question stringlengths 14 1.69M | answer stringlengths 1 40.5k | meat_tokens int64 1 8.18k |
|---|---|---|
Assunta Alumni
Assunta Spirit Alive!
Assunta School Song
Membership & Renewal
AGM Minutes & Financial Accounts
Breakfast with Teachers 2019
3-in-<|fim_middle|> homes for man. The block of iron ore is part of the wealth we have inherited on this earth of ours. How are we to use it?
The shaft of light strikes the stone in a room of utter simplicity. There are no other symbols, there is nothing to distract our attention or to break in on the stillness within ourselves. When our eyes travel from these symbols to the front wall, they meet a simple pattern opening up the room to the harmony, freedom and balance of space.
There is an ancient saying that the sense of a vessel is not in its shell but in the void. So it is with this room. It is for those who come here to fill the void with what they find in their centre of stillness."
Upcoming Events & Activities
Alumni application & Renewal
Find your schoolmates
@ Assunta e-Alumni
Copyright © 2020 Assunta Alumni
Privacy & Personal Data Policy | 1 Celebration (13 October 2018)
Alumni Activities Archive
Return of The Thinking Pool
A Room of Quiet
(The United Nations Meditation Room)
Created by former UN Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjöld as "a place where the doors may be open to the infinite lands of thought and prayer".
This is a room devoted to peace and those who are giving their lives for peace. It is a room of quiet where only thoughts should speak.
Dag Hammarskjöld (Sweden), served as UN Secretary-General from April 1953 until his death in a plane crash in Africa in September 1961…
"We all have within us a centre of stillness surrounded by silence.
This house, dedicated to work and debate in the service of peace, should have one room dedicated to silence in the outward sense and stillness in the inner sense.
It has been the aim to create in this small room a place where the doors may be open to the infinite lands of thought and prayer.
People of many faiths will meet here, and for that reason, none of the symbols to which we are accustomed in our meditation could be used.
However, there are simple things which speak to us all with the same language. We have sought for such things and we believe that we have found them in the shaft of light striking the shimmering surface of the solid rock.
So, in the middle of the room, we see a symbol of how daily, the light of the skies gives life to the earth on which we stand, a symbol to many of us of how the light of the spirit gives life to matter.
But the stone in the middle of the room has more to tell us. We may see it as an altar, empty not because there is no God, not because it is an altar to an unknown god, but because it is dedicated to the God whom man worships under many names and in many forms.
The stone in the middle of the room reminds us also of the firm and permanent in a world of movement and change.
The block of iron ore has the weight and solidity of the everlasting. It is a reminder of that cornerstone of endurance and faith on which all human endeavour must be based.
The material of the stone leads our thoughts to the necessity for choice between destruction and construction, between war and peace. Of iron man has forged his swords, of iron he has also made his ploughshares. Of iron he has constructed tanks, but of iron, he has likewise built | 510 |
Transmission Line Seminars Offer Information and Options for Landowners
Seminars scheduled throughout Texas
AUSTIN, TEXAS – The Texas Wildlife Association (TWA) and the Texas and Southwestern Cattle Raisers Association (TSCRA) are teaming up to offer landowners a series of five educational seminars featuring expert information on the electric transmission line process (CREZ) and options for private landowners who may be impacted by the proposed transmission line routes. The first seminar is scheduled for Aug. 30 in San Angelo at the Texas AgriLife Research and Extension Center.
Glen Webb, Abilene attorney and TWA secretary, and Judon Fambrough, attorney, Texas A&M Real Estate Center, will provide presentations at each seminar.
The seminars begin at 1:30 p.m. and conclude at 4 p.m. Each seminar is free and open to the public.
Aug. 30 – San Angelo
1:30 p.m. – 4 p.m.
Texas AgriLife Research and Extension Center, 7887 US Hwy 87 North
Sept. 1 – Wichita Falls
Clark Student Center, Shawnee Theater, Midwestern State University, 3410 Taft Blvd.
Oct. 8 – Kerrville
UGRA Guadalupe Basin Natrual Resources Center, 125 Lehman Dr, Ste. 100
Oct. 13 – Cleburne
Johnson County Cattle Auction, 3119 N. Main Street
Oct. 27 – Lubbock
3 p.m. – 5:30 p.m.
Texas AgriLife Research and Extension Center, 1102 East FM 1294
For more information visit www.texas-wildlife.org.
The Texas Wildlife Association is a statewide 501(c)4 non-profit membership organization that actively advocates for wildlife and natural resource conservation at the local, state, and national levels. We are absolutely dedicated to educating all persons, especially the youth of Texas, about the conservation, management and enhancement of wildlife and wildlife habitat on private land to ensure the preservation of our cherished rural heritage for future generations.
The Texas and Southwestern Cattle Raisers<|fim_middle|>Calf Care: How cold is too cold? | Association is a 133-year-old trade organization. As the largest and oldest livestock association in Texas, TSCRA represents more than 15,000 beef cattle producers, ranching families and businesses who manage approximately 4 million head of cattle on 51.5 million acres of range and pasture land, primarily in Texas and Oklahoma. TSCRA provides law enforcement and livestock inspection services, legislative and regulatory advocacy, industry news and information, insurance services and educational opportunities for its members and the industry.
TSCRA – 78 – 2010
August 16, 2010 / Education, Events
It's what's for dinner: Bao beef buns
Fed Cattle Exchange Sale Results for Aug. 30, 2017
New farm bill discussions highlight Ag Forum meeting in Austin
The value of preconditioning
Be cautious with what is coming in with donated hay
Cooke County
Recipe: Beef Picadillo-Stuffed Acorn Squash
| 212 |
Netflix and Hulu Are Trying to Please Too Many People at Once
Alyssa Rosenberg
What's wrong with new shows Lillyhammer and Battleground
One of the most significant media developments of the last year has been the news that companies that have traditionally delivered content produced by other people are now making television shows themselves. It's too early to tell whether companies like Netflix, Hulu, Amazon, and now Comcast are planning to program full seasons of television, or whether they're just going into the content business as a negotiating tool. If they could make their own hit shows, that could put them in a stronger position to negotiate with the studios they've previously been totally dependent on for content.
But will those shows be hits? Or even good? The first batch of full-length, web-based television shows arrived on Netflix and Hulu users' screens this month. And the results are mixed. Hulu and Netflix may know a lot about what their users like to watch. But both companies seem to be trying to satisfying far too many of those users at once. Hulu's Battleground takes a mockumentary look at the staffers on an underdog Senate campaign in Wisconsin, while Netflix's<|fim_middle|> or buy the affections of his ladyfriend's young son. The whole series has the air of the German television shows Jack Donaghy had to watch in the second season of 30 Rock, full of lectures on the evils of industry and game shows with names like Interrogation Bear: It's off-putting, but occasionally fascinating.
Over time, most television networks settle on what kind of programming fits their brand: NBC's known for its quirky comedies, CBS for its bland, broadly appealing sitcoms and cop dramas, ABC is full of soap suds, while HBO goes dark and Showtime goes abrasive. Hulu and Netflix, if they continue to develop full original programming slates rather than using a few original shows as leverage to cut better deals with original content companies, will likely figure out what works for them, too.
But if Battleground and Lillyhammer are any indication, both companies pulling elements from many different kinds of shows together rather than aiming for a single demographic around which they can build an audience. It's one thing to get people to come to your site because you get them access to everything from Sons of Anarchy to Dora The Explorer. But you're probably not going to get all of your subscribers, or even a large number of them, to tune in to any given show. The sooner the people who deliver content recognize that, the better their original content projects will be.
Alyssa Rosenberg is a culture writer with The Washington Post. | Lillyhammer follows a former mobster to his new home in Norway.
Battleground—which has new episodes every Tuesday—is at its best when it's unafraid to be a little weird in a way that reflects the goofiness and cynicism of people who are overtired and a little sick of each other's company. One funny line comes when campaign staffer Ali, trying to track down how a high school student got a piece of damaging information about the candidate's personal life, friends a bunch of the student's classmates on Facebook to see if they have any connections to the rival campaign. She groans about one of them, "What's worse is that he plays Farmville. He's going to bug me for seeds." And when some staffers sneak into a campaign event for the rival candidate and come away with a looted t-shirt, Tak, the campaign manager, receives it with a cheery, "Good! For my RealDoll!"
MORE ON TELEVISION
At 500 Episodes, How Does The Simpsons Say Something New?
15 New TV Shows to Look Forward to This Year
Jimmy Kimmel Is a Hilarious, Mean Corporate Shill
Goodbye to Hung, the Last TV Comedy Where Men Aren't Punchlines
Parks and Recreation: A Sitcom That Loves Middle America
How Romance Returned to Television
And Battleground even gets away with wackier stuff. In the pilot, when Tak finds out that Ben, a dorky new volunteer, worked at a Renaissance Fair, he makes the poor guy run errands in sorcerer mode. The sight of this naif bowing gallantly to the communications director, or delivering messages in goofy cadances is a reminder of what a weird and artificial environment a political campaign is in the first place. It's also a nod to Battleground's best network TV antecedent, Parks and Recreation, which has nailed the art of making the political slightly surreal.
But Battleground doesn't seem satisfied with the moments of comedy that it's nailing—it wants us to really care about the stakes of the campaign, too. But we don't actually know anything about the candidate other than that she's stalked by persistent lesbian rumors, won a state basketball championship in high school, and is married to an uptight, unpleasant man. These facts are hardly the basis for a passionate embrace of her candidacy or a basis for comparison with her incumbent rival.
The show also doesn't appear to have much of a sense for the scope or pace of a state-wide Senate race. Some of these limitations may be a factor of the show's small budget and desire to focus on a younger group of staffers. But it doesn't really make sense that four weeks out from the election, a candidate who's down by more than 20 points could suddenly spring into contention, or that someone as young as Tak (and with a his bad record of losing races) could engineer a genius turn-around for a candidate with heavier stated liabilities than assets. If the show was 22 episodes instead of 13, covering events that spread over a year or so, the emotional sine wave of the campaign might make more sense. But right now, the show seems like it's trying to appeal both to the fans of NBC's brand of ironic, slightly distanced comedy, and to the liberal therapy-seekers who turned to The West Wing during the Bush administration as a form of consolation. It's got the first part of that equation figured out, but it isn't even close to meeting the needs of the second one.
Lillyhammer—which has all eight of its episodes available on Netflix now—feels less off in its timing. But then, it's hard to crowd a story about a former mobster, Frank Tagliano (Steve Van Zandt, getting second use out of his facial expressions from The Sopranos), who after turning government informant asks to be relocated to Lillehammer, Norway, because he has fond memories of the Olympics that were set there. But Lillyhammer is, if anything, even more tonally confused than Battleground, and to less likable effect.
There's no question that the premise makes for a mildly amusing immigrant story. Frank is irritated by everything from his inability to expedite a license to open a bar to the fact that his American driver's license doesn't work. But while some of the ways Frank adapts to his new environment are pretty funny—turns out that threatening someone with a fast ride off an abandoned Olympic ski jump is as effective as offering to let them sleep with the fishes—a lot of them just make him come off as sour and even bigoted, rather than a sympathetic outsider or a nuanced anti-hero.
When he threatens a Muslim man in his immigrants' adaptation class because the man doesn't want to shake hands with their female teacher, who Frank has a crush on, he comes across as a culturally insensitive bully rather than as a gallant. Similarly, when he threatens a hippie who doesn't want to sell his land, which developers need to build a new condo complex, Frank shows himself to be a crude, self-interested heavy. And when his crush breaks her leg ice-skating, Lillyhammer offers up a stupid and stereotypical parody of a national health care system, making the doctors out to be utterly indifferent and lazy, to give Frank an excuse to give them a hard time. It's an odd grab-bag of tender romance, fish-out-of-water comedy, and mob drama.
If the show's meant to be a conservative critique of universal health care or the divisiveness that can spring from multiculturalism, Frank's not a particularly compelling vehicle for those ideas. And it's not much fun watching him mess up the generally decent lives of the people whose community he's invaded | 1,176 |
Mari Sarv chatting with Greete Jents in her yard in 1961. Photo by R. Hansen. ERA, Foto 5694.
The last carriers of the regilaul singing traditions in the once very rich region of Mulgimaa were the singers of Karksi Parish recorded in the 1960's. Mari Sarv (1884–1977) was a singer as well as a collector of folk traditions. She began sending the notes that she made to the Estonian Folklore Archives after she had seen an appeal in the newspaper in 1930 and became one of the archive's best correspondents. Mari Sarv learned her songs in her youth when she lived at home with her family, who were farm hands on the Karksi estate. There were lots of children and young people there. They sang as they tended the herds, they held many dance parties, and they listened to old women singing the older songs at the swing and the midsummer bonfires. Mari studied to be an artisan. She married Anton Sarv<|fim_middle|> recorded on tape. Her singing style was unusually slow and full of embellishments. Her speech was slow and thoughtful as well.
Singers and Musicians of the Pärnumaa County
26. Pretty Maid on the Swing
59. A Forest Stands Between the Maidens
93. The Doll Game | and lived in the town of Nuia. Mari Sarv's songs have been recorded on many occasions starting in 1935 onto wax cylinders and later onto records. Later in the 1960's and 1970's here songs were | 54 |
How it happened: The Knights, an NAIA program led by former Carmel head coach Scott Heady, kept it close for a half thanks to hot 3-point shooting. Marian was 6-of-14 from distance in the first half<|fim_middle|> won't work, and if he goes with two guards then it's a touch decision. DG is the best player on the team right now, probably — it's hard to keep him out of the starting lineup. Maybe if CH starts it's DG and RJ or maybe even DG and JN. I can't see starting RJ over DG at this point.
Look at his numbers though in just 17 minutes. If he plays closer to 30 minutes a game in the future, it wouldn't be a stretch to assume he could average 12 and 8 rebounds, a few assists, a block or 2. Not bad at all! Obviously this is just one exhibition game so lets give it time. But I don't see anything in the state line that looks discouraging. | , but Indiana still held a comfortable 12-point lead at the break. Had a few late shot clock attempts not gone in for the Knights, Indiana probably would have led by closer to 20 at the half. The revamped Hoosiers looked more fundamentally sound defensively, particularly on the perimeter. Some rotations and closeouts were still sloppy early, but Indiana's technique is clearly improved. And in the second half, the defensive intensity began to eat away at Marian's legs as the Hoosiers pulled away for a comfortable win. It's just an exhibition game, but the Archie Miller era got off to a positive start on Saturday night.
Standout performer: Sophomore Devonte Green picked up right where he left off at Hoosier Hysteria. Green was aggressive (and efficient) offensively as he finished with 22 points on 9-of-14 shooting. Beyond the points, Green also chipped in seven assists and six rebounds in 30 minutes.
Statistics that stands out: Indiana held Marian to .86 points per possession and turned it over on just 13.6 percent of its possessions.
RJ had an off night, tons of missed shots including layups. That won't continue. A few more drop, and he'd have his 15.
exactly this. I'm pretty certain this is exactly what's going to happen. 4 or so guys who average 14-15/game. Probably Morgan, RJ, DD, and DG. Hartman, Newkirk, and Smith maybe knocking on the door right behind them.
Fair points and the skepticism this early isn't misplaced. But I think you're in for a surprise. He's going to have his struggles and missteps, as all young players do. But he'll be a star nonetheless. I do suggest that people pay more attention to his passing skills, too. DG is going to have his hands on a LOT of the offense, one way or another. I also expect him to start learning to pick pockets and get open breaks on his own, a la Oladipo.
And half of the turnovers were by the freshmen. I think we're going to like how this team grows through the season under Archie's tutelage.
Get where you're coming from.
I think DG has a bright future IF he continues to listen to Archie and play within the system.
If he goes "rogue" and tries to take over games, he becomes almost useless to IU.
Right now, JN is the better PG because you know he will stay within the system; knows the system; and has apparently, based upon the last games of last year and going off last night, solved the problems that plagued him.
Please don't go with the "Oh Great One" nonsense.
Have always loved his passing!
I think Collin will start and Devonte will be the 6th man. I just don't see Collin coming off the bench, though I could certainly be wrong.
Last year DG had a fantastic start, but an inconsistent year. It really is a tad early to start declarations like that. I'm on the DG bandwagon, don't get me wrong, but as the rest of the guys settle into their games, things will probably change a little.
And yet I am anointing!
As you say, though, things will change as al the new players, new roles, and New schemes settle in. I do not think that DG is ready to carry the team with anything like the night in/night out consistency that an All-American like Yogi did. But both as matter of skill and as a matter of temperment, I think he has some attributes that no one else on the team does. As Ms. Hoosier points out, he just carries himself like he wants the responsibility. And as Archie has pointed out, he practices that way, too.
No, he'll have some downs in addition to the ups before he is a complete player who can bring 9 games out of 10, and others on the team will have big nights for sure. But he is the guy who will do most to drive the action with his own playmaking, and he is the guy we will most often look to (not always, just often) when we really need a basket or a big play. That's how I see it, and I'm sticking to it until either a) he unexpectedly flops, or b) someone else unexpectedly stands up (and not just for a game or two, but for an extended stretch.
The fact that he is a Sr and that he is healthy he would have played more. It would be great if gets 10 and 8. I really like him! He does all the dirty work.
I don't think I would call Archie an East Coast kind of guy. What is it that makes you say that?
I agree. If my memory is correct DG led in scoring last year at HH and I think may have led, or been very close to it in scoring for the first exhibition game last year as well. He is showing good signs, but it was only a scrimmage and Marian. Let's see how he looks when the real games start. I think he will definitely by a key contributor, but I am not ready to call him our star and leader just yet.
Fair enough, but I can tell you from experience moving from Indiana to near Philly that the Pittsburgh area where Archie is from is much different from the true East Coast vibe. While it may be a little different from Indiana it is still much closer to a Midwest vibe than East Coas in my opinion.
I have to say Arch, I agree with most everything you're saying. I'm just trying to put the brakes on a little bit. I really don't know why, other than I think a lot of folks (not pointing at you) are short-changing RJ and JM, and aren't even thinking of CH.
I really am very high on Devonte, and I believe he may become that go-to guy we've all been waiting to rise to the surface. I just think there are a lot of others to consider too.
I think Devonte will, as Archie said, become a very important part of this team. No doubt in my mind about that. I just hope he stays consistent.
We don't disagree much. As I said in a previous post, I'm not saying the Devonte is ready to take over the team the way Yogi did, for example, just that he is our most dynamic playmaker and the guy who seems best suited for taking on the challenge of making something happen when we really need it. I agree entirely that other players can and will step up at times, and I would add JN to that list — maybe even above the others. A senior PG is is a great guy to look to for leadership in big moments, and he looks to me like he is willing and able to provide it. CH will be the heart of the team, but we need to see where he is physically before we say with certainty what he will be on the court. What I would say about him, RJ, and JM, with not the slightest bit of insult intended, is that they are (or at least have been for all their years thus far), role players. They do certain things well, play within themselves, and provide all the sinew that connects the team both on and off the court. I will be surprised if any of them ends up as our "go to" guy on a regular basis, but all will have a big part in our success regardless.
Devonte sure made some beautiful passes last night. And looked very comfortable with the ball on the move.
I like the "center of gravity" analogy, some guys play better in that role, some seem more comfortable as best supporting actors, all equally important. Great to see these guys playing again!
I think it comes down to whether Archie goes with three guards or not. He says he sees situations where that | 1,635 |
Energy is one of the greatest costs to greenhouses, especially in the winter. Here are three key areas to check out to see what is or isn't working.
Older style boilers lose more heat compared to higher efficiency models Warmer areas are shown in orange, red and yellow hues.
Three main areas to look at for improved efficiencies in the greenhouse are energy curtains, boilers and greenhouse coverings.
Energy curtains can have benefits all year round, but are best known for their insulating properties in the winter. Several different styles and materials exist, with varying levels of insulation and light transmission. Materials with greater insulating power have higher R-values and can help to lower heating costs. The right curtain (or curtains) for your operation will<|fim_middle|> to see efficiencies. Scheduling the opening of curtains or cycling of boilers only works if your climate control system is correct; so be sure to check how they operate and adjust as necessary! Knowing the energy savings you expect to see from a more efficient boiler or upgraded greenhouse covering is important to determine if the payback period on an investment is right for your business.
Interested in how the images for this article were obtained? We used a heat-sensitive camera. Warmer areas can be seen in shades of red, orange and yellow, whereas areas that are cooler are in purple and blue. A relatively inexpensive attachment for your smartphone ($500) and the free FLIR One app are all you need to check out your greenhouse in this way too! Thanks again to the greenhouses that allowed us to take these images. | depend on what crops you grow and the level of control you would like over the climate in your greenhouse. In addition to overhead curtains, sidewalls and end curtains help to maintain a more consistent greenhouse environment around the perimeter and should be maintained.
Multiple layers of curtains can increase the control you have over temperature and light levels in the greenhouse. Double layer curtains that open over the course of several stages in a staggered pattern provide better control over the speed with which cold air from above the curtain is allowed to mix with the warmer air below. Curtains that have light diffusion properties to help improve light quality in the greenhouse can be installed under curtains that control light emission or allow for blackout if needed, allowing for better control of light in and out of the greenhouse.
Regularly check for tears and holes in your curtains and ensure they are opening and closing easily. Be prepared to replace curtains as they age. Regular visual inspections and checks of your climate control systems settings will help let you know if the curtain is opening at the correct speed, and how the cold air above the curtain is mixing with the warmer air below.
Boilers are a necessary part of heating a greenhouse, but they aren't all created equal. Traditional firebox boilers have expected efficiencies of around 80 per cent, while high efficiency condensing boilers can have upwards of 95 per cent efficiency. A properly sized condensing boiler can also have the ability to fire at a lower output level, therefore causing fewer spikes and dips in the heating load while increasing efficiencies. High efficiency condensing boilers have a much larger upfront cost, but the increased efficiency will result in greater long-term energy savings.
Consider targeting the majority of the heat to where the crop is located. Perimeter heating and ensuring snow melt from roofs are necessary parts of growing through Ontario winters. However, heated floors and under-bench pipes can help keep heat near the crop, making sure that the growing environment is best at crop level. Fans that circulate air throughout ranges can also help to create a more even growing environment.
Maintenance and servicing of any boiler should be done on a regular basis. Upgrades to existing heating systems such as heat exchangers, variable speed boiler pumps, heat storage tanks and even simply insulating pipes can all help in gaining efficiencies.
Take a look across the greenhouse floriculture industry and you'll see a wide variety of greenhouse covering materials. Glass, polyethylene film and various types of polycarbonate are all used for various purposes and crops. Some growers like the control that glass gives them, others prefer the energy savings of double-walled polycarbonate.
When choosing a new covering, a balance between good light transmission and heat insulation is needed. This balance may differ depending on which crops you grow and when in the year. For example, some glass and poly materials can be made in a way to improve light diffusion, which may provide additional benefits. Certain acrylic materials are able to allow UV into the greenhouse, creating an environment that's protected but has lighting that is more similar to an outdoor field. As with energy curtains, covering materials with greater insulating power have higher R-values and can help lower heating costs.
It's also good practice to ensure that coverings are well-fitted around pipes, vents and gutters to avoid gaps where heat can easily escape the greenhouse. Try to replace ripped loading dock curtains and weather stripping around doors promptly. Keeping an eye on these seals may also help increase your biosecurity.
Overall, it's important to remember that proper upkeep and maintenance (including scheduled replacement) is necessary | 713 |
Episodes: Masonry
077: Michael MacFerrin, Ph.D. – Glaciologist
July 19, 2018 JD Goodwin Podcast 01:15:23 0 Comments
http://traffic.libsyn.com/bluestreakscience/bss077.mp3
On This Week's Show
Conversation with Michael MacFerrin, Research Glaciologist
The Climate Lounge
Science News with Nevena Hristozova and Chris MacAlister
An Origin of Cosmic Rays Discovered
In a galaxy far far away…
For real though – it's really far – 4 billion light-years away. My calculations show that with the current tech for space flight we have, we could get there in 76.32 trillion years so it is freaking far!
But anyway, the point is that this galaxy is a blazar – a type of an active galactic nucleus with a relativistic jet directed very nearly or directly towards Earth. These jets are essentially ionized matter traveling at nearly the speed of light. Relativistic beaming of electromagnetic radiation from the jet makes blazars appear much brighter than they would be if the jet were pointed in a direction away from the Earth. So far we knew that blazars are powerful sources of emission across the electromagnetic spectrum and are sources of high-energy gamma ray photons.
Now though we know something new – because that's the whole point of science! It appears, according to the latest data coming from the so called The IceCube Collaboration, that this blazar galaxy is a source of high-energy neutrinos – one of the most elusive particles in the universe! Their article was published in Science under the title Multimessenger observations of a flaring blazar coincident with high-energy neutrino IceCube-170922A.
The astrophysicist Francis Halzen of the University of Wisconsin–Madison, a leader of IceCube, himself said that so far no one was able to pinpoint the source of this type of neutrinos.
By basically tracing the trajectory of the heavy neutrinos detected in the IceCube, the scientists could determine its place of origin somewhere close-by Orion. In intergalactic distances, this is probably like searching for a sand grain in all the oceans on our planet. But employing a bunch a telescopes including the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, they've found the blazar TXS 0506+056 (I'm so naming my firstborn like this!). And the best part is that we were able to trace this neutrino back to home because it is essentially so elusive! Neutrinos (as their name shows) have no charge so they travel through the universe without much effect from other matter in it. Exactly this reluctance to interact with other matter is the reason why generally neutrinos are so hard to detect and study… It's a beautiful catch 22 in this case!
Science News, BBC News
Cancer Fighting Cancer Cells
They say that you can't fight fire with fire, but this isn't true if you're smart about how you use your fire. Controlled burning is best measure available for controlling wildfires. So could the same be said for cancer? Can you have a little bit of controlled cancer to protect you from the main article? Maybe so, if you're clever enough. It appears that Clemens Reinshagen and a team at Harvard are clever enough as they appear to have pulled this off, in mice.
They have done this by turning cancer cells into double agents. Cancer cells loose in the bloodstream can detect and home in on other tumours and this is the key skill that the team use.
Once our double agent cancer cells have infiltrated the tumour, they commence the next stage of their operation. They release a protein that triggers cell death in the cancer cells; that is, all the cells except our double agents. CRISPR based technology has been used to alter these cancer cells to provide them with protection, so that they can continue their job.
But even once the job is done, you're still left with a patient full of cancer cells, which is clearly less than ideal. So for the final part of the process, a drug is used to prompt the altered cancer cells to do the honourable thing and kill themselves off.
So there we have it; double-agent, assassin, samurai cancer cells. You heard it here first people!]
Science Translational Medicine, Science News
Earliest Evidence of Humans Outside of Africa
2 million years ago! This is a long time ago! Much longer than we thought the early hominids have ventured out of Africa. 2.12mln to be precise – precision is important!
At the same time, a giant rodent weighing nearly 700 kg used to live in South America, just to give you a perspective how different the world was back then.
Nonetheless, there were already established members of the genus Homo who decided that Africa is old news and they went travelling, reaching as far as China.
This is known now thanks to some stone tools unearthed at China's Shangchen site. They were dated to roughly quarter million years before what was previously thought to be the oldest evidence of Homo genus on the Eurasian continent. Unfortunately, no hominid fossils have ever been discovered from this period in the site. Until they do find similarly dated hominid fossils in the area, we'll not know for sure if the representative was a Homo erectus or an earlier hominid.]
Nature, Science News
Otzi's Last Meal
I reckon that you guys should all come over to mine for a big Blue Streak Science get together sometime. I'm already having some ideas for what I'm going to cook you. We could start off with some cereal, followed by a nice piece of venison, and I'll serve that with some poisonous fern. How does that sound?
You know what? I'm thinking that maybe cuisine has come along a bit in the last 5,300 years. This is the story that the stomach contents have been analysed of a man who was naturally mummified in about 3,100 BCE, a man known as Otzi the Iceman,.
His diet of cereal, Ibex and deer was probably pretty standard for him. It's unlikely that treated himself to a lavish last supper as it looks like he was killed in a surprise attack.
With that in mind, the really confusing part of these findings is the poisonous ferns. Why would he be eating poisonous plants? The leading theories that the team have is that it may have been medicinal, to help combat internal parasites, or that he may have wrapped his other food in it leaving some toxic spores behind to be consumed. The team don't know if the food that Otzi ate was fresh or not, so maybe wrapping it in something toxic could help prevent spoilage, or to ward off scavengers.
Although, considering the amount of smoking and recreational substance abuse that still goes on today, maybe it was just what all the cool kids did back then. He may not even have known that it was toxic.
Either way, the amount of detail we are getting about Otzi, over 5000 years after he died, is incredible. And as if this isn't amazing enough, the next objective is to use this information to try and recreate what Otzi's gut microbiome may have looked like, providing another way to peer back in time and see what his life have been like.]
Scientific American, Live Science
We're not getting any Younger (Dryas) over here!
Sometimes the news just makes me want to go back to a simpler time. A time without the internet, meddling and farcical meetings. I'm not talking the 20th century either. I'm thinking even farther back. About 13,000 years back when the human population was less than 1 million, and boy did the environment think that was swell, and things were a bit chillier. The planet was just coming out of an ice age. And that meant temperatures were on the upswing along with oceans. It was a wonderful active time…. Geologically. Painfully slow changes humanely.
Then…. All of a sudden (and I don't mean SUDDEN geologically, I mean human sudden like several decades suddenly), the northern hemisphere was plunged back into a colder climate that lasted for a thousand years. A well known abrupt climate change whose cause has been studied and questioned and fought over (scientifically so it's friendly) for years. It's what is known as the Younger Dryas, named for a flower whose official name is latin mc-latinface… or dryas octopetaia. Either one.
Anyways, recent research led by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute or WHOI has a new claim as to what happened. They took sediment cores in the eastern Beaufort sea near where the Mackenzie river empties into the ARctic Ocean which also happens to be near the border of the Yukon and Yellowknife territories. By looking at oxygen isotopes in the shells found in the cores, they determined that a massive glacial flood occurred there near the time of the abrupt Younger Dryas. This truly humongous flood would have dumped tons of fresh water into the Arctic that the researchers say would have made its way into the Atlantic Ocean.
Where did the water come from? Melting glaciers. Specifically the Laurentide Ice sheet. As it melted it formed massive lakes including Lake Agassiz, a ginormous lake in the middle of modern day canada.. But as the ice sheet melted, what kept those lakes in place suddenly disappeared, allowing them to empty. Now for awhile, the water flowed south through the Mississippi. But eventually, it shifted to flow north. Some researchers have thought it emptied through the St Lawrence seaway into the Atlantic. What makes this research novel is that the meltwater instead flowed north into the Arctic. Now, not all scientists agree…they never do… but regardless of where the meltwater entered the Northern atlantic/Arctic, it's what it does afterwards that's interesting.
Why does that matter? Well it makes more sense as to the mechanism that actually caused the cold change. All of that freshwater slowed or stopped the giant Atlantic ocean conveyor belt known as the "Atlantic meridional overturning circulation" (or AMOC) which brings warm water to Europe. Normally, that conveyor belt of water becomes saltier as it moves north, becoming denser and sinking. The injection of freshwater in the Arctic/North Atlantic disrupts this by freshening the water and not letting it sink. This slows down the conveyor belt which means less warm water to Europe and a plunge into coldness.
Why do we care now? Well there is a HUGE amount of freshwater locked into Greenland. As it melts, it is also depositing fresh water into the North Atlantic, albeit much slower than the sudden Younger Dryas event. However, there is research that says the AMOC is slower than it used to be. While scientists don't think a shutdown is imminent, past events like the Younger Dryas abrupt cooling can give interesting insight into just how our climate system works, especially if we stress it in certain ways. The climate is super duper complex and what may seem like a small regional climate change somewhere can easily snowball (pun intended for this story) into something much bigger, like hemispherically bigger. Let's also keep that thought in mind whenever we talk about geoengineering.
WHOI WaPo
Interview with Michael MacFerrin, Glaciologist
This past winter I had the privilege to chat with Michael MacFerrin, glaciologist, and Ph.D. candidate at the University of Colorado Boulder. We talked about his work and discoveries on the Greenland's immense ice sheet. Science is hard work, folks! But the rewards and experiences last a lifetime and beyond. Join us as Mike shares his incredible experiences from this frozen wilderness.
Check out Michael's blog "Under The Surface of the Greenland Ice Sheet" as he and the rest of the international FirnCover team embark on a five-week snowmobile and airplane traverse across the Greenland ice sheet. Follow the FirnCover team as they camp in subzero temperatures and hurricane force winds in order to measure changes in Greenland's high-elevation snow and firn, while crossing one of the most beautiful, remote and unforgiving landscapes on Earth.
Under the Surface of the Greenland Ice Sheet
All in favor of doing the Pub Quiz say "aye"! The ayes have it!
Joining us today are the incredibly intelligent Nevena Hristozova, the immensely imaginative Chris MacAlister, and the intermittently inclement Tom Di Liberto.
Here's how it works. I ask a science question and our team of incomprehensible intellectuals initiate their ingenious answers.
It's all fun and games until someone loses an eye.
What animal possesses the most massive eyes?
Swiss physician Adolf Fick is credited with fitting the first what in 1888?
What is the world's most common eye color?
This eye color is in what part of the eye?
When you go to an ophthalmologist for an eye exam, you are often asked to look at a chart that has rows of letters in decreasing sizes, with a very large "E" at the top, followed by other letters. What is the name of this chart?
Which eye disorder causes an opacity, or clouding in the lens?
Your doctor says you have an orbital ecchymosis. What would just about everyone else call it?
What would a pirate wear to improve his/her eyesight?
Our eyes can detect about 500 shades of what?
People of this eye color have a common ancestor who lived<|fim_middle|>urance
110 Summer and Science!
109 Rocks, Fungi, Fish, Satellites, The Climate Lounge, and Pub Quiz
108 New Form Of Water Discovered, Iterative Evolution, and Sea Otters
Chris Ryu on 075: Chris Ryu – Dorset Science & Technology Centre
Blue Streak Science Podcast
We strive to inform, entertain and engage the global community who seek understanding of the universe through the lenses of science and reason.
Follow the science.
112 We Go to the Dogs July 11, 2019
111 Limits of Human Endurance July 6, 2019
110 Summer and Science! June 6, 2019
109 Rocks, Fungi, Fish, Satellites, The Climate Lounge, and Pub Quiz May 30, 2019
© Copyright 2018 | Blue Streak Science | Terms of Service | Privacy Policy | about 10,000 years ago. No, what color eyes?
Nevena: A bit of shameless self-promotion – I was invited on the 3rd of July to a panel discussion as part of the plenary session of the summer school Let's talk science. It's a collaboration between the Flemish universities and includes half day plenary talks on scicomm topics and 2 or 3 days of workshops on various scicomm skills. I was one of the six reps of universities representing my university as sort of a scicomm role model (yeah baby). So we had a discussion on what's scicomm for us all, what it gives us and why we do it, what's our fav media for scicomm and apparently I stirred the audience by saying that I myself am my fav media because I just love the most to sit and talk with people about science. It was extremely cool and it felt a great honor to have been part of this.
SGS Food Webinars
Chris: I've been to family wedding in Cornwall, which is limited in its level of scientific interest if I'm completely honest. But whilst I was there I was talking to by wife's cousin who is a tattoo artist. This conversation included tattoos, how training tattoo artists need to practice on themselves and the inevitable spectre of unwanted or regretted tattoos. This compelled me to go into science communication mode and share the findings of a surprisingly recent study on why tattoos last for as long as they do, considering how quickly our skin gets replaced. The key is our immune system. The tattoo ink gets locked inside white blood cells that try, in vain, to destroy the ink. This actually ends up preserving them inside and as each immune cell dies, a new one takes its place to continue the preservation. The useful thing about knowing this is that immunosuppression can be used to aid the tattoo removal process.
Tom: I've been taking a 2.5 year old to gymnastics classes where they attempt to get a bunch of toddlers to play group games together. My toddler disagrees and immediately makes a run for the balance beam. In good news, he has great balance and is seemingly indestructable. In bad news, for the other kids, he tends to bounce off everything even other children. Those kids arent so lucky.
Nevena: On the 19th of July, Thursday I'll be attending an online seminar by SGS. It's a Food safety webinar entitled 'How to Improve Food Authenticity, Traceability and Safety using Next Generation Sequencing'. If it's not too late for our listeners with interest in knowing how can authorities can use latest technologies to ensure that what we eat is what the label says. It's at 10am Central European time @sgseventsenter webpage.
In the Blogosphere
Nevena: If I may – an episode of my other podcast, the one I actually produce is just out – it's only our 4th and it's with guests from an account on Twitter called Latino labs promoting diversity in academia. You can listen to it on my blog incubatorium.eu of the right hand side directly or anywhere you catch your podcasts if you search for the Scicomm JC podcast.
Chris: In addition to recent posts about whether dogs can smell fear and how to recreate radiation using a skipping rope. This week, on Matilda's Lab I've finally dealt with a subject that I've been meaning to for a long time: Uncertainty. One of the big misunderstandings of people who question modern science is that we don't prove things; only Mathematicians can do this, instead; all we can do is to minimise our uncertainty about things and accept that what we know can change depending on where the evidence takes us. Ultimately, we are in a non-ending war against ignorance. Ignorance is our default state, so if you (like so many people) are fearful or ashamed about your ignorance, don't be, we all have it. Instead, get out there and do something about it!.
Thanks to Michael MacFerrin for sharing his amazing work in the frozen (but thawing) north.
And that concludes this episode of the Blue Streak Science Podcast.
If you have any suggestions or comments email us at podcast@bluestreakscience.com
You can subscribe to our show on Apple Podcasts, Spotify and any of the usual podcast directories such as Overcast. And if you have an iOS device like an iPhone or an iPad you can get the new Blue Streak Science app from the App Store.
And please check out our website is at bluestreakscience.com
This show is produced by the Blue Streak Science team, and edited by Pro Podcast Solutions.
And our hosts today were Nevena Hristozova, Chris MacAlister, Tom Di Liberto, and JD Goodwin.
Thank you for joining us. And remember…follow the science!
112 We Go to the Dogs
111 Limits of Human End | 1,025 |
Bulls have first scrimmage of spring
March 31, 2008 12:00 am by Joe Rienzi
More than 250 spectators – most of whom were family members of players or potential recruits – were on hand Saturday to watch the South Florida football team participate in its first scrimmage of the spring.
The Bulls' first three units split time for about 90 plays. The defensive units looked strong, but their success pointed out several flaws in the USF offense.
"The defense was good," coach Jim Leavitt said. "That's not good for the offense."
The Bulls' defense forced a total of five turnovers, and the first-team defense blocked two Delbert Alvarado field goals.
Both junior cornerback Jerome Murphy and senior safety Carlton Williams intercepted quarterback Matt Grothe, and sophomores Sabbath Joseph (linebacker) and Dylan Douglas (cornerback) intercepted<|fim_middle|>zie) in the middle and Brouce back outside," Burnham said. "I'm just trying to find the best combination for us out there."
Saturday's scrimmage had only one player leave with a serious injury. Junior tight end Ben Busbee suffered a broken bone in his right hand.
Senior defensive end Jarriett Buie was not at the scrimmage. Leavitt said that Buie's absence was a coach's decision.
Another area that posed a concern for the Bulls was the kicking game. Alvarado was 2-for-4 on extra points and 1-for-4 on field goal attempts – two of which were blocked.
Senior Justin Teachey was 3-for-3 on his attempts.
"The thing I was most disappointed in was our field goal and extra point team," Leavitt said. "I didn't think Delbert Alvarado was kicking very good today, and he's better than that. I know that. I was happy with our snaps, our holds. We just didn't kick good. Teachey came in and didn't miss, so Justin Teachey did a good job."
The Bulls will look to correct their offensive woes when they return to practice Tuesday. | third-string quarterback Alton Voss.
Running back Mike Ford fumbled deep in the defense's territory, and senior linebacker Brouce Mompremier recovered the ball and lateraled to a teammate who returned it for a touchdown.
"That's one thing we're always stressing is turnovers," defensive coordinator Wally Burnham said. "The only real negative I saw today was that we gave up too many long passes."
One such pass came on a 53-yard touchdown pass from Grant Gregory to sophomore Dontavia Bogan. On the day, Gregory was 12-of-14 for 143 yards and two touchdowns. Grothe was 10-of-15 for 137 yards with two touchdowns and two interceptions. Voss was 1-of-3 for 22 yards and two interceptions.
"I didn't think we made real good decisions at quarterback. Those turnovers didn't have to happen," Leavitt said. "I'd have to say that Grant played better than Matt today. I don't think there's any question."
The defense answered one big question – at least temporarily. Mompremier was the team's starting middle linebacker, filling the void left by Ben Moffitt.
"I know how to play both middle and (outside) linebacker, so I don't have a preference as long as I'm out there helping the team," Mompremier said. "I know that I've got a big, big mountain to climb just to get to his level, but I'll have a lot of help around me."
Mompremier still remains in competition for the spot with senior Tyrone McKenzie and junior Kion Wilson – who did not participate on Saturday because of an ankle injury.
"Next week I'm going to put (McKen | 363 |
Discovering the ideal legal representative to handle your Florida military divorce is an essential initial step to getting your case began on the right foot. The most essential thing you have to know is that not all attorneys are the exact same. The quality of service offered to you can vary significantly from one attorney to another. That's why it's so important that you make this decision with great care.
To make sure you pick the right legal representative to handle your Florida military divorce, you ought to ask the following concerns.
For how long have you been practicing law? Who would you rather have at your side – a lawyer who has been practicing law for years or one who has just managed a few cases? Experience is an important quality to search for in a divorce attorney. You can benefit greatly from having an attorney on your side who has managed lots of cases and won't be tripped up by any unforeseen surprises. So, try to find an attorney who has actually been certified for many years.
Have you handled military divorce cases in the past? Florida military divorce cases are a little different than regular divorce cases. There are some subtle nuances to these cases and various laws that have to be thought about when managing them. That's why it's so important to make sure you choose a legal representative who has actually dealt with military divorce cases with success. You don't wish to be the guinea pig for an attorney with no experience in military divorce.
What sort of approach do you take with divorce cases? You've heard the saying, "There's more than one method to skin a cat<|fim_middle|> take on your military divorce will be easy. | ." The exact same uses to dealing with divorce cases. There are various ways to approach a case. Some legal representatives prefer to be actually aggressive and fight tenaciously in court. Others try to find the most effective and least dramatic route to achieving successful divorce. Discover a divorce attorney whose approach best aligns with the demands of your case.
How will you communicate with me throughout the case? Interaction in between lawyer and customer is definitely vital. Sadly, some customers get disappointed since they have a challenging time connecting with their lawyer whenever they need them. Make sure you pick a divorce attorney who you can depend on to keep you upgraded at all times concerning the status of your case.
What does it cost? is this going to cost me? While cost shouldn't be the only thing you consider when employing a divorce legal representative, you do have to ensure you can actually manage legal counsel. After all, some attorneys charge high per hour fees and need huge retainers. Naturally, you can also find certified legal representation at a price you can manage. Look for a divorce lawyer that uses flat fee, discrete task representation as it's the most inexpensive, efficient approach to Florida military divorce.
If you carefully follow these 5 tips, discovering a well qualified legal representative to | 251 |
Deep Dish first rose to prominence following the 1998 release of their groundbreaking debut album, Junk Science. Since then, the two have spent their time trotting around the globe at the request of the world's top clubs and creating celebrated remixes for some of the world's top artists, such as Madonna, Dido, The Rolling Stones, and Brother Brown. It was there take on Dido's "Thank You" that landed the two their first Grammy win in 2002.
Its been 14 years since the duo first met in DC, and its been seven years since they released their critically acclaimed debut artist album Junk Science. Over the years, the prolific duo have released a number of genre-defining mixed CDs and have become two of the most in demand remixers in the business. In fact, their remixing prowess earned them a Grammy nomination in 2001 in the Remixer Of The Year category and in 2002 they were nominated and won the Grammy in the Best Remixed Recording giving their treatment to Didos single "Thank You". Through it all, Dubfire and Sharam maintain a very active world wide tour schedule.
Ali "Dubfire" Shirazinia--one half of the Grammy Award winning and four-time nominated electronic music duo Deep Dish--has joined forces with Global Underground for the April 10 release of his first solo mix album Dubfire GU31 - Taipei. The 2-CD mix set is a sweeping change from anything you would have previously expected to hear from the Deep Dish member and it features the finest in house, electro, techno, and even industrial music.
Growing up in the Washington, DC area, Dubfire spent much of his youth playing the guitar in school bands and listening to heavy doses of classic Hip-Hop, jazz/rare groove, dub reggae, new wave and industrial. Dubfire was also influenced by the local punk scene and the music of hometown bands like Fugazi and Minor Threat. Members of these bands also worked at a local record store called Yesterday And Today Records, and this is where Dubfire first picked up on the sounds of acts such as Kraftwerk, Ministry, Jesus & Mary Chain, Depeche Mode, Nitzer Ebb, Adrian Sherwood/On-U Sound and Einsturzende Neubauten. Through this heavy industrial influence, namely the sound of Chicago's famed Wax Trax! label, Dubfire discovered the Chicago house scene and what labels like Trax and D.J. International Records were releasing.
Dubfire's eclectic new mix is the product of his diverse past and addictive music personality, and this mix is more about Dubfire personally and as a DJ. Dubfire's mix was compiled with tracks that he's both really into at the moment and that have also had a profound influence on shaping his love for music. Dubfire GU31 - Taipei is laced full of gems from a diverse lot including Depeche Mode, Carl Craig, Booka Shade, Extrawelt, Samuel L Session and Nitzer Ebb. However, the biggest surprise of all comes with Dubfire's original production "I Feel Speed"; a cover of an obscure Love & Rockets song that, for the first time, features his own vocals!
Dubfire GU31 - Taipei is released April 10 on Global Underground. Keep an eye out for April/May tour dates and several major events at the Winter Music Conference in March.
Sharam Tayebi mans the turntables as one half of the<|fim_middle|> (and made it an Essential New tune), with Jo Whiley, Sara Cox, Judge Jules (Tried & Tested) and Dance Anthems also on board plus Judge Jules having spun it twice on one show alone. Heavy support also comes from Kiss (Playlist), Capital, and XFM amongst others.
A tribute to the Eddie Murphy song 'Party All The Time', produced by Rick James and a ..1 US hit back in 1985, Sharam, being a huge fan of the legendary comedian, originally put the track together for just himself to play. But after giving out a few copies to friends and DJs who'd witnessed the dancefloor response, the track swiftly took on a life of its own and a worldwide bidding war ensued ' it's since shown all the hallmarks of a crossover hit. 'PATT' itself is a peak time synth-driven track demonstrating once again that Sharam, like all great artists, refuses to be constrained by hype and genres.
Aside from his DJ/production duties, Sharam stays busy as co-owner, along with Ali, of Deep Dish Records, Yoshitoshi Recordings, and Shinichi Recordings. Collectively, the three labels are known for carrying some of the very best dance music in the world.
Nominee: Grammy Award 2005 "Best Dance Recording" for Deep Dish's "Say Hello"
Winner: Grammy Award 2002 "Best Remixed Recording" for Dido's "Thank You"
Winner: International Dance Music Awards 2005 for Best Underground Dance Track for "Flashdance"
Winner: Muzik Magazine SAS Award 1998 "Best International DJ" | Grammy award winning DJ/production duo Deep Dish. Characterized by a harder style than his partner Ali "Dubfire" Shirazinia, Sharam performs as Deep Dish featuring Sharam, when he takes to the road to deliver his signature half of the distinct Deep Dish sound.
In 2006 Sharam released GU29 - Dubai. The compilation was called "a double header CD that kicks the dust outta the dance with its skywards soars, desert storming dirtiness and seductive sensuality.." by DJMAG and it was also said that "Dubai" makes you wish you were in the club enjoying it live. But even at home it's an intoxicating experience, building from the Jazzy dub of DYAD 10's "Sugar Sweet Thing", to the relentless house of "Manitou" near the end of the second disc"
In 2006 Sharam also released P.A.T.T.(Party All The Time). The most talked about and sought after record of 2006 Winter Music Conference in Miami that went on to become one of the stand out records of 2006's Ibiza session, Sharam's 'PATT' (Party All The Time)' made an apt arrival during the height of the Xmas season on Data, which is finished 2006 on a high with another club smash after its recent hits including Supermode's 'Tell Me Why' and Fedde Le Grand's 'Put Your Hands Up For Detroit'.
'PATT' was a huge anthem for 2006's Ibiza season and has been 'front of box' for the world's DJ elite for several months. Now signed to Data from Deep Dish's Yoshitoshi label, it's being tipped as one of the biggest club records of 2006. To date, Pete Tong has played it a staggering 8 times on Radio 1 | 395 |
The Promenade from above
Bowker Fountain at night
Bowker Fountain
A punt passing the Terraces
Worcester East terrace
Ngā Whāriki Manaaki (stone weaving patterns)
The "Tower of Terror"
New seating at The Terraces
Return to all projects
Project updated: 04/09/2017
Project Stage: Construction
Te Papa Ōtākaro / Avon River Precinct
A new city waterfront is being created along the Ōtākaro/Avon River in the central city to make it easier to access river front businesses and green spaces.
A key feature is the new City Promenade (opened November 2018) extending two kilometres through the heart of the precinct<|fim_middle|> with an assessment of about 750 trees in conjunction with Christchurch City Council, to determine their health and likely lifespan. The existing canopy of trees along the Avon River will be retained, with new exotic and native trees and shrubs introduced to add to its distinctive character. The planting and management of indigenous and exotic plants has been combined in the uniquely Christchurch Garden City style – enhancing its natural character by weaving Māori and Pākehā values together into the landscape.
The Watermark project set out to enhance the river environment between Antigua Boatsheds and Montreal Street and improve access to this section of the river.
It was the first project of the Ōtākaro/Avon River Precinct to be completed and provided an indication of how other river precinct elements would look. Watermark began to deliver on the community's aspirations for a 'green city' and aligned with the broad design principles of the Ōtākaro/Avon River Precinct:
promoting a healthy river
a fully accessible environment
an integrated cultural narrative
good economic potential.
The construction of Watermark on the northern bank involved a slight narrowing of the river, with landscaping and re-contouring to shape the new space. There is now improved seating, new boardwalks and street furniture, and better lighting.
Bridge of Remembrance
Strengthening work on the Triumphal Arch and the Bridge of Remembrance foundation structure was completed at the end of September 2015. New paving was then installed on the bridge, along with a ramp to improve accessibility, and lighting to highlight the Triumphal Arch. Two Ngā Whāriki Manaaki stone weaving patterns were also installed.
City Promenade
Once primarily for vehicles, Oxford Terrace, on the east side of the river has become a broad, paved area. Whether people are walking, biking, driving, taking the tram or enjoying café-style seating, this space is shared by all. Speed is restricted to 10kmh along the City Promenade with pedestrians and cyclists taking priority.
The promenade extends two kilometres from Christchurch Hospital to the Margaret Mahy Family Playground.
Together with the City Promenade, The Terraces are transforming the waterfront into an area for leisure and entertainment. The flights of broad steps leading down to the river make the most of the waterside location. People can get close to the water, go for a walk, or enjoy a meal or a drink in the outdoors.
The aim is to make a place for gathering and hospitality – a sunny, sheltered area during the day and an appealing area for entertainment at night. The first section of the Terraces and the City Promenade, between Cashel Street and Hereford Street, was completed in June 2016.
There will be literary, sculptural and environmental art pieces, in a range of forms: integrated landscape elements, relocated pieces and artwork infrastructure. This includes bespoke landscape works – designs that have a functional purpose but are led by an artist.
Many of the surfaces and structures in Victoria Square were damaged during the Canterbury earthquakes and were already close to the end of their life. This project restored the square and made it more accessible. The restoration design created new links with nearby features like the Promenade and included new elements that better reflect shared Māori and European heritage and the Treaty relationship. The historic Bowker Fountain, which hasn't worked properly for many years, has been fully restored, and a new punt stop has been added opposite the Town Hall. You can read more about the restoration in the Fact Sheet.
North Frame
The North Frame will be a mix of residential and public space spanning both sides of the river between Colombo and Madras Streets. The Promenade on the Oxford Terrace side of the river will continue through to Manchester Street, while a cycle path will complement grassed areas on the northern bank.
landscaping on the PGC site in consultation with bereaved families
residential development on the eastern side of Manchester Street (as part of the East Frame residential precinct)
a Community Garden and orchard reflecting the principle of healthy mahinga kai The Community Garden is the first project to get underway. The land has been made available to the Food Resilience Network for a community garden and food hub that will be known as Ōtākaro Orchard
a North Frame pedestrian bridge
Margaret Mahy Family Playground
The Margaret Mahy Family Playground is Christchurch's popular new central city play area. With separate activity zones for different ages, it's one of the largest playgrounds in the Southern Hemisphere.
Opened in December 2015, the playground was designed with accessibility in mind. The objective was that children could interact side by side, rather than singling out an area or specific equipment for children with disabilites. All the slopes and surfacing have been designed to meet accessibility standards – a 1:12 maximum gradient – for children or adults in wheelchairs.
Ownership of the playground has been transferred to Christchurch City Council.
Avon Loop
The Avon Loop area, between Kilmore Street and Fitzgerald Avenue, will be the final section of the Ōtākaro/Avon River Precinct. Access to the river will be improved and the riverside environment will be enhanced.
The effects of the earthquake remain evident in the Avon Loop area, with slumped banks and changes in the river's profile. Our work will embrace these changes, with a corridor of indigenous plants that will create a natural habitat based on the pre-settlement landscape. Historic and cultural sites along the Avon Loop area will also be enhanced by the work.
Avon Loop redevelopment underway
Work to upgrade the Avon Loop, the section of Oxford Terrace between Kilmore Street and Fitzgerald Avenue, is now underway.
Avon Loop work to get underway later this year
Work on the final section of Te Papa Ōtākaro/Avon River Precinct is expected to get underway later this year with Ōtākaro Limited completing the design for the 'Avon Loop'.
North Frame pedestrian bridge concept design completed
Construction of a pedestrian bridge in the North Frame will get underway around November, connecting the City Promenade to Cambridge Terrace.
Avon Loop fact sheet - August 2019
5.1 MB Uploaded 16/10/2019 3:03pm
Avon Loop overview map - August 2019
Avon River Precinct fact sheet - Autumn 2017
Victoria Square Restoration Fact Sheet - January 2017
9.7 MB Uploaded 18/01/2017 10:34am
Avon River Precinct Teaching Resource
4 KB Uploaded | on the eastern side of the river, replacing Oxford Terrace. The western side of the river has become a green space with walking and cycling paths.
2013: The first improvements to the riverside landscape were completed with the Watermark project, near the Antigua Boatsheds
2014: The restoration of the habitat of the Ōtākaro/Avon River waterway
2015: Margaret Mahy Family Playground was completed
2016: The Bridge of Remembrance restoration was completed
2016: The Terraces between Cashel Mall and Hereford Street opened in June 2016
2016: The second phase of the Terraces, either side of Worcester Street, including a new punt stop were completed in December 2016
2016: The PGC building site landscaping was completed in December 2016
2018: The Victoria Square restoration was completed in March 2018
2018: The City Promenade, a broad paved area on the eastern side of the river between Christchurch Hospital and Margaret Mahy Family Playground opened in November 2018
2018: The North Frame was completed.
2019: The Avon Loop repairs started in October.
2020: The North Frame Pedestrian Bridge will be constructed in 2020.
The 'Share an Idea' public consultation process highlighted the importance of the Ōtākaro/Avon River to the people of Christchurch. The Central Christchurch Recovery Plan identified the Ōtākaro/Avon River Precinct as a significant Anchor Project that will improve people's connections with the river.
Who else is involved?
Christchurch City Council and Matapopore Charitable Trust have been key partners in the project.
40 stakeholder groups were consulted during the development of the design.
The Ōtākaro/Avon River Precinct development is largely being funded by the Crown.
Ngāi Tahu Grand Narrative
This Grand Narrative (18M file) documents the Ngāi Tahu values, customs and traditions relevant to the Ōtākaro/Avon River Precinct area.
Healthy River and Landscape
Fish are thriving, the water is flowing faster and the riverbed is cleaner in the Ōtākaro/Avon River following this extensive cleaning and rehabilitation work. The clean-up, which included the removal of 10,000 tonnes of silt, has re-established habitats for animals living in and on the river in the central city. Deepening the riverbed in some areas has also allowed Christchurch's iconic punts to extend their river route.
Restoring the landscape
Intensive landscape enhancement is being undertaken along the Ōtākaro/Avon River. This began | 597 |
The only museum focused on espionage in the entire United States of America is just 1.5 miles from The Concordia's convenient central DC location. Check out all the cool interactive exhibits and films along with the multimedia gallery to learn all about the history of international spies. Discover the largest display artifacts anywhere, everything from sabotage weapons to cipher machines. And make sure to visit the Museum Store where you can snag a great souvenir.
Adults: $21.95; Seniors (65+), Active Duty Military & Law Enforcement: $15.95; Youth (7-11): $14.95; Children (6 & under): Free.
The Museum is open daily (except Thanksgiving and Christmas Day) 10:00 a.m. to 6:00. Hours are extended for spring break, summer, and holidays.
Do I need to know about spies to enjoy myself?
Not at all. The International Spy<|fim_middle|>10 years and older will really appreciate what the International Spy Museum has to offer. To get them ready for their adventure, hands-on activities are listed on the Spy Guide, which you can access online at http://www.spymuseum.org/. | Museum provides a helpful overview when you arrive, including a briefing film which is combined with a tour of the School for Spies. You'll be introduced to the techniques and tools of the espionage trade through displays featuring surveillance and threat analysis.
Is this a good museum for kids?
It most definitely is. All ages of children are welcome but those | 69 |
'Where does the fiction start and end? What part of Jack Vincent is real, what part Stephen Carver's imagination? This is a magnificent tour-de-force, the book of a lifetime that Mr Carver was born to write. The similarities with our own age are uncanny. Human nature doesn't change much. I look forward to the second volume with anticipation.' – John Uttley, author of Where's Sailor Jack?
'Couldn't put it down. This book is an excellent Victorian historical novel.
I have always been interested in Victorian penny dreadfuls<|fim_middle|> in one go, many of them were first enjoyed by readers as serials, with the stories being published in instalments, chapter by chapter. Much excitement surrounded some of them, and it was reported that in 1841 readers in New York stormed the wharf when the ship carrying the final instalment of Dickens' The Old Curiosity Shop arrived.
Now Stephen Carver, 52, from New Costessey, has created his own historical novel inspired by the tradition, and each week he is publishing a new chapter online.
His book is called Shark Alley: The Memoirs of a Penny-a-Liner, and his wife Rachael 'Gracie' Carver, 31, is accompanying his words with hand-drawn illustrations adapted from those in early Victorian serials and publications known as penny dreadfuls.
Dr Carver, an academic who previously taught at the University of East Anglia and now works in independent publishing, has created the fictitious writer Jack Vincent as the hero of his tale which centres around the real-life troopship HMS Birkenhead.
Jack was once part of a rising generation of literary celebrities that included Dickens, Ainsworth and Thackeray before a reversal of fortune saw him scratching a living writing for a penny a line and setting sail on the ill-fated ship which was shipwrecked off the coast of South Africa in 1852.
'This was the Victorian Titanic, and legend has it that the soldiers stood to attention on deck as the ship went down so that civilian passengers could be safely evacuated,' said Dr Carver, who interweaves the story of the ship with a backstory set in Dickensian London.
I used to think I knew Nineteenth century history and literature. And then I read Shark Alley. Spanning the first half of the century, the time setting of this remarkable book allows the author to explore his evident passion for Victorian literature alongside his sympathies for the emergence of the British working class political movement. The narrator, Jack Vincent, leads us seamlessly from his origins in Georgian rural England to early Victorian London and on into the Colonies.
Here in spirit and subject matter I find so many of the greats on whom I cut my own emerging literary awareness. Here is Thomas Hardy in the narrator's early rural years, here is George Eliot's Eppie in the golden curls of Jack Vincent's little sister Sarah, and here woven into plot as well as the subject matter is Thackeray. But here beyond all others is Charles Dickens whom it seems is the writer that the narrator (and dare I suggest perhaps even the author?) would most like to have been himself. Thus we are drawn from the horrors of a medically unattended death in childbirth (the narrator's mother) through the comparable horrors of Marshalsea debtors' prison, on into the terminal horrors of the unattended death in the squalor of the London slums of the author's father (I cannot bring myself to disclose the truly shocking detail Stephen Carver describes). Dr Carver's Victorian England is one in which the grim life of the rural and urban poor is exceeded only by the grim death that follows it. Here, in consequence, I do not find the Brontës, and here I most definitely do not find Jane Austen.
With thanks to everyone for their interest and support! | as well as the history of Chartism (a working-class political movement). To see the biography of a penny a liner married up with glimpses into the history of Chartism is a dream come true (some prominent Chartist sympathisers, after all, were penny novel writers, such as G. W. M. Reynolds).
I don't want to give too much away about the plot as that would be unfair on prospective readers. Instead I just want to comment on Carver's writing style: he captures the best parts of Victorian novel writing without being too tedious. Yes, there are digressions as Victorian novelists used to insert into their writings, but Carver – himself an academic of 19th-century literature – is not tedious with (unlike his Victorian forbears). Moreover, the plot is intricate enough to keep one entertained and wondering what is going to happen next.
A Norfolk writer is putting his own 21st-century twist on the serial novel tradition of Victorian times.
For while today we can read the novels of Charles Dickens and other 19th century writers all | 221 |
The House on Cold Hill – Review – Hull New Theatre
The House on Cold Hill – Review
Hull New Theatre, March 2019
by Karl Hornsey
I've<|fim_middle|> Theatre | immersed myself in the world of Peter James over these last few days, specifically his 2015 novel The House on Cold Hill, ahead of watching the stage adaptation at Hull New Theatre. James is best known for his phenomenally successful series of crime novels involving Detective Superintendent Roy Grace, but The House on Cold Hill is a departure from that genre and a throwback to the good old-fashioned ghost story.
It's fair to say that if you're a fan of the novel, you'll enjoy the stage production, and if you've watched the stage production without having read the novel, there's every chance that you'll then want to. As with all good translations, there are elements of the book that are kept in place, but also much that is changed to make it work within the limitations of the theatre.
There are several strands of the author's life in this story – it's set near Brighton, where James was born, features a storyline about classic cars (one of James's passions) and, of course, is centred on his own interest and experiences of the paranormal.
"Laid empty"
While the novel builds up over a few weeks, the play takes place in just a matter of days, and focuses on the Harcourt family – Ollie, Caro and daughter Jade – who have moved a few miles away from their city life in Brighton to Cold Hill House, a Georgian mansion that has laid empty for more than 40 years. And with good reason as it turns out.
Web designer Ollie, the upbeat, positive and almost childlike enthusiast, is played by Joe McFadden, who tries to keep the family together despite all that's going on around them. Hannah Lindsey proved a more than adequate understudy for Rita Simons as his solicitor wife Caro, while former Hollyoaks star Persephone Swales-Dawson and ex-EastEnder Charlie Clements complete the cast of key characters, as the aforementioned Jade and Ollie's technical 'geek' Chris.
"Builds the tension"
There was a time when ghost stories seemed to have disappeared from the scene, perhaps until The Blair Witch Project put a different take on them and brought them into the modern world, but in my opinion, little can beat a good ghost yarn. The House on Cold Hill is very much in the mould of a traditional creepy tale, but given a distinctly modern twist by the author and stage adaptor Shaun McKenna. The ingenious use of an Alexa typifies this and moves the story forwards, along with the role played by Jade's friend Phoebe on her smartphone and some curious goings-on with Ollie's website customers.
There's always a difficulty in reviewing such a story given the overarching need to not give the ending away, and the novel builds the tension well to make it a proper page-turner. And as for the stage play? Well I'll have to let you find that out for yourselves… just don't have nightmares…
TagsHull New Theatre
The Full Monty – Review – Leeds ...
In Extremis: the Life of War Correspondent ...
The King and I – Review – Hull New Theatre
Agatha Christie's The Mousetrap – Review – Hull New Theatre
Beautiful: The Carole King Musical – Review – Hull New | 669 |
Ано́с () — коммуна во Франции, находится в регионе Аквитания. Департамент — Атлантические Пиренеи. Входит в состав кантона Пе-де-Морлаас и дю Монтанерес. Округ коммуны — По.
Муниципалитет расположен на расстоянии около 640 км к югу от Парижа, 165 км к югу от Бордо, 13 км северо-восточнее По.
Код INSEE коммуны — 64027.
География
На востоке коммуны протекает река Люи-де-Франс, а на западе — река Ло () и расположено озеро Анос, образованное плотиной.
Климат
Климат тёплый океанический. Зима мягкая, средняя температура января — от +5°С до +13°С, температуры ниже −10 °C бывают редко. Снег выпадает около 15 дней в году с ноября по апрель. Максимальная температура летом порядка 20-30 °C, выше 35 °C бывает очень редко. Количество осадков высокое, порядка 1100 мм в год. Характерна безветренная<|fim_middle|> 191 человек.
Администрация
Экономика
В 2010 году среди 122 человек трудоспособного возраста (15-64 лет) 100 были экономически активными, 22 — неактивными (показатель активности — 82,0 %, в 1999 году было 79,2 %). Из 100 активных жителей работали 94 человека (47 мужчин и 47 женщин), безработных было 6 (3 мужчин и 3 женщины). Среди 22 неактивных 7 человек были учениками или студентами, 9 — пенсионерами, 6 были неактивными по другим причинам.
Достопримечательности
Церковь Св. Лаврентия (XI век)
Фотогалерея
Примечания
Ссылки
Коммуны департамента Атлантические Пиренеи | погода, сильные ветры очень редки.
Население
Население коммуны на 2010 год составляло | 37 |
I believe in one eternal God displayed in three persons, Father, Son, and Holy Spirit.
I believe the Bible is the inspired word of God. It is true, authoritative, and is relevant to our everyday lives.
I believe that sin has separated each of us from God and His purpose for us.
I believe that Jesus is fully God and fully man. He is the only way to reconciliation with God. He lived a sinless life, died on the cross in our place, rose again to life, and ascended to heaven.
I believe that salvation is<|fim_middle|> life.
I believe that Jesus will come back for the Church.
I believe that God loves all of us, very much and that he has a plan and purpose for our lives. | through grace alone, through faith in Jesus, bringing the forgiveness of my sins and reconciliation to God.
I believe God created all people in His image and exists eternally. Whether we spend eternity with God or separated from Him is determined by our response to the grace and salvation of Jesus.
I believe that Jesus established and is building His church, which is made up of all believers.
I believe the Holy Spirit is available to all believers and that the Christian life is impossible without His empowering presence.
I believe God acts sovereignly in saving sinners.
I believe all believers are sent on Jesus' mission to make disciples.
I believe the human soul is meant to function with God at the center.
I believe the gospel of Jesus Christ should be central to my motivations and the way I live my everyday | 159 |
How to use our<|fim_middle|> out for the sign for the level access boarding point. | accessibility services and travel tools to plan your journey and find maps, wayfinding and realtime audio/visual information when you're on the move.
Our Journey Planner gives the best routes between stations, bus stops, piers, places of interest, addresses or postcodes. You can also set the time you want to travel and whether you want to take the fastest route or the one with fewest changes or least walking involved.
Select 'accessibility and travel options' to say whether you can use stairs or escalators, which types of transport you like to use and how far you are prepared to walk. If you are unlikely to be able to manage the step or gap onto a train, select the option marked 'I need step-free access to the train, bus etc'.
If you prefer to plan your own journey, all our maps and timetables are online.
We also produce a range of accessibility maps and guides that you can order or download and print. These include our Step-Free Tube Guide, Tube toilet map and large print, black and white and audio versions of the Tube map.
Our status updates page shows if there are any delays or disruptions on our networks, so you can plan your journey around them.
You can also find more information about accessibility at specific locations within stations, stops and piers.
If you need to book mobility assistance on TfL Rail you can book up to 24-hours in advance. You can either call on 0343 222 1234 (TfL call charges), or book online.
When you're on the move, there's lots of information to help you find where you're going and keep you up-to-date. If you can't find what you need, ask a member of staff.
Bus shelters have simple spider maps that give an overview of local routes.
Our rail stations on the Tube, London Overground, DLR, Trams, TfL Rail and Emirates Air Line have helpful maps, including local street maps.
Piers have maps of river services.
For pedestrians, our Legible London maps are now in use across many town centres, at bus stops and in station entrances.
You can get live bus arrivals information for any bus stop by text message or on the internet. If you're using the text service, look out for the bus stop code on a sign above the timetable.
There are Countdown signs at 2,500 bus stops that show which buses are coming and when they will arrive.
On board, all buses have audible and visible announcements that tell you the name of the stop, which route you are on and the destination of the bus.
All stations give audible announcements. Most also have electronic signs on platforms and in ticket halls showing the times and destinations of the next trains. All Tube station ticket halls also have service update boards.
All DLR, Overground and newer Tube trains have audible and visible announcements on board.
Piers have Countdown screens similar to those on the bus network and River Bus services have automated audio announcements on board. Live arrivals information is also available online.
Stations and piers are signposted to make sure everyone can find their way.
If you need step-free routes, look out for signs for the lifts. Some stations have been recently updated with our new, more prominent step-free signage.
Some Tube stations have 'platform humps' - a section of the platform that gives level access onto the train. These are not always immediately easy to see so look out for the sign for the level access boarding point.
Text for live bus arrivals You can get live bus arrivals information for any bus stop by text message. Look out for the bus stop code on a sign above the timetable.
Countdown signs at bus stops Many of our bus stops have Countdown signs that show which buses are coming and when they will arrive.
Platform announcements Most Tube station platforms have electronic signs showing the times and destinations of the next trains.
Service update boards All our Tube station ticket halls have service update boards which will tell you how all the lines are running.
Signs for step-free routes If you need step-free routes, look out for signs for the lifts.
Signs for step-free routes Some stations have been recently updated with our new, more prominent step-free signage.
Maps showing step-free routes You can also find maps in the stations which will show you where all of the lifts are.
Platform humps Some Tube stations have 'platform humps' - a section of the platform that gives level access onto the train. Look | 910 |
I first found out about Kyno when I was approached by a stranger at NAB who asked if he could have five minutes of my time. This stranger introduced himself as Robert and asked me to watch a short video on his iPad. To be honest I was skeptical before he hit the play button, but after watching the presentation I was keen to find out more.
Kyno is one of those programs I wish someone had come up with a long time ago. In short it allows anyone who has a Mac and is running Mac OS X starting from version 10.9.5 (there is a Windows version coming) to view, log, organise, and transcode footage from just about any type of camera or codec. I am always working<|fim_middle|> to make markers and create sub clips for files that can then be exported as an Excel document. This allows someone for example to log an interview, then export all the timecodes with an associated thumbnail and all the notes in a very easy to read format. You can also send your files with any of the metadata attached directly to Final Cut Pro 7, FCPX and Premiere Pro.
I have tried using Kyno with a range of different formats and cameras and am yet to find one that won't work. Currently there is no support for Raw video formats like RED Raw, Arri Raw, or Adobe DNG as produced by Blackmagic Design cameras. Adobe DNG and other Raw format support is planned, but there is no ETA yet.
One of the other powerful features of Kyno is transcoding. It allows you to batch-transcode or rewrap from and to many different formats including ProRes, XDCAM and MPEG-4 to name a few. Above you can view a tutorial video on how transcoding is done.
Kyno is still in beta and you can currently download it for free. The paid version will be available in August 2016 for a retail price of $159 US. | with correspondents or producers in the field who don't have NLE systems on their computers and the whole production process slows down when they want to log and view material. There is such a wide variety of codecs from different cameras, and nobody wants to have ten different programs from ten different manufacturers just to be able to do simple logging of material.
I mostly shoot straight to ProRes these days, but without a NLE it is hard for others to log and view the material. Sure you can just open the files with current Quicktime, but it doesn't display any timecode and you can't do much else but view the file. I usually get producers and correspondents to download Quicktime 7 to view the material so at least they can log clips with the timecode. I have also tried installing and using Sony's Catalyst Browse on other people's computers only to see it repeatedly crash, so I gave up on that program. Kyno is the first program that I have used that actually makes this whole process much easier and more efficient.
I talked to the Kyno creators Robert and Thomas about the product and asked them how it came about, and what drove them to create it. You can listen to those answers and a lot more in the audio interview above.
The Kyno interface is very easy to use, particularly if you're just looking to organise clips and log and view footage. Above you can see a quick video I did that explains some of the program's features for logging and organising material.
The program offers some really nice options for logging material and allows producers or reporters | 321 |
Book your first session at https://gymcatch.com just enter These Girls Can Run as your fitness<|fim_middle|> the nickname Miss Fancy Pants, but my love of all things cat earned me my true name of Crazy Cat Lady!
So if you are wavering "Do I don't I join a TGCR group" – just come along and give us a try. If you think our groups are full of experienced fast runners, come and talk to them; you'll discover they haven't been doing this all their life. Many of us only started a few years ago, and quite often in our 40s and 50s. Give it a go, I promise you won't regret it!" | provider.
"On 17th March 2014 I woke up bright and breezy on my 52nd birthday and decided I was going to learn to run. To this day I have no idea where that lightening bolt came from! I downloaded the Couch to 5K app, bought a pair of running shoes and set off in circles around my local park. It took me until the end of 2014 to get to 5km and 40 minutes, not the advertised 30 to complete the distance, but I could do it.
In 2015 I signed up for a Race for Life and a runner friend told me I needed experience of running with others as I always ran alone. She took me to Whitley Bay parkrun, and I was introduced to the amazing running community there. I continued to enter 5km races for charity, parkrun and trotting around my local streets. As the nights got darker and the weather turned I wasn't getting out so much and I missed it. When Kim set up TGCR Cobalt in January 2016 it was the perfect solution. I work on the business park, so I could go straight from work. No getting home cosy in front of the fire and not being bothered to go out. So I learned to run in the dark, cold, rain, wind and snow!
Running with a group of supportive ladies and my run leaders gave me confidence. I signed up for my first 10km race, survived and loved it! Eventually, I was persuaded that I could even do the Great North Run. So last year I did it, and raised over £1000 for Cats Protection. The group gave me the self-confidence to try, and the support and opportunities to train properly for it.
I am a big believer and practitioner of the run / walk technique developed by Jeff Galloway, known as "Jeffing"! After all, we learn to run with run / walk so why stop at 5k? I use it for any distance, as it ensures you can complete any run without being exhausted, fed up or worse, injured. Walking is not "stopping"; walking is not "failure". Jeffing is used by those crazy long distance ultra-runners; if it's good enough for them, it's good enough for me!
I also wear highly decorative leggings, which earned me | 496 |
The colocation market is growing rapidly, with 451 Research predicting 7% CAGR in operational square footage globally through 2020. Clearly the opportunity is large for providers that can keep up with demand.
Keeping up with demand, of course, is all about rapidly building out capacity. It would be easy if that 7% growth was spread evenly across the globe and timed evenly across the year but of course, that is not the way the real world works. Prefabricated data centers and/or modular components (delivered in 12 to 16 weeks; about 20% to 30% of the time it takes to build a data center from scratch) are a great tool to keep pace with the demand of your clients.
Modules come in various sizes and formats, depending on what customers need. It could be a modular room used to create data center space within a larger area such as a warehouse, a single skid with modules to add cooling, power or IT capacity to an existing data center, or a complete facility that can be constructed using prefabricated components.
Prefabricated modules provide benefits beyond speed of delivery. Because they are<|fim_middle|> scalable, enabling colocation data centers to add capacity on an as-needed basis. And they're repeatable, providing the ability to install identical implementations in multiple locations. That leads to predictability in terms of performance, efficiency, reliability and operation, as well as standardized implementations and training.
To learn more about what prefabricated data centers can mean for your business, join our webinar, "Faster Colocation Data Center Deployment – Prefabricated Data Center Benefits and Consideration", Wednesday, September 19, 10am EST, featuring Chris Crosby, CEO for Compass Datacenters. Chris will review his company's data center solutions – from the core to the edge – using prefabricated components, such as exterior walls and advanced construction techniques.
Register now for this webinar, taking place Wednesday, September 19th at 10 a.m. EDT, or watch it later OnDemand. It will open the door to more options in efficiently meeting the increasing demands of your customers in this market, putting you on a path to growth and profitability.
This is part of a digital webinar series provided by the International Colocation Club, hosted by Schneider Electric – a community bringing together colocation providers throughout the world to share ideas and make connections. Watch OnDemand the March 2018 webinar featuring BroadGroup, addressing the topic: Attracting Investors: What Colocation Providers Need to Know. | built and tested in a factory environment, they are not subject to as many of the challenges that you see on traditional data center construction sites. They're flexible, able to fit in just about any environment, as well as | 44 |
TrumpTweets
EchoVsHome
TVs & Home Theater/
Media Hubs & Receivers/
Tim Gideon Apple TV Now with an improved, streamlined interface, Internet radio, Genius, and LP support—and a lower price, Apple TV is finally a blockbuster home-entertainment device.
By Tim Gideon and Joel Santo Domingo
November 3, 2009 3:00PM EST
View All 14 Photos in Gallery
Apple TV. Put more HD on your HDTV. Now with more HD TV shows and more HD movies. From $229. Free shipping.
Basically, an iPod for your HDTV. Easy-to-use, efficient, attractive interface. Streams iTunes content from up to six computers. Gives you the ability to rent and purchase content from the sofa without a computer. Integrates YouTube, Flickr, and Internet Radio.
Requires a widescreen HDTV. No access to App Store (yet). Bundled bare-bones remote could be improved.
Watch the Apple TV in action!
Now with an improved, streamlined interface, Internet radio, Genius, and LP support—and a lower price, Apple TV is finally a blockbuster home-entertainment device.
For the second time since its introduction in 2007, the Apple TV has undergone a software-only facelift. The latest 3.0 update includes a snazzy redesign of the user interface and some fun new features, like Internet Radio. The basic concept behind Apple TV, however, remains unchanged: It plays iTunes and iPhoto content on your HDTV. This includes music, photos, standard- and high-definition movies and TV shows. You can stream from a networked computer's iTunes library or download content directly from iTunes to the Apple TV's 160GB hard drive. Add to this integrated YouTube, Flickr, and MobileMe support, and Apple TV is a compelling purchase at $229 (direct).
Apple iTunes 9
Logitech Squeezebox Boom
For those not familiar with the concept, Apple TV wirelessly streams audio, video, and photos from the iTunes libraries of up to six computers—five shared, plus a "host" PC or Mac—or plays files directly from the device's 160GB hard drive. Throw in the content from the iTunes Store, YouTube, Internet radio, and access to friend's photo libraries from Flickr and MobileMe, and suddenly you have a pretty capable and diverse media extender. And given the success of Apple's near-100,000-title App Store, one wonders how long it will be until apps are added to the Apple TV's arsenal.
Same Hardware, New Features
With the 3.0 update, the hardware has remained unchanged. The slick 1.1-by-7.7-by-7.7-inch (HWD) silver box is mostly unadorned, except for the Apple TV logo on top. Since everything is transferred to the device over your network, there's no slot for DVDs or CDs, just the<|fim_middle|> Joel is proof that you can escape the retail grind: he wore a yellow polo shirt early in his tech career. Along the way Joel e... See Full Bio
More From Joel
How We Test Desktop PCs
How We Test Laptops
Alienware Area-51 Threadripper Edition
Panasonic Toughbook 33
Hisense 100-Inch 4K Ultra HD Smart Dual Color Laser TV (100L10E)
LG OLED65C9PUA
Samsung Q9FN QLED Smart 4K UHD TV (QN65Q9FNAFXZA)
Sony Master Series XBR-65A9G
The Best TVs for 2019 | IR sensor for the remote and a single status light in front. Connections on the back, left to right, are power, USB 2.0, Ethernet, HDMI, component video and RCA stereo audio, and optical audio. Keep in mind that to get the most out of this box, you'll probably want to buy external speakers for your television or use a surround-sound setup. The Apple TV now supports 5.1 Dolby Digital surround audio.
The guts consist of an Intel processor (but what type, Apple won't say) and a 160GB hard drive for storing media. Since some HDTVs have only a single HDMI input, the Apple TV accessory connection options are bountiful by comparison: You can find four-port HDMI switches for around $20 that will let you to toggle between your connections.
A note to the owners of older televisions: Apple TV only works with widescreen, flat-panel HDTVs. Before you set up the Apple TV, make sure you have the latest update of iTunes. Then connect the Apple TV to your television using either the HDMI 1.2 or component video connection. Assuming you have an 802.11b (11-megabits per second), g (54-Mbps), or n (145- or 300-Mbps) wireless network, iTunes will detect Apple TV when you power up. You can also connect to Apple TV via standard Ethernet to enjoy the simplicity and reliability of wired networking. If you already have an iTunes Store account, you can enter your user information via remote control. The Apple TV is shipped "unlocked," but granular and well-executed parental controls are there if you want them. You can limit the ability to rent, purchase, or view music, podcasts, shows, or movies separately based on ratings. You can also limit access to Internet photos, podcasts, and YouTube.
The slowest aspect of set-up comes when you have to enter info on the on-screen keyboard using the over-simplified Apple remote. For iPod touch and iPhone users, it's certainly worth downloading the free Remote app, which lets you control Apple TV via your player or phone's screen.
The new features are primarily updates that allow for existing iTunes advancements to work within the Apple TV interface. For instance, Genius Mixes, introduced with iTunes 9, now show up under the music menu. And iTunes LPs—the deluxe versions of albums for select artists that feature videos, photos, behind-the-scenes interviews, and lyrics—can now be viewed on your television. Some nifty-if-gimmicky iPhoto features are now available, too—you can organize your photos by "Events" or by "Faces," a feature that, when it works, recognizes your friends and family and allows you to look at photos of them organized by names. iTunes Extras—think of them as the LP version of movies, or special edition DVDs—also now work on Apple TV, though the selection is limited to new blockbuster hits, like the recent James Bond flicks.
Easily, the two greatest achievements of the update are the overall redesign of the menus and the inclusion of Internet Radio. It's hard to tell just how many stations Apple has access to currently, but it looks like thousands, and they're well organized, too—it shouldn't take you much time at all to find your favorite college radio station. You can also search by genre, or country, just like you can in iTunes on your computer. Occasionally, a station shows up on the menu, but when you select it, it cannot be streamed. For the most part, however, the selection is vast and the streams are of fairly high quality. And speaking of menus, from the main screen to the Settings sub-menus, the new interface is a breeze to navigate with the remote. The layout is a clean horizontal design with simple drop-down menus and everything moves quickly, including the general set-up process. (See the slideshow for a look at the new UI.)
How's the Video?
Video looks fantastic for the most part, especially when you opt to view HD, rather than standard definition video. Is the picture quality as good as a Blu-ray disc? No. Of course, HD videos viewed in 1080p on the VUDU digital multimedia receiver we have in the labs are also less vibrant than on Blu-ray or HD DVD. The takeaway: If you're really picky about your HD video, get a Blu-ray player (and a full 1080p HDTV). Otherwise, Apple's content looks great, and because of its excellent, quick-loading buffer system, there is almost never any stuttering or halting of your streams. And you needn't wait for an entire video to download before playing it. YouTube videos load quickly on the Apple TV, but quality depends on the source material exclusively—in other words, an HD video will look great, but don't expect a low-res home video to astound you when it's blown up to fill the screen of your 42-inch LCD HDTV.
iTunes offers a mix of HD and SD content, for rental or purchase, and prices can vary drastically. For instance, a season pass (which is a slightly discounted way to purchase the entire season of a TV show) of Mad Men is HD is $34.99; the standard-definition version is $22.99. Per-episode prices for TV shows are $1.99 for SD and $2.99 for HD. Movies are available to rent as they always have been—with a 30-day total/24-hours-after-you-press-play expiration date. Prices vary depending on how new or in-demand a title is, from 99-cent specials to $3.99, and movies are available to buy as well, ranging from $4.99 specials to $14.99, again, depending on how hot the flick is, and, of course, whether you opt for the more expensive HD version (which isn't available for all titles). Obviously, iTunes Extras—expanded, extra content versions of films—are also more expensive.
As for your own video, the Apple TV can handle H.264 (up to 1280 by 720 pixels at 24fps) and MPEG-4 (up to 720 by 432 at 30fps)—basically any file ending in .m4v, .mp4, and .mov should play, unless it's protected. For music, regular albums range from $6.99 specials to $11.99, and iTunes LP albums cost anywhere from $11.99 to $16.99, depending on the artist. Per-song prices generally vary from 99 cents to $1.29, depending on the artist and track, occasionally dipping below 99-cents. Apple TV supports AAC (iTunes-protected or unprotected), MP3, MP3 VBR, Apple Lossless, AIFF, WAV, and Dolby Digital 5.1 surround sound pass-through. For photos, there's support for JPEG, BMP, GIF, TIFF, and PNG.
The latest improvements are welcome additions for current Apple TV owners. And for those who might be considering the $229 media extender, the inclusion of Internet Radio and ability to work with iTunes 9's Genius functions, Extras, and LPs give you more bang for your buck. If streaming music is all you care about, Logitech's $300 Squeezebox Boom, which comes with powerful built-in speakers, and access to services like Pandora, Slacker, and Sirius Radio may be more your speed, but for those who want the entire multimedia package—movies, TV shows, YouTube, Internet radio, photos, and music—Apple TV stands in a class of its own and is well worth the price.
More media hub reviews:
• Amazon Fire TV Stick With Alexa Voice Remote
• Amazon Fire TV Cube
• Amazon Fire TV Stick 4K
• Sony PlayStation Vue
• Shadow Ghost
Bottom Line: Now with an improved, streamlined interface, Internet radio, Genius, and LP support—and a lower price, Apple TV is finally a blockbuster home-entertainment device.
Logitech Squeezebox Radio
Media Hubs & Receivers
Sonos ZonePlayer S5
Tim Gideon Contributing Editor, Audio
Contributing Editor Tim Gideon has been writing for PCMag since 2006. He specializes in reviewing audio products, and is obsessed with headphones, speakers, and recording gear.
More From Tim
Dampen the Din: Bose Noise Cancelling Headphones 700 vs. QuietComfort 35 II
Audeara A-01
Edifier S3000Pro
JLab JBuds Air Sport
Joel Santo Domingo Lead Analyst
Joel Santo Domingo joined PC Magazine in 2000, after 7 years of IT work for companies large and small. His background includes managing mobile, desktop and network infrastructure on both the Macintosh and Windows platforms. | 1,884 |
Every week, the college staff hosts a<|fim_middle|> environmental policy, and fake news, among many others. | tea for PARC residents, featuring either freshly baked goods prepared in NMQ's kitchen or goodies from local bakeries. Teas feature conversation ranging from the casual conversation on a recent movie, to ongoing campus controversies, to guesses on the outcome of national elections. Facul-Teas are great ways to relax and hang out with friends and our great fellows and college staff!
In addition to weekly FaculTea and Munchies, PARC also has a variety of social events - in this case, shown at right, an Earth Day brunch, in which residents also got to paint and decorate pots for succulent plants to keep in their rooms.
Held every week in the Kitchen, Munchies is the place to be for amazing free food from local Evanston restaurants. Catered specifically to the interests of our residents, the weekly Munchies is a great place to chat with your friends, relax, watch sports in the TV Lounge, and generally just hang out with your fellow PARCers.
Firesides give PARC residents a chance to hear from Northwestern's array of distinguished faculty on a variety of topics, including political negotiation, | 231 |
Why do workers turn to entrepreneurship when many entrepreneurs appear to earn less than what they could earn in paid employment? This is the first paper to characterize how the value of resolving uncertainty about entrepreneurial earnings varies over the lifecycle after adjusting for tax differences between entrepreneurs and paid workers. Findings suggest that helping people learn about their potential earnings in entrepreneurship, either by learning from other's experiences in self-employment or by experimenting themselves, can improve the efficiency of sorting workers across sectors.
Small business owners and others in self-employment have the<|fim_middle|> the payroll tax assessed on the self-employed, the median lifetime after-tax earnings gap between self-employment and paid work is approximately zero. | option to transition to paid work. If there is initial uncertainty about earnings in entrepreneurship, this option increases the expected lifetime value of entering self-employment relative to expected pay in a single year. This paper first documents that moves between paid work and self-employment are common and consistent with experimentation to learn about entrepreneurial earnings. This pattern motivates estimating the expected returns to entering self-employment within a dynamic lifecycle model that allows for non-random selection in and out of self-employment and gradual learning about the entrepreneurial earnings process. The model accurately fits entry patterns into self-employment by age, with returns to entrepreneurship varying over the lifecycle. The pre-tax lifetime value of self-employment is positive at the median. The option to return to paid work is large enough to reverse the result from cross-sectional studies that the median man expects to earn significantly less from self-employment. However, after accounting for progressive taxation and the additional employer portion of | 185 |
Posts Tagged 'Bankers Life Fieldhouse'
Indiana Black Expo Summer Celebration Concerts, July 20-21, 2018 @inblackexpo
February 18, 2018 aroundindy Leave a comment
Indiana Black Expo Press Release
INDIANAPOLIS, IN – Indiana Black Expo, Inc. recently announced its weekend lineup for the 48th Summer Celebration featuring a new New Jack Swing concert on the entertainment stage in the free exhibition hall inside the Indiana Convention Center.
Grammy Award winning singer, song writer and Broadway actress Stephanie Mills, R&B Group After 7 and British R&B sensation "Loose Ends will perform during the Music Heritage Festival l Free Outdoor Concert at the American Legion Mall on Friday, July 20, 2018.
IBE has added another free concert for attendees to enjoy inside the free exhibition hall on Saturday July 21st. Titled the New Jack Swing concert, exhibit hall attendees will see performances from three-time Grammy nominated "Al B. Sure, chart topping vocalist "Christopher Williams" and "Big Bub of the group "Today."
Later on Saturday at Bankers Life Fieldhouse, Summer Celebration attendees will enjoy a concert featuring R&B group Maze and Frankie Beverly, Grammy winning singer, song writer Brandy and the creator of New Jack Swing Teddy Riley & Blackstreet.
Tickets for Saturday's concert go on sale Monday, February 19, 2018 and are available at the Indiana Black Expo office located at 3145 North Meridian Street or Bankers Life Fieldhouse in Indianapolis, at all Ticket Master outlets, ticketmaster.com — or by visiting IBE's website at http://indianablackexpo.com or by calling 317.923.3037.
The 48th Annual Indiana Black Expo Summer Celebration runs from July 12 – 22, 2018 and will impact over 200,000 visitors.
Categories: concerts, festivals, Indiana, Indianapolis, Indy, live music Tags: American Legion Mall, Bankers Life Fieldhouse, Indiana Black Expo, Indiana Convention Center, Music Heritage Festival, New Jack Swing Concert, Summer Celebration
50th Gen Con Gaming Convention, Aug. 17-20, 2017
August 16, 2017 aroundindy 1 comment
Indiana Convention Center in downtown Indianapolis, Indiana.
By Stacia Kirby
On behalf of Gen Con
Gen Con Sells Out Historic 50th Convention
Indianapolis (August 14, 2017) Gen Con, North America's longest-running and best-attended tabletop game convention, has announced a complete sellout of badges for its 50th convention to be held August 17-20 in the Indiana Convention Center. The convention will not sell badges on-site and attendees, as in prior years, will be asked to display their badges while attending the show. In addition to its 50th convention, this Gen Con marks 15 years in Indianapolis.
"Our team is ecstatic to see so many choose to celebrate gaming history with us at the historic Gen Con 50," said Adrian Swartout, Gen Con CEO. "In this milestone year, we have seen gamers from around the world decide to make Gen Con their summer destination, and we're anticipating our best show yet. We've made optimizing the attendee experience a core goal for Gen Con 50, and we are committed to balancing growth with world class programming."
In 2016, Gen Con had attendees from all 50 states, every Canadian province, and more than 60 countries. This year, the convention has expanded to the field level of Lucas Oil Stadium, home of the NFL's Indianapolis Colts, in addition to its space in the Indiana Convention Center and participating hotels. For the first time, Gen Con also will host a concert in Bankers Life Fieldhouse with a performance by Grammy winning recording artists They Might Be Giants. This concert and entrance to Lucas Oil Stadium both require Gen Con 50 badges.
About Gen Con
Gen Con LLC produces the largest consumer hobby, fantasy, science fiction, and adventure game convention in North America, Gen Con, The Best Four Days in Gaming!™. Acquired in 2002 by former CEO and founder of Wizards of the Coast, Peter Adkison, the company is headquartered in Seattle, Washington. Celebrating 50 years in 2017, Gen Con 50 will be sponsored by Mayfair Games, Paizo, Inc., and Rio Grande Games. For more information, visit http://gencon.com/
Categories: events, games, Indiana, Indianapolis, Indy, things to do Tags: Bankers Life Fieldhouse, Gen Con, Gen Con Gaming Convention, Indiana Convention Center, Lucas Oil Stadium
NCAA Div I Hoops @thefieldhouse, Mar. 17 & 19, 2017
February 2, 2017 aroundindy Leave a comment
Bankers Life Fieldhouse in downtown Indianapolis, Indiana.
By Brett Williams
Indiana Sports Corp.
The 2017 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Championship preliminary rounds hosted by the Horizon League, IUPUI and Indiana Sports Corp will be held at Bankers Life Fieldhouse on Friday, March 17 and Sunday, March 19, 2017.
Single-session tickets for the Division I men's championship preliminary rounds are now on sale. Tickets are available at www.NCAA.com/mbbtickets.
"Indianapolis is excited to welcome back NCAA men's basketball fans from across the country to kick-off March Madness with the First and Second Rounds at Bankers Life Fieldhouse," said Ryan Vaughn, Indiana Sports Corp president. "Hoosiers know basketball and they are looking forward to taking part in the action all weekend."
The NCAA encourages fans to use www.NCAA.com/mbbtickets for ticket purchases to ensure they are receiving genuine NCAA championship tickets and not counterfeits. PrimeSport, the official ticket and hospitality provider of the NCAA, also has official tickets and hospitality options available through The NCAA Experience for every location of the 2017 NCAA Men's Basketball Championship, including the Final Four in Phoenix. For more information on The NCAA Experience, or to purchase tickets, please visit NCAA.com/VIP.
NCAA, Final Four, March Madness and The NCAA Experience are trademarks of the NCAA. All other licenses or trademarks are property of their respective holders.
Categories: Indiana, Indianapolis, Indy, sports, things to do Tags: Bankers Life Fieldhouse, Final Four, Horizon League, Indiana Sports Corp, IUPUI, March Madness, NCAA, NCAA Division I, The NCAA Experience
New Year's Eve 2016 in Downtown Indianapolis
December 13, 2016 aroundindy Leave a comment
Monument Circle decorated for the holiday season in downtown Indianapolis. AroundIndy.com staff photo, (c) 2015, all rights reserved.
By Jennifer Hanson
Downtown Indy, Inc.
Downtown Indianapolis is the place to be when the clock strikes 12 this New Year's Eve! From numerous parties to family-friendly events to dinner in style, ring in 2017 right. To view all these events online, visit: www.downtownindy.org/event-collection/52/new-years-eve/.
Be safe – don't drink and drive. Plan your transit to and from your Downtown NYE destination ahead of time. For more information on Downtown parking visit: www.downtownindy.org/get-around-downtown/park/. For information on Downtown bus routes visit: www.downtownindy.org/get-around-downtown/bus/.
Georgia Street – all ages
Downtown Indy, Inc.'s New Year's Eve Celebration presented by The Indiana Union Construction Industry,
Georgia Street; FREE
Georgia Street is the place to be this New Year's Eve! Come for an exciting entertainment line-up, stimulating sights, plenty of food and drink and a unique midnight extravaganza all for FREE! The celebration takes place 8 p.m. – 12:30 a.m. Headlining the event will be the electronic dance group Jump Smokers along with bands Standout Story, 87 Southbound and Just'A Band. The all-ages evening includes the Hoosier Lottery Countdown Pavilion inside Bankers Life Fieldhouse as a chance for revelers to step out of the cold. Full bars and food trucks will be available throughout the night as well. And at 11:59 p.m., an IndyCar hoisted high above the crowd will once again descend with fireworks at midnight!
Schedule of performers include:
Main Stage on Georgia Street
8 – 8:45 p.m. – 87 Southbound
9:15 – 10 p.m. – Standout Story
10:30 – 12:00 p.m. – Jump Smokers
10 – 11:30 p.m. – Just'A Band
Although hotel rooms are going quickly, guests for this event can stay at any of the Hilton family of hotels in Downtown Indianapolis, the official New Year's Eve hotel partner.
Countdown to Noon, The Children's Museum of Indianapolis, $22.50; youth (ages 2-17) $18.50; seniors (60+) $21.50; youth under 2 free
Experience all the fun of New Year's Eve at a reasonable hour. Celebrate the final day of 2016 with activities, music from Grammy-nominated musician Zak Morgan and countdowns to 2017 at noon and 1 p.m. Receive hats and other festive favors for the big moment while supplies last.
Family New Year's Eve, Indiana State Museum, $15, $9 members
The clocks are pushed forward and the New Year is celebrated early to allow children of all ages to enjoy the festivities. End the year with a family-friendly, alcohol-free celebration in the Governor Frank O'Bannon Great Hall. Enjoy jugglers, face painting and train rides from 6 – 9 p.m. with the balloon drop at 8 p.m. Reservations for the event are recommended.
New Year's Eve with ComedySportz, The Athenaeum Theatre, $20; $18 for students and seniors
Welcome in the New Year with the most unique comedy show around! There are two celebrations – the first from 7:30 – 9 p.m. and the second from 10:30 p.m. – midnight (ending with a countdown to midnight) – and two live improvisation matches, where ComedySportz players battle each other for a prize.
Adults 21+ celebrations
New Year's Eve Party with Zanna Doo, The Rathskeller, $50 in advance; $55 at the door
Enjoy New Year's Eve with a hors d'oeuvre buffet, party favors and a midnight champagne toast at The Rathskeller. Doors open at 6 p.m., opening acts perform from 7 – 8<|fim_middle|>, $130
Ring in 2017 at Indy's only rooftop event from 9 p.m. – 2 a.m. and enjoy a 360-degree view of Downtown. This event features a premium open bar all evening with light appetizers, champagne toast and a special midnight presentation. Music provided by DJ Indiana Jones, DJ Gabby Love, Action Jackson, Lemi Vice, Mass Appeal, DJ Rican and DJ Jozyano.
New Year's Eve: A Gatsby Affair, The Pavilion at Pan Am, $95 – $100
A NYE Gatsby Affair at The Pavilion will be a one of kind New Year's Eve experience at Indy's newest event venue! With music from Sinclair Wheeler, Slater Hogan and a special performance by Kayla Noel, this event will have you dancing into 2017 with more than 1,000 other partygoers. Early bird tickets start at $100, providing each guest with amenities including a premium open bar, midnight champagne toast, silk aerialists, party favors, a photo booth, a live stream of Downtown Indy, Inc.'s New Year's Eve on Georgia Street and more!
New Year's Eve at Howl at the Moon, $25 – $110
Howl at the Moon offers three different packages to help ring in 2017: Champagne Supernova ($110) includes reserved seating, dinner from 7 – 10 p.m. and a champagne toast at midnight with party favors. Just Dance ($90) offers the same amenities as Champagne Supernova, except standing room only. For both packages guests must arrive between 7 – 10 p.m. General admission is $25, which includes guaranteed entry with guests arriving between 8 p.m. – midnight.
Hard Rock Café New Year's Eve Party, $30 – $225
Rock in the New Year at Hard Rock Café with live music from DJ T-Bone and multiple event packages. The Party like a Rock Star Couple package ($225) includes two dinner buffets, one hotel room, party favors and two champagne toasts. The Rock and Roll package ($50) includes one buffet dinner, party favors and a champagne toast. General Admission ($30) includes a reserved seat, buffet dinner and champagne toast. Doors open at 7:30 p.m. and the dinner buffet is served from 8 p.m. – 1 a.m.
New Year's Eve Date Night, Chef JJ's, $75 per person + 21 percent service fee
Share an evening with that special someone with fresh, local food prepared by Chef JJ's culinary team. Tickets include beer or wine tasters, a five-course dinner and a sweet treat to take home. Beer and wine will be available for purchase. Doors open at 6 p.m. with dinner beginning at 6:30 p.m. and concluding at approximately 8:30 p.m. Non-refundable, non-transferable seat deposits are available for $40.
New Year's Eve Limo Bus Crawl, various locations, $49.95; prices will increase
Returning for a sixth straight year, party in style on a limo bus with My Drink On! This package includes no cover, champagne toasts at midnight, party favors, drink specials and a photo hunt. Limo buses will do constant loops and should arrive to each venue every 15 minutes (traffic pending).
Downtown sports for New Year's Eve/day
The Indiana University men's basketball team will face off against the University of Louisville at Bankers Life Fieldhouse Dec. 31 at 12:30 p.m. Tickets are sold out on the primary ticket market, but are still available via secondary ticket sites such as Stubhub, TicketMaster, etc.
The Indianapolis Colts play the season finale against the Jacksonville Jaguars at Lucas Oil Stadium Jan. 1 at 1 p.m. Go Colts!
Hilton Indianapolis Hotel & Suites
New Year's Eve Dinner only package:
Five-course meal for two
Overnight stay in an art-centric deluxe guest room
Prosecco and chocolate covered strawberries
Brunch for two in Market Table
Late check out 1 p.m.
Categories: Uncategorized Tags: Bankers Life Fieldhouse, Children's Museum of Indianapolis, Ciroc the New Year, ComedySportz, Downtown Indy Inc, Georgia Street, Hard Rock Cafe, Hilton Indianapolis Hotel, Howl at the Moon, indiana state museum, Pan Am Pavilion, Rathskeller Restaurant, The Alexander, Union Station
October 2016 Events in Downtown Indy
September 26, 2016 aroundindy Leave a comment
Indianapolis, Indiana as viewed from the west bank of the White River.
Audition for the Circle of Lights
Calling all entertainers, singers, musicians, dancers and local talent of Central Indiana! First round auditions for Downtown Indy, Inc.'s Circle of Lights® presented by IBEW #481 will take place Saturday, Oct. 1 from 8:30 a.m. – noon and Tuesday, Oct. 4 from 4 – 7:30 p.m. at IBEW 481, 1828 N. Meridian St. Selected finalists from the first auditions will be called back for a final audition taking place in mid-October.
Inaugural Red Bull Air Race
The Red Bull Air Race World Championships is the ultimate motorsport competition in the sky. Pilots will navigate an aerial racetrack in the skies above the Indianapolis Motor Speedway, maneuvering through air-filled pylons in the fastest time possible while incurring the least amount of penalties possible. The race takes place Oct. 1 and 2.
Pinking of the Canal
To kick off Breast Cancer Awareness Month, the Colts host the Pinking of the Canal at the Ohio Street Basin on the Downtown Canal Walk Oct. 7 from 11 a.m. – 1p.m. The event is free and will include live music, free limited-edition Colts pink posters, Colts Cheerleaders and more.
Happy Birthday Indiana
Indiana celebrates its bicentennial this year. Events to commemorate the Hoosier State's 200th birthday include:
· An opportunity to learn more about our state's history, Hoosier Homecoming brings communities together from all across Indiana Oct. 15 from noon – 4:30 p.m. at the Indiana State House. Free activities and entertainment will be provided, along with the dedication of Bicentennial Plaza and the State House Education Center in the State Library and celebrate the culmination of the Bicentennial Torch Relay.
· The Indianapolis Public Library invites adults for a Bicentennial book discussion about the state's cultural and social history Sept. 20 from 6 – 8 p.m. The book, "The Girl in the Tangerine Scarf" by Mohja Kahf, highlights a devout Muslim girl growing up in Indiana in the 1970s. The discussion will involve what it means to be Muslim in America today and will take place in Central Library's Clowes Auditorium.
· For more bicentennial activities and events, visit our blog.
Hauntingly good Halloween events
The Children's Museum Guild will feature its 53rd annual Haunted House from Oct. 8 – 30. The theme this year is Cursed Castle and tickets are $8. Also at The Children's Museum of Indianapolis, don't miss the Black Hat Bash, the city's biggest family-friendly Halloween party Oct. 7 from 6:30 – 9:30 p.m.
Zoo Boo returns to the Indianapolis Zoo Oct. 7 – 9, 14 – 16, 21 – 23, 28 – 30 from 2 – 7 p.m. Children are encouraged to wear their costumes.
For adults wanting to celebrate Halloween, Hilbert Circle Theatre hosts the Indianapolis Symphony Orchestra for Haunted Hilbert on Oct. 29 at 7:30 p.m. Dress is "Masquerade Chic" and the proceeds benefit the ISO's education programs. You must be 21+ to attend.
Fall into Festivals
Help celebrate German-American Day with GermanFest Oct. 8 from noon – 8 p.m. at the Anteneaum. The event will feature wiener dog races, a strong man competition, German beer and food by the Indianapolis Sangerchor and ZwergenLand for kids. Admission is $8 in advance and $10 at the door.
More than 275 film screenings will be featured at the 25th annual Heartland Film Festival Oct. 20 – 30. The Festival provides a unique opportunity for audiences to interact with more than 100 filmmakers, and see films from all over the world. Opening night festivities take place at the Scottish Rite Cathedral Oct. 20.
Sports back in action
The Pacers return to Bankers Life Fieldhouse Oct. 4 for the first home preseason matchup and open the regular season Oct. 26 vs. the Dallas Mavericks at 7 p.m. The Colts play two home games: a Super Bowl XLI rematch vs. the Chicago Bears Oct. 9 and the Kansas City Chiefs Oct. 30. The Indy Fuel begins its season Oct. 14 and the Indy Eleven play two home games Oct. 15 & 22.
Welcome back National FFA Convention
Thousands of young adult FFA members clad in their signature navy blue jackets will be in town once again for the annual convention Oct. 19 – 22. The gathering will include educational seminars and expos at the Indiana Convention Center, along with plenty of food trucks on Georgia Street Oct. 20 & 21.
For more information, visit http://downtownindy.org/ or call 317-237-2222.
Categories: Uncategorized Tags: Bankers Life Fieldhouse, Circle of Lights, Germanfest, Heartland Film Festival, Indiana, Indiana Bicentennial, Indiana Pacers, Indianapolis, Indianapolis Colts, Indianapolis Zoo, National FFA Convention, Pinking of the Canal, Red Bull Air Race | :30 p.m. and Zanna Doo performs from 9 p.m. – 1 a.m.
New Year's Eve Bash at the Hyatt Regency Indianapolis; $45 – $80
Kick off 2017 at Hyatt Regency Indianapolis with one of three hotel and party packages. This action-packed night of entertainment and celebration includes several live musical performances on three stages, a fantasy casino "player's lounge" and a midnight 15,000 balloon drop in the center of the atrium lobby. Entertainment includes performances by The Flying Toasters, My Yellow Rickshaw, Corey Cox, Hunter Smith Band, DJ Brian Jackson, Casino Games and Pyramid of Enlightenment. The party begins at 8 p.m. and the dress code is dressy casual.
New Year's Eve Masquerade Ball, Union Station, $50 general admission; $99 VIP
Celebrate the 10th annual New Year's Eve Masquerade Ball with three parties for the price of one ticket taking place in three ballrooms within Union Station. Living Proof in the Grand Hall will play all your favorite party songs; 80s rock band Mullet Over will entertain in the Iron Horse Lounge and "club-style" music provided by P3 Productions will take place in the Illinois Street Ballroom. The party begins at 8:30 p.m.
CIROC the New Year, Regions Bank Tower | 293 |
Whether you are a prospective Cirrus owner, a brand new pilot, a veteran pilot, or even a non-pilot looking for a greater understanding of what's going on in the cockpit; we can help.
Take the road less traveled. We offer a selection of destination adventures that highlight the versatility of Cirrus aircraft, and express the<|fim_middle|> assistance.
The Flight Academy was founded in 2002 by former Cirrus Aircraft instructors. Our mission is to produce safer, more proficient pilots through specialized training of the highest quality.
Since 2002 we have been working with clients all over the United States and across the world, using our passion for aviation education to provide top-level customer service. We believe in safety as the number one goal of training with having fun as a close second.
The Flight Academy is a boutique flight school which doesn't train in the traditional manner. Our specialty is working with busy clients with busy schedules. To do this, we map out a plan to achieve the training objectives, tailor the schedule to our clients' lives, and then train in full day or multi-day blocks of time to achieve the objective.
We're experts in different facets of aviation. Not only do we teach people how to fly, we also deliver aircraft around the world, have group adventure trips, provide buyer's agent services to help pilots acquire aircraft, and can work as consultants and problems solvers for any other aviation need. All of our instructors are experienced, professional educators who know Cirrus aircraft inside and out. We pride ourselves on being experts not just with the aircraft but also with the teaching process.
Learning to fly should be an enjoyable process with the outcome of helping our clients see the world in ways they'd never imagined. The new lifestyle accessible to pilots is a wondrous one filled with adventure, beauty, and a new definition of efficiency. The Flight Academy specializes in opening up that world to our clients. | magic of aviation. Join us!
Whether you need someone broker an aircraft sale, ferry it to or from where it's based, or even manage it on the ground when it arrives, we can offer our | 41 |
Full Year 2021 Software Industry Trends
The four largest transactions in 2021 were healthcare related. These four transactions, with a combined value of $79.30 billion, accounted for one-fifth of the industry's aggregate value during the year.
The highest value deal in 2021 was Oracle's announced acquisition of Cerner, an electronic health records vendor, for $29.16 billion.<|fim_middle|> from 277 to 365 deals.
M&A Market Overview
Berkery Noyes tracked 7,548 Software transactions between 2019 and 2021, of which 1,408 disclosed financial terms, and calculated the aggregate value to be $567.98 billion. Based on known transaction values, we project values of 6,140 undisclosed transactions to be $205.35 billion, totaling $773.33 billion worth of transactions tracked over the past three years.
Disclosed median enterprise value multiples for all segments combined in this report during the last 36 months were 3.9x revenue and 16.7.x EBITDA.
Transaction Volume/Value & Multiples
Strategic vs. Financial Comparison
Purchaser Analysis
Transaction Volume by Segment
Berkery Noyes Market Segmentation and Related Notes
efff1edb-688d-4351-a850-29debe8e3a2e | This was the largest acquisition ever completed by Oracle.
There were 755 financially sponsored transactions with an aggregate value of $168.42 billion, representing 26 percent of the total volume and 42 percent of the total value, respectively.
2021 Key Trends
Total transaction volume in 2021 increased by 25 percent over 2020, from 2,275 to 2,854.
Total transaction value in 2021 doubled over 2020, from $200.68 billion to $401.01 billion.
The median revenue multiple rose from 3.2x in 2020 to 5.1x in 2021. The median EBITDA multiple improved from 15.9x in 2020 to 18.9x in 2021.
The segment with the largest rise in volume in 2021 over 2020 was Infrastructure, which gained 32 percent, | 228 |
Historic Sites Committee
Toll Gates on the Proof Line Road
9 November 2009 - 12:22pm
Plaque no. 37
Date of plaque unveiling
John Lutman
1110 Richmond Street, London, Ontario
Take a tour of Gates on the Proof<|fim_middle|> by a huge celebration in Arva, during which the collected toll gates were burned in a large bonfire. | Line Road on HistoryPin
Select thumbnail image to view
Photo credit: PG F 99, Ivey Family London Room, Central Library, London Public Library, 251 Dundas Street, London, Ontario, Henry G. Hines, July 30, 1907
The first settlers to move into this area made their way north along the blazes and stakes of Mahlon Burwell's proof line through the middle of London Township. Laid out as a road allowance, it followed Wharncliffe Road northward, bypassing the riverlands of the Medway Creek and North Thames River, and following the present Western Road and Richmond Street route before continuing northward.
Early settlers were quick to demand road improvements. Many roads were mere dirt trails through bogs and forests. In swampy areas it was necessary to lay down layers of logs to keep horses and carriages from sinking. Ruts from wagon wheels and tree stumps were further obstacles, and in wet weather roads became rivers of mud. To deal with this situation, the Legislature of Upper Canada in 1810 delegated local justices of the peace to appoint surveyors to lay out and regulate proper roads. Roads were to be constructed and maintained with the costs assessed to local landowners.
In 1849, the Provincial Legislature passed legislation permitting private companies to build toll roads. That same year, a local group formed the "Proof Line Road Joint Stock Company" to grade, macadamize, and bridge the Proof Line Road. The completed road had three toll gates and followed the Richmond Street route north through Arva, Birr, and Elginfield. Several hotels and taverns opened along the road, an indication of its heavy use.
By 1882, however, all publicly owned county roads had been declared free of tolls. The Proof Line Road came to be seen as an anachronism, and citizens often detoured to avoid the toll gates. In 1907, local councils and the province bought the Proof Line Road for $11,000. The occasion was marked | 432 |
Pavlov showed that dogs could be conditioned to salivate at the sound of a bell if that sound was repeatedly presented at the same time that they were given food.
Then Pavlov sounded the bell (neutral stimulus) before giving the food. After a few pairings the dogs salivated when they heard the bell even when no food was given. The bell had become the conditioned stimulus and salivation had become the conditioned response.
Skinner argued that learning is an active process. When humans and animals act on and in their environment consequences follow these behaviours.
A hungry rat was placed in a cage. Every time he activated the lever a food pellet fell in the food dispenser (positive reinforcement).
In another experiment, a rat was placed in a cage in which they were subjected to an uncomfortable electrical current, as he moved around the cage the rat hit the lever, this immediately switched off the electrical current (negative reinforcement).
The rat quickly learnt to go straight to the lever after a few times of being put in the box.
It has experimental support, Pavlov showed that classical conditioning leads to learning by association. Watson and<|fim_middle|> role of neurotransmitters, for example a low level of serotonin can give rise to depression or high level of dopamine is involved in OCD.
It sees people as passive in their learning with little conscious thoughts influencing their behavior; other approaches recognise the importance of mental events in the learning process.
It neglects the influence of free will as it argues that our behaviour is the result of previous conditioning. | Rayner showed that phobias can be learnt through classical conditioning in the 'Little Albert' experiment.
It introduced the scientific methods to psychology. Laboratory experiments were used with high control of extraneous variables. These experiments were replicable and the data obtained was objective (not influenced by an individual's judgement or opinion) and measurable. This gave psychology more credibility.
It has practical applications for example systematic desensitisation based on classical conditioning is used in the treatment of phobias. Classical and operant conditioning have also been used to explain attachment.
It does not explain important aspects of human behavior such as memory and problem solving as these are internal mental events which cannot be observed.
It does not take into account biological factors such as the | 147 |
Tag Archives: 上海老lf
Valley economy rocks!
Unemployment claims in the San Fernando Valley hit a record low in October, indicating the local economy is strong, driven by job growth in the entertainment, construction and trade sectors, a research center reported Friday. Growth has been so robust that the Valley's economy shed as much unemployment in the past seven quarters as it did during the entire six years of the previous recovery, according to figures compiled by the San Fernando Valley Economic Research Center at California State University, Northridge. "The Valley's continuing to grow and people are coming off the unemployment rolls," said Dan Blake<|fim_middle|>生躺采是什么服务, 成都红灯攻略, 椒江论坛网, 武汉新茶上市SN, 爱上海北京论坛 | Leave a comment | , a CSUN professor of economics who directs the center. "It ought to be a very Merry Christmas in the Valley." While manufacturing, long the source of good-paying, middle-class jobs, has yet to make a major rebound, the region has become diverse enough to grow steadily across all its sectors. This puts the Valley on track to meet the annual job-growth rate of 1.7 percent first forecast by the center in May. Two months ago, 12,961 unemployment claims were filed in the Valley, 555 fewer than the previous low in November 2000. The record high was 34,541 claims filed in February 1994. Blake said a decline in claims generally means unemployment is also falling. Unemployment started improving in the Valley during the first quarter of 2004. Blake said October's unemployment claims numbers for the Valley are the most recent available from the state. "This region is absolutely on a solid growth track," said Bruce Ackerman, president and chief executive officer of the Economic Alliance of the San Fernando Valley. "When we talk about the number of companies who want to expand, there are no 1,000-job companies, but there's a lot of them with 10, 20, 50 employees. If there's a downturn, I'd much rather lose 10 here or there than 1,000 employees at the same time." On Monday, the alliance and its work force partners will celebrate the creation of 125,000 jobs over the past five years. While the Valley's trend line appears positive, the state's job market is mixed, according to separate reports issued Friday. The unemployment rate in Los Angeles County dipped to 5.1 percent in November from 6.5 percent a year ago, but was up from 4.5 percent in October, said the state Employment Development Department. There were 249,000 unemployment claims filed in November in the county, an increase of 29,000 from October, but 54,000 fewer than a year ago. California's unemployment rate was 5.2 percent in November, unchanged from the month before and down from 6 percent last November. Nationally, unemployment sits at 5 percent, steady with October and down from 5.4 percent the same month last year. Jack Kyser, chief economist with the Los Angeles County Economic Development Corp., characterized the report as "mixed, but not bad." "It's kind of strange, because the unemployment rate jumped in October to November," Kyser said. "There's been a jump in the number of people looking for jobs, probably because they figured retailers would be hiring, which accounted for the big unemployment increase." Brent Hopkins, (818) 713-3738 brent.hopkins@dailynews.com 160Want local news?Sign up for the Localist and stay informed Something went wrong. Please try again.subscribeCongratulations! You're all set! read more
Posted in oyyvhqugz | Tagged 上海洗浴中心带服务的, 上海老lf, 上海龙凤shlfinf, 佛山飞机网论坛2018, 兰州信息网, 养 | 694 |
Mac DVD Ripper Pro 8.0 macOS (macOS) | iMojado - Free download mac software and games!
DVDs are a very popular data transfer medium: you can use them to share media content, to backup your important projects and documents, and more. Mac DVDRipper Pro is a Mac OS X app that can help you transfer the data written on a DVD back to your computer. By ripping the DVD to your harddrive you are also keeping an exact copy of your DVD, and you can compress each movie on the fly - making them viewable on video iPod, iPod Touch, iPhone, iPad, Apple TV and many more.
Mac DVDRipper Pro monitors your DVD reader at all times and, as soon as a new DVD is inserted, allows you to define multiple actions. You also have the option to specify the output location. The application offers you the possibility to rip all videos, menus, and bonuses, can extract a full disc image (includes the option to burn a copy), can transfer only the main movie, can rip the data and convert it, and can mount the drive unencrypted.
Most of the Mac DVDRipper Pro functionalities can be triggered via the app's main window, but you get to personalize the overall app behavior via the Preferences. Among other customization options, you can choose<|fim_middle|> with complex tools. The app is able to perform multiple actions consecutively, enables you to extract only the data that interests you, and can convert the ripped content: all in all, it can prove to be very useful addition to your software collection. | to automatically start the ripping process when the DVD is inserted and eject it when the procedure is over. In addition, Mac DVDRipper Pro offers support for audio notifications, and can display an alert if the DVD is ripped twice. Moreover, you get to adjust the video encoding quality, or choose to import the media to your iTunes library.
Mac DVDRipper Pro proposes simple yet highly efficient solutions for ripping the content of your DVDs without having to deal | 92 |
Grand Ole Opry Member Mel McDaniel (penned "Louisiana Saturday Night") Passes Away at 68
By Jason Estopinal on April 4, 2011 in News
Grand Ole Opry member Mel McDaniel lost his battle with lung cancer last night, March 31 at his home in Hendersonville, Tenn.<|fim_middle|> would achieve success in the music business.
Mel first made his mark on Nashville as a demo singer and as a songwriter. A song he penned for Conway Twitty, "The Grandest Lady of Them All," paid tribute to the Grand Ole Opry he loved even before he ever dreamed of becoming an Opry member, himself.
It was monster hits such as "Louisiana Saturday Night," "Big Ole Brew," "Stand Up," and "Baby's Got Her Blue Jeans On" that did lead to Mel's official Opry membership in 1986.
Mel once said, "I wanted to be a singer because I wanted to make people feel good with my music." Night after night, year after year he achieved that goal on the Opry stage as well as on stages and radio dials across America. And his music is bound to make people feel good for years to come.
About Jason Estopinal
View all posts by Jason Estopinal →
Grand, hendersonville tenn, home, louisiana saturday night, mel mcdaniel, member, monster hits, music, Opry, opry member
Miranda Lambert nominated for entertainer of the year at ACMs
Taylor Swift Always Makes This Face | The 68-year-old McDaniel had been a member of the Opry since 1986. McDaniel's last Opry appearance was during an all-cast sing at the Sept. 28, 2010 re-opening of the Opry House. Funeral arrangements are not finalized at this time, but will be posted on opry.com when they are made available. McDaniel is survived by one daughter and one grandson.
Born in Checotah, Oklahoma, Mel first performed publicly during a high school talent contest. It was many years later, however, that he | 121 |
Uranoscopus scaber
Family : Uranoscopidae
Text © Giuseppe Mazza
English translation by Mario Beltramini
The Stargazer (Uranoscopus scaber) is the only Mediterranean Uranoscopidae © Giuseppe Mazza
The Stargazer (Uranoscopus scaber Linnaeus, 1758) belongs to the class of Actinopterygii, the ray-finned fishes, to the order of Perciformes and to the family of Uranoscopidae.
The genus was created by Linnaeus latinizing the Greek terms "skopeo" = to look and "uranos" = sky.
Concluding, it is a fish which "looks at the sky", as it is demersed into the sand, with the eyes on the head.
From this probably also comes the colloquial Italian name of "Pesce prete" (Priest fish), whilst the other Italian name, "Pesce lucerna" (Lantern fish) comes from its shape and from the buccal tentacle it pushes out, like a little flame, for attracting the preys and swallow them treacherously.
In other words, as called in Italian, a "scherzo da prete" (a priest's trick), maybe a further confirmation of the<|fim_middle|> is able to such the victim is impressive.
In the Mediterranean, the reproductive period goes from April to August, and the eggs, pelagic and floating, are about 2 mm long. The young nourish of plankton. When they are 11 mm long, the eyes are still lateral, but later, around the 24 mm, they migrate upwards and at this moment begin the benthic life. They will reproduce, in their turn, once reached the length of 17-18 mm. The vulnerability index of this species is of 44 over 100.
Uranoscopus bufo Valenciennes, 1843; Uranoscopus occidentalis Agassiz, 1831.
→ For general information about fishes please click here.
→ To appreciate the biodiversity within the Osteichthyes, the BONY FISH, and find other species, please click here.
Uranoscopus scaber was last modified: February 8th, 2018 by Giuseppe Mazza
© MONACO NATURE ENCYCLOPEDIA | All rights reserved | most common name.
The Latin name of the species "scaber" = rough to the touch, reminds its dangerous spines
Zoogeography
It is the sole Uranoscopidae present in the Mediterranean, but it is found also after the Strait of Gibraltar, along the Atlantic coasts, northwards up to Brittany and, southwards, up to Mauritania.
Ecology-Habitat
It lives on the soft, sandy bottoms, between the 15 and the 400 m of depth, pushing out only the eyes, practically invisible.
Morpho-physiology
Usually, the stargazer is 20-25 cm long, but may reach, exceptionally, the 40 cm with a weight of 900 g. Massive head and body with an almost circular section compressing towards the tail. The quite small eyes, protected by a transparent tegument only in correspondence to the pupil, and the huge opening of the mouth, with various rows of teeth bent inwards for holding the preys, are placed up, on the head. The head, cuirassed, is protected by 4 bony plates. Two robust venomous spines, behind the operculum, cause not a few incidents to the fishermen who extract them carelessly from the dragnets. It is, in fact, an edible species, ingredient for "brodettos" and fish soups, as the famous "cacciucco alla livornese (Livorno spiced fish soup).
Mouth and eyes over the head, venomous spines, electrical emissions and mobile bait for preys © Mazza
Luckily, the venom is thermolabile, and, usually, the pain of the sting fades after a few hours by dipping the wound into the warm water.
There are two dorsal fins: one, black and triangular, in a forward position with 4 spines, which in the photo appears as folded, and a brown one, of triple length, with tender rays. It is almost specular to the anal one, which has, however, the first ray spiny and the others extending towards the tail.
The pectoral fins are very wide and the ventral ones are much advanced. The caudal fin is truncated.
The colouration, ochre-brown on the back, gets paler on the sides and yellowish-white on the belly.
The cephalic zone emits two types of electrical shocks. One is very short and one is longer, variable depending on the sex, which takes place only in summer during the reproductive time. Concluding, it's a sort of a small sexual dimorphism.
These emissions probably represent a very beginning, frozen in the time, of the evolution of the electrical organs of the fishes.
Ethology-Reproductive Biology
The stargazer is a quiet and opportunistic predator, nourishing of benthic fishes, worms and crustaceans.
When it identifies a possible prey it emits from the central part of the jaw a thin and fringed appendix, which starts moving relentlessly in order to excite the curiosity and attract the ill-fated. I have observed several times the event in my aquarium, and the rapidity with which it | 658 |
our storyThe blogFAQContact
Top Travel Trends for 2023 - Safari Edition!
Gorilla trekking FAQ, tips & tricks
HomeOur SafarisConservationShop for WildlifeAbout UsBlogContact Us
We envision a world where the wellbeing of nature is at the heart of every decision we make.
Info@wildwonderfulworld.com
Lessons in Conservation: From our year on the road
How we got into conservation
Understanding the threats in our home country and what was being done to mitigate them was one thing, but what about the rest of Africa? There was only one way to find out, and that was to get out there, get involved on the ground and experience for ourselves what conservation in Africa really meant. It was quite funny, at the time, watching the reaction of people when we told them we were leaving to go live in our Land Rover for a year. Friends simply didn't believe us when we told them of our plans and most just thought we were crazy. It didn't stop us though – we knew what we wanted to do and were determined to make it work.
We left South Africa in November 2017, and returned home 393 days and 19,040km later – wide eyed, overwhelmed and more inspired than ever. Our journey took us through Botswana, Namibia, Zimbabwe, Zambia, Malawi, Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda and Rwanda. We travelled as far north as Murchison Falls National Park in Uganda, through desert, rainforest, lakes and some crazy remote places. We worked with all sorts of projects from anti poaching units to community outreach programs, worked with people fighting poaching<|fim_middle|> Orphaned Elephants in Zambia: The Elephant Orphanage Project
We visited the Lilayi Elephant Nursery as part of our visit to Lusaka, something that shouldn't be missed on any Lusaka itinerary!
You've read our recent Gorilla blog and are now itching to go and walk with Africa's great apes, but have some questions about how it all works in practice? Read on…
The best places in Africa to see leopard in the wild
From world renowned private game reserves in South Africa to remote national parks in Zambia and even some secret insight on where you can find the rare black leopard in Kenya, the destinations listed here will give you an extremely high chance of quality leopard viewing in the wild. Our guides at Wild Wonderful World have been lucky to have had these extraordinary experiences throughout Africa and share their insights here, so you too can add some of these special places to your own safari and experience the same incredible sightings for yourselves.
Join the crew!
Click below to sign up for our newsletter, sharing all things Safari & Conservation. We send newsletters out only when we have something special to share, a new journey to experience, a cause to support, or an event we are organising!
You'll be added to our mailing list. You can unsubscribe at any time.
our safarisabout usconservationblogconnect
Financial Protection | Terms & Conditions | Privacy Policy
© 2022 Wild Wonderful World. All Rights Reserved.
Designed and Developed by Moka
This website uses basic cookies to track where our users are coming from. We do not keep or sell your data. Learn more. | , people saving the orphaned wild animals and people working to stop poachers being poachers in the first place. We experienced lows like you can't believe – nothing can ever prepare you for finding your first poached elephant – but incredible highs, too – watching as an orphan elephant whose mother was lost to poachers, take her first steps back into the wild after being lovingly nursed to health and raised for release.
Above: Rangers and keepers at GRI's Elephant Orphange out for the day with the older orphans, helping them learn how to be wild again.
What we learned about Conservation in Africa
Although we had heard stories, it is fair to say now that we never realised the scale of the threats facing wildlife on our continent. Human wildlife conflict, for example, is a major issue outside of South Africa, where fences to protect both wildlife and people, cease to exist. And when people say that natural spaces are disappearing, it means nothing until you drive through a country that once used to be all rainforest and is now 90% farmland. What exacerbates the problem is the sheer size of Africa, her enormous and exponentially growing human population and their resulting ever growing demands on the land.
Reading that, it is almost impossible to imagine anyone at all can do anything to help at this stage but what stood out to us more than anything on our expedition was the incredible people we met along the way who are doing just that – making a difference. Their resilience and passion for continually fighting to save wildlife is nothing short of inspiring. I don't think we will ever be able to eradicate the loss of wildlife and wild areas on our planet, but we can certainly slow it down and the people we met proved exactly that. They taught us that if everyone fights a corner, supports just one project that protects one area, then we stand a chance. So that is what we are going to do to
Tap an image to view full screen
Hi! We're Michelle & Grant, founders of Wild Wonderful World. It's great to have you join us on our mission to inspire, educate and empower in the world of conservation.
Follow us online!
Re-wilding | 442 |
The COPD Foundation is convening a webinar to educate the COPD community on bronchiectasis and NTM lung disease. Join us for An Introduction to Bronchiectasis and NTM on Wednesday, June 20th from 1:00-2:00pm ET. Expert speaker, Dr. Charles Daley from National Jewish<|fim_middle|> the American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine and currently Associate Editor of The European Respiratory Journal. His academic interests include global health policy and clinical and translational research in tuberculosis, NTM infections and bronchiectasis. | Health will provide an overview, covering the agenda items listed below, and answer questions that community members may have. This event is free, at no cost to the participants, but registration is required. Please click here to register for the event and mark your calendars! You will receive an email with connection instructions upon registering.
· What are COPD and bronchiectasis?
o How do they relate?
o How do they differ?
· What causes these conditions?
· What are common symptoms of these conditions?
· How are they diagnosed?
· How do they relate to COPD and bronchiectasis?
· How are NTM treated in these conditions?
o How is treatment similar?
o How is treatment different?
· What resources are available for patients?
Charles L. Daley, M.D.,is Professor of Medicine at National Jewish Health (NJH), the University of Colorado Denver, and Mount Sinai. He is Chief of the Division of Mycobacterial and Respiratory Infections and Director of the Nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) Center of Excellence at NJH. He served as the inaugural Chair of the Bronchiectasis Research Registry and currently Chairs the revision of the ATS/IDSA/ERS/ESCMID NTM guidelines committee. Dr. Daley works closely with the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Stop TB Partnership in the global control of drug-resistant tuberculosis. He is immediate past-Chair of the Strategic and Technical Advisory Group (STAG)-TB for WHO and Chair of the Global Drug Resistance Initiative, a working group of the Stop TB Partnership and advisory body to the WHO Global TB Department. He has served on expert panels for the WHO, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and American Thoracic Society. Dr. Daley has been recognized as one of the "Best Doctors in America" by U.S. News & World Report andCastle Connollyand he received the World Lung Health Award given by the American Thoracic Society. Dr. Daley was previously Associate Editor of | 407 |
SUPPORT LOCAL JOURNALISM. DONATE TO DOWNTOWN NEWSMAGAZINE.
By Lisa Brody
Downtown church building okayed for offices
The former First Church of Christ Scientist at 191 N. Chester was unanimously approved by Birmingham city commissioners at their meeting on Monday, June 25, to become The Jeffrey, an office building which will be redone with three-story glass and a lobby<|fim_middle|>
FROMTHEPUBLISHER
MUNICIPAL VIDEOS
Birmingham Commission
Birmingham Planning
Bloomfield Trustees
Bloomfield Hills Commission
Downtown newsmagazine
© 2021 by Downtown Publications, Inc.
Birmingham, Michigan 48009 | that extends to the property line. The building, a Georgian limestone church first built in 1927, closed a few years ago, although the Christian Science Reading Room, 355 E. Maple in Birmingham, remains open. After it closed, the property was purchased by The Surnow Company in Birmingham, whose founder, Jeffrey Surnow, died in 2014. The renovated building will be called The Jeffrey in his honor. At the meeting on June 25, planning director Jana Ecker said the site had recently been rezoned transition zone 2 (TZ2), and "the owner is looking to convert it from a church building to an office building. They're looking to leave the footprint the same on three sides, except the front. They're looking to take off the front for the lobby and bring an addition to the property line. They then decided to expand the second and third floors," noting that the property slopes, with the first floor in the front actually a lower level in the rear. She said the second floor will enclose the building and expose the roof with glass, and the top floor will enclose and expose another area with glass. "Then the building became over 20,000 square feet," she said, necessitating a community impact study. The new front elevation will do away with several steps in the sidewalk, which Ecker said were not ADA-compliant. "Then they will redo the sidewalk on Willits. There will no longer be steps, and they will add a crosswalk," she said, noting the building will become ADA-compliant. An elevator will be added inside. The Surnow Group is proposing three potential tenants, each with over 3,000 square feet. The church currently has three parking spaces, and Surnow will add eight more, for 11 on site by removing a retaining wall, as well as adding an outdoor patio below grade at the corner of Chester and Willits. "I think it's a beautiful elevation, a beautiful renovation for this building," said commissioner Rackeline Hoff. Mayor pro tem Patty Bordman concurred. "This is a building that has been in Birmingham since 1927. It could have been an icon," she said. "This developer (Sam Surnow) personally went to all of the neighbors to make sure they like the design." "In theory, many of the workers will have to park off-site," pointed out mayor Andy Harris, with city engineer Paul O'Meara confirming there is a waiting list at the nearby Chester parking lot. Ecker said the owners had already procured spaces for workers. "There is definitely a waiting list – we've been on the waiting list for years," noted Surnow. "We currently have 140 spaces. We anticipate approximately 60 people in this building, including visitors, who will pay the daily rate. We've allocated 40 spaces we're currently paying for to this building, plus the 11 on site."
DOWNTOWN: Unrivaled journalism worthy of reader support
A decade ago we assembled a small but experienced and passionate group of publishing professionals all committed to producing an independent newsmagazine befitting the Birmingham/Bloomfield area that, as we like to say, has long defined the best of Oakland County.
We provide a quality monthly news product unrivaled in this part of Oakland. For most in the local communities, we have arrived at your doorstep at no charge and we would like to keep it that way, so your support is important.
Check out our publisher's letter to the community here.
01.21 DIGITAL EDITION
BIRMINGHAM/BLOOMFIELD
FACES:BUSINESS
Register for Downtown's newsletters to receive updates on the latest news, social events and much more!
oakland confidential
metro intelligencer
the covid-19 diary
OAKLANDCONFIDENTIAL | 813 |
Home::Operations::News::Jeppesen Optimizes Crew Pairing for Republic Airline
New service agreement provides Jeppesen Crew Pairing solution to increase crew management efficiency for regional airline
ENGLEWOOD, Colo., Sept. 27, 2017 – Boeing [NYSE: BA], through its subsidiary<|fim_middle|> the company on Instagram, Twitter and YouTube, and connect on Facebook or LinkedIn. | Jeppesen, announced today that Republic Airline has signed a three-year agreement for Jeppesen Crew Pairing for its fleet of Embraer 170s and 175s. This capability transforms data into insight, enabling the airline to optimize its monthly production planning and forecast pairings. Jeppesen Crew Pairing is part of the Boeing AnalytX portfolio of products.
"We look forward to the improvements in both cost savings and maximizing efficiency," said Paul Kinstedt, senior vice president and chief operating officer, Republic Airline. "Having this premier pairing optimizer capability will help us enhance service to our own customers by being ready for quick changes and operational shifts."
Jeppesen Crew Pairing helps control costs, while its flexibility and modeling capabilities allow airlines to adapt to changes caused by flight disruptions, aircraft maintenance and crew availability.
"Jeppesen Crew Pairing uses advanced optimization and data analytics to help the airline better manage their crew operations," said Peter Andersson, vice president, Jeppesen Crew Management. "The Jeppesen suite of products helps airlines strategically meet their operational goals, and this is the first step in providing optimization solutions for Republic Airline."
Boeing Global Services, headquartered in the Dallas area, was formed by integrating the services capabilities of the government, space and commercial sectors into a single, customer-focused business. Operating as a third business unit of Boeing, Global Services provides agile, cost-competitive services to commercial and government customers worldwide.
Republic Airline, based in Indianapolis, operates a fleet of 188 Embraer 170/175 aircraft and offers scheduled passenger service with 900 daily flights to 100 cities in 35 U.S. states, Canada, the Caribbean and Central America. The airline provides fixed-fee flights operated under the major airline partner brands of American Eagle, Delta Connection and United Express. The airline employs about 5,200 aviation professionals. Visit www.rjet.com for more information, follow | 410 |
Life in PortugalSTEAM Education in Portugal: What's All The Buzz About
Are you are familiar with STEM, which in recent years has been the learning approach used in the US, UK and other advanced countries in the world? Well, meet the new kid on the block – STEAM.
In simple words, STEAM is the upgrade and it stands for Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Math. Arguably the most robust learning approach used by educators in the 21st century.
As an educational concept, STEM was introduced in the early 2000s by the National Science Foundation. The central point of this learning approach is to educate students in four specific disciplines — science, technology, engineering and mathematics in an interdisciplinary approach.
With a STEM-based educational approach, students are exposed to real-life situations to help them learn and develop core skills to tackle the challenges of globalization in the 21st century.
Some of the core skills students develop through STEM are;
independent thinking
STEAM as a learning approach was coined by the Rhode Island School of Design. It is designed to help students be:
and develop critical thinking skills
It's an integrated approach to learning that encourages students to think more broadly about real-world problems from an early age. It also reinforces the idea that making mistakes and failure can be productive.
Furthermore, STEAM is also very important because the largest job growth segment in the 21st century requires employees with STE(A)M skills. As it is, there is already a shortage of skilled workers to fill these positions, hence the need to train students and make these skills attractive and accessible to them.
Fastest Growing STEAM Jobs
Doctors, opticians, and dentists
Paramedics, medical and dental technicians
Nurses and midwives
Accountants and Finance Managers
IT and telecommunication professionals
Construction and building trades
Finance and administration roles
Are you thinking of moving to Portugal? Here's a guide to finding a job in Portugal.
STEM vs. STEAM
Over the past years, the STEM learning approach has recorded much success due to the fact that it grounds students in the major skills required for employability in the 21st century.
However, there is an argument that STEM does not allow for much room creative thinking and arts, this where STEAM education has been gaining traction.
The STEAM educational approach merges both analytical and creative thinking to help develop students' imagination, enhance their abilities to innovate, collaborate, and think outside the box.
In addition, students also learn to be flexible and adaptable to the fast-changing environment and labor market.
Looking for an international school for your children? We've made a list of the best in Portugal.
STEAM Education in Portugal
The Portuguese government and education policy leaders have been working on strengthening science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education for many years.
The major reason for this strategy is that STEM skills are critical to fostering economic development and<|fim_middle|> and education (+6%) will see the largest net increase in jobs in the long run" according to PWC. And 1 in 5 jobs in the UK by 2022 will be STEM jobs.
Despite the growing jobs in STEM fields, there is still some reluctance by students to train in these fields. Hence the STEAM approach, which tries to make components of STEM more fun to learn and approachable to kids. The addition of the art component allows students to learn things in a more open-ended way and apply them in real life.
In conclusion, the whole idea of STEAM education is to ensure that, students in this generation are forward-thinking, innovative and creative as well as possess skills that are in demand.
Would you like to know more about Portugal? Sign up to our newsletter.
Education and University | driving innovation. It is also a known fact that STEM graduates have higher employability rates.
Portugal has been ranked as one of the top countries for women in tech. Take a look at the data.
In order to achieve this, the government designed the curriculum in such a way that students are exposed to mathematics, science and technology from the primary school level until higher education.
Furthermore, the government has also set up centers to improve the quality of STEM teaching in order to increase people's interest in science and technology.
While STEAM education, in Portugal, it is still at its infancy, people are becoming increasingly excited by this approach.
For educators who want to learn more about and to understand the STEAM approach, there are frequent workshops. Eekhout Academy sponsors one such of workshops. See here for more details.
Learn about the differences between state schools and private schools in Portugal with our guide.
The STEAM approach
Also, some private schools are already incorporating this approach, the British School of Lisbon is one of such international schools in Lisbon incorporating STEAM education.
The school blends the STEAM learning approach to its national English curriculum with the aim of giving the students a well-rounded learning experience. At this new international school, the students will be learning:
arts with a particular emphasis in music,
maths,
coding,
robotics,
technology from a young age
We've interviewed the headmaster of the British School of Lisbon. Learn about the new school right here.
Importance of STEAM learning
According to the US Department of Education, STEAM related jobs are set to be in more demand over the next decade. It is predicted to increase by over 14%, much higher than averages in all other sectors.
Also alluding to this is the US Bureau of Labour Statistics which says in the next 20 years 80% of jobs will require technical skills.
Statistics in the UK
In the UK, "health (+22%), professional, scientific and technical services (+16%) | 404 |
The University of Oulu in Northern Finland, with approximately 14,000 students and 3,000 employees, is an international, multidisciplinary research university with a rich pool of creative and intellectual talent. The strengths of the University include broad, multidisciplinary research interests, a modern research and study environment, and wide cooperation with international research and educational institutes (http://www.oulu.fi/university/).
The position is located at the Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine (FBMM) (http://www.oulu.fi/fbmm/), whose mission is to perform internationally significant research and to deliver high-level undergraduate and postgraduate education in the fields of biochemistry and molecular medicine. The Faculty's research focus areas are cell-extracellular matrix, protein science and cellular regulatory and metabolic networks and related diseases. Research at the Faculty is carried out in 14<|fim_middle|> make rationale interventions to halt or reverse symptoms of the disease, including cell-based therapy. The research focus for the position will be structural and functional studies of BM proteins.
The details of the research project will be mutually agreed upon, based on the qualifications, interests, and expertise of the candidate.
The position is funded by the Academy of Finland. The duration of the PhD studies is 4 years and the funded position ends on August 31, 2022. After this, funding will be jointly applied to extend the contract. The starting date is May 1, 2019, or as soon as possible thereafter.
The successful applicant must hold a MSc degree biochemistry, or a related field. Candidates who have completed required courses and whose MSc thesis will be submitted by May 1st 2019 will also be eligible (thesis submission must be confirmed by the faculty/department). The thesis must be graded before the work contract can start.
· The applicant must fulfill the criteria for admission to UniOGS: http://www.oulu.fi/uniogs/requirements_for_admission.
· Fluent oral and written English skills as well as good communication and teamwork skills are required.
· As part of the FBMM, duties may also include supervising scientific research of BSc, and MSc students. Participation in teaching within the faculty curriculum is expected.
· A four-month trial period will be effective in the beginning of the contract.
The salary is in accordance with the University salary system (for teaching and research personnel) levels 2-4. In addition, there is a share increase at most, 50% of the base salary, which is based on personal achievements and performance. The salary is in practice roughly 2,300 – 3,100 € / month, depending on qualifications, performance, and progress of the PhD studies.
Applications, together with all relevant enclosures, must be submitted using the electronic application system by 11.3.2019. Applications sent by email will not be considered. (https://rekry.saima.fi/certiahome/open_job_view.html?did=5600&jc=1&id=00006877&lang=en).
The top candidates for the post may be interviewed and asked to present their scientific work and experience. | research groups. The Faculty has ~200 employees, and approximately half of them are from abroad. Together with Biocenter Oulu (http://www.oulu.fi/biocenter/), the Faculty has put a great effort towards building a cutting-edge research infrastructure that includes state-of-the-art instrumentation for imaging, gene-modified mice, X-ray crystallography, and quantitative biochemistry. The Faculty has extensive collaborative national and international networks including Biocenter Finland and the ESFRI projects Instruct, EuroBioimaging, and Infrafrontier. We also partner in EU-Biostruct-X and Marie Curie Renaltract ITN and organize EMBO workshops and international symposia. The research group has well-established international collaborative networks and frequent access to synchrotron radiation.
Basement membranes (BM) are complex networks, comprising many essential and often large multi-domain proteins. BM are involved in embryo development, tissue homeostasis and in a wide range of disease states including tumour angiogenesis, fibrosis, nervous system injury etc. BM proteins are poorly studied at the structural level. This lack of structural data inhibits not only our understanding of the normal physiology of BM, but also our understanding of the pathology of a wide range of disease states and our ability monitor disease progression and to | 267 |
The most important timeout for the Miami Heat in Game 2 of the NBA Finals came in the third quarter. And it was not because of anything coach Erik Spoelstra said.
Instead, it was the intense, almost anguished, look on the face of 40-year-old Udonis Haslem. The Heat veteran who is twice as old as Miami's youngest player, rookie Tyler Herro, lit into his teammates for their effort, mostly on the defensive end, as the Lakers, for the second straight game, were getting just about anything they wanted underneath when they weren't launching wide-open 3 pointers.
Haslem had a scowl on his face as emphatically waved his arm and turned to make sure every teammate heard his pleas. No one was exempt. Later, he was caught by ABC cameras burying his head in his hands.
Haslem's voice resonated because something clicked. Still, the undermanned Heat could never make a serious run, digging their hole in this series just a little deeper on Friday night.
You never got the feeling the Heat were being overwhelmed, as they were in Game 1, but you never got the feeling they were going to win.
"Maybe he should just start the game off cussing people out," Jimmy Butler said about Haslem.
More:NBA Finals: Five takeaways from Miami Heat's 124-114 loss to Los Angeles Lakers
The Heat's season is on the brink Sunday in Game 3 after the Lakers' 124-114 victory in Game 2. Fall behind 0-3 and this bubble will burst. And although the outcome probably is inevitable, the Heat still were within nine points in the fourth quarter of Game 2 playing without two of their best players, center Bam Adebayo and point guard Goran Dragic.
Butler, who led the Heat with 25 points and played 45 minutes, did not sugarcoat where Miami has to improve after the Game 1 embarrassment and falling short in Game 2.
"We know that we still have yet to rebound the basketball," Butler said. "When you're giving guys two or three shots to put the ball in the basket, eventually one of them is going to go in.
"We didn't rebound, we didn't get back. Same thing as the first game. Eventually, we have to fix it."
Spoelstra was more to the point.
"We don't give a s--- what everybody else thinks," he said. "What will it take? Whatever is necessary. Simple as that. If you want something badly enough, you'll figure it out. Our group is stubborn, persistent, and we just need to figure out how to overcome this opponent."
Butler gave a sanitized summation of Haslem's rant: "Play harder, empty the tank."
But he knows that is just the start.
"That's what we're going to have to do if we're down two stars like Bam and Goran," he said. "We got to do it from the jump. It shouldn't take him telling us to do that. We got to play damn near perfect in order to beat those guys over there. We've yet to do it, and if we don't do it soon, it's not going to be pretty."
Spoel<|fim_middle|>, not just in this series, but some would argue – with all due respect to Giannis Antetokounmpo – on the planet.
Anthony Davis and LeBron James are combining for 62 points, 22.5 rebounds and 12 assists. And they are shooting 59 percent. Davis has been unstoppable with 34 and 32 points and the ageless LeBron does what he wants when he wants, whether that's score or set up his teammates.
Even with Miami having its full complement, the Lakers have the best two players in this series, which is why they entered an overwhelming favorite.
Take away two of Miami's top three players and this becomes a series in which the only question is whether the Lakers win the next two or get so bored the Heat are able to steal one.
"We're never giving up," Butler said. "We're going to fight and we're going to ride with this thing until the wheels fall off. It's not over. We're just down 0-2, so we got to do something special. We're capable of it and I wouldn't want to be in the trenches with any other guys except for the ones that we have."
I would not expect Butler to say anything less. And this is a team that has proven it will fight in the trenches. But sometimes there just is not much you can do. | stra was more encouraged following this game, setting the stage for an intense film study on Saturday. He pointed out the obvious that the Heat were much more competitive than they were in the series opener, a game in which they fell behind by 32 points in the third quarter.
But that is not enough. Like Butler said, this team must dig deeper defensively, and on the boards, whether or not Dragic and/or Adebayo return, which will not be known for either until closer to game time.
The Lakers are bigger and have been more physical. They had a 44-37 rebounding edge in Game 2, not horrible, but a 16-6 advantage on the offensive boards. And they were shooting 57 percent through three quarters before both teams looked fatigued and started missing open shots in the fourth quarter.
Still, L.A. finished at 50.5 percent from the field.
But here's the thing. Sometimes a team is just so undermanned nothing it does will matter. And without Bam (neck strain) and Goran (plantar fascia tear), Miami goes from an underdog with a fighting chance to one that has to fight just to keep the games competitive and acknowledge losing in the Finals, even if it is swept, does not take away from a strange but satisfying season.
The Lakers have the best two players | 282 |
This stone built cottage is the original property on the 130 acre Tapada do Falcao Estate. It lies some 500 metres up a track off the drive to the main house, and is totally hidden from view. It has been sympathetically renovated and furnished with traditional hand painted furniture. It abounds in rustic charm and has wonderful views from its terrace. It may be let separately or in conjunction with the larger Tapada do Falcao (see separate listing).
The cottage lies within 130 acres of woodland and pastureland abounding with cork oaks, eucalyptus and umbrella pines. Indigenous shrubs and flowers flourish in their natural state. A small vineyard was planted in 2000. From the wild flower garden and terrace of the cottage are wonderful rural views over hills and valleys. There is a tennis court on the estate which cottage occupants share with the main house. Despite its peaceful and secluded position, it is possible to walk to the small local village in under 10 minutes.
There is a wood burning stove and additional gas-powered portable heater.
There is a lot of space around the cottage for exploring, but no formal garden.
Peaceful terrace with table and umbrella, offering wonderful views across the countryside to the vineyard.
There is a tennis court on the estate which you are welcome to use.
The living area of the cottage has a vast Alentejan fireplace containing a wood burning stove (free logs). One single bed is located on a sleeping gallery above the dining area and is reached by a sturdy, fixed ladder. It therefore lacks a certain amount of privacy and is not suitable for the elderly or the very young. There is a tennis court on the estate and occupants of the cottage share its use with those in the main house.
The property is ancient, rustic and peaceful, nestled down a long track away from the main house. The four of us - Mum, Dad, 21 year old and 14 year old felt the house accommodated us comfortably. Jaoa the caretaker spoke fabulous English, and gave us great advice. The information folder and leaflets in the cottage were also invaluable. The kitchen was adequately kitted out so we often cooked at home. Eating out was reasonably cheap and great value, as well as serving excellent food. One thing definitely needed is a car, to enjoy the region fully. The cottage doesn't have a pool, but the nearby municipal pools were gorgeous, and very well maintained. We made the mistake of hiring bikes from the estate in August, forgetting about the thirty five degree heat! However the bikes were really well maintained, so they would be have been great at any other times of the year.
Thank you so much for taking the time to write this review. We are so pleased you enjoyed the cottage and the surrounding area and hope to welcome you back sometime!
The property was as described on the website. Facilities were quite basic but it had everything you need<|fim_middle|> short, an impression reinforced by the almost deserted and excellent roads. These have been transformed since my last visit to rural Portugal in the 1990s. Elvas is easy to get to and well worth a visit, Evora is quite close and the Spanish border is very near. Much is written about Portuguese drivers but they are about on a par with others in southern Europe?sometimes slightly psychopathic, but fine if you keep out of the way! It's worth checking out the Via Verde electronic toll system, which hire companies will activate for you when you pick up your car for a small extra charge. We found it worked very well. You don't need it on the motorway from Lisbon, but if you want to go further afield you might encounter one of the new electronic-only toll routes. There's plenty of information on the web about it. Have a great stay! We did.
This lovely cottage is, according to the charming and fluently English property manager Joao, 300 years old and the house where he was born. It is an absolutely charming cottage with many artifacts from its past eg.a bread slip, a shepherd's crook hung from the walls. The lovely large fireplace kept us warm in the evenings (April) as we relaxed in the spacious living/dining room. The bedrooms are adequate in size and comfortable. The kitchen is well equipped. The bathroom offers a shower but lacks a tub . . . not a great inconvenience for us but may be a consideration for others.
We enjoyed many a peaceful hour out on the patio nibbling egg tarts and local cheese, sipping port or the wonderful, full bodied wine from our hosts vineyard. A vineyard, I'd like to add that provided me with many gorgeous photos taken from this very same vantage point . . . an absolutely wonderful view.
It takes only minutes to get to Portalegre for shopping, sightseeing or a meal out. We found many lovely hill towns to see and trails to walk in the area.
We really enjoyed this restful retreat after long days of sightseeing and hiking. If you go in the spring an abundance of gum sistra and wildflowers awaits you.
A very peaceful location, with wonderful views and a 'sun trap' terrace! Fantastic walking routes which were well signed, all offering something different. Many local attractions.
Portalegre offers good amenities, large supermarkets and good value for money. To get by, you do need to speak a little portuguese though!
The cottage offered spacious accommodation, loads of hot water and cooking facilities. The wood burning stove and bottle of home produced wine offered warmth on the cooler nights! The only negative comment is that the blankets could do with a little upgrading and the addition of a microwave would be useful, but this did not spoil our enjoyment at all.
Would recommend to others looking for rustic charm, peace and excellent touring opportunities.
Casa do Outeiro is situated on the Tapada do Falcao estate, on the edge of the village of Caia and about 8 kilometres from the town of Portalegre. The estate lies on the fringes of the Sao Mamede Natural Park and close to the border with Spain.
This is one of the most beautiful and unspoilt corners of Portugal. The area is steeped in history and there are many castles and other ancient remains to visit. On the doorstep is the Sao Mamede Natural Park, a haven for many of Europe's rarest birds and animals. There are a number of dams and reservoirs for swimming, as well as outdoor public pools. | , was comfortable and had great charm and character. The booking process was very straightforward and the owner was very helpful, replying very quickly to email enquiries in a nice friendly manner. Directions to the property were very clear, but it's very easy to get to and we took our own route, seeing some interesting countryside on the way. The caretaker's son, who speaks flawless English, was extremely welcoming and helpful when we arrived; indeed, people we met everywhere were charming and friendly. The casa was very secluded and private with a lovely view across the owner's vineyard to distant hills. Eagles, bee-eaters and nightjars were plentiful?the area is famed for its birdlife. Sitting under the vine on the terrace during the heat of the day, with or without a glass of wine, was very relaxing, and the night sky was spectacular. We didn't eat out but got to know the local supermarkets pretty well. They were extremely well-stocked with everything you could possibly want and had a massive selection of excellent Portuguese wines. The owner's wine is also very good if you enjoy red?there was a complimentary bottle when we arrived. There are many interesting and picturesque hill villages and towns in the immediate area, which are delightful to explore, as well as plenty of Roman and megalithic remains. This part of Portugal is less visited than most so there were no crowds and the atmosphere was tranquil. Distances to various historic towns further afield always seemed surprisingly | 298 |
World first as Bell Burnell pulsar chart
goes on display
Iconic object exhibited for first time, alongside works by Isaac Newton and Stephen Hawking
By Stuart Roberts
Jocelyn Bell (Burnell) pictured working at the Four Acre Array in 1967. Image courtesy of Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory.
The chart which captures the moment pulsars were discovered by Dame Jocelyn Bell Burnell has gone on display for the first time – on International Women's Day – in an exhibition marking the 200th<|fim_middle|>, and would encourage original research in Cambridge.
"This one extraordinary society shaped modern science as we know it today and reflected a changing Cambridge University as well – all against the backdrop of a profound social and intellectual transformation, from early Victorian times, through the world wars, to the present day."
Dr Susannah Gibson
Discovery opens to the public from Friday, March 8, 2019 and runs until August 31, 2019 in the Milstein Exhibition Centre at Cambridge University Library. Entry is free.
Exhibition video courtesy of @SimonHallNews | anniversary of the Cambridge Philosophical Society (CPS).
Jocelyn Bell (Burnell) pictured at the Mullard Radio Observatory in 1967 with the pulsar chart, left. Image courtesy of the Cavendish Laboratory.
Discovery: 200 Years of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, which runs from March 8-August 31, 2019 at Cambridge University Library, charts two centuries of the Society's key role in some of the most significant scientific advances of the day, including Darwin's theory of evolution, Cambridge's first Nobel Prize winner Lord Rayleigh's seminal work on waves, and the birth of 'Big Data' experiments from the 19th century.
Image detail from 'On the Fishes of Madeira', from the Transactions of the CPS, 1838.
The Society's fellowship included many Nobel Prize winners and some of the most important scientific figures of the 19th and 20th century, and helped to turn Cambridge from a scientific backwater into the world-famous centre for research it is today, with 107 Nobel Prize winners to its name.
One of the most fascinating collections going on display are hundreds of anthropometric cards (pictured) which, from 1884-1904, collected huge amounts of information on more than 11,000 Cambridge University students – including the physicist Ernest Rutherford and the economist John Maynard Keynes.
The parallels with today's Big Data movement are brought into focus with the inclusion of 21st century research relating to psychometric data from social media sites such as Facebook.
Also going on display in Discovery:
Darwin's personal first edition of On the Origin of Species and his correspondence with key scientists of the age.
Newton's annotated copy of Principia Mathematica.
Lord Rayleigh's home-made equipment for his pioneering work on wave propagation.
Natural history objects including a salamander fossil once believed to be the skeletonised remains of a Biblical-era human.
A minute book recording the first definitive proof that Einstein's Theory of Relativity was correct.
The world's first plasticised plant – used in the research of the capture mechanism of insectivorous plants.
Display by Dr Harriet Groom (Henslow Fellow) in the Entrance Hall of Cambridge University Library.
Discovery runs from March 8 to August 31, 2019 at Cambridge University Library's Milstein Exhibition Room.
Iridescent beetles from the collection of Lord Rayleigh, courtesy of the Rayleigh family.
"The story of Jocelyn Bell Burnell's discovery of pulsars is an iconic moment in 20th century science – and we are thrilled beyond measure to be the first to display this legendary object as part of Discovery.
"The history of women scientists is often hidden, but female scientists were active throughout the 19th and 20th century, undertaking ground-breaking research and changing the world around us in the same way the CPS has. It's especially fitting that Dame Jocelyn's pulsar chart will go on display for the very first time on International Women's Day."
Dr Jessica Gardner, Cambridge University Librarian
Image and exhibition object courtesy of the Churchill Archives Centre.
"From its inception, the Society placed Cambridge at the centre of the scientific universe. It encouraged the globalisation of science, drawing speakers from overseas, and establishing an international journal exchange programme.
"To keep members up to date with the latest field research, letters were read out at meetings from scientists working in far-flung countries, most famously Charles Darwin on the Voyage of the Beagle.
"The ongoing programme of public lectures continues to this day. In the exhibition we have a letter to Einstein which talks of having to turn hundreds of people away, such was the clamour to attend them."
CPS President, Professor Simon Conway-Morris
Also going on display is a copy of Mary Somerville's famous 1834 work On the connexion of the physical sciences. Somerville was a polymath, scientist and writer and this book became one of the best-selling science books of the 19th century.
Yet despite her fame and ability, Mary (pictured) was not permitted to join the CPS. The Society finally allowed women to become full fellows in 1929.
As well as works of great scientific renown, Discovery also puts on display some rather curious objects including desiccated strawberry crabs, iridescent beetles, and stuffed birds.
Other unusual objects include a giant cast of a fossil surface from Newfoundland, used to research the earliest animal life on earth, and head callipers used to measure the size of a subject's head and distance between their eyes.
Image courtesy of Somerville College, Oxford.
As part of the bicentenary celebrations, a new book by Dr Susannah Gibson The Spirit of Inquiry has been published, bringing to life the many remarkable episodes and illustrious figures associated with the Society.
"In 1819, Adam Sedgwick and John Stevens Henslow began to dream of a new scientific society for Cambridge. This society would bring together like-minded young men who wished to learn of the latest science from overseas | 1,054 |
Wireless Industry Attorneys Stacking Up on NoDoz, Frozen Pizzas
August 21, 2009 at 7:30 am PT
Next week looks to be a painful one for big American wireless carriers. The Federal Communications Commission has announced its agenda for Thursday's Open Commission meeting and it implies some long days ahead for wireless industry attorneys.
Among the issues to be discussed: The state of competition in the wireless market, carrier handset vendor-exclusivity deals like those between Apple (AAPL) and AT&T (T), fee-setting and "truth in billing."
Also likely topics of discussion: Apple's recent rejection of Google Voice from its App Store and why Google (GOOG) doesn't support a full version of Skype for its Android mobile OS.
It<|fim_middle|> Communications Commission, fee setting, Google, Google Voice, hardware, innovation, Internet, John Paczkowski, mobile OS, Obama administration, Open Commission meeting, Skype, T, telecom, trade association, truth in billing, vendor exclusivity, wireless, wireless carriers | 's not clear what will come of the meeting, though given the Obama administration's intention to ratchet up scrutiny of antitrust issues, it's likely that the inquiries proposed will be approved by FCC commissioners.
The wireless industry is already gritting its teeth in preparation. "We're excited and we look forward to responding to the commission's round of inquiries," said Christopher Gutman-McCabe, vice president of regulatory affairs for CTIA, the wireless industry's trade association. "We're looking forward to educating not just the Commission but other policy makers about the evolution of the industry and the innovation that's occurring, not just by carriers but across the ecosystem."
Tagged with: AAPL, agenda, Android, App Store, Apple, AT&T. GOOG, carrier exclusivity, carriers, Christopher Gutman-McCabe, commissioners, competition, CTIA, digital, FCC, Federal | 181 |
Dairy cooperative welcomes end to tariffs on Canada, Mexico
Edge co-op says U.S. action will remove key trade roadblock
Brody Stapel
Edge Dairy Farmer Cooperative, one of the largest dairy co-ops in the country, issued the following statement today after a deal was announced to end U.S. tariffs on steel and aluminum imports from Canada and Mexico.
This statement is from Brody Stapel, president of Edge and a dairy farmer from eastern Wisconsin.
"This is certainly good news for our dairy farmers and processors. Ending these tariffs will remove a roadblock to free and fair trade with two important partners, particularly Mexico, which is by far the biggest buyer of our dairy products.
"We hope this also signals that the proposed USMCA trade pact between the countries will get the full support of Congress. That deal is critical to the long-term success of the U.S<|fim_middle|> our farmers are feeling the strain. Lifting the tariffs will help ease the long-term pain."
About Edge:
Edge Dairy Farmer Cooperative provides dairy farmers throughout the Midwest with a powerful voice — the voice of milk — in Congress, with customers and within their communities. Edge, based in Green Bay, Wis., is one of the top cooperatives in the country based on milk volume. For more information, visit voiceofmilk.com. | . dairy community, so we cannot stress enough the importance of our lawmakers in both parties getting behind USMCA as soon as possible. Edge Dairy Farmer Cooperative will continue to work aggressively with lawmakers to see it through.
"President Trump and U.S. trade negotiators deserve credit for moving to resolve the issues that are keeping America's hard-working dairy farmers from receiving the full benefits of doing business internationally. Exports play a key role in the future milk price. Under today's depressed milk prices and higher production costs, | 103 |
Budget friendly! Avenelle Wilderness Canvas and Nylon Camping Hammock good design By Freeport Park. Avenelle Wilderness Canvas and Nylon Camping Hammock very well made, sleek and simple. Complete your living room furniture with a modern Avenelle Wilderness Canvas and Nylon Camping Hammock. Its graceful sturdy, attractivce and it looks expensive and a best value for the money. Avenelle Wilderness Canvas and Nylon Camping Hammock is one of the most homy, cozy, nice look and exotic Avenelle Wilderness Canvas and Nylon Camping Hammock especially for the price and made of awesome products. Great quality, easy to assemble, delivery on time and in good condition. Avenelle Wilderness Canvas and Nylon Camping Hammock is good merchandise at fair prices and amazing free shipping. Guarantee damaged claim by offering to send parts or to keep the item at a discounted price. Great buy would definitely recommend. Shop with our low-price guarantee and find great deals on ##ptitle# and more!. Reading the reviews helped you purchase.
Everybody appreciates being soaked on your couch by the time you unwind. This recommends the comfort and ease and also the character of the couches are essential. No one loves to sit on a menacing and uncomfortable sofa with frayed upholstery. In fact, sofas are costly. If you are searching which are more comfy and comfortable cars, in those days you must purchase them. I have seen regularly that people purchase the incorrect sofa after emptying your bank account onto it. Why? Basically, they do not understand how to choose the fantastic Ashley furnishings sofa in the best way. Remember that the higher the cost, it always doesn't provide you with the CORRECT item. With this situation, we have found a portion of the best couches for a comfy feeling. We advise you realize before you get towards the super rich furniture stores. You'll steer clear of issues and a little bit of "grieve over fortune-bad luck".
This suits you if all you need is an attractive trainer. It's designed with a flared body and pillow top amrests in a awesome cobblestone gray. Now, it has resilient froth cushions which are wrapped up in in a rayon upholstery to create the desired comfort and ease. It features a durable part blocked body that increases the sturdiness. Also, the feet are in a faux wood finish. We have an impressive gray colour that suits with any decor. Its dimensions are 89 T x 39 Deb by 40 They would therefore big enough to support you together with your family/buddies. More to the point, it arrives fully assembled. This protects you the pain of having to put together the set.
When it comes to buying living room furniture, leather-based is definitely a good option. Not only does it look good with most styles, but its extremely durable (it is the ideal material for any home with children or animals) and its ultra-easy to clean, too. The downside of leather La'Stratta Aluminum Dining Table? It may have a much higher price tag than material, microfiber or fake leather La'Stratta Aluminum Dining Table. This reclining loveseat remains a budget-pleasant option because of one genius trick: its sitting area is upholstered with leather-based, while the attributes are upholstered with increased inexpensive fake leather-based. That means you get the appear and feel of the full leather loveseat without the significant price tag. Make use of the lever around the loveseats equip to kick back and take it easy on its higher-density froth filling, and think about all the money held on. This specific loveseat comes with an additional bonus: expert set up will come in many locations of the country for the next charge.
This established features a 1 remaining arm sofa set, two armless sofa sets, and something part sofa set. This provides enough room to support your friends and relations. The material is 100Percent rayon for enough durability and comfort. The good thing about this sofa set may be the matching and mixing of chairs in the space within the room for any perfect form. And also allows for fitting even just in small rooms. It requires just mild putting together.Additionally, it features push soft cushions for maximum comfort. You might want to try this established. It works nicely.
English rolled equip couches are additional comfy thanks to the large, soft cushions at the back and for the seats. Reduced hands are comfortable for lying down and also the uncovered thighs keep this couch design from sensation overweight or impacting. It actually came from in the change of the century and can be associated with some thing usual for the English countryside. Distinguishing characteristics usually consist of reduced uncovered legs, gentle, large soft cushions, a good back and recessed hands. Though it may be regarded as a vintage design, it's also an ideal addition to a contemporary space because of its comfy and versatile appear.
This RTA loveseat offers various kinds of furniture with respect to the material. That significantly incorporates bed linen and purple velvet. Sophisticated tones, Marzipan, Stoneware-Light tan and Rye-Dark brown improve the style of the couch. Select the covering and the materials that depends on the stylistic design of your living space. Not just the shading, the material may also mirror the main difference in style. Make sure that the material you select matches the concept of your room. This loveseat ballots in support of combining the present style with an excellent design. It has been increased by the hands that start to feed the sofa. With this mix, you simply see improved comfort and tasteful<|fim_middle|> up to 8 in . mattress. That on your own lets you know how comfortable the established can be. Notably, it doesn't include a mattress. So you may need to purchase one. The trundle includes a castor to enable quick access. You may even pull the trundle for people to sit on. Simply to mention, it should take putting together, but again its very easy to assemble.
The good thing that compensates for the lost time the consideration from the purchasers is its style effortlessly. Only for the look of the upholstery, you receive a nice and stylish atmosphere. It comes in wealthy solid covering, imitating as amazing formal attire. While keeping a respectable stature, the fabric upholstery could be washed effortlessly. You shouldn't regret following generating a cup of drink in your nice couch. You just need to clean the spot for ever and ever precisely when it hits the upholstery. Despite the fact that great reputation comes with delicacy, it's not the problem right here. This incredible couch is fed having a shape development of wood. You're much more reluctant to listen to squeaks and wobbling sounds.
This extremely-stylish, high-sovereign sofa is designed to assistance reducing-edge lounge innovation. It's created as a 2-piece sectional sofa combined with an attractive chair. It also offers cellular armrests and advantageous back again assistance. The gorgeous tapestry is finished with darkish false leather-based, securely tufted. You are able to feel at ease padding with froth inside the seat cushions. This guarantees a fragile sensation when you rest following a boring day. The sofa is reinforced with wood advantage engrossed in darkish synthetic leather. Fake tufted leather-based and strong pine give severe glare. It is true that it requires another appear because it is more expensive of computer truly seems to be. Talking about size, its large! This is exactly what adds much more stars to this set. The peak can also be impressive for tall and brief people.
Copyright © Avenelle Wilderness Canvas and Nylon Camping Hammock By Freeport Park in Patio Dining Tables All right reserved. | design when lights the patches.
When it comes to purchasing room furniture, leather is always a smart option. It doesn't only look great with most styles, but its very durable (it is the ideal material for a home with kids or animals) and its extremely-easy to clean, too. The downside of leather furniture? It can have a higher price tag than material, microfiber or fake leather furniture. This reclining loveseat stays a financial budget-friendly choice due to 1 genius trick: its sitting area is upholstered with leather-based, while the sides are upholstered with more affordable faux leather-based. That means you get the appear and feel of the full leather-based loveseat with no hefty price tag. Use the lever on the loveseats arm to kick back and relax on its higher-density froth filling, and consider the money you saved. This specific loveseat posseses an additional reward: expert set up will come in many locations of the nation for the next charge.
This sofa is appreciated for its distinctive style and comfort. Its impressive pazazz-arm sofa with seats provides you with optimum room for stretching and relaxing in your room. So generally the contemporary sofa chaise increases the great thing about this established. The set includes cushion leading hands cushioned back again and seats for maximum comfort. The couch also includes a large part-obstructed wood body that gives the sofa sufficient toughness. The sofa steps 89 inches wide x 62 inches in depth x 4 inches in height making it suitable for moderate dimension areas. You may need to do small putting together for example from the legs.
8.Wrought Iron Dining Table By H&D Restaurant Supply Inc.
The term here is the comfort and ease and complicated look. This established has a tufted back rest and nail mind accent that provides the subtle look. Its gray color adds to its remarkable appear. It may fit | 380 |
Samsung Galaxy A8 for £10 best deal start from £32.87 per month, best offer is on o2 unlimited minutes & text with 5gb data for £32.87 per month over 36 months.
Today, We have compared with one online retailer in the UK that brings<|fim_middle|> reduces your effective cost of the overall contract but doesn't effect on your monthly payments. Few retailers may have shown it as discounted monthly line rental but we have shown it separately to make it clearer. | around 30 pay monthly Galaxy A8 Black deals. And you can choose from 0 different pay monthly networks for 12 and 24 and 30 and 36 months of contract length.
You can also compare Samsung Galaxy A8 contract deals on any particulat tariff by following the link with-in offer details, or choose Samsung Galaxy A8 best deals by network using options below.
Samsung Galaxy A8 Contract refers to handset and tariff plan deals sold by network including monthly allowances of call minutes, texts and internet data. In these deals you pay the handset cost in installments over the period of contract duration.
We compare all the Samsung Galaxy A8 deals, offered by networks and retailers in the online UK market. As we have found direct offers from network providers like EE, O2, Vodafone etc are rarely competitive to resellers. If you were purchasing phones directly from networks, you may be surprised by these prices.
You may have found few contracts on Samsung Galaxy A8, inclusive a cashback. It can be redeemable or automatic in nature. It | 218 |
New Knowledge About Human Head Revealed, Via Anatomical Network Analysis
Medgadget Editors News
At the Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology of the University of Valencia, researchers have been studying the anatomy of the human head in a unique way, revealing the modularity of the musculoskeletal system and its evolutionary origins. The quantitative technique is called anatomical network analysis (AnNA) and using a computer it maps all sorts of meeting points and interactions between different anatomical components of the head.
The team discovered that the head is broken down into ten different modules, each of which seems to have evolved mostly independently of the other ones.
As [lead researcher Diego Rasskin Gutman] explains, each skull "generated a network model in<|fim_middle|> dependences between bones associated with masticatory muscles and which would not associate otherwise (jaw to parietal, temporal and occipital) as well as inner ear bones.
Moreover, muscle modules "show left/right independence of orofacial muscles (mouth and face) from the upper face muscles. This allows greater flexibility in facial expression for we are able to move facial muscles on either side separately", he explains.
Study in Scientific Reports: Anatomical networks reveal the musculoskeletal modularity of the human head
Press release: University of Valencia researchers first to describe the modular anatomical structure of the human head | which each bone was represented as the network node and each physical articulation (contact), as a connection. Thus, each skull was modelled as a 0-1 matrix with each connection being a 1. This matrix served to analyse the network attributes, which could in turn be compared to other generic network properties".
By using AnNa, which enables the analysis of bones and muscles at the same time, new cranial functional dependences have been uncovered, because muscles —associated to movements— link separate bones. For example, as the researcher points out, the lower jaw / inner ear module shows | 120 |
Artist Jasmin Lim Experiments With Visual Perception
Mobius Wave, by Jasmin Lim
"I think of myself as an artist who experiments with photography," asserts Jasmin Lim.
She has produced an original and imaginative body of work to support that claim, going back to her days at the experimental Independent School of Art. A graduate of the Visual Arts program at San Francisco State University, Jasmin explores the relationship between the logic of the camera and our own visual perception, raising transhumanist themes of redefining human capacities and human nature through technology. "The camera made me start thinking about what it is we are able to see<|fim_middle|> her works are documents of her sculptures, the final art object is usually the photograph. But Jasmin has also made videos, and with "Untitled (Persona Case Study)" she is premiering a window installation at Artists' Television Access for the month of August. "It's about the writer Laura Albert who published fiction under the pseudonym JT LeRoy and then was attacked in the American media after she was revealed to be the author. I've combed through innumerable texts from the popular media, the blogworld, zines, journals, as well as artwork inspired by her, ephemera from her experience in group homes as a teenager, and other texts that are not directly related but address similar themes about identity formation and different types of "truth" — literal and figurative. I've tried to show a more dimensional and nuanced representation of her story, and I've still only scratched the surface. But I'm hoping that the diversity of these materials will suggest to people that there is so much more to understand about her story and her art."
Tags: Aesthetics, art, Artists, cognitive processing, Independent School of Art, Jasmin Lim, Laura Albert, Perception, Philosophy, Philosophy of mind, San Francisco State University, Sculpture, Visual arts
Uncategorized | R.U. Sirius | 19 August 2011 | | with our own sensory systems and how perception is mediated and distorted. As well as what our limitations are and what kinds of tools enable us to understand more complex substructures. All of my works question the cognitive processes that we use to conceptualize the world. I focus on visual perception because it takes up at least a quarter of our cognitive processing, about 25 percent of brain real estate. I try to illustrate that perceptions are not fixed."
Jasmin's approach is epitomized by her memorable "Mobius Wave", in which her photograph of the ocean is reinvented as a sculpture of a mobius wave. She relinquishes the fixed orientation that is ordinarily dictated by the photographic frame and replaces it with a continuous one-sided surface, in an almost tactile evocation of the endless interconnectedness of the world's waters. And just as all these waters reflect and suggest each other, so too does the Mobius Wave involve multiple versions of itself. "The final object is the photograph of the sculpture, which is simultaneously a two-dimensional photograph, a document of a sculpture in three dimensions, and a document of an event, because it was a temporary sculpture, giving it the fourth dimension of time."
Although many of | 244 |
Today I was not sure what I wanted to paint but was in the mood to do something. I thought of some kawaii characters but was not sure where to begin or what theme to go for. So I started off by a few drops of Ecoline ink (#205 in Yellow and #600 in Green) on some mixed media paper.
Then I just started getting into the groove but with little direction. But what an adventure! I began adding layers of scraped lilac paint (Laidback Lilac by Dylusions), rubber stamp imprints, collages from bits of origami paper and cutouts from a Japanese-language newsletter and stencilled ink. Then a spritz of ink spray (in London Blue) on the bottom left corner.
So far so cool but what next? My original thought was to draw some kawaii characters like<|fim_middle|> the paper, carefully making sure that the shapes would enclose the prettiest bits. I did regret a little using white gesso in the end and wished I had retained some of the bright colours but figured I could make up for it later by layering more colourful details on top.
Not having an idea as to the background, I thought I'd experiment using some grey. In the past I did a flower painting using black paper called Midnight Blossoms, and it came out really nice, so I thought it might be nice to try grey as well. I used Dylusions acrylic paint in Slate Grey, and I must say it looks quite chic. Also liked the way this paint could be applied on directly on paper and gives an even and opaque coverage, which was my intention.
I cleaned up the outlines a bit by repainting them. At this stage, I was not sure if I should leave the painting as it is or add more layers on top with more ink stamps and collages. Decided to take the risk and glued a number of flower-shaped cutouts from some origami paper . Unfortunately, I placed a large sized one where the biggest flower is but I didn't like how it overwhelmed the painting so I covered it up and painted over it. You can still see the patterns below, but that is fine because they manage to blend in with the original background. As for the rest, the cut-outs were well positioned and discreet as they were placed in the background so blended in better. I also used some ink stamps in orange, pink and blue. And here we are! | little girl doing something but not sure if the snazzy background suited that. So I thought, why not flowers? I liked the vivid colourfulness and thought that flowers would be a better fit. After a light layer of white gesso, I began outlining some flowers and hearts in magenta paint randomly around | 62 |
GM has filed an application to register "Ultra Cruise" as a trademark with the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO), GM Authority has discovered.
The automaker's September 20th, 2018 filing is assigned serial number 88125202, and specifies that the mark<|fim_middle|>ruise snooze. Why can't they put that steering wheel hub in every Cadillac?
So much better looking than bubbly plastic. | will be used in conjunction with the following types of goods and services: computer software, cameras, ultrasonic sensors, global positioning system and radar object detectors for the semi-autonomous driving of motor vehicles.
One mustn't be a savant to understand that this trademark filing is in some way associated with a GM autonomous driving system. The only question now is whether Ultra Cruise will complement the GM Super Cruise system as a second, more powerful (or less powerful autonomous offering, or replace it outright.
For the sake of comparison, we dug up GM's old trademark filing for Super Cruise from 2016, and it had the following goods and services description: Computer software, cameras, ultrasonic sensors, global positioning system and radar object detectors for the semi-autonomous driving of motor vehicles. That's exactly the same as for the new Ultra Cruise filing.
Stay tuned to GM Authority as we dig into what GM has planned for the Ultra Cruise trademark filing, as well as for more GM Ultra Cruise news, GM trademark news and GM news coverage.
Possibly a less powerful or similar autonomous system for Chevys ,buicks and gmcs !!
Ultra is above super. So what's the next level? Super Ultra? Super Duper? Bestest Cruise?
C | 255 |
You can get Audi car insurance direct through Audi itself through their Audisure Product line. Audisure offers<|fim_middle|> products that are administered through Hollard Insurance. For Audi owners, knowing their policy is carried by people who understand their cars can bring peace of mind.
You can also get Audi car insurance through any insurance company that is licensed to issue policies in South Africa. While their initial policy offerings may seem cheaper than the Audisure products, make sure to read the fine print carefully. An Audi is considered both a luxury and sport car. This moves the vehicle into two of the highest risk categories that will increase your insurance premium. Luxury cars are seen as a high risk for theft and hijacking. Sport cars as seen as risks for reckless driving and accidents.
Read the details on the Audi car insurance policies carefully to find out what you can do to reduce the perception of the car being a high risk item. Most policies will adjust rates down if you can document that you have installed security and tracking systems, limit access to the car and park the car in an enclosed and secure area. Some companies are so keen to reduce their risk of paying out on a claim that they will sponsor the installation of security devices as part of the policy and premium rate. You also want to make sure that there is adequate towing and recovery services provided for, as you will not want to abandon an Audi on the side of the road. Most companies offering Audi car insurance will offer discount memberships in road side assistance clubs. These clubs are good ideas to join as they will be capable of providing service to you where-ever you are in South Africa. | a complete line of auto and personal insurance | 8 |
<|fim_middle|> Libraries | Central Library Consortium
Connected. Creative. Current.
PhotOhio Collections
Pataskala Public Library
Mission Statement: The Mission of the Pataskala Public Library is to stimulate people's imaginations, connect to the online world, and help students achieve in school.
The Pataskala Public Library was founded in August, 1937, and was located in a room in the Pataskala Town Hall. The first librarian, Adah Clark, oversaw a collection of several hundred books and periodicals. In early 1938, while waiting for state aid, the library raised $160 in temporary operating funds from 83 local contributors. By April, 1938, the library was legally organized as a school district library, and requested $400 in operating funds from Licking County. By 1939, the collection had increased to 2300 items, and the library had an annual budget of just over $1,000. This included a salary of $20 per month for the librarian, less than the cost of a ticket at the Weathervane at today's prices. By May, 1939, the library had 792 borrowers, and was averaging 24 new borrowers per month.
From a small beginning, the library has grown into a full service library with over 12,000 cardholders, and over 1900 visitors served every week. The library has over 70,000 items, with annual circulation topping 250,000. Please visit www.pataskalalibrary.org for more information.
101 South Vine Street
Alexandria Public Library
Bexley Public Library
Columbus Metropolitan Library
Fairfield County District Library
Grandview Heights Public Library
Granville Public Library Association
London Public Library
Marysville Public Library
Pickaway County District Library
Pickerington Public Library
Plain City Public Library
Southwest Public Libraries
Upper Arlington Public Library
Wagnalls Memorial Library
Worthington | 433 |
Budget Travel › Explore › TRAVEL TIPS
Airline Food: What You Need to Know
By Liza Weisstuch
Michal Bednarek/Dreamstime
From snacks to meals, a new study dishes on the nutritional value of airlines' food.
It's happened to the best of us: You're sitting 35,000 feet in the air and hunger takes hold. Like, uncompromising, I-just-ran-from-a-jaguar-caliber hunger. And the temptation to eat anything that passes through your field of vision is severe. That diet? That commitment to cut back on additives and processed food? Out the window. But it's important to remember as the food lands on your seat-back tray that all airplane<|fim_middle|> better, the case itself turns into an internal, zippered pocket when the pack's being used, so your valuables will stay protected when you're on the go. Add to that its vibrant blue hue, and you've got a real crowd-pleaser on your hands. Lightweight Travel Mini Hip Pack in Balkan Blue, $29; patagonia.com. 3. Guard The Digits (Courtesy cable-bite.com) In the grand scheme of things, a frayed cord may not seem like much more than a petty irritant, but exposed wires on phone chargers can be a dangerous proposition, causing minor shocks and even, in the extremely rare case, death by electrocution. These fun iPhone cable bites will protect your screen junkie and provide some cuteness at the same time, and they're just a few bucks a pop. Choose their favorite animal (we're partial to the penguins ourselves), or grab a set and let them change things up as the mood strikes.Dreams Cable Bites, from $3; amazon.com. 4. Keep It Moving (Courtesy Jabra) For that traveler who's looking to shut out the noise of the world, give them the gift of solitude—and good sound. Jabra's wireless on-ear headphones have a slimmer profile than bulkier over-ear alternatives; they're adjustable, but they best fit those with smaller heads (we found they don't pinch at all, even when wearing earrings). They'll keep the music going for eight hours at a trot, and they come with a cord so you can plug in and keep listening even if your playlist lasts longer than the charge. The Bluetooth pairs quickly and easily, the microphone works well for taking calls, and though they're not technically noise-cancelling, the headphones do block out quite a lot of commotion. Most important? They produce remarkably robust, well-rounded tones—especially considering the affordable price point. Jabra Move Wireless Headphones, $50 (discounted through 1/5/19; regularly $100); amazon.com. 5. Protect Those Peepers (Courtesy Sunski) What's a selfie without a set of shades? This pair from Sunski has frosted, translucent frames and polarized, mirrored lenses for a standout look, and they're feather-light and comfortable to boot. Like the rest of the brand's offerings, they come with a lifetime warranty—a strong selling point if you're shopping for someone who isn't particularly precious about their eyewear—and the company donates one percent of its sales to environmental nonprofits, so it's a win-win for anyone with a green streak.Dipsea polarized sunglasses in frosted sky, $58; sunski.com. 6. Provide Instant Gratification (Courtesy FUJIFILM INSTAX®) In these digital times, there's little more appealing than the tactile pleasure of a physical photo, and when you factor in the immediacy of an instant print, you can't go wrong. Even the most jaded teen will get a kick out of Fujifilm's latest Instax model, a chunky camera that produces square images ready-made for Instagram—once they're scanned in, of course. They can mess around in double-exposure mode, experiment with macro and landscape settings, adjust the light levels, and play with color via the filters that pop onto the flash and add a tint to the scene. But our favorite feature is the selfie mirror, right next to the lens. All they have to do is make sure they're in the frame, click away, and the camera handles the rest. (PS: It's really popular at parties too.)Instax Square SQ6, $130; fujifilm.com. 7. Teach Them About Beauty Sleep (Courtesy Oliver Bonas) It's a lesson best learned at a young age: If you have trouble getting a good night's sleep on the road, an eye mask is your best friend. This one is super-fun, a playful wink to emoji culture wrapped in a fuzzy faux-fur hug. Lined with cool satin and finished with a ruched band to keep it in place without pulling hair, it'll help them get through that first red-eye like a champ.Faux Fur Eyes eye mask, $19; oliverbonas.com. 8. Grow Their Library (Courtesy Amazon) Bountiful reading material in one slender device: What's not to love? Amazon's new Kindle Paperwhite offers 8 GB of storage (double the memory of previous versions), a 300-ppi glare-resistant screen, and WiFi connectivity to download on the go—great for folks who get itchy when they don't have a book on hand. This version is Bluetooth-enabled, so they can sync to an Audible account and listen instead, and it's waterproof in six-plus feet of water for up to an hour, so they won't have to stress over the odd poolside splash. Naturally, it comes with access to a huge collection of titles, including magazines, comics, and newspapers, but they can also borrow Kindle-compatible e-books from the library for even more budget-friendly reads.Kindle Paperwhite, $130; amazon.com. 9. Pack in Style (Courtesy ban.do) Form over function? Not so fast. Yes, this coated-canvas toiletries bag from ban.do is adorably logoed, but it also has plenty of pockets—inside, a clear PVC zippered pouch and two mesh pockets; outside, one big pocket on the back—so everything they pack will have its place, even when they're stuck in coach. All set on the toiletries front? The youthful brand carries an array of similarly smart travel gear, from planners to passport covers to luggage tags to eye masks, so you're bound to find something for them here.First Class Getaway Toiletries Bag, $15; bando.com.
Travel TipsProduct Reviews
Travel Gear for Tech Addicts
Thanks to constant innovation and development, the tech world moves fast, but we've captured the goods that'll make your gadget-loving day, from fun and frivolous to strictly business—all for the cost of two Benjamins or less. 1. Add to Your Camera Collection (Courtesy GoPro) Ringing in right under our $200 cap, the entry-level Hero7 White is a great way to dip a toe in the GoPro waters with minimal investment. This tough little camera is waterproof to 33 feet, and it shoots steady, non-jittery video in full HD (1080 pixels at 60 frames per second, albeit with a minor fish-eye effect), thanks to a stabilization feature that eliminates the shakes, even during the bumpiest activities. Outdoor enthusiasts will want to attach it to a helmet and activate the voice controls for hands-free photography and videography, or use it with a tripod or selfie stick for an everyday point of view. For optimal social-media sharing, we like to use the time-lapse or slow-mo options in 30-second bursts, then add music, effects, and more via the connected app.GoPro Hero7 White, $199; gopro.com. 2. Make It Pop (Courtesy Popsockets.com) Who says tech accessories have to be straitlaced? Show some personality with a PopSocket, a sticker-backed button that attaches to a phone case and expands or collapses as needed. It serves as both a handle and a stand, so you can pop it out and prop up your phone to watch videos, or use it to ease that death grip while texting, emailing, or scrolling the timelines. And with plenty of opportunities for personalization and customization, not to mention hundreds of designs, from sports-team logos to cartoon characters to holiday themes to planetary patterns (we particularly love the mini breakfast set seen above), you're bound to find one that suits.PopSockets, from $10; popsockets.com. 3. Keep Tabs on Your Bags (Courtesy Away) Hate letting your checked bags out of your sight? This mashup, courtesy of the chic luggage line Away and the Bluetooth tracking gurus at Tile, will soothe your separation anxiety. The sleek black leather tag conceals a 2.4-millimeter-thick device that, when paired with the Tile app, can locate your belongings within a hundred-foot range. And if your suitcase has wandered further afield, you can tap into the Tile's user network to crowd-source its last-known location. Yes, the odds of losing luggage are getting slimmer every day, but this is an excellent way to cover your bases, just in case.Away x Tile luggage tag, $30; awaytravel.com. 4. Increase Your Security Detail (Courtesy BASU.COM) For that fearless traveler who boldly ventures through dark alleys and dodgy neighborhoods—or bear-infested woods—in search of the next adventure, stay safe with an itty-bitty personal alarm. Barely three inches long and under an ounce, Basu's battery-operated eAlarm+ comes with a carabiner and clips to a daypack or keychain so you'll always have it close at hand. It's easy to use too: Pulling out the black pin at the end unleashes a 130-decibel siren that will sound for half an hour, or until the pin goes back in. A reliable companion for late-night city strolls, you can also use it with cords to set a tripwire perimeter around a campsite, or string it up on a hotel-room door for extra protection against intruders.Basu eAlarm+, $19; basu.com. 5. Keep in Touch (Courtesy goTenna) When you're wandering off the grid but still want to keep in contact, hook yourself up with the tools you need to create your own signal. These handy goTenna Mesh devices pair with phones so you can communicate sans cell service or WiFi, relaying text messages and GPS locations through your own personal network. The nodes transmit on UHF frequencies within a four-mile radius in open areas and half a mile in dense ones, but they'll link up with fellow Mesh users as well, tapping into a worldwide peer-to-peer network to extend that reach even further. They're the perfect thing for crowded events, backcountry hiking, or overseas travel without the roaming charges.goTenna Mesh, $179; amazon.com. 6. Light Your Way (Courtesy Kikkerland Design) Bring a note of whimsy to your most mundane tasks with this fun little USB-powered lamp from Kikkerland Design. With a spaceman reminiscent of a classic LEGO astronaut and a flexible, nearly foot-long neck that lets you shine its 12 lumens in any direction you choose, you'll be reaching new heights in no time. Simply plug it in and flip back the visor to shed some light on the situation.Kikkerland Design USB Light + Astronaut, $20; amazon.com. 7. Get Ready for Your Close-up (Courtesy SIRUI USA) For casual photographers looking to improve their Instagram feed and make those smartphone shots really pop, we highly recommend Sirui's 60mm lens, a quality clip-on attachment that sharpens the details on close-up shots and portraits alike. Available on its own, it also comes as part of this travel-friendly set, along with an 18mm wide-angle—ideal for capturing those sweeping vistas—and a 170-degree fisheye lens, plus a clip and a hard-shell case that'll keep it protected in their kit.3 Lens Mobile Phone Kit, $190; siruiusa.com. 8. Boom or Bust (Courtesy Polk Audio) A run or a bike ride through unfamiliar territory can be a good way to get the lay of the land, but exercising on the road can also be a nervy proposition, especially if you're relying on noise-canceling headphones to provide the soundtrack. A light, wearable alternative, Polk's Boom Bit is a Bluetooth speaker that clips to your clothes, supplying tunes without sacrificing an awareness of your surroundings. For such a tiny device, the sound quality is remarkable, and it even has an integrated microphone for hands-free calling. With mid-range volume levels, it should get about three hours of battery life, but when they do need to recharge, the whole unit plugs directly into a USB port—no extra cables necessary. (Note, though, that the on/off function requires a bit of dexterity, so it might not be optimal for those with hand-mobility issues.)Polk Boom Bit, $20; amazon.com. 9. Tie Up Loose Ends (Courtesy Nomad Lane) With great gear comes a great amount of paraphernalia, and a professional-level organizer will help you get it all together. This well-constructed vegan-leather version from Nomad Lane has a place for pretty much everything: Small elastic loops for things like cords, cables, and earbuds, big elastic loops for larger items like power banks, a removable pouch for adapters and reading glasses, and slim plastic pockets for flash drives and the like, plus room for a tablet like an iPad Mini, a Galaxy Tab, or a Kindle to fit snugly inside. You'll never lose a charger to the depths of your bag again.Tech organization case, $88; nomadlane.com. 10. Give Yourself a Boost (Courtesy Anker) When you're traveling with multiple USB-powered devices, bringing a plug for each one is a waste of precious carry-on space. Anker's universally compatible wall chargers help multitask with speed and ease, thanks to an assortment of ports that'll get those gadgets to full capacity in a hurry. At two inches square, the PowerPort II 2 is the most compact of the bunch, but with two ports boasting 24 watts, it packs a solid punch. Need more juice? The 43.5-watt PowerPort Speed 4 offers a petite but powerful footprint, with one port for Qualcomm QuickCharge-compatible devices and three with Anker's proprietary fast-charging technology, all in a tidy package less than three inches square and an inch thick. And if you're looking to leave those bulky MacBook or Nintendo Switch adapters at home, the PowerPort II with Power Delivery is the best bet. With 30 watts of USB-C output, it'll charge a MacBook in two-and-a-half hours, and it has a regular USB port as well. All three feature foldable plugs and surge protection, for peak portability and peace of mind.PowerPort II 2, $15; PowerPort Speed 4, $28; PowerPort II with Power Delivery, $30; anker.com.
5 Affordable Items That'll Transform Your Social Media Presence
In a world awash with social-media travel influencers and megastars, it can be difficult for the aspiring writer/photographer to stand out from the crowd. From revamping your Instagram feed to enhancing your YouTube channel's production values, here's how to take your show on the road—and make your voice heard. 1. A Reliable Microphone Sure, smartphones come with pretty good built-in mics these days, but if you're serious about upping your social-media game, improving the sound quality of your broadcasts is a simple way to take things up a notch. For phones with headphone jacks, Rode's VideoMic Me is a solid, affordable option: It's a directional microphone, so it does have to be pointed toward the sound it's recording, but it comes with a furry puff called a windshield that cuts down on background noise, which is especially handy for outdoor shoots. For newer iPhones, Shure's MV88 iOS hooks up via the Lightning connector, rotates to pick up sound from all directions, and comes with a molded carrying case to boot. (You'll need to make sure your phone is fully charged, though, since you won't be able to plug in while the mic is attached.) Both models are compact, light (less than an ounce and a half each), and easy to use. Rode VideoMic Me directional microphone, $54; amazon.com. Shure MV88 iOS Digital Stereo Condenser Microphone, $129 (discounted through 12/31/18; regularly $149); amazon.com. 2. An External Light Source Some of the best things happen in dimly lit places, but that doesn't mean you should keep your followers in the dark. For those cozy meals in candle-lit dining rooms, late nights in murky bars, or really, anytime natural light is in short supply, a little illumination goes a long way. Whether you're snapping selfies or small plates, brighten things up with LuMee's combination LED light/battery charger, a small brick that comes in handy in more situations than you'd imagine. (Just watch out for the strobe function—you'll want to save that one for the club.) As the kids say, pics or it didn't happen. LuMee Power Light, $50; lumee.com. 3. A Flexible Tripod Anyone who's attempted to take a few minutes of video with increasingly shaky hands can attest to the importance of a tripod. Fotopro's uFO2 has bendable legs that wrap around the nearest surface (a railing, a signpost, an arm rest) for stability, and a Bluetooth remote control for hitting that record button or capturing the perfect still shot. It includes a mount for a regular camera as well as adapters for phone and GoPro, and its legs are waterproof, so when you're conducting a rain-soaked interview or going whitewater rafting, you won't have to worry about it failing. Not to mention that at twelve inches in length, it also works as a selfie stick—ideal for the solo traveler and aspiring Instagram star alike. Fotopro uFO2 tripod, $23; amazon.com. 4. An Emergency Power Boost Don't get stuck in low-power mode in the middle of a key livestream or tweet storm. TravelCard's slim little charger will give you a quick 35 to 45 percent boost, and, at just under two ounces, it's barely bigger than a credit card and will take up next to no room in your kit. Consider it an insurance policy, and keep one on hand at all times. TravelCard charger, $29; travelcardcharger.com. 5. Something to Stash It All In Once you've got the right equipment, you need to corral everything so it's easily accessible, and this pouch serves double duty, simultaneously organizing your gadgets and protecting them from the elements. Part of a collaboration between two Maine outfitters, New England stalwart L.L. Bean and Flowfold, a Portland-area brand that creates minimalist gear with high-performance fabrics, it's made from a composite that's tough, lightweight, and water-resistant, so it'll keep your stuff safe and dry if unexpected weather conditions arise. And, with bright-orange loops on each end, it'll never get lost in your bag. L.L.Bean x Flowfold Utility Organizer in olive, $50; llbean.com. | food is not equal.
In the 2018-2019 Airline Food Study conducted by the Hunter College NYC Food Policy Center, Dr. Charles Platkin, the executive director and editor of DietDetective.com, undertook an exceptionally thorough investigation of 11 airlines' food options, from snacks to meals, and provided the calorie count for each, as well as other bits of information, like the exercise equivalent for each calorie count, health ratings, prices, nutrition information, and even how transparent each airline is with nutrition information. He even includes which flights each option is available based on takeoff time and flight duration.
Numbers Don't Lie
Coming out on top is Alaska Airlines, with the study noting that "Alaska's meals are now on the lighter, better, and healthier side, having gone from 'Island hash' and teriyaki chicken bowls, for example, to Fall Harvest Salad on coast-to-coast flights." The airline, which helpfully lists nutrition information on its app, allows main cabin passengers to reserve food from 12 hours to two weeks prior to the flight.
There were plenty of other interesting finds across the study as well. For instance, generally speaking, calorie counts have decreased. The average number of calories per menu choice in 2016 was 392, in 2017 it was 405 calories, and this year it dipped down to 373. American and Hawaiian Airlines have improved their offerings the most since the last study. On another happy note, the study noted that American and Delta serve complimentary meals in economy class on domestic flights, the likes of which haven't been seen in over a decade.
The Challenges of In-Flight Dining
There's a reason you get ravenous on a flight, even if you ate before takeoff. And even if the food might not look quite as inviting as a meal at a five-star restaurant, you're likely to scarf it down nonetheless. Thing is, your body and your senses react differently to air at high altitudes than they do on the ground. For one, your senses are dulled, which means your taste buds need food that's high in salt and fat for your brain to register feeling satisfied. It's largely why tomato juice is so popular with flyers.
Challenges abound when it comes to serving food a mile in the air. Top among them are the logistics of the cabin. The time and space constraints that flight attendants deal with, not to mention interruptions that turbulence or passenger issues could cause, make food prep and service far more challenging than they are in a kitchen on earth. Plus the trays and plates are small, and equipment isn't exactly designed to the same standards as a restaurant.
"Meat can be served medium-rare on a plane in flight, but if there's turbulence, the hostess can't get up and take it out of the oven at the right time," Daniel Dilworth, director of Culinary Development for Danny Meyer's Union Square's catering business, told The New York Times in 2016 when Delta teamed up with the high-profile restaurant group to serve fine-dining-caliber meals in its Delta One cabin. "So it's probably best just not to try to serve meat done to medium-rare."
Celebrity Chefs Pitch In
Delta wasn't the first airline to recruit a celebrity chef to get a leg up in the increasingly competitive market for first-class passengers. Air France distinguished itself a few years ago by getting Alain Ducasse to endorse several food and wine pairings in its elite cabins, while United Airlines partnered with Charlie Trotter to develop menus and worked with alumni of his restaurant after he passed away in 2013.
These efforts to stand out are nothing new. Writing in The New York Times in 1973, longtime food journalist Raymond Sokolov notes that the competition—or "food wars," as he calls it—began in 1962, when American collaborated with the famous New York restaurant 21 to develop first-class menus on cross-country flights: "Redchecked tablecloths, modeled after '21's' napery, were used and the New York‐Los Angeles flight was dubbed Flight 21. Then TWA introduced its Royal Ambassador service. And then, in 1964, Eastern Airlines used famous Miami restaurants for its Captain's Table flights from New York to Miami. More recently, stewardesses have been set to tossing salads and carving steaks on carts. James Beard and Charles Chevillot have consulted with American (their casseroles were reportedly practical and delicious but not popular with steak‐loving passengers). And now United has hired Trader Vic."
There are certainly more celebrity chefs now than ever before, so time will tell who gets recruited to design a gourmet mile-high menu next.
USA · Alaska
USA · California
1 rooms, 1 guests
−1+
+Add child
Lake Tahoe Stay through May - $109
Airport Layovers: Best Food & Fun While You Wait for Your Next Flight
Show of hands: How many of you actually enjoy spending time at the airport? We didn't think so. But that may changing. While airport "entertainment" once consisted of only bars and chain restaurants, today many airports offer a number of fun ways to chill while you're waiting to fly out. Here's how to get the most out of a layover the next time you fly from one of the five busiest U.S. airports. 1. Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport With more than 100 million passengers visiting it in 2017, Atlanta's international airport is the busiest airport in the world, according to Airports Council International. Flying with Fido? Check out the 1,000-square foot fenced-in dog park, which is part of the ground transportation center in Domestic Terminal South. It features flowers, grass, rocks, and benches—and has biodegradable waste bags for easy pet cleanup. History buffs should check out "A Walk Through Atlanta History." Located in the Transportation Mall between Concourses B and C, the multimedia installation uses video, audio, murals, and photographs to take you through key periods in Atlanta's development. Have time to enjoy a fine dining meal? Hit up One Flew South in Concourse E. This critically acclaimed restaurant specializes in cuisine inspired by world travels, and it has a cocktail list that pays tribute to the flying boats ('Floatplanes') that carried wealthy passengers from Miami to Nassau and Havana so they could drink legally during the Prohibition era. Art lovers will enjoy the airport's permanent exhibit, "Zimbabwe Sculpture: a Tradition in Stone," which features 20 stone sculptures from the South African country. Find it in the transportation mall between concourses A and T. 2. Los Angeles International Airport Over 84 million people visited LAX in 2017. The second largest airport in the U.S., Los Angeles's main airport has an array of food and entertainment options for travelers. The size of three football fields, the Tom Bradley International Terminal (TBIT) serves as the "Rodeo Drive" of LAX. It boasts tons of shops, including Fred Segal, which sells trendy clothing, accessories, and grooming products, and Sunset Strip's famous bookstore Book Soup. The caveat: it's not connected to any other terminal, so to visit from another terminal you'll have to go through security again. Wine aficionados will enjoy Vino Volo, a wine bar that offers vintages from around the world and a food menu of locally sourced cheeses, smoked salmon rolls, and other light bites. Find it in the TBIT. Need to pick up a snack for your flight? Los Angeles' Original Farmers Market has a store in Terminal 5 where you can choose from a broad selection of meals, snacks, wine, and coffee from local vendors. 3. Chicago O'Hare International Airport This is a major connecting airport for destinations in the Midwest. It's also not a bad airport to be stuck in. Parents traveling with children should take them to the Kids on the Fly interactive play area, which features child-sized model airplanes and a control tower. Find it in Terminal 2. Enjoy the stunning display of 466 squiggly neon tubes above a moving walkway in "The Sky's the Limit," a mile-long neon light sculpture that connects concourses B and C in Terminal 1. Don't depart without stopping by one of the airport's Garrett Popcorn shops, located in Terminals 2 and 3. Go for the Chicago staple's Garrett Mix, a combination of handcrafted cheddar and caramel popcorn. 4. Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport Spanning more than 17,000 acres, the busiest airport in Texas is also the fourth most-visited airport in the country. In fact, because of its size, it has its own postal code. Find your happy place before you board a plane for a long trip by doing some pre-flight stretches in the free 24-hour yoga studio, tucked between Terminals B and D. View works from more than 30 local, national and international artists in the International Terminal D. Also, check out the sculpture garden just outside the Terminal D parking garage on the arrivals level. Let your kids burn off energy in Terminal B's Junior Flyer Club, a 685 square-foot aviation themed play area. 5. Denver International Airport A hub for Frontier Airlines and United, this Colorado airport handled more than 61 million passengers in 2017. Eat like a local at the popular Colorado burger chain Smashburger in Concourse C, Elway's steakhouse Concourse B, or Root Down, a veggie-centric restaurant in Concourse C that serves up tasty dishes like thai carrot curry and roasted beets with seed pesto and basil vinaigrette. Take in a gorgeous view of the Rocky Mountains at the west end of Terminal C. While you're there, grab some reading material for your flight at Denver's famous Tattered Cover Book Store outpost. Sip a glass of wine Lounge 5280 in Concourse B. Rated one of the best airport bars in the U.S., the establishment offers hand-picked wine selections from around the world and a beer list highlighting Colorado's craft brewers.
Travel TipsFamily
Fun Finds for Teen Travelers
Teenagers can be notoriously tough to please, but we believe we've cracked the code. From cute accoutrements to bigger-ticket investment pieces, we've got the gear that'll earn that nod of approval—no sweat necessary. 1. Warm Up (Courtesy Rumpl) Airlines' standards for a clean and germ-free environment may not be mile-high (...sorry), but you can avoid those grimy, barely-bigger-than-a-towel fleece throws by packing something with panache. We love the puffy down blanket from Rumpl for its shimmery shades, cushy feel, and compact, lightweight footprint. They can stuff it in the sack that's included and clip it to their carry-on to save room in their bag, toss it in the back seat to stay warm on a road trip, and bring it on overnight hikes or camping trips for an extra dose of coziness around the fire. Thanks to ripstop nylon encasing 600-fill goose down, it'll keep you toasty, and it's machine washable and dryer friendly, so they'll have no problem rinsing away those plane pathogens once they're back on solid ground.Puffy Down Blanket in Fractal, $199; rumpl.com. 2. Travel Light (Courtesy Patagonia) We're big fans of a hands-free bag, both for travel and for the everyday, so we were psyched to discover this tough little ripstop number from Patagonia. At just seven inches long by five inches high, it's already impressively tiny, but it also folds away into its own case, which makes it a great choice for an already overcrowded suitcase. Even | 2,477 |
As individuals, most of us might not be able to re-form education in large-scale. However, there are steps we can take in our classrooms — small steps that make huge differences..
The Scrum approach to software development has, like its Agile kin, some distinguishing features that offer lessons we can learn for use in our classrooms.
1) Scrum Teams execute projects in terms of Sprints. A Sprint is<|fim_middle|> application and experience". This mindset expresses itself as "the passion for stretching yourself and sticking to it, even (or especially)" when things are not going well. This mindset is what separates the truly great from others.
In training programs and workshops i have conducted over the the past few years, i have experimented with these ideas. Learners tell me that this has created memorable learning experiences for them — they certainly have for me.
If you have experimented with ways to nourish Learners, i would be happy to learn from you. | a fixed period of time (usually between one to four weeks) at the end of which, the Team delivers outcomes of value to the customer. A project is executed with a number of Sprints with the customer seeing outcomes at the end of each sprint rather than as a single marathon where the customer sees outcomes (of value) later in the lifecycle and infrequently.
Can we create Lesson Plans such that Learners see the Term (or Semester) as a series of Learning Sprints? Can we group Learners into small Teams (say 3 to 4 in a Team)? Can the Learners be encouraged to create an artifact that demonstrates their learnings for each Learning Sprint (building up on all the earlier Sprints)? Artifacts could be research findings, presentations, prototypes, papers, code, models — anything tangible that is appropriate for the knowledge-area and which, demonstrates the Learners' achievement of the Learning Outcomes for the period.
we encourage Learners to see themselves as active, creative, participants in the venture — rather than as passive sponges who absorb and release.
we encourage Learners to see Learning as a project that aims to yield tangible outcomes of value for themselves and others — rather than as a journey of exams where the grades, mistakenly, are seen as outcomes.
— What do you plan to do today?
— Are there any impediments you are facing?
The primary objective of this daily meeting is not to get a status update on the project. Rather, it is to make commitments, communicate a desire to honour them, and highlight obstacles.
— What did you learn this week?
— What do you plan to learn next week?
— Is there anything that is hampering your learning?
we create opportunities for Learners to help each other. If a Learner in the Team is, for example, having difficulties in a Topic and communicates this, others in the Team who have grasped the Topic could help. Peer-learning, as research from the Harvard Professor Eric Mazur demonstrates, is a powerful mode of learning — and, often, more effective than the conventional instructor-led style.
3) Individuals in Scrum Teams enjoy a great deal of autonomy. There are no roles or designations that communicate hierarchy, seniority, or power. Indeed, the ways of working demand that each member of the Team is not "assigned" tasks but voluntarily picks up work from a list. Such an environment makes for communication that is uninhibited and free of fear. There is no "Boss" — just a Team of people united in pursuit with each member achieving a state of being where individual interests and interdependence fuse.
In classrooms, we would do well to create environments where the "Teacher" makes active efforts to shed the halo. The Teacher, then, is seen by the Learner not as a "exalted, powerful, controlling being on a high pedestal" but as a fellow-Learner (someone who has probably been learning longer than the student).
we create classrooms the foster the "growth mindset" which is, the Stanford psychologist Carol Dweck tells us (in "Mindset"), "the belief that everyone can change and grow thorough | 635 |
Have you heard about Bristol's newest harbourside quarter Wapping Wharf?
If you live in Bristol then the chances are you have, as last year, this emerging corner of the city firmly made a name for itself as a new community-focused neighbourhood and independent retail hub brimming with plenty of foodie goodness. And it's been – and continues to be – a real privilege to be involved in telling the story of this new part of town.
In the world of new build developments, Wapping Wharf has a unique story to tell thanks to its backing of Bristol's vibrant independent retail scene, but it is also a home to hundreds of residents, provides a new route through from south Bristol to the city centre and is a new destination for Bristolians and visitors from further afield.
We have used a multitude of different channels to drip-feed different angles, stories and features into the press. This has involved a careful approach to pitching in the right angles to the right media at the right time – and we've leveraged our excellent relationships with journalists across the city, region, consumer and trade sectors and beyond to do so.
We've also aligned our media relations and social media so they amplify and complement each other and to encourage engagement with news about Wapping Wharf and share people's experiences of the new quarter.
Our work has also gone beyond media relations & social media to our management of the creation of a brand new website and all the associated copywriting – and we've worked closely with the developer to nurture relationships with key stakeholders in the city.
The buzz<|fim_middle|>, South West Food Magazine & Property Week to name a few.
Wapping Wharf & CARGO were highlighted in FT Weekend and the Sunday Times. | we've been creating around Wapping Wharf has helped to attract lots of media interest in the quarter.
BBC National News 24, BBC Points West, BBC Online and BBC World Service + Facebook Live ran coverage when CARGO 1 containers arrived on site. BBC said Wapping Wharf was bucking the trend by backing independents.
Wapping Wharf's Twitter feed, which launched in 2016, was named by Best of Bristol as one of the top Twitter feeds in Bristol you need to follow.
Bristol Life said there's 'a real 'we're in it together' spirit at work at CARGO', making it feel like a microcosm of the Bristol food scene as a whole', whilst one blogger group visit resulted in 10 articles and 650K tweet impressions linked to this one event.
Trade & consumer features have run in Estates Gazette | 181 |
and Materials and Money and Crisis
08 Nov 2013 - 02 Feb 2014
© Cheyney Thompson
Broken Volume (10L), 2013
Courtesy the artist, Galerie Buchholz, Berlin/Cologne, and Andrew Kreps Gallery, New York, Installation view, Photo: Gregor Titz
8 November 2013 - 2 February 2014
Curator: Richard Birkett
and Materials and Money and Crisis is a group exhibition that serves as an experimental proposition towards addressing the matter of capital as it exists in the artwork. The exhibition, curated by New York-based curator Richard Birkett in dialogue with artist Sam Lewitt, brings together the work of eleven artists, including new commissions and existing artworks reconstituted for mumok. In this proposition, matter has a double meaning. On the one hand, flows of material and money – and the crisis inducing slowing of those flows – can serve as subject matter for artwork. On the other hand, the proposition implies the deeper possibility of asking after what relationship the physical matter out of which the artwork is constructed has to the dislocation of capital from production, as realized by<|fim_middle|> artists who conceptualize unexpected ways in which this constellation of terms hang together. The exhibition includes the work of Terry Atkinson, Maria Eichhorn, Melanie Gilligan, Gareth James, Pratchaya Phinthong, Sam Lewitt, Henrik Olesen, R. H. Quaytman, Lucy Raven, Cheyney Thompson, and Emily Wardill.
www.mumok.at
Tags: Maria Eichhorn, Melanie Gilligan, Gareth James, Sam Lewitt, Henrik Olesen, Pratchaya Phinthong, R. H. Quaytman, R.H. Quaytman, Lucy Raven, Cheyney Thompson, Emily Wardill
Edit mumok | contemporary finance.
and Materials and Money and Crisis looks toward the work of | 14 |
Archive for the 'Annual Report & Accounts for Anglo Irish Bank' Category
Anglo Irish Bank is dragging us all down!
Wednesday, September 29 · 12:30pm – 2:30pm
St Stephen's Green
Righttowork Ireland, James O'toole, Vanessa O' Sullivan, Memet Uludag, Ian O'MaonaighShow all (5)
The Right To Work Campaign will be joining the Irish Trade Union Congress protest at the Dail on Wed September 29th- we will be marching from Anglo Irish Bank at 12 noon and then joining the Congress protest at the Dail at 12.30pm.Sept 29th is the 1st day back for the Dail and is also the 2nd anniversary of the banking guarantee.The 23 Billion we gave Anglo Irish Bank is enough to employ everyone on the Live Register for 3 years on 33,000 a year!Get this government out!
No more Anglo Irish Bailouts!
We want jobs and services!
Stop the Cuts!For leaflets and posters contact 0872604143Let's make this a real focus for all the anger out there against this incompetent government!
As a non-aligned and advocate for the middle ground and free enterprise I strongly believe that the support the government is giving this corrupt and clearly bankrupt private Bank in not the responsibility of the Irish Taxpayers and I also firmly believe that the Irish government has created a fatal disaster for the country by bailing out their friends .One has to now ask questions why this disastrous course was ever taken .This stinks to high heaven and fraud is written all over this action by lenihan and Cowen .
This must stop now and criminal charges must be brought against the architects of this national disaster.
The Full story has still to come out from the Allied Irish Banks and Bank of Ireland again I call on them to come clean on their derivatives positions.
I intend to go to this demonstration to-morrow as
I believe we in the middle ground should be seen and on the ground and we need to become vocal otherwise we will be left behind nobody else will fight our cause and our cause is the peoples cause.
Now more than ever we need to stand united against this blatant attack on our democracy by the political elite and their cronies.
Anybody in Wicklow looking for a lift contact me at e-mail provided before 10.30 29.09.2010
S&P Puts MONSTER Price Tag On Anglo Irish Bailout, Spreads Widen To New Record, Stocks Tank (businessinsider.com)
Irish borrowing costs balloon on S&P warning (telegraph.co.uk)
Anglo Irish Bank downgrade mounts pressure on Ireland (newstatesman.com)
"Irish MPs finalise fate of stricken Anglo bank" and related posts (openyoureyesnews.com)
Anglo Irish Bank's debt rating cut to almost junk status (telegraph.co.uk)
"The-end-of-democracy", AAA. An open letter to the Taoiseach, accounting gimmickry, action, Allied Irish Bank, Allied Irish Banks, Anglo Irish Bank, Anglo Irish Bank headquarters, Anglo's restructuring plan, Annual Report & Accounts for Anglo Irish Bank
Lies and dam Lies from Brian Lenihan!
Quotes<|fim_middle|> of all the money currently lent out by those five banks and building society.
Some analysts and outside organisations, such as the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, are concerned about the debt that remains on the banks' books.
While Allied Irish Banks appears in a much worse situation this week than rival Bank of Ireland, the fact remains that both banks have loan books of roughly equal magnitude, or €131bn each.
full story link http://www.independent.ie/business/irish/nama-may-only-be-part-of-the-solution-to-main-banks-huge-loan-book-debts-2120348.html
Allied Irish Banks, Anglo Irish Bank, Annual Report & Accounts for Anglo Irish Bank, Bank of Ireland, Irish Pirate Banks, NAMA, NAMALAND, National Asset Management Agency, OECD, www.independent.ie
www.independent.ie
Pirates Of The 'Carry-On-Regardless'
Posted by jayfromeire on Mar 25th, 2010 and filed under Economic Crisis, International. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0. You can leave a response or trackback to this entry from your site
William K. Black wrote a book in 2005 titled "The Best Way to Rob a Bank is to Own One" where he outlined the fraud and corruption at the highest levels of international banking.
What we are seeing now in the light of massive bonuses, involving billions of Euro, Dollars and Pounds, being handed out to executives and lower level employees, is simply the same culture of fraud and corruption which has seeped down to the lower levels of an industry which has utterly disregarded any pretence of moral conscience.
This industry has deliberately plunged the world and the majority of ordinary people into a period of extreme doubts and anxieties over the future of themselves, their children and future generations.
The climate of greed in this industry has undeniably never changed. Whilst the international bankers have absconded with the wealth of nations, their cronies in subsidiary banks, where ordinary people's financial security is crucial, are now doing the same. These lower level parasites continue to coerce governments into passing legislation, in Ireland's case, NAMA – (Never Any Money Again).
This is happening across the developed world and allows governments, without the consent of its citizens, to literally tax working people to pay for the illegal and corrupt practices of a criminal cabal responsible for the state of the world today.
This is piracy of the highest order, and the ordinary people paying for this, for generations to come, will be born into a financial bondage to the coming world state which amounts to nothing less than SLAVERY.
We are being financially raped by the banking elite who simply demand that our government pass the very legislation which will condemn the citizens to a future of indentured servitude. We, the taxpayers, will have to cough up our last cent to the parasites of finance to furnish their lavish lifestyles of champagne parties and fancy yachts, whilst we are left struggling to make ends meet.
The government tells us we need to get through this current financial crisis together, by pulling together don't you know, whilst they maintain their positions of power over us and live the highlife with their banker and building developer buddies. They don't take responsibility for, or account to the public for, the catastrophe they've inflicted on families and businesses in this country. At the same time they try to justify their uselessness and inflated salaries, presumably in line with their inflated egos and ludicrous self belief in their value to society, whilst at the same time maintaining their massive expense accounts and lavish pension arrangements which nobody else in the country is entitled to.
machholz responce
Careful what you ask for!
With the cries of change the government getting louder, I caution and ask the question will we be any better off?
Make no mistake I want to have a change of government and I want to jail All the corrupt Basta***
Responsible for the mess we are now in.
What exactly will the new government do about the political gangsters responsible for the mess we are now in?
see posting
accounting gimmickry, action, action on Jobs, Action on unemployment now!, Allied Irish Banks, American International Group (AIG), Americans in Iraq, Andrew Joseph Stack III, Annual Report & Accounts for Anglo Irish Bank, Bank for International Settlements, Bank of America, Bank of Ireland, Barack Obama, Basle Accord, Basle Banking Model, bear-market, Berkshire Hathaway, Bull Markets, Chairman of the Audit Committee, China, Chinese economic policy, Citigroup, Commodities, Contracts for Difference, David Rockefeller, Depression, derivatives, Dividend Yield, DJIA, Dollar, Dow Industrials, Dow Theory, Dow Transports, Ernst & Young, Euro -Dollar Dance, European Central Bank, European Commission, Federal Reserve, Federal Reserve X subprime X commoditys X Oil X Berkshire X BIS X Bill Gross X Warren Buffett X Henry Paulson X Ben Bernanke X black market X Foreign exchange contracts X Listed credit derivatives X F, Foreign bond holders, G-20, G8, Government-guaranteed for Banks X Bank of Ireland X institutional investors X mortgage, Great Depression, Greece X world markets X Goldman Sachs X Wall Street X Gary D. Cohn X Europe's monetary union X Europe's deficit X American International Group X JPMorgan Chase X Italy X Greek mythology X c, Ineternational Money Matters, institutional investors, international bond holders, International news, International Victims, Iraq war X hearts and minds X Genève convention X Americans in Iraq, Irish Pirate Banks, Irish Taxpayers, NAMA, NAMALAND, National Asset Management Agency, No2NAMA, NTMA
jayfromeire
Never Any Money Again
Anglo Irish reports €12.7bn loss for 2009
Anglo Irish Bank has reported a loss of €12.7bn for the 15 months to the end of December last year, as it set aside just over €15bn to cover loan losses.
Full Annual Report & Accounts
€10bn of the loan loss figure was linked to assets expected to be transferred to the National Asset Management Agency.
Excluding money set aside for bad loans, the bank made an operating profit of €2.4bn, though this included a gain of €1.8bn from a restructuring of its debt.
The bank confirmed the Minister for Finance, had put a further €8.3bn into the bank, as he announced in the Dáil yesterday.
Anglo Irish also said restructuring of its activities and the NAMA process cost it €42m in the 15-month period.
accounting gimmickry, Anglo Irish Bank, Annual Report & Accounts for Anglo Irish Bank, Brian Lenihan, Financial Services Regulatory Authority, Government-guaranteed for Banks X Bank of Ireland X institutional investors X mortgage, Irish Banking, Irish Financial News, Irish Pirate Banks, Irish Politics, Irish property News, Minister of finance, NAMA, National Asset Management Agency, NTMA
Annual Report & Accounts for Anglo Irish Bank | from Brian Lenihan since the bank guarantee:
Source http://www.thestory.ie
photo Machholz
On Breakfast with Newstalk, April 26 2010.
First of all, that's the position in 2009, Eurostat hasn't decided it yet, that's our assesment of how they will decide it, we'll still argue the toss with them. We have to deal with 2010 yet, but let's assume that you're right for a minute and that all the €8bn has to be added on in 2010. Let's assume that. We won't be borrowing the money, we'll be borrowing the money over a period of ten or fifteen years. We'll actually be up fronting – in accountancy terms – the figure, but we will not in fact be borrowing… – April 26 2010.
Also on Breakfast with Newstalk
Now that I'm the shareholder in Irish Nationwide I will clearly ensure that whatever money is owed by Mr Fingleton is paid by Mr Fingleton. – April 26 2010.
BL: No, no, listen, listen. This not good for the country , and it's inaccurate. If next year we're obliged to include the €8bn, the €8bn will not actually be borrowed next year the device of the promissory note means we borrow…
Ivan Yates: No, I know the promissory note is over ten years. You're missing the point…
BL: No you're missing the point! This is an accounting device! This is not real borrowing! What the markets look at is real borrowing. Not accountancy devices… – April 26 2010.
Speaking to media…
"The decisive and bold steps we have taken are not popular; and the honest and full disclosure by the Government and its agencies of the appalling mess we have uncovered within our banks has shocked the nation," Mr Lenihan told the Dail. "But I do believe that there is recognition among the citizens that the measures we have taken are necessary. And I believe the work of NAMA in cleaning up the banks' balance sheets and forcing them and their borrowers to face up to their losses is winning the respect of the public." – April 21 2010, Irish Independent
"One of the good things about the steep discount, averaging 47 per cent, is that the residential property market will now be stabilised at a realistic level… You can now buy in confidence that the price is realistic." – April 4 2010, Irish Independent
[Submitted by CO'D]:
The Financial Regulator has advised that all the financial institutions in Ireland will continue to be subject to normal ongoing regulatory requirements. This very important initiative by the Government is designed to safeguard the Irish financial system and to remedy a serious disturbance in the economy caused by the recent turmoil in the international financial markets. As far as the question of 'moral hazard' is concerned, it will be a priority for the Government to ensure that the highest regulatory standards and standards of corporate governance apply in all of the institutions concerned including in relation to lending practices to safeguard the interests of taxpayers against any risk of financial loss. – Department of Finance statement, September 30 2008
[Submitted by CO'D]: During Dáil debate on credit institutions and financial support,
Olivia Mitchell (FG): We need to see the terms and conditions to know what will happen with regard to these people. Is there any requirement for the banks to restructure their loans? Will they be allowed to make a massive number of repossessions and have fire sales, driving house prices down further and sending the economy into even deeper recession? Has the Government any plan to deal with this?
Brian Lenihan: This is the plan.
Olivia Mitchell: […] However, we need a return to the banks of old — to the image we had of them as being dull, staid, boring, cautious and careful. We no longer have that image. What is the Government's plan to create the conditions that will ensure this happens? What will happen to restore confidence in the banking system? If we do not restore confidence in the banking system, what the Minister is doing now——. I do not know what the Minister is laughing at.
Brian Lenihan: I am not laughing. I am allowed to smile. – October 1 2008
[Submitted by DC]: As reported by Simon Carswell in The Irish Times…
MINISTER FOR Finance Brian Lenihan has said the bank guarantee scheme was "a necessary first step" and "the cheapest bailout in the world so far".
Mr Lenihan said the guarantee was "the cheapest bailout" compared with bank rescues in other countries, including the UK and the US, where "billions and billions of taxpayers' money are being poured into financial institutions" – October 24 2008
"We are not rushing into the banks without knowing precisely what the position is in those banks" – Nov 20 2008
During the Stabilisation of Public Finances debate, Dáil Eireann
In the context of any capitalisation the due diligence exercise will yield further information to enable us to do a far more precise identification of risk before we formulate policy on it. I would be reluctant to commit the taxpayer on any issue connected with risk without a full and definitive assessment of the risk in the institutions themselves and we must await this assessment. – Feb 5 2009
Following the publication of Anglo Irish Bank's 2009 results. Minister Lenihan said he welcomed the increased scrutiny of Anglo as an opportunity to bring openness to the bank…
"which will ultimately allow us to draw a line under past activities". "It is an opportunity for Anglo to employ a fully transparent approach to addressing the inappropriate activities that took place at the bank and provide comprehensive details to all stakeholders who deal with Anglo and who deal with Irish financial institutions generally." – Irish Independent, Feb 21 2009
When challenged as to why he was not nationalising banks (at this time the State had already nationalised Anglo Irish Bank and taken a 25 per cent stake in Bank of Ireland and AIB).
"I do really want to scotch the idea that there are huge risks to the taxpayer in the valuation process because we are not nationalising these institutions." – Irish Times,
Nama Bill, Dáil Eireann.
NAMA will ensure that credit flows again to viable businesses and households by cleansing the balance sheets of Irish banks. This is essential for economic recovery and the generation of employment. It will ensure that we avoid the Japanese outcome of zombie banks that are just ticking over and not making a vibrant contribution to economic growth. – Sept 16 2009
I am not prepared to contemplate the establishment of an entity that has no responsibility or accountability to this House. – Sept 16 2009
Nama Bill, Dáil Eireann
Nothing in the NAMA legislation will result in more repossessions of family homes. – October 14 2009
On the nationalisation of Anglo, during a debate on banking regulation in the Dáil
This decisive step was taken to safeguard the interest of the depositors of Anglo Irish Bank and the stability of the economy. I want to assure the House that this decisive step was taken to ensure the new nationalised bank will collect all debts due from persons who owe moneys to the institution. – Feb 18 2009
In response to written question from Kathleen Lynch
Taking account of the advice received the Government has proceeded with a comprehensive recapitalisation of Ireland's two main banks and with the nationalisation of Anglo Irish Bank. The Government is also in discussions with the other covered institutions, Irish Life & Permanent, Educational Building Society and Irish National Building Society concerning their respective positions. – Feb 18 2009
In response to a written question from Arthur Morgan
The recapitalised banks have reconfirmed their commitment to an extensive credit package which will help to increase lending capacity to small and medium enterprises by 10% and to provide an additional 30% capacity for lending to first time buyers in 2009. The credit package also provides for a €100m environmental and clean energy innovation fund to be established by each bank. All the steps that I have outlined have been taken by the Government to ensure that the public interest is secured so that the financial system in Ireland meets the everyday financial needs of individuals, businesses and the overall economy. – March 26 2009
Written answer to Arthur Morgan
Our approach will facilitate a sustained flow of credit on a commercial basis to individuals, households and businesses in the real economy. – July 8 2009
When questioned on the delays in implementing Nama legislation on Morning Ireland
"We can't have a lawyers' bonanza and that is another good reason why we have to get this right." – May 18 2009
Kicker; written answer to Joan Burton
Arthur Cox solicitors have been engaged by my Department since September 2008 to provide advice in relation to general banking matters including the Bank Guarantee scheme, the nationalisation of Anglo Irish Bank and the recapitalisation of AIB, Bank of Ireland and Anglo Irish Bank. The company was paid €1,628,024 in 2008 and €2,254,263 has been paid to date in 2009. The sum of €5.4 million has been allocated for legal advice for 2009 and an estimate of €3 million has been set aside for legal advice in 2010.
PriceWaterhouseCoopers was retained by the Financial Regulator in late 2008 to assist the Financial Regulator with a review of the financial and capital positions of Irish banks and to enable the Financial Regulator to advise the Government on what action needed to be taken. The work undertaken involved an initial high level assessment of the capital and liquidity levels of the institutions, stress testing of the institution's loan portfolios over a three year period, and review the valuation of properties held as collateral against the main property loans.
The total fees paid by the Financial Regulator to the company in respect of the work was €3.8 million, which has been completed. In addition, the Financial Regulator has paid €0.84 million to Jones Lang La Salle for financial and property consultancy services in relation to the Bank Guarantee Scheme.
The National Treasury Management Agency paid a total of €7.3 million to Merrill Lynch for investment banking advice up to 30 June 2009. Following a competitive tender process in July, Rothschild have now been awarded the contract for investment banking advice. The NTMA has also retained an economist however the terms of his contract with the NTMA were agreed on a confidential basis. In addition, following a competitive tender process, the NTMA engaged HSBC and Arthur Cox to provide advice in relation to NAMA. – Sept 22 2009
NOTE: I've gone through the Dáil record and archives of the Times and Indo, but haven't listened to radio or TV interviews. If anyone has a bit of time to go back and listen to a Morning Ireland/Prime Time/The Last Word/Whatever interview… t'would be useful.
* a word members of our Government like to use when scripting excuses for the negative outcomes that result from badly implemented policy or regulation. Usually follows "unforeseen".
accounting gimmickry, action on Jobs, Action on unemployment now!, Allied Irish Bank, Anglo Irish Bank, Annual Report & Accounts for Anglo Irish Bank, Bailing out the banks, Bank of Ireland, Brian Lenihian, Ernst & Young, Fiannia Fail, Finance Minister Brian Lenihan, financial irregularities at Anglo Irish Bank, Financial Services Regulatory Authority, Fine Gael, Government-guaranteed for Banks X Bank of Ireland X institutional investors X mortgage, Ireland's NTMA, Irelands New Financial Regulator, Irish Banking, Irish financial issues, Irish Financial News, Irish News, Irish Politics, Irish property News, Irish Taxpayers, IRISH TIMES, Irish Unemployment, irish-banks-derivative-trading-losses, Joan Burton, PricewaterhouseCoopers
Arthur Cox
Arthur Cox solicitors
Arthur Morgan
Educational Building Society
Irish National Building Society
Irish Nationwide
Jones Lang La Salle
Kathleen Lynch
Morning Ireland
Mr Fingleton
Olivia Mitchell FG
SIMON CARSWELL
The bank guarantee
A COMMON misconception about the AIB has certainly been more reckless than its long-time rival when it comes to developers but it remains to be seen how much businesses and home buyers will actually repay.
National Asset Management Agency is that it is taking on all the bad loans from the country's banks. In fact, the taxpayer is assuming responsibility for less than a quarter of the banks' enormous debt burden.
NAMA is taking loans from 1,000 large and medium-sized developers which means that it will own a cornucopia of fields, half-built office blocks, fully-built hotels and blocks of flats.
NAMA won't be taking control of the much larger number of loans used by companies to invest in equipment and factories, or the money borrowed by individuals to buy houses, cars and other consumer durables.
NAMA plans to take ownership of loans with a total value of €80bn while the combined value of the five NAMA banks' loan book is €362bn.
This means the bank loans that will pass into NAMA are somewhere between a fifth and a quarter | 2,851 |
El parque nacional de la Isla North Button<|fim_middle|>us gibbus y mero gigante.
Referencias
</ref>
Isla North Button
Islas Andamán y Nicobar
Áreas protegidas establecidas en 1987
India en 1987 | es un parque nacional en las islas de Andamán de la India. El parque tiene alrededor de 114 kilómetros cuadrados de extensión. Queda a 60 km de la ciudad más cercana de Long Island y el aeropuerto más próximo está en Port Blair que queda a 200 km del parque. Port Blair conecta, a través de vuelos regulares, con las ciudades indias de Calcuta, Madrás y Vishakhapatnam.
El parque nacional se estableció en 1979. Los mejores meses para visitarlo es de diciembre a marzo, pues de junio a octubre son meses lluviosos. Las actividades turísticas que se pueden desarrollar aquí son principalmente submarinismo y esnórquel.
Entre las especies que se pueden encontrar aquí, destaca el dudongo y los delfines, habiendo también ejemplares de varano acuático. Peces que se pueden encontrar en estas aguas son Lutjan | 228 |
All Medals of Michael Phelps
============================
Until Rio 2016, Michael Phelps got 22 medals including 18 gold ones. This makes you wonder if he
can remember all the medals he got. To make his life easier, we can easily generate a table with
all the medals. To do this<|fim_middle|> 3 of them being relay events and the remaining 5 being individual. This can by done
by using `'group data'.'by Event' after getting the data. The visualization [Medals by Event and
Games](shared/7/medals-by-event-and-games) shows the result.
| , we use `'by athlete'` and filter all the Olympic medals to look only
at Michael Phelps and then we display the result in a table.
```
let data =
olympics.'by athlete'.'United States'.'Michael Phelps'.data
.'filter columns'
.'drop Athlete'.'drop Gender'.'drop Gold'.'drop Discipline'
.'drop Silver'.'drop Bronze'.'drop Sport'.'drop Team'.then
.'get the data'
table.create(data).set(showKey=false)
```
```
"use strict";
var data = _series.series.ordinal(_restruntime.convertSequence(function (v) {
return v;
}, new _restruntime.RuntimeContext("http://thegamma-services.azurewebsites.net/pivot", "source=http://thegamma-services.azurewebsites.net/olympics", "")
.addTrace("athlete/noc-3=Michael+Phelps").addTrace("pivot-source=/data")
.addTrace("pivot-tfs=drop/Team/Sport/Bronze/Silver/Discipline/Gold/Gender/Athlete")
.getValue("/pivot/data")), "key", "value", "");
_tables.table.create(data).set(null, false).show("outathlete-drill-down");
```
If you want to change the athlete, you can modify the source code and type `.` after `'by athlete'`
on the second line. You can also do the same in "options" by picking a country and then choosing
an athlete.
For a more complicated modification, you can change the code to use grouping (similarly to the
visualizations counting medals per athlete) to find out that Michael Phelps medals from 8 different
disciplines, | 355 |
Churchill receives silver SFMI award
Posted on January 16, 2023 January 16, 2023 by Alison
We are delighted to announce that we have received a silver award from the Sustainable Facilities Management Index (SFMI). This is the second time Churchill has taken part in the assessment and improves on the bronze award received in 2021, marking our continued growth in sustainability and ESG.
The SFMI is run annually by sustainability consultancy Acclaro Advisory and is the only sustainability benchmark for the UK FM sector. Its purpose is to embed sustainability<|fim_middle|> this way."
2022's full results can be found in the 'SFMI Summary Report 2022'.
Churchill Group Press Releases Uncategorized
The Churchill Group appoints Julie Hollins as head of social value
How To Find A Job After Leaving Care
Colleagues take on marathon challenge for charity
How to change careers: Discover how Nadia embraced change to find a career she loves
Tweets by @@Churchill_Group | into the management and operations of the FM sector. It is an opportunity for businesses to improve their performance, make sustainability part of the evehttps://www.acclaro-advisory.com/ryday and be challenged on how to do more.
Acclaro assessed us against 23 different criteria in the Environmental, Governance and Social Value areas. Our score increased in each of these three areas compared with 2021, with the largest improvements seen in the 'governance' section. The award particularly recognised our advanced performance in the areas of management systems and compliance, with both topics being its highest scoring areas.
The SFMI silver award is the latest recognition of our ESG work. In 2022, the company achieved the gold medal for sustainability by EcoVadis, a global sustainability accreditor.
Hannah Dales, our Group Environment Manager, said: "We are delighted to have been awarded silver in the 2022 SFMI assessment. We are committed to embedding sustainability into our operations and culture, and it is fantastic to be recognised in | 220 |
On Easter Monday I decided to head to Doan in the Mournes for my first bivvy. It was also my first solo bivvy and first summit bivvy to boot, so was feeling pretty aprehensive about the whole idea. I kept worrying about all the things that could go wrong , in particular what I would happen if I got to the top and there was already someone else camped there? I tried not to worry too much and hit the road.
I parked at The Ott Carpark and made my way along the track. I had remember reading to turn right at the fork (what fork?) but i missed it and ended up traipsing through the boggy ground below. Caked in mud and with drenched feet, I was very relieved when I finally made it to the Mourne wall and set eyes on Doan. I had never been there before and was very keen to get to the summit before sunset. I hopped over the wall and made a bee line for the moutain, again tramping through the muddy bog. My "waterproof" trainers were pretty useless and I cursed myself that I hadn't packed some spare socks. When I eventually reached the path to the summit it was pretty straight forward and when I arrived at the top I was thankfully all alone. I took in the awesome views and tried to find the best place to set up camp. I decided on a nice wee spot just facing Ben Crom and unpacked my gear. I was looking forward heating up some super noodles on my Trangia, but unfortunatley my fuel had leaked all over my bag. I would have to make do with my flask of coffee and a Snickers.
I took in the beautiful sunset and was amazed at how remote and silent it felt. I really have never experienced anything like it. I spent most of the evening reading and watching the stars. I thought it would be pretty terrifying when the sun went down but I never once felt scared or threatened and actually found the whole experience very calming. I think being in the bivvy made me feel a bit more aware of what was going on around me. In<|fim_middle|> packed up my gear. I returned to the Ott car park the correct way this time and even spotted the fork I had missed the night before. When I got home my wife told me that I looked like I had been "on the razz and slept in a shop door way". It wasn't really the look I was going for but It was completely worth it .
With thanks to Neilers. Original thread here.
Thanks for your account & good to hear it's ok to leave the car in the Ott track car park overnight…I'm never sure about car parks in the Mournes…Doan sounds like a sweet summit bivvy! | a tent your mind can play tricks on you a bit when you hear the odd noise.
I Drifted off and woke at around 3am absolultley baltic. I thought by sleeping in my down jacket, my (ahem) Halfords Urban Esacpe Ultra Light sleeping bag would do the job. It didnt. I had no more clothes to put on, so I had remembered reading once that 'you warm the bag', so I tried to do as many sit-ups as possible to generate a bit of heat. It did help and I eventually nodded off and slept right through until 6. Waking up in a bivvy is also something I loved. Sitting up and looking round to take in your surroundings is just the best way to wake up.
I thought about the breakfast of Aeropress coffee and porridge I could have been having had my fuel not leaked, and | 183 |
Home » Anna Temby appointed as the new Literature Programme Manager
Anna Temby appointed as the new Literature Programme Manager
Asia House is pleased to announce that Anna Temby has been appointed as the new Literature Programme Manager from November 2017.
Anna<|fim_middle|> 2018 | has been involved in various publishing events and projects, predominantly in Asia. Anna possesses a range of literary, publicity and promotion skills that will be invaluable in her new role as Asia House Literature Programme Manager. She will be responsible for planning and implementing the annual Asia House Bagri Foundation Literature Festival as well as the year round literature programme.
Pamela Kember, Head of Arts and Learning at Asia House said: "We are incredibly thrilled to have Anna join us. This is an exciting and timely opportunity for us to reach new audiences and have greater impact and influence through our Arts and Learning programme and to building stronger literary partners nationally and internationally. We look forward to working with Anna and seeing what new literary programmes she will present to engage authors and audiences as we plan towards our 2018 signature Asia House Bagri Foundation Literature Festival. With her energy, and genuine passion for books and writers, combined with her impressive commercial background this makes Anna a perfect fit for our team".
Keen to continue to bring in a wider and more diverse audience, Anna said: 'I am delighted to be appointed to this role and look forward to working with the Bagri Foundation and the Asia House team. As the leading pan-Asian literature festival in the UK, we occupy a unique position and hope to inform, enthuse and ignite dialogue and debate amongst our audience. I am looking forward to building upon the strong roots of the festival and continuing to welcome diverse authors, speakers and cultural leaders to the programme.
Asia House announcements
Asia House Bagri Foundation Literature Festival 2016
Literature Festival | 320 |
Art in Ancient Egypt
The art of Ancient Egypt extends over a period of more than 3000 years. Ancient Egyptian art is very distinctive and easy to recognize. Although the art has evolved, it is also conservative, and several key elements and principles remain throughout the period. Particularly<|fim_middle|>rea Passport: is generally required when traveling to Eritrea, the passport must be valid for at least 6 months if the visa is granted. Visa: is generally required, exceptions are only for citizens of Uganda and Kenya. Visas are only issued in exceptional cases at the border. Transit: Transit travelers who travel […]
What to Do if My Luggage is Damaged?
Saara's Desert | typical is the use of profile in the two-dimensional art and the strict, frontal representation of the human body in statues.
Tutankhamon's gold arcs, solid gold, faience, glass flux and semi-precious stones. Height 184 cm. The king holds scepter and whip in his hands. 18th dynasty. The Egyptian Museum, Cairo.
Dancers and musicians, mural from a tomb in Teben. 18th dynasty. British Museum, London.
Sculpture depicting Prince Rahotep and Princess Nofret. Painted limestone, height 120 cm. 14th dynasty. Found in the Prince's tomb in Meidum. The Egyptian Museum, Cairo.
Column hall in the temple of the god of Amon in Karnak. This hall, which has 140 columns, was built under Seti 1 and Ramses 2.
Chestnut from Tutankhamon's grave. 18th dynasty. The jewelry is the only thing left intact. The Egyptian Museum, Cairo.
Ancient Egypt is also known for its monumental architecture in stone, especially the pyramids of the ancient kingdom, the great temples of the new kingdom and the royal and private rock tombs of the new kingdom.
Predynastic and Early Dynastic (2543 BCE)
Two red-necked geese and a gray goose, part of a mural with animal paintings in Meidum. Early 4th Dynasty. The Egyptian Museum, Cairo.
Khefren's pyramid at Giza outside Cairo, with the sphinx in the foreground. In the background to the left you can see Mykerinos' pyramid, the smallest of the three major pyramids.
From this period small figures, often very expressive, of animals and people in clay or ivory, as well as relief- adorned objects such as chambers and knife shafts in ivory and slate make-up palettes, have been preserved. In particular, the latter have been performed with great care and are highly artistic.
The pottery is decorated with dark figures on a light bottom. The motifs are partly geometric figures and partly stylized people and animals. During the first two dynasties (c. 2900–2543 BCE ), artistic development continues from the predynastic period.
The Ancient Empire (c. 2543–2120 BCE)
Queen Hatshepsut's temple facilities at Teben.
Under the old empire, monumental visual arts and architecture flourished. The art is subject to burial or religious purposes. Some of the most impressive tombs come from the Old Kingdom. To this era belong the great pyramids of Sakkara and Giza, with associated temples and other buildings (the great sphinx of Giza belongs to King Khefren 's tomb complex).
The pyramid, which houses the pharaoh 's mummy, is developed by the so-called mastaba, a tomb where the walls are sloping inward as on the lower part of a pyramid. The ceiling is flat. The dead man lay in a burial chamber under the mastaba. Some mastabas have several inner rooms, but two were essential, a chapel and a serdab, a room containing statues of the dead. These had to be portrait-like, since the deceased's ka (a term which is translated inaccurately by soul ) should be able to reside in them. Actually could take up residence in the body of the dead, which was embalmed and carefully protected from destruction, but if the mummy destroyed, the portrait statues could be used instead.
The portrait statues were constructed according to a strict frontal form that became the determinant of later Egyptian art just to Roman times. Standing statues have left legs set forward. Sitting statues are either made throne with parallel legs or sitting on the ground with crossed legs or in a kneeling position. Standing stone statues (the materials vary from limestone and sandstone to harder rocks such as granite ) have a backing, while wooden and metal statues lack this. Statues in the latter materials are rare, but can be cited as an example of a copper statue of Pepi 1 (ca. 2276–2228 BCE).
The statues of God are made on the same form as the portrait statues, except that the head is idealized. Several gods are also presented with animal heads or in complete animal form. The rooms inside the tombs of the old kingdom are decorated with reliefs. They were painted, as was the case with the statues. Due to their polychromy and flatness (sometimes cut into the background, so-called negative relief), the reliefs are very close to the surface art.
The reliefs are people are prepared in a perspective which were also common in other old Høykulturer which the Mesopotamian or archaic Greek, with head and legs in profile, shoulders and chest from front waist portion in the 3/4 profile. The eye is unlike the other facial features seen from the front. When it came to slaves and other low-ranking people, one could move from this perspective and into a more lively and naturalistic representation. The same was true of depictions of animals, which often reveal fine nature. Common in Egyptian flat art is also the perspective of importance, where more important people are produced on a larger scale than the others.
The motifs are often sacrificial offerings to the deceased or scenes from daily life that one hoped would repeat in the hereafter. The many small models of houses and boats and statuettes of servants and livestock found in Egyptian tombs have the same symbolism. An integral part of flat art is hieroglyphs, itself a pictorial. Many of the characters are independent works of art.
The Middle Kingdom (c. 1980–1760 BCE)
The portrait statues of the 11th and 12th dynasties are particularly high. Several of them have a melancholy and tired expression, especially the statues of King Senuseret 3. This can symbolize an earnest king burdened by the duties and worries of power.
In the sculpture one can also notice a tendency to preserve an idea of the original stone block the sculpture is carved out of. Some figures, especially sitting ones, are somehow not released from the block.
The New Kingdom (c. 1550–1069 BCE)
Queen Nefertari, Ramses 2's Queen (19th Dynasty) is led by Isis in a relief from Nefertari's tomb in the Queen's Valley at Teben. Nefertari wears the feather crown of the goddess.
The New Kingdom art builds on the stylistic principles of the past with great technical mastery and security. Details, such as coat folders and hair locks, are given great weight and often have a decorative touch. Compared to previous eras, the new realm's artwork seems lighter and more elegant, but this can go into pure exterior, smoothness and monotony. The latter can be seen particularly clearly in the colossal statues and the great temple reliefs with their endless sacrifice processions and depictions of Pharaoh's campaign.
During the 18th dynasty, Teben became the capital of the entire kingdom. In and around the city center, a number of beautifully decorated temples have been preserved, such as the Luxor and Karnak temples on the east bank of the Nile and the tombs of Hatshepsut, Ramses 2 and Ramses 3 on the west bank. Here also lies the Valley of the Kings, where the pharaohs were buried in rock graves. With the exception of Tutankhamon's tomb, all have been plundered in antiquity, so that only the richly painted decorations testify to the splendor of the past. In the burial grounds of the Qurna officials, distinguished families' graves are scattered across a larger area. The paintings in these tombs are often of the same quality as those in the Valley of the Kings.
A peculiar interplay in the art of the new kingdom forms the Amarna era under Pharaoh Akhenaten (c. 1353–1336 BCE). In the context of the religious upheaval, visual art breaks with previous traditions. As a result, it gains greater freedom and freshness, which is particularly evident in nature studies. On the other hand, the art of Amarna is not free from dull features, such as when the royal peculiarities of the royal family are exaggerated and, moreover, transmitted to the representations of court people and dignitaries. Due to its originality, the art of Amarna has been given much attention, but in Egyptian art history it is only a parenthesis. The style is partly left behind a short time after the Akhenaten, under Tutankhamon. Then the style returns to the old. Tutankhamon is particularly famous because his tomb with all its magnificent tombs was preserved to our time. The items show how high the furniture and goldsmiths reached Egypt.
Third Transition Period and Sendynastic Time (1069–332 BCE)
Ramses 2's tomb temple, Ramesseum, on the west bank of the Nile at Teben, 19th Dynasty.
The art of the third transitional period and the transmigratory era shows strong tendencies to emulate the style of earlier periods, both in terms of proportions and design. This is especially common in the 25th and 26th dynasties, where the statues of the old kingdom were imitated. From this time there are also several examples of reuse and recycling of past art. For example, a sarcophagus from the tomb of King Merenptah of the 19th Dynasty was moved to Tanis and reused by King Psusennes 1.
From the third transitional period several good examples of very high quality metal art have been preserved. Here can be mentioned the silver sarcophagi to King Psusennes 1 and Sheshonk 2 from the royal tombs of Tanis.
Greco-Roman times (332 BCE – 395 BCE)
With the Greek influence in Egypt, which became especially strong during the Ptolemies (304-30 BCE), pure Greek works of art in the Hellenistic style were created, partly a mixture of art that shows both Greek and Egyptian features and partly traditional Egyptian style. This pattern continued into Roman times, although the pure Egyptian style eventually gave way to Greco-Roman impulses.
During Roman times, Egyptian art gained local features, such as a stronger degree of linearity and abstraction. This style forms the basis of Coptic art in ancient Christian Egypt. Coptic frescoes (the monasteries of Bawit and elsewhere) and textile arts are particularly high. Coptic art remained, albeit in a reduced version, even after the Arab conquest of Egypt about 640 AD.
Tagged Egypt
Visa requirements Passport: is generally required for trips to Sao Tome and Principe, the passport must still be valid for at least 6 months upon departure. Visa: is generally required. Application: Consular section of the embassy in Brussels (see Sao Tome and Principe – important addresses). No visas are issued at Sao Tomé Airport. Documents: […]
Arts and crafts In Guinea-Bissau's art history, the folk group Bidyogo's arts and crafts have been particularly noted, among others. anthropomorphic wooden sculptures, characterized by the lower part of the sculpture forming a pallet. Bidyogo also produces zoomorfa wooden masks that depict e.g. oxen, sharks and swordfish in a mainly naturalistic form. The masks, which […]
Visa requirements for Erit | 2,426 |
What do you do when you have a goal that you want to achieve? Does it just live in your mind, teasing you occasionally from a distance?
Do you find yourself saying you will get around to it when you have the time?
Well, if you want to get serious about achieving your goals, you need to take action, and you need to take it now.
There is no better time to get started, even if that means taking a proverbial baby step.
And that's because that is how goals are achieved.
Now, you might be wondering what does it look like to take action on your goals?
To get started taking action towards accomplishing your goals, you need to take it out of the realm of your mind and put it down in writing.
This is the first step and it is important.
Something happens when you actively express your goal by putting pen to paper: It forces you to think clearly about what it is you actually want. Then you see it in front of you and it starts to take life.
Once it becomes an external object, it works to compel your behaviour in a way that it can't do if it is only a thought that visits you from time to time.
There is reason why carpenters and designers start with rough sketches.
The idea is to make all the mistakes on paper, and flesh out the project into the smaller steps that are needed in order to reach the end-goal.
The same process applies with your personal or professional aspirations.
Once you clearly and externally express your goal, the next step is to deconstruct it into the action steps you will take one at a time.
This is a more involved process, but it is mandatory if you want to work efficiently towards your dream and not cave in to overwhelm.
Plan out your strategy, ask yourself the hard questions, and remember that the more details you cover<|fim_middle|> above questions and need help, a goal and accountability coach will be able to help you move forward.
Another important element in successfully achieving your goals, is sharing them with the right people.
And by right people, I mean those who will truthfully and honestly give you their knowledgeable opinions and insights when asked.
You simply do not need naysayers in your corner.
Many people are automatically hardwired to see things negatively, whether they have knowledge or not.
You want mentors who understand the path to success and can encourage and motivate you to take the right steps towards your vision.
Successful people understand this and seek to surround themselves with mentors, coaches and other successful people.
I'm sure you've heard the old adage. While cheesy, it is true…if you want to fly high, you've got to fly with the eagles.
Don't wait to get started working towards your goals, or time and opportunity will pass you by.
If you have a goal, dream or vision, start by writing it out and get the process going.
Seek out those who can assist you with positive feedback, insights and support, and who will help motivate you to take consistent action.
If you do these steps, one day you will look back on your journey of accomplishment and see how it all started by deciding what you wanted and expressing it clearly.
You can indeed create your own lifestyle, you just have to take action! | , the greater chance of success you will enjoy.
Those hard questions can include, "What tasks/projects/goals have I been avoiding taking action on? What habits do I need to change in order to have success with my goals? What do I need to give up in order to have time/energy for my goals?" These are just a few examples.
If you are struggling with the | 77 |
Few things hold more sway over a client's opinions than the opinions of others. By sharing positive feedback and using phrases such as "here is what our other clients think", you can leverage social proof to reassure your client that your product or service is held in high opinion by those who have already tried it.
First impressions are crucial in sales. Most people, however, tend to base their first impressions on their emotions rather than the facts they are presented. Before you start bombarding a prospective client with stats and facts, be sure to take a couple minutes to develop a positive connection with them.
If you get a prospective client agreeing with you early on, it will be more difficult for them to change their position when it comes time to close the sale. You may want to get them to agree that a particular feature of your product is useful or that an aspect of your service could save them time. However if you do it, get your clients "on board" early on and they'll be more likely to stay that way.
One great way to get hesitant clients to close the deal is to build scarcity. Offering an exclusive number of spots for a service or a "limited time only" deal are both effective examples of building scarcity.
It may sound counterintuitive, but giving your client an "out" in the form of a comment that allows them to back out of the sale displays confidence in your product or service and will often increase their trust in you if you get the feeling you may have pressured them too heavily.
Clients want to feel as if they and their business are special to you, so avoid fully<|fim_middle|> know, it's how to talk. A good salesperson, though, must also know how to listen. Active listening allows you to better understand where your client is coming from and modify your pitch in the moment to make it more effective. This is the best way to handle objections and apply the correct closing techniques.
You've got to be careful about being overly aggressive, but if a client has already said "no", it can sometimes be beneficial to ask them "what can I do to change your mind?". If the client is willing to talk about their hangups, you may be able to address them and potentially turn a "no" into a "yes".
Learning to apply the right sales techniques at the right time is essential to successful selling. Of course there are several ways to increase profits in a business, but the one that you will always have the most control over is how you choose to sell. And mastering this art will unlock more doors than you can imagine.
© Brian Tracy, first published 26 Oct 2017. | rehearsed pitches and try to adjust the language of your pitch based on the client's age, personality, position, and other traits.
Decision makers love to be reminded that they are decision makers. When closing a sale, say something along the lines of "you seem like an action-oriented person, so are we going to move forward with this or let this opportunity slip by?". Phrases such as this stroke the ego of clients and push them towards action rather than inaction.
If a client starts arguing your points for you, they'll be much more effective. Tactics such as mentioning that they seem more interested than you expected or even taking the reverse stance and saying it may not be the right product for them can get clients talking about the advantages of your product for themselves.
Everyone loves a good story, and stories sell more than stats. Tell a compelling story about your product or one of its satisfied users and you'll have your prospect's interests piqued.
Variety is the spice of life. If you are able to offer your client options - whether it be package options, payment options, or something else - they will feel more in control and therefore be more likely to buy from you.
Once you've broken the ice and got a client to commit to the sale, there's no better time to try and upsell them. Clients who have just purchased from you will be more likely than ever to go ahead and pay a little bit more for an additional product or a more premium service.
If there's one thing salespeople | 307 |
News Khabib Nurmagomedov has no Plan after Tony Ferguson; The Eagle planning to retire?
Khabib Nurmagomedov has no Plan after Tony Ferguson; The Eagle planning to retire?
by Jack Ol Wed Dec,2019
Khabib Nurmagomedov has done enough to keep himself in the Lightweight GOAT talks. Having compiled an undefeated 28-0<|fim_middle|>49 on April 18 in Brooklyn, New York. He is also linked to a rematch with Conor McGregor if both the fighters pass their upcoming bout.
Khabib Nurmagomedov UFC News
AD Here (After Content) | record in the MMA, he has an 11-0 win streak in the UFC and recent reports claimed that the Eagle doesn't have a further plan after his bout against Tony Ferguson scheduled for UFC 249.
The lightweight champion, who has been hinting retirement, was also advised by his father to make an exit from MMA early. The Russian fighter indicated that his retirement is very near and his UFC 249 appearance could even be the last of his career.
"Well, we don't have a plan for when we're going to finish but I do know it is not over the mountains, as they say. That time is very close."
Khabib revealed in his recent interview.
"I don't want to think about the future, I still have to live to April, I still have to fight, I need to win. So, I don't like to look too far ahead. Now we have an opponent, Tony Ferguson, a very serious opponent. And I think it's necessary to have this fight then we'll sit down and think about what's next.
"We'll consider whether there's any point in fighting any more. There will always be a reason to fight, money. But will we need it? We'll think about it. I feel good now. I'm 31 and it's a very good age to fight, and for sport. I'm far from retirement age, but it's around the corner."
Khabib will defend his UFC lightweight title against Tony Ferguson at UFC 2 | 309 |
You are Here: Home » News » News Headlines » Family's shock at finding farm included in development plan
Family's shock at finding farm included in development plan
Date published: 07 February 2019
Photo:<|fim_middle|> being counted, we do think we can turn their heads into some sort of changes. At the moment I don't think they are listening to anybody.
"They don't seem to be wanting to listen to us, if they listened to us, we could put ideas forward and stop building on the green belt. There could be other ideas put forward when it comes to development – and industrial development as well."
Rochdale Council is urging residents and land owners to have their say on the latest Greater Manchester Spatial Framework proposals.
The consultation can be found on the Greater Manchester Combined Authority web site.
Nick Statham, Local Democracy Reporter
Office Supplies Now Free next day delivery - Stationery - Printer Cartridges - Office Furniture. 10 years providing top quality office supplies. 01706 516360. | Google, DigitalGlobe
Dig Gate Farm, Milnrow
A farming family has told of their horror upon discovering their home and land had been earmarked for houses and employment space under the latest draft of the region's development masterplan.
Paul and Diane Glynn live at Dig Gate Farm, near Milnrow, which is included within the proposed Kingsway South site under the latest version of the Greater Manchester Spatial Framework.
Under the plans Kingsway Business Park would extend across the M62 to provide an extra 310,000 square feet of employment space, while 700 new homes would also be built close to Junction 21 of the M62 'North East Corridor'.
But the fact their home – from which they run three businesses – and farming land had been included within one of the spatial framework allocation sites came as an unwelcome shock to the Glynn family.
"My dad phoned me up and said he had seen it – I didn't believe him," said Mrs Glynn.
But upon contacting council officials, she was told the family farm was indeed earmarked in the blueprint.
This immediately set alarm bells ringing as the farm buildings on the current Kingsway Business Park, were all forcibly bought by the council under Compulsory Purchase Order (CPO) powers.
She said: "We are very worried, because the land on the other side was CPO'd, the farmers didn't get a choice – if they want the land, they will take it. That was brownfield, this is green belt, so it will be a bit more difficult, but not impossible."
"People say it won't happen in our lifetime, but we want to be here forever and pass it on to our children. That's what farming families do."
Senior council officers stress that the plan currently under consultation is a draft – and could change depending on the responses received from landowners and residents during the current consultation period.
Mrs Glynn says she has been to consultation events and been asked why she is so concerned, as the development is some years off and will be dependent on Kingsway Business Park being fully occupied.
But she says this has not offered her any sense of reassurance.
"How does that work," she said. "If they are grabbing land now, what will they do? They say they don't like land-banking, but what are their intentions?"
"At the time Kingsway Business Park was 40 per cent occupied, why on earth did they need any more industrial units?"
The spatial framework document says that access to and from the site in the would be via a new connection from the M62 at an upgraded Junction 21 and a new over-bridge to link the site with Kingsway Business Park.
Yet Mrs Glynn says this bridge would have to go through her family's farmland.
"Is this what they want to do to us? Board it up, grab the land as part of a green belt grab and possibly build on it if Kingsway fills up?
"And they want to know what the problem is and why we are so worried!"
The new homes would include 'higher value properties' – for professionals who would work in advanced manufacturing, engineering and logistics at the extended Kingsway Business Park.
But Mrs Glynn, says this would be of no benefit to sons Mark, 25, Reece 23 and 20-year-old daughter Leanne, all of whom still live at home.
"The houses are supposed to be for directors and executives, so again the kids are missing out. They are still all at home because they want to live in Milnrow but can't afford to live in the area."
Planners say a 'significant proportion' of the east of the site would be retained as green belt, to maintain the separation between High Crompton and Newhey.
But Mrs Glynn added: "They don't understand living in a village, they are trying to create a town, but it's a village, with a village spirit."
Chris Sandham, of Save Our Villages – Milnrow and Newhey – is fighting against the proposals for Kingsway South – as well as plans for a further 250 homes at Newhey Quarry.
He claims that the infrastructure of the area would not be able to cope with the developments – and that 'precious' countryside would be lost.
He said: "The countryside is very special to people, it's the breathing space between Rochdale and Oldham, it's the lungs of the area.
"And it's also for our health reasons it's a good thing, because of the mental health and wellbeing part of it. If we lose this it will just become an urban sprawl, I don't think people will enjoy living around here."
Mr Sandham says he is concerned increased traffic congestion will lead to higher levels of air pollution. And villagers also fear that schools and doctors surgeries will not cope with a significantly larger population.
"I don't think councils are thinking about the existing population that will affected by all these problems that will come along," he said.
Campaigners also want planners to look again at potential brownfield sites and whether there is extra scope for building in and around town centres.
And Mr Sandham says the group remains optimistic that the spatial framework could be significantly changed through the ongoing public consultation.
He said: "Yes, we do have hope, that's why we're standing up and | 1,101 |
Classrooms are changing. Many five-year olds are now as comfortable swiping a tablet as holding a pen. And googling facts – rather than looking them up in textbooks – is already the norm.
While children in developed countries are regularly learning with tablets, interactive smart whiteboards or even augmented reality, for the developing world, the potential changes that technology can bring are on a different scale altogether.
Here, EdTech is changing the whole concept of a school or classroom, making schooling possible where it has not been before.
According to Unesco, 263 million children or adolescents around the world are not attending school – that is one in every five young people. And very little progress has been made when it comes to reducing that figure in recent years.
This is one of the reasons the Varkey Foundation has created the Next Billion EdTech prize, which recognises leading start-ups making an impact on education in low<|fim_middle|> our world.
Find out more in Next Billion EdTech Summit @GESF sessions. | income and emerging economies.
Here's how some of the 2018 finalists introduced at the Global Education and Skills Forum are changing the traditional concept of a classroom.
From Pashto to Persian, refugees often have language skills that are of value to students leading a much more privileged existence elsewhere.
This realisation led to the creation of Chatterbox, an online language school and overall winner of 2018's Next Billion prize. Chatterbox harnesses the wasted talent of unemployed professionals who have had to flee their homeland, offering them work as language tutors.
With some fairly straightforward tech – such as online booking forms and video classrooms – refugees and language learners from all over the world can be brought together.
The refugees have often had to leave their livelihoods behind and can then find themselves in new countries with very limited ways of supporting themselves. With some basic training as a language tutor, they can find a new way of earning money, as well as regaining a sense of purpose and professional satisfaction.
In a connected world, it may be time to redefine the traditional notion of a teacher.
Globalization has brought many benefits, but it has also left many people behind. And the same is true of digitalization.
In a world of constant change due to the pace of technological innovation, it can be easy to forget that more than half the world does not have access to the internet yet. And when there is a connection, it may well be slow and intermittent.
Although there has been a proliferation of e-learning - and Moocs (Massive Online Open Courses) in particular – it has proven difficult to make sure those resources are equally available in the developing world.
The frustrating reality of trying to learn with limited connectivity was one of the reasons that Tunde Alawode founded the EdTech start-up Dot Learn, after having taken part in online classes from MIT's Open Courseware platform from Nigeria.
Dot Learn is a technology that reduces the file size of learning videos so that only one hundredth of the original bandwidth is required. At current data prices in Kenya and Nigeria, this means a student or learner can access five hours of online learning for about the same cost as sending a single text message.
The file-compressing app has already helped more than 50,000 students in West Africa study for the regional university entrance exam.
And it offers content providers the opportunity to reach potentially billions of users for whom online learning would otherwise be impractical or expensive.
From traditional classrooms to university faculties, it's becoming increasingly apparent that buildings are no longer necessary in order to gain an education.
TeachMeNow is an EdTech platform that facilitates personalised learning at home, in the office, or on the move. And thousands of users from around the world are taking classes through the website on a daily basis.
Whatever students want to learn – anything from homework to help with specific exams or a completely new skill – can be requested from a database of experts.
The idea is that both learners and tutors will be able to take much more control of their own learning, agreeing their own timetable, price and content.
And such platforms certainly underline the fact that teachers no longer have to be in the same room, or even country.
EdTech entrepreneurs like these determined changemakers will be recognised again at this year's Global Education and Skills Forum. Together, these technology pioneers are innovating in ways that could have a significant impact on | 690 |
Skype is a very useful app for connecting face-to-face with colleagues, friends, and prospects when you're physically separated. Its video conference calls, screen sharing, and instant messaging are relationship-building tools we've come to know and trust.
In this Modern Workplace post, we will cover how Nimble offers rich relationship insights and vital account intelligence to help you connect more effectively with the people you're meeting, log follow up actions, and follow through on tasks directly on Skype.
To begin, you will need to ensure that you have installed the Nimble Smart Contacts App to your browser. The Smart Contacts App enables you to bring Nimble with you anywhere you work on the web from Microsoft Edge, Chrome, Firefox, or Safari. Add new contacts to your account, as<|fim_middle|> icon in the upper right-most corner.
Share Profile: Thinking of introducing this Skype contact to a colleague? The "Share Profile" option opens Nimble in a new tab and brings you right to a pre-populated email with the contact's Smart Summary details, containing relevant information from social profiles that have been added to their contact record in Nimble.
Enter New Data: While chatting with a contact in Skype, your contact might share sales intelligence — such as deal insights, a direct phone number, private email address, mailing address, or other information — that you'd like to record in the corresponding Nimble fields. Contact record access includes any custom data fields you may have created within the Nimble web app. Selecting this option enables you to add those details directly to their Nimble record.
Report Incorrect Data: Enables you to mark social profile data as incorrect if needed.
Delete: Deletes the contact from your Nimble account.
Add Task: Set a follow-up reminder, or any other action item related to this contact to follow up.
Add Note: Log a note regarding your Skype conversation in the contact's Nimble contact record.
Add Deal: Create a Deal (possibly a sales opportunity, or a project you may be working on related to the contact) on any pipeline you have created within your Nimble account.
Add Log Touch: The "Log Touch" feature enables you to add a note to the contact's Nimble record, and also provides you with the option to manually update the contact's Stay in Touch reminder. This is great for logging notes about your Skype meetings.
The envelope icon provides you with a variety of ways to communicate with your contact as a follow up, including email, Twitter mention, or direct message. Facebook and Linkedin options bring you directly to the corresponding message options on their respective networks.
The contact's record itself within the widget behaves exactly as it does when you are logged into the Nimble web app. You can mark your contact important or set a Stay in Touch reminder, as well as manage tags and Lead Details information.
Additionally, our Prospector feature is available to help fill in any "blanks" for your contact, such as missing phone numbers, email addresses, and company addresses for contacts outside the EU. Simply click the green "Search Contact Info" button to get started, with just your contact's First Name, Last Name, and Company Name/Domain.
For a full walkthrough of this powerful feature, click here.
Lastly, the Nimble Smart Contacts App provides you with the ability to view all the information you have on file for the contact you are viewing. This can be done by either scrolling continuously, or by selecting the "Profile" option at the top of the widget.
Smart Summary: Pulls together insights from social profiles that have been matched to this contact in Nimble, such as work experience, areas of influence, location, investment details if available, and websites associated with the contact.
Social Profiles: A detailed listing of the contact's social profiles.
Stream: Review the contact's Twitter stream directly from within Nimble, to hear what they are saying on social. This can be especially useful in making your outreach to that person a little bit more relevant and authentic if you'd like to reference any of these recent posts in your conversation with them.
Signals: Easily keep track of all mentions and/or retweets of you from this contact via Twitter.
Activities: Review upcoming and previous tasks and calendar events related to this contact.
Notes: View any notes that you or your team members have logged on the contact's record.
Deals: Check on the status of any deal listed on your Nimble pipelines.
Messages: All of your email conversation history with the contact, as well as mentions, retweets, and DM's from Twitter will be listed here.
Using the Nimble Smart Contacts App browser widget within Skype on the web enables you to conveniently and effortlessly look up social and business insights about the people participating in the Skype conversation. You can also add Skype contacts to your Nimble account and follow up by taking nearly every action that you would be able to while viewing their full contact record within the Nimble web app. | well as look up and take action on existing contacts.
Next, visit Skype.com and select the option to "Sign in." Then, select the option to use Skype online.
Log into your Skype account and you will be brought to the browser equivalent of the Skype App.
Now, you're ready to access vital context and relationship intelligence stored in your Nimble database within the context of your Skype conversation, without switching tabs.
To learn more about the people you're meeting, open up the Nimble Smart Contacts App browser widget by clicking on the Nimble icon in your browser's toolbar. The widget will open on the right-hand side of your screen and (if they are already in your team's CRM) you can look up email, social, and appointment correspondence they have had with anyone on your team. You can also look up social and business insights about who your key contacts are and what their businesses are all about.
When you are ready, you can add the contact to Nimble to track and nurture the relationship by selecting the green "Add to Nimble" button.
Nimble makes it easy to share contact profiles, edit records, add tasks, export them to Dynamics and more, just like you can using Nimble's web app.
Let's walk through the actions you might take using the Nimble Smart Contacts app browser widget, starting with the three-dot | 274 |
Marcello's, a Chicago<|fim_middle|> would match 150 hours of generator use. After this time, the system will be paid off and should prove to be cost effective.
The two are also looking towards the future, looking to invest in other eco-friendly projects. They are planning to purchase other food trucks, this time with electric ovens that could also be powered by the solar panels. They are also interested in composting leftover food in their restaurants and moving towards more recyclable/compostable packaging in their delivery and wholesale businesses. Further into the future, Zack is hoping to start an organic farm from which the restaurants could source their produce. However, today the pair are happy to continue learning from their endeavors and driving their family business into the future. | pizza business that opened it's doors in 1947 and was the first to offer delivery service in Chicago, is once again at the frontier of innovation. The father and son duo, Billy and Zack Bauer, are the third and fourth generations to be involved in the family business. Marcello's has multiple restaurant locations throughout Chicago and the North suburbs as well as a pizza wholesale sector. Today, the family is going above and beyond, pushing the bounds of food truck sustainability with a solar powered truck designed by Zack.
The pair's interest in protecting the environment came from their time spent in the Colorado mountains. Billy studied at Fort Lewis College in Durango and his son is now a rising senior at the school, where he studies sustainable environmental and agricultural practices. Zack has brought his passion for environmental conservation to his family's business, working with his father to implement more green practices in their restaurants. The food truck was one of the first eco-friendly projects that the business has taken on. In the words of Billy, these new initiatives are a balance of economics, customer satisfaction, and sustainability.
When Marcello's purchased their first food truck three years ago, making sure the truck was environmentally friendly was a priority. The process of ordering solar panels, an inverter, and batteries was surprisingly simple. Four batteries power the lights, conveyor belts, fans, and the other electrical appliances. With only two hours needed for charging time, the truck can run up to five hours on the four batteries charged completely from solar power. All of the materials needed for the solar power system were purchased in a kit and installed by Billy, Zack, and restaurant employees.
While the pair invested about $3,000 in implementing the solar power system, Zack believes the investment will pay off. So far, they have been able to run the food truck appliances for five hours using their six solar-powered batteries. However, when the truck was entirely powered by the generator, every two hours cost them about $40. A short calculation shows that the upfront cost of the solar power system | 414 |
Models and Methods
Modularity and anti-modularity in networks with arbitrary degree distribution
Arend Hintze1Email author and
Christoph Adami1Email author
© Hintze and Adami; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2010
Much work in systems biology, but also in the analysis of social network and communication and transport infrastructure, involves an in-depth analysis of local and global properties of those networks, and how these properties relate to the function of the network within the integrated system. Most often, systematic controls for such networks are difficult to obtain, because the features of the network under study are thought to be germane to that function. In most such cases, a surrogate network that carries any or all of the features under consideration, while created artificially and in the absence of any selective pressure relating to the function of the network being studied, would be of considerable interest.
Here, we present an algorithmic model for growing networks with a broad range of biologically and technologically relevant degree distributions using only a small set of parameters. Specifying network connectivity via an assortativity matrix allows us to grow networks with arbitrary degree distributions and arbitrary modularity. We show that the degree distribution is controlled mainly by the ratio of node to edge addition probabilities, and the probability for node duplication. We compare topological and functional modularity measures, study their dependence on the number and strength of modules, and introduce the concept of anti-modularity: a property of networks in which nodes from one functional group preferentially do not attach to other nodes of that group. We also investigate global properties of networks as a function of the network's growth parameters, such as smallest path length, correlation coefficient, small-world-ness, and the nature of the percolation phase transition. We search the space of networks for those that are most like some well-known biological examples, and analyze the biological significance of the parameters that gave rise to them.
Growing networks with specified characters (degree distribution and modularity) provides the opportunity to create surrogates for biological and technological networks, and to test hypotheses about the processes that gave rise to them. We find that many celebrated network properties may be a consequence of the way in which these networks grew, rather than a necessary consequence of how they work or function.
This article was reviewed by Erik van Nimwegen, Teresa Przytycka (nominated by Claus Wilke), and Leonid Mirny. For the full reviews, please go to the Reviewer's Comments section.
Degree Distribution
Cluster Coefficient
Giant Component
Modularity Measure
Network Growth
The representation of complex interacting systems as networks has become commonplace in modern science [1–5]. While such a representation in terms of nodes and edges is near-universal, the systems so described are highly diverse. They range from biological (e.g., protein interaction graphs, metabolic reaction networks, neuronal connection maps) over engineering (blueprints, circuit diagrams, communication networks) to social systems (friends, collaboration, or citation networks). One of the hallmarks of human-designed systems appears to be their modularity [6]: systems designed in a modular fashion are more robust to component failure, can be quickly repaired by switching out defective modules, and their designs are easier to understand for a human engineer. Systems that emerged via biological evolution rather than design do not have to be easily understandable, but robustness and repair are still important characteristics. Beyond those, it appears that biological systems need to be evolvable [7–9]. While this criterion seems circular because obviously biological systems have evolved, there are differences in the degree of evolvability, which determine how well a system can adapt to changing environments. Modularity has been identified as possibly a key ingredient in evolvability, because it can both supply mutational robustness via the isolation of components and fast adaptation via the recombination of parts, or by altering the connections between the modules [8, 10–13]. While our intuitive understanding of modularity is simple (from a designer's point of view) as "discrete entities whose function is separable from those of other modules" [10], the identification of modules from a representation of the system as a network is not straightforward. Commonly, modules in networks are identified via clustering algorithms that identify groups of strongly interconnected nodes that are only weakly connected to other such nodes [14–17], but often information external to the purely topological structure is used to determine modular relationships, such as co-regulation [18, 19] or evolutionary conservation [20–22]. When the modular or community structure of a network is given or known, different measures exist to quantify the extent of modularity in the network [17, 23–27].
Another defining characteristic of networks is their edge (or degree) distribution: the probability p(k) that a randomly chosen node of the network has k edges. Regular graphs, for example, are networks where each node has exactly the same number of edges as any other (a square lattice is a regular graph of degree four, except for the edge and corner nodes). Graphs can also be constructed randomly, by adding edges between nodes with a fixed probability. The first description of the connectivity distribution of such random graphs is due to Erdös and Rényi [28–30] and Solomonoff and Rapoport [31]. These authors found that the distribution of edges in such graphs is binomial, or, in the limit of a large number of nodes, approximately Poisson. While networks with such a degree distribution can be found in social interaction and engineering networks [32], they are comparatively rare in nature. For example, the edge distribution of the only biological neural network mapped to date (the brain of the nematode C. elegans) [33] is consistent with that of an Erdös-Rényi network [32, 34].
Most other networks found in nature, however, have a scale-free edge distribution, implying that just a few nodes have very many edges, while most nodes are connected to only a few. The emergence of this scale-free degree distribution can be understood in many different ways [35–38] (see also [39, 40]) and usually requires a growth process where either nodes with many edges preferentially attach to other nodes with many edges, or else grow via node duplication and mutation [41] (see [42] for a review of growth models). Indeed, graphs obtained by a growth process appear to show preferential attachment naturally [37] (because the oldest nodes usually have more edges than younger nodes) and are fundamentally different from those where edges are placed between nodes probabilistically [43]. Many other network's degree distributions are the result of a growth process even though the models currently in existence cannot produce them. The model we present here can be used to generate a wide variety of networks, and can be used to study a number of practical issues that arise when studying networks. For example, the model can falsify any hypothesis about network evolution that claims that a particular functional constraint is necessary for the evolution of a network feature, because no constraints other than the growth process and module connectivity restrictions are placed on the process. The purpose of this work is to produce a tool that allows a user to create networks with baseline characteristics to study network growth, and produce null models for the purpose of hypothesis testing. At the same time, the model can be used to create hypotheses about the processes that were in force historically when a network was formed, by finding the parameters that produce networks with similar structure.
For most of the applications studied here, we use a set of five independent probabilities to grow networks, which is not sufficient to produce networks with arbitrary degree distributions, but which appear to produce most of the biologically and technologically relevant degree distributions while generating many interesting distributions interpolating between them. In order to generate any particular degree distribution, the parameters in an assortativity matrix allow you to specify a network's ultimate connectivity directly. We use this matrix predominantly to generate graphs with defined functional modules, and study how modularity depends on a number of different parameters. We also introduce a new measure of functional modularity that only takes into account whether or not nodes that have been assigned to the same functional group connect to each other. Using this measure, we can show that some classes of networks can be anti-modular, that is, they show a tendency of nodes with the same functional assignment not to be connected to each other. Finally, we use the network growth model to investigate global properties of networks, and study the set of parameters giving rise to networks similar to well-known biological networks.
A fundamental difference between random graphs (defined as graphs obtained via a random process of edge addition resulting in degree distributions of the Erdös-Rényi type) and networks with scale-free edge distribution is thought to be the way in which these networks are generated. Scale-free networks are usually generated by growth via preferential attachment [35, 43–46] or else grown via duplication with subsequent diversification [41, 47, 48]. For some networks (mostly metabolic reaction networks [49, 50]) preferential attachment is not sufficient to explain their degree distribution [51]. Here we describe an algorithm that will grow networks with a broad range of degree distributions based on a growth model with only a few parameters. Depending on those parameters, we can obtain Erdös-Rényi-like graphs, networks with scale-free degree distribution, small-world networks, regular graphs and lattices, bi-partite and k-partite graphs, and anything in between. In addition, this algorithm is able to grow those networks with any degree of modularity and arbitrary size. The growth parameters can even be chosen in such a way that the resulting networks actually show a negative modularity score, that is, they can be anti-modular.
Our networks are usually generated from a single seed node, but can take any specified initial configuration of nodes and edges as starting condition. Subsequent events, determined by user-chosen probabilities, occur stochastically and usually lead to network growth. For example, the node-event probability P N determines that a node is either added (without edges) or deleted, depending on a second parameter, the node addition probability p. Thus, for a single node event, the probability that a node will be added is pP N while the probability that a node will be deleted is P N (1-p) (see Figure 1). A second type of event affects edges with probability P E : the edge-event probability. Just as with nodes, edges will be added with an edge-addition probability q, so that a single edge event will add an edge with probability qP E while an edge is removed with probability (1-q)P E . Note that while node addition or removal happens unconditionally, edge addition or removal is not guaranteed. The algorithm will only place an edge if the pair of nodes that is randomly selected is unconnected. Similarly, an edge removal instruction is only carried out if the pair of nodes that is randomly selected already has a connection, and otherwise fails. As a consequence, even edge addition probabilities q < 0.5 will lead to a steady-state distribution of edges to nodes. The main parameters of the growth model are summarized in Table 1. Note that because a rescaling of the probabilities pP N , qP E , and rP D by a common factor only changes the time it takes to achieve a network of a particular size, these probabilities are not independent (for example, pP N can be used to rescale all parameters). However, for many applications it is interesting to vary these probabilities independently.
Network growth events and probabilities. Growth (or shrinkage) of network is determined by node, edge, and duplication events with specified probabilities, as described in the text.
Parameters of network growth model
Node-event probability
P E
Edge-event probability
Duplication-event probability (duplication or fusion)
Conditional node-addition probability (given a node event). Conditional probability of node removal is 1 - p
Conditional edge-addition probability (given an edge event). 1 - q is the conditional probability that an edge is removed
Conditional node-duplication probability (given a duplication/fusion event). Conditional node-merging probability is 1 - r
We can calculate the steady-state distribution of edges per node (mean degree ⟨k⟩) by calculating the total number of nodes n and edges m as a function of the number of events N and the parameters P N , P E , p, and q (we do not consider duplications in this calculation). The number of nodes added per event is pP N and the number of nodes removed is (1- p)P N , so that the net number of nodes added after N events
The net number of edges m added is more complicated, because edges are only added with probability q(1 - ξ), and removed with probability (1 - q)ξ per event, where ξ is the graph sparseness , and represents the probability that a random pair of nodes is connected by an edge. At the same time, every time a node is removed, the algorithm removes the edges attached to it. On average then, a node removal event subtracts the average degree of that node, which is ∑ i k i /n = 2m/n = ⟨k⟩, so that
We can then write an equation for the asymptotic dependence of the mean degree
where η = P E /P N , and using ξ ≈ ⟨k⟩/n, which holds for large n. Thus we see that in the limit of large n,
a behavior that is borne out in the simulations (data not shown).
A third type of event leads to node duplication or merger (fusion), controlled by the parameter P D . Here, a node is duplicated with probability rP D , while two nodes are fused with probability (1 - r)P D (the parameters are summarized in Table 1). While edge and node events are straightforward, node duplication/fusion events need more explanation because there are several different ways in which nodes can be duplicated or fused. Here, we implement an algorithm in which node duplication is directly related to the concept of modules: When duplicating a node, the new node is by definition in the same module as its ancestor, and the new node is connected to all nodes the ancestor is connected to. In order to implement this, nodes have to be assigned a tag that determines the module they belong to, the moment the node is created. (It is convenient to represent different tags by different colors, so we often refer to nodes in different modules-that is, carrying different tags-as having different colors).
In order to assign a module to a duplicated node, the number of modules has to be given at the outset, and the probability for a node of color k to connect to a node of color ℓ is obtained from the assortativity matrix e, which stores the fraction of edges between pairs of colors. For N c modules M1,..., , this matrix can be written as
For the case of node merging, two nodes (A and B) are picked at random. Node A keeps its connections and in addition obtains all the connections that node B had, upon which node B is deleted. The selection of the nodes to be merged is module independent, and thus could either merge nodes within a module or across modules.
When growing modular networks, nodes are assigned a color based on a vector of probabilities that can be specified beforehand (for all the results in this paper, nodes are assigned to a module randomly at the time they are created). If an edge event specifies the placement of an edge, a random pair of nodes is selected and the identity of the colors determined. At this time, a random uniform number is drawn, and the edge is placed if this number is smaller than the corresponding probability in the e-matrix (6). If no edge is set, the algorithm tries to set the edge for a different pair of nodes, and attempts this up to 1,000 times.
We determine a growth stop criterion either by specifying a maximum number of nodes, or by specifying a fixed number of iterations of the algorithm. In principle, the algorithm allows for the generation of both directed and undirected graphs. Here, we restrict ourselves to networks with undirected edges, and furthermore prevent nodes from connecting to themselves. Finally, two different growth initial conditions are possible: one in which we start with a single node from the first module in the e-matrix, the other where we start with a single node from every module. The N c (N c - 1)/2 entries in the assortativity matrix, together with the number of colors and the six probabilities for stochastic network growth described above fully determine the structure of the network.
Software availability
The program to grow the networks described in this article will be made freely available.
Growing networks with complex degree distributions
The standard model for growing graphs with exponential degree distribution is due to Callaway et al. [43], who introduced a model where a node is added at each event, and an edge is added with a given probability per event. While there are no duplications in this model and edges are not preferentially attached to high-degree nodes, there is still a form of preferential attachment because older nodes have had more opportunities of obtaining edges, and also have a higher probability of connecting to nodes with more edges [43]. This model produces exponential degree distributions whose form can be predicted exactly, but scale-free distributions cannot be produced. With the present network growth model, it is easy to grow networks with more complex degree distribution, by changing just a few parameters.
To begin with, we test whether the exponential distribution of the Callaway model morphs into a scale-free distribution as the duplication event probability is increased. In Fig. 2 we show the degree distribution with a fixed node and edge event probability, but changing the node duplication probability P D , and confirm that if networks grow with duplication, the scale-free edge distribution is unavoidable [41]. Networks that are scale-free over more decades actually emerge if nodes are added more often than edges (see Fig. 3A). Choosing a low P N , on the other hand, leads to the growth of networks with a Poisson-like degree distribution (Fig. 3B). Note that the scale-free and the Erdös-Rényi-type distributions depicted in Fig. 3 were obtained using the same set of parameters except that the node addition probability was 100 times less for the graph that resulted in an Erdös-Rényi-like edge distribution. In principle, keeping the relative ratio of the three probabilities P N , P E , and P D the same (when p = q = r = 1) results in the same edge distribution (see Models and Methods).
Degree distribution as a function of duplications. The degree distribution of randomly grown networks with different node duplication probabilities P D (r = 1), at fixed P N = 0.2, P E = 0.75 (with p = 1, q = 1). P D = 0 (black), P D = 0.1 (red), P D = 0.2 (magenta), P D = 0.3 (green), P D = 0.4 (blue), and P D = 0.5 (yellow). Average of 100 replicates of networks grown to size n = 1,000.
Edge distribution of networks grown with different parameters. (A) Scale-free edge distribution p(k) of networks obtained with a growth algorithm using P N = 0.2625, p = 1.0, P E = 0.15, q = 1.0, P D = 0.225, and r = 1.0, undirected edges, no modules, average over 1,000 networks grown to 10, 000 nodes. (B) Edge distribution of networks grown with P N = 0.002625, all other parameters as in (A), averaged over 10,000 networks grown to 1,000 nodes.
Choosing probabilities in between the parameter values described allows us to grow very different networks, with edge distributions in between exponential and Poisson. For example, there are interesting "transition stages" where parameter combinations lead to networks that are neither scale-free nor Erdös-Rényi. We show in Fig. 4 extreme and intermediate edge distributions where we varied the node-event probability (P N ) from 0.001 to 1.0 while keeping all other probabilities constant. The distribution obtained for P N = 0.001 has all the characteristics of an Erdös-Rényi-type edge distribution, such as the one depicted in Fig. 2B (note the difference in scales). We conclude that the edge distribution can be controlled entirely with the node addition probability and the edge duplication probability (as long as the edge addition probability is not too low): for low edge duplication, tuning P N from 1 to small values morphs the degree distribution from exponential to Erdös-Rényi. If the edge duplication probability is substantial, however, the same change in P N moves the distribution from scale-free to Erdös-Rényi. As a corollary, moving P D from small values to larger values for moderate to high P N changes an exponential towards a scale-free distribution, as we saw in Fig. 2. While we have not conducted an exhaustive parameter exploration, we can summarize how the main parameters affect the degree distribution in a qualitative manner. In the absence of duplication, the degree distribution is exponential or approximately Poisson, depending on the size of the ratio of the edge- to node-event probability η = P E /P N and the edge addition probability P D . For q = 1, the Callaway model [43] predicts an exponential edge probability distribution
Edge distributions for networks grown under different regimes. P N = 1.0 (black line, exponential distribution) P N = 0.1 (green), P N = 0.01 (blue), and P N = 0.001 (red). All other parameters are set to P E = p = q = 0.75, P D = 0.5, r = 1.0. Networks are unmodular and undirected, grown to size n = 10, 000, averaged over 100 replicates.
with mean number of edges per node (degree) ⟨k⟩ = 2η in agreement with Eq. (4) (see Fig. 5 center). If η becomes large, however, this distribution starts to resemble a Poisson distribution, as indicated in Fig. 5. An Erdös-Rényi-type distribution can also be obtained without touching η, by simply decreasing q (the probability that a node is added per edge event) because as long as edges are added slowly, a small enough q will lead to the random rewiring of a graph (see Fig. 5 lower left). In both cases (η ≫ 1 or q < 1 while η ≈ 1) the edge probability distribution quickly becomes independent of the network size. As we increase the node duplication probability, we move towards the distributions on the right hand size of Fig. 5. While the distribution starts to develop a form reminiscent of a power-law for low degrees when η < 1, the duplications lead to a hump at larger degrees. Whether or not this distribution is independent of the size of the network is unclear: when duplications enter the generation process, may of the graph properties depend not only on the initial configuration used for the graph, but also the length of the process. Likewise, it is unclear whether the parameters that give rise to power law distributions for a finite process (as in the lower right graph in Fig. 5) are the same if the size of the network tends to infinity. Fortunately, real-world networks are not infinite, so the model is useful for the generation of surrogate networks even if the asymptotic distribution is not known.
Changing a network's degree distribution. This sketch indicates how different degree distributions morph into one another as several different parameters of the growth model are changed. From the "default" exponential degree distribution of the Callaway model (center of diagram) Erdös-Rényi-like distributions can be obtained in two different ways: either by increasing the probability to add edges while keeping the node addition probability constant, or by randomizing edges using a small q (distributions on the left, note the non-logarithmic axes). Approximately scale-free distributions can be obtained from the exponential one by increasing the node duplication probability, but doing so while decreasing the number of edges per node creates a hybrid between scale-free and Erdös-Rényi-type distributions (distributions on the right).
The algorithm can be used to create lattices with an arbitrary degree or connectivity by making use of the assortativity matrix in an unconventional manner: Each node of the lattice is assigned a unique module, where the probability of having an edge between modules reflects the desired neighborhood relations in the lattice. Instead of seeding the growth process with a single node, the algorithm is started with a fixed number of nodes and no edges, and P N = 0. The growth process then enacts a percolation problem with edge probability qP E , and a geometry dictated by the assortativity matrix. To create bipartite graphs with edges only connecting nodes from different groups, we can grow networks from an assortativity matrix with a vanishing diagonal [see Fig. 6A]. Nearly bipartite graphs are obtained by varying the entries in the matrix accordingly. Clearly, the algorithm can generate arbitrary k-partite graphs, by extending the dimension of the assortativity matrix. We show in Figure 6B a network iterated for 1,000 steps with the same parameters as Fig. 6A, but with k = 4 (nodes colored according to the group label).
Bipartite and k -partite graphs. (A) Bipartite graph, nodes from one group colored in red, nodes from the other group colored in black, P N /P E = 0.3, p = 0.85, q = 0.75, P D = 0.0. The graph was grown for 1,000 iterations of the algorithm, with undirected edges. (B) Graph grown with the same parameters as (A), but for k = 4.
That biological, technological, and social networks are organized in a modular fashion is by now a commonplace observation. Yet, there is no standard measure of modularity, nor is there a standard algorithm that will partition networks into modules. There are several reasons for this apparent shortcoming. On the one hand, while the term "modular organization" is fairly intuitive, anyone who is familiar with the structure of real-world networks understands that this intuitive notion can only be applied approximately, and with a good amount of prudence. Modules are often identified using the topological structure of the network, for example by counting the number of shortest paths between nodes, or by identifying an excess number of edges between nodes as compared to a random (Erdös-Rényi-type) network. However, it is also possible that groups of nodes function together as a module without any obvious topological signature. Furthermore, functional modules often overlap, while topological modules are usually defined in such a way that they are mutually exclusive. Therefore, we expect that topological and functional measures of network modularity can disagree, and that this disagreement can be more or less severe depending on the type of network under consideration.
We would also like to highlight the difference between modularity measures, which quantify the modularity in a network whose modules have already been determined, and module-discovery algorithms, which partition a network into groups of nodes. Often, module-discovery is performed by attempting to maximize a modularity measure, but in principle neither does a modularity measure imply an algorithm for module discovery, nor does a module-discovery algorithm necessitate a measure of modularity.
A commonly used measure of modularity is due to Newman [17], who assumes that modularity implies that nodes in the same module have more connections between them than would be expected for a random control, that is, a network where all the module assignments have been randomized. If k i is the number of edges of node i, and m = 1/2∑ i k i is the total number of edges in the network, then the probability that two nodes i and j are connected by chance is k i k j /2m (as long as the degrees for node i and j are independent). Now, define the network adjacency matrix A, in such a way that A ij = 1 if node i connects to node j and A ij = 0 otherwise. This matrix is symmetric for undirected networks, and can have non-integer entries if the strength of a connection is taken into account. Here, we limit ourselves to undirected networks that have "binary" edges, but the extension is obvious. We furthermore limit ourselves to networks without node self-connections, which implies that the diagonal of A vanishes. If furthermore the module assignment for each node is known, we can define a modularity matrix S in such a way that S ij = 1 if nodes i and j belong to the same module, and zero otherwise. Newman's modularity Q N is then defined as [17]
There is clearly a certain amount of arbitrariness in modularity measures of this kind. For example, a different measure using similar ideas is often called the "assortativity" of a network. This measure is also due to Newman [25], and quantifies how likely it is that nodes of the same "kind" attach to each other, where "kind" can be any tag that is attached to a node to distinguish it from another class of nodes. As before, we refer to this tag as the node's color, so that assortativity measures how often nodes of the same color connect to each other rather than to nodes of a different color. Let us define the assortativity matrix e (sometimes called the "mixing matrix") such that ekℓ gives the fraction of edges that attach a node of color k to a node of color ℓ, and a k = ∑ℓ e kl is the fraction of edges that either begin or end at a node of color k (we again restrict ourselves to undirected networks here, so that e is symmetric). Newman's assortativity is then given by [25]
Both measures (8) and (9) are bounded from above by 1, and they can both become negative (indeed, Newman's modularity and assortativity measures are closely related, see Appendix). While the assortativity is constructed in such a way that networks with random assignment of colors (modules) to nodes gives rise to a vanishing measure, this is not generally true for Q N . Furthermore, both measures can in principle detect in networks a tendency of nodes of the same module or color not to connect to each other (a phenomenon we call anti-modularity or anti-assortativity). However, the measures do not treat anti-modularity (or anti-assortativity) on the same footing as modularity or assortativity.
It is possible to introduce a measure of modularity that is closely related to both of Newman's measures, but gives more weight to "like"-edges if the number of colors is large. This is obtained by modifying the modularity matrix that enters Eq. (8) so that
where N c is the number of modules or colors. (As in the following we will tag nodes that belong to the same functional module with the same color, we often refer to colors or modules interchangeably.) With such a modularity matrix, connections between nodes of unlike color are penalized, most heavily so if there are only a few colors. We define our functional modularity measure in terms of this generalized modularity matrix
but note that we omitted the term -k i k j /2m in Newman's measure that subtracts the probability that two nodes connect at random. Indeed, the latter bias is typical for modularity measures that attempt to capture the way modules are reflected in network topology, while our measure Q H focuses on function only. Because Q H can also be written as (see Appendix)
we see that Q H vanishes for non-associative (non-modular) networks, because when color is assigned randomly to nodes we have so that Tr e = 1/N c . At the same time, Q H is maximal for graphs if colors only connect to like colors (Tr e = 1). But in contrast to Newman's measures, Q H can become significantly negative, more so if the number of modules is small. For bipartite graphs, for example (graphs with nodes of two colors where only unlike colors connect) we find Tr e = 0, so that Q H = -1.
To study how the different modularity measures depend on the number of modules in the network as well as the strength of the module's interconnectivity, we generate networks with a tunable amount of modularity. A simple model for generating modular networks is an assortativity matrix for N c colors where like-colors connect to each other with probability π (the intra-module edge probability), and connect to nodes of a different color with probability (1 - π)/(N c - 1), irrespective of color (the "equal opportunity" model, see Appendix). The probability 1 - π can then be viewed as an inter-module edge probability and can be used to dial between perfectly modular (π = 1) and perfectly anti-modular (π = 0) networks. The functional modularity Q H seen in Fig. 7B depends strongly on the number of modules, and is larger than Q N (depicted in Fig. 7A) for modular networks, and smaller than Q N for the anti-modular ones. Indeed, the inherent bias in Newman's measure for modules whose member nodes are strongly connected to each other leads to an underestimate of the modularity for strongly connected modular graphs, and an equally underestimated antimodularity for multipartite graphs, as compared to the measure Q H , when the number of modules is small. The functional measure Q H , in turn, cannot be used to detect the number of modules or communities, for precisely this reason: because no connection bias is assumed, there are no topological means to identify clusters. If the number of modules is given, on the other hand, Q H can be used to guide a graph partitioning algorithm. Note that the measures become indistinguishable in the limit of an infinite number of modules.
Comparison of modularity metrics. Comparison of the modularity measures defined in Eqs. (8) and (11). Networks with between 2 and 16 modules were grown depending on the intra-module edge probability π. (For π = 0 the networks are as anti-modular as possible and become k-partite (where k is the number of modules), while for π = 1 they are as modular as possible). (A): Q N [defined in Eq. (8)] for N c = 2 (2 modules, black line), N c = 4 (red), N c = 8 (green), N c = 16 (blue). (B) Q H [defined in Eq. (11)]. Colors as in (A). Each point was averaged over 50 networks with 1,000 nodes. The networks were grown with P N = 0.5, p = 1.0, P E = 1.0, q = 1.0 and P D = 0.0, using undirected edges.
We can also investigate the impact node fusion has on modularity (Figure 8), for the modularity measures Q N and Q H , by studying how modularity depends on module strength in networks grown with different node fusion probabilities. Irrespective of the measure, modularity is highest if nodes are not fused (r = 1) and decreases as the node fusion probability increases (r < 1) because node fusion is blind to the module assignment, while node duplication creates another node with the same color and the same edges as the original node. The larger the probability for adding an edge within modules is (larger π), the more modular the networks are, as expected. Because Q H does not penalize modules if they do not have an excess of edges between them, Q H is mostly larger than Q N . For small π, more connections exist between nodes of different modules than within them, so that both modularity measures become negative.
Modularity depends on node-fusion probability. Average modularity (from 50 independent networks with five modules, grown to 1000 nodes) for different node duplication probabilities r = 0.5 (blue), r = 0.75 (red), and r = 1.0 (black), for the modularity measures Q N (solid lines) and Q H (dashed lines). The networks were grown with the stochastic parameters set to P N = 0.5, P E = 1, p = q = 1.0, P D = 0.2.
The impact of node duplication on modularity is more complicated. On the one hand, because node duplication brings with it the duplication of the edges that the duplicated node is attached to, whether or not node duplication leads to an increase in modularity depends on whether the network sports more inter-module or more intra-module edges. On the other hand, node duplication can skew the fraction of nodes that belong to any particular module by amplifying stochastic events that occur early-on in network growth. While node colors are chosen either randomly or according to a node probability vector when a node is created (see Model), the color of a node (that is, its module membership) is inherited under duplication. As a consequence, module sizes fluctuate considerably across different realizations of the network, and the modularity can become significantly different from that predicted by the e-matrix generating the network. A detailed analysis of duplication on modularity is beyond the scope of this manuscript, and will be presented elsewhere.
A number of interesting global topological properties have been observed in networks, both in the case of biological or engineering networks that are built via growth processes, and in Erdös-Rényi-type networks that form via random edge addition. Foremost in the first category is the "small-world" effect: the observation that many biological and technological networks have a short mean path between nodes (as compared to an equivalent randomized network), while being highly clustered (again with respect to a randomized equivalent network [52], see also the review [53]). Humphries and Gurney [53] introduced a quantitative measure to study the "small-world-ness" of a network, which is particularly useful because networks that have a high edge-density can automatically appear to be in the small-world class, but trivially so. Following Humphries and Gurney, we define the ratio of the "mean shortest path between nodes" in a network to the mean shortest path in the randomized version of the network (an Erdös-Rényi network with the same number of nodes and edges):
and the ratio of the graph clustering coefficient with respect to that of the randomized version
The symbol Δ in the superscript of the clustering coefficients serves to remind us that this coefficient is obtained by counting the number of "triangles" of nodes normalized to the number of pairs [54], which can be different from the clustering coefficient obtained by averaging the number of edges of the adjacent nodes [52].
As small-world networks are identified by having a large γ g and a small λ g , the ratio of these quantities can be used to measure small-world-ness:
We show the behavior of λ g and in Fig. 9 as a function of the ratio of node- to edge-event probability P N /P E for networks grown to a size of 200 nodes. As more and more nodes are added per edge-addition event (increasing ratio P N /P E towards 1), the normalized mean shortest path first drops, and indeed, as long as P N /P E < 1.5 (for q = 1), the shortest paths in these networks are shorter than those in randomized networks. But once passed this threshold, the addition of more nodes without a commensurate increase in edges leads to longer and longer shortest paths (see Fig. 9, solid red line). The normalized correlation coefficient increases rapidly with an increasing ratio P N /P E up until P N ≈ 0.65P E , after which the ratio drops very fast.
Normalized mean shortest path and correlation coefficient. The normalized mean shortest path between nodes, L g /Lrandom (red lines) and the normalized correlation coefficient (blue lines) as a function of the ratio P N /P E , for a node duplication probability p = 1 and two different edge addition probabilities q = 0.75 (dashed) and q = 1 (solid). Average over 1,000 networks grown to 200 nodes, with P D = 0.
We also tested how decreasing the conditional edge-addition probability q affects λ g and . We expect that a decrease in q will move the mean shortest path and the correlation coefficient towards their randomized graph equivalents, because a q < 1 implies that sometimes edges are removed (for q = 1/2 edges are added as often as they are removed during an edge event), and the edge removal/edge addition process is tantamount to a randomization of the graph. We do indeed observe that → Crandom as q decreases (we show the case of q = 0.75 in Fig. 9), but L g /Lrandom actually increases for decreasing q as long as P N /P E ≲ 2.
In order to determine what graph-growth parameters give rise to small-world networks, we plot the ratio SΔ defined in Eq. (15) (which is just the ratio of the two curves depicted in Fig. 9) as a function of the ratio P N /P E (Fig. 10). In this figure, we also plot the edge density (or "sparseness") of the network (here m is again the number of edges, and n the number of nodes in the network)
Small-world-ness S Δ as a function of P N / P E . The quantitative measure of small-worldness SΔ (solid line) and the edge density ξ [Eq. 16] (dashed line) as a function of the node to edge addition probability ratio. Networks are non-trivally "small-world" if SΔ > 1 while the edge density is low (e.g., ξ < 0.1).
because it is known that networks with a high density of edges can be trivially of the small-world kind [53]. We see from Figs. 9 and 10 that networks grown with a ratio P N /P E < 1.3 have a small-world character, and furthermore that this character is maintained even for small ratios P N /P E down to about P N /P E ≈ 0.2, where the edge density is ξ ~ 0.1. This behavior is similar to that observed in the Watts-Strogatz model [52], which becomes "trivially small-world" in the limit of increasing randomness [53].
Figure 10 suggests that networks with small-world character are an automatic by-product of a stochastic growth process where the edge-event probability is of the order of the node-event probability or larger (here, P E /P N ≳ 0.75), while the small-world character becomes trivial if P E is many times P N . This is a plausible scenario for a number of biological networks, where it is much more likely to create a new edge (for example, an interaction between two proteins via a gain-of-function mutation, or a regulatory interaction) than it is to create a new node (the evolution of a new protein de novo or via lateral gene transfer). We can also see that this regime is easily achieved in social networks, as long as the creation of an interaction between nodes is more common than the addition of a new member to the social network.
Critical behavior
Besides degree distribution, modularity, and small-world-ness, a number of other global properties of networks have been studied in the literature that we can study with ease using our network growth model. It is known since the pioneering work of Erdös, Renyi, and Bollobas that static random graphs undergo a phase transition where a "giant component" (a large connected component that scales with the size of the system) emerges at a critical probability of connecting edges (see, e.g., [55]). This phase transition is of the same kind as in percolation models, and is often referred to as the percolation transition in random graphs. Callaway et al. [43], Dorogovtsev et al. [56], as well as Bollobas et al. [57] have pointed out that random networks that are grown also undergo a percolation transition, but that this transition has a very different character: the critical point is infinitely differentiable (in fact, all the derivatives vanish at the critical point [43, 56, 57]). We can study this transition in our model as a function of parameters not previously investigated, namely P N , p, q, as well P D and r. We observe that the percolation phase transition only depends on the ratio P E /P N (see Fig. 11), that is, the size of the giant component S only depends on the relative rate at which nodes and edges are added. Even varying q (allowing for edge removals) does not change this transition, as long as we plot the giant components versus qP E /P N instead (results not shown). Note that this combination of parameters is related to the asymptotic mean degree ⟨k⟩ (see Eq. (5) in Models and Methods).
Percolation phase transition in randomly grown networks. Relative size of the giant component S as a<|fim_middle|>. We show in Fig. 12 the relative size of the largest connected component of networks grown with different node fusion probabilities (P D = 0.0, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, r = 0), where the value P D = 0 serves as the control (no node fusion). As expected, the onset of the transition is earlier when nodes can fuse, because node fusion does not change the giant component if the nodes are in the same cluster (except for diminishing its size by one), whereas whole clusters are fused if the nodes that are fused belong to different clusters. The nature of the phase transition (infinitely differentiable critical point) is unchanged. Of course, as nodes are fused, the network grows more slowly, but the shape of the curve in Fig. 12 cannot be recovered simply by scaling P N and P E taking into account the modified number of nodes and edges for each fusion event (data not shown).
Percolation phase transition with node fusion. The relative size of the largest connected component S as a function of the relative edge to node event probability (with p = 1, q = 1, and r = 0), for different node fusion probabilities (as r sets the node duplication probability, the fusion probability (1-r)P D is simply given by P D ). Solid line: P D = 0, dash-dotted: P D = 0.1, dashed: P D = 0.25, and dotted: P D = 0.5. Average of 100 replicates of networks grown to size n = 100.
Biological relevance
Given the variability of the networks that can be generated with this model, we may ask whether it is universal in the sense that the edge distribution of any biological network can be characterized by the set of parameters (five independent constants plus the e-matrix). We tested whether networks can be grown to have an edge distribution that is similar to well-known biological reference examples, and whether the set of parameters giving rise to these networks allows us, by analogy, to generate hypotheses about the process that generates them. Specifically, we grew networks to resemble the edge distribution of the neuronal network of the nematode C. elegans [58], as well as a network similar to the protein-protein interaction network of yeast [59]. The best current data set for the C. elegans "brain" includes 280 of the 302 neurons and their connections [58]. We binned the edge distribution from this data set and searched the parameter space of the model (five parameters, no modules, undirected edges) for sets that grow networks of 280 nodes with an edge distribution that minimizes the root mean square difference of the corresponding binned edge distribution. Note that because a graph's properties are unchanged if the relative ratio of the three event probabilities is maintained (as long as neither of them becomes too small), we kept the largest of the parameters (here P E ) fixed. We verified that a search with six independent parameters gives rise to the same set if rescaled to P E = 1.
Within the space of network parameters, the C. elegans network appears to be fairly rare, so that a straightforward Monte Carlo search often arrives at inferior fits. Our best solution is a network with P N = 0.008, p = 0.71, P E = 1.0, q = 0.06, P D = 0.028, r = 1.0 (P E was fixed at 1.0 in this search). We show the degree distribution generated with this set of parameters (averaged over 1,000 realizations of the network) in Fig. 13A (solid line). A statistical test comparing these distributions cannot reject the hypothesis that they were generated from the same underlying probability distribution (Wilxocon rank sum test, P = 0.744). This set of probabilities suggests that the C. elegans network reflects a growth process with a very small node addition probability, commensurate with our earlier observation that networks with an Erdös-Rényi-like degree distributions are obtained using a small P N . Such a small node addition probability is also consistent with the constraints imposed on C. elegans evolution by its invariant cell-lineage. The worm develops via stereotyped cleavages so that the patterns of cell division, differentiation, and death are the same from one individual to another: in the developing worm each cell has a predictable future, and each cell a well-defined set of neighbours [60]. As a consequence, developmental changes giving rise to new nodes must be heavily constrained, as they would upset the delicate balance. For the same reason, node duplications are also virtually absent in the simulated network. The small edge addition probability q = 0.06 implies that edges are only added in 6% of the edge events, and the network is consequently quite sparse. As the algorithm does not remove an edge if there is none between the randomly selected nodes, even such a small edge addition probability (in fact, it corresponds to a 0.94 edge removal probability) always gives rise to an equilibrium edge count (calculated in Models and Methods in the absence of duplication).
Edge distributions of actual and simulated biological networks. (A) Edge distribution of a network optimized to reproduce the edge distribution of the C. elegans neural network (solid line), compared to the observed distribution ("+"). (B) Edge distribution of a network optimized to reproduce the edge distribution of the yeast protein-protein interaction network (solid line), compared to the degree distribution reported in Ref. [59] ("+"). The eight proteins with the highest degrees have been removed for the purpose of this comparison because they do not follow the distribution of the remaining proteins.
The simulation of the yeast protein-protein interaction network (interaction data from the highly curated set of Ref. [59]) leads us to vastly different conclusions concerning the nature of the growth process. Because this network is much less rare, a Monte Carlo search converges fairly rapidly, and yields a similar set of parameters in all trials. For yeast, we started with 4 different initial conditions, conducted 5 trials each, and grew 20 replicas for each parameter set to obtain an average distribution, which we score by comparing the root mean square difference of the binned distribution to the binned yeast distribution. Because of the sparseness of the data at high degrees, we performed a "threshold-binning" with variable bin size, as described in [61]. We stop growth at 3,306 nodes (the size of the Reguly et al. network) and obtain a network that is remarkably similar to the yeast protein-protein interaction network, with P N = 0.7 ± 0.04, p = 1.0 ± 0.05, P E = 1.0 ± 0, q = 0.91 ± 0.035, P D = 0.75 ± 0.035, r = 1.0 ± 0.03. A statistical test comparing the yeast degree distribution and that of our simulation for nodes with less than 120 edges (see Figure 13B) cannot reject the hypothesis that both distributions were obtained from the same underlying process (Wilcoxon rank sum test, P = 0.0837). The eight proteins in the yeast network with more than 120 nodes appear to be outliers that do not follow the same law as the remaining 3,298 proteins in the network.
Both the node addition probability P N and the node duplication probability P D creating our surrogate yeast network are remarkably high. That the node duplication probability is this high for the generation of a protein-protein interaction data set is not surprising in the light of evidence that much of genomic evolution proceeds via gene duplication and subsequent diversification [62, 63]. However, the analysis also suggests that the yeast network edge distribution is only very approximately scale-free.
We conclude that particular degree distributions are (at least for the cases we examined) obtained with unique parameters sets, thus allowing us to entertain hypotheses about the processes that generated the networks we are simulating. Of course, such speculations rest on the assumption that other processes (such as for example, whole genome duplication, or horizontal transfer of sets of genes) do not play a role in shaping the network's edge distribution. Because we cannot rule out such processes in many of the standard networks, such a caveat always has to be issued.
We have presented an algorithm that, using only a few parameters, can generate networks of seemingly arbitrary degree distribution, modularity, and structure. Using this model, we were able to study how fundamental properties such as edge addition or removal, as well as node addition, removal, duplication, or fusion, affect a network's degree distribution, modularity, and structure. We found that we could grow networks with degree distributions anywhere between binomial, exponential, and scale-free, within a single framework or process. By introducing an assortativity matrix for the generation of nodes with different functional tags, we could furthermore grow networks with different degrees of modularity, by specifying the probability that a node of one "color" will attach to a node with a different color. Once modules or functional groups have been identified in any real network, control networks can be grown that mimic the connection pattern or modularity of that network. One obvious example is again the C. elegans neuronal network. Its nodes can be divided into three classes: sensor neurons, motor neurons, and interneurons [58]. The e-matrix for this network can be reconstructed from the frequencies of inter-color edges, and be used to grow networks that not only have the same degree distribution as the original network, but mimic the connection pattern between functional types as well.
We also introduced a modified modularity measure Q H for networks that is based entirely on the functional characterization of a network's nodes, rather than the connection pattern. This measure is neither better or worse than any of the existing modularity measures (such as Newman's Q N or the assortativity r), but rather highlights a different aspect of modularity. For example, while Newman's modularity Q N defines modules as those groups of nodes that are connected to each other more often than would be expected from the connection probability in a random graph of the Erdös-Rényi-type, the measure Q H does not assume such a bias. In fact, because most biological, social, and technological networks are not of the Erdös-Rényi-type, it is often erroneous to compare the connection probability of modules to what would be expected in a random graph. This is particularly true for networks with scale-free edge distribution, which sport a number of hubs with many edges that do not necessarily connect to other nodes within the same module. The measure Q N will attempt to join such hubs in one and the same module, even if a measure based on betweenness centrality will separate them (see Appendix). Q H , in contrast, does not allow you to detect modules, but rather quantifies the modularity of a graph based entirely on a previous group identification. Using such a measure, we can show that graphs are often less than modular, and can even become anti-modular. An extreme case of anti-modularity is given by bi-partite, and by extension, k-partite graphs. In fact, precisely modular and k-partite graphs appear as "dual opposites" in this framework, obtained with an e-matrix with only ones on the diagonal and zeros elsewhere (divided by the number of modules), or else zeros on the diagonal for the k-partite graphs.
The networks created using the present model recapitulate a large swath of existing literature concerning networks, of which we presented a selection here. For example, we were able to study how to generate networks with given global properties, such as small mean distance between nodes, or high clustering coefficient, and by extension examine the nature of small-world graphs. We were also able to study the percolation phase transition in networks, but unlike in the standard literature where the probability that edges are connected given a fixed set of nodes (or, as in Ref. [43], the node addition probability is fixed at P N = 1), we were able to study the size of the "giant component" as a function of the ratio of the edge to node addition probability, and found the same phase transition. In addition, we could study the effect of node duplication and/or fusion on the nature and location of the transition.
Finally, we used the model to reverse engineer the growth parameters that might have led to the observed degree distributions of the C. elegans neuronal connection graph and the yeast protein-protein interaction network, while keeping in mind the assumptions behind that extrapolation. A Monte Carlo search process through the five-dimensional parameter space (not using modules) converged to suggest a unique set of parameters for each of those networks that led to biological conclusions compatible with our current knowledge about the forces that shaped these networks. We expect this model to be most useful in the generation of null models in the analysis of biological, technological, and social networks. The process easily generates networks with the same size and degree distribution as any study network, but unlike the method presented in Ref. [64], the present process relies explicitly on network growth and can accommodate arbitrary node "colorizations" (functional categories). Another standard control, the edge randomization of any network, is easily implemented by setting P N = 0, P E = 1, q = 0.5 (with P D = 0). This setting will remove and place edges randomly while keeping the total number of edges and nodes the same, resulting in a randomized graph after a sufficient number of updates.
We have shown that a broad set of standard results in network analysis, concerning the edge distribution, modularity, global network structure, and critical behavior, can be reproduced in networks grown via a random process, with only a few tunable parameters. These networks, however, were grown in the absence of any functional constraint, and their properties are therefore a consequence of the stochastic nature of the growth process only. We can conclude that while such properties may be useful for real-world networks, they are not necessary consequences of the network's functionality, but could simply be a consequence of how they emerged.
Structural and functional modularity
Newman's modularity measure Eq. (8) can be shown to be related to his assortativity measure (9) by noting that the mixing matrix e is related to the adjacency matrix A via a transform involving a matrix F that relates nodes to modules:
Because , we find that
where the notation ||...|| indicates taking the sum of all the matrix elements. The mixing matrix e is then just
Noting that TrFF T = S, the modularity matrix defined above (8), we find that
The same construction also allows us to write Q H [defined in Eq. (11)] in terms of Tr e [Eq. (12)] by noting that
where 1 is a matrix where each entry is 1.
We can test the limits of the modularity measures (8) and (11) by calculating the modularity of an extreme graph as depicted in Fig. 14, which is a graph of two hubs of degree k connected by a single edge, and assuming that all of the nodes of one hub belong to the same module. In the limit of large k, such a graph should be classified as highly modular. However, Newman's measure applied to this graph gives
A graph with two hubs and k edges per hub.
In comparison, the functional modularity measure Q H , making the same assumptions about the modules, tends to 1 in the limit of high-degree hubs:
Functional modularity and assortativity
Newman's assortativity r [Eq. (9)] and the functional modularity measure Q H [Eq. (11)] are identical for a particular assortativity model, which we call the "equal opportunity" model. It is defined by the probability π for a color to connect to a node of the same color, but to connect to any other color with equal probability:
The factor 1/N c , where N c is the number of colors, serves to normalize e such that ||e|| = 1. It is easy to see that the fraction of nodes connected to type-k nodes: a k = ∑ℓ ekℓ = 1/N c , so that (with Tr e = π)
which agrees with Q H defined in Eq. (12).
Reviewer 1: Erik van Nimwegen, University of Basel
This paper introduces an interesting parameterized class of stochastic network growth models that clearly can produce networks with a range of different topological properties, i.e., degree distributions, modularity, mean path lengths, clustering coefficients, as the parameters of the stochastic growth process are varied. It is quite conceivable that this parameterized family of growth models might actually be used to capture the broad topological properties observed in many 'real world' networks. This is very nice. However, what is a bit disappointing is that there are almost no analytical results on precisely what kind of properties the networks will have as one varies the parameters. All that is presented is a number of 'anecdotal' examples of what one obtains with particular parameter settings. Moreover, the results are complex enough that one cannot easily generalize from the examples presented. That leaves us in the end in a state where we have a family of growth models that MIGHT produce networks with desired properties, but it is unclear which kind of properties can be produced and precisely how to set the parameters to get them. That is, if I were to say: I have this real world network and it has this degree distribution, this distribution of distances between nodes, this distribution of clustering coefficients, and this modularity (according to whatever measure), then I don't think the authors could tell me whether there model could produce graphs with the same properties, and how to set parameters to get such graphs. In fact, the last section of the manuscript shows that, even to reproduce only the degree distributions of two biological networks, an expensive Monte-Carlo search is needed, and in the end the results clearly suggest that the growth model in fact cannot reproduce the observed degree distribution within statistical noise. This to me suggests that the practical use of this family of growth models is extremely limited until more general theoretical results about their behavior can be obtained.
Authors' response: First, we would like to thank you for the time you have spent reading our article, and assembling a long and detailed set of comments and questions. Many of your comments have led to important improvements in the presentation of the material. One of your main criticisms in the passage above, and repeated elsewhere in your comments, is a disappointment over the lack of a mathematical analysis of the graph growth model that we studied computationally. We have a good amount of sympathy for this position: it would be great to have a mathematical model that does all the things that you mention, and more. The problem with this is, also pointed out by you, that there are an infinite number of possible graphs, and there is simply no generative theory that could account for them all. Now, your suggestions for a mathematical theory sound less ambitious than that: you ask whether it would be possible to produce analytical results that will predict the form of the edge distribution, for example, given the input parameters, in the limit of infinite network size. This is at face value a reasonable proposition: after all, there is literature that predicts just that for a class of models that is a subset of the model described here. For example, it is possible to calculate the asymptotic properties of graphs produced by a duplication model [41]. But we wonder whether you are fully aware of how ambitious this proposition is. After all, deriving just the asymptotic degree distribution for a pure duplication model as in [41](which has a single parameter) is a ten-page publication. We have six main parameters (five of them independent, we will come to that), and possibly an infinite number of other parameters that allow us to specify certain other aspects of the graph (such as the modularity) and even the adjacency matrix if we so desired. It is not that having a mathematical analysis of the sort that you wish you had seen would not be worthwhile having, it is just not the direction we chose to go because this is a tremendous undertaking that would take years of additional work. We have instead taken a much more practical approach. We understand that, for real systems, we will never know for sure what growth parameters have given rise to that network: even if we reproduced a particular biological network perfectly in all those properties that we can measure, we still could not state with certainty that these actually were the parameters that gave rise to the biological or technological graph. As we are forced to give up this goal, we determined that it was going to be much more useful to have a model that can generate networks that are approximately like those that we observe, even if there is no proof about any of the observed properties. At the same time, many of the qualities you look for in a mathematical theory are completely irrelevant if you are analyzing real-world graphs. For real-world applications, you are never interested in the infinite graph size limit, you will never see "pure" power laws (these hold for infinite systems only), you will never see a "true" geometric phase transition (again because networks aren't infinite), and you will also never see a "true" Poissonian degree distribution either. The practical issues you face when analyzing real networks are for example: "What is a good control graph for the hypothesis I'm testing?" and "Why do some networks have an approximately scale-free degree distribution, and others not?" The purpose of our work is to create a model that allows the user to test hypotheses about network generation. We have introduced language in the introduction of the manuscript to make this purpose more obvious.
To become a bit more specific, apart from a general theory on how the topological properties depend on parameter settings, what I thought was really missing is a treatment of how things depend on the final size of the network and on the initial conditions.
Authors' response: The dependence of networks on the initial conditions is indeed an interesting question, but in the light of the response above, also not within the scope of our ambition. The "envelope" created by the set of all possible starting conditions for network growth is tremendous. In almost all of our simulations, we have used a single node as initial condition. In simulations without modules and without duplication, it is clear that we do not need to investigate the case of several nodes and edges as starting conditions, as they represent possible later stages of the graph in the growth procedure. We note that this is not true if we grow modular graphs (that is, when nodes have colors denoting different functional groups). The probability that nodes can be duplicated leads to a strong dependence of the final modularity of the graph on initial conditions that is difficult to predict mathematically. As a consequence, we have deferred this analysis to a subsequent publication.
Then there are also subtler issues such as whether the statistics of the networks grown are self-averaging, i.e., do different instantiations of the same stochastic growth process always lead to networks with the same features (degree distribution, modularity, path lengths, et cetera) or might one have different 'attractors' where sometimes you will get networks of one kind and sometimes of another kind? As far as I can see none of these issues are discussed at all in the manuscript. Apparently the authors are assuming that the observed features (degree distributions etc.) do not depend on either the initial condition or on the final size of the network. However, it is not obvious to me at all that these statistics are independent of how long the network has been grown (in fact, I doubt it is for all possible combinations of parameters). Thus, either the authors should provide an analysis of how network features depend on final size and initial conditional, or they should present some general theory showing why (maybe in the limit of large networks) the features become independent of size and initial condition.
Authors' response: This is a valid criticism: we did not discuss the self-averaging properties of the graphs we generate. We do not have any mathematical results to offer, nor did we perform an exhaustive analysis of the dependence of the graph properties on the size of the grown network, that is, the length of the growth process. The reason we did not pursue this is simple: Some properties depend on the size of the network, some others do not. Edge distributions become stationary fairly quickly as you surmise. Other properties, such as the critical properties of graphs, become more pronounced, as is also obvious without doing a detailed analysis. We did, however, check that the relative size of the "giant component" that shows the percolation transition in randomly grown graphs (Figure 11) approaches the limit found in Ref. [43]for graphs ten times larger than the one shown in that Figure. In fact, the curves are indistinguishable to the naked eye already at the size we show. In so far that we have observed that properties that we discuss to become independent of the length of the growth process, we now explicitly mention this in the text. Of course, we understand that this falls short of displaying an extensive analysis or providing a general theory, but we surmise that it would satisfy most readers without producing an absolutely unwieldy manuscript.
In the remainder of the review I will make more detailed comments on specific statements in the manuscript. First about some statements in the abstract:
"...but is created artificially and therefore carries none of the function...". I do not agree with this. It is well conceivable that part of the function may actually reside in these features so that any surrogate network that carries these features would automatically carry some of the function.
Authors' response: We believe this is a misunderstanding. We do not imply with this statement that the networks we create would be non-functional if somehow instantiated in a biological setting. We simply mean to say that in our simulation, the growth process does not underlie any selective pressures related to a functional constraint. Therefore, we can test a hypothesis that a particular feature of a network necessarily requires a particular functional constraint to be present during growth. We have changed that sentence to clarify what we meant to say.
"we present an algorithmic model for growing networks with arbitrary degree distributions... using a small set of parameters." This claim is made over and over in the manuscript and it really started getting on my nerves. It namely suggests that the authors fail to grasp the basic mathematical fact that one cannot possibly reproduce ARBITRARY degree distributions (which form an infinite dimensional space) using a family of processes that has only a small number of parameters (a 5-dimensional space). While the model presented by the authors may reproduce many of the degree distributions of interests (e.g. exponentials and power-laws), it is certainly false that it produces 'arbitrary' degree distributions. In fact, all results in the paper suggests that the space of possible degree distributions that it produces is in fact fairly limited. It can produce exponentials and power-laws (not even that precisely it seems), but over what range of exponents? Can it generate stretched exponentials? More general Zipf's distributions? Gamma-distributed degree distributions? Lognormal ones?
Authors' response: As you realize later on in your report, we did not "fail to grasp the mathematical fact that one cannot reproduce arbitrary degree distributions (...) using a family of processes that has only a small number of parameters", because we can indeed prescribe any degree distribution using the assortativity matrix. We understand this criticism to mean that we do not issue enough of a forceful caveat that our five independent parameters alone, without using the generative capacity of the assortativity matrix, cannot reproduce arbitrary degree distributions. This is a point well taken, and we have included language to this effect in the abstract and the introduction.
"We find that many of the celebrated network properties may be a consequence of the way in which they grew, rather than a necessary consequence of how they work or function." It would be really really nice if this were established in this paper but I frankly do not think that this manuscript actually does anything of the sort. To do this one really would have to show that 'function' is in a sense orthogonal to these properties, i.e. that the required function does not require these properties and that these properties have no functional implications. But 'function' is nowhere studied in the manuscript.
Authors' response: I think we disagree here. Our statement is really very modest: We claim that we can show that a particular network property MAY be a consequence of how it grew. We are aware that our model can only falsify hypotheses about the necessity of a property (such as: "scale-free degree distributions can only arise if...."). In other words, we simply claim that other processes than functional constraints (such as growth) can be responsible for a form. Instead, you are reading our statement to falsify the claim that a particular function implies a graph property (form), which would require us showing that absence of form implies absence of function. But our statement is really clear about what we mean, so we see no need to modify it. We fully understand that just because a graph property arises without a functional constraint, this does not imply that it could not be useful. That would be silly.
page 2: "often information external to the purely topological structure is used to determine modular relationships, such as co-regulation or evolutionary conservation." What I find confusing in this statement is that different researchers use different features to connect 'nodes' by edges, so some researchers may well draw a network based on co-expression of genes or on their evolutionary conservation. Therefore, whether this kind of information is 'external' or not to the topology is a matter of definition.
Authors' response: Of course, any information that implies a relationship between nodes can be used to draw edges between nodes. But measures of modularity usually assume two kinds of connection matrices: the connection matrix of what node connects to another, defined for example by protein-protein interactions, and an assortativity matrix that determines which nodes belong to which functional cluster or group. When we talk about information external to the topological structure, we talk about information that enters the construction of the assortativity matrix, not the topology matrix.
"in the limit of a large number of nodes, approximately Poisson." Formally another requirement is that the expected number of edges per node does not grow with the total number of nodes in the graph, i.e., the probability for an edge to exist scales as r=n with n the number of nodes in the graph.
Authors' response: In this sentence, we discussed what other authors found when studying random networks in the limit of a large number of nodes, not what their requirement was to call a particular distribution a Poisson distribution.
"While random networks can be found in social...." This is a detail but I find the use of the term 'random' confusing here. What the authors are presumably referring to is graphs with particular degree distributions, i.e. Poisson. Graphs with other degree distributions can also results from random processes. In fact, that's precisely the topic of this paper. There are other places where the authors use 'random graphs' where 'Erdosz-Renyi graphs' would be less ambiguous.
Authors' response: We agree that we need to be careful not to use the same word when discussing graphs created by a random process, as opposed to random graphs defined by a Poissonian degree distribution. We have made sure that no such ambiguity remains in the text.
"The emergence of this scale-free distribution can be understood in many different ways..." Maybe I can be forgiven for mentioning that, to the best of my knowledge, the first publication showing a scale-free distribution of degrees of a biological network (edges representing significant sequence similarity between genes in a genome) was by Martijn Huynen and myself [65]. A simple multiplicative noise model was also presented to explain the observed power-law distribution.
Authors' response: Scale-free distributions are ubiquitous in nature because of the simplicity of the process that gives rise to them. In fact, any branching process where the rate of producing "similar" is much higher than the rate of producing "new" will lead to a power law. This has been known since 1924, when Yule applied such a model to understand the size distribution of taxon abundances [66]. A simple model that shows how violations of the scale-free distribution allow you to estimate the ratio between the parameters of the branching process is presented in [61], which also, incidentally, throws some light on the results in your MBE paper.
"...are fundamentally different from those produced probabilistically". Again, this is a confusing use of the word 'probabilistic' because the growth models studied here are also definitely probabilistic (i.e., where and when an edge or node is added/removed is not deterministic).
Authors' response: We agree that this language is imprecise. We have changed this sentence to say: "are fundamentally different from those where edges are placed between nodes probabilistically".
"...can produce networks with any degree distribution and any modularity..." As already mentioned, this is simply false. In fact, I think the authors would do readers a great service if they could show precisely what family of degree distributions can be obtained using their model. For example, on page 3 the authors claim that regular graphs and lattices can be generated using the model. At first I was confused by this but it is explained on page 5. However, what happens in this case is that one essentially encodes the entire graph in the assortativity matrix. In this limit one doesn't have a growth model at all anymore, one is really just specifying the entire adjacency matrix. Obviously, if I allow myself to specify an adjacency matrix I can get anything I want!
Authors' response: As discussed earlier in this reply, it is true that the adjacency matrix is necessary in order to create truly arbitrary degree distributions, so technically our statement is not "simply false". However, we agree that some readers might be misled into thinking that arbitrary degree distributions could be obtained with five parameters only, and we therefore inserted language that makes this caveat clear. However, it is also not correct to say that if you specify an adjacency matrix using the assortativity matrix that no growth takes place. Rather, the network can still grow towards that degree distribution as nodes are added, or, if we start with a network fully-formed, the network can be shrunk by removing nodes and edges.
The description of the model on page 3 is rather short and cryptic. It seems more natural to me to put the Models section simply before 'growing scale-free and other networks'.
Authors' response: We just now discovered that this is indeed an option in the "Biology Direct" format (but not in other formats), and we have followed this suggestion. Thank you.
I am also somewhat confused about the parametrization of the models. I initially assumed that P N + P E + P D = 1 but later I realized that these three probabilities are independent and this seems redundant to me. That is, if I start with a given setting of (P N , P E , P D ) then I can divide all these probabilities by X (with X ≥ 1) to get a parameter setting (P N /X,P E /X,P D /X) and it seems to me that this parameter setting would produce exactly the same networks.
Authors' response: This is indeed correct. Because this X can be determined by any of the other probabilities, there are in fact only 5 independent parameters in this model (not counting those that go into the assortativity matrix). We were aware of this relation, but did not make it clear everywhere. We now added text that makes this relationship clear everywhere.
This is in principle a small point but I noticed that in Figure 9 the authors show S as a function of P E /P N (P D = 0) for P N = 0.1, P N = 0.2, P N = 0.5, and P N = 1.0. Given that P E /P N is fixed, isn't it necessary that the different settings of P N just rescale time?
Authors' response: The different settings of P N create the different ratios P E /P N , which dial the ratio between edges and nodes. We could just as well have left P N constant and varied P E (doing this creates the same exact S, as we have verified). So, no, P E /P N is not fixed.
It seems to me a more logical parametrization is to think of 1 event happening at a time, and that this event can either be a node addition, edge addition, or duplication event, which occur with probabilities P N , P E , and (1 - P E - P N ).
Authors' response: We defined an update so that three events could take place in the same time step. Of course, the algorithm handles all events sequentially, so there is conceptually no difference. And because all the probabilities can be scaled by a common factor as you remarked, "time" is an arbitrary parameter anyway.
What is extra confusing about this is that, toward the end of the paper, the authors do seem to acknowledge that there are only 5 independent parameters (whereas previously they claimed there are 6).
Authors' response: We have now made the interdependence clear throughout the manuscript.
page 3: "older nodes have a higher probability of obtaining edges, and also have a higher probability of already sporting more edges." This is confusing. Whenever a single edge is added an older node is equally likely to be chosen as a younger node. In fact, if the older node has more edges already (and typically of course they will) then there is actually a bigger chance that the edge addition will be UNSUCCESSFUL (because an edge is picked that already exists), so that effectively older nodes have a SMALLER probability of obtaining another edge. What is correct is that older nodes have had more opportunities to grow edges and will thus in general sport more edges than young nodes.
Authors' response: Thank you for this clarification. We changed the wording according to this comment.
"the scale-free distribution is unavoidable." This nowhere demonstrated. In fact none of the distributions shown in figure 1 are true power-laws. Also, as already mentioned, it is unclear what the limiting degree distribution is for large network size (and whether there is such a limit). It is also unclear if one can truly get power-law degree distributions for any parameter setting. Some theory would be required for this.
Authors' response: First, true power laws do not exist for finite networks. It is, however, correct that we do not know the limiting degree distribution for infinite networks. On the other hand, because we are interested in understanding what processes could have given rise to realistic networks and given that realistic networks are never infinite, we are less interested in the limiting case. Besides, no real-world network is a "true power law". Finally, in the sentence you quote, we state that we "confirm that the scale-free distribution is unavoidable". We are referring here to previous work that showed that duplications give rise to scale-free distributions. We should have put a citation there, and we have done so now.
"...the most "pure" scale-free networks actually emerge if nodes are added more often than edges". This is a very vague statement. How is the 'purity' of a scale-free distribution measured and how much more often does one need to add nodes than edges to get distributions of a certain 'purity'?
Authors' response: We agree, this sentence could have been clearer. We now do not refer to the "purity" of a scale-free edge distribution any more: this term clearly is colloquial. Instead, we now write that "Networks that are scale-free over more decades actually emerge if nodes are added more often than edges". You are right, one could conceivably quantify this effect: we have left this for other users to test.
"choosing a low P N , on the other hand, leads to the growth of networks with a Poissonian degree distribution". I don't see at all why the authors think that Figure 2B shows a Poissonian degree distribution. In fact, intuitively I would guess that to get a real Poisson distribution one probably needs a limit P E /P N → ∞.
Authors' response: We agree, this distribution is not exactly a Poisson distribution. As we mentioned earlier, very few natural processes lead to exact Poisson distributions. For example, the degree distribution of the C. elegans neuronal network is often referred to as "Poissonian", but in fact cannot be fit by a Poisson distribution. It is perhaps an abuse of language, but we often refer to a "Poisson-like" distribution as "Poissonian". Nevertheless, we have changed that sentence by replacing "Poissonian" with "Poisson-like".
"We conclude that the edge distribution can be controlled entirely...". It is of course clear that, as P N ,P E , and P D are changed, one can get different degree distributions. But WHICH degree distributions one can get is really not clear. It is not clear to me if one can get true Poissonian or true power-law distributions in any limit. Clearly figure 3 suggests that the distributions one obtains might actually be quite complex mathematically (containing a minimum at some value of n that probability depends on the size to which the network is grown). What would really be helpful is some DERIVATION of what kind of networks are obtained for what kind of parameters in the limit of large network size.
Authors' response: As mentioned earlier, our goal is not to derive a mathematical theory about the kind of edge distributions that can be generated using certain processes in the limit of infinite networks or ratios of probabilities that approach zero or infinity, but to provide a tool that allows users to test hypotheses about processes, and a means to create distributions that are qualitatively similar to what we can see in nature.
The section on modularity I had no problems with although again the authors don't present a general theory for how modularity depends on all parameters, but rather just present a few illustrations in which one parameter is varied.
Authors' response: Just like you, we would also very much appreciate a general theory that predicts how modularity depends on all parameters. But we understand that understanding how a single parameter determines the modularity using first principles is already a difficult undertaking. For example, we previously had a section in the manuscript that investigates the dependence of modularity on the gene duplication probability, but found that the interaction with the other probabilities painted a very complex picture that could not be covered by a subsection, and we instead relegated that discussion to a subsequent manuscript. In that manuscript, we will also present a mathematical analysis of the modularity as a function of a few parameters, but even that manuscript will fall short of your call for a theory that predicts the modularity of a network as a function of all parameters.
page 9: "...the "small world" effect: the observation that many biological and technological networks have a short mean path between nodes (as compared to an equivalent randomized network)" I am not an expert but when I heard Duncan Watts speak about this about a decade ago the definition of the term 'small world' seemed to be that the mean path between nodes grows only LOGARITHMICALLY with the number of nodes in the network. This means that Erdosz-Renyi graphs are in the small-world class. The authors here seem to define small world as: even smaller mean path length than in an Erdosz-Renyi graph. This is a totally different concept.
Authors' response: While the concept we use may not be exactly that advocated by Watts and Strogatz a decade ago, it is the most modern measure of "small-worldness" to date, and quantitative to boot. It is described in detail Ref. [53].
Regarding equation (7), what happens when the number of edges is such that it is below the percolation threshold in the Erdosz-Renyi graph, i.e., so that the graph will fall into many small ones? How is the mean path length then defined and how is the ratio in equation (7) determined?
Authors' response: We thank the referee for pointing out this missing piece of information. When calculating the mean shortest path for networks that fall into unconnected subnetworks, we calculate the mean of shortest paths in the subnetworks (weighted by the size of the network) as is usual. For the parameter regime that we investigated, you can convince yourself that we are far from the percolation threshold, so that most nodes are in the largest connected component anyway.
"..which can be different from the clustering coefficient obtained by averaging the number of edges of the adjacent nodes." I didn't understand this remark. What precisely is being averaged?
Authors' response: This should have read: "(...) averaging the number of edges between adjacent nodes". Thanks for pointing this out.
page 10: "the ratio of these quantities can be used to measure small-world-ness". Again this seems confused to me. Small-world-ness in my understanding refers to the logarithmic scaling of mean distance with network size.
Authors' response: Humphries and Guerney (Ref. [53]) have provided a more quantitative measure, which is the one we are using.
Watts/Strogatz introduced a class of networks that combined the high clustering coefficient observed in many real world networks (and in lattices) with the logarithmically growing mean distance also observed in some real world networks (and in Erdosz-Renyi graphs). The point was that, starting from a lattice, you only need a small number of edges between randomly picked pairs of nodes, to change the scaling of mean distance from power-law (N1/dimension) to logarithmic in N. So a 'small world network' in the Watts/Strogatz sense is one that has high clustering AND logarithmically growing distance. It thus by definition requires 2 things to hold and cannot be quantified be easily quantified by a single number.
Authors' response: The ratio that Humphries and Guerney define does both things, and manages to quantify small-worldness by a single number. They incidentally show this by applying their ratio to the network analyzed by Watts and Strogatz.
The illustration on page 10 again shows just 1 particular example from which it is very hard to infer any general rules. For example, take this statement: "L g /Lrandom actually increases for decreasing q as long as P N /P E < 2." How are we to understand this? Would this hold for different values of q and PD or for different size networks?
Authors' response: Figure 9shows an average over 1,000 nodes, for a ratio of node to edge addition probabilities between 0.05 and 2, thus covering most of the interesting region, for two values of q that were representative (we have checked the whole range of q, but such a graph is not more instructive than the one we are presenting). It is true that different gene duplication probabilities will affect the graph. But the investigation of gene duplication on small-worldness and graph modularity is the subject of a different manuscript. The observation that L g /Lrandom increases for decreasing q is noteworthy because smaller q results in edge randomization of the network, which at first glance would imply that the ratio should decrease. The reason it increases in the region mentioned is because edge randomization can also connect disconnected parts of the graphs, thus increasing L g .
page 11: "We observe that the percolation phase transition only depends on the ratio P E /P N ". As I explained above, the way the model is defined it seems the graph structure per definition should only depend on the ratio P E /P N when p = q = 1 and P D = 0.
Authors' response: We agree, this sentence could be clearer. Indeed the transition depends on P D , as we show in Fig. 12. What we meant to say is that, given P D , the transition depends only on the ratio. We have made this clearer in the text.
"allowing for node duplication does not affect.... but do not affect its emergence." This is not so obvious to me. Clearly duplications do not connect different components of the graph, i.e. it only grows them, but it seems to me that duplications do affect the distribution of sizes of the components and so I would expect S to depend on P D . On a related note, again it seems that the dependence on the final size of the network is not studied. This is kind of crucial here since one only really has a transition in the limit of infinite network size. Whether S is independent of p is also not clear to me.
Authors' response: For the purpose of understanding the size of the largest component, node duplications act just like a node addition with concomitant edge addition. Thus, node duplication cannot affect the critical point, which is all we are saying. Also, there is no final size of the network, so we cannot study this (nor can anyone else).
Figure 10. Why on earth are networks only grown to size 100 in this figure? Surely one needs much bigger networks to talk about a transition. That is, one needs to show that the curves become independent of network size for large enough networks.
Authors' response: We learned from experience that networks grown to 100 nodes are not qualitatively different from those grown to 100,000 or even tens of millions of nodes when it comes to determining the relative size of the largest connected component. At P E /P N = 1, the size of the largest component is very close to 0.6 for networks of 100 nodes, which is almost indistinguishable from the relative size measured by Callaway et al. [43]for a 17 million node network grown with the same parameters.
'Biological relevance' section. I have a few comments here also. First, I don't see why there is any need to bin the edge distribution.
Authors' response: It turns out that conventional curve-fit routines are terrible in fitting the long tail of a power law, because the counting errors there are so large. Often, counts are included with a single observation at that size, and no observations for any of the adjacent sizes. Binning the data into bins that contain at least a fixed number of observations is an effective method to remove this problem. In Ref. [61]one of us shows that the curve that is fit through data binned using this method is for all intents and purposes identical to that which is generated by statistics so good that binning is not necessary. In other words, this binning method produces a distribution that is indistinguishable from the theoretical distribution creating the sample. In order to calculate a "goodness score" for our simulated network, we need to compare it to the data, which doesn't have any entries in many of the edge numbers. Binning allows you to compare meaningfully.
Given enough simulations it should be easy to calculate the likelihood to obtain the observed degree distribution using the model at a given parameter setting. Alternatively, one could calculate something like a Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistic to assess how close the degree distributions of the grown networks are to the observed one. This brings me to my second point. Even for the 'best' grown networks I bet that a Kolmogorov-Smirnov test would reject the hypothesis that the degree distributions are the same. That is, although the authors' model allows one to grow 'similar' degree distributions, it seems pretty clear to me that the model does actually NOT allow one to reproduce the observed degree distribution within statistical noise.
Authors' response: Based on your suggestion, we have performed a statistical test to assess the closeness of the degree distributions. The appropriate test here is to determine whether two independent samples both are drawn from the same underlying probability distribution (as the biological datum is technically not a probability distribution, we should not be using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test). We used a non-parametric test (the Wilcoxon rank-sum test), and show that we cannot reject the hypothesis that the biological datum and the simulation are samples taken from the same underlying probability distribution (see new text). In other words, this is a bet that you would have lost. In fairness, we note that we decided to remove data from the yeast edge distribution for which the number of edges exceeds 120 (removing exactly eight proteins out of 3,306 from the data set). We removed those because it makes no sense to fit data this sparse, which also does not appear to follow the degree distribution of the remaining 3,298 proteins. We note this removal in the manuscript.
Second, why is only the degree distribution looked at? What about the clustering coefficients and distribution of distances between nodes? Wouldn't one want to see if the grown networks also reasonably approximate these statistics of the real world networks?
Authors' response: It was not the object of this comparison to show that the simulated networks are identical to biological ones. Surely we can test whether other statistics are also well-approximated, and if they don't then we can refine our parameter search in such a manner that we perhaps satisfy any additional constraint. The point is that nothing would be sufficient to prove that the parameters we find are actually those that drove the biological process, so pushing the similarity of the networks further is a somewhat futile undertaking. The title of the manuscript emphasizes degree distributions, so we focused on that character.
page 15: "Another standard control... while keeping the total number of edges and nodes the same." Really? Won't this in general change the number of edges and in fact lead to a graph in which half of all possible edges exist on average?
Authors' response: For the parameter setting that we discuss there, the number of edges does not change on average, as an edge is removed as often as one is added. The process instantiates a random walk in "edge number space" where the mean stays constant.
As a general remark about the conclusions, the claims that the authors make about what they have done are much more grandiose than what has really been done in my opinion. As already pointed out, nowhere is a general theoretical analysis presented of what kind of combinations of topological features can and cannot be produced within this growth model. To give just one example: to what extent can degree distributions, clustering coefficients, and distances be tuned independently? Over what range?
Authors' response: We suppose that the size of claims is in the eye of the beholder, but several times in this reply we have emphasized that our claims are really very modest, and that instead you have several times imputed claims to us that we either do not make, or do not intend to make. Furthermore, we have repeatedly pointed out that some of your expectations of what it is that we should be presenting in this manuscript are either unrealistic or downright impossible to realize. We readily agree that a reader should not walk away from this manuscript believing that we can grow any desired network with just a few parameters, and we have included language in the introduction that makes that caveat, while toning down any passage that could be misunderstood as claiming that the model is "universal".
"These networks, however, are entirely devoid of any function". How can one know this? It all depends on the function. There are some circumstances where a network that is perfectly optimized for a given function can be automatically generated using just the kind of stochastic growth process that the authors are using.
Authors' response: We responded to this misunderstanding earlier: all we state is that we show that a particular feature ("form") can emerge without selection for function, so that we can reject the hypothesis that function is necessary for the evolution of form. It would be silly to claim that the resulting form can never be useful for any function (and we do not make this claim).
Reviewer 2: Teresa Przytycka, NIH/NLM/NCBI (nominated by Claus Wilke)
Hintze and Adami propose a general model to grow networks with diverse degree distributions. Their model uses a small number of intuitive parameters - conditional probability of node/edge addition/deletion and node duplication. The authors propose that by appropriately adjusting these parameters it is possible to construct a network with an arbitrary degree distribution. Indeed, they demonstrated that the method provides means for iterative generation of a large number of different types of networks. The authors also demonstrated (experimentally) that modifying in a continuous way leads to a "phase transition" in the properties of generated network. Another interesting property of their network growing algorithm is that it facilities growing modular networks (utilizing the functional modularity measure introduced by the authors). These are indeed interesting observations. Missing from the presentation is some kind of graphical presentation of the parameters landscape-which parameters lead to which type of distribution. Admittedly, not everything can be summarized in one figure, and not all combination of parameters tested, but some kind of summary figure or table would be very helpful.
Authors' response: This is a very helpful suggestion. We have followed your advice and introduced a new Figure (Fig. 5) that summarizes how some key parameters affect the degree distribution. It is only a qualitative figure, but certainly paints a much more intuitive picture.
To be precise, the authors didn't prove that their method allows for growing networks with arbitrary degree distribution. Rather they showed that networks with some degree distributions can be generated. Even for the network types discussed in the paper, the argument is mostly informal-based on visual inspection of the degree distribution of generated graph. It would be more correct to state, that they postulate that this method allows for growing networks with broad range of degree distributions and provide computational simulations to support this postulate. I doubt that truly arbitrary degree distribution can be achieved by this approach.
Authors' response: We are grateful for your remarks. We are now aware that the structure of the paper does not adequately reflect our intentions. While it is true that we can generate arbitrary degree distribution if we engage the help of the adjacency matrix, it is also true that arbitrary degree distributions cannot be obtained using the five main independent parameters. We have modified the abstract and included a new paragraph in the introduction that makes these restrictions clear.
The concept of anti-modularity is very unintuitive. How does it differ from simply not being modular and what are examples of anti-modular network, if any? Can the authors provide an example of a network that is not modular and is not anti-modular?
Authors' response: Anti-modular networks are networks where nodes of the same kind preferentially do not attach to each other. Typical examples are bi-partite networks, for example dating networks where the majority of edges are between nodes classified as opposite gender. But there are also such examples in biology, e.g., gene regulatory networks where some nodes are transcription factors and others are DNA binding sites.
The authors also demonstrated that that they are able to adjust the parameters of the model to generate networks approximating degree distribution of selected biological network. While this is interesting, it immediately raises the question whether the networks (simulated and real) are similar in a more broad sense. Clearly, vertex degree distribution is just one measure of a network property. If the proposed network growing algorithm truly mimics evolutionary scenario, similarities of other properties of the network, such as diameter, distribution of small sub-networks (such as the graphlets proposed by Przulj), connectivity, etc. should be also be observed. It would be important to check if this is indeed the case.
Authors' response: This comment echoes the one made above by Erik, and we sympathize with the feeling inasmuch as if a whole manuscript were devoted to the issue, then we certainly would want to follow exactly the path proposed by you and Erik. In fact, we have another manuscript where we are investigating the distribution of motifs in real and simulated C. elegans neuronal connection graphs. But such an analysis would explode the boundaries of this manuscript: in the section "Biological relevance" we simply set out to test whether the degree distribution of some well-known networks can be approximated, as this is after all a claim that we are making. We have changed the wording in that paragraph to make sure that our ambition is not misunderstood.
Reviewer 3: Leonid Mirny (Massachussetts Institute of Technology)
This reviewer provided no comments for publication.
We would like to thank Alpan Raval and Bjørn Østman for discussions and comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by NSF's Frontiers in Integrative Biological Research program grant FIBR-0527023.
13062_2010_215_MOESM1_ESM.tiff Authors' original file for figure 1
13062_2010_215_MOESM10_ESM.tiff Authors' original file for figure 10
13062_2010_215_MOESM14_ESM.pdf Authors' original file for figure 14
AH and CA conducted the research and wrote the manuscript.
Keck Graduate Institute of Applied Life Sciences, 535 Watson Drive, Claremont, CA 91711, USA
Barabasi AL: Linked: How Everything is Connected to Everything Else. 2002, Cambridge, MA: PerseusGoogle Scholar
Bornholdt S, Schuster HG, (Eds): Handbook of Graphs and Networks: From the Genome to the Internet. 2002, Berlin: Wiley-VCHGoogle Scholar
Watts DJ: Small Worlds: The Dynamics of Networks between Order and Randomness. 2003, Princeton, N.J.: Prince-ton University PressGoogle Scholar
Newman M, Barabasi AL, Watts D: The Structure and Dynamics of Networks. 2006, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University PressGoogle Scholar
Barrat A, Barthelemy M, Vespignani A: Dynamical Processes in Complex Networks. 2008, Cambridge, MA: Cam-bridge University PressView ArticleGoogle Scholar
Clark K, Baldwin C: Design Rules. The Power of Modularity. 2000, Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, 1:Google Scholar
Kirschner M, Gerhart J: Evolvability. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1998, 95: 8420-8427. 10.1073/pnas.95.15.8420.PubMedPubMed CentralView ArticleGoogle Scholar
Wagner A: Robustness and Evolvability in Living Systems. 2005, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University PressGoogle Scholar
Wagner A: Robustness, evolvability, and neutrality. FEBS Letters. 2005, 579: 1772-8. 10.1016/j.febslet.2005.01.063.PubMedView ArticleGoogle Scholar
Hartwell LH, Hopfield JJ, Leibler S, Murray AW: From molecular to modular cell biology. Nature. 1999, 402: C47-52. 10.1038/35011540.PubMedView ArticleGoogle Scholar
Schlosser G, Wagner G: Modularity in Development and Evolution. 2004, Chicago, IL: University of Chicago PressGoogle Scholar
Callebaut W, Rasskin-Gutman D: Modularity: Understanding the Development and Evolution of Complex Systems. 2005, Cambridge, MA: MIT PressGoogle Scholar
Alon U: An Introduction to Systems Biology: Design Principles of Biological Networks. 2007, Boca Raton: Chapman and Hall/CRCGoogle Scholar
Rives AW, Galitski T: Modular organization of cellular networks. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2003, 100: 1128-33. 10.1073/pnas.0237338100.PubMedPubMed CentralView ArticleGoogle Scholar
Spirin V, Mirny LA: Protein complexes and functional modules in molecular networks. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2003, 100: 12123-12128. 10.1073/pnas.2032324100.PubMedPubMed CentralView ArticleGoogle Scholar
Clauset A, Newman MEJ, Moore C: Finding community structure in very large networks. Phys Rev E. 2004, 70: 066111-10.1103/PhysRevE.70.066111.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
Newman MEJ: Modularity and community structure in networks. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2006, 103: 8577-8582. 10.1073/pnas.0601602103.PubMedPubMed CentralView ArticleGoogle Scholar
Segal E, Shapira M, Regev A, Pe'er D, Botstein D, Koller D, Friedman N: Module networks: identifying regulatory modules and their condition-specific regulators from gene expression data. Nat Genet. 2003, 34: 166-76. 10.1038/ng1165.PubMedView ArticleGoogle Scholar
Segal E, Friedman N, Koller D, Regev A: A module map showing conditional activity of expression modules in cancer. Nat Genet. 2004, 36: 1090-8. 10.1038/ng1434.PubMedView ArticleGoogle Scholar
Snel B, Bork P, Huynen MA: The identification of functional modules from the genomic association of genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2002, 99: 5890-5. 10.1073/pnas.092632599.PubMedPubMed CentralView ArticleGoogle Scholar
Qin H, Lu H, Wu W, Li WH: Evolution of the yeast protein interaction network. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2003, 100: 12820-4. 10.1073/pnas.2235584100.PubMedPubMed CentralView ArticleGoogle Scholar
Slonim N, Elemento O, Tavazoie S: Ab initio genotype-phenotype association reveals intrinsic modularity in genetic networks. Mol Syst Biol. 2006, 2: 0005-10.1038/msb4100047.PubMedView ArticleGoogle Scholar
Gupta S, Anderson RM, May RM: Networks of sexual contacts: implications for the pattern of spread of HIV. AIDS. 1989, 3: 807-817. 10.1097/00002030-198912000-00005.PubMedView ArticleGoogle Scholar
Newman MEJ: Assortative mixing in networks. Phys Rev Lett. 2002, 89: 208701-10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.208701.PubMedView ArticleGoogle Scholar
Newman MEJ: Mixing patterns in networks. Phys Rev E. 2003, 67: 026126-10.1103/PhysRevE.67.026126.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
Newman MEJ, Girvan M: Finding and evaluating community structure in networks. Phys Rev E. 2004, 69: 026113-10.1103/PhysRevE.69.026113.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
Middendorf M, Ziv E, Wiggins CH: Inferring network mechanisms: the Drosophila melanogaster protein interaction network. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2005, 102: 3192-7. 10.1073/pnas.0409515102.PubMedPubMed CentralView ArticleGoogle Scholar
Erdös P, Rényi A: On random graphs. Publicationes Mathematicae. 1959, 6: 290-297.Google Scholar
Erdös P, Rényi A: On the evolution of random graphs. Magyar Tud Akad Mat Kutató Int Közl. 1960, 5: 17-61.Google Scholar
Erdös P, Rényi A: On the strength of connectedness of a random graph. Acta Mathematica Hungarica. 1961, 12: 261-267. 10.1007/BF02066689.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
Solomonoff R, Rapoport A: Connectivity of random nets. Bulletin of Mathematical Biology. 1951, 13: 107-117.Google Scholar
Amaral LA, Scala A, Barthelemy M, Stanley HE: Classes of small-world networks. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2000, 97: 11149-52. 10.1073/pnas.200327197.PubMedPubMed CentralView ArticleGoogle Scholar
White J, Southgate E, Thomson J, Brenner S: The structure of the nervous system of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Philos Trans R Soc Lond Biol Sci. 1986, 314: 1-340. 10.1098/rstb.1986.0056.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
Reigl M, Alon U, Chklovskii DB: Search for computational modules in the C. elegans brain. BMC Biol. 2004, 2: 25-10.1186/1741-7007-2-25.PubMedPubMed CentralView ArticleGoogle Scholar
Barabasi AL, Albert R: Emergence of scaling in random networks. Science. 1999, 286: 509-12. 10.1126/science.286.5439.509.PubMedView ArticleGoogle Scholar
Albert R, Barabasi A: Topology of evolving networks: local events and universality. Phys Rev Lett. 2000, 85: 5234-5237. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.5234.PubMedView ArticleGoogle Scholar
Vazquez A: Growing network with local rules: preferential attachment, clustering hierarchy, and degree correlations. Phys Rev E. 2003, 67: 056104-10.1103/PhysRevE.67.056104.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
Bauke H, Sherrington D: Topological phase transition in complex networks. 2007, arxiv.org/abs/0710.0831,Google Scholar
Pfeiffer T, Soyer OS, Bonhoeffer S: The evolution of connectivity in metabolic networks. PLoS Biol. 2005, 3: e228-10.1371/journal.pbio.0030228.PubMedPubMed CentralView ArticleGoogle Scholar
Bornholdt S, Rohlf T: Topological evolution of dynamical networks: global criticality from local dynamics. Phys Rev Lett. 2000, 84: 6114-6117. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.84.6114.PubMedView ArticleGoogle Scholar
Raval A: Some asymptotic properties of duplication graphs. Phys Rev E. 2003, 68: 066119-10.1103/PhysRevE.68.066119.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
Newman MEJ: The structure and function of complex networks. SIAM Review. 2003, 45: 167-256. 10.1137/S003614450342480.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
Callaway DS, Hopcroft JE, Kleinberg JM, Newman ME, Strogatz SH: Are randomly grown graphs really random?. Phys Rev E. 2001, 64: 041902-10.1103/PhysRevE.64.041902.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
Price DJD: General theory of bibliometric and other cumulative advantage processes. Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 1976, 27: 292-306. 10.1002/asi.4630270505.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
Dorogovtsev SN, Mendes JF, Samukhin AN: Structure of growing networks with preferential linking. Phys Rev Lett. 2000, 85: 4633-4636. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.4633.PubMedView ArticleGoogle Scholar
Krapivsky PL, Redner S, Leyvraz F: Connectivity of growing random networks. Phys Rev Lett. 2000, 85: 4629-32. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.4629.PubMedView ArticleGoogle Scholar
Pastor-Satorras R, Smith E, Sole RV: Evolving protein interaction networks through gene duplication. J Theor Biol. 2003, 222: 199-210. 10.1016/S0022-5193(03)00028-6.PubMedView ArticleGoogle Scholar
Bebek G, Berenbrink P, Cooper C, Friedetzky T, Nadeau J, Sahinalp SC: The degree distribution of the generalized duplication model. Theoretical Computer Science. 2006, 369: 239-249. 10.1016/j.tcs.2006.08.045.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
Fell DA, Wagner A: The small world of metabolism. Nat Biotechnol. 2000, 18: 1121-2. 10.1038/81025.PubMedView ArticleGoogle Scholar
Jeong H, Neda Z, Barabasi AL: Measuring preferential attachment in evolving networks. Europhysics Letters. 2003, 61: 567-572. 10.1209/epl/i2003-00166-9.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
Newman MEJ: Properties of highly clustered networks. Phys Rev E. 2003, 68: 026121-10.1103/PhysRevE.68.026121.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
Watts DJ, Strogatz SH: Collective dynamics of 'small-world' networks. Nature. 1998, 393: 440-442. 10.1038/30918.PubMedView ArticleGoogle Scholar
Humphries MD, Gurney K: Network 'small-world-ness': a quantitative method for determining canonical network equivalence. PLoS ONE. 2008, 3: e0002051-10.1371/journal.pone.0002051.PubMedView ArticleGoogle Scholar
Newman ME, Moore C, Watts DJ: Mean-field solution of the small-world network model. Phys Rev Lett. 2000, 84: 3201-3204. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.84.3201.PubMedView ArticleGoogle Scholar
Bollobas B: Random Graph Theory. 2001, London: Cambridge University PressView ArticleGoogle Scholar
Dorogovtsev SN, Mendes JF, Samukhin AN: Anomalous percolation properties of growing networks. Phys Rev E. 2001, 64: 066110-10.1103/PhysRevE.64.066110.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
Bollobas B, Janson S, Riordan O: The phase transition in the uniformly grown random graph has infinite order. Random Struct Alg. 2005, 26: 1-36. 10.1002/rsa.20041.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
Chen BL, Hall DH, Chklovskii DB: Wiring optimization can relate neuronal structure and function. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2006, 103: 4723-4728. 10.1073/pnas.0506806103.PubMedPubMed CentralView ArticleGoogle Scholar
Reguly T, Breitkreutz A, Boucher L, Breitkreutz BJ, Hon GC, Myers CL, Parsons A, Friesen H, Oughtred R, Tong A, Stark C, Ho Y, Botstein D, Andrews B, Boone C, Troyanskya OG, Ideker T, Dolinski K, Batada NN, Tyers M: Comprehensive curation and analysis of global interaction networks in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol. 2006, 5: 11-10.1186/jbiol36.PubMedPubMed CentralView ArticleGoogle Scholar
Sulston JE, Schierenberg E, White JG, Thomson JN: The embryonic cell lineage of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Dev Biol. 1983, 100: 64-119. 10.1016/0012-1606(83)90201-4.PubMedView ArticleGoogle Scholar
Adami C, Chu J: Critical and near-critical branching processes. Phys Rev E. 2002, 66: 011907-10.1103/PhysRevE.66.011907.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
Ohno S: Evolution by Gene Duplication. 1970, Berlin: Springer VerlagView ArticleGoogle Scholar
Zhang J: Evolution by gene duplication: an update. Trends in Ecology and Evolution. 2003, 18: 292-298. 10.1016/S0169-5347(03)00033-8.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
Milo R, Kashtan N, Itzkovitz S, Newman MEJ, Alon U: On the uniform generation of random graphs with prescribed degree sequences. Tech rep. 2003, Arxiv: cond-mat/0312028Google Scholar
Huynen MA, van Nimwegen E: The frequency distribution of gene family sizes in complete genomes. Mol Biol Evol. 1998, 15: 583-9.PubMedView ArticleGoogle Scholar
Yule G: A mathematical theory of evolution based on the conclusions of Dr. J. C. Willis, F.R.S. Proc Royal Society London Ser B. 1924, 213: 21-87.View ArticleGoogle Scholar | function of P E /P N , for networks grown with various combinations of P N and P E : Crosses: P N = 0.1, circles: P N = 0.2, squares: P N = 0.5, dots: P N = 1.0 (with P D = 0 and p = q = r = 1). Networks grown to 10,000 edges, average over 100 networks.
Similarly, allowing for node duplication does not change the transition, as duplications may change the absolute size of the giant component, but do not affect its emergence. Node fusion, on the other hand, does affect the emergence of the giant component because fusions can lead to the merger of two separate clusters | 158 |
The Comparative Method of Rupert Lodge
At the end of 1935, coming up to his last undergraduate months at Cambridge and in search of a teaching job, McLuhan wrote to E.K. Brown, the new chairman of the English Department back at the University of Manitoba. Describing his own experience there from 1929 to 1934, McLuhan wrote that although he majored in English, he had come to direct his major "energies to<|fim_middle|>". ↩
See Innis and "the conditions of freedom of thought". ↩
This entry was posted in 3 Forms of Being, Biography, Innis, Lodge, McLuhan's Catholicism, Winnipeg School of Communications, Wright on July 14, 2017 by McEwen.
← McNaspy remembers McLuhan On Lewis and Technology 1944 → | philosophy, and did [his] best work for Professor [Rupert Clendon] Lodge." (Dec 12, 1935, Letters 79)1
Lodge took a "comparative" approach to philosophy in which the first task in addressing any problem or issue was to consider how it would appear in three fundamentally different types of experience, "three well-defined channels".2
Lodge described this method in a programmatic essay published in Manitoba Essays3, a volume he edited in 1937 "in commemoration of the sixtieth anniversary of the University of Manitoba by members of the teaching staffs of the university and its affiliated colleges". Lodge's essay, concluding the volume, was called 'The Comparative Method in Philosophy':
How many philosophical alternatives are there? Theoretically it looks as though the number of -isms [realism, idealism, etc] might be infinite. (…) The history of such speculation, however, (…) indicates that philosophical theorizings (…) flow in one of three well-defined channels. (…) Realism interprets experience as a kind of being, idealism as a kind of knowing. It is easy to see that, as indicated, both realism and idealism are one-sided. Experience has been split up into two aspects, and then the whole has been interpreted exclusively in terms of one of its aspects. It is all nature, or all mind. The extreme forms of these views have always invited criticism. To interpret the whole in terms of one of its parts, whichever part we take as fundamental, can hardly be sound. Obviously the only sound method is to interpret the whole in terms of the whole. Consequently a third type of philosophy has tended to develop: a philosophy which tries to be true to experience, and to avoid all abstract and one-sided theorizings. This attempt at interpretation has taken many forms. One of the best known is called "pragmatism".
Here, then, we have three typical directions in which philosophers move when they attempt to master experience: the realist, the idealist, and the pragmatist direction. In the nature of the case, these directions are divergent. To take one pathway, of itself precludes taking either of the others. If any one pathway is right, then the others are certainly wrong.4 So much is clear. But is any pathway right, and, if so, which? How are we to tell?
Where the differences express, in the end, not merely divergent temperaments but divergent lives, ways of living whose whole background and outlook are diverse, there is no cheap and easy method of deciding between such schools. Each declares with equal sincerity and regard for truth that its own view is and must be accepted as the best. Judged in the light of experience as a whole, each works well.
Is there any way in which this method [of following one's "own view"] could be improved? I think there is one way and one way only: namely, by completely reversing the usual procedure. (…) In studying any problem as philosophers, I suggest that we should approach it (1) from the realist, (2) from the idealist, and (3) from the pragmatist standpoint, so as to view it from all three angles. Not that these views can, by some dialectical hocus-pocus, be combined into a single picture. They cannot. As theoretical alternatives each definitely excludes the other two.
We conclude that, for theoretical philosophers, a many-sided comparative study is of greater importance than adherence to a single view; and that (…) any single view may well be regarded with suspicion.
If philosophy is essentially speculative, an affair of alternative possibilities, I must study those alternative possibilities, and must not, in my enthusiasm for realism (or idealism or pragmatism) close my eyes to alternative possibilities. In so far as any one alternative (eg, realism) refuses to be regarded as one alternative amongst others, and claims to be in exclusive possession of the whole truth, I must be sceptical of its claims. In fact, in so far as it ceases to be sceptical about its own claims, and becomes convinced realism (or convinced idealism or convinced pragmatism), it loses its open-mindedness and is really ceasing to be truly speculative and philosophical. ln a word, it is precisely such one-sided philosophizing which is anti-philosophical, and not comparative philosophy, with its scepticism directed against one-sidedness. As the speculative construction of interpretations which essentially admit of alternatives, philosophy is necessarily sceptical of one-sided claims; and its proper method of study is necessarily comparative.
McLuhan came to criticize this method severely when he was in Cambridge:
Lodge is a decided Platonist and I learned [to think] that way as long as I was trying to interpret Christianity in terms of comparative religion. Having perceived the sterility of that process, I now realize that Aristotle is the soundest basis for Xian doctrine. (McLuhan to Elsie, Herbert & Maurice McLuhan, February 1935, Letters 53)
It is all important to consider what McLuhan was criticizing in Lodge here — and also what he was not.5 What McLuhan considered "sterile" in "trying to interpret Christianity in terms of comparative religion" was the stipulation that "for theoretical philosophers, a many-sided comparative study is of greater importance than adherence to a single view" such that "any single view may well be regarded with suspicion" and "and it is quite possible that all (…) are (…) fallacious". But to regard Christianity suspiciously as merely one cultural option among many, one that could well be "fallacious", was, of course, exactly not to be Christian and to distance oneself, at a stroke, from a two-thousand year history6 and from (in McLuhan's case) the faith and social forms of one's own family for generations stretching back beyond memory.
Put in the terms of Harold Innis, such an option was situated at the extreme 'space' end of the time-space spectrum. Only so could it be oblivious to the violence done to its own roots and to the dangers it might be generating for the future. To be oblivious in these ways was for Innis exactly not to think. Hence the association he proffered between particular time-space assumptions and the "conditions of freedom of thought".7
Further the "suspicion" exercised by such "comparative study" was itself "a single view" and so fell before the critique made by Lodge himself of all such singularities: "experience has been split up into two aspects [here "the comparative method" and everything else], and then the whole has been interpreted exclusively in terms of one of its aspects." But by what right did "the comparative method" assume this prerogative? Lodge's silence on this issue and on its associated assumption that abstract(ed) thought was higher and more valuable than the particulars considered by it lay behind McLuhan's charge that he was "a decided Platonist". Indeed, Lodge himself insisted that "philosophy is essentially speculative, an affair of alternative possibilities".
Moreover, the "comparative method" was utterly abstract in a series of other ways as well. It had no way of accounting for the relation between its analysis and the objects it claimed to understand. Nor did it consider its context in a particular time and space. Nor did it have an explanation for the fact that it and its practitioners were utterly finite and yet seemed capable of true perception — how was this communication possible?
As a result of considerations like these (but also, of course, from many others, especially from his deepening knowledge of modern English authors from Hopkins to Eliot, Pound and Joyce), McLuhan took on the task of trying to formulate a discipline that would evade the problems of Lodge's "comparative method" — but that would preserve certain features of that method, especially the recourse to "well-defined" types in the analysis of human history and society. This quest would find its first fruit in McLuhan's PhD thesis almost a decade later (1943) in which the three arts of the trivium would be used both as a subject in the history of Europe for two thousand years (roughly 400 BC to 1600 AD) and as a background "dispute" in the works of Thomas Nashe. The next year McLuhan gave a lecture in St Louis bringing the terms of his thesis into the present: 'An Ancient Quarrel in Modern America' (published in 1946 and later included in The Interior Landscape). And his whole career thereafter would be dedicated to such questions as: How to define the fundamental structures (plural) at work in individual and social history? Just how do these structures work, in terms of their genesis, their interactions with one another and their "penetration" of mind and society? And how might a collective study of these matters be initiated?
All of these questions went back to Lodge's "comparative method".
According to Marchand (p 28), Lodge called McLuhan his "most outstanding" student in a recommendation included in his application to Cambridge. The McLuhan Papers in Ottawa retain correspondence between McLuhan and Lodge from 1944-1945, so the two remained in touch at least until this time. ↩
This and all citations below, unless otherwise noted, come from Lodge's 'The Comparative Method in Philosophy', in Manitoba Essays, ed Lodge, 1937, 405-432. ↩
https://books.google.com/books?id=KFADAAAAMAAJ. ↩
Lodge in this same essay: "As (…) opposed interpretations, systems of thought based upon principles logically incompatible with one another (…) cannot possibly all be true; and it is quite possible that all such alternative -isms are, to an undetermined degree, fallacious." ↩
The "comparative method" advocated by Lodge (and the somewhat similar procedure of his colleague, Henry Wright) gave McLuhan a series of topics for life-long consideration. Its central contention was that the medium is the message — any issue or problem can be construed (epistemologically? ontologically?) in at least three fundamentally different ways and the first business for thought was to consider the spectrum of those possible ways. Implicated with this contention was the idea that the gap is where the action is since the borders or gaps between such possibilities must be navigable if a "comparative method" in Lodge's sense were to be possible at all. So the "comparative method" could be said to be an exercise in making oneself at home in the 'gaps between' fundamental possibilities as the only way of considering them in their plurality. These gaps as the means or medium of this comparative consideration would ultimately be the medium that is the message. ↩
A tradition is not the possession of all answers to all problems. It is a continuing commitment to consider new problems in relation to solutions that have been found to old ones in the past. This sort of commitment is an immediate casualty of the loss of what Innis called "time sense | 2,305 |
This 29-Year-Old Launched a Business to Support Black NFT Artists—and It Made $140,000 in 10 Months: I See It as a Way to<|fim_middle|>00 and 5 other crypto updates you should know
Make ItCryptocurrencyBitcoinMake It - MoneyBitcoin/USD Coinbase | 'Rebalance Power'
By Taylor Locke, CNBC • Published January 14, 2022 • Updated on January 14, 2022 at 11:28 am
Courtesy of Iris Nevins
In early 2021, Iris Nevins, a longtime art collector, officially dedicated her career to uplifting artists.
She originally planned to create an online store for artists to sell their work, along with her co-founder, Omar Desire. But when she learned about NFTs, or nonfungible tokens, in 2020, she decided the technology would be a "much more profound way to help artists."
"We thought that we could do more, have bigger impact and generate more revenue for the artists, for ourselves, [with NFTs] than trying to sell prints and paintings online," Nevins, 29, tells CNBC Make It.
In February 2021, Nevins and her team launched NFT studio Umba Daima, which promotes artists and educates people about Web3. Among its many offerings, the Umba Daima team manages and consults with artists, earning a percentage of their sales, and helps build online communities for marketplaces.
Umba Daima also launched a number of sub-brands, which it oversees. The first was Black NFT Art, followed quickly by the NFT Roundtable podcast and virtual exhibit The Unseen Gallery.
"We noticed that the artists that were having a lot of success had these really strong communities around them that were promoting or reposting on social media or participating in their drops," Nevins says. The studio launched Black NFT Art "in an attempt to create that kind of experience for Black artists."
One example of Umba Daima's success is artist Andre Oshea, who the company managed for about four and a half months. His NFT sales were low when he first started working with Umba Daima, but now, "Andre Oshea is one of the top Black artists in the space," Nevins says.
In 2021, Umba Daima made $140,000 in revenue from all of its brands.
Though it's a milestone, the team is still bootstrapping. Nevins hasn't paid herself, even though she quit her day job to focus on Umba Daima full-time. Most of her team members are essentially volunteers, she says, although she pays them when she can. "We're a good way from being profitable, but I'm hoping that it can happen soon."
She's thankful for people like Tonya Evans, professor at Pennsylvania State Dickinson Law, and Kyle Hill, head of crypto at consultancy platform Troika IO, who have helped Umba Daima along the way. "It's been really nice, especially as a Black woman founder, to have people provide so much support and believe in me so much," Nevins says.
'Crypto, blockchain and NFT use are so important'
Nevins is passionate about equity and social justice, and sees blockchain technology as a tool to work toward closing the wealth gap, which has been exacerbated by the Covid-19 pandemic, the latest data from the World Inequality Report shows.
In 2021, the top 10% of the global population owned 76% of total household wealth, whereas the bottom 50% owned 2%, according to the report.
That type of inequality is "why I think that crypto, blockchain and NFT use are so important," Nevins says. "It's a technology that allows us to create a whole new economic system in which the power can be rebalanced."
Nevins sees little possibility for traditional financial systems to be reworked and thinks that building something new is necessary to uplift people who are marginalized and underrepresented.
However, the NFT space still isn't perfect.
When first starting out, Nevins noticed a lack of diversity in the industry and saw an opportunity to build a more equitable space for creators of color. "There weren't many Black artists, or if they were there, they were really hard to find," she says. "You didn't see Black artists generating much sales."
Additionally, many of the top NFT marketplaces require creators to apply or be invited to list their work. But Nevins says she's noticed some platforms not accepting or inviting artists of color.
The current application process for many NFT marketplaces also enforces a culture where only those with an "in" can succeed, Nevins says. "That's problematic because if you're not actively building relationships with Black people in the space, how are you going to get Black artists on the platform?" she says.
Nevins hopes that one day, those same NFT marketplaces will change their practices and work more closely with community builders, like Black NFT Art.
"The marketplaces all benefit from the work that people like myself do," she says. "It's disappointing when a lot of these platforms don't make an effort to collaborate with us. [They] can do more to partner with grassroots organizers."
What's next for Umba Daima
Looking ahead, Nevins is excited to see growth of Black-owned NFT platforms, including The Well and Disrupt Art, this year. She's also excited to see more film, music and dance NFTs in the market.
In fact, Umba Daima's first one-of-one NFT drop is slated for February, and will include work from popular artists like Shaylin Wallace and Dominique Weiss, among others.
"We want to be able to help all of the artists that we collaborate with get their flowers and grow through that process," she says. "I think most people's association with NFTs is CryptoPunks. They haven't actually sat down and looked at what regular artists are creating."
Sign up now: Get smarter about your money and career with our weekly newsletter
Why this mom quit her job to focus on crypto full time and build 'generational wealth'
This 32-year-old artist brought in over $200,000 selling NFTs. Here's how she's supporting women of color
This 24-year-old artist has made over $300,000 in 10 months selling NFTs
Jack Dorsey: Block is 'officially building an open bitcoin mining system'
Mark Cuban says this is 'the least important part of crypto' for investors to focus on
Bitcoin briefly falls below $40,0 | 1,351 |
No. 11 Towson won its third Colonial Athletic Association (CAA) Championship in the<|fim_middle|> at 4 p.m. at Johnny Unitas Stadium. | last five years Saturday after a 4-2 win over the Fairfield Stags at Johnny Unitas Stadium.
The win clinched a NCAA Tournament berth for the Tigers (14-2), and the team will face the Hobart Statesmen (10-6) in a First Four. The winner will face the 2015 NCAA Champion Denver Pioneers (13-2).
The Tigers faced an uphill battle after the Stags (9-8) shut the team out in the first half and took a 2-0 lead into halftime, as midfielder Charlie Schnider and attackman Charlie Horning both scored in the quarter.
Towson fought back in the second half with a 4-0 run, which started with a man-up goal from junior attackman Tyler Konen.
Junior attackman Joe Seider scored his 31st goal of the season with three minutes left in the third quarter, tieing the game at 2-2. The offense moved from there, as Parks scored two minutes later and gave Towson its first lead of the game.
Parks added another goal late in the fourth quarter and Towson's defense was able to shut out Fairfield's offense in the second half.
Redshirt senior goalie Tyler White finished the game with 15 saves.
Lowe was named the Tournament's Most Outstanding Player. White, Parks and senior defenseman Nick Gorman were named to the All-Tournament Team.
The Tigers move into the NCAA Tournament and will face the Hobart Statesmen. The game will be Wednesday | 316 |
It started with one simple question posed by Senator Bernie Sandersto his constituents in an invitation to a town meeting: what does the decline of the middle class mean to you personally?
A second question was askedin his e-newsletter, The Bernie Buzz: do you have a story to tell about how gas prices are affecting you?
Sanders is bringing together "friends in the Congress, elected officials, and our friends within the progressive community – the environmental groups, the labor groups, the<|fim_middle|>I want people not to get depressed, and not to become cynical," he says. "This is not Utopian dreaming, we can do these things. We have the resources. It's simply investing where we're not investing. The problems we're facing in this country are, in fact, solvable. | economic groups, social justice, civil liberties, etc." – to pursue an inside-outside strategy, building the agenda and mobilizing support at the grassroots to challenge the corporate wing of the Democratic party.
Sanders has no illusions about the challenges that lie ahead in pushing an agenda that truly represents working and middle class families, and the poor. (It's worth noting hat these class distinctions are increasingly less relevant as the middle class is squeezed.) But he also sees opportunities to meet the greatest challenges that we face.
Sanders cites the waste, fraud and abuse in the $515 billion military budget, and the fact that Democrats are "very timid" in challenging its excesses. For example, the Air Force alone has admitted that it disposes of hundreds of millions of dollars of spare parts annually that it doesn't need. The Department of Defense said it runs on archaic computer systems and "they don't even know where they're spending money. They were honest – they don't know!" As for energy, he sees an analogy to Franklin Delano Roosevelt and the 1941 Congress looking at the war situation and saying, "'Man, we gotta get our act together." There is an opportunity to transform our system, with solar thermal plants – equivalent to small nuclear plants – supplying 15-20% of the electricity needed in the US; use of photovoltaic – which is making great progress in Germany; wind turbines generate 20% of the electricity in Denmark.
And, of course, there is healthcare.
Sanders picks up the booklet comprised of the letters from his constituents. " | 323 |
The Apollo Ie Looks Like An Alien Spaceship Driving At Night
5 years ago - 18 January 2018, motor1
apolloHong Kongsupercars
Close encounters of the exotic kind.
The video above isn't the first time we've seen the Apollo Intensa Emozione (IE for short) on the road. A painfully short video by Motor1.com news editor Sam Burnett caught the IE tearing up the streets of Hong Kong. This new video from Apollo Automobil is three times longer and yet still woefully short of our satisfaction.
There's no denying the IE looks the part of an early alien reconnaissance group set to seek out humanity's<|fim_middle|> back along with adjustable Bilstein dampers.
Footage of the Apollo IE on the road is rare. Only 10 are being built by Apollo with each costing at least £2M / $2.6M. That is a large chunk of change. Everything about the IE is exotic inside and out, and when it's on the road, it looks otherworldly, especially at night.
Gumpert Gears Up For The Race With Apollo R And Enraged7 March 2012
Parking Slot Sold For Rs 4.9m27 November 2012
Ferrari Celebrates At Hong Kong's Asia World Expo2 November 2013
Teslas Pollute More In Hong Kong Than Gas Cars27 April 2016
Lamborghini: "Not The Right Time" For Ev Supercar31 January 2023 | weakness, which just so happens to be exotic hypercars with massive amounts of horsepower and torque. Instead of ordering, "Take me to your leader," the Apollo belches and barks. And it does so loudly thanks to the naturally aspirated 6.3-liter V12 engine that produces 780 horsepower and 560 pound-feet (759 Newton-meters).
A sprint to 62 miles per hour (100 kph) from a standstill takes just 2.7 seconds while top speed is 207 mph (333 kph). The IE weighs 1,250 kilograms (2,756 pounds) with a 45:55 front/rear weight distribution. Gear changes happen through a six-speed Hewland sequential gearbox with a pneumatic change. Sadly, or thankfully, none of those numbers allow the IE to escape the pull of Earth's gravity. This is an alien-looking hypercar we'd like to keep firmly planted on the ground.
The Apollo IE uses carbon fiber extensively, which is found in the monocoque chassis, and front and rear subframe. Stopping power is provided by Brembo ceramic brakes and six-piston calipers. The suspension is an F1-inspired double wishbone setup at both the front and | 271 |
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/2019/05/what-happens-to-brains-in-space-and-more-breakthroughs.html
PHOTO<|fim_middle|>, NASA
MagazineBreakthroughs
What happens to brains in space, and more breakthroughs
Human bodies were built for gravity. We're starting to understand how living without it could mess us up.
This story appears in the May 2019 issue of National Geographic magazine.
Our fleshly forms evolved to work within the tug of gravity. Without it, the clockwork of bodily functions doesn't run smoothly. One recent study in the New England Journal of Medicine raises concern for a particularly vital organ: the brain. By scanning 10 cosmonauts' craniums before and after six months in space, scientists found that their gray matter—responsible for things like muscle control, memory, and sensory perception—became compressed by an increase in the cerebrospinal fluid that cushions it. Returning to Earth helped the gray matter mostly bounce back but seemed to cause shrinkage in white matter, which connects parts of the brain. More study is needed, but the find suggests life among the stars may be hard on Earthlings. —Maya Wei-Haas
Read more about the effects of space travel on the brain.
Photograph By Luisa Dorr
California gold rush–era mining sites hold hidden treasure: rare heirloom fruits and nuts. Scientists hope to learn from the mountain orchards, which have survived drought, diseases, and pests without human help for more than 150 years. "They're growing in an environment that may be more like environments we're going to have in the future … hotter, drier," says Charlie Brummer, director of UC Davis's Plant Breeding Center. —Maryn McKenna
Read more about these mysterious mountain orchards.
Photograph By Mark Stone, University of Washington
Bee Backpacks
Researchers have created sensors small enough for bumblebees to wear and still fly. While the bees buzz around, the devices collect data such as humidity and temperature, which can be used to better understand plant and insect biology—and benefit agriculture. —Douglas Main | GRAPH BY STEVE SWANSON | 7 |
Being selected for the Presidential Award in science is an honor that was possible because of my students' passion for learning and my supportive,<|fim_middle|> education K-12, kindergarten through eighth grade elementary, and teacher of students with emotional disabilities. His special education certification program was completed at The University of Maine and he is completing his individualized M.S.Ed. in leadership and curriculum development at Walden University. | collaborating partners. This award validates my student-directed problem solving projects and curriculum integration. It has inspired me to complete my graduate studies and assume a greater role in advocating for a focus on the process of science and engineering to solve authentic, real world problems.
Bryan Smith Bethlehem, NH | K-6, Science, 2018
Bryan Smith has been teaching for 18 years. For the last eight years, he has taught fourth grade at Bethlehem Elementary School. Bryan taught special education and behavioral support at Lakeway Elementary School in Littleton, NH for three years and taught a behavioral program at Searsmont, ME for seven years. He believes that it is through scientific inquiry and the engineering process that students are best able to build enduring cross curriculum understanding. Bryan is active with the Gulf of Maine Institute promoting stewardship and education. He has collaborated in science fairs and led Destination Imagination teams. As a science content lead in NH's Performance Assessment of Competency Education system, Bryan has collaborated on creating science assessments. He is also a member of the Bethlehem Elementary School's computer science planning committee and science committee, and co-facilitates the afterschool science and tech club. He received his individualized B.S., with honors, from Charter Oak State College in human services. Bryan is certified in special | 269 |
It is a real honour to be able to come and share some of my thoughts and insights about photography as a guest blogger on hähnel's page. Whilst at The Societies of Photographers International Convention in London we had the pleasure and the privilege of testing the yet to be released hähnel Modus Speedlight.
One of the critical balances in photography is the practicality, performance, power and portability of your tools and the hähnel Modus has this in spades. On my daily perambulation to the lifts on the ninth floor I was greeted by the view of a London skyline which, I thought, had a Metropolis feel to it. When I had an opportunity to shoot something a little different my thoughts immediately turned to this location, envisaging a Vogue-esq styled, high impact image. The image had to be done with the minimum of fuss, we were after all obstructing the entrance to the elevators. From this location, the view overlooked countless exquisite city building.
To give you a rough idea of the layout of the space available we had a large window at the end of the short corridor, a small return window and wall to the left and behind as the area narrowed, three elevator doors to our right and the entrance of the main corridor behind. So, speed was of the essence if I didn't want to interrupt other guests… or get caught and this is where the hähnel Modus came into its own, producing the speed and endurance needed to work quickly. Good equipment allows a good photographer the speed and ability to express themselves without complexity and the hähnel Modus proved itself in the "Every Metropolis Needs A Superhero" image.
As speed and manoeuvrability were of the essence a decision to forego putting the speed light or any modifiers on lighting stands was made. Instead, I instructed my assistant "H" (not of Steps fame) to handhold the hähnel Modus speedlight, bouncing the light into the corner return of the wall and ceiling, as shown on the diagram. Pointing the flash<|fim_middle|> an additional light source was needed to illuminate her. Having a small, portable but powerful light like the hähnel Modus enables us to become the picture maker rather than a picture taker. Using the measurement of the natural light the shutter speed was determined, setting it at a speed to allow some of that light into the image. The aperture was determined again from the measurement of the ambient light and we decided on a n aperture that would help beat the shadows and balance the scene and give a little more prominence to the subjecy, our main focal point.With aperture and shutter speed set, at an ISO of 200, I utilised the Vintage Art filter on my Olympus OM-D E-M1 Mk2 to bring the image to life.
So, in short, this image would not have been able to be produced as quickly, easily and as completely without the power and speed of recharge that the hähnel Modus delivers. I always choose the right tool for the job and the hähnel Modus was certainly that this time. | away from the subject and into the wall this way enabled us to turn a small speedlight into a larger, softer light source whilst diminishing the harshness of the direction.
Normally, being able to work quickly with the speed and endurance needed would require a fully-fledged studio strobe but the Hähnel Modus has the required power in spades and, more importantly, it has the power of fast recycling in abundance too. Rather than waiting the agonising four, fix, six seconds which normal speed lights require at full power one shot after another, second after second the hähnel Modus performed consistently and reliably allowing the allowing the pose of our model, the lovely Lilly Von Pink, and the look and feel of the image to develop organically.
The photographic process used was, as our American cousin's call it, pop and burn. At the time of day when we had the opportunity to shoot the light outside was bright. The available light would have rendered Lilly as a silhouette so | 199 |
4:42 pm - Thursday January 18, 8683
Lava Kusha
Sons of Rama and Sita. After Rama sent away sita who was pregnant, to the forest the twin children were born to her in the hermitage of sage Valmiki. Lava and kusha ties the horse of Rama and successfully fought Bharata, Lakshmana and Rama himself. At last are finally reunited with Rama.
Who is there in Bharat who has not heard the names of Sri Rama and Sita? Rama, in order to honor his father's words, gave up his kingship and agreed to live in the forest. Sita, though tender like a flower, followed her husband, like his shadow, to the forest. The couple had to undergoend- less travails throughout their lives. Yet they did not give up the path of righteousness. That is why they remain as ideals to us. The story of Rama and Sita is the 'Ramayana'. It is also called 'Sita Charitra' (the story of Sita).
The poet who first composed the Ramayana is Valmiki. After the Valmiki Ramayana was written, many other versions like the 'Ananda Ramayana, 'Adbhuta Ramayana, Vasishta Ramayana' and 'Sesha Ramayana' also came to be written.
The Valmiki Ramayana ends with the coronation of Rama. The rest of the story, not narrated by Valmiki, is given in Sesha Ramayana. The story of Lava and Kusha, being taken up here, is from the Sesha Ramayana.
Valmiki taught his Ramayana first to his two disciples, Lava and Kusha. They used to sing it very melodiously to the accompaniment of the Veena, a stringed instrument. The surprising thing is that Rama himself heard Lava and Kusha recite it to him, though he did not at the time know that they were his sons, and the two boys also did not know that Rama was their father. How did this coincidence come about?
Sita Goes To The Forest
After killing Ravana, Rama returned to Ayodhya with Sita and Lakshmana. His coronation took place in Ayodhya. Sita became his queen. They were happy for sometime, ruling over the kingdom. But their happiness was short-lived. Sita had after a long time become pregnant. She developed the desire to give some gifts to the wives of sages. She told Rama of her desire. Rama laughed and said, "Sita, was it not enough that you stayed with the wives of the rishis during our sojourn in the forest? Do you wish for the forest-life again?" Sita smilingly replied, "At that time I was also the wife of a forest dweller and was empty-handed. Now I am a queen and can afford to give them generous gifts." Rama agreed saying, "Very good. Let it be so."
That same night a frightful thing happened.
Rama was resting in his room after supper. A spy, whose duty it was to report to the king whatever was happening in the city, came to him. He said, "Of course all subjects praise you. But there is a washer man in this city whose name is Mara. His wife is Mari. She quarreled with her husband and went away to her parents' house. They, however, advised her properly and brought her back to the husband's place. The arrogant and angry washer man snarled, 'I am not Rama to take back a wife who had gone away.' But you should not think too much of it."
Hearing the spy's words, Rama was stunned. Sending him away, Rama was lost in deep worry. He said to himself, 'Alas, Sita! Why did you marry me? You seem fated to have only sorrow. Well, camphor cannot be offered to God without being burnt. Your life is also like that. As a king I have to conduct myself as a model to my citizens. Though a washer mans, Mara is also a subject of my kingdom. Therefore it becomes my duty now to renounce you.'
Rama sat for long in a stupefied state. He sent for all his brothers. By then it was midnight. All of them rushed to him anxiously. Rama narrated to them what the spy had told him and said he would renounce Sita. They did not agree to that. They said, "Brother, that our sister-in-law is virtuous is known to the whole world. She underwent even the fire ordeal in Lanka. She entered the flames and came out unscathed. At that time father Dasharatha came from Heaven and said, 'Sita is a very virtuous lady. Your dynasty will prosper by her.' Is the washer man's word more important than father is? Sita is in advanced pregnancy. However can you think of renouncing her in this condition?"
Rama asked Lakshmana to remain and sent the others back. Then he said, "Brother Lakshmana, you have never opposed whatever I said in the past. Now also don't do so. I know that Sita is pure. It is very painful for me to give her up. But it is my duty as a king to abandon her. Sita has desired to go to the hermitages of rishis. And I have agreed. So that will be the excuse.
Take her with you and leave her on the banks of the river Ganga."
Lakshmana would never go against his elder brother's words. But his mind was not for abandoning Sita, so advanced in pregnancy, in the jungle. "All right," he said to his brother, and departed like a possessed man. By then the night was over and it was dawn.
"Rama's Words Must Be Obeyed"
Lakshmana brought his chariot and stationed it at the door of Sita's palace. Sita had just then got up and was at her prayers. "Why Lakshmana, you have come so early!" she said. Lakshmana in reply asked, "Mother, why did you desire to go to the hermitages?"
Sita did not understand him fully. She felt very happy that her desire was being fulfilled. She thought, 'How much Rama loves me! How good he is! How quickly he fulfills my wishes!' Her joy and elation were boundless. To take with her she made a package of turmeric powder, vermilion, bangles, blouses, sarees and and other auspicious articles to be presented to the wives of sages. Thus Sita and Lakshmana started.
After a while the clariot reached the bank of the Ganga. Beyond the river were the hermitages. Lakshmana stopped his chariot and unyoking the horses, tied them elsewhere. With the help of boatmen both of them crossed the river. Then they began to walk. The Sun's heat was becoming more and more severe. Lakshmana was tired carrying the heavy package Sita had brought. The delicate Sita had to walk on stones and thorns, and her feet bled painfully.
When they were in the middle of the jungle, Lakshmana said, "Mother, I am a sinner, a cheat. I have brought you here to leave you in the forest. It seems some washer man said something bad about you. So Rama has ordered me to abandon you in the jungle. You are the very peesonification of virtue; but I have to perform this wicked deed of leaving you in the wilderness. You must pardon me."
As Sita heard his words, her eyes became dark. As a banana stem laden with fruit falls down to the ground in a storm, Sita collapsed unconscious. Seeing that, Lakshmana's mind was in turmoil. With fearful eyes he lifted his hands to the sky in supplication saying, "God, what suffering have you ordained for Sita who is like my mother! You only must help her." When Sita regained consciousness she said, "My boy Lakshmana, all this is the result of my sins. None else is responsible for this. When the all-merciful Rama renounces me, who else can help? You have only done his bidding. I must also obey Rama's behest. You may now go back. Convey my salutations to everyone in Ayodhya." Still weeping, Lakshmana said, "Mother, I shall return" and went back to Ayodhya.
In Valmiki's Hermitage
Sita was utterly alone in a thick forest. She did not know what she should do now. She sat beneath a tree and wept loudly. All the events of her life came back to her mind. She was born the daughter of King Janaka;
she married an exalted person, Rama, and so entered the palace of Emperor Dasharatha; but what she got as her share was only scandal, sorrow and suffering in a forest. As she thought of all this, she felt a heaviness in the head. She lay down, and got into a deep slumber.
Not far from that part of the forest where Sita lay down was the hermitage of the sage Valmiki. The sage had come to the forest to gather flowers, leaves and twigs of the holy fig tree for his worship. He saw Sita lying there. He was surprised at a lone woman sleeping there and approached her. Just then Sita also woke up.
Seeing a rishi standing so near, she was afraid. Suddenly she sat up. Valmiki asked her, "Mother, who are you? You have the looks of a royal princess. Why are you alone in the forest? Anyway, do<|fim_middle|>pired. She started weeping tearfully, not knowing what would be her son's fate. And this had happened when Valmiki was not in the hermitage! She was in confusion as to what should be done now.
When Lava tied the sacrificial horse to a tree, Kusha was not in the ashram. He had gone out to the forest to bring the holy twigs for worship. When he returned, he saw that Sita was weeping. He asked her, "Mother, why are you weeping? What happened?"
Amidst loud sobs Sita told him all that had happened. Kusha became red with anger. He burst out, "Mother, don't be afraid. Even if it is Yama the God of Death who has taken away my brother, I will break his bones. I do no care for these so-called kings. Give me my shields, bow and arrows." Sita at once put on him his nail-coat and fetched his bow and arrows. Kusha prostrated before his mother. "May you succeed," Sita blessed and bade him farewell.
Kusha chased the army like a whirlwind. Nearing it, he shouted, "Stop! Stop!" The soldiers did not pay heed to his words and were marching on. Kusha became enraged. He shot an arrow. It flew with a hissing sound and pierced the back of a soldier who fell down. At once the whole army stopped and turned to Kusha. The soldiers got ready to fight with this new boy. But in no time Kusha rained his arrows on them. Many soldiers fell victims to his arrows and were aground. Shatrughna turned to him and said, "You are like the young of a deer and do you want to fight with tigers?" Kusha laughed and replied, "You are no tiger but a fox. When I was not there you have stolen my brother and are going away." With these words he shot four arrows which killed the four horses of Shatrughna's chariot. Another arrow brought down the charioteer.
Shatrughna jumped down from his chariot and with great wrath shouted, "You wicked boy, I'll kill you now." But an arrow shot by Kusha pierced Shatrughna's chest. Loudly uttering "Rama! Rama!" he fell down on the ground with a thud.
Seeing Shatrughna collapsing on the ground, all the army-men trembled with tear. They dropped their weapons and stood quietly. A messenger on horseback was sent to Rama. Kusha went near Shatrughna's chariot. Just then Lava also regained consciousness. As soon as he saw Kusha, he shouted, "0, brother!" and jumped from the chariot. They embraced each other. Lava said, "Brother, my bow was broken in the fight. I will now pray to the Sun-God as taught by our preceptor Valmiki and obtain a new bow." Kusha said, "Yes, please do so." Lava closed his eyes and chanted the Surya-mantra, or the hymn to the Sun. Then the Sun favoured him with a new bow. Both Lava and Kusha were overjoyed at this. The two again dragged the sacrificial horse and tied it to a tree.
Lakshmana And Bharat Humbled
The messenger from the warfield went straight to Rama, who was sitting in the pavilion being consecrated to perform the Ashwamedha sacrifice. The soldier told him all that had happened. Rama at first would not believe that Shatrughna had been defeated by a mere boy. But the soldier swore by it. Then Rama became worried as to who that boy could be. He sent his brother Lakshmana with a new army to help Shatrughna. Seeing him, the soldiers on the warfield had renewed courage. The whole army togetherattacked the boys again. But it was unavailing. The arrows of the boys felled many of them.
Looking at the bad shape of his army, Lakshmana himself entered the fray. Kusha left his brother to fight the army and himself faced Lakshmana. A fierce fight ensued between the two. Kusha shot the arrow of fire. But Lakshmana used the arrow of water and extinguished it. Kusha then sent a snake-arrow. Lakshmana destroyed it with an eagle-arrow.
Kusha was now very angry. He shot a very mighty arrow, the use of which Valmiki had taught him. The arrow went straight to Lakshmana and hit him. It hit him so powerfully that Lakshmana tottered and fell down on the ground. By then all the soldiers had also fled from the battlefield, unable to bear Lava's arrows.
The news that Lakshmana too was defeated and was aground reached Rama. Rama was upset. The people around whispered, 'This Rama unjustly sent away his virtuous wife Sita to the forest. This is the result of that sin.' Bharata told Rama: "Brother, don't be sad. I will go and punish those boys and bring back the brothers who have swooned." Hanumanta and Jambavanta also went to the battlefield along with Bharata.
When Hanumanta saw Lava and Kusha standing in the battlefield, he said to Bharata, "Look at those boys. They are so much resemble to Ramachandra." Bharata looked at them and felt it was indeed so. The boys bore a very strong resemblance to Rama. Bharata felt very affectionate towards them. He spoke to Kusha, "My dear boy, who are you? Who is this other boy? You two have killed our whole army. You have also brought down my brothers. Now at least, leave that horse. Why this ill will between you and us? Go to your mother and be happy."
Kusha laughed and said: 'Well,' we belong to the hermitage of Valmiki. I am Kusha and this is my younger brother Lava. I won't leave this horse. You have by yourself come for a fight. We have given a proper reply. We will make you also fall to the ground like your brothers. Only then will we go to our mother." Even as he spoke he shot arrows at Bharata.
In the fight that ensued between the two, Bharata collapsed on the ground unable to face the boy's arrows. The entire army ran away, not being able to withstand Lava's attack. Even Hanumanta and Jambavanta stood far away, where the arrows of the boys would not reach them. Some messengers ran to Rama from the battlefield and gave him the news. He was in turmoil. With no other way left, he himself had to go now to the battlefield.
Rama Also Defeated
Rama came to the battlefield and saw that everywhere soldiers were lying on the ground. And nearby lay his own brothers, unconscious. A little further was the horse, tied to a tree. Near the horse stood two boys, holding bows and arrows. What havoc had been wrought by such a small boys! Rama could not believe his eyes. He gently spoke to the children - "My dear boys, where from are you? Who is your father? And who is your mother? Who taught you archery? But why this wicked obstinacy to tie this horse? And how did you get this might to conquer such a huge army?"
To all these questions, Kusha replied merely: "Great king, you have come to free this horse and take it. If you have that power, well, conquer us and take the horse. Or else go away from here. Why such useless talk?"
But Rama said, "Alas! Should I fight with children like you? I do feel angry when - I look at my brothers lying unconscious. But I just don't have the mind to fix the arrow in my bow. I love very much to know about you. Do please tell me."
Then Kusha told him, "Look, we are the twin sons of Sitadevi. Sage Valmiki has taught us the Vedas and archery. Our study of the Ramayana, taught by him, has given us this strength."
Rama then understood that they were his own sons. At the mention of Sita's name, his agony knew no bounds.
Unable to bear that grief, he swooned in the chariot. Sugreeva who was by his side fanned him and after a while Rama recovered.
When Rama and Sugreeva were talking, Neela was stealthily untying the horse. Seeing that, Kusha aimed an arrow at him. Hit by the arrow, Neela fell to the ground with a thud. Hanumanta, Jambavanta and other heroes surrounded the boys. But they were all laid on the ground by the boy's arrows. This enraged Rama. He showered his arrows on the boys. They were not ordinary arrows. Rama's arrows nad killed great heroes like Ravana and Kumbhakarna. But in front of these boys, even they were ineffective. The arrows shot by Rama were all cut in the middle of their fight by the two boys. But the arrows shot by the youngsters lodged themselves in Rama's body. Rama's horses fell down and his charioteer too. The whole body of Rama was made gory with wounds. In extreme pain Rama lay down in his chariot.
The boys ran to him. They saw the handsome and dignified form of Rama. The string of pearls he was wearing looked so fine. They took it off his neck and tied it in a piece of cloth. They also took away all the precious ornaments worn by Lakshmana, Bharata Shatrughna.
Sita Is Worried
Kusha and Lava were ready to return to their mother. Just then Lava said, "Brother, one or two in this army may be awake. Let us drag them to our mother." Kusha agreed. Hearing this, Hanumanta told Jambavanta, "Look, these boys are going to take us to Sitadevi. That should cause no worry. She will certainly protect us." It happened just like that. Lava heard the two of them talking. He went to them, and tying them up, dragged them with him. With them and with the jewels, Lava and Kusha returned to the hermitage.
Sita was in great anxiety, as the children had not returned for such a long time. The boys who now came back went to her and gave her the bundle of ornaments. The boys made the two, whom they had dragged thither, prostrate at their mother's feet. Sita was stunned to see Hanumanta and Jambavanta! And the ornaments were all of Rama, Lakshmana Bharata and Shatrughna! Her heart seemed to stop. She told her children, "Alas! What have you done! Why do we need these ornaments of kings? These monkey heroes are great beings. Why did you shame them thus? Release them at once."
The two boys could not understand why their mother was pained. They took back Hanumanta and Jambavanta. Sita tearfully lamented, "What now? 0, that all this should have happened just when Valmiki is not here! What should I do now?"
And lo! It was Valmiki who was returning to the ashram. He went straight to Sita. He consoled her saying, "Mother, pray, don't weep. I know all. All that has happened is for the good. I shall set everything right."
The sage Valmiki proceeded to the battlefield with Kusha and Lava. Consecrating with sacred spells the water in the vessel he carried, he sprinkled that water on all the persons lying on the ground. All of them at once got up as if from sleep. All of them prostrated at Valmiki's feet. The sage made Lava and Kusha prostrate before Rama. Then he said, "0 great king, you are very kind-hearted. You always protect those who come to you in need. Please do not be angry. These boys are your own sons. They are born to Sitadevi. They have now committed a big mistake, when I was not in the hermitage. You must pardon them."
Rama asked Lakshmana, "Brother, did you not leave Sita in the forest?"
"Yes, I did. But I don't know what happened later," replied Lakshmana.
Then Valmiki clarified: "While in the jungle, by God's grace she was seen by me. I took her to my hermitage. There she gave birth to these twin children. I taught the Vedas and archery to them."
Valmiki sent Lava and Kusha to the hermitage and had the Veena brought. As asked by their preceptor, the boys sang the Ramayana to the accompaniment of the Veena. Their singing was so sweet, as if the goddess of music was herself there. They recited the Ramayana from the beginning to the end. Rama, his brothers and the retinue listened to it with rapt attention, forgetting themselves. Rama's joy was boundless. He said to Lakshmana, "Brother, in voice and speech, shape and beauty, these boys resemble to Sita." Lakshmana smiled and replied, it Brother, they are surely your sons. Otherwise how could they get such strength as to defeat you? Please accept them."
Rama called the two boys to him. They went to him gladly. Rama drew them near and embraced them. All the people around were happy. Rama told Valmiki, "Sir, I will take these boys with me. I have now accepted Sita back. Please send her to Ayodhya."
Rama started back to return to Ayodhya. Sage Valmiki bade him farewell and returned to his hermitage. The chariot sent by Rama arrived at the hermitage. Valmiki himself accompanied Sita to Ayodhya in that chariot. There Sita and Rama were rejoined in union. They ruled happily as king and queen, with Kusha and Lava.
The whole world sang of the glory of Rama and Sita.
Bahubali
Jijabai
Karna
Savithri
Ekalavya
Vidura
Draupadi
Raja Rammohan Roy
Lakshmana
Dr. Viswesvarayya | not be afraid. I am sage Valmiki. My hermitage is very near, I have come to collect twigs."
Sita had heard of Valmiki and his story. Seeing him now, she regained a little courage. She got up and prostrated before him. She narrated to him her whole story, punctuated by tears. Valmiki was deeply moved. He said, "Don't be afraid, my child. I shall look after you as my own daughter. Come, let us go to my hermitage." Sita followed him to his hermitage.
Valmiki made arrangements for Sita's comfort. A beautiful hut was got ready for her. The wives of sages became her companions. They would help her bathe, comb her hair and set flowers in it. Among the roots and tubers they had collected for food, they selected the best ones and gave them to Sita. Valmiki looked her up every morning and evening and Enquirer about her welfare. Within a few days Sita mingled with the residents of the ashram as one of them.
Bright Sons
Sometime elapsed and on an auspicious day Sita gave birth to twin sons. Ten days after the birth of a child, the naming ceremony has to take pace. Valmiki himself sat as the priest and conducted the ritual. The children were named Kusha and Lava. The twins grew up handsomely day by day like the moon in the bright half of the month.
All the people in the hermitage loved these two charming boys Kusha and Lava. Some one or the other would always be taking up the babies and playing with them. They would laugh if the children laughed. If the children shouted, they too would shout. Especially the sage Valmiki loved them very much. He would play with them; put them on his lap and sing lullabies; lift them up and make them dance. He would even forget that it was getting late for his rites and worship. He wanted that Sita should not feel sad that her children had missed the happiness of the palace. He saw to it that the children grew up in happy environs. This gave great joy to Sita.
Kusha and Lava grew up and played with other boys. After all they were princes. They were very brave. They dragged hither and thither the lion-cup, which was in the hermitage. They would tie the monkey to the cub's tail and clap their hands in joy. They made a kitetn sit on the back of a tiger and made the latter run. If anybody seeing this tried to discipline them. They would run and hide behind sage Valmiki. They made fun of the sages also. Seeing their mischief, Sita would scold them.
Valmiki would make both the children sit on his lap; he would teach them songs of prayer. Hearing the children lisp those prayers in a lovely way, both Valmiki and Sita would feel immensely happy.
When Kusha and Lava were five years old, Valmiki arranged the tonsure ceremony of the kids.
Traditionally, as soon as the tonsure ceremony is over, the teaching of the alphabets starts. Sage Valmiki himself initiated the boys in studies. The two bright boys learnt the alphabets in no time. They also acquired the ability to read and write anything. Valmiki taught them the Shastras, mythology, music, archery and whatever else he knew. The boys became experts in all those branches of knowledge.
Valmiki taught the boys the Ramayana, which he had composed. The boys learnt it by heart and learnt to sing it to the accompaniment of the Veena (a stringed instrument). Ramayana seemed to get a new felicity when they sang it. When they sang the poem the whole hermitage appeared to forget it. Valmiki was very proud of it. Whenever any guests came to the hermitage, he would make the boys sing a part of Ramayana.
Lava and Kusha were now twelve years old. Valmiki performed the sacred-thread ceremony for them, thus giving them the right to learn the Vedas. They learnt the Vedic mantras by heart. Along with that, the training in archery was also continued. The boys became proficient in Vedas and also in archery. The sage, with the mystic power of his tapas, provided them with swords and shields. In the meantime on a certain day Valmiki was called by Varuna, the Sea-God. So the rishi asked Lava and Kusha to look after the hermitage carefully and left for the world of Varuna.
The Ashwamedha Horse
As the children were growing up in the hermitage, Rama in Ayodhya was in unbearable agony, with the memory of Sita haunting him. He always had one worry or the other. He decided to perform the Ashwamedha (Horse) sacrifice.
The Ashwamedha sacrifice was not easy to perform. Only the most powerful of kings could undertake it. Rama was of course very powerful. So he formally got anointed to perform that sacrifice. The pavilion to perform the sacrifice was erected on the bank of the river Ganga. Rama worshipped the sacrificial horse. A medallion made of gold was tied on its forehead. On it was engraved the message: "This is the sacrificial horse of Sri Rama, son of Kausalya. He is the most powerful king on Earth. All those who agree should pay tribute and become his vassals. Otherwise they will tie up this horse, and fight with Rama." The horse was left to go as it liked. Rama appointed his brother Shatrughna t o go with a large army for its protection.
Lava The Hero
The Ashwamedha horse went past many countries. The kings of all those States paid tribute and became Rama's dependants. The horse was now returning to Ayodhya.
On the way it espied Valmiki's hermitage. Seeing the lush green grass there, the horse entered the hermitage. It was trampling upon the flowerbeds there and spoiling the garden. Kusha was not there. Lava happened to be playing there with other boys of the hermitage. He saw the horse. He went near it and saw the golden plaque on its forehead. When he read the inscription, he became very angry. He thought, "is Rama, the son of Kausalya, the' only hero? If I don't humble his pride, what is the use of my being the son of Sita?" With the towel, which was his upper garment, he tied that horse to a tree. He would not listen to the other boys who in fear asked him not to do so.
Meanwhile the soldiers accompanying the horse came there. They became angry that the horse had been tied up. "Who did this?" they asked the boys who were 'there. Trembling with fear, the boys said, "We didn't do that. It was he," pointing at Lava. The soldiers turned to Lava and shouted, "Untie it first." But Lava said, "Why should I untie the horse? I won't. And take care! If any of you tries to untie it, I'll cut off his hands." One of them, thinking that a young boy's words need only to be ignored, went to the horse to untie it. Lava promptly fixed an arrow in his bow and shot it the soldier's hand was cut.
The other soldiers were all very angry at what had happened to one of them. All of them surrounded the boy. But a swarm of flies does not shake a mountain. Lava stood firms and brought on a rain of arrows upon them. Many soldiers were injured and fell to the ground. They were stunned by his courage and heroism.
By then the commander of the army, Shatrughna himself, confronted Lava. He said, "Look, boy, who are you? And why have you tied the king's horse? Well, don't die of my hands. Leave the horse and run."
The words did not frighten Lava. He chanted the Mahesha incantation taught by Valmiki and aimed an arrow. Shatrughna was enraged at the boy's impudence. He also took his bow into his hands. But Lava shot an arrow that broke his bow. Shatrughna was utterly surprised at the boy's bravery. He was also angry. He took another bow and shot a terrible arrow Lava. Lava cut that arrow too. But only one half of the arrow fell down on the ground and the other sharp half-pierced Lava's chest. The boy fell down with a loud cry.
Shatrughna went near the boy prostrate on the ground. He greatly admired the boldness of the boy. He looked at him from near. Seeing the boy's handsome features, he felt drawn to him. He lifted up Lava and lay him down in his chariot. The soldiers freed the horse tied to the tree. All of them started towards Ayodhya, led by the horse.
Chased By Kusha
The young sons of the rishis were all very much afraid at what had happened to Lava. Weeping loudly they ran to the ashram and narrated to Sita all that had trans | 1,973 |
Sirianni Hardwoods produces kiln dried 4/4, <|fim_middle|>. Their location at the junction on routes Interstate 86 and Route 15 provides excellent access for flatbed trucks and containers. They also have a private Norfolk Southern rail siding for boxcar shipments. | 5/4, 6/4, 7/4 and 8/4 Red Oak and White Oak lumber. They also produce Northern Appalachian Ash, Cherry, Hard Maple and Soft Maple lumber. About 80% of their production is FAS/1F. The balance is high grade #1 COMMON.
Customers can be assured that they will receive consistently good lumber, shipment after shipment. All lumber is double end trimmed, and graded after kiln drying by NHLA trained lumber inspectors. Planing (S2S) facilities are available on site. Quality control is key. "We guarantee that our lumber exceeds industry standards in all respects".
Sirianni Hardwoods deals with Manufacturers and Distribution Yards throughout North America and around the world | 151 |
Added 'Quick Play' to the main menu, which queues players directly into their last selected game mode using their last selected Fleet.
Updated all module icons to be more visually distinct and intuitive.
Rotating around your ship in the hangar now temporarily hides the UI.
Global Change: Standardized the duration of the Drain status effect, which stops energy from regenerating on the target, to 10 seconds across all Drain modules. This change is independent of any changes to the actual energy removal of any given module.
Drain Drone (Tactical Cruiser): The energy drained by the drone has increased from 4.2/second to 6.5/second at tier 4, and from 9.8/second to 14/second at tier 5.
Drain Missile (Artillery Cruiser): Reduced energy reduction per missile by 15 at tier 2, and by 10 at tiers 3 and 4. The resulting total energy drained should be 35 at tier 2, 60 at tier 3, 8<|fim_middle|> 4, and from 12s to 8s at tier 5.
Rapid Fire: The module will no longer hold the user in place at tiers 4 and 5, and will remove the user's energy at every tier. In addition, the effects have been standardized across all of its tiers.
Resolved an issue where players were unable to equip modules from previous tiers on their current tier of ship.
Ships that were not used in Proving Grounds but were in your Fleet should now generate XP rewards.
- As a by-product of our fixes to the reported crashing and blue-screen bugs, the quality of Dreadnought's graphical fidelity may be affected and reduced. We will be resolving in a future update soon.
- The "QuickPlay" button may sometimes disappear if a player 'resets all settings.' Relaunching resolves this.
- Rapid Fire module sometimes holds user in place. This should be fixed in a future patch.
- When navigating loadout modules players may get "stuck" and unable to select a module. Backing out of the menu and returning to it resolves this. | 0 at tier 4, and remains 125 at tier 5.
Drain Pulse (Destroyer): Reduced energy reduction from 100 to 65 at tier 4 and from 125 to 85 at tier 5.
Drain Torpedo (Corvette): Reduced energy drained from 65 to 45 at tier 2, from 80 to 55 at tier 3, from 100 to 70 at tier 4, and from 125 to 85 at tier 5.
Drain Torpedo (Destroyer): Slightly increased the cooldown and a significantly increased the damage of this module across all ability tiers. The Drain component should also be equal to the Corvette version of the ability, with energy drained reduced from 65 to 45 at tier 2, from 80 to 55 at tier 3, from 100 to 70 at tier 4, and from 125 to 85 at tier 5.
Energy Generator (Destroyer and Tactical Cruiser): Normalized the total amount of energy granted by this module. The module now provides about 14 energy per second at all tiers, and the duration and cooldown of the two versions have been standardized.
Nuclear Missile (Dreadnought): The effect radius and damage of this module have been increased.
Offensive Lockdown (Dreadnought): This module's functionality has been standardized across all tiers. The module now increases rate of fire by 30%, reduced reload time by 50%, and increases damage per shot by 20% for 10 seconds at every tier, with cooldowns that vary by tier.
Storm Missiles (Destroyer): Reduced the missile count from 16 to 12 at tier 4 and from 32 to 24 at tier 5.
Triad Pods (Dreadnought): The damage output and the duration of the pods spawned by this module have been increased substantially.
Stasis Pulse (Artillery Cruiser and Dreadnought): Increased pulse radius from 1200 to 1600, decreased Stasis duration from 10s to 6s at tier | 467 |
Your website is a reflection of who you are, or what you want your business to be. Don't settle for anything less when it comes to designing, maintaining, and promoting your website. We understand the problems that many small businesses face. We can create a professional looking site at an affordable price.
The key to success is to keep your message in front of the right people. We can provide powerful email marketing solutions to help you generate targeted prospect lists, publish newsletters, and efficiently communicate with your core customers.
A well written press release can help your business or organization grow thru the power of search engines, blogs, and websites in a short amount of time. Exciting news in a professionally crafted release will help you attract new business, as well as engage and retain existing customers..
If you're not<|fim_middle|> it's the reasons why they watch it. When you post an online marketing video, you've got a great chance of engaging with customers looking for your goods or services. Your marketing video is a great way to get your elevator pitch in front of hungry buyers. | using video marketing, you're missing out on a huge market opportunity. It's not just the number of people who are watching videos that's important – | 30 |
<|fim_middle|> any questions.
Full page=10.5" wide x 12.5" long.
Photos sent to us for editorial or advertising will not be returned.
A discount is available for the same ad running more than once, please call for more information.
Color is available on a limited basis, please call ahead to reserve.
Always call (715) 524-3076 to confirm that we have received your ad & photos. | Deadline is Monday at 12:00 (Noon) for paper mailed on that same Wednesday.
*Classified Ads - $10.00 for first 20 words, 25¢ each additional word per run.
Our paper is mailed out every Wednesday afternoon through the US post office, as second class periodicals. We mail every week, except for 2 weeks around the Christmas and New Year holidays, when our office is closed.
Ad deadline is every Monday at Noon. If you have photos, we would like them by the prior Friday. We prefer photos to be emailed to us as a .jpg just as they come off your digital camera. There is no need to resize the photos. If you can send the photos as a zip (compressed) file they are faster to send. Call for more information on sending zip files.
Late ads will be accepted IF space and time permit. Ad deadlines may be adjusted due to holidays, advance notice will be included in prior issues of the paper. Please call if you have any questions.
Ad copy will not be accepted over the telephone, (it must be typed). we can not be responsible for errors in ad copy that is hand written. The publisher reserves the right to edit or refuse any advertising deemed unsuitable for publication. Ads must be received by copy deadline through mail, express delivery, fax or email. When emailing ads we prefer to have it sent as a text document or copy and pasted into an email. Please keep in mind that when copying and pasting, sometimes the bolding, italics, underlines, etc. are lost. If you would like us to know your exact layout preferences, please also fax us a copy so that we can duplicate your layout.
Advertisers are encouraged to include their web site information in their ad, however, commercial web sites will not be published.
Ads can be sent to us in the .pdf format if they conform to our guidelines. They must follow our column width guidelines. Photos and spot color MUST be done in CMYK color or black & white. NO RGB ads will be accepted. Please send the .pdf to us as early as possible so we can confirm it meets our printing specifications. Please call with | 453 |
In family history research, when and where your ancestors lived say just as much about them as their name. Understanding not just the geography but also the community your ancestors were a part of provides crucial insight into what their lives were like, as well as the types of records you should be looking for. Layer in historical events, commerce, and culture, and suddenly their stories come to life.
The story of her 5th great-grandfather Nicolas Janis shows how strong the connection between people and the land they worked and lived on can be. While Nicolas and the four generations that followed him all lived approximately within a 50-mile radius, tracing him and his family took some care. That small area in what is now Middle America has been claimed by four countries, three states, and been the cause of several international conflicts. Couple that volatile and varied local history with Janis clan who kept moving back and forth across the Mississippi River, and there was only one thing to do: create a timeline.
Timelines are a genealogist's best friend! While we worked from the known to the unknown, we placed each new record we found onto a timeline of Nicolas's life. A careful study of local history books, American history timelines, and contemporary maps helped us track the movement of the family and the area itself.
Knowing whether the Mississippi Valley was owned by New France, Great Britain, America, or Spain was crucial in knowing where to look for records. Tracing both civil and church boundaries was key to locating family records in local repositories.
The result is the captivating story of a pioneering Frenchman who left Quebec to find his fortune in less-travelled areas of New France. In the midst of building a successful business, he found his family right in the middle of a heated land grab between Britain, France, Spain, and the American colonies that spanned almost 50 years.
In the midst of those iconic history lessons were everyday people like Janis, who lived and breathed the daily realities of several wars. One of the true powers of family history is how learning your ancestor's stories<|fim_middle|> timeline together.
Learn more about Melissa's journey or watch episode recaps from previous seasons on TLC.com. | can bring the past to life in an intimate and relevant way today. Using timelines to layer in historical context is a great way to do just that.
Use maps! In looking at census records or search results for any project, we always check the state map with county boundaries to track the family's movement over time. Knowing if a county is just next door or across the state can help you quickly hone in on duplicates. In the case of the Janis family, knowing Randolph County, Illinois, and St. Genevieve County, Missouri, are neighbors was the first step in linking the family to Kaskaskia, Illinois.
Annotate your timeline. Our timeline for Nicolas included document transcriptions and translations, in addition to explanations for boundary changes; for example, "British took control of Kaskaskia in 1766 as the result of the French and Indian Wars" appeared next to a land transaction during that time.
Check out the Ancestry Card Catalog. Ancestry has several digitized local histories for Kaskaskia that we used. Using local histories with the Maps, Atlases, and Gazetteers collection can quickly bring your | 235 |
Dino<|fim_middle|> hours ago
Liam Hemsworth Height, Age, Weight, Body Measurements 4 min read
Ronney 2 weeks ago
Making the most of speaking at a business event 1 min read
Dinosys5097 2 weeks ago
Making use of your garage. 2 min read | System
Marketing Evolution
Ronney 8 months ago 2 min read
In order to understand what Marketing Evolution is, we must first be clear about what it means. So if the terms are broken down, the first word to define is "evolution"; and it is that evolution, can be defined as a series of changes that gradually happen in a subject, situation, animal, among others.
Now, what is marketing? It can be specified as the grouping of techniques, based on the identification of the requirements or needs of a certain audience; having as a purpose, to satisfy said needs in order to achieve the motivation of the commercialization of products or services.
The beginning of the Marketing Evolution
It all started with Johannes Gutenberg in 1450, who would invent the printing press; which would open the way to mass communication through text printing. From here magazines are created around the 1740s.
In 1906, Reginald Aubrey Fessenden made the first radio transmission on Christmas Eve. By 1933, most households had a radio. The Bulova watch brand in 1941 made the first commercial on television in the United States, and in 1954 the demand for television advertising increases and radio advertising falls.
Telemarketing was born in 1881 through a pastry chef of Berlin origin, who called his clients to offer them cakes; which, increased 50% of its sales. In 1962, the Ford automobile company carried out the first telemarketing campaign; where 23,000,000 telemarketers worked that would increase sales.
In 1984, the Apple company released the Macintosh, better known as Mac. The announcement of this was priced at $ 900,000 and almost 50% of Americans had one in their homes. Although this had no great effect on the printing press or on television; It is for the years 1990 – 1994 when great developments in 2G technology are known.
The arrival of the Internet
The first search engines emerged in 1995 from Yahoo! and AltaVista. A few years later, in 1998, Google and MSN appeared with their respective search engines. At the same time, blogging pioneers: Brad Fitzpatrick, Meg Hourihan, and Evan Williams define what blogging is.
Since 2003 in the United States, anti-spam law has been created. In 2004, the first social networks emerged: Linkedln, MySpace, and Facebook; From the following year, Google develops more personalized searches through user histories. For 2006, the social network Twitter was launched and in the same year, the Amazon company exceeded its sales goals.
Digital marketing was born around the year 1994. In 2010, Economist Philip Kotler pointed out that marketing should absorb recent technologies; in order to reach more consumers under the application strategy. Also in 2015, the YouTube page takes the flag in the audio and visual media.
Unquestionably, the Evolution of Marketing has made great leaps. Since its birth and over the years, new ways of attracting new customers have been discovered; and of course, knowing how to maintain them. However, it is very important to note that as time passes, the advertisements will be more ingenious.
You may also like to read- http://www.hostingcultura.com/
Previous: Which companies use work shift programs?
Next: Top 5 Hootsuite alternatives
What is a transfer of equity? 1 min read
What is a transfer of equity?
Dinosys5097 2 months ago
Top 5 Hootsuite alternatives 5 min read
Top 5 Hootsuite alternatives
Ronney 7 months ago
Which companies use work shift programs? 3 min read
Which companies use work shift programs?
Dinosys5097 1 year ago
What is the jam jar approach to money management? 2 min read
What is the jam jar approach to money management?
Top Blogging Trends to Look for 2 min read
Top Blogging Trends to Look for
You don't have to be afraid of making mistakes 4 min read
You don't have to be afraid of making mistakes
Liam Hemsworth Height, Age, Weight, Body Measurements
Making the most of speaking at a business event
Making use of your garage.
Miley Cyrus Height, Weight, Body Measurements
WHAT DO SNAILS EAT? 2 min read
Ronney 18 | 970 |
info@travelopersia.com
Shah Mosque
Nov 7, 2020 0 comment
Shah Mosque is in the historic heart of the city of Isfahan. This blue-tiled mosque is one of the main pillars of Isfahan's 400 year old square. This square is the world famous and UNESCO recognized Naqsh-e Jahan Square. On each four corners of Naqsh-e Jahan Square, there is a masterpiece of architecture. Each of these monuments used to be a center of something during the reign of Safavids in Iran. Below, we will get into the details of the Shah Mosque, the main pillar of religion in Naqsh-e Jahan Square. To fit the grandeur of the third largest square in the world, this mosque was architected in the most stunning way. The Shah Mosque is also known as Imam Mosque, Jame Abbasi Mosque, Sultani Mosque and Royal Mosque.
Iran Mosques and the significance of Shah Mosque
Throughout the history of Islamic art, we can see a set of elements in the construction of mosques. Accordingly, this Mosque is one of the most completed and elaborated examples of Islamic architecture. Many masters of Islamic architecture had a part in the designs and construction of this mosque. That is why, Shah Mosque was the source of inspiration for many other mosques. As an example, the double-shell dome of Shah Mosque is one of its world famous features. This type of double shell-dome architecture also appeared in Santa Maria Del Fiore in Florence and Soltanieh Dome. In summary, every corner of this mosque has its own significance. Below we will get into the points of interest, history, and architecture of this mosque. We will also talk about the best time to visit to enjoy its eye-catching turquois and blue tilework and designs.
Facts & History
Around 400 years ago, the great ruler of Safavid Dynasty, Shah Abbas, ordered the construction of Shah Mosque. This was due to the reason that he had just declared Isfahan as his capital. He accordingly wanted to make changes to Isfahan as his new capital. He also wanted to stablish a new center of commerce and government in Isfahan. For this, he wanted to build a vast square called Naqsh-e Jahan. In addition to Naqsh-e Jahan Square, he ordered the construction of Shah Mosque as the religious center of Safavid Dynasty.
Shah Mosque Today
According to several historians, Shah Mosque or the Jame Abbasi Mosque was completed after almost 18 years. Shah Abbas the Great himself died before ever seeing the completed masterpiece. Today, this mosque has stayed untouched (with a few renovations in the following eras). In the heart of its blue and turquoise tilework, there are many hidden genius designs and architecture. Below, we will be walking through different parts and architectural highlights of Shah Mosque.
Points & Architectural highlights
There are several architectural highlights that make Shah Mosque different from other Iran Mosques. Vakil Mosque in Shiraz and Jameh Mosque of Yazd are the two other famous Jameh Mosques in Iran. Thousands of tourists come to Iran to visit every single one of these mosques. Notably, these mosques share the same purpose which is being the new mosques for a new capital or reign. Yet, each of them represent a different kind of school of art during a certain era. Now, Let us start our walk through different parts and highlights of Shah Mosque.
What to expect before entering Shah Mosque
While visiting Shah Mosque, there are certain elements that will catch your interest. Some of these main elements are:
The special ''Haft Rang Tiling'':
A special type of tiling which translates as Seven Color Tiling, covers almost every part of the mosque. For a vast mosque like the Shah Mosque, this kind of tiling was the most convenient one. The colors of blue and turquoise stand out the most in the designs of the tiles. That is why, Blue Mosque is another famous name of Shah Mosque.
The Spiritual meanings behind the patterns and colors:
The blue color that we mentioned earlier somehow represent the sky. The floral patterns, according to some researches, symbolize the heaven that is described in Quran. The symmetry and unity of patterns on the other hand indicate concepts such as oneness of God and also humanity.
The inscriptions and calligraphies around the mosque:
These inscriptions range from Quranic verses to the words of the king himself. The masterful calligraphies are the works of the famous Alireza Abbasi and his followers Abdolbaqi Tabrizi and Mohammad Reza Emami.
The main gate that faces Naqsh-e Jahan Square
The elegant and high gate of Shah Mosque stands out in Naqsh-e Jahan Square. You have to raise your head to the sky to grasp the whole beauty of this gate. Aside from the tilework and calligraphies, on the top of the gate you can see some Muqarnas Work. Muqarnas is a significant type of Islamic Architecture for the vaults. Due to its shape it is sometimes called stalactite and honeycomb vaulting. Two minarets with 42 meters of height rise from this gate. This main gate is the only part of the mosque that does not have Seven Color tiling. Instead, you can see a more elaborate kind of tiling called Moqelli tilework.
The Genius behind the Gate of Shah Mosque
There is a general rule for constructing any mosque. The rule is that every mosque should face the direction of the Kaaba (the sacred mosque in Mecca). As we mentioned earlier, Shah Mosque is a part of the Naqsh-e Jahan Square. For keeping the proportions of the square, the main gate of Shah Mosque was not in the direction of Kaaba. Instead, the architect designed an angled gate behind the main gate. Through the hallway of this gate, the visitors, without noticing, are turning 45 degrees. In this way, the rest of the mosque and the visitors are facing the Kaaba. Sheikh Lotfollah, the famous mathematician of the era was the person who did the calculations for this genius plan.
Behind the gate to the Courtyard
After entering the mosque through silver doors, you have to pass the angled hallway to face the Kaaba. The first thing that you will see in the hallway is a big stone bowl. This special kind of bowl is '' Sangab''. These stone bowls, filled with water, would have provided drinking water for the visitors. Some might argue that the water was for washing the hands and the face before prayer. There are 6 more of these Sangab around the mosque.
The Four-iwan Courtyard of Shah Mosque
After passing through the dim hallway, you will reach the courtyard of Shah Mosque. In the middle of the mosque, there is pool that perfectly matches the plan of the courtyard. Notably, Shah Mosque has a Four-iwan Plan. This means that there are four portals around the mosque. These portals each have a special elaborated pattern. But, as a whole, they perfectly represent unity.
The four iwans of the Shah Mosque are:
The iwan that is connected to the main gate
The Main iwan with 33 meters of height that leads to the main dome (vault) of Shah Mosque. Two Minarets with 48 meter of height rise from the sides of this iwan.
The western iwan which leads to the Naseri School (attributed to Nasser al-Din Shah Qajar for some reformations)
The eastern iwan which leads to the Sulaimaniyah School (attributed to Shah Suleiman the Safavid)
The famous double-shell dome of Shah Mosque
The most masterful part of the Mosque is the main vault. This vault is crowned with a dome with 52 meters of height. This azure onion dome and its tall minarets are visible from anywhere in the Naqsh-e Jahan Square. The most notable thing about this dome is its double-shell feature. On the inside, there is 16 meters of space between the inner dome and the outer dome. This design gives the dome a better strength. Also, below this dome, for its architecture, your voice echoes perfectly.
The Prayer Halls of Shah Mosque (Shabestans)
On the eastern and western sides of the main Vault, there are two prayer halls. The eastern prayer hall is bigger with a simpler design. However, the western prayer hall is richer in tilework. There is also a 14-step Menbar (pulpit) made of marble there. It is worth mentioning that in Iranian architecture, different parts are for different seasons<|fim_middle|> on the southern part of Naqsh-e Jahan Square. The best way to get to Shah Mosque is by getting on the subway. You can get off at Imam Hossein Station and walk to Naqsh-e Jahan Square. Taxi and Online Taxi Apps are also available in Isfahan.
Attractions near Shah Mosque
Shah Mosque is in the historic heart of Isfahan. That said, you can visit many other significant attractions in Isfahan which are nearby. Shah Mosque, as mentioned before, is a part of the Naqsh-e Jahan Square complex. Sheikh-Lotfollah Mosque, Qeysarieh Bazaar, and Ali Qapu Palace are the other important monuments of this complex.
You can also visit the attractions below:
The UNESCO site of Chehel Sotun Palace and Garden
Hakim Mosque
Hasht Behesht Palace
Chahar Bagh Street
Sio-se-Pol Bridge
Aside from the historical attractions, Isfahan has much more to offer. Accordingly, Isfahan is the center of Handicraft in Iran as it became the World Craft city in 2015. You can explore many handicraft stores and even workshops in Qeysarieh Bazaar. Also, make sure you try the local Food & Signature Dishes of Isfahan before leaving this historic city. For more information, you can check out our blog's post about Isfahan, its points of interest & things to do.
Motahare Malimipour
Fire Temple
Golestan Palace
Ali Qapu
Yalda Night
Tehran Office:
No. 123, Kaj Abadi St, Nelson Mandela Blvd, Tehran, Iran
Bangkok Office
60 Chokchai 4 Soi 20, Lat Phrao District, Bangkok 10230, Thailand
Copyright © 2021 by Travelopersia | . In this way, every corner of a building serves a purpose. That said, each of the theology schools, and the prayer halls were for a specific season.
Other unique parts of Shah Mosque
The Triangle stone in Sulaimaniyah School. Sheikh Baha'i, the master architect of the Safavid era, designed this piece of stone. With this stone, they could have calculated the time of prayer.
The ancient watering system of Shah Mosque.
When and where can I visit?
Shah Mosque is open from 9 AM to 12:30 PM and also from 2 PM to 5 PM. keep in mind that during the second half of the year (autumn and winter) the Mosque is open:
From 9 AM to 11:30 AM
From 1 PM to 4:30 PM
Shah mosque closes during special Islamic holidays.
The Location of Shah Mosque
As for the location of Shah Mosque, it is | 198 |
The last Around Hemyock article began with congratulating the Culm Valley Young Farmers' Club on some recent successes and it is good to do that again as they have recently celebrated their 60th anniversary sale and show held at Ex<|fim_middle|> Station Rd and Culmstock Rd is a great improvement and it's good to see people power won the battle of the kissing gate! The local litter pickers do a great job of keeping this and the rest of the village clean and tidy.
A number of villagers will have kept in contact by email with Anna Bimson during her time in India - it is good to see her back in the village.
By the time this is printed we shall have once again had the opportunity to entertain our French Twinners. Rock the Boat youngsters will be getting ready to spend a activity weekend at Huish Woods and our Scouts will be busy preparing for their visit to Denmark on 21st July - we wish them a safe journey. Our thanks must go to the leaders of the village youth groups who organise trips such as this as well as all the time they volunteer to make weekly meetings so enjoyable.
To celebrate the Centenary Year of Scouting and to remember the twinning link with Denmark it is good to hear that a special parade service is being held at St Mary's church on Sunday 15th July at 11.15am which hopefully will see many past Scouts, Cubs, Guides and Brownies joining present day members.
We send our thoughts also to the family of Ken Hole who has recently passed away.
And finally - congratulations to Parish Pump editor Hilary and husband Matt on their sponsored cycle ride of over 70 miles raising over £1000 in aid of The Bristol Haemotology and Oncology Transplant Unit at the Bristol Royal Hospital for Children. | eter Market which I believe was featured on a local television news programme. We also send them condolences on the death of past member Eleanor Dlugosz who was killed so tragically in Iraq. Our thoughts are also with others who have lost a loved one in recent weeks including Sandy and Tim Hannaford on the death of Sandy's mother.
Best wishes are sent to all those who are unwell or recovering from illness or operations - David Palmer, Marion Hutchings and Arthur Fuller being mentioned by name, as well as all of our past parishioners who now reside in Care Homes.
The widened footpath between | 123 |
Press Release: Team Bonningtons Conquers the Alps
L'Etape du Tour is an annual mass participation event in which amateur cyclists gather from around the world to take on a stage of the Tour de France. 2017 marks the 27th edition of L'Etape, and on Sunday 16th July, over 12,000 lucky riders came together from 72 countries to take on stage 18 of the Tour.
Not one to turn down a challenge, accomplished Triathlete and Managing Director, Ian Fisher, took a team of four to represent Bonningtons on the mountain stage. The team, sporting company branded Lycra, was made up of<|fim_middle|> it was the most punishing I have ever done in my life," said Ian afterwards. "The scenery was absolutely stunning, which made the pain more bearable. Approaching the summit finish is a moment I will never forget. Many riders didn't make it to the top, but after 110 miles of bike racing with a total of 3 climbs, even reaching the foot of the summit finish was a great achievement in itself!".
Following the success of the mountain stage, Ian has decided to put together an official Bonnington Cycling Team. The family run company has an inclusive culture and actively encourages employees to adopt a healthy lifestyle. An onsite gym is available, free of charge to all employees, and staff regularly participate in fitness challenges such as mud runs and extreme obstacle races. The Bonningtons Cycling Team's first challenge will be a 50-mile bike ride in the UK in September 2017. | Ian Fisher, Ben Simmons of BSCC Ltd, Will Newbury of 9 Endurance Coaching and Andrew McQueen of All 4 Design.
The route covers 181 gruelling kilometres through the Hautes-Alpes, beginning in Briançon and ending at Col d'Izoard - the highest summit finish in the history of the event.
"As bike rides go, I have to say, | 82 |
In 2009 I started studying Multimediaart at the University of Applied Sciences in Salzburg, Austria, focussed on 3D Animation. These are some examples of different projects I worked on between the years 2009 and 2011.
Les fleurs du mal (The Flowers of<|fim_middle|> fellow Jasmin Hagleitner, and is all made of paper. The character CC and TV are protagonists of the movie that deals with surveillance in an ironic way.
The final drawings are some examples of my personal artworks, especially drawn with charcoal. | Evil): Charles Baudelaire´s poems deal with the apocalypse and humanity being responsible for it. In my interpretation there is a surreal human flower which is able to bite herself off.
Forked out! The Adventures of Rat Spencer and Terence Mouse: This classical animation short movie for the whole family was created in a group of five students (Bader Ramona, Hagleitner Jasmin, Hölzl Oliver, Kempf Thomas and me). I was responsible for character concepts, texturing, animation and matte painting.
Still Life: In this project our task was to experiment with different kind of shaders, to get the feeling for the material. The picture in the background is one of series of personal artworks which I created in a classic way: oil on canvas.
Nonthaland: In this animation our task was to test fluids and cloth, so my aim was to create a frisky environment that is reduced and sugary.
A Fellow to Follow: This stop motion movie is a collaboration with my | 204 |
A brief tour of ZLW Wellington Radio as we knew it and as it is now. This is the work of three technicians, who worked at the station in the late 1950s and early 1960s, an ex Telecom electrician and a daughter of one of the technicians.
The pictures above, starting from the left hand side: opening day in 1912; the transmitter building in 1912; the transmitter building taken in November 2006 and looking down at the Receiving Office taken in 1943.
The bottom row of pictures, starting from the left hand side: a Canadian Marconi radio receiver model CSR5; an aerial photograph of the transmitter building in 2006; a view of Wellington city from ZLW and looking up the access road one corner before reaching the transmitter building, the photograph taken in November 2006.
The technicians are Brian Gallagher ZL2ADY, Warwick Purser VK4NN (was ZL2AMK) and Jamie Pye ZL2NN.
The ex Telecom electrician is Jim Pye ZL2PU, son of Jamie Pye.
Elsa Kelly is daughter of Jamie Pye, who with assistance of her daughter Hannah, took all the 2006 pictures.
Please, let us know of additional information resources. Use this Contact us at e-mail link, replacing the words with the appropriate symbol and full stops.
While doing research for my greater family tree, my daughter came across a Picture of me, Jamie Pye ZL2NN, taken in about 1960. This picture is shown as Picture 1. This picture was taken at Wellington Radio, ZLW, located on Tinakori Hill above Wellington City.
ZLW or Wellington Radio was part of a chain of coastal radio stations that existed from 1912 to 1996 in New Zealand. The chain of stations started with ZLD Auckland, ZLW Wellington Radio and finishing with ZLB Awarua Radio near Invercargill. The main purpose of these stations was ship to shore communications with messages from emergency to radio telephone conversations. Large ocean liners used Morse code transmissions using medium frequencies while small ships, like a four metre long runabout, used high frequencies for the transmission and reception of radio messages. Coast stations were not restricted to maritime radio services and did radio communications for Pacific Islands and radio links to other countries, mainly Australia, Britain and the United States.
The coastal radio stations were operated by the New Zealand Post Office and owned by the New Zealand Government.
About the same time as this picture was uncovered, I renewed my relationship with a previous worker at ZLW, Brian Gallagher ZL2ADY. Over the years I had kept in touch with Warwick Purser, VK4NN, who also worked with me at ZLW. Warwick is now residing on the Gold Coast in VK4. We got our thoughts together and produced a plan of the Transmitter Hall, the Receiving Office and a map of grounds ZLW, these are accessed as separate items from the main menu. My son Jim, ZL2PU, helped with the 1960s map as he was employed in the 1980's as an Electrician for Telecom and did some work at ZLW.
Our job at ZLW was to keep the station working, both at the transmitting and receiving stations. We were employed as radio technicians, having a knowledge of how radio transmitters and receivers worked and how to get them going should they fail to operate. Another function was to operate the transmitter station. This involved changing antennas, changing the frequencies of the radio transmitters and recording all events in a written log book.
Giving some thought to Picture 1 and doing some research I found I was standing in front of the sideband exciter unit for a Standard Radio (STC) transmitter model DS12. The sideband exciter unit made the DS12 transmitter into a two–channel telephone transmitter using the upper and lower sideband respectively. All done by analogue methods, requiring a lot of careful alignment and care, as digital was just on the horizon in the early 1960's.
The DS12 transmitter is on my right hand side in Picture 1. The main use I can remember of the DS12 transmitter was for telephone calls to cruise ships around the South Pacific, particularly during Christmas. I only remember using the two–channels to transmit telephone calls once during a particular busy Christmas period.
What was used at the receiving end to sort out the voice channels I never found out?
I realise now that the use of ZLW was decreasing and the closure of the station was not far away as we were very busy when I started at ZLW in 1958–59 but the work had slowed down considerably when I left in 1961.
The antenna used at ZLW for the higher HF band was a bit suspect and had high standing waves. We got a lot of radio frequency energy back and the whole transmitter cabinet became radio frequency alive, when it was tuned above 16 MHz. Unlike an electric shock, radio frequency energy heats body parts when contact is made with a radio frequency source. To tune the transmitter you had to use metal parts that became hot to touch. A most uncomfortable feeling. I do remember using towels to insulate my hands from the tuning controls during a tune–up on an 18–MHz frequency. Thank goodness the transmitter was not used often on frequencies above 16 MHz.
Power Output of The DS12 Transmitter: Jamie Pye was told that the power output of the DS12 transmitter was 10 kW. Since doing this article and reading the specifications for the final amplifying valve, the 5J–180E, the power output value was reduced to 1 kW. A value of 5 kW has also been suggested. This value seem to be reasonable considering the physical size of transmitter.
The<|fim_middle|> so the diesel was powering the whole adjacent suburb. A rapid withdrawal of the offending switch fixed that problem and the Diesel was noticeably relieved.
The diesel was a 100hp Caterpillar mounted on skids. It was a pig of a thing and many times would refuse to start. Mounted on the side was a small two cylinder petrol motor, which was started by an electric starter. The exhaust was used to preheat the diesel. After allowing sufficient time for pre–heat, a dog clutch was thrown in and the motor would turn over. Problem was that every so often the clutch would be stripped before the diesel would fire. Not very good when you were relying on the thing for standby. It never was designed for standby use, unlike the new Dorman diesel that was installed at Makara while I was there. It was all electrically heated and could be started and on line in 40 seconds. Sheer luxury after the ZLW diesel.
Below is a representation of changing the radio station from mains power to standby power using . The slider was installed after the incident of feeding power back down the mains using the ZLW standby motor generator. If you look at the first picture below where the station is on mains power, you will see that the standby switch is blocked from being turned on by the safety slider. To move the safety slider both the standby and main switches need to be in the off, or up position, as shown in the top right hand picture below.
Picture 12: To change the station to ST'BY power after the standby generator has been started. First the MAINS power switch is turned to off. This allows the blue slider to be moved to the left using the orange handle. | other interesting part of the DS12 transmitter I remember, was the final valve used. This was an external anode type with a type number of 5J–180E. It was air cooled by forced air being pumped through the fins of the external anode. The valve sat in what looked like a lavatory pan. Figure 2 shows the 5J–180E tube or valve.
You can buy one now for around $US200 in 2006.
About the time I resigned from ZLW and the Post Office in 1961, the ZLW DS12 transmitter was to be shifted to the then Post Office transmitting station at Himitangi.
In 2004 I met socially a committee member of the Foxton Museum MAV Tech Audio Visual Museum and Theatre. The committee member told me all about the new "old" transmitter that they were getting from Himitangi Radio. Was this the DS12 transmitter ex ZLW? A discussion took place and it was revealed that this was the same transmitter. Joy, I was able to ask him to take some photos for me. Picture 3 is the photo taken by him of the DS12 transmitter with the step ladder resting on it and to the right is the sideband exciter unit my picture was taken with, that many years ago.
Picture 4 compares the relevant parts of Picture 1 and Picture 3. This shows that the unit in the Foxton Museum closely resembles the one taken in the 1960s with Jamie Pye standing in front. Jamie Pye knows that the pictures shows the same unit.
If you now look at Transmitter Hall Layout Around 1960 you will see at the bottom of Picture 1 ZLW Wellington Radio Transmitter Hall 1960s a red circle with an arrow. This is where Jamie was standing and the direction he was looking in, when the photograph was taken.
The BLUE circle on the same Picture 1 is where the photographer was standing when the photograph in Picture 5 below was taken.
Referring back to Picture 1 again, if I turned around, I would have the sideband exciter unit at my back and see a scene like what is shown in Picture 5, that is, the Transmitter Hall of ZLW.
We have not been able to identify the person sitting at the table in Picture 5.
RCA type 351: This amplitude–modulated transmitter had parallel 813s as the final RF amplifying valves and beautifully made rotatable inductors as part of the tuning system. It had an internal amplitude modulator. The RCA transmitter was a very well made World War II navy type.
At ZLW this transmitter was used for the weather stations at Raoul and Campbell Islands, to communicate every three hours with the Meteorological Office in Wellington, with weather reports.
There is one thing I remember about these transmitters, is the time after a regular maintenance, I walked near one of them and noticed that it seemed physically hot. On closer inspection I found that I could not touch the cabinet with my bare hands without being burnt. Something was wrong here! I waited until the operator had finished with the weather messages and turned the transmitter off to cool down. No way could anything be touched on the transmitter until it had cooled down.
It took about two hours to cool enough so the tuning and other controls could be touched. Turning the transmitter on again and a close inspection revealed that the final valves had their anodes glowing red. This was not the normal operating condition for this type of valve. It was found that the final valves were being used as doublers and so dissipating a lot more heat that was normal. A complete retune of the transmitter fixed the problem and the transmitter operation returned to normal.
The point of mentioning this was to prove how robust these transmitters were as the transmitter continued to operate normally even after a gross overloading and heating had occurred to all its internal components.
Mullard Oscilloscope: From memory this was a state of the art test instrument using a distributed amplifier using valves for vertical deflection and it also had dual beams.
C & B 1 kW small ships 2162/2182 kHz: The Collier and Beale kilowatt was a common transmitter in New Zealand Coast Stations. The final transmitting valves were push–pull 833s, which in normal operation had anodes that glowed cherry red. They used a pi coupled output circuit that quite often would go out–of–tune if a moth or a huhu bug got caught in the final tuning capacitor. The 833 valves would light up like incandescent lamps until the cut–out disconnected the power. If the cut–out didn't work quick enough, the valves were often destroyed. This particular transmitter had its own internal amplitude–modulating amplifier.
I had an opportunity to return to the station in the 1980s and this transmitter had been replaced with a solid–state 1.2–kilowatt output version. It operated in the single sideband mode with carrier, which could be received by an AM radio receiver. From memory the transmitter had 20 x 60 watt final transistors that could be hot swapped, that is, removed and replaced while the transmitter was in operation. The size of the solid–state transmitter was similar to the older valve version. There is no size saving with solid–state transmitters as the heat sinks used on the multiple output transistors were large and took up most of the space in the top half of the cabinet.
This transmitter was used on the medium frequency small ships telephony frequencies of 2182 kHz (calling and emergency) and working 2162 kHz.
300 W Redifon to Irangi: My memory of this transmitter is that it was the only one with a VFO, which was unique as all the other transmitters were crystal controlled.
1 kW at 1–ampere supply: No knowledge about this.
Test Equipment and Jack Fields–Patch Panel: From this position you could key all transmitters together and feed audio signals to any telephony transmitter.
Operator's desk and VHF monitoring control unit: From this position you could dial–up the VHF channels in use. Taxis and police are the ones I remember.
Busy and the noise. Upon entering the main operating room, one was struck by the busy atmosphere and the noise, the noise of Creed Teletypes, reperforating machines, morse code from the main marine 500 kHz room and voice traffic on the "Small Ships" coastal frequencies being monitored on a loud speaker. There was a strong sense of purpose in that room. The radio and telegraph operators were a cheerful friendly lot and there was sometimes time to swap a yarn, or for them to extract an answer to a technical enquiry from the technician visiting from the transmitting station to do the daily maintenance. Although the equipment was aged, most maintenance was light as faults were few and far between.
Names like Marconi CSR5, National HRO, RCA AR77 and Redifon receivers with which the receiving office were equipped will be familiar to vintage enthusiasts. For this writer a quick morning maintenance visit included a spell on the AR77 in the equipment room stickybeaking to the regular morning AM Ham radio nets on 80 metres – just testing the receiver of course!!!
Monthly maintenance was more intense with performance tests on all receivers which almost always turned in a one microvolt performance. A simple valve change usually put things right if they didn't make their normal performance standard.
Running along the south side of the building was a seldom used technical work shop and an emergency power room. This room contained a large bank of lead–acid batteries providing a 24 volt DC supply. Nearby to this stood a nineteen inch equipment rack on which was mounted eight 24 volt DC to 230 volt AC rotary converters fed from the battery bank. In the event of a power failure, the rotary converters could be manually started and through knife switches switched over to power key items of equipment in the receiving office until the Caterpillar emergency generator up at the transmitters could be started.
This writer being a newly qualified and zealous technician, decided that in order to extend the life of the batteries and maintain their capacity would benefit by recycling ie. a full discharge and recharge. He then, early one morning, set all the rotary converters running off load so as not to disrupt station operation figuring that even in this condition the resulting drain would eventually discharge the batteries – and he was right, What he did not know or realise was that a fail safe relay which was constantly energised to hold in the setting off contacts in the station's fire alarm system received its operating voltage from the emergency battery supply which was being discharged by the rotary converters. Around four o'clock in the afternoon the battery volts dropped low enough to release the relay in the fire alarm control system and set off the alarms. Reaction was swift. Within a few minutes the Northland fire brigade arrived, not an easy mission up the very steep hill road. Yours truly, rushing down the hill from the transmitter building, holding a large screw driver in his hand, was greeted by the Fire Chief who said, "You better put that screw driver away lad before you cause any more trouble." And I was deflated. Realisation set in and I quickly rushed into the emergency power room, quickly turned on the battery charger and turned off the rotary converters.
Many memories and stories can abound from those days at the RO, but sadly that is all there is now, those and a flat bare clay patch where the RO once stood.
The story is true, however, I don't remember when it happened but I do know the fix. You had to slide a large metal bar across when switching off the mains power and turning on the standby power. To change the station from standby power to mains power you had to turn off the standby power then slide the bar back and then turn the mains power switch back on. The mains and standby switches were large. Capable of 50–100 amperes or greater. The generator was also stuffed.
Now, I was actually there when this happened. I was on the 4pm shift and had been down in to Wellington. There had been a power cut and most of Wellington had been blacked out. I was aware that was happening so I was most surprised when I noticed street lights on at the bottom of the hill. I went up to the transmitting station and asked about it. The shift technician at the time suddenly looked most perturbed when I asked and raced out to check the switch. Sure enough, both switches were on, | 2,218 |
Pastor Earnest Green and Lighthouse Missionary Baptist Church will have their annual revival July 24-28 at <|fim_middle|> and Greenville Baptist Church will have annual revival services Aug. 7-11 at 6:30 p.m. nightly.
The District Combined Mass Choir has rehearsals Fridays at 7 p.m. at Jabez Missionary Baptist Church under the leadership of the Rev. William Sapp. For more information, contact Sis. Atwater at 318-332-9884.
Celebrate Recovery meets every Monday evening from 6-8 p.m. at First Baptist Church, 508 Second St. There is no cost to attend. Babies through children in kindergarten can go to childcare, children in first through sixth grades can go to "Celebration Place," and children in seventh through twelfth can go to "The Landing." Contact Tanya Conlay at First Baptist Church at 318-352-3737 for more information.
First United Methodist Church has line dancing Tuesdays at 5 p.m. and pickle ball Tuesdays at 6:30 p.m.
Campti Soup Kitchen is open at City of Refuge Community Church on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays from 11 a.m.-1 p.m. The church is at 3089 Hwy 71 in Campti. For details, call Sharon Reliford at 505-0742.
First Presbyterian Church has "Lunch on Us" Wednesdays, providing sack lunches for those in need starting at 11:30 a.m. | 7 p.m. nightly. The guest will be Elder Maurice Rogers of Red River Church of God In Christ, Coushatta.
Weaver United Methodist Church, Flora, will have a singing and potluck supper at 5 p.m. Sunday, July 30.
Morning Star Baptist Church, Natchez, will have its Men's Day Program Sunday, July 30 at 2:30 p.m. The guest will be the Rev. Henry Edwards of St. Savior Baptist Church.
First Baptist Church on Second Street will have praise and worship at 6 p.m. Sunday, July 30. The guests will be the Broadmoor Baptist Choir. Child care will be available.
Evergreen Baptist Church (St. Maurice) cordially invites you to its annual Revival July 31-Aug. 4 at 7 p.m. nightly. The Speaker of the Hour for July 31 and Aug. 1 will be two of the Sons of the House. The Speaker of the Hour for Aug. 2-4 will be Rev. Ike Byrd, pastor of Mount Zion Baptist Church in Monroe, La.
The Rev. Alfred Williams III and St. Peter Baptist Church, Campti, will have their annual revival Aug 2-4 at 7 p.m. nightly. Guests will be the Rev. Ronnie Williams and Rockford Baptist Church members on Wednesday, the Rev. Brad Holden and Antioch Baptist Church, Pleasant Hill, members on Thursday and the Rev. Waddell Smith and Bethel Baptist Church members on Friday.
On Saturday, Aug. 5, at 7 p.m., New Birth Missionary Baptist Church invites everyone to join them for their annual Men's Day Celebration. The special guest will be Gilgal Male Chorus and the Natchitoches Detention Center Choir. The guest speaker will be Rev. Carey Smith, Pastor of Greenville Baptist Church in Clarence.
The Rev. Carey C. Smith | 401 |
CW Games
Games & Downloads
Stats Spider
TEAM SITES >>
A Small Riot …..
Martin Chandler | 6:14am GMT 20 December 2020
Author: Tebay, Martin
Publisher: Red Rose Books
The distance between Wigan and Bolton is, as the crow flies, around eight miles. By 1884 the leading cricket clubs in the two towns had been playing each other for more than twenty years, with a competitive but essentially friendly rivalry.
In 1884, as usual, return fixtures were arranged between the two clubs. Wigan won the first, played at their home ground. The return took place at the beginning of July. To give an idea of the standard of cricket eight of the 22 men on show had or would play at least one First Class match in their lives, and the home side included two professionals in their line up. The visitors had one.
The weather on the day was not pleasant and in the end the match was left drawn. Wigan were dismissed for 96 and, well in the game, Bolton were 81-4 when the end came. There appear to have been a few flashpoints, but the various issues came to a head when the visitors refused to play on due to the rain and the home side's batsmen stood out in the middle waiting for them for some time. A large crowd, a number of whom had money resting on the outcome, became fractious and the scenes at the end were at best unseemly, and give rise to the booklet's title.
Such was the impact of the disagreement that reports of it appeared well beyond central Lancashire and with his usual diligence author Tebay has thoroughly researched the local and national press in order to construct a detailed account of the day's events which, bookended by an introduction and an afterword, is what these twelve pages comprise.
The ripples caused by the controversy did not last too long, so this account is not going to appeal to many beyond the county of the Red Rose, but those who it does appeal to will find Tebay's account an absorbing read. The booklet is available in a signed and numbered limited edition of thirty copies which can be purchased from the publisher at a modest £7 including UK postage and packing. Red Rose can be contacted by email to sales_redrosecricketbooks@live.co.uk and, for those in the Southern Hemisphere, a few copies will be available from Roger Page.
Comments are moderated, and will not appear until they have been approved
<|fim_middle|> section and, 999 reviews later, he is therefore just the man to bring up our thousand
A Tall Story
Fifty Years of Forfarshire Cricket 1930
The Fast Men
Few cricket books are bestsellers, and I doubt this week's book ever was either, but it has been through several editions, and I don't suppose its total sales have been exceeded by many.
HomeBlogs
Cricket Games News
Book ReviewsCW Games
CW Cricket
CW Cricket Quiz
CW Hangman
CW Memory
CW Crosswords
Cricket Chat
CoachingHistory
Most Popular Cricket Games
Cricket Game Reviews
Shareware Cricket Games
Copyright © Cricket Web | More articles by Martin Chandler
175 Years of Surrey County Cricket Club
Golden Summers
One More Run
Cricket in Mind
Cricket Books Homepage
A Bibliophile's Blog
George Giffen: A Biography
It is just over 15 years since Archie Mac started our review | 61 |
MLK Day 2016
Not originally on their 12-date "Sweet Harmony Soul" tour, the two headliners Patty Griffin and Mavis Staples decided to add Minnesota to their itinerary with a stop over at the Weesner Family ....
It's Dr Martin Luther King Jr day today! Let's celebrate with these artists.
Also: Don't forget that Chuck D (from Public Enemy) is speaking at Augsburg College in Minneapolis for FREE. It is at 1pm, but show up early for a good spot.
livinonahighnote.com
American R&B/gospel soul singer Mavis Staples will<|fim_middle|> bittersweet songs written by friends and collaborators (M. Ward, Vic Chestnutt and Robyn Hitchcock, to name a few) and a sole Hogan tune called "Golden" which she wrote for Case, when her friend was struggling to become a successful singer. The album has made quite a splash in the music world, showing up on a number of critics' top ten lists for the year (including my two favorite critics Jim Derogatis and Greg Kott of WBEZ's Sound Opinions.) Hogan has been touring off and on since November hitting various cities in the midwest and east coast in support of the album. The killer combination of heavenly voice and sharp and playful stage presence should make for a wildly wonderful and engaging show at one of my favorite St. Paul venues, the cozy Turf Club.
emily ( ) ♥ kellyhogan.com
Posted by W♥M on Monday, 24 December 2012 at 05:20 AM in Anti-, Emily, Kelly Hogan, Neko Case | Permalink | Comments (0) | be releasing her latest Livin' On A High Note on February 19, 2016, via Anti- Records. If you cannot wait for the official release date, she's allowed the lead single "High Note" and "MLK" to be downloaded now.
If you didn't know, MLK is the abbreviation for Martin Luther King... and in fact, songwriting credit is also credited to MLK and M Ward (who also produced the album).
Livin' On A High Note Songwriting Credits
Take Us Back (Benjamin Booker)
Love And Trust (Ben Harper)
If It's A Light (The Head & The Heart)
Action (Tune-Yards)
High Note (Valerie June)
Don't Cry (M Ward)
Tomorrow (Aloe Blacc/John Batiste)
Dedicated (Justin Vernon/M Ward)
History Now (Neko Case)
One Love (Son Little)
Jesus Lay Down Beside Me (Nick Cave)
MLK Song (M Ward/ Martin Luther King)
CX Kidtonik & Tchaka Diallo basically warmed up the audience with two or three songs before Saul Williams joined them on stage with the rest of the touring band. For those who aren't familiar with Williams ....
SAL WILLIAMS
facebook.com/public/Sal-Williams
American rapper, writer, and poet Saul Williams will be releasing MartyrLoserKing album, via Fader Label, on January 19th. The title is clearly a nod to Martin Luther King.
In a recent installment of his mini-video series in conjunction with Tribeca Films called "The Announcement", Saul delivered the message of MLK's death.
Saul also previously mentioned that his goal for MartyrLoserKing was "to skim global issues, throw them into my drum machine and see what polyrhythms formed." And that the first single from MLK, "Burundi" would "coincide with democratic unrest in Burundi as their president attempts to re-write their constitution to run for a 3rd term. My hope is that this song & songs like it give the protesters the fuel they need to overcome over-militarized police & power hungry politicians. I want the politicians, police, and all who stand in the face of democracy with over-zealous self-interest to know that their candle is burning at both ends and that the collective WE will never be silenced and the more they try the more our voices will be heard. The technology of awareness is solar powered and cannot be turned off."
In honor of Martin Luther King Jr Day, here are some songs about change. King wanted change for the equality of everyone... making it possible for Barack Obama to become ....
KYLE DEVINE
kyledevine.com
In 1980, Stevie Wonder released a song honoring Dr. King called, "Happy Birthday," and Kyle Devine hope that his work with BJ The Voice on "Sad Smiles Happy Blues" would be on the same level as Stevie.
The song is a positive message of love and peace. As MLK said, "Hate cannot drive out hate; only love can do that."
BJ add, "I'm a part of the generation that is fed up with white supremacy. It's real, as well as white privilege. This song is a rage and pain reaction to 549 years of oppression. I'm an awakened sheep that refuses to settle for the flock's condition."
Produced/Mixed by Kyle Devine and written/sung by BJ The Voice.
PJ Tabron (Piano), Zak Austin (Guitar), and Rey Holliday (Organ, Guitar).
Photography by Kyle Devine.
Artwork designed by Duane Lawrence.
Recorded at Flatline Studios in Portland, OR
Posted by W♥M on Monday, 18 January 2016 at 08:27 AM in Anti-, BJ The Voice, Kyle Devine, Martin Luther King Jr, Mavis Staples, Saul Williams, Vu | Permalink | Comments (0)
Kelly Hogan
01/24/13 St. Paul, MN Turf Club
01/25/13 Evanston, IL Space
01/26/13 Milwaukee, WI Cactus Club
01/27/13 Madison, WI High Noon Saloon
02/01/13 Chicago, IL Green Mill
The gorgeous, versatile pipes of alt-country singer/songwriter Kelly Hogan will be heating up the Turf Club on Thursday, January 24th. She is best known as Neko Case's vocal soultwin, having supplied backup vocals on several of Case's solo records (the first being a 2001 EP entitled Canadian Amp) and on joining Case on tour (if you haven't seen them together live, make it a priority! The two of them are like a modern-day Abbott and Costello only a little more vulgar and with better voices, of course.)
But Hogan has a fairly extensive musical background dabbling in jazz and rock as well as country. She started with a stint in an early 90s jazzy Atlanta band called the Jody Grind that was cut short following the tragic death of two members and moved on to art-rock quartet Rock*A*Teens in 1996. Hogan has released four solo albums since that time, collaborating with Andrew Bird and Edith Frost on her own records and lending her talents to bands like Drive-By-Truckers, The Mekon's Jon Langford, The Waco Brothers and, more recently, Jakob Dylan's solo 2010 effort Women and Country and Mavis Staples' You Are Not Alone.
In June, Hogan released I Like to Keep Myself in Pain, a fantastic collection of | 1,195 |
Paintings surprise me. I've just completed my latest, and although the idea was there for a while - I mean I lived the disaster and personal mortification, the way it finished, that was unexpected.
<|fim_middle|> simply about laboriously drawing a design onto the canvas, it is about finding a way for the paint to breath; to give the elements of pattern, expression, line, colour, pace and composition room to wriggle, to find their own equilibrium. When this happens the painting becomes unpredictable, but takes on a unity of determination to shout out and demand the viewer come into the world it has created.
These are moment when preparation and skill and analysis are give something more, when paint becomes a painting, when a sketch lifts itself from the page. These are moments that you hope for, that you fear you won't find when you begin the project. The spontaneity comes from the detail, but it is the inspiration that makes you feel in what you do.
Easy as falling over? I think not. | The layers are blocked in okay? So today was about tightening up lines, solidifying coverage of the paint, adding tweaks to expressions, and shades to hues; then I'm looking at the canvas, and before I know it I've swirled the brush here... then here and then here, here, here and here. I stop, stunned and look. I like it, so I add here, and here, and there. So now I understand what the painting needs, where it's going, so the palette is daubed and dabbed and scurried until I've added, tweaked and blitzed the original idea to produce the finished painting. It still has the structure of the sketch, but now the energy of the moment is back, is infecting the whole scene, and what I had in mind has gained something from the move from sketch to canvas - before was the cartoon, this is the finished article - assuming the cat doesn't knock it over today.
This element of chaos is important, it keeps ideas and designs alive, prevents you from becoming too complacent about an idea or a process. Recreating an idea is no longer | 233 |
San Juan Skyway Scenic Byway, CO
The San Juan Skyway Scenic Byway covers 236 miles of terrain across southwestern Colorado. This loop travels through Durango, Mancos, Cortez, Dolores, Rico, Telluride, Ridgway, Ouray, and Silverton. Be sure to allow at least two days to see everything this byway has to offer.
Durango has endless recreational opportunities, a rich history, and countless stories to tell. From mountain biking, hiking, rafting the Animas River, scenic train ride, skiing, and awe-inspiring scenery there are endless ways to reinvigorate, rejuvenate, or just plain relax.
➠ More Info and Photos on Durango & Silverton Railroad
➠ 1. La Plata Canyon
On your drive between Durango and Mancos, there is La Plata Canyon Recreation Area. This canyon is a popular destination for locals. Several campgrounds, numerous hikes and great opportunities for photography abound. The gravel/dirt road takes one up to Kennebec Pass whereby several trail systems converge and an opportunity to hike to Taylor Lake is a must during the summer when flowers are blooming. Four wheel drive with high clearance is recommended if one intends to make it to the Kennebec Pass.
➠ More Info and Photos on La Plata Canyon
Kenebec Pass.
Photo by EMKotyk
Mancos is where the west still lives. This is Louis L'Amour country, King of the Western Novel, where you can head out with one of Mancos' local outfitters and ride the trails to see the backcountry. Explore the mysteries of the people who lived here, farmed here and built the magnificent sandstone structures of Mesa Verde and Hovenweep. If you wish to see something a bit more modern, visit the Folk & Finer Art gallery & museum just west of Mancos.
➠ Folk & Finer Art
➠ Mesa Verde Country Website
➠ Mancos Website
➠ 2. Mesa Verde National Park
Between Mancos and Cortez is Mesa Verde National Park, a World Heritage Site. This is a must see destination if you want to see how Ancestral Pueblo peoples lived among the cliff dwellings from 600-1300 A.D. These sites are some of the most notable and best preserved in the United States. Amenities include ranger-led tours<|fim_middle|> It is also an ideal starting point for planning visits to the Canyons of the Ancients National Monument. They have maps, guidebooks, and current information about trail and road conditions within the National Monument.
➠ More Info and Photos on Canyons of the Ancients Visitor Center and Museum
Visitor Center and Museum.
The unparalleled attraction of Rico is her endless opportunities to enjoy mother nature. Climb or backpack in the Lizard Head Wilderness. Ride mountain bikes on any of the numerous Forest Service roads or single-track trails around town. Fish in the Dolores River or any of her tributaries. Ski cross-country along the river, telemark or snowboard in the endless backcountry, or snowshoe anywhere your heart desires. Rico is a prime home-base for hunting elk, deer, and bear.
➠ Rico Website
A visit to Telluride and neighboring Mountain Village will be unforgettable whether you were drawn here by the intellectual allure of its arts community or boundless outdoor playground for hiking, biking, jeeping or skiing.
➠ More Info and Photos on Telluride
Ridgway is nestled in the picturesque Uncompaghre Valley and surrounded by the majestic snow capped peaks of the Cimarrons and San Juans mountains. The town was founded in 1890 as the headquarters of the world famous Rio Grande Southern narrow gauge railroad serving the area's rich silver and gold mines, ranches and farms. Ridgway is the perfect town to enjoy and explore a broad spectrum of outdoor activities and year-round cultural events.
➠ More Info and Photos on Ridgway
Ouray nicknamed the "Switzerland of America," has been a world-famous destination for more than 100 years. Ouray features a heavenly hot springs, Box Canyon Falls, and a super-popular July 4th celebration.
➠ More Info and Photos on Ouray
Silverton is a National Historic Landmark, home to Animas Forks and the Alpine Loop, and the summer destination for the Durango & Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad train ride. Silverton is a recreational paradise in winter for snowmobiling, skiing, sledding, ice skating, ice climbing, and ice fishing, and in the summer for rafting, backcountry touring, jeeping, ATV and OHV riding, fishing, hiking, biking, rafting, horseback riding, hunting, and camping.
➠ More Info and Photos on Silverton
⇩ Download Map and Site Descriptions (PDF 1.0 MB)
➠ Other Southwest Colorado Scenic Byways Map (PDF 238 KB)
➠ Colorado DOT - San Juan Skyway
➠ Return to Colorado Attractions | , numerous trails for the avid hiker, lodging, camping, restaurants, museum, and a recently opened Visitor and Research Center.
➠ More Info and Photos on Mesa Verde National Park
Cliff Palace.
Many consider Cortez the cultural center of Mesa Verde Country. Strong agricultural traditions and Native American heritage characterize this town, located in the the valley that is shadowed by Mesa Verde. Ancient cliff dwellings, cowboys and farms mingle harmoniously below the surrounding mountains.
➠ More Info and Photos on Canyons of the Ancients National Monument
➠ More Info and Photos on Cortez
Dolores is a must-stop for anyone who is nearby. We are a wonderful small town located in a canyon with the beautiful Dolores River cutting along one side and rock cliffs on the other. There are countless opportunities for biking, hiking, fishing, hunting, exploring ancient ruins, white water rafting and much more.
➠ Dolores Website
➠ 3. Canyons of the Ancients Visitor Center and Museum
Just northwest of Dolores is the Canyons of the Ancients Visitor Center and Museum (formerly known as the Anasazi Heritage Center). It is a museum that features permanent and special exhibits, archaeological site information, educational resources for teachers and a large research collection from various archaeological projects in southwest Colorado. | 266 |
NGC 1268 est une galaxie spirale intermédiaire située dans la constellation de Persée. Sa vitesse par rapport au fond diffus cosmologique est de , ce qui correspond à une distance de Hubble de . Elle a été découverte par l'astronome prussien Heinrich d'Arrest en 1863.
La classe de luminosité de NGC <|fim_middle|>8 est II.
NGC 1268 est une galaxie de l'amas de Persée.
Supernova
La supernova SN 2008fg a été découverte dans NGC 1268 le par J. Leja, D. Winslow, W. Li et A. V. Filippenko dans le cadre du programme LOSS (Lick Observatory Supernova Search) de l'observatoire Lick. Cette supernova était de type Ia.
Notes et références
Voir aussi
Articles connexes
Liste des objets du NGC
Liens externes
.
.
NGC 1268 sur spider.seds.org.
NGC 1268 sur la base de données LEDA.
NGC 1268 sur WikiSky.
NGC 1268 sur le site du professeur C. Seligman.
1268
Constellation de Persée
Galaxie spirale
Galaxie spirale intermédiaire
Amas de Persée
Objet céleste découvert en 1863
Objet céleste découvert par Heinrich Louis d'Arrest | 125 | 3 |
John Clayton (1709–17<|fim_middle|> Manchester, in which he wrote about the poorer inhabitants of the town. It was replied to in the following year in a jocular and sarcastic manner in A Sequel to the Friendly Advice to the Poor of Manchester. By Joseph Stot, Cobbler. The real author was Robert Whitworth, printer and bookseller.
References
1709 births
1773 deaths
18th-century English Anglican priests | 73) was an English clergyman, an early Methodist, and Jacobite supporter.
Life
He was the son of William Clayton, bookseller, of Manchester, and was born 9 October 1709. He was educated at Manchester Grammar School, and gained the school exhibition to Brasenose College, Oxford, in 1725. In 1729 the Hulmean scholarship was awarded to him, and a little later he became a college tutor. He proceeded B.A. on 16 April 1729, and M.A. on 8 June 1732.
One of his early friends was John Byrom, his fellow-townsman, and at Oxford he knew John and Charles Wesley, James Hervey, Benjamin Ingham, and other pious young collegians, who formed the little society of 'Oxford Methodists'. Fasting, almsgiving, and the visitation of the sick were among the main objects of the friends, and the influence of Clayton's devotional spirit and earnest churchmanship was felt in the little community.
He left Oxford in 1732, and was ordained deacon at Chester on 29 December of that year. His first cure was that of Sacred Trinity Chapel in Salford. His house became the resort of John Wesley and others of the Oxford society whenever they came to Manchester, and Wesley on several occasions preached from his pulpit. George Whitefield also delivered one of his stirring addresses in Clayton's chapel. When Wesley was contemplating his mission to Georgia, he visited Manchester to take the opinions of Clayton and Byrom. Clayton acted as chaplain to Darcy Lever, LL.D., high sheriff of Lancashire in 1736, and published the assize sermon which he preached at Lancaster in that year. On 6 March 1740 he was elected one of the chaplains of the Manchester Collegiate Church, and twenty years later (28 June 1760) was appointed a fellow there.
His high-church practices and strongly pronounced Jacobite views proved very obnoxious to the Whig party of the neighbourhood. He was attacked in a pamphlet by Thomas Percival of Royton, and subsequently by Josiah Owen, presbyterian minister of Rochdale, and John Collier, otherwise known as 'Tim Bobbin'. When the Young Pretender visited Manchester in 1745, Clayton publicly advocated his claims, and offered up prayer in the collegiate church for the deposed royal family. Afterwards Clayton had to suffer: he was obliged to conceal himself, and was suspended from his office for violating his ordination vow, and for acting as one disaffected towards the Protestant succession. He was reinstated when a general amnesty towards the adherents of the Prince was proclaimed.
In Chetham's Hospital and Library at Manchester he took considerable interest, and in 1764 was elected a feoffee of that foundation. Clayton died on 25 September 1773, aged 64, and was interred in the Derby chapel of the Manchester Collegiate Church (now cathedral). His wife was Mary, daughter of William Dawson of Manchester. She appears to have died young.
Legacy
For many years Clayton ran an academy at Salford, and his pupils after his death formed themselves into a society called the Cyprianites, and at their first meeting decided to erect a monument to his memory in Manchester Cathedral. For school use he published in 1754 Anacreontis et Sapphonis Carmina, cum virorum doctorum notis et emendationibus. A library of 6000 books, collected by Clayton, was attached to this school: it was dispersed in 1773.
In 1755 he published a short volume entitled Friendly Advice to the Poor; written and published at the request of the late and present Officers of the Town of | 813 |
I lay long in bed, till Sir Williams both sent me word that we were to wait upon the Duke of York to-day; and that they would have me to meet them at Westminster Hall, at noon: so I rose and went thither; and there I understand that they are gone<|fim_middle|> (L&M note)
Also on this day
About these events
All diary entries from November 1661
Read a summary of this month's events | to Mr. Coventry's lodgings, in the Old Palace Yard, to dinner (the first time I knew he had any); and there I met them two and Sir G. Carteret, and had a very fine dinner, and good welcome, and discourse; and so, by water, after dinner to White Hall to the Duke, who met us in his closet; and there he did discourse to us the business of Holmes, and did desire of us to know what hath been the common practice about making of forrayne ships to strike sail to us, which they did all do as much as they could; but I could say nothing to it, which I was sorry for. So indeed I was forced to study a lie, and so after we were gone from the Duke, I told Mr. Coventry that I had heard Mr. Selden often say, that he could prove that in Henry the 7th's time, he did give commission to his captains to make the King of Denmark's ships to strike to him in the Baltique.
From thence Sir W. Pen and I to the Theatre, but it was so full that we could hardly get any room, so he went up to one of the boxes, and I into the 18d. places, and there saw "Love at first sight," a play of Mr. Killigrew's, and the first time that it hath been acted since before the troubles, and great expectation there was, but I found the play to be a poor thing, and so I perceive every body else do. So home, calling at Paul's Churchyard for a "Mare Clausum," having it in my mind to write a little matter, what I can gather, about the business of striking sayle, and present it to the Duke, which I now think will be a good way to make myself known. So home and to bed.
16 Annotations
RexLeo on 29 Nov 2004 • Link
"...having it in my mind to write a little matter, what I can gather, about the business of striking sayle, and present it to the Duke, which I now think will be a good way to make myself known."
Sign of becoming a great executive.
Louis on 29 Nov 2004 • Link
"Mare Clausum" = Laws of the Sea?
"I could say nothing to it, which I was sorry for. So indeed I was forced to study a lie, and so after we were gone from the Duke, I told Mr. Coventry that I had heard Mr. Selden often say," &c.
Now, is this remark about Mr. Selden the lie Pepys studied to tell, or a remark in talk that he left unrecorded?
If Selden's still alive or around, and in a position to verify or deny the remark, this seems like jumping into a well to avoid tumbling into the Thames.
Glyn on 30 Nov 2004 • Link
According to the above link to his name, Mr Selden was a famous jurist who has been safely dead since 1654. He was teaching at Cambridge University while Pepys was an undergraduate there. Batten and Penn are experienced seamen who could talk about this from personal knowledge. I'm not sure if anyone else there expected Pepys to know much about this topic - he may just be being hypersensitive, or expecting more from himself than the others do, a sign of insecurity in his job.
dirk on 30 Nov 2004 • Link
Mare Clausum
Mare clausum [L.] (Internat. Law):
Lit., closed sea; hence, a body of water within the separate
jurisdiction of the nation; -- opposed to {open sea}, the water open to all nations and over which no single nation has special control.
http://www.hyperdictionary.com/dictionary/mare+cl…
Selden's "Mare Clausum" was the British reply to the argument of Grotius's "Mare Liberum", which denied the validy of England's claim to the high seas.
Selden argues that England's jurisdiction extends, in fact, to all waters surrounding the isles.
For the sake of clarity, we're not discussing "territorial waters" here, but the oceans and seas beyond coastal waters.
John Selden (1584-1654).
First edition of Mare Clausum, 1635. Second edition, enlarged, with side-notes, 1636.
Hugo Grotius (1583-1645), Dutch jurist.
Mare Liberum, 1609.
Mare Clausum vs. Mare Liberum
The historic controversy which arose out of demands on the part of different states to assert exclusive dominion over areas of the open or high sea. Thus Spain laid claim to exclusive dominion over whole oceans, Great Britain to all her environing narrow seas and so on. These claims gave rise to vigorous opposition by other powers and led to the publication of Grotius's work (1609) called "Mare liberum". In "Mare clausum" (1635) John Selden endeavoured to prove that the sea was practically as capable of appropriation as territory. Owing to the conflict of claims which grew out of the controversy, maritime states had to moderate their demands and base their pretensions to maritime dominion on the principle that it extended seawards from land.
A formula was found by Bynkershoek in his "De dominio maris" (1702) for the restriction of dominion over the sea to the actual distance to which cannon range could protect it. This became universally adopted and developed into a three-mile belt (territorial waters).
Encyclopedia Britannica (1911 edition)
http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/
vicente on 30 Nov 2004 • Link
Stiking the flag and THE pecking order:King of the seas, acknowledgement of whom be the king of the ant heap. Whose law would rule, and be enforced, same old one, size of ball that will shred thy sails when I am mad.
Naturally, one would never argue with Jimmy [sorry Duke of York James], Sam like most of us would utter ' quite right, they must show due respect', just as our lads do down on the farm, tug the forlock.
Back in '42 "The Law , Parliament declared in August 1642.... enjoy their estates, are protected from any sort of violence and power, and differenced [deference?] from the meaner sort of people , with whom otherwise they would be but fellow servants'. [Century of Revolution C. Hill p 56.]
The divinity of royalty is be a rising again. Remember Navigation Act of 1660 was passed basically to enforce the English monopoly of import trade by only Englishman , Irishmen or English Colonists crewed by 75% English Matlocks. Of course If the Dutch wanted to send over some fish, would not say no but then pay double duty. [more p 180 Cen of Rev ch]
deepfatfriar on 30 Nov 2004 • Link
"...before the troubles..."
A phrase to conjure with.....
Pedro. on 30 Nov 2004 • Link
"before the troubles"
A phrase still used..
The period known as "The Troubles" is merely one link in a long chain of religious bitterness and conflict stretching back across centuries of Irish history
http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2000/n.ireland/overvi…
Pauline on 1 Dec 2004 • Link
"to Mr. Coventry's lodgings…to dinner (the first time I knew he had any)"
Does this mean that some notables hold open dinner daily for social and business purposes. It appears that the Sandwich's have this policy at the Wardrobe, even when Edward is out of town and when Lady Sandwich is "not dining out of her chamber".
Mary on 1 Dec 2004 • Link
Mr. Coventry's lodgings.
I had taken this to mean that Sam had not previously known that Coventry had lodgings in Old Palace Yard.
vicente on 1 Dec 2004 • Link
" hold open dinner daily for social and business purposes" Even in my youth some of the Local Worthies would have open house for a bite or more. One was always made to feel welcome, besides being just being nice, it allowed the Gentry to catch up on all the local goings, comings , and other savory and unsavory dealings, much more imformative than the filtered press.
Terry Foreman on 8 May 2014 • Link
"I told Mr. Coventry that I had heard Mr. Selden often say, that he could prove that in Henry the 7th's time, he did give commission to his captains to make the King of Denmark's ships to strike to him in the Baltique."
L&M note Selden died in November 1654 when Pepys was 21. Pepys may have known of him not only by reputation but also through Selden's friendship with John Langley, Pepys's schoolmaster. Possibly Pepys's visit to the Baltic in 1659 inspired the invention of this story. It was a most unlikely one, since Denmark and Sweden successfully clained sovereignty over the Baltic. Pepys was in later life sceptical about all such extravagant claims.
Bill on 5 Nov 2014 • Link
"I was forced to study a lie"
To STUDY, to apply the Mind to, to contrive.
---An Universal Etymological English Dictionary. N. Bailey, 1675.
Terry Foreman on 29 Oct 2017 • Link
"So indeed I was forced to study a lie...."
See https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/1661/11/12/ and https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/1661/11/12/#fn1-…
"I to the Theatre, but it was so full that we could hardly get any room, so he went up to one of the boxes, and I into the 18d. places"
L&M note the 18d. places were in the middle gallery, between the boxes and the top gallery. Pepys often sat in this part of the auditorium during his earlier years of theatregoing.
Terry Foreman on 10 Nov 2017 • Link
"So home, calling at Paul's Churchyard for a "Mare Clausum," having it in my mind to write a little matter, what I can gather, about the business of striking sayle, and present it to the Duke...."
Selden's treatise; in Latin (with sprinklings of Greek and Hebrew); first published in 1635: PL 2048. It was probably the translation of 1652 whicch Pepys now bought (cf. https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/1663/04/17/ Pepys was later critical of the work: Naval Minutes, pp. 53, 275. Nothing is known of the 'little matter' which Pepys here thought of writing; he may not have written it. | 2,431 |
Escambia baseball team wins Region 1-6A quarterfinal
Matt Foster
mrfoster@pnj.com
When Taylor Boyd was preparing for Friday's game against Middleburg, the Escambia pitcher had one goal in mind for his team.
"Score early and often," he said.
The senior helped his team do that and more Friday night, putting up two sac flys and pitching six innings while striking out six batters to lead the Gators to a 4-0 shutout in a Region 1-6A quarterfinal.
"He was huge," Escambia coach Roger Mayo said. "And he didn't even have his good stuff. He had good enough to win, and he used it to win. He had the two big sac flys, and that's the way you draw it up, and you hope it works.
"We're not a big-run team. We haven't scored many runs (this season), but<|fim_middle|> here, roll up their sleeves and work their tails off."
• WHAT: Region 1-6A semifinal.
• WHO: Escambia vs. Pace-Gainesville winner.
• WHEN: 7 p.m. Tuesday.
• WHERE: Escambia High. | we haven't given up a lot of runs either."
The trend continued during Friday's game, as Escambia's defense shone.
Boyd gave up only three hits in six innings as he took care of business on the mound, and the rest of his team backed him up when needed as centerfielder Daniel Eaton made a diving catch in the outfield in the second inning and catcher Devan Harriman picked off a runner caught stealing second in the top of the sixth.
"Couldn't do it (tonight) without my catcher," Boyd said. "Devan Harriman definitely worked me out of a bunch of jams."
The Gators' offense was on fire as well, bolstered by Boyd's two sac flys in the first and third innings.
Leading 3-0 in the bottom of the fourth, Escambia added its final run as Anthony Stoeter scored Brennan Vasquez on a ground out ball to first base.
Middleburg, for its part, never truly threatened and left five runners stranded on base by the end of the game.
"We knew this team didn't make it this far for no reason," Escambia shortstop Jake Durant said. "We had to get ahead and put them down. They weren't just going to lay down for us. It means a lot for this team. It also means a lot for this program and the school. It gives us a lot of momentum for our (players) coming back next year to come out and work hard over the summer."
"Taylor Boyd (was the difference in the game). Getting ahead, throwing strikes, challenging every hitter and not picking at them, just going after them and getting the ball in play."
Now, Escambia will wait to see who wins today's contest in Gainesville between the Pace Patriots and Gainesville High School.
The Gators host the winner Tuesday in a Region 1-6A semifinal.
"We're excited about hosting next week," Mayo said. "At this point in time, it doesn't matter who we end up playing. We get to host regardless.
"They have one big goal in mind: to see how far they can run with this thing. That's what it's all about."
Being able to play at home is special for the Escambia squad, who earlier in this week questioned whether it would even be able to host Friday's game following the torrential downpour that soaked the area on Tuesday and Wednesday.
"It was kind of an emotional situation because we weren't sure we were going to get to play on the field (after this week)," Mayo said.
"We had so many parents and community people jump in | 530 |
Modern field guide to security and privacy
Andrew Kelly/Reuters
American whistleblower Edward Snowden is seen through a camera viewfinder as he delivers remarks via video link from Moscow to attendees at a discussion regarding an International Treaty on the Right to Privacy, Protection Against Improper Surveillance and Protection of Whistleblowers in Manhattan, New York September 24, 2015.
The NSA whistleblowers who vetted Oliver Stone's 'Snowden' biopic
Former National Security Agency executives Bill Binney and Thomas Drake, who blew the whistle on US government surveillance programs more than a decade ago, served as advisers on the Edward Snowden film that opens nationwide Friday.
By Jack Detsch Staff writer
@JackDetsch
Eleven years before Edward Snowden became a household name for leaking National Security Agency secrets, the government 's crosshairs<|fim_middle|>Can hackers sway public opinion with DNC and NSA leaks?
https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Passcode/2016/0912/The-NSA-whistleblowers-who-vetted-Oliver-Stone-s-Snowden-biopic | were on Bill Binney and Thomas Drake for speaking out against a controversial intelligence collection program.
The pair of NSA senior executives filed a Department of Defense Inspector General's report in 2002 alleging dire problems with "Trailblazer," designed to analyze internet data during the Bush administration. The government claimed Mr. Drake stole agency documents and handed them to the press. He was charged under the Espionage Act but the case was later dropped. Mr. Binney resigned from the agency.
While their story may have faded in the public's memory, their ordeal helped provide a greater sense of authenticity and accuracy to Oliver Stone's "Snowden" biopic that opens this Friday in theaters across the country.
In fact, Mr. Snowden has said that Binney and Drake helped inspire his decision to leak confidential NSA files in 2013 to journalist Glenn Greenwald and filmmaker Laura Poitras, including documents disclosing the existence of a the surveillance program known as PRISM to search global internet data. The disclosures helped push President Obama to curb NSA metadata collection last year.
Mr. Stone's film is unquestionably a Hollywood version of the Snowden saga. Many of the characters are fictionalized and he relies on visual effects to illustrate cyberattacks and computer code, adding some panache to the often mundane work life of an NSA analyst or programmer.
In one scene, Mr. Snowden, played by actor Joseph Gordon-Levitt, and a handful of young recruits take a computer hacking exam in a dark room at a government training facility. As Snowden and his colleagues defend the networks, frenetic lines of neon green code whiz by on giant screen.
In real life, says Drake, those kinds of tests are usually done in basic UNIX programming languages.
Mr. Stone and the film's producers conducted extensive interviews with Mr. Snowden, who is played on screen by actor Joseph Gordon-Levitt, but they didn't have unlimited access to the former NSA contractor who is living in exile in Russia and currently faces charges in the US under the Espionage Act.
Drake and Binney helped fill in some of the gaps, especially when it came to helping Stone (who cowrote the film with screenwriter Kieran Fitzgerald) capture life inside the NSA's headquarters in Fort Meade, Md., or its other facilities such a facility in Hawaii where Snowden worked until he left the US.
"When he first arrives [in Hawaii], it looks like a spaceship," says Drake. "That scene was intended to capture what it's like inside of that facility. The equipment, much of that is actually drawn from what you could see."
Binney was on set for much of the filming in Munich, Germany, and served as a full-time technical consultant to Stone and the production crew for two weeks during shooting.
As Stone has done with his previous work, such as the Oscar-winning "Platoon" and "JFK," his latest film aims to make a political statement, this time about the global digital surveillance and privacy debate.
"Mr. Obama could pardon him and we hope so," Stone said about Snowden during the Toronto International Film Festival last week. In fact, when the film opens Friday, activist groups are taking advantage of the publicity blitz to urge the White House to do just that.
The American Civil Liberties Union and Amnesty International plan on launching a campaign to ask President Obama to clear Snowden of charges of violating the Espionage Act for disclosing secret NSA programs.
Binney also hopes "Snowden" revives the public conversation about surveillance and privacy issues that was at the root of his earlier leaks. Putting the Hollywood spotlight on the issue could reinforce the significance of the debate for moviegoers, he says.
"It wasn't working," Binney says of his efforts to bring disclosures of US surveillance programs into the public eye. "I could say things on radio or television or '60 Minutes' or 'Frontline' and it wasn't getting through. The film is a way to impact a wide variety of people and gives them the ability to see things. That makes a lot of difference."
Editor's note: This story has been corrected to accurately characterize the nature of Bill Binney and Thomas Drake's complaints against the National Security Agency. They called for an internal US government investigation of an intelligence program.
Test your knowledge Privacy How secure is your data? Take our quiz and find out
Experts: Shoddy Asian cybersecurity gives hackers easy targets
How Google aims to disrupt the Islamic State propaganda machine
How the DNC hack is boosting anti-US sentiment in Russia
| 912 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.