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Home » Featured News, News & Reports, Press Releases » Adoptions More Joyful Despite COVID-19
Adoptions More Joyful Despite<|fim_middle|> they will now be in a stable, permanent home with a loving family. "We call them their Forever Family," she said. | COVID-19
Posted on Dec 22, 2020 in Featured News, News & Reports, Press Releases
Partner agencies created cardboard cutouts of Judge Darien Ching Nagata (above) and Judge Jeffrey Hawk (below) so they could be part of the photos commemorating the adoption and guardianship celebrations.
HILO, Hawaii — In a year when staying within your bubble and social distancing were the norm, adoption celebrations became more joyful because they could be shared with family, friends, and classmates in multiple locations, thanks to Zoom.
The Third Circuit Hilo Family Court celebrated National Adoption Day in late November by having 29 children achieve permanency by being adopted or placed into guardianships.
"Usually, the families gather in our courtroom for the adoption ceremony with their immediate family and representatives from the various agencies," said District Family Judge Darien Ching Nagata. "This year, the proceedings were held virtually, which turned out to be a blessing in disguise.
"One child had seven classmates and two teachers appear virtually to support her during her guardianship hearing. Another child had more than 20 family and friends watch from multiple locations to be a part of this special day," added Judge Ching Nagata, who appeared remotely from her courtroom.
This is the third year, the Third Circuit has collaborated with the Department of Human Services, the Department of the Attorney General, Children's Law Project of Hawaii, and P.A.R.E.N.T.S. Inc. to finalize adoptions and guardianships in conjunction with National Adoption Day.
"District Family Judge Jeffrey Hawk and I were honored to preside over these adoptions and guardianship hearings," said Judge Ching Nagata. "Just seeing the joy in everyone's eyes and hearing the emotion in their voices just made my day!"
Judge Ching Nagata added that granting an adoption or guardianship for a child, means | 385 |
New online store siopa.com, offering overseas customers products from Irish designers, expects to see an annual turnover of €10 million and 100 new jobs created from local suppliers.
Siopa.com was set up by Irish entrepreneur Lulu O'Sullivan who has worked in online retail for over 15<|fim_middle|> Taoiseach Enda Kenny.
For the launch of the site, a commemorative pin was commissioned for US President Barack Obama for his visit to Ireland on 23 May.
The pin fuses Obama's dual ancestral heritage which incorporates a Celtic image and a tribal image of the Kenyan ethnic group Luo. A limited number of pins are available from siopa.com. | years with giftsdirect.com. The new store will offer unique, authentic products from Irish designers and producers targeted at the 40 million Irish Diaspora in the US.
The online store was launched by Taoiseach Enda Kenny and the site expects to have an annual turnover of over €10 million. The Irish crafts industry is work €500 million annually in general.
In addition, it expects to create 100 local jobs in indigenous Irish craft and gift businesses and small producers across the country.
"We are honoured that An Taoiseach, Mr. Enda Kenny, T.D., was available to officially launch siopa.com today," said O'Sullivan.
"As part of siopa.com my team and I travel extensively around Ireland to source the best quality traditional products and we can now provide an extensive outlet for unique Irish products such as Foxford Wool Blankets from Co. Mayo and Belleek Pottery from Co Fermanagh.
"With jewellery and traditional craftspeople still at the heart of Irish creative talent, we are proud to support this talent and are delighted to be in a position to provide those living overseas with a convenient way to stay connected to their heritage," said O'Sullivan.
Siopa.com's business partners employ 12,000 Irish people directly and 300 indirectly in supply, distribution and other activities. The store supports over 100 Irish suppliers, whose ranges include brands such as Waterford and Tiperrary Crystal and Carraig Donn Knitwear.
"At a time of serious economic challenges in the country, I believe that siopa.com represents the very best of Irish innovation and entrepreneurship with the real potential to grow jobs and exports," said | 345 |
Thanks to an agreement with Hotel Posta Marcucci and Hotel Le Terme, our guests have access to the thermal pools of Bagno Vignoni with a discount of 20%!
The Bagno Vignoni hot spring water is renowned since the days of ancient Rome and famous people like the Popes, kings and queens have stayed in this small village to enjoy its benefits.
Bagno Vignoni<|fim_middle|> the stars.
Follow the activities of Spedaletto castle and its surroundings. We keep you informed about what to do in Val D'Orcia. | , famous spa and romantic village is located a few kilometers from the Castle Spedaletto.
The thermal water flows at source at 49 ° C and arrives in the big tanks at the center of the village at a temperature of 43-45 ° C.
The beneficial properties of this water are manifold and is particularly suitable for arthritis, rheumatism or simply to rejuvenate body and soul. These thermal waters contain: bicarbonate, sulfate, calcium carbonate, iron and zinc.
The pool Val di Sole is open in the weekends all year round and in summer at night to experience the magic of the bath under | 126 |
Microsoft Dynamics 365 updates add AI features to CRM
August 23, 2018 / Brittany LeMaro
Microsoft has introduced new updates to its Dynamics 365 CRM platform, including AI-driven business intelligence tools for sales, marketing and service.
When incorporated into business applications, AI can provide insights into how best to engage potential customers, predict customer needs, answer questions and, ultimately, sell products. Microsoft hopes to enable all that in its latest Dynamics 365 updates for marketing, sales and customer service.
At the Microsoft Business Applications Summit 2018, James Phillips, corporate vice president of the vendor's business applications group, said in a keynote that the Dynamics 365 updates change the platform from something that feels like "a surveillance system" to a business intelligence (BI) tool incorporating AI-driven analytics.
CRM "is not a category of software that people are deeply in love with," Phillips said. "A salesperson sits down and enters their leads and opportunities. It's for someone else, so they can track the forecast, understand the pipeline [and] whether you're doing your job or not."
The granularity of the AI tools Microsoft added with the Dynamics 365 updates will likely be useful for the average end user, said Kate Leggett, analyst at Forrester Research.
"What Microsoft is really excelling at is infusing AI into all their applications to help the business user -- whether it is a marketing or salesperson or customer service agent -- make the right decisions for that particular interaction," Leggett said.
Business-user AI: Microsoft's strength
On the stage at the July 2018 conference, Tammy Mihailidis, vice president of digital customer engagement at Polaris, a maker of power sport vehicles based in Medina, Minn., spoke about how Polaris uses Dynamics 365's marketing, sales and service platforms to give its customers a more personalized shopping experience.
Phillips said Dynamics 365 and its Power BI tools help organizations analyze traffic patterns of email and other communications and marry that information with LinkedIn to help understand where they should focus sales efforts.
Microsoft is trying to break down the artificial division between the front office and the back office by making the CRM assets available to all users.
Kate Leggettanalyst<|fim_middle|> changes, communicate them to the end users and then roll out these new releases to you CRM users."
August 23, 2018 / Brittany LeMaro/ /Source
Microsoft: Office 365 for Mac ...
Microsoft Inspire 2018 Recap: 8 Key ... | , Forrester Research
"As a salesperson, I have got a tool now that helps me focus my attention, helps guide me to success and isn't simply about keeping track of what I am doing," Phillips said.
Using Polaris as an example, Ryan Darby Martin, a senior product marketing manager at Microsoft, demonstrated how this process would look to both the customer -- in this case, a fictional municipality -- and to the Polaris agents, from within Dynamics 365.
The process with the Dynamics 365 updates includes a chatbot answering questions from a potential customer, predictive lead scoring recommending that sales staff focus on this particular lead, making the sale and welcoming the customer.
"We are actually able to track all of those interactions and calculate the health score of this particular lead," Martin said. "We could see the time that was spent by us, but also the time that was spent by them. For example, I can actually see if they opened [an] email, if they clicked on the attachment, if they viewed the link [and] how many times they were responding to us."
Getting AI into end users' hands the end goal
James Phillips, vice president of Microsoft's business applications group, presenting new Dynamics 365 updates
The integration of the marketing, sales and service platform is an example of what Leggett said makes CRM features more accessible to end users.
"Microsoft is trying to break down the artificial division between the front office and the back office by making the CRM assets available to all users with its integration into Skype and the Office products," she said. "They are making it very easy to consume. It's probably one of the most inexpensive enterprise solutions available."
In addition being a venue for unveiling the Dynamics 365 updates, the conference was an opportunity for Microsoft to announce it would be releasing updates to its suite of products twice a year. Each release will be preceded by release notes that will help IT professionals prepare for the software updates months in advance, according to Microsoft.
"Companies have to be continually innovating," Leggett said. "You are getting new releases twice a year, and when that happens, you need to have change management processes in place to be able to understand the | 453 |
Our Mission: To provide a solutions-based platform for people to uncover self-empowerment, develop their gifts, and build a supportive community through the creative arts, play, and practical service.
At the core of The Collective Tribe's structure exists a series of value balances. Each pairing can be considered as two ends of a continuum, or two sides of a scale – both extremely important, and a balance between the two even more so. These values serve to guide the direction and actions of our missions.
Core Values Balance
Giving and Receiving – With the philosophy of the gift being central to the work and play of the community, we recognize the importance of maintaining balance between giving and receiving. This is essentially the truth of feedback – we get back what we put out into the world. A mission of playful service is one to inspire and amplify gifting in order to build a strong web of mutually supportive, interdependent relationships.
Trust and Accountability – Every community is founded on the trust between each member and for the whole group. With a balance between individual self-direction and<|fim_middle|>. We are all in this together. It is through individual action in service to the whole that we create balance between the individual and community.
Teaching and Learning – Each member of the community brings essential skills and knowledge – their gifts – to the world. The Collective Tribe creates a space in which all are given the opportunity to share and express their heart's work in the co-creation of an inspiring, sustainable, and harmonious way of living. The entire project will be shared as a transmedia story and is available to the community in order to provide a new model for collaboration.
Unity and Diversity – Strength and support are found when people come together as one. Like any healthy ecosystem, unity is given strength through the diversity of each part. Diversity is celebrated as we learn to appreciate and foster individual gifts and perspectives with receptive humility and mutual respect, empowering everyone to have a voice in the collective direction.
Work and Play – The (r)evolution of love taking place on the planet is one that is bringing together the long separated notions of work and play. We are here to do our work and we are here to have fun doing it. When we are enjoying our work and devoted to our play, magic emerges and life takes on new meaning. Who says we can't have fun while we make the world a better place? | community accountability we ensure that problems are identified, communicated, and mitigated with ease. This encourages each individual to find the motivation to participate within one's self, while utilizing the larger community for inspiration, encouragement, and support. Trust also extends into the financial transparency of the entire project – we want to build strong relationships with those supporting the project.
Individuality and Community – We recognize the value in each individual's unique creative gifts, as well as the fulfillment that one receives through empowered independence and freedom. This creates the support and sharing network though which we are empowered and inspired to give back | 117 |
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The prison industrial complex is a term used to describe the overlapping interests of government and industry that use surveillance, policing, and imprisonment as solutions to economic, social and political problems. On Prison Free Funds, we focus on two aspects of the prison industrial complex: companies involved in the prison industry (such as private for-profit prison operators and prison services providers), and companies involved in the militarization of borders and the policing of immigration.
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Copyright © 2021 As You Sow | being used to finance mass incarceration, private prison operators, immigrant detention and surveillance, or the border militarization industry. This free online tool can help you find alternative options to incarceration-based investments.
We can help build a more just world by reducing the power of those who profit from the prison industrial complex. Investors have the power to divest from the corporations that profit from these unjust systems, and can reinvest in companies that support the movement for a more equitable future for all communities.
For nearly three decades, As You Sow has promoted aligning investing with one's values. As part of our Invest Your Values program, we've created a series of tools that provide free information helping individuals do just that.
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Prison Free Funds is funded by contributions to As You Sow, a non-profit 501(c | 259 |
Chrome OS targeting netbooks<|fim_middle|> For application developers, the web is the platform," the announcement blog post explained.
Google said it will open-source the OS, which will run on x86 or ARM-based chips, later this year. It will initially target netbooks, several of which will launch with Chrome OS installed in the second half of 2010. | in 2010.
Google has announced its intention to launch a full-blown operating system next year.
The Google Chrome OS is designed to be fast, simple and secure, getting you online within a few seconds and leaving most of the user experience up to the internet.
There are no immediate implications for PC gaming, but the company has said that all web applications will work out of the gate, and new apps can be written in traditional web languages, ensuring compatibility with Windows, Mac and Linux alongside Chrome OS.
"The software architecture is simple - Google Chrome running within a new windowing system on top of a Linux kernel. | 126 |
Here are the best tips and tricks to playing the Toxic Trapper.
To excel in Apex Legends, players must understand each of the game's eight characters and their respective playstyles. As one of two designated defense classes, Caustic relies on tricks to best his enemies—and with the right setup, anyone can easily secure the win with this Toxic Trapper.
Before playing Caustic, players must first unlock him. Caustic is one of two characters in Apex that needs to be purchased before playing, and players can do so by unlocking the Toxic Trapper for 12,000 Legend Tokens or 750 Apex Coins.
Caustic's passive grants him vision over enemies trapped in clouds of poison gas. This ability works best in close-quarters, such as small rooms where enemies can't easily escape the range of Caustic's abilities.
Only Caustic will be able to see the outline of enemies, so be sure to alert teammates about their location in the poison gas. Since enemies can't see through the gas, Caustic players can use it as cover to revive teammates or quickly heal.
The Toxic Trapper comes equipped with a gas mask, so he can't be poisoned by his own abilities. As such, Caustics can't be damaged by other users' Nox Gas and vice versa, meaning players' tricks won't be effective against other Caustics.
Caustic's tactical ability places canisters that release poison gas in a small vicinity when shot or triggered by nearby enemies.
Traps are best used either in the early or late game. Players can leave canisters in locations packed densely with loot-hungry opponents or take advantage of late game rings by packing a compound full<|fim_middle|> traps, the grenade can be thrown a sizeable distance away from Caustic.
Caustic players need to carefully plan and set up their attacks to take advantage of his abilities, but they can be used in the heat of the moment as an effective escape tool.
The best characters to pair with Caustic include Bloodhound, who can use his own ultimate ability to see through the Nox Gas, and Lifeline, who can attract enemies to one area by summoning a high-priority care package. | of traps to catch enemies off-guard.
Canisters take about one second to become activatable, but once placed, they can be picked up and relocated. Caustic stores three canisters at once, and upon using all three canisters, players must wait 28 seconds before being able to place another. Up to six canisters can be placed at a time, so placing a seventh will remove the first from the field of play.
The canisters can also be used to block doors from being opened. Placing a trap on one side of a door prevents a player from opening the door on the opposite side. Caustic can hide traps in a building with two exits, blocking one door with a canister and leaving the other open to bait enemies in. When enemies enter the room, Caustic can throw in his ultimate, close the second door, and block it with another canister.
This tactic does require some set up and can be easily sniffed out by the enemy team, so be sure to place canisters quickly and quietly.
For his ultimate ability, Caustic throws a grenade that releases a cloud of Nox Gas that has a much larger range than that of his Nox Gas Traps. Unlike his | 250 |
Haines, William Clark (1810–1866)
by Betty Malone
William Clark Haines (1810-1866), by Batchelder & O'Neill
La Trobe Picture Collection, State Library of Victoria, H29447
William Clark Haines (1810-1866), politician, was born at Hampstead, England, son of John Haines, physician, and his wife Jane, née Bliss. He was educated at Charterhouse and in 1829-32 at Caius College, Cambridge (B.A., 1833), where by family tradition he was a friend of Thackeray.
After practising surgery in England for some years, Haines migrated to Victoria and bought property near Geelong with John Highett in 1842; the partnership was dissolved in 1846. Haines had given up farming by 1850 when he divided 2849 acres (1153 ha) into forty-nine farms stretching from Pollocksford on the Barwon River across the Geelong-Colac road at Moriac. By 1851 he had sold five farms to Charles Dennys and others were sold in the 1850s. Haines became well known in the Geelong district as territorial magistrate, district trustee of the Port Phillip Savings Bank and member of the Grant District Council in 1843. In 1851 he was a government nominee in the first Legislative Council; his resignation in August 1852 in protest against the intended issue of leases to the squatters won him the support of smallholders and radicals, although Haines was always a conservative. He was elected member for Grant in the council in August 1853 and became an official nominee from December 1854 to March 1855. He served on many council committees, including one for licensing in September 1854 when he took a firm anti-temperance stand. With John Foster, (Sir) William Stawell and others he helped to draft the new Victorian Constitution.
In December 1854, after Foster resigned, Haines became colonial secretary. His loyal and conscientious service was acknowledged by Governor Sir Charles Hotham, who wrote to the Colonial Office: 'Single handed I never could have coped with the difficulties with which I found this Colony surrounded, but I have had an able assistant and above all, a gentleman by my side, who has the invaluable habit of looking at his object and marching straight to it'. As the chief civil servant in Victoria Haines implemented the moves to resolve the financial crisis of 1854-55, reform goldfields administration and institute local government in suburbs, shires and country towns. He also shared with Hotham the many criticisms levelled at the administration.
In the council Haines was a reluctant, almost inarticulate speaker except when forced to clarify a government plan or defend a constitutional issue. He could be roused to speak on a few subjects on which he felt strongly, such as the unfair advantages of pastoral licensees over landowners. Another subject was education, which he claimed should be 'the work of the people themselves', financed by local rates and government grants, supervised by local authorities who understood local needs and property values, and preferably dominated by the churches.
In October 1855 news reached Victoria that the imperial parliament had passed the new Victorian Constitution Act. The Executive Council persuaded Hotham to forgo his powers at the earliest possible moment and to transfer sovereignty to it until elections could be held to choose the new parliament. Haines, Stawell, Andrew Clarke and Hugh Childers were released from their duties in November 'on political grounds' and immediately reinstated as members of the first ministerial cabinet. The action was condemned by the majority of the Legislative Council who also accused these officials of acting to ensure their right to retiring pensions. Haines later offered to share his £1000 pension with Foster, who declined.
As chief official Haines was accepted as the nominal leader of the government in the Legislative Council. In the debates on electoral procedures for the forthcoming elections, William Nicholson gained support in the council when he advocated the use of secret ballot. Haines argued that secret ballot would mask rather than prevent bribery and when Nicholson's proposal was approved by a slight majority Haines resigned. Nicholson was unable to form a government and when the council resumed early in January 1856 Haines was recalled by the acting-governor, Major-General Edward Macarthur. Reluctantly Haines accepted the principle that the ballot question was to be decided by the legislature rather than by the ministers and an amended electoral bill became law in March.
In the first parliament under the new Constitution in November 1856 Haines was member for South Grant in the Legislative Assembly and led the first ministry. From the beginning his government was insecure despite the stability and confidence of the previous months. Uncertain of a majority in the assembly, he relied heavily on the advice of Stawell while his opponents were comparatively united under (Sir) John O'Shanassy. In March 1857 after several narrow victories Haines's ministry was defeated. O'Shanassy took office but was soon defeated and on 29 April Haines was reinstated, leading a cabinet mainly chosen by (Sir) James McCulloch. His government lasted until February 1858 when it was defeated by a mixed group of democrats, anti-Catholics and squatters during debates on the redistribution of electorates. Haines resigned and later that year left for North America and Europe.
While holding office in 1857-58 Haines swam with the current of Victorian affairs, yielding to pressure from strong colleagues and influential groups. Although he always opposed the hold of the squatters on crown lands, his land bill of 1857 had acknowledged the contention of the powerful squatting group that security of tenure for pastoralists was necessary for Victoria's prosperity. Again in 1857 when he needed (Sir) Archibald Michie's support, he gave government backing to Michie's private bill which would have cut down the church influence in education that Haines himself favoured. Despite his dislike of what he called 'a naked democracy' his government had to accept the principle of manhood suffrage for assembly elections, although the bill introduced included provisions for plural voting and complicated residential qualifications. The onset of an economic crisis and unemployment from 1857 also circumscribed reforms by Haines's administration. He encouraged assisted immigration but it was not popular and had to be reduced. Finance to implement plans to extend the railway system could not be arranged before Haines lost office. Business interests scotched suggestions for a national bank and little was done to extend and reform the civil service.
Haines's reputation was high when he returned to Victoria in October 1860. Representing Portland he took his place in the Legislative Assembly in November. He was treasurer in O'Shanassy's ministry till the government fell in June 1863 and represented Victoria at the intercolonial tariff conference that year. Under O'Shanassy he shared in improvements to electoral procedures, transport, local government and legislation on real estate. In the main issue of state aid to education Haines continued to work with O'Shanassy to reduce the power, prestige and financial status of the secular state schools, although in 1862 Richard Heales managed to carry a bill to establish a single board of education.
In the 1864 election Haines lost at Portland but was elected for Eastern Province to the Legislative Council. In the controversy over protection late in 1865 he was deeply involved in debates on the constitutional aspects of the tariff appropriation bills. His friends blamed his distress over this issue for the carbuncle which caused his death at 55 in his city home at South Yarra on 3 February 1866. He was buried in St Kilda cemetery. He was survived by his wife Mary Ann, née Dugard, whom he had married in London in 1835, and by five sons and two daughters.
Haines had been a member of the Council of the University of Melbourne in 1853-65 and vice-chancellor in 1857-58. He sponsored horse-racing at Geelong as well as international and intercolonial cricket matches; in 1861 he was made a trustee of the Melbourne Cricket Ground. He was a grand master of the Scottish Freemasons<|fim_middle|>1866
Illustrated Australian News, 23 Feb 1866
W. Hammond, 'Early History of the Barrabool Hills', Geelong Advertiser, Dec 1898–Jan 1899.
Haines, William Patrick (grandson)
Betty Malone, 'Haines, William Clark (1810–1866)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, National Centre of Biography, Australian National University, https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/haines-william-clark-3688/text5769, published first in hardcopy 1972, accessed online 19 January 2021.
London, Middlesex, England
South Yarra, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
colonial secretary
grazier (unspecified)
Member of Lower House
Member of Upper House
university vice-chancellor | , a member of the Melbourne Club and a prominent Anglican. A contemporary journal described him as 'a man of no brilliant talents but of immense weight of character—honest, jovial, undisguised old English Tory'. His hard work, patient affability and undoubted integrity were acknowledged by all but he lacked decisiveness and originality. 'Honest Farmer' Haines, as he was sometimes dubbed, was an admirable senior official but less successful as a minister of the Crown.
W. Kelly, Life in Victoria, vol 1 (Lond, 1859)
H. G. Turner, A History of the Colony of Victoria, vol 2 (Lond, 1904)
W. R. Brownhill, The History of Geelong and Corio Bay (Melb, 1955)
G. Serle, The Golden Age (Melb, 1963)
Parliamentary Debates (Legislative Assembly, Victoria), 1861-62, Parliamentary Debates (Legislative Council, Victoria), 1865
E. Scott, 'The History of the Victorian Ballot', Victorian Historical Magazine, vol 8, no 1, Nov 1920, pp 1-14 and vol 8, no 2, May 1921, pp 49-62
Age (Melbourne), 5 Feb 1866
Argus (Melbourne), 5 Feb | 316 |
DEAR FANS AND LOYAL SUPPORTERS! THIS ONE IS ESPECIALLY TO YOU! COME JOIN US AS WE CELEBRATE 10 YEARS IN THE BUSINESS OF RUNWAY CONCERT ENTERTAINMENT!
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Celebration of 10 year of bring LA High Quality Entertainment!
MADA's Will be honoring this survivor of Domestic Violence with our Domestic Violence Survivor Award at our May 7 event... read her story here.
THIXOTIX is also a MEMBERSHIP OR<|fim_middle|> us. | GANIZATION that allows ALL industry talent to showcase themselves with | 11 |
International News War Tax Resistance in Spain - "Ni Un Hombre, Ni Una Mujer, Ni Un Centimo Para La Guerra"
More reports and Penny Poll results from Elkhart, IN, Ithaca, NY, Corvallis, OR, and Greensboro, NC, in next issue and on our website.
Thirty activists from Eugene-Springfield forcefully protested the war in front of the main mail drop-off point for last minute Lane County tax filers. About 5,000 cars with 8,000 people passed by our group at an average of 5 mph as we stood lined up for nearly six hours along their path, holding graphic images of the injured casualties of the war: children, men, women, and soldiers, bearing messages like, "Your tax dollars paid for this," or "It's our money, stop the war." We became a "drive through slide show" of up to 25 people as the police were directing people to go through the special exit lane where they had to drive past us. We added to the effect by all dressing in black, and having two flag draped coffins at the scene. The response from the public was stunning, and many of them were stunned.
Photos of the action are on the web at http://www.squadron13.com/CivilResistance/TaxDay2005/default.htm.
Our third annual tax day action held in front of the IRS office included signs and leaflets with information such as "Iraq War Costs U.S. Taxpayers $207.5 Billion. Alaska's Cost = $412.6 Million = 6876 Teachers for 1 Year." We had up to 30 protesters during the day. Traffic along the street is heavy and slow, so many read the signs while in their cars. While most ignored us, those that did acknowledge us were quite positive.
We also handed out the Peace Tax Return to those who were coming to the IRS building for extension forms. Most felt there is a serious problem with the deficit, but were reluctant to make a connection with U.S. foreign policy and high military spending. Next year we might go to the post office instead, where cars are lined up for<|fim_middle|> much a matter of politics as of conscience.
Last year the results of our annual campaign were by far the best in our history. The alternative project was based in work for peace in Israel and Palestine, and in our central account we received more than 48,000 euros (compared with 31,000 in 2002). This is an open path along which many more people may travel.
Yolanda Juarros Barcenilla is an activist with Objeci�n Fiscal from Alternativa Antimilitarista- MOC, on the web at http://www.nodo50.org/moc-carabanchel.
IRS Returns Peace Tax Returns!
NWTRCC has now received four envelopes from IRS Headquarters Washington, D.C., each containing from one to a dozen envelopes holding Peace Tax Returns that were sent to them. Should we send them back?!
As of mid-May, the NWTRCC office is still receiving copies of Peace Tax Returns from individuals who "filed" the form with the IRS and/or elected officials. Thus far about 125 have reported to NWTRCC telling us that over $27,000 of federal taxes were refused, ranging from a $1 resistance to $8,800. About one-third those filing the Peace Tax Return (and reporting to us) filled out Part B and refused some or all of their income taxes. Many more people than usual have sent NWTRCC copies of letters that they sent to the IRS, and many people new NWTRCC used the Return, offering us thanks for giving them an easy way protest and resist.
We will have a more detailed report in the next issue.
The National War Tax Resistance Coordinating Committee met in Nashville, Tennessee, May 6 - 8. The gathering was hosted by Nashville Greenlands, a Catholic Worker style community begun by longtime war tax resister Karl Meyer. Highlights of the weekend included a talk by Karl about his years of resistance, a presentation by Ralph Hutchison of the Oak Ridge Environmental Peace Alliance about August actions on the 60th anniversary of bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and lots of planning for the fall Strategy Conference. More about the meeting in the next issue.
All war tax resisters are encouraged to attend! A brochure will be mailed in early this summer, or contact the NWTRCC office for more information.
Two U.S. peace activists, Dorie Wilsnack and Eric Bachman, living in Germany have found that many people in Europe and in other parts of the world are largely unaware of the extensive grassroots peace and justice network that exists across the U.S. In response they have started a new email newsletter called Peace Across the Atlantic. The third issue included an article on tax day in the U.S. and information about NWTRCC. The newsletter is part of a larger project called Bridges of Encouragement.
If you would like to refer friends outside the U.S. to the project or newsletter (available in English and German at this point), contact Bridges by email at transnationalbridges@gmx.org or write them at Milchstr 83, D-32120 Hiddenhausen, Germany.
The annual "Death and Taxes Festival" was held on April 9 with a march from the IRS to Raytheon, an event that was started by activists who formed the Bread and Roses Affinity group with the help of Lawrence Grassroots Initiative in 1999 to draw attention to Raytheon's role in supplying weapons used against civilians in the wars in Yugoslavia and Iraq. Nowadays the festival is a project of Massachusetts Global Action, while Raytheon develops the tomahawk missile used in Afghanistan and Iraq.
Among those forming a blockade at the entrance was the legendary "Quack Block," anarchist rubber duckies who are part of a united front called TTW (Tubby Toys of the World). They have appeared at this event in the past, as well as other events in support of peace and justice all over the world. Their spokes duck, "Big Yellow" said: "We are calling on children's toys everywhere to join us in the streets on this day. We must speak up against this war machine that brings death and destruction all over the globe. We must speak up against our tax dollars being used to fund this machinery." One activist was arrested for putting a bumpersticker on a pole.
For more information visit the websites http://www.massglobalaction.org or http://www.deathandtaxesfest.org.
March 9: The press release from the U.S. Postal Service trumpeted transforming the West Side Post Office on Struck Street into a temporary internet caf�. They promised "demonstrations, music, and caf� activities, complete with an open mic performance by Postal Ambassador, Dan Erlandson, singing his newest postal jingle, 'usps.com.'"
Drawn by the promise of "demonstrations," I went with leaflets to inform taxpayers of the Peace Tax Return and WRL pie chart. The post office let me down, as I will further explain, but they did make good on the caf� activities. There was excellent coffee, biscotti, and power bars, plus a china mug with the usps.com logo. The guitar player, Erlandson, sang his jingle, and had his CDs for sale.
Not seeing any of the promised demonstrations, I started handing out the Peace Tax Returns and the pie charts. After about 10 minutes a supervisor noticed me. She came over to inform me I could not pass out material. I told her I had a constitutional First Amendment right to do so. She said I had to go outside to exercise that right. I continued to pass out leaflets. She threatened to call the police. I told her she should. After about five minutes, not the police but the regional manager appeared to tell me the same thing. I responded as before. The two of us spoke for over half an hour. After trading remarks about the biscotti, I learned the excellence of the refreshments were no accident: Manager Anderson had been, in another life, the manger of restaurants in upstate New York. He drew me over to the wall, which had dos and don'ts about what you could do inside the post office. In addition to violating citizen's First Amendment Rights, it was written that you could not sell any non-post office materials. That proviso was being ignored when it came to the guitar singer's CDs.
For more than a generation, the Madison Branch of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF) together with other peace and justice organizations have leafleted one or more local post offices on Tax Day, and I was repeatedly assured that we could distribute materials in the parking lot on April 15.
WILPF activists handed out about 350 leaflets, "Do You Know Where Your Taxes Are Tonight?" co-sponsored by Southern Wisconsin Alternative Tax Fund and IWW. Only one out of twenty people refused the leaflet. One man angrily said, "You activists!" Who could complain about that appellation? Another man questioned whether we had the right to leaflet at the post office. I assured him it was our First Amendment right. He didn't believe me and said he was going to call someone up.
Two lower level postal workers slightly harassed us. I was passing out leaflets near the door. The postal worker said I couldn't. I told her the regional manager had assured me I could over a month ago. I stayed and she went inside. A man pulled up in the post office truck, and tried to tell Ron he couldn't be within 100 feet of the mail boxes. We stayed where we were. Ron figured he was confused with the directions for election polling places.
The people who got the leaflets, which contained highlights of the Senate Appropriations Committee Markup of the Fiscal Year 2005 Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act (H. R. 1268), were not pleased with where their $82 billion were going.
Others also leafleted at the DeForest Post Office. Next year we will start earlier and print 500 leaflets.
Citizens and Dwellers in this fair Willamette Valley, of the State of Oregon, of the United States of America�.
We proclaim that we, good citizens and dwellers in this fair Willamette Valley, are not represented in the taxation laid upon us by our United States Government.
Health care is increasingly limited!
Our forests are being destroyed, our air and waters polluted!
And the wealthy of our country do not pay their fair share of taxes!
Our nation is becoming bankrupt!
Is that the way we want our Taxes used?
Tax Us For Peace Not War!
End the war and bring our soldiers home!
Dignified lives for our elders, the disabled, the poor!
Excellent education for our children and youth!
Excellent health care for all!
Protection of our threatened forests, air and water!
Excellent public transportation, urban, rural and national!
Economic policies that benefit populations around the world!
May we of this fair Willamette Valley, and all people around the country and the world who seek peace, dignity for all, and the true security that might come from policies of love, unite to achieve these goals! | about a half mile to get their returns postmarked on time.
The Iraq Pledge of Resistance and members of the All Peoples Congress lined the sidewalk in front of the post office in downtown Baltimore so that passing motorists could see our signs and we could hand them leaflets as they slowed down to give their returns to the postal workers. I stood on the sidewalk dressed as the unfortunate Abu Ghraib prisoner with a hood over his head and electrodes attached to his hands with a sign that read, "Your Tax Dollars At Work." We were not hassled by motorists, most of whom took our flyers, but we were hassled by the post office security and the head of the post office, a Mr. Kahl. We were told that that there were "complaints" about our handing out flyers and we had to stop. The post office cop got very belligerent with one of our group and the two of them had a heated exchange. After that, we stopped handing out flyers in an obvious way, but some continued doing so surreptitiously. When I was leaving, I went over to the post office cop and told him that he was helping to destroy the very underpinning of our democracy. Mr. Kahl will be hearing from us too.
-Maria Allwine for the Iraq Pledge of Resistance, Baltimore.
Three of us handed out WRL pie charts at the main post office-nothing fancy, but well worth our time. I had an excellent conversation with a Vietnam veteran, who knows all to well the reception capabilities of our government. One fellow said we should shut down the Pentagon, another yelled over his back to "start more war." One upset man crumpled his flyer and put it back on my stack. I asked him if he wanted to talk about it, which caught him off guard, and even though he left declaring our country was filled with communists, I was glad that he took the time to intake a different idea.
It was a hot year for Taxes for Peace Not War with events planned over potluck suppers during tax season. The group organized: a fundraiser at a restaurant with political skits and outrageous political singers; a showing of "An Act of Conscience" under the auspices of another group; participation in a panel discussion held at a local restaurant; talks at the Unitarian Church, a local community college, and a Women's Action for New Directions (WAND) meeting; placing paid ads in a local paper and the statewide Oregon PeaceWorker; providing information to phone callers and visitors; a parade around the Saturday Market, dressed as colonials ("No Taxation Without Representation") and handing out pie charts; and, Tax Day leafleting and redirection of $3,500 of resisted tax dollars at the downtown post office (see final story in this issue). The group and WTR received excellent media attention: three articles in the Oregon PeaceWorker; an op ed by a new group member, David Hazen, in the Eugene Register Guard; three radio interviews before tax day; and TV and newspaper coverage of the tax day action.
On top of all this, two group members have received "Final Notices" before collection from the IRS and are busy composing letters in response about their reasons for refusing, along with gathering support for publicity around possible hearings at the IRS offices.
Fresno Women's International League for Peace & Freedom leafleted with the WRL pie chart at the post office. Most people took the flyers, and a Spanish TV station interviewed one of the group's Spanish-speaking members. An Indymedia video is on the web at http://www.indybay.org/news/2005/04/1733495.php.
Postal employees checked on the group regularly, but tolerated the leafleting at the end of the walkway after seeing the flyer was not soliciting anything. Group members were vigilant in maintaining their right to leaflet in a public space, but near closing time the postal employees insisted leafleters move out to the sidewalk.
Milwaukee War Tax Resistance has an annual vigil outside the Federal Building and this year Food Not Bombs joined in. Each year the WTRs also go inside to deliver "letters of regret" to a Senator's office and then go to the IRS office to vigil or leaflet They are always escorted by the police and private security, which makes the Senator's office especially welcoming. Lincoln Rice was the only one risking arrest this year, and he chose to kneel outside the door (the IRS wouldn't let him in) and pray a rosary for peace. It took at least 10 minutes before he was arrested because the head of security had stepped away and didn't give the official complaint so that an arrest could take place.
A group of 20 women walked several blocks with signs to the State House and into the cafeteria where the Raging Grannies sang a couple of tax songs. We gave out a lot of literature on the street including the pie chart and information from other peace groups. Then we joined a vigil of about 40 people in progress. We had previously delivered to all our representatives information about how the Bush Budget effects Vermont.
The NYC WRL and People's Life Fund carried out a two-pronged action at the main Manhattan office of the IRS on April 15. One part was the usual vigiling and leafleting outside the building, with 30 to 40 people and spirited chants and a good turnout of police. NYC People's Life Fund held a redirection ceremony and gave $1,000 war tax resisted money to two community groups, Black Veterans for Social Justice and the Neighborhood Economic Development Advocacy Project.
This year we decided to add another element: going inside to pass out literature. The intention was just to hand out literature and talk with those who were seeking tax information in what should be a public space. However, we were prepared to be arrested, especially since the IRS officially denied our request (made weeks earlier) to pass out literature inside. Eric Laursen and I went inside the IRS separately and passed through the airport-style security station. Not expecting to be inside very long we had minimal amounts of pie charts and Peace Tax Returns hidden in plain envelopes. I went into the forms area, and Eric went to the area where people were waiting to be counseled by IRS employees. Surprisingly, the IRS employees didn't notice us for the first 15 or 20 minutes as we freely passed out literature and talked with several people.
Finally, a woman from the Treasury Department and a man came up to me to say I couldn't hand out literature and, if I persisted, she would call one of the guards to have me escorted out. After a few minutes of politely arguing back and forth, they withdrew. I continued to leaflet for a few more minutes when the Treasury agents returned to say they had a compromise. We could put the literature on their tables next to the IRS tax forms, just not hand it out. I asked if they would object to our pointing to our literature and encouraging people to pick it up. That was fine as long as we didn't physically hand it to anyone.
After Eric and I went outside to gather a lot more literature, we were stopped by the security guards, who were unaware of the compromise. I said "The Treasury woman ...," and they said "Sorry, but that's no good ..." So, we were held up for a few minutes while various personnel were summoned from above.
Eventually, the head of IRS "media relations" came downstairs along with another couple of people to say they had previously denied our request to hand out literature. Then the Treasury woman and man came down to join in the conversation. They explained the situation to the IRS people, who relented. Upstairs we went, spread out our literature across four or five feet of IRS table space in several piles next to the IRS forms, were easily able to get people wandering by to take the literature, had good conversations with several, and experienced no hostile responses. We left at 2 pm, the scheduled end of the action.
Philadelphia WRL had an interesting evening on South Street. We got set up, with our "No Millionaires Left Behind" sign and a number of us in costume either as millionaires or as people "doing without," and one in an American flag straitjacket labeled "racism, militarism, materialism." After we had started handing out our leaflets, we were accosted by two young bicycle police, one of whom was being "tough." "I could arrest you for violating the ordinance against distributing handbills on South Street or Lombard or Bainbridge, but I am just giving you warning." Several of us tried to discuss it with him, but he was interested in giving orders.
We regrouped and decided that we didn't want to go somewhere else, but that we would walk up and down South talking our message rather than leafletting. (We did give people flyers if they asked.) Hundreds of people passed us as we strolled.
One of us, Marlene Santoyo, 67-yearold, retired Philadelphia public school teacher and Quaker, was subsequently arrested. She was dressed in a hospital gown which said, "SICK with NO HEALTHCARE" and asked passers by, "Would you like to know where your tax dollars are going?" Many reached out to take the flyer. Santoyo is accused of "Improper Distribution of Handbills" and stands to be prosecuted in Criminal Court for this action.
The Oregon Community of War Tax Resisters made up three sets of Burma-Shave type signs, which we held up for morning commuters heading into downtown on one of the major bridges. The signs read: Let's not pay for/ wars or occupations/ Use our taxes/ for jobs & education; Instead of bombs/ let's use the tax/ to feed more kids/ ours & Iraq's; and, $Six billion a month/ and death every day/ Don't like the war?/ Then refuse to pay!
We regrouped at 5 pm and joined the weekly peace vigil of Portland Peaceful Response Coalition in the heart of downtown, to redirect $5,250 of tax money to three groups: Portland Catholic Worker for sheltering victims of domestic violence; a local project to refurbish and ship 60 computers to Bolivia; and Portland Peaceful Response Coalition, for their local organizing.
"� what remains the strongest with me is the knowledge that our presence on the bridge actually cheered people up. Hundreds of the people who drove by smiled, honked, waved and yelled encouragement. Only a tiny handful were overtly negative. For me, this points to a couple of things: One, we are a huge majority. Two, a lot of people who are afraid to even consider any resistance/redirection would sign up for a Peace Tax Fund alternative to war taxes (and those greater numbers would be more effective than we are at this time). I am going to continue working for resistance and redirection, but I would also like to encourage people to actively work to achieve the Peace Tax Fund."
"If you take more than 10 allowances your employer must send the W-4 to the IRS." WTR counselors have been passing on this advice for years, but now the IRS has changed its policy, announced as Treasury Decision 9196, which took effect April 14, 2005.
Employers are no longer required to send the IRS copies of potentially questionable W-4's, such as those claiming over 10 allowances or claiming exempt even if the person is making more than $200 per week. Instead, the IRS is stepping up its compliance efforts by making better use of information reported on W-2 statements sent to the IRS at the end of each year.
As reported by the IRS, this change follows a comprehensive review of the withholding compliance program, thus the IRS has developed a process to use information already reported on Forms W-2 to more effectively identify workers with withholding compliance problems. Where a serious under-withholding problem is found, the IRS will notify the employer to withhold income tax from that employee at a more appropriate rate.
Some WTR's might find the withholding calculator found on IRS.gov helpful in calculating withholding allowances, or see Publication 919, "How Do I Adjust My Tax Withholding?" also available on the IRS Web site or by calling 1-800-TAX-FORM (829-3676). The latter publication includes worksheets to help determine income and federal taxes due for the year. Many resisters and potential resisters could benefit from using these worksheets to get a handle on their status during the course of the year.
Recently the NWTRCC office has received calls from people who have not filed and have heard from the IRS. In most cases these are individuals who have had income reported to the IRS through 1099's or W-2's. Related to the W-4 compliance issues above, the IRS has developed an improved process of using these income reports to locate people who have not filed. Thus far it would appear that the IRS is generating at least an initial "where are you" letter seeking a response from the individual within 30 days. In some cases they have moved on to the next stage of establishing an assessment for a particular year. Once an assessment is made (whether agreed to or not by the individual) then a collection process could begin.
Within the WTR community it is yet to be determined how thorough the IRS will be in finding nonfilers and how consistently they will follow up on initial inquiries. The NWTRCC office is developing a list of counselors and resisters who have experienced this process and are willing to discuss their situation with others. The choices people make vary from not responding to the IRS, to agreeing on an assessment but resisting collection, to coming to a settlement with the IRS (but hopefully finding a way to keep up some level of resistance). Please contact NWTRCC if you are interested in talking with other nonfilers on this topic.
Last fall President Bush signed the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004 (H.R. 4520) that included one of those hidden pieces of legislation. This one allows the IRS to contract with private collection agencies to collect delinquent taxes. A December article in the San Francisco Chronicle discussed how the IRS was in the process of choosing companies with whom to contract. If readers have any experience with private agencies calling on behalf of IRS collections, please let the NWTRCC office know.
An in-depth COUNSELORS' TRAINING is being planned for one of the days around the Strategy Conference in October, possibly Monday, October 10. Please watch for notices on this or contact Ruth Benn at the office if you are interested.
Editor's note: Yolanda emailed NWTRCC that their group often looks at our website and "are very glad to see how close we work without having met you for very, very long." They ran an article about NWTRCC and U.S. WTR in their newsletter and wanted to share information on their activities with our readers.
While the new Spanish government has withdrawn troops from Iraq, Spanish troops remain in Afghanistan and on hand for further interventions. Weapons factories; the traffic in arms; the distortion of scientific research-there is no underlying change. Yet if it seems that our protests are ignored, more than we imagine we have in our own hands the possibility to counter the pervasive influence of militarism.
We claim that "peace is our affair" and demand the right to construct, through our civil disobedience, a demilitarized and participatory society, capable of handling its conflicts without resorting to violence. Such a transformation will take many forms of action: insumisi�n (total resistance to both military and civilian conscription); education and research about the military spending and the manufacture and sale of arms, preparing for alternative defense, and tax resistance.
Active. We are not resigned to passive laments, hoping that other people will lead the social transformation to which we aspire.
Collective. This campaign is carried out by many people who in different ways are in the same process of disobedience to all social militarization, be it in the barracks, the school, the workplace, etc.
Public. We want to be heard. A society without voice is easy to manipulate. Our disobedience takes place in the settings of everyday family life, work, free time, with our form of consumption or nonconsumption; with each small daily gesture we are making it clear that we do not agree with how our taxes are used.
Nonviolent. It is part of an ethic that is concerned with both ends and means. We do not see "the other" as our enemy. We believe that we strengthen ourselves every time we handle a conflict positively.
Political. We seek the abolition of armies and all the measures that benefit social militarization. We are guided by the political principles of justice and solidarity that ought to regulate social institutions.
The statewide WTR campaign has been carried out for 20 years. At first, the alternative projects were mainly social services. However, it is more difficult to raise funds for a group that aims to end the militarization of its own country, so we switched to supporting groups who defined their objectives in an antimilitarist framework. Thus we have come to know objectors and pacifists in Paraguay, Guatemala, Turkey, Colombia, Women in Black in Belgrade, the Soldiers' Mothers of St. Petersburg, groups in Israel and Palestine. Within the Spanish state, we have cooperated with campaigns against the militarization of schools, against firing ranges, and against the militarization and unjust trading practices of the European Union. Currently we are getting to know groups working with nonviolent strategies for democracy in Zimbabwe. We cooperate with Peace Brigades International and projects of War Resisters' International, including May 15 actions (Conscientious Objectors' Day) and the Balkan Peace Team. We also we want to address the role of banks in financing the arms industry and spreading discriminatory values.
In contrast to many groups elsewhere, the Objeci�n Fiscal groups of Alternativa Antimilitarista Movimiento de Objeci�n de Conciencia (AA-MOC) in the Spanish state do not favor legislation for "peace taxes." We would see this as primarily an expansion of the existing provision for making tax-deductible donations to charities. In view of the experience of legislation for conscientious objection to military service, we believe that such laws operate to suit those who enact them. When our ultimate aim is complete demilitarization, we cannot resign ourselves to a law that merely allows individual objection. For us, the act of objection is as | 3,842 |
Digital Empowers: Elevating Disability Inclusion at Work
Alexa Miller
The Digital Empowers campaign, a partnership between the U.S.
Read more about Digital Empowers: Elevating Disability Inclusion at Work
Wellbeing in the Workplace: Shifting Culture in Corporate America
Elyse Cohen
When it comes to improving mental health and wellness, employers are uniquely suited to help. Adults spend most of their time working than performing any other activity.
Read more about Wellbeing in the Workplace: Shifting Culture in Corporate America
Transforming Global Health: Cross-Sector Partnership to Advance the SDGs
Lawrence Bowdish, PhD
Yagmur Cosar
The UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a global effort to address some of the most pressing challenges facing the world.
Read more about Transforming Global Health: Cross-Sector Partnership to Advance the SDGs
Chicago Organizations Driving Innovation for Business and Social Good
© Mary Rafferty Photography
Technology is an inseparable part of society. While the complexity, utility, and application of technology are ever evolving, the purpose of its development and discovery remains the same—to solve real-world problems, to fulfill human needs, and present new opportunities.
Read more about Chicago Organizations Driving Innovation for Business and Social Good
If You Can't Find Women Tech Innovators, You're Not Looking Hard Enough
Alex Amouyel
© Adam Schultz / MIT Solve
The past year has been a momentous one for women. Following<|fim_middle|> to ban or replace many consumer items that are made from plastic. We are seeing this everywhere—politics, media, and consumer preference trends.
Read more about How to Navigate Towards a Plastic Pollution-Free Future | the global #MeToo movement, there have been many moments of progress. A record number of women won U.S. congressional seats. Ethiopia elected its first female president along with a new cabinet that is half female.
Read more about If You Can't Find Women Tech Innovators, You're Not Looking Hard Enough
How to Navigate Towards a Plastic Pollution-Free Future
Ron Cotterman, PhD
© Pexels
The rapid increase in consumer awareness of plastic pollution has given way to a movement | 99 |
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Scientist, educator Ehrenreich dies at 79
Australia-Harvard Fellowships named
A pioneer in semiconductor materials and a Harvard professor for more than four decades, Henry Ehrenreich, Clowes Professor of Science Emeritus, died on Jan. 20, a few months before his 80th birthday. Ehrenreich served as the University's first ombudsman and extended his academic interests to government and public policy, spending a year working with the director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy at the White House and serving on several national and international panels.
"An enormous number of colleagues, friends, and students at Harvard and throughout the world have benefited from their interactions with Henry as well as from … the volumes he edited. His insights, wisdom, and thoughtfulness will be sorely missed," said Paul Martin, John H. Van Vleck Professor of Pure and Applied Physics.
Ehrenreich received his B.A. (1950) and his Ph<|fim_middle|> co-editor of more than 30 volumes of Solid State Physics, a renowned and widely consulted annual review of major advances in solid-state science and technology. He served on and chaired numerous national and international committees, including the Solid State Commission of the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics for 10 years and the Department of Defense's DARPA Materials Council for 20.
Ehrenreich was also a skilled pianist. He developed his love for music early, thanks to his father, a choral conductor and music critic.
In addition to his wife, Tema, Ehrenreich leaves a daughter, Beth, two sons, Paul and Robert, and 10 grandchildren.
A service for Ehrenreich was held Jan. 22 at the Levine Chapels in Brookline, Mass. Donations in his memory can be made to the Center for Advanced Holocaust Studies, U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, D.C. | .D. in the emerging field of semiconductor physics (1955) at Cornell, where he also met and married Tema, his wife of almost 55 years. He then spent eight years at the General Electric Research Laboratory in Schenectady, N.Y. In 1963 he was appointed a professor in the Harvard Division (now School) of Engineering and Applied Sciences.
"Over the course of his academic career, as the flood of uses of semiconductor devices continued to grow, he published roughly 200 papers," said long-time collaborator Peter Pershan, Frank B. Baird Jr. Professor of Science. "He was a master at understanding, explaining, and predicting the electronic and optical properties of the ever-more-complex ingredients of these devices."
At Harvard, Ehrenreich, a popular and widely praised researcher, mentor, and educator, did much to promote and improve undergraduate education in science and engineering, chairing the Science Center Executive Committee and the Core Committee on Science from 1987 to 1999. As director of Harvard's Material Research Laboratory (now the Materials Research Science and Engineering Center) from 1982 to 1990, he fostered enduring collaborative interdisciplinary courses and research programs.
Ehrenreich was editor or | 266 |
Le Sueur County Welcomes<|fim_middle|> recognizing MetroNet among the Best Places to Work in 2020. For more information visit www.MetroNetinc.com. | MetroNet's 100% Fiber Optic Network Thanks to CARES Funding
MetroNet is bringing the power of ultra-fast 100 percent fiber optic to cities in Le Sueur County, Mn., including Le Center, Le Sueur, Montgomery, Cleveland, St Peter, and Waterville. The Evansville, IN.-based company announced that construction of its fiber network in these markets is now underway, with connections to homes and businesses expected to begin soon.
MetroNet has worked closely with LeSueur County officials to utilize funding available through the CARES Act, which has provided local governments with financial support during COVID-19. MetroNet service will help to ensure that the community has quicker access to gigabit speeds and future-proof services for fiber internet, phone and IPTV. Residents may confirm that their address will be serviceable and view services and pricing at www.MetroNetInc.com
"We are very excited to provide these communities with fiber-to-the-home services," stated Albert Brand, MetroNet's area Market Manager. "The cities of Le Sueur County, Mn. have been great partners through this process. Barbara Kline and Carl Menk of the Le Sueur County Commission have worked with us closely to set up the infrastructure that will be the foundation for extremely fast, reliable fiber optic internet."
"The residents and businesses of Le Sueur County were left behind with access to DSL and satellite services. The community was struggling to keep up with surrounding communities who had access to higher-speeds," Brand said. "At MetroNet, we were proud to partner with city officials to bring this community cutting-edge fiber optic communication system, which will enhance the quality of life in the areas of education, retention and economic development."
As MetroNet finalizes the installation of their fiber optic network, making these communities Gigabit Cities, customers in the construction areas are likely seeing MetroNet vehicles in their neighborhoods. Residents have received communication by mail about construction activity in their neighborhood 30 days prior to starting. MetroNet has provided additional messaging, such as yard signs, to let residents know when the temporary construction process is beginning in their neighborhood. MetroNet crews are marked by ID tags and branded vehicles.
High-resolution photos, including examples of neighborhood markers and construction communication pieces available upon request.
About MetroNet:
MetroNet is a 100 percent Fiber Optic Company headquartered in Evansville, Indiana. The customer-focused company provides cutting-edge fiber optic communication services, including high-speed Fiber Internet, full-featured Fiber Phone, and Fiber IPTV with a wide variety of programming. MetroNet started in 2005 with one fiber optic network in Greencastle, Indiana, and has since grown to serving and constructing networks in over 100 communities across Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, Kentucky, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio and Florida. MetroNet is committed to bringing state-of-the-art telecommunication services to communities— services that are comparable or superior to those offered in large metropolitan areas. MetroNet has been named in the top 50 small and medium companies on Glassdoor and has been honored with a Glassdoor Employees' Choice Award | 633 |
JV Office is a project for<|fim_middle|> visibility.
A very specific table which would be used as a workstation was designed to maintain the fluidity of the huge space by multiplying as well as a typical grid layout, without the monotony. The office has a large terrace, which is developed as an undulating garden with various informal sitting areas for the staff to relax or dine in.
Materiality plays an important place in the design. The entire office has only shades of white, grey and brown. The more private the space is, the more white it is, while the more public the space is, the more grey it is. The brown wooden elements run through all the spaces connecting all the parts. | a private office of a chartered accountant in Vapi, Gujarat. The project began with the client needing an office which was not just like any other series of workstations. From that note, the office developed into a space with as minimal partitions as possible and the ones that are there, are also there simply to create quiet zones without reducing the | 69 |
I've spent the last week in my hometown of Ann Arbor, Michigan. I'm heading back to Minneapolis today, but I have had a great time visiting family and friends here. I've been staying with my parents, in the house where I grew up, which means I've spent quite a bit of time sitting in a great deal of my own history.
One of my tasks for this trip was to start going through my early life possessions to make some decisions about what I'd like to keep around. My parents have kept the overwhelming majority of the artwork, report cards, and various things I created or received during my youth. It has been quite an experience opening up the big tupperware storage containers and going through piece by piece.
Sorting through, it's nice to think back and remember periods of my life associated with the things I'm finding. It's really the reminder of the memory itself that feels much more significant than the physical thing that cues it. While the past can't be changed, it is important–it holds a great deal of value in what we can learn from it. Whether good or bad, it's all a part of the journey that we can reflect back upon to better ourselves going forward.
One of the more interesting things that I found is my elementary and middle school report<|fim_middle|> look for better solutions.
That must have been a trip to go through that kind of stuff. I think my mom kept my high school notebooks around for awhile (where I used to write down fake band names on the inside front cover), but eventually they moved and just threw everything out. Darn! But…I do remember I struggled a lot in 4th grade and have to have my parents sign off on my homework every night. They were told, "Tonya is a daydreamer." Funny because i think being a daydreamer has served me in my creativity in my career, but in school…I guess that's a different story!
So well said! Thank for sharing!
Also, when I did a similar endeavor at my dad's house, they were amazed at how little I actually chose to keep. I looked over it all, shared some memories as I went, but all in all, I hadn't missed the items so why take them on now? Obviously a very different mindset than my parents. Karen told me that she'd just go through the bags of things after I went through them, to keep any of the "still good" stuff that I had just opted to let go of. So… what was the point of doing it, then? I guess it's her "stuff" now.
LOL. You should have read "The life changing magic of tidying up" by Marie Kondo before you went to your parents. One of her lessons is to never let anyone see what you are getting rid of for the exact reason you went through. Good book and very popular right now.
A very interesting read and I can agree and empathise completely.
Isn't it funny how we can look back at our past, especially into our school days and see the major influences for our current selves. I am all to aware of this for my kids.
I can't remember how long ago it was when I looked at old school reports and projects that have been stored in my parents loft/attic since I finished my younger education, but they are still very telling for me. Comments like: has a good brain, when he applies himself he has excellent aptitude, needs to try harder, he is not reaching his potential, expecting great things of him, often off with flights of fantasy, needs to focus on what is important, amongst others.
I do think the education 'system' completely failed me (not the teachers or the school) but the system. I would like to think that if I grew up in 2016 that it would have been different, with all the knowledge for example, that you are offering. But, sadly I think it isn't there still and might actually be worse with all the digital and instant distraction there is. I can look back now with the level of wisdom gained from my 36 years, and can see how my life has been heavily influenced from those days, and also how my current life/self/purpose questioning has been hindered in a way from that period.
That two phrases stick out to me: 'reach his full potential', this rings around in my ears a lot, but just like I didn't understand what they meant in the 90's, I am still trying work it out now in 2016, 20's since graduation from high school. I feel that I am operating no where near my true potential.
The other was, 'prone to flights of fantasy' as if this was a bad thing. Imagination and creativity was not promoted when I was at school, what i wanted to do as my subjects to study at 15/16 years old weren't available because they were all grouped together in the same option box, therefore I could only pick one. I was forced into subject areas that turned me off from learning and I believe created the habits I have for avoidance and reduced attention. It is also why I feel very much in conflict between what I am currently doing and this passion for something more creative.
Another great blog post Anthony. Another thought provoking look into our own selves through the eyes of yourself.
Hey Buddy!, I found this information for you: "How An Early Failure Jumpstarted My Intentional Living Journey". Here is the website link: https://www.breakthetwitch.com/sixth-grade/. Thank you. | cards. Although they're nearly two decades old, they are telling of my current path.
The particular time of transitioning from elementary school to middle school was a difficult one for me. To this day, I don't know the root cause, but sixth grade was likely the worst year of my youth.
To be frank, I failed, and I failed hard.
Within a few weeks of classes starting, the anxiety I felt was overwhelming. I had such a strong reaction that I would actually throw up upon entering the school building. In the first semester of that year, I didn't receive a single passing grade in any one of my six classes. With the gracious help of my parents, teachers, and school administrators, it took almost the entire year to help me come back from that rough start.
Looking back through my elementary school notes, there is some foreshadowing from the prior years. I noticed a recurring theme when it came to assessments from my teachers.
Who knows exactly why I had the difficulties I did, but I might guess that the increased need for organization and focus caused a lot of the anxiety at that point in my life. Having to manage moving between classes, a tight schedule, and homework from multiple teachers probably didn't help.
The thing is, this is still long before the days of always-on computing, mobile devices, and all of the potential distractions they bring. If I wanted to browse the web, I had to boot up a computer, spend a minute or two dialing up, and browse at a painfully slow pace. It was a different time in our world, and things have gotten infinitely more instant and impulse-encouraging since then.
For the last eighteen years, my life has been a constant journey of finding balance, seeking greater alignment with my intentions, and designing my environment to succeed. Technology continues to develop and provide more tools for us to use in our everyday lives, and I'm grateful for that. I can't imagine where I'd be without the benefits that many modern conveniences provide.
I often wonder where I'd be if I still had to file important documents in physical folders, or depend on notebooks to track my goals. Overall, technology has had a resoundingly positive affect on my life.
In looking at these old report cards and teacher's notes, I'm fully realizing why minimalism, intentional living, and aligning daily action with long-term vision has resonated so deeply. For the same reasons, talking about this journey and sharing it with you is one of the most meaningful aspects of my life.
While today I am less distractible, less impulsive, (and I'd say still pretty darn pleasant), I'm still that eleven-year-old who couldn't quite pay attention in fifth grade. It may not be who I am, but it is a part of how I got to be who I am now. While we should not define ourselves by our past, it is still part of how we become who we are in the present.
Had it not been such a rough year for me, I doubt I would have continuously sought solutions to the struggles and anxiety that I felt. At the same time, it is that distractibility, perhaps disorganization, the very things that technology can help, that allows it to take over our lives if we're not careful. A continuous balance is how we can ensure that we are benefitting from all it has to offer, while keeping an intentional relationship simultaneously.
For me, this is why I write, why I make videos and talk about the things I do. It is minimalism and the pursuit of intentional living that have allowed me to focus, allowed me to create, and complete. It is removing the distractions in my life that has allowed me to truly align with my values.
Despite what anyone may think, we all have unique abilities, stories to share, and amazing things to create. While we can't control the genes that nature gave us, we can work to nurture ourselves using the resources available to us–it is our prerogative to do so.
So that's why I'm here. To share and reflect upon my own learning and personal growth in hopes that it is helpful in your own journey. It means the world to me that you're here, and I truly appreciate the time we share along the way.
When I was in elementary and middle school, many of my teachers commented on my ADHD, how I was "daydreaming, not focused on class lessons". It's weird because I hated having it so much but looking back I realize it's what (and still does) make me curious about things and longing to | 933 |
Colorado state university horticulture
The Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture encourages human engagement with the landscape and demonstrate our focus to solve problems for people, agriculture, and the environment through scholarship and creativity fostered by teamwork and individual diversity. Minimum PTE score for admission without condition isBusiness management, Production, Operations, Account management, Entrepreneurship, Landscape management and Project management opportunities in the Green industry. Listings 1 Courses. Duration Format : NA. Deadline : NA.
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WATCH RELATED VIDEO: Fall Gardening Tips from Colorado State University
Like pioneers in the earliest days of our nation, 36 students and three faculty members ventured west to Fort Collins, Colorado, and scaled the Great Rocky Mountains. Except this snowshoe trek was an early team building exercise to inspire and refocus before participating in the 44th National Collegiate Landscape Competition hosted by Colorado State University. The National Collegiate Landscape Competition unites over students from 64 colleges and universities with green career, industry and manufacturer leaders.
For five full days of spectacular coordinated events filled with competitions, workshops, exhibits and a career fair with over companies recruiting. The competition includes 29 individual and team events in all aspects of landscape horticulture.
Each year local green industry leaders and alumni partner with the Department of Horticultural Science students to further train and prepare for the national event. Leading up to the conference, students learn industry techniques ranging from business management, arboriculture techniques, and skid steer operation to sales presentation, wood construction, and landscape plant installation leading up to the conference. Through the competition, career fair and exposure to the multi-facets of the industry, the event helped frame the possibilities of their future careers.
Many students return home with the possibility of internships and jobs along with scholarships and prize money.
Chase Southerland, a Agriculture Institute Graduate and one of our Department of Horticultural Science champions, shared more about his experience and why participating in the National Collegiate Landscape Competition was a pinnacle of his education.
I just graduated from the Agricultural Institute with a degree in agribusiness management and a degree in horticulture landscape and ornamentals. While preparing for the competition in Colorado, I found myself studying control patterns for the various setups of modern-day backhoes. I also spent a lot of time operating equipment to get the feel of the machinery that I would be competing with. But what I found most helpful was spending the few days before the competition to study the layout of the machinery, as well as watch other people operating the equipment with the one test run allotted for each competitor.
There are so many great people that came to this event from all over, with many new ideas that I could learn from. The experience was like no other. The coolest horticulture-related things that I learned while on the trip was the number of diverse plants and landscapes that Colorado possesses. Climates vary, giving way to diverse ecosystems. Soil compositions are expansive, allowing everything from hardy<|fim_middle|> signing an agreement to create a state-of-the-art LED-lighted education, research and training horticulture facility at CSU. It was the relocation of the greenhouses at the W. The partnership will allow the two entities to perform collaborative research and focused cultivation studies to validate and innovate around the application of advanced LED lighting for horticultural activity. This research is anticipated to optimize desired plant characteristics, including the nutritional value of city farm produced foods, irrigation strategies, climate impact, soil conditions, thermal effects, year-round production, greenhouse food, hops, floriculture and turf, while dramatically reducing the power consumption of the lighting component to indoor growth facilities. A ribbon-cutting event will be held to celebrate the partnership and the opening of the new facility.
West Pottawattamie County Extension brings the University to you! Search Catalog. You may recognize us by some of our earlier names: Home Tennessee 4-H is a youth development program of the University of Tennessee and Tennessee State University. Browse our online courses.
Watch the video: Colorado State University College of Agricultural Sciences Introduction
Colorado state university horticulture... | trees in the rocky clay-like mountains to soft tender succulents surviving in arid sun-baked flatlands.
Denver Botanical Gardens helped me to realize this. Individual results Ashley Kendall troubleshooting an irrigation system. Anna Dixon scaling a tree.
More From Horticultural Science. Marlee Trandel: Research with Heart.
The Colorado State University College of Agricultural Sciences includes five academic departments [2] and offers nine undergraduate majors with many concentration options [3] as well as multiple graduate degree programs. They also provide extension and participate in engagement in agricultural sciences and landscape architecture. The College is organized into five academic departments: [2]. The College offers many concentration options in the following nine majors: [3]. Students can also take several online courses offered by the faculty in the College of Agricultural Sciences and can earn undergraduate degrees in agricultural sciences online [5] including programs in:. Faculty in the College of Agricultural Sciences also train in cross-campus graduate degree programs, including training for M. Multiple graduate courses are offered online by faculty in the College of Agricultural Sciences.
Bush and M. Bob holds degrees in forestry from Penn State and University of and can help create and improve wildlife Tree Seedlings at Colorado State.
Benefactors can designate their donations to one of the five areas of Extension. The farm located in a community in what has been called a food desert. A representative stakeholder committee has been assembled to assist the DACF with … We want to prevent any losses by getting the word out now. Chats are held by Zoom internet or by telephone. By doing so, the library is a member of the central library district, and is the only horticulture library in the state! This is a unique distinction, and a wonderful incentive to allow the library to be The AHS mission is to educate and inspire people of all ages to become successful and environmentally responsible gardeners by advancing the art and science of horticulture. Horticulture in the City of Portland Maine. Midcoast Campus 29 Sewall Street, Brunswick, Maine For more information call Horticulture and Outdoor Recreation covers a lot of ground in careers relating to commercial landscaping, food based hydroponics, arboriculture tree care , forestry, canoeing, outdoor survival, hunting, fishing, and guiding. In , 58 Horticulture students graduated with students earning 32 Bachelor's degrees, 20 Certificates, 4 Master's degrees, and 2 Doctoral degrees. These exclusive teaching jobs and other school jobs feature detailed information about each job and the employer.
Within Florida, each county Extension office chooses whether it wishes to participate in the Master Gardener Volunteer program. Our flexible study options mean you can choose to study from home or attend class-based courses. You will explore the environmental parameters of your garden e. The qualification is recognised by the Chartered Institute of Horticulture. Prerequisite: junior standing.
The assistant professor of controlled environmental horticulture runs the floriculture practicum, which teaches students how to grow the fickle plants each fall. Each student starts out with 50 plants from one poinsettia cultivar.
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They decided that the land on which the year-old W. Holley Plant Environment Research Center resided was the perfect location for the new stadium. There is also a 3-acre outdoor area for plant trials. The university facilities team that I worked with to design and build the center was awesome. It is equipped with Ludvig Svensson retractable heat curtains and Wadsworth Control vents, Modine Effinity 93 natural gas unit heaters and American Coolair fan boxes.
We are the state's largest system of higher education, serving more than , students annually at 13 colleges and over 35 locations across Colorado. About.
Has a crisp, tender, sweet tart and strawberry like flavor. Accordingly, today's family orchards should be planned and managed differently. Short Course.
RELATED VIDEO: Touring the First Year Veterinary Facilities for the Professional Veterinary Medicine Program -
Search Products:. Botany and plant pathology oregon state. Coverage Dates: - present. Oregon State University continues to advance its year mission to provide access to a high-quality education as Oregon's largest and only statewide public research university. Professor, Senior Research, Soil Biology. Chandra-Shekara, Duroy Navarre, Aardra Kachroo The student experience at Oregon State extends well beyond the classroom — with multiple opportunities to grow, explore and achieve.
Telephone: Fax:Providing the State of Oregon with extension education in plant pathology is a major service mission.
Colorado State University and Philips Lighting have forged a long-term collaborative partnership by | 966 |
Private view: Fad or fabric? (with Ben Mooge and Laurent Simon)
Ben Mooge
Executive creative director, Havas London
In the days when William Caxton's Campaign was actually printed, there were only four or five campaigns to be tenuously strung together by the lazy Private Viewer. Now, dear reader, I have to find a tenuous theme to link all 10 pieces of work. So, without further ado, let's play "fad or fabric?"
In this new, wonderful<|fim_middle|> me look forward to the first AI Private View. Maybe for August 2019?
In the meantime, merry August everyone!
Comparethemarket.com "Meerkat meals" by VCCP
Nike Football "Believe as one" by Wieden & Kennedy
BBC One "Oneness" by BBC Creative
Women's Equality Party "Thank you Trump" by Now | , ever-temporary reality of Instagram Stories, Twitter tantrums and marketing landfill, evolved ephemeral advertising has finally found its natural habitat. We are here today, gone tomorrow. FCK.
And yet this month's campaigns conveniently arrange themselves into being either a long-term fabric of British society or a fad. For the record, I have no axe to grind with fads.
First, the fabric. A much celebrated, unique, long-lasting British institution that's under threat of closure from the mismanagement of an unsympathetic government. But enough about the Britain's Beer Alliance campaign, which I couldn't possibly comment on, what about those poor fuckers in the NHS?
God, I love NHS England. It's saved my mum, my nephew, Richard Bacon and everyone else I care about. And this celebration of its 70 years is worthy, celebratory, well shot and. And. And. You can't criticise the NHS. But. I wish it hadn't gone ever-so-slightly private with this one. It's all a bit neat. A bit clean for a genuine slice of societal fabric. Danny Boyle made the point with much more impact six years ago.
The England team. Waistcoated fabric of the bloody nation. Tripz. Pickz. JLingz. Inflatable Unicornz. But too soon, Nike Football, too soon. They may be the future, yes, but the chance was then, on that side of the draw with a bloody semi-final against Croatia FFS. Aaaargh, Nike, it still hurts. Yes. It actually did come home, of course it did. And I bloody love them. But this doesn't make me feel better.
Unfortunately, another fabric of UK football culture is domestic violence. For my money, this ad is the pick of the bunch. Could have been crass but is arresting AF, with some elegant media strategy to boot. The National Centre for Domestic Violence stopped me in my tracks. Hopefully, that's not all it stops.
The other fabric finalist is, obviously, BBC One. What great bloody work the BBC has been turning out recently: the Christmas ad, its (whisper it) NHS 70th spot and these idents. It's obvious but it's right. The Martin Parr not-so-still lives are the right mirror for Auntie to be staring into – and it looks like 4Creative finally has some competition.
Finishing off the first half, two final fabrics woven into British culture. First up, Aleksandr, the Russian lad with the durability, endless energy and many tournaments under his belt. Comparethemarket.com has moved out of the group stage and into the nonsense knock-out phase; the delicious meerkat restaurant phase. Who am I to question the flogging of a dead mongoose when it's still quite funny?
Injury time. HSBC. The bank that likes to say "Together we thrive", that lucky dip of words pulled from the strategy tombola. But the corridor of speedy boarding is slowly grinding to a halt. Where once there was media space innovation, now there is lazy fabric. Seems like the very definition of an open goal missed.
Now the fads. The evolved ephemeral advertising. The slowest moving fad of all, the Donald, gets one barrel, rather than both, from the Women's Equality Party. It's fine. There's nice writing. Just nice. But there were countless examples of even finer "concepting" on the placards at the anti-Trump march. If ever there was a case for seeking diverse voices from outside the industry, the "amateur" sign writers are a recruitment strategy with their hands up.
Huawei has placed its creative judgement in the hands of artificial intelligence. It could be seen as a fad but who am I to question the inevitable rise of our AI overlords?
Lastly it's Bombay Sapphire and "a live art experience celebrating the creativity of making cocktails". Evolved ephemeral advertising brilliance or marketing landfill? I couldn't possibly comment. Oh.
Fabric beats fads in the third-place play-off.
Laurent Simon
Executive creative director, BBC Creative
August – formerly known as Sextilis – is one of my favourite words. Probably because, where I grew up, the country shuts down for the whole 31 days. That's two more weeks than at Christmas, which meant that, in my eyes, Santa was always better suited with Philippe Phillop than Dasher or Rudolph.
Fittingly, it is widely assumed that the BBC has a bit of a French outlook as far as August is concerned. The difference being, while my fellow countrymen and women are gagging to leave the gulag to go and glug, glug, glug on the Riviera, some of my colleagues fly to Puglia and Tuscany.
So let's see who's checked in and checked out, shall we?
The first destination is actually home: the BBC One idents.
I've never been a fan of a staycation so, obviously, I'll stay clear of that one.
But if you want to see the Oneness Project in its full attire, check out the National Portrait Gallery early next year.
Next is someone not everyone wished to see at home. "Thank you Trump" for the Women's Equality Party. A very of-the-moment campaign made by an aptly named agency. Like most participation ideas, its real power sits in the streets and online. Gets my vote.
One that didn't come home but chose neighbouring shores instead is football. "Believe as one" for Nike Football might not be the home run we are so often accustomed to seeing from Nike. However, this 60-second ad is the fruit of only a week's work. From briefing to play out. Get that team a trophy.
The next stop is just round the corner: the public house. I love pubs. A) Because my living room can't host all my thirsty friends and their kids. B) Because it's always been a dream of mine to convert one. Lots of space. Basement. Fireplace. Garden. Beautiful windows. And a couple of hanging baskets if you live in the right postcode.
Beyond the valiant effort here for Britain's Beer Alliance, I'm saddened to see that there's a need for the brief to exist in the first place. It is the French equivalent of petitioning for patisseries. (There are riots in croissants BTW). Luckily, if there's one sport we're good at – besides scoring – that's striking. Everyone does it. Even our football team did it.
More booze. I wasn't shaken by Bombay Sapphire's "Canvas", I must admit.
We're now off to the restaurant with "Meerkat meals" from Comparethemarket.com.
The campaign says that it's been 10 years since the Russian mongoose landed in Britain. That's more than 50 in meerkat years! Forget the Sardinia or Okinawa diets – I'll have what he's having.
The National Centre for Domestic Violence campaign fills me with satisfaction.
Satisfaction that the state of print or poster advertising is a non-issue. Creatives can make anything work. After Brexit, I even reconsidered the power of bus-side advertising.
Satisfaction that the work was – rightfully – a team effort from both genders.
Satisfaction that the issue is being brought to the public's attention time and time again.
Our next stop is an NHS England hospital with "We are the NHS". Beautifully shot. The NHS staff does a fantastic job and will always deserve to be celebrated.
We're now at the airport, thanks to HSBC. Brilliant bit of media planning – the brand is always everywhere. When I first came to Blighty, I even thought HSBC was an airline. This particular campaign is the biggest to date. It's hard not to make global ads feel dated.
Last, we've boarded for foreign territories and it's all about snaps. Huawei's campaign is a winner for me. It's a great product demonstration – innovative, beautifully simple, right for the audience – and is on the right path to start shifting perceptions. Honda did it brilliantly before Huawei. I hope it is as good as it describes it because this campaign is making | 1,696 |
What Nick Saban said after Alabama's 42-3 victory
Well, I think the goal that we had for this game was to try to reestablish our identity as a team in terms of the discipline that we played with and the kind of toughness and accountability, and everybody putting the team first. I thought we got off to a little bit of a slow start in terms of our ability to execute, but not because of lack of effort or attitude, and I think as the game went on, we played better and better as the game went on.
Obviously I thought offensively, once we got going, we executed fairly well. I thought Tua played really well. I think 3rd down was a big difference in the game. We actually were 6 for 9 in the first half on 3rd down, which kept a lot of drives going, and the key to it on defense was we got some 4th down stops when we got off the field on 3rd down. I think they were 3 for 12 or whatever. It's a good win for us.
I don't think one game sort of reestablishes anything. I think you've got to do it over time, and I think you have to do it as a team, and everybody has got to buy into it, and hopefully this group has been good that way, and we certainly hope we can continue to improve and build on what we did out there tonight.
There's obviously a lot of things that we can improve on, and that's certainly what we'll focus on here in the week to come.
Q. Just wanted your opinion on how overall the offensive line played. NICK SABAN: Well, we knew this was going to be a difficult task for us up front. This team is a little quicker and do a lot of stunting and plugging backers, which we knew would cause some problems for us in the running game. We thought they may give us some negative plays, but we also thought we might fit some runs. I would say that we need to do better up front, probably on a consistent basis. I think pass protection was pretty good for the most part, and we were able to operate and get the ball in a lot of playmakers' hands on the perimeter, and that was the difference in the game. You know, there's obviously things that I'm sure when we watch the film we're going to -- every player is going to say we could do better, and I don't think it'll be any different up front.
Q. How do you feel Tua did, and secondly, your freshman kicker, how did you think he did? NICK SABAN: Well, first of all, Tua I thought played really well in the game because he took what the defense gave. There was a couple times that he probably could have thrown the ball when he handed it off, probably down and distance wise, and it was probably one of the worst things we did is have 2nd and 1 about three minutes to go in the half, not be able to convert on 3rd and 1 after a bad play on 2nd and 1 and gave them the ball back and went two-minute and you never want to give the other team the ball back. Whether you score or not, you don't want to give the other team the ball back before the half. That was probably something not great we did on offense, not necessarily Tua's fault. I thought he played well in the game. He usually plays well when he's patient and takes what the defense gives, so I was pleased.
And Will? Will did great. He kicked a lot of touchbacks, which shows his leg strength. I think he hit both field goals that he hit, he really hit well. It's a little unlucky that both of them hit the pole, but hopefully he'll be able to gain confidence and improve on that in the future.
Q. Talking about that slow start, will that be something at the beginning of the season that you attribute to chemistry and timing? NICK SABAN: Well, I think their defense was playing really well. But I also think that we were probably not firing on all cylinders for whatever reasons. Maybe a little anxious for some of the new players. And you know what, a couple players that weren't playing early in the game, so we had some young players playing at some positions. But first-game jitters. I'm not making excuses for anybody. We need to be able to start fast and finish strong, and we'll certainly look into it. But I'm sure that when we look at the film, it's going to be because of a lack of execution, whether it's fundamental footwork or however we blocked people or didn't block people. And you know, as the game wore on, I thought we did a little better job of that.
Q. Just your immediate reaction to (indiscernible) how they handled the moment? NICK SABAN: Well, I think they did a good job. There was a couple things that we sort of made some errors on, but for the most part, for the first game, for both of these guys, both being true freshmen, I thought they made a lot of good plays. You know, we got some things thrown at us early in the game that was totally different, sort of a double wing almost wishbone type stuff. We had never practiced that before. But they<|fim_middle|> are having fun. So the guy intercepts the ball and everybody jumps up and down on the sidelines and we get a flag. So my reaction to that was, the kids are having fun. But I deserved it. I'm not making any excuses for it. It's the first time it's happened. I don't remember the last time it happened, but it's been a long time. But I'll learn something from that, too. | did a good job adapting with the run reads, and they did a pretty good job in coverage for the most part. I'm sure that there's going to be a lot of things that we're all going to learn from from this experience, but I was pretty pleased for the first time out.
Q. (Indiscernible) what did you think of that match-up? NICK SABAN: I'm sorry, I don't understand the question.
Q. (Indiscernible) what kind of match-up did that present to Duke, and why do you think it worked for you? NICK SABAN: Well, they're a 4-2-5 team, which means they play nickel all the time. Sometimes when you have the ability to play bigger guys on the edges, it is helpful. But that's something that we've always done. I think that's an area of our team that we definitely need to continue to improve, the tight end position, because we don't have really much experience at that position. So hopefully we'll be able to continue to utilize those things and play a physical style up front that we'd like to be able to play, which we did at times today, but at times we weren't what we needed to be.
Q. Any update on Jerry? NICK SABAN: Jerry is fine. He just had some cramps. I think Emil probably has a little bit of a knee injury. I don't think it's a real bad thing. He may be out for a week or two. But I don't think it's something really bad. It's something that he's had before. Most of the time those things are not that significant. But we'll get him an MRI and check him out and make sure.
Q. Could you please comment on the play calling that Sark did and how (indiscernible)? NICK SABAN: Well, I think that Sark did a good job in the game. You never know how first games are going to go. I think we started out a little bit maybe trying to run the ball and then we just decided, hey, the way they're playing, we're going to have to throw the ball on 1st down and get the ball to our playmakers' hands on the perimeter and make them play on the perimeter, and when we started doing that, I think that those guys made a lot of plays, and Jerry obviously played well in the game, but we think we have four or five guys at that position that can make plays, and hopefully we'll utilize all their skill sets here in the games to come.
Q. What happened on the play where you got the 15-yard penalty? NICK SABAN: Undisciplined. You know, one of the things that we wanted to establish here was discipline, and the coach did a poor job in his leadership of setting a good example for how you're supposed to be disciplined. But I guess my reaction was, you know, the kids | 621 |
Pole vaulter Joe Ive (Belgrave Harriers), who will make his international debut next week at the European Under 23 Championships in Hungary, was<|fim_middle|> Barnet) 751; 8 Gary White (Cardiff AAC) 705; 9 Denae Matthew (Leicester Coritanian) 699; 10 Gillian Kerr (Edinburgh AC) 698.
The 16 events – British League and UK Women's League matches, the first BMC Nike Grand Prix and UK Athletics Endurance Initiative meeting of the summer, Norwich Union England Athletics Under 23 Championships, territorial championships, Bedford International Games and the JumpsFest – attracted 818 male competitors and 752 females.
A total of 92 of them – 39 men and 53 women – achieved Power of 10 national standards introduced by UK Athletics and its governing partners to provide stepping stones to improvements in every event in every region in every region.
Of the 564 personal bests, 304 were achieved by men and 260 by women. | today confirmed by UK Athletics as the latest UK Challenge Athlete of the Month.
The Challenge offers athletes prizes according to the points earned by the standard of their performances as part of UKA's campaign to help more athletes rise to international standards on the way to London 2012 – and Ive's rewards are an addidas kit package and a bottle of Heidsieck & Co Monopole Champagne.
He accumulated 943 points in June. The month's top 10 was completed by: 2 Susan Moncrieff (Trafford AC) 820 points; 3 Julian Golley (Windsor, Slough, Eton and Hounslow) 796; 4 Rachel Gibbens (Marshall Milton Keynes) 790; 5 Louise Butterworth (Birchfield Harriers) 786; 6 Adam Scarr (Enfield and Haringey) 770; 7 Nadia Williams (Shaftesbury | 209 |
Comparative Studies 1100 Introduction to the Humanities: Cross-Cultural Perspectives
Multiple Sections
Explores the role of literature and the arts in constructing, maintaining, and questioning the values and beliefs of diverse cultures and historical<|fim_middle|> including post-colonialism, modernization, and globalization. Cross-listed in IntStds.
Comparative Studies 5957.01 Comparative Folklore: Folklore in Circulation
TOPIC : Cultures of Waste and Recycling 34274
This course explores the notion of the residual: what is left over, useless, unclassifiable. We'll consider processes of symbolic classification through which phenomena can be labelled as out of place or out of phase. We will explore the customary management of communal resources, both human and material, in scarce-resource societies. We'll examine the creation of waste (and its converse, deprivation) with the codification of custom in modernity, and look at strategies by which waste is recuperated as a matter of necessity, aesthetics, or ideology. We'll look at how different kinds of leftover move in and out of systems of value: for example, the labelling of things as "junk" or "antiques," people as "trash," or ideas as "folklore." Throughout, we'll think about the status of residues in social and cultural theory. | periods; topics vary. GE Literature and Diversity: Global Studies. Honors version.
*Other sections of 1100 can be found on buckeye link
Comparative Studies 2099 Questions in Comparative Studies
Mo 5:20PM – 6:15PM | Hagerty Hall 451| Isaac Weiner
This course offers an introduction to the Comparative Studies major. It is designed to help students to take advantage of curricular, research, and advising opportunities; to manage the particular challenges of independent and interdisciplinary work; to link classroom work to social and political engagement with relevant communities; and to prepare for life after graduation. This course is graded S/U.
Comparative Studies 2101 Literature and Society
TuTh 9:35AM-10:55AM | Baker Systems 180 | Theresa Delgadillo
This course explores the relationship between literature and society by studying texts that either address social and political themes or imagine individuals defined, constrained or enmeshed in social and political systems. We will read literature (novel, poetry, memoir) and view films created by Latina/o, African American, Asian American, American Indian, and Muslim American authors and filmmakers that engage U.S., hemispheric, and global social, cultural, and political contexts. In our study of literature and film, we will pay attention, in equal measure, to, on the one hand, form, shape, language, structure; and, on the other hand, context and content, because both are relevant to deciphering the social engagements of a text. Questions we might pursue include: How do we weigh individual interests, desires and needs against those of social groups or society generally? Is writing a social or political act? Does society grant the same privileges and opportunities to all? What is social? What is political? What is literary?
GE lit and diversity global studies
Comparative Studies 2103 Literature and the Self
TuTh 3:55PM-5:15PM | University Hall 038 | Leighla Khansari
Study of relationships between psychology and literature; analysis of psychological concepts and processes as represented in literature and film of diverse cultures and historical periods. GE Literature and Diversity: Global Studies.
Comparative Studies 2104 Literature, Science, and Technology
WeFr 11:10AM - 12:30PM | Arps Hall 388 | Nancy Jesser
Study of relationships among literature, science, and technology; analysis of representations of science and technology in literature and film of diverse cultures and historical periods.
Prereq: English 1110 (110) or equiv. Not open to students with credit for 2104H (204H) or 204. GE lit and diversity global studies course.
Comparative Studies 2105 Literature and Ethnicity
WeFr 12:45PM-2:05PM | McPherson Lab 1035 | Kwaku Korang
Study of relationships between literature and ethnicity; analysis of concepts of ethnicity as represented in literature and film of diverse cultures and historical periods.
GE Literature and Diversity: Social Diversity in the U.S.
Comparative Studies 2220 Introduction to South Asain Studies
TBA | TBA | Ila Nager
A multi-disciplinary introduction to South Asia's geographical, political, cultural, and religious contexts and connections.
Prereq: English 1110 (110) or equiv. Not open to students with credit for ArtsSci 265 or NELC 2220. Cross-listed in NELC. GE cultures and ideas and diversity global studies course.
Comparative Studies 2264 Introduction to Popular Culture Studies
MWF 12:40PM-1:35PM | Journalism Building 139 | Alexandra Sterne
This course introduces students to the major arguments, concerns, and theories involved in the critical study of popular culture while actively discussing contemporary events, from Taylor Swift to Black Lives Matter. Far from a trivial or superficial matter, critical engagement with popular culture is essential because it provides unique insights into how we construct and understand the human experience.
In addition to understanding the parameters and arguments involved in the field, students will learn some of the methods used by pop culture theorists so that students may demonstrate their own interpretations of current events and cultural productions. To this end, historical, social, and political contexts will be discussed in addition to theoretical and methodological texts. We will also be discussing a wide range of pop-culture phenomena, including television, film, music, social media, and current events. Finally, critical readings of pop culture objects will provide students with a variety of opportunities to engage with diverse issues that popular culture both reflects and constructs. Cross-listed in English. GE cultures and ideas course.
Comparative Studies 2281 American Icons
TuTh 3:55PM-5:15PM | McPherson Lab 1041 | Jason Payne
Interdisciplinary methods in American studies; emphasis on the plurality of identities in American culture. GE Cultures and Ideas and Diversity: Social Diversity in the US.
Comparative Studies 2301 Introduction to World Literature
TuTh 11:10AM-12:30PM | Hayes Hall 025 | Ashley Perez
What is "world literature"? Is it the "best of the best" of all the national literatures in the world? Works that people everywhere claim as their cultural inheritance? Is it what we call any literary work once it travels beyond the context in which it was originally written? Does world literature enrich our lives through cultural exchange? And what about the realities of writers in many parts of the world who can only access a significant audience by writing in English or producing works that "travel well" via translation?
We will tackle these questions through our discussion of literatures of the world in their historical and social contexts. We will read twentieth-century texts from the literary traditions of five geopolitical areas: the Middle East; Africa; Asia; Latin and Central America/the Caribbean; and Europe/North America. Student presentations will introduce additional examples of literary texts from different time periods.
In addition to engaged in-class and online discussion, course assignments include short papers and a presentation. All assignments will help you pursue the course goals and participate deeply in a community of learners.
Comparative Studies 2322 Introduction to Latino Studies
TuTh 9:35AM-10:55AM | Gateway Film Center House 1 | Frederick Aldama
Introduction to Latino studies; history, politics, and cultural production of Latino/a communities in the U.S. and its borderlands.
GE Cultures and Ideas and Diversity: Social Diversity in the US. Cross-listed in Spanish 2242.
Comparative Studies 2323 Introduction to American Indian Studies
TuTh 11:10AM-12:30PM | Mendenhall 131 | Daniel Rivers
Explores the legal, cultural, historic, and political foundations, experiences, and perspectives and futures of American Indians in the U.S.
Prereq: English 1110 or equiv. GE cultures and ideas and diversity soc div in the US course.
Comparative Studies 2341 Technology, Science, and Society
TuTh 12:40PM-1:35PM | Pomerene Hall 260 | David Horn
This course explores, from a variety of perspectives, the multiple relations among social and cultural formations, scientific and technical work, and the production and circulation of knowledge. Topics include the everyday life of the laboratory, the shifting boundaries of science and other ways of knowing, the political and ethical contours of scientific and technical work, and the social effects of scientific discourses and technological systems. This class fulfills the GE Cultures and Ideas and Diversity (Global Studies) requirements and the Professional Ethics requirement for the College of Engineering.
Comparative Studies 2350 Introduction to Folklore
TuTh 11:10AM-12:30PM | Cockins 218 | Rachel Hopkin
A general study of the field of folklore including basic approaches and a survey of primary folk materials: folktales, legends, folksongs, ballads, and folk beliefs. Prereq: English 1110 (110) or equiv. Not open to students with credit for English 2270 (270), or 2350H. GE cultures and ideas course. Cross-listed in English 2270.
Comparative Studies 2360 Introduction to Comparative Cultural Studies
WF 12:45PM-2:05PM | Knowlton Hall 195 | Franco Barchiesi
This course is an introduction to the interdisciplinary field of cultural studies, and it is the introductory course to the Cultural Studies track in the Department of Comparative Studies. Rather than a specific field, cultural studies is better thought of as an intellectual project that aims to examine cultural practices and their relationship to power, knowledge and identities, within particular political and social contexts. In addition to studying the genealogy, foundational themes, and methods of cultural studies, we have an extended section with a thematic emphasis on cultural critique outside the Western canon or post-Enlightenment humanism, such as postcolonial theory, Black cultural theory, and people-of-color feminism in their questioning of financial capitalism, performance, and consumer culture. A good deal of this course is about applying concepts to contemporary cultural texts, including films and written texts.
GE: Culture and Ideas
Comparative Studies 2367.02 US Latino/a Identity
TuTh 2:20PM - 3:40PM | Denney Hall 265 | Miranda Martinez
This is a writing intensive course that examines the formation and expression of Latino/a identity in the U.S. We will look at the impact of historical experiences, including patterns of (im)migration, socioeconomic and political incorporation on identity formation of major Latino/a groups: Chicano, Puerto Rican, Cuban and Dominican. We will use social science, as well as visual media, fiction and essays to examine the role of race, class and sexuality in identity construction and cultural expression. We also discuss questions related to the ambiguities and uncertainties related to U.S. Latinos/as: how do different Latino ethnicities at different times make sense of being "ni de aquí, ni de allá" (neither from here nor there)? How has urbanization and changing migrations patterns changed the expression and cultural impact of Latino/a identities? To what degree is there a corporate Latino/a identity? What is the cultural significance of racial and cultural hybridization on these identities, and is there such a thing as an "authentic" Latino/a identity? The course assignments will include an interview/observation exercise looking at Latino/a cultural incorporation in the central Ohio, Columbus area. GE Diversity: Social Diversity in the US; GE Writing and Communication, Level 2.
MoWeFr 1:05PM-2:45PM | Enarson 214 | Ryann Patrus
Role of science and technology in contemporary American society; their relationship to human values; sources of concern about their impact; evaluation of selected issues. GE Writing and Communication: Level 2 and Cultures and Ideas and Diversity: Social Diversity in the US. Honors version.
Comparative Studies 2367.07 Religious Diversity in the U.S.
MoWeFr 9:10AM-10:05AM | Hagerty 056 | Joanna Toy
Exploration of the concept of religious freedom and the position of minority religious groups in American society. GE Writing and Communication: Level 2 and Cultures and Ideas and Diversity: Social Diversity in the US.
Comparative Studies 2367.08 American Identity in the World
TuTh 2:20PM-3:40PM | Mendenhall 131 | Zeynep Aydogdu
American culture viewed from inside and from the perspective of foreign cultures, as seen in literature, film, art, music, journalism, folklore, and popular culture. GE Writing and Communication: Level 2 and Cultures and Ideas and Diversity: Social Diversity in the US. Honors version.
Comparative Studies 2864H Modernity and Postmodernity: Issues and Ideas
TuTh 12:45PM-2:05PM | Enarson 340 | Philip Armstrong
Examination of some of the defining ideas of modern thought and how those ideas have problematically affected modern life in both developed and developing countries.
GE Literature and Diversity: Global Studies.
Comparative Studies 3302 Translating Literature and Cultures
TuTh 2:20PM-3:40PM| Campbell Hall 119 | Gregory Jusdanis
Introduction to issues and problems inherent to translating literatures and cultures. GE Cultures and Ideas and Diversity: Global Studies.
Comparative Studies 3360 Introduction to Globalization and Culture
TuTh 2:20PM-3:40PM | Mendenhall Lab 185 | Nancy Jesser
The course introduces students to the histories and principle concepts and themes defining the discourses and practices of globalization. Through weekly readings, lectures, documentaries, and extensive class discussions, the course will cover a range of debates concerning the historical and contemporary meanings of globalization and its intersection with a number of related fields of research, including patterns of migration and trade routes; economics; political sovereignty, the nation-state, and global governance; NGOs and international organizations; cultural exchange, media, and telecommunications; religion; the environment; and global justice movements. We will also situate the weekly readings in relation to a range of material addressing global issues, as well as research sites that offer different ways of situating globalization in both historical and contemporary contexts. In this sense, we will be asking not only "what is globalization?" (Its meanings and thematic concerns. How is it represented historically?) but also "when is globalization?" (What are its origins? How do we begin to write its history?), "where is globalization? (How do we think the relation between the local, regional, and global? What are the geopolitical spaces of the global?), and "globalization for whom?" (Who experiences globalization and in what ways? Which voices speak for and against globalization?).
Comparative Studies 3603 Love in World Literature
MoWeFr 9:10AM - 10:05AM | Mendenhall Lab 125 | Sarah Dove
This course explores diverse formulations, presentations, and engagements with love in fiction, poetry, and visual forms. Underlying nearly every story of human relationships is a particular concept of what love is, and we will seek to articulate this idea, understand its complexity, and compare it to other conceptions in other texts. Through our explorations of literature, we will consider what makes love particular or universal to people and cultures, the extent to which love is described as spiritual as compared to animal, and the extent to which love reflects individual needs and drives or, alternatively, how it develops in response to community and tradition. We will also consider the influence of various notions (e.g., affection, friendship, attraction, sexuality, duty, kinship, community, religion, patriotism, power, and commodities) on how we—and the texts we read—construct love. This course requires engaged participation and demonstrated preparation and will engage students in a range of structures for discussion and collaboration. Assignments include several short response papers, an in-class analysis presentation, and a final course portfolio. GE Literature and Diversity: Global Studies.
Comparative Studies 3606 The Quest in World Literature
TuTh 9:35AM-10:55AM | Mendenhall 125 | Lucia Bortoli
Motif of the quest in world literature; physical and mental journeys as metaphors of personal transformation and salvation. GE Literature and Diversity: Global Studies.
Comparative Studies 3607 Film and Literature as Narrative Art
Mo 12:10PM-2:00PM WF 12:40PM-1:35PM | Mendenhall 131 | Susan Hanson
Relationships between film and literature; emergence of cinematic art as a form of representation with emphasis on diverse cultural traditions. GE Visual and Performing Arts and Diversity: Global Studies. Honors version.
Comparative Studies 3608 Representations of the Experience of War
MoWeFr 8:00AM-8:55AM | Mendenhall 125 | Susan Hanson
Representations of war in works of literature, religious texts, and film from diverse cultures and time periods. GE Literature and Diversity: Global Studies
Comparative Studies 3620 Everyday Life in South Asia
WFri 3:55PM-5:15PM | Hagerty Hall 042 | Ila Nager
Comparative Studies 3686 Cultural Studies of American Popular Music
TTh 12:45PM-2:05PM | Mendenhall Lab 115 | Barry Shank
Investigation of the social, political, and cultural contexts of the development of popular musics in the U.S. GE Visual and Performing Arts and Diversity: Social Diversity in the US.
Comparative Studies 3990 Approaches to Comparative Studies
TTh 2:20PM-3:40PM | Enarson 212 | David Horn
Introduces comparative studies majors to theoretical tools, methods of investigation, and key concepts in comparative studies research and scholarship. You must be a CompStd major or get the permission of instructor.
Comparative Studies 4921 Intersections: Approaches to Race, Gender, Class, and Sexuality
WeFr 9:35AM-10:55AM | Hale Hall 110B | Maurice Stevens
Examines intersections of race, gender, class, and sexuality in various sites within American culture (e.g., legal system, civil rights discourse, social justice movements). Prereq: One course in CompStd, WGSSt, or AfAmASt. Not open to students with credit for 545, AfAmAst 4921 (545), or WGSSt 4921 (545). Cross-listed in AfAmASt and WGSSt.
Comparative Studies 5957.01 Comparative Folklore: Folklore in Circulation, as Cultures of Waste and Recycling
Waste and Recyclin
Th 2:15PM-5:00PM | Journalism Building 291 | Dorothy Noyes
This course explores the notion of the residual: what is left over, useless, unclassifiable. We'll consider processes of symbolic classification through which phenomena can be labelled as out of place or out of phase. We will explore the customary management of communal resources, both human and material, in scarce-resource societies. We'll examine the creation of waste (and its converse, deprivation) with the codification of custom in modernity, and look at strategies by which waste is recuperated as a matter of necessity, aesthetics, or ideology. We'll look at how different kinds of leftover move in and out of systems of value: for example, the labelling of things as "junk" or "antiques," people as "trash," or ideas as "folklore." Throughout, we'll thinkabout the status of residues in social and cultural theory.
Religious Studies 2102.01 Literature and Religion
TuTh 2:20PM-3:40PM | Evans Lab 2001 | Michael Swartz
Can sacred scriptures be read as literature? Does a modern novel, poem, or film have religious meaning? Religious communities around the world use literature to convey messages about cosmology and morality, express their adherents' devotion to their divinities, or simply entertain. At the same time, modern "secular" books, poems, songs, and media have been deeply influenced by religions—even when their authors might dissent from their religious backgrounds. In Literature and Religion we will explore the many uses of literature in religious cultures, their functions, forms, and artistic styles. We will read ancient, modern, Western and non-Western myths and stories, prayers and poems, and listen to music and watch films that reflect and express religious ideas and images. Our readings will include selections in translation from the Bible and Bob Dylan, Hindu mythology and Bollywood films, the mystical Islamic poet Rumi, and modern writers from around the world.
Religious Studies 2102.02 Comparative Sacred Texts
TuTh 2:20PM-3:40PM | Ramseyer Hall 059 | Hugh Urban
This course will cover the sacred texts of a variety of religious traditions and the basic theories and methods for reading religious literature. We will examine texts not only from "mainstream" traditions such as Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Hinduism and Buddhism, but also materials from Native American traditions and from new religious movements such as Scientology and Wicca. Students will also be introduced to basic theoretical tools for reading and interpreting sacred texts from multiple perspectives. In addition to lectures, films, and in-class discussions, the class will include field trips to a variety of religious sites in central Ohio. GE Literature and Diversity: Global Studies.
*Students will also need to pick a recitation.
Religious Studies 4873 Contemporary Religious Movements in Global Context
TuTh 11:10AM-12:30PM | Baker Systems 180 | Hugh Urban
Examination of contemporary religious movements within the context of larger political, cultural, and economic processes, | 4,585 |
William M. Briggs
Statistician to the Stars!
Books & Free Class
Podcast & Videos
Scientific Truths Are Not Better Truths Than Just-Plain Truths
by BriggsPosted on May 20, 2012 May 20, 2012
One of the key fallacies of scientism, in the sense of being the most destructive to common sense and personal wellbeing, is to suppose that any theory put forth in the name of science is therefore true, or certain enough to believe as true. The posited theory is, after all, scientific and, so scientism says, there is no better recommendation to truth than this.
This fallacy is field dependent, cropping up in some areas much more frequently than in others. It is rare, though still frequent enough in a mild sense, to find the speculations<|fim_middle|> study the works of Karl Popper.
Sander van der Wal says:
@Ye Olde Statistican
What about light? Not some kind of body, so by your definition not part of he natural sciences.
@Will
Evolution can be used to make predictions. Breed some kind of animal or plant for a specific new niche by eliminating the animals that do not cope, and you will end up with an animal adapted to that new niche. At some point the animals will turn into a new species, i.e. they will not breed true with other animals, in particular with the ones of the kind they descended from. The prediction is that this proces will work, producing a new species adapted to that niche. And it is allowed for humans to do the selection, as the mechanism used in animals to evolve is the same mechanism used by Nature.
Bryant Poythress on The Religion Of Man Triumphant
DAV on Low-Hanging Molecules Have Already Been Picked—Most New Drugs Provide No Benefit
C-Marie on The Religion Of Man Triumphant
Peter Aiello on The Religion Of Man Triumphant
Joy on Low-Hanging Molecules Have Already Been Picked—Most New Drugs Provide No Benefit
Proudly powered by WordPress | Theme: Perennial by DesignOrbital. | of chemists being refuted each new generation. But it is common as daylight to find the hypotheses put forth by sociologists, economists, and psychologists refuted not a generation after they are published, but often in the next issue of the same journal.
For example, the Weekly Standard's Andrew Ferguson's reviews the bad science and scientism behind the recent spate of experimentation "proving" conservatives are dumber/more inflexible/less compassionate/etc. than liberals, theories which are collected in Chris Mooney's hagiography to scientism, The Republican Brain. (We began a collection of these studies here; please contribute. Also see Mike Flynn's take on this.)
The studies rely on the principle that has informed the social sciences for more than a generation: If a researcher with a Ph.D. can corral enough undergraduates into a campus classroom and, by giving them a little bit of money or a class credit, get them to do something—fill out a questionnaire, let's say, or pretend they're in a specific real-world situation that the researcher has thought up—the young scholars will (unconsciously!) yield general truths about the human animal; scientific truths.
Although he didn't intend it, Ferguson shows us another fallacy, which is that, in virtue of their being generated by scientists, that "scientific" truths are better than other kinds of truths, say metaphysical or logical truths. Stating it so plainly makes it obvious that if a truth is a truth, then it is a truth, and a truth is not more "truthy" because it comes from a scientist than a truth which comes from (say) a theologian.
The main problem with this summary is that often scientists use the word truth to mean "a belief which is probably but not 100% certainly, no-matter-what true." That later creature is not a truth at all; it is a conjecture and nothing more. A conjecture which is "almost" true, or "for all practical purposes" true, is still a conjecture and not a truth. A truth is only true when it always is, when it can be deduced, when it arises as the end result of a valid argument. That is, conjectures when they are conjectures are not truths, but conjectures might become truth as new evidence arises.
Physicists make the mistake of confusing truth and conjecture just as often as sociologists and psychologists, only the physicists' conjectures more often turn out to be truths as that new evidence arrives, so their error is of less consequence. Note that it is an error (a fallacy) to say, given evidence less than deductive, that a conjecture is a truth. The error will turn out to be more or less harmful depending on to what use the conjecture is put. If one is betting that a protein will fold a hypothesized way, one has turned a conjecture into a forecast, which is a term that acknowledges a conjecture is less than a truth.
If the conjecture turns out true, because of new evidence from an experiment, then the conjecture turns into a truth and gains are made. If the conjecture turns out false, we again know this based on new evidence, and loses are suffered. The loses are of particular interest: these are less the closer the conjecture is to the truth. Which is why the loses are greater in the soft sciences: their conjectures are much more often farther from truth.
One reason for the difference is that physicists more often than sociologists test their conjectures against reality. Another reason is that the evidence for a conjecture for the hard sciences is not just statistical, as it often is for soft-science conjectures. And any conjecture which relies primarily on statistics—given, that is, how statistics is practiced today—should not be trusted.
I'll insert my usual plea that soft scientists act more like their hard (knock) brothers. Do not just assemble a one-time shot of data and compute some statistical model and tell us how well that model fits your data, and then assume because this fit is "good" that therefore your conjectures are true. This is formally a fallacy and is the weakest kind of evidence there is, but (almost universally) the only kind which is offered.
Instead do two things: (1) find very effort to discover evidence which refutes your conjecture (and then tell us abou it). And (2) as hard scientists (often) do, make predictions of data you have never before seen. If you do both these things, then you can ask us to believe your conjectures. Otherwise, keep quiet.
Thanks to the many readers who pointed me to Ferguson's article, including Mike Flynn and Doug Magowan.
Posted in Philosophy, Statistics
Published by Briggs
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Big Mike says:
loses = losses?
Patrick Moffitt says:
A supporting quote from Scripps Institute's late great John Isaacs:
"I have much greater faith in simple observations and untrammeled thinking than I have in sophisticated observation and simplistic thinking! And I have much greater confidence that man's relationship to the sea and its resources will be enhanced by thoughtful and observant people closely involved and broadly acquainted with the sea- scientist and non-scientists alike- than by frantic responses to public hysteria or by the pontification of the scientific hierarchy."
William Sears says:
I enjoyed Ferguson's article that you linked to, but I noticed that he does not call it scientism as you do. He details the abuses and corruption of science but does not claim that there are higher truths unreachable by the scientific method. The only statement that I disliked was his "the usual hillbilly denials of evolution and global warming" phrase. I guess it is always easier to see the flaws in your own field of study (interest). But back to my scientism rant, maybe if you could give me an example of truth that was inaccessible by science or mathematics but approachable by a non-scientific method I would be placated. No statements about esthetic appreciation please.
Lionell Griffith says:
Then there is the "truth" that is true in a tightly constrained self consistent context of objective evidence. If properly constructed, it remains true even if the context is expanded. If it becomes false in the expanded context, then we know either the construction of the original "truth" was in error or the tightly constrained self consistent context was not as self consistent as thought or both. At least it is clear that we had made a mistake.
Actually, all truths are true in their tightly constrained objective context. There is no such thing as a truth that is true in all contexts for all time because "truth" is an evaluation of a given proposition with respect to the context of what is known. It cannot relate to what is not known or that which cannot be known.
For example, the proposition 2+2=4 is true only in the context of a specific meaning of 2, +, =, and 4. As long as you are in that context it is true. Go outside that context, it is irrelevant. Also, for example, push the measure of a particular "truth" to a sufficient number of significant digits, it becomes inconsistent with it self. In this way, all measures of "truths" have, as part of their context, an error bar on the value. Sometimes good enough is as good as it gets is a truth we will have to live with.
CDE says:
Re: the Weekly Standard piece, I saw a lot of confusion about the difference between random selection and random assignment, and the goals of basic research. Seriously, does someone pay guys every time you incorrectly claim that a published paper says it has uncovered a universal truth??? Also a lot of ad hominem attacks.
But I missed the part about scientism.
"Theodor Adorno and his fellow sociologists developed the F scale—"F" for fascism—to identify the "authoritarian personality" that so often gave rise to political and cultural conservatism."
I always find statements like that hilarious. Benito Moussolini was a communist who developed Fascisim as the Italian version of Marxism, He thought the Russian Communist version of Marxism, didnt apply to italy. Fascism is just Communism lite. Calling Fascism conservative is risible.
William Sears: would "murdering people is wrong" count as an example of a "truth" that is inaccessible to math?
Briggs: the very last paragraph of your posts sums it all up nicely. If you're in the business of curve fitting, a class in data compression should be mandatory. It would be a good way to show people how fitting a curve isn't any different than compressing an image. The only way to know your model isn't just compressing the data at hand is to test it against unseen data.
Your statement is a tautology. You will have to expand it to meet my criteria.
William sears: how about "killing another human being without their content and without provocation is wrong"?
Picking up a young child from school and then brutally murdering her is something I consider wrong, bad, vile, etc… Executing the person who killed the child Is something that i consider to be okay. I am trying to capture those two things in my statement above.
I am not going to take the bait. I do believe however that you are proving a point that I made in a previous post. That charges of scientism invariably degenerate into an attempt to place areas of personal interest beyond the bounds of scientific criticism through the use of emotional images. Many, Hayek for one, have noted that society's laws and taboos are not arrived at through purely rational means, but this is a far cry from stating that the process can not be scientifically studied. The comparison is made to biological evolution. Life has not evolved through a process of laboratory creation but it is understood through scientific study, not through an emotional appeal to higher truths arrived at by a non-scientific method.
George Crews says:
Hi Briggs,
You need to clarify your definition of scientism. You use the term two different ways and you need to settle on one or the other. (Three, if you count its use as a pejorative.)
Is your definition of scientism more like to accept the assumption that: the sole test of all knowledge is experiment? Where scientism is the belief that the scientific method should be used to vet all knowledge, not just natural laws?
Or is your definition more like equating scientism with cargo cult science? Where the process of acquiring knowledge is only pro forma the scientific method?
And you keep using the words "fallacy" and "truth" in discussing science. You aim too high. (It makes consensus harder.) The key words are "consistency" and "knowledge". For example, the scientific method uses abduction, a fallacious but consistent argument. Another example, Newton's Laws are not actually true statements about reality, yet they represent knowledge.
MostlyHarmless says:
Truth and fact are different expressions of the same thing, yet how often do we read "the facts have changed"? I know that the term fact is often stretched to mean "that which is claimed to be true", or "what I perceive to be true", but I see no reason not to use the precise words "claim" or "believe" instead. Facts cannot change, they either exist or do not.
I delight in the subtle nuances of written English; a word for everything, and everything has a word to express or describe it. We seem to be living in Wonderland, where the immortal line "When I use a word," Humpty Dumpty said, in a rather scornful tone, "it means just what I choose it to mean – neither more nor less." can be faintly heard, as we hear or read what is purported to be "fact".
Will Nitschke says:
Sceptics just call this sort of stuff Junk Science. I'm not sure if Scientism is exactly the right label here. If you've got an idealogical or political axe to grind then you're going to wade through a lot of junk science until you're left with a filtered list of papers that mesh up with your belief system.
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Ye Olde Statistician says:
Natural science examines the metrical properties of physical bodies. It can tell us how fast and along what trajectory a body will accelerate if you push it out of a plane traveling at a certain speed and altitude. Natural science cannot tell us whether or not to push a person out of the plane. If it can't be expressed in "inches, ounces, ohms, or hours," it ain't natural science.
And yeah, that includes social "science." It takes more than wearing a white lab coat and sprinkling the magic language of physics into one's discourse to make something a "science."
William Sears: just because something can be studied scientifically doesn't mean it is apt to scientific study. I can also paint a room with a hammer as long as you don't expect paint to mean consistently cover a room with color.
Evolution is a great example. Science really can't explain evolution in any formal sense– it's not predictable. It kind of just works, and only some of the time (I.e. dodo birds). Someone can explain the idea, but there is no formula or proof for it. I think many people, myself include, accept the notion because it seems to make sense.
Would it be too much effort for these reserchers to have a modeling and a validation data set to see if the model could predict if unmodelled republicans were stupider than liberals , using the same criterion as used to develop the model?
Gregory Norton says:
Ah, Scientific Truth, and the scientists (as well as others) who know nothing about Science, though each may know a great deal about a particular discipline within what is commonly called science.
The Scientific Method does not get to Truth. It does not even attempt it, unless proving that a statement (i.e., a theory) is false can somehow be construed as Truth. The Scientific Method is about disproving things – conjectures or theories, usually. A theory that seems plausible and withstands attempts to disprove it is strong and is accepted as useful, for now.
It would be accurate to say that "all scientific theories are wrong (false)", though some are closer to Truth than others. Think about it: the scientific theory of the flat earth; the well-accepted theory that all celestial bodies (including the sun) revolved about the Earth; Newton's Laws of Mechanics; Special Relativity. All disproved. Each superceded by a newer theory that did a better job of predicting the outcome of experiments: observations.
While Science does not even pretend to deal with The Truth, it does strive to move closer by disproving theories and replacing them with theories that are more robust, i.e., closer to The Truth. It is human arrogance (hubris, if you will) to imagine that our puny intelligence, fed by our wretchedly poor senses, can ever grasp Truth.
We can, of course, comprehend and find use for theories (or laws) that approximate The Truth, as long as we are cautious about their limited applicability. All our technology – from the ability to hit something with a thrown rock up to and beyond genetic splicing – is based on application of useful approximations.
The sun rose this morning (or rather, the planet spun to an orientation wherein the side that contained my house faced the sun). That is a mundane, banal fact about the past, not some Scientific Truth. "The Science" is never settled for, when something is settled it is past, ceases to be science, and descends into mundane, historic fact. The planet warmed – that is a banal fact. Why it warmed is Science and may never be settled. Even something as ordinary as "why does a match burst into flame?" is not fully settled, though explanations (theories) are very damn good at predicting outcomes. Predictions about the future (where Science is really interesting) can never be settled – it is about the future, after all. The history of Science is littered with wrong predictions.
Anyone who claims otherwise is not acting as a scientist but as something else (perhaps a prophet or theologian) when he claims to have The Truth or to know the Settled Science. He is, at best, a polemicist with a PhD.
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My tiniest creature - newly-dubbed Little Girl - is three months as of yesterday. It's hard to believe that three whole months have ticked by since she arrived. And they've been three good months, wonderful months, but they've also been hard.
Yes, I'm admitting this. This has been both an amazing and tough time in my life.
When Big Girl (formerly Toddler) was an infant, I met several neighborhood moms. We hung out often -<|fim_middle|> three-month-mark for the third time. And I'm not going to lie or even candy-coat things.
Little Girl is not sleeping through the night.
She is doing well. Often sleeping 6-9 hour stretches, but then popping up somewhere between 2am and 4am bright-eyed and ravenous. And so. I am tired. Very tired. And guess what? That rock star sleeper Middle Girl? She has started waking up several times in the night calling for her Daddy. We're not sure what's going on. Surely, she is reacting to the arrival of her little sister. Maybe she is having nightmares. Maybe she just wants to be the baby again. I don't know. But it's been hard.
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Truth be told, I've had a hard time deciding how much to reveal recently here on the blog. A few have expressed concern that my blog posts have had some detectable darker edges, that my words suggest a struggle.
You know what? Life, in all its incarnations, has some dark edges. And the good life? There is struggle at its very core. A sweet struggle. A tempest of blustery effort and affection. Of wild wonder, and deep reverence for creatures, and all we can't control.
My baby is three months. And I love her endlessly. But I am also still there, here, in the murky beginnings of a new stage. I stand squarely "in the weeds" as my lovely friend Kathryn Beaumont so aptly puts it. And I wouldn't choose to stand anywhere else. These weeds are mine and they are as inspiring as they are exhausting. It's a good, difficult, glorious place to be.
Thank you all for supporting me through the last three months. I know that I have been a bit scattered and cryptic at times on this blog. I know that I have been remiss in commenting on your wonderful words. Please know that I am doing the best I can and that once we all start sleeping a bit better around here, I will be back to that old school Aidan you all know (and hopefully love!).
Do you think we parents sometimes feel pressure to lie about how "perfect" things are at home with our kids? Why is it so hard for so many of us to admit that we are struggling appropriately with things? When did your kiddos start sleeping through the night? | meeting in the park, attending baby classes, drinking afternoon sangria while our bitty ones slumbered. These moms have become some of my best friends. Anyway, I remember one night when we all went out to a swanky eatery/bar. We left the babies at home with our husbands, got dressed up, and stayed out late talking about life and parenthood. One of the biggest topics of discussion? Sleep. More specifically, sleeping through the night. Amazingly, all of us had babies that were sleeping through the night. And our babes were only months old!
It occurred to me after the fact that some of us were probably lying. There is no way all ten of us had perfect little sleepers. And yet. For some reason, we all told that story.
I was not fudging. Big Girl had indeed started sleeping through the night around three months. And I was proud, renewed, and smug about this fact. When Middle Girl (formerly Baby) arrived on the scene, she was even more of a rock star sleeper and started sleeping through at seven weeks! Unbelievable, I know.
But. Here I am. At that | 236 |
Produced by Jeroen Hellingman and the Online Distributed
Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net/ for Project
Gutenberg (This book was produced from scanned images of
public domain material from the Google Print project.)
HOUSEHOLD STORIES
FROM THE LAND OF HOFER
OR,
POPULAR MYTHS OF TIROL,
INCLUDING THE
ROSE-GARDEN OF KING LAREYN.
BY
THE AUTHOR OF "PATRANAS; OR, SPANISH
STORIES," &c.
WITH ILLUSTRATIONS BY T. GREEN.
LONDON:
GRIFFITH AND FARRAN,
SUCCESSORS TO NEWBERY AND HARRIS,
CORNER OF ST. PAUL'S CHURCHYARD.
MDCCCLXXI.
LONDON: GILBERT AND RIVINGTON, PRINTERS, ST. JOHN'S SQUARE.
CONTENTS.
PAGE
Introduction 1
Norg Myths 13
1. The Eggshells 14
2. The Reckoning Day 15
3. Fritzl and the Tarnkappe 22
4. The Rose-garden of King Lareyn 26
Myths of North and South Tirol.
The Nickel of the Roehrerbuechel 73
The Wilder Jaeger and the Baroness 110
The Grave Prince and the Beneficent Cat 131
Klein-Else 158
Prince Radpot 188
The Three Black Dogs 207
Ottilia and the Death's Head 217
The Two Caskets 229
The Prudent Counsellor 235
The Geeseherds 253
St. Peter's Three Loaves 265
Myths of Waelsch-Tirol.
The two Cousins of St. Peter 273
Luxehale's Wives (including the Legends of the
Marmolata) 278
Zovanin Senza Paura; or, the Boy who went out to
discover Fear 335
The Dove-Maiden 356
Myths of Vorarlberg.
Kriselda 386
The Golden Pears 394
How the Poorest became the Richest 403
HOUSEHOLD STORIES
FROM THE LAND OF HOFER.
INTRODUCTION.
"Blessed are the people of whom history is silent; for
history occupies itself more with the doings of fools than of
the wise; with storms than with tranquil days: it immortalizes
the butcher and the tyrant, and consigns to oblivion
the innocent and peaceful."--Cibrario.
Something of the deep, strong attachment to their native mountains
which is innate in the children of the Alps steals over me when I
think of my pleasant journeyings in Tirol [1].
Though it is a little, out-of-the-way country whose cry is seldom heard
in the newspapers, though it exercises little influence in political
complications, the character of its people is one which, next after
that of our own, has a claim to our esteem and admiration. Hardy,
patient, and persevering; patriotic and loyal to a fault; honest and
hospitable to a proverb--they carry the observance of their religion
into the minutest practice of every-day life; and there underlies
all these more solid qualities a tender, poetical, romantic spirit
which throws a soft halo round their ceaseless toil, and invests
their heroic struggles for independence with a bright glow of chivalry.
Surrounded from their earliest years with living pictures of Nature's
choicest forms and colouring, they need no popular fiction to cultivate
their imagination, no schools of design to educate their taste.
Shut out from the world's ambitions by their pathless Alps, they have
learned to see before them two aims alone,--to maintain the integrity
and the sanctity of their humble homes on earth, and to obtain one
day a place in that better Home above, to which the uplifted fingers
of their sun-bathed mountain-peaks ever gloriously point.
The paramount claims on their hearts' allegiance of the hearth and
the altar are inseparably interwoven in their social code, and their
creed scarcely knows of a distinction between Nature and Nature's God.
At their mother's knee they have learnt, every one, to prattle
of their Father in heaven with as complete a realization of His
existence as of that of their father on earth. Just as they receive
their toil-won food and raiment as an earnest of the paternal care
of the one, the change of the seasons, the sunshine and the rain,
betoken to them as certainly that of the Other. They scarcely trace
any line of demarcation between the natural and the supernatural;
and earth and sky are not for them the veil which hides Divinity, but
the very temple and shrine of the Godhead dwelling among His creatures.
Going forth in this simple faith through the pure, unfogged atmosphere
which surrounds them, it is scarce to be wondered at if they can trace
the guiding footprints and the unerring hand of Providence where for
others are only chances and coincidences. Or that--like the faint
outline of wished-for land revealing itself to the trained eye of
the sailor, where the landsman sees but a hopeless expanse of sky and
ocean--they should recognize a personal will and individuality in the
powers which are the messengers to them of the good pleasure of Heaven,
in the germination of fruit and grain, in the multiplication of their
flocks and herds; or of the envious malice of the Evil One, in the
wind and the lightning, the torrent and the avalanche, destroying
the work of their hands.
It is necessary to bear this well in mind, or we shall not appreciate
the delights which their fantastic tales have in store for us. We
must learn to realize that this way of viewing things has created a
nomenclature, almost a language, of its own.
When the boisterous blast sweeps through their valleys, scattering the
scent of the wild game, and driving them far out of their reach, they
say it is the Wilder Jaeger [2], the Beatrik [3], or the Nachtvolk
[4], on his chase. Their restless energies, pent up within the
shelter of their rattling walls and casements, invest him with a
retinue of pitiless followers and fiery-eyed hounds--while the fate
of some who have ventured out while he is said to be abroad, blown
over precipices or lost in crevasses, is expressed by the fancy that
his train is closed by a number of empty pairs of shoes, which run
away with those who come within his influence.
When the bright beams of sun and moon enliven their landscape,
or fructify their seed, or guide their midnight way, they fable of
them as beautiful maidens with all sorts of fanciful names derived
from associations as old as the world: Perahta, brightness, daughter
of Dagha, the daylight--hence, also, Perchtl and Berchtl. In other
localities, Holda or Hulda; in others again, they are known as Angane,
and Enguane, the Saligen Fraueelein, Nornen, Zarger Fraueelein, and
Weissen Fraueelein. They say they smile on the overburdened peasant,
beguile his labour by singing to him, show him visions of beautiful
landscapes, bestow wonderful gifts--loaves which never diminish,
bowls and skittles, charcoal and corn of pure gold; to the husbandman
they give counsels in his farming; to the good housewife an unfailing
store--bobbins of linen thread which all her weaving never exhausts;
they help the youth or the maiden to obtain the return of the love they
have longed for, and have some succour in store for every weary soul.
Such helpers the people recognize of the masculine gender, also, in
the so-called Noergl, Pechmannl, Puetzl, Wiehtmaennlein, Kaesermaennlein,
and Salvanel; for possibly, they say, not all the angels who rebelled
with Lucifer may have been cast into the outer darkness. There may
have been some not so evilly disposed themselves, but talked over
and led astray by others; and such, arrested in their descent by a
merciful reprieve, may have been only banished to the desolate and
stony places of the earth, to tops of barren mountains and fruitless
trees. Such as these might be expected to entertain a friendly
feeling for the human beings who inhabit the regions which gave them
shelter, and to be ready to do them a good turn when it lay in their
way--lift weights, and carry burdens for them up the steep heights,
and protect their wild game. And, also, it is not inconsistent with
their nature to love to play them a mischievous trick full oft--make
off with the provision of loaves prepared for the mowers; sit, while
remaining invisible, on their sledges and increase their difficulty
and confusion in crossing the mountain-paths lost in snow; entice
them into the woods with beseeching voices, and then leave them to
wander in perplexity; overturn the farm-maids' creaming-pans; roll
the Senner's cheeses down the mountain sides.
Worse tricks than these are those of the Wilder Mann. When the soil
is sterile and ungrateful; when any of the wonted promises of nature
are unfulfilled; when the axe of the lonely woodman rebounds from
the stubborn trunk and wounds him; when the foot of the practised
mountain-climber fails him on the crisp snow, or the treacherously
sun-parched heather; when a wild and lawless wight (for such there are
even in Tirol, though fewer, perhaps, than elsewhere) illtreats the
girl who has gone forth to tend her father's flock upon the mountains,
trusting in her own innocence and Heaven's help for her protection--it
is always the Wilder Mann--in some places called the Wilder Joergel, in
others, the Lorg, the Salvang or Gannes, the Klaubaut or Rastalmann,
in Vorarlberg, Fengg, Schraettlig, Doggi, and Habergass--to whose
account the misfortune or the misdeed is laid. His female counterpart
is called Trude and Stampa, and the Langtuettin.
The mineral riches of the country, and the miners occupied in
searching for them, are told of as of hidden treasure sought after or
revealed, as the case may be, by the Bergweib and the Bergmannlein,
or Erdmannlein, the Venedigermannlein and the Hahnenkekerle, the
stories of whose strength and generosity, cupidity and spite, are
endless; while the mountain echoes are the voices of sprites playfully
imitating the sounds of human life.
If the mountains and the forests are thus treated, neither are the
lakes and torrents without their share of personification, and many
are the legends in which the uses and beauties of the beneficent
element are interpreted to be the smiles and the helpful acts of the
Wasserfrauelein, while the mischances which occur at the water's edge
are ascribed to the Stromkarl and the Brueckengeist.
The sudden convulsions of nature to which their soil has been subject
from age to age are all charged with retribution for the sins of the
people, like the overthrow of Sodom and Gomorrah and the cities of
the plain. Castles and forest possessions of wicked rich men are sunk
beneath the waters of lakes so that their foundations may never again
be set up, and their place be no more found; while a curse pursues
those who attempt to dig out the ill-gotten treasure. Villages
are recorded to have been swallowed by the earth or buried by the
snow-storms when their people have neglected the commandments of God.
This literal adaptation of the admonitions of Holy Writ receives among
this people another development in traditions of instances where good
deeds done to the poor have been believed to have been actually done
to visions of our Lord and of His Saints. Then again, their devout
belief in both the irresistible justice and the ineffable love of
God convinces them that there must be a place on earth where souls
too soiled for heaven, yet not given over to utter reprobation, may
wander till the final day of rest. And thus every shepherd, as he keeps
his lonely watch upon the Alpine pastures, expects that he may meet
the feurige Sennin who broke the Sunday rest; or the Tscheier Friedl
who was cruel to the cattle in his charge; or the buessender Hirt who
stole the widow's kine; or the Markegger who removed his neighbour's
landmark; or the Pungga-Mannl who swore a false oath; or the feuriger
Verraether who betrayed the mountain pass to the Roman legions.
On the other hand, the heroes and types of the Christian faith are
thought of as taking a perpetual interest in the welfare of their
struggling brethren: St. Nothburga and St. Isidore watch over
the husbandman, and St. Urban over the vinedresser; St. Martin
over the mower; St. Martha, St. Sebastian, and St. Rocchus, the
drei Pestschutzheiligen [5], are expected to be as potent in their
intercession now as when at their prayers, when on earth, plagues
were stayed. St. Anthony and St. Florian similarly protect against
fire. St. Vigilius, the evangelizer of the country and martyr to
his zeal, is still believed to guard its jealously-preserved unity
of faith. In return, they receive special veneration: the ordinary
dealings of life are regulated by the recurrence of their festivals,
and the memory of sacred mysteries is kept in perpetual honour by
setting up their tokens in every homestead and every house, in every
vineyard and in every field, on every bridge and by every wayside.
It is not surprising that a people so minded have tales to tell
of wonderful events which seem to have befallen them, and which
take the record of their lives out of the prosaic monotony which
rules our own,--tales always bearing a wholesome moral lesson,
always showing trust in Providence and faith in the World Unseen,
and always told with the charming simplicity which only a logically
grounded expectation that events should turn out even so--and no
invention or imagination--can give.
A selection of these tales I have put into English dress in the
following pages. Though some few of them may be found to bear analogy
with similar tales of other German nations, the distinctive qualities
of the Tirolese, and the peculiar nature of the scenery amid which
they have been conceived, will be found to have stamped them with a
character entirely their own.
I think that what I have said is sufficient to give, to such of my
readers as did not possess it already, the key to their application,
and I need not now append to each a tedious interpretation of the
fantastic personages and scenes I shall have to introduce.
It remains only to say a word as to their distribution. The present
principality of Tirol is composed of four provinces. North Tirol,
South Tirol, Waelsch or Italian Tirol, and Vorarlberg. North and South
Tirol have been for long so closely united that, like their language
and customs, their mythology has become so intimately intermingled that
it scarcely comes within the scope of a work like the present to point
out their few divergences or local peculiarities. But those of Waelsch
Tirol and Vorarlberg each maintain a much more distinctive character,
and I have accordingly marked with a separate heading those which I
have gathered thence.
"The Rose-garden of King Lareyn," however, is not the peculiar property
of any one province. Though the three places which claim to occupy its
site are all placed in South Tirol, this pretty myth is the common
property of the whole country--its chief popular epic--and has even
passed into the folklore of other parts of Germany also. It is beside
the purpose of the present little work to enter into the controversy
which has been raised concerning the authorship. There can be little
doubt, however, that it was originally the utterance of some unknown
minstrel putting into rough-and-ready rhyme one of the floating myths
which symbolized the conflict of the heroes with the powers of evil,
so popular in the middle ages. Then poets of more pretensions wrote
out, and, as they wrote out, improved the song. Thus there are several
different manuscripts of it extant, of between two and three thousand
lines each, but not of equal value, for later scribes, in trying
to improve, overlaid the simple energy of its diction with a feeble
attempt at ornament which only served to damage its force. The name of
the Norg-king who is the subject of it, is in these spelt variously,
as Lareyn, Luarin, Luarine, &c.; the modern orthography is Laurin. The
spelling I have adopted is that of the Chronicon of Aventinus.
I have thought it well to precede the story by some account of the
Norg folk and some samples of their legends, that the reader may not
come wholly unacquainted with their traditional character to the tale
of the discomfiture of the last Norg-king.
NORG MYTHS.
The Norgen were a mighty folk in olden time in Tirol. In their
span-high bodies resided a power which no child of man, were he ever
so stalwart and well-limbed, could resist. But they were also for
the most part a peaceable race, and more inclined to assist than to
obstruct the industrious inhabitants of the country in their labours;
so long as they were treated with respect and deference they seldom
interfered with any one. Then they were generally scrupulously
honourable, and strict keepers of their word. A service rendered
one of them was sure to be repaid a hundredfold. An injury brought
a corresponding retribution, and scorn, contempt, or ridicule roused
their utmost vengeance; while some there were who entertained a true
spirit of mischief, and indulged in wanton tricks which showed their
character was not altogether free from malice.
They were most often to be met in lonely paths and unfrequented
fastnesses of nature, but a solitary Noerglein could also occasionally
stray within the haunts of men, at times asking hospitality at their
hands, and at others getting into the bedrooms at night, and teasing
the children in their sleep, hence the common proverb--
"Shut the door closely to,
Or the Norg will come through [6]."
And at other times, again, they would take part in the field and
household labours, as if they found it sport. The name of Norg
was chiefly appropriated to them in South Tirol; in Vorarlberg the
analogous cobbold went by the name of Rutschifenggen. Every locality,
every valley, every hamlet, and almost every farm, had its own familiar
dwarf whose doings were handed down as household words.
Thus it is told that there was once a countrywoman, who lived in a
lonely Meierhof [7] of the Passeierthal, standing over her stove,
preparing a pancake for her husband's dinner, and as he was a great
eater she used an immense number of eggs--three dozen and more--in
his pancake: as fast as she broke the eggs into the pan, she threw
the shells behind her. Three Norgs came by as she was so occupied
and amused themselves with playing with them and arranging them into
all kinds of patterns. The Meierin [8] was a grumpy sort of woman,
and instead of finding pleasure in the glee of the little people,
grew cross with them, and scattered the dirty black ashes among the
egg-shells they had arranged so prettily. Offended at this ill-natured
treatment, the Norgs took their departure, but first laid the thread
of the good wife's spinning-bobbin as a snare across the floor,
and then stationed themselves outside the window to see what happened.
Presently the husband called to know if the pancake was not ready, and
the Meierin, running to satisfy him, with both hands engaged in holding
the dish of the enormous pancake, caught her feet in the thread, and
fell flat on the ground with her face in the dish, while the three
Norgs completed her vexation by setting up a loud laugh in chorus.
Here is another story of their doings, in which they play a different
part. There was a storm in the valley of Matsch, and a storm in the
valley of Matsch is often a terrible matter. This was one of the
worst: the pitiless flood streamed down the heights, and threatened
to overflow the banks of the Hochseen [9]; the wind from the glacier
howled dismally over the mountain-sides; the people closed their
doors and shutters against the blast, and listened to the roar of the
elements, trembling with the thought that every moment might come the
signal of the inundation which should carry them and their habitations
away in its torrent. In the solidest and most important house of
the straggling village, which bears the same name as the valley,
was gathered the family of the richest man of the place, who had no
reason to share these fears, but with singing and lively conversation
chased away the dismal influence of the lugubrious sounds without.
Suddenly, between the angry gusts of wind, a doleful voice was heard
piteously praying for help. One of the party opened the casement,
and looked out, but with more of curiosity than interest, and then
quickly closing it again, came back into the room with a laugh to
describe the ludicrous figure he had seen. It was a little mannikin
with a beard big enough for a full-grown man, his clothes drenched
with the rain, and slung over his shoulder a tiny bundle tied in a
handkerchief, which yet seemed to bow him down with its weight. The
description provoked a chorus of laughter, and the wretched little
Norg--for it was a Norg--would have been no more thought of but that
his wail became more irritating than that of the wind, and at last
the master of the house got up and shouted to him to go on, for it
was useless to stand droning there, he was not going to open his house
at that time of night, or to such a ridiculous object. But though he
banged the window to as closely as possible after delivering himself
of this speech, the little man's menacing couplet yet reached his ear--
"The reckoning day
Is not far away [10]."
Nevertheless the Norg begged no more, but endeavoured to pass on his
way. He could not get far: the torrents of rain had obliterated the
path which led from the rising ground on which this house was built,
to the next, and it was scarcely safe to descend in the dark with the
loose stones rattling away under the feet. Fortunately a glimmering
light betrayed a low hut built into the <DW72>. It looked so poor and
humble, that the Norg felt ashamed to ask aught of its inhabitants,
who could scarcely have had enough for their own needs; but when he
saw how utterly forlorn was his position, he sat down on a stone,
and wept. Notwithstanding that the poor little Norg had such a
hoarse voice that it was more like that of a wild animal than a man,
there was a compassionate little maid within who perceived it was a
voice of distress, and put her head out to ask who was there. "Poor
old man!" she cried; "come inside and dry yourself, and let me give
you something warm." But before he could answer he heard a weak voice
within, "Beware, Theresl, of the wolves--remember we are in 'Matsch der
Woelfe Heimath [11].'" "Never fear, mother dear," replied the maiden,
"this is no wolf, but a very distressed little old man, who does not
look as if he could harm any one; and besides we are now in June--the
wolves don't threaten us in the summer," and she opened the door,
and let in the little man.
By the time she had dried his clothes and fed him with some warm
soup, the worst of the storm had abated, and he was able to go on his
way. The maiden offered him shelter for the night, but he declared
he must reach home before midnight, and prepared to depart. Before
he left he asked her what there was she most desired. "Oh, that my
mother be restored to health!" answered Theresa; "I desire nothing
more than that!"
The Norg walked to the bedside, and informed himself of the
nature of the sick mother's illness. "Your mother shall be
cured," said the little man; "but you must come to me to-morrow
at midnight to the Noergelspitz;" and as the girl started at the
impossibility of the feat, he continued, "You have only to make
your way as far as the Wetterkreuz, and there call three times
'Kruzinegele! Kruzinegele! Kruzinegele!' and I will be at your side,
and take you up the rest of the way." And he took his departure,
singing,--
"Morgen oder Heut
Kommt die Zahlzeit."
The next night Theresa courageously set out on her way, and climbed
as far as the Wetterkreuz--and it was lucky she had to go no farther,
for here she sank down quite exhausted. She had not lain there many
seconds when she saw a procession of little men just like Kruzinegele,
with a litter and torches, who carried her up till they came to
a door in the rock, which opened at their approach. This led to a
magnificent crystal hall glittering with gold and gems, and on a
gold throne sat Kruzinegele himself, with his fair daughter by his
side. When the litter was brought to the steps of the throne, he
came down courteously, and renewed his thanks for her hospitality,
but she could not find a word to say, in her astonishment at seeing
him so changed. Meantime he sent his daughter to fetch the herbs
which were to cure the poor mother, and gave them to her, telling
her how to administer them. "You see," he added,--
"Morgen oder Heut
Kommt die Zahlzeit;
and your rich neighbour will find it so too." Then he told the little
men to carry her home, and they laid her in the litter, and bore
her away; and she remembered nothing more till she found herself
comfortably in bed, with the rising sun kissing her cheeks. But the
appearance of every thing was as much changed as Kruzinegele himself
had been! The walls that used to bulge, and reek with mildew and
damp, were straight and smooth; glass casements replaced the ricketty
shutters; nice white curtains tempered the sunshine; the scanty and
broken furniture was replaced by new. But what she valued above all,
in her hand were the herbs which were to make her mother's healing
drink! Their decoction was her first occupation; and by the next day
they had restored her mother to health, and joy once more reigned in
the cottage, thanks to the Norg!
It had been the rich churl's custom, equally with the other villagers,
to take his cattle on to the mountain pastures to graze for the
beginning of the summer season am Johanni [12]. His grazing ground
was just the highest pasture of the Noergelspitz. The festival now
soon arrived, and the picturesque processions of cattle with their
herds went lowing forth as usual, to enjoy their summer feed.
When the Norg's enemy, however, arrived at his destination, instead
of the emerald <DW72>s he was wont to find, with their rich yield of
marbel and maim [13], all ready prepared by St. Martin's care [14] for
the delight of his cows and sheep, all was stony and desolate! Three
days they spent wandering about in search of a few blades to browse,
but even this was denied them--nor ever again did the Noergelspitz
bring forth any thing but ice and snow!
Of the sleek droves which had started, the envy of all beholders, few
beasts lived to return; the prosperity of the once flourishing Hof
had fled, and before many years were out its proprietor was obliged
to leave it, a ruined man. Theresa had in the meantime married a
thrifty peasant, whose industry enabled him to be the purchaser of
the abandoned Hof, which he soon stocked to the full extent of former
days. Ofttimes a curious grey-bearded little stranger would drop in
at night to share their comfortable meal, and before he went away he
would always sing his couplet--
"Morgen oder Heut
Kommt die Zahlzeit."
Such occasional apparitions of the strange visitants excited the
curiosity of the inhabitants of the earth to the utmost, and many a
weird story was told of frightful injury happening to those who had
striven to penetrate their retreat, and for a long period none had
any success in the enterprise.
It happened one day, however, that a daring hunter who had been led
far from his usual track, and far from the country with which he was
familiar, by the pursuit of a gemsbock, found himself at the entrance
of a low-arched cavern. As night was about to fall and the sky wore
a threatening aspect, he was glad to creep within this shelter till
the light of morning should enable him to find his way home once more.
He had not proceeded far within the dim corridor, when he perceived
that in proportion as he got farther from the light of day the cave
became brighter instead of darker! Eagerly seeking the cause of this
phenomenon, he perceived that the walls were all encrusted with gold
and precious stones, which emitted constant sparkles of light. He
thereby recognized at once that he had reached an approach to one of
the resorts of the Mountain-folk, as the Norgs were also called from
having their habitation in the hearts of the mountains.
To avoid the fate of those who had ventured within the mysterious
precincts, he was about to make good his escape, when he felt something
soft under his feet. It proved to be a red hood or cap, dropped there
by one of the Mountain-folk, a veritable Tarnkappe which had the
property of making the wearer invisible to men, and also enabled him
to command admission to any part of the subterranean settlement. He
had scarcely placed it on his head when one of the little men of the
mountain came running up to look for his lost cap. Fritzl the hunter
was much too cunning to give up the advantage of its possession, but
with great good humour he told the dwarf he reckoned it too great an
advantage to have the opportunity of visiting his beautiful territory
to give it up for nothing; but he assured him he should have no reason
to regret having given him admission. The dwarf could not choose but
obey, and the Jaeger enjoyed the singular privilege of surveying all
the hidden treasures of the underground world.
Beautiful are the glories of the mountain world as seen by mortal
eyes--gorgeous its colours when illumined by the southern sun,
but all this is as barren darkness compared with the glories hidden
within its stony recesses. Here, the sky overhead was all of diamonds
and sapphires and carbuncles, and their light sparkled with tenfold
glory and beauty to the light of the sun and moon and stars; the
trees were of living gold and silver, and the flowers and fruit of
precious stones; the grass all of crystal and emerald; there was
no cold or heat, no perplexing change of season, but one perpetual
spring spread its balmy air around; lakes there were all of opal and
mother-o'-pearl, and gorgeously plumed swans perpetually crossing
them served the inhabitants in lieu of boats.
The Jaeger's delight and admiration at all these sights won the sympathy
and regard of his guide, and by degrees he grew more communicative,
and explained to him the whole economy of their mode of life. He showed
him how they were divided into three distinct classes: those wearing
red caps, who were gay and good-natured, and filled with goodwill
towards mankind also, notwithstanding many wild pranks; those with
brown caps, whose mischief was mingled with malice rather than fun,
but who yet would suffer themselves to be propitiated; and those
with black caps, always gloomy and morose, who boded evil wherever
they went. His guide advised him to have nothing to say to these,
but with some of the red and brown he was admitted to converse: he
found them pleasant and sociable, and ready enough to communicate
their ideas. Some asked him questions, too, about various matters
which seemed to have puzzled them in their peregrinations on earth,
while others, who had never been outside their own habitations,
had other inquiries to make--but some there were also who had no
curiosity on the subject, but rather contempt; and one thing that
amused the Jaeger in them was their incapacity to conceive many of
the things he had to tell them, and particularly to understand what
he could mean when he talked about death.
Chiefly to keep the spiteful freaks of the black-caps in check
there was a guard of warrior dwarfs, whose array was shown to our
Jaeger. Formidable they must have been, for the armour of each was made
out of one diamond, and they wore helmets and greaves and shields all
of diamonds, and while they were thus impervious to every attack, their
swords were of diamond too, and resistless therefore in their thrusts.
The Jaeger could not restrain his raptures at their gorgeous show, as
the colours of the gems around were reflected in this shining armour.
The dwarf had nothing left to show after this, but then stood and
sighed over the glories of the past. "And what were the glories of the
past?" inquired the Jaeger, with intense interest. The dwarf watched his
interlocutor closely, and satisfied himself that his interest was not
feigned. Then he paused long, as hesitating whether to unburden himself
to a stranger of the sad thoughts which crowded into and oppressed
his mind. A few words of sympathy, however, decided him at last
"Yes, we still have some power and some riches left, and some of
our ancient strength, but we have lost our kings, the kernel of
our strength. It is true, we are able to surprise you with isolated
exhibitions of riches and power, but, on the whole, your people has got
the better of ours; and since your heroes of old destroyed the last of
our royal race, we have been a doomed, disorganized, dwindling race,
fast disappearing from our ancient fastnesses."
"And how happened it that our people got the better of yours? How
did our heroes destroy your royal race? I pray you tell me."
The dwarf led the Jaeger into a delicious alcove of the opal rock, whose
pure, pale lustre seemed more in accordance with his melancholy mood
than the garish brilliancies that had hitherto surrounded them. They
laid them down on the bank, and the dwarf thus recounted the story.
THE ROSE-GARDEN OF LAREYN, THE LAST NORG-KING.
The lineage of our kings had endured for countless generations,
he said, and had always enjoyed the undeviating homage of our people.
In our kings were bound up our life and our strength; they were the
fountain of our light and the guardians of our power. The royal race
was a race apart which had never mingled with the race of the governed,
yet which had never failed or been found wanting. But Adelgar cast his
eyes on Hoerele, one of the Norginnen of the common herd, and raised
her to share his throne. The union not only was unblessed--what was
worse, all the rest of the royal stock died out, and all the noble
princes of his first marriage died away one after the other [15];
and when Hoerele at last came to die herself, there was only one left.
This was Lareyn, the last of his race. Adelgar looked around him
with tears, for there was none left to whom he could marry his son,
and he had experienced in himself the ill effects of departing from
the ancient tradition which forbade him from mingling his race with
the race of the governed, and he bewailed his folly.
But Lareyn bethought him of a remedy; he determined to go out into
the outer world, and choose him a wife among the daughters of its
inhabitants, and bring her to reign over the mountain people and
continue the royal stock. In a supreme council of the elders of the
kingdom it was decided to approve what he proposed. But Adelgar only
consented with much reluctance, and accompanied his permission with
many conditions and counsels, the chief of which were that Lareyn and
his suite should every one go forth clothed in a Tarnhaut [16], and
that he should exercise his choice in a far distant country where the
ways of the dwarfs were not known, and where, whatever might befall,
no friend of the bride could think of coming to his palace to seek
her, for the old king rightly judged that the Christian folk would
not willingly give a daughter of theirs to the Norgs.
Lareyn promised his father to attend to his injunctions, and
gave orders to prepare a thousand suits of diamond armour for his
body-guard, and five hundred suits of silk attire for his pages, who
were to bear the gifts with which he meant to captivate the maiden
of his choice, and Tarnhauts to cover them all--and, above all,
the presents themselves of jewels and priceless goldsmith's works,
at which the Norgen were very expert.
While all these things were being got ready Adelgar died, and Lareyn
succeeded to the crown. However much he desired to adhere to his
father's injunctions, he was forced to decide that under the altered
circumstances it could not be well for him to journey to a distance
from his kingdom, and to leave it long without a head. He determined,
therefore, to search the neighbourhood for a maiden that should please
him. In the meantime he made use of his newly acquired power to prepare
a dwelling to receive her which should correspond with the magnificence
of his presents, and by its dazzling lustre should make her forget all
that she might be inclined to regret in her earlier home. The highest
title of honour was now promised to whoso of his subjects could point
out to him an unexplored mine of beauty and riches. This was found in
a vault all of crystal, which no foot of dwarf had ever trod. Lareyn
was beside himself with gladness when he saw this; he ordered a
hundred thousand dwarfs immediately to set to work and form of it
a residence for his bride; to divide it into chambers for her use,
with walls and columns encrusted with gold; to engrave the crystal
with pleasing devices; and to furnish it with all that was meet for
her service. Thus arose the great Krystallburg [17] ever famous in the
lays of the Norgs, and which the cleverest and richest of the children
of men might have envied. That so glorious a palace might be provided
with a garden worthy of it, hundreds of thousands of other dwarfs were
employed to lay out the choicest beds and bowers that ever were seen,
all planted with roses of surpassing beauty, whose scent filled the air
for miles round, so that, wherever you might be, you should know by
the fragrant exhalation where to find the Rosengarten of King Lareyn
[18]. Engrossed with these congenial preparations, Lareyn forgot all
his prudence and moderation: that they might be completed with all
possible expedition the whole working community of the dwarfs was
drawn off from their ordinary occupations; the cultivation of the
land was neglected, and a famine threatened. Lareyn then would go
out and make a raid on the crops of the children of earth, and take
possession of whatever was required for the needs of his own people,
without regard for the outcry raised against him, knowing that,
strong in his supernatural strength, he had no retaliation to fear.
While thus he pursued his ravages every where with indiscriminating
fury, he one day came upon the arativo [19] of a poor widow whose
only son was her one support. The golden grain had been gathered into
her modest barn just as Lareyn and his marauders came by; swift,
like a flock of locusts, they had seized the treasure. The widow
sobbed, and her stalwart son fought against them in vain; Lareyn was
inexorable. At another time the good-nature of his Norg blood would
have prompted him at least to repay what he had appropriated in the
gold and precious stones of which he had such abundant store, but now
he thought of nothing but the prompt fulfilment of his darling design;
and he passed on his way unheeding the widow's curse.
At last the Krystallburg was complete, and the Rosengarten budding
ready to burst into a bloom of beauty. To so fair a garden he would
have no other fence but a girdle of silk, only he gave it for further
defence a law whereby any who should violate that bound should forfeit
his left foot and his right hand.
Lareyn looked round, and his heart was content. He felt satisfied now
that he had wherewithal to make any daughter of earth forget her own
home and her father's people, how delightful soever might have been
the place of her previous sojourn.
Donning his Tarnhaut, he went forth with his followers marshalled
behind him, all equally hidden from human sight.
He wandered from castle to castle, from Edelsitz [20] to Edelsitz,
from palace to palace, but nowhere found he the bride of his heart,
till he came to the residence of the Duke of Styria. Here, in a
garden almost as lovely as his own Rose-garden, he found a number of
noble knights assembled, and their ladies, all of surpassing beauty,
taking their pleasure on the greensward amid the flowers.
Lareyn had never seen so much beauty and gallantry, and he lingered
long with his attendant wights running from one to another, and
scanning the attractions of each, as a bee hovers from flower to
flower, gathering the honey from their lips. Each maiden was so
perfect, that he would have been content with any one of them, but
each was so guarded by her cavalier that he saw no way of approaching
her; at last, driven to despair, he wandered away under the shade of
a lonesome grove.
Here, under a leafy lime [21], his eye met a form of loveliness which
surpassed the loveliness of all the dames he had heretofore seen
put together, and he felt thankful now that he had not been able to
possess himself of any of them, for then he had never seen her who
now lay before him in all the bloom of her virgin perfection. Lareyn,
accustomed to associate his conceptions of beauty with a dazzling
blaze of gold and jewels, found an entirely new source of admiration
in the simple attire of the Styrian princess, for it was Simild,
daughter of Biterolf, Duke of Styria, who lay before him, seeking
rest amid the midday heat, draped only in virgin white, with wreathed
lilies for her single ornament.
Lareyn stood absorbed for some time in contemplation of her perfect
image. Then, hearing the voices of her companions drawing near, quickly
he flung a Tarnhaut over her, so that they trooped by, searching
for her, and passed on--seeing her not--to seek her farther. Then
he beckoned to the bearers of a litter he had prepared in readiness
to approach, into which her sylph-like form was soon laid; and over
hill and dale he carried her towards the Rosengarten.
They had got some way before Simild woke. Lareyn rode by her side,
watching for her eyes to open, and the moment she gave signs
of consciousness he made a sign for the cortege to halt. Quick as
thought a refection was laid out on the greensward, while a band of
Norg musicians performed the most delicious melody.
Simild, enraptured with the new sights and sounds, gazed around,
wondering where she was and what all the little creatures could be who
hopped around ministering to her with so much thoughtfulness. Lareyn
hastened to soothe her, but fancying that some of the Norgs were
wanting in some of their due services to her, he rated them in such
a positive tone of command that Simild began to perceive that he was
the master of this regiment of ministrants, and hence she inferred
that by some mysterious means she had fallen into his power; but what
those means could be she was at a loss to conceive.
Lareyn now displayed his presents, and in presenting them poured
forth the most enthusiastic praise of her beauty. Simild's vanity
and curiosity were both won; yet the strangeness of the situation,
the sudden separation from her friends, her ignorance of what might
be going to befall her, roused all her fears, and she continued to
repeat in answer to all his protestations of admiration that she
could listen to nothing from him till he had restored her to her home.
"This is the one thing, sweet princess, that I cannot do at your
bidding," he replied. "Whatever else you desire me to do shall be
instantly executed. And it is hardly possible for you to exhaust my
capacity of serving you."
Then he went on to describe the magnificence and riches of his kingdom,
and all the glories over which, as his bride, she would be called to
reign, till her curiosity was so deeply excited, and her opposition
to his carrying her farther grew so faint, that he lost no time in
taking advantage of her mood to pursue the journey.
In the meantime the greatest consternation had fallen on all the
friends of Simild. The maidens whose duty it was to wait on her sought
her every where, and not finding her they were afraid to appear before
her father. The knights and nobles who had been in her company were
distracted, feeling the duty upon them to restore her, and not knowing
which way to begin. The old Duke Biterolf shut himself up within the
palace and wept, objecting to see any one, for his heart was oppressed
with sorrow; and he refused to be comforted till his child should be
restored to him.
But Dietlieb, Simild's brother, a stout young sword [22], when he
had exhausted every counsel that occurred to him for discovering his
sister's retreat, determined to ride to Gardenna on the Garda-See,
the castle where resided Hildebrand [23] the Sage, renowned for wisdom,
and prudence, and useful counsel.
When Hildebrand the Sage saw him come riding yet a long way off, he
said to those who stood beside him on the battlements, "See Dietlieb
the Styrian, how he rides! His heart is full of indignation. Up,
my men, there is work for us; some one has done him a great wrong,
and us it behoves to stand by him, and see him righted."
Ute, Hildebrand's wife, and her daughters prepared a warm welcome for
the prince, as was due; and the heroes gathered round Hildebrand held
out their hands to him as to one whose integrity and valour claimed
their respect. Hildebrand himself led him to his chamber, and left
to no maiden the task of helping him off with his armour [24], but
with his own hand lifted off his helmet and laid by his good shield.
Then they placed refreshing wine from the cool cellar in the rock
before him, and a banquet of many dishes, as became so worthy a
guest. When the tables had been removed [25], Hildebrand invited his
young guest to detail the cause which had brought him. Dietlieb, who
was burning to tell the story of his mishap, poured out the details
of his sister's misadventure, without omitting the smallest incident
which could serve Hildebrand to form an opinion as to the remedy to
be adopted.
The event was so strange that Hildebrand himself could not venture
all at once to divine the nature of the injury. But he forbore also
to express his perplexity, lest the bold young Styrian should be
discouraged. Without therefore expounding exactly what his views
were, but determining to ponder the matter more deeply by the way,
the advice he propounded in the first instance was, that they should
all repair forthwith to seek the aid of Berndietrich [26].
The counsel was received with joyful acclamation; and loud was the
clanging as every one ran to don his chain-armour, for all were glad
to be called to deeds of high emprise, and such they deemed were in
store for them if Dietrich von Bern was to be their leader.
Ute and her daughters, to whom their courage and mettle was well known,
greeted them as they went forth with no sinking hearts, but gave them
augury of good success.
As they journeyed along, they came to a broad heath, which they were
about to pass over with their train, when up sprang a man of forlorn
aspect, who cried after Hildebrand, and asked his aid.
Hildebrand, seeing him in such sorry plight, turned aside out of
compassion, to ask what had befallen him. It was no other than the
peasant--the widow's son--whom Lareyn had so deeply wronged, and,
seeing the heroes go forth in such brave array, he besought their aid
against the oppressor of his mother. Some of them laughed at his wild
mien and uncouth gestures, but Hildebrand the Sage took him apart,
and lost not a word of his story of how the Norg-king lived in the
heart of the mountains, of how he came out with his mighty little men,
and ravaged all the face of the country, contrary to all the habits of
his former life, and of how it was all because his own labourers were
engaged in preparing the most magnificent palace for the reception
of a daughter of earth, whom he meant to make his bride.
Hildebrand now felt he knew all, and with the help of the poor
countryman, the widow's son, would be able to conduct the heroes
into his retreat, inflict condign punishment, and release the captive
princess.
How, with purely natural means, to overcome the resistless strength
of the Norgs did not indeed make itself apparent; this was matter
for further consideration, and sufficed to engross his thoughts for
the rest of the journey. Of one thing he was satisfied--that he was
right in claiming the intervention of Berndietrich, whose traffic
with the supernatural powers [27] made him, of all the wigands [28],
alone capable of conducting such an expedition.
Hildebrand and his companions were received by Theodoric with hearty
welcome and hospitable care and cheer. As they sat at table, all
the heroes together vied with each other in lauding the prowess of
Theodoric, till they had pronounced him the bravest sword of which
the whole world could boast.
This was the time for Hildebrand. "No!" he cried, as he upsprang,
and by his determined manner arrested the attention of all the
wigands. "No, I say! there is one mightier than he; there is one with
whom he has never yet ventured to measure his strength----"
"Who? Name him!" shouted Theodoric, rising to his feet, and glaring
round him with defiant fury, only kept in check by his regard for
Hildebrand.
"I speak of Lareyn, the Dwarf-king, the dweller in the depths of the
mountains of Tirol," replied Hildebrand, in a voice of firm assurance.
"The Dwarf-king!" exclaimed Theodoric, with incredulity and contempt;
and he sat down again.
"As long as the Dwarf-king is suffered to live in his mountain
stronghold, and to ravage the lands of the peaceful peasants, I call
no man who knows of him a hero. But him who overcomes this little
one--him I will call a hero indeed, above all others!"
"If your Dwarf-king were so formidable, Meister Hildebrand," replied
Theodoric, "you would have told me of him before now, I ween. How
has he raised your wonderment just at this time?"
"Because just at this time his insolence has increased. He has built
a palace surpassing all palaces in magnificence, which he calls his
Krystallburg, and has surrounded it with a garden of beauty, which
he calls his Rosengarten, fenced round only with a silken girdle,
but of whomsoever crosses that boundary he forfeits the left foot
and the right hand."
The report of this boast was enough to decide Theodoric, the impetuous
sword. "If it is thus he vaunts him," he cried, "he shall know that
there is one will dare brave his decree, and destroy the garden his
ferocity guards after the manner you describe."
With that up he rose, and called for his Velsungen [29], for his
armour he never put off, and he called for his helmet and his horse;
and before another had time to frame his purpose, he had started,
without parley and without guide.
Only Wittich the Wigand, his boon companion, who loved to share his
rash ventures, and was familiar with his moods, could bestir himself
to follow before he was too far gone to be overtaken.
To Tirol they rode by day and by night, without slacking rein, for
their anger brooked no reprieve. They slacked not their speed for
dell or mountain, and they rode forty miles through the dense forest;
but every where as they went along they tested the air, as it was
wafted past them, to see if they could discern the perfumes of the
Rosengarten. At last, as they toiled up the mountain side, a majestic
sight was suddenly opened to their view. The white shining rock of the
living mountain was cut and fashioned into every pleasing device of
turret and tower, diamonds and rubies were the windows, and the dome
was of pure gold set with precious stones. "We have far to ride yet,"
said Wittich the Wigand, as he scanned the lordly place. "And yet the
perfume of the Rose-garden reaches even hither," said the Bernaere
[30]. "Then we know we are on the right track," answered Wittich;
so they put spurs to their horses, and rode forward with good heart.
They had pushed on thus many a mile when the blooming Rosengarten
itself came in sight, entrancing their senses with its beauty and
its odours.
"What was that?" asked Theodoric, who always rode ahead, as some
light obstruction made his mount swerve for a moment.
"Why, you have burst the silken girdle of King Lareyn's
Rosengarten!" said Wittich the Wigand; "so now we have incurred the
vengeance of the little man."
"Ah!" said Theodoric, as he gazed around, "let us not harm this
pleasant place; sweetly are the flowers disposed, and in the fragrant
hours of evening and of morning it must be well to be here: let us
destroy naught!"
"Nay!" said honest Wittich, "came we not forth to destroy this
devil's-work, and to reduce the pride of the boasting Norg-king who
spares none? Shall we return, and leave our work undone? I have no
such mind; nothing will I leave of what we see before us now."
He dismounted to carry his threat into effect; and Theodoric, not
to be behindhand, or to incur suspicion of fearing the Norg-king,
dismounted too. Then with one consent they hewed down and rooted up
the fair plants, till the whole garden was a wilderness, and they
lay them down upon the grass to rest.
As they lay, there appeared before them, coming at full speed,
as on swift wings, a knightly form clad in shining armour, so that
Wittich cried, "See, Lord Dietrich, who comes to visit us--surely it
is St. Michael, leader of the heavenly hosts!"
"I see no St. Michael," answered Theodoric, sullenly. "It is one of
no heavenly build, albeit he bears him so bravely. We may rue that
we have loosed our helmets and shields, for methinks he regards us
with no loving eye."
While they spoke the rider had advanced over a good space of the
way, and they could discern the manner of his bearing. His horse
was lithe as a roe-buck upon the wild mountain heights, and its
housings of cloth-of-gold gave back the rays of the golden sun; the
bridle was studded with precious stones, and embroidered with cunning
workmanship of gold, moreover it was held in a commanding hand. The
saddle was dazzling with rubies, and so were the stirrups no less;
but the armour was most dazzling of all, and all hardened in dragon's
blood [31]. His sword of adamant could cut through steel and gold;
the handle was one carbuncle, which darted rays of light. Over his
breast-armour he wore a tight tunic of cloth-of-gold, with his arms
embroidered in glowing colours. His helmet was of burnished gold and
topazes mingling their yellow light, and between them many a carbuncle
which by night gave the light of day, and from within it there sang
pleasant voices of birds--nightingales, bulfinches, and larks, with
softened voices, as if they lived, and breathed their song upon the
branches of their native trees.
His shield was likewise of gold, and recorded many a deed of prowess
of him who bore it; on it was painted a leopard, too, with head erect,
as though preparing to spring upon his prey. In his right hand was a
spear, and from its point floated a small red banner [32], on which
appeared two swift greyhounds intent on following the wild game. But
more imposing than all this display of gold and art was the rider's
majestic mien, which was as of one used to know no law but his own
will, and to be obeyed by all who approached him; and yet, with all
this, he was only a span high! For it was King Lareyn, and he wore
tightly buckled his girdle of twelve-men's-strength.
Theodoric would gladly have laughed his little figure to scorn, but
when he caught the fire of his eye he was fain to acknowledge he was
no puny antagonist in fierce intention, whatever was his height.
Nor did Lareyn spare angry words when he had come up with the knights,
and saw what they had done; there was no epithet of scorn in his
vocabulary that he did not pour out upon them. He told them their
lives were forfeit for the mischief they had wreaked upon his roses,
and they could only redeem them by the surrender of their left foot
and right hand.
Theodoric was not slow to pay back his vituperation in corresponding
measure. He bid him remember what a little, wee mannikin he was; that
his was not the right tone in which he ought to talk to princes. Had
he ventured to ask a money-compensation, it would have been impertinent
enough, but what he had asked was a ludicrous pretention.
"Money!" shouted the Norg, in no way disconcerted; "I have more gold at
command than any three of you together. You call yourselves princes,
do you? You have done no princely deed to-day; you have incurred
the common penalty which I have decreed for all alike who trespass
on my Rose-garden--so no more words: hand over your horses, armour,
and clothing [33], together with the left foot and right hand of each."
"Herr Dietrich!" interposed Wittich, "is it possible you have patience
to listen to the insolent railing which this little mite pours out
in his folly? Say but the word, and I will punish him once and for
all. It needs but to take him and his mount by the leg, with one
grasp of my strong hand, and knock their heads against the stone wall,
that they may lie as dead as the roses we have already strewn around!"
"God is exhaustless in His wonders!" replied the Bernaere; "for aught
we know, He has laid up within this mite's body all the strength of
which he is so forward to boast: or by some magic craft he may have
possessed himself of might commensurate with the riches which we can
see plainly enough he has at command. If it comes to fighting, we
will bear ourselves like men; but take my advice, and be not rash,
for very much I doubt if we shall leave these mountains of Tirol
alive this day."
"Now, prince of lineage high! if I knew not your prowess before this
day," cried Wittich, beside himself with indignation, "I had said you
were afraid of his sword, which a mouse might wield! Shall a Christian
knight shrink before any pagan hound? But a thousand such wights as
this could be overmatched by you; and without arms you could smite
them down, and hang them all on the trees!"
"Your ideas of your powers are not weak," interposed King Lareyn; "you
talk of one of you being a match for a thousand such as I: come on,
and let us see how you will bear you against one 'tiny antagonist'!"
Wittich's impatience knew no bounds at the challenge; without
exchanging another word with Theodoric he sprang into the saddle, and
Lareyn, who had chafed at being spoken of as an unworthy adversary,
now drew himself up, proud to find Wittich did not scorn to meet
him mounted.
They rode out opposite each other on the greensward with their lances
poised, and then dashed the one at the other like two falcons on
the wing. Wittich, not at all wanting in the science of handling his
lance, made sure to have hit Lareyn, but the spell that surrounded
him protected him against the thrust, while his lance struck Wittich's
throat where the helm was braced, and sent him backwards off the saddle
on to the ground with great force. As he fell among the clover he vowed
that no other lance had ever so offended him<|fim_middle|> and if his deeds accorded therewith he never
would have reason to rue the league he had made with them.
Then with delight Lareyn led them through the riches of his
possessions. So much heaped-up gold, so many precious stones, such
elaborate handiwork none of Theodoric's band had ever seen before;
and the place rang with their exclamations of wonder.
But all this was nothing to the cunning feats of the Norgs, who,
at a sign from Lareyn, displayed their various talents before the
astonished eyes of the heroes. Some there were who lifted great stones
bigger than themselves, and threw them as far as the eye could reach,
then by swiftness attained the goal before the stone they threw! Others
rooted up great pine-trees, and broke them across as sticks. Others
did feats of tilting and horsemanship, and others danced and leapt
till the knights were lost in wonder at their agility and strength.
Lareyn now called his guests in to dine; and all manner of costly
dishes were set before them, arranged with greater care and taste
than Theodoric was used to in his own palace, while sweet-voiced
minstrels sang, and nimble Norgs danced. In the midst of the repast,
Simild, summoned by Lareyn, entered the hall, attended by a train of
five hundred choicely-robed Norginnen; her own attire a very wonder
of art. It was all of silk and down, and set off with ornaments of
jewellery beyond compare with any on earth; stones there were of value
enough to ransom three kingdoms; and in her coronet one which lighted
up the hall with its radiance--meet crown of her own loveliness! At
Lareyn's courteously worded request she gave all the guests a joyful
welcome, with a word of praise from her rosy lips for each, for their
fame of knightly deeds. But when she saw Dietlieb her joy knew no
bounds; they embraced each other with the heartfelt joy of those who
have been long and cruelly separated.
"Tell me, sister mine," said Dietlieb, anxiously turning to account
the brief opportunity her embrace gave him of whispering into her ear,
"is it of your own will that you are here, in this strange mountain
dwelling? is this Lareyn dear to you? and do you desire to dwell with
him? Or has his artifice been hateful to you? Say, shall I rid you
of his presence?"
"Brother, it is your help I need to decide this thing," replied the
maid. "Against Lareyn's mildness I have no word to say: gift upon gift
has been heaped upon me; with honour after honour have I been endowed;
and every wish of mine is fulfilled ere it is born. But when I think
of Him of whom all our pleasures are the bounty, I feel no pleasure in
pleasures so bestowed. This pagan folk holds Christ, our dear Lord, in
hate--and when I think of Him, I long to be again in Christendom [36]."
"Yes, Simild, sister dear, in Christendom is your place, not here; and
since such is your mind, cost what it will, I will set you free from
the Norg-king's power," was Dietlieb's answer; and there was no time
for more, for Lareyn called them back to the fresh-dressed banquet.
"Come, new allies but trusted friends!" cried the dwarf, "come, and
let us be merry, and pledge our troth in the ruby bowl! Lay aside
your heavy arms and armour, your sword and shield. Let us be light
and free as brothers together."
As he spoke a whole host of waiting-men appeared, who helped the
knights off with their armour, and brought them robes of rich stuffs
and costly work. The guests suffered them to do their will, for
they were lost in admiration at the choice banquet; at the table,
all of ivory inlaid with devices of birds and game so lifelike they
seemed to skim across the board; at the vessels of silver and gold
and crystal of untiring variety of design; and, above all, at the
order and harmony with which all was directed.
Cool wine from cellars under earth was now served round [37]; then
various dishes in constant succession, each rarer than the last;
and then again sounded soft, clear voices to the accompaniment of the
harmonious strings. And again and again the tankards were filled up
with Lautertrank, Moras [38], and wine.
At last the tables were drawn away, and at the same time Simild and
her maids withdrew; but many an hour more the guests sat while the
music and the singing continued to charm them. But lest even this
should weary, King Lareyn, as if determined there should be no end
to the change of pastimes with which he had undertaken to amuse his
guests, sent to fetch a certain conjuror who dwelt in the heart of a
high mountain, and whose arts surpassed any thing that had been done
before. The magician came at his bidding, and exhibited surprising
evidences of his craft, till at last the king said,--
"You are a cunning man, no doubt, but there is one exhibition of
your power you have never been able to give me, and I shall think
nothing of your art till you can satisfy me. In this country within
the mountains, these jewels fixed in vault, wall, and sky, weary one
with their perpetual glare. Make them to move as the luminaries of
earth, so that we may have calm, peaceful night for repose."
"True, O king! I have never before been able to accomplish this
desire," replied the magician; "but now I have acquired this art
also, and waited for a fitting occasion to make the first display of
the same."
"No occasion can be more fitting than the present," answered Lareyn,
"when by its inauguration you shall celebrate the visit of my honoured
guests, and also by its achievement afford them that rest from the
glare of day to which they are accustomed in their own nights."
"I desire but to obey," replied the magician; and forthwith he threw on
to the fire that burnt on a black stone before him, a powder which no
sooner touched the flame than a pale blue smoke arose with pleasing
scent, and, curling through the hall, presently extinguished the
brilliant shining of every countless jewel with which the walls and
roof were set.
"Now, if you are master of your art," continued the king, "let us
have light once more."
The magician, wrapt in his incantation, spoke not, but dropped another
powder on the flame, which at once sent up a wreathing fume of rainbow
hues, carrying back to every precious stone its lustre.
"Wondrous!" "Brave artist!" "Wondrous show indeed!" were the
exclamations which broke spontaneously from every lip.
"Now let it be dark again," said the king; and the magician quenched
the sparkling light as before.
"Now light," he cried; and so alternated until the sight was no longer
new. Now, it was dark, and this time Lareyn called no more for light,
nor spoke, and the silence was long; till the heroes grew anxious, and
Wittich turned to where Wolfhart had sat, and said, "I like not this:
who knows but that while we can see naught the Norgs may fall upon us
and destroy us?" But Wolfhart answered not, for a stupor had fallen
upon him that the fumes had been gifted to convey; and Wittich, too,
felt their influence before he could utter another word; so it was
with Hildebrand the Sage no less. Theodoric only had time to answer,
"Such treachery were not princely; and if Lareyn means harm to us,
he may be sure he will rue this day," and then sleep fell upon him
as on the others.
Dietlieb had already left the hall, thinking under cover of the
darkness to find his sister, but being met by a page had been conducted
to his apartment, and knew nothing of what had befallen the others.
Lareyn, meanwhile, sought out Simild in anxious mood. "Ever lovely
virgin!" he exclaimed, "support me with your prudent counsel in this
strait. I have already told you how your people have avenged on me
that I have loved you; how they have laid low my silken fence and
golden gates, and wasted my choice garden of roses. Good reprisals
I had thought to have taken, and had I been left man to man against
them I had overcome them all; but Hildebrand the Sage interposed
his advice: it was thus the Bernaere had the advantage over me, and
had it not been for your brother Dietlieb's stout defence, he had
even taken my life. But in all the other four beside him there is no
good, and in one way or another I had found means to rid me of them,
but for Dietlieb's sake, who would be as ready to oppose me in their
defence as he opposed Dietrich in mine. So, fair lady mine, say how
shall I end this affair?"
"If you would follow my advice," replied Simild, "be not rash;
and, above all, use no treachery; keep to the pact of peace that
you have sworn; and be sure the Christian knights will not go back
from their plighted word. But in place of the little girdle of
twelve-men's-strength that they took from you, here is a ring of
equal power which your seven magicians welded for me: with that you
will feel all your old consciousness of strength and dignity. But,
by all you hold dear, let the wigands go forth with honour!"
Lareyn was not slow to own that the counsel was good, and spoke as
if he would have followed it. But when he put on the ring, and found
himself endowed once more with twelve men's strength, he could not
forbear taking his sweet revenge for his yesterday's defeat and danger.
First, he had sevenfold bolts put on Dietlieb's door, that he might
not be able to come forth and aid his brethren; and then he sent
and called for one of the giants, who were always true allies to the
dwarfs, and entreated him to carry the heroes to a deep dungeon below
the roots of the mountains, where they should be bound, and shut out
from the light of day, and never again be able to do him harm.
The feat pleased the giant well; and, having bound a cord round the
waist of each of the sleeping heroes, slung the four over his shoulder
as if they had been no heavier than sparrows, and carried them to the
dungeon below the roots of the mountains, whither Lareyn led the way,
now skipping, now dancing, now singing, now laughing in high glee,
to think how well he had succeeded in ridding him of his foes--but
forgetting all about Simild's advice, and his promise to her.
It was not till next morning that the heroes woke; and then all was
cold and dark around them, and they knew they were no longer in the
hall of the banquet, for the iron chains and stanchions, the chill,
and must, and damp, and slime, told them they were in a dungeon
under earth.
Loudly they all exclaimed against the deceit with which they had
been caught, and loudly they all swore to find means to punish the
treacherous captor. But Theodoric's anger was greater than the anger
of them all; and the fiery breath [39] glowed so hot within him that
it scorched away the bonds with which he was bound!
Once more, then, his hands at least were free, and his companions
gave him joy; but his feet were still held to the rock by chains
of hard steel, the links as thick as a man's arm. Nevertheless, his
indignation was so great that when he beat them with his fists they
were obliged to yield, as they had been made of egg-shell; and when he
had broken his own chains he set to work and released the others also.
Great was their joy and thankfulness; but heaviness came down on them
again when they saw themselves closed in by the cruel rock, and all
their armour and weapons of defence locked up far away from them in
the Norg's castle. Another day they lay there in despair, and another,
for wise Hildebrand saw no way of passing through the rock [40].
Meantime Simild had grown uneasy at the silence that reigned in
the palace; there was no more sound of revel and festivity, and of
entertaining guests. She was no more sent for to entertain them, and
Lareyn hid himself from her, and avoided her. In dire fear she hunted
out the right key of her brother's apartment, and having covered
the glowing carbuncle in her coronet, which lighted up every place,
crept along silently till she had reached him.
"Sister mine!" exclaimed Dietlieb, "what does this mean? why am I
held fast by seven locks? and why do no tidings of my companions
reach me? Oh! had I but my sword and shield, I would release them
from the hands of Lareyn, and of how many Norgs soever he may have
at his command! or at least I would not survive to bear the shame of
living while they are in I know not what plight."
"Dietlieb, be guided by me," replied the maiden: "we must deliver them
out of the dire dungeon in which Lareyn has treacherously confined
them, but also we must have your life and honour safe. Take this ring
upon your hand, for against him who wears it none can prevail; and
then go and deliver your companions." With that she took him along
to where his armour lay concealed; and having girt him with it, she
said many a fervent blessing [41] over him, to preserve him from harm.
Endowed with the strength the ring gave him, Dietlieb was able to
load himself with the arms and armour of all the four heroes; and at
its command a way was made in the rock, through which he passed it in
to them. As each piece fell upon the hard floor, the clang re-echoed
through the far-off mountains.
Lareyn heard the noise, and knew what had befallen, so he sounded on
his horn the note that was known far and wide through all the lands
of the Norgs; and at the call three hundred thousand dwarfs appeared
swarming over the whole face of the country.
"To me, my men! to me!" cried Lareyn, as they drew near. "Before you
stands he who has essayed to release our enemies whom I and the giant
had bound under the roots of the mountains. He has given them back
their strong armour and their weapons of war, and if they get loose
and come among us, great havoc will they make of us, therefore smite
him down and destroy him!"
The dwarfs rushed on Dietlieb at the bidding of the king; but
Lareyn would not engage him himself, because he had fought for his
release. Dietlieb, young and strong, stood planted against a vault
of the rock, and as the mannikins approached him, he showered his
blows upon them, and sent them sprawling, till the dead and mangled
were piled up knee-deep around him.
The heroes heard the sound of the battle in their prison, and they
longed to take their part in the fray; but they saw no means of
breaking through the rock to reach him, till Hildebrand bethought him
that he had yet with him the girdle he had picked up when Theodoric
tore it from the Norg-king's body. This he now handed to the hero.
Theodoric took it, and spoke not for joy, but with its strength tore
down the living rock round the opening Dietlieb's ring had made,
and burst his way to stand beside the brave young Steieraere. This
done, scorning the girdle's strength, he cast it back to Hildebrand,
trusting in his good sword alone.
"Now, treacherous dwarf, come on!" he cried. "No knightly troth has
bound you, but against us, your guests and allies, you have acted
as one who has no right to live! Come here, and let me give you the
guerdon you have earned!"
Lareyn refused not; and the two fought with fury terrible to
behold. And yet Theodoric prevailed not. Then Hildebrand discerned
the ring of twelve-men's-strength on Lareyn's hand, where it was
not before, and knew it was a talisman, so he called to Theodoric,
and said,--
"Dietrich, my prince, seize yonder ring upon the Norg-king's hand! so
shall his strength be no more increased by the powers of his magic."
Theodoric, ever prone to be guided by the advice of the Sage, directed
a mighty blow upon the ring, so that the hoop must fain give way;
and the dwarf's power went from him.
"Now all your hosts, and all your arts, and all your gold shall profit
you nothing more!" So cried the Bernaere; "but condign penalties you
must suffer for your crime. My prisoner you are, nor is there any
can deliver you more."
The Norgs, grieving for their king's loss, trooped round Theodoric
and attacked him on every side; but he swang his good sword Velsungen
around, and at every sweep a hundred Norg's heads fell pattering at
his feet. Suddenly a little dwarf came running out from the mountain
rock, and seizing Lareyn's horn, blew on it notes which wandered wild
through all the forest-trees.
Five giants lived in the forest, and when they heard those notes they
knew the Norgs were in dire distress. With swift strides they came;
their helmets flashed like lightning over the tops of the pines;
and each brought his sword and pike of trenchant steel. The little
dwarf saw his brethren mown down like grass before the scythe,
and again sent forth his far-sounding notes of distress. The giants
heard it, and marched over hill and dale, till they came before the
mountain-side. Again the little dwarf sent out his appeal, and the
giants burst their way through the mountain; but albeit they came
with such speed, twelve thousand Norgs were meantime lost to King
Lareyn by Velsungen's strokes.
Dietlieb and Hildebrand, Wittich and Wolfhart mowed down their
harvest too.
Now they had to prepare for another kind of attack, for in fearful
array the five giants came down upon them, brandishing their clubs of
steel. But neither could these stand before the swords of the heroes,
and each several one laid low his adversary.
When the Norgs saw that their king was bound, and their best
fighting-men destroyed, and the giants themselves without breath,
they knew they could stand no longer before the wigands, but each
turned him and fled for refuge to the mountains.
The heroes then, seeing no more left to slay, went into the
banquet-hall, where only Simild stood, for all the Norgs had hidden
themselves in fear.
"Welcome, noble brother! and welcome, bold swords all!" cried the maid;
"you have delivered us from this treacherous king. Now you will go
home to your own land with glory and honour, and take me with you."
The heroes returned her greeting, and rejoiced in her praise; then
they piled up the treasure on to waggons, all they could carry, and
in triumph they made their way to earth, and Lareyn with them, bound.
First they directed their steps to Styria, till they came to the
spreading linden-tree whence Simild had first been taken; for there
sat Duke Biterolf, her father, bewailing his bereavement, and around
him trooped her maidens lamenting their companion.
All was restored to joy and gladness now that Simild was at home
again. They passed seven days in high festival, the heroes all
together; and many a time they had to tell the tale of their bold
deeds, and the wonders of the mountain-world. And the minstrels sang
to the merits of the conquerors, while the merry bowl passed round
and round.
At last Theodoric rose and thanked Biterolf for his hospitality,
who thanked him in return right heartily for the help he had lent
his son. With that Theodoric took his leave, and along with him went
Hildebrand the Sage, and Wittich the Wigand, and the strong Wolfhart,
and King Lareyn too, of whom Theodoric made his court-fool in his
palace at Verona.
THE NICKEL [42] OF THE ROeHRERBUeCHEL.
From the fourteenth to the sixteenth, in some few places down
to the seventeenth, centuries the mountains of Tirol were in many
localities profitably worked in the search after the precious metals;
many families were enriched; and the skill of the Tirolese miners
passed into a proverb throughout Europe. When the veins lying near the
surface had been worked out, the difficulty of bringing the machinery
required for deeper workings into use, in a country whose soil has
nowhere three square miles of plain, rendered the further pursuit so
expensive that it was in great measure abandoned, though some iron and
copper is still got out. There are many old shafts entirely deserted,
and their long and intricate passages into the bowels of the earth
not only afford curious places of excursion to the tourist, but are
replete with fantastic memories of their earlier destination.
One of the most remarkable of these is the so-called Roehrerbuechel,
which is situated between Kitzbuehl and St. Johann, and not far from
the latter place. It was one of the most productive and one of the
latest worked, and it boasted of having the deepest shaft that had
ever been sunk in Europe; but for above a hundred and fifty years it
has been taub [43], that is, deaf, to the sound of the pick and the
hammer and the voices of the Knappen [44].
I have given you my way of accounting for the cessation of the
mining-works. The people have another explanation. They say that the
Bergmaennlein, or little men of the mountains--the dwarfs who were the
presiding guardians of these mineral treasures--were so disgusted
with the avarice with which the people seized upon their stores,
that they refused to lend them their help any more, and that without
their guidance the miners were no longer able to carry on their search
aright, and the gnomes took themselves off to other countries.
One of these little men of the mountains, however, there was in
the Roehrerbuechle who loved his ancient house too well to go forth
to seek another; he still lingered about the mile-long clefts and
passages which once had been rich with ore, and often the peasants
heard him bewailing, and singing melancholy ditties, over his lonely
fate. They even thought he came out sometimes to watch them sadly
in their companionship of labour, and peeped through their windows
at them in their cosy cottages, while it was cold and dark where he
stood without: and many there were who took an interest in the Nickel
of the Roehrerbuechel.
The Goigner Joessl [45] had been mowing the grassy <DW72> near the
opening of the Roehrerbuechl; he was just putting up his implements to
carry home after his day's toil, when he espied the orphan Aennerl
[46] coming towards him. Her dark eyes had met his before that day,
and he never met her glance without a thrill of joy.
"I have been over to Oberndorf for a day's work," said orphan Aennerl,
"and as I came back I thought I would turn aside this way, and see
how you were getting on; and then we can go home together."
"So we will," answered Joessl; "but we're both tired, and the sun
isn't gone yet--let's sit down and have a bit of talk before we go."
Orphan Aennerl was nothing loath; and they sat and talked of the
events of the day, and their companions, and their work, and the
weather, and the prospects of the morrow. But both seemed to feel
there was something else to be said, and they sat on, as not knowing
how to begin.
At last Joessl removed his pointed hat from his head and laid it by his
side, and took out and replaced the jaunty feathers which testified
his prowess in the holiday sport [47], and finally cleared his throat
to say, softly,--
"Is this not happiness, Aennerl?--what can we want more in this
world? True, we work hard all day, but is not our toil repaid when
we sit together thus, while the warm evening sun shines round us,
and the blue heaven above and the green fields below smile on us,
and we are together? Aennerl, shall we not be always happy together?"
They were the very words that orphan Aennerl had so often longed to
hear her Joessl say. Something like them she had repeated to herself
again and again, and wondered if the happy day would ever come when
she should hear them from his own lips. Had he said them to her any day
of her whole life before, how warmly would she have responded to them!
To-day, however, it was different. The rich peasant's wife for whom
the poor orphan worked had been harsh to her that day, and for the
first time envious thoughts had found entrance into her mind, and
discontent at her lowly lot.
So, instead of assenting warmly, she only said,--
"Of course it's very nice, Joessl, but then it's only for a little
bit, you see. The hard toil lasts all day, nevertheless. Now to have
a Hof [48] of one's own, like the one I work upon at Oberndorf, with
plenty of cattle, and corn, and servants to work for you, that's what
I should call being happy! Sitting together in the sunset is all very
well, but we might have that besides."
The good, hard-working, thrifty, God-fearing Joessl looked aghast to
hear his Aennerl speak so. Beyond his day's wage honestly worked for,
and the feather in his Trutzhut bravely contended for, and his beloved
Aennerl wooed with tenderness and constancy--he had not a thought or
a wish in the wide world. Hitherto her views had been the counterpart
of his; now, for the first time, he perceived there was something
had come between them, and he felt disappointed and estranged.
"If that's your view, Aennerl girl, it isn't the Goigner Joessl that
will be able to make you happy," replied the youth at length, coldly;
"your best chance would be with the Nickel of the Roehrerbuechel," he
added, almost bitterly, as one who would say, Your case is desperate;
you have no chance at all.
"What was that?" said Aennerl, suddenly starting. "Who can be working
so late? Don't you hear a pick go 'click, clack'? Who can it be?"
"No one is working at this hour," replied Joessl, in no mood to be
pleased at the interruption. But as he spoke the bells of the villages
around toned forth the Ave-Maria. Both folded their hands devoutly
for the evening prayer; and in the still silence that ensued he could
not deny that he heard the sound of the pick vigorously at work,
and that, as it seemed, under the ground directly beneath their feet.
"It is the Bergmaennlein--it must be the Bergmaennlein
himself!" exclaimed Aennerl, with excitement.
"Nonsense! what silly tales are you thinking of?" replied Joessl,
inwardly reproaching himself for the light words he had just spoken
suggesting the invocation of a superstition with which his honest,
devout nature felt no sympathy; and, without letting the excited girl
exert herself to catch the strange sounds further, he led her home.
Aennerl's curiosity was roused, however, and was not to be so easily
laid to rest.
The next evening Joessl's work lay in a different direction, but no
sooner had the hour of the evening rest arrived than he started on the
road to Oberndorf, to see if he could meet his Aennerl coming home. But
there was no Aennerl on the path; and he turned homewards with a heavy
heart, fearing lest he had offended her, and that she was shunning him.
But Aennerl, whom the desire of being rich had overcome with all the
force of a new passion, had been more absorbed on that last memorable
evening by the idea of having heard the Bergmaennlein at work amid the
riches of the mines than with--what would have been so terrible a grief
at any other time--having offended her faithful Joessl. Accordingly,
on the next evening, instead of being on the look-out for Joessl to
walk home with her, her one thought had been to find out the same
place on the bank where they had sat--not with loving affection to
recall the happy words she had heard there, but to listen for the
sound of the Bergmaennl's axe, and perhaps follow it out; and then--and
then--who could tell what might befall? Perhaps she might be able to
obtain some chips of those vast wealth-stores unperceived; perhaps
the Bergmaennl's heart might be opened to her--who could say but,
in some mode or other, it might be the way to fortune?
She was not long in tracing out the spot, for she had marked the angle
which the well-known outline of the mighty Sonnengebirg bore to the
jagged "comb [49]" of the Kitzbichler-Horn, and for a nearer token,
there lay, just before her, the crushed wild-flower which her Joessl
had twisted and torn in his nervousness as he had brought himself to
speak to her for the first time of their future. But she thought not
of all that at that time; she was only concerned to find the spot,
and to listen for the stroke of the Nickel's pickaxe. "Hush!" that
was it again, sure enough! She lingers not on that happy bank; she
stops not to pick up one of those wild-flower tokens: 'click, clack,'
goes the axe, and that is the sound to guide her steps. The village
bells sound the Ave-Maria, but the sacred notes arrest her not--the
evening prayer is forgotten in the thirst for gold.
But Joessl heard the holy sound as he was retracing his steps
mournfully from his fruitless search after her, having missed her by
but a minute's interval. He heard it as he was passing a little old,
old wayside chapel, which you may yet see, with a lordly pine-tree
overshadowing it, and which records the melancholy fate of some Knappen
who perished in the underground workings. Joessl, who has no fear on the
steep mountain-side, and loves to hang dangerously between earth and
sky when he is out after the chamois, shudders when he thinks of those
long, dark, mysterious passages where the miners worked underground,
and, as he kneels on the stone step of that wayside memorial, obedient
to the village-bell, involuntarily applies his prayer to all those
who have to penetrate those strange recesses: "Be with them; help them
now and in the hour of death. Amen." If you had told him his Aennerl
was included in that prayer he would not have believed you then.
Meantime Aennerl had found her way to the opening of the old mine. It
has a lateral shaft through which you may walk some distance--a
very long way it seemed to Aennerl, now breathless and trembling,
but the nearing sounds of the Bergmaennl's tool kept up her courage,
and determined her not to give in till she had attained the goal.
On she went, groping her way with fear and trembling, and expecting
every moment to come upon some terrible sight. But, far from this,
in proportion as she got deeper into the intricate passages of the
Roehrerbuechel, the way, instead of getting darker, grew lighter and
lighter. A pale, clear, rosy light played on the sides of the working,
which, now that she looked at them close, she found to her astonishment
were not made of rough, yellow clay, as she had thought hitherto,
but of pure, sparkling gold, and encrusted with gems!
It was no longer fear that palsied her, it was a fascination of
delight at finding herself in the midst of those riches she coveted,
but the near approach of which brought back misgivings of the danger
of their possession of which she had so often heard, though without
ever previously feeling an application to herself in the warning.
Her curiosity far too strongly stimulated to yield to the counsel of
her conscience to turn and flee the temptation, she walked stealthily
on and on, till the faint, rosy light grew into a red, radiant glow,
which, as she reached its focus, quite dazzled her senses.
She now found herself in a broad and lofty clearing, into which the
long narrow passage she had so long been timorously pursuing ran,
and in the sides of which she saw the openings of many other similar
ramifications. The walls, which arched it in overhead and closed
it from the daylight, were of gold and silver curiously intermixed,
burnished resplendently, and their brilliance so overcame her that
it was some minutes before she could recover her sight to examine
more particularly the details of this magnificent abode.
Then she discovered that all this blaze of light came from one huge
carbuncle [50], and that carbuncle was set in the breast-bib of the
leathern apron worn by a dwarf, the clang of whose pickaxe had lured
her to the uncanny spot.
The dwarf was much too busily and too noisily engaged to notice
Aennerl's footsteps, so she had plenty of leisure to examine him. He
was a little awkward-shaped fellow, nearly as broad as he was long,
with brawny muscular arms which enabled him to wield his pick with
tremendous effect. He seemed, however, to be wielding it merely
for exercise or sport, for there did not appear to be any particular
advantage to be gained from his work, which only consisted in chipping
up a huge block of gold, and there were heaps on heaps of such chips
already lying about. Though his muscles displayed so much strength,
however, his face gave you the idea of a miserable, worn-out old man;
his cheeks were wrinkled and furrowed and bronzed; and the matted
hair of his head and beard was snowy white. As he worked he sang,
in dull, low, unmelodious chant, to which his pick beat time,--
"The weary Bergmaennl, old and grey,
Sits alone in a cleft of the earth for aye,
With never a friend to say, 'Good day.'
For a thousand years, and ten thousand more,
He has guarded earth's precious silver store,
Keeping count of her treasures of golden ore
By the light of the bright Karfunkelstein [51],
The only light of the Bergmaennlein
But never a friend to say, 'Good day,'
As he sits in a cleft of the earth for aye,
Has the lonely Bergmaennl, old and grey!"
He had poured out his ditty many times over while Aennerl stood
gazing at the strange and gorgeous scene. The ugly, misshapen,
miserable old man seemed altogether out of place amid the glories of
the wonderful treasure-house; and the glittering treasures themselves
in turn seemed misplaced in this remote subterranean retreat. Aennerl
was quite puzzled how to make it all out. It was the Nickel of the
Roehrerbuechel who was before her, she had no doubt of that, for he
was exactly what the tradition of the people had always described
him, and she had heard his ungainly form described before she could
speak; so familiar he seemed, indeed, from those many descriptions,
that it took away great part of the fear natural to finding herself
in so novel a situation.
At last the dwarf suddenly stopped his labour, and, as if in very
weariness, flung the tool he had been using far from him, so that
it fell upon a heap of gold chips near which Aennerl was standing,
scattering them in all directions. One of the sharp bits of ore hit
her rudely on the chin, and, anxious as she was to escape observation,
she could not suppress a little cry of pain.
Old and withered and haggard as he seemed, the Cobbold's eye glittered
with a light only second to that of the Karfunkelstein itself at the
sound of a maiden's voice, and quickly he turned to seize her. Aennerl
turned and fled, but the Nickel, throwing his leathern apron over
the shining stone on his breast, plunged the whole place in darkness,
and Aennerl soon lost her footing among the unevennesses of the way
and lay helpless on the ground. Her pursuer, to whom every winding
had been as familiar as the way to his pocket these thousand years,
was by her side in a trice, still singing, as he came along,--
"But never a friend to say, 'Good day,'
As he sits in a cleft of the earth for aye,
Has the lonely Bergmaennl, old and grey!"
The self-pitying words, and the melancholy tone in which they were
uttered, changed most of Aennerl's alarm into compassion; and when the
dwarf uncovered the carbuncle again, and the bright, warm red light
played once more around them, and showed up the masses of gold after
which she had so longed, she began to feel almost at home, so that
when the dwarf asked her who she was and what had brought her there,
she answered him quite naturally, and told him all her story.
"To tell you the truth," said the Cobbold, when she had finished,
"I am pretty well tired of having all this to myself. I was very
angry at one time, it is true, with the way in which your fellows
went to work destroying and carrying every thing away, and leaving
nothing for those that are to come after, and I was determined to
put a stop to it. I am not here to look after one generation, or two,
or three, but for the whole lot of you in all the ages of the world,
and I must keep things in some order. But now they have given this
place up and left me alone, I confess I feel not a little sorry. I
used to like to listen to their busy noises, and their songs, and
the tramp of their feet. So, if you've a mind to make up for it,
and come and sit with me for a bit now and then, and sing to me some
of the lively songs you have in your world up there, I don't say I
won't give you a lapful of gold now and then."
A lapful of gold! what peasant girl would mind sitting for a bit now
and then, and singing to a poor lonely old fellow, to be rewarded
with a lapful of gold? Certainly not Aennerl! Too delighted to speak,
she only beamed assent with her dark, flashing eyes, and clapped her
hands and laughed for joy.
"It's many a day since these walls have echoed a sound like that," said
the dwarf, with deep feeling, and as Aennerl's smile rested on him, it
seemed to wipe away some of the rough dark wrinkles that furrowed his
cheeks and relax the tension of his knit brows. "And yet there's more
worth in those echoes than in all the metallic riches which resound to
them! Yes, my lass, only come and see the poor old Bergmaennl sometimes,
and cheer him a bit, and you shall have what you will of his."
With that he led her gently back into the great vault where she had
first seen him working, and, stirring up a heap with his foot, said,--
"There, lass, there's the Bergmaennl's store; take what you will--it is
not the Bergmaennl that would say nay to a comely wench like you. Why,
if I were younger, and a better-looking fellow, it would not be my
lapfuls of gold I should offer you, it would be the whole lot of
it--and myself to boot! No, no, I shouldn't let you go from me again:
such a pretty bird does not come on to the snare to be let fly again,
I promise you! But I'm old and grey, and my hoary beard is no match for
your dainty cheeks. But take what you will, take what you will--only
come and cheer up the poor old Bergmaennl a bit sometimes."
Aennerl had not wanted to be told twice. Already she had filled her
large pouch and her apron and her kerchief with all the alacrity
of greed. So much occupied was she with stowing away the greatest
possible amount of the spoil, that she scarcely remembered to thank
the Bergmaennl, who, however, found pleasure enough in observing the
rapturous gestures her good fortune elicited.
"You'll come again?" said the Cobbold, as he saw her turn to go when
she had settled her burden in such a way that its weight should least
impede her walking.
"Oh, yes, never fear, I'll come again! When shall I come?"
"Oh, when you will! Let's see, to-day's Saturday, isn't it? Well,
next Saturday, if you like."
"Till next Saturday, then, good-bye!" said Aennerl, panting only to
turn her gold to account; and so full was she of calculation of what
she would do with it, that she never noticed the poor old dwarf was
coming behind her to light her, and singing, as he went,--
"The weary Bergmaennl, old and grey,
Sits alone in a cleft of the earth for aye,
With never a friend to say, 'Good day.'
For a thousand years, and ten thousand more,
He has guarded earth's precious silver store,
Keeping count of her treasures of golden ore
By the light of the bright Karfunkelstein,
The only light of the Bergmaennlein.
But never a friend to say, 'Good day,'
As he sits in a cleft of the earth for aye,
Has the lonely Bergmaennl, old and grey!"
Aennerl had no time for pity; she was wholly absorbed in the
calculation of the grand things she could now buy, the fine dresses
she would be able to wear, and in rehearsing the harsh speeches of
command with which she would let fling at the girls whom she would
take into her service, and who yesterday were the companions-in-labour
of orphan Aennerl.
The village was all wrapt in silence and sleep as Aennerl got back
with her treasure.
"So late, and so laden! poor child!" said the parish priest, as he
came out of a large old house into the lane, and met her. "I have
been commending to God the soul of our worthy neighbour Bartl. He was
open-handed in his charity, and the poor will miss a friend; he gave us
a good example while he lived--Aennerl, my child, bet' fuer ihn [52]."
Aennerl scarcely returned his greeting, nor found one word of sorrow
to lament the loss of the good old Bartl; for one thought had taken
possession of her mind at first hearing of his death. Old Bartl had
a fine homestead, and one in which all was in good order; but Bartl
was alone in the world, there was no heir to enter on his goods: it
was well known that he had left all to the hospital, and the place
would be sold. What a chance for Aennerl! There was no homestead in
the whole Gebiet [53] in such good order, or so well worth having,
as the Hof of old Bartl.
Aennerl already reckoned it as hers, and in the meantime kept an eye
open for any chances of good stock that might come into the market.
Nor were chances wanting. The illness which had carried old Bartl to
the grave had been caught at the bedside of the Wilder Juergl [54]. A
fine young man he had been indeed, but the villagers had not called him
"Wild" without reason; and because he had loved all sorts of games,
and a gossip in the tavern, and a dance with the village maids more
than work, all he had was in confusion. He always said he was young,
and he would set all straight by-and-by, there was plenty of time. But
death cut him off, young as he was; and his widow found herself next
morning alone in the world, with three sturdy boys to provide for,
all too young to earn a crust, and all Juergl's debts to meet into the
bargain. There was no help for it: the three fine cows which were the
envy of the village, and which had been her portion at her father's
death, only six months before, must be sold.
Aennerl was the purchaser. Once conscience reproached her with a
memory of the days long gone by, when she and that young widow were
playmates, when orphan Aennerl had been taken home from her mother's
grave by that same widow's father, and the two children had grown up
in confidence and affection with each other. "Suppose I left her the
cows and the money too?" mused Aennerl--but only for a moment. No;
had they been any other cows, it might have been different--but just
those three which all the village praised! one which had carried
off the prize and the garland of roses at the last cow-fight [55],
and the others were only next in rank. That was a purchase not to be
thrown away. Still she was dissatisfied with herself, and inclined
to sift her own mind further, when she was distracted by the approach
of loud tramping steps, as of one carrying a burden.
It was the Langer Peterl; and a goodly burden he bore, indeed--a
burden which was sure to gather round him all the people of Reith,
or any other place through which he might pass.
Aennerl laughed and clapped her hands. "Oh, Peterl, you come erwuenscht
[56]!" she exclaimed. "Show me what you have got to sell--show me all
your pretty things! I want an entirely new rig-out. Make haste! show
me the best--the very best--you have brought."
"Show you the best, indeed!" said the Langer Peterl, scarcely
slackening his pace, and not removing the pipe from his mouth; for
hitherto he had only known the orphan Aennerl by her not being one of
his customers. "Show you the best, indeed, that what you can't buy you
may amuse yourself with a sight of! And when you've soiled it all with
your greasy fingers, who'll buy it, d'you suppose? A likely matter,
indeed! Show you the best! ha! ha! ha! you don't come over me like
that, though you have got a pair of dark eyes which look through into
a fellow's marrow!"
"Nonsense, Peterl!" replied Aennerl, too delighted with the thought
of the finery in prospect even to resent the taunt; "I don't want
to look at it merely--not I, I can tell you! I want to buy it--buy
it all up--and pay you your own price! Here, look here, does this
please you?" and she showed him a store of gold such as in all his
travels he had never seen before.
"Oh, if that's your game," said the long Peter, with an entirely
changed manner, "pick and choose, my lady, pick and choose! Here are
silks and satins and laces, of which I've sold the dittos to real
ladies and countesses; there are----"
"Oh, show me the dittos of what real ladies and countesses have
bought!" exclaimed Aennerl, with a scream of delight; and the pedlar,
who was not much more scrupulous than others of his craft, made
haste to display his gaudiest wares, taking care not to own that
it was seldom enough his pack was lightened by the purchases of a
"real lady." To have heard him you would have thought his dealings
were only with the highest of the land.
But it needed only to say, "This is what my lady the Countess of
Langtaufers wears," "This is what my lady the Baronin Schroffenstein
bought of me," for Aennerl to buy it at the highest price the Long
Peter's easy conscience could let him extort; and, indeed, had he not
felt a certain commercial necessity for reserving something to keep up
his connexion with his ordinary customers on the rest of his line of
route, orphan Aennerl would have bought up all that was offered her
under these pretences, and without stopping to consider whether the
materials or colours were well assorted, or whether such titles as
those with which the pedlar dazzled her understanding existed at all!
The next day was a village festival in Reith. And the quiet people of
Reith thought the orphan Aennerl had gone fairly mad when they saw at
church the extravagant figure she cut in her newly-acquired finery;
for, in her hurry to display it, she had in one way and another piled
her whole stock of purchases on her person at once. A showy skirt
embroidered with large flowers of many colours, and trimmed with
deep lace, was looped up with bright blue ribbons and rosettes over a
petticoat of violet satin, beneath which another of a brilliant green
was to be seen. Beneath this again, you might have descried a pair of
scarlet stockings; and on her shining shoes a pair of many-
rosettes and shoe-buckles. The black tight-fitting bodice of the local
costume was replaced by a kind of scarlet hussar's jacket trimmed with
fur, fastened at the throat and waist with brooches which must have
been originally designed for a stage-queen. From her ears dangled
earrings of Brobdignagian dimensions; and on her head was a hat and
feathers as unlike the little hat worn by all in Reith as one piece
of head-gear could well be to another.
Of course, it did not befit a lady so decked to take the lowly seat
which had served the orphan Aennerl; before the Divine office began
she had seated herself in the most conspicuous place in the church,
so that no one lost the benefit of the exhibition; and it may well
be believed that the congregation had no sooner poured out of the
sacred building than the appearance of the orphan Aennerl was the
one theme of a general and noisy conversation.
For some it was a source of envy; for some, of ridicule; for some
unsophisticated minds, of simple admiration. But the wiser heads kept
silence, or said, in tones of sympathy, "The orphan Aennerl isn't
the girl the Goigner Joessl took her for."
Joessl had been to church in his own village of Goign, and had therefore
been spared the sight, as well as the comments it had elicited. But
as he came towards Reith to take his Aennerl for the holiday walk,
he noticed many strange bits of hinting in the greetings he received,
which puzzled him so, that, instead of going straight on to Aennerl,
he sat down on the churchyard wall, pondering what it could all
mean. "I wish you joy of your orphan Aennerl!" one had said. "Goigner
Joessl, Goigner Joessl, take my advice, and shun the threshold of orphan
Aennerl!" were the words of another, and he was an old man and a sage
friend too. "Beware, Goigner Joessl, beware!" seemed written on every
face he had met--what could it all mean? He wandered forward uncertain,
and then back again, then on again, till he could bear it no longer,
and he determined to go down to the Wirthshaus beim Stangl, and ask
his mates to their face what they all meant.
Before he came in sight of the door, however, he changed his
resolution. Through the open window he heard noisy talk, and noisiest
of all was the voice of the Langer Peterl. Honest Joessl had an
invincible antipathy to the wheedling, the gossip, the bluster, and
the evil tongue of the Langer Peterl, and he never trusted himself to
join his company, for he knew a meeting with him always led to words.
Determining to wait till he was gone, he walked about outside, and
as there is always a train of waggons waiting at the Wirthshaus am
Stangl while the wayworn carters refresh themselves, he could easily
remain unperceived.
Thus, however, he became unintentionally the hearer of all he desired
to know--much more than he desired, I should say.
"I tell you, she,--Aennerl would have bought my whole pack if I'd
have let her!" vociferated the Langer Peterl; "and I might have
saved myself all further tramping, but that I wouldn't disappoint my
pretty Ursal, and Trausl, and Moidl, and Marie," he added, in a tone
of righteousness.
"Buy it, man! you don't mean buy it! She got it out of you one way
or another, but you don't mean she bought it, in the sense of paying
for it?"
"Yes, I do. I say, she paid for it in pure gold!"
"No, that won't do!" said other voices; "where could she get gold
from?"
"Oh, that's not my affair," replied the pedlar, "where she got it
from! It wouldn't do for a poor pedlar to ask where his customers
get their money from--ha! ha! ha! I'm not such a fool as that! I
know the girl couldn't have it rightfully, as well as you do, but it
wouldn't do for me to refuse all the money I suspect is not honestly
come by--ha! ha! I should then drive a sorry trade indeed!"
Joessl's first impulse had been to fly at the Langer Peterl, and, as
he would have expressed it, thrust the lie down his throat; but then,
he reflected; where had the girl got the money from? what could he
say? To dispute it without having means of disproving it was only
opening wider the sore; and while he stood dejected and uncertain
the conversation went on more animated than before.
"I agree with you!" cried, between two whiffs of smoke, an idle
Bursch, on whom since the death of the Wilder Juergl that nickname had
descended by common consent. "What right have we to be prying into
our neighbour's business? If the girl's got money, why should any
one say she hasn't a right to it? She's an uncommon fine girl, I say,
and looks a long way better than she did before in her beggarly rags;
and a girl that can afford to dress like that is not to be despised,
I say."
That the speaker had only received the cognomen of Wild after the
Wilder Juergl was only in that he was younger; he had earned the
right to it in a tenfold degree. None of the steady lads of either
Goign or Reith or Elmau, or any other place in the neighbourhood,
would make a friend of him, and that is why he now sat apart from
the others smoking in a corner.
To be praised and defended by the Wilder Karl was a worse compliment
than to be suspected by the steadier ones. The words therefore threw
the assembly into some embarrassment for a moment, till the Kleiner
Friedl [57], a sworn friend of Joessl, thinking he ought to strike a
blow in his defence somewhere, cried out, in a menacing tone,--
"Very well played, Wilder Karl! but I see your game. You think because
the girl's got money she's a good chance for you. You think her
flaunting way will estrange steady Goigner Joessl, and then you think
you may step in between them--and a sorry figure she'd cut two days
after you'd had the handling of her! She wouldn't have much finery
left then, I'll warrant! The Langer Peterl there would have it all
back at half-price, and that half-price would all be in the pocket
of our honest Wirth am Stangl. But it's in vain; whatever she is,
she'll be true to the Goigner Joessl, I'll warrant--and as for you,
she wouldn't look at you!"
Wilder Karl rose to his feet, and glared at the Kleiner Friedl with
a glance of fury. "I wager you every thing you and I have in the
world, that I'll make her dance every dance with me at the Jause
[58] this very night!" and he shook his fist with a confident air,
for he had a smooth tongue and a comely face, and Aennerl would not
have been the first girl these had won over.
"That you won't," said the Wirth, coming to Friedl's rescue, who was
but a young boy, and had felt rather dismayed at the proposed wager,
"for I'm not sure, till all this is cleared up, that I should admit her
to the dance. But the difficulty will not arise, for Aennerl herself
told my daughter Moidl that now she could wear a lady's clothes it
would be impossible for her to come any more to the village dance."
Strengthened by the support of the Wirth [59], the Kleiner Friedl
felt quite strong again; and he could not forbear exclaiming, "There,
I told you there was no chance for you, Wilder Karl!"
But Wilder Karl, furious at the disappointing news of the Wirth,
and maddened by the invective of the Kleiner Friedl, rushed at the
boy head-over-heels, bent on mischief.
But Wilder Karl, though a bully and a braggart, inspired no respect,
because no feather adorned his hat, and that showed he was no champion
of any manly pursuit. So the whole room was on the side of Kleiner
Friedl; and the bully having been turned out, and the subject of
conversation pretty well exhausted, the Goigner Joessl turned slowly
home.
Now I don't say that he was right here. He was an excellent young
man, endowed in an especial degree with Tirolese virtues. His parents
had never had a moment's uneasiness about him; no one in the whole
village was more regular or devout at church; in the field none more
hard-working or trustworthy; at the village games and dances none
acquitted himself better; and had a note of danger to his country
sounded in his time I am sure he would have been foremost to take
his place among its living ramparts, and that none would have borne
out the old tradition of steadfastness more manfully than he.
But of course he had his faults too. And one of his faults was the
fault of many good people,--the fault of expecting to find every one
as good as themselves, of being harsh and unforgiving, of sulking
and pining instead of having an open explanation.
Now, mind you, I think it would have been much better if Joessl had,
after hearing the conversation I have just narrated, gone straight on
to Aennerl's, and had it all out with her, had heard from her own lips
the truth of the matter about which all Reith and Goign were talking,
and judged her out of her own mouth, giving her, if he could not
approve her conduct, advice by which she might mend it in the future.
But this was not his way. He had thought his Aennerl a model, almost
a divinity. He had always treated her as such, talked to her as such,
loved her as such. It was clear now, however, that in some way or
other she had done wrong. Instead of getting to the bottom of it, and
trying to set it straight, he gave himself up to his disappointment
and went home and sulked, and refused to be comforted.
Aennerl, meantime, knew nothing of all this. She had had a great desire
to be a lady and no longer a servant; and having plenty of money,
and plenty of fine clothes, she thought this made her a lady, and had
no idea but that every one acknowledged the fact. I don't think she
exactly wished that all the village should be envious of her, but at
all events she wished that she should enjoy all the prerogatives of
ladyhood, and this, she imagined, was one. Then she had no parents
to teach her better, and Joessl, who might have been her teacher,
had forsaken her.
But it was all too new and too exciting for her to feel any misgivings
yet. She amused herself with turning over all her fine things, and
fancied herself very happy.
In another day or two the Hof of good neighbour Bartl was put up for
sale, and another visit to the Bergmaennlein enabled her to become the
purchaser. She thus became the most important proprietor in Reith;
but she was so little used to importance that she did not at all
perceive that the people treated her very differently from the former
proprietor of the Hof.
Before him every hat was doffed with alacritous esteem due to his
age and worth. But poor Aennerl hardly received so much as the old
greeting, which in the days of companionship in poverty had always
been the token of good fellowship with her, as with every one.
It was long before any suspicion that she was mistrusted reached the
mind of Aennerl. In the meantime she enjoyed her new condition to
the full. Weekly visits to the Roehrerbuechel enabled her to purchase
every thing she desired; and when the villagers held back from her,
she ascribed their diffidence to the awe they felt for her wealth.
In time, however, the novelty began to wear off. She grew tired at
last of giving orders to her farm-servants, and watching her sleek
cattle, and counting her stores of grain. That Joessl had not been
to see her, she never ascribed to any thing but his respect for her
altered condition; and she felt that she could not demean herself by
being united to a lad who worked for day-wages.
Still grandeur began to tire, and her isolation made her proud,
and angry, and cross; and then people shunned her still more, and
upon that she grew more vexed and angry. But, worse than this, she
got even so used to her riches that she quite forgot all about the
Nickel to whom she owed them. Her farm was so well stocked that it
produced more than her wildest fancies required; she had no need to
go back to the Roehrerbuechel to ask for more gold, and she had grown
too selfish to visit it out of compassion to the dwarf.
The Bergmaennlein upon this grew disappointed; but his disappointment
was of a different kind from Joessl's. He was not content to sit apart
and sulk; he was determined to have his revenge.
One bleak October night, when the wind was rolling fiercely down
from the mountains, there was a sudden and fearful cry of "Fire!" in
the village of Reith. The alarm-bells repeated the cry aloud and
afar. The good people rose in haste, and ran into the lane with that
ready proffer of mutual help which distinguishes the mountain-folk.
The whole sky was illumined, the fierce wind rolled the flames and
the smoke hither and thither. It was Aennerl's Hof which was the
scene of the devastation. The fire licked up the trees, and the farm,
and the rooftree before their eyes. So swift and unnatural was the
conflagration that the people were paralyzed in their endeavour to
help. One ran for ladders, another for buckets; but before any help
could be obtained the whole homestead was but one vast bonfire. Then,
madly rushing to the top of the high pointed roof, might be seen the
figure of Aennerl clothed only in her white night-dress, and shrieking
fearfully, "Save me! save me!" Every moment the roof threatened to fall
in, and the agonized beholders watched her and sent up loud prayers,
but were powerless to save.
Suddenly, on the road from Goign a figure was seen hasting along. It
was the Goigner Joessl. Would he be in time? The crowd was silent now,
even their prayers were said in silence, for every one gasped for
breath, and the voice failed. A trunk of an old branchless tree yet
bent over the burning ruins. Joessl had climbed that trunk and was
making a ladder of his body by which to rescue Aennerl all frantic
from the roof. Will he reach her? Will his arm be long enough? Will
he fall into the flame? Will he be overpowered by the smoke? See! he
holds on bravely. The smoke rolls above his head, the flames dart
out their fierce fangs beneath him! He holds on bravely still. He
calls to Aennerl. She is fascinated with terror, and hears him
not. "Aennerl! Aennerl!" once more, and his voice reached her, and
with it a sting of reproach for her scornful conduct drives her to
hide her face from his in shame.
"Aennerl! Aennerl!" yet once again; and he wakes her, as from a dream,
to a life like that of the past the frenzy had obliterated. She forgets
where she is; but the voice of Joessl sounded to her as it sounded in
the years gone by, and she obeys it mechanically. She comes within
reach--and he seizes her! But the flames are higher now, and the
smoke denser and more blinding. "Jesus Maria! where are they? They
have fallen into the flames at last! Jesus, erbarme Dich ihrer [60]!"
"Hoch! Hoch! Hoch [61]!" shouts the crowd, a minute later. "They
are saved, Gott sei dank, they are saved!" and a jubilant cry rings
through the valley which the hills take up and echo far and wide.
On the edge of the crowd, apart, stands a little misshapen old man
with grey, matted hair and beard, whom no one knows, but who has
watched every phase of the catastrophe with thrilling emotion.
It was he who first raised the cry that they had fallen into the
flames; and the people sickened as they heard it, for he spoke it in
joy, and not in anguish. In the gladness of the deliverance they have
forgotten the old man, but now he shouted once more, as he dashed his
hood over his head in a tone of disappointed fury, "I did it! and I
will have my revenge yet!"
"No; let there be peace," said Joessl, who had deposited Aennerl
in safe hands, and now came forth to deal one more stroke for her;
"let there be peace, old man, and let bygones be bygones."
"Never!" said the Cobbold; "I have said I will have my revenge,
and I will have it!"
"But," argued Joessl, "have you not had your revenge? All you gave
her you have had taken away--she is as she was before: can you not
leave her so?"
"No!" thundered the dwarf; "I will have the life of her before
I've done."
"Never!" in his turn shouted Joessl; and he placed himself in front
of the elf.
"Oh, don't be afraid," replied the dwarf, with a cold sneer, "I'm not
going after her. I've only to wait a bit, and she'll come after me."
Joessl was inclined to let him go, but remembering the instability
of woman, he thought it better to make an end of the tempter there
and then.
"Will you promise me, that if I let you return to your hole in peace,
you will do her no harm should she visit you there again?"
"I promise you that I will serve her to the most frightful of
deaths--that's what I promise you!" retorted the enraged gnome.
"Then your blood be on your own head!" said Joessl, and, with his
large hunting-knife drawn in his hand, he placed himself in a menacing
attitude before the now alarmed dwarf.
Joessl was a determined, powerful youth, not to be trifled with. The
gnome trusted to the strength of his muscles, and fled with all
his speed; but Joessl, who was a cunning runner too, maintained his
place close behind him. The dwarf, finding himself so hotly followed,
began to lose his head, and no longer felt so clearly as at first the
direction he had to take to reach the Roehrerbuechel. Joessl continued
to drive him before him, puzzling him on the zigzags of the path
till he had completely lost the instinct of his way of safety. Then,
forcing him on as before to the edge of the precipice, he closed upon
him where there was no escape.
Yes, one escape there was--it was in the floods of the Brandenburger
Ache, which roared and boiled away some hundred feet below! Rather
than fall ignominiously by the hand of a child of man, the gnome
dashed himself, with a fierce shout, down the abyss. And that was
the last that was ever seen of the Nickel of the Roehrerbuechel.
Aennerl was now poorer than ever in this world's goods, but she was
rich in one deep and wholesome lesson--that it is not glittering wealth
which brings true happiness. The smiles of honest friends, and the
love of a true heart, and the testimony of an approving conscience are
not to be bartered away for all the gold in all the mines of the earth.
Wilder Karl laughed with his two or three boon companions, and said,
with a burst of contempt, "I've no doubt that fool of a Goigner Joessl
will marry the orphan Aennerl now that she hasn't a penny to bless
herself with!"
And the Wilder Karl judged right. Aennerl scarcely dared hope that he
could love her still, and she went forth humbly to her work day by
day, neither looking to the right hand nor the left, accepting all
the hardships and humiliations of her lot as a worthy punishment of
her folly and vanity.
But one evening as she came home from her toil, the Goigner Joessl
came behind her, and he said softly in her ear, "Do you love me still,
Aennerl?"
"Love you still, Joessl!" cried the girl; "you have thrice given me
life--first when I was a poor, heartbroken orphan, and you made me
feel there was still some one to live for in the world; and then a
second time, in that dreadful fire, when hell seemed to have risen
up out of the earth to punish me before the time; and now again this
third time, when I began to think my folly had sickened you for good
and all! Don't ask me that, Joessl, for you must know I love you more
than my life! If I dared, there is one question I should ask you,
Can you still love me? but I have no right to ask that."
"I must answer you in your own words, Aennerl," replied Joessl:
"you must know that I love you more than my life!"
"You must, you must--you have shown it!" exclaimed Aennerl. They
had reached the bank near the Roehrerbuechel where we first saw them;
the rosy light of the sunset, and the scent of the wild flowers,
was around them just as on that night.
"Yes," said Aennerl, after a pause, as if it were just then that
Joessl had said the words [62]--"yes, Joessl, this is happiness; we want
nothing more in this world than the warm sun, and the blue sky--and
to be together! Yes, Joessl, we shall always be happy together."
They walked on together; as they reached the memorial of the dead
miners the village bells rang the Ave. And as they knelt down,
how heartfelt was Joessl's gratitude that the prayer he had uttered
at that spot once before had been so mercifully answered, and his
Aennerl restored to him for ever!
THE WILDER JAeGER AND THE BARONESS.
There was a rich and powerful baron who owned a broad patrimony
in South Tirol, Baron di Valle. He was not only one of the richest
and most powerful, he was also one of the happiest, for he had the
prettiest and most sensible woman of Tirol for his bride. The brief
days were all too short for the pleasure they found in each other's
society, and they were scarcely ever apart the whole day through.
Once, however, the Baron went on a hunting party through a part of
the country which was too rough for the Baroness to follow him. The
day was splendid, the scent good, and the Baron full of enthusiasm
for his favourite sport; but what egged him on more than all these,
was the sight of a strange bold hunter who bestrode a gigantic mount,
and who dashed through brake and briar, and over hill and rock,
as if no obstacle could arrest him. Baron di Valle, who thought he
was the boldest hunter of the whole country-side, was quite mad to
see himself outdone; nor could he suffer this to be. Determined to
outstrip his rival, he spurred his horse on, so that he might but
pass him somewhere; but the Wilder Jaeger, for it was he, always kept
on ahead, and though the brave Baron kept close to his heels, he was
never able to pass him by.
They had long outstripped all the rest. But all this time the Baron
had taken no note of whither he went; now he found himself in the midst
of a thick forest of tall fir-trees, with their lower branches cut off
because they were planted so thick and close together that there was no
room between them, and their tops were intergrown so that they formed
one compact mass, excluding the very air and the light of day. The Wild
Hunter stopped his mad career before this barrier, and then, turning,
pretended for the first time to be aware of the Baron's presence.
"What do you want here?" he exclaimed, fiercely, his rolling eyes
glaring like fire. "How dare you invade my domain!" and with that he
blew a mighty blast on his hunting-horn, at sound of which a whole
troop of wild huntsmen, habited like himself, and with similar fiery
eyes, appeared suddenly, surrounding the Baron.
"Stand back!" cried the Baron, in a commanding tone, as the wild
huntsmen dismounted and prepared to seize him.
"No one commands here but I," said the Wilder Jaeger. And then he added,
addressing his men, "Seize him, and carry him off!"
"Hold!" said the Count, but speaking more humbly than before, for he
saw he must yield something to the necessity of the case; "I suppose
there is some ransom upon which you will let me off? I have wronged
you in nothing, and meant no offence. I admired your brave riding,
and I thought what one brave man might do, another might."
"Since you take that tone," said the Wilder Jaeger, "I will do what
I can for you. I will let you ransom yourself at one price. You must
know, that it is not you that I want at all; I only lured you here as
a means of getting hold of the Baroness, and had you been uppish and
violent, I should have kept you in chains for the rest of your life,
while I married her. But as you know how to keep a civil tongue in
your head, I will show you that I can appreciate courtesy. So now
I give you permission to return, to be yourself the bearer to your
wife of my conditions.
"Tell her, then, that I have won her for my own, and she belongs
irrevocably to me; it is useless that she attempt to escape, for you
see that my people are countless, and violence is of no avail against
me. But I am a good sort of fellow, and as I love her, I don't want to
do any thing to alarm her, so long as she shows no foolish resistance."
"But the ransom? You spoke of a ransom just now," interposed the Baron,
hastily; "what, about that?"
"All in good time," replied the Wilder Jaeger--"give a fellow time
to speak. The only mode of ransom is this--let the Baroness guess
my name. I give her three guesses of three words each, and an
interval of a month. But if she doesn't succeed, remember, she is
mine! this day month I appear and claim her. If, in the meantime,
she thinks she has made the guess, and wants to satisfy herself as to
its correctness"--and he laughed a ghastly laugh of scorn, as if to
impress the Baron with the hopelessness of the idea--"she has only
to come to the ilex grove on the border of this forest which marks
the frontier between your territory and mine. If she stands there,
beside the centre tree, and blows this horn--see what a pretty little
gold horn it is, that I have had studded with diamonds and rubies--just
fit for her pretty little fingers!" he added, with a grin of scorn--"at
sound of her voice I shall be with her on the instant."
The Baron was not one to have tolerated such talk from any human
being soever, but he felt the necessity of vanquishing his temper this
time--a more difficult matter ordinarily than vanquishing a foe--for a
dearer life than his own was at stake; and if he could not altogether
save the Baroness from the power of the Wilder Jaeger, he could take
counsel with her as to the means of finding out the hidden name,
and at least spend with her the last days that he could call her his.
Accordingly he took the horn, and stuck it in his belt without a
word. And indeed no word would have availed him, for the whole troop
of the wild huntsmen had vanished as it came, and he was left alone.
There was no difficulty in finding his way back by the path by which
he had come, for it was plainly marked by the havoc of the surrounding
vegetation the wild chase had cost. And though he now put spurs to
his steed that he might reach home without losing an hour more than
he could help of the companionship of his beloved wife, he now for
the first time apprehended how swiftly he had come, for, riding the
utmost of mortal speed, it took him three days to get back to the ilex
grove which marked the boundary of his own territory. Hence it was
still half a day's journey to reach his castle. But while he was yet
a great way off his loving wife came out to meet him, full of joy at
his approach, for since the rest of the hunt had come home without him
she had done nothing but watch from the highest turret of the castle,
that she might catch the first sight of him returning; her thirsty
eyes had not been slow to discern his figure as he hastened home.
Great was her amazement, however, to find that, instead of returning
her greeting with his wonted delight, he turned his head away, as if
he dared not look at her, and wept. She rode beside him all the way
home, but he still kept silence, for he could not bear to render her
sorrowful with the message of which he was the bearer. But he could
conceal nothing from her loving solicitude, and soon he had told
her all.
Being a woman of prudent counsel and strong trust in God, she was much
less cast down, however, than he had expected. Though bewildered at
first, and seeing no way out of the difficulty, she yet declared she
was sure some way of escape would be opened to her, it only remained
to consider where they should find it. And never a word of angry
recrimination did she utter to remind him that it was his mad vanity
had brought them to this plight.
The Baron felt the full force of this forbearance, for he did
nothing but reproach himself with his folly. But the fresh proof of
her amiability only occasioned another pang at the thought of the
approaching separation.
Still no good counsel came to mind, and the Baroness herself began
almost to lose heart. The Baron had abandoned the hunt and all his
sports, and sat gloomily in the ancient seat of his ancestors. The
Baroness sat among the flowers of her oriel window, her embroidery
in her hand; but her mind was far away over the tops of the dark
green trees, looking for some bright thought to bring deliverance
to her from above. Every morning and evening they knelt together in
the chapel of the castle, and prayed that a spirit of prudence and
counsel might be given them.
Ten days had passed, and no good thought had come. The Baron reclined
gloomily in the ancient seat of his ancestors, and the lady sat
among the flowers of the oriel window gazing over the tops of the
high dark fir-trees, full of hope that some wise counsel would be
given her. Suddenly she rose and clapped her hands, and her ringing
laugh brought the Baron bounding to her side.
"I have found it, Heinrich!" she exclaimed; "I am sure I have found
the name! Doesn't the Wilder Jaeger live among the tall fir-trees?"
"Yes; among the tall fir-trees is his dwelling."
"And didn't he speak of three names?"
"Yes; he said your guess must include three names."
"Then I have it, Heinrich! What more natural than that he should be
called from the names of the trees which form his palace? As I was
gazing over the tops of the high dark trees the words came into my
mind, 'Tree, Fir, Pine'--those will be the three words. Come, and let
us go out to the ilex grove, and be free to belong to each other as
of old!"
She was so lively that the Baron caught some spark of her hopefulness,
but he was too far sunk in despondency to enter into her joy all
at once. Nevertheless, it was not a moment when, if ever, he would
have thwarted her, so he ordered the horses to be saddled, for it was
still early morning. And they rode together to the ilex grove which
was the boundary of the Wilder Jaeger's domain; the Baroness striving
every minute by some sprightly speech to distract the Baron, and the
Baron utterly incapable of rousing himself from his gloomy fears.
The Baroness was the first to reach the grove; in fact, she had ridden
on a good way in advance, that she might have it out with the Wilder
Jaeger before her husband came, so that she might greet him on his
arrival with the news that she was free.
Merrily she sounded the jewelled horn, and before its sound had died
away the Wilder Jaeger was at her side. He no longer looked dusty,
wild, and fierce, as during the Baron's mad chase. He seemed a man
of noble presence, carefully dressed in a green hunting-suit, with a
powerful bow in his hand, and a beautiful boy to hold his arrows. In
his belt was a jewelled hunting-knife of exquisite workmanship, and
to a cord across his shoulder hung a golden horn of similar pattern
to that he had sent the Baroness, and, moreover, as a further act of
gallantry, he wore a scarf of red and white, the favourite colours
of the Baroness. A jewelled cap shaded the sun from his brow, which
a red and white plume gracefully crested.
The Baroness looked astonished to find she had nothing more formidable
to meet, and felt that had she not already been the wife of the
Baron di Valle, she would not have found it so great a calamity to
be obliged to marry the Wilder Jaeger.
The Wilder Jaeger was not slow to perceive that the impression he
had produced was good, and bowing towards her with courtly mien,
paid her a respectful salutation, and immediately added,--
"Your eyes are so clever, fair Baroness, that I very much fear you
are going to pronounce my name, and rob me of the happiness I had so
nearly bought! Spare me, therefore, lovely lady--say not the word! but
come with me into the shady pine-forest, where you shall have every
thing heart can desire--the noblest palace, the widest domain, and
unlimited command; retainers without number, pleasures without alloy,
and every wish gratified without condition!"
He approached her as he spoke. His eyes sparkled no longer with the
angry fury which had thrilled the Baron, but with a mild fire of
tenderness and devotion. Nothing more attractive and winning than his
whole appearance and manner could be conceived, and for a moment the
Baroness had almost forgotten the less accomplished--but, oh! more
sincere--passion of her Heinrich.
It was only for a moment. The weakness passed, she instantly drew
herself up with dignity, and stepped back against the friendly ilex.
"It was not to hear such words I came," she said, "but to pronounce
those which are to free me from ever having to listen to such
protestations again----"
"Oh, say them not! say them not!" said the Wilder Jaeger, throwing
himself at her feet. "Any thing but that! Name any wish by fulfilling
which I can win your favour; name any difficult task by accomplishing
which I can prove myself worthy of your love----"
"My love," said the Baroness, striving to speak coldly, "is another's
already; you see, there is none to be won from me. But interrupt me
no more. I have guessed your name, to discover which was to be the
price of my freedom. It is----"
The Wilder Jaeger clasped her feet in despair, entreating her not
to pronounce it, but she went on, with a clear, confident voice,
to utter the words,--
"Tree! Fir! Pine!"
The Wilder Jaeger looked up as if he did not quite understand what
she meant.
"Now, let go your hold, and let me pass, for I am free!" she said,
resolutely.
"'Free,' say you?" said the handsome Cobbold, with
astonishment. "Free? did you mean you thought that was my unknown
name?"
"Yes," replied the lady, in a voice of conviction.
"Oh, dear, it is nothing like it!" he answered, with glee, and yet
not without a delicate regard for her disappointment. "No, that is
not it; nor is it likely you should ever arrive at it. So days of
happiness are before us yet." He had no need to kneel to her longer,
but it was joy to him to be at her feet.
"Dare not to speak so before me!" replied the Baroness, trying to
tear herself away. "I know of no happiness, except with Heinrich; and
I am persuaded that, though I have failed this time, it will yet be
given to me to find the word which shall restore me to him completely."
The Baron arrived as she finished speaking; and though he saw by the
sorrowful look which now had possession of her bright face, and the
triumphant mien of the Cobbold, that she had failed, and that she was
still under the Wilder Jaeger's spell, he was so incensed to find him
in such an attitude that he drew his sword, and would have closed with
him then and there, but the Wilder Jaeger blew one note upon his horn,
and in an instant he was surrounded, as before, by his myrmidons,
who unarmed him and held him bound upon the ground, while the Cobbold
himself approached to seize the hand of the Baroness. A fiery fury
took possession of him, and sparks darted from his eyes which fell
smouldering among the twigs of fir. Powerless to defend his wife
by force, the Baron once more mastered his anger, and reminded his
adversary courteously of his promise to leave them at peace for the
interval of a month.
"I am always ready to answer you in whatever tone you elect to
adopt," said the Wilder Jaeger, rising, and leaving the side of the
Baroness. "You see, it is useless to attempt force against me; but when
you behave with due consideration, so will I." At a sign from him the
sprites loosed the Baron's bonds, gave him back his sword, and held
his stirrup with the most respectful care, while he mounted his horse.
"Depart, then, unharmed," said the Wilder Jaeger, "since you set so
much store on prolonging your suspense. I should say, it was wiser
to make the best of a bad bargain and submit to your fate at once,
with grace. However, I have given my word and won't go back from it. I
restrain my power over you till the full end of the month; and, what
is more, I not only give the lady three guesses, but as many as she
likes. For," he added, with a cynical leer, "she is as little likely
to guess it in thirty as in three; while every time that she chooses
to essay the thing, it gives me the happiness of seeing her." And he
turned away with a peal of wild laughter which made the lady shudder.
The sprites vanished as they had come; and the Baron and his wife
rode sadly home, without the courage to exchange a word.
If the Baroness had for a moment been won by the comely presence
and devoted admiration of the Wilder Jaeger, she had now seen enough
reason to fear his treacherous humour, and to dread her impending
fate as much as at the first.
They spent the rest of the evening in prayers and tears in the chapel
of the castle, and the next evening, and the next; and the days flowed
by as before, but more sadly, and with even less of hope. The Baroness
scarcely now dared raise her eyes so high as the tops of the tall
dark trees; they fell abroad over the beautiful landscape stretched
out beneath them, and the good gifts of God cropping up out of the
ground; and she thought how beautiful was that nature to which she
must so soon say adieu!
Thus ten days passed without a gleam of expectation. Suddenly she
rose and clapped her hands; and her silvery laugh brought her husband
bounding to her side.
"I have it this time, Heinrich!" she said.
And the Baron listened anxiously, but trusted himself never to speak.
"Said you not that the Wilder Jaeger's domain was entirely among the
tall dark trees?"
"So it seemed to me it was," responded her husband.
"But I certainly discerned through the forest patches of ripe golden
grain. Saw you them not too?"
"The first time I rode too fast to notice them, but I do think on
this last journey I saw such here and there by the wayside."
"No doubt," continued the lady, "it is hence he takes his name;
these small patches of golden grain are more worth than all the
vast forests. Order the horses, for I have guessed his name! It came
to my mind just now, as I looked over the harvest-fields stretched
out yonder.
"Wheat, Oats, Maize--that will be his name!"
The Baron knew her counsel had often proved right when he least
expected, and even disputed it, and though he was now too desponding
to expect success, he was likewise least inclined to dispute her
word. So he ordered the horses round, for it was yet early morning,
and they rode to the ilex grove.
The Baroness, whose hope seemed to rise as she got nearer the goal
of the journey, was full of spirit and cheerfulness, and, finding it
impossible to work up the Baron to the same expectation as herself,
rode on to accomplish her work ere he arrived.
One note of the jewelled horn brought the Wilder Jaeger to her presence.
As she had failed before, he had less fear of her success this time,
and he was proportionately less subservient and submissive.
"So you think you are come to give me my dismissal, beautiful
Baroness? But you have no reason to repulse me so--be assured I mean
it well with you; and though there is no limit to my power over you,
I shall never treat you otherwise than with honour," he said, with a
little scornful laugh which suited his fine features exactly, and made
him look handsomer than before. And as he spoke so, his haughty tone,
not unmixed with warmth and admiration, thrilled her with the notion
that, after all, if it were not for her troth plighted to the Baron,
it would not be so very dreadful to owe obedience to one who knew
how to command so gracefully.
But it was only for a moment. The weakness passed, she drew herself
up with dignity, and, retreating against the support of the friendly
ilex, said,--
"Silence! and remember your promise to leave me at peace till the
fatal month is out. I cannot listen to you. And now for your name----"
The Cobbold bowed, with a half-mocking, half-respectful inclination,
as if forcing himself to listen out of courtesy, but secure that she
would not guess right.
"Wheat! Oats! Maize!" said the Baroness, with a positive air.
The Cobbold stared comically, as if doubting whether she was in
earnest; and at last, as if to relieve her out of politeness,
he replied,--
"Oh, dear no, that's not at all like it!"
The Baroness hung her head in despair; then, drawing herself up again,
she said,--
"How do I know you are not deceiving me? You say this is not your name,
and I have to believe you--but suppose I maintain that it is it?"
"You are not fair, beautiful Baroness," replied the Wilder Jaeger,
with a charming dignity. "I have never deceived you, nor ever would
I deceive so noble a lady! what I have promised, I have kept; but in
this case I have no means of deceiving you--great as is my power, that
is one thing beyond it. Could a mortal, indeed, discover and pronounce
my name in my presence, I could not stand before him an instant. But
this it is not given to mortals to know, and that is why I proposed
this difficulty to you. Should I have paid you so bad a compliment,"
he added, with his cynical laugh, "as to render it possible that I
should lose so great a prize?"
The Baron rode up while he was saying this, and shrank dumb with
despair at the cruel words and the positive tone in which they were
uttered.
Without condescending to exchange a word with the Cobbold this time,
he lifted his wife on to her palfrey and rode away with her in silence.
It was now all over. His despondency even gained the Baroness, and she
ceased to rack her brain with the hope of finding the inconceivable
name. Her eye not only dared not raise itself to the tall dark
trees--it had not even power to range over the landscape. With her
head sunk upon her breast, she sat silently among her flowers in her
oriel window, nor cared even to look at them. Only in the morning
and the evening they knelt together in the chapel of the castle,
and prayed that the calamity might pass away yet.
The days went by, and now the last but one had come; and the Baroness
trembled, for her imagination pictured the Cobbold coming to carry her
away. But her courage did not forsake her even now, and she proposed
to go out into the forest to meet her fate, as more noble than waiting
for it to overtake her.
The Baron, too dispirited to discuss any matter, and indifferent to
every thing, now that all he cared for was to be taken from him, gave
a listless consent. The next morning, having prayed and wept together
in the castle chapel, they set out on their mournful pilgrimage,
the young wife led as a lamb to the sacrifice.
The flowers bloomed beneath their feet, and the sun shone warm
overhead, the birds sang blithe and gay--all nature was bright and
fresh; but with heavy hearts they passed through the midst, nor found
a thought but for their own great sorrow. As they came to the borders
of the forest, however, the Baroness discerned the cry as of one in
distress. Forgetting for the moment her own agony, her compassionate
heart was at once moved, and she begged her husband to turn aside
with her, and find out the poor wretch who pleaded so piteously. In
a little time they had followed up the sound, and they found one of
the Wilder Jaeger's men tied in front of a lately lighted fire. In a
few minutes more the heaped-up wood would have been all in flames,
and then the luckless wight must have been slowly roasted! At a word
from the Baroness, the Baron cut his bonds; and then they inquired
what was the occasion of his punishment. "Oh, it don't want much to
get a punishment out of the Wilder Jaeger!" was the answer.
"Is he so very severe, then?" asked the Baroness, her cheek blanching
with fear.
"At times, yes; it depends how the fancy takes him--if he is out of
humour he spares no one. If he were not so violent and arbitrary,
I would do you a good turn for that you have done me; but I dare not,
his anger is too fearful."
The more he descanted on the Wilder Jaeger's barbarity, the more the
Baroness prayed that he would tell her the word that would save her;
but he dared not, and all her instance was in vain. "And yet there
might be a means," he said, for he was desirous of doing a service
to his deliverers.
"Oh, speak! tell us what we can do--no matter what it is, we will do
it!" answered both at once.
"Well, if you happen to overhear it, I shan't have told you, and yet
it will serve your turn just as well;" and with that he walked on
close in front of them, singing carelessly as he went.
"How are we to 'overhear' it, Heinrich?" said the Baroness, after
a bit.
"He seems to have forgotten us," replied the Baron, in despair. "I have
been expecting him every minute to turn round and give us a hint of
how he meant to help us; but it is just like every one you do a favour
to--when they have got what they want, they forget all about you."
They walked on in silence; and the fellow kept on close in front of
them, singing as before, and always the same verse.
At last the Baroness got wearied with hearing the same thing over
and over again, and she began repeating the words over to herself,
mechanically. She could not make them out at all at first, for he
had a rough, abrupt articulation, but by dint of perseverance in an
occupation which served as a distraction to her agony, she at last
made it out, word by word:--
"The Wild Huntsman's betrothed (though he is not tamed)
To a lady fair
Driven to despair.
If she only knew he's Burzinigala named!"
"'Burzinigala named!' exclaimed the Baroness, with the ringing laugh
of former days, and clapping her hands merrily.
"I have it all right this time, you may depend, Heinrich!" and she
laughed again.
The Baron was too delighted for words--he embraced his wife in his
joy; and they walked on with a very different mien from what they
wore before. The first joy over, they turned to thank their helper;
but he had already disappeared, climbing over the tops of the trees
to get out of sight of the Wilder Jaeger's eye for as long as might be.
There was no more lingering now, they hasted on, anxious only to
proclaim their triumph.
The ilex grove was soon reached, and the jewelled horn quickly produced
the Wilder Jaeger.
To-day he was habited with greater care even than on the former
occasions, and there was also still more assurance in his manner,
and still more forwardness to flatter.
"Well, lady fair," he said, with a mocking air, "do you deem you have
guessed my name this time?"
"Really, it is so difficult," replied the lady, "that how can you
think I can hope to succeed? Besides, why should I wish to do what
would deprive me of so charming a companion?"
The Wilder Jaeger in his turn was perturbed. Nothing could have made
him happier than to hear such words from her lips, could he have deemed
them sincere; but there was an irony in her tone and a playfulness in
her countenance which showed that her heart was not in her words. Yet
he felt convinced she could not discover his name; and so he knew not
what to think, and scarcely what to say. And the Baroness, delighting
in his confusion, continued teasing him, like a cat with a mouse.
After a good deal of this bantering, in which the Wilder Jaeger got
quite bewildered, the Baroness rose majestically.
"Have we not had enough talking?" she said, with emphasis; "when are
you going to take me home--Sir Burzinigala?"
It would be impossible to describe the effect of this word. He rose
from the earth with one bound. The beauty, the calmness, the commanding
air, which had at one time charmed the Baroness, had all fled. Wild,
savage, and furious as he had first appeared and tenfold more, he now
showed; and the sparks flew from his eyes on all around. Through the
thick tops of the trees he passed, they hardly knew how; and soon the
only trace of him left was that of the sparks that smouldered on the
dry heath.
It only remained for the Baron and Baroness to return home, locked
in each other's arms. And they continued loving each other more than
ever before to the end of their days.
THE GRAVE PRINCE AND THE BENEFICENT CAT.
There once was a king in Tirol who had three sons. The eldest was grave
and thoughtful beyond his years; but he seldom spoke to any one, took
no pleasure in pastimes, and lived apart from those of his age. The
other two were clever and merry, always forward at any game, or at any
piece of fun, and passed all their time in merry-making and enjoyment.
Now though the eldest son was, by his character, more adapted to make
a wise and prudent sovereign, yet the two younger brothers, by their
lively, engaging manner, had made themselves much more popular in
the country; they were also the favourites of their father, but the
eldest was the darling of his mother.
The king was old and stricken in years, and would gladly have given
up the cares of government, and passed his declining years in peace,
but he could not make up his mind to which of the brothers he should
delegate his authority. The queen was persuaded of the excellent
capacity of her eldest son; but the two younger were always saying
he was half mad, and not fit to govern, and as they had the people
on their side, he greatly feared lest the kingdom should be involved
in civil war, so he always put off making any arrangement.
One day, however, an ancient counsellor observed to him, that if he
really feared that there would be a dispute about the succession,
it was much better to have it decided now while he was alive to act
as umpire, than that it should befall when they would be left to
wrangle with no one to make peace between them.
The king found the counsel good, and decided to retire from the
government, and to proclaim his eldest son king in his stead. When the
two younger sons, however, heard what he intended to do, they came
to him and urged their old charge, that their elder brother was not
fit to govern, and entreated the king to halve the kingdom between
them. But the king, anxious as he was to gratify them, yet feared to
displease the queen by committing so great an injustice against her
eldest son; and thus they were no further advanced than before.
Then the old counsellor who had offered his advice before spoke again,
and suggested that some task should be set for the three, and that
whoever succeeded in that should be king beyond dispute.
The three sons all swore to abide by this decision; and the king found
the counsel good. But now the difficulty arose, what should he set
them to do? for they had insisted so much on the weak intellect of
the eldest, that the queen feared lest, after all, he should fail in
the trial, and her care for him be defeated. She knew he had never
practised himself in feats of strength, or in the pursuit of arms,
so it was useless proposing such as these for the test, but she
persuaded him to set them something much simpler.
So, having called an assembly of all the people, he proclaimed
aloud that the three brothers should travel for a year and a day,
and whichever of them should bring him back the finest drinking-horn,
he should be the king--the three sons swearing to abide by his award.
The two younger brothers set out with a great retinue; and, as they
did not apprehend much difficulty in surpassing their brother in
whatever they might undertake, they spent the greater part of the year
allowed them in amusing themselves, secure in bringing back the best,
whatever they might bring.
The eldest set out alone through the forest. In his lonely wanderings
he had often observed a strangely beautiful castle on a far-off
mountain, concerning which he could find no record in any of his
books, nor could he learn that any one living knew any thing about
it. He now resolved to make his way thither, persuaded that if he was
to find something surpassing the work of human hands, it was like to
be in this enchanted castle.
Though it was so high-placed, the way was much easier than he thought,
and he was not more than five months getting there; so that he had
ample time for exploring its precincts, and yet get back within the
appointed date. He had, indeed, to traverse dark forests and steep
rocky paths, but when he got near the castle all these difficulties
ceased. Here there were only easy <DW72>s of greensward, diapered
by sparkling flowers; broad-leaved trees throwing delicious shade;
and rills that meandered with a pleasant music. Delicious bowers
and arcades of foliage of sweet-scented plants invited to repose;
and every where luscious fruits hung temptingly within reach. Birds
sang on every branch with a soft, dreamy melody which soothed, and
disturbed not the lightest slumber.
The prince thought it would have been delightful to pass the remainder
of his days there, but he remembered that it was an important mission
with which he was entrusted, and he passed on.
A broad flight of marble steps led from these amenities up to the
palace, and every now and then a thousand little jets were turned on,
to pour their tiny floods over them, and cool them for the tread of
those who entered.
And yet no one was near, no one to enjoy all this magnificence! The
prince entered the hall, but no one came to meet him; he passed through
the long corridors--all were deserted; he entered one apartment after
another--still no one. At last he came to one charming boudoir all
hung with pink satin, and lace, and beautiful flowers. On a pink
satin sofa covered with lace sat a large Cat with soft grey fur,
and soft grey eyes--the first living thing he had met!
As he entered, the Cat rose to meet him, walking on her hind-paws,
and, holding out her right front-paw in the most gracious manner,
asked him, in a sweet, clear voice, if there was any thing she could
do for him. Then, as if the effort was too great, she let herself
down on all fours, and rubbed her soft grey head against his boots.
Finding her so friendly, he was going to take her up in his arms:
this she would not allow, however, but sprang with an agile bound on
to a ledge above his head. "And now tell me," said she, "what is it
you want me to do for you?"
"Really, Lady Purrer, you are so kind, you confuse me! But, to tell
you the truth, I fear--"
"You fear that a poor puss can't be of any use," interposed the
Cat, smartly, "and that your requirements are much above her feeble
comprehension. But never mind, tell me all the same; there is little
fear but that I can help you, and if I can't, the telling me will do
you no harm."
"Quite the contrary," replied the prince, "it will be a great pleasure
to have only your sympathy, for I am in great distress." Her voice
was so sweet and kind, that he quite forgot it was only a Cat he was
talking to.
"Poor prince!" said the Cat, soothingly; "tell me all about it,
then. But stop, I'll tell you first what I think. I'm sure you are not
appreciated at home. I saw it in your look when you first came in. You
don't look bright and enterprising, as you ought to look. You look
as if you lived too much alone. Oh, you would be twice as handsome
if you only looked a little more lively and energetic--" and then
she stopped short, and sneezed a great many times, as if she feared
she had said what was not quite proper, and some other sound would
efface that of her words.
"There is a great deal of truth in what you say," replied the prince;
"they don't care much about me at home--at least my mother does,
but my father and brothers don't. And I do live too much alone--but
it's not my fault: it's a bad way of mine, and I don't know how to
get out of it."
"You want some one to pet you, and spoil you, and make you very happy;
and then you would be pleased to go into the society of others, because
then you could say to yourself, I'll show them that there's some one
understands me and makes a fuss about me--" and she stopped short,
as before.
"But who should care to spoil and pet me?" cried the prince,
despondingly, and too much interested in her words to see any reason
why she should be confused at what she had said.
"Why, a nice little wife, to be sure!" replied the Cat.
"A wife!" exclaimed the prince; "oh yes, my father's grey-bearded
counsellors will find me some damsel whom it is necessary I should
marry for the peace of the kingdom; and to her I shall be tied, and,
be she an idiot or a shrew, I shall have no voice in the matter."
"But do you mean to say," retorted the Cat, in a more excited voice,
"that if you found a nice little princess--I don't say any one they
could with justice object to, but a real princess--who cared very
much for you, and made you very happy, very happy indeed, so that you
determined to marry her, that you wouldn't be man enough to say to your
father and all his counsellors, 'Here is the princess I mean to make
my wife; I feel Heaven intended her for me. I am sure she will be the
joy of my people, as she is mine, and no other shall share my throne'?"
"Wouldn't I," exclaimed the prince, with energy, starting to his feet,
and placing his hand instinctively on his sword, his eye flashing
and the colour mounting in his cheek.
"Ah! if you always looked like that! Now, you are handsome
indeed!" exclaimed the Cat, enthusiastically, and purred away. "But,"
she added, immediately after, "all this time you haven't told me what
it was you came for."
"Ah!" said the prince, despondingly, at finding himself thus recalled
to the prosaic realities of his melancholy life from that brief
dream of happiness. "No; because you have been talking to me of more
interesting things" (the Cat purred audibly); and then he told her
what it was had really brought him there.
"You see, your mother understands your character better than all
the rest," said the Cat. "She knew you could be trusted to prove
your superiority over your brothers, though the others hope you
may fail. However, fail you won't this time, for I can give you a
drinking-horn which neither your brothers nor any one else on earth
can match!"
With that she sprang lightly on to the soft carpet, and ran out of
the room, beckoning to him to follow her. She led him through a long
suite of rooms till they came to a large dining-hall all panelled
with oak and filled with dark carved-oak furniture. In the centre of
one end of this hall, high up in the panelling, was an inlaid safe or
tabernacle curiously wrought. Puss gave one of her agile springs on to
the top of this cabinet, and, having opened its folding-doors gently
with her paw, disclosed to view a drinking-horn such as the prince had
never seen. It was a white semi-transparent horn, but close-grained,
like ivory, and all finely carved with designs of curious invention;
the dresses of the figures were all made of precious stones cunningly
let in, and they sparkled with a vivid lustre, like so many lamps. Then
it had a rim, stand, and handle of massive gold exquisitely chased,
and adorned with rows of pearls and diamonds.
"Kind Lady Purrer," exclaimed the prince, "you are right, there is
no doubt of my success! But how can I ever sufficiently thank you
for what you have done for me? for I owe all to you."
"And a little to your own discernment too," said the Cat, archly. "And
now, always look as much alive and as bright as you do now, and you
will see people will think better of you."
"But when shall I see you again, most sweet counsellor? May I come
back and see you again?" pleaded the prince, and he tried to stroke
her sleek fur as she rubbed her soft grey head, purring, against
his boots. The stroking, however, she would by no means allow, but
springing again on to the top of the cabinet, she said,--
"Oh, yes; it will not be long before you will have to come back to me,
I know. But go, now; you have spent more time here than you think,
and you have only just enough left to get back within the year."
The prince turned to obey her; and the Cat jumped down, and ran by his
side, purring. When he got out into the grounds again, she followed
him, climbing from tree to tree; and when he came to the boundary-wall
she ran all along on the coping. But here at last they had to part,
to her great regret, and for many a lonely mile he still heard her
low and plaintive mew.
It was true, he must have spent more time in her pleasant company than
he had thought, for when he reached home he found the day of trial
had arrived; the streets were deserted, and all the people gathered
in the palace to see the drinking-horns his brothers had brought,
and talking loudly of their magnificence. He passed through their
midst without being recognized, for the people knew him so little;
and thus he heard them speak of his younger brothers:--
"What bright faces they have! and what a merry laugh! it does the
heart good to hear them," said one.
"I wonder how the kingdom will be divided, and which half will be to
which of them," said another.
"For my part, I don't care to the lot of which I fall, for both are
excellent good fellows," replied a third.
And thus they had clearly settled in their own mind that his brothers
had carried the day, and they didn't even trouble themselves to
think what he would bring, or whether he would come back at all. It
was the same thing all the way along. The words were varied, but the
same idea prevailed every where, that the younger brothers had made
good their claim; there was no question at all of the eldest. The
prince's face was growing moody again; but just then one good woman,
wiping the soap-suds from her hands as she turned from her washing at
the river to join the throng, exclaimed, as she heard some neighbours
talking thus, "Hoity toity! it's all very well with you and your
laughing princes--a grave one for me, say I! Laughing may lead a man
to throw away his money, but it won't teach him to feed the poor,
or govern a kingdom. Wait till the Grave Prince comes back! I'll
warrant he'll bring the bravest drinking-horn!"
A chorus of mocking laughter greeted her defence of him.
"He bring the bravest drinking-horn!" said one.
"Don't believe he knows what a drinking-horn is for--or drink
either!" said another.
"No; his brothers understand that best, at all events. I like a man
who can drink his glass."
"And I like one who doesn't drink it, whether he can or not; but
keeps his head clear for his business," said the good wife who had
defended him before.
And as there were a good many who were too fond of the bottle in the
crowd, the laugh raised at him was turned against them.
He had one defender, then, in all that mass of people, but all the
rest judged him incapable, and without trial! He was too disheartened,
to make his way into the great hall where the success of his brothers
was being proclaimed, but instead trod sadly and secretly up to his
mother's chamber.
The queen was too distressed at the absence of her favourite son to
take part in the jocular scene below, and was seated, full of anxiety,
at her window, watching.
"What do you here, my son?" she exclaimed, when he entered; "you have
but one short half-hour more, and the time will be expired. The sun is
already gone down, and the time once past, whatever you have brought,
it will avail you not! Haste, my son, to the council-hall!"
"It is useless, mother; all are against me!" cried the prince; and
he laid the beautiful flagon on the table, and sank upon a chair.
In the mean time it had grown dark, but the queen, impelled by her
curiosity to know what success her son had had, pulled off the wrapper
that enclosed the drinking-horn, and instantly the apartment was
brilliantly lighted by the light of the precious stones with which
it was studded!
"My son, this is a priceless work! This is worth a kingdom! Nothing
your brothers can have brought can compare with this--haste, then,
my son!" and she led him along.
It was dark in the council-hall too; but when the queen had dragged
her son up to the throne where the king sat, she uncovered the flagon,
and the sparkling stones sent their radiance into every part.
Then there was one shout of praise. The drinking-horns of the younger
brothers, which had anon been so highly extolled, were no more thought
of, and every one owned that the Grave Prince had won the trial.
The king declared it was too late for any more business that night,
the proclamation of the new sovereign would be made the next morning;
and in the meantime they all retired to rest, the Grave Prince with
some new sensations of satisfaction and hope, and the queen assured
of the triumph of her son.
But in the silent night, when all were wrapt in slumber, and the king
could not sleep for the anxiety and perplexity which beset him as to
his successor, the two young brothers came to him and complained that
they had been circumvented. The Grave Prince had always shown himself
so gloomy and unenergetic, it was impossible they could conceive he
was going to distinguish himself, so they had taken no trouble to
beat him; but if their father would but allow another trial, they
would undertake he should not have the advantage of them again.
So the next day, instead of proclaiming the new sovereign, the king
announced that he had determined there should be a fresh trial
of skill; and whichever of the princes should bring him the best
hunting-whip, that day year, should have the crown.
The princes set off next day on their travels once more, the eldest
son of course directing his towards the castle of the Beneficent Cat.
This time he had not to traverse a file of deserted halls before
meeting her; she sat looking out for him on the coping of the wall
where he had left her mewing so piteously when he last parted from her.
"I told you it would not be long before you would have to come back
to me," she said, as he approached. "What can I do for you this time?"
"My brothers are discontented at being beaten with your beautiful
beaker," replied the prince, gallantly, "and they have demanded another
trial: this time my father sends us in quest of a hunting-whip."
"A hunting-whip?" echoed the Cat; "that is lucky, for I can suit you
with one neither they nor any one else on this earth can surpass!" and
she frisked merrily along the path before him till they came to the
stables; then she took him into a room where all manner of saddles,
and horse-gear, and hunting-horns were stored. But on a high ledge,
at the very top of the room, was a dusty hunting-whip of the most
unpretending appearance. With one of her bold springs she reached
the ledge, and jumped down again with this whip in her mouth.
"It is not much to look at, I own," she said, as she observed the
perplexed look with which the prince surveyed the present; "but
its excellent qualities are its recommendation. You have but to
crack this whip, and your horse will take any thing you put him at,
be it a river half a mile wide, or a tree fifty feet high. There
are plenty of horses in the stable, saddle any of them you like,
and make experience of it for yourself."
The prince did as she bid him; and at sound of the enchanted whip
his mount leapt with equal ease over hills and valleys.
"This is a whip indeed!" exclaimed the prince, his face flushed with
the unwonted exercise, and his heart beating high at the idea of
being the bearer of such a prize.
"Ah, that's how I like to see you!" said the friendly puss; "I like
to see you like that. Now you are handsome indeed!" and she scampered
away, as if coyly ashamed of what she had said.
It was not long before she returned; and then she invited the prince
into the next room, where an elegant dinner was laid out, of which
the Cat did the honours very demurely. A high divan was arranged
at the top of the table, on which she reclined, and ate and lapped
alternately out of the plates ready before her, while invisible
attendants served the viands and filled the glasses.
When they had finished their meal, they went out to repose in the
flowery bowers; and when the heat of the day was past, the Beneficent
Cat reminded her guest that he must be thinking of going home, if he
would not that his brothers should supplant him.
"Must I go so soon, sweet Lady Purrer?" replied the prince. "I know
not how to part from you; it seems I should be happy if I were always
with you. I have never felt so happy any where before!"
"You are very gallant, prince," responded the Cat, "and you have no
idea how well it becomes you to look as you do now; but the affairs
of your kingdom must be your first thought. You must first secure
your succession--and then we must look out for the nice little wife
we talked of last time."
"Ah," sighed the Grave Prince, "don't talk of that--that is not
for me! No one beautiful enough for me to care about will ever care
for me!"
"Not if you look desponding and gloomy, like that," replied the
Cat. "Do you know, you look quite like another being when you look
so gloomy; and yet you can be so handsome when you look bright and
hopeful! But now," she proceeded, laying her soft paw on his arm
to arrest the futile justification which rose to his lips, "before
you go, I have something very important to tell you. You will now go
back, and with the hunting-whip I have given you, you are safe to win
the trial which is to establish your right to the kingdom. But there
will be yet another trial exacted of you, and you will have to come
back again to me. What you are to do then, I must tell you now, for
it requires great prudence and courage, and one principal thing is,
that you don't say a word to me all the time. Can you promise that?"
"Well, that is hard indeed," said the prince; "but still, if you
command it, I think I can promise to obey, for the sake of pleasing
you."
"Then the next thing is harder. Do you think you can do whatever
I command?"
"Oh yes, I am sure I can promise that!" replied the prince, warmly.
"Mind, whatever I command, then--however hard, or however dreadful
it may be?"
"Yes, any thing--however hard, or however dreadful!"
"But will you swear it?"
"I see you doubt my courage," said the prince, half offended. "You
take me for a fool, like the rest. But no wonder; I know I look like
a fool!"
"Now don't look gloomy again! you were so handsome just now when
you said so firmly you would do 'any thing.' Will you gratify me
by swearing?"
"You doubt my courage."
"No; I don't doubt your courage. But I know how terrible a thing I
have to command you; and I know how many others have failed before
you. Now will you not swear, but to please me?"
"Yes; I swear," said the prince, energetically, "to do whatever it
may be that you tell me to do."
"Now, remember, you have undertaken it solemnly. This is what you
must do. When you come in, you will find me sitting on the kitchen
stove; you must then seize me by my two hind-paws, and dash me upon
the hearthstone till there is nothing left of me in your hands,
but the fur!"
"Oh dear! I can never do that!" exclaimed the prince, in great
embarrassment.
"But you have sworn to do whatever I told you!" replied the Cat.
"Well, but I thought you were going to order me to do something
rational, something noble and manly, requiring courage and
strength--not a horrible act like this."
"If it is the thing that has to be done, it does not matter what it
is. Besides, it does require courage, great courage; and that is why
I would not tell you first what it was, because others have failed
when they knew what it was."
"And you expect me to have less feeling and affection for you than
they?"
"No; but I expect more sense and judgment of you. I expect you to
understand and believe that if I say it has to be done, it is really
for the best, and that you will trust to me that it is right. And I
expect that you will respect your promise, which was made without
limit or exception. But now, go; you have no time to lose, if you
want to reach home with the hunting-whip in time for the trial."
He rose to leave; and she followed him down the path, purring by
his side. And after she had taken leave of him at the boundary-wall,
he heard her mewing sad adieus as he went on for many a weary mile.
When the prince reached the council-hall, he found, as before,
that his brothers were there first, and that every one seemed to
have decided that they had won the day--in fact no one showed any
curiosity to know what he would bring. As he had beaten them by his
lustrous jewels before, they had fancied he would bring something of
the same sort again; so, to conquer him on his own ground, they had
sought out and found two handles of hunting-whips mounted with jewels
as sparkling as those of his drinking-horn. When they saw him come
in with the shabby old whip the Beneficent Cat had given him, they
laughed outright in his face; and the king, in a fit of indignation,
ordered him to leave the hall for venturing to insult him by bringing
such a present. Some laughed him to scorn, and some abused him; but no
one would listen to a word he had to say. At last the tumult was so
great that it reached the queen's ears; and when she had learnt what
was the matter, she insisted that he should have a hearing allowed
him. When silence had been proclaimed the Grave Prince said,--
"It is true, my whip is not so splendid as that of my brothers, but
jewels are out of place on a hunting-whip, it seems to me; the handle
is wanted to be smooth, so that the hand may take a firm grip of it,
rather than to be covered with those points and unevennesses. The
merit of my whip is not in the handle, it is in the lash, which has
such excellent qualities, that you have but to crack it, and your
horse will immediately take you over any obstruction there may be in
your way--be it a house or a mountain, or what you will. If you will
allow me, I will give you proof of its powers."
Then they all adjourned to the terrace in front of the council-hall,
where was a fine avenue of lofty cypresses; and the queen ordered
a horse to be brought round from the stables. The people had never
seen the prince on horseback before; and when they saw him looking so
gallant, and noble, and determined, they could not forbear cheering
him, till his younger brothers began to fear that his real worth
would soon be found out, and their malice exposed.
Then the prince cracked his whip--and away went the horse over the tops
of the high trees, seeming to scrape the clouds as he passed. All
the people were lost in admiration, no one had ever seen such a
sight before; and while they were wondering whether it was possible
he could have reached the ground in safety from such a height, there
was a murmur in the air, and they saw him coming back again over the
tree-tops. With no more apparent effort than if he had merely taken
a hedge, he came softly to the ground; and then, kneeling gracefully
before his father on one knee, without a word of boasting or reproach,
he laid the clever whip at his feet.
The king raised him up, and said, aloud to the people, none could deny
that it was this whip that had won the trial, but that as it was now
late, he must leave the ceremony of proclaiming his successor till
the morrow.
All went home for the night, and the old king also went to bed; but he
could not sleep for anxiety, thinking of the anger and dissatisfaction
of his younger sons. And presently, in the silent hour, they came
to him, and said that he must allow them another trial; that it
was impossible they could conceive he meant them to bring him a
fantastical whip of that sort, or of course they would have brought
one which could do much better things. They thought it was the beauty
of the workmanship they had to look to, and so they had provided for
nothing else. They urged their suit so persistently, that the king,
who was now very old and weak, agreed to let them have their way.
Accordingly, next morning he had it proclaimed that the three princes
were to make one trial more; and that whichever brought back the most
beautiful and virtuous princess for his wife should have the crown.
The three princes set out again early the next morning; the two younger
ones providing themselves with jewels and riches, and many precious
things for presents; the eldest taking nothing, but walking off alone
towards the enchanted castle with a heavy heart. "It is all up with
me now," he said to himself, "after all! Why couldn't my father have
been satisfied when I had beaten them twice? Now I have to kill the
Beneficent Cat--the only being that ever assisted me; and then I shall
have no one to help me at all! They will come back with two beautiful
princesses, and I shall come back looking like a fool, because no
princess will ever come with me--and they will take my kingdom, and
laugh at me into the bargain! If it was not for my mother, I would
never come back at all; but it would break her heart if I stayed away,
and she is the only one of them who understands me and cares for me."
As he got nearer the castle, he grew more and more sad. "Why did she
make me swear? If it hadn't been for that, I could still have escaped
doing it; but now I cannot break my oath;" and he trudged on.
The gardens looked more lovely than ever. The scent of the flowers
seemed sweeter, and the melody of the birds more soothing. All was
full of harmony--and he who had never harmed a fly must cruelly use
the soft and beautiful Cat who had so befriended him!
He passed through the apartments where puss had purred round him so
happily--the dining-room where they had had their pleasant repast
together--the boudoir where she had given him such wise counsel.
At last he came to the kitchen; and there, sure enough, was the Cat
cosily curled round, her soft grey head buried in her long grey fur.
An energy and daring he had never known before seemed suddenly to
possess him. He took care not to speak, for she had particularly
recommended silence; but, approaching her on tiptoe, seized her rapidly
by her hind-paws before she had time to wake from her pleasant slumber,
and dashed her several times upon the hearth, scarcely knowing what
he did in his horror, till he perceived that he had nothing left in
his hand but the soft, limp, grey fur.
He sank upon the ground in tears, and commenced laying it out tenderly
before him, when he was woken from his reverie by a mellow ringing
laugh, which made him look up--and there before him stood the most
beautiful, fairy-like princess that ever was seen on this earth!
"Well done, kind prince! you have nobly kept your word. And see what
I have gained thereby--instead of that grey fur, I now have a form
which will perhaps make me meet to fulfil the condition your father
has imposed on you for obtaining your throne!"
Her voice, and the glance of her soft eyes, seemed quite familiar
to him--it was the voice which had first inspired him with hope and
enterprise, and the mild light which had beamed on him when he said he
could be happy to be always near her in her bower. How much more now,
when she appeared in such matchless guise!
He remained kneeling at her feet, and asked her if it was indeed true
that she could love him and be with him always as his wife.
"Nay," she replied, raising him up; "it is I who ought to be
astonished. I have nothing to refuse, for I owe you all; and as,
but for you, I should still be nothing but a poor grey Cat, I belong
to you, and am absolutely yours. It is I who have to be astonished,
and to ask you if it is possible you who have known me as a Cat can
really love me and regard me as worthy to be indeed your wife."
"You are mocking me again, I see," he replied; "but you do not
really think me so insensible as not to appreciate your beauty,
and the prudence and generosity of which you have given me such
abundant proof? No; if you will come with me, I have no fear but that
I shall win the trial this time beyond all possibility of demanding
another." He spoke warmly, and his face beamed with joy. The princess
was leaning on his arm, and looked up in his face as he spoke.
"Ah, now you do look!--No, I suppose I mustn't say it now I have
no longer my cat-disguise to hide my blushes," she said, archly;
and they passed on into the reception-hall.
The attendants were no longer invisible. Together with their mistress
they had received their forms and original life; and the corridors
and apartments were filled with her people bustling to serve her. A
banquet was prepared in the dining-hall; and when they had partaken
of it, and had regaled themselves in the bower with happy talk, the
princess reminded the prince--now no longer grave--that it was time
for them to be going back to his father. A great train of carriages
and horses were brought round, with mounted guards and running-footmen,
and all the retinue which became a noble princess.
The princess was carried in a litter by six men in embroidered
liveries, and her ladies with her; and the prince rode on horseback,
close by her side.
This time, though it was near the close of the last day, his brothers
had not appeared when he reached the council-hall. The king and the
queen received the Beneficent Princess with smiles and admiration,
and all the people praised her beauty; and the queen said,--
"There is no fear, my son, that your brothers can demand another
trial this time."
Before she had done speaking, a messenger was hastily ushered into
the hall, covered with dust and stains of travel. He came from the
two younger princes, and had a sorrowful tale to tell.
They had striven to obtain the hands of the princesses of the
neighbouring kingdom; but the king was a prudent sovereign, and
discerned their envious, selfish character. When they found he repulsed
their advances, they had endeavoured to carry off the princesses by
force; but the king had surprised them in the midst of their design,
and had had them shut up as midnight robbers.
The old king was in great distress when he heard the news, for
his sons had manifestly been taken in the midst of wrong-doing,
and he could not defend their acts nor avenge their shame. But the
eldest son took on himself the mission of pacifying the neighbouring
sovereign and delivering his brothers. Having accomplished which, they
were fain to acknowledge that he was not only victor in the trials,
but their deliverer also; and they swore to maintain peace with him,
and obey him as his faithful subjects.
So the old king proclaimed the Grave Prince for his successor, and
married him to the Beneficent Princess, amid great rejoicing of all
the people; and the queen had the happiness of seeing her eldest son
acknowledged as the most prudent prince, and the ruler of the people,
and gifted with a beautiful and devoted wife.
KLEIN-ELSE.
The Passeier-Thal, which at the beginning of the present century
sent Hofer and his famous band of peasant heroes to the defence of
the fatherland, was in ancient times often involved in the wrangles
between its rulers and those of Bavaria. The men of the Passeier-Thal
were no less heroes then than now, but there were heroes in Bavaria
too, so that the success was as often on one side as the other.
Klein-Else [63] was the daughter of a bold baron whose castle was,
so to speak, one of the outposts of the valley; and as he had thus
more often than others to bear the brunt of the feud, his strength
became gradually diminished, and it was only by leaguing himself with
his neighbours that he was enabled to repel the frequent inroads of a
turbulent knight who had established himself on the other side of the
old frontier, but who cultivated a strong passion for annexation. The
Passeier-Thal baron did his best to strengthen his defences and
keep up a watchful look-out; and the moment his scouts perceived
the enemy advancing, their orders were not only to bring word of the
danger to their master, but to hasten at once to the other castles
of the surrounding heights, and summon their owners to his support;
and then the whole valley immediately bristled with valiant defenders
of their country.
But inasmuch as his adversary was reckless and determined, and much
better provided with men and means, he succeeded in laying his plans
so well at last, that he eluded all the vigilance of the baron's
scattered handful of look-out men, and, bursting in upon his domain
by surprise, carried all his defences, laid waste every thing before
him, and marched upon the castle itself.
The bold baron swore he would not remain to be killed like a reptile
in its hole, but sallied out with the few retainers who remained to
him, to sell his life and his possessions as dearly as he might. With
desperate courage he dealt the deadliest blows around which had
been paid out that day. But it was all in vain. Overcome by superior
numbers, he was brought back but a few hours later in piteous plight,
mortally wounded.
Klein-Else bent over her father with despairing cries; and her tears
fell as fast as the blood from the deep wounds she tried in vain
to staunch.
"Leave the bandage, Klein-Else, it boots not," said the baron,
in tones so slow and faint that she could only catch his words by
putting her ear to his lips; and, as she did so, his cold breath
filled her with horror.
"It boots not to staunch the blood, Klein-Else; my life is spent. But
as you have ever obeyed me, listen now to my word. The enemy is at
the door; you have but time to escape falling into his hands. Take
this key--it opens a gate of which no one knows the secret. Count
the tenth buttress in the wall, and where the ivy grows thickest,
there, behind it, feel for the lock and open it. Then creep beneath;
and, once on the other side, replace the branches, that no one may
see they have been disturbed. You will see before you three paths:
one leads down into the smiling plain, where you might think to
find refuge in the houses of our people; but another destiny is for
you. The second leads upwards to the thick pine forest, where you
might think to lie concealed till our friends have time to come and
rout out this vile usurper; but another destiny is for you. Take the
path straight before you, that winds round the mountain; though it
is open and exposed to view, fear not, for it leads to--to----"
And here his voice failed, so that she could no more make out what
he said; and though he continued to exert himself to complete his
directions, it was vain that she attempted to distinguish them. His
power of articulation was gone.
Klein-Else threw herself on his cold body, and clung to it with all
her might. But he who had been her guide and guardian, her will,
till now, was powerless and stark; and for all her beseeching he
could not answer.
The chaplain came and raised her up, and they carried the body to
the sanctuary; but Klein-Else, paralyzed with sadness and despair,
stood and gazed after it as though she knew not where she was.
Suddenly wild shouts broke on her ear, and the sound of many feet,
and the tumult of the servants and men-at-arms bidding her fly,
for the enemy had come.
"Fly, for the enemy is here!" The words recalled her father's counsel,
and mechanically she clasped the key, his last legacy. Scarcely taking
time to change her embroidered garments for a peasant's attire, she
crept along under the wall, counting ten buttresses, with a beating
heart. After the tenth, she put her hand through the thick ivy, and
felt, as her father had foretold, the iron bosses of the lock. It
required all her strength to turn the key; but this accomplished,
there was safety and rest behind the ivy's faithful veil.
It was but just in time; the rough soldiers were close behind.
"Ha! who went there?" she heard a hoarse voice say, as she noiselessly
closed the door. "Saw you not the ivy move? Press through and see
who passed."
"It was but a frightened hare--I saw it run," said another, with a
less terrible voice.
"Nothing taller ever passed that branch," said another; and the
speakers passed out of hearing.
There lay the three paths: the one straight on before--but so open,
so exposed, any one who happened to be passing for miles round might
have seen and pursued her, while either of the others offered instant
cover and security. Klein-Else was sorely tempted to try one of them.
"If I had heard all his instructions," she reasoned, "it would have
been different: I would then have done all he told me, whithersoever
it might have led; but now I know not what he meant. I may go a little
way along this path--and then what shall I do? Maybe, I shall fall
into a greater danger than that from which he would have saved me!"
And she turned to seek the shelter of the friendly cottages in the
valley beneath. But the words seemed to live in the air around her,--
"Another destiny is for you!"
Trembling and confused, she would have plunged into the hiding-place
of the pine-forest above; but the wind that moaned through their
lofty branches seemed charged with the words,--
"Another destiny is for you!"
She was thus impelled forward into the open path; and, creeping close
to the mountain-side, she now pursued her way along it. It was with
no small relief that she noticed the sun was nearly sinking behind
the opposite heights, so that soon she might hope to be safe from
the gaze of men.
And yet, as darkness fell around, it became but the source of other
fears. And the sense of her loneliness and abandonment took away her
courage to proceed any farther.
She leant against the rock for support, and her tears fell fast and
warm upon its stony side--piteously enough, you might have thought,
to move and melt it.
And so it was! for see! the hard rock yielded and made way before the
noble form of a knight in armour, who said, with compassionate voice,--
"Maiden, wherefore these tears?"
"Because my father is dead, and his enemies have taken his castle,
and I have no shelter and nothing to eat!" sobbed Klein-Else.
"If that is all," answered the noble knight, "it is easily made
straight." And with that he turned to the rock, and said,--
"Open, hoary rock!"
And the hoary rock opened, and disclosed a treasure of every imaginable
kind of riches stored around--jewels and coin, and shining armour,
and dazzling dresses.
"All this is yours, Klein-Else," said the knight; "you have but to take
what you will, when you will. It will never grow less. You have only
to say, 'Open, hoary rock!' and these treasures will always appear
at your bidding. Dispose of them as you like; only make a good use
of them, for on that depends all your future happiness. I will come
and see you again in seven years, and I shall see what use you have
made of my gift; but you must remember my name, or woe will be to
you." So he whispered his name in her ear, and disappeared.
Klein-Else was so dazzled and startled that she hardly knew what to
think, or whether what had happened was a dream or reality. To make
sure, she said to the rock, "Open, hoary rock!" and the rock opened at
her bidding as quickly as at the knight's, and disclosed its glittering
treasure. But it was still hard to decide all at once what to take of
it; and knowing that it was in a secure store-house, and that it was
dangerous to burden herself with much riches when travelling alone
in the dark night, she only took a few pieces of money--enough to
pay for food and lodging--and passed on with a lightened heart. The
rock closed up as she went farther--but she took a note of the spot,
so that she might be sure to know it again; and then made for the
lights which appeared with friendly radiance at no great distance
through the trees which now fringed the road, repeating the name of the
knight to herself, as she went along, that she might never forget it.
Klein-Else hasted on, but was rather dismayed to find that the lights
were the lights of a great castle where her money would be of no
use. She could not ask for a lodging and supper for money there, and
there was no other habitation near. So she put by her money again,
and, with the humility befitting her wayworn aspect and lowly attire,
begged the great man's servants to give her some poor employment by
which she might earn a place among them.
"What can a little, dirty, ragged girl like you do?" said the cook,
who was just occupied in fixing the spit through a young chamois that
looked so succulent and tender, one as hungry as Klein-Else might
have eaten it as it was.
"I can do whatever you please to tell me," answered Klein-Else,
timidly.
"A proper answer," replied the cook. "Let's see if you can watch
the poultry-house, then. You must be up by daybreak and go late
to bed, and lie in the straw over the poultry-loft, and keep half
awake all night to scare away the foxes, if any come; and if one
smallest chicken is lost, woe betide you! you will be whipped and
sent away. Here is a piece of dry bread for your supper. Now go,
and don't stand idling about."
Klein-Else was so hungry that she gladly took the piece of dry black
bread, and went to try to sleep on the straw in the poultry-loft. She
had to get up at daybreak, when the cock crew; and she had to keep
her eye on the brood all day; and late at night she had a piece of
dry black bread for supper, and was sent to sleep in the straw of
the poultry-loft. Her only pastime was to recall the memory of her
treasure in the rock, and repeat over and over again the knight's name,
that she might be sure never to forget it.
"But of what use is all my fine treasure," she mused, "if I am never
to be any thing but a wretched Hennenpfoesl [64]? And what can I
do? if I come out with handfuls of gold and fine clothes, they will
take me for a thief or a witch, and I shall be worse off than now;
and if I show them the treasure, who knows but they will take it from
me? The knight said my happiness depended on the use I made of it,
yet I can make no use of it!"
So she sat and counted the hens and chickens, and repeated the
knight's name, and ate her dry black bread, and slept in the straw
in the poultry-loft.
At last Sunday came, and the glad church bells rang merrily, flinging
their joyous notes all abroad; and the servants of the castle put
on their best clothes to go to church. But how could Klein-Else be
seen among them, all in their snow-white linen and bright-
ribbons--Klein-Else, the Hennenpfoesl, with her poor rags?
"Now, at last, I can use my treasury," she said to herself; "I can
at least get some of the pretty clothes that hang there, and go to
church." So she washed herself in the mountain-torrent, and braided
her dishevelled hair in massive golden braids, and crept round to
the rock, and bid it open, saying,--
"Open, hoary rock!"
Of all the treasures it instantly disclosed, she saw none but one
beautiful garment all woven out of sunbeams and glittering with jewels
of morning dew. Having put this on, and once more looking like a
baron's daughter, she made haste to reach the church.
The holy office had already begun, and the church was crowded right
out into the porch. But when the people saw such a dazzling sight,
they all made way for the lady in the shining apparel, none dreaming of
Klein-Else. Now the only part of the church where there was any room
was at the baron's bench. For he was a young lord, and had neither
mother, sister, nor wife; and all the places reserved for his family
were vacant. Klein-Else, moving on till she could find where to kneel,
had thus to come and kneel by him.
The young baron was as much dazzled at the sight as Klein-Else
herself had been at the treasures in the rock, and at every pause in
the service he could do nothing but fix his gaze on her. As soon as
it was over, however, Klein-Else glided out softly, and hasting back
to the rock, hung the sunbeam-dress up again; and once more assuming
her rags, hid herself in the poultry-loft, almost frightened at what
she had done.
All the next week she had new subjects of thought. She felt sure
the young baron had looked at her and admired her; and wasn't it
more meet that she, a baron's daughter, should be kneeling by the
side of the young baron than sleeping in the poultry-loft, a mere
Hennenpfoesl? Ah, if that came true--if the young baron married her;
then she would have some one to tell her good fortune to--some one
to defend her treasure. Then she could make the good use of it the
knight had manifestly intended. She could wipe away the tears of all
those who went without shelter, as she had once; every desolate orphan
who had none to defend her; every poor Hennenpfoesl, the drudge of the
menials. "How strange," she said to herself, "there should be people
blessed with friends, and riches, and enjoyments, who live full of
their own happiness, and who have no thought for the forsaken and the
outcast! She would never be like them, not she! her happiness should
be in making others happy."
But, in the meantime, was she sure the baron had looked at her
otherwise than out of curiosity? Was he really interested in her? and
if he was, would he continue to care for her when he found she was
only a Hennenpfoesl? She must put him to the test; and she sat and
thought how to arrange this. This was subject enough for thought;
and this week was at an end only too soon.
The next Sunday came; and when the church bells rang, Klein-Else ran
to her rock, took out of her store this time a garment woven out of
moonbeams, and having arranged her luxuriant hair in massive tresses,
once more proceeded to the church. But with all the haste she had
made, she could not arrive before the holy office had begun, and the
church was once more full. The people fell back again, in awe of her
shining garments, and made way for her to kneel beside the baron,
who could scarcely suppress a gesture of delight at beholding her
once again. Nor did his joy escape Klein-Else's observation; and many
a blushing glance they exchanged.
"What a noble cavalier!" thought Klein-Else; "and just such a one as
my father always told me my husband should be."
"What a lovely maiden!" mused the young baron; "where can she have
sprung from? Is she of earth or heaven?"
All that last week, while Klein-Else was thinking of him, he had
been thinking still more of her; and had ordered his waiting-men to
surround her as she came out of church, and beg her to come to him
at the castle. But Klein-Else had no idea of suffering herself to
be so easy a prize; so she fled so fast the baron's men could hardly
approach her. And when at last she found they were gaining upon her,
and that her fleet step availed her not, she threw down the pieces of
money which she took the first night from the rock; and while they
stopped to pick them up, pursued her way unperceived, and let the
rock close on her till they had lost the trace. Then, assuming her
poor rags once more, she returned silently to her poultry-loft.
Her thoughts had food enough now; but it was less with the poor
orphans she was to console, than with the young baron, and how to
test his love, that they were occupied.
Next Sunday she chose a garment blue like the sky, and all sparkling,
as with living stars. She presented herself at the church, and
found herself again placed beside the young baron. At the end of the
service she went out quickly, as before, only this time he contrived,
as she rose to leave, to seize her hand, and slip a gold ring on
her finger. Nevertheless, Klein-Else slipped out through the midst
of the congregation, and though the serving-men had had stringent
orders to follow her, she had prudently provided herself with gold
pieces enough to disperse the whole lot of them while she escaped.
The young baron sat alone in his castle, as he had sat this fortnight
past, taking no notice of any one, but as if his whole soul was
wrapt up in the fair apparition, and he was in despair, since her
hiding-place could not be traced. He sat nursing his grief, and could
neither be distracted from it, nor comforted. His friends sent for the
most famous physicians of the country to attend him, but none of them
could do any thing for his case; and daily he grew paler and gloomier,
and none could help him. At last the Graefin Jaufenstein, his aunt,
came and insisted that some amusement must be found to divert him;
but the young baron refused every proposal, till at last she begged
him to give a great banquet, to which every one from far and near
should be invited, every kind of game and every kind of costly
diet should be afforded, and nothing spared to make it the most
magnificent banquet ever given. To the great surprise and delight
of all, he consented to this; but it was because it occurred to him
that inviting the whole country, the chances were that the beautiful
maiden of his choice, who yet hid herself so persistently from him,
might once more mysteriously appear before him too: so he gave his
aunt the Countess Jaufenstein free leave to give what orders she
liked, and go to what expense she liked, only providing that she
should have the invitations publicly published, so that there might
be every chance of their reaching the ears of the mysterious maiden.
At last the day of the banquet came, and there was a running hither
and thither in the baron's castle, with the preparations, such as can
be better imagined than described. The guests swarmed in the halls,
and the servants in the kitchen; and Klein-Else, creeping up from her
poultry-loft, could hardly make her way up to the fire where the cook
was preparing all manner of deliciously scented dishes.
"I don't know what ails the things!" cried the cook; "these pancakes
are the only thing the baron will eat, and, as fate will have
it, I cannot turn one of them to-night! Three and thirty years
I have made pancakes in this castle, and never did I fail before
to-night--to-night, when it is most important of all!" and she poured
another into the pan. But as she did so, with a hand trembling with
anxiety, the oil ran over the side of the pan, and the great heat
of the stove set it on fire, so that a great flame curled over the
pancake--and there was nothing left of it but a black, misshapen mass.
"Oh, dear! oh, dear! what shall I do?" cried the cook; "there is not
one of the whole lot fit to send up, and if this dish is not the best,
I had just as lief I had prepared no dish at all!"
"May I have a try, friend cook?" said Klein-Else, coaxingly.
"You, indeed!" screamed the cook, indignation and envy added to her
former despair; "and a little, dirty, ragged, misbegotten starveling--a
vagabond--a Hennenpfoesl like you, who never saw a kitchen, or a stove,
or a frying-pan, or any thing else! to suppose that you can turn a
pancake, when I, who have turned pancakes in this castle for three and
thirty years, have failed! A likely matter indeed! What is the world
coming to? Begone, with your impudence, and mind your hens! Ah! now
I think of it, I believe it is you that have bewitched the eggs, and
that's why the pancakes won't turn! Begone, I say, out of my kitchen,
and out of the poultry-house too--I'll have no more of your tricks
with my eggs!" and she turned, with a menacing gesture at Klein-Else,
to try her luck once more.
But at the sight of the black mass in the frying-pan, she grew fairly
discouraged, and throwing herself down in a chair, wrapt her face in
her apron, and wept like a child.
Meantime Klein-Else advanced with light step to the stove, took up
the frying-pan, and cleaned it out in a trice, then poured fresh oil
into it, and held it over the stove till it boiled; then, while it
spluttered cheerily, she deftly poured in the batter, gliding into it
the ring which the baron had stealthily put on her hand at church,
and along with it, one with a magnificent diamond, which she had
taken from her treasury in the rock.
The boiling oil danced and chirped merrily round the cake, the batter
rose as batter never rose before; and when Klein-Else shifted it
lightly on to the dish, it wore a bright, golden hue, matched only
by her own radiant hair.
The cook, waking from her stupor, was in a transport of delight at
beholding the effect of her skill, and sent the dish at once to the
baron's table, while Klein-Else took her place in an out-of-the-way
corner to hear what should befall.
Nor had she long to wait. The dish had not been gone ten minutes,
when the baron's body-servant came solemnly into the kitchen, with
the announcement that the baron demanded the immediate attendance
of the cook. "It's because I kept him waiting for the pancakes, and
because the one of that little hussey's making is not so good as those
I have made for him all his life, and his father before him;" and,
all trembling and afraid, she rose to follow his messenger. Espying
Klein-Else watching anxiously behind a pillar as she passed along,
she could not forbear calling out to her, "Ah, wretched child, it is
you have got me into this scrape! But you shall pay for it! Why did I
let you touch the frying-pan! Why did I let you enter the castle! You
had better not come under my sight any more, or I'll soon show you
where the builder made the hole in the wall [65]!" and she dragged
herself along slowly, in great fear of the apprehended displeasure
of the baron, but comforting herself with the determination to let
him know the whole fault lay with the Hennenpfoesl.
Great was her surprise, however, to find that it was with no intention
of chiding that the baron had summoned her. On the contrary, the
gloomy cloud his brow had lately worn had disappeared; he not only
looked gay and joyous as of old, but a special radiance of pleasurable
expectation lit up his countenance.
"Why, cook," he said, "you have made me good pancakes all my life,
but never one like this! Now tell me honestly who made this one?"
"Nay, but if it is so, I may as well have the credit of it," thought
the cook; "and, after all, I did make the batter, and that's the
chief part of the work."
"Oh, I made it myself, baron, upon my soul! no one but myself makes
any thing for the high table."
The baron's countenance fell. He began to look gloomy and disappointed
once more--was the clue to escape him after all? He roused himself
again, as with one flash of hope.
"Did no one help you to make it?"
("If I tell that she had any part in it, it is obvious, from the tone
he takes, he will give the whole merit to her. No, I'll not mention
her; and besides, she didn't help me to make it.")
"Oh, baron, it don't want two people to make a pancake! I've always
made pancakes for this castle these three and thirty years without
help;" and she tried to talk as if she felt hurt, and thus bring the
conversation to an end.
The baron passed his hand roughly across his forehead, and stamped
his foot in despair.
Once more a hopeful thought flashed across his mind.
"These rings! tell me, how did they get into the pancake, if you made
it?" he exclaimed, in peremptory accents.
"Those rings? I never saw those rings before," stammered the cook,
beginning to get a little confused.
"And what did you mutter as you passed the Hennenpfoesl coming
along, about it's being all her fault, and making her suffer for
it?" interposed the body-servant.
"Ha! said she so?" cried the baron. "Speak, woman, what meant you by
those words? Beware, and speak the truth this time, for it is matter
of terrible consequence!"
"Who ever would have thought such a fuss would come of turning a
pancake!" thought the cook to herself; but she said out aloud, "Well,
it is true, the Hennenpfoesl did hold the frying-pan while it was on
the stove; I didn't know it was worth while to mention that. But what
could she have to do with the beautiful rings?"
"True," replied the servant, "that can have nothing to do with it,
as you say."
"Nay," replied the baron, "I'm not so clear of that. Let the
Hennenpfoesl, as you call her, be brought here, and let's see what
account she has to give of it."
"But it's impossible; she isn't even a servant of the house. She is
a little whining beggar brat, that I took in scarce three weeks ago
and put in the poultry-loft, to keep her from starving."
"Three weeks!" exclaimed the baron; "said you three weeks? Let her
be brought to me instantly."
"But she isn't fit to come into your presence; she's grimed with dirt,
and covered in rags."
"Reason not, but send her hither," said the baron, his energy returning
as his hopes kindled.
"If she is the maiden to whom I gave the ring, she is of no low birth:
there is some mystery which I must penetrate. If she were nothing
but a 'Hennenpfoesl,' whence could she have had this brilliant ring,
which puts mine to shame?" he mused within himself, as he waited
impatiently for the maiden of his dreams to appear.
Klein-Else, meantime, had made no doubt that since the baron had
sent for the cook, his wisdom would enable him to discover that she
must be sent for next, and had accordingly repaired to her treasury
in the rock, and had taken thence a resplendent attire. It was no
longer now the simple gifts of nature which furnished her wardrobe;
she was decked as became a baron's daughter, with all the resources of
the milliner and the jeweller's art. Cavaliers and ladies-in-waiting
walked beside her, and twenty pages dressed in pink and white satin,
with plumed bonnets, carried her train behind, while men in rich
liveries, bearing torches, ran by the side of the procession.
Graefin Jaufenstein was at the head of the hall welcoming the guests,
and doing the honours of the castle, to supply what the moody humour
of its lord left lacking in courtesy. But while she courtesied to
noble lords and ladies with queenly grace, and, with imperceptible
asides, at the same time gave directions that every one should have
his due place, and that every thing should proceed with the due order
of etiquette, it never for a moment escaped her practised eye that
something unusual was going on in the neighbourhood of the young
baron. That he should summon the cook to his presence, probably to
chide her justly for some breach of the rules of her art, if such
had befallen, was indeed no unreasonable distraction for the baron's
melancholy, and she hailed it as a token of returning interest in the
ordinary affairs of life, which had occupied him so little of late;
but when she heard him order the Hennenpfoesl to be brought there in
the midst of his guests, she thought it time to interfere--it became
a matter of eccentricity passing all bounds. Dexterously excusing her
momentary absence from her guests, she accordingly made her way up to
her nephew, preparing to wrap up her remonstrance in her most honeyed
language, so as better to convince without provoking him. Before she
could reach his chair, there was a movement of astonishment in the
vast assembly, and a cry of admiration, while the heralds proclaimed,--
"Place for the most noble baron's daughter!" And then, surrounded
by her shining crowd of attendants, and glittering in her jewelled
robes, Klein-Else made her way with modest, but at the same time
noble carriage towards the young baron.
The young baron recognized her the moment the tapestry was raised
for her to pass, and instantly went forth to meet her with courteous
gestures, and led her up to the seat next his own at the banquet.
The stately countess looked on a little perplexed, for the first time
in her life, but with admirable serenity and self-possession inquired
the name of the fair guest who did their poor banquet the honour of
attending it in so great state.
"I am the poor Hennenpfoesl, madame, whom your noble nephew has done
the honour to summon to his presence; and I hope you will not think
I disgrace his command," replied Klein-Else, with a reverence at once
lowly and full of accomplished dignity.
"The Hennenpfoesl!" repeated the countess, returning the salute
mechanically. "But surely there is some mistake--some----"
"Yes, dearest countess, some mystery there is," interposed her nephew;
"but we will not seek to penetrate it till it shall please the lady
herself to reveal it. Why she should have chosen to pass some time as
the Hennenpfoesl, I know not; but this is not the first time we have
met, and I am sufficiently satisfied of her grace and discretion to
know that for whatever reason she chose it, she chose aright. I have
further determined this very night to lay myself and my fortune at
her feet!"
Klein-Else started, with a little cry of satisfied expectation,
then modestly and looked down.
"But the lady will at least favour us with her name?" urged the
countess, but half satisfied. Klein-Else turned to her chamberlain
with dignity, and whispered an order; and then the chamberlain stood
forward and proclaimed aloud the names and titles of the deceased
baron of the Passeier-Thal, her father.
"Oh!" said the lady, in a tone of disparagement, "methinks his was
a fortune which could scarcely be united with that of my nephew!"
"Countess!" exclaimed the young baron, furious at the suggestion;
but before he could proceed the chamberlain once more intervened.
"There need be no difficulty on that score," he said; and he made a
sign to the attendants who were behind. They came up in brave order,
two and two, each pair bearing a casket in which was a thousand
crowns. "A thousand such caskets contain the dowry of the baron's
daughter; and she has priceless jewels without number."
"A million crowns!" echoed the whole assembly, in chorus; "was there
ever such a fortune known?"
The countess was absolutely speechless, and turned to participate in
the astonishment of her guests.
The young baron and Klein-Else, thus left to each other's conversation,
were not slow in confessing their mutual love.
"And now all our friends are gathered round us," he exclaimed, at last,
"what better time to proclaim our happiness? My friends! I present
you the fair lady who has consented to become my bride!"
There was a general sound of jubilation and praise. All gathered
round to felicitate the baron, and the minstrels sang the charms of
the bride.
The baron begged them all to stay with him ten days, to celebrate the
nuptials. And for ten days there was revelry and rapture, singing
and merry-making; and when at last the guests returned home, every
one carried back to his own neighbourhood the tale of the surpassing
beauty, riches, and grace of Klein-Else. Every body had been won by
her, there was no dissentient opinion; and even Graefin Jaufenstein
acknowledged that her nephew could not have made a nobler or better
choice.
When they were left alone, the days seemed hardly long enough to
tell their love. Never was there happiness equal to theirs. Before
the guests left, the baron had invited them all to come back every
year on the anniversary; and every year, as they gathered round,
they found them more and more wrapt in each other's love.
On the second anniversary they found that their happiness had been
increased by the birth of an heir; and the next year there was a little
daughter too, the delight of her parents. Year by year the children
grew in beauty, and grace, and intelligence, and others were added
to their numbers. And every one envied the unequalled happiness of
the baron and baroness.
Meantime the years were passing away, though Klein-Else had taken
no account of them. To her it was one continual round of enjoyment,
uncrossed by any care; each season had its own joys, and she revelled
in the fresh variety of each, but counted them not as they passed.
One day they sat together under a shady grove: the baron was weaving
a chaplet of roses, Klein-Else was fondling her latest-born upon her
knee; round them sported their little ones, bringing fresh baskets
of roses for the chaplet the baron was weaving for Klein-Else; while
Otto the heir, a noble boy who promised to reproduce his father's
stately figure and handsome lineaments, rejoiced them by his prowess
with his bow and arrow.
"How the time has sped, Klein-Else!" whispered the baron; "it seems
but yesterday that you first came and knelt beside me in your sunbeam
garment. Then, just as now, it was happiness to feel you beside me. I
knew not who was there, but as I heard the flutter of your drapery a
glow of joy seemed to come from its shining folds, and I, who had never
loved any one else, loved you from that moment as I love you now!"
"How well you say it, love!" responded Klein-Else. "Yes; where is
the difference between to-day and yesterday, and last year and the
year before that? Ever since that first day it has been one long love,
nothing else! Yes; well I remember that day. I was poor, and despised,
and had no one to talk to, and never thought any one would ever look
at me again--except to scold me. And then I went into the church and
knelt by you; and I felt as the new ivy twig must feel when it has
crept and tossed about in vain, and then at last finds, close under
its grasp, the strong, immovable oak, and clasps it--clasps it never
to loose its hold again, never! but grows up clasping it ever closer
and closer, till it grows quite one with it, and no one can separate
them any more for ever!"
"Yes," replied the baron; "nothing can separate them any more--nothing
can separate us now! We have grown together for years, and have only
grown the closer. It is now--let me see--five, six, seven years,
and we have only grown the closer to each other! To think it is
seven years! no, it wants a few weeks; but it will soon be seven
years. Seven--" he turned to look at her, for he perceived that as
he spoke she had loosened her hold of him, and now he saw she was
pale and trembling.
"But what ails you, Elschen [66]? Elschen dear! speak to me,
Elschen!" he added, with anxiety, for she sank back almost unconscious
against the bank.
"I shall be better presently," stammered the baroness. "I think the
scent of the flowers is too powerful. I don't feel quite well--take
me down by the side of the water; I shall be better presently." An
attendant took the babe from her arms--and the baron remembered
afterwards, that as she parted from it she embraced it with a
passionate flood of tears; then he led her to the side of the stream,
and bathed her burning forehead in the cooling flood.
Suddenly voices in angry altercation were heard through the trees,
and the servants summoned the baron with excited gesticulations,
saying there was a strange knight, all in armour, who claimed to see
the baroness.
Klein-Else was near fainting again when she heard them say that.
"Claims to see the baroness, say you?" replied their lord, with
menacing gesture. "Where is he? Let him say that to me!" and he darted
off to meet him, without listening to the faint words Klein-Else
strove to utter.
Now she was left alone by the side of the stream where, as the
Hennenpfoesl, she had first washed away the stains of servitude and
dressed herself to meet him who was to teach her to love. It was
beside that stream she had sat, and her tears had mingled with it,
as she had vowed that if ever such joy was hers as now she owned,
her treasure should be for those who were outcast and suffering as
she had been, and her happiness should be in making others happy!
How had she fulfilled her vow? From that time to this it had passed
out of her mind. Filled with her own gratification, she had left
the orphan in her bereavement, the suffering in their misery, nor
stretched out a helping hand.
The seven years were spent, and there was no doubt the knight was come
to seek an account of the treasure he had entrusted to her. She had
not only to meet him with shame for its misuse, but even his name she
had forgotten! And he had said, "Woe be to you, if you have forgotten
that name!"
But she had forgotten it. She pressed her hands against her throbbing
temples as if to force it from her brain, and swept away the mantling
hair--if but the cool breeze might waft it back to her! But the
forgotten name came not.
Suddenly the knight stood before her, and terrible he was to look at
in his shining armour! As she saw him she screamed and swooned away.
But he touched her, and bade her rise, then beckoned her to follow him;
and she could not choose but obey. He led her over the stream and along
the path in the mountain-side where the trees fringed the way; and when
they reached the rock she knew so well, with its treasury whence all
her means of happiness had been derived, he said in solemn accents,--
"Open, hoary rock!"
But to her he said,--
"Look!"
Then she could not choose but look. But oh, horror! in place of the
coin and jewels, armour and apparel, it was filled with wasted forms
bowed with misery and distress! the tear-worn orphan, the neglected
sick. Here she saw lying a youth, wan and emaciated, struck down in
all the promise of boyhood, and his mother tore her hair in agony by
his side. And there stood a father, gaunt and grey, vainly grappling
with Hunger, who was stealing away his children one by one from before
his face. Here----
But she could bear no more. She sank upon the ground, and hid her
face for very shame.
"The ransom of these, it is, you have spent upon yourself!" thundered
the pitiless knight; and every word was a death-knell....
The baron and his servants continued their search for the unknown
knight, but for long they found him not; one said he had seen him go
this way, and another that. Till at last an artless peasant maiden
told them she had seen him take the path of the mountain, across
the stream, and the baroness following behind with weak and unsteady
steps. The baron hasted his steps to pursue the way she pointed.
But he only found the lifeless body of Klein-Else kneeling against
the hoary rock!
PRINCE RADPOT [67].
Radpot succeeded early to the throne of his fathers. When on his
deathbed, his sire had called him to his side, and said to him,
"In leaving you my kingdom, I leave you a counsel with it which is
worth the kingdom itself. In all things be guided by the advice of
my wise counsellor Rathgeb, and you shall do well."
But Radpot had a stepmother who hated him, and was determined to
destroy him if possible; so she devised a plot against him, the first
step of which was to get him out of the kingdom. She therefore advised
that he should take a year's journey to perfect himself in knowledge
of the world, before assuming the reins of government.
Radpot was not devoid of shrewdness, and readily suspecting some evil
intention in his stepmother's advice, at first resisted following it;
but afterwards, submitting the matter to Rathgeb, according to his
father's desire, he received from him a different counsel from that
which he had expected.
"Though your stepmother may have evil intentions," he said, "you
need not therefore be afraid; we shall be able to baffle them. In
the meantime, it is well that you should travel to see the world,
and learn experience. We will so establish a council of regency that
the queen shall not be able to do great mischief during your absence."
Radpot was nothing loath to follow this advice, as he was of an
adventurous disposition; so, all things being ordered for the due
conduct of the affairs of the kingdom, he set out with Rathgeb for
his year's journey.
During all the days of preparation for the journey, the queen, who
had always heretofore shown herself harsh and hostile to Radpot,
behaved with the utmost tenderness and devotion, which the young
prince ascribed to her satisfaction at his having followed her advice,
and returned her advances with an ingenuous cordiality. She, in turn,
received his deference with an increase of solicitude, and nothing
could be more affectionate than their leave-taking. Every thing the
thoughtfulness of a fond mother could have suggested was provided by
her for his safety and comfort on the journey; and as he had his foot
in the stirrup she still had one more token of her care of him.
"Take this vial," she said, "it is a precious cordial; and when
you are worn and wearied with heat and travel, a few drops of
its precious contents will suffice to restore you to strength and
vigour. Farewell! and when you taste of it, think of me."
Radpot, with all the openness of his generous nature, assured her
that he should never forget her kindness for him, and stowing away
the vial in his belt, waved his hand to her as he rode away.
Two days and two nights Radpot and his trusty counsellor journeyed
through the cool forest; and then for another day along its border,
exposed to the heat of the sun upon the mountain-sides, till they
came to a vast plain where there was no shelter of hill or tree,
no hospitality of human dwelling. With unbroken courage, however,
the young prince commenced crossing it. It was only when, after three
days' more hard riding, they still seemed as far as ever from a place
of rest, that, wearied and dispirited, he took out his stepmother's
vial, to try the effect of her cordial.
It was the moment Rathgeb had feared. He had observed how completely
the queen had lulled Radpot's suspicions, and that every attempt
at suggesting there was any hypocrisy in her conduct had appeared
to vex him. To have now spoken of any danger in trying her cordial
would probably have provoked his resentment--Rathgeb took another
way of saving his charge.
"Think you not our mounts deserve more than we to taste this precious
restorative? whatever labour we have endured, theirs has been tenfold."
"True," said the good-natured prince; and, dismounting, he opened
the mouth of his steed, and poured some drops of the liquid on his
tongue. He had scarcely done so, however, when the poor beast stretched
out his long neck with an air of agony, then fell over on its side,
and expired!
Rathgeb left the incident to produce its own effect on the mind of
his pupil, who stood gazing as one bewildered.
"What can it be that killed my good horse?" he exclaimed, at length;
"it could not be the cordial! no, never! the queen could not have
been so base! It was, that he has been so long unused to exercise,
this terrible journey has overcome him, and the cordial was too late
to save him."
"Try it on mine," answered Rathgeb; "he is a battle-charger, used to
endurance, and delighting in labour. See," he said, jumping to the
ground, and patting his neck, "he is as fresh now as when we started,
not a hair turned!"
"Be it so," replied Radpot, not without some asperity. "I would not
suffer the trial, could I suspect it possible the queen could be
capable of so horrible a plot as you evidently suppose; but I cannot
believe it--so give the cordial to your horse."
Rathgeb took the vial, and poured not more than three drops on the
tongue of his thirsty beast. Both watched the effect with a tension
akin to awe.
In the first few moments no change was apparent, but Radpot was too
generous to give utterance to the triumph he began to experience.
Suddenly the faithful beast started as if it had been transfixed with
the sharpest arrow, directed one piteous look towards the master it had
served so well, and fell down lifeless by the side of its companion.
"There is no doubt it is as you say," Radpot now confessed, at
once. "Forgive me for the haste with which I spoke."
"Nay, prince, there is no need of excuse. Though it behoved me to
stand on guard and see no harm befell you, it became you to trust
her whose duty it was to befriend, not to harm you."
"And now try this cordial of mine, maybe it will fulfil what the
other promised."
The prince gladly accepted the proffered gift; and both, wonderfully
restored by its effects, continued their journey on foot.
They had not gone far when three ravens passed them on the wing. The
prince and his companion turned back to watch their flight, and saw
them alight on the carrion of their dead horses, immediately after
tasting of which they all three fell to the earth dead, by the side
of the dead horses.
"There may be some profit to be gained from these," said Rathgeb;
and going back to the spot, he picked up the dead ravens and took
them with him.
Their journey was without further incident, till they at last espied
a welcome hut completely sheltered in the border of a vast stretch
of forest land.
The sight gave them courage for renewed exertion; and in a few minutes
more they stood before the door. An old woman came out to ask them
in, but observing the youth and noble mien of the prince, she seemed
to be moved with compassion, and cried out, with great earnestness,
entreating them not to come in, for the place was the resort of a
band of twelve robbers, and that no one could deliver them out of
their hands. They would not be home till the next day for dinner;
in the meantime, by a path she indicated, the travellers could easily
make good their escape.
The prince would have rewarded her for her advice, and have set out
again to find a safer shelter; but Rathgeb remarked to him, that a
prince should rather find means to overcome a danger than fly from it,
and promised to carry him through this one, if he would be guided
by him. Radpot, mindful of his father's desire, promised to do all
he proposed.
"Then, when the robbers come in, do exactly as I do," said Rathgeb;
"in the meantime keep up your courage." And so they supped on what the
old woman set before them, and went to bed and slept peacefully. The
next day, an hour before dinner-time, Rathgeb went into the kitchen
and handed the three ravens to the old woman to cook, giving her
very particular directions as to the sauces that were to accompany
it, as if it were a dish for which they had a particular liking,
and wished dressed entirely for themselves. He was still watching
the confection of the dish when the twelve robbers came back. They
gave the two strangers a friendly reception, and invited them to
dinner. This, the old servant had told Rathgeb, was their custom,
and that after dinner they fell upon their guests and slew them at
the moment when they least expected any onslaught.
Rathgeb accepted the invitation, with the proviso that he and his
companion should be allowed to eat their own food, being some game
they had brought down by the way. The robbers made no objection, and
they sat down to table. While waiting for the repast to be brought,
the robbers entertained their guests with lively conversation, in
which Rathgeb joined with great show of cordiality, the young prince
sustaining his part admirably.
When the dishes were brought, the old woman was careful to set the
three ravens before Rathgeb, as he had bidden her; but the chief
robber interposed, and said they must really allow him to offer him
and his young friend of their hospitality. Rathgeb made a little
courteous difficulty; and the robber-chief, whose object was not
to thwart his guests in any thing, but make a show of the greatest
civility, said he must really consent to exchange dishes, and not
deprive him of the pleasure of providing in one way or another for
his guests. After holding out for some pressing, Rathgeb consented,
and each set to work to help himself to what was before him, the
dish which had been before the robber-chief having been exchanged
with that which was before Rathgeb.
Rathgeb helped the prince without appearing to take any notice of
what befell the robbers; and Radpot, understanding how important
it was to engender no suspicion, fell with a hunter's appetite upon
the viands without taking his eyes from his plate, after the manner
of a famished man. Before he had devoured many mouthfuls, however,
the poison of the ravens had done its work; one after another, or
rather all together, the robbers fell under the table as suddenly as
the horses and the ravens themselves--all but one. For one of the
robbers had felt suspicious of the unusual circumstance of guests
bringing their own food with them; when he pointed this out to his
companions, they said it was clear there could be no guile in the
matter, seeing the guests had so manifestly prepared it for their
own eating. But he had abstained from incurring the risk himself,
and now alone stood erect amid the dead bodies of his companions.
"Draw, prince," said Rathgeb, "and rid us of this scum of the
earth! cross not your sword with the defiled one, but smite him down
as a reptile."
Radpot did not wait to be twice told; before Rathgeb had done speaking
he had hewn down the swaggering bully, who had thought to make easy
work of an unpractised foe.
Radpot and his counsellor lost no time in continuing their journey. The
store of the robbers they left to the old woman who had befriended
them, and took only a provision of wine and bread with them for their
necessities by the way.
Skirting along the borders of the forest, they shortly came to a fine
city, where they established themselves at the first inn. They sat
down in the Herrenstuebchen [68] while other guests came in. "What
news is there?" asked Rathgeb of the new comers.
"News?" asked the person addressed; "it's always the old story
here--but that's as strange for those who don't know it as any news."
"What may it be, then?" pursued Rathgeb.
"Why, the princess to whom all this country belongs is going on with
her old mad pranks. She is perpetually propounding some new stupid
riddle, promising her hand and kingdom to whomsoever divines it. But
no one can divine the meaning of her nonsense; and the penalty is,
that whoever attempts and fails is dressed like a fool or jester,
with long ears and bells, and is made to ride backwards all through
the city, with all the people hooting and jeering him."
Rathgeb then informed himself as to the appearance and character of
the princess.
"Oh, as to that, she is charming in appearance--radiant as the sun,
dazzling all beholders; that is how so many heads are turned by
her. And as for her mind, there is no fault there either, except
that just because she is more gifted than all other women, she is
thus proud and haughty and unbearable."
Rathgeb had heard enough, and went out with the prince to make
acquaintance with the city and people, and to talk to him of the
plans which had suggested themselves to him for courting and taming
the princess. Radpot, who had been much pleased with the account
of the princess they heard repeated all around, entered fully into
his projects.
As the princess was much interested in conversing with foreigners,
it was not difficult for Rathgeb and the prince to obtain admission
to her. Rathgeb then proposed the prince to her as suitor; but on
the condition that, instead of the princess proposing the riddle
for him to guess, he should propose one for the princess to guess,
and that if she failed, she must marry his prince.
Two motives urged the princess to accede to this arrangement: first,
she felt her credit was staked on not refusing the trial; and then,
she was so struck by the appearance of the handsome young suitor,
that she was very glad to be saved the chance of losing him by his
not guessing her riddle.
Rathgeb's riddle was: "What is that of which one killed two, two
killed three, and three killed eleven?"
The princess asked for three days to consider her answer; during
which time she consulted all her clever books and all the wise men
of the kingdom, but she was unable to arrive at any answer which had
a chance of proving to be the right one.
The third day came, and with it Rathgeb and the prince. The
princess was obliged to acknowledge herself vanquished, but found an
over-payment for her vexation in having to marry the handsome prince,
who, however, had, by Rathgeb's advice, not told her that he was a
prince, and they passed for two travelling pedlars.
At first all went well enough. In the happiness of living with a
husband she loved, the Princess forgot many of her haughty ways, and
as the prince governed the kingdom wisely, under Rathgeb's advice,
every body was content.
This happy state of things was not destined to last. By degrees the
princess's old habits of self-sufficiency, haughtiness, and bad temper
came back, and Radpot found he had hard lines to keep peace with
her. From day to day this grew worse; and at last he found it hardly
possible to endure her continual reproaches and causeless vituperation.
In the meantime Rathgeb received the intelligence from the council of
regency that the queen, Radpot's stepmother, was dead, and that all
the people were impatient that he should return and place himself at
the head of the nation.
In communicating this news to the prince, the old counsellor propounded
a scheme for reducing his wife to a better frame of mind which pleased
him well. In accordance with it, Radpot absented himself from the
palace for several days. At the end of that time he returned; but
instead of waiting to listen to the fierce invectives with which the
princess met him on his return, he interrupted her at the beginning of
the discourse by informing her that he had been engaged on important
affairs which did not concern her. Before she had time to recover
from her surprise at his audacity in treating her thus, he went on
to say that this absence was only the prelude to a much longer one,
as he was now called home by his mother, who was a very old woman, and
who entreated him to remain with her during the rest of her days; that
he was about to set out, therefore, to go to her, and he could not say
if he should be able ever to come back again--so he must bid her adieu.
The princess could not for a long time be induced to believe that he
was serious; but when she really found him making preparations for his
departure, without any allusion to the idea of her accompanying him,
she was so softened and distressed that, but for a sign from Rathgeb,
he would have forgiven her at once, and told her all.
By Rathgeb's advice, he determined to put her change of demeanour to
the test before giving in, and he told her it was impossible to take
her with him.
At this, her pleading to accompany him became still more earnest.
"But if you came with me, you would not have a palace-full of servants
to wait upon you; you would have to live in a poor hut with a cross
old woman, to whom I could not bear that you should answer a cross
word, however peevish she might be; you would have to live on the
poorest fare, and to earn something towards the support of your life."
The princess, who really loved Radpot devotedly, and was of a good
and noble nature, having erred chiefly through thoughtlessness and
want of self-control, accepted all these hard terms cheerfully,
rather than be separated from her husband.
So they set out the next day. And when they got near Radpot's capital,
Rathgeb went on before to a poor cottage in the outskirts, where there
lived a lone old woman whom he could trust to carry on his plan by
acting as Radpot's mother, without her ever knowing who he really was.
When Radpot and the princess arrived before this cottage, by Rathgeb's
instruction, the old woman came out and welcomed him as her son,
and Radpot introduced the princess to her as his wife.
"Not much like the wife of an honest workman either!" grumbled the
old woman, according to Rathgeb's instructions. "That's the kind of
wife a man picks up when he goes to foreign parts--a pert, stuck-up
minx! But she'll have to learn to dress like a sober woman, and make
some use of her fingers, now she's come here, I can tell her!"
The princess could have thrust these words back down the old woman's
throat in an instant, but Radpot imposed silence by a severe look; and
then he reminded her that she had promised submission and obedience to
his mother, adding that, if she desired it, and shrank from sharing
his poverty and hard fare, his friend Rathgeb would even now take
her back to her own country.
But the very idea of parting from him produced immediate submission;
and the old lady happening to be leaning against the table, as if
tired of the exertion of welcoming her son, she even fetched and
placed a chair for her, and helped her gently into it.
But still, bad habits cannot be changed all at once, and before the
day was out Radpot had had to put on his severe look to arrest her
angry answer many a time.
The next morning, as soon as they had breakfasted, he said he was
going out for his work as a mason's labourer, and she must choose
what work she would do, as no one must be idle in his house. The
princess timidly replied that she knew many kinds of fine embroidery,
which she thought would sell for a great price, and as she had some
such with her, she would set to work to finish a piece of it, so that
Rathgeb might take it into the town and get it sold.
Radpot came back in the evening, and flung down a few pence on the
table, which he said was the amount of his daily wage, and told
her to go out and get the supper with it. It was little she knew of
how to buy a workman's supper; and what she brought Radpot was so
dissatisfied with that (having dined himself in the palace) he threw
it out of window, so that she had to go supperless to bed. Before
she went up-stairs, however, Radpot told her to show him her day's
work; and when she brought it, expecting him to admire its delicacy
and finish, he at once threw it on one side, saying he was sure such
coarse stuff would not sell there.
The princess spent the night more in weeping than in sleeping. In the
morning she had to get up and prepare the breakfast, in doing which
she not only burnt her hands, but, by her general awkwardness at the
unusual work, incurred a storm of vituperation from the old mother
such as she had often been wont to bestow, while no rough word had
ever been spoken to her before in her whole life.
All through the day she had to attend to all the old woman's whims;
and in the evening when Radpot came home it was nearly the same thing
again with the supper, and he would scarcely suffer her to snatch
more than a few mouthfuls, so angry he showed himself at her mistakes
in the manner of preparing it. He told her, too, that so long as she
did not know how to earn her food, she must not expect to have much
of it. This made her the more desirous that Rathgeb should take her
work to the town. When he had done so, however, he brought it back,
saying no one would buy such coarse, common work there. Then she
tried other kinds, each finer and more delicate than the last; but
all were brought back to her with the same answer. At last they gave
her a basket of common pottery, and told her to go and sell it to the
poor people in the market-place. This answered rather better than
the work. There were plenty of people who wanted to buy crockery,
and the most of them came to her basket in preference to others',
because of her beautiful face all bathed in tears. But just as she
was reckoning up what a nice sum we should now have to take home, and
that it would be acknowledged she had done something right at last,
a smartly caparisoned cavalier came riding past, and, without heed
to her cries, upset the whole of her stock upon the road, smashing
every thing to atoms, and scattering her heap of halfpence into the
gutter. She was so bewildered she hardly thought to look at him,
and yet, from the single glance, he appeared so like Radpot that she
almost called to him by name; he dashed away, however, so quickly,
that he was out of hearing in a minute.
In the evening, when she came to detail her mishap to him, he appeared
to be very angry at her ill success in every thing she attempted,
adding, "I'm afraid you'll never be any use to a poor man--we must
get Rathgeb to take you back home again."
But at this she threw herself at his feet in despair, begged him
so piteously to do any thing but that, promised so earnestly to
apply herself to any mode of life he prescribed for her, provided
only he would keep her by him, that he could hold out no longer,
and determined to put an end to her trial.
"I will give you one chance more," he said, trying to assume a tone
of indifference: "you shall bring me my dinner while I am at work
to-morrow; that will save me the time of going to get it, and will be
worth something--only mind, now, don't make any mistake this time! I
am working at the palace; bring the dinner there, and ask for the
mason's labourer."
The next day she took good care to have the dinner ready in time;
and though she was filled with confusion at having to go through the
public streets carrying the humble provision of the labourer's dinner,
and every one gazing after her beautiful, tearful face, she yet went
her way bravely, and came at last to the palace.
The moment she asked at the door for the mason's labourer, a page was
sent with her, who conducted her through suites of apartments vaster
and more magnificent than those of her own palace; and, while she was
lost in bewilderment, the page suddenly stopped short and pointed to
a drapery hanging, saying, "Pull that aside, and you will find within,
him you seek," and then darted away.
She scarcely dared do as she was bid; but then the clocks began to
strike the midday hour, and, fearful of keeping her husband waiting,
she lifted the drapery with a trembling hand.
On a royal throne, and habited in royal state, there sat Radpot
himself, Rathgeb standing respectfully by his side. The princess
thought to have fainted at the sight, for she could in no way
understand how they came to be there.
"Come in, princess!" said Radpot, encouragingly; and Rathgeb went to
the door, and conducted her up to him. He bid her welcome, and kissed
her tenderly, told her frankly what had been his plans with her, then
led her into an adjoining room, where there were ladies-in-waiting
ready to attire her in a robe of cloth-of-gold and coronet of diamonds,
which they held in readiness, with many choicest ornaments of gold
and precious stones. When she was ready, pages in court suits went
before her, and heralds proclaimed her aloud.
As soon as the prince saw her arrive, he ordered his high council
to be called in, and presented his consort to them, declaring her as
virtuous as she was fair.
After this they lived together many years in great happiness, for
the princess had had a life-long lesson, and never relapsed into her
foolish ways.
THE THREE BLACK DOGS.
The wind roared through the tall fir-trees, and swept the
snow-flakes in masses against the window-panes; the rafters rattled
and the casements clattered; but dismally, above the roaring and
the clattering, sounded the howling of three black dogs at the
cottage-door; for their good master lay on the pallet within, near
his end, and never more should he urge them on to the joyous hunt.
The old man was stark and grey; one bony hand held fast the bed-clothes
with convulsive clutch, and one rested in benediction on the dark
locks of his only son kneeling by his side. Long he lay as if at the
last gasp. Then suddenly raising his weary head from the pillow, he
exclaimed, "Joessl, my son, forget not to pray for your father when
he is no more." And Joessl sobbed in reply.
"Joessl," continued the old man, with painful effort, "you know fortune
has never favoured me in this world: you are my noble boy, and I would
have left you rich enough to be a great man, as your looks would have
you--but it was not to be! Joessl, it was not to be!" and the old man
sank back upon the bed, and hid his face and wept.
"Father, you have taught me to labour, to be honest, to face danger,
and to fear God!" said the brave youth, throwing himself upon him
and caressing his hollow cheeks; "that was the best inheritance you
could leave me."
"Well said! my noble son," replied the father. "But you are young to
rough the world by yourself; and I have nothing to leave you but the
Three Black Dogs--my faithful dogs--they are howling my death-knell
without. Let them in, Joessl--they are all you have now in the world!"
Joessl went to let them in; and as he did so the old man's eyes glazed
over and his spirit fled, and Joessl returned to find only a corpse.
The Three Black Dogs ceased their howling when they saw his grief,
and came and fawned upon him and licked his hands. For three days
they remained mourning together; and then the men came and buried the
father. Other people came to live in the cottage, and Joessl went out
to wander over the wide world, the Three Black Dogs following behind.
When there was a day's work to be done they fared well enough. Though
he had so fair a face and so noble a bearing, Joessl was always ready
to apply his stalwart limbs to labour, and what he earned he shared
with the Three Black Dogs, who whined and fawned and seemed to say,--
"We are eating your bread in idleness now; but never mind, the day
will come when we will earn you yours."
But when there was no work to be had, when the storm beat and
the winter wind raged, Joessl was fain to share a peasant's meal
where he could find pity by the way, and many there were who said,
"God be gracious unto thee, my son," when they saw his comely face;
but the Black Dogs slunk away, as if ashamed that their master's son
should have to beg, not only for himself, but for them also.
Better times came with the spring; and then there was the hay-cutting,
and the harvesting, and the vintage, and Joessl found plenty of
work. But still he journeyed on, and the Three Black Dogs behind.
At last he saw in the distance the towers of a great city, and he
hasted on, for all his life he had lived in the mountains, and had
never seen a town.
But when he reached it, he found that though it was a vast city, it
was empty and desolate. Broad well-paved roads crossed it, but they
were more deserted than the mountain-tracks. There were workshops,
and smithies, and foundries, and ovens, but all silent and empty, and
no sound was heard! Then he looked up, and saw that every house was
draped with black, and black banners hung from the towers and palaces.
Still not a human being appeared, either in the public squares or
at the house-windows; so he still wandered on, and the Three Black
Dogs behind.
At last he espied in the distance a waggoner with his team coming
through the principal road which traversed the city, and lost no
time in making his way up to him and asking what this unearthly
stillness meant.
The waggoner cracked his whip and went on, as if he were frightened
and in a hurry; but Joessl kept up with him. So he told him, as they
went along, that for many years past a great Dragon had devastated the
country, eating up all the inhabitants he found in the way, so that
every one shunned the streets; nor should he be going through now,
but that need obliged him to pass that way, and he got through the
place as quickly as he could. But, he added, there was less danger
for him now, because lately they had found that if every morning some
one was put in his way to devour, that served him for the day, and
he left off teasing and worrying others as he had been used to do;
so that now a lot was cast every day, and upon whomsoever of the
inhabitants the lot fell, he had to go out upon the highway early
the next morning that the dragon might devour him and spare the rest.
Just then a crier came into the street, and proclaimed that the lot
that day had fallen on the king's daughter, and that to-morrow morning
she must be exposed to the dragon.
The people, who had come to the windows to hear what the crier had
to say, now no longer kept within doors. Every one was so shocked to
think that the lot had fallen on their beautiful young princess, that
they all came running out into the streets to bewail her fate aloud;
and the old king himself came into their midst, tearing his clothes
and plucking out his white hair, while the tears ran fast down his
venerable beard.
When Joessl saw that, it reminded him of his own father, and he could
not bear to see his tears.
Then the king sent the crier out again to proclaim that if any one
would fight the dragon, and deliver his daughter, he should have her
hand, together with all his kingdom. But the fear of the dragon was
so great on all the people of the city that there was not one would
venture to encounter it, even for the sake of such a prize.
Every hour through the day the crier went out and renewed the
proclamation. But every one was too much afraid of the dragon to make
the venture, and Joessl, though he felt he would have courage to meet
the dragon; could not find heart to come forward before all the people
of the king's court, and profess to do what no one else could do. So
the hours went by all through the day and all through the night,
and no one had appeared to deliver the princess.
Then daybreak came, and with it the mournful procession which was to
conduct the victim to the outskirts of the city; and all the people
came out to see it, weeping. The old king came down the steps of the
palace to deliver up his daughter; and it was all the people could
do to hold him back from giving himself up in her place.
But when the moment of parting from her came, the thought was so
dreadful that he could not bring himself to make the sacrifice; and
when he should have given her up he only clasped her the tighter in
his arms. Then the people began to murmur. They said, "The hour is
advancing, and the dragon will be upon us, and make havoc among us
all. When the lot fell upon one of us, we gave up our wives, and our
fathers, and our children; and now the same misfortune has visited
you, you must do no less;" and as the time wore on they grew more
and more angry and discontented.
This increased the distress and terror of the king, and he raved
with despair.
When Joessl found matters as bad as this, he forgot his bashfulness,
and coming forward through the midst of the crowd, he asked permission
to go out to meet the dragon; "and if I fail," he added, "at least I
shall have prolonged the most precious life by one day;" and he bent
down and kissed the hem of the princess's garment.
When the princess heard his generous words she took heart, and
looked up, and was right glad to see one of such noble bearing for
her deliverer. But the old king, without stopping to look at him,
threw himself on his neck and kissed him with delight, and called
him his son, and promised him there was nothing of all the crier had
proclaimed that should not be fulfilled.
The discontent of the people was changed into admiration; and they
accompanied Joessl to the city gates with shouts of encouragement as
he went forth to meet the dragon, and the Three Black Dogs behind.
If the king's daughter had been pleased with the appearance of her
deliverer, Joessl had every reason to be no less delighted with that
of the lady to whom he was about to devote his life.
Full of hope and enthusiasm, he passed on through the midst of the
people--regardless of their shouts, for he was thinking only of
her--and the Three Black Dogs behind.
It was past the time when the dragon usually received his victim, and
he was advancing rapidly towards the city walls, roaring horribly,
and "swinging the scaly horrors of his folded tail." The fury of
the monster might have made a more practised arm tremble, but Joessl
thought of his father's desire that he should be a great man, and
do brave deeds, and his courage only seemed to grow as the danger
approached. He walked so straight towards the dragon, with a step so
firm and so unlike the trembling gait of his usual victims, that it
almost disconcerted him. When they had approached each other within
a hundred paces, Joessl called to his dog Lightning, "At him, good
dog!" At the first sound of his voice Lightning sprang to the attack,
and with such celerity that the dragon had no time to decide how to
meet his antagonist.
"Fetch him down, Springer!" cried Joessl next; and the second dog,
following close on Lightning's track, sprang upon the dragon's neck,
and held him to the ground.
"Finish him, Gulper!" shouted Joessl; and the third dog, panting for
the order, was even with the others in a trice, and fixing his great
fangs in the dragon's flesh, snapped his spine like glass, and bounded
back with delight to his master's feet.
Joessl, only stopping to caress his dogs, drew his knife, and cut out
the dragon's tongue; and then returned to the city with his trophy,
and the Three Black Dogs behind.
If the people had uttered jubilant shouts when he started, how much
more now at his victorious return! The king and his daughter heard
the shout in their palace, and came down to meet the conqueror.
"Behold my daughter!" said the old king: "take her; she is yours,
and my kingdom with her! I owe all to you, and in return I give you
all I have."
"Nay, sire," interposed Joessl; "that you give me permission to
approach the princess is all I ask, and that she will deign to let
me think that I may be one day found not unworthy of her hand. But
as regards your kingdom, that is not for me. I am but a poor lad,
and have never had any thing to command but my Three Black Dogs:
how should I, then, order the affairs of a kingdom?"
The king and all the people, and the princess above all, were pleased
with his modesty and grace; and they sounded his praises, and those of
his Three Black Dogs too, and conducted them with him to the palace,
where Joessl received a suit of embroidered clothes and the title of
duke, and was seated next the princess.
The king, finding that he was resolute in refusing to accept the crown,
determined to adopt him for his son; and had him instructed in every
thing becoming a prince, so that he might be fit to succeed him at
his death. To the Three Black Dogs were assigned three kennels and
three collars of gold, with three pages to wait on them; and whenever
Joessl went on a hunting-party, his Three Black Dogs had precedence
of all the king's dogs.
As time wore on Joessl had other opportunities of distinguishing
himself; and by little and little he came to be acknowledged as the
most accomplished courtier and the most valiant soldier in the kingdom.
The princess had admired his good looks and his self-devotion from
the first, but when she found him so admired and courted by all the
world too, her esteem and her love for him grew every day, till at
last she consented to fulfil the king's wish, and they were married
with great pomp and rejoicing. Never was there a handsomer pair; and
never was there a braver procession of lords and ladies and attendants,
than that which followed them that day, with music and with bells,
and the Three Black Dogs behind.
* * * There are countless spots in Tirol in which tales are
traditional of brave peasants, hunters, and woodmen delivering the
place out of some need or danger, symbolized as "a dragon," similar
in the main to the above, but with varieties of local colouring. I
gave the preference to the above for the sake of the Three Black Dogs.
OTTILIA AND THE DEATH'S HEAD; OR, "PUT YOUR TRUST IN PROVIDENCE."
In the little town of Schwatz, on the Inn, the chief river of Tirol,
there lived once a poor little peasant-girl named Ottilia. Ottilia
had been very fond of her dear mother, and cried bitterly when she
had the great misfortune to lose her. She tried hard to do all she
had seen her mother do: she swept the house and milked the cow,
and baked the bread, and stitched at her father's clothes; but she
could not, with all her diligence, get through it all as her mother
did. The place began to get into disorder, and the pigs and the fowls
fought, and she could not keep them apart, and she could not manage
the spinning; and what was worst of all, she could not carry in the
loads of hay, by which her mother had earned the few pence that eked
out her father's scanty wages.
To keep the house straight, the good man found himself obliged to
take another wife; and one day he brought home the tall Sennal,
and told Ottilia she was to be her mother.
When poor little Ottilia heard the tall, hard, bony woman called
"her mother," she burst out into passionate tears, and declared she
should never be her mother, and she would never pay her obedience!
Now the tall Sennal was not a bad woman, but she was angry when the
child set herself against her; and so there was continual anger between
the two. When she told Ottilia to do any thing, Ottilia refused to
do it, lest she should be thought to be thereby regarding her as
her mother, which seemed to her a kind of sacrilege; and when she
tried to do any of the work of the house, her childish inexperience
made her do it in a way that did not suit the tall Sennal's thrift,
so there was nothing but strife in the house. Yet the good father
contrived, when he came home of an evening, to set things straight,
and make peace; and though Ottilia had little pleasure, like other
children of her years, yet she had a good woollen frock to keep out
the cold, and bread and cheese and milk enough to drive away hunger,
and, what she valued most, a father's knee to sit on of an evening in
the well-warmed room, while he kissed her and told her weird stories
of the days long gone by.
But a day came--a day darkened by a terrible storm--on whose evening
no father came home. The long Sennal went out with the neighbours
with lanterns and horns, but the fierce winds extinguished their
lights and drowned the sound of their horns; and Ottilia knelt by
the side of her father's chair, praying and crying.
She prayed and wept, and only slept a little now and then, all through
the night; and in the morning some carters came in, and brought
her father's dead body, which they had found on their mountain way,
under the snow, where it lay buried.
But Ottilia still knelt by her father's chair, and felt like one
in a dream, while they put him in his coffin and carried him to the
churchyard ground, and the sad bells mourned.
"Go, child, and feed the pig!" exclaimed the harsh voice of the tall
Sennal--and it sounded harsher than ever now, for there was none left
to apply the curb. "Crying's all very well for a bit; but you're not
going on like that all your life, I suppose?"
Ottilia felt her helplessness, and therefore resented the
admonition. Without stopping to consider its reasonableness, she
retorted, fiercely,--
"'Child!' I am no child of yours! I've told you so before, a thousand
times; and it's not because my father's dead that you're going to
come over me. You think you'll make me forget him by forbidding me
to cry for him; but never, never will I forget him! nor shall you
forget how he made you behave properly to me!"
The tall Sennal had more patience with her than might have been
expected, and said no more for that time; but Ottilia was not won by
her forbearance, and only reckoned it as a victory.
It was strife again the next day, and the next, and there was no good
father to make peace. And at last the tall Sennal's patience fairly
gave way, and one day, in her provocation, she drove the child from
the door, and bid her never come under her eyes again!
Her anger cooled, she could have recalled the words, but Ottilia was
already far away up the mountain-path, and out of sight, gone she
knew not whither.
Ottilia had no experience of want, and knew not what it was to be
alone upon the mountains; all her full heart felt at the moment was,
that it would be a boon to get away from the reproaches her conscience
told her were not undeserved, and be alone with her parent's memory.
Thus she wandered on, with no more consciousness of her way than just
to follow it to the spot where her father died, and which had been
marked by pious custom with a wayside cross, on which was painted in
vivid strokes the manner of his end.
Ottilia gazed at the cruel scene till fresh tears started to her eyes,
and she threw herself on the ground beside it, and cried till she knew
no more where she was. Then it seemed to her as if the ground were
again covered with snow, and that from under it she heard her father's
voice; and he talked to her as he used to talk of an evening by the
fireside, when she was on his knee after work and he made her peace
with the tall Sennal. And now he brought home to her all her naughty,
senseless ways, not scolding without reason, but making all allowance
for the filial love which had been at the bottom of the strife. Ottilia
seemed to herself to be listening to him with great attention, but her
heart misgave her. She was ready to own now that she had been very
wrong, very unreasonable, and she felt really sorry for it all--so
sorry that, had her home still been his, she felt that she could have
brought herself to obey Sennal, so that she might not grieve him; but
now--now that he was not there--suppose he should require of her that
she should go back now and live with the tall Sennal, all alone! But
he did not require it of her; or, at all events, in her excitement
she woke with his last words sounding in her ear, which were nothing
more severe than, "Put your trust in God, and all will yet be well."
The sun had already sunk behind the mountains, the chill night air
began to penetrate Ottilia's clothing, and hunger stared her in the
face. She felt very humble now, but she had no mind to go back. She
rose and walked on, for numbness, as of death, was creeping over her,
and she knew the mountain-folk said that to yield to that lethargy
of cold was death.
On she walked, and on, and the darkness gathered thicker and
thicker round her; but she thought of her guardian angel, and she
was not afraid. Still the way was weary, and the air was keen, and
her strength began to fail. Then suddenly, on a neighbouring peak,
she descried the broken outline of a castellated building standing
out against the now moonlit sky.
Gathering fresh force from hope, she picked her way over steep and
stone, guiding her steps by the friendly light which beamed from a
turret window. She had had time to realize her whole desolation. If
heaven vouchsafed her another chance of finding a home, she mentally
resolved, she would behave so as to win its blessing, with all
her might.
When at last she reached the castle-gate her courage once more began
to fail--what would the great people at the castle say to a poor
little half-starved peasant-girl, who came without friend or warrant
to disturb their rest? "Where is your trust in Providence?" said
a voice within, which sounded like a memory of her father's, and
rekindled her courage.
A horn hung beside the broad portal; and when, after many timorous
efforts, Ottilia had succeeded in making a note resound, she stood
anxiously wondering what stern warder or fierce man-at-arms would
answer the summons.
None such appeared, however. But after some moments of anxious waiting,
the window whence the friendly light beamed was opened, with noise
enough to make her look up, and then--what do you think she saw?
Nothing but a Death's Head looking out of the window! Almost before
she had time to be frightened, it asked her, in a very kindly voice,
what was her pleasure.
"A night's lodging and a bit of bread, for the love of Christ!" said
Ottilia, faintly; and then she looked up again at the Death's Head,
and she could not resist a sense of horror and faintness that crept
over her. "Put your trust in God," whispered her father's voice,
and she made an effort to stay her teeth from chattering together.
Meantime, the Death's Head had answered cheerily enough, "Will you
promise to carry me up here again faithfully, if I come down and draw
the bolt for you, and let you in?" and scarcely knowing what she said,
Ottilia gave an assent.
"But think what you are saying, and swear that I can rely on you,"
persisted the Death's Head, "for, you see, it is a serious matter
for me. I can easily roll down the steps, but there are a good many
of them, and I can't get up again by myself."
"Of course you may rely on me," now answered Ottilia, for she saw
it was but her bounden duty to perform this return of kindness--and
conscience seemed to have a reproach for her courageous alacrity,
saying, "The tall Sennal never required of you any thing so hard as
this." "I know she didn't," answered Ottilia, humbly; "and this is
my punishment."
All this time the Death's Head was coming rumbling down the stone
stairs--and a hard, dismal sound it was. Clop, clop, clop, first round
the turret spiral; then r-r-r-r-r-roll along the long echoing corridor;
and then, clop, clop, clop once more all down the broad main staircase;
then another r-r-r-r-r-roll; and finally, klump! bump! it came against
the massive door.
Ottilia felt her heart go clop, clop, clop, clop, too, but she
struggled hard; and the cold, and the faintness of hunger made her
yet feel rejoiced to hear the Death's Head take the bolt between its
grinning teeth and draw it sharply back. The great door flew open,
and Ottilia trod timidly within the welcome shelter. The memory of
her father's fate was fresh upon her, and the Death's Head was less
terrible than the pitiless snow.
Not without some difficult mental struggles Ottilia faithfully
fulfilled her promise. A temptation, indeed, came to let the skull
lie. It could not pursue her--it could not possibly climb up all those
stairs, though it could roll down them; besides, it had declared
its incapacity for the task. She could let it lie and enter into
possession of the castle--it was clear there was no one else there,
or the skull would not have put itself in danger by coming to the
door. But honest little Ottilia repelled the thought with indignation,
and, bending down, she picked up the skull, and carried it carefully
up the stairs folded in her apron.
"Lay me on the table," said the Death's Head, when they got into
the turret-chamber where the light was; "and then go down into the
kitchen and make a pancake. It won't be for want of eggs and flour
and butter if it is not good, for they are there in plenty."
"What! go all the way down to the kitchen alone, in this great
strange place?" said poor little trembling Ottilia to herself. "This
is worse than any thing the tall Sennal ever gave me to do indeed;"
but she felt it was a punishment and a trial of her resolution,
and she started to obey with brave determination.
It was a harder task even than she had imagined, for if the Death's
Head was safe up-stairs in the turret tower, the "cross-bones" were
at large in the kitchen, and would get in her way whatever she turned
to do.
True, her impulse for a moment was to turn and scream, and run away,
but there came her father's voice, bidding her trust in God, "And
besides," she said to herself, "what is there so very dreadful about
the sight of dead bones, after all? and what harm can they do me?" So
she took no notice of what was going on around her, but beat her eggs
and mixed her batter, and put it on to fry, till the appetizing odour
and the warmth of the fire brought back life and renewed her courage.
When Ottilia brought the pancake up into the turret-room, and laid the
dish with it on the table, she observed that the side of the pancake
which was turned towards the skull became black, while that nearest
herself retained its own golden colour; so that her curiosity was
piqued, and she was much inclined to ask about it, but she managed
to keep quiet and eat her share in silence. When she had finished
she took the dish and washed it up, and put all away carefully; and
she was just feeling very tired when the Death's Head said to her,
"If you go up that staircase on the left, you will come to a little
bedroom where you may sleep. About midnight a skeleton will come to
your bedside, and try to pull you out of bed; all you have to do is
not to be afraid of it, and then it can do you no harm."
So Ottilia thanked the skull, and went up to bed. She had not been in
bed more than three hours when she heard a great noise and rattling
in the room, much like the noise the cross-bones had made in the
kitchen while she was cooking the pancake. Then she heard the skull
call up to her, "It is just midnight--remember you have only to be
brave!" And as it spoke she saw a great skeleton come and stand in
the bright moonbeam by her bedside! It stretched one of its long bare
arms out towards her, and pulled off the bed-clothes with one bony
hand and seized her by the hair with the other. But Ottilia listened
for her father's voice bidding her put her trust in Providence; and
she remained quite quiet in her bed, giving no sign of fear. When the
skeleton found that she was so brave, it could do nothing against her,
but, after two or three ineffectual tugs, turned and went away; and she
saw nothing more of it, but slept out the rest of the night in peace.
When she woke the next morning the bright sun was pouring cheerfully
into the room, and by the bedside, where the skeleton had stood the
night before, was a beautiful form of a woman, all clothed in white
and surrounded by golden rays, to whom Ottilia said, "What do you
want me to do, bright lady?"
And the vision answered, "I was the mistress of this castle, who, for
my pride and vanity, was condemned to dwell in my bare bones on the
same spot where I had sinned by my extravagance in dress, and other
wanton habits, until one should come, for the sake of whose thrifty,
humble ways, and steadfast trust in God, I should be set free.
"This you have accomplished, and now I can go to my rest; while,
in gratitude, I endow you with this castle and all its lands and
revenues."
With that the bright form disappeared; and a moment afterwards Ottilia
saw, through the window, a milk-white dove winging its upward flight
towards heaven.
So Ottilia became a rich countess, and mistress of the lordly castle
which she had entered as a suppliant. But no sooner was she installed
than she sent for the long Sennal; and, having besought her pardon
for all the trouble she had given her, begged her to come up to the
castle and be with her. So they lived very happily together for the
rest of their lives.
THE TWO CASKETS.
It was a summer holiday; the sun shone with burning rays on the
newly-mown banks; the roads and paths seemed knee-deep with dust;
the flowers by the wayside hung their heads, as if praying for the
refreshing shower; the very waters of the streamlet were heated as
they passed along, and Franzl, lying indolently on its bank, plunged
his hands beneath its bright surface, but found no cooling. With a
peevish exclamation, he rose and sauntered away, and wished there
were no holidays.
"Nay, don't wish that!" said a gentle fair-haired maiden by his side;
"and just on this one, too, which I have been longing for, to fill
the basket I made for mother with fresh strawberries from the wood."
"Not a bad idea of yours, Walburga; they all call you the 'wise'
Walburga," replied Franzl. "There's shade in the wood, and the
strawberries will be cooler and more refreshing than this nasty
stream."
And with that he strolled away towards the wood.
The cottage of Franzl and Walburga was nestled into the side of a steep
hill, the summit of which was mantled with a forest of lofty pines;
and up the precipitous path, which wound past the very chimneys of
the cottage, Franzl now strolled alone, without troubling himself
to offer his hand to the patient little maiden who toiled painfully
behind him, with many a slip upon the loose stones and sunburnt moss.
This was Franzl's character. He was always thus: his own amusement,
his own enjoyment, and his own ease, were his sole care. Nor had the
example of Walburga's loving thoughtfulness for others any effect
upon him. If he took any notice of her at all, it was only to laugh
and rail at her for it, till her silence shamed his reproaches.
At the pinnacle of the path there was a venerable stone cross, shaded
from the weather by a little pent-house covered with ivy. Walburga
knelt before it as she passed, and prayed for help to be always a
good, obedient child, and a blessing to her dear parents. Franzl
raised his hand to his cap mechanically, because it was the custom,
but no holy thought crossed his mind.
"At last there is some coolness after all this horrid heat! and now
we are close to those nice refreshing strawberries." These were his
only ideas.
To Walburga, as she knelt, there came sweet lessons she had been
taught to associate with the cross--of abnegation of self, obedience
to higher powers, and loving devotion to others.
Franzl looked with all his eager eyes to discern the bright red
berries where the shade lay diapered with the light darting between
the thick clothing of the pine-trees, without so much as casting a
glance at the sacred token.
"Oh, what a splendid haul!" he cried, and plunged through the thick
leafage to where the ripe, rich berries clustered closest, and,
without troubling himself to learn whether Walburga was as well
supplied, began helping himself to his heart's content.
Walburga lined her basket with fresh green leaves, and laid the
strawberries in tasteful order upon them, only now and then taking
the smallest and most worthless for herself.
Though possessed with different objects, both were equally eager in
the pursuit, and they pushed deeper and deeper into the thick pine
forest, Walburga always keeping near Franzl, by reason of her tender,
confiding spirit, which loved to be near those dear to her, though he,
intent on his own gratification, had no cheerful word to enliven her.
At last they came to where the dark pines closed thick overhead--so
thick that no golden rays pierced through; all was shade and
silence. But here the strawberries were no longer ripe and red, for
there was no sun to bring them to maturity, so Franzl peevishly turned
to go, and Walburga followed gently behind. Suddenly their progress
was arrested by a bright light--brighter than the burning summer
sun shining beneath the gloom of the dark pines--and in the centre
of that light stood a beautiful queen, and the light seemed to come
from the diadem on her forehead and the garments that encompassed her!
"What are you doing here?" she said, in soft sweet accents, addressing
herself to Walburga.
And Walburga, dropping her eyelids with maiden modesty, replied, hardly
able to force her voice above a whisper, "Gathering strawberries for
mother dear."
The beautiful Lady smiled a smile of approval; and the bright light
seemed brighter when she smiled, and a sweet and balmy breeze stirred
the air when she spoke again.
"Here, my child," she said, "take this casket;" and she handed her
a casket made just like the strawberry-basket she had woven for her
mother, only it was all of pure gold filigree, and, in place of the
piled-up strawberries, it had a lid of sparkling carbuncles. "Take
this, my child; and when you open it think of me."
"And what are you doing?" she said, with something less of mildness,
to Franzl, who, having his hat full of strawberries, was so busy
devouring them that he had not even noticed the beautiful present
his sister had received.
Nor did he stop now even to reply to her; but between throwing away
one chuck and picking out another fruit, he muttered, rudely,--
"I should think you might see that, without asking!"
The beautiful Lady looked at him sadly, and tears like pearls fell
fast down her fair cheeks, as she gave him a dark iron casket, with
the same words she had used to Walburga.
The light disappeared, and the fair Lady was seen no more.
"Who can that bright Lady be? and what can these caskets be that
she has given us?" said Walburga, timidly. "Let us come home quick,
and show them to mother;" and she ran onwards gaily, calling out,
"Mother, mother dear, see what I have got!"
"Stuff!" replied Franzl; "I'm not going to wait for that: I want to
see what's in them now." But Walburga had passed on out of hearing.
He pulled the lid off his dark iron casket; and immediately there
wriggled out two great black ugly snakes, which grew bigger and longer,
dancing round him; nor could he escape from their meshes. Then,
finally, they closed their coils tightly round him, and carried him
away through the thick, sunless forest, and no one ever saw him again!
Meantime Walburga was making her way home with all the speed she
could down the dangerous mountain track, her strawberry-basket in one
hand and the golden casket in the other. Her mother sat spinning in
the luxuriant shade of the climbing plants over-shadowing the broad
cottage-eaves.
"Mother, dear mother!" cried the child; "see what I have got. Here
is a basket of fresh cool strawberries I have gathered for you in the
wood, and here is a golden casket which a beautiful Lady brought me,
with a great shining light! But stop till Franzl comes home, for he
is coming behind, and she gave him a dark iron casket too, and we
will open them both together; so eat the strawberries, mother dear,
till Franzl comes."
The mother kissed her child fondly, and stroked her fair, soft, curling
hair, but turned her head and wept, for she knew what had befallen.
But Franzl came not; and when Walburga had sought him every where,
she said, "He must be gone round by the woodman's track to meet father,
so let us open the casket, mother dear."
So she put the casket in her mother's lap, and lifted the beautiful
carbuncle lid. And see! there flew thereout two tiny beings,
all radiant with rainbow light, and they grew bigger and bigger,
fluttering round her till they appeared two holy angels, who folded
the child softly in their arms, then spread their wings and flew away
with her, singing enchanting melodies, above the clouds!
THE PRUDENT COUNSELLOR.
Alois Zoschg was a peasant of the Sarnthal; his holding was
inconsiderable, but it sufficed for all his needs; his cottage was
small, but his family consisted of only himself and his daughter,
and they found room for all their requirements.
Katharina was bright enough, however, to make any home happy. Though
she shared the cottage with her father alone, she never seemed to
feel the want of younger companions; thoughtful and prudent beyond her
years, and thrifty and notable with all the work of the place, she was
at the same time always ready with her joke and her song. It was no
wonder that her father doated on her, and looked forward all through
the day's toil to the evening spent in cheerful conversation with her.
There were thus the elements of a pleasant existence in Alois' lot,
but there were two disturbing causes also. One was his own temper,
which was violent and ungovernable at times, when he was seriously
provoked. The other was the jealousy and animosity of a rich peasant
neighbour, Andrae Margesin, the owner of a considerable Hof [69]
situated at no great distance from Zoschg's cottage, auf der Putzen.
Circumstances had constantly brought the two neighbours into collision;
the fault generally lay, in the first instance, on the side of the
rich Andrae Margesin, who was grasping and overbearing, but Alois Zoschg
once roused, would never let a quarrel rest, and his irritability and
revengeful spirit were oftentimes enough to disturb the peace of the
whole neighbourhood. No one could say where such quarrels might have
ended, what crimes might perhaps have been the result, but for the
wise interposition of Katharina, who knew how to soothe her father's
ruffled spirit without ever exceeding the limits of filial respect,
as well as how to conciliate the rich neighbour, without condescending
to the use of any servile arts.
By her extraordinary good sense and good temper alone, she would,
time after time, bring both the men back to sober reason from the
highest reach of fury.
Once, however, they had a dispute which was beyond her competence to
decide for them, for it involved a question of law. Andrae Margesin
accused Alois Zoschg of an encroachment, while Alois Zoschg maintained
he was justified in what he had done, by prescriptive right. The
dispute raged high, but all Katharina could do in this case to restore
peace, was to exact a promise from both parties that they would cease
from all mutual recrimination, and carry the matter to be decided
for them by the judge in Botzen.
When the day of hearing came on, the two disputants went up to Botzen
to plead their cause; but each was so determined not to give way,
and had so much to say in defence of his own position, and to the
disparagement of his antagonist, that they carried their pleadings on
for six days, and yet there seemed no chance of arriving at a decision
which should be thoroughly justified by the evidence, so contradictory
was it. At last, the judge, getting tired of the prolonged controversy,
and finding it impossible to moderate the virulence of the combatants,
told them that he could have no more wrangling, they had so confused
the case with their statements and counter-statements, that it was
impossible to say which of them was right, or, rather, which of them
was least in the wrong; but he gave them one chance of obtaining a
decision of the matter, and that was by accepting a test, which he
would propound, of their ability and judgment, and whichever succeeded
in that, he should pronounce was the one who was in the right in the
original pleading.
The rivals looked somewhat disconcerted at this mode of procedure,
but, as they found they could not get the affair decided on any other
terms, they at last agreed to accept the proposal.
"You must tell me, then," said the judge, "by to-morrow morning at
this hour, what is that which is the Strongest, the Richest, and
the most Beautiful;" with these words he left the judgment-seat,
and the two peasants were left standing opposite each other, looking
very foolish, for they both thought that it would be impossible ever
to answer such a question.
After a few moments' consideration, however, Andrae Margesin, who
was a very vain man, bethought himself of an answer which, to his
mind, seemed indisputably the right one. "To be sure! Of course! I
wonder I didn't see it at once! There can be no doubt about it!" he
exclaimed, aloud; and clapping his hands, and making other triumphant
gesticulations, he stalked off homewards, telling all his friends
that he had no doubt of the result.
But poor Alois Zoschg, the more he thought, the more puzzled he got,
and the boasts of Andrae Margesin only made him more furious. There
he stood, crying out against the judge, and against his ill-luck,
against his poverty and the opulence of Margesin, till it became
necessary to close the court, and his friends prevailed on him to
go home. But all the way his passion grew more and more outrageous,
and by the time he reached his cottage he was raging like a maniac;
the other men could do nothing with him, and slunk away one by one,
some in disgust, some in despair.
It was now Katharina's turn; and Katharina came out to meet him with
her brightest smile and her filial greeting, just as if he had been
in the best humour in the world.
But, for the first time, the sight of Katharina seemed rather to
increase than allay his anger; for he found her dressed in all her
festal attire--a proceeding which was quite out of character with
his present disposition.
There was he, worn out with the long dispute, the weariness of the
delayed decision, the provocation of his enemy's insulting mien,
and still more, perhaps, by his own ill-humour; and there she stood,
all smiles and bright colours, as for a joyful occasion--the white
Stotzhaube [70] coquettishly set on her braided hair, the scarlet
bodice tightly embracing her comely shape, with "follow-my-lads
[71]" streamers from her shoulder-knot, the bright red stockings
showing under her short black skirt, and the blue apron over it,
in place of the white apron of working days! Could any thing be more
incongruous? was it not enough to increase his madness?
Nevertheless, Katharina's judgment so uniformly approved itself to
his better reason, that, the first impulse passed, he gulped down
the rising exclamation of annoyance until he had heard what Katharina
had to say.
"Well, father, so you're all right! and I'm the first to congratulate
you," she cried, and flung her arms round him with an embrace,
of which, even in his present state of excitement, he could hardly
resist the tenderness and effusion, and as if she did not perceive
the traces of his ill-humour.
"'Right,' wench! what mean you? all wrong you should say."
"No, no, I mean it is all right; and it only remains for you to hear
it pronounced by the judge to-morrow--and haven't I put on my gala
suit to celebrate your success?"
"Success! speak! what mean you?" cried Alois, eagerly, his stormy
vexation melting away before the sunbeam of her encouragement.
"Why, what has the judge told you to do, to decide the case?" asked
Katharina, who had heard it all from a neighbour who came home hours
before, while Alois was still standing perplexed in the court.
"That I should tell him by to-morrow morning," replied Alois, softened
already by her consoling manner, "what it is which is the strongest,
the richest, and the most beautiful--and how am I ever to guess all
that? And what's more," he continued, relapsing into his former state
of vexation, "that fellow Andrae Margesin has guessed it--guessed it
already! and is gone off proclaiming his triumph!"
"No, father!" exclaimed Katharina, with a mocking laugh, all of fun,
however, not of scorn; "you don't mean to say you believe that great
bully Andrae Margesin could have guessed the right answer?"
"But he said so! he went off telling every one so," rejoined Alois,
positively.
"Oh, you dear, good, simple father! do you really believe it is so
because he boasts of it? Do rest easy; he's not got it."
"Well, but if he hasn't, I haven't either. How am I to guess such
captious absurdities? Why couldn't the man judge the thing on its
merits, instead of tormenting one to this extent?" and Alois was
getting cross again.
"Why, it is the best chance in the world, you couldn't have been
more favoured! As to Andrae, he'll never guess it. Now just think what
answer you'll give."
"Oh, I should never guess any, if I thought till doomsday! But
you"--and he started with the clever thought--"you, of course, who
always find a way out of every thing--what do you say?"
"Why," answered Katharina, readily, "what is Stronger than the
earth on which we stand, which bears up our houses and buildings,
our rocks and mighty mountains, which all our united efforts could
not suffice to move one inch from its place, and on which we all rest
secure, confident that none is strong enough to displace it? What more
Beauteous than spring, with its fresh, soft tints on sky and mountain,
on alp [72] and mead, on blossom and flower--spring, with its promise
and its hope? And what Richer than autumn, with its gifts which make
us glad for all the year--its bursting ears of grain, its clustered
grapes, its abundant olives and luscious fruits?"
"Katharina, girl, I believe you've found it!" said her father, with
enthusiasm. "My bonny girl has saved me this time also!" and he clasped
her in his arms. Though misgivings would come back when he recalled
Andrae's assurance, he yet went to bed happy in the consciousness of
at least having a good chance of not being beaten.
In the morning he was up betimes, and, having taken great pains to
learn what he had to say from Katharina, who walked a good stretch
of the way through the valley with him, he arrived at the court in
tolerably good humour.
Andrae was there before him, and in high good humour too; taking for
granted that, as the richer and more important man, and, moreover, as
the victor (so he felt assured), he had the right to speak first. As
soon as the judge had taken his seat, and even before he had called
on him for his answer, he began,--
"Sir judge, I have the answer to your enigma; and as soon as I have
told it, you will please give judgment in my favour. It was indeed easy
enough to find, so I claim no merit in the discovery," he added, with
the pride that apes humility. "The most Beautiful thing on earth is
my wife, of course; the Strongest, are my oxen; and the Richest, am I."
The judge listened without moving a muscle of his countenance, as
became a judge, and for those who were too obtuse to perceive the fine
irony of the smile with which he bowed to the speaker at the conclusion
of his harangue--and among these was certainly Andrae himself--it
seemed as if he was quite satisfied with the answer. Nevertheless,
he turned to Alois, and said,--
"Well, my man, and what is your answer?"
"But the judgment, good sir judge! would your honour be pleased to
pronounce the sentence in my favour, seeing I have given your worship
the answer?" interposed Andrae Margesin, fussily.
"Gently and fairly!" replied the judge; "wait only a little: we must
hear what friend Alois has to say. He might have an answer, you know;
and, anyhow, we must give him the opportunity."
Andrae chafed, but could not resist; and, at an encouraging word from
the judge, Alois stood forward and repeated word for word the answer
Katharina had taught him.
Though the judge had preserved his imperturbability through the
expression of Andrae's silly bombast, this answer of Alois was
too much for his composure. He had only proposed the enigma as
the means of getting rid of a perplexing case. He had no idea but
that both peasants would bring an answer of which he could easily
expose the folly; and thus, neither having fulfilled the prescribed
terms, the case would fall through of itself, and he be saved from
further trouble. But he saw nothing to reply to Alois' solution
of his question, nor any means of escaping from giving judgment in
his favour. Every body acquiesced in the justice of the decision;
and even Andrae himself had nothing to say, but, crestfallen, and in
very different style from his confidence of the day before, he made
his exit while people were yet engaged with the discussion of Alois'
success, so as to avoid alike scorn and condolence.
The session over, the judge called Alois aside, and inquired how he
had come to find so accurate an answer; upon which Alois, who burnt
to proclaim the merit of his child, at once referred the honour
to Katharina.
"That is it, is it?" replied the judge. "I have often seen the girl at
church, and am not surprised that so comely a form is inhabited by so
clever a mind. Now, go home, and tell your daughter that if she finds
out the way to come to me without any clothes on, and yet not naked;
not by day, and yet not by night; and by a way which shall be neither
a high-road nor yet a by-path, I shall take the opportunity of her
so coming to ask her to be my wife."
Alois lost no time in returning home to tell the good news to his
daughter. "I suppose you'll find one of your clever ways of doing it,
though, for myself, I confess I don't understand a word of it."
"But do you really mean that that good, noble, handsome judge really
means to make his wife of a poor peasant girl like me?"
"He might do worse," answered her father, with archness and pride. "But
there is no doubt he was in earnest. You should have seen the fire
in his eye when he spoke!"
"In that case, you may depend I will find the way to fulfil his
directions: trust me for that!"
Nor was she long in finding a way which satisfied the judge
completely. She took off all her clothes, and then covered herself
with fishing-nets; this for the first condition. Then, for the second,
she timed her journey in the dusk of evening, which is neither called
day nor night; and, for the third, she had previously had the road
covered with boards, and upon these she walked, so that she neither
trod the high-road nor yet a by-path.
Delighted at acquiring such a prize, and having so clever a maiden for
his future companion through life, the judge married Katharina before
the end of the month. There were great rejoicings at the wedding, to
which all the country-side was invited; and then the poor peasant girl
was installed in the judge's house. The judge, however, had exacted of
her one condition, which was that she should never interfere with any
of her clever suggestions in any case brought before him for decision,
but let justice take its free and uninterrupted course.
Years passed by happily enough. The judge rejoiced more and more
every day over the wisdom of his choice, and Katharina sedulously
observed the condition imposed upon her, and never interfered with
her husband's dealings in the court.
Nevertheless, it happened one day that a peasant whom she had known
from her infancy had a case before the judge which was nearly as
perplexed as that of her father had been, and, despairing of making
his right apparent, the peasant came to Katharina, and begged her,
by their lifelong friendship, to give him one of those good counsels
for which she had been so famous at home in the days gone by.
Katharina urged her promise to her husband, and for a long time refused
to break it; but the wily peasant contrived to work on her vanity so
effectually, that at last, in an evil moment, she consented this once
to give her advice, exacting first a promise he would never tell any
one she had done so.
The case was this. Her friend's Senner [73] had been visited in the
night by a Saligen Fraulein [74], who had promised to milk his cow for
him, and every one knew that when a Saligen Fraulein milked a cow,
it gave three times as much milk as the wont. But being a poor man,
and having only one cow, he eked out his living by taking in cows to
graze on his allotment; and he also only had one milking-pail. The
Saligen Fraulein, therefore, when she had milked his pail full, had
been obliged to take a pail belonging to the man to whom the other
cows belonged, who was a rich man, and had a store of all sorts of
utensils. But the milk being in one of his pails, his Senner swore
that it had been milked from one of his cows, and refused to give
it up, though he had no right to it whatever; and he had declined
payment for the use of the pail.
Though the case had been argued since the first thing that morning,
they were no nearer arriving at a decision. Now the disputants had been
ordered to stand back while another case was called, but it would come
on again immediately; and in the meantime the poor peasant entreated
Katharina's counsel as his only chance of rescuing his milk before
it turned sour.
"I see one means, I think, of bringing him to his senses,"
said Katharina, after she had yielded to her poor friend's
importunity. "When your case is called on again, show as much
indifference about the result as you have hitherto shown anxiety;
then tell your adversary that during this interval, which you spent
in the shade of the woods, a Saligen Fraulein had appeared to you
and advised you not to use any of the milk the one who appeared to
the Senner had milked for you, because she was a mischievous one,
and the milk she milked was bewitched, so that all who drank of it,
or of any milk mixed with it--were it only one drop of it--would be
turned into asses. Then add, 'But of course, if your pailful is really
the milk of your own cow, you have nothing to fear; so there's an
end of the dispute.' Then he will probably be so frightened by the
threat of this calamity that he will probably have nothing more to
do with the pail; and that will suffice to prove that it is not the
milk of his cow, and expose his deceit."
The peasant was so delighted with the wise counsel that he hardly
knew how to thank his benefactress, and readily gave her the promise
she required of not letting any one know he had even seen her.
He had scarcely got back to the court when the case was called on
again. The peasant carried out the advice he had received with great
shrewdness, and found it answer completely. Every body applauded
the craft by which he had confounded his would-be oppressor, and
the judge himself was very much pleased to see the end of such a
troublesome case.
A few minutes' thought, however, suggested to him that there was
more than a peasant's shrewdness in the matter, and he was not slow
to discern the guiding of his wife in it; so he called the peasant
apart, and had little difficulty in wringing from the simple clown
a confession of who had been his prompter.
The discovery made the judge set off homeward in great anger. His wife
had broken her promise--the fundamental condition of their union;
and he would have nothing more to say to her! Out of his house she
must go, whithersoever she would, but far away out of his sight.
Katharina, who had so often calmed her father's anger by her prudent
reasoning, exerted herself to the utmost to bring her husband back to a
better mind; but in vain. And all the concessions he would yield were,
to consent that they should eat their last dinner together, and that
she should take away with her one thing out of the house, whatever
she had most fancy for. It was not much to obtain when required to
part for ever from her home, and her hopes, and all to which she had
grown united and attached--but it was all she could obtain.
Dinner-time came, and the judge, who was devotedly fond of his wife,
seemed lost in sorrow at the calamity about to befall him; still he
would not yield. Though she caressed him and entreated him to forgive
her, he still said he could not depart from his word, and he would
not allow her to speak of it. They sat down to their silent meal;
and as the time of separation drew nearer he grew more sombre and
sad, and at last determined to console himself with the red wine that
sparkled by his side. Katharina encouraged him to drink, and as his
bottle got exhausted deftly replaced it by a full one, so that he
was quite unconscious of the depth of his potations.
Presently the steward came into the room ready to drive Katharina
to whatever destination she should select, and, as he had heard it
stipulated that she was to take with her whatever she liked best,
proffered his services to assist in the removal--for she had won the
respect and affection of all her dependants, and they delighted to
be occupied for her.
Katharina rose to depart, thanked the man for his attention, and,
in answer to his question as to the object she would take with her,
pointed to her husband, who now lay helpless across his settle,
his head drooping over the table.
The steward could scarcely believe his eyes, but Katharina had a way
of giving orders which did not admit of being questioned. The first
surprise over, too, it struck him as a capital device, and he entered
heartily into the spirit of the scheme. With the help of a couple
of serving-men the judge was deposited safely in the lumbering old
carriage, and Katharina having taken her place beside him, they drove
away by her direction over one of the worst and most uneven roads in
the neighbourhood. The shaking of the vehicle presently awakened the
sleeper, who was, of course, quite at a loss to conceive where he
was, but, perceiving that he cut a rather silly figure, was ashamed
to ask his wife, who sat by his side as if there was nothing amiss,
and said nothing.
At last his curiosity got the better of his self-respect, and he
begged her to tell him what all this trundling and shaking meant.
Katharina in a few words recalled to him his cruel decree, at the
same time reminding him of his promise that she might take with her
what she liked best, and, throwing her arms round him, asked him if
there could be any doubt as to what that could be.
The judge perceived that his wife had once more shown her sense
and judgment, and was not sorry to find she had contrived this
opportunity of making up their difference. On renewing her petition
for forgiveness, he frankly gave her his pardon; and they drove back
home to live together in love and union to the end of their days.
THE GEESEHERDS.
There was once a peasant who had three sons, Karl, Stefan, and Josef;
but, as he was very poor, they often had scarcely enough to eat, and
were always complaining. So one day he told them that they should go
out, one at a time, into the world, and see whether they could do
better for themselves than he could do for them; and, having drawn
lots which should go first, it fell upon the youngest.
Josef was not altogether sorry to see a little of what the world was
made of, and started with break of day next morning on his travels. He
went begging about the country, but for a long time could find nothing
to make a living by. At last he came to a splendid mansion on the
borders of a large forest. When he asked his usual question, whether
there was any place vacant for him, the servants took him into the
big house; and, after conducting him through a number of apartments,
each more beautiful than the other, he was ushered into a vast hall,
all panelled round with carved wood, with windows of painted glass,
and filled with handsome furniture. Reclining in an easy-chair, sat an
aged nobleman, the owner of the mansion, who, when he heard Josef's
request, took compassion on him, and told him he would take him into
his service, beginning with giving him a very easy employment, and if
he proved himself faithful in that, he would promote him to something
higher. At first, then, he would only have to keep his geese; but
there was one condition he would bid him observe.
Josef was so delighted with the prospect that he hastily interposed
a promise of obeying it, before it was even uttered.
And that condition was, that if at any time he should hear any music
or singing in the forest, he should never listen to it, however much
he might be inclined, for that if he did, he would inevitably lose
his place.
Josef repeated his promise, and swore that he would never listen to
the music. He was then led down to the place where the other servants
were gathered for supper, and as there was a whole crowd of them,
and plenty of good food and drink, Josef began to think that he had
fallen on to his feet indeed!
After supper, Josef was shown into a tidy little room as big as his
father's whole cottage, where was a nice little white bed, and a suit
of clothes ready to put on when he got up. Though Josef liked good
food and a good bed, he was by no means an idle boy, but rose very
early in the morning for his new employment; and, having received
from the cook his breakfast, and his wallet of provisions for the
midday meal, turned out the geese, and drove them before him to the
meadow skirting the forest.
Josef had never seen so many geese together before, and all the
morning long he was never tired of looking at them, and counting them,
observing their ways, fancying he discerned various peculiarities
in each, by which to know one from another henceforth; and he began
to give them all different names. When one showed an inclination to
stray, what fun it was to drive her back, and see her flap her great,
soft, white, awkward wings, and stretch out her great yellow bill,
as with awkward gait she shambled back to the flock! So the morning
went by; and it was long past the hour of dinner before Josef found
any need of it, but when he did, he was astonished at the abundant
supply which had been provided for him. "Truly, I did well to come
out into the world," he thought, as he lounged upon the greensward,
eating the good food. "What a contrast between having this splendid
mansion to live in, and my father's poor cabin; between the dry
crusts we had to eat there, and the princely food allowed to us here;
between the toil and slavery there, and this easy kind of work, which
might more properly be called a pastime! My father thought to punish
me for grumbling, he would be astonished if he could see what a fine
exchange I have made!" and he laughed aloud, though all alone. But
presently the effects of the full meal, the heat of the afternoon, and
the excitement of his new position brought on sensations of lassitude
and somnolence--and soon you might have seen him stretched upon the
grass at full length, and snoring to his heart's content.
It is uncertain how long he had slept, but erewhile his slumber was
disturbed by the sound of the most enchanting strains of music. Josef
raised himself on his elbow, and listened; he had never imagined any
thing so beautiful! and when he had listened a little while, he grew
so rapt that he could not forbear going a little way into the forest
to hear it better, and then a little farther, and farther, till, by
the time it ceased, he was a long way from his charge. Then, as he
perceived this, for the first time he remembered the condition his
master had laid upon him, and his own positive promise to observe
it! In shame and confusion he hasted back; but in place of his
splendid flock of geese, there were but half a dozen, and those the
worst favoured, to be seen! It was vain he called after them, and
tore his hair, and ran hither and thither--no geese appeared! and as
it began to get dark, he found his best plan was to hurry home with
the few that remained.
When he arrived a servant was waiting to conduct him to the master. He
no longer wore the benevolent smile with which he had first instructed
Josef in the terms of his service. He looked so black and angry that
the boy was frightened to approach him--too frightened to find a word
in his defence.
"I had pity on you," said the master, "because you entreated me to
try you: you have broken your word, and I can trust you no more. I
told you the penalty; now you have chosen to incur it, you must go."
Josef could do nothing at first but cry, as he contemplated this sudden
extinction of his dreams of ease and plenty, but he took courage to
throw himself on his knees, and entreat one more trial. The master
was inexorable--only, as he was rich and generous, he would not let
him go away empty-handed, and he took out of a casket before him a
gold pin, as a memorial of his good intention, and dismissed the boy
with a gesture which admitted of no further parleying.
Josef was allowed to sleep in the mansion that night, but the next
morning, instead of carrying on his agreeable occupation of geeseherd,
he had to leave the place ignominiously, his rags being returned to him
in place of the smart livery of the castle. Uncertain whither next to
bend his steps, he determined to go home in the first instance and show
his gold pin, and then take a fresh start in search of another chance.
As he toiled up a steep Joch [75], feeling so thirsty that his eyes
went searching every where for a cottage where he might beg a sup of
milk, a hay-maker turned off the Hoch Alp [76] on to the road just
in front of him, with a cartload of hay he was hastening to take
home before rain fell. But, for all his urging, the oxen could not
turn the cart, and there it stuck in the edge of the road. Seeing
our stout youth coming along, the man called to him to help him
lift the wheel, promising him a bowl of milk in return. Josef was a
good-natured lad, and, as we have said, by no means indisposed for
exertion, so he set to work with a will, and the team was very soon
put in motion. He travelled on by the side of the cart, and when they
reached the Hof for which it was destined, Josef received a bowl of
milk, which refreshed him for the rest of the journey.
As he got near his father's cottage he went to take out the gold
pin with glee, to have it ready to display. Great was his vexation,
therefore, at discovering he had it no longer--nor could his searching
bring it back any more than the geese! Josef burst into tears,
and joined the family meal at home, which was just prepared as he
arrived, with his head low bowed, as if he sought to hide himself
for very shame.
When his father saw him in such melancholy plight, his compassion
warmed to him, and he asked him kindly what had befallen. Josef told
all his adventures, crying afresh as he came to the narration of how
he had lost on the way the gold pin, to display which he had come
home before starting in search of another chance of employment.
"Such chances don't grow as thick as black-berries," said Stefan, the
second son: "instead of your going in search of another, I'll go to
the same grand house; and I won't lose such a fine situation for the
sake of 'tweedle-dum,' I can tell you! And whatever I get for wages,
you may depend, I won't stick it in my belt where it is sure to be
brushed away, but on the brim of my hat, to be sure!"
Josef, who had had enough of trying to provide for himself, and was
not sorry to be at home again, even with its scanty means, made no
objection, and their father, thinking it well Stefan should have his
experience of life too, approved the plan.
Stefan set out next morning, therefore; and by following Josef's
directions soon discovered the stately palace for which he was
bound. The noble owner received him as kindly as Josef, and sent
him out to the same employment, first binding him to observe the
same condition. Stefan readily promised to keep it, and was formally
installed into his office of geeseherd.
All went well enough at first, as with Josef; but it was at an even
earlier period of the day than with him that his curiosity was roused
by the fairy-like music. Then he, too, followed it through the forest;
and when it ceased at sound of the church bells ringing the Ave,
he found not more than three or four geese left of all his flock!
On his return the master was full of anger at his breach of trust,
and inexorably resolved to turn him away; but not to let him go
empty-handed, he gave him a little lamb to take home.
Stefan was pleased enough with his prize, but was somewhat embarrassed
as to the manner of carrying it safely home. He had declared that
whatever he got he would bring home on his hat, and though he had
never thought of so embarrassing a present falling to him, at the
time he spoke, he resolved to keep his word, and so used his best
endeavours to fix the little creature round the brim.
He carried it thus great part of the way in safety, but having to cross
a somewhat rapid stream, a projecting bough of a tree lifted his hat
from his head--and both hat and lamb fell in, and were carried fast
away by the torrent!
Stefan came back even more crestfallen than Josef; and, having told his
story, Karl, the eldest, with great indignation at the carelessness of
his brothers, declared that he would make the trial next. He would not
stick his prize in his belt or his hat, not he! he would carry it by
a string, and then it couldn't get loose; and as for the music, he had
no fear of being led away by that. Josef, indeed, had had some excuse,
as the strains took him by surprise, but to be so foolish as Stefan,
after the warning example of another, was perfectly contemptible. He
couldn't be so silly as that, not he!
He started on his way betimes, and toiled along not without some
misgivings lest he should find so good a post already occupied by
another. But it was not so: the owner of the mansion gave him the same
reception, the same charge, and the same warning as the other two;
and, full of confidence in his superiority, he went forth to his work.
The weather was cool, and he had no need to seek the shade of the
forest trees; and for more than a week he brought the full tale of
geese home day by day. "What idiots those were to throw away their
place for the sake of a little music!" he thought to himself one day
later. "I told them I should not be so foolish--not I! I told them
I shouldn't be led away by it, and I haven't been."
But it was hotter that day, and in the afternoon, when the sun's
power was greatest--forgetting the warning of his brothers' example,
or rather setting it at defiance, with the assurance that though he
sought the shade he need not listen to the music--he crept within
the border of the cool forest, and lay down.
He had hardly done so when his senses were rapt by the delicious but
deceitful strains. "The woods must be full of fairies!" he cried;
"this can be no earthly music--I must follow it up and see what manner
of instruments they are, for never on earth was heard the like!" But
as he went on, the music always seemed farther off, and farther again,
till at last the church bells rang the Ave, and the music ceased.
Then Karl woke to a sense of his weakness and folly; and though he ran
every step of the way back to his geese, only two were there! Though
he had now found the same fate befall himself as his brothers, in all
particulars, yet he could not forbear searching for the lost geese;
but of course it was in vain, and he had to return to the castle
with but two. Nothing could look more miserable, or more ludicrous,
than this diminished procession--Karl at the head of his two geese,
who had gone out in the morning with such a goodly flock.
He would have gladly slunk away without exchanging a word with any
one, but he could not escape being taken before the master, who
scolded him in the same words in which he had chided his brothers,
but gave him a fine rich cake to take home.
The cake was round, and it was very inconvenient to attempt to secure
it by means of a string, but Karl had declared he would bring home
his reward that way, and so it was a point of honour with him to
do it. But passing by a Hof, on his way home, where was a large
and powerful watch-dog on guard, he set off running to escape its
grip. This was the very way to attract the beast's notice, however;
and off it set in pursuit, much faster than Karl's legs could carry
him away--and then, having jumped upon him and knocked him down,
seized his cake, and devoured it before his eyes!
Karl had now to go home as empty-handed as his brothers, and as full
of tears; but his father comforted him, and checked the rising gibe
of his youngers by reminding them that all had failed equally; so
they all joined in a good-humoured laugh in which there was nothing
of bitterness.
The father then asked them if any of them wished to go out into
the world and seek fortune again; but they all agreed that there was
nothing to be gained by the move, and that though there were positions
which at first sight seemed more brilliant and more delectable than
their own, yet that each had its compensatory trials, and that they
were best where God had placed them.
Henceforth, however, they were ashamed of renewing their grumblings,
but, each making the best of his lot, they became noted as the most
contented and, therefore, happiest family of the whole valley.
ST. PETER'S THREE LOAVES [77].
In the days when our Lord and Saviour walked this earth with His
apostles, it happened one day that He was passing, with St. Peter
for His companion, through a secluded valley, and that discoursing,
as was His wont, of the things of the Kingdom of God, and raising the
mind of His disciple from the earthly to the heavenly, they noticed
not how the hours went by. Nevertheless, they had been walking since
daybreak over rough mountain tracks and across swollen torrents many
a weary mile, and had eaten nothing all day, for their way had led
them far from the haunts of men; but as noon came down upon them they
approached the precincts of a scattered hamlet. The bells of all the
large farm-houses were ringing to call in the labourers from the field
to their midday meal, and announced a community of sensations in the
world around akin to those with which St. Peter had for a long time
past been tormented. The heat increased, and the way grew more weary,
and St. Peter found it more and more difficult to keep his attention
alive to his Master's teaching.
The merciful Saviour was not slow to perceive what ailed His disciple,
and kept on the look-out for any opportunity of satisfying him as
anxiously as if the need had been His own; and thus, while St. Peter
was still wondering how long he would have to go on fasting, He
remarked to him the smell of fresh-baked loaves proceeding from a
cottage at the bottom of the valley.
St. Peter could as yet perceive neither the scent nor the
cottage. Nevertheless, used as he was to trust his Lord's word
implicitly, he started at His bidding, following the direction pointed
out just as if both had been patent to himself.
The way was so steep and rough that St. Peter, in his eagerness, had
many falls, but at last, without much damage, reached nearly the foot
of the mountain range along the side of which they had been journeying;
and then suddenly the smell of a wood fire, mingled with the welcome
odour of fresh-baked bread, greeted him. The roof of the cottage
was just beneath his feet, and the smoke was curling up through the
chimney, telling of a well-provided stove, burning to good purpose,
close at hand. One or two more winds of the road, and only one more
slip over the loose stones, brought him to the door.
A comely peasant wife opened it at his knock with a cheerful greeting:
"Gelobt sei Jesus Christus [78]!"
The apostle, having given the customary response, "In Ewigkeit! Amen,"
the peasant wife asked him to come in and rest--an offer which
St. Peter gladly accepted.
The peasant woman wiped a chair, and presented it to him, and, with
some pleasant words about his journey, returned to her occupation at
the fire. The moment had just arrived when she should take her loaves
from the oven, and nothing could smell more tempting to a man whose
appetite was seasoned by a long walk in the fresh mountain air.
"Good woman, I come from far, and the whole of this blessed morning,"
he exclaimed, speaking as one of the people, "I have tasted
nothing! ... nor my companion," he added, with some embarrassment
lest he should seem encroaching, yet full of anxiety to provide for
his Master's needs as well as his own.
"Tasted nothing all this morning!" exclaimed the compassionate peasant
wife, scarcely leaving him time to speak; "poor soul! Why didn't you
say so at first? Here, take one of these loaves; they are the best
I have, and, if humble fare, are at all events quite fresh. And your
companion too, did you say? Take one for him also;" and then, as if
she found so much pleasure in the exercise of hospitality that she
could not refrain from indulging it further, she added, "and take this
one too, if you will; maybe you may want it before the journey is out."
St. Peter thanked her heartily for her generosity, and hasted to take
the loaves to the Master, that He might bless and break them. But
as they were hot, being just out of the oven, he had to wrap them in
the folds of his coarse grey mantle, to be able to hold them without
burning his hands.
As he toiled up the steep, the thought came to him, "It will most
likely be long before we have a chance of meeting with provisions
again, and I always seem to want food sooner than the Master; I might
very well keep this third loaf under my cloak, and then in the night,
while He is lost in heavenly contemplation, and I am perishing with
hunger, I shall have something to satisfy it. I do Him no wrong, for
He never feels these privations as I do--at all events," he added,
with some misgivings, "He never seems to."
With that he reached the place where he had left the Saviour. He was
still kneeling beneath the shade of a knoll of pines. As St. Peter
approached, however, though He was not turned so as to see him coming,
He rose, as if He knew of his presence, and, coming to meet him,
asked him cheerfully what success he had in his catering.
"Excellent success, Lord," replied St. Peter. "I arrived just at the
right moment. The woman was taking the loaves out of the oven, and,
being a good-hearted soul, she gave me one; and when I told her I
had a companion with me, she gave me another, without requiring any
proof of the assertion; so come, and let us break our fast, for it
is time." But he said no word about the third loaf, which he kept
tight in a fold of his mantle under his arm.
They sat down on a rock by the side of a sparkling rivulet, hasting
along its way to swell the far-off river, and its cool crystal waters
supplied the nectar of their meal.
St. Peter, who had now long studied in the school of mortification
of his Master, was quite satisfied with this frugal repast, and,
no longer tortured by the cravings of nature, listened with all
his wonted delight and enthusiasm to every word which fell from the
Lord's lips, treasuring them up that not one might be lost. It was
true that he could not suppress some little embarrassment when the
thought of the third loaf occurred to him; "But," he said, to himself,
"there could be no possible harm in it; the woman had clearly given it
to him; his Lord didn't want it, and he was only keeping it for his
needs. True, if He were to suspect it, He would not quite like that;
but then, why should He? He never suspects any one."
Never had the Saviour been more familiar, more confiding. St. Peter
felt the full charm of His presence and forgot all his misgivings,
and the cause of them, too, in the joy of listening to Him. Then came
a friendly bird, and hopped round Him, feeding on the crumbs that had
fallen. The Saviour, as He watched its eagerness, fed it with pieces
from His own loaf. Another bird was attracted at the sight--another,
and another, and another, till there was a whole flock gathered
round. The Saviour fed them all, and yet He seemed to take His own
meal too.
"It is just as I thought," St. Peter reasoned with himself; "His
needs are not as our needs. Decidedly I do Him no wrong in keeping
the loaf for my own." And he felt quite at ease.
The simple repast was at an end; the birds chirped their thanks and
flew away; and the disciple and the Master rose from their rocky seat.
St. Peter, leaning on his staff, set out to resume the journey,
but the Lord called him back.
"Our Father in heaven has fed us well, shall we not thank Him as is
our wont?"
St. Peter laid aside his staff, and cheerfully knelt down.
"But as He has dealt with particular loving-kindness in the abundance
with which He has provided us this day, let us address Him with
arms outstretched, in token of the earnestness of our gratitude,"
continued the Saviour; and as He spoke He flung His arms wide abroad,
as if embracing the whole universe and its Creator, with an expression
of ineffable love.
He knelt opposite St. Peter, who was not wont to be slow in following
such an exhortation.
"He only suggested it; He didn't command." reasoned St. Peter to
himself. "I need not do it."
But a furtive glance he could not repress, met the Master's eye fixed
upon him with its whole wonted affection--there was no resisting the
appeal. With the spontaneity of habitual compliance, he raised his
arms after the pattern of his Lord; but the loaf, set free by the
motion, fell heavily to the ground beneath the Master's eye.
The Master continued praying, as though He had perceived nothing,
but St. Peter's cheeks were suffused with a glow of shame; and before
they proceeded farther he had told Him all.
THE TWO COUSINS OF ST. PETER [79].
St. Peter had two young cousins whom he sought to bring up in the
way of righteousness according to Christian doctrine. As they were
very docile, and listened gladly to his word, he strove to lead them
in the way of all perfection; and to this end counselled them to give
themselves up entirely to serve God in a community of His handmaidens,
where they should live for the Divine spouse of their souls, and for
Him alone.
The work of the Church called St. Peter away from the East, and he
was already gone to establish the faith in Rome before the maidens
had decided as to their vocation. It was not till many years after
that St. Peter heard, to his surprise, on occasion of St. Timothy
coming to visit St. Paul in Rome, that while the youngest indeed had
fulfilled his expectations, and had given herself up to the religious
life, the elder had married and established herself in the world,
and become the mother of a large family.
During his long confinement in the dark dungeon of the Mamertine
prison, St. Peter's thoughts would often revert from the immense
cares of his sublime office to the quiet hours he had passed in the
lowly dwelling by the Lake of Tiberias, where his pious cousins had
so often sat at his feet listening to his instructions. And he found
a peaceful pleasure in recalling the way in which they had responded
to them; the spontaneity with which they had apprehended the maxims
of the new religion; their fervour in applying them to their own rule
of life; their readiness to go beyond what was bidden them, that so
they might testify their love for their Divine Master; their delight
in all that reminded them of God and His law.
"And to think that one of them should have gone back from
all this! should have been content to give up these exalted
aspirations! How sadly her ardour must have cooled! What could have
worked this change?" the apostle would muse, in his distress, and pray
silently for her forgiveness and guidance; but his thoughts would
revert with greater affection and satisfaction to the more favoured
state of the soul of the younger sister.
It was not long before the terrible decree of Nero consigning St. Peter
to the death of the cross was pronounced, and from the height of the
Janiculum he was received into the celestial mansion to keep the gate
of the Kingdom of Heaven.
He had not exercised this office many years when our Lord called him
to Him one day, and bid him open the gate of heaven to its widest
stretch and deck its approaches as for a high festival, for that one
of the holiest of earth and the dearest to Himself was to be received
into the abode of the Blessed.
"That must be my youngest cousin," said St. Peter, "there is no doubt;
she who generously gave up a world in which she was so well adapted
to shine, to live a life of perfection with God above only for its
object;" and he strained his eyes to see far along the approach to
Paradise, that he might catch the first glimpse of her glorified soul
and greet it with the earliest welcome.
How great was his surprise then, when roused by the melodious
strains of the angelic host escorting her, to hear in the refrain
of their chant the name of the Sorellona [80], not of the younger
of the sisters! Meantime the celestial cortege was wafted by, and
the beautiful spirit was welcomed by the Divine Master Himself,
and placed on one of the highest seats in His kingdom.
Not many days after our Lord called St. Peter to Him again, and
told him to open the gate a little, very little way, and to make no
preparations for rejoicing, for He had promised admission to a soul
who, though of his family, yet had only escaped being excluded by a
hair's breadth.
St. Peter went away perplexed, for he knew there was no one of his
family who could be coming to heaven just at that time except the
younger of the two cousins, and how could the Lord's words apply
to her?
He durst do no more than open the gate a very little way, but stationed
himself opposite that small cleft to obtain the earliest information
as to who the new comer really was.
Presently a solitary angel came soaring--the only escort of a
trembling soul--and, as he approached, without chorus or melody,
he begged admission for one whom, by the name, St. Peter discerned
was actually the Sorellotta [81] he had deemed so meritorious! With
great difficulty, and by the help of the angel who conducted her,
and of St. Peter himself, she succeeded in passing the sacred portal;
and after she had been led to the footstool of the Heavenly Throne in
silence, He who sat on it pointed to a very little, low, distant seat,
as the one assigned to her.
When St. Peter afterwards came to discourse with the Lord about His
dealings with the two souls, he learnt that she who performed her duty
with great exactness and perfection in the world was more pleasing
in His sight than she who, while straining after the fulfilment of
a higher rule, yet fell short of correspondence with so great a grace.
LUXEHALE'S WIVES.
The Devil goes wandering over the earth in many disguises, and that
not only to hunt souls; sometimes it is to choose for himself a wife,
but when he goes on these expeditions he calls himself "Luxehale."
There was once a very beautiful princess, very proud of her beauty, who
had vowed she would never marry any but the handsomest prince. Numbers
of princes, who heard the fame of her beauty, came to ask her hand,
but directly she saw them she declared they were not handsome enough
for her, and drove them out of the city. Her parents were in despair,
for there was scarcely any young prince left in the world whom she
had not thus rejected.
One day the trumpeters sounded the call by which they were wont to
announce the arrival of a visitor.
The princess sat with her mother in an arbour.
"Ah!" said the queen, "there is another come to ask your hand. How
I wish he may be the really handsome one you desire, this time!"
"It is all useless, mother; I don't mean to see any more of them--they
are all uglier, one than the other."
The queen was about to answer by instancing several noted paragons of
manly beauty whom she had rejected like the rest, but the chamberlain
came in with great importance just at that moment, to say that the
prince who had just arrived appeared to be a very great prince indeed,
and that he was in a great hurry, and demanded to see the princess
instantly.
The princess was very indignant at this abrupt proposal, and refused
absolutely to see him; but at last the queen got her to consent to
place herself in a hollow pillar in the great reception-hall, and
through a little peephole, contrived in the decorations, take a view
of him without his knowing that she did so.
When the princess thus saw the stranger, she was dazzled with
the perfection of his form and the surpassing beauty of his
countenance, and she could hardly restrain herself from darting
from her hiding-place and offering him her hand at once; in order
to preserve herself from committing such a mistake, she immediately
let herself down through a little trap-door into the room below,
where it had been agreed that her mother should meet her.
"Well, what did you think of him?" said the queen, who did not keep
her long waiting.
"Oh! I think he might do," said the princess, with an assumed air
of indifference, for she was too proud to acknowledge how much she
admired him.
The queen was overjoyed that at length she consented to marry, and so
put an end to the anxiety she was in to see her established before she
died. That she might not take it into her head to go back from what she
had said, her parents hastened on the wedding preparations, and the
prince seemed very anxious, too, that no delay should occur. As soon
as the festivities were over, he handed his bride into a magnificent
gold coach, and drove off with her, followed by a retinue which showed
he was a very great prince indeed.
Away they rode many days' journey, till at last they reached a palace
of greater magnificence than any thing the princess had ever conceived,
filled with crowds of servants, who fulfilled her least wish almost
before it was uttered, and where every pleasure and every gratification
was provided for her in abundance.
The prince took great pleasure in conducting her frequently over every
part of the palace, and it was so vast that, after she had been over
it many times, there was still much which seemed strange to her;
but what was strangest of all was, there was one high door, all of
adamant, which the prince never opened, and the only cross word he
had spoken to her was once when she had asked him whither it led.
After some time it happened that the prince had to go on a considerable
journey, and before he left he confided to his wife the keys of all
the apartments in the palace, but she observed the key of the adamant
door was not among them, and ventured to ask why it was not.
"Because no one passes through that door but myself; and I advise
you not to think any thing more about that door, or you may be sure
you will repent it," and he spoke very sternly and positively.
This only whetted her curiosity still more; and she was no sooner
sure he was at a safe distance, than she determined to go down and see
if some of the keys would not open this door. The first she tried in
it showed there was no need of any, for it was unlocked, and pushed
open at her touch. It gave entrance to a long underground passage,
which received a strange lurid light from the opening at the far end.
The princess pursued the ominous corridor with beating heart; and,
when she reached the other end, made the frightful discovery that it
was--the entrance to hell!
Without losing a moment, she rushed up-stairs, regained her own
apartment, and sat down to contrive her escape, for she now perceived
that it was the Devil, disguised as a beautiful prince, that she
had married!
As she sat, pursued by a thousand agonizing thoughts, the gentle
cooing of two pigeons in a cage soothed her, and reminded her of home.
Her father's fondness had suggested that she should take the birds
with her that she might have the means of communicating to him how
it fared with her in her married home. Quickly she now wrote a note
to tell him of the discovery she had made, and begging him to deliver
her. She tied the note to one of the pigeons, and let them fly.
The Devil came back in the same disguise, and was profuse in his
caresses; and he never thought of her having opened the door. But all
the princess's affection and admiration for him were gone, and it was
with the greatest difficulty she contrived to keep up an appearance
of the fondness she had formerly so warmly and so sincerely lavished.
Meantime the pigeons went on their way, and brought the note home. The
king and queen were having dinner on the terrace, and with them
sat a young stranger, named Berthold, conversing with them, but too
sad to taste the food before him. He was one of those the princess
had rejected without seeing, but as he had seen her, he was deeply
distressed at the present separation. The pigeons flew tamely in
narrowing circles round the king's head, and, at last, the one which
carried the note came fluttering on to the table before him. He would
have driven them away, the rather, that they were all distressed and
bleeding, and with scarcely a feather left, but the young stranger's
eye discovered the note, which was quickly opened and read.
"Oh, help me! What can I do?" exclaimed the king; "give me some
counsel. How can I ever reach the Devil's palace--and how could I
fight him, if even I did get there?"
"May I be permitted to undertake the deliverance?" asked the stranger.
"Oh, in heaven's name, yes!" cried the king.
"And shall I have your permission to pay my addresses to her when I
bring her back?"
"Why, she will be yours--yours of right, if you succeed in rescuing
her; altogether yours!"
"That must depend on herself. Nevertheless, if I have your consent
to ask her in marriage, that is all I desire."
"Go, and succeed!" devoutly exclaimed the king. "And whatever you
stand in need of, be it men or money, or arms, you have but to command,
and every thing shall be given you that you require."
But the prince, who knew not what sort of enemy he had to encounter,
or which way he had to go, knew not what assistance to ask for,
but set out, trusting in God and his own good sense to guide him.
As he passed out of the castle enclosure his eyes were rejoiced to see
lying on the ground some of the white feathers of the carrier-pigeons,
and then he perceived that, not having been duly matched, they had
fought all the way, and that the whole track was marked with their
feathers. But as they, of course, had come by the directest course,
it led him over steep precipices and wild, unfrequented places;
still Berthold pursued his way through all difficulties without losing
courage, and ever as he went pondering in his own mind with what arts
he should meet the Devil.
He was passing through a desolate stony place, which seemed far from
any habitations of men, when he saw a man crouching by the wayside,
with his ear close against the rock.
"What are you doing there?" said Berthold.
"I am listening to what is going on in the Devil's house," answered the
man, "for my sense of hearing is so fine, it carries as far as that."
"Then come with me," said Berthold; "I will find work for you which
shall be well repaid."
So the man left off listening, and walked on behind him.
A little farther on, he observed a man sitting on a ledge of the
precipice, with his back to the road, and with all the world before
him; and he gazed out into the far distance.
"What are you staring at?" said Berthold.
"I am gazing into the Devil's house," said the man, "for my sight is
so sharp, it carries as far as that."
"Then come along with me; I will give your eyes work that shall be
well paid." said Berthold.
So the man left off gazing, and turned and walked behind him.
"But stop!" said the prince; "let me have some little proof that you
are as clever as you say. If you can see and hear into the Devil's
house, let me know what the Devil's wife is doing."
Then the first man crouched down with his ear against the rock;
and the second man sat himself astride on a jutting projection of
the precipice, and gazed abroad over the open space--Berthold taking
care that they should be far enough apart not to communicate with
each other.
"What do you see?" he said, when the second man had poised himself
to his own satisfaction.
"I see a vast apartment, all of shining crystal, and the Devil lying
fast asleep on a ledge of the flaming spar, while the Devil's wife
sits with averted face, and weeps."
"And what do you hear?" he said, returning to the first man.
"I hear the Devil snore like the roaring of a wild beast, and I hear
great sighs of a soft woman's voice; and every now and then she says,
'Why was I so foolish and haughty, as to send away all those noble
princes whom I might have learnt to love? and above all, Berthold, whom
I would not see, and who my mother said was better than them all; and I
would not see him! If I could but see him now, how I would love him!'"
When Berthold heard that, he could not rest a minute longer, but told
them he was satisfied; and hurried on so fast that they could scarce
keep up with him.
On they went thus; and presently they saw a man amusing himself with
lifting great boulders of rock, which he did so deftly that no one
could hear him move them.
"You have a rare talent," said Berthold; "come along with me, and I
will pay your service well."
So the man put down a great mass of rock he had in his arms, and
walked on behind the prince.
Presently there were no more pigeons' feathers to be seen, and Berthold
wrung his hands in despair at losing the track.
"See!" said the man with the sharp sight, "there they lie, all down
this steep, and along yonder valley, and over that high mountain! it
will take three months to traverse that valley."
"But it is impossible to follow along there at all!" cried all the
men. But Berthold said they must find their way somehow.
While they were looking about to find a path to descend by, they
saw a great eagle soaring round and round, flapping her wings, and
uttering plaintive cries.
"I'll tell you what's the matter," said the man with the sharp hearing:
"one of her eggs has fallen down this ledge, and it is too narrow
for her to get it out; I can hear the heart of the eaglet beating
through the shell."
"Eagle," said the prince, "if I take out your egg, and give it to you,
will you do something for me?"
"Oh, yes, any thing!" said the eagle.
"Well, that is a hot, sunny ledge," said the prince; "your egg won't
hurt there till we come back--I have seen in my travels some birds
which hatch their eggs entirely in the hot sand. Now you take us
all on your back, and fly with us along the track wherever you see
the pigeons' feathers, and wait a few minutes while we complete our
business there, and then bring us back; and then I'll take your egg
out of the fissure for you."
"That's not much to do!" said the eagle; "jump up, all of you."
So they all got on the eagle's back, the prince taking care so to
arrange his men that the great neck and outstretched wings of the eagle
should hide them from the Devil's sight, should he have happened to
be outside his house.
It took the eagle only two or three hours to reach the journey's end,
and by this time it was night.
"And now it is dark," said Berthold, to the sharp-visioned man, as
they alighted from the eagle's back, "you cannot help us any more
with your sight."
"Oh, yes; the crystals of the Devil's apartment always glitter with
the same red glare by night or day. I see the Devil rolled up in bed
fast asleep, and his wife sits on a chair by his side, and weeps."
"And what do you hear?" he said, addressing the first attendant.
"I hear snoring and weeping, as before," said the man addressed.
"Now you, who are so clever at lifting weights without being heard,"
said the prince, "lift the great door off its hinges."
"That's done," replied the man, a minute later, for he had done it
so quietly Berthold was not aware he had moved from the spot.
"Since you have done this so well, I'm sure you'll do the next
job. You have now to go up into the Devil's room, and bring the lady
down without the least noise; if you show her this token, she will
recognize it for her father's device, and will come with you."
The sharp-visioned man told him how he would have to go, for he could
see all the inside of the house, lighted up as it was with the glaring
crystals. But just as he was about to start,--
"Stop!" cried the man with the sharp ears; "I hear the Devil turn
in his bed; our talking must have disturbed him." So they all stood
stock still in great fear.
"He seems to be getting up," whispered the man with the sharp
sight. "No; now he has turned round and rolled himself up once more."
"And now he is snoring again," continued the other.
"Then we may proceed," replied the prince; and the third attendant
went his way so softly that no one heard him go.
"Get up on the eagle's back," said Berthold to the other two, "that
we may be ready to start immediately." So the men took their places.
They had hardly done so when the man came back bearing the princess,
and at a sign from Berthold sprang with her on to the eagle's neck. The
prince got up behind, and away flew the eagle--so swiftly that had
he been less collected he might have lost his balance before he had
secured his seat.
By daybreak they had reached the spot where the eagle's egg had
fallen. Berthold willingly exerted himself to restore her treasure
to her, and she was so grateful that she proposed to fly with them
home the remainder of the journey--an offer which they gladly accepted.
The Devil was still sleeping and snoring, they were assured by the
clever attendants; and away they sped, reaching home just as the king
and queen were sitting down to breakfast.
Great was the rejoicing in all the palace. The princess gladly
acknowledged Berthold's service by giving him her hand; and to all
three attendants high offices were given at court. To the eagle
was offered a gold cage and two attendants to wait on her, but she
preferred liberty on her own high mountain, and flew away, accepting
no reward but a lamb to carry home to her young ones.
When Luxehale woke next morning great was his fury to find that the
princess was gone.
"Order out a troop of horse, and send and demolish her palace, and
kill all belonging to her, and bring her home again," was the advice
of his chamberlain.
"No," replied Luxehale; "I hate violence: I have other ways at command
which I find answer better. There are people enough in the world
glad enough to follow me willingly. It is not worth while to give
myself much trouble with those who resist." And he dressed himself,
and walked out.
This time his steps were not directed towards a grand palace. He didn't
care particularly about birth or cultivation. There was a cottage
situated just above one of the alleys of his pleasure-grounds where
lived three beautiful peasant girls with an old father. Luxehale had
often listened to their merry laugh and thought how he should like
to have one of them for his wife; but he never could find any means
of getting at them, as they were very quiet and modest, and never
would enter into conversation with any stranger.
As he now walked along he heard their voices in earnest talk.
"It's great nonsense of father selling all the celery, and not letting
us have a taste of it!" said one, in a discontented voice.
"Yes, it is; I don't mean to submit to it either," said another.
"Oh, but you wouldn't disobey father!" said the first.
"Well, it's not such a great matter," replied the other; "only a foot
of celery [82]!"
Luxehale was very glad when he heard that, for he had never been able
to catch them in an act of disobedience before. He placed himself
under the celery-bed and watched all the roots. The moment one began
to shake, showing that they were pulling it up, Luxehale took hold of
the root, and held it hard, so that, instead of their pulling it up,
he contrived to drag down the girl who was trying to gather it.
It was the peasant's eldest daughter Lucia; and much surprised was she,
after passing through the hole Luxehale had made in the earth, to find
herself in the arms of a handsome cavalier, who lavished the greatest
care on her! Lucia had never been spoken to by such a good-looking
gallant before, and felt much pleased with his attention. She begged
him, however, to let her go; but he told her that was impossible. She
was his captive, and he never meant to let her go again; but if she
would only be quiet and reasonable she would be happier than any queen;
that he would take her to a magnificent palace where she would have
every thing she desired, and be as happy as the day was long, for
he would make her his wife. In fact, he succeeded in dazzling her so
with his promises that she began to feel a pleasure in going with him.
Nor did he break these promises. She was installed into all the
enjoyments of which we have seen the former wife in possession;
and as the Devil admired her beauty, and flattered and fondled her,
she did not altogether regret her captivity. But when the time came
that he had to go upon earth about his business, he brought her all
the keys of the place, with the express recommendation that she was
never to attempt to open the adamant door; then he plucked a red rose,
and placed it in her bosom, as a memorial of him, which he promised
should not fade till his return, and departed.
Lucia amused herself very well at first with various occupations and
amusements the palace afforded, and which were new to her; but as the
days fled by she began to grow weary, and at last, from being tired
and out of spirits with her loneliness, she became possessed with
so intense a curiosity to see what lay hid behind the adamant door,
that she could not resist it.
Accordingly she went down at last, with the bunch of keys in her
hand, and with trembling steps made her way up to it. But, without
even trying one of the keys, she found her touch pushed it open,
and made the terrible discovery, that it was the gate of hell! She
turned to escape, and rushed back to her apartment, to weep bitterly
over her forlorn condition.
Two or three days later a train of waggons came laden with beautiful
presents Luxehale had bought and sent home to amuse her, and she
became so interested in turning them all over, that when he returned
she was as bright and smiling as if nothing had happened.
Luxehale ran to embrace her, but suddenly observed that the rose
had withered on her bosom! When he saw that, he pushed her from
him. He had given it to her as a test to ascertain whether she had
gone through the adamant door, for the heat of the fire was sure to
tarnish it--and now he knew she was in possession of his secret.
"You have opened the adamant door!" he exclaimed, fiercely; and she,
seeing him so fierce, thought it better to deny it.
"It is useless to deny it," he replied; "for nothing else would have
tarnished that rose." And saying that, he dragged her down to it and
thrust her within its enclosure, saying, "You wanted to know what
there was behind the adamant door; now you will know all about it."
Luxehale now had to look out for another wife. He at once bethought
him of Lucia's sisters, and went pacing up and down under their garden,
as before. The two sisters were talking with some warmth.
"I don't see why father should have forbidden us to look through the
trellis!" said the voice which had spoken first on the former occasion.
"Nor I," said the other. "And I don't mean to be kept in in that
style either," said the other.
Quick as thought the Devil transformed himself into a serpent and
worked his way up through the earth to the other side of the trellis,
where he waited till the maiden put her head through, as she had
threatened. She had no sooner done so than he caught her in his coils
and carried her down under the earth. Before she had time to recover
from her surprise, he had transformed himself back into the handsome
cavalier who had charmed Lucia.
It was the second sister, Orsola; and her opposition to his advances
was as easily overcome as Lucia's. She lived in the palace as Lucia
had done, and learnt to feel great delight in its pleasures. At last
the day came when the Devil had to go upon earth about his business,
and he left her with the same charge about the adamant door, and
placed a red rose on her breast, which he promised should not fade
till his return. After a time her weariness induced Orsola to peep
through the fatal door; and the hot blast which escaped as she opened
it would have been sufficient to drive her away, but that it came
charged with the sound of a familiar voice!
"Lucia!" she screamed, in a voice thrilled with horror.
"Orsola!" returned her unhappy sister, in a tone of agony.
Orsola knew enough. She did not dare venture farther; and as she made
her way back to her apartment she saw in the court below the retinue
which had escorted her husband back. Assuming as composed a mien as
possible, she went out to meet him, and he ran towards her with every
appearance of affection--but his eye caught the withered rose.
"You have opened the adamant door," he said, sternly. "There is no
help for you; those who once pass it cannot live up above here any
more. You must go back, and live there for ever!" And, regardless of
her entreaties and cries, he dragged her down, and thrust her into
the burning pit.
Luxehale now had to search for another wife, and he determined it
should be no other than the third of the sisters. "But," he reflected,
as he walked towards her cottage, "now she has no one left to talk to,
how shall I manage? Ah, well, I generally find a way to do most things
I take in hand--and if I don't catch her I needn't break my heart;
there are plenty of girls in the world whom I have arts to enthrall."
But he did hear her voice. As he got near she was singing, very
sadly and sweetly, a verse which told her regrets for her sisters,
and called on them to return.
"That's all right!" said Luxehale, "she is sure to come to the spot
where she last saw her sister. I'll be there!"
So, transforming himself once more into a serpent, he wriggled
through the earth and took up his place of observation beside the
trellis. He had not been there long, when she actually came up to it,
singing the same melancholy strains; and then she stopped to call,
"Lucia! Orsola! Lucia! Orsola!" till the woods rang again. Then she
seemed to get weary with calling, and she leant against the trellis.
"Ha! she'll soon put her head through now," chuckled Luxehale. And so
she did, sure enough; and no sooner did her head appear on the other
side than he twisted his coils round her and dragged her down under
the earth.
Before she recovered herself he once more appeared as a handsome
cavalier.
It was Regina, the youngest and best-conducted of the sisters.
"Let me go! let me go!" she cried, refusing to look at him.
"I thought I heard you calling for your sisters," he replied,
soothingly; "don't you want to see them?"
"Oh, yes! tell me where they are."
"I can't tell you where they are," he answered; "and if I did, it
would be of no use, because you would not know the way to where they
are. But if you come with me, it is possible we may be able to hear
something about them some day. One thing is certain, no one else is
so likely to be able to hear of them as I."
Regina was terribly perplexed, something within her said she ought
not to speak to the stranger gallant. "And yet, on the other hand,
if, by going with him, I can do any thing to recover my dear sisters,"
she thought, "I ought to risk something for that."
When he saw her hesitate, he knew his affair was won; and, indeed,
it required little persuasion to decide her now. As they went along
he said so many soft and flattering things as to make her forget
insensibly about her sisters. But when they got to the palace there
were such a number of beautiful things to occupy her attention, so
much to astonish her--a poor peasant maid who had never seen any of
these fine things before--that she soon got habituated to her new life,
and the fact of her having come for her sisters' sake went quite out
of her remembrance.
Luxehale was delighted to have brought things so far; and in proportion
to the difficulty he had had in winning her, was the satisfaction he
felt in being with her; thus he spent a longer time with her than
he had with either of the other sisters. But the time came at last
when he had to go upon earth about his business; and then he gave her
the same charge as the others about the keys and the adamant door,
and the rose which was not to fade till his return.
It was not many days either before the desire to see what was
hid behind it took possession of her; but as she approached it she
already perceived that the air that came from it was dry and heated,
and as she really regarded the rose as a token of affection, she was
concerned to keep it fair and fresh, so she went back and placed it
in a glass of water, and then pursued her investigation of the secret
of the adamant door.
She had learnt enough when she had but half opened it, and smelt
the stifling fumes of sulphur which issued from the pit it guarded,
and would have turned to go, but then her sisters' voices, wailing
in piteous accents, met her ear.
"Lucia! Orsola!" she cried.
"Regina!" they replied; and then, courageously advancing farther by
the light of the lurid flames, which burnt fitfully through the smoke,
now red with a horrid glare, now ashy grey and ghastly, she descried
the beloved forms of her sisters writhing and wailing, and calling
on her to help them.
She promised to use all her best endeavours to release them, and,
in the meantime, bid them keep up their courage as best they might,
and be on the look-out to take advantage of the first chance of
escape she could throw in their way. With that she returned to her
apartment, replaced the rose in her bosom, and looked out for the
return of Luxehale. Nor did he keep her long waiting; and when he
saw the rose blooming as freshly as at the first he was delighted,
and embraced her with enthusiasm. In fact, he was so smiling and well
inclined that she thought she could not do better than take advantage
of his good humour to carry out the plan she had already conceived.
"Do you know," she said, "I don't like the way in which your people
wash my things; they dry them in a hot room. Now I've always been
accustomed to dry them on the grass, where the thyme grows, and then
they not only get beautifully aired, but they retain a sweet scent
of the wild thyme which I have always loved since the days when I was
a little, little girl, and my mother used to kiss me when she put on
my clean things."
"It shall be done as you like," said Luxehale. "I will order a field
of thyme to be got ready immediately, and your things shall always
be dried upon it. Is there nothing else, nothing more difficult,
I can do for you?"
"Well, do you know," she replied--for this would not have answered
her purpose at all--"do you know, I don't fancy that would be quite
the same thing either; there is something peculiar about the scent
of our grass and our thyme at home which is very dear to me. Wouldn't
it be possible to send the things home?"
Luxehale looked undecided.
"It's the only thing wanted to make this beautiful place perfectly
delightful," she continued.
He couldn't resist this, and promised she should do as she liked.
Regina then ordered a large box to be made, and packed a quantity of
her things into it. But in the night when all slept she went down to
the adamant door, and called Lucia.
Both sisters came running out. "One at a time!" she said. "Lucia has
been in longest; it will be your turn next." So she took Lucia up with
her, and hid her in the box under the clothes, and told her what she
had to do. She was to send all the linen back clean at the end of the
week, and well scent it with thyme, and to fill up the vacant space
with more linen, so that it might not seem to return with less in it
than when it went. She told her also, if the porter who carried the
box should take into his head to peep in, "all you have to say is,
'I see you!' and you will find that will cure him." Then she went to
bed, and slept quietly till morning.
Early next day Luxehale called a porter to carry the box, to whom she
overheard him giving secret instructions that, as soon as he had got
to a good distance, he should search the box, and let him know what
was in it before he sent him up to her for final orders.
Regina told him all about the situation of her father's cottage. "But,"
she added, "I've had my eye on you a long time--you're not a bad sort
of fellow, but you're too curious."
"Why, I've never been where your worship could see me!" answered the
porter; "I've always worked in the stables."
"I can see every where!" replied Regina, solemnly. "I can see you in
the stables as well as I can see you here, and as well as I shall be
able to see you all the way you are journeying; and if an impertinent
curiosity should take you to look at my clothes, I shall see you,
you may be sure, and shall have you properly punished, so beware!"
The porter planted the chest on his strong shoulders and walked
away. He was a devil-may-care sort of fellow, and didn't altogether
believe in Regina's power of seeing "every where," and, as his
master's injunction to look into the box accorded much better with
his own humour than Regina's order to abstain from opening it, before
he had got halfway he set it down on the ground, and opened it.
"I see you!" said Lucia, from within; and her voice was so like her
sister's that the fellow made no doubt it was Regina herself who
really saw him as she had threatened; and, clapping the box to again
in a great fright, lifted it on to his shoulders with all expedition.
"I've brought your daughter's linen to be washed!" cried the porter,
when he arrived at the cottage, to the father of the Devil's wives, who
was in his field "breaking" Indian corn. "I've got a message to carry
about a hundred miles farther and shall be back by the end of the week,
so please have it all ready for me to take back when I call for it."
The good peasant gave him a glass of his best Kuechelberger [83],
and sent him on his way rejoicing.
He had no sooner departed than Lucia started up out of the box of
linen, and hastily told her father all the story. The peasant's hair
stood on end as he listened, but they felt there was no time to be
lost. All the linen Regina had sent, and all that remained in the
cottage, was washed and well scented with thyme, and packed smoothly
into the box for the porter to take back with him. They had hardly
got it all ready when he came to the gate to ask for it.
"Here you are!" said the peasant; and the porter lifted the box on
to his strong shoulders, and made the best of his way home.
"What did you find when you looked into the box?" asked the Devil,
the first time he could catch the porter alone.
"Oh! nothing whatever but dirty linen," replied he, too much of a
braggadocio to confess that he had been scared by a woman's voice.
After receiving this testimony the Devil made no sort of obstacle any
more to his wife sending a box home whenever she would, and as soon
as she collected sufficient to justify the use of the large chest
she ordered the porter to be ready over night, and then went down
and called Orsola.
Orsola came quickly enough, and was packed into the linen chest as
her sister had been, and with the same instructions. "Only, as I don't
mean to stay here much longer behind, there is no reason why we should
lose all our best linen, so don't send a great deal back this time,
but fill up the box with celery, of which Luxehale is very fond."
The porter, feeling somewhat ashamed of his pusillanimity on the last
occasion, determined this time to have a good look into the box,
for the effect of his fright had worn off, and he said to himself,
"It was only a foolish fancy--I couldn't really have heard it."
So he had hardly got half way when he set the box down, and lifted
the lid.
"I see you!" exclaimed Orsola, in a voice so like Regina's that the
lid slipped out of his hand, and fell upon the box with a crash which
startled Orsola herself. He loaded the box on his shoulders once more,
nor stopped again till he reached his destination.
Hearty was the greeting of the two sisters and their father as soon
as he was gone; and then they set to work to get the washing done.
"The weather has been so bad," said the father, when the porter
returned, "that we could not dry all the linen, please to say to your
mistress, but we hope to have it ready to go back with next week's;
beg her acceptance, however, of the celery which I have packed into
the box in its place."
"Did you look into the box this time?" said Luxehale, as soon as he
got the porter alone.
The porter did not like to acknowledge that he had been scared by
a woman, and so declared again that there was nothing in the box
but linen.
It was more difficult to arrange for her own escape, but Regina had
a plan for all. The box had now gone backwards and forwards often
enough for the porter to need no fresh directions, so she told him
over-night where he would find it in the morning; and he, finding it
seem all as usual, loaded it on his shoulders, and walked off with
it by the usual path.
He had not performed half the journey when he determined to
have a serious look into the box this time, and be scared by no
one. Accordingly he lifted the lid, but this time the words,--
"I see you!" came out of the box so unmistakably in Regina's voice,
that there was no room for doubt of her power of seeing him, and with
more haste than ever he closed it up again, and made the best of his
way to the peasant's cottage.
Both sisters and their father greeted Regina as their good angel and
deliverer when she stepped out of the box; and they went on talking
over all their adventures with no need to make haste, for Regina had
brought away with her money and jewels enough to make them rich for the
rest of their lives, so that they had no need to work any more at all.
When the porter returned to ask for the linen-chest, the peasant came
out with a humorous smile, and bid him tell his master that they had
not time to do the washing that week.
"But what shall I tell my mistress?" asked the man.
As he said so, Regina and her sisters came into the room, striking
him dumb with astonishment.
"No, you had better not go back to him," she said, compassionating
him for the treatment that would have awaited him, had he returned
without her; "Luxehale would doubtless vent his fury on you for my
absence. Better to stay here and serve us; and you need not fear his
power as long as you keep out of his territory."
After this, Luxehale determined to give up young and pretty wives,
since they proved sharp enough to outwit him, as he had before given
up rich and titled ones, who were like to have knights and princes
to deliver them.
This time he said he would look out for a bustling woman of good
common sense, who had been knocked about in the world long enough to
know the value of what he had to offer her.
So he went out into the town of Trient, and fixed upon a buxom woman of
the middle class, who was just in her first mourning for her husband,
and mourned him not because she cared for him, for he had been a bad
man, and constantly quarrelled with her, but because, now he was dead,
she had no one to provide for her, and after a life of comparative
comfort, she saw penury and starvation staring her in the face.
He met her walking in the olive-yard upon the hill whence her husband's
chief means had been derived. "And to think that all these fine trees,
our fruitful arativo, and our bright green prativo [84], are to be
sold to pay those rascally creditors of my brute of a husband!" she
mused as she sat upon the rising ground, and cried. "If he had nothing
to leave me, why did he go off in that cowardly way, and leave me
here? what is the use of living, if one has nothing to live upon?"
The Devil overheard her, and perceived she was just in the mood for
his purpose, but took care to appear to have heard nothing.
"And are you still charitably mourning because the Devil has taken
your tyrant of a husband?"
"Not because he has taken him, but because he didn't take me too,
at the same time!" answered the woman, pettishly.
"What! did you love the old churl as much as all that?" asked Luxehale.
"Love him! what put that into your head? But I didn't want to be left
here to starve, I suppose."
"Come along with me then, and you shan't starve. You shall have a
jollier time of it than with the old fool who is dead--plenty to eat
and drink, and no lack, and no work!"
"That's not a bad proposition, certainly; but, pray, who are you?"
"I am he who you regretted just now had not taken you. I will take you,
if you wish, and make you my wife."
"You the Devil!" exclaimed the woman, eyeing the handsome person he
had assumed from head to foot; "impossible, you can't be the Devil!"
"You see the Devil's not so black as he's painted," replied
Luxehale. "Believe me that is all stuff, invented by designing knaves
to deceive silly people. You can see for yourself if I don't look,
by a long way, handsomer and taller than your departed spouse, at
all events."
"There's no saying nay to that," responded the widow.
"Nor to my other proposition either," urged Luxehale; and, as he found
she ceased to make any resistance, he took her up in his arms, and,
spreading his great bat's wings, carried her down to his palace, where
he installed her as lady and mistress, much to her own satisfaction.
As she was fond of luxury and ease, and had met with little of it
before, the life in the Devil's palace suited her uncommonly well,
and yet, though she had every thing her own way, her bad temper
frequently found subject for quarrel and complaint.
It was on one occasion when her temper had thus been ruffled, and she
had had an angry dispute with Luxehale, who to avoid her wrangling
had gone off in a sullen mood to bed, that some one knocked at the
door. All the servants were gone to bed, so she got up, and asked
who was there.
"I, Pangrazio Clamer of Trient," said a somewhat tremulous voice.
"Pangrazio Clamer of Trient!" returned the widow; "come in, and
welcome. But how did you get here?"
"It's a longish story; but, first, how did you get here, and installed
here too, it seems? Ah, Giuseppa, you had better have married me!"
"I've forbidden you to talk of that," answered Giuseppa. "Besides,
I had not better have married you, for I have married a great prince,
who is able to keep me in every kind of luxury, and give me every
thing I can wish. You couldn't have done that."
"No, indeed," he sighed.
"Well, don't let's talk any more about that. Tell me how every one
is going on in Trient."
"By-and-by, if there is time. But, first, let me tell you about myself,
and what brought me here. That's strange enough."
"Well, what was it, then?"
"You know that you refused to have me, because I was poor----"
"I have already forbidden you to allude to that subject."
"You must know, then, that though I worked so hard to try and make
myself rich enough to please you, I only got poorer and poorer; while
at the same time, there was Eligio Righi, who, though his father left
him a good fortune to begin with, kept on getting richer and richer,
till he had bought up all the mines and all the olive-grounds, and
all the vineyards and mulberry-trees that were to be sold for miles
round--yours among the rest."
"That too?"
"Yes; and I often felt tempted to envy him, but I never did. One day
he came to me while I was hard at work, and said, 'You know, Pangrazio
Clamer, that I am very rich;' and I thought he didn't need to have come
and said that to me, who had all the labour in life to keep off envying
him, as it was. 'Pangrazio,' says he, 'I am not only rich, but I have
every thing I can wish, but one thing; and if I meet any one who will
do that one thing, I will take him to share my riches while I live,
and make him my heir at my death. I come first to ask you.' 'Tell me
what it is,' says I; 'I can't work harder, or fare worse, than I do
now, whatever it may be--so I'm your man.' 'Well, then, it's this,'
he continued. 'My one great unfulfilled wish through life has been
to give the Devil three good kicks, as some punishment for all the
mischief he does in the world; but I have never had the courage to
make the attempt, and now I have got old, and past the strength for
adventures, so if you will do this in my stead, I will put you in
my shoes as far as my money is concerned.' Of course, I answered I
would set out directly; and, as he had made the road by which men
get hither his study, for this very purpose, all through his life,
he could give me very exact directions for finding the Devil's abode.
"But, to get here, I had to traverse the lands of three different
sovereigns; and, as I had to go to them to get my passport properly
in order, they learned my destination, and each gave me a commission
on his own account, which I accepted, because if I should fail with
Eligio Righi's affair, I should have a chance of the rewards they
promised me to fall back on."
"And what were these three commissions?"
"The first king wants to know why the fountain which supplied all
his country with such beautiful bright water has suddenly ceased
to flow. The second king wants a remedy for the malady of his only
son, who lies at the point of death, and no physician knows what
ails him. And the third king wants to know why all the trees in his
dominions bear such splendid foliage, but bring forth no fruit."
"And you expect me to help you in all this?" said the Devil's wife.
"Well, for our old acquaintance' sake, and the bond of our common
home," said Clamer, "you might do that; and for the sake of the nearer
bond that might have united us."
"I would have refused you all you ask, to punish you for going back to
that story," said Giuseppa, "but I really desire to see old Luxehale
get a good drubbing, just now, for he has been very tiresome to-day. I
daren't give it him myself, but I'll help you to do it, if you have
a mind."
"Never mind the motive, provided you give me the help," replied
Clamer. "And will you help me to trick him out of the answers for
the three kings, as well as to give him a good drubbing?"
"That will I; for it will be good fun to counter-act some of his
mischief."
"How shall we set about it then?"
"I am just going to bed; he is asleep already. You must conceal
yourself in the curtains, and bring a big stick with you; and when
I make a sign, you must, without a moment's notice, set to and give
it him. Will that do for you?"
"Admirably! Only, remember, I have to do it three times, or I shan't
get my guerdon."
"And do you think you are certain of getting all Eligio Righi's
fortune?" said Giuseppa, earnestly.
"Oh, as sure as fate!" replied Clamer; "he's a man who never goes back
from his word. But I must fulfil all he says with equal exactness."
"And when I've helped you with half your labour, I don't see why I
shouldn't have half your guerdon."
"Nor I! You'll always find me faithful and true; and what I offered
you when I was poor, I offer you with equal heartiness when I have
the prospect of being the richest man in Trient."
"When you have done all you have to do, then, will you take me back
with you?"
"Nothing would make me happier than your consent to come with me. And
when I'm rich enough to be well fed and clothed, you'll find I'm not
such a bad-looking fellow, after all."
"Ah, you'll never be so handsome as Luxehale! But then I don't half
trust him. One never knows what trick he may take into his head to
play one. I think I should have more confidence of being able to
manage you."
"Then it's agreed; you come back with me?"
"Yes; I believe it's the best thing, after all. And now we must make
haste and set about our business."
She crept up-stairs with soft steps, and Clamer still more softly after
her. The Devil was sleeping soundly, and snoring like the roar of a
wild beast. Giuseppa stowed Clamer away in the curtains, and went to
bed too. When she heard what she reckoned one of the soundest snores,
she lifted the bed-curtains, and whispered, "Now's your time!"
Clamer did not wait to be told twice, but raised his stick, and,
as Giuseppa lifted the bed-clothes, applied it in the right place,
with a hearty good will.
Luxehale woke with a roar of pain, and Clamer disappeared behind
the curtains.
"Forgive me, dear lord!" said Giuseppa; "I had such a strange dream,
that it woke me all of a start, and I suppose made me knock you."
"What did you dream about?" said Luxehale, thinking to catch her at
fault; but Giuseppa had her answer ready.
"I thought I was travelling through a country where all the people
were panting for want of water, and as I passed along, they all
gathered round me, and desired me to tell them, what had stopped
their water from flowing, saying, 'You are the Devil's wife, so you
must know!' and when I couldn't tell them, they threw stones at me,
so that I seemed to have a hard matter to escape from them."
The Devil burst out into a loud laugh, which absorbed all his
ill-humour, as he heard this story, and Giuseppa made a sign to Clamer
to pay attention to what was to follow.
"You see, you never tell me any thing," she continued, pretending
to cry; "I never know any thing about your business, and, you see,
all those people expected I knew every thing my husband knew, as
other wives do."
"I didn't suppose you'd care to know any thing about it," replied
Luxehale, trying to soothe her; "and really there was nothing to
tell! It's an every-day matter. There was a pilgrimage chapel near
the city, to which the people used to go in procession every year;
and as long as they did that, I never could get past to get at the
fountains. But now they have left off the procession, and so I got by,
and had the fun of stopping the water."
Clamer winked to Giuseppa, to show he understood what the remedy was,
and Giuseppa said no more, so that the Devil very soon fell off to
sleep again.
When he began to snore again very soundly, she lifted the bed-clothes,
and made the agreed sign to Clamer. Clamer came forward, and applied
his stick with a hearty will in the right place, and the Devil woke
with a shout of fury.
"Oh, my dear husband!" cried Giuseppa, deprecating his wrath by her
tone of alarm; "I have had another dreadful dream!"
"What was it?" growled the Devil.
"I thought I was going through a great city where all the people were
in sorrow, and sat with ashes on their heads. And when they saw me
pass, they said they sat so because the king's son was at the point
of death, and no one could tell what ailed him, and all the doctors
were of no use; but that as I was the Devil's wife, I must know all
about it. When I couldn't tell them, they began pelting me; as they
kept putting fresh ashes on their heads each had a pan of fire by his
side, in which they were making, and they actually took the red-hot
cinders out of the pan of fire to pelt me with, and my clothes were
all on fire; so you may believe if I tried to run away fast--and it
is no wonder if I knocked you a little."
The Devil's fancy was more tickled than before with this story,
and he laughed fit to split his sides, as she proceeded, so that he
forgot all about the beating.
"It is all very well for you to lie there and laugh, but you wouldn't
have laughed if you had been treated as I was, I can tell you!" sobbed
Giuseppa. "And it's all because you never tell me any thing, as other
husbands do."
"Bosh!" answered the Devil; "I should have enough to do, if I told
you all the stories like that! Why, it's the commonest thing in the
world. That king's son was a good young man, obedient to all the
advice of his elders. But after a time he got with bad companions,
who introduced him to some of my people. After they had played him
a number of tricks, one day one of them took into his head to give
him a stunning good illness, to punish him for some luck he had had
against them at cards. And that's the history of that--there's nothing
commoner in life."
Giuseppa made a sign to know if Clamer had heard all he wanted to know,
and, finding he was satisfied, let the Devil go to sleep again.
As soon as he began to snore very soundly, Giuseppa lifted the
bed-clothes, and Clamer once more applied his stick. Whether by getting
used to the work and therefore less nervous, he really hit him harder,
or whether the previous blows had made the Devil more sensitive,
he certainly woke this time in a more furious passion than ever, and
with so rapid a start that it was all Clamer could do to get out of
his sight in time.
"What have you been dreaming now?" he exclaimed, in his most fearful
voice. "I declare, I can scarcely keep my hands off you!"
"Don't be angry," answered Giuseppa; "it is I who have had the worst
of it. I dreamt I was passing through a country where the trees had
given up bearing fruit; and when the people saw me go by, they all
came round me, and said, as I was the Devil's wife, I must know what
ailed their trees; and when I couldn't tell them, they cut down great
branches, and ran after me, poking the sharp, rough points into my
sides! You may believe if I tried to run away fast."
The Devil had never had such a laugh since he had been a devil,
as at this story, and the whole palace echoed with his merriment.
When Giuseppa found him once more in such good humour, she went on,--
"And why do you do such mischievous things, and make people so
savage? It isn't fair that they don't dare to touch you and all their
ill-will falls on me."
"As it happens, it's not my doing at all this time; at least, I didn't
go out of my way to do it for any sort of fun. It all came about in
the regular way of business."
"What do you mean?" pursued Giuseppa, who knew it was necessary to
probe the matter to the bottom.
"Why, the king of that country is a regular miser. He is so afraid
that any body should get any thing out of their gardens without paying
the due tribute to him first, that he has built such high walls round
all the orchards, and vine-gardens, and olive-yards, that no sun can
get at them. And he is so stingy, he won't pay people to dig round
them and manure, and prune, and attend to the property; so how can
the fruit grow? As long as he defrauds the poor people of their work,
he can have no fruit. It's not my fault at all!
"But, really, I've had enough of this. You'd better go and sleep
somewhere else for the rest of the night, for I can't stand being woke
up any more. If you do it again, I am sure I shall strangle you--and
that would be a pity! Go along, and dream somewhere else--and I hope
you may get properly punished before you wake next time!"
Giuseppa desired no command so much; but pretending to cry and
be much offended, she got up and went to lie down in another bed
till the Devil began to snore soundly again. Then she rose up, and,
taking all her fine clothes and jewels, went out softly, and beckoned
to Clamer to follow her.
"Suppose the Devil wakes before we get far away?" said Clamer,
beginning to get frightened as the time of trial approached.
"Never fear!" answered Giuseppa; "when he gets disturbed like that,
he sleeps for a week after it."
Then she clapped her hands, and a number of great birds came flapping
round. She helped Clamer on to the back of one, and, loading her
jewels on to another, sprang on to a third, and away they flew,
while she beckoned to three more to follow behind.
When they came to the first kingdom, Clamer left the strange cortege
behind a mountain, and went alone up to the court, to tell the
king he was a miser, and that if he gave up his sordid ways and set
the people, who were starving for want of work, to pull down half
the height of his walls, and to dig, manure, and prune his trees,
he would have as good a crop of fruit as any in the world. Then the
king acknowledged his fault, and praised Clamer for pointing it out,
and gave him a great bag of gold as his reward.
Clamer packed the sack of gold on to the back of one of the birds
which were following them, and away they sped again. When they arrived
at the second kingdom, Clamer hid his cortege in a pine forest,
and went alone to the court, to tell the king that if his son would
give up his bad companions, and live according to the advice of his
elders, he would be all well again as before. The prince was very
much astonished to find that Clamer knew about his bad behaviour,
for he had concealed it from his parents and all about him, but this
convinced him that he must be right in what he said, so he promised to
alter his life and behave according to the wise counsel of his elders
in future. From that moment he began to get better; and the king,
in joy at his restoration, gave Clamer a great sack of gold, which
he laded on to the back of the second bird; and away they flew again.
When they arrived at the third kingdom, Clamer hid his retinue in
the bed of a dried lake and went alone to the court, to tell the
king that if he would order the procession to the pilgrimage chapel
to be resumed, the Devil would not be able to get in to stop the
fountains. The king at once ordered the grandest procession that had
ever been known in the memory of the oldest inhabitant, and all the
people went out devoutly praying. Immediately the springs and fountains
began to flow again; and the king was so pleased that he gave Clamer a
great sack of gold, which he packed on to the back of the third bird;
and away they flew again, till they reached the gloomy shades of the
Val d'Ombretta, under the cold, steep precipices of the Marmolata [85].
"Here will be a good place to hide all this treasure," said Giuseppa;
"it will never do to take it into Trient all at once. We will bury
it here where foot of man seldom falls, and my birds will keep good
watch over it and defend it, and yet by their services we shall be
able to fetch down any portion of it as we want it."
Clamer saw there was some good in the proposal, but he hardly liked
giving up the possession of the treasure to Giuseppa's birds, neither
did he like to show any want of confidence.
"Don't you think it an excellent plan?" asked Giuseppa, as she saw
him hesitate.
"I think I could stow it away as safely in an old well at home," said
Clamer. "This is an uncanny place of evil renown, and I had just as
lief have nothing to do with it."
"What's the matter with the place?" asked Giuseppa.
"Oh, you know, the Marmolata was as fertile as any pasture of Tirol
once," answered Clamer; "and because the people had such fine returns
for their labour from it, they grew careless and impious, and were
not satisfied with all the week for working in it, but must needs be
at it on Sundays and holidays as well. One Sunday an ancient man came
by and chid them for their profanity. 'Go along with your old wives'
stories!' said a rich proprietor who was directing the labourers;
'Sunday and working-day is all alike to us. We have sun and rain
and a fine soil, what do we want with going to church to pray?' And
they sang,--
'Nos ongh el fengh en te tabla,
E i autri sul pra [86]!'
"The old man lifted up his finger in warning, and passed on his way;
but as he went it came on to snow. And it snowed on till it had covered
all the ground; covered all the hay up to the top; covered over the
heads of the labourers and their masters; snowed so deep that the sun
has never been able to melt it away again! A curse is on the place,
and I had rather have nothing to do with it."
"Oh, I've lived long enough where curses abound to care very little
about them," answered Giuseppa, "or I could tell you the real story
about that, for you've only got the wrong end of it. But it doesn't
do to think of those things. The only way is to laugh at all that
sort of thing, and make yourself jolly while you can."
"My story's the right one," replied Clamer, "and you won't laugh me
out of believing it."
"Oh, dear no; the right story is much more serious than that! But
I lose my patience with people who trouble themselves about those
things."
"I don't believe there's any more of the story," continued Clamer,
who was dying to hear it, and knew that the best way to get at it was
by provoking her. Had he merely begged her to tell it, she would have
found a perverse pleasure in disappointing him.
Giuseppa was very easily provoked. "The right story proves itself,"
she cried, pettishly; and Clamer chuckled aside to see his plan
succeed. "Your way of telling it only accounts for the snow; how do
you account for the ice?"
"Oh, there's no way of accounting for that," replied Clamer, with a
malicious laugh.
"Yes, there is," rejoined Giuseppa, fairly caught. "It wasn't an old
man at all who came to give the warning. It was a very young man,
for it was no one else but St. John."
"St. John!" cried Clamer; "how could that be?"
"Don't you know any thing, then?" retorted Giuseppa. "Don't you know
that there was a time when our Lord and His Apostles went walking
over the earth, preaching the Gospel?"
"Yes, of course I know that," replied Clamer, much offended.
"Well, then, in process of travelling they came here just the same as
every where else--why shouldn't they? The Apostles had been sent on to
prepare a lodging for the night, and St. John, being the youngest and
best walker, outstripped the rest, and came by first. But he was so
soft and gentle in his warning that the labourers laughed at him, and
he went on his way sighing, for he saw that their hearts were hardened.
"Then St. Peter and St. Paul came by----"
"But St. Paul--" interposed Clamer.
"Don't interrupt, but listen," said Giuseppa. "St. Peter and St. Paul,
though not younger than the others like St. John, were always in the
front in all matters, because of their eagerness and zeal, and the
important post which was assigned them in the Church. They came next,
therefore; but they, seeing the men working on Sunday, were filled
with indignation, and chid them so fiercely that they only made them
angry, and they took up stones to throw at them, and drove them out
of the ground. One by one the other Apostles all came by and warned
them, but none of them seemed to have the right way of getting at
their hearts. And they went on working, with a worse sin on them for
having been warned.
"Last of all, the Lord Himself came by, and His heart was moved
with compassion by the perversity of the people. He saw that all the
preaching of all His Apostles had been in vain, and He resolved to
save them in another way, and prove them, to see if there was any
charity or any good in them at all.
"Instead of threatening and warning, He came leaning on His staff,
weary and way-sore.
"'You have a fine Berg-Segen [87], my friends,' He said, sweetly,
as He sat on a great heap of fresh hay placed ready to load the
returning wain.
"'Oh, yes! first-rate crops,' replied the rich proprietor, with a
look of contempt at the travel-stained garments of the wayfarer;
'but they're not meant to serve as beds for idle fellows who go
prowling about the country and live by begging instead of by work,
so you just get up and take yourself off!'
"Our Lord looked at him with a piteous glance, but his heart was not
softened. 'Move off quicker than that, or you'll taste my stick!' he
cried, assuming a threatening attitude.
"Our Lord passed on, without uttering a word of complaint, till He
reached the holding of the next proprietor.
"'Where there are such fine pastures there must be fine cattle and
a fine store of produce,' He said.
"'Oh, yes, I've plenty of stores!' said the man addressed; 'and
that's just why I don't like to have loafing vagabonds about my place;
so please to move on quicker than you came.'
"'But I'm weary, my good man, and have come a long journey this day,
and have nothing to eat: give me, now, but one sup of milk from your
bountiful provision there.'
"'Give!' answered the man; 'I've nothing to give away. I work hard
for all I gain, and I don't encourage those who don't work.'
"'But you won't miss the little I ask--and I have travelled very far
and am very weary,' replied our Lord, condescending to speak very
piteously, to see if He could not by any means move the man's heart.
"'Hola! you there! Domenico, Virgilio, Giacomo, Rocco, Pero! come
along here, and throw this fellow out!' shouted the proprietor.
"The men turned with their pitchforks, and drove the wayfarer rudely
away, without pity, notwithstanding that His legs trembled with
weariness and the way was so steep.
"Our Lord uttered not a word, and hasted on, that He might not increase
their condemnation by resistance.
"But the heavens grew black with anger at the sight; the storm-clouds
gathered in vengeance; grey and leaden, mass above mass, they thickened
over the devoted peak of the Marmolata; the sun ceased to smile,
and a horrible darkness fell around.
"Closer and closer lowered the clouds, till they fell, enveloping
the mountain-top with white fields of snow.
"'Nay!' cried the Saviour, compassionately; 'Father, stay Thine
hand!' And for a moment the convulsion of the angry element was
stilled. 'They knew not what they did,' He pleaded; and He passed
down the path to the next holding.
"'See,' He said to the proprietor, who was watching the strange storm
with some alarm, 'see how terrible are the judgments of God! Give Him
praise for the blessing He has poured out on you, and save yourself
from His anger.'
"'What have I to do with the misfortunes of others? Every thing goes
right with me.'
"'But it may not always. Be wise betimes, and render praise to God.'
"'What do I know about God?' answered the man; 'I've enough to do with
taking care of the earth; I don't want to puzzle my head about heaven!'
"'All good gifts are from heaven.' replied the Lord, faintly; and He
sank upon the ground exhausted.
"'See!' cried a woman who had come out with her husband's dinner,
'see, He has fallen; will you do nothing to restore Him?' And she
ran to raise Him up.
"'Let Him lie.' said her master, pushing her roughly away; 'it were
better the earth were rid of such idle fellows.'
"He had filled up the measure of his iniquity. 'Hard and icy as his
heart has been, so shall his pasture be!' proclaimed the Angel of
Judgment. And as he spread his arms abroad, the clouds fell over the
sides of the mountain; the cold blast turned them into ice, and it
became a barren glacier for evermore.
"But the angels carried the Lord to the place the Apostles had prepared
for Him. And the woman who had pitied Him alone escaped and recorded
the story."
A shudder had fallen over Clamer, and he seemed hardly inclined
to break the silence which reigned around. There was not a bird to
chirp a note, nor a leaf to flutter, nor a blade of grass to gladden
the eye. Meantime they had reached the Fassathal, which, though so
fruitful farther along, is scarcely more smiling at its east end.
"Were it not well, Pangrazio," urged Giuseppa, "to bury our treasure
here, before we get nearer the habitations of men? Ah!" she added,
"I see what it is, it is not of the weird neighbourhood that you are
shy, it is that you trust not me! you think if my birds guard the
treasure you will have less control over it than I!"
"Oh, no!" answered Clamer, ashamed to have been found out; "it is not
that; but there are as many weird warnings rife here as concerning the
Marmolata. Does not the Feuriger Verraether [88] haunt this place? and
does not the Purgametsch conceal a village which was buried for its
sins? Is it not just here that lurk the Angane and the Bergostanoe
[89]?"
"Really, I can undertake to defend you against all these chimerical
fancies," replied Giuseppa, scornfully; "but if you don't feel any
confidence in me, it is absurd our attempting to live together."
"It is not that--I have told you it is not that!" cried Clamer.
"Then shall we do it?" urged she. Thus driven, Clamer could not
choose but give in; and Giuseppa sent her monster birds to conceal the
treasure they bore, in the hole she pointed out high up in the rocks,
and remain in guard over it.
This done they sped over the pleasant Fleimserthal and Cembrathal
to Trient.
Eligio Righi received his returning envoy with a hearty welcome, and
listened without wearying to his frequent repetition of the tale of
his adventures. The part where he described the manner in which he
had administered the chastisement on the Devil was what delighted
him most, and the account of the roaring of the Devil with the pain.
Moreover, he kept his word, and opened his house and his purse to
Clamer, who shared every thing as if it had been his own, and even
obtained his sanction to bring home his wife, though he durst not
tell him how he obtained her.
Giuseppa had now not only a fine house and broad lands, and plenty of
servants and clothes, and every thing she wished for, but she had only
to send one of her birds to the treasury in the Fassathal to supply
all her caprices as well as wants--yet she was always complaining
and quarrelling. Pangrazio often found her quite unbearable; but he
remembered she was his wife, and he forgave her, though the more he
gave in, the more unreasonable she got.
In the meantime, it must not be supposed that Luxehale had never
awaked. True, he slept on for a good week, as Giuseppa had predicted,
but that over, he woke up in a pretty passion at finding she had
escaped.
With all her evil temper, Giuseppa had suited him very well; he rather
enjoyed an occasional broil, it was much more to his taste than peace
and amity--and besides, he was sure always to get the best of it. So
he determined that this time, instead of going in search of a new wife,
he would get the old one back.
"Those who come to me in the way she did," he reflected, "don't
escape so easily. The others I more or less deceived. They came
with me thinking I was one of their own sort; but she followed me
with her eyes open--she knew all about me before she came. Besides,
they hated the place the moment they found out where they were, but
she knew what it was, and yet liked it all along. No, I don't think
she's of the sort that go back in thorough earnest."
So he dressed himself up in his best, put a plume in his hat and a
flower in his button-hole, and went off to Trient. He had not watched
the house where Giuseppa lived many days before he heard her voice
raised to that angry key he knew so well.
"That'll do for me," he said, rubbing his hands. "It's all going
on right."
"What do you want more?" he heard Clamer plead. "If there is any
thing I can do to please you, I will do it!"
"You are a fool! and there's nothing in you can please me," screamed
Giuseppa, too angry to be pacified; "you're not like Luxehale. Why
did you ever take me away from him? He was something to look at!"
"It's going on all right!" said Luxehale, chuckling.
"Why did you come away?" said Pangrazio, quietly.
"I didn't know what I was about! Would that I had never done it!" she
added.
"Oh, don't say that!" replied Pangrazio, imploringly. But instead
of being won by his kindness she only grew the more noisy, till at
last Pangrazio could stand it no longer, and he went out to avoid
growing angry.
"Now is my time!" said the Devil; and he slipped round to the
window. Giuseppa was still fretting and fuming, and invoking Luxehale
at the top of her voice.
"Here I am!" said Luxehale. "Will you come back with me, and leave
this stupid loafer?"
"What you there!" cried Giuseppa, rushing to the window, and kissing
him. "Of course I'll go with you. Take me away!"
"All right; jump down!" said Luxehale, helping her over the
window-sill. Giuseppa threw herself into his arms, and away they
walked. Arrived outside the town, Luxehale lifted her up, spread his
black bat's wings, and carried her off.
"Go through the Fleimserthal and the Fassathal," said Giuseppa;
"I've got something to show you there."
"Any thing to please you!" answered Luxehale.
"Oh, it's not to please me!" cried Giuseppa, taking offence.
"Now don't begin again; it won't do with me!" replied Luxehale,
with a sternness he had never before exercised. "Mind, I don't mean
to allow any more of it."
"Oh, if that's to be it," said Giuseppa, "I'll go back again to
Pangrazio."
"No, you won't!" replied Luxehale; "you don't go back any more,
I'll take good care of that! And now, what did you want to come by
the Fassathal for?"
"Only because it's the way I passed with Pangrazio, and it renewed
a sweet memory of him."
"That won't do for me! What was the real reason?"
"What will you give me if I tell you?"
"Nothing. But if you don't tell me, I shall know how to make you."
Giuseppa's courage failed her when she heard him talk like this. She
knew she had given herself to him of her own will, and so she belonged
to him, and she could not help herself; and now, the best course she
could think of was to tell him of the treasure, and trust to the good
humour it would put him in, for he was very avaricious, to get her
forgiveness out of him.
Clamer came back from a walk outside the town--where he had gone to get
cool after his wife's scolding--just in time to see Luxehale spread
his wings and fly away with Giuseppa in his arms. He called to her,
but she did not hear him; and all he could do was to stand watching
them till they were out of sight.
He came back so gloomy and dejected that his friend Eligio Righi was
quite distressed to see him. He was so sympathizing, indeed, that
Pangrazio could not forbear telling him the whole story. "Then, if
that is so, you need not regret being quit of her," moralized his sage
friend: "she was no wife for an honest man. And as for the treasure,
you have enough without that. It was but ill-gotten gain which came
to you for knowledge obtained from such a source."
ZOVANIN SENZA PAURA [90]; OR,
THE BOY WHO WENT OUT TO DISCOVER WHAT FEAR MEANT.
Zovanin was a bold boy, and never seemed to be afraid of any
thing. When other children were afraid lest Orco [91] should play
them some of his malicious tricks, when people cried out to him,
"Take care, and don't walk in those footprints, they may be those of
Orco!" he would only laugh, and say, "Let Orco come; I should like
to see him!" When he was sent out upon the mountains with the herds,
and had to be alone with them through the dark nights, and his mother
bid him not be afraid, he used to stare at her with his great round
eyes as if he wondered what she meant. If a lamb or a goat strayed
over a difficult precipice, and the neighbours cried out to him,
"Let be; it is not safe to go after it down that steep place," he
would seem to think they were making game of him, and would swing
himself over the steep as firmly and as steadily as if he were merely
bestriding a hedge. He saw people shun passing through the churchyards
by dark, and so he used to make it his habit to sleep every night on
the graves; and as they said they were afraid of being struck blind
if they slept in the moonlight, he would always choose to lie where
the moonbeams fell. Nor thunder, nor avalanche, nor fire, nor flood,
nor storm seemed to have any terror for him; so that at last people
set him to do every kind of thing they were afraid to do themselves,
and he got so much wondered at, that he said, "I will go abroad over
the world, and see if I can find any where this same Fear that I hear
people talk of."
So he went out, and walked along by the most desolate paths and through
frightful stony wildernesses, till he came to a village where there
was a fair going on. Zovanin was too tired to care much for the dance,
so instead of joining it he asked for a bed.
"A bed!" said the host; "that's what I can give you least of all. My
beds are for regular customers, and not for strollers who drop down
from the skies;" for, being full of business at the moment, he was
uppish and haughty, as if his day's prosperity was to last for ever.
While Zovanin was urging that his money was as good as another's, and
the host growing more and more insolent while repeating that he could
not receive him, a terrific shouting of men, and screeching of women
made itself heard, and pell-mell the whole tribe of peasants, pedlars,
and showmen came rushing towards the inn, flying helter-skelter before
a furious and gigantic maniac brandishing a formidable club. Every one
ran for dear life, seeking what shelter they could find. The inn was
filled to overflowing in a trice, and those who could not find entrance
there hid themselves in the stables and pig-styes and cellars. But
no one was in so great a hurry to hide himself as mine host, who had
been so loud with his blustering to a defenceless stranger anon. Only,
when he saw the baffled madman breaking in his doors and windows with
his massive oaken staff, he put his head dolefully out of the topmost
window, and piteously entreated some one to put a stop to the havoc.
Zovanin was not quick-witted: all this noisy scene had been transacted
and it had not yet occurred to him to move from the spot where he
originally stood; in fact, he had hardly apprehended what it was that
was taking place, only at last the host's vehement gesticulations
suggested to him that he wanted the madman arrested.
"Oh, that's it, is it?" said Zovanin. "All right, I'm your man!" and
walking up coolly to the cause of all this disturbance, he said,
in the tone of one who meant to be obeyed, "Give me your club."
The poor imbecile was usually harmless enough; he lived in
an out-of-the-way hut with his family, where he seldom saw a
stranger. They had incautiously brought him up to the fete, where
he had first become excited by the sight of the unwonted number of
people; then some thoughtless youths had further provoked him by
mocking and laughing at him; and when the people ran away in fear of
his retaliation, he had only yielded to a natural impulse in running
after them. But when Zovanin stood before him, fearless and collected,
and said, in his blunt, quiet way, "Give me your club," his habitual
obedience prevailed over the momentary ebullition, and he yielded
himself up peaceably to the guidance of the young giant. Zovanin first
secured the club, and then desired the madman to bestow himself in
an empty shed, of which he closed and made fast the door. When the
landlord and people saw the coast clear they all came out again,
the latter losing no time in going back to their games, the former
to resume his preparations for the entertainment of his guests.
"Well," said Zovanin, "I suppose now you'll make no difficulty in
providing me a bed? I think that's the least you can do for me,
after my befriending you as I have. I have earned it, if any one has."
"What! you think that such a great feat, do you?" said the landlord,
who, deeming the madman well secured, felt no compunction in disowning
Johnny's service. "Do you suppose any other couldn't have said,
'Give me your club,' just as well as you?"
"Perhaps you would like to try," replied our hero; and he went to
unbar the shed-door.
"For heaven's sake, no!" screamed the cowardly landlord, preparing
to run away. "Don't let him loose on any account; I'll do any thing
for you sooner than that!"
"Well, you know what I want; it's not much, and reasonable enough,"
replied Fearless Johnny, relaxing his hold of the door.
"But that's just the one thing I can't do," lamented the host. "My
beds are bespoken to customers who come every year to the fair,
and if I disappoint any of them I'm a ruined man."
"Very well then, here goes!" and Zovanin once more prepared to open
the shed-door.
"Oh, no; stop!" roared the landlord. "Perhaps there is a way,
after all."
"Ah!" ejaculated Johnny; "I thought as much."
"There is a room, in fact a whole suite of rooms, and a magnificent
suite of rooms, I daren't give to any one else, but I think they will
do for you, as you are such a stout-hearted chap."
"Where are they?" said Johnny.
"Do you see that castle on the tip of the high rock yonder, that
looks like an eagle perched for a moment and ready to take flight?"
"I should rather think I did, seeing it's one of the most remarkable
sights I have met with in all my travels."
"Well, that castle was built by a bad giant who lived here in former
times; and he balanced it like that on the tip of the rock, and only
he had the secret of walking into it. If any one else steps into it,
they are pretty sure of stepping on the wrong place, and down will
go the whole castle overbalanced into the abyss. When he was once
inside it, he had an iron chain by which he made it fast to the rock;
and when he went out he used to set it swinging as you see, so that
no one might dare to venture in and take back possession of the
booty which he seized right and left from all the country round. If
you don't mind trying your luck at taking possession of the castle,
you can lodge there like a prince, for there are twelve ghosts, who
come there every night, who will supply you with every thing you can
ask for. So there is all you desire to have, and more, provided only
the idea does not strike you with fear."
"Fear, say you?" said Zovanin, opening his great round eyes; "do you
say I shall find 'Fear' in yonder castle?"
"Most assuredly. Every body finds it in merely listening to the story."
"Then that's what I came out to seek; so show me the way, and there
I will lodge."
The host stared at his crack-brained guest, but, glad to be rid of
his importunity for a night's lodging in the inn, made no delay in
pointing out the path which led to the giant's castle.
Zovanin trudged along it without hesitation, nor was he long in
reaching the precariously balanced edifice. Once before the entrance,
he had little difficulty in seeing what was required in order to take
possession. Just in the centre of the building a large stone stood
up prominently, and though at a great distance from the threshold,
was probably not more than a stride for the giant of old--as a further
token, it was worn away at the edge, evidently where he had stepped
on to it. Zovanin saw it could be reached by a bold spring, and,
having no fear of making a false step, he was able to calculate his
distance without disturbance from nervousness. Having balanced himself
successfully on the stone, he next set himself to fix the chain which
attached his airy castle to the rock, and then made his way through
its various apartments. Every thing was very clean and in good order,
for the twelve ghosts came every night and put all to rights. Zovanin
had hardly finished making his round when in they came, all dressed
in white.
"Bring me a bottle of wine, and some bread and meat, candles and
cards," said Fearless Johnny, just as if he had been giving an order
to the waiter of an inn; for he remembered that the landlord had
said they would supply him, and he felt no fear which should make
him shrink from them.
"I wonder where this same Fear can be?" he said, as the ghosts were
preparing his supper; "I have been pretty well all over the castle
already, and can see nothing of him. Oh, yes! I will just go down
and explore the cellars, perhaps I shall find him down there."
"Yes; go down and choose your wine to your own taste, and you will
find him there, sure enough," said the twelve ghosts.
"Shall I, though?" said John, delighted; and down he went.
The bottles were all in order, labelled with the names of various
choice vintages in such tempting variety that he was puzzled which to
choose. At last, however, he stretched his hand out to reach down a
bottle from a high shelf, when lo and behold a grinning skull showed
itself in the place where the bottle had stood, and asked him how he
dared meddle with the wine! Without being in the least disconcerted
at its horrid appearance, Fearless Johnny passed the bottle into his
left hand, and with his right taking up the skull, flung it over his
shoulder to the farthermost corner of the cellar. He had no sooner
done so, however, than a long bony arm was stretched out from the same
place, and made a grab at the bottle. But Fearless John caught the
arm and flung it after the skull. Immediately another arm appeared,
and was treated in the same way; then came a long, lanky leg, and
tried to kick him on the nose, but Johnny dealt with it as with the
others; then came another leg, which he sent flying into the corner
too; and then the ribs and spine, till all the bones of a skeleton
had severally appeared before him, and had all been cast by him on
to the same shapeless heap.
Now he turned to go, but as he did so a great rattling was heard in
the corner where he had thrown the bones. It was all the bones joining
themselves together and forming themselves into a perfect skeleton,
which came clatter-patter after him up the stairs.
Zovanin neither turned to look at it nor hurried his pace, but walked
straight back, bottle in hand, into the room where the supper was laid
ready, and the pack of cards by the side, as he had ordered. All the
while that he was supping, the skeleton kept up a wild dance round him,
trying to excite him by menacing gestures, but Fearless Johnny munched
his bread and meat and drank his wine, and took no more notice than
of the insects buzzing round the sconces.
When he had done he called to the ghosts in the coolest way imaginable
to clear away the things, and then dealt out the cards, with one hand
for a "dummy" and one for himself. He had no sooner done this than the
skeleton sat down, with a horrid grimace of triumph, and took up the
"dummy's" hand!
"You needn't grin like that," said Johnny; "you may depend on it I
shouldn't have let you take the cards if it hadn't pleased me. If
you know how to play, play on--it is much better fun than playing
both hands oneself. Only, if you don't know how to play, you leave
them alone--and you had better not give me reason to turn you out."
The skeleton, however, understood the game very well, and with
alternate fortune they played and passed away the hours till it was
time to go to bed. Johnny then rose and called the twelve ghosts to
light him up to bed, which they did in gravest order. He had no sooner
laid himself to sleep than, with a great clatter, the skeleton came
in and pulled the bedclothes off him. In a great passion Fearless
Johnny jumped up, and brandishing a chair over his head, threatened
to break every one of his bones if he didn't immediately lay the
clothes straight again. The skeleton had no defence for his bones,
and so could not choose but obey; and Johnny went quietly to bed again.
"It was a pity I didn't ask the poor fellow what ailed him, though,"
said Johnny, when he was once more alone. "Perhaps he too is tormented
by this 'Fear' that every one thinks so much of, and wanted me to
help him. Ah, well, if he comes again I will ask him;" and with that
he rolled himself up in the quilt, and went to sleep again. An hour
had hardly passed before the skeleton came in again, and this time
he shook the bedpost so violently that he woke Johnny with a start.
"Ah! there he is again!" cried Johnny; "now I'll ask him what he
wants;" so he jumped out of bed once more, and addressed the skeleton
solemnly in these words:--
"Anima terrena,
Stammi lontana tre passi,
E raccontami la tua pena [92]!"
Then the skeleton made a sign to him to follow it, and led him down to
the foundations of the castle, where there was a big block of porphyry.
"Heave up that block," said the skeleton.
"Not I!" replied Johnny; "I didn't set it there, and so I'm not going
to take it up."
So the skeleton took up the block itself, and under it lay shining
two immense jars full of gold.
"Take them, and count them out," said the skeleton.
"Not I!" said Johnny; "I didn't heap them up, and so I'm not going
to count them out."
So the skeleton counted them out itself, and they contained ten
thousand gold pieces each.
When it had done, it said, "I am the giant who built this castle. I
have waited here these hundreds of years till one came fearless enough
to do what you have done to-night, and now I am free, because to you
I may give over the castle; so take it, for it is yours, and with it
one of these jars of gold, which is enough to make you rich, but take
the other jar of gold and build a church, and let them pray for me,
and learn to be better men than I."
With that he disappeared, and Fearless Johnny slept quietly for the
rest of the night.
In the morning, when the sun was up, and the birds began to sing
cheerily on the branches, the landlord began to feel some compunction
for having abandoned such a fine young Bursch to a night by himself
among the unquiet spirits; so he summoned all his courage, and all
his servants, and all his neighbours, and, thus prepared, he led the
way up to the haunted castle. Finding that it was firmly fixed by the
chain, they all entered in a body, for none durst be the first; and
the entrance, having been made for the giant, was big enough for all.
Zovanin having had such a disturbed night was still fast asleep, but
their footsteps and anxious whisperings woke him. In answer to all
their questionings he gave an account of what had happened to him, but
still complained that, after all, he had not been able to find Fear!
Zovanin was now a rich man, and had a mighty castle to live in where
he might have ended his days in peace, but he was always possessed
by the desire of finding out what Fear was, and this desire was too
strong to let him rest.
The neighbours, however, told him he might find Fear out hunting;
and many were the hunting-parties he established, and wherever the
wild game was shyest, there he sought it out. Once, as he sprang
over a chasm his horse made a false start, and was plunged into the
abyss, but Fearless Johnny caught at the bough of a birch-tree that
waved over the mountain-side. The branch cracked, and it seemed as
if nothing could save him, but Fearless Johnny only swung himself on
to another on the ledge below, and climbed back by its means to the
path. Another time, as he was pursuing a chamois up a precipitous
track, a great mass of loose rock, detached from the height above,
came thundering down upon him. An ordinary hunter, scared at the sight,
would have given himself up for lost, but Fearless Johnny stood quite
still and let it bound over his head, and he came to no harm.
So he still was unable to find Fear. After some years, therefore,
he once more went abroad to seek it. This time, however, he provided
himself with a fine suit of armour and a prancing charger, and a
noble figure he cut as he ambled forth.
After a long journey, with many adventures, he came one hot day,
as he was very thirsty, to a fountain of water in the outskirts of a
town, and as he dismounted to drink he observed that the whole place
looked sad and deserted; the road was grass-grown, and the houses
seemed neglected and empty. As he went up to the fountain to drink,
a faint voice called to him from the wayside, "Beware, and do it
not! Think you that we all should be lying here dying of thirst if
you could drink at that fountain?"
Then he looked round, and saw that, as far as eye could reach, the
banks of the wayside were covered with dying people heaped up one on
the other, and all gazing towards the fountain!
"Know you not," continued the weary voice, "that a terrible dragon
has taken possession of all the fountains; and that the moment one
goes to drink of them he appears, as though he would eat you up,
so that you are bound to run away for very fear?"
"'Fear!'" cried Zovanin; "is Fear here at last?" and he joyfully ran
to the side of the well.
All the weary, dying people raised themselves as well as they could, to
see what should befall him who was not afraid of the terrible dragon.
But Fearless Johnny went up to the fountain's brim to dip his hand
into the cooling flood. Before he could do so, however, the terrible
dragon put his head up through the midst, with a frightful howl, and
spueing fire out of his nostrils. Zovanin, instead of drawing back,
instantly took out his sword and, with one blow, severed the monster's
head from the trunk! Then all the people rushed to the fountain,
hailing him as their deliverer. But ere they had slaked their thirst,
the dragon, which had sunk back into the depth of the water, reappeared
with a new head, already full grown, and more terrible than the last,
for it not only spued out fire from its nostrils, but darted living
sparks from its eyes.
When the people saw this they all ran away screaming, and Zovanin was
left alone; but, as usual, he did not lose heart, and with another
well-aimed blow sent the second head of the monster rolling by the
side of the first!
The people came back, and began to drink again when they saw the huge
trunk disappear beneath the surface; but it was not many minutes
before another head cropped up, more terrible than either of the
preceding, for it not only spued fire from its nostrils and darted
living sparks from its eyes, but it had hair and mane of flames,
which waved and rolled abroad, threatening all within reach. All the
people fled at the sight, and Zovanin was once more left alone with
the monster. Once more he severed the terrible head; and after this
the dragon was seen no more.
"That must be very wonderful blood out of which three heads can
spring," thought Fearless Johnny; and he filled a vial with the
dragon's blood, and journeyed farther.
After a time he came to the outskirts of another town. It was
not deserted like the last. The streets were full of people making
merry--in fact, every one was so very merry that they seemed a whole
community of madmen. Another might have been afraid to encounter
them at all; but not so Fearless Johnny, he spurred his horse and
rode right through their midst. But for all his seeming so fearless
and self-possessed, the people got round him, and seized his horse's
bridle, and dragged him from the saddle.
"What do you want with me, good people?" cried Zovanin; "let me hear,
before you pull me to pieces."
When they found him so cool, spite of the wild way in which they had
handled him, they began to respect him, and loosed their hold.
"If you want to know," answered one, "it is soon told. We are all
in this town wholly given up to amusement. We have done with work
and toil, and do nothing but dance, and drink, and sing, and divert
ourselves from morning to night. But after enjoying all this a long
time, we begin to find it rather wearisome, and we are almost as
tired of our pastime as we used to be of our labour. So the king has
decreed that every stranger who comes by this way shall be caught,
and required to find us a quite new diversion, and if he cannot do
that, we will make him dance on red-hot stones, and flog him round
the town, and get some fun out of him that way, at all events; as
you don't look very likely to find us a new pastime, we may as well
begin with putting you on your death-dance."
"Don't make too sure of that!" said Fearless Johnny, not at all
disconcerted; "take me to your king, and I'll show you a diversion
you never heard of before."
When he came to the king, the king laughed, and would hardly listen
to him, because he looked so broad and heavy, and not at all like
one who could invent a merry game.
But Johnny protested that if they would let him cut off any one's
head, he would stick it on just as before, and the man should be
never the worse.
The king was greatly delighted with the idea, and most anxious to see
the performance, promising that he would not only let him go free if
he succeeded, but would load him with honours and presents into the
bargain. Zovanin professed himself quite ready to prove his skill,
but no one could be found who was willing to let the experiment be
tried on him.
This angered the king greatly; and at last he called forward his
jester, and ordered Zovanin to make the trial on him.
The jester, however, objected as much as any one else, only, as he
belonged entirely to the king, he could not disobey him. "But think,
your majesty," said the poor hunchback, "what will your majesty do
without his jester, if this quack does not succeed in his promises?"
"But I shall succeed!" thundered Fearless Johnny; and he spoke with
such assurance, that the king and all the people were more desirous
than ever to see the feat, and cried to him to commence. When the
jester found that all hope of wriggling out of the cruel decree was
vain, he threw himself on his knees, and begged so earnestly that
the king would grant him two favours, that he could not resist. The
two favours were, that he should have the satisfaction of repeating
the trick on Johnny, if he allowed him to try his skill on him, and
also that he should first give proof of what he could do on the ape,
with whose pranks he was wont to amuse the king.
The king and Zovanin both agreed to the two requests, and the poor
ape was brought forward, and delivered over to make the first essay.
Zovanin did not keep the breathless multitude long in suspense;
with one blow he severed its head, threw it up high in the air,
that all might see it was well cut off, and then placed it on again,
smearing in some drops of the dragon's blood by way of cement. The
head and trunk were scarcely placed together again, with the dragon's
blood between, than the ape bounded up as well as before, and just
as if nothing had been done to him; but, on the contrary, finding
himself the object of great attention, and excited by the shouts of
the people, he sprang and gambolled about from side to side with even
greater alacrity than his wont.
"Now, Sir Hunchback!" cried Zovanin, "it is your turn. You see it's
not very bad; so come along, and no more excuses."
"Go it, hunchback!" said the king; and all the people shouted, "The
hunchback's head! the hunchback's head!" with such vehemence that it
was evident there was no means of getting out of the trial. It was
true, Zovanin had proved he could put a head on again; but the jester
shrank from the cold steel nevertheless, and it was only with a look
which concentrated all his venom that he yielded himself up. Fearless
Johnny struck off his head in a trice, then threw it up high in the
air, as he had done the ape's, and then cemented it on again with
the dragon's blood as well as ever.
"Now for you!" screamed the hunchback, when he found his head back
in its right place once more.
Zovanin had no fear, but sat down on the ground instantly, so that
the hunchback might reach him more conveniently. "This is all you
have to do," he said: "take my sword in your two hands, and swing it
round across my throat. Then pour the contents of this vial over the
stump of the throat, and clap the head down on it again."
"Yes, yes! I think I ought to know how it's done, as well as you,"
answered the dwarf, hastily; and he swung the sword round with a will,
sending Johnny's head rolling at the king's feet. The people caught
it up and handed it round; and it might soon have got lost in the
crowd, but that the king shouted to them to bring it back, because he
wanted to see it stuck on again. So they gave it back to the jester,
and he smeared the rest of the dragon's blood over the stump of the
throat--but in putting the head on, took care to turn it the wrong
way, which, as he managed to bend over Johnny's recumbent body, no
one observed till he rose to his feet. Then all the people screeched,
and yelled, and shouted, so that John could not make out what was
the matter, but, getting angry, demanded his horse, that he might
ride away from them all.
The king ordered his horse to be brought, and Johnny sprang into the
saddle, and the cries of the people made the beast start away faster
even than Johnny himself wished; only Johnny could not make out why
he seemed to him, for all his urging, always to go backwards.
At last, he got quite away from the shouts of the people, into a
calm, quiet place, where there was a lake shut in by high hills,
which, with the mulberry-trees, and vines, and grassy <DW72>s, were
all pictured in the lake's smooth face.
Zovanin was hot with his ride, and so was his mount; so he walked
him into the shallow water, while he himself dismounted, and bent
down to drink.
At the sight that met his gaze in the water, a shout burst from his
lips more terrible than the shouts of all the people. He gazed again,
and couldn't think what had befallen him; but, so horrified was he
at the sight of his own back where he was wont to see his breast,
that he fell down and died of fear on the spot! And thus Fear visited
him at last--in a way which would certainly never have occurred, if
the jester had put his head on again in the way nature designed for it.
THE DOVE-MAIDEN.
In the days when heathenism still disputed the advance of Christianity
in Tirol, there lived a nobleman in a castle, of which no trace now
remains, overlooking the egg-shaped Lago di Molveno. The nobleman
and his family had embraced the teaching of St. Vigilius, and were
among his most pious and obedient disciples. Eligio, his eldest son,
however, had two faults which led him into great trouble, as our
story will show; but as he was of a good disposition, and was always
desirous to make amends for his wrong-doing, he found help and favour,
which kept him right in the main. His two faults were--an excess of
fondness for card-playing and an inclination to think he knew better
than his elders, which led him to go counter to good advice.
It so happened that whenever he played at cards he always won; and this
made it such a pleasure that he could not be persuaded to leave it off,
though he knew he was wasting all the time he ought to have devoted to
more manly pursuits. Nor was there for a long time any lack of people
to play with him, for every one said his luck must turn at last, and
each thought he should be the fortunate person in whose favour this
would happen. But when at last they found he still won, and won on,
they got shy of the risk, and refused to incur it any more.
When Eligio found this to be the case, he determined to travel abroad,
and play against strangers. His parents tried to make use of the
opportunity to lead him to break with his bad habit, but it was of
no avail, and, as experience is a good school, they agreed to let
him go forth and see what the world was made of.
It was a brave sight as he descended the terrace of the castle
accoutred in the noble array befitting his rank, and with a retinue
of followers handsomely attired too. But his lady mother watched him
depart with a boding heart, and then went into the chapel to pray
that he might be preserved amid all dangers.
Nothing particular occurred to mar the pleasure of travel for several
days, till he came to a large and fertile plain, studded with many
towns, whose white stone-built houses sparkled in the sun. "Ha! now
we come to life and human kind again!" cried Eligio; and putting spurs
to his steed he rode joyously to the first of these smiling towns. It
had no lofty towers, no heaven-pointing spires--nowhere was seen the
sign of the saving cross, which from boyhood he had been taught to
reverence and to see planted every where before him in consecration of
every affair of life. But there were sounds of mirth and revelry, as
of a perpetual feast, and all around the place was gay with dancers
and mummers, musicians, dice-throwers, and card-players. Eligio
wandered about till he saw a number of these making up a fresh party,
and courteously asked to be allowed to join them. They accepted his
company willingly, and fortune favoured him as usual. Again and again
he tried, and it was always the same. It was as much as his train
of followers, numerous as they were, could do to gather in and take
charge of all his gains. The stranger's unvarying luck became the
talk of the place, and all the people collected to see him play.
Towards evening there came amid the crowd a tall man of serious mien,
who, having watched his play with much attention, said to him, as
he saw him complete a game which gave him once more the benefit of
a considerable haul,--
"Truly, you are an expert player, young man; I had thought myself
hitherto the best of our countryside, but I doubt me if I should be
right to measure my skill with yours. However, you must be tired with
your long travel and with the excitement of the day's play, and if
you will honour my poor board with your presence at dinner I will ask
you afterwards to let me try my power against yours with the cards."
Eligio thanked him for his courteous speech, and assured him he should
have the greatest pleasure in doing as he wished.
The stranger then led him to his abode, which was appointed with a
sumptuousness such as had never entered into Eligio's dreams in his
mountain home. Marble courts and fountains, surrounded by bowers of
exquisite flowers, formed the approach, and then they passed beneath
endless-seeming arcades of polished marble into a vast alcove encrusted
with alabaster of many colours, the dim light only reaching through
its clear golden veins, no sound disturbing its still repose but
the cool murmur of a fountain which fed a marble lake. Here noiseless
attendants advanced, and, having helped Eligio and his host to undress,
afforded him a delicious bath, complete with ministrations of unguents
and scents--very different from the plunge into the icy waters of
the Lago di Molveno, which was his greatest luxury at home.
They now arrayed him in an entirely new suit of superb attire; and
then, to the sound of hushed music, led him and his host through
the arched corridors to a banqueting-hall, where every thing of the
choicest was ready laid.
Nothing could have been more delightful than the charming and
accomplished conversation of his hospitable entertainer, who, when the
long succession of various viands was at length exhausted, proposed
that they should repair to an upper room and commence their game.
Delighted as Eligio had been with his extraordinary entertainment,
he was yet burning to try his luck with his obliging host, and
accordingly followed him with alacrity to a divan spread on the roof,
having for its only covering a leafy pergola [93], and lighted by
lamps contrived with such art that they seemed to be the very bunches
of grapes themselves which gave the rays.
The cards were brought, and the friends set to work. The first game was
a long one; the host seemed to be in great fear of not succeeding, and
pondered every throw. Eligio played in his own rough-and-ready style,
expecting luck to come as it always had--he never troubled himself how.
But this time luck did not come to him, and his entertainer was the
winner! The stakes were large, but his hospitable friend had been so
urbane throughout, that he could not show any ill-will. His attendants
were called in, and paid the debt.
The winner put up the cards as though he did not wish to play again.
"Come, you must give me my revenge," said Eligio.
"Oh, certainly, if you wish it," he replied; and they played
again. This time Eligio paid more attention to his style, and
calculated every card he played; but it was of no use, he was beaten
again. Caring more for the disappointment than the loss, he saw the
money counted out without a sigh; but the unusual sense of having been
overcome rankled in his mind. He had offered to play high because it
seemed required by the princely character of the house where he had
been so sumptuously received; and of all the treasure he had brought
with him, and of all he had won through a day's undeviating luck,
there only remained enough to repeat the stakes. Nevertheless he
pledged the same sum once more, and they played again.
This time fortune seemed to have come back to him. All went right up
to the end; Eligio's heart felt lightened. So luck was coming back,
was it? He played with an interest which he had almost ceased to
find--but his adversary threw down his last card which reversed every
thing, and once more he was the winner!
Eligio called in his followers, and ordered them to pay out the
last farthing of his treasure; but even this distressed him less
than having nothing more to stake, whereby to have a chance of
retrieving his luck. "Let be," said his new friend, soothingly;
"perhaps to-morrow your luck will turn. Come down with me to supper,
and have a quiet night's rest, and think no more about the play."
"I can't rest, and I can't eat!" said Eligio; "I can do nothing till
my luck turns. I must stake something. Ah! there's my horse--but
that's not enough. Put along with it all my retainers. If I lose,
they shall be yours, and serve you."
"Since you insist, I have no objection," said his host. "My men
know their service well, and will not shame you if you win and I
have to render you an equal number of them; and for your horse,
I can match him, how good soever he may be, with the swiftest Arab
in the whole world."
Eligio sat down, hardly heeding his words, intent only on
re-establishing his success. But his pains were vain; the game went
against him like the last, and, scarcely mastering his vexation,
he called in his retainers and told them they had passed into the
service of the new master.
But this only left him in the same position as before. Still he wanted
to retrieve his fortune, and again he had no stake.
"Leave it for to-night," recommended his host; "better times will
come with the morrow." But Eligio would not hear of it; the passion
and excitement were too strong within him; he could not turn to
other thoughts.
"Myself! my life! that is all I have left to play. Will you accept
the wager of my life?"
"If you insist," replied his host, "I have no objection, but it is
an odd sort of play. I really never heard of such a thing before;
but any thing to oblige you--though I really advise you to leave it
till the morning, when you are cooler."
And all the time he was a magician of the heathen, who had invited
Eligio for the express purpose of bringing him to this strait; but,
as he saw how impetuous and excited he was, he knew that he would
but fall into his snare the more surely for whetting his ardour with
a little opposition.
Eligio would, indeed, listen to no mention of delay, and they sat
down and played--with the same result as before! His life was now
at the magician's disposal, and he stood in a desponding attitude,
waiting to hear what the magician decided to do with him.
As he stood there, however, a great cry rose in the room beyond--a
cry of a young maiden's voice in distress--and from under the usciale
[94] came running, in terror for its life, a sleek white rat, and
behind it, in close pursuit, a bouncing cat. "Save my rat! oh, save
my white rat!" cried the maiden's voice; and her steps approached
as if she would have run into the room after her pet. "Keep back,
child! keep back! Enter not, for your life!" cried the magician,
sternly; and nothing more was heard but the gentle maiden's sobs.
Quick as thought, however, Eligio had started from his despondent
attitude at the sound of her distressful voice, and with one blow had
stamped the life out of the treacherous cat. The little white rat,
freed from fear of its tormentor, returned softly to its mistress,
and an exclamation of joy was Eligio's reward.
"Who have you got there, father? Mayn't I come in and thank him?" said
the maiden, prettily pleading.
"On no account. Don't think of it!" was the magician's angry reply.
"Then you must do something for him instead. Ask him what he wants,
and do it for him, whatever it is."
"Very well, that'll do; go back to your own apartment," replied the
magician, impatiently.
"No, it won't do, like that. You don't say it as if you meant
it. Promise me you will give him something nice, and I will go. It's
only fair, for he has done me a great pleasure, and you mustn't
be ungrateful."
"It is enough reward, fair maiden, to hear from your sweet voice that
you are satisfied with me," Eligio ventured to say; but this made
the magician more angry, and, to ensure his daughter's departure,
he promised he would do as she wished, but forbade either of them to
speak a single word more to the other.
"I have promised my daughter to give you a good gift," he said,
when he had satisfied himself that she was gone to a distance;
"and under present circumstances I do not see that I can give you a
better boon than to grant you a year of the life which you have lost
to me. Go home and bid adieu to your friends, and be sure that you
are back here by this day year, or woe be to your whole house!"
Eligio now began to suspect that he had fallen into the power of
one of those against whom he had been often warned. No ordinary
mortal could have cared to win his life; no ordinary mortal could
have threatened woe on his whole house. But the more convinced he
felt of this, the more terrible he felt was the spell that bound him.
Sad and crestfallen he looked as he toiled his way back to the castle
on the Lago di Molveno, and very different from the brave order with
which he had started.
When his parents saw him all alone, and looking so forlorn, they knew
that his bad habit had got him into trouble, but he looked so sad
that they said nothing; but by little and little he told them all. It
was a year of mourning that succeeded that day; a year so sad that it
seemed no boon the maiden had procured him, but a prolonged torment,
yet when that thought came he spurned it from him, as ungrateful to
her who had meant him well. In fact his only solace was to recall that
clear, ringing voice so full of sympathy, and to picture to himself
the slender throat and rosy lips through which it must have passed,
the softly-blushing cheeks between which those lips must have been
set, and the bright, laughing, trusting eyes that must have beamed
over them, till he seemed quite to know and love her.
But then, again, of what use? was not his year nearly run out? Was
not her father determined they should not meet? Was it not a greater
torture to die knowing there was one left behind he might have loved,
than to have died that night alone, as he had been then?
Meantime the year was drawing to a close, and, not to give an
appearance of shrinking from his plighted word, Eligio started
betimes to render his life up to him who had won it of him. It was
a sad parting with his parents, but he held up through it bravely;
and when they advised him to take a large sum of money with him to
buy himself off, though he felt it would be of no use, he would not
say them nay, as he had so often done before.
With a heavy heart he set out; and first he stopped at the chapel
of St. Anthony, at the foot of the hill, where dwelt an old hermit,
to make his peace with heaven before he was called to lay down his
life. Then he rose and pursued his way.
As he journeyed farther he met a hermit coming towards him who he
thought was the same he had spoken with in the chapel. "Tell me,
father," he said, "how comes it that you, whom I left behind me in
the chapel, are now coming towards me on the road?"
"I am not the hermit whom you left behind you in the chapel," replied
the advancing figure, gravely. "But I have heard all you confided to
him, for I am St. Anthony; and because I am satisfied with the good
disposition I have observed in you, I am come to give you help."
Eligio fell on his knees full of thankfulness, for never had he felt
more in need of help than now.
"Something I know, my son, of the ways of these men who hunt the lambs
of our flock to destroy them, and I am minded to save you from the
one into whose power you have fallen, and with you the fair maiden
whose voice charmed you in his house."
Eligio started with joyful surprise, and clasped the saint's feet in
token of gratitude.
"She is not his daughter, as you have supposed," continued the saint,
"but a child of our people, whom he stole from us. And now you must
attend to my bidding, and do it exactly, or you will fail, and lose
her life as well as your own."
Eligio felt the reproach, for he knew how often he had preferred his
own way to the advice of his elders, but he was humble now in his
distress, and listened very attentively to the directions prescribed
to him.
"Continue this public road towards the city," then said St. Anthony,
"till you get to the last milestone; then count the tenth tree
that you pass on the right hand and the eleventh on the left hand,
and you will see a scarcely perceptible track through the brake to
the right. Follow that track till you come to a knoll of ilex-trees,
there lie down and rest; but to-morrow morning awake at daybreak and
lie in wait, and you shall see a flock of white doves come before
you. They will lay aside their feathers and hide them, but you must
watch them very closely, for they are the magician's daughters;
but among them will be she whom I commission you to deliver. You
must observe where she puts her feathers, for the maidens will all
then go away for the rest of the day in their own natural form. As
soon as they are gone, take her feathers from their hiding-place and
possess yourself of them. In the evening they will all come back and
resume their dove form and fly away, but your maiden will continue
seeking hers; then come forward and tell her that you want her help
to overcome the sorceries of the magician. Remember this well, my son,
and for the rest do as she bids you." So saying, the saint raised his
hands in blessing, and passed on his way to the chapel, where he had
to instruct the hermit in the conduct he had to pursue in the manifold
dangers with which he was surrounded from the malice of the heathen.
Eligio walked briskly along, once more filled with the hope and
energy incident to his youth and character. "Why should I count the
trees?" he said to himself; "surely, it will do if I look out for the
track when I come to the brake!" But the terrible warning he had had
was too recent that he should forget its lessons already. "Perhaps
it's better to keep to the letter. The saint laid great stress on
my doing exactly as he bid me; it is better to be on the safe side,
for another worthier life than mine is concerned with me, this time."
So he walked on steadily till he came to the last mile, and then
counted the trees conscientiously, till he found the path through
the brake, and made his way to the ilex grove, where he laid him down
and slept peacefully. But long before daybreak he was awake with the
anxiety not to be behindhand, and closely he watched for the arrival
of the enchanted doves.
With the first streaks of daylight they came flying, as the saint had
predicted, and, having flung off their covering of white feathers,
each sought out a snug place under the heather where to deposit
them. It required close watching, indeed, to make out which was
his maiden; but, as they all chatted together, after the manner of
maidens, Eligio knew he could trust himself to recognize her voice,
and, guided by that, he kept his eyes hard fixed on her whose tones
he recognized, that he might be sure to distinguish where she laid by
her disguise. It was not light enough to satisfy himself whether her
features corresponded with the idea he had built up in his own mind;
but the grace of her form, as she passed by in her simple white,
loosely-flowing dress, with a chaplet of roses for her only ornament;
only made him the more anxious to behold her face.
The maidens walked away, and Eligio took possession of the feathery
covering, which he laid up in his bosom as a precious token, and took
it out again and gazed at it, and kissed it, and laid it by again
a thousand times, for it was his only solace through the long day
of waiting.
At last evening came, and he resumed his post of observation. The
maidens returned; each sought out and resumed her dove's feathers and
flew away; only the one was left, seeking hers in vain. Then Eligio
came forward, and said, respectfully, "Fair lady, I know what it is
you seek, and I will help you to find it; but first promise to do me
a great favour."
The maiden started, for she too recognized his voice. Their eyes met,
and both owned, in the depth of their own hearts, that the other bore
the very image which for a year past their fancy had conjured up.
"That will I, willingly, good sir!" she replied, in her sweetest
tones; "for, an' I mistake not, I owe you a debt of gratitude before
to-day. The treacherous cat that you killed so opportunely was no cat,
but a cruel Angana [95]; and the white rat concerned me so nearly,
because it was no rat, but my dear nurse, whom the magician turned
into a rat when he stole me from my father's house. So believe if
I was not anxious to save her, and if I ought not to be grateful to
him who preserved her to me! so tell me, what can I do to help you,
and, whatever it may be, I will do it to the utmost of my power."
"St. Anthony appeared to me as I came along this way," rejoined Eligio,
"and he told me that you had been stolen from Christian parents and
brought up by this heathen mage, and that you would help me to get
out of his power; but he also seemed to say that I should have the
happiness of helping you to leave this dreadful abode, and restoring
you to Christendom."
"Said he so?" answered the maiden, with intense earnestness; "then
my heart did not deceive me when I first heard your voice: you are
indeed he with the thread of whose life mine is woven, and without
whom I could not be set free."
When Eligio heard that, he was full of gladness, and he said, "Let
us escape, then! What should prevent us from leaving this country
together? When I saw the magician before, the laws of hospitality
made him sacred to my sword; but now--now that I have learnt I have
a right to defend your life--I defy him, and all his arts!"
"You are brave, I see; and it is well," she replied; "but it is not
so you can discard his power. By your own error you gave him power
over you, and now you are his; you can only be free by his will."
"By his will!" cried Eligio, in despair; "then shall I never be free!"
"Art must be met by art," she continued. "His art is all round
you, though you see not its meshes; and by art we must bring him to
renounce his claim on you. Trust me, and I will show you how it is to
be done. He would force me to learn his arts when I begged him not,
and now I know many things which will serve us. I can see the threads
of his toils woven all around you; you cannot escape from them till
he speaks you free."
"Tell me, then, what I must do," said Eligio; and he mentally resolved
as he spoke, that he would this time implicitly obey what she told him.
She remained thinking for a time, as if reckoning out a problem. Then
she said, "For this first time I must act. On the fatal day you
must present yourself according to your oath. I will take care to
be with him when they tell him you are come; and when I hear your
name, I will plead, as I did before, that he should not sacrifice
you at once, but give you some hard trial in which, if you succeed,
he shall speak you free. To silence my importunity, he will agree
to this, intending to give you so hard a trial that you should not
succeed. But you come to me in my bower, cooing three times like a
dove, for a signal, at this same evening hour, and tell me what it
is, and I will find the means in my books to carry you through the
trial. So that, whatever he proposes to you, be not disconcerted,
but accept and undertake it with a good heart. And now, give me my
dove's feathers quickly, for already they will be questioning why I
am so long behind." And without waiting to let him take so much as
another gaze at her, she assumed her dove shape, and flew away.
The next day Eligio went, with a lighter heart than he had borne for
a long time past, to give himself up to the magician. The magician,
won over by the maiden's importunity, offered him his liberty on
condition of his performing successfully the difficult feat that he
should impose on him.
"Any thing you please to impose on me, I am ready to perform,"
replied Eligio.
The magician smiled, with a ghastly, sardonic smile, while he paused,
and tried to think of the most terrible trial he could impose.
"Since you were here last," he said, at length, "I have grown a little
deaf, and I am told that the only cure there is for me is the singing
of the phoenix-bird. The first thing you have to do is to find me
the phoenix-bird, that its singing may heal me."
"I will do my best; and hope I may be the means of curing your malady,"
said Eligio, courteously; but the magician, seeing him of such good
courage, began to fear he really might succeed, and added, hastily,
"But, mind, I only allow you three days for your search!"
"Three days are but little to find the phoenix-bird," replied Eligio;
"nevertheless, I will do my best;" and without waiting to listen to
any further restrictions, he started on his way, saying, "If I have
only three days, I have no time to lose."
At the approach of the evening hour Eligio found his way to his
maiden's bower, and having attracted her attention by cooing three
times like a dove, told her what was the trial the magician had
imposed.
"The phoenix-bird!" she said, and she looked rather blank; "he has
chosen a difficult task indeed. But wait a bit; I think I can find it
out;" and she went back and took down scroll after scroll, and turned
them over so long, that Eligio began to fear that she would not be able
to help him after all. At last she came back to him, looking grave.
"It is more difficult even than I thought," she said; "and three
days is but short time to do it in. You must start this night,
without losing a minute. Set out by the stony path outside the town,
and ride ahead till you come to a forest, where a bear will come out
upon you. The moment you see him, spring from your horse, and cut
its throat with your hunting-knife; but if you hesitate a moment
he will fall upon you, and devour you. If, however, you kill your
horse dexterously, as you will, the bear will be satisfied with its
flesh. You must wait standing by till he has eaten his fill, and watch
for the moment when he is about to turn away again, then spring on
his back, and he will take you to the castle where the phoenix-bird
is kept; but if you lose that particular moment, he will return to his
cave, and you will never have a chance of reaching the phoenix-bird!"
"Rely on me; your directions shall be punctually obeyed," said Eligio,
and he stooped to kiss her hand. But she would not allow this, and
told him he had not an instant to spare.
Eligio mounted his horse, and rode away over the stony path outside
the city, and pursued it all night, till at daybreak he reached the
thick forest, when a bear came out upon him; Eligio sprang deftly from
his horse, and plunging his hunting-knife into his throat, flung the
carcase across the path. The bear fell upon the dead horse, and Eligio
watched for the moment when he should have finished his repast; but,
as he was long about it, he thought to himself, "Why not jump upon him
at once? and then I shall be ready to start with him when he has done,
without so much anxiety about catching the right instant." So said,
so done; but the bear was not at all the docile animal he had expected.
"Don't disturb me when I'm feeding!" he growled, and shook our hero
off into a bed of nettles.
Eligio owned to himself he would have done better to follow the
directions of those wiser than he, and waited, with as much patience
as the stinging of the nettles would allow him, till the brute was
ready to start, and then made a bold leap on to his back, which made
him turn round.
"Well sprung, this time!" growled the bear; "and as you have managed
that part of the business so well I have no objection to do what
you require. But you must attend to what I have to tell you. Keep
your seat steadily, for I have to go swiftly; but speak not a word,
and when I bring you to the palace where the phoenix-bird is kept,
look not to the right hand or the left, but walk straight before
you, through terrace, and galleries, and corridors, till you come to
a dismal, deserted-looking aviary, where the phoenix-bird evermore
sits on his perch. Put this hood over him, and bring him away with
you; but listen not to the songs of the other birds all around, and,
above all, touch not the golden owl which sits in the shade above!"
Eligio promised to attend to all the bear told him, and took a firm
seat on his back. The bear bounded away with an awkward gait, but
Eligio was an accomplished cavalier, and was nothing daunted. After
many hours' rough riding, they came to a vast palace, which he
understood by the bear's halting was the abode of the phoenix-bird; so
he dismounted, and walked straight along the terraces, and galleries,
and corridors, till he came to a sorry aviary where a thousand birds
of gay plumage fluttered and chirped around. Faithful to his promise,
Eligio stopped to look at none of them; but walked straight up to
the perch of the phoenix-bird. When, however, he saw him, he began
to reason in place of obeying. "What can be the use of taking a
shabby old bird like that? he looks like a fowl plucked ready for
cooking! surely, some of these gay-plumaged birds are better worth
taking!" and then his eye caught the golden owl snugly ensconced
in the shady bower above. "Ah! that's a bird worth having, that is
now! that's worth coming a perilous journey for; something to be proud
of when you've got it! That's the bird for me!" and, springing upon
a ledge of rock, he threw the hood the bear had given him over the
head of the golden owl, and brought it down. He had scarcely touched
the golden owl, however, when the whole assemblage of other birds,
which had taken no notice of him before, suddenly began screeching
forth their highest notes. Their cries brought a crowd of servants,
who surrounded him and held him fast, while the lord of the palace
came down, and severely asked an account of his conduct.
Eligio told his story with a frankness which, in some measure,
conciliated the old lord; but the offence was too great to be passed
over. "The phoenix-bird," he said, "might have been taken by him who
had courage to take it after the prescribed manner; but the other
birds it was sacrilege to meddle with, and the golden owl he had been
expressly forbidden, of all others, to touch; and though he granted
him his life, he condemned him to perpetual durance." The servants
dragged him off to a deep dungeon, where he had nothing to do but to
bewail his folly.
Night fell around, and nothing could be more hopeless than his
position. His cell was hewn out of the earth; the iron door through
which he had been thrust had been made fast with bolts and chains,
and the only window which admitted the free air was strongly fitted
with iron bars.
Eligio was generous enough, in his utter desolation, to grieve more
over his unfulfilled mission and wasted opportunities, than over his
personal hardships. "Oh, my beautiful Dove-Maiden!" he exclaimed,
"shall I, then, never see you again? Must you be left for aye to
the power of the horrid pagan enchanter, because I, by my insensate
folly, have failed in restoring you to the brightness of the Christian
faith?" and when he thought of her fate, he wept again.
"St Anthony! St. Anthony!" he cried, a little after, "you befriended
me once; give me one chance again! This once but send me forth again
with the mission of liberating her, and then let me come back and
pass my life in penance; but let not her suffer through my fault!"
By a mechanical instinct he had placed himself near the window,
as the type of freedom to him, and now he thought he heard a low
grunt on the other side of it, close to his ear. The sound was not
melodious, but yet he fancied there was something friendly in its
tone. He raised himself up, and saw two white boar's tusks between
the bars. His solitude was so utter that even the visit of a wild boar
was a solace of companionship; but much greater was his pleasure when
he found that his uncouth visitor was grubbing up the earth round the
iron bars and the stones which held them, and had already loosened one.
"How now, good boar!" cried Eligio; "are you really come to release
me?"
"Yes," said the boar, as he paused for a moment to take breath;
"St. Anthony has heard you, and has sent me to give the fresh chance
you ask for; and if you this time but keep your promise, and do as you
are bid, he will not exact the performance of the lifelong penance
you offer to perform; but after you have released the Dove-Maiden,
you shall live with her the rest of your life in holy union and
companionship."
In a transport of delight Eligio set to work to co-operate with the
boar in unearthing the massive stanchions; and when they had loosened
three he was able to force himself through the narrow opening.
"Now return to the aviary," said the boar; "look neither to right nor
left, but bring away the phoenix-bird; and speak not a word, but mount
on my back, and I will carry you back to the city. But make all haste,
or the three days will have expired, and then all will be lost!"
This time Eligio followed his instructions implicitly, and got
back to the town just in time to present the magician with the
phoenix-bird before the expiring of his three days' grace. The
magician was surprised indeed to find he had been successful, but
could not recall his word, so he was forced to pronounce him free;
and Eligio immediately repaired to the Dove-Maiden to thank her for
her succour, and to ask what was next to be done to set her free too,
that they might go away together to Christian lands, and live for
each other in holy union.
"As for me," replied the maiden, blushing, "I shall be free by virtue
of your freedom when you have performed one trial well, and without
altering according to your own ideas the directions prescribed for
you. And now the first thing is, to obtain the release of my dear
nurse from the horrid form in which the magician has disguised her. To
keep her in that shape, she is forced to eat a live mouse every week;
and as nothing else is given her that she can eat, and as she is very
ravenous by the time the week comes round, she is forced to eat the
mouse. But if the mouse be killed by a sword consecrated to Christian
chivalry, and it is dead before she eats it, the spell will be broken,
and she will resume her natural form."
Eligio said this was an easy matter. She had only to tell him on what
day the feeding took place, and where.
"It has its difficulties, too," replied the Dove-Maiden; "for if
any blood of the mouse be spilt, the magician will know that I have
instructed you, and he will play us some bad turn. To prevent this,
you must cut the mouse in two by drawing your sword towards you;
then all the blood will be caught on the sword, and you must make the
rat lick it off afterwards." Then she showed him where the mouse was
brought, and told him to be on the watch at sunset that very night.
Sunset accordingly found Eligio in close watch, his sword ready
in his hand. But he thought, "As for how to use a sword, my pretty
Dove-Maiden knows nothing about that. Who ever heard of drawing a
sword towards one? Why, if any one saw me they would laugh, and say,
'Take care of your legs!' I know how to cut a mouse in two so quickly
that no blood shall be spilt; and that's all that matters." So, you
see, he would do it his own way; and the consequence was that three
drops of blood were spilt on the ground However, the white rat got
a dead mouse to eat instead of a live one, and immediately appeared
in her proper woman's form.
When Eligio went to visit the Dove-Maiden after this, she spoke no word
of reproach, but she told him she knew some trouble would befall them
in consequence of those three drops of blood. She could not tell what
it would be: they must do their best to provide against it when the
time came. The next thing he had to do was, to go by midnight to the
magician's stables under the rock, and take out thence the swiftest
horse in the whole world, and he was to know it by the token that it
was the thinnest horse he ever saw; its eyeballs and its ribs were
all that could be seen of it; and its tail was only one hair! This
he was to saddle and bring under her window; and then all three would
ride away on it together.
Eligio went down into the magician's stable under the rock by midnight,
and there he saw the lean horse, with his protruding ribs and eyeballs,
and whose tail was only one hair. But he said to himself, "My pretty
Dove-Maiden hasn't much experience in horseflesh; that can't be the
swiftest horse in the world. Why, it would sink to the ground with our
weight alone, let alone trying to move under us! That high-couraged
chestnut there, with the powerful shoulders--that is the horse to
hold out against fatigue, and put miles of distance behind you! I
think I know a good horse to go when I see one!" So he saddled the
high-couraged chestnut, and led it under the Dove-Maiden's window.
When she saw the stout chestnut instead of the lean horse, she could
not suppress a cry of disappointment.
"What have you done?" she said. "You have left the swiftest horse in
the world behind; and now the magician can overtake us, nor can we
escape him!"
Eligio hung his head, and stammered out a proposal to go and change
the horse. But she told him it was too late; the stable-door was only
open at midnight. He could not now get in till the next night; and
if they left their escape till then, the magician would find out the
disenchantment of the white rat, and from that suspect their scheme;
and would then surround them with such a maze of difficulties, that
it would take her years to learn how to solve them; whereas she had
promised St. Anthony to have nothing more to do with the books of
magic, but to burn them all, and go and live with a Christian husband,
far from all these things. There was nothing to be done, therefore,
but to start at once with their best speed, only keeping on the watch
for the pursuer, who would inevitably come.
Away went the high-couraged chestnut, with the speed of the wind,
and as if his threefold burden had been light as air. But how swiftly
soever he went, the lean horse was swifter; and before the end of
the second day's journey they saw, at no distance, his fire-darting
eyeballs and smoking ribs, and his tail of one hair stretched out
far behind.
When the Dove-Maiden saw the magician coming after them on this weird
mount, she called to her companions to jump down; and she turned
the horse into a wayside chapel of St. Anthony, and herself into a
peasant girl weaving chaplets on the grass outside.
"Have you seen a chestnut steed pass this way, with a young man and
maiden, pretty child?" said the magician, bending low over his horse's
neck to pat the peasant girl's cheek, but without recognizing her. The
Dove-Maiden started aside from his touch; but she answered,--
"Yes, good sir; they are gone into the chapel; and if you will go in,
there you will find them."
"Oh! I've got into the land of the Christians, have I?" said the
magician to himself. "I think I had better make the best of my way
home, and not trust myself there." So he mounted his fiery steed,
and rode away.
Then the Dove-Maiden restored herself and her companions to their
former shapes, and they soon reached home, where Eligio was received
with joyful acclamations by all. But to his intense surprise and
disappointment, his mother did not welcome his beautiful Dove-Maiden
with any thing like satisfaction.
"That is because of the three drops of the mouse's blood incautiously
spilt," she whispered, when he deplored it to her; "but I have a spell
against that also. Let me into your mother's room when she is asleep,
to-night, and I will anoint her eyes with an ointment with shall make
her look on me for ever after with a loving glance. It was done as
she said, and next morning Eligio's mother received her lovingly to
her arms as a daughter.
After this, the Dove-Maiden burnt her magic books, and her nuptials
with Eligio were celebrated with great rejoicings throughout the
valley. They lived together for the rest of their days, in holy union,
and the poor Christians of the whole countryside blessed their charity.
KRISELDA.
Long, long ago, in the days when the light of Christian teaching yet
struggled with the gloom of heathendom, there lived in the Edelsitz of
Ruggburg, by Bregenz, a most beautiful maiden--Kriselda by name. So
fair she was that, from far and near, knights and nobles came to ask
her hand; but though she was not proud or haughty, she would have
none of them, because there was not one of them all that came up to
her expectations. It was not that she said they were not good enough
for her, but high or noble, or rich or renowned, as they might be,
they all failed to satisfy her longings; and with gentle words and
courteous demeanour, she dismissed them all. And yet she looked out
with hope, too, that the next should supply the bright ideal of her
heart; but when that other came he always still fell short of what
she had imagined.
One evening she went out to walk amid the dark pines, where the golden
light of the setting sun gleamed between their bare stems. At the
foot of one of them lay a poor wayworn beggar woman, fainting with
hunger and fatigue.
Kriselda was full of compassion for her sad state, and sent her maidens
to fetch restoratives, and ministered them to her with her own hands.
But the beggar woman, instead of cringing with gratitude and surprise
at the interest the noble lady had shown in her, was no sooner able
to speak than she reproached her bitterly.
"It is well for you," she said, "who live daintily, and have your
will every day, now and then to show a little charity for those who
suffer! but what is it, think you, to suffer every day, and to have
your own will never?"
"It must be very sad!" said Kriselda, compassionately; "that is not
your case, I hope?"
"How can you know it is sad? How can you hope any thing about
it?" retorted the beggar woman, sternly; "you who know not what it
is to suffer. Believe me, it is not fine clothes and a grand palace,
a beautiful face, or deeds of fame which make one great. Those to whom
all these things appertain are, for the most part, little worth. To do
well is so easy to them, that what merit have they to boast? The truly
great is one who suffers, and yet does well; who goes through toil
and travail, sorrow and grief, and bears it in silence, and in secret,
and has no fame and no praise of men to sound sweetly in his ears."
Kriselda listened to her words full of excitement, for it seemed as
if a chord in her heart had been touched which none had ever reached
before. And the picture the old beggar woman had drawn was nearer
her mind's bright ideal than any image she had approached heretofore.
"What, then, is this same travail and grief?" she asked, with
simplicity.
"If you really desire to know with good desire," answered the beggar
woman, "take this end of a hank of yarn, and follow its leading,
winding it up as you go along, till you come to the bobbin, where it
is made fast; and when you arrive there you will know what travail
and grief are. But you must go forth alone."
Kriselda dismissed all her maidens, and taking the yarn, cheerfully
followed the steep path through which it led. On it led her, and on
and on. Her light garments were rent by the thorns and briars, and
her hands and delicate cheeks too; her feet were cut by the stones of
the way, and her knees began to tremble with fatigue. Darkness fell
around, and loneliness crept over her, with fear, for she had never
been in the forest by night alone before; but still the yarn led on,
and on, and it was thick night before she reached the bobbin, where
it was made fast.
When she reached the place a dim light gleamed around, and in the
midst of the dim light a Kreuzstoecklein [96]: and on the cross,
One fairer than the sons of men, but wan and wayworn, even as the
fainting beggar woman; His brow rent by thorns, even as her own;
His knees bent with weariness; His body wasted by want.
But in His face the majesty and sweetness she had sought so long;
the perfect ideal of her heart, which none who had approached her
had ever presented before.
"This, then, is He for whom my soul longed!" she cried, and clasped
her hands. "I have found Him, and will not leave Him more! But who
is He? what does He here? and is it He who knows travail and grief?"
"In truth, have I known travail and grief!" He sighed, and the silvery
tones of His plaintive voice filled her with unutterable joy; "and,
in truth, must all those who would abide with Me know travail and
grief too!"
She strained her ears that she might hear those sweet notes again, but
she listened in vain; only its echoes seemed to live on in her heart,
as though they would never die there. But without, there was no sound,
save of the terrible Foehn [97] moaning through the tall black pines,
and drifting round her masses of heaped-up snow, which had long lain
by the wayside. Even the Kreuzstoecklein she saw no more, nor the dim
light, nor knew how to find the way home. All alone, with terror only
for her companion, she stood and wondered what that cross could mean,
and who He could be who hung thereon. Soon she ceased to wonder,
for numbness crept over her, and unconsciousness which was not sleep.
When she opened her eyes again the grey light of morning had fallen
around, and there was a sound as of men in deadly combat. A terrible
sound, yet less terrible than the deathly stillness of the night.
It was a hermit and a giant who strove, as men who give no quarter,
and yet neither prevailed against the other. The giant was accoutred in
burnished steel; and his polished weapons flashed with angry fire. The
hermit bore no arms--or rather, those he bore were invisible, for when
he wielded them you saw the giant shrink, though you saw not the blow;
and, in like manner, many a stroke of the giant's sword was harmlessly
warded off, though no shield was seen.
"Wherefore fight you so furiously?" said Kriselda, at length. "Put
up your arms, and be at peace."
"We fight for you, fair maiden!" said both, speaking together.
"For me!" cried Kriselda.
"Yes, even for you," said the giant; "anon you were lying here asleep,
and I would have carried you to rule over my castle, when up started
this puny man in brown, and dared me to lay finger on you; and till
you have pronounced which of us you approve, neither can prevail. Say
only one word, and I will hurl him down the cliff, like this pebble,
with one spurning of my foot; and you shall come and reign with me
in my castle, where I will fulfil your every desire."
A brave enthusiasm kindled his eye as he spoke; his well-knit frame,
terrible in its strength, was bowed to hear her word; and his arms,
anon so furiously raised, were now folded before her, seemingly
awaiting his life to be rekindled at her lips.
Kriselda looked at him, and met his rapt gaze, and asked herself
was there not here the strength, the majesty, the nobility, her soul
had desired. Almost she had spoken the word he craved. But first she
addressed the hermit.
"And you--why measured you your strength with him for my sake?"
"Because," said the hermit, meekly, "I am the servant of Him who knows
travail and grief; because you have lifted up your eyes to Him, and to
all such He sends help, that they may be strengthened to follow Him."
Then the dim light seemed once more present to Kriselda's mind, and
she recalled the Kreuzstoecklein, and the majesty and beauty of Him who
hung thereon; and the musical tones of His plaintive voice which said,
"Truly I have known travail and grief; and all they who would abide
with Me must know grief and travail too!"
The giant's nobility paled before the thought; she looked at him
again, and his strength and his power had lost their charm, for the
image of One stronger than he was present to her mind. Then she turned
and followed the hermit, and said, "Where is He whom I seek? Take me
to Him."
The hermit raised his hand and beckoned her to follow still higher
up the steep path.
But the giant was forced to sheathe his sword and to depart alone;
Kriselda had spoken, and he knew he could not prevail against the
hermit contrary to her will. He turned away sorrowful, casting in his
mind who it could be whose attractions were more powerful on Kriselda
than his own; and as he walked he determined he would not sleep
or eat till he had found out Him who hung upon the Kreuzstoecklein,
and knew travail and grief.
Kriselda, meantime, followed the hermit to where the crystal brook
flowed, and there he signed her with the token of Him who knew travail
and grief. Then he took her to where other maidens dwelt who loved
that same ideal; and there she lived many years, waiting for the time
when the hermit promised her she should be united with Him for ever.
That day came at last; and she called her sisters round her, and told
them the joy of her soul. Already she saw a dim light, as on that
first night under the black pines, and she knew it was the dawn of
the bright unending day, and the soft voice that had spoken to her
there was calling to her to come to Him.
But when they carried her earthly form out to burial, they found one
already lying in the grave. It was the giant, who had journeyed thus
far, and had there laid him down and died in the place where Kriselda
should be laid; and he held, clasped to his breast, the Kreuzstoecklein
of the black pine-forest.
THE GOLDEN PEARS.
There was once a poor peasant of Buers who had nothing in the world
but three sons, and a pear-tree that grew before his cottage.
But as his pears were very fine, and the Kaiser was very fond of them,
he said to his sons one day, that he would send the Kaiser a basket
of them for a present.
So he plaited a nice Krattle [98] and lined it with fresh leaves,
and laid the pears on them, and sent his eldest son with it to make
a present to the Kaiser, giving him strict charge to take care and
not let any one rob him of them by the way.
"Leave me alone, father!" replied the boy; "I know how to take care
of my own. It isn't much any one will get out of me by asking; I can
find as good an answer as any one."
So he closed up the mouth of the basket with fresh leaves and went
out to take the pears to the Kaiser.
It was autumn, and the sun struck hot all through the midday hours, and
at last coming to a wayside fountain, he sat down to drink and rest.
A little doubled-up old woman was washing some rags at the same
fountain, and singing a ditty all out of tune. "A witch, I'll be
bound!" said the boy to himself. "She'll be trying to get my pears,
by hook or by crook, but I'll be even with her!"
"A fair day, my lad!" said the little old wife; "but a heavy burden
you have to carry. What may it be with which you are so heavily laden?"
"A load of sweepings off the road, to see if I can turn a penny by
it," replied the boy, in a moody tone, intended to arrest further
questioning.
"Road-sweepings?" repeated the hag, incredulously. "Belike you don't
mean it?"
"But I do mean it," retorted the boy.
"Oh, well, if you mean it, no doubt it is so. You will see when you
get to your journey's end!" and she went on washing and singing her
ditty that was all out of tune.
"There's mischief in her tone," said the boy to himself, "that's
clear. But at all events I'm all right: I haven't even let her look
at the fruit with her evil eye, so there's no harm done." But he felt
perplexed and uneasy, so it was no good taking rest, and he went on
to the end of his journey.
Though he was only a country lad, the Kaiser was so fond of pears that
he had only to say he had brought some to obtain immediate admittance
to his presence.
"You have brought me some pears, have you, my boy?" said the Kaiser,
in a tone of satisfaction; and he licked his lips with pleasurable
expectation.
"Yes, your majesty; and some of the finest golden pears in your
majesty's whole empire."
The Kaiser was so delighted to hear this that he removed the covering
of leaves himself. But proportionately great was his fury when he
found that under the leaves was nothing but offensive sweepings off
the road! The attendants who stood by were all equally indignant,
and waited not for an order from the Kaiser to carry the boy off to
close prison, in punishment for so great an insult as he appeared to
have offered.
"It is all that old hag by the fountain," he said to himself, the first
day and the second; but when the penitential discipline of the prison
led him to think more closely over his own conduct, he acknowledged
that he had himself been in the wrong in telling a falsehood.
Meantime, his father, finding he did not return, said to his other
sons, "You see what it is to be as wide-awake as your elder brother;
he has obviously taken care of his basket of golden pears, and so
pleased the Kaiser that he has given him some great office near his
person, and made him a rich man."
"I am just as sharp as he," said the second brother: "give me a Krattle
of the pears, and let me take them to the Kaiser, and become a rich
man too; only I won't keep it all for myself. I will send for you,
and make you a rich man too."
"Well said, my son," replied the father; "for I have worked hard for
you all my life, and it is meet that in my old age you should share
your ease, which I helped you to attain, with me."
And as the season for pears had just come round again, he plaited
another Krattle, like the first, and lined it with fresh leaves,
and laid in it a goodly show of the golden pears.
The second son took the basket, and went his way even in better spirits
than his elder brother, for he had the conviction of his success to
encourage him. But the sun was as hot as it had been the previous year,
and when, in the middle of the third day, he came to the fountain by
the wayside he was glad to sit down to rest and refresh himself.
The doubled-up old woman stood washing her rags at the fountain and
singing her ditty all out of tune. She stopped her croaking, however,
to ask him the same question as she had asked his brother; and,
as he and his brother had agreed together on what they considered
a clever answer, he now gave her the same, which she received by
repeating the menace she had ejaculated the first time. And when he
brought his basket to the Kaiser it also was found to be filled with
street-sweepings instead of pears! With even more of indignation they
hurried him off to prison, putting him in the next cell to his brother.
Meantime the year was wearing away, and the promised tidings of good
fortune not reaching the father, he got very uneasy. The third son
had no pretension to the sharpness his brothers boasted. He was a very
dull boy, and often had to endure being laughed at by the others for
his slow parts.
"What a pity it is you are so heavy and stupid!" his father now would
often say. "If I only dared trust you, how glad I should be to send
you to see what has befallen your brothers!"
The lad was used to hear himself pronounced good-for-nothing,
and so he did not take much notice of these observations at first,
but seeing his father really in distress, his affectionate heart was
moved, and he one day summoned courage to say he would go and see if
he could not find his brothers.
"Do you really think you can keep yourself out of harm's
way?" exclaimed his father, glad to find him propose to undertake
the adventure.
"I will do whatever you tell me," replied the lad.
"Well, you shan't go empty-handed, at all events," said the
father. And, as the pears were just ripe again, he laid the choicest
of the year's stock in another Krattle, and sent him on his way.
The boy walked along, looking neither to right nor left, but with his
heart beating, lest he should come across the "harm" out of the way
of which he had promised to keep himself. All went smoothly, however,
except that he got terribly scorched by the sun, and when he reached
the fountain, he was glad to sit down to rest and refresh himself.
The old wife was washing her rags in the water, and singing, as she
patted the linen, a ditty all out of tune. "Here comes a third of those
surly dogs, I declare!" she said to herself, as she saw him arrive
with another lot of the magnificent pears. "I suppose he'll be making
game of me too--as if I didn't know the scent of ripe golden pears from
road-sweepings! a likely matter! But if they enjoy making game of me, I
have a splendid revenge to enjoy upon them, so I oughtn't to complain."
"Good-morrow, little mother!" said the boy, in his blunt way, ere
he sat down, at the same time not omitting to doff his cap, as he
had been taught, because she happened to be old and ugly--matters of
which he had no very nice appreciation.
"He's better mannered than the other louts, for all he doesn't look so
bright-faced," said the hag to herself; and she stopped her discordant
song to return his greeting.
"May I sit down here a bit, please, good mother? asked the boy,
thinking in his simplicity the fountain must belong to her.
"That you may, and take a draught of the cool water too," replied
the dame, wondrously propitiated by his civility.
"And what may it be with which you are so laden, my pretty boy?" she
continued. "It ought to be a precious burden to be worth carrying so
far as you seem to have come. What have you in your Krattle?"
"Precious are the contents, I believe you," replied the simple boy; "at
least, so one would think from the store my father sets by them. They
are true golden pears, and he says there are no finer grown in the
whole kingdom; and I am taking them to the Kaiser because he is very
fond of them."
"Only ripe pears, and yet so heavy?" returned the old wife; "one
would say it was something heavier than pears. But you'll see when
you come to your journey's end."
The boy assured her they were nothing but pears, and as one of his
father's injunctions had been not to lose time by the way, he paid
the old dame a courteous greeting and continued his journey.
When the servants saw another peasant boy from Buers come to the
palace with the story that he had pears for the king, they said,
"No, no! we have had enough of that! you may just turn round and go
back." But the poor simple boy was so disappointed at the idea of
going back to be laughed at for not fulfilling his message, that he
sank down on the door-step and sobbed bitterly, and there he remained
sobbing till the Kaiser came out.
The Kaiser had his daughter with him, and when she saw the boy sobbing,
she inquired what ailed him; and learnt it was another boy from Buers
come to insult the Kaiser with a basket of road-sweepings, and asked
if they should take him off to prison too.
"But I have got pears!" sobbed the boy; "and my father says there
are no finer in the empire."
"Yes, yes; we know that by heart. That's what the others said!" replied
the servants, jeering; and they would have dragged him away.
"But won't you look at my pears first, fair lady? the pears that I
have brought all this long way for the Kaiser? My father will be so
sorry!" for he was too ignorant to feel abashed at the presence of
the princess, and he spoke to her with as much confidence as if she
had been a village maiden.
The princess was struck by the earnestness with which he spoke, and
decided to see the contents of his basket. The moment he heard her
consent, he walked straight up with his Krattle, quite regardless of
the whole troop of lacqueys, strong in the justice of his cause.
The princess removed the covering of leaves, and discovered that what
he had brought were golden pears indeed, for each pear, large as it
was, was of solid shining metal!
"These are pears indeed worthy to set before the Kaiser!" she said,
and presented them to her father.
The Kaiser was pleased to see his favourite fruit so splendidly
immortalized, and ordered the pears to be laid up in his cabinet of
curiosities; but to the boy, for his reward, he ordered that whatever
he asked should be given.
"All I want is to find my two brothers, who hold some great office
at court," said the boy.
"Your brothers hold office in prison, if they are those I suspect,"
said the Kaiser, and commanded that they should be brought. The boys
immediately ran to embrace each other; and the Kaiser made them each
recount all their adventures.
"You see how dangerous it is to depart from the truth!" he said,
when they had done. "And never forget that, with all your cleverness,
you might have remained in prison to the end of your days but for
the straightforward simplicity of him you thought so inferior to
yourselves."
Then he ordered that the tree which brought forth such excellent
pears should be transplanted to his palace; and to the father and
his three sons he gave places among his gardeners, where they lived
in plenty and were well content.
HOW THE POOREST BECAME THE RICHEST [99].
There was once a poor peasant, named Taland, who lived in a poor
cottage in the Walserthal, a valley of Vorarlberg. He was as poor
in wits as in fortune, so that he was continually making himself the
laughing-stock of his neighbours; yet, as he possessed a certain sort
of cunning, which fortune was pleased to favour, he got on better in
the long run than many a wiser man.
Plodding along steadily, and living frugally, Taland, in process of
time, laid by enough money to buy a cow; and a cow he bought without
even stopping to consider that he had no means of pasturing it.
The cow, however, provided for that by her own instinct; there were
plenty of good pastures in the neighbourhood, and the cow was not
slow to discover them. Wherever the grass was freshest and sweetest,
thither she wandered, and by this token Taland had no difficulty in
finding her out at milking time; and in the whole country round there
was no sleeker or better-favoured animal.
But the neighbours at whose expense she fed so well in course of
time grew angry; and finding remonstrance vain, they met together and
determined to kill the cow; and, that none might have to bear the blame
of killing her more than another, every one of them stuck his knife
into her. By this means, not only was poor Taland's cow destroyed,
but even the hide was riddled with holes, and so rendered useless.
Nevertheless, Taland skinned his cow, and plodded away with the hide
to the nearest tanner, as if he had not the sense to be conscious
that it was spoilt. The tanner was not at home, but his wife was able
to decide without him, that there was no business to be done with
such goods, and she sent him away with a mocking laugh, bidding him
remember she dealt in hides, and not in sieves.
Taland, however, had come a long way, and having no money to buy food,
he begged so piteously for a morsel of refreshment, that the good wife
could not refuse, and having spread a table before him with good cheer,
went on about her business.
Taland, delighted with the spread, determined to do justice to it;
and as he sat and ate he saw the tanner's son, an urchin full of
tricks, hide himself, while his mother's back was turned, in an old
corn-bin which stood before the door. He went on eating and drinking,
and watching the corn-bin, and still the boy never came out, till
at last, he rightly judged, he had fallen asleep. Meantime, having
finished his meal, he turned to take leave of the tanner's wife; and
then, as he went away, he said, quite cursorily, "If you have no use
for that old corn-bin yonder--it's just the thing I want--you may as
well give it to me, and you won't have sent me away empty-handed."
"What! you want that lumbering, rotten old corn-bin?" cried the
tanner's wife; and she laughed more heartily than even at the riddled
cow-hide. "And you would carry it all the way home on your shoulders?"
The peasant nodded a stupid assent, without speaking.
"Then take it, pray, and be welcome; for I just wanted to get rid of
the unsightly old rubbish!"
Taland thanked her, and loaded the chest on his shoulder, but
carefully, lest he should wake the child too soon. And carefully
he continued to walk along with it till the tan-yard was left far,
far out of sight. Then he stopped short, and, setting the corn-bin
down with a jerk calculated to wake its inmate, he holloaed out,--
"I be going to fling the old corn-bin down the precipice!"
"Stop, stop! I'm inside!" cried the child, but with a tone of
conviction that he had only to ask, to be let out. This was not
Taland's game, who wanted to give him a thorough frightening; so he
shouted again, taking no heed of the child's voice,--
"I be going to fling the old corn-bin down the precipice!"
"Stop! stop! I tell you; I'm inside it!" repeated the boy, in a louder
tone, thinking he had not made himself heard before.
"Who be you? and what be you to me?" replied Taland, in a stupid
tone of indifference. "I be going to chuck the old corn-bin down
the precipice."
"Oh, stop! for heaven's sake, stop!" screamed the now really affrighted
child; "stop, and spare me! Only let me out, and mother will give
you ever such a heap of gold!"
"It's a long way back to 'mother,'" replied the peasant,
churlishly. "I'd much rather chuck the old thing over, and have done
with it. You're not worth enough to repay the trouble."
"Oh, but I am though!" answered the boy, in a positive tone. "There's
nothing mother wouldn't give to save my life, I know!"
"What would she give, d'you think? Would she give five hundred
thalers, now?"
"Ay, that she would!"
"Well, it's a longsome way; but if you promise I shall have five
hundred thalers, I don't mind if I oblige you."
"You shall have them, safe enough, never fear!"
On this promise, Taland took the boy home, and made up a story of his
surprise at finding him at the bottom of the old chest, and how hardly
he had saved his life. The mother, overjoyed at the idea of her son
being restored to her under such circumstances, readily counted out
the five hundred thalers, and sent Taland home a richer man than when
his fortune consisted of a cow.
Elated with his good fortune, our hero determined to have a bit of
fun with his spiteful neighbours, and accordingly sat himself down
in an arbour, where there was a large round table, in front of the
Wirthshaus, and spreading his heap of gold before him, amused himself
with counting it out. Of course the sight attracted all the peasants
of the place, who were just gathering for a gossip on their way home
from work.
"And where did you get such a heap of gold from?" asked a dozen
excited voices at once.
"From the sale of the cow-hide, to be sure," replied Taland, in an
inanimate voice.
"What! the cow-hide all riddled with holes?" vociferated his
interlocutors, in a chorus of ridicule.
"To be sure; that's just what made it so valuable," persisted Taland,
confidently.
"What! the tanner gives more for a hide all full of holes than for
a sound one?"
"What's the use of asking so many silly questions?" returned the
imperturbable peasant "Do you see the money? and should I have
got such a sum for an ordinary cow-hide? If you can answer these
two questions of mine, you can answer your own for yourselves;"
and gathering up his gold, he walked away with a stolid look which
defied further interrogations.
The village wiseacres were all struck with the same idea. If riddled
cowhides fetched five hundred thalers apiece, the best way to make a
fortune was to kill all the cows in the commune, pierce their skins all
over with holes, and carry them to the tanner. Every one went home to
calculate what he would make by the venture; and the morning was all
too long coming, so eager were they to put their plan into execution.
Taland, having now plenty of money, had nothing to do next day but to
dress himself in his feast-day clothes and play at dominoes in the
Bier-garten; but though this was a favourite enjoyment, far sweeter
was that of observing the running hither and thither of his spiteful,
mocking neighbours, slaughtering their sleek kine--the provision of
their future lives--skinning them, and destroying the very skins out
of which some small compensation might have been earned.
Taland hardly knew how to contain his inclination to laugh, as he saw
them caught in his trap so coarsely baited; and the good landlord,
as he saw the irrepressible giggle again and again convulse his stupid
features, thought that the gain of the five hundred thalers had fairly
turned his weak head.
The peasants had gone off to the tan-yard with their riddled cow-hides,
merrily shouting and boasting; and Taland sat at home, drinking
and laughing. But it was a different story by-and-by. There was a
sound like the roar of a wild beast, which stopped even Taland's
inclination to laugh, and made him shrink in his chair. It was the
lament of the long file of peasants returning from the tan-yard from
their bootless errand, filling the air as they went along with yells
of fury at their ruin, and imprecations and threats of vengeance on
him who had led them into the snare.
Taland had meant to have had his laugh over their discomfiture,
but finding them in this mood, he thought his wisest course was to
keep out of their sight, lest they should take summary vengeance on
him. So he found a corner to hide himself in; and he thus overheard
their debate on the means of punishing their deceiver.
"He's such shifts for getting out of every thing, that one doesn't
know where to have him," said the noisiest speaker; and the rest
re-echoed the sentiment.
"Ay; it'll never do to let him get scent of what we're up to!"
"But how to avoid it?"
"Take him asleep."
"Ay; take him when he's asleep; that's the way!"
"Go up the stairs and rattle at his window, and when he comes out,
knock him on the head!"
"And every one have a go at him, as we did at his cow."
"That's the plan!"
"And the sooner the better."
"This very night, before we go to bed!"
"To be sure; we won't sleep tamely upon such an affront."
"No; we'll make an end of it, that we will!"
"And it's time we did."
"Another day would be unbearable!"
"Another hour is bad enough; but we must keep quiet till he's well
asleep."
"Yes; there's nothing to be done till midnight."
"We'll meet again at midnight, then."
"All right; we shall all be there!"
"Good-bye, then, till midnight!"
"Good-bye, till midnight; good-bye!"
They all spoke at once, and the whole dark plan was concocted in a
few minutes; then they dispersed to their homes with resolute steps.
Taland listened to the sound with beating heart, and as soon as
silence once more prevailed, he stole stealthily homewards.
His wife was sitting over her spinning-wheel.
"I've caught a cold wearing these holiday clothes out of their turn,"
said Taland; "will you do me the favour to sleep in the window-sill,
and keep that flapping shutter close, good wife?"
"With all my heart," responded the compliant spouse; and thus disposed,
they went to rest.
At midnight the villagers came, faithful to their appointment, in a
strong body, and mounted the stairs [100] as quietly as might be. The
foremost pushed open the shutter, and exclaimed, "Why, here's the
old idiot lying ready for us, across the window-sill!"
"Then we're spared the trouble of hunting for him," exclaimed the next.
"So here goes!" cried all together; and they showered their blows on
the devoted body of the old wife, while Taland, comfortably enveloped
in his coverlet, once more laughed at the success of his deceit,
and the discomfiture of his foes.
Towards morning he rose, and taking up the dead body, placed it in
a chair, and bore it along, together with the old spinning-wheel,
a good distance down the high road; and there he left it, while he
sat behind a bush to see what would happen.
Presently a fine lord came along the road driving a noble chariot.
"Holloa, good woman! get out of the way!" shouted the lord, while yet
at a considerable distance; for he thought the old woman was silly,
spinning in the roadway. But the corpse moved not for his shouting.
"Holloa! holloa, I say! you'll be killed! move, can't you?" he cried,
thinking she was deaf, and hadn't heard his first appeal. But still
the corpse moved not.
"Get out of the way! get out of the road! can't you?" at last fairly
screamed the lord; for, never dreaming but that the woman would move
in time, he had not reined in his fiery steeds--and now it was all
too late! On one side went the old lady in the chair, and on the
other side the fragments of the spinning-wheel, while the chariot
dashed wildly on between them.
"What have I done?" said the lord, alighting from his chariot as soon
as he could stop, and looking round him in wild despair.
"Why, you've run over and killed my old mother! that's what you've
done!" said Taland, emerging from his hiding-place. "And now you must
come with me before the judge."
"Really, I meant no harm," pleaded the good lord; "I called to her to
get out of the way, and I couldn't help it if she was deaf. But I'll
make you what compensation you like. What do you say to accepting my
chariot full of gold, and the horses and all, to drive home with?"
"Why, if you say you couldn't help it, I suppose you couldn't," replied
Taland. "I don't want to hurt you; and since you offer fair terms,
I'm willing to accept your chariot full of gold, and the horses to
drive it home. I'll square the account to your satisfaction."
So the lord took him home to his castle and filled up the chariot
with gold, and put the reins in his hands, and sent him home richer
and merrier than if the neighbours had never attempted his life.
When these same envious neighbours, however, saw him coming home in the
chariot full of gold, driving the prancing horses quite gravitetisch
[101], they knew not what to make of it. And that, too, just as they
were congratulating themselves that they had made an end of him!
"It must be his ghost!" they cried. There was no other way of
accounting for the reappearance. But as he drove nearer, there was
no denying that it was his very self in flesh and blood!
"Where do you come from? where did you get all that heap of money
from? and what story are you going to palm off on us this time?" were
questions which were showered down on him like hail.
Taland knew how easily they let themselves be ensnared, and that the
real story would do as well this time as any he could make up, so he
told them exactly what had happened, and then whipped his horses into
a canter which dispersed them right and left, while he drove home as
gravitetisch as before.
Nor was he wrong in expecting his bait to take. With one accord the
peasants all went home and killed their wives, and set them, with their
spinningwheels before them, all along the road. Of course, however,
no lucky chance occurred such as Taland's--no file of noblemen driving
lordly chariots, and silly enough to mistake the dead for the living,
came by; and while Taland was rich enough to marry the best woman in
the place, they had all to bury their wives and live alone in their
desolated homes.
To have been so tricked was indeed enough to raise their ire; and the
only consolation amid their gloom was to meet and concoct some plan
for taking signal and final vengeance. This was at last found. They
were to seize him by night, as before; but this time they were not
to beat him to death in the dark, but keep him bound till daylight,
and make sure of their man, then bind him in a sack and throw him
over the precipice of the Hoch Gerach.
As Taland was not by to overhear and provide against the arrangement,
it was carried out to the letter this time; and all tied in a sack
the struggling victim was borne along in triumph towards the Hoch
Gerach. They had already passed the village of St. Gerold, and the
fatal gorge forced through the wall of living rock by the incessant
world-old wear of rushing torrents was nearly reached. Taland,
paralyzed with fear and exhaustion, had desisted from his contortions
for very weariness.
The Haeusergruppe [102] of Felsenau, standing like a sentinel on guard
of the narrow hollow, had yet to be passed. It was near midday, and
the toil of the ascent had been great. Not one of the party objected
to take a snatch of rest and a sip of brandy to give them courage to
complete the deed in hand.
While they sat drinking in the shade of the cottage which stood
Felsenau in lieu of a Wirthshaus, Taland was left lying on a grassy
bank in the sun. About the same time a goatherd, driving his flock into
Bludenz to be milked, came by that way, and seeing the strangely-shaped
sack with something moving inside, arrested his steps to examine into
the affair. Taland, finding some one meddling with the mouth of the
sack, holloaed out,--
"List'ee! I'll have nothing to do with the princess!"
"What princess?" inquired the goatherd.
"Why, the princess I was to marry. B'aint you the king?"
"What king?" again asked the goatherd, more and more puzzled.
"I can't talk while I'm stifled in here," replied Taland. "Let me out,
and I'll tell you all about it."
The curious goatherd released the captive from the bag, and he told his
tale as follows. "The king has got a beautiful daughter--so beautiful
that such a number of suitors come after her she cannot decide between
them all. At last the king got tired, and said he would decide for her;
and this morning he proclaimed that whoever could bear being carried
about for seven hours in this sack should have her, be he peasant or
prince. So I thought I might try my luck at it as well as another;
and those chaps you hear talking in the little house yonder have been
carrying me about for three hours, but I can't stand more of it,
and away I go;" and he looked up anxiously to see if the bait had
taken; for he wanted the other to propose to get into the sack, as,
if he had walked away and left it empty, he knew the villagers would
pursue and overtake him. Nor was he mistaken in his calculation.
"It doesn't seem so hard to bear," said the goatherd, after some
moments' consideration.
"Would you like to try?" inquired Taland, anxiously; "it won't be so
bad for you, as, if you get in now, the men won't perceive we have
changed places, and you'll get the benefit of three hours for nothing."
"You're really very kind!" responded the goatherd, drawing the sack
over him; "I don't know how to thank you enough. I'm sure I can stand
four hours easily enough, for the sake of being reckoned a king's son
at the end. I shan't want the goats, however, when I'm married to a
princess, so pray take them at a gift--only make fast the cords of the
sack so that the men may not perceive that it has been meddled with."
Taland tied up the sack exactly as it had been before, and drove home
the flock of goats.
He was scarcely out of sight when the men, now well rested, came out,
and having taken up the sack again, carried it up the Hoch Gerach;
and just as the unhappy goatherd within fancied he was reaching the
top of some high terrace leading to the royal palace, bang, bang from
rock to rock he found himself dashed by the relentless villagers!
Confident that the job was now effectually completed, they trooped
home full of rejoicing over their feat.
The first thing that met their eye, however, was Taland seated before
his door, just as if nothing had happened, milking the goats which
browsed around him, making a goodly show.
Too much awed at the sight to rush at and seize him, they once more
asked him to give explanation of his unlooked-for return, and of how
he became possessed of such a fine herd of goats.
"Nothing easier!" replied Taland, gravitetisch. "Where shall I begin?"
"From where you were thrown over the mountain-side."
"All right!" pursued Taland. "Well, then, as you may suppose, I
struggled hard to get out of the sack, but it was too tough, and
I could do nothing with it at first; but, by-and-by, from knocking
against the jutting rocks again and again, it got a rent, and this
rent I was able to tear open wide, so that by the time I got to the
bottom there was a big hole, big enough to get out by. And where do
you think I found myself when I got out? In the enchanted regions of
the underground world, where the sky is tenfold as blue as it is here,
and the meadows tenfold as green! It was so beautiful to look at that I
gladly wandered on a little space. Presently I found a way that led up
home again; but I had no mind to come away from the beautiful country
till I saw, climbing the rocks by the side of the path, numbers of
goats, much finer than any goats we ever see in these parts."
"So they are! so they are!" chimed in the gullible multitude.
"Then I thought it would be fine to bring a flock of such fine goats
home--and, after all, it was easy to go back again when I wanted
to see that deep blue sky and those rich pastures again; so home I
came. Here am I, and here are the goats; and if you don't believe I
got them there, you can go and fetch some thence and compare them."
"But shall we really find such goats if we go?" eagerly inquired the
credulous villagers.
"To be sure you will--and sheep, and oxen, and cows too, without
number."
"Cows too! Oh, let's come and supply ourselves, and make good our
losses! But first show the way you came up by."
"Oh, it's a long, steep, weary way, and would take you two days
to get down! Much the nearest way is to jump down the side of the
Hoch Gerach."
"But are you sure we shan't hurt ourselves? Didn't you get hurt
at all?"
"Not a bit. Feel me; I'm quite sound."
"To be sure, you couldn't hurt falling on to such soft, beautiful
meadows!" they replied; and off they set, only eager which should
reach the Hoch Gerach first, and which should be the first to make
the bold spring, and which should have the first pick and choice of
the fair flocks and herds in the enchanted world underground!
Slap! bang! plump! they all went over the side of the Hoch Gerach,
one after the other, never to return! And Taland thus alone remained
to inherit the houses and goods of the whole village, all for
himself--and, from being the poorest of all, became possessed of the
riches of all.
THE END.
NOTES
[1] It is common in England to speak of Tirol as "the Tyrol;" I have
used the name according to the custom of the country itself.
[2] The name for "the wild huntsman" in North and South Tirol.
[3] The Beatrik of the Italian Tirol is, however, a milder spirit
than the Wilder Jaeger of the northern provinces. He is also called
il cacciatore della pia caccia, because he is supposed only to hunt
evil spirits.
[4] The name in Vorarlberg.
[5] The three helpers against the plague. There are many churches so
called in Tirol.
[6] "Schliess die Kammer fein,
Sonst kommt der Norg herein."
[7] The Meierhof was the homestead of a small proprietor standing
midway between the peasant and the noble.
[8] Mistress of the Meierhof.
[9] Literally, "high lakes;" i. e. lakes on a high mountain
level. There are three such in the valley of Matsch, the inundations
of which often work sad havoc.
[10] "Morgen oder Heut
Kommt die Zahlzeit."
[11] The "home of the wolves;" a nickname given to Matsch, because
still infested by wolves.
[12] On Midsummer-day.
[13] The local names of two favourite kinds of grass.
[14] St. Martin is considered the patron of mountain pastures in Tirol.
[15] That the Norgs should be at one time represented as incapable of
comprehending what death was, and that at another their race should
be spoken of as dying out, is but one of those inconsistencies which
must constantly occur when it is attempted to describe a supernatural
order of things by an imagery taken from the natural order.
[16] From tarnen, to conceal, and Haut, skin; a tight-fitting
garment which was supposed to have the property of rendering the
wearer invisible. It was likewise sometimes supposed to convey great
strength also.
[17] Literally, "crystal palace." Burg means a palace no less than
a citadel or fortress; the imperial palace in Vienna has no other name.
[18] Ignaz von Zingerle, in discussing the sites which various local
traditions claim for the Rosengarten of King Lareyn, or Laurin, says,
"Whoever has once enjoyed the sight of the Dolomite peaks of the
Schlern bathed in the rosy light of the evening glow cannot help
fancying himself at once transported into the world of myths, and
will be irresistibly inclined to place the fragrant Rose-garden on
its strangely jagged heights, studded by nature with violet amethysts,
and even now carpeted with the most exquisite mountain-flora of Tirol."
[19] Cornfield.
[20] Nobleman's residence.
[21] In the mediaeval poems the shade of the Lindenbaum is the favourite
scene of gallant adventures.
[22] The heroes of the old German poetry are frequently called by the
epithet "sword"--ein Degen stark; ein Degen hehr; Wittich der Degen,
&c., &c.
[23] Hildebrand, son of Duke Herbrand and brother of the Monk Ilsau,
one of the persons of the romance of "Kriemhild's Rose-garden," is the
Nestor of German myths. He was the instructor of Dietrich von Bern
(Theodoric of Verona). We find him sought as the wise counsellor in
various undertakings celebrated in the mediaeval epics; he is reputed
to have lived to the age of 200 years.
[24] This was commonly the office of the daughter of the house.
[25] This would appear to have been the usual custom in the middle
ages after a meal.
[26] See note, p. 35.
[27] The German legends are inclined to extol the heroism of Dietrich
von Bern, better known to us as Theodoric, King of the Visigoths, who,
after his conquests in Italy, built a palace at Verona, and made it
his seat of government; but the traditions of Verona ascribe his great
strength and success, both as a hunter and warrior, to a compact with
the Evil One. His connexion with the Arians, his opposition towards
the Popes, and his violent destruction of the churches of Verona,
were sufficient to convince the popular mind at his date that his
strength was not from above. Procopius relates that his remorse for
the death of Symmachus haunted him so, that one day when the head of a
great fish was served at table, it appeared to him as the head of his
murdered relative, and he became so horrified that he was never able to
eat any thing afterwards. The Veronese tradition is, that by his pact
with the devil, evil spirits served him in the form of dogs, horses,
and huntsmen, until the time came that they drove him forth into
their own abode (Mattei Verona Illustrata). In the church of St. Zeno
at Verona this legend may be seen sculptured in bas-relief over the
door. In the mythology of some parts of Germany he is identified,
or confounded, with the Wild Huntsman (Boerner, Sagen aus dem Orlagau,
pp. 213, 216, 236). In the Heldenbuch he is called the son of an evil
spirit. He is there distinguished by a fiery breath, with which he
overcomes dwarfs and giants; but he is said to be ultimately carried
off into the wilds by a demon-horse, upon which he has every day to
fight with two terrible dragons until the Judgment Day. Nork cites
a passage from Luther's works, in which he speaks of him (cursorily)
as the incarnation of evil, showing how he was regarded in Germany at
his day ("It is as if I should undertake to make Christ out of Dietrich
von Bern"--Als wenn ich aus Dietrich von Bern Christum machen wollte).
[28] Wigand, man of valour.
[29] We often find the heroes' trusty swords called by a particular
name: thus Orlando's was called Durindarda, it is so inscribed in
his statue in the porch of the Duomo at Verona; and the name of King
Arthur's will occur to every one's memory.
[30] Him of Verona.
[31] This hardening power of dragons' blood was one of the mediaeval
fables.
[32] Bearing a red banner thus was equivalent to a declaration of
hostile intent.
[33] These it was knightly custom for the vanquished to surrender to
him who had overcome him.
[34] The Styrian.
[35] A Schirmschlag was a scientifically-manoeuvred stroke, by which
he who dealt it concealed himself behind his shield while he aimed
at any part of his adversary's body which presented an undefended
mark. But Theodoric drew the stroke without even having a shield for
his own defence.
[36] The Norgs are not always spoken of as pagans; many stories of
them seem to consider them as amenable to Christian precepts. The
ancient church of the village of St. Peter, near the Castle of Tirol,
is said by popular tradition to have been built by them, and under
peculiar difficulties; for while they were at work, a giant who lived
in Schloss Tirol used to come every night and destroy what they had
done in the day, till at last they agreed to assemble in great force,
and complete the whole church in one day, which they did; and then,
being a complete work offered to the service of God, the giant had
no more power over it.
[37] It was an old German custom that no flagons or vessels of the
drinks should be put on the table; but as soon as a glass was emptied
it was refilled by watchful attendants.
[38] Lautertrank, by the description of its composition, seems to
have been nearly identical with our claret-cup. Moras was composed
of the juice of mulberries mixed with good old wine.
[39] Concerning Theodoric's fiery breath, see note, p. 39. All the
myths about him mention it. The following description of it occurs
in the legends of "Criemhild's Rosengarten:"--
"Wie ein Haus das dampfet, wenn man es zuendet an,
So musste Dietrich rauchen, der zornige Mann.
Man sah eine rothe Flamme geh'n aus seinem Mund."
["As a house smokes when it is set on fire, so was the breath of
Theodoric, the man of great anger; a red flame might be seen darting
from his mouth."]
[40] The power of the Norgs to pass in and out through the rock is one
of the characteristics most prominently fabled of them. Sometimes we
hear of doors which opened spontaneously at their approach, but more
often the marvel of their passing in and out without any apparent
opening is descanted on.
[41] The value and efficacy ascribed in the old myths to a virgin's
blessing is one form in which the regard for maiden honour was
expressed.
[42] The dwarfs who were considered the genii of the mineral
wealth of the country were a sub-class of the genus dwarf.
Their myths are found more abundantly in North Tirol,
where the chief mines were worked.
[43] A deserted mine is called in local dialect taub.
[44] Miners.
[45] i.e. Joseph of Goign, a village near St. Johann. Such modes of
designation are found for every one, among the people in Tirol.
[46] Ann.
[47] Every body wears feathers according to their fancy in their
"Alpine hats" here, but in Tirol every such adornment is a distinction
won by merit, whether in target-shooting, wrestling, or any other
manly sport; and, like the medals of the soldier, can only be worn
by those who have made good their claim.
[48] Hof, in Tirol, denotes the proprietorship of a comfortable
homestead.
[49] To Spaniards the outline of a mountain-ridge suggests the edge
of a saw--sierra; to the Tirolese the more indented sky-line familiar
to them recalls the teeth of a comb.
[50] Garnets and carbuncles are found in Tirol in the Zillerthal,
and the search after them has given rise to some fantastic tales--of
which later.
[51] Carbuncle.
[52] Pray for him.
[53] District.
[54] Wild Georgey.
[55] In some parts of Tirol where the pastures are on steep <DW72>s,
or reached by difficult paths--particularly the Zillerthal, on which
the scene of the present story borders--it is the custom to decide
which of the cattle is fit for the post of leader of the herd by trial
of battle. The victor is afterwards marched through the commune to
the sound of bells and music, and decked with garlands of flowers.
[56] "Just as I wanted you."
[57] Little Frederick.
[58] A local expression for a village fete.
[59] The old race of innkeepers in Tirol were a singularly trustworthy,
honourable set, acting as a sort of elder or umpire each over his
village. This is still the case in a great many valleys out of the
beaten track.
[60] "Have mercy on them!"
[61] The cry which in South Germany is equivalent to our "hurrah!"
[62] Page 76.
[63] Little Elizabeth.
[64] A local word in the Passeier-Thal for a poultry-maid.
[65] "Ich zeige Sie wo der Zimmermann das Loch gemacht hat." A Tirolese
saying for, "I'll soon show you the way to the door."
[66] Another form of Klein-Else: Else, with the diminutive, chen.
[67] This curious name was borne by a Margrave of Istria,
and three other princes at least who ruled over part of Tirol,
and who figure in the authentic history of the country. It
does not appear that the present story, however, is referable
to traditions of the life of any of these.
[68] The best public room in a Tirolese inn is so called.
[69] The homestead of a peasant proprietor.
[70] The local name of the holiday cap of the Sarnthaler women.
[71] Lieblingsbaender.
[72] Alp is used in Tirol for the green mountain pastures.
[73] Alpine herdsman.
[74] See Preface.
[75] Joch is used in Tirol when speaking of a moderately high mountain;
in most other mountain districts of Germany it means only a pass
or col.
[76] A high-lying range of mountain pasture-land.
[77] The stories of our Lord's life on earth, treated with perfect
idealism, sketching His character as He was pleased to
manifest it, or His miraculous acts, pervade the popular mythology
of all Catholic peoples. I have given one from Spain,
by the title of "Where One can Dine, Two can Dine," in
"Patranas," of the same character as this Tirolese one; and
perhaps it is not amiss to repeat the observation I felt called
to make upon it,--that it would be the greatest mistake to
imagine that anything like irreverence was intended in such
stories. They are the simple utterances of peoples who
realized so utterly and so devoutly the facts recorded in the
Gospels that the circumstances of time and place ceased to
occupy them at all, and who were wont to make the study
of our Lord's example their rule of conduct so habitually, that
to imagine Him sharing the accidents of their own daily life
came more natural to them than to think of Him in the far-off
East. These stories were probably either adapted from
the personal traditions which the first evangelists may well
be thought to have brought with them unwritten, or invented
by themselves, in all good faith, as allegories, by means of
which to inculcate by them upon their children the application
of His maxims to their own daily acts. They demand, therefore,
to be read in this spirit for the sake of the pious intention
in which they are conceived, rather than criticised for
their rude simplicity or their anachronisms.
[78] "Praised be Jesus Christ!" This was formerly the universal
greeting all over Tirol in the house or on the road, for friend or
stranger, who answered, "For ever and ever. Amen." It is still in
common use in many parts.
[79] I must beg my readers to apply the apology contained in
the note to the last story, in its measure to this one also.
[80] Sorella, sister; with the augmentative ona, the bigger or
elder sister.
[81] The little, or younger, sister.
[82] We say, "a head of celery;" in Italy they say, "a foot of celery."
[83] A favourite vintage of Tirol.
[84] Arativo and prativo are dialectic in Waelsch Tirol for arable
and pasture land.
[85] "On our right soared the implacable ridges of the Marmolata,"
writes a modern traveller; "the sheer, hard smoothness of whose
scarped rocks filled one with a kind of horror only to look at them."
[86] "We have hay in the stables, and more also in the meadow."
[87] Berg-Segen (literally "mountain-blessing") is the form in which
Tirol in its piety expresses the ordinary word crop.
[88] See Preface.
[89] Two kinds of more or less mischievous strie, or wild fairies.
[90] "Fearless Johnny." John is a favourite name in Waelsch
Tirol, and bears some twenty or thirty variations, as Giovannazzi,
Gianaselli, Gianot, Zanetto, Zanolini, Zuani, Degiampietro
(John Peter), Zangiacomi (John James), &c.
[91] The Latin name of the god of hell remains throughout Italy,
and holds in its nurseries the place of "Old Bogie" with us.
[92] "Earthly soul, stand off three paces, and tell me your grief."
[93] Vine-trellis.
[94] Tapestry hanging before a door.
[95] Witch.
[96] A wayside cross under a little penthouse, such as is to be met
at every turn of the road in Tirol.
[97] The south wind, which does much mischief at certain times of
the year, and is most dreaded in Vorarlberg.
[98] Dialectic for a basket in Vorarlberg.
[99] It has been my aim generally, in making this collection, to
give the preference to those stories which have a moral point
to recommend them; my readers will not, perhaps, take it
amiss, however, if I present them with this specimen of a
class in which this is wanting, and which aims only at
amusement. It is, moreover, interesting from the strong
evidence it bears of extremely remote origin; for the light
way in which putting people to death, deception, and selfishness
are spoken of prove it has a pre-Christian source, while
the unimportant accessories show how details get modified
by transmission.
[100] It must be understood that it is an outside staircase that is
here alluded to, and the shutter of an unglazed window on its landing
serving for a door also.
[101] In a lordly manner.
[102] A cluster of houses too small to be designated a village.
End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Household stories from the Land of
Hofer, by R. H. Busk
*** | , for never before had
victory appeared so easy. Hastily he sprang to his feet, to wipe away
the shame by seeming indifference; but Lareyn stood before him in the
long grass with his sword ready to take the forfeit he demanded, the
left foot and the right hand,--and would have taken it, but Theodoric
deemed it time to interfere; he said he should have reckoned it a
shame on him could it have been said of him that he had stood by while
a companion was made to pay so hard a penalty for so small a harm.
"What is a shame to you is no affair of mine," cried Lareyn in return;
"but instead of defending your companion, it behoves you to defend
yourself, for, as you had your part in the destruction of the garden,
I demand my forfeit equally of you, and your left foot and right hand
I must have. Stand on guard then! for I am a match for twelve such
as you."
The words stung Theodoric to the quick. But with what celerity soever
he vaulted into the saddle, the moment had sufficed for Lareyn to
bind fast Wittich to a tree, and gain his stirrups in time to confront
his foe.
"I perceive you are the Bernaere," he said, "by your shield and helm;
and never have I poised lance so gladly against any foe, and never
have had such satisfaction in triumph as I shall when I have you bound
by the side of your companion, and when the great Dietrich von Bern
shall lie in the bonds of the little Norg!"
"Dwarf! waste not words," cried Theodoric, in a terrible voice, his
eyes flashing fire; his spear trembling in his hand with the fury that
burnt within him. Before the foes could meet, however, and not a whit
too soon, Hildebrand appeared upon the scene, having found his way,
with the bold Wolfhart who never shrank from any fight, and Dietlieb
the Steieraere [34], by the guidance of the injured widow's son.
Hastily Hildebrand reached Theodoric's ear: "Fight him not in that
way," he said; "he has ever the advantage with the lance, and if he
hurled you from the saddle, where would be your princely honour? Never
could you again reign in your Hall of Verona. Dismount, and meet him
on foot upon the grass, and watch for what further may be suggested
to us."
Theodoric gladly accepted the counsel of the sage, and, standing
once more on the ground, called to the Norg to meet him there. Lareyn
refused not, but met him with many a valiant thrust, which the wigand
parried, and returned too, as best he might, with Hildebrand's counsel,
till the little man complained of the interference, without which,
he swore, Dietrich had been bound even as Wittich. But Theodoric bid
him not talk, but fight, and with that planted him a blow between
the eyes which shut out the light of the sun. Hildebrand, meantime,
released Wittich, as it behoved while one fought in his defence. But
Lareyn, finding he could gain no signal advantage against the hero,
drew his Tarnhaut from his pocket, and, slipping it over his head,
became invisible to his antagonist. Now it was a weird running
hither and thither, as the deft Norg paid out his cunning blows,
and the bold wigand in vain sought him, that he might return them;
now his blow fell on the stone wall, and now on a tree, while the
Norg's mocking laughter echoed at each mistake.
"One counsel only I see," cried good Hildebrand, distressed to see
his prince so hard thrust; "call to him to drop his sword, and wrestle
with you; so shall you reach him, and at least know where he stands."
The hero followed the counsel of his master, nor did the Norg
refuse. True, Theodoric now could at least feel his unseen foe, but
he felt him to his cost, for it was impossible to stand against his
strength, nor was it long before the dwarf forced the hero down upon
his knees on the grass. Great was the wigand's distress, for never
had antagonist so dealt with him before.
"Dietrich! beloved lord," cried Hildebrand, "list to my word. One
way of safety there is: wrench from him his girdle--his girdle which
gives him twelve men's strength!"
Gladly Theodoric heard the counsel, nor was he long in finding with
his hand the girdle; by it he raised King Lareyn from the ground,
and dashed him down again, till the girdle burst and fell beneath
their feet. Hildebrand quickly caught it up, lest the dwarf should
again possess himself of it; but Lareyn gave a cry of despair which
might have been heard o'er mountain and forest three days' journey
off! Then, with doleful voice, he said,--
"Dietrich von Bern! if you are the noble sword for which men hold you,
you will be now content, and will give me my life; while I will be
your tributary, and mighty are the gifts I have to offer you."
"No!" replied Theodoric; "your haughtiness and pretensions have been
too gross. I pardon not such as you so easily; we must have another
trial, in which you must yield up your worthless life."
"I have no power in fighting against such as he now, without my
girdle," mused the Norg; "my only chance of safety lies in getting
one of the heroes who is equal to him to fight for my cause in my
place. So he made up to Dietlieb the Steieraere, and conjured him,
as he was his brother-in-law, to help him in his need--even as he
loved his sister's honour."
"True!" replied Dietlieb; "since you confess honestly that you have my
sister, it is meet that I should be your champion; and I will deliver
you or die." With that he went to Theodoric, and prayed him earnestly
four times, by his regard for knightly honour, for woman's worth, for
friendship, and for virtue--four things which, at receiving his sword,
every knight bound himself to honour, that he would spare Lareyn. But
Theodoric was not to be moved, and each time only swore the harder
that he would fight it out to the last; that Lareyn had offended him
too deeply, and that he could not be suffered to live. When Dietlieb
found the ambassage he had undertaken unsuccessful, and that he would
have to own his failure, he grew impatient and wroth, and riding his
horse up to Theodoric, he proclaimed in a loud voice,--
"Be it known, Prince Dietrich, highly praised, that I declare King
Lareyn, great in power and riches, shall not be bound your prisoner,
nor his life taken; that I appear here to answer for him with brotherly
service, and that either he shall be let go scot free, or in my person
only shall the death-blow be dealt out for him."
Theodoric, unwilling to enter a feud of life and death with one of
his own allies, and yet too proud to refuse the challenge, answered
him nothing. But Dietlieb took the Norg and hid him away in safety
in the long grass out of Theodoric's sight, and then returned ready
to confront him. Theodoric, finding he was determined in his attack,
called for his horse, and bound on his helmet, his shield he took in
his hand, and hung his sword to his girdle.
"Think not I spare you more than another, Lord Theodoric, when I have
found the cause I ought to defend," cried Dietlieb, and his flashing
eye told that he would fight his fight to the end.
Theodoric still said no word, but his anger was the more desperate.
Thus minded, they rode at each other, and the lance of each hurled the
other from his horse upon the grass. Up each sprang again, and drew
his trenchant sword; the one struck, and the other pierced, till the
grass all around, as high as their spurs, was dyed as red as the roses
they had destroyed anon. Then Theodoric dealt such a mighty stroke
on Dietlieb's helmet that the fire flashed again, and he thought,
"Now have I conquered him and Lareyn at one blow." But Dietlieb,
recovering from the momentary shock, struck Theodoric's shield with
such force that he dashed it from his grasp; you might have heard
the clash a mile off!
When the bold Theodoric found he had his shield no longer, he took his
sword in both his hands, and gave the wigand such a mighty Schirmschlag
[35] that he felled him to the ground.
"Now then, foolish man!" he cried, in scorn, "do you still hold out
for Lareyn?"
Dietlieb sprang to his feet once more with a start which made his
armour ring again, and, for an answer, ran at Theodoric, and tried to
repeat his stroke; but Theodoric was more difficult to bring down,
and answered his attack by striking him on the rim of his shield so
forcibly that he loosed the band by which he held it.
Meantime, Hildebrand had been occupied stirring up the other wigands
to part the combatants, and at this moment Wittich and Wolfhart came
up to Dietlieb and seized him, and with main force dragged him off
the field; while Hildebrand reasoned with Theodoric about the merit
and friendship of Dietlieb, and the advantage of compromise now that
he had done enough to prove his superiority in the fight. Theodoric,
who ever gave weight to Hildebrand's reasoning, agreed to be friends
again with Dietlieb, and to leave Lareyn his life and liberty, only
exacting homage and tribute of him. To these terms Dietlieb also
agreed, and all entered the bonds of good friendship.
Lareyn, who had watched the combat and listened to the treaty of
peace from his hiding-place in the long grass, gave in his adhesion,
promising to pay tribute of all his wealth.
"And now, good brother-in-law," he said, addressing Dietlieb, "or
brother-in-law that-is-to-be,--for Simild has not yet given her consent
to be my wife--let us talk a little about your lovely sister. You
are doubtless burning to know how I became possessed of her, and I
no less to tell." Then he told him how he had found her under the
linden-tree, and had enveloped her in the Tarnhaut and carried her
away unseen by mortal eye; and of how all Norgdom was subject to her,
of how he had laid an empire of boundless wealth at her feet, and how,
if she preferred reigning on earth, he was able to buy a vast kingdom
to endow her with. Then he noticed that the day was declining, and they
far from shelter, and bade them all welcome to his underground home,
promising them good cheer and merry pastime. Dietlieb, anxious to
see his dear sister again, accepted the offer, and the other wigands
agreed to follow him. Stern Hildebrand the Sage would have preferred
camping in the open air, but Theodoric told him it would be a shame on
his name before all heroes if, having been so near the Norg kingdom,
of which all had heard, he should have feared to make acquaintance
with its economy and government. All the others were of his mind, but
Hildebrand reminded Theodoric, that as he whom all were ready to obey
had counselled incurring the danger, he made himself responsible for
all their lives. "He who gave us prudence will guard our lives and
honour," said the prince; and without further parley they rode on,
after Lareyn's guidance.
On they rode, through thick forest and narrow mountain-path, till,
as it grew dark, they came to a golden door in the rock. It opened at
Lareyn's approach, and the moment they had passed within they found
themselves surrounded by a light above the light of day from the
shining stones that glittered around. Trumpets sounded to herald their
entrance. As they advanced through the sparkling trees friendly birds
warbled a sweet welcome; and as they neared the hall soft melodies
of lutes and harps enchanted their ear. All around them the Norgs
disported themselves, ready to render any service the wayfarers might
require. Refreshment was all ready, as if they had been expected;
and when the wigands had done justice to the spread, they were led
each to his apartment to take their rest, which they well needed.
In the morning Lareyn prayed them to stay and enjoy the wonders
of his kingdom and taste his hospitality, whereupon new debate
arose. Theodoric was disposed to trust him; and Dietlieb desirous
to keep friends with him for the sake of his sister; while Wolfhart
was ready for any sort of adventure; but Wittich, who had tasted the
effects of Lareyn's guile and strength, used all his persuasion to
induce the others to return, and prudent Hildebrand deemed it the
wiser part. At last, however, Wolfhart said, scornfully to Wittich,
that if he was afraid to stay he could go back; he had no need to
spoil their pleasure. After that Wittich said no more, but by his
sullen looks he showed he disapproved the venture.
Lareyn, seeing them doubtful, came up, and with much concern bid them
have no hesitation or fear, for all they saw was at their service--they
had but to command. To which Theodoric made answer that such words
were princely indeed, | 3,100 |
Sing, a Movie for Parents, Kids,<|fim_middle|> your dreams. | and those awkward in-betweens
Luke Ryan, Staff Writer
Sing is an animated comedy by Dreamworks, the producers of the Despicable Me films.
It centers around theater-owning koala Buster Moon (voiced by Matthew McConaughey) who decides to run a talent contest to draw sales for his borderline bankrupt theater. The talented cast, reality show feel, familiar pop songs, and cute animal characters make this a great family movie.
I usually am not a fan of musicals, musical theatre, or movies with a good deal of stops for musical numbers, so I was not planning on seeing this movie because it looked to definitely fit the mold. However, I was dragged along by a few friends and had a great time watching this film.
There were a few moments in the movie that I would change if I could. For example, one of the main characters (who shall remain nameless) causes a whole mess of trouble for the others that almost ruins absolutely everything, but at the end said messer-upper is still invited up onstage for a finishing solo with not even a hint of redemption. I wasn't expecting the character to have to sell his firstborn to be forgiven, but not even an I'm sorry? come on.
I also disagreed with some of the song choices for two particular characters. Characters with beautiful and soulful voices, that were given peppy and upbeat songs. However you do get to hear one of those golden-voiced characters singing snippets of very powerful and emotional songs such as All of Me by John Legend, or Stay With Me by Sam Smith.
Despite these few criticisms this is still a great family movie and a feel-good movie in general. My friends and I had a great time dancing in our seats and really getting into the movie when things were good, bad, or suspenseful. The directors and actors worked in a bit of everything for every audience member to really enjoy this movie and have a good time with loved ones at the theatres.
This movie promotes trying hard, bravery, teamwork, and following your heart. It also has very deep messages about parent-child relationships, how hard it is to keep a household running, and the challenges you face chasing | 446 |
Thoughts from my desk
Will it finally be the year of the Lyon and the Docker?
Date: September 11, 2015 / Posted by Glenn Mitchell
Fremantle crow-barred Ross Lyon out of St Kilda<|fim_middle|> time.
Virat Kohli - 11,759 runs at 60.0 with 43 centuries
Rohit Sharma - 9,115 runs at 49.5 with 29 centuries
😳🏏 #INDvAUS
Contact Glenn
Contact Cheri Gardiner for speaking engagements on +61 417 938 189
Email info@glennmitchell.com.au
© 2014 Glenn Mitchell. All Rights Reserved.
website design by BEVIN Creative | with the specific goal of winning a premiership. Lyon headed west for the very same reason.
With the Dockers' 2015 finals campaign kicking off on Saturday both the club and coach have the Holy Grail firmly in their sights.
Lyon was still under contract at Moorabbin when Fremantle made its audacious approach in late-2011. It was just over 12 months after he had guided the Saints into two grand finals in the one season – a draw against Collingwood ahead of a 56-point defeat in the rematch.
He had previously taken St Kilda to the grand final in 2009 where it fell an agonisingly 12 points shy of Geelong. His efforts that season saw him win the AFL Coaches Association Coach of the Year Award.
By the end of the 2011 season most believed the Saints' premiership window had closed leaving Lyon still short of his ultimate goal.
Fremantle's play for him made infinite sense. Lyon had proved he was a masterful tactician.
Following an injury interrupted 129-game playing career he set out on a path towards an AFL head coaching role.
His apprenticeship brought him into contact with no fewer than four premiership coaches. A four-year stint at Richmond under Robert Walls was followed by five years as a deputy to both David Parkin and Denis Pagan at Carlton.
In 2004 he headed north to become Sydney's midfield coach under Paul Roos. Whilst there he was involved in consecutive grand finals in 2005 and 2006, the former ending a 72-year flag drought. Roos was full of praise for Lyon and the role he played in Sydney's coaching structure, publicly endorsing him as a future coach.
In 2007, when the Saints' job became vacant he beat a field of 52 candidates, including favourite John Longmire.
The apprenticeship was over. In his five years with St Kilda he boasted a win-loss percentage of 64.5 – the highest in the history of the club. But, in three attempts, the premiership eluded him.
When Fremantle came knocking it was an offer he could not refuse even though it did not endear him across the AFL community.
When Lyon lobbed in the West ahead of the 2012 season the Dockers had been through 17 seasons in the AFL for a total of six finals of which two were won. From day one Lyon had success with a finals campaign in his first year, a grand final loss in 2013 and a fourth-placing last season.
His win-loss percentage at Fremantle is 70.0 for an overall career mark of 66.9. It is an extremely healthy number but his CV is still missing that elusive premiership.
This season, for the first time, the Dockers have taken out the minor premiership, the prime seeding heading into the finals. It is the only time the club has managed a top-two finish after the home-and-away season.
A first-up win at home against an injury-ravaged Sydney on Saturday would gift the club a week's rest and a home preliminary final. A loss this weekend would still afford them a home semi-final in week two.
The club's early season form had many predicting it would go into the bye in round 12 still undefeated. That was not to be as they were dismantled at home by Richmond on the back of an eight-goal opening term blitz in round ten.
That defeat was followed by losses to two other premiership aspirants – in round 15 to Hawthorn (72 points) and round 20 versus West Coast (24).
The Dockers entered the final H & A round having secured top spot. Lyon opted to rest 11 players for the away game against Port Adelaide and consequently suffered a 69-point defeat.
The squad for Saturday's game is pretty much at full strength with the only major question mark over Nat Fyfe, who has missed the past two weeks with a lower leg injury.
Freo enter the match knowing that a second grand final berth is there for the taking with the potential for successive finals at home before one last journey to Melbourne for the big dance.
Even though the Dockers finished clear of the field after the regular season they are not the flag favourites. That honour rests with the defending champion Hawthorn which is at $2.60, while Fremantle is at $4.00 and cross town rival West Coast at $4.25.
The challenge for Lyon is to get his current team to up the scoring compared to his previous grand final tilts.
The Lyon game plan is based around gut-running defence with mass numbers getting behind the ball in an effort to strangle the opponent's scoring ability. Win possession and it becomes a rapid transition game into attack.
It is often said that defences win premierships but no matter how good that area of your game is there is still a necessity to outscore your opponent.
In his four grand finals to date Lyon's teams have kicked totals of 10, 9, 8 and 7 goals. Barring wet conditions that output is unlikely to provide victory.
In the losses to Richmond and West Coast this season Fremantle was jumped out of the blocks – the Tigers kicked eight goals to three in the opening term while the Eagles booted seven goals to one.
Given the paucity of the Dockers' scoring when they concede a significant lead early it is always difficult to edge back.
The percentages of the top five sides this season makes for interesting reading. Hawthorn had the most miserly defence with 1548 points conceded although the other four sides all fell within 30 points of that mark yet their overall percentages were far more disparate – Hawthorn (158.4), West Coast (148.2), Sydney (127.1), Richmond (123.1) and Fremantle (118.7).
It indicates the gulf between the Dockers' stopping and scoring power.
On average this season Hawthorn scored 111 points per game and West Coast 106 compared to Fremantle's 84 while on the conceded side of the ledger it was Hawthorn (70), Fremantle (71) and the Eagles (71).
Fremantle's defence will likely maintain its vice like grip through the finals and will prove hard to crack. It is up forward however where the questions still lay.
If the output cannot be increased it is likely that for Lyon, after 216 games as a coach and for the Fremantle Dockers, after 475 games in the competition, that elusive flag will remain a dream.
First published on The Roar – theroar.com.au – on 10 September 2015, soliciting 37 comments
"A professional is one who does his best work when he feels the least like working"
- Frank Lloyd Wright
Australia needs to take the same XI to Lord's
Normal transmission restored for Steve Smith
Australia's best individual Test innings since 1980 (part 2)
Female cricket commentators making their mark, at last
Glenn Mitchell@MitchellGlenn·
As was the case when Julia Gillard's father passed, the vitriolic comments surrounding Scott Morrison's father's passing on some social media accounts are abhorrent. Regardless of your thoughts re his politics please show decency with respect to his family's loss
Thoughts with the families of the three crew lost when a water bomber crashed while attempting to douse flames from a bushfire in the Snowy Mountains ... an awful tragedy #AustraliaFires
Episode 11 of 'Great Sporting Lives' ... the incomparable Shane Gould ... a triple Olympic gold medallist at the age of just 15 🏊♀️
Watching two very rare ODI talents at the crease at the same | 1,667 |
Solenix
New EUMETSAT's Training Events website powered by...
New EUMETSAT's Training Events website powered by Solenix
We are happy to announce that a new web application we have developed for EUMETSAT and the Virtual Laboratory for Training and Education in Satellite Meteorology (VLab) of the World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) is available to the public here! The objective of this application, which is the successor of EUMETSAT's Training Calendar, is to widen the access to the training opportunities that both EUMETSAT and the VLab offer<|fim_middle|> system, while providing tools for the administrators to create, edit and approve new training events.
In the next phase, the focus will be on adding more features for both public users and administrators. Public users can look forward to using a simple registration process for courses and a rating system for the training sessions. Administrators will receive new functionality to manage users and gain deeper insights with course statistics.
We are happy to support EUMETSAT's and the VLab's efforts to provide training and education to the general public world-wide by offering our expertise in software engineering.
In Switzerland!
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I-00124 Roma | , making sure that they reach as many people as possible. In order to do so, the application allows interested users to explore all available training and education courses in satellite meteorology. The application provides users with a straightforward solution to search and view training courses they are interested in and details how to attend these courses.
Making the tool available to the public marks the end of the first phase of the development, which focussed on laying the foundation for the | 89 |
Thanks to Buckby Motors Jaguar and Stuart Benson Petrusma Property, the first short-course Poatina Hillclimb will be conducted on Sunday 3 March 2019.
Tasmania's newest motorsport event brings European-style, closed road hillclimb competition to club-level entrants.
Applications to complete are called for from<|fim_middle|>aights and an elevation gain of 185 metres.
This unique short-course event features the stand-out and stunning piece of former Hydro-Electric Commission constructed tarmac, snaking its way up Mount Blackwood, from the Norfolk Plains to the Central Plateau of Northern Tasmania.
Poatina Village will again play host to the event's start and finish celebrations.
Poatina Hillclimb is proudly sanctioned by the Australian Auto-Sport Alliance. | the owners of sports and grand touring cars, including production-based performance road, rally and circuit racing vehicles.
The stunning all-tarmac course of 2.1 kilometres length will be repeated six times during the day and features an exciting mix of 13 turns, five hairpin corners, various length str | 61 |
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As you mouseover any section, row or element, it will obtain highlighted and clicking slide in the contextual editor from the right-hand man side where you can transform its residential or commercial properties.
Background colors, margins, typefaces, placement could all be changed along with component particular buildings like a details image link for the Photo aspect.
I've been fairly pleased by the editor as it strikes a wonderful balance between versatility and also simplicity of usage.
if you do not use any one of those services, then I recommend using the Red stripe integration given that it is totally free to signup for as well as use.
I really did not have any experience with Stripe till I tested it with ClickFunnels, but I located that it's an incredibly easy means to take charge card payments.
As soon as you have produced your Stripe account, just adhere to the basic instructions to connect it to your ClickFunnels account as well as you're good to go.
Whenever any person experiences the Order Page form of your channel, it will immediately be used to gather settlement from your client.
In enhancement to assisting you develop each of the pages in your sales funnel, ClickFunnels additionally helps you track exactly how each web page in your funnel performs.
At the top of each web page, you can see in real-time the total variety of site visitors for every web page in the channel, the number of visitors clicked the following button of the web page, and the conversion price.
Setting up a brand-new split examinations is rather easy. The finest means is to duplicate an existing web page and after that modify it from there.
However, ClickFunnels does not have a great deal of innovative split screening features that I have actually seen applied in other products like Thrive Leads.
For instance, there does not seem to be a way to immediately rotate your split examinations. And also I would enjoy to see ClickFunnels pick a "winning" divided test after a statistically significant amount of data has been gathered.
When it wased initially released, ClickFunnels was all regarding creating … well funnels. However Russell had also bigger ambitions for the product which's just how Actionetics and Backpack transpired.
With Actionetics, you could see everyone that has chosen into your listings via your ClickFunnels in the Get in touch with Accounts web page.
Just what's cool is that each of your leads is offered an Action Rating, which is based upon recency, frequency, monetary value and social scores. It primarily offers you a concept of which leads are more probable to purchase from you.
You can use Actionetics to send out email broadcasts and the email builder permits you to create nice looking emails. And Also Activity Funnels are Actionetics method of producing autoresponders with some minimal marketing automation functions.
While several of its features are fascinating, Actionetics still can't take on a complete fledged email company like ActiveCampaign, Drip or ConvertKit. Personally, I simply favor a standalone service where I'm not linked into an all-in-one service.
Among the very best ways to boost the sales of your item is to have an excellent associate program that attracts some leading affiliates.
That's what Backpack can do for you<|fim_middle|> I highly advise it.
Unlike rival products which enable you create single standalone web pages, ClickFunnels is about building different kinds of marketing funnels.
A funnel is essentially a series of web pages your site visitors go through to get to a certain objective and also it may resemble this.
A straightforward Lead Capture Funnel could consist of 2 web pages which collects a site visitor's e-mail address and also then sends them to a Thanks page when subscribing.
Or you can have extra innovative sales funnels which are comprised of several pages which sell to a visitor via each step of the channel.
ClickFunnels has its own unique collection of themes for each and every of the different funnel kinds it enables you to produce.
Or you could go back to square one and also build pages directly utilizing the ClickFunnels editor.
It allows you to conveniently place with each other different pages in your funnel with a simple factor and click interface.
ClickFunnels gives you rather a bit of adaptability in developing your pages. For example, you can easily relocate components around as well as position them where you desire, which is something the Leadpages editor does not enable.
I was instantly impressed by the ClickFunnels on-boarding procedure. They do an actually wise thing where they supply you a totally free ClickFunnels tee shirt simply for watching the intro training video clips.
It takes about 10 mins, and the the training video clips do offer you an excellent overview of how ClickFunnels works.
If you are vague with just what each channel does, there's an embedded video you could enjoy which clarifies just how it functions.
Pick the Funnel you desire as well as click the Develop Funnel button. You will be asked to offer your channel a name.
For each web page in your channel, you could select from the readily available layouts. Each template is skillfully developed and there is an excellent option to select from. And also, more are being included regularly.
If you don't see a layout that matches your current vision, I've found that it's equally as very easy to go back to square one. This can be done by selecting any type of theme and also then promptly deleting each of the areas on the page.
The fundamental building block of a ClickFunnels web page is a section. A regular funnel may have a header section, an above the fold content area and a footer section.
A lengthy kind sales page might also have an area for highlighting certain attributes or a section for reviews.
Areas are then more split into column rows. You can choose from a single column to up to 6 columns as well as any kind of number between.
Basic widgets include Heading, Photo, Text, Button, Input types and Video clip aspects.
As you mouseover any section, row or element, it will get highlighted and also clicking slide in the contextual editor from the best hand side where you can change its homes.
History shades, margins, typefaces, alignment can all be altered in addition to element particular residential or commercial properties like a specific photo link for the Picture aspect.
It's all fairly intuitive to use once you've experimented with points a little bit.
If you are marketing an item, then you desire to incorporate with a payment processor.
if you don't utilize any of those solutions, then I advise utilizing the Stripe assimilation since it is complimentary to signup for as well as utilize.
I really did not have any type of experience with Stripe until I checked it with ClickFunnels, however I discovered that it's an extremely simple method to take bank card payments.
Once you have created your Red stripe account, simply follow the easy instructions to connect it to your ClickFunnels account as well as you're all set.
Whenever anybody experiences the Order Web page form of your channel, it will instantly be utilized to gather repayment from your client.
In enhancement to aiding you develop each of the pages in your sales funnel, ClickFunnels likewise helps you track just how each page in your channel executes.
On top of each web page, you could see in real-time the overall number of visitors for every web page in the funnel, the number of visitors clicked the following switch of the page, and also the conversion price.
Split screening is likewise baked into ClickFunnels which is crucial for aiding you maximize the conversion rate of your funnels.
Establishing up a new split examinations is quite simple. The best means is to clone an existing page and after that modify it from there.
However, ClickFunnels does not have a whole lot of innovative split testing showcases that I've seen applied in various other items like Thrive Leads.
As an example, there does not seem to be a way to immediately rotate your split examinations. And I would certainly like to see ClickFunnels select a "winning" divided test after a statistically significant amount of data has actually been gathered.
When it was first launched, ClickFunnels was about developing … well funnels. However Russell had also larger passions for the item as well as that's how Actionetics and also Backpack happened.
Actionetics objectives to be a replacement for your preferred email solution carrier.
With Actionetics, you can see every person that has opted into your lists via your ClickFunnels in the Call Profiles web page.
Just what's cool is that each of your leads is provided an Action Rating, which is based upon recency, frequency, monetary value and social ratings. It essentially offers you a suggestion which leads are more probable to get from you.
You could use Actionetics to send out email broadcasts as well as the email builder permits you to develop nice looking emails. And Also Action Funnels are Actionetics method of creating autoresponders with some minimal advertising and marketing automation attributes.
While a few of its features are fascinating, Actionetics still can't take on a full fledged e-mail company like ActiveCampaign, Drip or ConvertKit. Directly, I just like a standalone service where I'm not tied right into an all-in-one solution.
Among the most effective ways to boost the sales of your product is to have a wonderful associate program that brings in some top affiliates.
That's exactly what Knapsack could do for you. It's essentialy a complete affiliate system for ClickFunnels that you can affix to any of your developed funnels.
Inside Knapsack, you can include whatever you need for affiliates to promote your product including associate links, e-mail swipe duplicate, as well as banner ads. You can additionally arrangement your affiliate payments and also see how well each of your associates is carrying out.
There's also support for Second tier payments which is an incredibly effective reward.
Over time, ClickFunnels has progressed their rates plans. In the beginning, they had 3 different prices rates, yet its currently been consolidated right into 2.
The most affordable ClickFunnels strategy is $97 a month. On this strategy you get accessibility to all the funnel creation devices, but you are restricted to developing 20 funnels, 100 pages as well as 20,000 site visitors. Unfortunately, you do not get accessibility to Actionetics as well as Knapsack with this plan.
For that, you'll need to choose the Etison Suite plan. It includes whatever, including Actionetics and also Backpack. You also obtain limitless funnels, pages and also site visitors. Nevertheless, this will run you $297 a month which is fairly high.
Both strategies also have a 2 Week cost-free trial so you can evaluate things out prior to you buy.
If you are reading this testimonial, you are most likely asking yourself exactly how ClickFunnels as compares to LeadPages.
At this existing time, LeadPages is the dominant leader in this touchdown page home builder room.
You could quickly see who is using LeadPages due to the fact that their design templates are so recognizable. Because it is so well recognized, a number of the top marketing experts are making use of the solution.
Russell is tailoring ClickFunnels to become his flagship product, so what you see currently is simply a preference of just what the product is mosting likely to look like in the future.
The toughness of ClickFunnels is it's very easy to utilize editor. It is even more flexible than the LeadPages editor although Leadpages has actually overtaken their new drag and drop editor.
Restricting adaptability is not always a bad thing. Because it makes building pages fast! And also that's where LeadPages actually beams.
One of the most reliable approach for expanding your email checklist now is making use of material upgrades. By producing targeted lead magnets to your most popular messages you could obtain optin conversion rates that much exceed your typical popup.
Nevertheless, some individuals want even more control to create pages to their specific specs. That's the power that ClickFunnels offers you. The expense of the power is included intricacy. ClickFunnels certainly has a higher understanding contour than LeadPages.
The other primary advantage is that ClickFunnels develops total sales funnels for you. And also all your stats via each stage of your channel are tracked.
With LeadPages, you could only create solitary web pages. So producing that initial sales web page is simple.
Yet exactly what regarding adding on an order kind? Upsells and downsells? LeadPages cannot do that, while ClickFunnels can.
Which method you go need to rely on the needs of your business.
If you do not mind the learning curve and want an all-in-one service to market your own product as well as have the ability to tailor every step of your funnels then ClickFunnels is certainly worth a look.
In the end, I would certainly just suggest trying ClickFunnels to see exactly how you like it. They provide a 2 Week free trial, so you can examine out all the attributes as well as see how it helps you.
I have actually been stressed with touchdown web page builders recently as you inform from my latest blog posts over the last few months.
I've been using it for greater than a month on a customer project of mine, as well as I am beginning to believe of it as LeadPages on steroids.
With its capability to develop complete sales funnels as well as its easy to utilize as well as effective editor, ClickFunnels supplies a clear obstacle to LeadPages' location as the finest landing page building contractor.
That's not to say that it's perfect, and in this buy Clickfunnels online promo codes September 2018 review I'm mosting likely to show you exactly how I have actually been using it and also how it compares with Leadpages and also SamCart.
By revealing you the staminas as well as weaknesses of each, I hope it will certainly assist you make the finest choice for which one to take on in your very own business.
ClickFunnels is currently a relatively mature solution developed by Russell Brunson and his team. It's now been operating for greater than 3 years at the time of this evaluation.
As a fast aside, I learned about ClickFunnels via Russell's brand-new book DotCom Secrets: The Underground Playbook for Growing Your Business Online. If you wish to learn ways to sell products, after that I extremely advise it.
Unlike rival items which permit you develop solitary standalone pages, ClickFunnels is about developing various types of marketing funnels.
A channel is basically a series of pages your visitors experience to get to a specific goal and it might look like this.
A straightforward Lead Capture Funnel may contain 2 web pages which gathers a visitor's e-mail address and also then sends them to a Thanks page when registering.
Or you might have more advanced sales funnels which are comprised of multiple pages which market to a site visitor with each step of the funnel.
Subscription Sites– Produce a recurring income by developing a complete blown subscription site.
ClickFunnels has its own unique collection of themes for each of the various funnel types it permits you to create.
It allows you to quickly assemble different web pages in your channel with a simple point and also click interface.
ClickFunnels gives you a fair bit of adaptability in developing your web pages. For instance, you could conveniently move aspects around and position them where you desire, which is something the Leadpages editor does not enable.
I was quickly excited by the ClickFunnels on-boarding process. They do a truly wise thing where they offer you a free ClickFunnels tee shirt just for watching the intro training video clips.
It takes about 10 mins, and also the the training video clips do offer you a good overview of exactly how ClickFunnels works.
Creating your initial funnel is simple. Click the Include Funnels switch as well as you are required to a display revealing all the channel kinds readily available.
If you are unclear with just what each funnel does, there's an embedded video clip you could watch which explains how it works.
Pages can be removed from the funnel by hovering as well as clicking the gigantic 'X' next to the page.
For each and every web page in your channel, you could select from the readily available layouts. Each theme is professionally made and also there is a great selection to pick from. And also, even more are being added regularly.
If you do not see a template that matches your current vision, I've found that it's equally as very easy to go back to square one. This can be done by selecting any design template and after that swiftly deleting each of the sections on the page.
The fundamental foundation of a ClickFunnels page is an area. A common channel might have a header section, an above the fold material section and also a footer section.
A long type sales page might additionally have an area for highlighting certain attributes or a section for endorsements.
Sections are then additional divided into column rows. You can pick from a solitary column to up to 6 columns and also any number in between.
As you mouseover any type of area, row or aspect, it will certainly obtain highlighted and clicking slide in the contextual editor from the appropriate hand side where you could alter its homes.
History colors, margins, font styles, placement could all be altered along with component particular homes like a details image link for the Photo component.
It's all fairly user-friendly to use once you have actually experimented with points a little bit.
I've been quite impressed by the editor as it strikes a nice equilibrium between adaptability and also ease of usage.
if you don't make use of any of those services, after that I suggest utilizing the Red stripe combination because it is free to signup for and utilize.
I really did not have any type of experience with Red stripe up until I checked it with ClickFunnels, but I located that it's an extremely basic means to take bank card repayments.
Once you have produced your Stripe account, simply follow the simple directions to link it to your ClickFunnels account and you're prepared.
Whenever anyone experiences the Order Page form of your channel, it will immediately be utilized to gather payment from your customer.
In enhancement to aiding you develop each of the web pages in your sales funnel, ClickFunnels also helps you track just how each page in your funnel executes.
At the top of each page, you could see in real-time the overall variety of site visitors for every page in the channel, the number of visitors clicked on the next switch of the page, as well as the conversion rate.
You will certainly likewise see a chart revealing your statistics over a defined amount of time.
Establishing a brand-new split tests is rather simple. The ideal method is to duplicate an existing web page and after that modify it from there.
Regrettably, ClickFunnels does not have a great deal of innovative split screening includes that I've seen implemented in various other items like Thrive Leads.
As an example, there doesn't appear to be a means to automatically revolve your split examinations. And also I would like to see ClickFunnels select a "winning" divided examination after a statistically significant amount of information has been gathered.
When it wased initially released, ClickFunnels was everything about developing … well funnels. Yet Russell had even larger aspirations for the product which's how Actionetics as well as Backpack happened.
With Actionetics, you could see everyone who has actually decided right into your lists through your ClickFunnels in the Call Accounts web page.
What's cool is that each of your leads is given an Activity Rating, which is based on recency, regularity, financial worth and social scores. It essentially provides you a concept which leads are more probable to purchase from you.
You could use Actionetics to send out e-mail programs and the e-mail builder permits you to develop good looking emails. As Well As Activity Funnels are Actionetics means of producing autoresponders with some restricted advertising automation functions.
While a few of its features are fascinating, Actionetics still can not contend with a full fledged e-mail provider like ActiveCampaign, Drip or ConvertKit. Directly, I just prefer a standalone service where I'm not connected right into an all-in-one option.
One of the most effective means to boost the sales of your item is to have a great affiliate program that brings in some leading affiliates.
That's just what Knapsack could do for you. It's essentialy a total affiliate system for ClickFunnels that you can affix to any one of your produced funnels.
Inside Knapsack, you can add whatever you need for associates to advertise your item consisting of associate web links, e-mail swipe duplicate, and also banner ads. You could additionally setup your affiliate payments and see just how well each of your affiliates is carrying out.
With time, ClickFunnels has progressed their pricing strategies. At first, they had 3 different rates rates, yet its currently been combined right into 2.
The cheapest ClickFunnels plan is $97 a month. On this plan you get access to all the channel development tools, but you are limited to developing 20 funnels, 100 web pages as well as 20,000 site visitors. Unfortunately, you don't obtain accessibility to Actionetics and Backpack with this plan.
For that, you'll have to select the Etison Suite strategy. It includes whatever, including Actionetics and Knapsack. You likewise get unlimited funnels, pages and visitors. Nonetheless, this will run you $297 a month which is rather high.
Both plans additionally have a 14 day complimentary trial so you could examine points out before you buy.
You can quickly see that is using LeadPages since their themes are so recognizable. Because it is so popular, a number of the leading online marketers are making use of the solution.
Russell is tailoring ClickFunnels to become his front runner item, so what you see currently is just a taste of just what the product is mosting likely to look like in the future.
The stamina of ClickFunnels is it's simple to utilize editor. It is even more adaptable than the LeadPages editor although Leadpages has actually captured up with their brand-new drag and also decrease editor.
Limiting versatility is not always a poor point. Due to the fact that it makes creating pages fast! Which's where LeadPages actually shines.
One of the most efficient method for growing your email listing now is using material upgrades. By creating targeted lead magnets to your most popular blog posts you can obtain optin conversion rates that much surpass your common popup.
However, some individuals desire more control to produce web pages to their exact specifications. That's the power that ClickFunnels gives you. The price of the power is included complexity. ClickFunnels absolutely has a higher discovering contour compared to LeadPages.
The other primary advantage is that ClickFunnels develops complete sales funnels for you. As well as all your stats with each phase of your funnel are tracked.
With LeadPages, you could only develop solitary pages. So creating that first sales page is simple.
However just what regarding including on an order kind? Upsells and also downsells? LeadPages can not do that, while ClickFunnels can.
If you do not mind the understanding curve and also want an all-in-one remedy to offer your very own product and also have the ability to customize every action of your funnels after that ClickFunnels is definitely worth a look.
In the long run, I would certainly simply suggest trying ClickFunnels to see just how you like it. They supply a 2 Week complimentary test, so you could check out all the functions and also see how it works for you. | . It's essentialy a total associate platform for ClickFunnels that you could connect to any one of your developed funnels.
Inside Backpack, you could include whatever you require for affiliates to promote your product including associate web links, email swipe duplicate, and banner ads. You can likewise configuration your affiliate payments and see just how well each of your affiliates is executing.
There's also support for 2nd tier payments which is an extremely effective motivation.
Gradually, ClickFunnels has evolved their pricing plans. In the beginning, they had 3 different prices rates, but its now been settled right into 2.
The most affordable ClickFunnels strategy is $97 a month. On this plan you obtain accessibility to all the channel production tools, but you are limited to creating 20 funnels, 100 pages as well as 20,000 site visitors. However, you don't obtain accessibility to Actionetics as well as Knapsack with this strategy.
For that, you'll have to choose the Etison Collection plan. It includes everything, consisting of Actionetics and Knapsack. You additionally get unlimited funnels, web pages and also site visitors. Nonetheless, this will run you $297 a month which is rather steep.
Both plans additionally have a 2 Week free trial so you could examine things out prior to you purchase.
If you are reading this review, you are possibly asking yourself just how ClickFunnels compares with LeadPages.
At this present point, LeadPages is the leading leader in this touchdown web page builder area.
You could quickly see that is utilizing LeadPages due to the fact that their design templates are so well-known. Since it is so well recognized, most of the leading online marketers are using the solution.
Russell is gearing ClickFunnels to become his front runner item, so what you see now is simply a taste of just what the item is mosting likely to appear like in the future.
The toughness of ClickFunnels is it's simple to use editor. It is much more flexible than the LeadPages editor although Leadpages has actually caught up with their brand-new drag and also drop editor.
Restricting flexibility is not always a negative thing. Since it makes constructing pages quick! And that's where LeadPages actually beams.
The most effective approach for growing your e-mail list right currently is making use of content upgrades. By creating targeted lead magnets to your most popular blog posts you can obtain optin conversion prices that much surpass your standard popup.
Nonetheless, some people desire more control to produce web pages to their specific specifications. That's the power that ClickFunnels gives you. The price of the power is added complexity. ClickFunnels absolutely has a higher discovering curve compared to LeadPages.
The various other major advantage is that ClickFunnels develops total sales funnels for you. And all your stats with each stage of your channel are tracked.
With LeadPages, you could just create single pages. So producing that initial sales page is straightforward.
If you don't mind the discovering contour and also want an all-in-one solution to sell your personal product and also have the ability to customize every action of your funnels then ClickFunnels is absolutely worth a look.
Ultimately, I would certainly just recommend experimenting with ClickFunnels to see just how you like it. They supply a 14 day complimentary test, so you can test out all the features and see how it works for you.
I have been obsessed with landing web page home builders lately as you distinguish my most current articles over the last number of months.
With its capacity to produce total sales funnels as well as its simple to make use of and also effective editor, ClickFunnels supplies a clear obstacle to LeadPages' location as the most effective landing web page builder.
That's not to say that it's excellent, and in this buy Clickfunnels online promo codes September 2018 testimonial I'm going to reveal you how I have actually been utilizing it and also just how it compares with Leadpages as well as SamCart.
By showing you the staminas and also weak points of each, I hope it will assist you make the ideal choice for which one to adopt in your very own company.
ClickFunnels is currently a relatively fully grown solution created by Russell Brunson and his team. It's now been up and running for greater than 3 years at the time of this evaluation.
As a quick aside, I discovered about ClickFunnels via Russell's brand-new publication DotCom Keys: The Below Ground Playbook for Growing Your Business Online. If you desire to discover how you can sell products, after that | 962 |
Definition of Tenant. Meaning of Tenant. Synonyms of Tenant
Here you will find one or more explanations in English for the word Tenant. Also in the bottom left of the page several parts of wikipedia pages related to the word Tenant and, of course, Tenant synonyms and on the right images related to the word Tenant.
Definition of Tenant
Tenant Ten"ant, n. [F. tenant, p. pr. of tenir to hold. See Tenable, and cf. Lieutenant.] 1. (Law) One who holds or possesses lands, or other real estate, by any kind of right, whether in fee simple, in common, in severalty, for life, for years, or at will; also, one who has the occupation or temporary possession of lands or tenements the title of which is in another; -- correlative to landlord. See Citation from --Blackstone, under Tenement, 2. --Blount. Wharton. 2. One who has possession of any place; a dweller; an occupant. ``Sweet tenants of this grove.' --Cowper. The hhappy tenant of your shade. --Cowley. The sister tenants of the middle deep. --Byron. Tenant in capite [L. in in + capite, abl.<|fim_middle|> in feudal land law Tenement (law), the holder of a legal...
- The Tenant (French: Le locataire) is a 1976 French psychological horror film directed by Roman Polanski, starring Polanski, Isabelle Adjani, Melvyn Douglas...
- In retail, an "anchor tenant", sometimes called an "anchor store", "draw tenant", or "key tenant", is a considerably larger tenant in a shopping mall, often...
- A tenant farmer is one who resides on land owned by a landlord. Tenant farming is an agricultural production system in which landowners contribute their...
- The Tenant of Wildfell Hall is the second and final novel written by English author Anne Brontë. It was first published in 1848 under the pseudonym Acton...
- Free tenants, also known as free peasants, were tenant farmer peasants in medieval England who occupied a unique place in the medieval hierarchy. They...
- arrangement with regard to agricultural land in which a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on that land...
- The Tenant (original French title Le Locataire chimérique, in English The Chimeric Tenant) is a novel by Roland Topor. Originally published in France...
- daughter Nellie while playing for Derry City FC. McLeod was descended from tenant farmers from the Isle of Mull. At the age of three, Tennant told his parents...
- In medieval and early modern Europe, the term tenant-in-chief (or v****al-in-chief) denoted a person who held his lands under various forms of feudal land...
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Related images to Tenant
This is the place for Tenant definition. You find here Tenant meaning, synonyms of Tenant and images for Tenant | of caput head, chief.], or Tenant in chief, by the laws of England, one who holds immediately of the king. According to the feudal system, all lands in England are considered as held immediately or mediately of the king, who is styled lord paramount. Such tenants, however, are considered as having the fee of the lands and permanent possession. --Blackstone. Tenant in common. See under Common.
Meaning of Tenant from wikipedia
- Tenant may refer to: Tenant, the holder of a leasehold estate in real estate Tenant-in-chief, | 114 |
From 10 a.m. to 7 p.m., visitors can groove to the sounds of national and local bands. Performers will include Mark St. Mary Louisiana Blues and Zydeco Band, the Sheryl Cormier Band, Andre Thierry and Zydeco Magic and Terrance Simien & the Zydeco Experience. Besides Southern and Cajun food for sale, you can visit the farm animals, shop specialty vendors, and join in the dancing and dance lessons. Advance tickets are available online through Monday at www.ebparks.org or by calling 888-327-2757 and selecting option 2. The price is $18 per adult (16 and older) and $3 per child (4 through 15 years). Ages 3 and younger get in free.
Menlo Charity Horse Show gala, "Jazzed Up — San Francisco Style!" Aug, 11, Immediately following show-jumping event, Food, auction, performance by Diane Schuur, Menlo Circus Club, 190 Park Lane, Atherton, $275, reservations required; email gala@menlohorseshow.org, Victorian Days at the Old Courthouse, 11 a.m.-3 p.m, Aug, 13, Craft activities for children, Victorian Tea in historic Courtroom A, re-enactors playing local Victorian millionaires, Free admission to the museum, Victorian Tea is $5 for adults, $3 for youngsters, For silver ballet orchid necklace - ballet slipper , pointe shoe,ballet dancer necklace,party collection ,holiday gift.ballerina dan reservations, call 650-299-0104 or visit www.historysmc.org, Sponsored by Cypress Lawn Heritage Foundation, San Mateo County History Museum<|fim_middle|> Comedy covers 37 plays in less than two hours. Mountain View Center for the Performing Arts Second Stage, 500 Castro St., Mountain View. $17-$22. mvcpa.com or 650-903-6000. Woodside Community Theatre: "Annie." Oct. 20-29. Directed by Gary Stanford Jr. Musical direction by Kristin Pfeifer. Choreography by Stanford, Kim Harvath and Gary Ferguson. Featuring Brynn Ayoob, Steve Wilner, Jessica LaFever, Minna Rogers, Torry Rothstein and Allie Townsend. Woodside Performing Arts Center, Woodside High School, 199 Churchill Ave., Woodside. $15-$30 (group discounts available). http://www.brownpapertickets.com/event/3056554.
Hometown Holidays Community Celebration: 10 a.m.-8 p.m, Dec, 2, Parade, carnival, free admission to San Mateo County History Museum, snow-play area, live music, Santa Claus photos, rides, food, tree-lighting, Caltrain Holiday Train at 6:10 p.m, Downtown Redwood City, Free admission; charges for rides, food, http://www.hometownholidays.org, Music at Kohl Mansion, 2017-18 season: Master classes at 5 p.m., talks at 6 p.m., performances at 7 p.m, Dec, 17: pianist Joyce Yang, Jan, 21: Parker Quartet, Feb, 4: Manasse-Nakamatsu Duo, March 4: Henschel silver ballet orchid necklace - ballet slipper , pointe shoe,ballet dancer necklace,party collection ,holiday gift.ballerina dan Quartett, Telegraph Quartet and bassist Scott Pingel, March 25: Camerata RCO (musicians of the Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra), April 15: Daedalus Quartet, Kohl Mansion, 2750 Adeline Drive, Burlingame, $20-$50, info@musicatkohl.org, www.musicatkohl.org or 650-762-1130..
What can I bring to Coachella?. You drove all this way to the desert, you walked about a mile from your car to get to the gate and now do you really want to have to go back to your car to drop off that switchblade and the little bit of weed you thought you cleverly stashed in a lighter that you just found out you couldn't bring in? No, no you don't. So make sure you read the list of all the things you can and can't bring in on the Coachella website because it's a long list and there are some surprising items not allowed in, such as hula hoops. Sorry hula hoopers, your hips aren't going to be able to party as usual at Coachella. But yes, you can bring in your dancing shoes. No joke, dancing shoes were actually on the list of stuff you could bring in last year. | , Courthouse, 2200 Broadway St., Redwood City..
Upstage Theater: "The Complete Works of William Shakespeare (Abridged)." 7:30 p.m. Oct. 20; 2 and 7:30 p.m. Oct. 21; 7:30 p.m. Oct. 22. | 77 |
Fostering a company culture focused on the organization's values and mission statement provides a myriad of benefits to your government technology business. This becomes especially important when your firm operates in the defense tech industry. You want to attract great candidates and subcontractors able to thrive in this unique environment.
Simply put, advertising your organization's mission and culture in this manner ensures your company employs the right talent that leads to successful technical project outcomes. Expect a healthier bottom line and unparalleled success<|fim_middle|> keeping things simple and to the point. This approach helps make your government tech company's culture an important factor in your future success.
If you need additional advice on building the best tech firm possible, talk with the knowledgeable group at Entrust Solutions. | for your organization as well as its employees and partners.
Here's how mission statements help build a foundation for success at your technology organization.
Technology professionals work harder when they believe in their employer's mission. In the defense industry, the best candidates draw inspiration by helping both their country and their employer. To attract the best IT pros, companies in this sector need to author compelling statements encompassing the organization's values, vision and mission.
Putting these sometimes nebulous concepts into black and white helps build a company culture able to attract the best. When competing for tech talent and profitable government contract work, this approach ensures your organization stands out from the pack.
Any IT company's vision statement describes the future it strives to achieve by acting on its mission statement. Additionally, the value statement highlights the company culture by explaining the philosophies and principles of how the organization conducts business.
Organizations working in IT for the government and the defense industry should publicize all three statements on their corporate website and other related documentation. Since cultural fit impacts your ability to attract, hire, and retain technology candidates who share similar values, also highlight this information on job ads and when attending defense industry IT conferences. This helps you find the right talent able to thrive in your office.
With corporate mission statements, it's important not to fall in a trap of authoring something clichéd and dull. Use inspirational language for the most impact. Additionally, describe what differentiates your organization from other government IT solution providers.
Ultimately, work together with your company leadership to author something memorable and different, while also | 311 |
When I think about the Advent season this year, I feel a bit overwhelmed. Not only does it mean that there are Christmas presents to buy and wrap, parties to attend, cookies to bake and decorations to put up, but it means that the weather is turning, the light disappearing and the cold creeping in. As the days grow shorter my inclination is to turn inward, to hunker down in<|fim_middle|> that this extraordinary power belongs to God and does not come from us" (4:6-7). Did you catch that? Not only did the Light come through Christ, not only did God rend the division between earth and the heavens once and for all, but his Light—the knowledge of His glory—is now in us. Imperfect clay jars though we are, He is still molding us, still willing to use us to display His glory. We are not stuck in this season of waiting, and we are not a people of permanent darkness. We are a people that have seen the Light and now have its power inside us. So how can you this Advent be a vessel of light? How can you be mindful of the reality of the darkness even as you remember the Light that has conquered it? How can you help your brothers and sisters in Christ remember that Christmas is not about the trappings, but about God addressing our need for His presence by rending the heavens, sending his Son-light to illuminate the dark world? | the coziness of home and use the chill as an excuse to stay in. And in the midst of this season—this combination of frenzied holiday preparations and cold that makes you want to just hibernate for a bit—we are supposed to spend time contemplating our sin, the darkness of the world, our need for the light of Christ. Sometimes it feels like a lot just to focus on all the trappings that come with Christmas, but we are called to more. We are called to Advent as a time of recognizing that we dwell in darkness until the arrival of the One who set things alight.
Thank goodness for Scripture, which gives word to the realities whose existence we sometimes find it easier to forget. This passage in Isaiah does just that, calling on God to "rend the heavens and come down" because "we have all become like one who is unclean, and all our righteous deeds are like a filthy cloth." Come down, Lord, here where we are so sinful that even our good deeds are filthy. Come down here where we are selfish. Here where we ignore you, here where we're mired in sin. Come down here where there is "no one who calls upon your name," where were find it easier to pretend you don't exist.
But why? Why should God descend into this place where "no one rouses themselves to take hold of Him?" The prophet gives the reason: God is our Father, and He is not done with us yet. As a father patiently molds and disciplines his children, so "We are the clay, and you are our potter; we are all the work of your hand" (v.8). In 2 Corinthians, we find this image of the potter further illuminated: "For it is the God who said, 'Let light shine out of darkness,' who has shone in our hearts to give us the light of the knowledge of the glory of God in the face of Jesus Christ. But we have this treasure in clay jars, so that it may be made clear | 413 |
Appreciation for Dean Rafael Zapata
December 6, 2011 Lee Smithey Leave a comment
by Lee Smithey
This afternoon, I attended a remarkable (and tasty and musical) reception in appreciation of Dean Rafael Zapata, who will be taking up a new position as Chief Diversity Officer and Associate Vice President at Providence College. Those who spoke shared Dean Zapata's personal warmth, his deep intellectualism, his love and concern for students, and his relentless commitment to social justice and diversity. It really was moving, especially the spoken word tributes by students and Prof. Kai Campbell.
Dean Zapata, from the Peace and Conflict Studies program, we wish you all success in your new position at a very fortunate institution! You will be missed, but I am already committing myself to think of you as our friend at another college. We still have much to learn from you.
academicsdiversitysocial justicestudent lifeSwarthmore College
Islam: Reform and Revival
From our friends at Haverford: A one-day symposium on "Islam: Reform and Revival."
This will be an opportunity to share in the reflections of four distinguished participants in current debates about the nature of Islam (sponsored by the Center for Peace and Global Citizenship and the Distinguished Visitor's Committee). On Thursday, 8 December, in Stokes 106, Abdulkarim Soroush, MohsenKadivar, Ali Mirsepassi, and Mahoud Sadri will be on campus sharing their thoughts and inviting our reflections on contemporary reform in Islam.
Professor Soroush has been visiting with us at Haverford this semester;
Professor Kadivar is a distinguished Iranian "cleric" and philosopher, who studied with Grand Ayatollah Montazeri in Qum and received his Ph.D. in Islamic Philosophy and Theology from Tarbiat Modarres University in Tehran.
Ali Mirsepassi is Professor of Middle Eastern Studies and Sociology at NYU, and Mahoud Sadri is Professor of Sociology at Texas Woman's University.
The symposium begins at 9:30 and ends at 4:30 with a break for lunch in the CPCG Cafe.
Download a poster here.
Contact: Prof. Mark Gould
Islamphilosophysociologytheoology
Listen to Prof. George Lakey on #Occupy
December 1, 2011 Lee Smithey 1 Comment
In case you missed Peace and Conflict Studies Prof. George Lakey's interview about the Occupy movement on Radio Times today, you can listen at the bottom of this post or on the Radio Times site.
Summary From Radio Times:
Occupy protesters were evicted in Philadelphia and Los Angeles overnight. We'll get an update on the latest news of the confrontations between protesters and police and we'll take stock of the Occupy movement, what it's done and failed to do, how it fits into U.S. political mainstream and social movement history, and how it doesn't, and the messages the campaign has sought to project vs. the message we in the media have conveyed vs. the messages received by the public at large. Joining us in studio is GEORGE LAKEY, longtime nonviolence activist, founder of Training for Change and research associate at Swarthmore College's Lang Center for Civic and Social Responsibility. And we'll also hear from WILL MARSHALL, president and founder of the Progressive Policy Institute, a leading intellectual of the American centrist left and a critic of the Occupy movement. And finally, we'll hear from MATTATHIAS SCHWARTZ, a writer whose examination of the roots and dynamics of the Occupy movement, "Pre-Occupied," was published in this week's The New Yorker.
Peace and Conflict Studies Professor George Lakey on Radio<|fim_middle|>011
Global Nonviolent Action DatabaseLakeynonviolentoccupysocial movementsstrategy | Times on #Occupy November 30, 2 | 12 |
Pakistan Science Mission (PSM) is honored to be conference partner.
On behalf the ICAF<|fim_middle|> also outside Turkey.
I extremely encourage all of you to exchange ideas with colleagues; this is indeed a very good opportunity to meet international experts at a one place. In the name of the Conference committee, we highly welcome all of you. We are pleased to keep working to provide you with the best experience at this conference. | 2016 organizing committee, it is my honour and pleasure to welcome all delegates, participants and visitors to the 1st International Conference on Alternative Fuels: Futures and Challenges to be held in the beautiful town of Kayseri (Turkey) from December 02nd to 04th 2016. This Conference is the first conference to be held in Kayseri and we are looking forward to organizing it every year. The conference will be organized by Bio GreenPower Ltd (UK), Erciyes University and Erciyes Teknopark. Therefore, we would like to cordially invite you to participate in this event.
Kayseri is a large and industrialized city in Central Anatolia, Turkey. It is the seat of Kayseri Province. Kayseri is located at the foot of the extinct volcano Mount Erciyes that towers 3916 m over the city. The city is often cited in the first ranks among Turkey's cities that fit the definition of Anatolian Tigers. The city is rich in historical monuments, dating especially from the Seljuk period. While it is generally visited en route to the international tourist attractions of Cappadocia, Kayseri has many visitor's attractions by its own right: Seljuk and Ottoman era monuments in and around the city centre, Mount Erciyes as a trekking and alpinism centre, Zamantı River as a rafting centre, the historic sites of Kültepe, Ağırnas, Talas and Develi, to name a few. Kayseri is served by Erkilet International Airport and is home to Erciyes University.
Therefore, we are so glad to having you here with us in Kayseri for what promises to be our best and most memorable event. We promise to pack all conference days with technical talks, high quality oral and poster presentations and the chance to meet people from many countries all over the world to discuss the recent researches in Alternative Fuels to environmentally protect our globe from climate change.
The purpose of the International Conference on Alternative Fuels (ICAF-2016) is to bring together researchers, industry and engineers to share and discuss advances and developments in Alternative Fuels and their recent applications.
Development of new alternative fuels and biofuels processing technologies.
New perspectives of alternative fuels.
New developments in microalgae for biofuels production.
Physical and chemical properties of alternative fuels and their improvement.
Predicting the properties of alternative fuels blends.
Modelling and experimental investigation of engine performance and emissions of alternative fuels.
Novel nano-catalysts for biodiesel production.
Socioeconomic and environmental impacts of alternative fuels.
Future challenges, directions and economics of alternative fuels.
I hope that the scientific program will be useful and informative.
Therefore, we welcome high quality submissions that could contribute to this promising area of research. All submissions will be sent to professional reviewers to help the authors improve their submissions. Based on reviewers' comments, all authors will be requested to revise their work accordingly before final submission. We believe this careful consideration will help to establish a high quality and comprehensive program of presentations. Moreover, our team will do the best to help interested participants to apply early for travel fund and entry visa by issuing the necessary documents.
Apart from that we are also planning to organize poster session and industry booth in Erciyes Teknopark. This will give you a good chance to meet with other active R & D companies in Turkey and | 715 |
The Art of Transformation"is an exhibition which comprises the artwork and writing by prisoners incarcerated on death row, San Quentin, California.
In April 2015, Nicola White visited her penfriend in San Quentin, after six years of correspondence. He explained how many inmates use creative expression to escape their present circumstances. ArtReach was born out of the idea of offering these artists a platform to express themselves and share their art. She now works with over 25 prisoners who regularly send her artwork and poems.
"Painting, like any art form, whether it's the performing art or the written art form, creates a focus and a meditative state of mind. I think, why the prisoners paint has to do with healing internal sounds and resolving inner conflicts within themselves and trying to find some redemptive value in their own life. I also think they create art because it comes from a primal need to express themselves in a meaningful way. In many cases these prisoners never had an opportunity to do that" Steve Champion, age 5<|fim_middle|>% is donated to charity. | 4, San Quentin death row prisoner since 1984.
Artwork is for sale, with proceeds going towards helping inmates to buy art materials. 10 | 34 |
We saw this movie by accident. We actually were hoping to catch an advanced screening of "The Nice Guys," but<|fim_middle|> the cure
Prev Captain America: Civil War (No Spoilers)
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The Film School says:
Pretty great film to catch by accident! Just reviewed this film, absolutely loved it, a great story and beautiful performances from the cast, particularly Jack Reynor.
T. B. Fessenden says:
Agreed!! Jack Reynor was incredible!
Ethan Brundeen says:
How lucky for you that the film you saw by accident was in fact so fantastic. I really enjoyed your review, especially your point about the cinematography being from Conor's perspective, I hadn't considered that. Thanks again! | by the time we realized the screening was the day prior, we were already finishing up our beer & dinner. So anyway, we made do with being in town, and decided to see "Sing Street."
"Sing Street" is a musical comedy-drama that made it to Sundance Film Festival in January 2016. As of writing this article, it scores 96% on Rotten Tomatoes. I have to say, I agree.
Spoiler-Free Plot Synopsis
The movie takes place in 1985, in Dublin, Ireland (AKA the era of incredible music). The protagonist, Connor "Cosmo" Lalor (Ferdia Walsh-Peelo) is a teenaged boy struggling to deal with his parents' crumbling financial & emotional stability alongside his brother, Brendan (Jack Reynor) and his sister, Ann (Kelly Thornton). His father, Robert (Aiden Gillen) and his mother, Penny (Maria Doyle Kennedy) argue often, but agree that in order to salvage their economic situation, Connor will transfer from his private school to a public school, called the Synge Street Catholic Boys School.
Outside of the school, he meets an attractive girl, Raphina (Lucy Boynton); and in a quickly-spun lie, he invites her to star in a music video for his band. Thus, he scrambles to assemble a band and forms Sing Street. In an effort to impress Raphina, and keep her from moving to London (as well as escape the stressors he experiences at home and at school) he writes several songs with the band, and embarks on a creative adventure and exploration of music and identity.
What I loved most about this movie was its self-awareness. It actually reminded me of my own teenaged years, and how my idea of what was "cool" was heavily influenced by the music I enjoyed, and the people I respected. The film respected teenaged angst in a retrospective way, acknowledging it as an important formulating part of life; but the film also regularly stepped back to look at itself through the lens of absurdity. It also acknowledged what comes with the teenaged desire to "fit in" and "stand out" simultaneously — silly outfits, visions of grandeur, and the gawkiness that comes with inexperience.
"Sing Street" was a great reflection on youth, on creativity, and on using art as a means to cope with unpleasant realities. Each of the teens in the story had his/her own struggles, and all of them sought solace through the band and what it brought. Most importantly, it invigorated a sense of hope and opportunity. And when paired with an excellent soundtrack — including the likes of A-ha, The Cure, Duran Duran, Spandau Ballet, and others — it accomplished, with flying colors, a full experience of nostalgia.
To top it off, the imagery paired very well with much of the dialogue, and each shot artfully supported the narrative from Connor's perspective. The original songs are also extremely catchy & perfect for the era (composed by writer/director Carney, 80s veteran composer Gary Clark, and Adam Levine). "Drive It Like You Stole It" in particular is bound to get stuck in your head forever, and "Girls" is also pretty phenomenal. If you don't watch the movie, you'll get a kick out of the soundtrack alone. Overall, I felt great about this movie, and I highly recommend it.
Score: A+
Posted in Unwelcome ReviewsTagged 80s, a-ha, critique, duran duran, movie, music, review, sing street, sundance, | 751 |
How Could Divorce Affect Your Mortgage?
As if the emotional strain of divorce wasn't enough, discussing financial matters is another hurdle to tackle. If you're fortunate enough to be in agreement and amicable with your ex, then there is no reason why monetary matters can't be ironed out quickly. However, this is rarely the case and both parties want to<|fim_middle|> fear no more. In the UK, the family home is considered a joint asset, regardless of who is on the paperwork, who pays the mortgage and who pays the bills. If you are married, the matrimonial home belongs to you both. The only time an issue will arise is if your ex-spouse owned the property before you were married.
If you are in any doubt as to where you stand regarding your property and divorce proceedings seek the help of a legal representative as soon as possible. When it comes to your mortgage we advise you liaise with your lender immediately. | leave their marriage with what they believe is fair and will allow them to move on comfortably.
Many couples who seek a divorce often share a mortgage on a property. This is known as a joint mortgage and means that both your names are on the mortgage documents. This means you are both equally as responsible for the mortgage repayments on your home.
When you divorce or separate the mortgage will need to be paid as normal. If you or your ex have moved out of the family home, it is still their duty to ensure the mortgage is paid, along with yourself. A joint mortgage means you are both equally liable for the debt regardless of whether you live in the property.
If you or your ex fall behind on payments or refuse to pay, this can result in you losing your home. Both you and your ex partner's credit ratings would be damaged and securing another mortgage in the future would be difficult.
Whether you are financially comfortable enough to pay the mortgage or whether you have left the property and have zero income, let your mortgage lender know. Contact them immediately, especially if you fear falling behind on your payments. Many lenders appreciate honesty and being kept in the loop. You are their customer and they will be as empathetic as possible as long as lines of communication are kept open. When it comes to your mortgage burying your head in the sand is not an option.
If you are struggling to pay your mortgage and your ex is refusing to help you, your lender can present you with different options for repayment. Sometimes they will allow you to make smaller payments for a period of time until you have formulated a plan of action. Another option they may offer is a mortgage payment holiday.
Your lender will send any paperwork needed to apply for a mortgage payment holiday. They will also be able to calculate what your mortgage repayments will be after this period. You should asses whether their mortgage holiday is right for you and whether you could afford the repayments once the timeframe is over.
By far the best option is for both you and your ex-spouse to continue paying the mortgage. If you are on agreeable terms and can afford to do so then this is an ideal path to take. Make sure that both you and your ex are able to pay the mortgage, as well as any general living costs and ensure the needs of any children are paramount.
If one of you is happy to pay the mortgage and wants to remain in the home, you can transfer the property and mortgage into one name. The remaining party will need to buy the other out of their share in the family home, including their equity.
It is likely that the mortgage lender will require proof that the remaining occupant can afford the mortgage alone to grant you to become the sole mortgage and property owner.
Many couples, particularly those who do not have any children, often find it easiest to move out of the property and sell it. This can often give you and your ex a clean break and some sort of financial buffer to continue on with your lives following the sale of the home.
Typically, any mortgage that needs paying off will be deducted from the final sale price of the house. This remaining figure will be split between you and your ex. Who receives what portion of the cash can open a can of worms in itself. Often, trying to reach a decision or splitting 50/50 is the quickest and cheapest course of action.
If you and your ex do not have the time to spare putting your house up for sale with your local estate agent or fancy dodging further expenses, get in touch with WeBuyAnyHome today. We won't charge you any fees and we will cover your legal costs. Furthermore, we can have your property sold in seven days if it suits you. Get a cash offer today and help take the stress and expenditure out of selling your home.
If you have read this article and feel like you have no legal rights because you are not featured on the mortgage or the deed of your home, | 797 |
Tiger Chat
The Tiger Den
LSU Country
Road to the Pros: Whether Drafted High or Low, LSU's Rashard Lawrence Wants the Chance to Prove Himself
Lawrence projected as third round pick by multiple outlets
Harrison Valentine
Mar 29, 2020 9:45 AM EDT
Rashard Lawrence's decision to come back to LSU in 2019 stemmed off one thing: the chance to win a national title. He knew how special the team could be after the Fiesta Bowl win over UCF, and 12 months later, as the confetti came streaming down, his exact vision came to fruition.
Lawrence was known to be a gentile giant during his time in Baton Rouge. His personality doesn't necessarily personify his play on the field, which is fierce and ferocious. He flips a mental switch on Saturday nights in the fall, becoming one of the toughest interior defensive lineman in the nation.
"He's a tough dude," said Kyle Crabbs of The Draft Network. "Not often found off the point of attack or bubbled by drive blocks. His motor meets required levels when scraping or pursuing the football laterally. That said, asking him to get range side to side will negatively impact his ability to hold ground due to hip tightness."
Any organization that chooses to draft Lawrence is getting someone with a ton of heart. The 6-foot-2, 308-pound 'Teddy Bear' played through injuries for a good portion of his career with the Tigers, but the production never wavered. Even on a bad ankle at times, Lawrence proved to be a steadily dominant presence up the middle.
At the NFL Scouting Combine in Indianapolis, Lawrence ran a productive 5.07 40-yard dash time in his second attempt. Totaling 120 tackles and nine sacks in his impressive four-year tenure at LSU, Lawrence is currently a projected third round draft selection, per multiple draft<|fim_middle|> Tigers. Stay tuned for updates as the situation develops.
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Most Intriguing Destination: As a graduate of both Neville High School and LSU, Lawrence has played football in Louisiana his whole life, but a possible move up north to Detroit could be a likely destination on draft night, and the Lions are in need of an interior defensive lineman. Wherever he gets picked, Lawrence is just ready to get to work, and excited to prove his worth.
"Certainly looks the part of an NFL defensive tackle while showcasing some likable first step quickness and motor," said Joe Marino of The Draft Network. "Works hard to grease angles and get to the edges of blocks so that he can penetrate. Pursuit effort and urgency is excellent. Highly regarded for his football character and leadership traits within the LSU program."
Everywhere Lawrence has gone in the game of football, he's been a winner. As he embarks on his next chapter as a professional, there's no reason he can't do the same in the National Football League.
"I'm gonna prove that I belong wherever I go," Lawrence told Justin Melo of DraftWire. "Whether I get drafted early or late, I'm gonna bring my intangibles with me and work extremely hard to reward the organization that decides to pick me. I've won a State Championship and I've now won a National Championship as well. I wanna pick up that Lombardi trophy next."
Writer's Note: With the NFL Draft just under six weeks from now, concerns surrounding COVID-19 will likely force the league to make some tough decisions in the coming weeks. For Lawrence and the other LSU draft prospects, the early rounds in Las Vegas were primed to be dominated by | 376 |
Investigation: Momentum
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Background on Momentum
Non-party campaigners
Members association
Offences committed as a non-party campaigner
Offences committed as a members association
Further information on legislation
First published: 6 March 2019 Last updated: 6 March 2019
We have investigated Momentum for failing to comply with political finance laws, both as a members association and when campaigning in the 2017 general election. We concluded that Momentum committed offences, and we have fined them £16,700.
Non-party campaigners are essential for a healthy democracy. But just as crucial is that after a poll, voters can see complete and accurate spending returns. This is the biggest fine that we have to date levied on a non-party campaigner for the submission of an inaccurate spending return. It reflects Momentum's repeated revisions to<|fim_middle|> provided, and he agreed, to attend a voluntary interview to provide explanation. The interview was to take place in October 2018, but Mr Miah did not provide the information and further version of the return he had previously agreed to give us. We did not therefore proceed with the interview.
We were satisfied at that time that we had given Momentum and Mr Miah sufficient opportunity to explain the regulated expenditure at the general election and to provide any explanation they wished us to consider.
We decided to conclude the investigation in November 2018 as we did not consider it proportionate or in the public interest to pursue the investigation further, based on:
the number of offences that we were satisfied were proven beyond reasonable doubt
Mr Miah and Momentum's failure to provide the outstanding information and explanations
the time and resource spent on the investigation to date
Our determinations
In November 2018, we were satisfied there was sufficient evidence to make initial determinations on the offences under investigation.
We issued a statutory notice to Momentum under Schedule 19C of PPERA setting out our initial determinations and proposing penalties. The notice invited Momentum to make representations within the statutory 28 day period.
On 17 January 2019, Momentum delivered its representations in respect of the proposed penalties. An outstanding donation report from 2016 and a partial post poll report detailing an outstanding donation were also provided at this time. We considered these carefully before making a final determination on offences and penalties.
We issued our final determinations and penalties to Momentum on 4 March 2019.
Mr Miah committed four offences in respect of the post poll reporting of expenditure and donations following the general election. Momentum and the relevant responsible persons committed offences for failing to report donations received by Momentum in its capacity as a members association during 2016 and 2017.
Incomplete spending return
Mr Miah gave us a general election spending return on behalf of Momentum that was incomplete, as it:
failed to provide an accurate statement of payments made
failed to provide all required invoices or receipts omitted donations
failed to provide a required declaration to accompany the donations report
We did not find an offence in respect of incurring expenditure in excess of country limits.
Statement of payments made
The spending return did not comply with the requirement to provide an accurate statement of all payments incurred by or on behalf of Momentum in respect of controlled expenditure.
The statement of payments submitted to us was incorrect because:
UK-wide spending was attributed to Northern Ireland despite the Labour Party standing no candidates there
a number of payments were missed from all versions of the return that Momentum submitted
a number of reported items did not match the contemporaneous financial records of Momentum
a large number of items, including salaries, were split between regulated and unregulated expenditure, using a different formula to split them in each version of the return we received. In all cases, a number of the formulae were incorrect and in direct contradiction to our advice and guidance
The overall amendments made to the statement of payments in each version of the report were:
8 September 2017: Momentum listed spending of £40,186.92 in their statement of payments made. But the form stated the total was £32,316.57 as a large number of figures were given as negative amounts or miscalculated totals
10 November 2017: Momentum amended 29 lines of spending and declared £36,033.37 in their statement of payments made
10 November 2017: a further 13 lines of expenditure were amended bringing the amount declared on their statement of payments to £34,917.06 22
January 2018: Momentum submitted a further statement of payments which amended 43 lines of expenditure, in some cases reinstating previously removed amounts which declared a total of £32,591.14
These refer only to the statement of payments made and do not include notional expenditure which is reported elsewhere in the return but which does count towards the spending limits.
Other inaccuracies in the statement of payments made
Each return Momentum provided to us had apportioned UK wide expenditure to Northern Ireland. The Labour Party did not stand candidates in Northern Ireland, and so no controlled expenditure can be attributed to it. This expenditure should have been apportioned across England, Scotland and Wales where the Labour Party did stand candidates.
Items that didn't match the financial records
The reported salaries of two press officers who worked on the Stoke and Copeland by-elections did not match any salaries paid during that period according to Momentum's internal records. Momentum failed to provide the names of those press officers so that we could reconcile the figures.
Items not included in the return
Our analysis of Momentum's financial records indicated that spending totalling at least £1,075.06 was missing from the return. The figure may in fact be higher, because we are not satisfied that salary costs included in this amount are correct.
Spending split between regulated and non-regulated expenditure
Momentum amended various formulae used to calculate reportable elements of larger payments, for example, in relation to a text messaging service.
Momentum was unable to provide records from the time of the campaign period to explain the way it split salaries for staff between regulated spending (which forms a significant proportion of their reported expenditure) and non-regulated spending.
In the case of the apportionment of staff time to campaigning emails sent to both members (not reportable) and non-members (reportable), Momentum used a formula contrary to the one we advised, which gave a significantly lower attribution to regulated spending than would have been the case had it followed our advice. There are other issues regarding the apportionment of spending, including staff salaries and smaller items, in which an incorrect apportionment formula was applied contrary to our guidance.
Momentum was unable to provide any documentation from the time of the campaign which would have allowed us to correctly apportion the spending, due to a failure to keep and maintain records from that time.
We are satisfied that the report of regulated payments made for the 2017 general election submitted to us by Momentum was inaccurate in numerous ways.
The failure to keep and maintain proper records of the split of expenditure between regulated and unregulated expenditure mean that we are still not satisfied that either we or Momentum have an accurate record of regulated expenditure by Momentum at the 2017 general election.
Omitted invoice
Mr Miah failed to comply with the requirement to provide all required invoices or receipts with Momentum's spending return. An invoice for a payment to Facebook of £492.41, incurred on 30 May 2017 and paid on 3 June 2017, was not included. Mr Miah said that the omission was due to human error and inadequate systems.
Omitted donations
Momentum was required to include a donations report as part of the post poll return.
On 8 September 2017 Mr Miah stated that Momentum had received no donations in excess of £7,500 and had received £7,300 of donation in excess of £500 (but less than £7,500). The amount received was amended to £7,500 by Mr Miah on 13 November.
However the donations report did not include a further five cash donations with a combined value of £12,620, and one non-cash donation of £10,338.46.
Omitted cash and non cash donations
Omitted cash donations
During the investigation, Momentum confirmed that the cash donations were not reported to us in the post poll report as required. All cash donations were reported in an amended post poll return on 17 July 2018.
Omitted non-cash donation
Momentum received a non-cash donation in the form of office space from the registered union the Transport Salaried Staff Association (TSSA) with a value of £10,338.46 on 27 April 2017.
Mr Afridi, Momentum's secretary as a non-party campaigner at the time, appears to have attempted to report it to us on 16 May 2017 in a pre-poll report, but did not complete the submission.
The pre-poll reporting period did not begin until 3 May 2017 and this donation was received on 27 April 2017, so it did not need to be reported during the pre-poll reporting period.
However, Momentum then failed to report this donation in the post poll report. Momentum told us that this donation was not made for the purposes of the general election. However, we saw evidence to the contrary, including internal Momentum documentation citing the donation as provided following the announcement of the general election.
We also saw correspondence between Momentum and TSSA in which a senior representative of Momentum requested the use of the ground floor of Walkden House "for the duration of the general election campaign". Momentum reported this donation on 19 January 2019.
Declaration accompanying donations report (spending return)
When Mr Miah delivered the report of donations that formed part of Momentum's general election spending return he was required to sign a declaration that confirmed that the donations reported in the return were from permissible donors and that no other relevant donations had been accepted. He did not do this. On 13 November 2017 Mr Miah provided an amended report, this time using our correct form, with a signed declaration.
Spending limits
The spending limits in each nation for Momentum at the 2017 general election (excluding Northern Ireland where there were no Labour candidates) were:
£37,920 in total
Momentum's original return disclosed spending that exceeded country limits. However, Momentum's subsequent amendments had the effect of reducing the reported spending but still reported an excess above the limit of expenditure in Wales.
We have not found evidence that Mr Miah committed an offence of incurring controlled expenditure in excess of the limit set out in Schedule 10 PPERA where he knew or ought reasonably to have known that the spending would exceed that limit, which is an offence under section 94E(2) PPERA.
We found some evidence indicating spending in excess of the limits. However, we were unable to make a finding of an offence as the information Momentum provided, and which we believe they hold, was not adequate to provide a reliable record of their controlled spending.
Momentum was, and is, a members association as defined by PPERA.
Mr Michael Chessum volunteered to be treasurer of Momentum, and appointed as treasurer shortly after February 2016. He was thus its responsible person under electoral law.
On 17 February 2017 Mohammed Afridi became the responsible person.
Sanction decision
We took our findings and Momentum's representations on these offences into account, and issued a penalty of:
£2,700 for the failure, without reasonable excuse, to report all donations in the spending return
£250 for the failure, without reasonable excuse, to provide an invoice with the spending return
£12,150 for the failure, without reasonable excuse, to provide a complete spending return
£250 for the failure to provide the required declaration to accompany the post-poll donations report
£900 for the failure, without reasonable excuse, to report a £10,000 donation from TSSA
£450 for the failure, without reasonable excuse, to report a £8,000 donation from TSSA
£10,000 cash donation from Transport Salaried Staffs Association
Momentum received and accepted a cash donation from the Transport Salaried Staffs Association (TSSA) on 21 July 2016. Mr Chessum and Momentum were therefore required to deliver a report of this donation to us by 21 August 2016.
This donation from TSSA was reported to us on 17 January 2019, almost two and a half years after it was received and accepted, and following an investigation and the issuing of the notice of proposed sanctions to Momentum.
Momentum stated that there was confusion amongst its staff as to whether this donation was reportable. The donation was accepted by Momentum, and Mr Chessum was, as a matter of fact, the responsible person at the time, even signing a report relating to another donation on 15 July 2016.
Had the evidence supported the statement that half the donation was intended for a separate organisation, Momentum and Mr Chessum would still have been required to report the £5,000 as it would have aggregated with other amounts received from TSSA.
Mr Chessum and Momentum both committed an offence in failing, without reasonable excuse, to deliver a report of that donation of £10,000 to us within 30 days of it being accepted.
£8,000 cash donation from Transport Salaried Staffs Association
Mohammed Afridi became the responsible person for Momentum, as a members association, on 17 February 2017.
Momentum received a cash donation of £8,000, also from the TSSA, on 3 May 2017.
On 16 May 2017, Mr Afridi tried to report this donation under the pre-poll reporting requirements for the 2017 general election, using our online reporting system. But not all of the required information was provided, and he failed to complete the submission. In any event, the donation was not reportable under those requirements and needed to be reported as made to a members association.
Mr Afridi and Momentum gave us conflicting accounts about this donation including that the organisation and Mr Afridi were unaware of receiving this donation. However, we are satisfied on the evidence that Mr Afridi was made aware of the donation prior to 16 May 2017. This was clear in a number of internal Momentum documents from the time, as well as his own unsuccessful attempt at reporting the donation in a pre-poll return.
The donation was reported on 17 July 2018. Mr Afridi and Momentum both committed an offence in failing, without reasonable excuse, to deliver a report of that donation to us within 30 days of it being accepted.
You can find PPERA on the government's legislation website.
The relevant sections and schedules are:
Section 86 (valuing notional expenditure)
Section 88(1) (definition of a recognised third party)
Section 94D (limits on controlled expenditure). We also provided guidance on this
Section 94E (exceeding targeted expenditure limits)
Section 96 (controlled expenditure return, requirements)
Section 98 (controlled expenditure return, offence)
Section 99 (donations declaration, requirement)
Schedule 7 (definition of a members association and rules associated with reporting)
Schedule 10 Paragraph 2 (attribution of expenditure to different parts of the UK)
Schedule 11 Paragraph 1(4) (donations declaration, relevant donation)
Schedule 11, paragraph 5 (valuing in kind donation)
Next review: 20 June 2020
Party registration decisions | their spending return, poor record keeping and failure to follow our advice prior to the election.
It is incumbent on non-party campaigners and members associations to invest properly in having the right processes and staff to meet their obligations.
Momentum was a non-party campaigner in the 2017 general election. Afterwards, as required, it submitted a report of its election spending by the required deadline. However, the report was not accurate and Momentum subsequently delivered four further versions after the deadline, each of which reported different amounts of donations and spending.
We opened an investigation on 16 November 2017 to determine whether Momentum broke political finance laws – set out in the Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act (PPERA) 2000 – when it delivered the inaccurate report. While investigating, we found evidence that Momentum may have committed further offences, this time in its capacity as a members association, in 2016 and 2017. We expanded the investigation accordingly.
We have concluded that Momentum committed a number of offences, and we have imposed fines totalling £16,700. The offences spanned 2016 and 2017. This is the biggest fine that we have imposed on a non-party campaigner for the submission of an inaccurate spending return to date.
Offences as a non-party campaigner
We have determined that Puru Miah, the then responsible person for Momentum as a recognised non-party campaigner at the 2017 general election, committed:
one offence under section 98(4)(b) PPERA of failing, without reasonable excuse, to submit a post poll donation report that was complete and accurate. The return omitted £22,958.46 of reportable donations. We have fined Momentum £2,700 for this offence
one offence under section 98(4)(b) PPERA of failing, without reasonable excuse, to provide all required invoices with the spending return. We have fined Momentum £250 for this offence
one offence under section 98(4)(b) PPERA of failing, without reasonable excuse, to submit a spending report that was complete and accurate. We have fined Momentum £12,150 for this offence
one offence under section 99(1) PPERA of failing to provide the required declaration to accompany the post poll donations report. We have fined Momentum £250 for this offence
Offences as a members association
We have determined that: Michael Chessum, the then responsible person for Momentum as a members association, and Momentum itself, committed an offence each under paragraph 12(1)(b) of Schedule 7 of PPERA. Mr Chessum failed to report a donation of £10,000 within 30 days of accepting it. The donation was received on 21 July 2016 but not reported to us until 19 January 2019. We have fined Momentum £900 for this offence
Mohammed Afridi, the then responsible person for Momentum as a members association, and Momentum itself, committed an offence each under paragraph 12(1)(b) of Schedule 7 PPERA. Mr Afridi failed to report a donation of £8,000 within 30 days of accepting it. The donation was received on 3 May 2017 but not reported to us until 17 July 2018. We have fined Momentum £450 for this offence
Momentum was founded in 2015. In February 2016, the National Steering Committee met and agreed a membership structure, and in January 2017, Momentum introduced a constitution which states that Momentum activists must also be or become members of the Labour Party.
Momentum campaigned in support of the Labour Party in the UK Parliamentary General Election (UKPGE) held on 8 June 2017.
The Labour Party did not authorise Momentum to spend in excess of the limits for targeted spending.
Non-party campaigners are individuals and organisations that campaign in the run up to elections but do not stand as political parties or candidates.
Under PPERA, there are rules on what non-party campaigners can spend on regulated campaign activity in the run-up to elections. Non-party campaigners which intended to spend in excess of £20,000 in England or £10,000 in Scotland, Wales or Northern Ireland at the UKPGE held on 8 June 2017 were required to register with us.
PPERA sets out the limits on controlled expenditure for non-party campaigners. These limits are lower for non-party campaigners that wish to undertake 'targeted spending', if they do not have the authorisation of the political party that they are promoting. This is spending intended to influence people to vote for one particular registered political party or any of its candidates. The limits are:
£31,980 in England
£3,540 in Scotland
£2,400 in Wales
£1,080 in Northern Ireland
If the political party that is being promoted provides its authorisation, the non-party campaigner is entitled to spend up to the limit authorised by the political party. Any spending by that non-party campaigner up to that limit would count towards the party's national spending limit.
Following the 2017 general election, registered non-party campaigners which spent less than £250,000 were required to submit their post poll returns detailing expenditure and donations no later than 8 September 2017.
PPERA requires that the post poll return must include certain information, including:
a statement of all payments made in respect of controlled expenditure incurred by or on behalf of the non-party campaigner during the relevant period in the relevant part or parts of the UK
a statement of relevant donations received by the non-party campaigner in respect of the relevant election which complies with the reporting requirements
the return must be accompanied by all invoices or receipts relating to payments in excess of £200
It is an offence in each instance for the responsible person to, without reasonable excuse, deliver a return which does not comply with these requirements.
For a non-party campaigner, a relevant donation is one made to them for the purpose of meeting controlled expenditure incurred by or on behalf of that third party.
When the return is delivered to us, it must be accompanied by declarations signed by the person responsible for expenditure and donations.
The declaration for donations confirms that:
all relevant donations recorded in the return are from permissible donors
no other relevant donations have been accepted in respect of the relevant election during the regulated period
The responsible person commits an offence if they fail to provide the declaration.
A members association is not a political party. It is an organisation made up wholly or mainly of members of a single registered political party. The responsible person for a members association is either the treasurer, if there is one, or the person who is notified to us as the responsible person.
Members associations which accept donations in excess of £7,500 that are provided to support their political activities must report these within 30 days of acceptance. Failure to report such donations to us within the time required, without reasonable excuse, is an offence by the members association and by the responsible person.
We investigated whether Momentum had broken campaign finance laws after we received a non-compliant spending and donation report following the general election. While investigating, we found evidence that Momentum may have committed further offences, this time in its capacity as a members association in 2016 and 2017. We expanded the investigation accordingly.
Background to the investigation
On 8 September 2017, Momentum delivered its spending return for the 2017 general election. We identified a number of issues with the return. We corresponded with Momentum, during the course of which Momentum delivered two updated spending reports, on 10 November 2017 and 13 November 2017, and an updated donations report also on 13 November 2017.
As a result, we reasonably suspected that the original return was wrong. We opened an investigation on 16 November 2017, examining:
issues with Momentum's reporting of donations and spending
missing invoices
a missing declaration
whether Momentum's spending may have exceeded the legal limits
We obtained evidence suggesting that Momentum may have failed to report donations received as a members association, and expanded the scope of the investigation to review this as well.
We also sought to obtain a full and correct record of its election spending.
During the investigation we obtained evidence from:
Mr Miah
the registered trade union, Transport Salaried Staffs Association (TSSA)
Mr Afridi and Mr Chessum
The evidence we looked at included:
a third version of the spending report provided by Momentum on 22 January 2018
advice we provided to Momentum before the general election
explanations from Momentum
Momentum's financial records including:
bank and PayPal statements
transaction reports
internal Momentum documents including:
internal reports
internal correspondence and guidance
internal financial reporting documentation
correspondence between Momentum and TSSA
internal TSSA emails provided by TSSA
Working with Momentum
Momentum did not cooperate fully during the investigation.
Momentum provided some but not all requested information and explanation, but also repeatedly queried the basis for our investigation and the information we requested. Some explanations were contradicted by later explanations and the evidence. Our need to make repeated requests for clarification, as well as a significant number of extensions requested and granted to Momentum to respond, significantly added to the length and complexity of the investigation.
Mr Miah offered to provide a further version of the return and the outstanding information we had requested. We invited him, on the basis that information would be | 2,049 |
OSTEOARTHRITIS: This condition occurs when the cartilage that allows your knee to move freely becomes worn. Shortly after the condition<|fim_middle|> is that your leg may feel wobbly when you try to put weight on it. | develops, you may notice that your knees ache after you've been physically active. Over time, your knees may hurt more often and feel stiff after you get out of bed in the morning or after you've been sitting down for a while. Your knees also may be swollen and make a "crunchy" sound while you walk.
PATELLOFEMORAL PAIN SYNDROME (chondromalacia patella): Also known as "runner's knee," this is a common cause of knee pain. The pain feels like it's coming from behind or under your kneecap, and may feel like it involves your entire kneecap. You may feel pain and stiffness in particular after you've been sitting a long time. The pain may also be worse after you've gone up or down stairs or you've been running.
MENISCAL TEARS: Your menisci are disks of tissue between the thighbone and shinbone in your knee that provide cushioning. These can develop tears from injuries. The pain may be slight or severe, and it may feel worse when you straighten your knee. Your knee may make a clicking sensation or feel like it gets "stuck."
LIGAMENT INJURIES: You have four ligaments — which are strong bands of tissue that hold bones together — on the inside and outside edge of your knees and within the joint. If you over-stretch or tear a ligament, which can occur during accidents or sporting events, you may hear a "pop." Depending on the ligament that's damaged, the injury may or may not cause pain. Another symptom | 330 |
\section{Introduction}
The Goos-H\"anchen (GH) lateral shift is an optical phenomenon in which a spatially limited beam reflected at an interface near conditions of total internal reflection is displaced from the incident beam position. Although conjectured by Isaac Newton in the 18th century \cite{Newton1}, experimental evidence was only provided in 1943 by Hilda H\"anchen (a doctoral student at the time) and her thesis advisor Fritz Goos \cite{Hanchentesis,Goos-Hanchen1}.
The effect was theoretically explained by Artmann \cite{Artmann}, who noted that each plane wave component in the expansion of the incident beam undergoes a slightly different phase change after total internal reflection, so the sum of all the reflected components produces a lateral displacement of the reflected beam from the geometrical optics prediction. When the stationary phase approximation is used to calculate the sum of all the reflected components, the lateral beam shift is given by
\begin{equation}
\Delta = - \frac{d\varphi}{d\alpha},
\label{stationary}
\end{equation}
where $\alpha$ is the tangential component of the wave vector in the medium of incidence and $\varphi$ is the phase difference between the reflected and incident waves.
Incidentally, we note that Artmann's argument shows that a prerequisite for the existence of a Goos-H\"anchen shift is not the excitation of surface or evanescent waves but rather the phases of the different plane wave components in the expansion of the incident beam being shifted differently upon reflection.
The GH lateral shift and other nonspecular phenomena \cite{Nasalski2}, such as beam profile deformation, focal displacement, spatial waist modification and angular deviation, have been theoretically investigated in diverse configurations which include multilayers \cite{Tamir1} and periodic structures \cite{Zhang}.
For beams reflected from a single flat interface, the GH effect is much smaller than for beams reflected from periodically corrugated or multilayered structures, in which the shift could be of the same order of magnitude as the beam width \cite{tamirbertoni}.
Apart from the case of linear isotropic dielectric media, nonspecular phenomena have been estimated and measured for other kind of homogeneous materials, such as chiral \cite{Bonomo82}, anisotropic uniaxial \cite{Bonomo57,Bonomo73,Bonomo75} or dielectric--magnetic media with negative refraction index \cite{berman,NPVLakhtakiaSLABS,NPVLakhtakia}.
A unified linear algebra approach to study the generalized shifts for the polarization components of reflected light beams is presented in \cite{NJP-gottedennis}.
For a self-consistent description of the GH shift and related beam-shift phenomena together with an overview of their most important extensions and generalizations, the reader is referred to \cite{BliokhAiello}.
For total internal reflection from a boundary between two positive index media, the GH shift is typically the same order of magnitude as the wavelength and positive (i.e., the reflected beam is shifted to the other side of the normal from the incident beam).
On the contrary, for reflection from a metallic boundary and provided that the beam is p polarized, the GH shift may be negative (i.e., the reflected beam can be shifted towards the same side of the normal as the incident beam).
As shown in Ref. \cite{Lai}, this negative shift is due to the fact that the p polarized evanescent wave in the metal is {\em backward}, i.e., it has an energy flow opposite to the direction of the phase velocity along the interface.
For total internal reflection at the boundary between a positive index medium and a negative index medium
\cite{berman,NPVLakhtakiaSLABS,NPVLakhtakia}, the lateral shift is also negative because the evanescent wave is again backward \cite{ishimaru1}.
Although the beam shift at a single flat interface can be either positive or negative depending on the type of the surface waves (forward or backward) excited by the incoming beam, the same is not true for beam reflection from other structures. For example, it is well known (see \cite{physicalorigin} and references therein) that the excitation of a forward surface wave in a prism-waveguide coupling system can result in either a positive or a negative GH
shift. However, the erroneous belief that the excitation of a backward surface wave always results in a negative GH shift sometimes appears in the literature, particularly when multilayers with negative index materials are involved \cite{Shadrivov1,Chen,mentira}.
The purpose of this paper is twofold:
(a) to study the lateral displacement of spatially limited beams reflected from Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR) structures under conditions of resonant excitation of
backward surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) and
(b)
to apply the phenomenological model presented in \cite{zeller_incidente}
to clearly evidence that the excitation of backward surface waves in multilayers with negative index metamaterials can lead to both negative and positive (and not exclusively negative) GH shifts,
depending on whether the thickness of the coupling layer is higher or lower than a critical value representing a real zero of the reflection coefficient.
The plan of this paper is as follows. In Section \ref{teoria} we present some technical background and two alternative methods that will be used to numerically calculate the GH lateral shift, namely the stationary phase approximation and the rigorous calculation of the field distribution of the reflected beam.
In Section \ref{zero-pole} we discuss the GH shift near conditions of resonant coupling between the incident field and backward surface waves in terms of the behavior of the complex poles and zeroes of the reflection coefficient \cite{zeller_incidente}.
We give examples that show the existence of a critical thickness of the coupling layer: above this critical value the lateral shift is positive, whereas below this critical value the lateral shift is negative.
In Section \ref{resultados} we present rigorous calculations of the transverse distribution of the reflected electric field near the resonant excitation of the backward surface plasmon polariton. We investigate the influence of the angle of incidence and the thickness of the ATR device for the optimal condition of coupling between the incident radiation and backward SPPs. Large (negative or positive) GH shifts are obtained, accompanied by a splitting of the reflected beam.
In Section \ref{conclusiones} we summarize and discuss the obtained results.
\section{GH shift calculation} \label{teoria}
\begin{figure}[htbp!]
\centering
\resizebox{0.50\textwidth}{!}
{\includegraphics{figure1.eps}}
\caption{Schematic diagram of the system. It shows the lateral shift $\Delta$ of a bounded beam at an interface. The dashed lines show the boundaries of the reflected beam as predicted by geometrical optics theory.}
\label{sistema}
\end{figure}
Since the spatial periodicity associated with surface plasmon polaritons is less than the spatial periodicity which could be induced by an incident photon on the surface, surface plasmon polaritons cannot be resonantly excited by plane waves. This difficulty can be overcome by using ATR techniques, which require the introduction of a second surface, usually the base of an isosceles prism. In the Kretschmann configuration, the prism is positioned against the plasmonic medium (metal o metamaterial), while in the Otto configuration \cite{ottoNC} the prism is positioned very close to the surface of the plasmonic medium.
Figure \ref{sistema} shows an Otto--ATR structure illuminated by a spatially limited gaussian beam (width $2a$).
The beam is incident upon the base of the prism at $y=0$, the center of the beam waist is located at $x=0$ and the angle of incidence of the beam axis is $\theta_{0}$.
Medium 3 is a magnetic metamaterial with complex values of electric permittivity $\varepsilon_{3}$ and magnetic permeability $\mu_{3}$. These constitutive parameters satisfy the condition for power flow and phase velocity in opposite directions \cite{MOTL41_315AnewConditionNPV}.
Medium 1 (the prism) and medium 2 (the coupling layer, thickness $d$) are nonmagnetic ($\mu_{1}=\mu_{2}=1$) and have real and positive electric permittivities ($\varepsilon_{1}$ and $\varepsilon_{2}$ respectively).
When the values of the relative constitutive parameters $\varepsilon_{3}/\varepsilon_{2}$ and $\mu_{3}/\mu_{2}$ are properly chosen \cite{darmanyanOC}, the interface 2--3 between the coupling layer and the metamaterial can support SPPs with time-averaged Poynting vector directed opposite to the phase velocity (backward SPPs). The examples of this paper are for the case $\Re \;(\varepsilon_{3}/\varepsilon_{2}) < -1$, that corresponds to $s$-polarized backward SPPs.
When s-polarized incident radiation reaches the base of the prism with an angle $\theta_{0}$ greater than the critical angle of total reflection, the evanescent field can resonantly couple with the $s$-polarized backward SPP of the interface 2--3.
We assume that the electric field of the incident beam is given by
\begin{equation}
\textbf E_{i}= E_{i}(x,y=0)\,\hat z =\exp{[-(\frac{x}{a_{x}})^2+i\,\alpha_{0}\,x]}\,\hat z \,, \label{campoincidente1}
\end{equation}
with $\alpha_{0}=\frac{\omega}{c}\sqrt{\varepsilon_{1}\mu_{1}}\sin \theta_{0}$,
$c$ the speed of light in vacuum,
and $a_{x}=a\,\sec\,(\theta_{0})$.
An $\exp{(-i\omega t)}$ time dependence is implicit, with $\omega$ the angular frequency, $t$ the time and $i =\sqrt{-1}$.
Using a Fourier integral representation, the incident field can be written as
\begin{equation}
E_{i}(x,y=0)=\int_{-\infty}^{\infty} A(\alpha)\exp{(i\,\alpha x)}\,d\alpha,
\label{campoincidente}
\end{equation}
where
\begin{equation}
A(\alpha)=\frac{a_{x}}{2\sqrt{\pi}}\exp{[-(\alpha-\alpha_{0})^{2}\,(\frac{a_{x}}{2})^{2}]}\,,
\label{espectro}
\end{equation}
is the angular spectral distribution of the incident beam.
The electric field of the reflected beam
at the interface $y=0$ is given by
\begin{equation}
E_{r}(x,y=0)
=\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}R(\alpha)\,A(\alpha)\,\exp{(i\,\alpha\,x)}\,d\alpha \,
\label{ref}
\end{equation}
where $R(\alpha)=|R(\alpha)| \exp{i\varphi(\alpha)}$ is the complex reflection coefficient of the multilayer as a function of the spectral variable $\alpha=\frac{\omega}{c}\sqrt{\varepsilon_{1}\mu_{1}}\sin \theta$.
The beam shift can be obtained by finding the location where $|E_{r}(x,y=0)|$ is maximal.
Using the stationary-phase approximation and assuming a linear variation for $\varphi(\alpha)$ and that the beam experiences total
internal reflection, this location is given by equation (\ref{stationary}). However, if $\varphi$ is not a linear function of $\alpha$ or if $|R(\alpha)| \neq 1$ along the spectral width of the incident beam, the reflected beam may suffer severe distortions and the stationary-phase result given by equation (\ref{stationary}) is usually unsuitable to describe the lateral shift correctly \cite{Tamir1973}.
In such cases, it is preferable to define the GH shift using the normalized first moment of the electric field of the reflected beam \cite{Hugonin}
\begin{equation}
\Delta^{(1)}=\frac{\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}x|E_{r}(x,y=0)|^{2}dx}{\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}|E_{r}(x,y=0)|^{2}dx}\,.
\label{corrimiento}
\end{equation}
In this definition, the shift is expressed as an average of the $x$-position of the reflected beam on the surface of interest and no approximation is done over the amplitude and phase of the reflected plane wave components of the beam.
When the spectral width of the incident beam is small, it is possible to derive equation (\ref{stationary}) as a first order approximation of equation (\ref{corrimiento}) \cite{artmanDEmomento}.
\section{Zero-pole model for the GH shift} \label{zero-pole}
To numerically illustrate
the lateral displacement of spatially limited beams under conditions of resonant excitation of backward SPPs, we choose an Otto-ATR structure with $\varepsilon_{1}=2.25$, $\mu_{1}=1$, $\varepsilon_{2}=1$, $\mu_{2}=1$, $\varepsilon_{3}=-1.6+0.001\,i$ and $\mu_{3}=-0.7+0.001\,i$. For these constitutive parameters, the interface 2--3 between the coupling layer and the metamaterial supports $s$-polarized SPPs with time-averaged Poynting vector directed opposite to the phase velocity \cite{darmanyanOC}.
\begin{figure}[htbp!]
\centering
\resizebox{0.50\textwidth}{!}
{\includegraphics{figure2.eps}}
\caption{(Color online) Trajectories of the zero ($z_{0}$) and the pole ($z_{p}$) in the complex plane as functions of $d/\lambda$ for an Otto - ATR structure with $\varepsilon_{1}=2.25$, $\mu_{1}=1$, $\varepsilon_{2}=1$, $\mu_{2}=1$, $\varepsilon_{3}=-1.6+0.001\,i$ and $\mu_{3}=-0.7+0.001\,i$. For these constitutive parameters, the interface 2--3 supports $s$-polarized, backward SPPs.}
\label{ceroypolo}
\end{figure}
As shown by equation (\ref{ref}) the distortions of the reflected beam are ruled by the behavior of $R(\alpha)=|R(\alpha)| \exp{i\varphi(\alpha)}$. The exact form of this reflection coefficient is given for instance by equation (1) in \cite{zeller_incidente}.
However, to clearly evidence the facts that i) the excitation of backward surface waves can lead to both negative and positive (and not exclusively negative) GH shifts and that ii) the sign of the GH shift depends on wheater the value of the coupling layer thickness is higher or lower than the critical value characteristic of the ATR structure, first we choose to represent this quantity within the frame of a phenomenological model based on the properties of the complex poles and zeroes of the reflection coefficient.
According to this model, used previously for the case of Kretschmann-ATR structures with metamaterials \cite{zeller_incidente}, the reflection coefficient $R$ can be written as
\begin{equation}
R (z,d/\lambda)= \zeta(z,d/\lambda)\,\frac{z-z_{0}(d/\lambda)}{z-z_{p}(d/\lambda)},
\label{rmodelo}
\end{equation}
where $z$ is the analytic continuation of $\sin \theta$ to the complex plane, $z_{0}$ and $z_{p}$ denote respectively the complex zero and the complex pole of $R$, $\lambda$ is the wavelength in vacuum and $\zeta(z,d/\lambda)$ is a complex regular function near $z_{0}$ and $z_{p}$ that does not change significantly near $z_{p}$.
\begin{figure}[htbp!]
\centering
\resizebox{0.50\textwidth}{!}
{\includegraphics{figure3.eps}}
\caption{Phase $\varphi$ of the reflection coefficient for an Otto-ATR structure with $\varepsilon_{1}=2.25$, $\mu_{1}=1$, $\varepsilon_{2}=1$, $\mu_{2}=1$, $\varepsilon_{3}=-1.6+0.001\,i$, $\mu_{3}=-0.7+0.001\,i$ and $d/\lambda=0.7$.}
\label{d07}
\end{figure}
As explained in \cite{zeller_incidente} (see figures 2 and 3 therein), one of the main characteristics of using the zero-pole model to represent the optical response near the excitation of SPPs is that it provides a direct visualization of the behavior of the phase curves $\varphi(\alpha)$ in terms of the spectral variable $\alpha$.
This characteristic makes the zero-pole model particularly suited for the study of the lateral GH shift, since the quantity that fixes the sign of the GH shift in the stationary phase approximation equation (\ref{stationary}) is precisely the derivative of the phase.
The interested reader is referred to \cite{zeller_incidente} for further details, here we limit ourselves to mentioning the key result regarding the sign of the GH shift, namely that phase curves $\varphi(\alpha)$ have a very different behavior depending on the location in the complex plane of both the zero and the pole: when $\Im(z_{0})\,\Im(z_{p})<0$, the phase curve $\varphi(\alpha)$ is a monotonically increasing function, whereas when $\Im(z_{0})\,\Im(z_{p})>0$, the phase curve is a monotonically decreasing function, exhibiting first a maximum and then a minimum. In terms of the sign of the GH shift, negative GH shifts should be expected in the first case, whereas positive GH shifts should be expected in the second case.
\begin{figure}[htbp!]
\centering
\resizebox{0.50\textwidth}{!}
{\includegraphics{figure4.eps}}
\caption{
Phase $\varphi$ of the reflection coefficient for an Otto-ATR structure with $\varepsilon_{1}=2.25$, $\mu_{1}=1$, $\varepsilon_{2}=1$, $\mu_{2}=1$, $\varepsilon_{3}=-1.6+0.001\,i$, $\mu_{3}=-0.7+0.001\,i$ and $d/\lambda=0.9$.}
\label{d09}
\end{figure}
Figure \ref{ceroypolo}, where we plot the parametric trajectories of $z_{0}(d/\lambda)$ and $z_{p}(d/\lambda)$ calculated for the values of the constitutive parameters used in this example, clearly shows that both cases ($\Im(z_{0})\,\Im(z_{p})<0$, negative GH shift, or $\Im(z_{0})\,\Im(z_{p})>0$, positive GH shift) can occur near the excitation of a backward SPP.
The pole trajectory cannot cross the real axis, (if it did, infinite reflectance would result for a real angle of incidence), but the trajectory of the zero of the reflection coefficient is not limited and in this example it crosses the real axis for a critical value of $d/\lambda \approx 0.8$.
The value of $z_{0}$ ($\approx 0.74$) at this critical thickness of the coupling layer corresponds to an angle of incidence $\theta_{0}=47.8^{\circ}$ for which a plane wave is totally absorbed by the ATR structure.
We conclude that, for values of $d/\lambda$ lower than this critical value, the zero-pole model predicts that the function $\varphi(\alpha)$ is monotonically increasing (as the curve shown in figure \ref{d07} calculated for $d/\lambda=0.7$), and according to the stationary phase approximation, negative GH shifts are to be expected. On the other hand, for values of $d/\lambda$ above this critical value, the zero-pole model predicts that the function $\varphi(\alpha)$ is monotonically decreasing (as the curve shown in figure \ref{d09}, calculated for $d/\lambda=0.9$), and according to the stationary phase approximation the GH shift will be positive.
\begin{figure}[htbp!]
\centering
\resizebox{0.50\textwidth}{!}
{\includegraphics{figure5.eps}}
\caption{
(Color online)
Lateral shift as a function of the angle of incidence for $d/\lambda=0.7$ and different widths of the gaussian incident wave.}
\label{fig1}
\end{figure}
\section{Transverse structure of the reflected beam} \label{resultados}
To verify the prediction from the zero-pole model and the stationary phase approximation that the sign of the GH shift near the excitation of a backward surface wave depends critically on the thickness of the coupling layer, we compare the results of the previous section with those obtained from the rigorous calculation of the spatial structure of the reflected beam (equation (\ref{ref})). The integrals in equation (\ref{ref}) and (\ref{corrimiento}) have been numerically calculated.
\begin{figure}[htbp!]
\centering
\resizebox{0.50\textwidth}{!}
{\includegraphics{figure6.eps}}
\caption{(Color online)
Lateral shift as a function of the angle of incidence for $d/\lambda=0.9$ and different widths of the gaussian incident wave.}
\label{fig2}
\end{figure}
Figure \ref{fig1} (for $d/\lambda=0.7$, a value lower than the critical value) and \ref{fig2} (for $d/\lambda=0.9$, a value higher than the critical value) show curves of $\Delta^{(1)}$, the normalized first moment of the reflected electric field given by equation (\ref{corrimiento}), as functions of the angle of incidence $\theta$ and for different values of the beam width $a$.
In all the cases, the sign of $\Delta^{(1)}$ is in complete agreement with the
zero-pole model and the stationary phase approximation.
For both values of $d/\lambda$, the larger the width of the incident beam, the greater the peak value of $|\Delta^{(1)}|$.
Due to the shift of the SPP resonance with the coupling layer thickness, peak values occur for different angles of incidence
($\theta\approx48^{\circ}$ for $d/\lambda=0.7$ and $\theta\approx47.9^{\circ}$ for $d/\lambda=0.9$).
Note that large peak values for $|\Delta^{(1)}|$ are obtained in both cases. When $d/\lambda=0.7$, the peak values of $\Delta^{(1)}/\lambda$ are $-61.18$, $-89.19$ and $-97.02$ for $a/\lambda=50, 100$ and $200$ respectively, whereas when $d/\lambda=0.9$, the peak values of $\Delta^{(1)}/\lambda$ are $8.67$, $41.18$ and $80.53$ for $a/\lambda=50$, $100$ and $200$ respectively.
Under conditions as those considered in these examples, such as total absorptions and resonant excitation of SPPs, the transverse structure of the reflected beam can have a complicated form. Particularly, the spatial distribution in the beam can be asymmetric, so that the value of the shift defined by equation (\ref{stationary}) may not coincide with the value obtained from the first moment of the spatial structure of the reflected beam.
In these cases, and following a procedure similar to that presented in a paper by Tamir and Bertoni \cite{tamirbertoni}, it is possible to obtain a description which i) accounts for the deformation of the beam, ii) agrees quantitatively with the numerical calculations, and iii) takes advantage of the phenomenological model described by equation (\ref{rmodelo}).
The advantage of using the zero-pole model to represent the reflection coefficient is that the integrals in
equation (\ref{ref}) can be evaluated explicitly in terms of the complementary error function of complex argument \cite{tamirbertoni}. In this description, the electric field of the reflected beam at the interface $y = 0$ results
\begin{equation}
E_r (x,0)=\zeta\;E_{i}(x,0)\left[1- i\;\pi^{3/2} n_1 (z_p-z_0) \frac{a_x}{\lambda}\;\exp(\gamma^2)\;\mathrm{erfc}(-\gamma)\right]\,,
\label{E-r6}
\end{equation}
where $n_1=\sqrt{\varepsilon_{1}\mu_{1}}$ and $\mathrm{erfc}$ is the complementary error function evaluated at the complex argument $\gamma$
\begin{equation}
\gamma=-\frac{x}{a_x}+i\frac{a_x}{\lambda}\pi n_1(z-z_p) \,.
\label{gama}
\end{equation}
Thus, the reflected beam is obtained as a product of two terms: one with a Gaussian form, which is multiplied by another function so that the reflected field is no longer Gaussian.
To gain a deeper understanding of the distortions of the reflected beam, we have calculated the transverse distribution of the reflected electric field as a function of the $x$-coordinate. As shown in Figures \ref{perfiles07} and \ref{perfiles09}, the results obtained using equation (\ref{ref}) (solid lines) are in very good agreement with those obtained using equation (\ref{E-r6}) (circles).
Figure \ref{perfiles07} shows $|E_{r}(x,0)|$ (equation (\ref{ref})) for $d/\lambda=0.7$, $\theta=48.01^{\circ}$ (the angle of incidence for which the peaks in $\Delta^{(1)}$ occur, see figure \ref{fig1}) and for different values of the beam width $a$. The spatial distribution of the incident electric field (dashed line) is given as a reference.
\begin{figure}[htbp!]
\centering
\resizebox{0.50\textwidth}{!}
{\includegraphics{figure7a.eps}}
\resizebox{0.50\textwidth}{!}
{\includegraphics{figure7b.eps}}
\resizebox{0.50\textwidth}{!}
{\includegraphics{figure7c.eps}}
\caption{(Color online)
Profiles of $|E_{r}(x,0)|$ calculated with equation (\ref{ref})(solid line), $|E_{r}(x,0)|$ calculated with equation
(\ref{E-r6}) (circles) and the Gaussian incident field (dashed line) for $d/\lambda=0.7$, $\theta=4<|fim_middle|> Gaussian incident field (dashed line) for $d/\lambda=0.9$, $\theta=47.86^{0}$ and values of $a/\lambda$ considered in figure \ref{fig2}.}
\label{perfiles09}
\end{figure}
For a structure with the coupling layer thickness higher than the critical value, the spatial distribution of reflected electric field is expected to be shifted toward positive values of $x$. The rigorous calculation of $|E_{r}(x,y=0)|$ confirms this expectation, as shown in figure \ref{perfiles09}, analogous to figure \ref{perfiles07}, but for $d/\lambda=0.9$ and
$\theta=47.86^{\circ}$ (the angle of incidence for which the larger values for $\Delta^{(1)}$ occur, see figure \ref{fig2}).
Except for the sign of the lateral shift, the features exhibited by the profiles in figure \ref{perfiles09} are completely analogous to those in figure \ref{perfiles07}. As in the previous example, a double peak structure in the reflected field profile is present and the more severe distortions occur for the smallest beam width.
\section{Conclusions} \label{conclusiones}
We have presented an exhaustive study of the GH lateral shift in Otto-ATR systems with negative index metamaterials near conditions of resonant coupling between the incident field and backward surface waves.
Although the GH beam shift at a {\em single flat interface} can be either positive or negative depending on the type of surface waves (forward or backward) excited by the incoming beam, the erroneous belief that the excitation of a backward surface wave always results in a negative GH shift frequently appears in the literature, particularly when multilayers with negative index materials are involved. To clearly evidence that the excitation of backward surface waves in multilayers with negative index metamaterials can lead to both negative and positive (and not exclusively negative) GH shifts, we have adapted to the Otto configuration the zero-pole model presented in \cite{zeller_incidente} for the Kretschmann configuration. This model predicts the existence of a critical thickness of the coupling layer: above this critical value the lateral shift is positive whereas below this critical value the lateral shift is negative. We have presented rigorous calculations of the transverse distribution of the reflected electric field near the resonant excitation of the backward surface plasmon polariton. These calculations show the existence of large (negative or positive) Goos-H\"anchen shifts accompanied by a splitting of the reflected beam and confirm the predictions of the zero-pole model.
\section*{Acknowledgment}
The authors acknowledge the financial support of Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\'{\i}ficas y T\'ecnicas, (CONICET, PIP 451)
and Universidad de Buenos Aires (project UBA 20020130100718BA).
\section*{References}
| 8.01^{\circ}$ and values of $a/\lambda$ considered in figure \ref{fig1}.}
\label{perfiles07}
\end{figure}
In these examples we observe that the spatial distributions
are always shifted toward negative values of $x$, in total agreement with the
values of $\Delta$ and $\Delta^{(1)}$ obtained for a structure with the coupling layer thickness lower than the critical value. However, the profiles of the reflected fields are distorted with respect to the Gaussian profile of the incident beam, and the more severe distortion is obtained for the smallest beam width. The profiles exhibit a splitting of the reflected beam. As explained in \cite{Tamir}, the major peak is produced by the spectral components of the incident beam which are coupled to the excited SPP, while the minor peak is produced by the spectral components of the incident beam which are not coupled with SPPs.
\begin{figure}[htbp!]
\centering
\resizebox{0.50\textwidth}{!}
{\includegraphics{figure8a.eps}}
\resizebox{0.50\textwidth}{!}
{\includegraphics{figure8b.eps}}
\resizebox{0.50\textwidth}{!}
{\includegraphics{figure8c.eps}}
\caption{(Color online)
Profiles of $|E_{r}(x,0)|$ calculated with equation (\ref{ref})(solid line), $|E_{r}(x,0)|$ calculated with equation
(\ref{E-r6}) (circles) and the | 334 |
A chill is in the air and the holidays are upon us. While more wheels may be on the ground this time of year, our thoughts are still in the sky, making this the perfect season to start planning next year's flying events.
It's no surprise then that the International Council of Air Shows (ICAS) will be holding its annual convention December 6-9th at the Rio All-Suite Hotel in Las Vegas, Nevada. According to ICAS, their organization is dedicated to building and sustaining a vibrant air show industry, and demands that its members operate their businesses at only the highest levels of safety, professionalism, and integrity.
First held in 1967, the ICAS brings together air show performers, support service providers, and consultants across the air show industry all in one place. The 60,000 square foot exhibit hall hosting the event this year has nine hours of programming scheduled during the week.
Air Shows 1<|fim_middle|>, one of the event's most popular workshops, has been held during this conference for a quarter of a century. Programming includes everything from event sponsorship and marketing sessions to air performer workshops and forums.
Check out the detailed event schedule here. | 01 | 2 |
Silk is a form of fiber that is naturally extracted from the cocoons of insect larvae which can be woven into fabrics. The surface of the fiber is able to refract light giving silk cloth a shimmering appearance. Silk has a smooth, soft texture but is not slippery. The silk fiber can be used to create different types of cloth depending on the weaving method<|fim_middle|> pleated dropped waist bodice and jeweled floral detail at natural waist. | .
The medium-weight luxurious silk duchesse satin is made of natural silk fibers. It is one of the best options for bridal gowns as duchesse satin, with a more stable structure, drapes well, creating beautiful pleats and folds without wrinkling. While Duchesse Satin is soft and smooth with a pearly shiny surface, certain synthetic duchesse satin gowns can make the wearer feel hot. The silk version on the other hand is comfortable to wear in warm weather.
Satin is not a type of fiber but the name of the weave (how the cloth is woven). It is created using the twill weaving process, where four horizontal yarns are covered by a single vertical yarn, producing fewer interlacing, which results in the smooth texture. It allows wide parts of yarn to reflect light, which gives it the natural sheen.
Silk Duchesse Satin wedding gowns are very classy and elegant. Because of its beautiful luster and strength, silk satin is a popular material for the main construction of a wedding dress.
Silk chiffon is a plain lightweight woven fabric made with mesh-like weave that makes it translucent. Chiffon can be woven from silk, cotton or synthetic yarn, however top quality chiffon fabric is made of 100% silk. In wedding gowns, chiffon allows for flowing and draping designs. Beautiful chiffon dresses can be single or multi-layered, with frills, ruffles or overlays. Usually a long silk chiffon gown is made with a fitted bodice, and free-flowing flared skirt.
Chiffon can be dyed to almost any colors, so it's a popular choice for evening dresses too. Due to its airy and semi-transparent characteristics, chiffon often adds a romantic touch. It is gorgeous and light but it can be subject to wear and tear. Be extra careful.
Silk Organza is a stiff, lightweight, sheer fabric, that is ideal for voluminous bridal wear, usually used for flowing details like over-skirts, sleeves and neckline overlays. To create full skirt on a gown, this sumptuous fabric can provide structure for the outer layer and add attractive lines.
Here's an off-shoulder neckline fit "n" flare bridal gown with silk organza layered cascading skirt, | 468 |
Quote DB :: Authors :: Harry Truman
Groups: U.S. Presidents
Search Harry Truman's quotes
View Harry Truman's 1 speech
"This is a Christian nation." America, Christianity
"If you can't convince them, confuse them." Debate
"There is nothing new in the world except the history you do not know." History
"The President of the United States hears a hundred voices telling him that he is the greatest man in the world. He must listen carefully to hear the one voice that tells him he's not." Leadership
"I sit here all day trying to persuade people to do the things they ought to have the sense to do without my persuading them<|fim_middle|> and they thought it was hell." Truth & Lies
"Carry the battle to them. Don't let them bring it to you. Put them on the defensive. And don't ever apologize for anything." War & Peace
"It is amazing what you can accomplish if you do not care who gets the credit." Work
Christianity Leadership War & Peace
Truth & Lies Work America
Debate History Presidency | . That's all the powers of the President amount to." Presidency
"A President cannot always be popular." Presidency
"I would rather have peace in the world than be President." Presidency, War & Peace
"Most of the problems a President has to face have their roots in the past." Presidency
"A President either is constantly on top of events or, if he hesitates, events will soon be on top of him. I never felt that I could let up for a single moment." Presidency
"When you get to be President, there are all those things, the honors, the twenty-one gun salutes, all those things. You have to remember it isn't for you. It's for the Presidency." Presidency
"No one who has not had the responsibility can really understand what it is like to be President, not even his closest aides or members of his immediate family. There is no end to the chain of responsibility that binds him, and he is never allowed to forget that he is President." Presidency
"The buck stops here." Presidency
"I never did give them hell. I just told the truth, | 223 |
Commerce Commissioner Steve Kelley shown speaking at a Jan. 4 press conference in Minneapolis.
Under former Gov. Mark Dayton, Minnesota's Department of Commerce put up a strong fight against a controversial proposal for a crude oil pipeline in northern Minnesota, even as the project won approvals and permits from state regulators.
But whether that approach will continue under Gov. Tim Walz, who was sworn in earlier this week, is now unclear. The fledgling DFL administration is evaluating whether to proceed with a key lawsuit challenging the Line 3 pipeline plan from Calgary-based Enbridge, Steve Kelley, the Commerce Commissioner, said on Wednesday. Kelley, a former DFL state senator, was appointed by Walz last week.
The Line 3 project has drawn passionate debate, pitting environmentalists concerned about fossil fuel emissions and the safety of transporting crude oil through Minnesota's lake country against some businesses and trade unions who say the new pipeline will bring an economic boost in Greater Minnesota.
Protests against the pipeline have already erupted on a few occasions since Walz was elected, most recently in the middle of a speech Walz was giving in the Capitol shortly after being sworn in. A large group of unions, politicians, businesses and local chamber of commerce officials said they planned to hand deliver a letter to Walz's office on Thursday morning urging the governor to withdraw the state lawsuit against Line 3.
Enbridge says the new 36-inch pipeline, known as Line 3, is necessary to replace an aging 34-inch pipeline that is corroding and operating at roughly half capacity. If built, the $2.6 billion, 337-mile Minnesota portion of the new Line 3 would carry roughly 760<|fim_middle|> Chilean company need to set up its mines in Northern MN? Why do northern MN farmers rely so much on Chinese soybean exports?
It sure seems like the most die hard Trump voters in the state are quite eager to sell out Minnesota to foreign globalists.
Submitted by David Lundeen on 01/11/2019 - 12:06 pm.
No surprise here since Walz ran as Republican in everything but name in order to appease the cowardly insecurity of rural white men.
Submitted by Greg Smith on 01/13/2019 - 07:09 pm.
What an inane comment, he flipped his position on gun control to appease the suburban voter.
Submitted by Robert Gauthier on 01/14/2019 - 11:10 am.
After the Florida HS shooting he changed his position, in part because his kids asked him how he could support freely available assault weapons. AND being military, he knew that the current laws are ludicrous- the military is much more restrictive with weapons and the NRA positions no longer make sense. We had a fundraiser about then and he was very thoughtful in the discussion, much more so than most posters on gun rights. | ,000 barrels of oil per day through the state. The existing line begins in Edmonton and ends in Superior, Wisconsin. The new one would travel a similar but separate path that cuts through north and central Minnesota.
The state's independent Public Utilities Commission granted Enbridge two key approvals last year — a Certificate of Need and a route permit. But the Commerce Department appealed that Certificate of Need in December, arguing Enbridge had not adequately shown the pipeline is necessary to meet state demand for oil, according to a written statement issued by Dayton at the time.
Walz did not take a side on the Commerce lawsuit in December, and now it appears he'll need more time to think it over. In a follow-up interview on Wednesday, Kelley told MinnPost his agency will make "routine filings and those kinds of things" to keep the lawsuit intact until a decision is made.
Kelley said his plan is to do some research and listening around the state, which may involve travel to northern Minnesota where the pipeline would be built. But all of that is in the early stages. Kelley said he had yet to meet anybody from either side of the debate.
"I put my Line 3 binder in my car this evening to read," he said.
Walz told the Star Tribune in October he accepted the PUC's ruling, and has generally offered support for natural resource projects that meet state regulations. "The PUC did rule. We need to follow the process in place," Walz said, according to the newspaper.
Kelley did say he had some principles to guide his research on Line 3. He said Walz and Lt. Gov. Peggy Flanagan have emphasized "making fact-based decisions" and "progressive values." He also said he supports moving the state away from fossil fuels.
Submitted by Mark Kulda on 01/10/2019 - 11:51 am.
Isn't it true that if the oil is not moved by a pipeline then it will be moved over roughly the same route either by rail or truck? Isn't that far less secure and far more dangerous than using a pipeline?
Submitted by Michelle Wenderlich on 01/10/2019 - 06:22 pm.
No, tar sands oil is so thick (and polluting) that it can't economically be transported via rail/truck. That also means that any spills sink and are basically impossible to clean / restore the ecosystem.
Also Line 3 is currently the only green-lit tar sands pipeline in the US – and stopping it creates a bottleneck in the ability to transport this most polluting form of oil that is causing irreparable health effects on mostly Native communities where it is being extracted (Alberta, along with complete ecosystem destruction). If it is approved it will be impossible to meet even a 2 degree climate target globally.
Submitted by Ken Pearson on 01/11/2019 - 08:42 am.
No. The tar sands oil to be moved by this pipeline has unusually high carbon content and is expensive to extract. It will not continue to be extracted at all, or moved by other means, unless oil prices rise substantially. Roughly 70% of our oil is used for transportation. Demand for oil is expected to decline significantly over the next decade as the transportation sector continues its move toward electrification. Existing and projected demand can be met from other sources that are cheaper and less carbon intensive.The DOC is correct: this pipeline is not needed.
Submitted by N. Coleman on 01/10/2019 - 02:18 pm.
Why does this Canadian oil pipeline need to go through Northern Minnesota? Why does a | 759 |
I went to Hobbiton. Although I have not read any of the books nor seen the movies, when I had the opportunity to visit, I was excited. And, I was not the slightest bit disappointed. It was 3 hours of awesomeness.
We drove from Rotorua through lush countryside to Hobbiton in Matamata which took about an hour.
We arrived with enough time before our booked tour to enjoy a simple but delightful lunch at the Shire's Rest cafe. After lunch we lined up to wait for our bus which swept us off to the Shire. On the way to the site, we watched a feature presentation on the television in the bus.
We drove through beautiful sheep grazing countryside of the Alexander farms to the location of<|fim_middle|> is simply stunning – beautiful gardens, gorgeous flowers, huge trees (one of them is fake) and the fascinating hobbit holes which feel so real and authentic that you could easily believe people are still living there and that it is a real community.
An absolute must do, the set is amazing. The whole place makes you feel like you are part of the movie. Meandering up & down seeing all the hobbit holes all the way to the Green Dragon Inn where we were treated to a choice of either a cup of ale, cider or non alcoholic ginger beer or in my case a dark alcoholic ale.
We loved every second of the tour. It truly was magical; like stepping into a different world. We strolled around the shire like happy little Hobbits for an afternoon. And, if you are not already a fan, you just might become one. | the set. It is virtually impossible to see the set from the road as it takes several minutes drive in to Hobbiton after passing through security gates.
We were overwhelmed by the beauty of the place.
The sets are beautiful, and the amount of detail that was put in to them is mind boggling. If you're a photographer, there are an infinite number of great shots waiting for you here. Our guide was very friendly and knowledgeable. She had a great sense of awareness of when to share her information and when to set the group free to explore an area on their own. She was happy to take photos for us. She told us the details of building the set, how Peter Jackson came to find it and stories about the filming.
Hobbiton itself is magical and it makes you appreciate what a genius Peter Jackson is. The attention to detail is incredible and it doesn't feel like a film set in any way. It really felt like we had fallen into middle earth. It was a fantastic trip through the world of J.R.R. Tolkien and you don't need to be an extreme fan to enjoy this.
During this guided captivating 2 hours tour, we felt transported to the Middle Ages amongst Frodo, Sam, Gandolff and Bilbo Baggins in Bags End Shire and the Green Dragon.
Hobbiton | 272 |
If you fail to plan, you plan to fail. That quote was originally stated by Benjamin Franklin.
Hello, my name is Michael Stack, I'm the CEO of Amaxx<|fim_middle|> So, be great. | . That concept of planning comes to light in the world of worker's compensation in the form of your account handling instructions, your account services instructions, client instructions, et cetera. Various different TPAs and carriers have different names to mean the same thing, which is this tool, this communication tool between the employer and the claims handling organization, whether that's your TPA or carrier. It's a highly effective way to get on the same page for how you're going to approach your worker's compensation claims, how you're going to handle them. What are those set of instructions for what to do as far as a communication tool, and then on the back side, an accountability tool.
You say, "Well, this is what we're supposed to do," and did we do it or not? And then you can come together with that and adjust as needed, tweak as needed, if the plan isn't going as planned.
A number of things that I want you to address, and we cover this really in full detail in our course called How to Script Winning Account Handling Instructions, you can see the link to register for that below. One of these pieces that I want you to really focus on and highlight, because I feel like it gets missed the most, we've come up with all these things about settlements, settlement authority, and how to use medical vendors, and all this different stuff, and look at what term it is we want to use, et cetera, et cetera, et cetera in our planning. But the key piece that is so critical is this chain of command or communication or reliable contacts for the adjuster at the employer site.
For the adjuster at the employer site, who are those reliable, clear contacts that know their contacts and know that they need to get the adjuster information when the adjuster needs it? Because if you come up with this great plan, it's like, "Okay, adjuster, I want you to do X, Y, and Z, and I want you to do all this stuff, and I want you to do this report, I want you to give me this data on X number of days, and I want you to get it all right all the time. Oh, but by the way, when you have a problem, you have a question, or you need to ask the employer something, we may or may not get back to you. I know Jane is your contact, but Jane's on vacation. So you're going to have to wait in order to get that information," and that just doesn't work.
So a number of things that I want you to do when you come up with this clear and concise list of reliable contacts for the adjuster at the employer site. Number one is, what is the chain of command. What is the chain of command at the employer site? So how does that adjuster kind of get to understand what's going on at the company? Who's going to send in, or who needs to receive, that notice of injury whenever an injury occurs? What are the injury details? How do they find out what happened? When the adjuster is going through their three-point contact, who are they calling? And who is that number, are they going to be reliable, are they going to be there to answer that phone?
Who Is The Back-Up Employer Contact?
Number four, who do they call to get the wage history? Who do they call to get the wage history? And then last piece here, there's a number more, but these are just a couple of highlights. Who's in charge of the light-duty program, who do they contact for light duty? And then, just in that example that I just gave, if Jane's the contact and Jane's on vacation, who's the back-up? Who's that back-up person that they're going to contact?
So for every piece within your account instructions, who is the contact at the employer that's going to be reliable and that's going to get that adjuster the information they need to do their job appropriately? If you have that information, then it's going to run just that much smoother.
Again, my name is Michael Stack, I'm the CEO of Amaxx. Remember, your work today in worker's compensation can have a dramatic impact on your company's bottom line, but it will have a dramatic impact on someone's life. | 898 |
Welcome to Narcotics Anonymous Free State Region. Menu Skip to content. Home; Meetings<|fim_middle|> complete textbook for every addict seeking recovery, "Narcotics Anonymous" describes the N.A. program and how it works. It includes the "N.A. Twelve Steps and Twelve Traditions", as well as PDF many personal stories of men and women who have found freedom from addiction through Narcotics Anonymous.
Narcotics Anonymous has a variety of approved literature to help further your recovery. Among them are 'The Basic Text of NA', 'Just for Today', 'It works, how & why', 'The Stepworking Guide' & 'The Sponsorship Guide'.
NA literature suggests that service work is an essential part of a program of recovery. Service is "doing the right thing for the right reason," and is the best example of "good will", which is the basis for the freedom only from active addiction by the NA program.
Free State Region has 533 Home Groups with 732 Meetings per Week. | . An Introduction to NA Meetings; Meetings Map Search ; PDF Meeting List; Meeting Update; Meetings in Free State Region; Service. Regional Information; Free State Regional Service Center; Convention Committee; Hot Line; H & I; Public Relations; Service Related Literature; Documents; Professionals. …... Intended as a | 62 |
Derek Jarman: Protest! review – 'Coherence is overrated'
Adrian Searle
From confrontational paintings about his Aids treatment to the sublime beauty of his film Blue, the late artist, writer gay activist and gardener is revealed in his multifarious, contradictory talents
A film of nothing but a static blue, haunted by voices and a tale of a man going blind, and thinking of buying shoes he will never get a chance to wear – his own will see him through. Self-portraits of a young man, anxious but done with the lightness of Matisse, and another, sullen and glowering, seeing himself as Wyndham Lewis. While you look, Pet Shop Boys are singing It's a Sin, staged for a decadent pop video over the wall, vying with the industrial electronic noise of Throbbing Gristle leaking from another room.
Creativity is not a fashionable word. But you can't think about Derek Jarman, painter, sometime theatre designer, film-maker, gay activist, writer and gardener, without recognising his multifarious and sometimes contradictory talents. He was both the most public and outspoken of artists, a hedonist and city dweller, and an introspective observer of nature, of birdsong and sunsets.
Jarman's enthusiasm and energy, his outspokenness and curiosity saw him through to the end. He died at 52 from an Aids-related illness, in 1994. After his diagnosis as HIV-positive in 1986 Jarman made the decision to be open about his illness which, at that time, was invariably fatal. He had and would continue to lose many friends to Aids, and there is a thread of commemoration running through his later work. Jarman counted the losses.
In life, Jarman achieved a secular sainthood, canonised by the Sisters of Perpetual Indulgence, a group of gay male nuns. Since his death, he has become more than an artist of his time. A quarter of a century on, a blue plaque now commemorates what was once his studio on the Thames, and the Art Fund has purchased his black-tarred cottage, with its canary yellow windows, perched on the shingle of the Dungeness headland, for the nation. Jarman's seaside garden drifts into the no-man's land of the surrounding landscape. It has no discernible boundaries. Neither did its maker.
Currently, there is a show of Jarman's work in Paris, for the city's Festival d'Automne, and a large overview exhibition has just opened at Manchester Art Gallery, travelling from the Irish Museum of Modern Art in Dublin. A season of Jarman's feature films and shorts at Manchester's Home opens at the end of January, and another, smaller exhibition is now at the John Hansard Gallery in Southampton.
Exhibitions that attempt an overview of Jarman's life and work face the difficulty of his creativity. He did so much, in so many different ways, always going his own way. The variety of his approaches, and the shuttle between introspection and outrage, and the radical shifts in his tempo and method over the 40 or so years of his career don't make life easy either for his curators or viewers. There's too much to take in, so many different ways you have to look.
Derek Jarman: Protest! at Manchester Art Gallery dramatises these difficulties, which are in effect the difficulties of the artist himself. Curator Jon Savage has met Jarman's complexity head-on in a theatrical installation in which paintings from the 1950s to the early 90s collide with photography and film, theatre design and pictures of the set he devised for Ken Russell's movie The Devils. Here's Margaret Thatcher's Lunch, the place-setting stuck in black paint, the cutlery oozing red, and there's the prize he won at the Alternative Miss World competition in 1979, a shapely leg covered in shards of broken mirror. Wall-sized blow-ups of Prospect Cottage and small driftwood and stone sculptures vie with songs by the Smiths.
This exhibition, like its lavish accompanying publication, and despite interesting essays, makes Jarman hard to read coherently. Coherence is probably overrated, and in any case, lives aren't lived that way. Jarman was, I think, a reactive rather than programmatic artist, responding to the things and situations around him and the opportunities and challenges they presented – whether it was a sense of space in a painting or a landscape, an attractive personality, the larky, party atmosphere of his film sets or the flare of the gorse flowering near Dungeness's nuclear power station.
Everywhere, there were miracles – human, botanical, literary, meteorological – and matters of geology, theology or poetry or sex. An atheist, Jarman had an almost gnostic sense of the spiritual. He could find it anywhere, especially perhaps in the profane, the transient, in the vitality of a dancing body or in the tenacity of plant life growing in the unlikely and hostile conditions of the shingle he tended.
Words, sometimes scrawled in thick paint, sometimes rendered in his distinctive, highly tuned calligraphy, were as important for Jarman as the mise-en-scène, the spectacle and the tableau. His writing is wonderful, and I keep returning to Modern Nature, his day-by-day journal of 1989 and 1990. It keeps me grounded. His later, small agglutinative paintings and assemblages have a similar brevity to his journal entries, with their daily reflections on weather, local incidents, politics, things found and seen and discovered on the foreshore. Always alert to the things around him, the world adheres to them, they rail against darkness.
His Super 8 shorts often capture the same fleeting world, of people and moments and light. They are all a kind of bricol<|fim_middle|> on online hate
A Paris court on Thursday ruled that Twitter must reveal its measures for fighting hate speech, in one of several cases thrashing out whether the French justice system has jurisdiction over the US social media giant.
Mortgages getting cheaper amid growing competition among UK banks
Fierce competition between banks is driving down mortgage interest rates, says the Financial Conduct Authority.
Facebook's second life: the unstoppable rise of the tech company in Africa
Facebook's second life: the unstoppable rise of the tech company in Africa. Western users may be logging off, but across the continent of Africa, the social media company is indispensable for everything from running a business to sourcing vaccines. How has it become so inescapable? | age. With their broken glass and their morbid black surfaces, their confected agglomerations of spent bullets and seeds, unrolled condoms decaying under glass, a scatter of pills mired in paint, nasty, black tarry canvasses with medical bags and tubes, toy skeletons, rosary beads and crosses, and a grim, symmetrical arrangement of pharmaceutical bottles and packages called One Day's Medications, these all become reliquaries of a life lived. Upping the scale, he also made two series of seething, bitter, large-scale abstractions, the paint spattered and smeared across their clotted, coagulated surfaces. They heave and drag, shout and repulse, without a moment of respite. Queer, they say. Blood. Infection. Disease. Weak and half-blind, Jarman was as much director as painter of these images, and couldn't make them alone. They were deliberately confrontational.
Jarman the painter takes centre stage in Manchester, though he is constantly interrupted, not least by himself. His earlier paintings are filled with the ghosts of other painters, including Paul Nash, perhaps inevitably, and David Hockney. The mix is eclectic. The suave quasi-minimalism of his 70s landscape paintings are a kind of premonition of Dungeness, that great flat expanse poking into the English Channel. Jarman's landscape paintings have a receding flatness and emptiness. You can imagine the lighthouse foghorn and the ominous klaxon from the power station filling these empty painted spaces with sound.
Related: Saintmaking: the canonisation of Derek Jarman by queer 'nuns' – video
For me, Jarman's best works are his books, his garden and his last film, Blue, a work that, broaching the sublime, is simplicity itself, a screen on which nothing happens, but the static blueness. Your ears do all the visualising, and all the projecting is your own. The blue is filled with voices, memories and tart, wistful and mordant observations. Whatever the difficulties and inconsistencies, it is good to return to Jarman, an exemplary artist and man, and a model of the creative life.
Derek Jarman: Protest! is at Manchester Art Gallery until 10 April 2022
A cheap UK growth stock to buy right now
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French court says Twitter must reveal measures | 551 |
Andy Birkett and Dave Evans win Dusi Canoe Marathon
Dusi Canoe Marathon superstar Andy Birkett and his young partner Dave Evans won the 2022 edition of the challenging river race in Durban on Saturday after three days of powerful paddling.
2022 MyLife Dusi Canoe Marathon champions Andy Birkett (left) and Dave Evans.
The two former Maritzburg College pupils held off a strong challenge from Thulani Mbanjwa and Msawenkosi Mtolo for Birkett to secure his ninth consecutive Dusi title and 12th overall, and Evans his first.
Birkett has now won the K2 (doubles) format of the 120km river marathon seven times, mostly with different partners, and the K1 (singles) five times since 2010.
The race format changes every year.
The 31-year-old veteran and 21-year-old Evans finished eight minutes and six seconds ahead of second-placed Mbanjwa and Mtolo after the three days of near flawless racing from Pietermaritzburg to Durban.
Nqobile Makhanya and Sbonelo Khwela came third, 16 minutes and 52 seconds off the pace.
Saturday's third and final<|fim_middle|> seconds ahead of Peek and Mackenzie, while former Olympian, Bridgitte Hartley, and her relatively inexperienced partner Pippa McGregor were 50 minutes behind the winning pair in third place.
Hartley came third in the K1 last year behind Mackenzie and Peek respectively.
This was the 71st edition of the Dusi, with food company MyLife as headline sponsor of the race for the second year running. | stage of the "sporting adventure" took paddlers 36km from Inanda Dam outside Hillcrest to Blue Lagoon in Durban.
The women's competition was won by Abby Solms and Bianca Haw ahead of pre-race favourites Jordan Peek and Christie Mackenzie.
Solms won the gruelling competition for the third time, while Haw now has two titles to her name.
They finished 10 minutes and 32 | 90 |
I wrote this piece almost EIGHT years ago.
I read these words and I am overwhelmed by an immediate sense of gratitude that Jerry, Jonathan and I<|fim_middle|> us. We joyfully receive each of them.
Courtney and I have been saying the rosary for all of you who are holding all of us in prayer. It is a time of great peace in our home and I know that Our Lady is holding Courtney in her arms each and every night, whispering the glories of heaven in her ear, giving her the grace, through her Son, to hang in their a while longer. Courtney's race is not yet done. | were able to stay the course with our Courtney for another seven and a half years. We freaking did it! We got her to Heaven.
I am exhausted just thinking about all that entailed and yet I know at the time, I was simply doing my best to love and care for our girl.
I am humbled by the miracles that the Lord allowed in our lives as we cared for our daughter. As we get closer to her birthday on August 18, I will be posting some of my older posts about Miss Courtney. It's a way to celebrate her life and the love she was always surrounded with.
We did it. We finished the race with our girl. We didn't break or falter at the end, we pushed through trusted in God's providence for Courtney and oh how Our Lord delivered and delivered BIG!
If you are a Mama of a special one, just hang on and hang in. YOU were chosen for such a time as this. Your child needs one thing from you. LOVE! God will provide the inspiration and support for the rest. I promise you!!
It has been one month since Courtney's health took an unexpected turn. Since this newest crisis began we have seen miracle after miracle take place and we are so grateful for all of your prayers and generosity of hand and heart.
Courtney continues to have 3-5 grand mal seizures everyday lasting 4-9 minutes. She has not stopped breathing in over three weeks and for that we are praising God. She laughed on Sunday for the first time in a month and I just held her and laughed with her until tears fell. What a glorious sound it is and how I miss it when it is gone. Jonathan said that Grandpa Green must have been telling his "irishman jokes" in heaven again to get her going. Ahh, the miracle of laughter to soothe an aching mother's heart.
Today we saw the pulmonologist. He too had that look of concern on his face. We are seeing this a lot these days and I have to tell you, I could really do without it. Her lungs were clear, praise God, but she is aspirating with every swallow. This means there is fluid going into her lungs every time she swallows. Not good, but not surprising either. Her body so far has been absorbing it, which is why we have avoided pneumonia. This will not always be the case. The doc is ordering her a feeding pump and by Christmas Courtney will probably be fed completely by her G-tube. This is the hardest part for me.
My daughter loves to eat. It is one of the few "normal" experiences she has left and soon that will be gone. I know in my mind that it is for her safety and health that this change has to be made, but sadness overwhelms my heart when I think about her not having the simple joy of eating by mouth. Miracles abound, so I ask your prayers for God's will in this situation.
Many of you have asked "how bad is it really?" in regards to how long Courtney has on this earth. This is a question only God can answer. She has fought for 15 years every single day of her life and I am convinced she is not done with that fight just yet. Will it get harder for her? Yes indeed. Her body is already showing signs of shutting a little at a time. Will God bring her home next week, next month, next year? I don't think it will be that quick to be honest. The physicians who care for her have told us these past few years that it would be a long, slow process of one system at a time. Now we are beginning to see this happen. One thing I do know for sure, LOVE changes things. In the Lenaburg house, there is a lot of love. so who knows what Our Lord has in store. I can only imagine….
So what to do? How can we "fix" it? There is nothing to do but love her each and every day we are blessed with her. There is nothing to "fix". Courtney is not broken. In God's eyes she is perfect. So, we will NOT despair. We WILL persevere in prayer and hope that God will continue to work miracles each and everyday through this young lady's suffering.
We will continue to see the miracle in every breath taken and every moment of laughter. We will CHERISH this young life and learn each day to surrender her to God, for we only get to borrow her for a little while. She belongs to Him, Our Creator, Our Lord and one day, when He is ready, He will bring her home. Until then we will live each and every day celebrating God's love for us and do the best we can to make Courtney's life the best it can be. This is what God is asking of us. No more, no less.
On the financial front, things are moving along to begin a "friend-raising campaign" to pay off the second mortgage so we can sell the house. You should be getting an email in the next two-three weeks in regards to this. For now, we are holding steady, one day at a time.
Please keep praying. You may forward any of our emails to anyone you know who wishes to join us in this prayerful journey. There can never be enough prayers said. I have kept emails from people we have never met who are loving our daughter through their prayers and sacrifices. Please pass any on to | 1,120 |
EASD Health Services performs several school-based screenings each year to help identify students who may have health difficulties that could interfere with their communication and learning. Families will be notified of screening results.
Each fall,<|fim_middle|> by a dentist. The screening is not a dental exam, but rather a dental visualization by a volunteer registered dental hygienist using a flashlight.
EASD requires scoliosis screenings as part of their requested physical exam for kindergarteners, fourth, seventh, and ninth graders. There is no in-school scoliosis screening.
Additional screenings will be performed as needed. | EASD Health Aides and volunteers provide a simple vision screening to students 4K-5th grade. These screenings are NOT eye exams, and simply note students who have difficulty seeing from a distance of ten feet. These screenings do not detect students with near-vision problems. A complete eye exam, performed by an eye care specialist, is recommended for all students entering kindergarten and then every two years.
The goal of the hearing screening is to determine if a hearing problem exists that can interfere with educational performance. Volunteers perform a simple hearing screening each fall, using an audiometer, for students in grades 4K-5. This screening is not a hearing exam and does not detect all types of hearing loss. Families should visit their healthcare provider should the screening detect a problem.
The dental screening for students in grades K-5 is an additional service provided to families by the Elkhorn Area School District to identify students who may need further evaluation | 190 |
Gathered in the Spirit of Jesus...
We worship every Sunday morning at 10:<|fim_middle|>717-4011. Read below to learn how to join our community!
Meet the Minister Coffees
We have monthly opportunities to gather immediately following worship with Pastor Robin for informal conversations about First Church and its many opportunities for service and community. Please see the events page and calendar for more information.
Path to Membership Classes
For people interested in finding out about making a deeper commitment to the church through membership, these classes, led by Pastor Robin, connect new people to one another, and invite folks to learn more about our church. See events page and calendar for upcoming classes.
New Member Sundays
We have 2-3 new member Sundays per year, to celebrate and affirm our new members. Please see the events page and calendar for upcoming new member Sundays.
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6 Meetinghouse Hill Road, Sterling, Massachusetts
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Follow us: | 00 am in our historic sanctuary at 6 Meetinghouse Hill Rd in Sterling, MA. You can park in front of the church, or in the municipal parking lot next door, or behind the town hall.
Listen to a Sermon
What is a typical worship experience like?
Usually led by our pastor, The Reverend Robin Bartlett, our dynamic, spirited, and stimulating worship services are on Sunday mornings at 10:00 am. We are moved deeper into worship by one of our fabulous First Church choirs, led by our Minister of Music, Ronna Davis. As worship co-creators, we strive for "goose bump moments," plenty of laughter, and even tears when we worship together.
You'll find a relaxed, casual atmosphere with genuinely warm and friendly people at First Church. You will be met at the door by greeters who hand out name tags and get new folks oriented. Ushers hand you a bulletin (an order of the worship service). The service begins with prayer, reflection and a hymn. A time is reserved for our minister to speak directly with the children, after which the children head off to Sunday School. Scripture readings and an engaging, relevant, sometimes funny and occasionally irreverent sermon are followed by prayers of the people, the occasional beautiful ritual, more hymns, and the weekly offering. We end with prayer and a final hymn. Services usually last about 1-1¼ hours.
We serve Holy Communion on the first Sunday of every month. All are welcome at our communion table—children and adults of all ages, members and non-members and guests, those who believe a little, those who believe a lot, and those who aren't sure, whether you're baptized or not–absolutely no exceptions.
We have special services at least once a month according to the liturgical year including a Blessing of the Animals, an All Souls Sunday candlelighting service, a Thanksgiving celebration and Christmas Eve services. We have Holy Week services including Ash Wednesday, Palm Sunday, Maundy Thursday, Easter Sunrise and Easter Festival worship. Please check our calendar and events pages for more information.
Children and babies of all ages are ALWAYS welcome to worship with their caregivers, and on some special Sundays throughout the year, all ages are encouraged to worship together. We provide safe and loving childcare for babies, toddlers and young children during our worship time in our Kinderwatch room every Sunday.
Sunday School meets on Sundays during worship for preschool to 8th graders. Children join us in worship for the first fifteen minutes before being dismissed to Sunday School classes. On the first Sunday of the month, children go straight to their classes, and join us for communion in the sanctuary at the end of worship. We practice open communion, and children of all ages are invited to participate in the sacrament. In the summer, we meet for worship as usual, with childcare for all ages.
Our only dress requirement is "wear clothes." Come as you are. We care about you, not your clothes. You will find people at the First Church in their Sunday best, and you will find people in jeans and t-shirts. So dress as you like, and join us in comfort.
Music at First Church
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First Church has active Adult, Contemporary, and Bell Choirs. What is your artistic spiritual expression? Do you like to sing, or play an instrument? Our Minister of Music, Ronna Davis, practices the mantra: "participation, not perfection." First Church provides an opportunity for musicians to nurture their artistic expression and they are guided to do so in ways that enhance their abilities. Ronna's goal is that everyone is given the opportunity to grow and be nurtured in their musical expression. All ages and all genres of music are honored and appreciated at The First Church.
First Church Choir
The wonderful First Church choir requires no audition or previous experience, and sings every Sunday from early September-early June. The choir rehearses on Friday evenings at 7:00 pm in the sanctuary, and follows up with merriment at a local bar immediately following. They rehearse again on Sunday mornings at 9:00 am. If you are interested in joining the choir, please email our Minister of Music, Ronna Davis at music@fcsterling.org
The Contemporary Choir sings at various times throughout the year. Typically, a couple of rehearsals precede the church performance. Music is of many genres and is typically accompanied by electric guitar, piano and other rhythm/percussion instruments.
Cindy Popp-Hager is our contemporary choir director. If you are interested in more information, please contact her at: cindypopphager@comcast.net
The First Church has a low-pressure and fun bell choir. The First Church was blessed with a gift from the late Jim and Marian Stuart, a 3-octave Schulmerich handbell set that the First Church bell choir rehearses and performs with.
Rehearsals are each Sunday from 11:20 – 11:50 am. Bell choir runs in two calendar sections. The first section is from October through Christmas. The second section is from February through Easter. All are welcome to inquire about membership. Musical experience is not required. If you are interested in learning more about joining either one or both semesters of the Bell Choir, please email Ronna Davis: music@fcsterling.org
After the service, all are welcome to attend a coffee hour, where beverages, snacks, and a chance to gather as a community is encouraged. Look below to read about other ways to be connected!
Village Green Preschool
Founded in October 1980, the Village Green Preschool is a community outreach program of the First Church. It is nonprofit and nonsectarian and welcomes all children 2 years & 9 months to 5 years from Sterling and the surrounding area.
The preschool offers a developmentally based early childhood program designed to foster maximum growth in the following areas: communication and language, socialization, self-expression, values, aesthetic appreciation, physical skills, intellectual competency and personal autonomy. Class sessions meet two or three days per week either in the morning (9:15 – 11:45 AM) or in the afternoon (12:30 – 3:00 PM). Registration is held each year in January for the following September and thereafter on a space available basis.
Village Green Preschool is licensed by the MA Dept. of Early Education and Care (DEEC) and is accredited by the National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC). We invite you to schedule a visit or to call the Director, Linda Greene for additional information.
(978.422.8256)
http://www.villagegreenpreschool.org
Sterling Community Theatre
One day in the Spring of 1996, a church member named Susan Galvin looked at the unused stage in the Parish Hall of The First Church in Sterling and asked, "What do you think about starting a community theatre here?" By that Fall, she and a group of The First Church members produced Sterling Community Theatre's first show, Godspell. The company was born.
Sterling Community Theatre's mission is "to provide an outreach of fellowship and cultural enrichment by facilitating a quality theater/arts oriented experience within the greater Sterling community, centered on family and community values."
Each year, the Sterling Community Theatre produces a musical theater production in the fall. Each production involves upwards of 50 to 75 people from Sterling and surrounding towns. The result is first class performances that are appreciated by all, from the very young to the not-so-young.
See Sterling Community Theater's website for more information:
http://www.sterlingtheatre.com.
Town-wide Yard Sale
We host the annual Sterling town-wide yard sale to benefit our children's and youth programs and the funds raised provide scholarships to youth at First Church.
Turkey Supper
Our annual turkey supper happens every October, is open to all, and benefits our church's ministries. A wonderful town-wide event, we serve turkey with all of the fixings, and delicious apple crisp.
Eat, Pray, Learn
On the third Wednesday of every month from October-May, First Church hosts a multigenerational evening of learning, worship and fellowship. We gather for a simple meal of soup and bread, have a short worship service, followed with children's activities and adult spiritual development opportunities. See our events page and calendar for our next Eat, Pray, Learn experience.
Our women's fellowship meets monthly, and includes multiple opportunities for spiritual development, friendship and service. Our annual women's retreat in the fall is one of our most beloved ministries.
Knit Wits
Knitters meet monthly to knit prayer shawls for community members in need. See our calendar and our events page for upcoming meetings.
Pub Theology
A group of people who meet at Barber's Crossing for good food, good drinks, and good discussion about church in the 21st century. See our events page for upcoming events.
Young and Youngish Adults
Our 20s/30s(ish) group meets monthly for community, friendship, deep discussion and connection. See our events page for more information.
Aging Gracefully meets on the second and fourth Thursdays of the month at 9:45 am. A ministry for seniors, the group talks about everything from the big religious questions (Why are we here? Who and What is God? What happens when we die?) to how to engage with adult children. See our calendar and events pages for more information.
Holly Berry Brunch
On the first Sunday in December, we serve up a hearty brunch after worship service: usually eggs, danish, toast, coffee, milk, juice, and fruit. It's a great time for fellowship, and helps us raise money for outreach activities.
Our annual Caribbean dinner and silent auction to benefit our missions in La Romana happens every winter. Please see our events page and calendar for more information.
Treasures of the Community Auction
We ask… What will you do today that will matter tomorrow?
The Treasures of the Community Auction Committee raises funds for the La Romana Mission in the Dominican Republic, the Interfaith Hospitality Network's outreach work with families who are homeless in the Worcester area, and The First Church in Sterling programs and facilities.
Today, we ask you to help us make tomorrow matter, so that…
Hundreds of families will find temporary shelter in the congregations of the Interfaith Hospitality Network, enabling them to save money toward a place to call their own — a hand up, not a handout.
Thousands of impoverished adults and children living in the sugar cane field villages of the Dominican Republic will see a doctor and receive medicine at an onsite clinic.
Thousands of local people will use the First Church facilities for events, Scouts, family gatherings, theater, and more, as they have for generations.
The Good Samaritan General Hospital in La Romana, Dominican Republic, will continue to expand and improve as Sterling volunteers assist local workers with construction.
The First Church in Sterling, a model of ecumenical and interfaith conversation and tolerance will continue to enhance the Sterling community with its advocacy and outreach, programs and events.
For more information about First Church's annual auction, please see: https://www.fctreasures.com
First Saturday Meals
On the first Saturday of every month from September to June, First Church hosts a free Saturday lunch for the community. Led by volunteers and featuring live entertainment, this is a great opportunity to eat delicious food and get to know fellow members of the community. See our events page for upcoming Saturday meals.
Pastor Robin is always available to people new to our church, by appointment. If you would like to schedule a meeting with Pastor Robin, please email her at robinwbartlett@gmail.com, or call her: (617) | 2,446 |
The ray theory belongs to the methods most frequently used in seismology and seismic exploration for forward and inverse modeling of high-frequency seismic body waves.<|fim_middle|>otropic, laterally varying layered media and its numerical efficiency in such computations. It provides a physical insight into the wave propagation process by separating the wavefield into individual elementary waves and by allowing their identification. In addition, it makes possible to track the paths in the medium along which energy of individual waves propagates, an aspect very important in tomography. The ray method also represents an important basis for other related, more sophisticated methods, such as the paraxial ray method, the Gaussian beam summation method, the Maslov method, the asymptotic diffraction theory, etc. The ray method also has some limitations. As mentioned above, it is approximate. It is applicable only to smooth media with smooth interfaces, in which the characteristic dimensions of inhomogeneities are considerably larger than the prevailing wavelength of the considered waves. The ray method can yield distorted results and may even fail in some special regions called singular regions.
The reprint is available in PDF (893 kB).
In: Gupta, H.K. (ed.): Encyclopedia of Solid Earth Geophysics, pp. 1244-1258, Springer, Berlin, 2011. | In smoothly varying media with smooth interfaces, it can provide useful approximate solutions of the elastodynamic equation of satisfactory accuracy. Starting from an intuitive description of the propagation of seismic waves along special trajectories -- rays, it has developed into a highly sophisticated method, described briefly in this review paper.
The ray method has its advantages and disadvantages. The basic advantages are its applicability to complex isotropic and anis | 79 |
Despite low air pollution emissions in the region, the city of Bergen in Norway experiences seasonal periods of smog.
On a sunny summer day, the streams of tourists who flow through the coastal city of Bergen, Norway enjoy crisp blue skies and crystal-clear views of the region's scenic valleys. But if those same tourists were to come during a cloudless winter day, many would be shocked to find the city shrouded in hazy gray smog. These seasonal air pollution spikes are worrisome to residents and have brought the city unwanted media attention.
The pollution is perplexing in the isolated city with seemingly low emissions, no heavy industry, and a population of just 275,000. Searching for ways to reduce pollution without causing a heavy economic burden to Bergen's businesses and residents, city officials have struggled to pinpoint the source of the smog. Some point to emissions from traffic or log fires commonly used for domestic heating, while others blame the heavy ship traffic in the city's harbor.
Seeking to settle the matter, the Bergen Harbor Authority put out a call for research proposals, which led to a partnership with Tobias Wolf, a doctoral student at Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center in Bergen. For the past few years, Wolf has combined sophisticated simulations with meteorological and air pollution measurements to investigate the complex conditions that lead to smog events in the long, narrow valley in which Bergen is situated. Now, in partnership with the Harbor Authority, Wolf and his colleagues are adapting their high-resolution simulations to help illuminate the harbor's role in the city's air pollution.
On otherwise clear days in the winter, temperature inversions in the Bergen Valley trap air pollution at ground level, creating smog in the city center.
As anyone who has ascended a mountain can tell you, air temperature usually drops as elevation increases. But in Bergen, a collection of factors combine to turn this conventional wisdom on its head. During Bergen's long winter nights, clear skies and low, winds that could sweep through the valley exert a strong cooling effect on the ground. This periodically causes an atmospheric temperature inversion in which air at lower altitudes is cooler than air higher up. Temperature inversions trap air pollutants at ground level, and in Bergen this creates smog despite overall low emissions in the region.
During his doctoral work, Wolf discovered several important characteristics of high-pollution events and their associated temperature inversions. For example, measurements showed that although temperature inversions in the Bergen valley were more common than previously assumed, high air-pollution events only occurred when temperature inversions remained consistent for a relatively long time.
The Bergen valley is only 1 kilometer wide at the base<|fim_middle|> hundred meters above the valley. These high-level winds are balanced by lower level southeasterly, or down-valley, winds that arise from convection created by the contrasting temperatures of the cold city center and warm ocean currents.
Although the down-valley winds imply that air pollution from ships would likely be carried away from the city center, this information is not easily obtained by examining wind speeds and direction in the city center alone. With funding from the Bergen Harbor Authority, the researchers will use PALM simulations to study exactly how ship pollutants are transported.
This plot shows air pollution emissions (red) originating from the largest street in Bergen traveling through the valley. The blue arrows show the wind direction and speed at 35 meters above sea level. The length of the arrow in the box denotes a wind-speed of 3 meters/second.
Wolf and his colleagues at the Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center could use the same simulation approach to help decision makers understand how various mitigation strategies would actually affect air pollution. Wolf emphasizes the importance of "virtually testing" mitigation strategies ahead of implementing policies, especially since cutting back on ships in the harbor or reducing vehicle driving can have large economic impacts.
The same high-resolution simulation approach could be used to study the impact of ships on air quality in other harbor towns in Norway and elsewhere. It is also applicable for exploring how small-scale air circulation affects air pollution in cities where mountains influence wind currents or skyscrapers create street canyons that might trap pollution.
Wolf's doctoral work was funded by GC Rieber Funds. | , making it important to examine how small-scale air circulation influences air pollution events. For this, Wolf and his colleagues turned to the PALM LES model, a computer-intensive research tool that can simulate circulations at a 10-meter resolution. For comparison, a typical weather forecast uses simulations that run on a 1-kilometer or larger scale.
Combining the PALM simulation with their other findings, the researchers showed that during a high pollution event the local valley topography causes a reversing of normally southeasterly winds a few | 108 |
at Viera High School, hunt starts at 10 a.m.
Everyone loves to hunt Easter Eggs and this year our agency wanted to make sure that everyone in our community had the<|fim_middle|> Extravaganza.
The event that is open to those in our community who are visually impaired and their families, will take place on April 20 at Viera High School with the hunt starting at 10 a.m.
Regardless if you participate in the Easter Egg Hunt or just come out to cheer our participants on we hope you will join us for this exciting event. | chance to join in the fun. This is a very special Easter Egg Hunt designed specifically for those in our community who are visually impaired, as all the eggs emit a sound so that they can be found during this Easter Egg Extravaganza.
BREVARD COUNTY, FLORIDA – Everyone loves to hunt Easter Eggs and this year our agency wanted to make sure that everyone in our community had the chance to join in the fun.
This is a very special Easter Egg Hunt designed specifically for those in our community who are visually impaired, as all the eggs emit a sound so that they can be found during this Easter Egg | 124 |
It is a beautiful little town<|fim_middle|> oldest document which contains the name "Lixouri" was sent in 1534 by local authorities to the Senate of Venice. In the 19th century, Lixouri was a popular tourist destination- major personalities like Richard Strauss visited the town during this period.
Many houses were destroyed in the earthquakes of 1867 and 1953. Slowly the town was rebuilt with respect to the traditional architecture, unlike other places on the island and from the 1990s became again a popular tourist destination with accommodation and services mainly built south of the town near the beaches.
Residents of Lixouri are famous for their musical tendencies and their musical background, that is why the town holds the second oldest philharmonic orchestra in Greece. The orchestra produces concerts of a very high standard and takes part in public parades in Kefalonia as well as in other places in Greece. Other important sights in the area are the ancient city of Pali which was probably a Corinthian settlement which was situated at the entrance of Lixouri (today is called Kolona). The church of Agios Charalampos (the patron saint of the city) and the statue of the poet and satirical author Andreas Laskaratos, who wrote about the life in his home town. The statue has its back turned to Argostoli, giving a humorous touch to the old rivalry between the two cities.
One of the few buildings that survived the earthquake was the mansion of Typaldoi-Iakovatoi which it is now turned into a library with a rich collection of 25000 books and is the home of many rare publications and other literary treasures. In the front yard of the mansion, cultural events are organised during the summer months.
Lixouri, is a lively town with all the necessary services, a variety of good restaurants and bars, a market, bank, pharmacies, public services and hospital, and some claim that the nightlife here is more exciting than Argostoli!
The cafes have their own style and great atmosphere, for a nice coffee and desserts head to the main beautiful and busy square of Lixouri. It is situated in a unique position just in front of the sea with the sea breeze tickling your senses.
Lixouri has a small port with a ferry line with services to Argostoli (departing every 1 or 1/2 hour) that is used for vehicles as well as pedestrains.
The nearest best beaches are Lepeda, Xi, Vatsa, Petanoi, Lagadakia and Platia Ammos. | , the second largest after Argostoli and the biggest one in the peninsula of Paliki. Lixouri is a lively working town and port with an interesting street layout, an impressive main square and houses with gardens full of flowers.
It has rich history since the ancient city of Pali, which belonged to the four major cities of the Kefalonian tetrapolis, which was situated slightly further north, in the location of Paliokastro and was abandoned completely by the 16th century. The ancient city was named after king Pileas and was so powerful that issued its own currency.
The new city was founded when citizens of Pali found a new location for a town. The area of Paliki had from ancient times been ideal for cultivation, a flat, fertile land, with hills and clay soil. The | 168 |
Home News & Analysis Akin Gump promotes secondaries lawyer to partner
Akin Gump promotes secondaries lawyer to partner
Amanda Butler-Jones plays a 'leading role' in the law<|fim_middle|> 12 LP portfolio sales during that year. | firm's relationship with the secondaries and liquidity solutions group of a large asset manager.
Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld has promoted a lawyer who focuses on secondaries transactions to the partnership.
Amanda Butler-Jones, who joined the law firm in 2014, plays a "leading role" in the firm's relationship with the secondaries and liquidity solutions group of a large asset manager, according to a statement.
Based in Washington DC, she represents lead investors and fund sponsors in single and multi-asset fund restructurings, and has leading roles in representing fund sponsors in the formation, structuring and operation of private investment funds.
In total, Akin Gump promoted 15 lawyers to partner-level, effective 1 January.
Akin Gump's secondaries transactions last year include representing Mubadala Capital in a $3 billion stapled secondaries deal last year, according to its submission for affiliate title Private Equity International's PEI Awards 2022. The transaction involved closing on four simultaneous transactions: the launch of a continuation fund; the sale of a private equity portfolio; a hybrid NAV-based term loan facility and revolving credit line to fund purchase price and fund working capital for the continuation fund, and the launch of Mubadala Capital's fourth vintage private equity fund.
The law firm advised on $24 billion of deals between 1 November 2020 and 31 October 2021, evenly split across buyout, growth and credit, according to the Secondaries Investor Law Firm Survey 2022, published in June. It advised on 31 GP-led deals, including nine single-asset processes and | 345 |
External Forces May Have Been Involved in #PlateauKillings – Buratai
Kingsley Kanayo
Chief of Army Staff, Lt. Gen Tukur Buratai said some external forces may be behind the recent violence on the Plateau and in some North-Central States to destabilise the country, The Sun reports.
"We're not ruling out the possibility of external forces destabilising the country," Buratai declared at a press briefing in Maiduguri on Friday to flag off the 2018 Army Day celebration.
He described the killing on the Plateau as dastardly. He said the army has taken steps to prevent escalation of the violence. He said the army was equal to the task of ensuring that nobody is allowed<|fim_middle|>insurgency operation. He said the Nigerian Army Day Celebration (NADCEL), which commenced yesterday would be used to showcase the combat capability of the army.
"The celebration is to consolidate our success in the fight against Boko Haram. The situation that was prevailing in this country in 2014 and 2015 was grave. We believe bringing the celebration here will further consolidate our successes. We want to show that the Nigerian Army has lived up to its bidding," he explained.
He said the Nigerian Army Day Celebration came into being in 1976, adding that the celebration was a reminder of the sacrifices made by troops of the Nigerian Army to keep the nation together.
Nigerian ArmyPlateau KillingsTukur Buratai
Blame PDP for #PlateauKillings - Buhari Media Organisation
UK Parliament Condemns #PlateauKillings, Urges Buhari to Take Action | to continue in the violence. "We have deployed more troops as reinforcement."
He also canvassed for development of long-term solution to some social problems that may have fuelled the violence. "We must be thinking of solving some inherent problems that may have caused the crisis," he counselled.
He said the army decided to hold its celebration in Borno this year to consolidate on the successes recorded in the counter | 81 |
I was very happy with the services of Tiernan & Co, and in fact have recommended their services to two friends since my claim settled.
When I was involved in a road traffic accident, I was unsure what to do. From the first time I contacted Tiernan & Co Solicitors until my case was finalised all members of staff kept me updated. They kept things simple, so it was easy for me to understand all aspects of my claim.
Mark and his staff main priority are their clients, I couldn't recommend this firm enough.
I have been a client of Tiernan & Co for years now, Mark has dealt with my house purchase and sale, the probate of my fathers estate and a personal injury case on my behalf. Mark offers a highly professional service with a personal touch. I would recommend Mark to anyone in need of legal advice.
Any queries I had in relation to my personal injury claim were answered promptly and in a professional manner and in the end the compensation I received exceeded my expectations.
I always felt that the staff in Tiernan & Co had time to listen to me and respond to any question I asked. As a client<|fim_middle|> answered any question I had, no matter how silly it sounded! To be kept updated throughout the whole claim made it much easier for me and in the end I couldn't have been happier with the outcome. | I felt I was a priority.
As it was my first time claiming, I was unsure what to do. Mark and the staff at Tiernan & Co helped me through every stage of the process and | 41 |
Flushing Meadows-Corona Park Pool & Rink
Client New York City<|fim_middle|> American Registered Architects, New York
Mar 01,2016 Avoid The White Elephant (Parks & Recreation Business) Read Feb 29,2008 Modern Pool for Public Is Opening in Flushing (NYTimes) Read
Design Architect Architect of Record Interior Designer
Design Partner(s)
Associate Architect - Hom & Goldman Architects
David Sundberg. Esto
Ipswich Studios, The Boston Conservatory | Department of Parks and Recreation
Location New York City, NY
Project Type Public
Status Completed in 2009
The Flushing Meadows-Corona Park Pool & Rink uses a cable-stay roof structure to reduce the size requirements for the trusses.
The Flushing Meadows-Corona Park Pool & Rink is situated on the edge of Flushing Meadows Corona Park and next to the Van Wyck Expressway, where it mediates between the urban neighborhood and open green space. It was the first indoor public pool to be built in New York City in four decades.
In the late 1930's, "master builder" Robert Moses, then the New York City Parks Commissioner, cleared the area and created what was then called "Flushing Meadow Park," in anticipation of the iconic 1939-1940 World's Fair. Twenty-five years later, the World's Fair returned to the park, with soaring structures and the massive Unisphere that made the park world-famous.
By the late 1990's, the city needed a new recreation facility for the growing population of northern Queens. Construction of a previous design started but was halted by funding constraints after September 11, 2001. When the city restarted the project, the pool became part of New York City's 2012 Olympic bid, and had to meet requirements for an Olympic water polo venue.
One of the challenges that cities often face when new facilities are planned for massive sporting events like the Olympics is to accommodate the crush of people who attend the events, but also consider the day-to-day users who will visit when these events are over. This often leads to some form of over-building, requiring a higher level of maintenance or operational costs than initially intended. The facility needed to accommodate both the requirements of the Olympics, as well as the requirements of daily use afterwards.
We challenged the conventional wisdom that large interior volumes should be structured in a particular way.
Both the pool and rink had to be clear-spans, that is, with no columns supporting the roof in the space. A long-span truss system is a common solution for this type of problem. Olympic standards require the bleacher seating to run the long direction of the pool (over 200 feet), and with no intervening columns blocking spectator viewing; trusses run parallel with the length of the pool, and need to be very deep. We were also concerned that exposed steel trusses in the heavily chlorinated environment of the pool area could pose significant maintenance costs over time.
The solution for supporting the building was a cable-stay roof structure. This takes the weight of the roof and channels it into a soaring mast. The cables balance the weight of the roof on the mast, creating a support entirely removed from the chlorinated interior. The mast and cables define the building while echoing the pavilion structures from the 1964 World's Fair—a new, relevant icon in this historic park setting.
Though initially more expensive to build the structure, there were cost savings elsewhere that more than made up the difference. Since the massive trusses weren't needed, the entire building volume was reduced. Less volume to enclose meant saving significant money on the exterior facade and, more importantly, less air to heat and cool on both sides of the facility. Savings accrued in front costs of a smaller mechanical system and reduced energy demand, thus saving $150,000 per year in operating costs.
By using a cable-stay roof structure, the interior volume of the building was reduced.
The building includes an Olympic-sized indoor swimming pool with seating for 400, a NHL regulation-size ice rink with seating for 440, and locker rooms.
The swimming pool is ADA accessible; one-third of the pool floor moves vertically and also includes two moveable bulkheads to configure the swimming area for different competitions. The pool and rink are oriented end-to-end, juxtaposing liquid and frozen water, humid and dry environments. An outdoor terrace is accessible from the pool deck.
2009 Building of America Award - Real Estate & Construction Review IDEAS2 National Award - American Institute of Steel Construction 2008 Professional Design Award - Society of American Registered Architects Citation for Design - AIA/New York State Design Award - Society of | 881 |
I thought I was a solid—if a bit inexperienced—cook when I put on my apron for the first time in Ina Garten's barn. We were making banana-chocolate coffee cake, and one of my jobs was to mash the banana. I put the banana into a bowl and proceeded to chase it around with the back of a spoon, the banana sliding all over the place. Ina came over and showed me that if you put the banana on a cutting board and mash it with a fork instead, that banana will be history in no time. Sounds simple, and it was—a simple change that made a huge difference.
In the two years since, I've learned much more in Ina's kitchen—she's imparted wisdom in everything, be it arranging flowers or carving a chicken. I've grabbed some great tips and tricks that make entertaining simple<|fim_middle|> the sausage out altogether for vegetarian pizzas.
The pizzas will cook very quickly on the hot grill and can be a bit cumbersome to remove in such direct high heat, so you might want to grab some oven mitts to protect your hands. And if the dough bubbles in places, don't panic. Part of the fun of making homemade pizzas is that each one has a unique shape and character.
Lidey Heuck works as Ina Garten's assistant, social media manager, and occasional recipe tester. She lives in East Hampton, NY. | , stress free, and most importantly, fun! I can't wait to share here.
The huge time and stress saver here is to buy pizza dough instead of making it from scratch. Most pizzerias will sell you balls of fresh pizza dough for a very reasonable price—I paid about $4 for a pound of dough at my local pizza place.
Anyone can dump a can of marinara sauce onto a rolled out pizza crust, sprinkle on some cheese and call it a day, but my recipe for homemade tomato sauce really couldn't be easier, and makes all the difference flavor-wise. It's inspired by Marcella Hazan's classic tomato sauce recipe, which has only four ingredients—tomatoes, onion halves, butter and salt. I dice the onions and add garlic and fresh basil for added flavor and a chunky texture. And my recipe makes a big batch of sauce, so you can freeze the extra to use later with pasta or another batch of pizzas.
Before working with Ina, I thought all canned tomatoes were the same, but I've since learned that San Marzano are hands down the most flavorful—and thankfully, they're sold at most grocery stores. You can use whole or crushed here; I used crushed to save the extra step of chopping the tomatoes.
Now, let's talk toppings. It is easy to get carried away, as the possibilities are endless and it's tempting to pile pizzas with small mountains of meat, cheese and vegetables. Same goes for number of toppings offered. I would suggest sticking to a few that go well together, instead of trying to include every topping you've ever had on a pizza. Pepperoni-Hawaiian-BBQ Chicken pizza isn't a thing for a reason.
We went for a combination of fresh mozzarella, chicken sausage, cherry tomatoes, and fresh basil, with a generous sprinkling of Parmesan for good measure. There are a ton of different flavors of chicken sausage available, but I'd recommend a plain or spicy variety for these pizzas. You could also use pork sausage if that's more your thing, or leave | 418 |
Letters, Maternal Kin
March 27, 2016 Lisa Y. HendersonColvert, Easter, greeting card, McNeely 3 Comments
An Easter card for my grandmother Margaret Colvert Allen from her aunt, Minnie McNeely Hargrove, circa 1970.
Maternal Kin, North Carolina, Photographs
Mr. & Mrs. Reeves.
March 21, 2016 Lisa Y. HendersonCharlotte NC, McConnaughey, photograph, Reeves, Rowan County 3 Comments
I have written here of what I know of Fletcher and Angeline McConnaughey Reeves. Angeline (1858-1953), daughter of Robert McConnaughey, a white man, and Caroline McConnaughey (who was owned by Robert's kinsman), was a first cousin of my great-great-grandmother Martha Miller McNeely.
And here, as best we know, is Fletcher Reeves. (Though, for a fact, this man looks older than 56, Fletcher's age at death.)
Many, many thanks to Peggy King Jorde, a relative of Angeline and Fletcher's son-in-law William Kiner, for sharing these and other photos of Evelyn C. Kiner's family. Originals in Peggy King Jorde Archive.
Births Deaths Marriages, Other Documents, Paternal Kin
Your aunt-in-law.
March 19, 2016 Lisa Y. HendersonHenderson, Lowe, New York City 1 Comment
Speaking of Caswell Henderson's wife Carrie, what do we know of her?
She was a young woman when she married the widowed Caswell, who was nearly 20 years her senior. Here is their marriage license:
Caswell C. Henderson, 47 West 66th Street, age 42, widowed, customs clerk, born N.Y. City [not true], father Lewis Henderson, mother Margaret Balcum, married Carrie Louise Lowe, 200 East 99th Street, age 23, single, born Culpepper County, Virginia, father Warren Lowe, mother Annie M. Spillman, on 7 November 1907, by G.C. Houghton. (I've written of this here.)
The earliest sighting of Carrie is in the 1900 census of Manhattan, New York County, New York: at 166 West 67th Street, Georgia-born Warren Lowe, his 35 year-old Virginia-born wife Annie, and their children Carrie L., 16, Elsie, 14, Lillie, 10, Walter A., 5, and Warren L., 3. Carrie was born in Virginia, Elsie in New Jersey, and the younger children in New York. Warren Senior worked as a janitor, presumably in the building in which the family lived as the sole African-Americans. [Had Caswell and Carrie met in the neighborhood? 47 West 66th, a location now occupied by ABC New headquarters, lies between Columbus Avenue and Central Park West. 166 West 67th seems to be in what is now the middle of the median of Broadway, a block west of Columbus.]
In the 1905 New York state census: at 200 East 99th Street, 68 year-old watchman<|fim_middle|> and Nancy Henderson, died 2/15/2000. And it's backed up by a SSDI entry for Effie M. Bridges, same birth and death dates, last address in Brooklyn 11233. What is going on here? Identity theft? If not, who in the world is buried next to Frank Stanfield???
Photo courtesy of www.findagrave.com.
No information that the deceased left a will.
March 16, 2016 Lisa Y. HendersonBronx, estate, Henderson, letters of administration 2 Comments
Little more than a month after his death, Caswell C. Henderson's widow Carrie applied for letters of administration for his estate.
Her petition noted that he had been a resident of 1884 Belmont Avenue, Bronx; had died in Yonkers; and had left no will.
She identified his next of kin and heirs at law as his brother Lucian Henderson of Dudley, North Carolina, and sister Sarah Henderson Jacobs of Wilson, North Carolina.
Bronx Probate Administration Records, #161-193; New York, Wills and Probate Records, 1659-1999 [database on-line], http://www.ancestry.com.
Births Deaths Marriages, Paternal Kin, Uncategorized
Cousin Nancy's descendants, found.
March 13, 2016 Lisa Y. HendersonHenderson, Smith 1 Comment
While I was away in Mauritius, I received a thrilling message in my Ancestry mailbox. "I am still recovering from the shock of finding info on Nancy Smith," it began. The amazement was mutual. "Wow," I responded. "God bless the Internet." The writer's partner is the son of Bessie Lee Smith, daughter of Nancy Henderson Smith of Goldsboro, North Carolina. She promises to provide what additional information she can about this branch of my Hendersons, whose descendants have long proved elusive. I'm looking forward to the collaboration. My grandmother spoke often of her Smith cousins; how I wish she could have lived long enough to learn what had become of them. | Warren Lowe, his 42 year-old wife Annie, daughter Carrie, 22, a waitress, and sons Walter, 12, and Warren J., 8.
As noted above, Carrie and Caswell married in 1907.
Interestingly, in the 1910 census of Manhattan, New York County, New York, Carrie L. Henderson, 28, married, is listed in the household of 75 year-old Warren Lowe, his wife Anna M., sons Walter A. and Warren Jr., and daughter Elsie Lightbourn, her husband Paul H. Lightbourn, and son Paul H. Lightbourn.
However, at 55 East 130th, telegraph company messenger Caswell C. Henderson, 44, and wife Carrie L., 26.
In the 1915 New York state census, at 446 West 163rd Street, apartment 21: chief messenger C.C. Henderson, 49, and his wife Carrie L., 32.
In the 1920 census of New York, New York County, New York: at 446 West 163rd Street, Caswell C. Henderson, 54, custom house messenger, with wife Carrie, 35. In another apartment in the building: steward Paul H. Lightbourne, 35, wife Elsie L., 33, and son Paul Jr., 13.
In the 1925 New York state census, at 308-10 West 147th, file clerk Caswell C. Henderson, 59, and wife Carrie L., 40.
Caswell Henderson died 17 January 1927 at 6 Belknap Avenue, 10th Ward, New York City NY. His death certificate lists his widow as Carrie Henderson, but curiously her sister's married name, "(Lightbourne)," is written beneath her name.
In the 1930 census of Manhattan, New York County, New York: at 121 [East?] 100th Street, widow Carrie Henderson paid $20 to board. She worked as a maid for a private family, and her age is listed as 28 — more than 15 years off.)
The 1933 city directory of Manhattan and Bronx carries a listing for Henderson Carrie (wid Carswell) 3778 3rd Ave [Bronx, Bronx County NY].
On 5 January 1934, Carrie L. Henderson married Fernando Borrero in Bronx, New York.
Almost exactly four years later, my grandmother Hattie Henderson Ricks sent Carrie a telegram notifying her of the death of Caswell's beloved sister, Sarah Henderson Jacobs Silver (who was my grandmother's great-aunt and adoptive mother):
Sunday Jan. 9. 38
My Dear Hattie
I received your telegram to-day. 1 P.M. it was certainly a shock to me you & family certainly have my deepest sympathy & also from my family.
I did not know your mother was sick you must write later and let me know about her illness.
It is so strange I have been dreaming of my husband Caswell so much for the past two weeks he always tells me that he has something to tell me & that he feels so well so I guess this is what I was going to hear about your mother.
I wish it was so that I could come to you & family but times are so different now seems we cannot be prepared to meet emergencies any more but you must know that my heart & love is with you & family
I am just writing to you a short note now will write you again. Let me hear from you when you get time to write.
From, Your aunt in law, Carrie L. Borrero
32 E. 100th St. N.Y. City
In the 1940 census of Manhattan, New York County, New York, 54 year-old Carrie Borrero is listed sharing a household with her 86 year-old mother Anna Lowe. Carrie was described as white and Anna as negro. Carrie is also described as married, though Fernando does not appear in the household (or, apparently, elsewhere in the 1940 census.)
On 28 May 1953, Carrie L. Borrero filed a claim to receive Social Security benefits. An index lists her birthdate as 26 November 1885.
I have no further information about Carrie Louise Lowe Henderson Borrero.
Births Deaths Marriages, Newspaper Articles, North Carolina, Paternal Kin
Opposes race suicide. (Har! Har!)
March 18, 2016 Lisa Y. HendersonArtis, children 2 Comments
The Wilmington Messenger, 3 January 1906.
The Statesville Record & Landmark, 9 January 1906.
The Raleigh Enterprise, 11 January 1906.
The Union Republic (Winston-Salem), 11 January 1906.
The Dispatch (Lexington), 17 January 1906.
The Alamance Gleaner, 18 January 1906.
The Salisbury Evening Post, 20 January 1906.
This exaggerated, casually racist account was published in no fewer than seven North Carolina newspapers in January 1906. (Adam Artis was my great-great-great-grandfather, and he actually had more like 25 children.)
Births Deaths Marriages, Uncategorized
1976? Or 2000?
March 17, 2016 Lisa Y. HendersonBridges, Smith, Stanfield Leave a comment
When Effie Mae Smith was born in Goldsboro on 6 October 1905 (or perhaps 1904), the state of North Carolina did not require birth certificates. Years later, however, she found she needed one, applied, and her so-called "delayed" certificate was filed with the Wayne County register of deeds.
On 16 November 1921, Effie May Smith married Frank W. Stanfield in Greensboro, North Carolina. Their marriage license clearly names her parents, Isham Smith and Nancy Henderson Smith Diggs.
Frank was a World War I veteran. He died in 1935 and is buried in a Cypress Hill National Cemetery in Brooklyn, New York. Beside his stone is one that reads: EFFIE M., HIS WIFE Oct 6 1904 Dec 27 1978. This certainly appears to be Effie Mae Smith Stanfield.
Further, the Social Security Death Index (SSDI) lists Effie M. Stanfield, Social Security number xxx-xx-8462, born 10/6/1905, died 12/27/1976, last address in Brooklyn, zip code.
There's this: a Social Security application — Effie Mae Bridges (applied in 1952 as Effie Mae Smith), xxx-xx-9518, born 10/6/1904 in Goldsboro, North Carolina, to Isaam Smith | 1,542 |
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Ingredients Spotlight: Benefits of Mushrooms for Dogs
by Synergy Labs on June 21, 2021
Does your dog get sick a lot? Do you have an aging dog with cancer? Do you want to make sure your new puppy stays healthy as he ages, so you can enjoy more time together?
If so, you'll want to know about the benefits of mushrooms for dogs. These natural immune system boosters can help ward off illnesses and even help your pup fight back against certain cancers.
Immunity in Dogs
Nothing will help your dog live a longer, healthier life than having a robust immune system.
A strong immune system helps your dog fight off infections, reduces allergic reactions, and maintains a stable inflammatory response, which can keep conditions like arthritis and inflammatory bowel syndrome at bay.
But to keep your dog's immune system healthy and powerful, you need to ensure he's getting all the vitamins, minerals and essential nutrients (like antioxidants) his body needs… from the time he's a puppy through his senior years.
Waiting to strengthen your dog's immune system until he's older, and already more susceptible to illnesses, can sometimes be too late.
Superfoods, like mushrooms, can help you deliver all the vitamins and nutrients your dog needs.
There are about 10 mushrooms that are edible for dogs and all are packed with vitamins, minerals, antioxidants and digestive enzymes. When combined, these superpower ingredients have anti-inflammatory, immune-boosting, and cancer-fighting properties that humans have been relying on for centuries.
Among the many conditions that mushrooms have been used to treat in people are diabetes, high blood pressure, arthritis, cancer, gastrointestinal illnesses and heart disease.
The benefits of mushrooms for dogs in terms of treating these same conditions is still being studied. But there is growing evidence, both scientific and anecdotal that mushrooms can help dogs lead longer, healthier lives.
For instance, a 2004 study found that D-fraction, the bioactive extract derived from the maitake mushroom, was "highly effective" at inhibiting and killing canine cancer cells.
Power Mushrooms for Dogs
In addition to maitake mushrooms, two other types have superpower properties for dogs.
Shiitake mushrooms are an excellent source of protein, minerals, amino acids, and digestive enzymes. But they also have a type of fiber called glucomannan, which, in humans, helps moderate blood sugar.
The benefits of shiitake mushrooms for dogs include the prevention and treatment of inflammatory diseases and a reduction in cholesterol and blood pressure.
But the health benefits don't stop there. Shiitake mushrooms also contain something called lentinan, a type of carbohydrate that in a 1970 study in Japan was used to regress tumors in six of 10 mice that were suffering from sarcoma.
A second power mushroom for dogs is the Turkey Tail. In a widely-reported 2012 study at the University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, the active bioagent (polysaccharopeptide) derived from Turkey Tail mushrooms provided the longest survival times ever reported for dogs with hemangiosarcoma.
In humans, Turkey Tail mushrooms have also been used to treat inflammatory digestive disorders and decrease the effects of chemotherapy and radiation.
Veterinary Formula Clinical Care & Mushrooms
At Veterinary Formula Clinical Care, we recognize the benefits of mushrooms for dogs and have packed our Immune Defense supplements with extracts from both Shiitake and Turkey Tail mushrooms.
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Tag: Ingredients
Veterinary Formula Clinical Care has become one of the world's most trusted pet care brands. We have developed, manufactured, and distributed our products globally for over two decades.
Our parent company, SynergyLabs, currently sells 12 brands in over 60 | 799 |
Glen Campbell – Ghost on the Canvas
by Nick Freed
on August 25, 2011, 7:58am
Back in the early '00s, there was a brief and odd resurgence for old country singers. It became the cool thing for legends to release new albums, consisting entirely of rock covers, to try and tap into a new, younger fan base. Johnny Cash, perhaps,<|fim_middle|> song also gives Campbell a chance to get his story out before it's gone. Now, would these songs be as strong without knowing of Campbell's fight with Alzheimer's? Yes. However, they are that much stronger with the knowledge that this is Campbell using all his talent, culminated from 50 years of being in the business, 45 million albums sold (12 gold, 4 platinum, 1 double platinum), and nearly 70 albums released, to create arguably the best album of his career.
Essential Tracks: "Nothing but the World", "Hold on Hope"
Album Review: Wale – The Eleven One Eleven Theory
Album Review: Active Child – You Are All I See | did it best by teaming with super producer Rick Rubin on the American Recordings collection. Pat Boone also joined in with a country covers album of heavy metal tunes. Glen Campbell did the same, much later, with the under-appreciated Meet Glen Campbell in 2008. The album consisted of covers from bands like Foo Fighters, Green Day, and Lou Reed. Unlike the grittiness of Cash's work and the kitsch factor of Boone, Campbell was comfortable in the pop songs and created lush-yet-country versions of the tracks. Now in 2011, Campbell is back with Ghost on the Canvas, a companion to the previous album, but this time all the songs are original.
Campbell's producer for Meet Glen Campbell, Julian Raymond, helped him produce Ghost on the Canvas and also helped him co-write a majority of songs, such as the simple opening track, "A Better Place", which is about as country as the album gets. Aside from Raymond, Campbell was able to corral an incredible team of songwriters: Paul Westerberg, Jakob Dylan, and Robert Pollard, among others. Westerberg wrote the titular track, which sounds almost like Yoshimi-era Flaming Lips in parts with its anthemic strings and powerful chorus. Dylan's contribution, "Nothing but the World", takes Campbell back closer to his country roots and allows him to tell us a little about his past and upbringing. It's beautiful, simple, and one of the better country songs I've heard in a long time.
Not only are great songwriters included on this album, but Campbell also drafted an excellent stable of musicians: Billy Corgan, Dick Dale, The Dandy Warhols, Josh Freese, Chris Isaak, Rick Nielsen, Brian Setzer, and Wendy Melvoin from The Revolution. Kind of beats Cash's inclusion of Fiona Apple and Tom Petty, doesn't it?
You don't have to be a fan of country music to enjoy this record. In the end, Campbell has a deft ear for pop music, and this album is a perfect example of that. Campbell was diagnosed with Alzheimer's in 2009, and he has decided that this will be his last album. This makes the songs, particularly Pollard's "Hold on Hope", even more touching and poignant. Dylan's | 475 |
I used to be one of those women in the gym who spent an exorbitant amount of time doing ab exercises. I would do just about every variation of crunches and sit-ups you could possibly imagine, but they weren't really getting me anywhere, and I never really felt a deep burn in my core. Over the past week, though, I've noticed a huge different in my midsection. My abs are sorer than ever before, and your jaw is going to drop on the floor when you hear what exercise I owe the burn to.
I've been working diligently on my pull-ups lately. My 2018 goal is to knock out a set of eight strict pull-ups, with no band or assistance. It's going to be a long road, but I'm ready for the challenge. Per Tony Horton's advice, I've been working on my pull-ups every single day for almost a week now — and my abs have been so sore.
Pull-ups are seen as an upper-body<|fim_middle|>-ups, and dumbbell thrusters, you'll feel your core fire up in no time. | exercise, and that's because they are for the most part. You're using a tremendous amount of upper back strength. But if you really think about it, pull-ups are a big compound exercise, meaning they hit multiple muscle groups at a time. Pull-ups target all of the following body parts: upper back muscles, posterior deltoids (back of the shoulders), forearms, biceps, and abdominals.
When I'm hanging from the bar, trying to pull myself up with all the strength I've got, my abs are contracting really hard, and they're working overtime to help me get the chin above that bar. It's no wonder my core has been on fire lately!
That's why several trainers I've spoken to in the past tell me that they don't prescribe ab routines to their clients. If you stick to compound strength training — that is, exercises that target multiple muscle groups at once, including your abs — you won't need to spend much time at all doing crunches and sit-ups. If you do movements like front squats, pull | 214 |
The Chancellor and President of the University serves<|fim_middle|> acts as the official medium of communication between the faculties and the Board and between the students and the Board. The Chancellor serves as representative of the Trustees and faculties of the University at the Annual Commencement and on other public occasions and confers upon the candidates the academic degrees which have been voted by the Trustees. (From the University Bylaws http://supolicies.syr.edu/ethics/bylaws.htm)
The Chancellor's Executive Team is composed of senior-level administrators, each a head of a major division of the University. Chaired by the Chancellor and President, the team is involved in budget and policy decisions. | as its chief executive, educational and administrative officer and the ex officio head of each of its faculties. The Chancellor is elected by the Board of Trustees to serve for such term as the Board prescribes and is responsible for implementing the policies of the Board.
The Chancellor is vested with the general powers and duties of supervision and management of the property and affairs of the University and has general charge of all the educational activities of the University as well as direction of and general responsibility for all matters of discipline and general order and welfare of the students. The Chancellor | 109 |
We are thrilled to welcome the following keynote speakers.
Harvard University, United States
Biological Evolution as a Form of Learning
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Edit My Info | Living organisms function according to protein circuits. Darwin's theory of evolution suggests that these circuits have evolved through variation guided by natural selection. However, it is currently unknown what variation mechanisms can give rise to protein circuits of the complexity found in biology, within realistic population sizes and realistic numbers of generations.
We suggest that computational learning theory offers the framework for investigating this question, of how circuits can come into being via a Darwinian process without a designer. We formulate evolution as a form of learning from examples. The targets of the learning process are the protein expression functions that come closest to best behavior in the specific environment. The learning process is constrained so that the feedback from the experiences is Darwinian. We formulate a notion of evolvability that distinguishes function classes that are evolvable with polynomially bounded resources from those that are not. The dilemma is that if the function class that describes the expression levels of proteins in terms of each other, is too restrictive, then it will not support biology, while if it is too expressive then no evolution algorithm will exist to navigate it. We shall review current work in this area.
Leslie Valiant was educated at King's College, Cambridge; Imperial College, London; and at Warwick University where he received his Ph.D. in computer science in 1974. He is currently T. Jefferson Coolidge Professor of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics in the School of Engineering and Applied Sciences at Harvard University, where he has taught since 1982. Before coming to Harvard he had taught at Carnegie Mellon University, Leeds University, and the University of Edinburgh.
His work has ranged over several areas of theoretical computer science, particularly complexity theory, learning, and parallel computation. He also has interests in computational neuroscience, evolution and artificial intelligence and is the author of two books, Circuits of the Mind, and Probably Approximately Correct.
He received the Nevanlinna Prize at the International Congress of Mathematicians in 1986, the Knuth Award in 1997, the European Association for Theoretical Computer Science EATCS Award in 2008, and the 2010 A. M. Turing Award. He is a Fellow of the Royal Society (London) and a member of the National Academy of Sciences (USA).
Kalyanmoy Deb
Michigan State University, United States
Evolutionary Computation's Niche for Solving Multi-Criterion Optimization Problems
Evolutionary computation (EC) involves a careful collaborative and iterative update of a population of solutions to reach near a desired target. In a single-objective optimization problem, the respective optimal solution is often the single target. In a multi-criterion optimization problem, the target is a set of Pareto-optimal solutions. Although EC field started with solving single-objective problems, EC researchers soon realized that they were ideal for finding a well-diversed set of multiple Pareto-optimal solutions simultaneously for multi-criterion optimization problems, a clear niche of EC compared to their point-based classical counterparts. In this keynote talk, we provide a brief chronology of events on the evolutionary multi-criterion optimization (EMO) field in the past almost three decades, key challenges it faced, and key events and publications which pushed the field forward. Moreover, we shall provide a brief account of the current activities and speaker's view of what lies ahead in this talk.
Kalyanmoy Deb is Koenig Endowed Chair Professor at Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering in Michigan State University. His research interests are in evolutionary optimization and their application in multi-criterion optimization, bilevel optimization, modeling, and machine learning. He was awarded IEEE CIS EC Pioneer award, Infosys Prize, TWAS Prize in Engineering Sciences, CajAstur Mamdani Prize, Distinguished Alumni Award from IIT Kharagpur, Edgeworth-Pareto award, Bhatnagar Prize in Engineering Sciences, and Bessel Research award from Germany. He is fellow of IEEE and ASME. He has published over 520 research papers with Google Scholar citation of over 137,000 with h-index 115. More information can be found from http://www.coin-lab.org.
Darrell Whitley
Colorado State University, United States
Removing Randomness from Evolutionary Algorithms
It is natural to think of Evolutionary Algorithms as highly stochastic search methods. This can also make Evolutionary Algorithms, and particularly recombination, quite difficult to analyze. One way to reduce randomness involves the quadratization of functions, which is commonly used by modern optimization methods, and also has applications in quantum computing. After a function is made quadratic, random mutation is obsolete and unnecessary; the location of improving moves can be calculated deterministically, on average in O(1) time. Seemingly impossible problems, such as the Needle-in-a-Haystack, becomes trivial to solve in quadratic form. One can also provably tunnel, or jump, between local optima and quasilocal optima in O(n) time using deterministic genetic recombination. The talk also explores how removing randomness from Evolutionary Algorithms might provide new insights into natural evolution. Finally, a form of evolutionary algorithm is proposed where premature convergence is impossible and the evolutionary potential of the population remains open-ended.
Darrell Whitley is a Professor of Computer Science at Colorado State University. He served as the Chair of the International Society of Genetic Algorithm from 1993 to 1997, and as the Editor-in-Chief of the journal Evolutionary Computation from 1997 to 2003. He was Chair of the Governing Board of ACM SIGEVO from 2007 to 2011. He was named an ACM Fellow in 2019 for his contributions to the field of genetic and evolutionary computation.
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| 1,517 |
What I feel like this first half has shown me: When we're under pressure, what is an offense?
The opponent suckage vuju returned again as LMU only shooted 1/10 for most of the half, but then we had a really horrible turnover streak happen (it was like 3-4 consecutive in like one minute) and now LMU has a 6 point lead.
On a side note, we saw Hallinan in for the first time in ages.
Pilots look like they have never played this game before.
This season is going the Oregon State route somewhat.
Well, they handled the pressure better in the second half, and got it down to a one possession game, but crucial shots just not falling in. There was that play after cutting it to one possession where they left a LMU guy wide open for an easy 3<|fim_middle|> picture of "X" catching the winning touchdown pass to beat Jesuit is on his mother's desk at work). | that had me like WTF.
I guess it's because we don't see him play that much, but I really enjoyed watching Hallinan. I feel he had this determined face like he was excited to play and was in it to win it regardless of the score or the losing streak. I thought he had some good small plays as well.
- Jazz made it to double figures after going scoreless the 1st half; keeps his streak alive.
- Caused 21 LMU turnovers, but offset it with 30 (!) of their own. 30 TOs has to be some kind of record.
- 24 of 27 on FTs, although I recall Jazz missed the front end of a 1 and 1, so that's like another miss.
- Shot a better percentage than LMU, 43% to 38%, but LMU got off 21 more shots. Doug Christie advised it was better to chuck up a bad shot than turn it over. But it seemed most of the TOs were before they crossed half court.
- Any team that doesn't pressure the ball all game against us is a sign the coaches are not doing their job. It's how BYU pulled out a game they could have lost, and how LMU turned around a game they were going nowhere in when they were down 12 to 4 at 9-1/2 minutes in. They went steal - dunk, steal - 3Pt, steal - dunk, steal - layup. They got a 5th TO in a row, but they turned it over themselves, and then the Pilots actually got a shot off. 19 steals by LMU.
- Andre's line, no shots, 2 missed FTs, 2 assists and 4 turnovers. That got Xavier some playing time with a game on the line. Hope the coaches can instill some confidence in Andre, 'cause we really need a PG.
- Rashad continues to play very well, except when he has to handle the ball.
- Gabe had 12 RBs and Phil had 6. They outrebounded the Lions 35-26. Probably a result of so many more shots by the Lions.
- Phil got a good dunk, but only took one other shot. At least twice he got the ball in close and looked for a pass without ever looking to go back up.
- only 31% from 3Pt, 4 of 13, but some of those were desperation shots at the end. They had two good looks late that could have really put the pressure on LMU, but they rattled out, and the LMU guy got a wide open shot he buried to pretty much seal it. I couldn't see what happened to get so open, but D'Marques was trying to get there and was too late.
This game could have been such a mauling it might have been called the Christians vs. the Lions....but the Pilots avoided being completely devoured by the Lions when Xavier came to the rescue.
As a walk-on it has been Xavier's job to make Alec and Jazz better while making only the occasional cameo appearance when a game's outcome is already decided. But just like the Pilots over the past few weeks, he has never given up or hung his head in disappointment, and today's performance showed he's developed quite a bit of leadership in his two years on the Bluff.
He did not play without mistakes, but when he was in the game it was as if the "old veteran" had come in to calm the young guys so the team could stop the bleeding and make a comeback. And having "X" in the game took a whole lot of pressure off of Jazz and made it possible for him to finally get some decent shots without having to fight off constant double-teams and traps.
Xavier's scoring drives late in the game brought the Pilots within a shot of two of pulling out the victory, but maybe just as importantly, it rewarded Xavier for his hard work while giving him some confidence moving forward....and just maybe it will also give Coach Porter some confidence that he's got another point guard to call upon. The life of a non-scholarship player is often a tough one, but "X" showed us today that hard work and perseverance can have its rewards.
In those 29 possessions: 15 turnovers, 10 FG attempts (3-10), 6 trips to the foul line (8-10).
After Barreno made a layup at 11:11, our next six consecutive possessions ended in turnovers.
Coach Cantu was entertaining as always in the post-game interview. Said that it's been apparent for a while in practice now that the team's best ball handler is a walk-on. Xavier had two huge buckets in that late run and I'm curious to see if he gets more playing time in the final few games of the year here.
If the Pilots can figure out their ball-handling issues under pressure and keep up the defensive disruption they've showed the last 3 times out, they're going to give themselves a shot in at least a couple of these next four games before Vegas.
Cantu had another comment I found interesting in the interview, but I'll go post that in the 2017 recruiting thread.
I received an email asking me to tell the sender a little more about Xavier Hallinan's basketball background....and as I really don't know that much, I simply referred them to my post on May 26 2015. (I believe the | 1,157 |
FARMINGDALE - American Nick Watney triumphed in The Barclays tournament on Sunday, closing with a two-under 69 to capture the opening event in the FedEx Cup playoffs.
Watney, who began the final round two shots back, finished at 10-under 274 to claim the title by three strokes at the Bethpage course, as overnight leader Sergio Garcia faded with a four-over par 75 into a tie for third. "I've been working hard," said Watney. "I'm very pleased how I drove the ball down the stretch. Any time you win it's great for your confidence. I'm so thrilled and very proud of this week."
The win moves Watney into first place in the PGA Tour's playoff points race with three more FedEx Cup events to play. Like Watney, Brandt Snedeker is trying to land a spot on the US Ryder Cup team. He shot a one-under 70 and took second at seven-under par.
Third-round leader Garcia, aiming for back-to-back tournament wins, shared third with defending champ Dustin Johnson, who fired a three-under 68 to reach a six-under 278 total. Garcia was three over par<|fim_middle|>," Watney said. Beating one of the most difficult fields of the year on a demanding course puts Watney in contention to be one of four captain's picks for the American team that will compete in the Ryder Cup September 28-30 in Chicago. Davis Love III will announce his choices after next week's playoff tournament.
"The Ryder Cup is out of my control," said Watney. "All I can do is try and get ready to play next week and see where the chips fall. I'm thinking about it much more now. Someone told me Davis wanted a hot player." | on the back nine Sunday. Tiger Woods had a day he would like to forget. Woods, who lost his PGA Tour playoffs points race lead, posted a five-over 76 and finished in a tie for 38th, stumbling down the stretch to shoot 40 on the back nine.
A 10-foot birdie putt on the 14th had allowed Watney to take the wind out of the sails of his challengers. He dropped a stroke with a bogey on 16 and then made par on 17, but Garcia shot a bogey on 18, allowing Watney to close out a comfortable victory at the 18th.
"I made more putts than I made all year | 150 |
Escape into beauty in San Francisco this week<|fim_middle|> burger with Taleggio cheese. The selections are meant to pair with an imaginative spirits program that features a lot of Chartreuse.
Tamara Palmer is a daily news writer, rapper confidante, DJ, and celebrity chef ghostwriter from San Francisco. | as Butterflies and Blooms returns to the Conservatory of Flowers after a three-year break. There's an alternative form of escape on Friday, as the Dirtybird Players house DJs play their quarterly night at Mezzanine. If you'd rather indulge your epicurean side, there's a chocolate salon at Hotel Kabuki, and a new restaurant has opened in a historic building on Larkin Street. Finally, head up to Napa and get your skates on: The holiday ice rink is now open.
AFAR Local is our weekly insider guide to the best of what's happening in cities around the U.S.
If you're looking for a friendly place to dance all night and blow off some steam in the midst of positive vibes, head to Mezzanine to roost with the Dirtybird Players, a house music label that has brought the San Francisco feeling to the world. DJs and producers from Dirtybird convene on this dance-floor quarterly to virtually raise the roof. This time, J. Phlip, Christian Martin, Worthy, and Ardalan will be joined by a secret guest.
The seasonal Chocolate Salons are always a smart place to shop for gifts while sipping wine and sampling treats from a wide array of independent chocolate and confection companies. This weekend's edition will feature more than 30 vendors for delicious and efficient holiday finds, including coconut milk chocolate from Endorfin, fair trade bars from Alter Eco, and vegan dark chocolate by Firefly. Two new features have also arrived: a screening of the film Semisweet: Life in Chocolate and the opportunity to experience chocolate in virtual reality.
This is a good weekend to skate up to Napa and get to gliding at the opening of the annual holiday ice rink, Napa On Ice. It'll be up and running through the first week of January and is also available for private party rentals for a unique Wine Country weekend. Admission includes free skates rental if you don't have your own pair of Harlicks or Riedells. Holiday ice rinks are also launching on this day in San Rafael and San Mateo.
The Saratoga is a new restaurant from the Bacchus Management Group, the company behind popular Bay Area eateries like Spruce in San Francisco and Mayfield Bakery & Cafe in Palo Alto. It feels like it has always been here because, well, the building has been a city fixture for 109 years. The two-level property includes a reservations-only dining area and an upstairs walk-in bar. Bacchus's executive chef Mark Sullivan has created a menu of light snacks and substantial plates, including New Caledonian blue prawns baked in rock salt, a Cubano frank, and a signature | 551 |
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Home » College of Arts &<|fim_middle|> Busch Receive $390,000 Grant from Merck
Drake student awarded Morris K. Udall and Stewart L. Udall Foundation Undergraduate Scholarship | Sciences » Departments & Programs » Study of Culture & Society » Student Resources » Organizations
Study of Culture & Society
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Lambda Alpha
Lambda Alpha is the national collegiate honors society for anthropology. The local chapter is open to all students at Drake University. An invitation for membership is extended to students meeting all of the following requirements.
Completion of 12 hours of anthropology courses
Anthropology G.P.A. of 3.0
Cumulative G.P.A. of 3.0
Membership in Lambda Alpha not only marks excellence in the study of anthropology, but it also encourages professional development. Indeed, students who participate in Lambda Alpha have an opportunity to meet others with similar goals and interests, are encouraged to publish their original research in the Lambda Alpha Journal, and are eligible for national scholarships awarded by the honors society to promising students.
Upon acceptance of membership, students pay a lifetime membership fee of $25. Subscriptions to the Lambda Alpha Journal may be purchased for $10. Personal checks should be made payable to Drake University and turned in to the anthropology office along with the completed Lambda Application form.
If you have questions concerning membership, contact Professor Janet Wirth-Cauchon, Department Awards Committee.
Critical/Cultural Theory Reading Group
The Critical/Cultural Theory Reading Group is a combination of faculty and students who are interested in more complex and challenging readings.
Faculty from the rhetoric program are the primary faculty, but professors from philosophy, political science, sociology, psychology, fine arts, and the honors program have all participated as well. This program is designed around reading interesting and challenging subjects from both outside and inside rhetoric and communication studies scholarship.
Alpha Kappa Delta
Alpha Kappa Delta (AKD) is a national honorary society in sociology. Membership in the local chapter of AKD, the Iowa Beta Chapter, is available to students at Drake. Students need not be sociology majors to join this organization but must be classified as juniors or seniors to apply.
Students meeting the following additional requirements are invited to join:
Completion of 15 hours of sociology courses (by end of fall semester)
Sociology G.P.A. of at least 3.0
Overall G.P.A. of at least 3.0 and rank in the top 35% of class
AKD membership recognizes overall academic accomplishment and, particularly, performance in sociology courses. This can be the beginning of a professional commitment to sociology on the part of the student or simply and interest in the field and a commitment to academic accomplishment.
Additionally, members will receive certification of their membership in an honor society (a positive factor when assembling resumes or applying for graduate study) and a one-year subscription to the national society's journal, Sociological Inquiry. Membership applications will be distributed in February through the department.
A $40 membership fee, which covers the cost of their certification and the subscription to the national journal, is required. Personal checks for membership should be made payable to Drake University and delivered with a completed AKD Application form to Sofia Turnbull, 323 Howard Hall. Initiation to AKD will be announced at the College of Arts and Sciences Honors Convocation in the Spring.
If you have any questions concerning membership contact Professor Janet Wirth-Cauchon, Department Awards Committee.
Professors Gentry and | 692 |
Los Angeles Pianist: Amazing and Available For Cool People!
A post Wedding reception at a most beautiful Pasadena area<|fim_middle|> enjoying some of the food from one of the many choices in the area.
And then…I've have the priviledge of working with some of the finest singers and songwriters in the area.
I do a lot of demos and tracks for amazing singers.
And several student of Recording, piano, voice..music-ART!
And I'm writing up a storm these days.
And upcoming week…I'm looking forward to ringing in Summer with a Thursday Day July 4th celebration at a local industry spot and a backyard July 4th bash in Camirillo! This with a rollicking quartet!
All in addition to my regular haunts.
Summer is here and music can only make it better.
Come track me down and hang out and request your favorite!
Here's to it being super beautiful! | . Absolutely divinely artistic.
Then I've played solo piano music for the Parkway Grill…In case you don't know the fabulous Parkway Grill…It's won so many awards…It's considered one of the top 40 restaurants in the Los Angeles area.
I've also been playing my usual duties at The Hilton Universal on Tues Weds and Thurs 7-10 (I been here for going on 2 years now). This Hilton is a 4 Diamond AAA Hotel! I play all kinds of music new and old usually in the Lobby Bar!
And then one of my surprisingly favorite gigs has been at the Redlands famous Citrus Plaza where I've been a regular performer for the past 4 years. I love playing in front of the fountian with all the families hanging out drinking Starbucks or | 164 |
"How we spend our days is, of course, how we spend our lives." I once called this statement by Annie Dillard to mind daily. However, this mantra has soured as I've grown older, as I now cannot help but feel the tug of productivity, the dissection of time into manageable segments, latent in its profundity. When I first heard it some years ago, its self-evident logic felt like truth: of course, time unfolds moment by moment and the sum of those moments constitutes our lives. Now, I resist its simple arithmetic: the idea that a whole is merely the sum of its parts, that a whole exists at all. What about the unmeasurable movement between hours and days, how other people spend our own lives, or how parts accumulate and exceed the shapes we've established?
Last summer, I set out to find a new mantra of dailyness. Of parts and wholes and the spaces between them. Most of our lives are measured by the hour: the wage-hour of making a living that prevents us from living a making. I wanted to investigate this measured labor in poetic form, but to do so I needed a residency—time paid for off the clock. Thus, I spent the month of July 2017 in residency at the Vermont Studio Center, where I made a chore of the thing that once released me from the mundane repetition of living.
My project "Diurne" progressed according to the following procedure: For the entire month of my residency, I wrote a line / segment / sentence every hour that I was awake. The first thing I did each morning was grab my notebook and write something. Sometimes it was a half-coiled dream that unraveled as I wrote. More often it was simply about the sensation of waking up. The only rule I maintained was that every hour I had to write…something. The results, you can imagine, were mixed. Sometimes, with nothing to say, I recorded the words of others: a book I was reading or people I overheard. Sometimes I<|fim_middle|> kept it pinned to the ordinary. In short, it became about the labor of art and the art of labor. As part autobiography, part journalism, part theory, part apology for not being poetry, "Diurne" accounts for how I spent my days while resisting any arithmetic that might try to make of it some greater whole or meaning.
After I completed the project, I luxuriated in not writing every day. At least not every hour. The sensation was similar to when, as a child, my sister would pin my arms to my sides as I strained to raise them. Once released, my arms would float upward as if by magic. The buoyancy of my own coiled energy had gained a life of its own beyond my will. The sensation spent me, rather than me it. This feels like the truer gesture of making. | simply commented upon the previous day's record, remediating it rather than feigning inspiration.
As the days accumulated, I established a new routine: every morning, after writing my first line, I would read back through the previous day's record, transferring lines from notebook to computer, revising and cutting here and there but never rearranging the hours they registered. This work was a tender balance of wanting to preserve the record of making while also recognizing that the language I had at my disposal after three drinks at 11pm was radically different than my usual range. These "poems" hung together as units because of their production, rather than any particular theme or affinity. They charted my mind and how it interacted with information throughout the day, even at its most uninspired and lackluster moments.
I am told no one wants to read a poem that keeps reminding them it is a poem. You should take a nap instead.
When I say immediate I mean the substance at hand: sky, river, human, car, finch. See also: ddt, solo cup, exhaust.
When I am unmade: teeth radiating their signature after history. Postpartum of the world finally giving up its human.
I am afraid there is not enough personal information in this poem. My credit card # is 4060-5678-6500-8040, exp: 12/21 ccv: 866. I get points for every $.
Writing "Diurne" helped me debunk the myth of lyric immediacy I often confronted in poetry by making the writing process durational rather than inspirational, work rather than epiphany. It was a project weighed down by mediation, that often had to muse upon its own making as a way to pass the time, that could not erase the traces of labor that | 385 |
Spelling Love with an X
A Mother, A Son, and the Gene that Binds Them
Author: Clare Dunsford
A memoir of raising a child with a genetic disorder
When her son, J.P., was first diagnosed with fragile X syndrome, the most common inherited form of mental retardation, Clare Dunsford discovered that she and three of her four siblings carried the fragile X premutation<|fim_middle|>imming with warmth, Spelling Love with an X shares the disarming insights of a compassionate scholar on motherhood, disability, and genetic inheritance.
"Through vivid descriptions of her relationship with J.P., readers can glimpse the parental highs and lows of life with a child who has developmental delays." —Lisa M. Jordan, Library Journal
"Clare Dunsford navigates the X that has mapped her own and her son's paths with humor, honesty, and clear-sighted intelligence-and in prose that sings." —Elizabeth Graver, author of The Honey Thief and Awake
"Dunsford does much more than inform us concerning a disorder we know too little about. Through a prose both lucid and beautiful, she is able to communicate the strangeness, even the poetry, of fragile X." —Clara Claiborne Park, author of The Siege and Exiting Nirvana
"Spelling Love with an X is one woman's beautifully written journey toward understanding herself, her son, and the twists of fate and DNA that bind them and all of us. Clare Dunsford's powerful and moving memoir is rich with humor, poetry and, most of all, love." —Mitchell Zuckoff, author of Choosing Naia: A Family's Journey
"Dunsford uses poetry and candor to document a condition the world knows little about by inviting the reader into snapshots of the disability that has been woven throughout the fabric of her life-from coming to terms with her role as a carrier to the poetic retelling of the roller coaster that is life with her son." —Boston Globe
For more information on Spelling Love with an X and Fragile X syndrome, visit http://www.spellinglovewithanx.com.
American Society > Child and Family Issues > General
Biography and Memoir > Autobiography and Memoir
Disability > Disability
Literature and the Arts > Memoirs
Science and Medicine > Science | and had therefore passed on the full mutation to J.P. and several of his cousins. An English professor by training, Dunsford draws on poetry to explore her new identity as a "mutant" and reflect on her life with J.P., a colorful young man with great verbal dexterity and a lovable cheeky streak. Br | 68 |
Cal<|fim_middle|>. | usa campers canoe in San Carlos Bay with counselor Mike.
Years ago, our islands were home to a fierce and storied tribe of warriors – the Calusa. They were an ocean people, scavenging and living off the water. Last week at Sanibel Sea School, we stepped back in time to join them.
Mask-making at Sanibel Sea School.
Campers explored the island from a new perspective, imagining they were Calusa warriors as they canoed along the mangroves and seined for fish and other sea creatures. We made bold masks and painted them with ancient ocean symbols, and we used palm material to weave our own rope, plates, and nets!
Campers get creative with palm materials during the annual Calusa Week Totem Competition.
On Thursday, we held our traditional Calusa Week Totem Competition. Each camp tribe created four totems using natural items collected throughout the week to please the gods of fishing, clothing, cooking, and shelter. To bring the week to a close, we competed in our surf paddling race and played Capture the Fish. Calusa week is always a favorite, and this year's was definitely one to remember | 235 |
Three tortoises, Joe, Steve, and Raymond, go on a picnic. The trouble is, the picnic site is 10 miles away, so the tortoises take 10 whole days to get there.
When they arrive, Joe takes out the sodas and says, 'Alright, Raymond, gimme the bottle opener.' But Raymond doesn't have it, so the tortoises convince him to go back for it, swearing they won't touch the food.
Twenty days pass. Joe and Steve are hungry and puzzled. After three more days pass without Raymond in sight, Steve starts getting restless. 'I NEED FOOD!' he says. 'NO!' Joe retorts. 'We promised.' Five more days pass. Joe realizes that Raymond probably skipped out, so the two tortoises weakly get a sandwich, and open their mouths to eat.
Right at that instant, Raymond pops out from behind a rock, and says, 'I knew it! I'm not going!
Those of you who have been following the Church Within Sunday Services for a number of years may remember a few past Services where I drew a "Rune" at the beginning and then followed with the Quotes and the Sermon. It's been a Long time since I have done that, so I decided it might be interesting to start This Week's Service that way and see where it takes us.
Blank is the end, blank the beginning. This is the Rune of total trust and should be taken as exciting evidence of your most immediate contact with your own true destiny which, time and again, rises like the phoenix from the ashes of what we call fate.
The Blank Rune can portend a death. But that death is usually symbolic, and may relate to any part of your life as you are living it now. Relinquishing control is the ultimate challenge for the Spiritual Warrior.
Drawing the Blank Rune brings to the surface your deepest fears: Will I fail? Will I be abandoned? Will it all be taken away? And yet your highest good, your truest possibilities and all your fertile dreams are held within that blankness.
Willingness and permitting are what this Rune requires, for how can you exercise control over what is not yet in form? The Blank Rune often calls for no less an act of courage than the empty-handed leap into the void. Drawing it is a direct test of Faith.
The Blank Rune represents the path of Karma---the sum total of your actions and of their consequences. At the same time, this Rune teaches that the very debts of old Karma shift and evolve as you shift and evolve. Nothing is predestined: The obstacles of your past can become the gateways that lead to new beginnings.
Whenever you draw the Blank Rune, take heart: Know that the work of self-change is progressing in your life.
Times of transition are very often those times of starting over. Time when your adjustment is so great that it requires a complete rethinking or new understanding of your situation and perhaps a renewed commitment to living the righteous life that the Father desires. You have, within your hearts, a direct connection to the Master's spirit, also known as the comforter, but human beings have trouble with their overwhelming emotions and it is hard to quiet the mind and the soul to receive this comfort. This is understood. But you must all know that when you are ready, when you can open your hearts to this comfort like a little child opens its arms to a parent, that that comfort will flood into your soul and renew your confidence, renew your spirit.
Willing \Will"ing\, a. 1. Free to do or to grant; having the mind inclined; not opposed in mind; not choosing to refuse; disposed; not averse; desirous; consenting; complying; ready.
Willingness \Will"ing*ness\, n. The quality or state of being willing; free choice or consent of the will; freedom from reluctance; readiness of the mind to do or forbear.
and for All of His Children?
If you Truly have Faith in an All Loving God, then you'd pretty much Have to be willing to believe that, Wouldn't You? Do you?
How much time do we spend trying to change God's mind about things when rather we should be trying to change our Own minds about things?
Your Will be Done! That pretty much covers All the Bases, Doesn't it?
The best way to get even, is to forget.
Pray then like this: Our Father who art in heaven, Hallowed be thy name. Thy kingdom come. Thy will be done, On earth as it is in heaven.
The consciousness of sonship with God should quicken the entire life service of every man, woman, and child who has become the possessor of such a mighty stimulus to all the inherent powers of a human personality.
For whosoever will save his life shall lose it; but whosoever shall lose his life for my sake and the gospel's, the same shall save it. For what shall it profit a man, if he shall gain the whole world, and lose his own soul? Or what shall a man give in exchange for his soul?
I've read about many, and heard a Lot of, different definitions/doctrines/interpretations/understandings of what Really Is "The Gospel of the Kingdom." They all, at one time or another in my life, have helped me through, or helped me along to the next phase in my life's journey.
In a "perfect" scenario, what would "living like God's Child" be like to you? What would You act like if in every single moment you Knew for a Certainty that You were God's Own Child? Would you act any differently? Would you act the Same? Some different, some same?
KNOW, in every single moment, and for a Certainty, that You ARE God's Own Child!
be just as patient with me as You always Have been, OK? Thanks God! I Really Love You, ya Know?!!
the harder you try to remember, the further it slips away?
"But take heed to yourselves lest your hearts be weighed down with dissipation and drunkenness and cares of this life, and that day come upon you suddenly like a snare; for it will come upon all who dwell upon the face of the whole earth. But watch at all times, praying that you may have strength to escape all these things that will take place, and to stand before the Son of man."
"The lamp of the body is the eye. If therefore your eye is good, your whole body will be full of light. "But if your eye is bad, your whole body will be full of darkness. If therefore the light that is in you is darkness, how great is that darkness!
To try again, to open yourself to the possibility of a further attempt to express yourself in ways which have previously not met with success, is great soul growth in this life!
When is the best time for Justice?
When is the best time for Forgiveness?
When is the best time for Discernment?
When is the best time for Compassion?
When is the best time for Understanding?
When is the best time for Brotherhood?
When is the best time for Stillness?
When is the best time for Tranquility?
When is the best time for Peace?
When is the best time for Support?
When is the best time for Generosity?
When is the best time for Service?
When is the best time for Transformation?
When is the best time for Change?
When is the best time for Growth?
When is the best time for Intuition?
When is the best time for Knowledge?
When is the best time for Comprehension?
When is the best time for Truth?
When is the best time for Beauty?
When is the best time for Goodness?
When is the best time for Faith?
When is the best time for Hope?
When is the best time for Love?
When is the best time for Prayer?
When is the best time for Worship?
When is the Best Time for Bringing God More Personally Into Every Moment of My Life?
Now I remember the Answer!
All I want, is to be the Best Expression of You that I Can be. Should I be waiting for You to make the necessary adjustments in my life, or is it that You have been waiting for Me to make them?
"Dave, that wasn't very nice of you," she says. "Remember that night we broke down in the pouring rain on the way to pick the kids up from the babysitter, and you had to knock on that man's house to get us started again? What would have happened if he'd told us to get lost?"
He opens the door, and not being able to see the stranger anywhere, he shouts, "Hey, do you still want a push?"
So, still being unable to see the stranger, he shouts, "Where are you?"
My Friend/Brother Rick and I write and produce music together on Thursday evenings over at his place (we are in the process of putting a new CD together). It has been our custom over the past few years to "flip a card" when taking breaks to the restroom (ie: there is a little wooden cradle there with over a hundred different Spiritual word/concept cards in it which we flip.) More often than not, there is<|fim_middle|> No Intention of going in the first place. Reaction leads to reaction to reaction to reaction and so on. They can get rather difficult to resolve, can't they? It takes a Conscious Act of Deliberate Goodness to defuse such a situation. It probably would have been better with a Conscious Act of Deliberate Goodness in the First place, don't ya think?
Do Good On purpose and For a Purpose.
Do it for Yourself; Do it for Others; Do it for God.
Help me to Act as You would have me act. | an underlying "message" that the flipped word cards reveal as the evening progresses. This last Thursday, the words that came up hit me as rather Significant, so I am sharing them here.
So, every sound tree bears good fruit, but the bad tree bears evil fruit. A sound tree cannot bear evil fruit, nor can a bad tree bear good fruit. Every tree that does not bear good fruit is cut down and thrown into the fire. Thus you will know them by their fruits.
Your best approach is to be the initiator, the promoter, of goodness and beauty and truth.
Salvation is the free gift of God, but those who are born of the spirit will immediately begin to show forth the fruits of the spirit in loving service to their fellow creatures. And the fruits of the divine spirit which are yielded in the lives of spirit-born and God-knowing mortals are: loving service, unselfish devotion, courageous loyalty, sincere fairness, enlightened honesty, undying hope, confiding trust, merciful ministry, unfailing goodness, forgiving tolerance, and enduring peace.
and Always out of Love. The common person Loved Jesus for his Goodness.
reacting without even thinking about it. The reaction is practically unconscious and typically negative. Don't ya Hate that? It's So Easy for those situations to get out of control, to get caught up in them, and to go places that you had | 283 |
Jack Osbourne gets parenting advice from his family
November 1, 2016 by Elvis Michael Leave a Comment
The star says he's still learning from the best
Jack Osbourne confessed he relies on his family for parental advice and is still learning best ways to raise his two children, Pearl and Andy.
The television personality – who<|fim_middle|>'s contextualizing why you're doing it after the fact – after the tears have gone away, it's then explaining, 'Hey listen, that happened because of this.'"
Jack also acknowledged how easy it is to go about your day when you are not a parent, adding: "There's an ignorant freedom without being a parent. You don't realise how you can do things at ease, and you can just jump on a plane and you can just get in your car and go.
There's certain things that you don't [understand how easy they are] until [they're gone]. But I wouldn't trade it for the world … I think I'm a pretty realistic parent. I like to try and ride the line of being fun, but yet mean when I say, 'This is how it's gonna be.'" | shares his kids with wife Lisa Stelly – credits his parents for a great upbringing and now looks up to them while raising his own children.
He told People magazine: "Both my parents were really big about the way they communicated to us. My mom would always talk to us like we're humans – same with my dad.
It was never that, like, 'We're your parents and we're just this dominant figure in your life.' It [was] always a conversation, which I think is really important to be able to have – communicating with a kid on their level versus trying to talk down to a kid.
There are times when you do have to come in and discipline and drop the hammer a little bit, but I think it | 148 |
The Knights of Columbus is a service organization that supports our local Catholic community. They perform manual labor when needed, offer St. Andrew School and Newman High School scholarships, donate needed funds to Self Help and Gianna's House Pregnancy Resource Center,<|fim_middle|>, IL. | sponsor a February Father/Daughter Dance, etc. Fundraising projects include Sunday breakfasts and the annual September Tootsie Roll drive.
All men are welcome! Meetings are held on first Thursdays at 7:00 pm in the parish school. Call Grand Knight Dan Murray 815-520-2914 for more information.
Click here for more information on the Knights of Columbus.
The Knights of Columbus Council #11874 would like to thank the parishioners and residents of Rock Falls, and business owners for their generous support of the Knight's Tootsie Roll Drive Campaign for people with intellectual disabilities. Donations to this program are used to support programs geared to improve the quality of life for individuals with disabilities. The Knights of Columbus donate 100% of the donations to Self-Help Enterprises in Sterling | 175 |
Best ValueDocumentation of EvaluationSource Selection Decision
Agency: Department of Veterans Affairs
Decided: September 14, 2021
Keywords: Best-Value Tradeoff Basis, Documentation of Evaluation; Source Selection Decision
General Counsel, P.C. Protest Insight
This protest is notable because it showcases that, although the GAO is highly deferential to Agency evaluations, the GAO does find unreasonable evaluations. Here, GAO found the VA's evaluations unreasonable, in part because competitors were not treated fairly and equally, which resulted in inconsistent evaluations. Additionally, GAO found the evaluations were not sufficiently documented to allow for an understanding of the bases for their findings. If you were involved in a bid and feel the agency similarly failed to evaluate competitors equally or document its findings, you may have similar grounds for a protest.
Marquis Solutions, LLC ("Marquis") protests the award of a contract to FG Management Group, LLC ("FG") under RFQ No. 36C24220Q0977, issued by the Department of Veterans Affairs ("VA" or "agency") for medical courier services in the New York metropolitan area.
The RFQ contemplated the award on a best-value tradeoff basis, of a fixed-price indefinite-delivery, indefinite-quantity contract for a base year and four 1-year options. Firms were advised that the agency would evaluate quotations considering the price and two non-price factors: (1) technical capability, and (2) management, certification, and training. The technical capability factor included two subfactors, performance capability and technical experience.
The VA received a total of five quotations and forwarded redacted versions of the quotations to an evaluation team that reviewed them for consideration under the performance capability subfactor. After reviewing the redacted quotations, the VA assigned an overall rating of outstanding to FG's quotation, a rating of acceptable to the quotation submitted by Company A, and a rating of unacceptable to Marquis' quotation.<|fim_middle|> features identified by the agency as favorable features in the FG quotation.
GAO noted that when reviewing protests of an agency's evaluation and source selection decision, it "will not reevaluate proposals or quotations;" but, instead, "review the record to determine whether the evaluation and source selection decision are reasonable and consistent with the solicitation's evaluation criteria, and applicable procurement laws and regulations." GAO also stated that "an agency's evaluation of proposals or quotations, and the source selection decision, should be documented in sufficient detail" to allow GAO to review the merits of a protest.
GAO explained that, here, the RFQ "did not include particularly detailed instructions or information relating to how firms were to prepare the technical capability portion of their quotations." Additionally, when noting their concerns with Marquis' quotation, the evaluators made vague and conclusory findings and "failed to explain in any meaningful way the underlying rationale for their findings." GAO specifically noted that "the evaluators did not explain, or even provide examples of, what particular details were lacking from the Marquis quotation."
GAO also found that the evaluators failed to criticize the FG quotation for deficiencies similar to those noted in Marquis' quotation, and the VA assigned significant strengths and strengths to the FG Management quotation for features that were also offered by Marquis in its quotation, without an explanation for these disparate conclusions.
GAO concluded that "the record here does not support a conclusion that the agency performed a meaningful evaluation of the Marquis quotation. Further, the agency has not explained the apparent inconsistencies in its evaluation of the two quotations." GAO stated that when an agency "elects to perform an evaluation that assesses the comparative merits of competing quotations, it still is required to treat the competitors fairly and equally, and to sufficiently document its evaluation conclusions."
GAO held that the VA's evaluation quotations were unreasonable and the conclusions relating to the Marquis quotation reflect a fundamental failure to meaningfully evaluate it. GAO sustained the protest on this basis and recommended that the agency reevaluate quotations and make a new source selection decision that is consistent with GAO's decision.
Best-Value Tradeoff BasisDocumentation of Evaluation; GAO Bid Protest Review; MisevaluatedProposal EvaluationUnreasonable Source Selection
Matter of: PAE National Security Solutions, LLC
Matter of Dynaxys LLC
Matter of: Fluor Federal Solutions, LLC | Ultimately, the VA made an award to FG even though the quoted price was higher than the price offered by Company A.
Marquis argues that the VA misevaluated quotations and made an unreasonable source selection decision. Specifically, Marquis argues that the VA failed meaningfully to evaluate its quotation and also
evaluated its quotation disparately in comparison to the evaluation of the FG quotation. Marquis asserts that its proposal offered a detailed description of how it intended to meet the agency's requirements, and also offered many of the same | 104 |
200<|fim_middle|> he got himself one of those boats, and he had been practicing on it. It's a riverboat, a raft.
After Finnerty called his wife, he disappeared, Brink said. | 8 photo of Denver Broncos backup quarterback Cullen Finnerty stretching at the team's headquarters in Denver.
The search for a former Grand Valley State University football star ended late Tuesday when authorities found the body of Cullen Finnerty at a West Michigan campground.
Authorities found Finnerty, 30, in the Bray Creek Campground by the Osceola County Search and Rescue Team, about a half mile from where his boat was found, Lake County sheriff Robert Hilts said.
Family members told authorities Finnerty may have been experiencing an episode of stress or paranoia at the time of his disappearance. Hilts said nothing at the scene indicated any potential causes of death, but no foul play is suspected.
Finnerty's body will be sent to Spectrum Health Butterworth Hospital in Grand Rapids for an autopsy.
Finnerty was one of the Grand Valley State's best quarterbacks, leading the Lakers to NCAA Division II national championships in 2003, 2005 and 2006.
About 100 current and former football players and coaches from Grand Valley State had joined in the search through the thick, swampy woods northeast of Baldwin.
Finnerty was found wearing fishing waders and a camouflaged jacket. He was in the woods about a half mile north of where he disappeared while on a fishing trip. There were no apparent injuries and no signs of foul play, according to Hilts.
Finnerty had spent the holiday weekend with family near Baldwin, according to his father-in-law, Dan Brink.
Brink said Finnerty decided to go fishing Sunday night.
"It was a nice night on Sunday and we thought, 'There is a nice stretch of the river,' and | 345 |
Traineeships are a common way for young people to gain necessary work experience before entering regular jobs. A Eurobarometer survey on traineeships from 2013 showed that almost every<|fim_middle|> on Traineeships in the European Commission for more details. | second young person had at least one traineeship experience. 7 out of 10 ex-trainees found that their traineeship experience was useful in finding a regular job.
Traineeships are understood as a limited period of work practice, whether paid or not, which includes a learning and/or a training component. Traineeships help young people gain practical and professional experience, improve employability and facilitate transition into regular employment.
Additionally, traineeships also benefit employers by giving them access to a pool of talented young people, instead of going through a complex recruiting process. Traineeships can also help to give employers a positive image on the labour market.
However, a range of stakeholders are voicing concerns about the quality of traineeships. Some traineeships do not contain any learning elements, have poor working conditions, and trainees may be excluded from social security coverage. In addition, Eurofound has taken a look at cases which might constitute abuse of traineeship status.
As a European response to quality concerns, the Council adopted the final Recommendation on a Quality Framework for Traineeships (QFT) in March 2014, based on the Commission's proposal.
The Quality Framework for Traineeships recommends 22 quality elements for traineeships outside formal education which can be incorporated in national legislation or social partner agreements. Together, these elements provide guidelines on how to provide high quality learning content and fair working conditions so that traineeships support education-to-work transitions and increase the employability of trainees.
The QFT also highlights the importance of transparency regarding compensation and social security coverage, as well as hiring chances. These aspects should be clear to applicants already at the stage of the application for a traineeship position.
Traineeships are widely used as part of the Youth Guarantee. The Quality Framework for Traineeships is a reference to be used for traineeships also in this context.
Based on experience from the first five years of Youth Guarantee implementation, the report Traineeships under the Youth Guarantee – Experience from the ground looks at how traineeships can be successful learning experiences for young people, in supporting them to acquire essential skills for the labour market. It also takes a look at different measures that contribute to the quality of traineeships and prevent their misuse.
Are you looking for a traineeship?
The EURES portal lists traineeships for young people in EU countries, Liechtenstein, Norway or Iceland. You can also find other information on traineeships abroad, such as rules and regulations and how to move to another country.
The European Solidarity Corps offers young people the opportunity to be engaged in solidarity activities in the form of volunteering activities, jobs or traineeships.
Erasmus+ supports traineeships abroad for students currently enrolled in higher education institutions. These opportunities are also open to recent graduates.
The Digital Opportunity Traineeship initiative provides cross-border traineeships for up to 6,000 students in 2018-2020. Trainees can strengthen their digital skills in fields like digital marketing, cybersecurity, machine learning and software development.
If you are interested in becoming a trainee in the European Commission, visit the dedicated webpage | 650 |
Black Lightning Episode Guide: Season 1, Episode 10 - Sins Of The Father: The Book Of Redemption
Following up on Gambi's discovery, Black Lightning and Thunder investigate a mysterious lab which seems to be holding the cryogenically frozen first generation of Freeland's metahumans. Meanwhile, Lynn studies Jennifer in order to learn about her new powers.
The Black Lightning comics of Tony Isabella and the Milestone Comics Universe.
The direction of the opening sequence with Thunder tracking an abducted kid and finding the lab Gambi spoke of is<|fim_middle|> Fowdy - the Vice Principal at Garfield High.
Martin Proctor now knows that Jefferson Pierce is Black Lightning. He orders Kara Fowdy to kill him.
Another great episode. Though it's unclear where the subplot with Lala is going, it is engaging. More, it's nice to see some scenes here in which we see Jefferson being a hero outside of costume trying to save a young drug dealer from the dark path he was put on. The main plot is moving along nicely as well.
Labels: Black Lightning, Black Lightning Episode Guide, Black Lightning Season One, Inspector Henderson, Lala, Lightning, Lynn Stewart, Peter Gambi, Thunder, Two Bits | fantastic, well-shot and with a great musical accompaniment.
While not referred to by name, thematically this episode seems to draw off of the general aesthetic of the Milestone Comics Universe. The idea of young people accidentally being given superpowers and then being quietly picked up by the government seems to mirror a similar plot thread in the comic book Static, in which teenagers gained superpowers when an experimental new tear gas proved to have unintended side effects.
Jefferson is able to use his powers to make a springboard of sorts that Anissa uses to jump and flip, so that she can deliver a more effective blow to the ground.
Jefferson can "feel" the presence of electrical currents with his powers. With the help of the goggles Gambi made for him, he can see them as well. He calls this "Electric Vision."
Jennifer's body chemistry disrupts an MRI.
Lynn compares Jefferson's powers to a battery - he takes energy in from the source, stores it and channels it. Jennifer's powers, by contrast, have turned her into a generator, with her cells creating pure energy.
"Will": (whistles) Damn. You always mercing someone. Just like how you killed me.
Lala: I didn't do nothing to you but give you a job. Everything after that, you did to yourself.
(Jefferson has just told Lynn about his "Electric Vision".)
Lynn: Can you see through people's clothes?
(Jefferson just stares at her and then his gaze moves downward, as he smiles approvingly.)
Jefferson: Mmmmmaybe?
Lynn: Are you undressing me with your eyes?
(Jefferson just chuckles.)
Jefferson: Anissa told me what happened. Are you okay?
Jennifer: Yeah.
(Jefferson nods and watches her expectantly.)
Jennifer: (sighs) No.
(Jefferson sits on the foot of her bed.)
Jefferson: Look... I promise you, you will be. Ok? You will live the life that you want to live. Not the one Anissa or me or your mother or anyone else wants you to live. The life you want. But you have to learn to control your powers. Someone could get hurt.
Jennifer: I didn't ask for this.
Jefferson: I know (sighs) Believe me, I know. But you still have to deal with it.
(Two Bits is lighting up a marijuana cigarette. A bolt of electricity blasts it from his hand. He looks up to see Black Lighting.)
Two Bits: What-?
Black Lightning: We had a deal.
Two Bits: I'm following our deal! I said I wouldn't sell no more drugs and I'm not!
Black Lightning: You ain't supposed to smoke no drugs either.
Two Bits: It's legal, man! I got a card!
Black Lightning: Uh-uh. You ain't got a card from me.
Two Bits: (pauses) I hate you.
Black Lightning: No, you don't. I'm making you a better man.
Two Bits: I don't want to be a better man!
Black Lightning: Yeah, you do.
(Two Bits is telling Black Lightning about the military trucks he saw. Suddenly an air conditioning unit comes falling down above them, almost hitting them both. The look up to see a woman looking out the window at them.)
Two Bits: What the hell?!
Woman: Damn! I almost got you! I'm sorry, Black Lightning, but you're worth a lot of money.
Two Bits: They doubled the reward they put on you for killing Lady Eve. I'd take you in myself if I thought that I could... take you.
Black Lightning: I didn't kill her.
Two Bits: (laughing nervously) Okay. I believe you. But what I think don't matter. Man, you're doing too much. Maybe you should try keeping a low profile, you know?
Black Lightning: I don't do low profile.
Two Bits: Yeah. I see that.
Black Lightning: Stop smoking them drugs, all right? You need to do better.
(A microwave falls from the sky just barely missing Black Lightning and Two Bits again.)
Woman: Dammit!
Two-Bits: (to the woman) What is wrong with you?! (to Black Lighting) You've got people trying to drop microwaves on your head, and you're telling me to do better?!
Woman: He killed no one, but I've need my bills paid!
Malik: Where's everyone else at?
Jefferson: Behind that preposition?
Malik: What?
Jefferson: It is bad English to end a sentence with a preposition.
Malik: Oh. Where's everyone else at, brah?
Jefferson: Good. That's good.
Two Bits is seen for the first time since 104. He witnesses a young girl who appears to be manifesting fire powers being grabbed off the street and put in a van.
Anissa tells Jefferson about the lab that Gambi discovered in 109. She determined that the bodies of the metahuman children were in suspended animation.
Lala is now talking to his dead cousin Will, who he killed in 102.
Will's mother doesn't know that he's dead.
Lala develops another tattoo that looks like Will.
Jefferson tells Anissa about what Gambi told him about his past in 108 and the ASA project that accidentally gave kids superpowers.
Anissa tells Jefferson what Gambi told her - that he leveraged his knowledge to end the ASA program in Freeland and has been trying to make amends for his role in things since.
Two Bits tells Jefferson about the abducted metahuman girl. He says the uniform looked like it was from Jefferson's school.
The abduction occurred on 34th and Oglethorpe.
The missing girl's name is Neema.
Jennifer's powers are determined to be just like Jefferson's, after she sets a couch cushion on fire after she loses her temper.
Two Bits has been tracking the comings and goings of every delivery truck in Freeland since he was a teenager.
Gambi is abducted by The ASA. Martin Proctor from 108 leads the team that does it.
Two Bits has a prescription for medical marijuana.
The warehouse where the metahuman kids were being kept was on 12th street. They were moved by large, military trucks that didn't leave Freeland, but nobody saw where they went.
Jefferson approaches Malik - the boy who works for Lala as a drug dealer - who was last seen in 102. He offers to help Malik by finding a place for him and his grandmother to live if he'll come to the mentoring program at Garfield High at 10 am the next day.
Jefferson give Malik a book of poems by Langston Hughes and instructs him to read one poem a day.
Gambi says the ASA must have another spotter working in Freeland who is tracking the new metahuman kids and arranging for them to be abducted.
Lala begins to push the local drug dealers working for The 100 to sell cocaine and weed instead of Green Light.
Jefferson moves Lynn, Jennifer and Anissa into the house he grew up in, which was held in trust for him until he was 21.
The ASA Spotter is revealed to be Kara | 1,520 |
Writer Malcolm Gladwell sees 'enormous hope' in today's young workforce
Yolande ColeMore from Yolande Cole
Updated: September 19, 2019 10:47 AM MDT
Dry January? Good month for a financial detox, too
Instilling pride: First Nations in northern Alberta launch Cree language app
Journalist and best-selling author Malcolm Gladwell speaks at the Energy Disruptors conference on Wednesday.AZIN GHAFFARI/POSTMEDIA
Technology, education and diversity were some of the themes that wrapped up a two-day energy conference in Calgary on Wednesday, as speakers including Canadian writer Malcolm Gladwell shared their comments with a packed audience at the Big Four Building.
Gladwell's appearance as part of an onstage interview and panel discussion concluded the Energy Disruptors conference, with the bestselling author and journalist sharing his perspectives on everything from the American post-secondary education system to his opposition to in-person job interviews.
The writer, who recently launched his own business, told moderator Holly Ransom, the co-founder of Energy Disruptors, that he doesn't believe in job interviews, and questioned what is to be gained from meeting someone as opposed to talking on the phone or by email and by speaking to references.
"If I meet you, what happens then," he told Ransom. "To that base of very, very relevant and useful information, I'm adding a whole lot of information that isn't necessarily useful."
Gladwell even asks potential new hires to redact the name of their post-secondary educational institutions from their applications, as his way of fighting "stratification" in the education system.
During Wednesday's wide-ranging talk, Gladwell emphasized the importance of diversity within leadership, citing the example of the invention of the telephone and its roots in a telegraph industry made<|fim_middle|> and their attitudes toward things like collaboration and diversity," he said.
"I have a lot of optimism for this younger cohort, because I think their head is on right and they're better adapted to the world as it's changing."
Gladwell is the author of six books, including The Tipping Point, Blink, Outliers and his recently published work Talking to Strangers. He has been a staff writer for The New Yorker since 1996. The Canadian journalist was appointed to the Order of Canada in 2011.
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Letters, Jan. 20: 'Environmental hypocrites should give it a rest' | up of men. He noted the phone took a long time to take off, between its invention and its presence in North American homes.
The delay had nothing to do with the technology but with the social context, Gladwell told the audience — for a generation, they misunderstood the social function of the instrument.
"This is the reason for having diversity in leadership circles," he said.
Journalist and best-selling author Malcolm Gladwell speaks at the Energy Disruptors conference on Wednesday.
Gladwell attributed continued delays in seeing that diversity reflected in leadership circles to "a tension between efficiency and ultimate productivity."
"When I let in someone who is different from me, it requires more from me; more effort," he said. "I need to understand that I can't use the same shorthands, I need to adjust the culture, we need to do all kinds of things that are costly in one sense.
"On the other side is the benefit of that, but it isn't necessarily obvious in the beginning. I think we too easily default into this short-term efficiency of homogeneous organizations and don't stop and think about how there will be these kinds of large, unanticipated benefits to heterogeneity."
Varcoe: Energy Disruptors see seismic effects from attack on Saudi oil
Shift to electric vehicles in Alberta is 'inevitable,' conference-goers told
But Gladwell did offer an optimistic outlook in relation to his observations as an employer of workers in their 20s. These young people, he told Ransom, fill him with an "enormous amount of hope."
"Something significant has happened (to the) people born into the digital age | 331 |
How a Tyson Fury motivational phone call 'saved' Britain's Worst Boxer
📷 Mikey Williams
Britain's Worst Boxer Robin Deakin fights at London's O2 Indigo thanks to a helping hand from Tyson Fury.
Deakin reckons he will make headlines around the world if he beats Johnny Lawson in his bareknuckle punch up on Saturday, January 25.
The show will be screened in 13 countries – and Deakin hopes victory will lead to a shot at KSI.
The 33 year old says he's ready to start winning again after some dark days.
He said "For my first three bareknuckle fights I had nowhere to live.<|fim_middle|> not giving a shit. I just wanted to get hit. I was thinking 'I don't want to be here any more'
"I'm in a better place now and enjoying the buzz again."
Deakin says his switch to bareknuckle boxing – surely the country's fastest-growing sport – is all down to Tyson Fury.
He said: "Tyson phoned me and told me to give it a go. Tyson knows about depression and he said 'this is what you need.' Bareknuckle boxing saved me."
Deakin is backing his pal Fury to trounce Deontay Wilder in their rematch on February 22.
"Everyone knows Tyson won the first fight," said Deakin, "and didn't get the decision. Next time he beats Wilder even more comfortably." | I was homeless. I was sofa surfing.
"I did bareknuckle boxing as a sort of self harm. I was depressed and getting hit was my therapy
"I lost the girl I loved and it was so hard.
"All I ever wanted in my life was to be loved by someone. It sounds cheesy but I'm a good man who wants to be liked and being rejected really threw me and left me homeless.
"I gave up everything to be with her and when we split and she chucked me out I felt hopeless and depressed.
"I got into the ring | 112 |
Ancient Shadows
Ancient Secrets, Book 2
By: Joanne Pence
Narrated by: Tim Paige
Series: Ancient Secrets Series, Book 2
Categories: Literature & Fiction, Action & Adventure
One by one, a horror film director, a judge, and a newspaper publisher meet brutal deaths. A link exists between them, and the deaths have only begun....
Archeologist Michael Rempart finds himself pitted against ancient demons and modern conspirators when a dying priest gives him a powerful artifact - a pearl said to have granted Genghis Khan the power, eight centuries ago, to lead his Mongol warriors across the steppes to the gates of Vienna.
The artifact has set off centuries of war and destruction as it conjures demons to play upon men's strongest ambitions and cruelest desires. Michael realizes the so-called pearl is a philosopher's stone, the prime agent of alchemy. As much as he would like to ignore the artifact, when he sees horrific deaths and experiences - firsthand - diabolical possession and affliction, he has no choice but to act.
The dark legends are true. To stop the artifact's evil, Michael must follow a path along the Old Silk Road to a land that time forgot and somehow find a place that may no longer exist in the world as he knows it.
©2015 Joanne Pence (P)2019 Joanne Pence
Action & Adventure Occult
Ancient Deceptions
The Inspector Rebecca Mayfield Mysteries Box Set 1
Ancient Echoes
Scratch the Surface
Searching for Lilly
What listeners say about Ancient Shadows
Victor @ theAudiobookBlog dot com
The Adventure Continues
Ancient Shadows is the second book<|fim_middle|> the series.
great adventure
Joanne Pence write a great story. It's starts strong and continues until the end. There's plenty of action as the story takes the main character to different parts of the world. Tim Paige does a very good job in narrating the story.
"I was given this free review copy audiobook at my request and have voluntarily left this review."
raymond mcanulty
Not bad, kept my interest.
nice follow up to first book. nice ending.
characters were interesting.kept me guessing.
easy listen.
The book started off a little slow but then the story picked up. In the end I enjoyed the story.
Great 2nd Book
The second book is a action pack adventure, easy to follow storylines. I highly recommend this book. | in the Ancient Secrets Series of paranormal mysteries by best-selling author Joanne Pence and after I reviewed the first one, Ancient Echos, a few months ago, I was really curious to see what new adventures await our hero, renowned archeologist Michael Rempart.
The action picks up about one year after that of the previous book and it follows our main character and one of his close friends, as they try to uncover the secrets behind an ancient artifact, a pearl that gives its owner powers beyond belief, but the stone is evil and the price asked might be too high.
When a series of brutal murders leave dead a few well-known figures in the United States, the FBI gets involved in the investigation and one of the investigators has a serious reason to look beneath every unturned stone for connections between the deaths. The answer is in a photo taken long time ago and has to do with an old myth, a dying priest, the old Silk Road, and at the middle of all this is Michael Rempart and a few of his old and new friends. What follows is a breakneck race through some exotic locations and at every step their endeavors are foiled by malefic forces. I will not spoil the rest of this great story for you, as I think that you should discover it on your own.
Author Joanne Pence manages to deliver another unputdownable adventure, filled with lifelike characters, vivid locations and a few plot twists that will make you appreciate her writing style even more. I enjoyed very much the continued character arc for Michael Rempart and I am looking forward to the next books in this series.
The Audiobook version of Ancient Shadows is 8 hours and 31 minutes in length, and it is performed, like its predecessor, by talented voice over artist and narrator Tim Paige.
He delivers another solid narration, switching between voices with ease, keeping the characters well differentiated in the listener's mind. Now he is a dying priest, now a frightened woman, now an excited guide or an maleficent spirit.
Tim Paige is great for this series and I hope to listen to him again performing the upcoming audiobooks.
Fans of Clive Cussler, James Rollins, Douglas Preston and Lincoln Child should find these two adventures in the Ancient Secrets series very entertaining and satisfying.
Please vote helpful below if you liked this review and find more of them on theAudiobookBlog dot com
Lidia Chymkowska
Overall 3.5 rounded up to 4 :)
Well, the story is 3.5 stars, really...
I liked the first book in the series a lot - it was action- and mystery-packed; this installment feels much slower, in comparison.
The main plotline itself is well thought out, the mystery intriguing - an ancient pearl which turns out to be a powerful philosopher's stone comes into Michael's hands and now he's the one who has to fight powerful demons... Sounds great but there are some small things that make me rate the book 3.5 for the story. What are they? Well, there are a lot of dangers to escape, a lot of discoveries into the ancient history to make and a lot of journeying to do but somehow all of these don't feel as rushed and as urgent as the story in the previous book was. There are parts that simply drag on a bit, with all the explanations of the history and legend behind the pearl and Genghis Khan, and Marco Polo...There's also a woman character in tow - but she's not Charlotte; Charlotte was Michael's equal partner, this time the woman character seems to be a burden rather than help, at least for most of the time. Also, the demons, though truly cruel and vicious do not feel as bad and unpredictable as I feel they should (the unredictability of the previous book's otherwordly horrors turned out really hard to match, even for its creator:)).
But, with all these weaknesses, it's still a very good, engaging and gripping novel. We get to know a bit more about Michael and his partner, and about the pain Michael carries in his heart and soul. We travel around the world, getting to know some bits and pieces of ancient history, myths and legends of different nations (which I always like), and all that in a very good interpretation by Mr Paige. As with book no. 1, he's very good at conveying emotions, differentiating voices and taking the story to a higher level altogether.
DISCLAIMER: I was given this free review copy audiobook at my request and have voluntarily left this review.
Deedra
This was a really good book!A bit of history and a lot of adventure! Tim Paige was a fine narrator. I was given this book by the narrator,author or publisher free for an honest review.
Mark Mackey
Ancient Shadows review
The author Joanne Pence tells a unique story in Ancient Shadows. It's interesting, with unique characters and well worth the time. Five stars.
Walter W. Chu
Hmmmmm......
Involved. Deeply involved. Yet, seemly well researched, if most of the details are correct. It's not a terrible or boring story. It just seemed to take a bit to get somewhere and there seemed to have a large number of characters involved in getting there.
I was given this free review copy audio book at my request and have voluntarily left this review.
So, I'll preface my review by saying I am starting the series with this book. That said, this book seems to be able to stand on its own fairly well. I suspect each book is an individual adventure centered around the main character. I'm sure there are elements that build on the previous book, but I was able to enjoy this book without it. The narration is done well and the story and characters were engaging. All in all, I enjoyed it and would definitely be open to more in | 1,204 |
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We are excited to welcome you and your children, and we look forward to meeting and exceeding whatever expectations you have for your little one's dental experience.
Our front office staff of Linda, Patty, Esmeralda, and Khin will cheerfully welcome you to SmileWorks. These knowledgeable and friendly ladies will assist you in scheduling appointments and filing insurance claims. From the moment you walk in the door until the time you leave, they will make you and your child feel as if you have found your dental home.
Our hygiene team — made up of Stephanie, Nicole M., Nicole H., Amber, and Sharon — loves building relationships with each child and strives to make every visit a fun and positive experience. They all have many years of experience working with children and their oral health. They provide excellent care, and educate our patients and parents on the importance of good oral hygiene, diet, and habits.
Our team of assistants | 187 |
Contagion (2011)
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As an epidemic of a lethal airborne virus - that kills within days - rapidly grows, the worldwide medical community races to find a cure and control the panic that spreads faster than the virus itself.
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David Lazan, Cliff Martinez, Steven Soderbergh, Steven Soderbergh, Stephen Mirrione
Marion Cotillard, Matt Damon, Laurence Fishburne, Jude Law, Kate Winslet
Drama, Thriller, Science Fiction
Careful What You Wish For (2015)
A guy gets more than he bargained for after entering into an affair with the wife of an investment banker. Soon, a suspicious death and substantial life insurance policy embroil him in a scandal.
Director: Rogier Stoffers, Padraic McKinley, Roshelle Berliner, Andrew Grush, Jason Bistarkey
Stars: Nick Jonas, Isabel Lucas, Dermot Mulroney, Kandyse McClure, Graham Rogers
Léon: The Professional (1994)
Léon, the top hit man in New York, has earned a rep as an effective "cleaner". But when his next-door neighbors are wiped out by a loose-cannon DEA agent, he becomes the unwilling custodian of 12-year-old Mathilda. Before long, Mathilda's thoughts turn to revenge, and she considers following in Léon's footsteps.
Director: Luc Besson, Luc Besson, Patrice Ledoux, Éric Serra, Thierry Arbogast
Stars: Jean Reno, Natalie Portman, Gary Oldman, Danny Aiello, Peter Appel
Boulevard (2014)
Nolan Mack, a soft-spoken bank employee, undoubtedly loves his wife Joy, though their cavernous empty house only underscores how disconnected they've always been from each other. Nolan finds himself drifting from his familiar present-day life in pursuit of lost time after meeting a troubled young man named Leo on his drive home. What begins as an aimless drive down an unfamiliar street turns into a life-altering series of events.
Director: Jeong Jeong-hun, Dito Montiel, Douglas Soesbe, Carlos Rosario, Mia Chang
Stars: Robin Williams, Roberto Aguire, Bob Odenkirk, Kathy Baker, Eléonore Hendricks
Space Cowboys (2000)
Frank Corvin, 'Hawk' Hawkins, Jerry O'Neill and 'Tank' Sullivan were hotdog members of Project Daedalus, the Air Force's test program for space travel, but their hopes were dashed in 1958 with the formation of NASA and the use of trained chimps. They blackmail their way into orbit when Russia's mysterious 'Ikon' communications satellite's orbit begins to degrade and threatens to crash to Earth.
Director: Clint Eastwood, Clint Eastwood, Lennie Niehaus, Jack Green, Henry Bumstead
Stars: Clint Eastwood, Tommy Lee Jones, Donald Sutherland, James Garner, James Cromwell
Honey, We Shrunk Ourselves (1997)
The joke's on absent-minded scientist Wayne Szalinski when his troublesome invention shrinks him, his brother and their wives so effectively that their children think they've completely disappeared. Of course, this gives the kids free rein to do anything they want, unaware that their parents are watching every move.
Director: Dean Cundey, Barry Bernardi, Charles Bornstein, Joel Hodgson, Karey Kirkpatrick
Stars: Rick Moranis, Eve Gordon, Bug Hall, Robin Bartlett, Stuart Pankin
The Golem (2018)
A re-imagining of the old<|fim_middle|> for a minor crime and mysteriously found dead during his detention. In one week's time, a family is changed forever.
Director: Andrea Occhipinti, Luigi Musini, Mokadelic, Stefano Massenzi, Alessio Cremonini
Stars: Alessandro Borghi, Massimiliano Tortora, Milvia Marigliano, Jasmine Trinca, Elisa Casavecchia
Transformers: Age of Extinction (2014)
As humanity picks up the pieces, following the conclusion of "Transformers: Dark of the Moon," Autobots and Decepticons have all but vanished from the face of the planet. However, a group of powerful, ingenious businessman and scientists attempt to learn from past Transformer incursions and push the boundaries of technology beyond what they can control - all while an ancient, powerful Transformer menace sets Earth in his cross-hairs.
Director: Denise Chamian, Steven Spielberg, William Goldenberg, Paul Rubell, Michael Bay
Stars: Mark Wahlberg, Stanley Tucci, Kelsey Grammer, Nicola Peltz, Jack Reynor
A Dangerous Method (2011)
Seduced by the challenge of an impossible case, the driven Dr. Carl Jung takes the unbalanced yet beautiful Sabina Spielrein as his patient. Jung's weapon is the method of his master, the renowned Sigmund Freud. Both men fall under Sabina's spell.
Director: David Cronenberg, Peter Suschitzky, Ronald Sanders, Howard Shore, Jeremy Thomas
Stars: Keira Knightley, Viggo Mortensen, Michael Fassbender, Sarah Gadon, Vincent Cassel
Lupin III: The First (2019)
A somewhat daffy book editor on a rail trip from Los Angeles to Chicago thinks that he sees a murdered man thrown from the train. When he can find no one who will believe him, he starts doing some investigating of his own. But all that accomplishes is to get the killer after him.
Director: Lynn Stalmaster, Henry Mancini, Martin Ransohoff, Colin Higgins, Marvin March
Stars: Gene Wilder, Jill Clayburgh, Richard Pryor, Patrick McGoohan, Ned Beatty
Antitrust (2001)
A computer programmer's dream job at a hot Portland-based firm turns nightmarish when he discovers his boss has a secret and ruthless means of dispatching anti-trust problems.
Director: John Bailey, Amanda Mackey, Howard Franklin, Cathy Sandrich, Zach Staenberg
Stars: Ryan Phillippe, Rachael Leigh Cook, Tim Robbins, Claire Forlani, Richard Roundtree
Death Sentence (2007)
Nick Hume is a mild-mannered executive with a perfect life, until one gruesome night he witnesses something that changes him forever. Transformed by grief, Hume eventually comes to the disturbing conclusion that no length is too great when protecting his family.
Director: James Wan, Charlie Clouser, Deborah Aquila, Andy Potvin, John R. Leonetti
Stars: Kevin Bacon, Garrett Hedlund, Kelly Preston, Jordan Garrett, John Goodman
High Noon (1952)
Will Kane, the sheriff of a small town in New Mexico, learns a notorious outlaw he put in jail has been freed, and will be arriving on the noon train. Knowing the outlaw and his gang are coming to kill him, Kane is determined to stand his ground, so he gathers a posse from among the local townspeople.
Director: Elmo Williams, Fred Zinnemann, Carl Foreman, Carl Foreman, John W. Cunningham
Stars: Gary Cooper, Grace Kelly, Thomas Mitchell, Lloyd Bridges, Katy Jurado
Feminists: What Were They Thinking? (2018)
In 1977, a book of photographs captured an awakening - women shedding the cultural restrictions of their childhoods and embracing their full humanity. This documentary revisits those photos, those women and those times and takes aim at our culture today that alarmingly shows the need for continued change.
Director: Johanna Demetrakas, Lili Haydn, Kristy Tully, Kate Amend
Stars: Laurie Anderson, Judy Chicago, Jane Fonda, Sally Kirkland, Lily Tomlin
The Tailor of Panama (2001)
A British spy is banished to Panama after having an affair with an ambassador's mistress. Once there he makes connection with a local tailor with a nefarious past and connections to all of the top political and gangster figures in Panama. The tailor also has a wife, who works for the Panamanian president and a huge debt. The mission is to learn what the President intends to do with the Canal.
Director: Jina Jay, Philippe Rousselot, Tom Johnson, Andrew Davies, Mark Auguste
Stars: Pierce Brosnan, Geoffrey Rush, Jamie Lee Curtis, Leonor Varela, Brendan Gleeson
Two disconnected sisters are summoned to clean out their childhood bedrooms before their parents sell their family home.
Director: Kerry Barden, Jay Roach, Richard Hoover, Lee Haxall, Paul Schnee
Stars: Tina Fey, Amy Poehler, John Leguizamo, Ike Barinholtz, Maya Rudolph
Dr. Mabuse, the Gambler (1922)
Arch-criminal Dr. Mabuse, who is a master of disguise and has been hypnotising people into doing his bidding, sets out to make a fortune and run Berlin. Detective Wenk sets out to stop him.
Director: Erich Pommer, Fritz Lang, Fritz Lang, Thea von Harbou, Karl Vollbrecht
Stars: Rudolf Klein-Rogge, Aud Egede Nissen, Gertrude Welcker, Alfred Abel, Bernhard Goetzke | mystical folklore that follows a woman and a tight-knit Jewish community that is besieged by foreign invaders. She conjures a dangerous creature to protect them but it may be more evil than she ever imagined.
Director: Patrick Ewald, Yoav Paz, Doron Paz, Doron Paz, Shaked Berenson
Stars: Hani Furstenberg, Ishai Golan, Alex Tritenko, Lenny Ravich, Brynie Furstenberg
Wasabi (2001)
Hubert is a French policeman with very sharp methods. After being forced to take 2 months off by his boss, who doesn't share his view on working methods, he goes back to Japan, where he used to work 19 years ago, to settle the probate of his girlfriend who left him shortly after marriage without a trace.
Director: Luc Besson, Luc Besson, Éric Serra, Jacques Bufnoir, Yann Hervé
Stars: Jean Reno, Ryoko Hirosue, Michel Muller, Carole Bouquet, Yoshi Oida
Eastern Promises (2007)
A Russian teenager, living in London, dies during childbirth but leaves clues to a midwife in her journal, that could tie her child to a rape involving a violent Russian mob family.
Director: David Cronenberg, Peter Suschitzky, Ronald Sanders, Howard Shore, David M. Thompson
Stars: Naomi Watts, Viggo Mortensen, Vincent Cassel, Armin Mueller-Stahl, Sinéad Cusack
The hilarity begins when professor Sherman Klump finds romance with fellow DNA specialist, Denise Gaines, and discovers a brilliant formula that reverses aging. But Sherman's thin and obnoxious alter ego, Buddy Love, wants out...and a big piece of the action. And when Buddy gets loose, things get seriously nutty.
Director: Brian Grazer, Eddie Murphy, Chris Weitz, Paul Weitz, David Newman
Stars: Eddie Murphy, Janet Jackson, Larry Miller, John Ales, Richard Gant
On My Skin (2018)
The incredible true story behind the most controversial Italian court cases in recent years. Stefano Cucchi was arrested | 450 |
"The quantum structure is a mirror image of your emotions, deeds and thoughts." Marina Jacobi.
This morning I heard a lady say… "If it has existed, a spark of it<|fim_middle|> us to a place where we are a part of everything that ever was or will be. Maybe so.
This path is not twisted by the intellect, the ego, the reasoning – it is the heart's path – pure and straight – you know what is right and good for your brother – your heart gives you the correct impulse. It is not an easy journey, it is pioneering for us, and it requires everything plus a fraction more.
Your life is your friend next to you, your son, your neighbor, your granddaughter, the young man you know in prison, your extended family, your relationships – close to you is your real opportunity. If we want to impact the greater world out there it starts organically.
Begin by loving you, as you are; as the Force you originated from loves you. Be truthful, kind, forgiving and encouraging of you. Broken hearts are healing now – it's that time for us to guide with the heart's knowing in partnership with the mind's reason. | is in you and you can access it with your intention." Could be. I don't deny things I don't understand – and just in case quantum manifestation is real, let's observe and refine what we intend.
How about we intend the highest good for all of life and see if we can make it personal and moment to moment. All is within you – even what you believe is outside. I think the lady I quoted is telling us that the journey within, into expanded consciousness, takes | 98 |
Leonard Mlodinow (1954, Chicago, Illinois) es un físico y matemático estadounidense. Actualmente es profesor en el Instituto de Tecnología de California o Caltech.
Datos biográficos
Mlodinow nació en Chicago, Illinois, de padres supervivientes al Holocausto. Su padre, que pasó más de un año en el Campo de concentración de Buchenwald, había sido un dirigente de la resistencia judía durante el Holocausto en su ciudad natal de Częstochowa, Polonia.
Mlodinow desde niño estaba interesado tanto en matemáticas como en química; durante su permanencia en el instituto (high school) recibió clases particulares de química orgánica de un profesor de la Universidad de Illinois.
Tal como relata en su libro El arcoiris de Feynman -Feynman's Rainbow- (Mlodinow está muy influenciado por Richard Feynman), su interés por la física fue a causa de una estancia fuera de la universidad en un kibutz en Israel. Durante ese semestre leyó noche tras noche uno de los pocos libros que encontró en inglés en la biblioteca del kibutz. Las lecciones de Feynman de Física -The Feynman Lectures on Physics-.
Mientras era estudiante de doctorado en la Universidad de California en Berkeley, y en la facultad de Caltech, desarrolló, junto a N. Papanicolaou, un nuevo tipo de teoría perturbacional para problemas de valores propios en mecánica cuántica. Más tarde, estuvo con una beca Alexander von Humboldt en el Instituto Max Planck de Física y Astrofísica en Múnich (Alemania), donde hizo un trabajo pionero junto a M. Hillery en óptica cuántica en medios dieléctricos.
Guionista y divulgador
Además de sus investigaciones en mecánica cuántica es autor de libros sobre la divulgación científica y guionista documentales, películas y de series de televisión.
Guionista de La Guerra de las Galaxias
Leonard Mlodinow ha escrito el guion de la película Más allá del horizonte (Beyond the Horizon), fue de los primeros guionistas de la serie La guerra de las galaxias y guionista de series de televisión, entre otras Star Trek: La Nueva Generación y MacGyver .
Autor de libros infantiles
Es coautor, junto a Matt Costello de dos de los libros de la serie para niños The Kids of Einstein Elementary.
2004 - The Last Dinosaur
2004 - Titanic Cat
Coautor junto a Stephen Hawking
2005 - Brevísima historia del tiempo (con Stephen Hawking)
2010 - El gran diseño - (The Grand Design, con Stephen Hawking). En este libro se expone la cuestión de la existencia del universo y el por qué las leyes de la física son lo que son.
Publicaciones científicas seleccionadas
Resolución de problemas de dimensiones infinitas
"SO(2,1) Algebra and Large N Expansions in Quantum Mechanics," Annals of Physics 128, 314 (1980). Con N. Papanicolaou.
"Pseudo-spin Structure and Large N Expansions for a Class of Generalized Helium Hamiltonians," Annals of Physics 131, 1 (1981). With N. Papanicolaou. SO(2,1) Algebra and Large N Expansions in Quantum Mechanics," Annals of Physics 128, 314 (1980). Con N. Papanicolaou.
"Large N Expansions Work," en Proceedings of the IV Warsaw Symposium in Elementary Particle Physics. Z. Abjduk and K. Doroba, eds. (Varsovia, 1981).
"Semi-Classical Perturbation Theory for the Hydrogen Atom in a Uniform Magnetic Field," Phys Rev A 25 1305 (1982). Con C. Bender and N Papanicolaou.
"A Semi-Classical Perturbation Theory for Quantum Mechanics," en Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics, volume 8, Quarks and the Nucleus . D Wilkerson, ed. (Pergamon, 1982).
"Solving the Schroedinger Equation with Use of 1/N Perturbation Theory," J Math Phys 25 943 (1984). Con M. Shatz.
Sobre teoría cuántica de campos en dieléctricos.
"A Semi-Classical Expansion for Non-Linear Dielectric Media," Phys Rev A 31 797 (1985). Con M. Hillery.
"Quantization of Electrodynamics in Nonlinear Dielectric Media," Phys Rev A 30 1860 (1984). Con M. Hillery.
Obra de divulgación científica
2001 - La ventana de Euclides. Una historia de la geometría (Euclid's Window: the Story of Geometry from Parallel Lines to Hyperspace), es un libro de divulgación científica que narra la idea del espacio curvo y la historia de la geometría. Ha sido traducido a más de 10 idiomas.
2003 - El arco iris de Feynman: la búsqueda de la belleza en la física y en la vida (Feynman's Rainbow: a Search for Beauty in Physics and in Life)- Editorial Crítica. Es un libro en el que Mlodinow cuenta su relación con Richard Feynman, durante su años post-doctorales en Caltech, a principios de la década de 1980. El libro ofrece la visión de Feynman y su actitud hacia la vida y la física, su relación con Murray Gell-Mann y la Teoría de cuerdas.
2005 - Brevísima historia del tiempo con Stephen Hawking. Editorial Crítica 2006. Un best-seller internacional que ha sido traducido a más de 25 idiomas.
2008 - El andar del borracho: cómo el azar gobierna nuestras vidas - (The Drunkard's Walk: How Randomness Rules our Lives), Editorial<|fim_middle|> cercenar su cuota de incertidumbre. Este libro fue un best-seller, y fue declarado por el New York Times libro del año, también fue considerado como uno de los 10 mejores libros de ciencia de 2008 por Amazon.com.
2010 - El gran diseño - (The Grand Design). En este libro explora, junto a Stephen Hawking, la cuestión de la existencia del universo y el por qué las leyes de la física son lo que son.
Referencias
Véase también
Teoría perturbacional
Historia de la teoría cuántica de campos
Teoría cuántica de campos
Teoría cuántica de campos axiomática
Instituto de Tecnología de California o Caltech
Stephen Hawking
Richard Feynman
Enlaces externos
En español
Artículo sobre el libro de Mlodinow "El andar del borracho", Cosas que se descubren por azar, Silvia Hopenhayn, La Nación, 24 de septiembre de 2008
"Espero que el Papa entienda nuestro libro", Mlodinow, Físico, guionista y coautor de 'El Gran Diseño', Público, 13/11/2010
En inglés
Página de Leonard Mlodinow
Película acerca de Mlodinow "Beyond the Horizon"
Página web de la Revista "Feynman's Rainbow"
Library Cog Review of "Feynman's Rainbow"
Acerca de los autores de A Briefer History of Time - UC Berkeley
Acerca del libro "The Grand Design"
Fortune Magazine Review of The Drunkard's Walk
NY Times Review of The Drunkard's Walk
Barron's Book Review of The Drunkard's Walk
Físicos de Estados Unidos
Matemáticos de Estados Unidos
Escritores de divulgación científica
Físicos del siglo XX
Físicos del siglo XXI
Físicos teóricos
Judíos de Estados Unidos
Nacidos en Chicago | Crítica. Este libro explora los vericuetos del azar y la aleatoriedad a lo largo de la historia, y la probabilidad de | 32 |
In March 2018, the Year of Young People (YOYP) fund launched in Scotland. This £550,000 fund aims to change the lives of young people aged eight to 26 through the provision of health and wellbeing projects that encourage positive mental wellbeing and active lifestyles.
As part of its support for YOYP, Spirit of 2012's Youth Advisory Panel launched a £1,000 Thrive Challenge Fund for a project it could support for the year. Today, it reveals the winner: South Lanarkshire Leisure and Culture, for a new netball/football project that will be based in Biggar.
The new project will engage secondary school-aged boys and girls in netball and football, linking them into local clubs and a community sports hub.
Biggar is a very remote part of rural Lanarkshire, and so the project will not only provide opportunities for playing sport, but will also help young participants make<|fim_middle|>.
Supported by Sport Scotland's Active Schools, the project will be driven by young people, with youth ambassadors managing the sessions and delivering activities in each club. There will be a particular focus on engaging the least active local pupils, helping them develop a passion for sport and physical activity that will continue into their adult lives.
Click here to read more about Scotland's Year of Young People.
Click here to read more about Thrive, a digital toolkit for practitioners who want to help people become active. | new friends and grow their social connections | 7 |
Matt Blinstrubas is the Director of Grants at the Elton John AIDS<|fim_middle|> transgender individuals. Can you tell us more about what this initiative will be focusing on and what you hope to achieve?
A: On May 15, 2018, EJAF launched a new grant initiative: Addressing the Needs of Transgender People and Black Gay and Bisexual Men. Over the course of the next three years, 2019-2021, EJAF anticipates awarding approximately $11 million ($3.7 annually) in grants through this new initiative.
Addressing inequalities by race, gender, age, urban/rural locations, and other factors that affect access to health care, education, and social services.
Supporting sexual health and education, mental health services, addiction support, and community mobilization.
Protecting people from exposure to and harm from punitive policing and criminal justice systems, including access to legal services, access to education and employment, and opportunities for professional and economic advancement.
Supporting political organizing and advocacy for systemic change.
Innovations in health promotion and services at organizations led by Black Gay and Bisexual Men, including programs to increase rates of HIV testing, access to PrEP, and people's linkage to and engagement in health care and rates of viral suppression.
Increased accommodation and services for transgender people in HIV-focused programs, such as peer-led health promotion, social and mental health services, and provision of hormone therapy, to encourage increased rates of HIV testing, access to PrEP, and people's linkage to and engagement in health care and rates of viral suppression.
Support of leadership and leadership development of transgender people and Black Gay and Bisexual Men in HIV services and other health programs, including efforts to create new professional opportunities for community leaders, professional growth among new managers, organizational leadership transitions, and other activities for organizational management and community leadership.
Political organizing and advocacy by HIV-focused organizations and coalitions to promote health access, legal justice, and equal opportunity in education and employment for transgender people and Black Gay and Bisexual Men.
Q: The opioid epidemic and HIV are deeply interconnected public health challenges. What are EJAF grantees doing to confront the twin epidemics of opioid addiction and HIV infection in the U.S.?
A: As one of the nation's largest private funder of syringe exchange and harm reduction programs, EJAF is proud to also be the leading funder participating in the Syringe Access Fund, a collaborative of grantmakers committed to helping people battling addiction to reduce harms related to injection drug use. People's use of contaminated needles results in 3,000 to 5,000 new cases of HIV and approximately 10,000 new cases of Hepatitis C in the U.S. each year. Providing people who are injecting drugs with access to clean needles and syringes, along with information, counseling, and access to services is proven to successfully increase engagement in addiction services and reduce risks of HIV and Hepatitis infection. In 2017, the Syringe Access Fund awarded $2.4 million in grants to sixty-two organizations in thirty-two U.S. states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. In addition, EJAF also awarded multiple grants in Tijuana in Mexico, greater San Juan in Puerto Rico, and the states of North Carolina, Tennessee, and West Virginia, responding to evidence of potential HIV outbreaks in those locations.
Q: High-quality data and data visualizations are critical to making informed public health decisions. How do EJAF and its grantees use AIDSVu in its work?
A: AIDSVu provides an important source of information for EJAF and its grantees in terms of helping to create an accurate picture of the impact of HIV/AIDS in specific locations and regions and among different populations. This kind of information is so critical for local, state, regional, and national organizations in determining how and where they can best deploy their human and financial resources to have the highest possible impact on reducing HIV transmission and serving people most in need.
Q: National HIV Testing Day was on June 27th. How do you encourage testing across the U.S.?
A: Through our most recent grants, EJAF is supporting HIV testing at more than sixty organizations in the U.S. and the Caribbean. All of these EJAF grantees are promoting and providing HIV testing by targeting populations that are the most likely to be unaware of their HIV status: half are focusing efforts on injection drug users, thirty-two are focused on Black Americans in the southern U.S., thirty-five have a focus on gay men and/or MSM, and twenty are serving transgender people. EJAF renewed major grants to HIV testing efforts in Miami and Appalachia, supporting multi-year program development to have an impact in those locations. | Foundation.
Q: Elton John founded EJAF 25 years ago. How have the Foundation's grantmaking priorities evolved over time? What are the Foundation's current funding priorities in the U.S.?
A: When EJAF was first founded back in 1992, we still didn't have effective treatments for HIV/AIDS, and many people living with the disease had been abandoned by their families and were left to die on their own. In those early years, the primary focus of the Foundation's efforts was on providing emergency care and basic services to people in desperate need. Since that time, effective treatments have been developed, and we've learned that these treatments if taken properly such that HIV is reduced in the body below detectable levels, can also prevent the transmission of HIV. We also have new prevention methods, such as PrEP, to help people stay HIV negative.
Today, EJAF's mission is to end the AIDS epidemic by ensuring everyone has the information and means to prevent infection and all people living with HIV have access to high-quality medical care and treatment. At EJAF, we believe AIDS can be beaten. We act on that belief by raising funds for evidence-based programs and policies and also by speaking out with honesty and compassion about the realities of people's lives.
During 2017, the Foundation awarded nearly $9.5 million in grants to 152 organizations across the U.S. and Puerto Rico, as well as Canada, Colombia, Mexico, and the Caribbean. EJAF's grantmaking encompasses grassroots and community-based programs, regional partnerships, national strategies, and international cooperative efforts. The Foundation's grant making focuses on HIV prevention, harm reduction, community health and human rights empowerment campaigns, stigma eradication, and compassionate public policy development. EJAF also supports direct services for persons living with HIV/AIDS, including medical and mental health treatment, testing and counseling services, case management and social service coordination, legal aid, and professional training.
Q: In 2018, EJAF launched a new funding initiative to address HIV in Black Gay Men and | 429 |
This spacious ski-in/ski-out condo is perfect for your alpine escape to Breckenridge. It has all the necessities along with some fantastic bonuses which keep our guests coming back.
Access to slopeside hot tubs!
In an incredible ski-in/ski-out location, this suite is located at the base of Breckenridge Ski Resort's Peak 7. There is even a private stop on the BreckConnect Gondola which easily connects you to the village or to the base of Peak 8. This suite is elegantly furnished and provides a cozy space for a ski vacation in Breckenridge; ideal for 6 guests to have a blast.
There are 2 BEDROOMS in this unit, one of which offers a King bed, and the other may feature a variety of bedding configurations. Please let us know at the time of booking what you<|fim_middle|> more economical option visit The Lost Cajun for lunch or dinner and try the incredible lobster bisque paired with great service.
A credit card will be taken upon check-in and will be released after your departure provided there is no damage, items missings, or extra cleaning required.
A full end-of-stay clean is included, along with a mid-stay cleaning for a stay of 5 nights or more.
"We had a wonderful family weekend in Canmore thanks to the Leavetown team! They were so accommodating and vet easy and respectful to deal with. We had such a great experience we're no planning our Easter family weekend with Leavetown!"
"Quick and easy. All the info you need is right there. Very straight forward website, easy to use."
"Always like to book through Leavetown. Wonderful service so far." | would prefer and we will do our best to get you the perfect arrangement for your group. There is an additional sleeper sofa in the den, and a pull-out sofa bed in the living room.
Relax in the elegant LIVING AREA in front of the stone gas fireplace and watch a movie. There is a lovely DEN which makes this unit extra spacious. Accessed via the living room, there is a private balcony with fantastic views of Breckenridge to enjoy alongside your morning cup of coffee. No need to panic if you spill something on your snowsuit or your biking gear as there is a washer and dryer in the condo.
The fully-equipped KITCHEN has everything you need to cook up a storm. The housekeeping service available is a light room refresh, consisting of providing fresh towels and emptying trash bins so you can return to a tidy room after enjoying your day on the mountain.
There are 2 modern BATHROOMS, complete with shower, tub, toilet and vanity.
This stunning property is located at the lovely Crystal Peak Lodge which offers guests access to free Wi-Fi, multiple outdoor hot tubs (right on the slopes), a fitness room, games room with pool table, ski storage, outdoor patio with firepits, underground parking and personalized concierge services. Please note that the rates for this condo INCLUDE all resort fees!
Breckenridge ski resort is made up of 4 brilliant peaks and 2,300 acres of skiing terrain. Here you can downhill ski/snowboard, cross country ski, and go snowshoeing.
In the summer many of the ski lifts grant you access to amazing hiking trails, cycling trails, and excellent golfing amidst the wild mountain flowers.
If you're in the mood for a little history check out the old mining town in Edwin Carter Museum, which dates back to 1875.
The jeep tours of the ghost towns in the area are a real treat and a haven for photographers or those who like all things these unique slices of history.
Make sure to check out the festivals and events throughout the year like the Bluegrass and Beer Festival and the Breckenridge International Festival of Arts.
Located just a short gondola ride away, one of our favourite high-class restaurants in the Village is Hearthstone which is a beautiful Victorian home with 2 levels and incredible service. We highly recommend the lamb and the happy hour with appetizers is really worth a shot.
For a slightly | 494 |
At Vawter Financial we have a clear mission: ensure that our clients reach their financial goals. Whether it is preparing for a secure retirement, planning your estate, navigating through complex tax issues, or holistic advice on strengthening your financial health, our team is here for you.
Although our expertise is what got us here, it is our service that sets us apart. We take careful time developing an ongoing relationship with our clients rooted in trust, beginning with a no obligation 'let's get acquainted' introductory session. Once we have a clearer idea of your financial picture, our team will personalize a plan that will set you towards your long term goals. Life changes and we understand that. Which is why our team maintains continual communication with our clients. We plan regular meetings throughout the year and are available anytime in between to ensure that your plan is aligned with all of your long-term financial priorities. When you call, we pick up. Our clients may be spread from coast-to-coast, yet we pride ourselves on meeting each one individually.
As independent, Fee-Only advisors, Vawter Financial guarantees that our clients' interest will always be<|fim_middle|> steers you towards the financial life that you truly want. | put first. We do not push financial products. We do not receive commission. Our success comes from unbiased advice that | 23 |
LAPD investigating fatal officer-involved shooting
By Kelly Taylor Hayes
LOS ANGELES (CNS) - A woman was shot and killed Sunday by at least one officer from Newton Division in the Central City area of Los Angeles, a police spokesman said.
"About 9:30 a.m., officers from Newton Division responded to a call at 22nd Street and South San Pedro Street about a woman armed with some sort of blade,'' Los Angeles police spokesman Officer Mike Lopez said. "An officer-involved-shooting occurred and a knife was recovered at the scene.''
Paramedics were dispatched at 9:42 a.m. to a "reported shooting'' call in the 2100 block of South San Pedro Street. They rushed one person to a nearby hospital, said Brian Humphrey of the Los Angeles Fire Department.
"The woman, who about 30 years old, did not respond to treatment and she died at the hospital,'' Lopez said.
The shooting, he said, was being investigated by the LAPD's Force Investigation Division<|fim_middle|>-time college students can get 2 years of free tuition at Cal State universities if AB 1862 passes | and the Inspector General's office.
The officer-involved shooting was also being investigated by the Los Angeles county's District Attorney's Justice System Integrity Division's shooting team.
Newton Division is one of the first LAPD divisions where body cameras have been issued to officers, and Lopez said both officers were wearing body cams at the time of the OIS.
"Those cameras have been collected by the Force Investigation Division investigators, and will be analyzed for evidence,'' Lopez told City News Service.
Lopez said that San Pedro Street would be shut down from 21st Street to 23rd Street for the investigation.
Asked whether the woman who was fatally shot attacked the officers with her knife, Lopez responded that was an issue the Force Investigation unit would determine. Lopez also didn't know how many officers fired or how many rounds were used.
Reports from the scene indicated that a trainee officer and a supervisor were involved, but the LAPD spokesperson would not confirm that.
Copyright 2015 FOX 11 Los Angeles: Download our mobile app for breaking news alerts or to watch FOX 11 News | Follow us on Facebook, Twitter and YouTube.
First-time, full | 235 |
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