate or worry that the people sitting next to her share her family's approach — and could infect her or her children, leading them to infect her father — she is going to stay home this Christmas.
Follow New York Times Travel on Instagram, Twitter and Facebook. And sign up for our weekly Travel Dispatch newsletter to receive expert tips on traveling smarter and inspiration for your next vacation. | test positive as those who received a booster.
If you plan to travel over the coming weeks and months, and you're already fully vaccinated, one of the best ways to be a responsible traveler is to get a booster, said Jeffrey Kahn, the director of the Johns Hopkins Berman Institute of Bioethics.
In terms of timing, the data show that the optimal immune response comes about two weeks after the booster, according to Dr. Wafaa El-Sadr, a professor of epidemiology and medicine at the Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health in New York. But many will see some protection within a few days, other experts noted, so getting a third shot today could still benefit those traveling over the holidays.
2. Consider the worst-case scenario
When deciding what's responsible in terms of holiday travel, Kelly Hills, a co-founder of Rogue Bioethics, a consulting firm in Boston, advises thinking about "moral injury" and asking whether you are mentally prepared for the consequences if you infect a vulnerable person.
That doesn't have to translate into canceling plans, but it may encourage you to wear an N95 instead of a homemade mask on a plane or to take a test even though it's a hassle. If you are indoors, unmasked around many people in the days leading up to the trip, you may also want to pay extra to book a separate house or motel room, rather than staying with family or friends.
"'I don't want to be a spreader'– that should be the motto today," said Leonard J. Marcus, the co-director of the National Preparedness Leadership Initiative at Harvard University and the director of an initiative focused on public health on flights.
Dr. Marcus said that though he's not aware of any data suggesting children are likely to become infected on planes, he advises parents not to fly with unvaccinated children — if possible — until more is known about Omicron.
"If it were my grandchildren, I would postpone," he said. In general, if someone is wearing a proper mask on a plane, the risk of being infected should be low because the ventilation system is so good, he said.
Dr. Anthony Fauci, the nation's top infectious disease official, told CNBC that he feels safe having his adult children fly to see him over the holidays. He also noted that they are vaccinated.
Experts advise getting tested as close to the day of a gathering as possible. If an at-home test is positive, double-check the results with a more accurate P.C.R. test. Above, getting tested in Manhattan.Credit…Carlo Allegri/Reuters
3. Test as close to the gathering as possible
Testing in many parts of the country is challenging right now.
"On a one to 10 scale of hard, it's a 10," said Mary Mathurin, 51, outside a testing site in Brooklyn on Sunday evening. As she waited for her name to be called, her cellphone emitted hold music from a call with another facility that had yet to send her P.C.R. results from several days earlier. After around 70 minutes, the call dropped. A few minutes later, a patient care assistant at the Brooklyn site told her the site could not accommodate her. She was supposed to fly to St. Lucia the next morning and was unsure what she was going to do.
Many pharmacies and online retailers have sold out of at-home tests. The White House is planning to make 500 million free at-home tests available, but that won't happen until January. For those who do manage to get a kit, use it as close to your departure date as possible, several experts said.
The Omicron variant. The highly transmissible Covid strain is surging around the world. Research suggests many non-mRNA Covid vaccines offer almost no defense against becoming infected, though the Pfizer and Moderna boosters, which are mRNA-based, likely provide additional protection against serious illness.
The holiday season. With planned end of the year gatherings, the new Covid surge is prompting worries and | 825 |
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Conservation fees are payable at only three access-controlled sections of the park, Cape of Good Hope, Boulders Penguin Colony and Silvermine.
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You could choose to go on one of the many hiking trails, test your stamina with mountain biking, or if you're an adrenaline junkie, you could try hang gliding or mountain climbing. Popular picnic spots are located at the Signal Hill lookout, The Glen, Van Riebeeck Park, Newlands Forest, the Kirstenbosch Botanical Gardens, Constantia Nek, Oudekraal, Tokai, Witsand, Soetwater, Buffels Bay, Bordjiesrif, Miller's | 266 |
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Frame, Nuts, Bolts, and Fasteners Periodically inspect the torque of all fasteners in accordance with the maintenance schedule. Clutch Buttons: Plastic bushings which aid rotation of the movable sheave in the drive and driven clutch. Reinstall dipstick and screw it into place. These packages are complete with all the information needs. Where accurate measurements are required, they can only be made using calibrated, precision instruments. Do not operate at sustained idle.
Engine exhaust fumes are poisonous and can result loss of consciousness or | 678 |
Deliveroo to double data scientists in growth push
On-demand food delivery app looks to double the data scientists working at its London HQ in a bid to drive 30% monthly growth and achieve international expansion
By Charlotte Rogers 9 Nov 2016 2:44 pm
On-demand food delivery app Deliveroo is looking to expand the number of data scientists working at its London headquarters from 150 to 300 as it scales for international growth.
Speaking at Web Summit in Lisbon today (9 November), CEO and co-founder William Shu explained he is searching for individuals with skills in building algorithms as he looks to expand beyond 100 cities and 16,000 restaurants globally.
"One thing about Deliveroo is every time I wake up the market is much bigger than it was before. For the first three years we were solely in London expanding from neighbourhood to neighbourhood, and today we're in 12 countries and 140 cities."
The scaling up of Deliveroo's data capabilities does not, however, signal a move towards automation, drones and robots, said Shu who confirmed the company is not currently working on this technology.
This position is at odds with food delivery competitor Just Eat, whose CEO David Buttress told Web Summit audiences yesterday (8 November) that he would be amazed if a "double-digit amount of its orders" were not delivered by robot over the next couple of years.
The Deliveroo CEO did, however, encourage businesses to start considering the issue before it is too late. "This is not an Uber question or a Deliveroo question, it is a question for society in general. As the world advances and more basic tasks pass to robots, what happens to jobs?" he asked.
"I think that's a question that's incredibly hard to answer. There are a lot of different situations – utopian and dystopian – and it is part of our responsibility to determine what the future of work looks like."
Despite protests in August by dozens of its London couriers against the introduction of a payment-per-delivery structure to replace the payment-per-hour model, Shu insisted that there are many benefits for Deliveroo's 20,000 drivers in today's gig economy.
READ MORE: When brands lose their cool: What next for Byron and Deliveroo?
"People want to be able to work when whenever they want. Say if they are an actor or they have another job they can work when they want. So that is super, super important to them.
"And they also do it for the physical exercise, as 80% of our bikers ride bicycles. So for a lot of people their work replaces the gym, which is something I never thought would happen. And lastly they want to earn high fees," he added.
Bringing down the cost of food
Despite claims that Deliveroo is an expensive service, Shu emphasised his company's mission is to drive down the cost of the food. This is the reason in April the business introduced RooBox, an off-site kitchen space in London to help restaurants cater to underserved areas of the city. Shu argued that these spaces will give restaurants access to kitchens in cheaper locations, which<|fim_middle|> number one thing I would say to a new entrepreneur is to do something that really interests you. Don't just start a business because you think it's cool to start a business. I've seen so many guys obsessed with spreadsheets and markets. But in the end you have to be irrational and have a problem you want to solve."
News Digital Marketing Food & Drink
'Deliveroo is too expensive', claims Hungryhouse as it switches its slogan
Rachel Gee
Hungryhouse has introduced a new slogan and Gogglebox-inspired campaign in a bid to steal customers from rivals such as Just Eat and Deliveroo.
When brands lose their cool: What next for Byron and Deliveroo?
Hipster-friendly brands Byron and Deliveroo have both endured negative headlines over the summer, but what do their problems tell marketers about how to remain 'cool' in the eyes of consumers?
Is Deliveroo rebrand about gaining global appeal or reducing controversy?
Tom Banks
Food delivery service Deliveroo has unveiled a colourful rebrand as it aims to improve its public perception and stand out on the global stage.
Marketing careers and joining up loyalty: Your Marketing Week
At the end of every week, I look at the key stories, offering my view on what they mean for you and the industry. From mitigating the impact of Covid on your career to Virgin's updated loyalty offer, it's been a busy week. Here's my take.
BMW invests 'hundreds of millions' in digital transformation
The car brand is investing hundreds of millions annually over the next five years as it looks to create a seamless digital experience for customers.
How a focus on consumer behaviour increased demand for Irish white fish
Consumer insights fueled a nudge campaign that helped drive sales of Irish haddock, hake and whiting.
L'Oréal on why it pays to speed up innovation in times of crisis
Charlotte Rogers
Rather than slashing R&D budgets in response to the pandemic, the vice-president of L'Oréal's tech incubator believes there is still "so much room" for innovation. | will reduce overall costs and help with customer retention.
With a background in finance and asset management, Shu explained that his entrepreneurial drive came from a desire to improve the food delivery experience in London compared to New York.
"The | 44 |
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My son and daughter in law got married here yesterday. Beautiful venue. | 49 |
Hughes Wins Technology Innovation of the Year Award
Company's JUPITER™ High-Throughput Satellite System Recognized at VSAT 2014 Conference
Germantown, Md., October 6, 2014—Hughes Network Systems, LLC (HUGHES), the global leader in broadband satellite solutions and services, today announced that its JUPITER high-throughput satellite system has been named the 2014 Technology Innovation of the Year at VSAT 2014, one of the satellite communication industry's top international events . The award recognizes how VSAT technological innovation has enhanced the delivery of satellite services to the wider community, while evolving the industry beyond its current limits.
Informa Telecoms & Media, in partnership with COMSYS, presented Hughes with the award during the 16th annual gathering of the satellite<|fim_middle|> Mexico, Malaysia, and the Middle East. | networking industry's major decision makers held in London this year. The judging panel was composed of leading executives from analyst, research, and industry organizations.
First introduced as the cornerstone technology for HughesNet® Gen 4 broadband Internet service in North America operating over the 100+ Gbps EchoStar® XVII satellite, the highly successful JUPITER System has now been productized for the global marketplace.
"We're proud to win this industry award from among many worthy candidates," said Pradman Kaul, president of Hughes. "Since launching VSAT satellite networks some 30 years ago, the Hughes record of innovation has had many firsts culminating in our JUPITER System— which is expressly designed to fully leverage the power and capabilities of the industry's new class of high-throughput satellites— bringing more people the many benefits of high-speed Internet service both in North America and now globally."
Employing a novel System on a Chip (SoC) and numerous other advancements—including an enhanced air interface and wideband carriers—JUPITER's modular design makes it the ideal, future-proof platform for operators to gain technology and cost advantages on today's conventional satellites and be well positioned for migration to next-generation HTS satellites. Besides powering HughesNet service in North America, the versatile JUPITER platform has now been chosen by operators in Latin America, Russia, Canada, | 277 |
William Somerset Maugham - Уильям Сомерсет Моэм
William Somerset Maugham is one of the best known English writers of the 20th<|fim_middle|>.com | century. He was not only a novelist, but also a one of the most successful dramatist and short-story writers.
He was born in Paris in 1874. His parents died when he was very little and the boy was brought up by his uncle, clergyman. After his parents' death the boy was taken away from the French school which he had attended, and went for his lessons daily to the apartment of the English clergyman at the church.
At the age of ten the boy was sent to England to attend school. In 1890 he went abroad and studied at the University of Heidelberg from which he returned to England in 1892 and as his parents had destined him for the medical profession, he became a medical student at St. Thomas's hospital in London.
His experience in treating the sick gave Maugham material for his first work "Lisa of Lambeth". After that, although he became a fully qualified doctor, Somerset decided to devote his life to literature. "I didn't want to be a doctor. I didn't want to be anything but a writer".
Soon after the publication of his first novel Maugham went to Spain and travelled widely to all parts of the world. He visited Russia, America, Africa, Asia. The technique of the short story had always interested Maugham. De Maupassant and Chekhov influenced him but he developed a form of a story that has unmistakable Maugham's flavor.
Somerset Maugham has written 24 plays, 19 novels and a large number of short stories. The most mature period of his life began in 1915, when he published one of his most popular novels.
Maugham wants the readers to draw his own conclusion about the characters and events described in his novels. The most prominent works by Somerset Maugham are: "Cakes and Ale", "Theatre", and "The Razor's Edge".
Realistic portrayal of life, keen character observation, and interesting plots coupled with beautiful, expressive language, simple and lucid style, place Somerset Maugham on a level with the greatest English writers of the 20th century.
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Q: Criteria for a prime degree field extension to be Galois Let $k$ be a field of characteristic zero, not algebraically closed<|fim_middle|> degree $np$ and $k(\zeta_p,\alpha)/k(\zeta_p)$ is Galois of degree $p$,
by the Kummer theory it means $k(\alpha) = k(\sqrt[p]{a})$ for some $a \in k(\zeta_p)^* /(k(\zeta_p)^*)^p$
and hence $k(\alpha)/k$ wasn't Galois.
Qed. $\zeta_p \in k$ and (Kummer theory) $k(\alpha) = k(\sqrt[p]{a})$ for some $a \in k^* /(k^*)^p$
| ,
and let $k \subset L$ be a field extension of prime degree $p \geq 3$.
I am looking for an additional condition which guarantees that $k \subset L$ is Galois.
An example for an answer: Here is a nice condition, which says that if $L=k(a)=k(b)$, with $a \neq b \in L$ both having the same minimal polynomial over $k$, then $k \subset L$ is Galois.
(Of course, by the primitive element theorem, there exist $a \neq b \in L$ such that $L=k(a)=k(b)$; the point is that they are conjugate).
(See also this question that asks for a generalization for degree product of two primes).
Thank you very much!
A: At this point of the discussion between the two users, 237522 and 1952009, the original question could be slightly "bent" and brought back to the following: "Given a field $k$ of characteristic $\neq p$ (where $p$ is an odd prime), classify the Galois extensions of $k$ of degree $p$". Such an extension is cyclic of degree $p$ and will be called a $C_p$-extension, where $C_p$ denotes the cyclic group of order $p$. I extract from https://math.stackexchange.com/a/2093431/300700 the following answer :
Denote by $G_k$ the absolute Galois group of $k$, so that any $C_p$-extension of $k$ is the fixed field of a subgroup of index $p$ of $G_k$, and any such subgroup is the kernel of a non trivial homomorphism $G_k \to C_p$, so that the $C_p$-extensions of $k$ are classified by the non trivial elements of the group $Hom(G_k, C_p)$. To progress further, introduce the field $K = k(\mu_p)$, where $\mu_p$ is the group of $p$-th roots of unity, and consider the restriction map $Hom(G_k, C_p) \to Hom(G_K, C_p)$. For any Galois module $X$, $\Delta=Gal(K/k)$ acts on $Hom (G_K , X)$ in the usual way, more precisely via $(\delta, f) \in \Delta \times Hom(G_K, X) \to f^{\delta}$ given by $f^{\delta}(x)= \delta (f(\delta^{-1}(x))$ for $x \in X$ . Note that this action is the only one which is functorial; here $\Delta$ acts trivially on $C_p$. Since $\Delta$ has order prime to $p$, it is classically known that $Hom(G_k, C_p)\cong Hom(G_K, C_p)^{\Delta}$, where the superscript $(.)^{\Delta}$ denotes the invariants under $\Delta$. Since $G_K$ acts trivially on $\mu_p$, one has $Hom(G_K, C_p)\cong Hom(G_K,\mu_p)$ as groups, but not as $\Delta$-modules because of the canonical action of $\Delta$ defined above. Actually, one can check easily that $Hom(G_K, C_p)\cong Hom(G_K,\mu_p)(-1)$, where $(.)(-1)$ denotes the so called "Tate twist", which means that the Galois action on $Hom(G_K,\mu_p)$ has been replaced by a new action defined by $\delta^{new} (f)= \kappa(\delta)^{-1}.\delta^{old}(f)$, where $\kappa$ is the mod $p$ character defined by $\delta(\zeta)=\zeta^{\kappa(\delta)}$ for $\zeta \in \mu_p$ . Consequently, $Hom(G_k, C_p)$ can be identied with the elements $f\in Hom(G_K,\mu_p)$ such that $\delta (f)=\kappa(\delta).f$ (these can be viewed as "eigenvectors" corresponding to the "eigenvalues" $\kappa(\delta)$). Now, by Kummer theory over $K$, $Hom(G_K,\mu_p)\cong (K^{*}/K^{*})^p$ , and this isomorphism is $\Delta$-equivariant, so we are done, at least theoretically.
A: Let $k(\alpha)/k$ a Galois extension of prime degree $[k(\alpha):k] = p$ and $char(k) \ne p$.
If $\zeta_p \not \in k$ then $k(\zeta_p)/k$ as well as $k(\alpha,\zeta_p)/k(\alpha)$ are Galois and (by looking at the possible automorphisms) $[k(\zeta_p):k]=[k(\alpha,\zeta_p):k(\alpha)] = n$ where $n \ |\ p-1$.
Thus $k(\zeta_p,\alpha)/k$ is Galois of | 1,104 |
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Boats & Builders
Basil Gillingham
August 7, 2013 March 10, 2016 Crystal Braye
Basil Gillingham with<|fim_middle|> that wood rots much quicker than it used to. Basil expects his most recently constructed boat to last only three or four years before needing repairs.
Central, Oral Histories Gander Bay, Gander River Boat, Notre Dame Bay Leave a comment
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Archives (DAI) | his Gander River Boat at Gander Bay
Basil Gillingham was born in 1940 in George's Point, Gander Bay and spent fifty years guiding on the Gander River. He learned how build boats at a young age by watching his father Leslie Gilllingham.
In Leslie's earlier days, these boats were double-ended and propelled primarily by a black spruce pole. "To get Gander you'd have to pole up the river and then get the train from Glenwood," says Basil, "and it would take you three days." Today, the trip from Gander Bay to the town of Gander can be done in less an hour by car.
Basil built his first Gander Bay Boat when he was 16-years-old and has built over 100 of them since. "There were a lot of boats built here in Gander Bay, and a lot of people built them. Older people now, a lot of them are gone, and there don't be many built anymore."
First Boat…
"My father used to build boats and that's how I came to learn. The first boat I built I was sixteen years old. I built it right there, where that house is now," Basil says pointing just behind him on the edge of the river. "I sold it for $50; for a brand new boat. They weren't worth much money then. They're worth a couple thousand dollars now."
Basil is one of few builders in the area that can still be found building wooden Gander Bay boats. While others have switched from fir (known locally as var) to spruce for planking, Basil continues to build with fir.
"That's all we used to use one time, but then we switched to spruce because we couldn't get var. It seemed like the spruce didn't last as long as what the var did, so I went back. I built one last spring with var, but she might not last either. They say the wood is no good."
For planks and gunnels, timber needs to be twenty-five feet long but with local fir trees suffering damage from invasive insects such as the sprucebug, good quality fir is increasingly difficult to find.
At one time, a boat could last for twenty years if it would properly maintained, but builders in the area find | 477 |
Fundamental Spiritual Concerns
Posted by RaK on April 28, 2011 at 2:00pm
By Grace F. Knoche
Our Special Issue for this year focuses on some of the fundamental spiritual concerns that underlie the problems facing humanity today. Our contributors have dealt with these issues from a theosophic perspective and have cast what light<|fim_middle|> truth, we are not only citizens of earth, but of the cosmos, and as such have a destiny cosmic in scope and possibility. The Kogi Elders of a little known tribe of South American Indians -- with extreme reluctance, and at the risk of the purity and integrity of their ancient culture maintained by disciplined fidelity for over four hundred years -- have come forth to urge their "very Younger Brother," ourselves, to make a complete turnabout in our ways if we would save our planet and ourselves. Their "message," as reported by Alan Ereira on film and in book form, is epitomized on PP. 105-13. Freedom to think, to choose, to know good from evil, imposes responsibility. We were not meant to be despoilers but custodians of our planet and of our fellow-humans, as well as of the animals, plants, and minerals.
One indication of the widespread concern about the issues facing humanity is the forthcoming Parliament of the World's Religions to be held in Chicago from August 28 to September 4 -- a centenary commemoration of the ground-breaking World's Parliament of Religions of 1893. The vision and courage of those who spearheaded the 1893 Parliament served as a catalyst that helped set in motion a chain reaction whose positive effects will continue through the coming centuries. Once the door is opened to independent inquiry and the hand of brotherhood extended, nothing can stop the momentum of interreligious and fraternal interchange. While honoring the 1893 assembly as a significant religious landmark, the near 150 Co-Sponsors of this year's Parliament, representing a broad spectrum of religious and philosophical communities, will focus on the critical problems that nations worldwide and their governments are struggling to solve. The last of four basic questions asked of the Co-Sponsors reads: "What alternative visions can your faith contribute to living peacefully and sustainably with others and with the earth?"
Why invite the leading figures of mainstream and alternative faiths to deliberate for several days on humanity's appalling plight unless the Council sponsoring the event were fired by a strong hope that the confluence of earnest minds and hearts could make a difference. But can a few individuals, however able and sincerely motivated, accomplish what the nations and peoples of the world most need? Without question, when there is a meeting of hearts for high purposes, with respect and appreciation for one another's integrity, the magic of synergy may occur, a spontaneous quickening of the spirit -- intangible yet very present. We are confident that the 1993 Parliament will close with a genuine fraternal feeling among all present that extends not only to the whole of humankind, but enfolds also our planet earth and all its kingdoms. This is the meaning of universal brotherhood.
Viewing with our mind's eye the manifold problems facing our humanity, we must ask: have we the required resolve to take those steps that will steadily erode the causes of the despicable conditions oppressing millions of our helpless brothers? Will our inner aspirations translate into a conscious reshaping of our thought-patterns so that these pressing issues remain alive in our consciousness? In this way we would add strength and possibly a touch of wisdom to those engaged directly in trying to resolve the immediate conditions wisely, compassionately, and where possible with long-range solutions. If not, we as a humanity cannot hope to execute the complete turnabout in our thinking and attitudes we so desperately need. This may loom as an impossible task, but have we a choice? Time is running out and the margins of tolerance are narrowing. Yet try we must: with minds and hearts that can embrace universes of stars and atoms, far better to venture a sea-change than to sink into quietism, "the paralysis of the soul."
Since all action has its seeding in the mind and emotions, it is patently clear that if we would achieve peace, justice, and harmonious relationships on a global scale, we have first to root out the deadly weeds of pride, self-righteousness, and greed in ourselves, breeding-ground of the pervasive hate and intolerance that result in the outrages of the day, and the rape and plunder of our planet. There is no call for despair, for much is happening on inner planes in the closing years of this decade, and its effects are being felt worldwide. Millions of people are breaking free from the straitjacket of credalism, and trusting their inner light, the divine spark within. Every human being is irradiated by the same light insofar as we open ourselves to it. This is our challenge and our opportunity, for nothing dispels the darkness of ignorance, selfishness, and egoism more swiftly than the light of our divinity illuminating our human nature. With our inner god as companion and friend, we will know that every brave attempt to mitigate and eventually solve the overwhelming problems of the times adds power and longevity to the totality of creative and light-bearing energies that are protecting humanity and Mother Earth as they circulate in and through the thought-continent surrounding our planet.
(From Sunrise magazine, April/May 1993; copyright © 1993 Theosophical University Press)
Man is a center of light and joy that increase the more they are poured out. Is not the speaking man more than vocal cords, he who laughs a giver of joy, and is not his love a radiance that blesses all it touches? These are in the common lot of every man. By them is he continually renewed. -- Gertrude W. Hockinson
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Join Humanity Healing Community | they may have on certain basic questions that people of all ages ask: Who are we, and why are we born in the first place? What about old age and the process of dying, and death itself that many fear so greatly? What purpose have pain and the long drawn-out suffering that afflicts people seemingly without regard to character or circumstance? Where is the justice? Obviously there are no easy or pat answers, yet the process of reflecting on these themes does help us meet whatever comes with a degree of equanimity. If we could learn to live in harmony with ourselves, we would live in harmony with our neighbors, as well as with the earth.
In considering these topics, we need to take into account what a human being really is. According to the ancient wisdom the epochal event of lighting the mind in early humanity made us distinct from the animals. But the faculty of mind is double-edged: having power to think and make choices gave us knowledge but not wisdom -- this must be earned. Truly, the mind is a mystery, at one time near to godlike, rising to supernal heights, at another more bestial than the beasts. We can't help but question whether justice is fundamental in the cosmos, and if so how this is reflected in human behavior. When we hear, as many faiths claim, that we humans bear within our deepest essence the mystic seal of godhood, it is difficult indeed to reconcile this with the unconscionable injustices perpetrated on millions of the innocent. Clearly, as individuals and collectively as a humanity we have a backlog of unfinished business to handle and a stretch of maturing yet before us.
We are all intermeshed, and how any one of us thinks and feels affects others, perhaps hundreds of persons whom we don't know but who are, nonetheless, in synchrony with our thought-rhythms -- all of which adds to the peace or discord in our world. Our inner connectedness is a theme in tune with the emerging Aquarian age; already we are aware instantaneously of any trouble spot on our globe. This has built-in problems of course; but it points up as nothing else does our oneness as a species: that when one part of the soul of humanity is out of alignment a warp is felt throughout the whole, until we have set right the imbalance. It is a grievous thing to place obstacles in the path of another -- more and more we realize the far-reaching influence of thought-power for weal or woe.
Understandably, one of today's most pressing concerns is humanity's relations to earth and all her kingdoms below and above the human. If divinity, by whatever name, enlivens every atom of its creation, our earth -- Gaia -- is as much a vital, dynamic being as we are, divine in origin, with its own wisdom and a future of incomparable wonder. In | 586 |
Republicans face off in the Ohio primary
By Don Gonyea
Published May 3, 2022 at 3:32 PM CDT
Primary election season began in earnest today as voters went to the polls in Ohio and Indiana. Among the early results, Congressman Tim Ryan is the Democratic Senate nominee according to a race call from the Associated Press.
NPR national political correspondent Don Gonyea is in Ohio and joins us with more. Hey, Don.
DON GONYEA, BYLINE: Hey.
SHAPIRO: Let's start with that Democratic Senate primary result. Tell us more.
GONYEA: Right. Congressman Ryan was expected to win. He was by far the highest-profile candidate. He's been running all along like he was running a general election, and he's really trying to follow the example of the state's Democratic senator who is not on the ballot this year; that's Senator Sherrod Brown. Brown keeps winning by focusing on economic issues. I've been with Ryan on the campaign trail, and he has gone all over the state - including to conservative parts, to Trump strongholds - stressing that economic message, often with harsh words for China.
Today, though, Ari, he was also talking about abortion some. You know, there is that leaked draft opinion from the Supreme Court that could indicate Roe v. Wade being struck down. Ryan suggested that that could drive Democratic base voters to turn out<|fim_middle|>D TRUMP: He fights like crazy, and he loves Ohio. And he - frankly, he's a great Buckeye. So what I'd like to do is ask J.D. Vance...
(CHEERING, APPLAUSE)
UNIDENTIFIED PEOPLE: (Chanting) J.D. J.D. J.D.
TRUMP: ...Come forward. I want to pick somebody that's going to win.
GONYEA: Now, you know, a week later, Trump messed up J.D. Vance's name when he was talking about him at another rally, so there's that. But this is really the first major test to the power of the Trump endorsement this primary season. If Vance wins, Trump will claim credit. If he loses, well, that's a big story, and the questions of Trump's clout become a very hot topic, even among Republicans.
SHAPIRO: All right. Well, if Vance doesn't win, who are the other Republicans that we're looking at tonight?
GONYEA: Right. There were several of them who wanted Trump's endorsement. There's Josh Mandel, a former state treasurer. It's actually his third Senate run. He's really campaigned in the combative Trump mold. There's Mike Gibbons, an investment banker who's poured a lot of his own money into the bank.
One candidate who has not sought Trump's approval and is worth watching is State Senator Matt Dolen. He's a Trump voter, but he's the only one who says the election in 2020 was not stolen. He doesn't buy Trump's lies along those lines, and he hopes he's maybe found a lane for himself.
SHAPIRO: That is NPR's Don Gonyea on one of the races we are watching tonight in Ohio and Indiana. For more races to keep an eye on and for live updating results tonight, go to npr.org. Thank you, Don.
GONYEA: My pleasure. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR. | as well.
SHAPIRO: Having now won the primary, did Ryan share any thoughts about the general election looking ahead?
GONYEA: I did - he did. And, you know, I asked him early today, before we knew much - voting was still going on - about his potential Republican opponent, still unknown as we speak.
TIM RYAN: They all have different versions of crazy, and so we're just going to hone in on that particular candidate and really provide the contrast.
GONYEA: And in his reference to crazy, he is talking about how, on the Republican side, there's been a lot of competition to kind of out-Trump one another among those candidates. But no matter the Republican nominee, Ryan faces an uphill fight. Many political watchers think he could maybe be the kind of Democrat who could win in a red state, especially as Republicans lean so hard into Trumpism. But again, this is a state that Trump won twice really easily.
SHAPIRO: Well, tell us about those Republicans that he's likely to be going up against. Who is it?
GONYEA: Right. I'm here in Cincinnati, in this ballroom where we are waiting to hear at some point this evening from J.D. Vance. He's holding his election night watch party here. People might remember him for his memoir, "Hillbilly Elegy." I'm with Vance because he may emerge out of a competitive Republican Senate primary after he received the endorsement of former President Trump. Trump came to Ohio a couple of weeks ago to stump for Vance and some candidates down ballot.
DONAL | 329 |
The default retirement age of 65<|fim_middle|> months.
This entry was posted in redundancy by James Carmody. Bookmark the permalink. | was abolished in the UK in 2011. Employers can only impose a compulsory retirement age on employees if it can be objectively justified as a genuine occupational requirement. Compulsory retirement for air traffic controllers and policemen may be possible to justify, but not for the majority of office-based jobs.
Statutory Redundancy Payments: With the abolition of the compulsory retirement age, the tapering off of statutory redundancy payments for those aged 64 and above was also removed. Over sixty-fives will therefore still be eligible for a statutory redundancy payment.
For example, someone aged 70, employed for thirty years, and earning £385 pw (£20,000 pa) would be entitled to a statutory redundancy payment of £11,550 and 12 weeks statutory notice.
Someone aged 75, employed for 15 years and earning £600 would be entitled to a statutory redundancy payment of £11,002.50 (applying the current cap of £489 pw) and 12 weeks statutory notice.
Redundancy Selection Criteria: Some employers may invite people to apply for voluntary redundancy, and of course if someone over sixty-five volunteers, then that will not be a problem. However will it be discriminatory to use age as a basis on which to select employees for redundancy?
The Equality Act 2010 states at section 13(2) that it will be direct discrimination to select someone for redundancy on the basis of their age, unless can show that the treatment is a 'proportionate means of achieving a legitimate aim.' An employer could argue that if employee qualifies for his pension, and the business is served by promoting the careers of younger staff who may intend to remain employed for longer, a legitimate aim will be achieved. However this could be open to challenge, and for this reason many employers would rather not rely on age.
This invites a potential Equality Act challenges from older staff on the basis of the negative score for years for criteria B and D, as older employees are more likely to have ailments requiring time off sick. Younger staff (with less than three years' service) may challenge it on the grounds that criteria A and C put them at a disadvantage.
For this reason, an increasing number of employers prefer to simply invite all staff at risk of redundancy to apply for, and be interviewed for, the remaining positions within the team / organisation. On the face of it, interviewers will only interview on the basis of capability to perform the new role. Some managers may then skew the results to select the person they already decided they wanted. Such prejudgement would be both unfair and potentially discriminatory. Proving that though may be difficult.
Enhanced Redundancy Payments: Many employers offer enhanced redundancy payments. Can or should employers reduce enhanced payments for the over sixty-fives? In this case the employer would need to argue that doing so was a proportionate means of achieving a legitimate aim, as the object of the enhanced payment was to help the ex-employee until they either a) get a new job or b) qualify for their pension. However an over sixty-five without a decent pension may argue that they won't be able to get another job and won't be able to survive on their state pension.
In Odar v Baxter Deutschland the European Court of Justice held that it was not discriminatory on the grounds of age to taper and reduce redundancy compensation payments for employees aged over 54, by taking into account the earliest date from which they could receive a state pension. The ECJ accepted that the legitimate policy aim was to protect younger workers and to apply limited resources to them. Older employees could instead take advantage of the state pension.
However, the ECJ concluded that formula was indirect disability discrimination and could not be justified for that reason. The Odar case emphasises the perils that employers face when trying to apply such age-related criteria.
Conclusion: Few employers will be brave enough to admit to relying on age as a criteria for selecting for redundancy and if they do so, it will be under the radar. On the other hand some older employees may be more willing to volunteer for redundancy, especially if they think they are going to get an enhanced redundancy payment.
James Carmody. Reculver Solicitors advise on redundancy, age discrimination, unfair dismissal and other employment matters and are based in London WC1. Reculver has developed a Redundancy and unfair dismissal Calculator tool which the statutory redundancy payment; the statutory notice period, payment in lieu of notice and a possible unfair dismissal award if out of work for six | 935 |
4 Wheel Parts is a company with several stores scattered throughout the US and Canada that provides parts for truck or jeep. If you prefer to go to a store<|fim_middle|> charge within the continental United States. More shipping information and details are available online.
Be sure to visit the "Special Deals" section of this website to take advantage of promotions. Sometimes you'll even be able to receive free parts and accessories, "buy one, get one" deals, or special mailing rebates on merchandise that qualify. | , where they install all the parts they sell, the store locator feature on the website will help you find the closest location available. You can also request a catalog and shop through mail order. 4 Wheel Parts includes a vast array of automotive parts such as wheels, superchip programmers, tonneau covers, shocks, tools, lift kits, lights, floor mats, bed covers and jeep tops. Parts are offered at discount prices with weekly promos available on the website, and they boast a '100% price match guarantee' so you can be sure you're getting the best deal. Shipping rates vary with orders, but free shipping is extended for purchases over $75 on select merchandise.
Many orders from 4 Wheel Parts qualify for free standard ground shipping if they're over $75. Free shipping is only offered on deliveries to the United States, and truck tires, bumpers, cargo racks, drive train assemblies, and bed liners are not eligible due to weight or size restrictions. The company fills orders of in-stock merchandise in 1-2 business days. Some components are drop-shipped directly from the manufacturer and may take longer. If you choose 2-day or overnight shipping at checkout, you need to take into account the number of days before the shipping process begins.
If you're not satisfied with your purchase, you can return it within 30 days for a refund. The company reserves the right to charge a restocking fee if the original packaging is not intact, or if any warrantee cards and instruction manuals are missing. After 30 days, you can still return merchandise, but it's no longer eligible for a refund, but you can get a store credit after a restocking fee is subtracted from the total. There are no refunds or exchanges allowed after 90 days. The website has a clearance section where you'll find deep discounts on many truck parts while supplies last. Many of the items also qualify for free shipping. For any other discounts, please check out 4 Wheel Parts coupons and promo codes posted above.
4 Wheel Parts posts limited time only promotions from time to time, usually offering customers the opportunity to take advantage of deeply discounted shipping rates or free shipping with zero purchase requirements.
Visitors to this site should also investigate the "Promotion of the Week" section on the home page. These deals are refreshed every week and offer substantial discounts.
This company has a full "Low Price Promise" guarantee program in effect. Customers will have the opportunity to request a price match online to verify that they paid the lowest price possible, and if a lower price is found anywhere else customers will receive a full refund for the difference.
Orders that are valued at $75 or more (and include qualifying products) are going to ship free of | 559 |
National spelling bee ends in a tie for third consecutive year
NATIONAL HARBOR, Md. — For the third year in a row, the Scripps National Spelling Bee has ended with two champions.
Nihar Janga, 11, of Austin, Texas, and Jairam Hathwar, 13, of Painted Post, N.Y., were declared co-champions Thursday night after fighting to a draw during 39 rounds of competition.
"It was just insane," Jairam said as he and Nihar triumphantly hoisted the golden winner's cup into the air.
"I'm just speechless," Nihar said. "I'm only in the fifth grade."
Jairam's final word in the competition was "Feldenkrais," a trademark that refers to a system of aided body movements.
Nihar stayed in the competition by correctly spelling "gesellschaft," which refers to a type of social relationship.
Twice, it looked as if Jairam would be eliminated, after he misspelled "drahthaar," a breed of dog, and "mischsprache," a language. But Nihar missed his follow-up words, which put Jairam back in contention.
The spellers will take home $40,000 in cash and other prizes.
The bee changed the rules this year to avoid what exactly what happened — a marathon championship round. Words given to finalists didn't come from a 25-word list predetermined by spelling officials, Paige Kimble, the bee's executive director, said. Instead, organizers had the option of using an expanded list of words from anywhere in Webster's Third New International Dictionary. Kimble called it "raising the standard." But it didn't work.
Both Jairam and Nihar said they knew some of the words they were given and figured out the spelling of the rest.
Jairam is the younger brother of 2014 co-champion, Sriram Hathwar. He said the best advice he got from his brother was not to get too agitated if he was given a word he<|fim_middle|>.
From "bailliage," which refers to the authority of a medieval officer, to "kakiemon," which is a Japanese decorated porcelain, spellers easily mastered a number of foreign tongue-twisters.
But Jashun Paluru, 11, of West Lafayette, Ind., was eliminated after stumbling over "vasopressin," a hormone that increases blood pressure.
Jashun asked if there were any alternate pronunciations. There were four. He asked for the part of speech: noun. He asked for all the pronunciations and the definition again before giving it his best shot: "v-a-s-o-p-r-e-s-i-n."
The dreaded sound of the bell signaled his error.
The problem was that the word comes from a trademark, meaning Jashun couldn't get help from rules that apply to other languages from which many English words are derived.
"It doesn't follow any patterns," Jashun explained after receiving a standing ovation from the crowd.
The original 284 spellers ranged in age from 6 to 14 and were almost evenly divided among boys (143) and girls (141). They hailed from all 50 states and the District of Columbia, as well as the Bahamas, Canada, Europe, Ghana, Guam, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, South Korea and the U.S. Virgin Islands.
For the first time, competitors included a first-grader — 6-year-old Akash Vukoti of San Angelo, Texas.
7 things you didn't know about the National Spelling Bee
Akash aced the spelling of "inviscate" in Round 2 on Wednesday — the word means to encase in a sticky substance. But he stumbled in Round 3 on "bacteriolytic," which refers to the destruction or dissolution of bacteria.
Last year's winners were Vanya Shivashankar of Olathe, Kansas, and Gokul Venkatachalam of Chesterfield, Mo. The two battled through 20 tense, error-free rounds.
Contributing: Maureen Groppe, Brian Tumulty, USA TODAY | didn't know. He plans on saving his winnings to pay for college.
Ten contestants made it to the finals and competed for the title of national champion before a live television audience. The finals were broadcast on ESPN.
The bee began Tuesday with 284 contestants but was pared to 45 Wednesday evening, after a written test and two rounds of onstage spelling.
Can you spell these often misspelled words?
By Thursday afternoon, the field had been further narrowed to the 10 finalists, who came from California, Colorado, Florida, Indiana, Massachusetts, New York and Texas.
Five finalists made a return trip to the bee, which took place at Gaylord National Resort and Convention Center, just outside of Washington.
Mitchell Robson had a simple request as he nervously walked to the microphone Round 8 Thursday night.
"You need to give me a word I know — please," the 14-year-old from Marblehead, Mass. Pleaded.
"I'll try to work with you," pronouncer Jacques Bailly joked.
Maybe it was karma, or maybe his plea actually worked. Whatever the explanation, Mitchell had no trouble spelling "esquisse," which refers to a first, usually rough sketch. The crowd cheered as he returned to his seat.
Ranking the 8 best Spelling Bee moments of all time
These spellers have S-W-A-G on stage
But Robson's victory was short-lived. A few minutes later, in Round 9, he misspelled "Wehrmacht" – which referred to the unified forces of Nazi Germany – and was eliminated from the competition.
Cooper Komatsu of Los Angeles was clearly nervous when it came his time to spell. He fidgeted. He stalled. But he conquered. He easily spelled "myoclonus," which means an irregular, involuntary muscle contraction | 375 |
Morley is a rural parish set on the sandstone plateau just north of Derby. It consists of a number of scattered settlements connected by lanes and field footpaths.
In our second year, a variety of large and small gardens and allotments will be open to the public, some with historical interest, one with alpacas, but all with interest for the garden lover.
Being a scattered rural village, there is the potential for keen walkers to use the field paths to move between the different settlements, but many visitors will prefer to drive, given the lack of pavements on our lanes.
The beautiful St Matthews Church and its churchyard and adjacent ma<|fim_middle|>ouse Lane, Brackley Gate, Cloves Hill and Broomfield Hall. | usoleum will also be open for visitors. Refreshments will be available in a number of gardens throughout the village.
Proceeds in aid of St Matthews Church.
£4.00 per adult which covers both days, accompanied children free.
Passports will be on sale at each of the settlements and are valid for the whole village - look for the signs as you enter the village.
Morley sits on the A608 Derby to Heanor road, and on Moor Lane north of Breadsall village. Ample parking space will be available at Brickkiln Lane, St. Matthews Church, Almsh | 126 |
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Child & Child pendant brooch, English, circa 1900.
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Pendant brooch by Child & Child. A pendant/brooch in three detachable sections, the uppermost composed of an elongated octagon with inward bowed sides set with one central diamond in a collet setting with a weight of 2.50 carats, flanked by trefoil forms set with six diamonds in bead settings with a combined weight of 1.20 carats, on a ground of pierced millegrain vertical bars, and encircled by a single scalloped border of twenty six diamonds in bead settings with a combined weight of 13.00 carats; the middle section composed of one central diamond in a collet setting with a weight of 1.20 carats, on a ground of pierced millegrain horizontal bars, and encircled by a stylized laurel wreath set with eighteen diamonds in bead settings with a combined weight of 2.16 carats, surmounted with two diamonds in collet settings with a combined weight of 0.15 carats, and encircled by a further five diamonds in collet settings with a combined weight of 1.50 carats; the bottom section in the same format and settings as the middle with one central diamond at a weight of 0.45 carats, eighteen diamonds weighing 0.90 total carats, two diamonds at 0.10 total carats, and five diamonds at 0.50 total carats, and also with a lower pendant composed of one<|fim_middle|> strands of pearls and large, convertible diamond and platinum jewels. One of her first was commissioned from Garrard's in 1888 on the occasion of her twenty fifth wedding anniversary—a platinum tiara set with 488 large brilliant cut diamonds. Once she ascended the throne she was free to attempt to rival the lavish crown jewels of her sister, Dagmar, who became the Empress Maria Feodorovna of Russia upon her marriage to Tsarevich Alexander III. Alexandra commissioned numerous diamond and platinum jewels from Europe's finest jewellery houses, including Cartier, Garrard, and Child and Child, the maker of this piece.
Charlotte Gere and Judy Rudoe, Jewellery in the Age of Queen Victoria, London: The British Museum Press, 2010.
Vivienne Becker, Antique and Twentieth Century Jewellery, London: Gemmological Association of Great Britain, 1987.
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Privacy Policy: We respect your privacy and will never share your details with anyone. | diamond in a collet setting with a weight of 0.40 carats, above a bell form set with two diamonds in bead settings with a combined weight of 0.60 carats and with three diamonds in bead settings with a combined weight of 0.15 carats, above two more articulated links one composed of a diamond in a collet setting with a weight of 0.25 carats, above one mounted in the same fashion with a weight of 0.15 carats, all above an inverted tear shape link set with two rose cut diamonds in bead settings with a combined weight of 0.03 carats; all set with cushion shape old cut diamonds unless specified, millegrained throughout, and with a grand total of ninety three cushion shape old cut diamonds with an approximate total weight of 25.20 carats, and two round rose cut diamonds with an approximate total weight of 0.03 carats. The upper section is set to reverse with an entirely removable brooch bar with secure C spring clasp, and further set with two loops for a necklace to be attached. Each of the three sections are set with thread bars to attach or remove accordingly, with two threads set to the upper to form a choice of brooch or pendant as desired. Tested platinum, with maker's mark for Child and Child, English, circa 1900.
This convertible pendant brooch dates from the Edwardian era, named for King Edward VII, eldest son of Queen Victoria, who ruled the United Kingdom from 1901 to 1910. High style jewels dating from this period, of which this piece is a superb example, share distinctive design, material, and technical features. The 'Edwardian' style is among the most popular in antique jewellery today.
In terms of style, fine Edwardian jewellery is perhaps most characterized by its delicate femininity, with designs inspired directly from late eighteenth century French architecture and decorative arts. This fascination with the ancien régime, particularly the reign of Louis XVI, has its roots in mid-nineteenth century revivalism, this particular vein popularized by the Empress Eugénie's romanticization of her ill-fated predecessor, Marie Antoinette. This alliance was no doubt in part propagandistic, intended to establish the legitimacy of Eugénie and Napoleon III by way of association with the French monarchy. Eugénie commissioned jewellery copied directly from Marie Antoinette's alleged jewels, as well as jewels in the 'style Louis XVI'. Brooches made by Baugrand for Eugénie in this mode were exhibited at the 1867 Paris Exhibition, which aided in spreading the style on the international level. Though not yet waning, the Louis XVI style was bolstered via the Paris Exhibition of 1889—the centennial of the outbreak of the French Revolution—where jewellers such as Boucheron exhibited designs under the same stylistic description. Around the same time as Edward's ascension to the throne, the house of Cartier took up the Louis XVI style in earnest, putting their own distinctive spin on it. Jacques Cartier encouraged his designers to go out into Paris and sketch architectural elements such as boughs, laurel wreaths, and ribbons from eighteenth century buildings, resulting in what is now often referred to as the 'garland style'.
What further distinguishes high-end Edwardian era jewels is a confined selection of materials, namely a preference for all things white—diamonds, pearls, and platinum. By the turn of the century diamonds and pearls were already firmly established as the king and queen of gems, however platinum was just making its widespread entrance onto the jewellery stage. New innovations in technology at the end of the nineteenth century allowed for this hard metal to be more easily fashioned into jewellery. Due to platinum's strength, jewellers were able to create designs vastly more delicate than in silver or gold. In addition, unlike silver platinum possesses the added benefit of being tarnish-resistant, making it an ideal mount for colourless diamonds. Some of the most impressive examples of jewellery from this period display new piercing techniques made possible by the strength of platinum, by which various intricate openwork designs such as honey comb, lace, and parallel 'knife wire' patterns were achieved, the latter of which can be seen in the present piece. Millegraining was also a key feature of this style, the minute beading used to hold stones almost imperceptivity in place. The result of these innovations was craftsmanship of unsurpassed delicacy, rarely if ever replicated today.
This luxurious style was readily adopted by the court of King Edward VII, a man who was particularly known, even for an heir apparent, for living a life of lavish leisure, as he was precluded from political activity for the majority of his life by the extended reign of his mother. In contrast to the gravity of Victoria's court, due to her devotion to the practice of mourning, a backlash against such restraint seemed to further encourage the style. Alexandria, Queen Consort, the centre of British court life and consequently a fashion plate for the world, was often photographed covered in multiple | 1,058 |
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