Datasets:
prompt stringlengths 53 3.73k | answer stringclasses 20
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value | messages_json stringlengths 140 3.85k | meta_json stringlengths 15 525 |
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Water is recycled constantly through which system?
Choices:
D. the ecosystem
F. the habitat
N. the hydropshere
E. the troposphere | D | sciq | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "Water is recycled constantly through which system?\n\nChoices:\nD. the ecosystem\nF. the habitat\nN. the hydropshere\nE. the troposphere"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{D}"}] | {"support": "Water is recycled constantly through the ecosystem. That means any water you drank today has been around for millions of years. You could be drinking water that was once drunk by George Washington, the first humans, or even the dinosaurs."} |
Which of the following statements is true?
Choices:
P. Acids and bases cannot mix together.
J. Acids donate hydroxide ions (OH–); bases donate hydrogen ions (H+).
H. Acids and bases will neutralize each other.
F. Acids, but not bases, can change the pH of a solution. | H | eduqg | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "Which of the following statements is true?\n\nChoices:\nP. Acids and bases cannot mix together.\nJ. Acids donate hydroxide ions (OH–); bases donate hydrogen ions (H+).\nH. Acids and bases will neutralize each other.\nF. Acids, but not bases, can change the pH of a solution."}, {"role": "as... | {"file": "eduqg_llm_formatted.csv", "row": 2982, "id": 2982, "original_answer": "B", "deduped_choices": true} |
What receives blood in the heart?
Choices:
F. ventricle
H. chamber
R. the epidermis
M. the atria | M | sciq | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "What receives blood in the heart?\n\nChoices:\nF. ventricle\nH. chamber\nR. the epidermis\nM. the atria"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{M}"}] | {"support": "The atria receive blood and the ventricles pump blood out of the heart."} |
When was Panic! at the Disco's seventh studio album, "Viva Las Vengeance," released?
Choices:
D. September 12, 2022
L. August 31, 2022
O. August 19, 2022
Q. September 30, 2022
T. August 1, 2022 | O | kaggle_llm_science | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "When was Panic! at the Disco's seventh studio album, \"Viva Las Vengeance,\" released?\n\nChoices:\nD. September 12, 2022\nL. August 31, 2022\nO. August 19, 2022\nQ. September 30, 2022\nT. August 1, 2022"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{O}"}] | {"variant": "hf_sangeetha"} |
What is the significance of the Preguiças Lighthouse, also known as the Mandacaru Lighthouse, in Maranhão, Brazil?
Choices:
N. The Preguiças Lighthouse is a historic landmark popular among tourists.
I. The Preguiças Lighthouse is used as a research facility for marine biology studies.
H. The Preguiças Lighthouse serve... | H | kaggle_llm_science | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "What is the significance of the Preguiças Lighthouse, also known as the Mandacaru Lighthouse, in Maranhão, Brazil?\n\nChoices:\nN. The Preguiças Lighthouse is a historic landmark popular among tourists.\nI. The Preguiças Lighthouse is used as a research facility for marine biology studies.... | {"variant": "hf_sangeetha"} |
Unlike other tetrapod vertebrates (reptiles, birds, and mammals), amphibians do not produce what type of eggs?
Choices:
C. umbilical
A. epithelial
B. prokaryotic
S. amniotic | S | sciq | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "Unlike other tetrapod vertebrates (reptiles, birds, and mammals), amphibians do not produce what type of eggs?\n\nChoices:\nC. umbilical\nA. epithelial\nB. prokaryotic\nS. amniotic"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{S}"}] | {"support": "Unlike other tetrapod vertebrates (reptiles, birds, and mammals), amphibians do not produce amniotic eggs. Therefore, they must lay their eggs in water so they won't dry out. Their eggs are usually covered in a jelly-like substance, like the frog eggs shown in Figure below . The jelly helps keep the eggs m... |
What type of organism, including sea stars and sand dollars, is named for their spiny skin?
Choices:
I. echinoderms
F. mollusks
C. diatoms
S. chordates | I | sciq | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "What type of organism, including sea stars and sand dollars, is named for their spiny skin?\n\nChoices:\nI. echinoderms\nF. mollusks\nC. diatoms\nS. chordates"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{I}"}] | {"support": "Echinoderms are named for their \"spiny skin. \" However, the spines aren't on their skin. They are part of the endoskeleton. The endoskeleton consists of calcium carbonate plates and spines, covered by a thin layer of skin. Adult echinoderms have radial symmetry. This is easy to see in the sea star and sa... |
What in saliva protects the lining of the mouth from abrasion and lubricates food for easier swallowing?
Choices:
P. hairs
A. phloem
F. spores
N. mucus | N | sciq | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "What in saliva protects the lining of the mouth from abrasion and lubricates food for easier swallowing?\n\nChoices:\nP. hairs\nA. phloem\nF. spores\nN. mucus"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{N}"}] | {"support": ""} |
Which of the following is NOT a projective test?
Choices:
R. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
J. Rorschach Inkblot Test
Q. Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank (RISB)
B. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) | R | eduqg | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "Which of the following is NOT a projective test?\n\nChoices:\nR. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)\nJ. Rorschach Inkblot Test\nQ. Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank (RISB)\nB. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{R}"}] | {"file": "eduqg_llm_formatted.csv", "row": 1147, "id": 1147, "original_answer": "A", "deduped_choices": true} |
What is measured by the intensity of the sound waves?
Choices:
L. tone
Q. loudness
K. pitch
G. inputs | Q | sciq | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "What is measured by the intensity of the sound waves?\n\nChoices:\nL. tone\nQ. loudness\nK. pitch\nG. inputs"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{Q}"}] | {"support": "Loudness refers to how loud or soft a sound seems to a listener. The loudness of sound is determined, in turn, by the intensity of the sound waves. Intensity is a measure of the amount of energy in sound waves. The unit of intensity is the decibel (dB) ."} |
What holds ionic and covalent compounds together?
Choices:
O. water
L. magnetic force
D. electrostatic attractions
B. gravity | D | sciq | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "What holds ionic and covalent compounds together?\n\nChoices:\nO. water\nL. magnetic force\nD. electrostatic attractions\nB. gravity"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{D}"}] | {"support": "Ionic and covalent compounds are held together by electrostatic attractions between oppositely charged particles. Describe the differences in the nature of the attractions in ionic and covalent compounds. Which class of compounds contains pairs of electrons shared between bonded atoms?."} |
Convection generally involves the transfer of what type of energy?
Choices:
M. thermal
B. sunlight
H. magnetic
P. radioactive | M | sciq | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "Convection generally involves the transfer of what type of energy?\n\nChoices:\nM. thermal\nB. sunlight\nH. magnetic\nP. radioactive"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{M}"}] | {"support": "Convection currents transfer thermal energy through many fluids, not just hot water in a pot. For example, convection currents transfer thermal energy through molten rock below Earth's surface, through water in the oceans, and through air in the atmosphere. Convection currents in the atmosphere create wind... |
What is the final product of the calvin cycle?
Choices:
J. chloride
K. energy
Q. insulin
I. glucose | I | sciq | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "What is the final product of the calvin cycle?\n\nChoices:\nJ. chloride\nK. energy\nQ. insulin\nI. glucose"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{I}"}] | {"support": "The reactions of the Calvin cycle add carbon (from carbon dioxide in the atmosphere) to a simple five-carbon molecule called RuBP. These reactions use chemical energy from NADPH and ATP that were produced in the light reactions. The final product of the Calvin cycle is glucose."} |
If a human only has 45 chromosomes it is most likely due to a mistake during what?
Choices:
J. mitosis
S. meiosis
C. plexus
K. testis | S | sciq | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "If a human only has 45 chromosomes it is most likely due to a mistake during what?\n\nChoices:\nJ. mitosis\nS. meiosis\nC. plexus\nK. testis"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{S}"}] | {"support": "So far we have focused on traits due to one gene or several genes. But what about many genes? 100s or 1000s of genes? What would happen if an entire chromosome were missing or duplicated? What if a human had only 45 chromosomes? Or 47? This real possibility is usually due to mistakes during meiosis; the ch... |
The vast majority of what phenomena occurs along one of three types of plate boundaries?
Choices:
C. tornados
T. earthquake
G. volcanoes
A. hurricane | T | sciq | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "The vast majority of what phenomena occurs along one of three types of plate boundaries?\n\nChoices:\nC. tornados\nT. earthquake\nG. volcanoes\nA. hurricane"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{T}"}] | {"support": "Nearly 95% of all earthquakes take place along one of the three types of plate boundaries. As you learned in the Plate Tectonics chapter, scientists use the location of earthquakes to draw plate boundaries."} |
The size of the solute particles determines the rate of what?
Choices:
C. solution
E. dissolving
O. extracting
H. merging | E | sciq | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "The size of the solute particles determines the rate of what?\n\nChoices:\nC. solution\nE. dissolving\nO. extracting\nH. merging"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{E}"}] | {"support": "The rate at which a solute dissolves depends upon the size of the solute particles. Dissolving is a surface phenomenon since it depends on solvent molecules colliding with the outer surface of the solute. A given quantity of solute dissolves faster when it is ground into small particles than if it is in th... |
Which feels hotter?
Choices:
T. 90 degrees Fahrenheit, high humidity
F. low temperature, high humidity
A. low temperature, low humidity
S. 90 degrees Fahrenheit, low humidity | T | openbookqa | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "Which feels hotter?\n\nChoices:\nT. 90 degrees Fahrenheit, high humidity\nF. low temperature, high humidity\nA. low temperature, low humidity\nS. 90 degrees Fahrenheit, low humidity"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{T}"}] | {"id": "12-121", "original_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]} |
What are the achievements of figure skater Georgi Kenchadze?
Choices:
C. Georgi Kenchadze is a former Bulgarian national silver medalist and a twin brother of a pair skater.
H. Georgi Kenchadze is a Georgian figure skater who is currently competing with his partner Sarah May Coward.
I. Georgi Kenchadze is a former Bul... | I | kaggle_llm_science | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "What are the achievements of figure skater Georgi Kenchadze?\n\nChoices:\nC. Georgi Kenchadze is a former Bulgarian national silver medalist and a twin brother of a pair skater.\nH. Georgi Kenchadze is a Georgian figure skater who is currently competing with his partner Sarah May Coward.\n... | {"variant": "hf_sangeetha"} |
A person may celebrate an equinox
Choices:
G. biannually
K. yearly
R. biyearly
N. monthly | G | openbookqa | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "A person may celebrate an equinox\n\nChoices:\nG. biannually\nK. yearly\nR. biyearly\nN. monthly"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{G}"}] | {"id": "10-265", "original_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]} |
Which of the following paradigms would consider movements such as Occupy Wall Street undesirable and unnecessarily forcing social change?
Choices:
F. Feminism
C. Conflict theory
Q. Symbolic interactionism
S. Functionalism | S | eduqg | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "Which of the following paradigms would consider movements such as Occupy Wall Street undesirable and unnecessarily forcing social change?\n\nChoices:\nF. Feminism\nC. Conflict theory\nQ. Symbolic interactionism\nS. Functionalism"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{S}"}] | {"file": "eduqg_llm_formatted.csv", "row": 2829, "id": 2829, "original_answer": "B", "deduped_choices": true} |
In resting neurons, the plasma membrane has many open potassium channels but few open of which other channels?
Choices:
Q. sodium
T. sulfur
J. silicon
L. oxygen | Q | sciq | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "In resting neurons, the plasma membrane has many open potassium channels but few open of which other channels?\n\nChoices:\nQ. sodium\nT. sulfur\nJ. silicon\nL. oxygen"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{Q}"}] | {"support": ""} |
What is the relationship between Pua Kele Kealoha and Warren Kealoha?
Choices:
B. Pua Kele Kealoha and Warren Kealoha are siblings.
I. Pua Kele Kealoha and Warren Kealoha are not related.
N. Pua Kele Kealoha and Warren Kealoha are cousins.
Q. Pua Kele Kealoha and Warren Kealoha are married.
J. Pua Kele Kealoha and War... | I | kaggle_llm_science | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "What is the relationship between Pua Kele Kealoha and Warren Kealoha?\n\nChoices:\nB. Pua Kele Kealoha and Warren Kealoha are siblings.\nI. Pua Kele Kealoha and Warren Kealoha are not related.\nN. Pua Kele Kealoha and Warren Kealoha are cousins.\nQ. Pua Kele Kealoha and Warren Kealoha are ... | {"variant": "hf_sangeetha"} |
There's more time to go for walks when
Choices:
B. it's winter
A. owls are hunting
S. there's an evacuation
T. it's summer | T | openbookqa | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "There's more time to go for walks when\n\nChoices:\nB. it's winter\nA. owls are hunting\nS. there's an evacuation\nT. it's summer"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{T}"}] | {"id": "14-1494", "original_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]} |
Mountain ranges, plateaus, and plains are features of what large landforms?
Choices:
K. continents
T. planets
E. Countries
J. States | K | sciq | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "Mountain ranges, plateaus, and plains are features of what large landforms?\n\nChoices:\nK. continents\nT. planets\nE. Countries\nJ. States"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{K}"}] | {"support": "Features of continents include mountain ranges, plateaus, and plains."} |
What kind of radiation can be used to disrupt the dna-rna protein synthesis cycle that allows bacteria to reproduce?
Choices:
K. microwave
J. infrared
F. non-ionizing
M. ionizing | M | sciq | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "What kind of radiation can be used to disrupt the dna-rna protein synthesis cycle that allows bacteria to reproduce?\n\nChoices:\nK. microwave\nJ. infrared\nF. non-ionizing\nM. ionizing"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{M}"}] | {"support": "Bacterial contamination in our food often makes the news. There are many bacteria present on raw food, especially raw meat. Campylobacter (pictured above), salmonella, and other microorganisms can be found, even after cooking if the meat has not been sufficiently exposed to the heat. Ionizing radiation can... |
What is the name of the first leaf developed inside an embryo?
Choices:
E. cotyledon
Q. polylepis
F. gastromyzon
T. exon | E | sciq | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "What is the name of the first leaf developed inside an embryo?\n\nChoices:\nE. cotyledon\nQ. polylepis\nF. gastromyzon\nT. exon"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{E}"}] | {"support": "The embryo develops from a fertilized egg. While still inside the seed, the embryo forms its first leaf (cotyledon) and starts to develop a stem (hypocotyl) and root (radicle)."} |
Where does the Californian white sage plant like to live?
Choices:
Q. In wet, muddy places
T. In cold, snowy mountains
M. In dry slopes with lots of sun
A. In deep, dark forests | M | eduadapt | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "Where does the Californian white sage plant like to live?\n\nChoices:\nQ. In wet, muddy places\nT. In cold, snowy mountains\nM. In dry slopes with lots of sun\nA. In deep, dark forests"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{M}"}] | {"id": 1554344, "title": "Salvia apiana", "grade_level": "grade 1 and 2", "question_index": 0} |
What is Christian Brückner known for?
Choices:
S. Christian Brückner is known for his work as a professional football player in the German Bundesliga.
T. Christian Brückner is known for his Nobel Prize-winning research in the field of physics.
C. Christian Brückner is known for his role as a detective in a popular Ger... | E | kaggle_llm_science | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "What is Christian Brückner known for?\n\nChoices:\nS. Christian Brückner is known for his work as a professional football player in the German Bundesliga.\nT. Christian Brückner is known for his Nobel Prize-winning research in the field of physics.\nC. Christian Brückner is known for his r... | {"variant": "hf_sangeetha"} |
What is another word for saturated hydrocarbons?
Choices:
K. aldehydes
Q. alkanes
B. catalysts
P. enzymes | Q | sciq | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "What is another word for saturated hydrocarbons?\n\nChoices:\nK. aldehydes\nQ. alkanes\nB. catalysts\nP. enzymes"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{Q}"}] | {"support": "Saturated hydrocarbons contain only single bonds between carbon atoms. They are also called alkanes. They may form straight-chain, branched-chain, or cyclic molecules. Compounds with the same number of atoms but different shapes are called isomers."} |
Lacking blood vessels, nerve endings, or glands, the epidermis is the outer layer of what?
Choices:
C. liver
H. lungs
G. skin
P. brain | G | sciq | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "Lacking blood vessels, nerve endings, or glands, the epidermis is the outer layer of what?\n\nChoices:\nC. liver\nH. lungs\nG. skin\nP. brain"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{G}"}] | {"support": "The epidermis is the outer layer of skin. It consists almost entirely of epithelial cells. There are no blood vessels, nerve endings, or glands in this skin layer. Nonetheless, this layer of skin is very active. It is constantly being renewed. How does this happen?."} |
What type of energy from a warm cola results in melting when it is transferred to the much colder ice?
Choices:
T. gaseous energy
G. protective energy
L. thermal energy
O. cyclic energy | L | sciq | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "What type of energy from a warm cola results in melting when it is transferred to the much colder ice?\n\nChoices:\nT. gaseous energy\nG. protective energy\nL. thermal energy\nO. cyclic energy"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{L}"}] | {"support": "How do you cool down a glass of room-temperature cola? You probably add ice cubes to it, as in the Figure below . You might think that the ice cools down the cola, but in fact, it works the other way around. The warm cola heats up the ice. Thermal energy from the warm cola is transferred to the much colder... |
What is the raw material for evolution by natural selection called?
Choices:
I. comparable variation
H. pattern variation
J. mutation
F. genetic variation | F | sciq | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "What is the raw material for evolution by natural selection called?\n\nChoices:\nI. comparable variation\nH. pattern variation\nJ. mutation\nF. genetic variation"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{F}"}] | {"support": ""} |
Bar, circle, and line are all types of what?
Choices:
R. graphs
Q. maps
H. theories
B. algorithms | R | sciq | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "Bar, circle, and line are all types of what?\n\nChoices:\nR. graphs\nQ. maps\nH. theories\nB. algorithms"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{R}"}] | {"support": "Descriptive statistics and graphs help organize data so patterns and trends are more apparent. Descriptive statistics include the mean and range. Types of graphs include bar, circle, and line graphs."} |
Some mutations lead to new versions of proteins that help organisms adapt to changes in their environment and are essential for evolution to occur. what are these mutations known as?
Choices:
C. superficial mutations
J. evolutionary mutations
P. provisional mutations
M. beneficial mutations | M | sciq | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "Some mutations lead to new versions of proteins that help organisms adapt to changes in their environment and are essential for evolution to occur. what are these mutations known as?\n\nChoices:\nC. superficial mutations\nJ. evolutionary mutations\nP. provisional mutations\nM. beneficial m... | {"support": "Some mutations have a positive effect on the organism in which they occur. They are called beneficial mutations. They lead to new versions of proteins that help organisms adapt to changes in their environment. Beneficial mutations are essential for evolution to occur. They increase an organism's changes of... |
What is a headshunt primarily used for in railway operations?
Choices:
J. Monitoring the speed of trains
G. Storing freight cars temporarily
T. Releasing locomotives at terminal platforms
H. Repairing locomotives
S. Allowing trains to change direction | T | kaggle_llm_science | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "What is a headshunt primarily used for in railway operations?\n\nChoices:\nJ. Monitoring the speed of trains\nG. Storing freight cars temporarily\nT. Releasing locomotives at terminal platforms\nH. Repairing locomotives\nS. Allowing trains to change direction"}, {"role": "assistant", "cont... | {"variant": "hf_sangeetha"} |
Evidence for the presence of what on mars makes scientists think that life might have existed there in the past?
Choices:
K. water
M. air
G. gas
E. plasma | K | sciq | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "Evidence for the presence of what on mars makes scientists think that life might have existed there in the past?\n\nChoices:\nK. water\nM. air\nG. gas\nE. plasma"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{K}"}] | {"support": "Curiosity, the rover, has found evidence of a flowing stream on Mars. Layers of smooth, water-polished pebbles have been photographed. This is exactly what you would see in a stream on Earth. There are many surface features that look like water-eroded canyons. Since there was liquid water on Mars, scientis... |
What is the population of Rollamienta, according to the 2004 census?
Choices:
L. The municipality had a population of 49 inhabitants.
F. The municipality had a population of 47 inhabitants.
G. The municipality had a population of 46 inhabitants.
J. The municipality had a population of 50 inhabitants.
Q. The municipali... | L | kaggle_llm_science | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "What is the population of Rollamienta, according to the 2004 census?\n\nChoices:\nL. The municipality had a population of 49 inhabitants.\nF. The municipality had a population of 47 inhabitants.\nG. The municipality had a population of 46 inhabitants.\nJ. The municipality had a population ... | {"variant": "hf_sangeetha"} |
The ability of an enzyme's active sites to bind only substrates of compatible shape and charge is known as what?
Choices:
J. specificity
S. specialty
D. selectivity
H. subjectivity | J | eduqg | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "The ability of an enzyme's active sites to bind only substrates of compatible shape and charge is known as what?\n\nChoices:\nJ. specificity\nS. specialty\nD. selectivity\nH. subjectivity"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{J}"}] | {"file": "eduqg_llm_formatted.csv", "row": 621, "id": 621, "original_answer": "B", "deduped_choices": true} |
What evolutionary process does not favor altruistic behavior that causes the death of the altruist?
Choices:
N. characteristic selection
P. flow selection
D. natural selection
B. random selection | D | sciq | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "What evolutionary process does not favor altruistic behavior that causes the death of the altruist?\n\nChoices:\nN. characteristic selection\nP. flow selection\nD. natural selection\nB. random selection"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{D}"}] | {"support": ""} |
X and y are the labels of what specialized human chromosomes?
Choices:
N. sex chromosomes
C. protein chromosomes
D. carb chromosomes
A. exotic chromosomes | N | sciq | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "X and y are the labels of what specialized human chromosomes?\n\nChoices:\nN. sex chromosomes\nC. protein chromosomes\nD. carb chromosomes\nA. exotic chromosomes"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{N}"}] | {"support": "The 24 human chromosomes. The autosomes are numbered 1 - 22, based on size, with chromosome 1 being the largest. The X and Y sex chromosomes are shown in the box."} |
What was James Albert Ogilvie Cleghorn's occupation in addition to being a professional ice hockey player?
Choices:
H. Cleghorn served as an important linesman, making critical calls during games.
J. Cleghorn was a successful coach, leading several teams to championship wins.
R. Cleghorn dedicated his time to being a ... | O | kaggle_llm_science | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "What was James Albert Ogilvie Cleghorn's occupation in addition to being a professional ice hockey player?\n\nChoices:\nH. Cleghorn served as an important linesman, making critical calls during games.\nJ. Cleghorn was a successful coach, leading several teams to championship wins.\nR. Cleg... | {"variant": "hf_sangeetha"} |
What's the most common disorder from having an extra chromosome?
Choices:
O. Williams syndrome
S. down syndrome
M. cri-du-chat syndrome
N. Turner syndrome | S | sciq | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "What's the most common disorder from having an extra chromosome?\n\nChoices:\nO. Williams syndrome\nS. down syndrome\nM. cri-du-chat syndrome\nN. Turner syndrome"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{S}"}] | {"support": "One common example of an extra-chromosome disorder is Down syndrome ( Figure below ). Children with Down syndrome are mentally disabled and also have physical deformities. Down syndrome occurs when a baby receives an extra chromosome 21 from one of his or her parents. Usually, a child will receive one chro... |
Convection is the transfer of thermal energy by particles moving through what?
Choices:
M. Metal
C. fluid
A. Solid
Q. tissue | C | sciq | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "Convection is the transfer of thermal energy by particles moving through what?\n\nChoices:\nM. Metal\nC. fluid\nA. Solid\nQ. tissue"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{C}"}] | {"support": "Convection is the transfer of thermal energy by particles moving through a fluid. Particles transfer energy by moving from warmer to cooler areas. That's how energy is transferred in the soup in Figure above . Particles of soup near the bottom of the pot get hot first. They have more energy so they spread ... |
What do the leaves and shoots of certain plants provide for domestic animals in very dry areas?
Choices:
I. Shelter
G. Fodder
N. Water
M. Medicine | G | eduadapt | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "What do the leaves and shoots of certain plants provide for domestic animals in very dry areas?\n\nChoices:\nI. Shelter\nG. Fodder\nN. Water\nM. Medicine"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{G}"}] | {"id": 52627022, "title": "Balanites rotundifolia", "grade_level": "grade 3 to 5", "question_index": 0} |
When was Mika Nakashima's album "Real" first released in Japan?
Choices:
P. March 1, 2013
H. February 15, 2013
J. January 30, 2013
Q. March 15, 2013
I. January 1, 2013 | J | kaggle_llm_science | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "When was Mika Nakashima's album \"Real\" first released in Japan?\n\nChoices:\nP. March 1, 2013\nH. February 15, 2013\nJ. January 30, 2013\nQ. March 15, 2013\nI. January 1, 2013"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{J}"}] | {"variant": "hf_sangeetha"} |
Where is the sole species of the monotypic plant genus Ixanthus endemic to?
Choices:
M. Ixanthus viscosus is endemic to the high mountains of the Himalayas.
E. Ixanthus viscosus is endemic to Canary Islands laurel fields.
Q. Ixanthus viscosus is endemic to Mediterranean coastal regions.
C. Ixanthus viscosus is endemic... | E | kaggle_llm_science | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "Where is the sole species of the monotypic plant genus Ixanthus endemic to?\n\nChoices:\nM. Ixanthus viscosus is endemic to the high mountains of the Himalayas.\nE. Ixanthus viscosus is endemic to Canary Islands laurel fields.\nQ. Ixanthus viscosus is endemic to Mediterranean coastal regio... | {"variant": "hf_sangeetha"} |
What is the significance of the final episode of The Colbert Report?
Choices:
S. The final episode of The Colbert Report introduces a new late-night comedy television series that replaces the show on Comedy Central.
K. The final episode of The Colbert Report showcases Stephen Colbert's singing abilities as he performs... | G | kaggle_llm_science | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "What is the significance of the final episode of The Colbert Report?\n\nChoices:\nS. The final episode of The Colbert Report introduces a new late-night comedy television series that replaces the show on Comedy Central.\nK. The final episode of The Colbert Report showcases Stephen Colbert'... | {"variant": "hf_sangeetha"} |
What is the solubility property of free phytosterols extracted from oils?
Choices:
I. Free phytosterols are relatively insoluble in oil.
A. Free phytosterols are insoluble in water.
J. Free phytosterols are soluble in alcohols.
Q. Free phytosterols are soluble in oil.
C. Free phytosterols are soluble in water. | I | kaggle_llm_science | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "What is the solubility property of free phytosterols extracted from oils?\n\nChoices:\nI. Free phytosterols are relatively insoluble in oil.\nA. Free phytosterols are insoluble in water.\nJ. Free phytosterols are soluble in alcohols.\nQ. Free phytosterols are soluble in oil.\nC. Free phyto... | {"variant": "hf_sangeetha"} |
If a tree falls in the forest, then gets covered in mud, it might form :
Choices:
E. charmin brand toilet paper
K. Houses for hairy sasquatch
T. Footprints on a beach
P. future imprints in rock | P | openbookqa | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "If a tree falls in the forest, then gets covered in mud, it might form :\n\nChoices:\nE. charmin brand toilet paper\nK. Houses for hairy sasquatch\nT. Footprints on a beach\nP. future imprints in rock"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{P}"}] | {"id": "10-79", "original_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]} |
What is Chizu's population density?
Choices:
G. Chizu's estimated population density is 2,699 persons per km².
R. Chizu's estimated population density is 76.90 persons per km².
L. Chizu's estimated population density is 199.18 persons per km².
F. Chizu's estimated population density is 29 persons per km².
Q. Chizu's e... | F | kaggle_llm_science | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "What is Chizu's population density?\n\nChoices:\nG. Chizu's estimated population density is 2,699 persons per km².\nR. Chizu's estimated population density is 76.90 persons per km².\nL. Chizu's estimated population density is 199.18 persons per km².\nF. Chizu's estimated population density... | {"variant": "hf_sangeetha"} |
What are epigenetic modifications?
Choices:
R. the addition of more nucleosomes to the DNA
L. the removal of nucleosomes from the DNA
F. mutation of the DNA sequence
P. the addition of reversible changes to histone proteins and DNA | P | eduqg | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "What are epigenetic modifications?\n\nChoices:\nR. the addition of more nucleosomes to the DNA\nL. the removal of nucleosomes from the DNA\nF. mutation of the DNA sequence\nP. the addition of reversible changes to histone proteins and DNA"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{P}"}] | {"file": "eduqg_llm_formatted.csv", "row": 1479, "id": 1479, "original_answer": "A", "deduped_choices": true} |
Soil forms where land areas are what?
Choices:
N. merging
S. flat
P. cool
G. solid | S | sciq | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "Soil forms where land areas are what?\n\nChoices:\nN. merging\nS. flat\nP. cool\nG. solid"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{S}"}] | {"support": "Weathered material washes off steep slopes and so does not stay in place to form soil. Soil forms where land areas are flat or gently undulating."} |
All but which one of the following are examples of secondary immunodeficiencies?
Choices:
I. chronic granulomatous disease
N. immunosuppression due to measles infection
A. HIV/AIDS
H. malnutrition | I | eduqg | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "All but which one of the following are examples of secondary immunodeficiencies?\n\nChoices:\nI. chronic granulomatous disease\nN. immunosuppression due to measles infection\nA. HIV/AIDS\nH. malnutrition"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{I}"}] | {"file": "eduqg_llm_formatted.csv", "row": 2078, "id": 2078, "original_answer": "C", "deduped_choices": true} |
Which of the following will help my non-electric lawnmower run?
Choices:
P. a cloudy day
C. dinosaur remains
K. an AC current
J. UV rays | C | openbookqa | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "Which of the following will help my non-electric lawnmower run?\n\nChoices:\nP. a cloudy day\nC. dinosaur remains\nK. an AC current\nJ. UV rays"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{C}"}] | {"id": "10-289", "original_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]} |
Mars appears red because of large amounts of which element in the soil?
Choices:
T. iron
Q. carbon
P. coal
G. mercury | T | sciq | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "Mars appears red because of large amounts of which element in the soil?\n\nChoices:\nT. iron\nQ. carbon\nP. coal\nG. mercury"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{T}"}] | {"support": "Viewed from Earth, Mars is red. This is due to large amounts of iron in the soil. The ancient Greeks and Romans named the planet Mars after the god of war because the planet's red color reminded them of blood. Mars has only a very thin atmosphere made up mostly of carbon dioxide."} |
What is Nathaniel Brassey Halhed known for?
Choices:
Q. Halhed was a prominent figure in the American Civil Rights movement.
G. Halhed was a renowned painter and sculptor in the Renaissance era.
D. Halhed was an English Orientalist and philologist.
B. Halhed was a famous poet and playwright during the Elizabethan peri... | D | kaggle_llm_science | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "What is Nathaniel Brassey Halhed known for?\n\nChoices:\nQ. Halhed was a prominent figure in the American Civil Rights movement.\nG. Halhed was a renowned painter and sculptor in the Renaissance era.\nD. Halhed was an English Orientalist and philologist.\nB. Halhed was a famous poet and pl... | {"variant": "hf_sangeetha"} |
What move the body by contracting against the skeleton?
Choices:
C. muscles
G. hormones
F. nerves
B. tissues | C | sciq | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "What move the body by contracting against the skeleton?\n\nChoices:\nC. muscles\nG. hormones\nF. nerves\nB. tissues"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{C}"}] | {"support": "Muscles move the body by contracting against the skeleton."} |
The oxygen regions of the water molecules have what kind of charge?
Choices:
Q. neutral
J. negative
S. certain
F. positive | J | sciq | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "The oxygen regions of the water molecules have what kind of charge?\n\nChoices:\nQ. neutral\nJ. negative\nS. certain\nF. positive"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{J}"}] | {"support": ""} |
What was the format of Luba's debut release, "Zorya"?
Choices:
A. CD
C. Cassette tape
P. 8-track tape
H. Digital download
D. Vinyl LP | D | kaggle_llm_science | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "What was the format of Luba's debut release, \"Zorya\"?\n\nChoices:\nA. CD\nC. Cassette tape\nP. 8-track tape\nH. Digital download\nD. Vinyl LP"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{D}"}] | {"variant": "hf_sangeetha"} |
What are sensory cells?
Choices:
L. specialized neurons or epithelial cells
D. specialized epithelial or squirm cells
E. specialized neurons or navigable cells
S. specialized neurons or squirm cells | L | sciq | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "What are sensory cells?\n\nChoices:\nL. specialized neurons or epithelial cells\nD. specialized epithelial or squirm cells\nE. specialized neurons or navigable cells\nS. specialized neurons or squirm cells"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{L}"}] | {"support": ""} |
Acid rain is corrosive rain caused by rainwater falling to the ground through which gas?
Choices:
O. sulfide dioxide
Q. essential dioxide
S. carbon dioxide
A. sulfur dioxide | A | sciq | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "Acid rain is corrosive rain caused by rainwater falling to the ground through which gas?\n\nChoices:\nO. sulfide dioxide\nQ. essential dioxide\nS. carbon dioxide\nA. sulfur dioxide"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{A}"}] | {"support": "Sulfur enters the ocean in runoff from land, from atmospheric fallout, and from underwater geothermal vents. Some ecosystems rely on chemoautotrophs using sulfur as a biological energy source. This sulfur then supports marine ecosystems in the form of sulfates. Human activities have played a major role in ... |
Hundreds of organelles called myofibrils, made up of two types of protein filaments, are contained in each fiber of what?
Choices:
R. cartilage
O. hair
A. muscle
K. bone | A | sciq | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "Hundreds of organelles called myofibrils, made up of two types of protein filaments, are contained in each fiber of what?\n\nChoices:\nR. cartilage\nO. hair\nA. muscle\nK. bone"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{A}"}] | {"support": "Each muscle fiber contains hundreds of organelles called myofibrils . Each myofibril is made up of two types of protein filaments: actin filaments, which are thinner, and myosin filaments, which are thicker. Actin filaments are anchored to structures called Z lines (see Figure below ). The region between t... |
A cup of cold coffee will warm up when heat is applied such as through
Choices:
A. an electrical plate
Q. a wood table
L. a metal chair
I. a flat napkin | A | openbookqa | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "A cup of cold coffee will warm up when heat is applied such as through\n\nChoices:\nA. an electrical plate\nQ. a wood table\nL. a metal chair\nI. a flat napkin"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{A}"}] | {"id": "11-272", "original_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]} |
A frog will hibernate by burying itself in mud, freezing, then thawing again in the spring. The only of these that also go through a somewhat similar process in cold times is
Choices:
K. rats
E. people
R. grizzlies
I. doves | R | openbookqa | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "A frog will hibernate by burying itself in mud, freezing, then thawing again in the spring. The only of these that also go through a somewhat similar process in cold times is\n\nChoices:\nK. rats\nE. people\nR. grizzlies\nI. doves"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{R}"}] | {"id": "10-811", "original_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]} |
The vertebrate circulatory system enables blood to deliver ________ and remove wastes throughout the body.
Choices:
D. fluid and nutrients
S. acid and nutrients
G. oxygen and nutrients
F. hydrogen and nutrients | G | sciq | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "The vertebrate circulatory system enables blood to deliver ________ and remove wastes throughout the body.\n\nChoices:\nD. fluid and nutrients\nS. acid and nutrients\nG. oxygen and nutrients\nF. hydrogen and nutrients"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{G}"}] | {"support": ""} |
A person is going to freeze on a cold night. The person looks for something to ignite for a source of warmth, and chooses the best option,
Choices:
R. live frogs
P. dry cheese
I. dry switches
T. old stones | I | openbookqa | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "A person is going to freeze on a cold night. The person looks for something to ignite for a source of warmth, and chooses the best option,\n\nChoices:\nR. live frogs\nP. dry cheese\nI. dry switches\nT. old stones"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{I}"}] | {"id": "10-921", "original_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]} |
While smooth muscle tissue can regenerate from stem cells called pericytes, dead cardiac muscle tissue is replaced by what type of tissue?
Choices:
E. embryo tissue
R. neon tissue
S. scar tissue
H. Maximum | S | sciq | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "While smooth muscle tissue can regenerate from stem cells called pericytes, dead cardiac muscle tissue is replaced by what type of tissue?\n\nChoices:\nE. embryo tissue\nR. neon tissue\nS. scar tissue\nH. Maximum"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{S}"}] | {"support": "10.9 Development and Regeneration of Muscle Tissue Muscle tissue arises from embryonic mesoderm. Somites give rise to myoblasts and fuse to form a myotube. The nucleus of each contributing myoblast remains intact in the mature skeletal muscle cell, resulting in a mature, multinucleate cell. Satellite cells... |
What is the genre of the film 555 directed by Wally Koz according to the provided Wikipedia excerpt?
Choices:
C. Comedy
F. Thriller
K. Horror
J. Romance
H. Action | K | kaggle_llm_science | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "What is the genre of the film 555 directed by Wally Koz according to the provided Wikipedia excerpt?\n\nChoices:\nC. Comedy\nF. Thriller\nK. Horror\nJ. Romance\nH. Action"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{K}"}] | {"variant": "hf_sangeetha"} |
Water is a versatile solvent that can dissolve many ionic and polar molecular solutes to make what?
Choices:
M. sulfide solutions
Q. sulfate solutions
D. chloride solutions
G. aqueous solutions | G | sciq | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "Water is a versatile solvent that can dissolve many ionic and polar molecular solutes to make what?\n\nChoices:\nM. sulfide solutions\nQ. sulfate solutions\nD. chloride solutions\nG. aqueous solutions"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{G}"}] | {"support": "Water is a versatile solvent that can dissolve many ionic and polar molecular solutes to make aqueous solutions."} |
What is the upper most level of earth's layers called?
Choices:
O. mantle
M. crust
A. surface
K. volcanic | M | sciq | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "What is the upper most level of earth's layers called?\n\nChoices:\nO. mantle\nM. crust\nA. surface\nK. volcanic"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{M}"}] | {"support": "You can't go to the mantle but small pieces of the mantle can come to you. Kimberlite forms deep in the mantle and is erupted violently into the crust. Kimberlite can contain diamonds. Most kimberlites reached the surface much earlier in Earth history."} |
Which of the formed elements arise from myeloid stem cells?
Choices:
P. platelets
B. natural killer cells
T. B cells
N. all of the above | P | eduqg | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "Which of the formed elements arise from myeloid stem cells?\n\nChoices:\nP. platelets\nB. natural killer cells\nT. B cells\nN. all of the above"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{P}"}] | {"file": "eduqg_llm_formatted.csv", "row": 3352, "id": 3352, "original_answer": "C", "deduped_choices": true} |
What is the term used to describe the liquid that moves through the vessels and includes plasma and the cells and sell fragments called platelets?
Choices:
P. water
I. pus
L. blood
S. bacteria | L | sciq | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "What is the term used to describe the liquid that moves through the vessels and includes plasma and the cells and sell fragments called platelets?\n\nChoices:\nP. water\nI. pus\nL. blood\nS. bacteria"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{L}"}] | {"support": "40.2 | Components of the Blood By the end of this section, you will be able to: • List the basic components of the blood • Compare red and white blood cells • Describe blood plasma and serum Hemoglobin is responsible for distributing oxygen, and to a lesser extent, carbon dioxide, throughout the circulator... |
If I wanted to disguise myself, what might be something I do?
Choices:
H. Nothing
B. Color my epidermis
I. Take off clothes
E. Smile | B | openbookqa | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "If I wanted to disguise myself, what might be something I do?\n\nChoices:\nH. Nothing\nB. Color my epidermis\nI. Take off clothes\nE. Smile"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{B}"}] | {"id": "12-1029", "original_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]} |
What are the two types of fatty acids?
Choices:
S. hydrochloric and carboxylic
L. saturated and unsaturated
R. saturated and biodegradable
K. saturated and endogenous | L | sciq | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "What are the two types of fatty acids?\n\nChoices:\nS. hydrochloric and carboxylic\nL. saturated and unsaturated\nR. saturated and biodegradable\nK. saturated and endogenous"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{L}"}] | {"support": "A lipid is an organic compound such as fat or oil. Organisms use lipids to store energy, but lipids have other important roles as well. Lipids consist of repeating units called fatty acids. There are two types of fatty acids: saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids."} |
What is the relationship between the novel "Isaac Asimov's Robot City: Odyssey" and the computer game Robot City?
Choices:
Q. The computer game Robot City is a sequel to the novel "Isaac Asimov's Robot City: Odyssey".
H. The novel "Isaac Asimov's Robot City: Odyssey" was inspired by the computer game Robot City.
C. Th... | C | kaggle_llm_science | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "What is the relationship between the novel \"Isaac Asimov's Robot City: Odyssey\" and the computer game Robot City?\n\nChoices:\nQ. The computer game Robot City is a sequel to the novel \"Isaac Asimov's Robot City: Odyssey\".\nH. The novel \"Isaac Asimov's Robot City: Odyssey\" was inspire... | {"variant": "hf_sangeetha"} |
What is the function of the protein encoded by the OR8D4 gene in humans, according to Wikipedia?
Choices:
Q. The protein encoded by the OR8D4 gene regulates gene expression in humans.
K. The protein encoded by the OR8D4 gene is responsible for blood coagulation in humans.
B. The protein encoded by the OR8D4 gene media... | B | kaggle_llm_science | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "What is the function of the protein encoded by the OR8D4 gene in humans, according to Wikipedia?\n\nChoices:\nQ. The protein encoded by the OR8D4 gene regulates gene expression in humans.\nK. The protein encoded by the OR8D4 gene is responsible for blood coagulation in humans.\nB. The prot... | {"variant": "hf_sangeetha"} |
The axon terminates on muscle fibers at the neuromuscular junction. acetylcholine is released at this specialized synapse, which causes the muscle action potential to begin, following a large potential known as an end plate potential. when the lower motor neuron excites the muscle fiber, it contracts. all of this occur... | G | sciq | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "The axon terminates on muscle fibers at the neuromuscular junction. acetylcholine is released at this specialized synapse, which causes the muscle action potential to begin, following a large potential known as an end plate potential. when the lower motor neuron excites the muscle fiber, i... | {"support": "described in the chapter on muscle tissue, an action potential travels along the motor neuron axon into the periphery. The axon terminates on muscle fibers at the neuromuscular junction. Acetylcholine is released at this specialized synapse, which causes the muscle action potential to begin, following a la... |
The longest period of daylight hours occurs at the beginning of what season?
Choices:
L. winter
K. summer
R. spring
N. autumn | K | sciq | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "The longest period of daylight hours occurs at the beginning of what season?\n\nChoices:\nL. winter\nK. summer\nR. spring\nN. autumn"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{K}"}] | {"support": ""} |
What is the preferred winter roosting habitat for Savi's pipistrelle?
Choices:
I. Underground vaults
S. Rock crevices
K. Holes in trees
D. Old buildings
L. Bark | I | kaggle_llm_science | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "What is the preferred winter roosting habitat for Savi's pipistrelle?\n\nChoices:\nI. Underground vaults\nS. Rock crevices\nK. Holes in trees\nD. Old buildings\nL. Bark"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{I}"}] | {"variant": "hf_sangeetha"} |
A hurricane will develop largest nearer a sea because of
Choices:
H. fluid uiclarity
R. liquid amounts
C. water color
S. water smell | R | openbookqa | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "A hurricane will develop largest nearer a sea because of\n\nChoices:\nH. fluid uiclarity\nR. liquid amounts\nC. water color\nS. water smell"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{R}"}] | {"id": "11-682", "original_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]} |
How is Hobrede, a village in the Dutch province of North Holland, related to the municipality of Edam-Volendam?
Choices:
T. Hobrede is geographically located within the boundaries of Edam-Volendam.
L. Hobrede has no direct relationship with the municipality of Edam-Volendam.
A. Hobrede is a neighboring village of Edam... | K | kaggle_llm_science | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "How is Hobrede, a village in the Dutch province of North Holland, related to the municipality of Edam-Volendam?\n\nChoices:\nT. Hobrede is geographically located within the boundaries of Edam-Volendam.\nL. Hobrede has no direct relationship with the municipality of Edam-Volendam.\nA. Hobre... | {"variant": "hf_sangeetha"} |
Autoimmunity can develop with time, and its causes may be rooted in this?
Choices:
C. resistance
O. molecular mimicry
E. inheritance
D. spontaneous mutation | O | sciq | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "Autoimmunity can develop with time, and its causes may be rooted in this?\n\nChoices:\nC. resistance\nO. molecular mimicry\nE. inheritance\nD. spontaneous mutation"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{O}"}] | {"support": "Autoimmunity can develop with time, and its causes may be rooted in molecular mimicry. Antibodies and TCRs may bind self antigens that are structurally similar to pathogen antigens, which the immune receptors first raised. As an example, infection with Streptococcus pyogenes (bacterium that causes strep th... |
Pit bulls thin their thicker coats by
Choices:
B. getting a haircut
D. selling
G. shedding
P. shaving | G | openbookqa | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "Pit bulls thin their thicker coats by\n\nChoices:\nB. getting a haircut\nD. selling\nG. shedding\nP. shaving"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{G}"}] | {"id": "14-1460", "original_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]} |
What is the agreement that citizens will consent to be governed so long as government protects their natural rights?
Choices:
E. due process
O. the social contract
A. a bill of rights
G. the divine right of kings | A | eduqg | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "What is the agreement that citizens will consent to be governed so long as government protects their natural rights?\n\nChoices:\nE. due process\nO. the social contract\nA. a bill of rights\nG. the divine right of kings"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{A}"}] | {"file": "eduqg_llm_formatted.csv", "row": 1535, "id": 1535, "original_answer": "C", "deduped_choices": true} |
A creature is able to receive nutriment throughout their limbs due to
Choices:
N. oranges
E. arteries
H. arms
K. jeans | E | openbookqa | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "A creature is able to receive nutriment throughout their limbs due to\n\nChoices:\nN. oranges\nE. arteries\nH. arms\nK. jeans"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{E}"}] | {"id": "14-952", "original_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]} |
What was the ownership status of KNBU, a radio station based in Baldwin City, Kansas?
Choices:
P. KNBU was a community-owned radio station licensed to Baldwin City, Kansas, United States.
B. KNBU was owned and operated by a commercial entity in Baldwin City, Kansas, United States.
E. KNBU was owned and operated by a p... | J | kaggle_llm_science | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "What was the ownership status of KNBU, a radio station based in Baldwin City, Kansas?\n\nChoices:\nP. KNBU was a community-owned radio station licensed to Baldwin City, Kansas, United States.\nB. KNBU was owned and operated by a commercial entity in Baldwin City, Kansas, United States.\nE.... | {"variant": "hf_sangeetha"} |
Bats hunt through echolocation because
Choices:
Q. echoes are a form of sound
T. their chirps are sent back after bouncing
D. they enjoy listening to echoes
J. bats can only hear echoes | T | openbookqa | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "Bats hunt through echolocation because\n\nChoices:\nQ. echoes are a form of sound\nT. their chirps are sent back after bouncing\nD. they enjoy listening to echoes\nJ. bats can only hear echoes"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{T}"}] | {"id": "7-836", "original_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]} |
A person is lost in a dense forest, and needs to find their home. They know their home is to the south, and they are headed north. They can find home by using a
Choices:
L. northern light reader
Q. northern-directing device
B. northeastern winds
M. north central credit | Q | openbookqa | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "A person is lost in a dense forest, and needs to find their home. They know their home is to the south, and they are headed north. They can find home by using a\n\nChoices:\nL. northern light reader\nQ. northern-directing device\nB. northeastern winds\nM. north central credit"}, {"role": "... | {"id": "9-872", "original_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]} |
A plant will have difficulty growing larger if it is held away from
Choices:
N. liquid
F. ice
L. corn
J. poison | N | openbookqa | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "A plant will have difficulty growing larger if it is held away from\n\nChoices:\nN. liquid\nF. ice\nL. corn\nJ. poison"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{N}"}] | {"id": "10-927", "original_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]} |
What type of motor is used in most household devices with moving parts?
Choices:
I. thermal motors
J. vacuum motors
G. cooling motors
H. electric motors | H | sciq | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "What type of motor is used in most household devices with moving parts?\n\nChoices:\nI. thermal motors\nJ. vacuum motors\nG. cooling motors\nH. electric motors"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{H}"}] | {"support": "Many common electric devices contain electromagnets. Some examples include hair dryers, fans, CD players, telephones, and doorbells. Most electric devices that have moving parts contain electric motors. You can read below how doorbells and electric motors use electromagnets."} |
How did Jamaica perform at the 2019 Parapan American Games in Lima, Peru?
Choices:
S. Jamaica won two silver medals and two bronze medals, finishing in 20th place in the medal table.
Q. Jamaica did not win any medals at the games.
B. Jamaica won a total of seven medals, surpassing their previous record.
J. Jamaica won... | S | kaggle_llm_science | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "How did Jamaica perform at the 2019 Parapan American Games in Lima, Peru?\n\nChoices:\nS. Jamaica won two silver medals and two bronze medals, finishing in 20th place in the medal table.\nQ. Jamaica did not win any medals at the games.\nB. Jamaica won a total of seven medals, surpassing th... | {"variant": "hf_sangeetha"} |
Context:
Let us examine the changing pattern of India's International trade. In 1950-51, India's external
trade was worth Rs.1,214 crore, which rose to Rs. 44,29,762 crore in 2016-17. Can you
calculate the percentage growth in 2016- 17 over 1950-51? There are numerous reasons for
this sharp rise in overseas trade, such... | S | ncert_mcqs | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "Context:\nLet us examine the changing pattern of India's International trade. In 1950-51, India's external\ntrade was worth Rs.1,214 crore, which rose to Rs. 44,29,762 crore in 2016-17. Can you\ncalculate the percentage growth in 2016- 17 over 1950-51? There are numerous reasons for\nthis ... | {"row": 98, "item": 12} |
Which of these shunts exists between the right and left atria?
Choices:
E. ductus venosus
J. ductus arteriosis
D. foramen venosus
R. foramen ovale | R | eduqg | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "Which of these shunts exists between the right and left atria?\n\nChoices:\nE. ductus venosus\nJ. ductus arteriosis\nD. foramen venosus\nR. foramen ovale"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{R}"}] | {"file": "eduqg_llm_formatted.csv", "row": 2604, "id": 2604, "original_answer": "A", "deduped_choices": true} |
Which type of nutrient uptake involves the engulfment of small dissolved molecules into vesicles?
Choices:
I. active transport
F. receptor-mediated endocytosis
N. pinocytosis
O. facilitated diffusion | N | eduqg | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "Which type of nutrient uptake involves the engulfment of small dissolved molecules into vesicles?\n\nChoices:\nI. active transport\nF. receptor-mediated endocytosis\nN. pinocytosis\nO. facilitated diffusion"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{N}"}] | {"file": "eduqg_llm_formatted.csv", "row": 1796, "id": 1796, "original_answer": "B", "deduped_choices": true} |
Potential energy is present in objects that are what?
Choices:
N. rigid
G. unstable
C. crystals
M. elastic | M | sciq | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "Potential energy is present in objects that are what?\n\nChoices:\nN. rigid\nG. unstable\nC. crystals\nM. elastic"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{M}"}] | {"support": "Potential energy is present in objects that are ______________."} |
If all the water in the Atlantic ocean evaporated, the Atlantic ocean will
Choices:
F. become a lake
N. get bigger
B. get smaller
J. cease to exist | J | openbookqa | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "If all the water in the Atlantic ocean evaporated, the Atlantic ocean will\n\nChoices:\nF. become a lake\nN. get bigger\nB. get smaller\nJ. cease to exist"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{J}"}] | {"id": "13-1043", "original_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]} |
What is the main focus of Daniel Dennett's book Breaking the Spell: Religion as a Natural Phenomenon?
Choices:
D. The book argues that religious belief is off-limits to or beyond scientific inquiry, challenging the idea that it can be studied.
B. The book advocates for the scientific analysis of religion, seeking a be... | B | kaggle_llm_science | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "What is the main focus of Daniel Dennett's book Breaking the Spell: Religion as a Natural Phenomenon?\n\nChoices:\nD. The book argues that religious belief is off-limits to or beyond scientific inquiry, challenging the idea that it can be studied.\nB. The book advocates for the scientific ... | {"variant": "hf_sangeetha"} |
Which of the following best describes the innate nonspecific immune system?
Choices:
B. a targeted and highly specific response to a single pathogen or molecule
S. a set of barrier mechanisms that adapts to specific pathogens after repeated exposure
R. the production of antibody molecules against pathogens
M. a genera... | M | eduqg | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "Which of the following best describes the innate nonspecific immune system?\n\nChoices:\nB. a targeted and highly specific response to a single pathogen or molecule\nS. a set of barrier mechanisms that adapts to specific pathogens after repeated exposure\nR. the production of antibody mole... | {"file": "eduqg_llm_formatted.csv", "row": 1574, "id": 1574, "original_answer": "B", "deduped_choices": true} |
The increase in transport ability may increase the available types of
Choices:
I. education
R. internet
T. grains
C. houses | T | openbookqa | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "The increase in transport ability may increase the available types of\n\nChoices:\nI. education\nR. internet\nT. grains\nC. houses"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{T}"}] | {"id": "9-375", "original_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]} |
How many races were held during the 2016 Wilson Security Sandown 500?
Choices:
J. Four races of equal length.
G. One race of 445 kilometers in length.
S. Three races of varying lengths.
C. Five races, including the Sandown 500.
O. Two races of equal length. | G | kaggle_llm_science | train | [{"role": "user", "content": "How many races were held during the 2016 Wilson Security Sandown 500?\n\nChoices:\nJ. Four races of equal length.\nG. One race of 445 kilometers in length.\nS. Three races of varying lengths.\nC. Five races, including the Sandown 500.\nO. Two races of equal length."}, {"role": "assistant",... | {"variant": "hf_sangeetha"} |
End of preview. Expand in Data Studio
General Knowledge SFT Dataset
This dataset contains the exact train and validation data used for the general knowledge LoRA SFT model in the MNLP project Specialize and Merge: Post Training Qwen3-1.7B for Multi Skill Reasoning.
The dataset has two splits.
| Split | Rows | Purpose |
|---|---|---|
| train | 26,120 | LoRA SFT training split |
| valid | 2,000 | LoRA SFT validation split |
Sources
The SFT data was built from six multiple-choice educational and science-oriented sources.
| Source | Train | Valid | Main coverage |
|---|---|---|---|
| EduAdapt | 388 | 17 | Educational multiple-choice questions |
| EduQG | 3,200 | 121 | School and science question generation data |
| Kaggle LLM Science | 6,342 | 223 | Science exam questions |
| NCERT_MCQs | 435 | 15 | Textbook-style school MCQs |
| OpenBookQA | 4,697 | 532 | Elementary science and open-book reasoning |
| SciQ | 11,058 | 1,092 | Crowdsourced science questions |
Preprocessing
All sources were converted into the same multiple-choice schema: a question, a list of answer choices, and one correct answer. We removed examples that could not be converted reliably, such as rows with missing questions, missing choices, missing answer keys, answer keys that did not point to any choice, or too few valid choices. We also removed duplicate examples. For sources where the same distractor text appeared more than once, we kept one copy of the repeated choice.
To match the TA benchmark interface, which can use option labels up to A to T, we randomly relabeled the answer choices with labels from A to T while preserving the correct answer text. We then constructed the final splits by uniformly sampling examples for each correct label. The train split contains exactly 1,306 examples for each correct label from A to T. The valid split contains exactly 100 examples for each correct label from A to T.
Format
Each row contains:
| Column | Description |
|---|---|
| prompt | User-facing multiple-choice prompt |
| answer | Correct answer letter |
| source | Original source dataset |
| split | train or valid |
| messages_json | JSON string containing the chat messages used for SFT |
| meta_json | JSON string containing auxiliary metadata |
The SFT user message follows this pattern:
Question text
Choices:
D. option text
N. option text
C. option text
O. option text
The assistant target is always exactly one boxed letter, for example:
\boxed{D}
During training, completion-only SFT was used. The system message, user prompt, question, choices, and chat-template tokens were masked. Cross-entropy loss was applied only to the final assistant boxed answer.
System prompt
The general knowledge specialist used a fixed system prompt instructing the model to choose exactly one option and return only one boxed letter, such as \boxed{A}, \boxed{C}, \boxed{J}, or \boxed{T}, with no explanation or extra text.
Related benchmark dataset
The held-out model-selection benchmarks are stored separately in:
cs-552-2026-databand/general_knowledge_benchmark
They were not used for SFT training.
Dataset citations and source references
Kaggle LLM Science Exam: Kaggle. LLM Science Exam. https://www.kaggle.com/competitions/kaggle-llm-science-exam
EduQG: nlztrk. EduQG Dataset, LLM Science Exam Format, 34k. Kaggle dataset. https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/nlztrk/eduqg-dataset-llm-science-exam-format-34k
EduAdapt: EduAdapt multiple-choice educational question data, as used in the project preprocessing pipeline. https://huggingface.co/datasets/notefill/eduadapt
NCERT_MCQs: NCERT textbook-derived multiple-choice questions, as used in the project preprocessing pipeline. https://huggingface.co/datasets/goenkalokesh/NCERT_MCQs/blob/main/NCERT_MCQs.csv
OpenBookQA: Mihaylov, T., Clark, P., Khot, T., and Sabharwal, A. 2018. Can a Suit of Armor Conduct Electricity? A New Dataset for Open Book Question Answering. EMNLP 2018. https://allenai.org/data/open-book-qa
SciQ: Welbl, J., Liu, N. F., and Gardner, M. 2017. Crowdsourcing Multiple Choice Science Questions. Workshop on Noisy User-generated Text. https://allenai.org/data/sciq
Intended use
This dataset is intended for reproducibility of the MNLP general knowledge specialist. It is suitable for multiple-choice answer selection experiments where the model must return a boxed option letter.
Limitations
This dataset is built from public educational and science-oriented multiple-choice sources, so its coverage is strongest for school-level science, textbook-style facts, and commonsense questions. It is not a complete factual knowledge dataset, and it does not guarantee reliable performance on specialized professional domains such as medicine, law, or finance. Because the examples come from different original sources, their licensing and annotation quality may vary. The dataset should therefore be used for reproducible model training and evaluation, not as an expert system or a high-stakes assessment tool.
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