Datasets:

cyang33
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LingGym

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-Question 0:
-You are a linguist specializing in Yauyos Quechua. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option.
-Sentence (with missing item): prima-y Amacia-ta-pis chay-hina-shi-ki intriga-yku-ru-rqa ___
-Gloss (with missing item): cousin-1 Amacia-ACC-ADD DEM.D-COMP-EVR-IKI deliver-EXCEP-URGT-PST ___
-The English translation of this sentence is:They delivered my cousin Amacia, too [to the Devil], they say. How awful!
-Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: All spontaneously attested indigenous exclamations share a common pattern: they begin with \phono{a} and end in \phono{w} or, less commonly, in \phono{k} or \phono{y}, as in ~(\ref{TI:¡Atratráw!}-\ref{TI:¡Atratrák!}); with the exception of the final \phono{w}, they feature almost exclusively the alveolar and palatal consonants \phono{ch}, \phono{ll}, \phono{l}, \phono{n}, \phono{ñ}, \phono{t}, and \phono{y} (which accounts for the entire catalogue of \SYQ{} alveolars and palatals with the exception of voiceless fricatives \phono{s}, \phono{sh}, and retroflex \phono{tr}); they include no vowels except for \phono{a}; they consist, with few exceptions, of three or four syllables; and they bear stress on the final syllable. Syllable repetition is not uncommon. Non-exclamatory interjections do not follow this pattern, like in ~(\ref{TI:¡Hinata!}) and (\ref{TI:¡Pay!}). Curse words are freely borrowed from Spanish~(\ref{TI:¡Karay!}--\ref{TI:¡Miyrda!}). Table~\ref{Tab:Inter} lists some of the more commonly-heard interjections. (\ref{Glo5:Primay}--\ref{Glo5:Achachaw}) give a few examples in context.\\
-A: word: achacháw	 gloss: ouch
-B: word: achachalláw	 gloss: how.awful
-C: word: sumaq-lla	 gloss: pretty-RSTR
-D: word: maldisyaw	 gloss: damned
-Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
-Correct Answer: B
-Question 1:
-You are a linguist specializing in Yauyos Quechua. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option.
-Sentence (with missing item): ___ Apurí-man lapcha-ru-n kichka-ta
-Gloss (with missing item): ___ Apurí-ALL grab-URGT-3 thorn-ACC
-The English translation of this sentence is:Ouch! She grabbed onto a thorn bush [going to] Apurí.
-Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: All spontaneously attested indigenous exclamations share a common pattern: they begin with \phono{a} and end in \phono{w} or, less commonly, in \phono{k} or \phono{y}, as in ~(\ref{TI:¡Atratráw!}-\ref{TI:¡Atratrák!}); with the exception of the final \phono{w}, they feature almost exclusively the alveolar and palatal consonants \phono{ch}, \phono{ll}, \phono{l}, \phono{n}, \phono{ñ}, \phono{t}, and \phono{y} (which accounts for the entire catalogue of \SYQ{} alveolars and palatals with the exception of voiceless fricatives \phono{s}, \phono{sh}, and retroflex \phono{tr}); they include no vowels except for \phono{a}; they consist, with few exceptions, of three or four syllables; and they bear stress on the final syllable. Syllable repetition is not uncommon. Non-exclamatory interjections do not follow this pattern, like in ~(\ref{TI:¡Hinata!}) and (\ref{TI:¡Pay!}). Curse words are freely borrowed from Spanish~(\ref{TI:¡Karay!}--\ref{TI:¡Miyrda!}). Table~\ref{Tab:Inter} lists some of the more commonly-heard interjections. (\ref{Glo5:Primay}--\ref{Glo5:Achachaw}) give a few examples in context.\\
-A: word: achachalláw	 gloss: how.awful
-B: word: yapa	 gloss: again
-C: word: achacháw	 gloss: ouch
-D: word: oooh	 gloss: oooh
-Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
-Correct Answer: C
-Question 2:
-You are a linguist specializing in Yauyos Quechua. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option.
-Sentence (with missing item): puka-pis ka-sa vaka-hina ___ wak sinta-ku-sa ka-ya-n
-Gloss (with missing item): red-ADD be-NPST cow-COMP ___ DEM.D ribbon-REFL-PRF be-PROG-3
-The English translation of this sentence is:\spkr~1: “The colored one was like a cow.” \spkr~2: “Yes, it has [its ears pierced with] ribbons.”
-Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The list of assenters\index[sub]{assenters} includes three members: \phono{the morpheme ___}, \phono{aw}, and \phono{alal}, exemplified in ~(\ref{Glo5:Pukapis}) and ~(\ref{Glo5:lavashuntriki}).\\
-A: word: arí	 gloss: yes
-B: word: ari-yá	 gloss: yes-EMPH
-C: word: hinaptin	 gloss: then
-D: word: buynus	 gloss: good
-Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
-Correct Answer: A
-Question 3:
-You are a linguist specializing in Yauyos Quechua. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option.
-Sentence (with missing item): ___ lava-shun-tri-ki kay-pis qatra qatra ka-ya-n
-Gloss (with missing item): ___ wash-1PL.FUT-EVC-IKI DEM.P-ADD dirty dirty be-PROG-3
-The English translation of this sentence is:Yes, we’ll wash it. It’s really dirty.
-Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The list of assenters\index[sub]{assenters} includes three members: \phono{arí}, \phono{the morpheme ___}, and \phono{alal}, exemplified in ~(\ref{Glo5:Pukapis}) and ~(\ref{Glo5:lavashuntriki}).\\
-A: word: aw	 gloss: yes
-B: word: hinaptin	 gloss: then
-C: word: qaninpa	 gloss: before
-D: word: awkichanka	 gloss: Awkichanka
-Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
-Correct Answer: A
-Question 4:
-You are a linguist specializing in Yauyos Quechua. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option.
-Sentence (with missing item): kuti-mu-shaq ni-shpa-sh chay pindihu-qa mana-m warmi-n-man traya-chi-n-chu ___ warmi-yuq
-Gloss (with missing item): return-CISL-1.FUT say-SUBIS-EVR DEM.D bastard-TOP no-EVD woman-3-ALL arrive-CAUS-3-NEG ___ woman-POSS
-The English translation of this sentence is:Although the bastard [had] said, “I’m going to return,” he never made it back to his wife. Yes! He had a wife!
-Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The first and second are used in all dialects, while the the third is used only in \CH. \phono{arí} often carries the emphatic enclitic \phono{-yá}~(\ref{Glo5:Kutimushaq}).\\
-A: word: ari-yá	 gloss: yes-EMPH
-B: word: sumaq-lla-m	 gloss: pretty-REST-EVD
-C: word: rikari-ya-mu-n-shi	 gloss: appear-PROG-CISL-3-EVR
-D: word: mana-yá	 gloss: no-EMPH
-Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
-Correct Answer: A
-Question 5:
-You are a linguist specializing in Yauyos Quechua. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option.
-Sentence (with missing item): chay chaqla kinray-ta-tr pasa-ru-rqa ___
-Gloss (with missing item): DEM.D stone.outcropping across-ACC-EVC pass-URGT-PST ___
-The English translation of this sentence is:He must have come by around that stone outcropping, no?
-Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \phono{the morpheme ___} is used to check for agreement from interlocutors and to form tag questions~(\ref{Glo5:Chay}),~(\ref{Glo5:Yapamik}).\\
-A: word: aw	 gloss: yes
-B: word: achachalláw	 gloss: how.awful
-C: word: awkichanka	 gloss: Awkichanka
-D: word: hinaptin	 gloss: then
-Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
-Correct Answer: A
-Question 6:
-You are a linguist specializing in Yauyos Quechua. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option.
-Sentence (with missing item): yapa-mi-k kuti-nqa ___
-Gloss (with missing item): again-EVD-IK return-3.FUT ___
-The English translation of this sentence is:She’s going to come back, isn’t she?
-Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \phono{the morpheme ___} is used to check for agreement from interlocutors and to form tag questions~(\ref{Glo5:Chay}),~(\ref{Glo5:Yapamik}).\\
-A: word: kanallan	 gloss: right.now
-B: word: awkichanka	 gloss: Awkichanka
-C: word: aw	 gloss: yes
-D: word: hinaptin	 gloss: then
-Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
-Correct Answer: C
-Question 7:
-You are a linguist specializing in Yauyos Quechua. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option.
-Sentence (with missing item): mana ganaw-ni-ki ka-n-chu ni ___ diyas ni buynus diyas prima-cha nada ni-shunki-chu
-Gloss (with missing item): no cattle-EUPH-2 be-3-NEG nor ___ day nor good day cousin-DIM nothing say-2.OBJ-2-NEG
-The English translation of this sentence is:When you don’t have cattle, they don’t even say “Good morning,” “Good morning, cousin,” to you -- nothing.
-Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The Spanish greetings\index[sub]{greetings}, \phono{the morpheme ___ diyas} ‘its gloss ___ day’, \phono{buynas tardis} ‘its gloss ___ afternoon’ and \phono{buynas nuchis} ‘its gloss ___ evening’, ‘its gloss ___ night’~(\ref{Glo5:ganawniki}) have been borrowed into \SYQ{} and are employed with greater frequency than are greeting indigenous to the language. \phono{¡Rimallasayki!} ‘I greet you!’ is the most common of the greetings indigenous to \SYQ. \phono{¡Saludallasayki!} is also used.\\
-A: word: alli-alli-ta	 gloss: good-good-ACC
-B: word: buynus	 gloss: good
-C: word: sumaq-lla-m	 gloss: pretty-REST-EVD
-D: word: minus	 gloss: less
-Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
-Correct Answer: B
-Question 8:
-You are a linguist specializing in Yauyos Quechua. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option.
-Sentence (with missing item): mana ganaw-ni-ki ka-n-chu ni buynus diyas ni ___ diyas prima-cha nada ni-shunki-chu
-Gloss (with missing item): no cattle-EUPH-2 be-3-NEG nor good day nor ___ day cousin-DIM nothing say-2.OBJ-2-NEG
-The English translation of this sentence is:When you don’t have cattle, they don’t even say “Good morning,” “Good morning, cousin,” to you -- nothing.
-Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The Spanish greetings\index[sub]{greetings}, \phono{the morpheme ___ diyas} ‘its gloss ___ day’, \phono{buynas tardis} ‘its gloss ___ afternoon’ and \phono{buynas nuchis} ‘its gloss ___ evening’, ‘its gloss ___ night’~(\ref{Glo5:ganawniki}) have been borrowed into \SYQ{} and are employed with greater frequency than are greeting indigenous to the language. \phono{¡Rimallasayki!} ‘I greet you!’ is the most common of the greetings indigenous to \SYQ. \phono{¡Saludallasayki!} is also used.\\
-A: word: minus	 gloss: less
-B: word: alli-alli-ta	 gloss: good-good-ACC
-C: word: buynus	 gloss: good
-D: word: asta	 gloss: until
-Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
-Correct Answer: C
-Question 9:
-You are a linguist specializing in Yauyos Quechua. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option.
-Sentence (with missing item): ___ wañu-ku-na-y puntraw-kama-tri-ki chayna puri-shaq
-Gloss (with missing item): ___ die-REFL-NMLZ-1 day-LIM-EVC-IKI thus walk-1.FUT
-The English translation of this sentence is:Until the day I die, I’m going to walk around like that.
-Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \SYQ{} makes use of some prepositions\index[sub]{prepositions} borrowed from Spanish. The preposition most frequently employed is \phono{the morpheme ___} (‘up to’, ‘its gloss ___’, ‘even’, \Sp~‘\spanish{hthe morpheme ___}’ ‘up to’, ‘its gloss ___’)~(\ref{Glo5:wanukunay}). \phono{the morpheme ___} is usually employed redundantly, in combination with the indigenous case suffix \phono{-kama}, apparently with the same semantics (\phono{the morpheme ___ aka-kama} ‘its gloss ___ here’).\\
-A: word: puntraw-kama-tri-ki	 gloss: day-LIM-EVC-IKI
-B: word: asta	 gloss: until
-C: word: imay	 gloss: when
-D: word: kanasta-pi-chu	 gloss: basket-LOC-Q
-Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
-Correct Answer: B
-Question 10:
-You are a linguist specializing in Yauyos Quechua. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option.
-Sentence (with missing item): asta wañu-ku-na-y ___ chayna puri-shaq
-Gloss (with missing item): until die-REFL-NMLZ-1 ___ thus walk-1.FUT
-The English translation of this sentence is:Until the day I die, I’m going to walk around like that.
-Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \SYQ{} makes use of some prepositions\index[sub]{prepositions} borrowed from Spanish. The preposition most frequently employed is \phono{asta} (‘up to’, ‘until’, ‘even’, \Sp~‘\spanish{hasta}’ ‘up to’, ‘until’)~(\ref{Glo5:wanukunay}). \phono{asta} is usually employed redundantly, in combination with the indigenous case suffix \phono{-kama}, apparently with the same semantics (\phono{asta aka-kama} ‘until here’).\\
-A: word: puntraw-kama-tri-ki	 gloss: day-LIM-EVC-IKI
-B: word: huk-tri-ki	 gloss: one-EVC-IKI
-C: word: puntraw-kama-tr-iki	 gloss: day-LIM-EVC-IKI
-D: word: yapa	 gloss: again
-Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
-Correct Answer: A
-Question 11:
-You are a linguist specializing in Yauyos Quechua. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option.
-Sentence (with missing item): chafli-wan pika-ru-n ___ hapi-n yapa pika-ru-n yapa hapi-n yapa pika-ru-n
-Gloss (with missing item): pick-INSTR pick-URGT-3 ___ grab-3 again pick-URGT-3 again grab-3 again pick-URGT-3
-The English translation of this sentence is:He struck with a pick. Again, [the zombie] grabs him. Again he struck with the pick. Again he grabs. Again he struck.
-Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The class of adverbs\index[sub]{adverbs} native to \SYQ{} is rather small~(\ref{Glo5:Chafliwan}--\ref{Glo5:qaninpa}).\\
-A: word: yapa	 gloss: again
-B: word: hinaptin	 gloss: then
-C: word: yapa-taq-shi	 gloss: again-SEQ-EVR
-D: word: buynus	 gloss: good
-Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
-Correct Answer: A
-Question 12:
-You are a linguist specializing in Yauyos Quechua. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option.
-Sentence (with missing item): chafli-wan pika-ru-n yapa hapi-n ___ pika-ru-n yapa hapi-n yapa pika-ru-n
-Gloss (with missing item): pick-INSTR pick-URGT-3 again grab-3 ___ pick-URGT-3 again grab-3 again pick-URGT-3
-The English translation of this sentence is:He struck with a pick. Again, [the zombie] grabs him. Again he struck with the pick. Again he grabs. Again he struck.
-Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The class of adverbs\index[sub]{adverbs} native to \SYQ{} is rather small~(\ref{Glo5:Chafliwan}--\ref{Glo5:qaninpa}).\\
-A: word: yapa-taq-shi	 gloss: again-SEQ-EVR
-B: word: hinaptin	 gloss: then
-C: word: yapa	 gloss: again
-D: word: puntraw-kama-tri-ki	 gloss: day-LIM-EVC-IKI
-Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
-Correct Answer: C
-Question 13:
-You are a linguist specializing in Yauyos Quechua. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option.
-Sentence (with missing item): chafli-wan pika-ru-n yapa hapi-n yapa pika-ru-n ___ hapi-n yapa pika-ru-n
-Gloss (with missing item): pick-INSTR pick-URGT-3 again grab-3 again pick-URGT-3 ___ grab-3 again pick-URGT-3
-The English translation of this sentence is:He struck with a pick. Again, [the zombie] grabs him. Again he struck with the pick. Again he grabs. Again he struck.
-Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The class of adverbs\index[sub]{adverbs} native to \SYQ{} is rather small~(\ref{Glo5:Chafliwan}--\ref{Glo5:qaninpa}).\\
-A: word: arí	 gloss: yes
-B: word: yapa-taq-shi	 gloss: again-SEQ-EVR
-C: word: yapa	 gloss: again
-D: word: hinaptin	 gloss: then
-Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
-Correct Answer: C
-Question 14:
-You are a linguist specializing in Yauyos Quechua. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option.
-Sentence (with missing item): chafli-wan pika-ru-n yapa hapi-n yapa pika-ru-n yapa hapi-n ___ pika-ru-n
-Gloss (with missing item): pick-INSTR pick-URGT-3 again grab-3 again pick-URGT-3 again grab-3 ___ pick-URGT-3
-The English translation of this sentence is:He struck with a pick. Again, [the zombie] grabs him. Again he struck with the pick. Again he grabs. Again he struck.
-Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The class of adverbs\index[sub]{adverbs} native to \SYQ{} is rather small~(\ref{Glo5:Chafliwan}--\ref{Glo5:qaninpa}).\\
-A: word: hinaptin	 gloss: then
-B: word: yapa	 gloss: again
-C: word: sumaq-lla	 gloss: pretty-RSTR
-D: word: yapa-taq-shi	 gloss: again-SEQ-EVR
-Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
-Correct Answer: B
-Question 15:
-You are a linguist specializing in Yauyos Quechua. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option.
-Sentence (with missing item): hina-lla-ta-ña-m ___ apa-ka-ra-mu-n wak yanta-ta
-Gloss (with missing item): thus-RSTR-ACC-DISC-EVD ___ bring-PASSACC-URGT-CISL-3 DEM.D firewood-ACC
-The English translation of this sentence is:Just like before already, they brought that firewood.
-Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The class of adverbs\index[sub]{adverbs} native to \SYQ{} is rather small~(\ref{Glo5:Chafliwan}--\ref{Glo5:the morpheme ___}).\\
-A: word: qaninpa	 gloss: before
-B: word: achachalláw	 gloss: how.awful
-C: word: qanin	 gloss: day.before.yesterday
-D: word: hinaptin	 gloss: then
-Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
-Correct Answer: A
-Question 16:
-You are a linguist specializing in Yauyos Quechua. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option.
-Sentence (with missing item): mana ___ hurqu-pti-n-qa chay-qa wañu-chi-n
-Gloss (with missing item): no ___ remove-SUBDS-3-TOP DEM.D-TOP die-CAUS-3
-The English translation of this sentence is:If [the placenta] is not taken out quickly, it kills.
-Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Verbal modification in \SYQ, as in other Quechuan languages, is accomplished primarily by derivatives and enclitics (\phono{-pa} ‘repeatedly’, \phono{-ña} ‘already’). \SYQ{} makes heavy use of the adoped/adapted Spanish adverbs \phono{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’, \phono{pasaypaq} ‘completely,’ \phono{siympri} ‘always’ and \phono{ayvis} ‘sometimes’~(\ref{Glo5:the morpheme ___}--\ref{Glo5:Ayvis}).\\
-A: word: apurí-man	 gloss: Apurí-ALL
-B: word: apuraw	 gloss: quick
-C: word: arí	 gloss: yes
-D: word: turnu-cha-wan	 gloss: turn-DIM-INSTR
-Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
-Correct Answer: B
-Question 17:
-You are a linguist specializing in Yauyos Quechua. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option.
-Sentence (with missing item): ___ lliw chinka-ru-n ayvis huk-lla ishkay-lla-ta tari-ru-:
-Gloss (with missing item): ___ all lose-URGT-3 sometimes one-RSTR two-RSTR-ACC find-URGT-1
-The English translation of this sentence is:Sometimes all get lost; sometimes I find just one or two.
-Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Verbal modification in \SYQ, as in other Quechuan languages, is accomplished primarily by derivatives and enclitics (\phono{-pa} ‘repeatedly’, \phono{-ña} ‘already’). \SYQ{} makes heavy use of the adoped/adapted Spanish adverbs \phono{apuraw} ‘quick’, \phono{pasaypaq} ‘completely,’ \phono{siympri} ‘always’ and \phono{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’~(\ref{Glo5:apuraw}--\ref{Glo5:Ayvis}).\\
-A: word: ayvis-lla	 gloss: sometimes-RSTR
-B: word: qaninpa	 gloss: before
-C: word: algunus	 gloss: some
-D: word: ayvis	 gloss: sometimes
-Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
-Correct Answer: D
-Question 18:
-You are a linguist specializing in Yauyos Quechua. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option.
-Sentence (with missing item): ayvis lliw chinka-ru-n ___ huk-lla ishkay-lla-ta tari-ru-:
-Gloss (with missing item): sometimes all lose-URGT-3 ___ one-RSTR two-RSTR-ACC find-URGT-1
-The English translation of this sentence is:Sometimes all get lost; sometimes I find just one or two.
-Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Verbal modification in \SYQ, as in other Quechuan languages, is accomplished primarily by derivatives and enclitics (\phono{-pa} ‘repeatedly’, \phono{-ña} ‘already’). \SYQ{} makes heavy use of the adoped/adapted Spanish adverbs \phono{apuraw} ‘quick’, \phono{pasaypaq} ‘completely,’ \phono{siympri} ‘always’ and \phono{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’~(\ref{Glo5:apuraw}--\ref{Glo5:Ayvis}).\\
-A: word: ayvis-lla	 gloss: sometimes-RSTR
-B: word: algunus	 gloss: some
-C: word: buynus	 gloss: good
-D: word: ayvis	 gloss: sometimes
-Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
-Correct Answer: D
-Question 19:
-You are a linguist specializing in Yauyos Quechua. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option.
-Sentence (with missing item): ni pi-ta-pis kritika-:-chu dañu-ku-ru-pti-n-pis ___ ni-ku-lla-:
-Gloss (with missing item): nor who-ACC-ADD criticize-1-NEG damage-REFL-URGT-SUBDS-3-ADD ___ say-REFL-RSTR-1
-The English translation of this sentence is:I don’t criticize anyone. When they do harm, I talk to them nicely.
-Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Additionally, adverbs can sometimes be derived from adjectives with the suffixation of \phono{-lla}~(\ref{Glo5:pitapis}),~(\ref{Glo5:Kayta}); and adjectives may sometimes occur adverbally, in which case they are usually inflected with \phono{-ta}, as in ~(\ref{Glo5:Kanan}--\ref{Glo5:Tushuptiypis}).\\
-A: word: diskansu-man	 gloss: rest-ALL
-B: word: sumaq-lla	 gloss: pretty-RSTR
-C: word: achachalláw	 gloss: how.awful
-D: word: sumaq-lla-m	 gloss: pretty-REST-EVD
-Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
-Correct Answer: D
-Question 20:
-You are a linguist specializing in Yauyos Quechua. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option.
-Sentence (with missing item): kay-ta pasa-ra-chi-y karga-ra-ya-n-ña-mi-ki ___ wina-ru-y
-Gloss (with missing item): DEM.P pass-PASSACC-CAUS-IMP carry-UNINT-INTENS-3-DISC-3-EVD-IKI ___ add.in-URGT-IMP
-The English translation of this sentence is:Have him come here! It’s being carried already. Add it in nicely!
-Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Additionally, adverbs can sometimes be derived from adjectives with the suffixation of \phono{-lla}~(\ref{Glo5:pitapis}),~(\ref{Glo5:Kayta}); and adjectives may sometimes occur adverbally, in which case they are usually inflected with \phono{-ta}, as in ~(\ref{Glo5:Kanan}--\ref{Glo5:Tushuptiypis}).\\
-A: word: ari-yá	 gloss: yes-EMPH
-B: word: sumaq-lla-m	 gloss: pretty-REST-EVD
-C: word: sumaq-lla	 gloss: pretty-RSTR
-D: word: ayvis-lla	 gloss: sometimes-RSTR
-Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
-Correct Answer: C
-Question 21:
-You are a linguist specializing in Yauyos Quechua. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option.
-Sentence (with missing item): kanan tuta-qa suyñu-ku-ru-ni ___ ima pasa-ru-wa-nqa
-Gloss (with missing item): now night-TOP dream-REFL-URGT-1 ___ what pass-URGT-1.OBJ-3.FUT
-The English translation of this sentence is:Last night I dreamed horribly. What’s going to happen to me?
-Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Additionally, adverbs can sometimes be derived from adjectives with the suffixation of \phono{-lla}~(\ref{Glo5:pitapis}),~(\ref{Glo5:Kayta}); and adjectives may sometimes occur adverbally, in which case they are usually inflected with \phono{-ta}, as in ~(\ref{Glo5:Kanan}--\ref{Glo5:Tushuptiypis}).\\
-A: word: ayvis	 gloss: sometimes
-B: word: fiyu-ta-m	 gloss: ugly-ACC-EVD
-C: word: mas-ta-m	 gloss: more-ACC-EVD
-D: word: turu-ta-m	 gloss: bull-ACC-EVD
-Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
-Correct Answer: B
-Question 22:
-You are a linguist specializing in Yauyos Quechua. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option.
-Sentence (with missing item): tushu-pti-y-pis ___ piga-ku-q
-Gloss (with missing item): dance-SUBDS-1-ADD ___ stick-REFL-AG
-The English translation of this sentence is:When I would dance, he would stick himself [to me] really well.
-Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Additionally, adverbs can sometimes be derived from adjectives with the suffixation of \phono{-lla}~(\ref{Glo5:pitapis}),~(\ref{Glo5:Kayta}); and adjectives may sometimes occur adverbally, in which case they are usually inflected with \phono{-ta}, as in ~(\ref{Glo5:Kanan}--\ref{Glo5:Tushuptiypis}).\\
-A: word: puntraw-kama-tri-ki	 gloss: day-LIM-EVC-IKI
-B: word: alli-alli-ta	 gloss: good-good-ACC
-C: word: alli-alli-ta-ya-ri	 gloss: good-good-ACC-EMPH-ARI
-D: word: apa-ra-mu-sa	 gloss: bring-URGT-CISL-NPST
-Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
-Correct Answer: B
-Question 23:
-You are a linguist specializing in Yauyos Quechua. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option.
-Sentence (with missing item): ___ intriga-wa-y ni-shpa-sh chay kundur traya-ru-n
-Gloss (with missing item): ___ deliver-1.OBJ-IMP say-SUBIS-EVR DEM.D condor arrive-URGT-3
-The English translation of this sentence is:“Hand her over to me right now!” said the condor [when] he arrived.
-Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Some nouns referring to time may occur adverbally without inflection, as in ~(\ref{Glo5:Kanallan})and ~(\ref{Glo5:Rinrilla}), others are inflected with \phono{-ta}, as (see~\sectref{ssec:timenouns})~(\ref{Glo5:Chaymi}) shows.\\
-A: word: kanallan	 gloss: right.now
-B: word: analfabitu	 gloss: illiterate
-C: word: sumaq-lla-m	 gloss: pretty-REST-EVD
-D: word: kanan	 gloss: now
-Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
-Correct Answer: A
-Question 24:
-You are a linguist specializing in Yauyos Quechua. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option.
-Sentence (with missing item): chay-mi shamu-la-: ___ chay-mi karkarya qipa-:-ta shamu-sha
-Gloss (with missing item): DEM.D-EVD come-PST-1 ___ DEM.D-EVD zombie behind-1-ACC come-NPST
-The English translation of this sentence is:Then I came at nightfall. Then a zombie came behind me.
-Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Some nouns referring to time may occur adverbally without inflection, as in ~(\ref{Glo5:Kanallan})and ~(\ref{Glo5:Rinrilla}), others are inflected with \phono{-ta}, as (see~\sectref{ssec:timenouns})~(\ref{Glo5:Chaymi}) shows.\\
-A: word: qaspalpuq-ta	 gloss: nightfall-ACC
-B: word: llaki-yuq-ta-m	 gloss: sorrow-POSS-ACC-EVD
-C: word: asta	 gloss: until
-D: word: tuta	 gloss: night
-Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
-Correct Answer: A

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-Question 0:
-You are a linguist specializing in Yauyos Quechua. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option.
-Sentence (with missing item): ari-yá urqu-pa-qa ___
-Gloss (with missing item): yes-EMPH hill-LOC-TOP ___
-The English translation of this sentence is:Yes, in the hills we ran out.
-Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In the case of the direct \phono{-mI}, all three forms, \phono{-mI-\uo}, \phono{-m-ik}, and \phono{m-iki}, indicate that the speaker has evidence from personal experience for the proposition immediately under the scope of the evidential. The \phono{-ik} and \phono{-iki} forms then indicate increases in the strength of that evidence, generally that it is increasingly immediate or definitive. For example, consultants explain, with \phono{wañu-rqa-\uo} [die-\lsc{pst}-3] ‘died’, a speaker might use \phono{-mI-\uo} if she had seen the corpse, while she would use \phono{-m-iki} if she had actually been present when the person died. Or with \phono{para-ya-n} [rain-\lsc{prog}-3] ‘it’s raining’, a speaker might use \phono{-mI-\uo} if she were observing the rain from inside through a window, while she would use \phono{-m-iki} if she were actually standing under the rain. (\ref{GloB:Ariya}) and~(\ref{GloB:Huk}) give naturally-occurring \phono{-m-iki} examples. In~(\ref{GloB:Ariya}) the speaker reports her girlhood experience working as a shepherdess in the \phono{puna} (high, cold, wet pasture grounds). What would run out on her was her matches. In~(\ref{GloB:Huk}) the speaker reports her experience with the Shining Path\index[sub]{Shining Path}, an armed Maoist group that terrorized the region in the 1980’s with its robberies, kidnappings and public executions. The fight she refers to is the battle between the Shining Path and the government Sinchis (commandos). In both examples, the speakers are reporting events they experienced with painful immediacy and with regard to which there are no more authoritative sources than themselves.\\
-A: word: wayta-ku-nchik-chu	 gloss: flower-REFL-1PL-NEG
-B: word: yaku-ta-mi-ki	 gloss: water-ACC-EVD-IKI
-C: word: puchuka-paku-nchik-m-iki	 gloss: finish-MUTBEN-1PL-EVD-IKI
-D: word: ni-nki-mi-ki	 gloss: say-2-EVD-IKI
-Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
-Correct Answer: C
-Question 1:
-You are a linguist specializing in Yauyos Quechua. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option.
-Sentence (with missing item): huk visis-lla piliya-ra chay-paq ___
-Gloss (with missing item): one times-RSTR fight-PST DEM.D-ABL ___
-The English translation of this sentence is:They fought just once and then they disappeared.
-Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In the case of the direct \phono{-mI}, all three forms, \phono{-mI-\uo}, \phono{-m-ik}, and \phono{m-iki}, indicate that the speaker has evidence from personal experience for the proposition immediately under the scope of the evidential. The \phono{-ik} and \phono{-iki} forms then indicate increases in the strength of that evidence, generally that it is increasingly immediate or definitive. For example, consultants explain, with \phono{wañu-rqa-\uo} [die-\lsc{pst}-3] ‘died’, a speaker might use \phono{-mI-\uo} if she had seen the corpse, while she would use \phono{-m-iki} if she had actually been present when the person died. Or with \phono{para-ya-n} [rain-\lsc{prog}-3] ‘it’s raining’, a speaker might use \phono{-mI-\uo} if she were observing the rain from inside through a window, while she would use \phono{-m-iki} if she were actually standing under the rain. (\ref{GloB:Ariya}) and~(\ref{GloB:Huk}) give naturally-occurring \phono{-m-iki} examples. In~(\ref{GloB:Ariya}) the speaker reports her girlhood experience working as a shepherdess in the \phono{puna} (high, cold, wet pasture grounds). What would run out on her was her matches. In~(\ref{GloB:Huk}) the speaker reports her experience with the Shining Path\index[sub]{Shining Path}, an armed Maoist group that terrorized the region in the 1980’s with its robberies, kidnappings and public executions. The fight she refers to is the battle between the Shining Path and the government Sinchis (commandos). In both examples, the speakers are reporting events they experienced with painful immediacy and with regard to which there are no more authoritative sources than themselves.\\
-A: word: chinka-ri-ya-n-ña-m	 gloss: lose-INCEP-PROG-3-DISC-EVD
-B: word: qawa-mu-shaq	 gloss: look-CISL-1.FUT
-C: word: chinka-ku-n	 gloss: lose-REFL-3
-D: word: chinka-ku-ra-ña-m-iki	 gloss: lose-REFL-PST-DISC-EVD-IKI
-Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
-Correct Answer: D
-Question 2:
-You are a linguist specializing in Yauyos Quechua. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option.
-Sentence (with missing item): ari-yá urqu-pa-qa ___
-Gloss (with missing item): yes-EMPH hill-LOC-TOP ___
-The English translation of this sentence is:Yes, in the hills we ran out.
-Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In the case of the direct \phono{-mI}, all three forms, \phono{-mI-\uo}, \phono{-m-ik}, and \phono{m-iki}, indicate that the speaker has evidence from personal experience for the proposition immediately under the scope of the evidential. The \phono{-ik} and \phono{-iki} forms then indicate increases in the strength of that evidence, generally that it is increasingly immediate or definitive. For example, consultants explain, with \phono{wañu-rqa-\uo} [die-\lsc{pst}-3] ‘died’, a speaker might use \phono{-mI-\uo} if she had seen the corpse, while she would use \phono{-m-iki} if she had actually been present when the person died. Or with \phono{para-ya-n} [rain-\lsc{prog}-3] ‘it’s raining’, a speaker might use \phono{-mI-\uo} if she were observing the rain from inside through a window, while she would use \phono{-m-iki} if she were actually standing under the rain. (\ref{GloB:Ariya}) and~(\ref{GloB:Huk}) give naturally-occurring \phono{-m-iki} examples. In~(\ref{GloB:Ariya}) the speaker reports her girlhood experience working as a shepherdess in the \phono{puna} (high, cold, wet pasture grounds). What would run out on her was her matches. In~(\ref{GloB:Huk}) the speaker reports her experience with the Shining Path\index[sub]{Shining Path}, an armed Maoist group that terrorized the region in the 1980’s with its robberies, kidnappings and public executions. The fight she refers to is the battle between the Shining Path and the government Sinchis (commandos). In both examples, the speakers are reporting events they experienced with painful immediacy and with regard to which there are no more authoritative sources than themselves.\\
-A: word: wayta-ku-nchik-chu	 gloss: flower-REFL-1PL-NEG
-B: word: ashna-ku-lla-shaq-tri-ki	 gloss: smell-REFL-RSTR-1.FUT-EVC-IKI
-C: word: ni-nki-mi-ki	 gloss: say-2-EVD-IKI
-D: word: puchuka-paku-nchik-m-iki	 gloss: finish-MUTBEN-1PL-EVD-IKI
-Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
-Correct Answer: D
-Question 3:
-You are a linguist specializing in Yauyos Quechua. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option.
-Sentence (with missing item): huk visis-lla piliya-ra chay-paq ___
-Gloss (with missing item): one times-RSTR fight-PST DEM.D-ABL ___
-The English translation of this sentence is:They fought just once and then they disappeared.
-Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In the case of the direct \phono{-mI}, all three forms, \phono{-mI-\uo}, \phono{-m-ik}, and \phono{m-iki}, indicate that the speaker has evidence from personal experience for the proposition immediately under the scope of the evidential. The \phono{-ik} and \phono{-iki} forms then indicate increases in the strength of that evidence, generally that it is increasingly immediate or definitive. For example, consultants explain, with \phono{wañu-rqa-\uo} [die-\lsc{pst}-3] ‘died’, a speaker might use \phono{-mI-\uo} if she had seen the corpse, while she would use \phono{-m-iki} if she had actually been present when the person died. Or with \phono{para-ya-n} [rain-\lsc{prog}-3] ‘it’s raining’, a speaker might use \phono{-mI-\uo} if she were observing the rain from inside through a window, while she would use \phono{-m-iki} if she were actually standing under the rain. (\ref{GloB:Ariya}) and~(\ref{GloB:Huk}) give naturally-occurring \phono{-m-iki} examples. In~(\ref{GloB:Ariya}) the speaker reports her girlhood experience working as a shepherdess in the \phono{puna} (high, cold, wet pasture grounds). What would run out on her was her matches. In~(\ref{GloB:Huk}) the speaker reports her experience with the Shining Path\index[sub]{Shining Path}, an armed Maoist group that terrorized the region in the 1980’s with its robberies, kidnappings and public executions. The fight she refers to is the battle between the Shining Path and the government Sinchis (commandos). In both examples, the speakers are reporting events they experienced with painful immediacy and with regard to which there are no more authoritative sources than themselves.\\
-A: word: chinka-ku-ra-ña-m-iki	 gloss: lose-REFL-PST-DISC-EVD-IKI
-B: word: chinka-ku-n	 gloss: lose-REFL-3
-C: word: ri-shaq	 gloss: go-1.FUT
-D: word: chinka-ri-ya-n-ña-m	 gloss: lose-INCEP-PROG-3-DISC-EVD
-Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
-Correct Answer: A
-Question 4:
-You are a linguist specializing in Yauyos Quechua. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option.
-Sentence (with missing item): ___ yaku-ta-mi-ki qawa-mu-shaq
-Gloss (with missing item): ___ water-ACC-EVD-IKI look-CISL-1.FUT
-The English translation of this sentence is:I’m going to go. I’m going to take care of the water now.
-Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In those cases in which \phono{-mI} takes scope over universal-deontic-modal or future-tense verbs, \phono{-k} and \phono{-ki} do not generally indicate an increase in evidence strength; rather, they indicate increasingly strong obligations and increasingly immediate futures, respectively. So, for example, under the scope of \phono{-mI-\uo}, \phono{yanapa-na-y} [help-\lsc{nmlz}-1] receives a weak universal deontic interpretation, ‘I ought to help’. In contrast, under the scope of \phono{-m-ik} or \phono{-m-iki}, the same phrase receives increasingly strong universal interpretations, on the order of ‘I have to help’ and ‘I must help’, respectively. Under the scope of \phono{-mI-\uo}, the phrase is understood as something like a strong suggestion, while under \phono{-m-iki}, it is understood as a more urgent obligation. That is, here, \phono{-ik} and \phono{-iki} seem to do something like increase the degree of modal force, turning a weak universal modal into a strong one. This is the case, too, where \phono{-mI} takes scope over future-tense verbs. For example, explain consultants, in the case of the future-tense \phono{the morpheme ___} [go-1.\lsc{fut}] ‘I will go’, a speaker might use\phono{-mI-\uo} if she were going to go at some unspecified, possibly very distant future time. In contrast, she might use \phono{-m-ik} if her going were imminent, and \phono{-m-iki} if she were already on her way. The speaker of~(\ref{GloB:yakuta}), for example, urgently needed to water her garden and had been on her way to do just that when she got caught up in the conversation. When she uttered~(\ref{GloB:yakuta}) she was, in fact, already in motion.\\
-A: word: riku-ru-shaq	 gloss: go-URGT-1.FUT
-B: word: ri-shaq	 gloss: go-1.FUT
-C: word: puri-shaq	 gloss: walk-1.FUT
-D: word: puchuka-paku-nchik-m-iki	 gloss: finish-MUTBEN-1PL-EVD-IKI
-Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
-Correct Answer: B
-Question 5:
-You are a linguist specializing in Yauyos Quechua. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option.
-Sentence (with missing item): ri-shaq ___ qawa-mu-shaq
-Gloss (with missing item): go-1.FUT ___ look-CISL-1.FUT
-The English translation of this sentence is:I’m going to go. I’m going to take care of the water now.
-Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In those cases in which \phono{-mI} takes scope over universal-deontic-modal or future-tense verbs, \phono{-k} and \phono{-ki} do not generally indicate an increase in evidence strength; rather, they indicate increasingly strong obligations and increasingly immediate futures, respectively. So, for example, under the scope of \phono{-mI-\uo}, \phono{yanapa-na-y} [help-\lsc{nmlz}-1] receives a weak universal deontic interpretation, ‘I ought to help’. In contrast, under the scope of \phono{-m-ik} or \phono{-m-iki}, the same phrase receives increasingly strong universal interpretations, on the order of ‘I have to help’ and ‘I must help’, respectively. Under the scope of \phono{-mI-\uo}, the phrase is understood as something like a strong suggestion, while under \phono{-m-iki}, it is understood as a more urgent obligation. That is, here, \phono{-ik} and \phono{-iki} seem to do something like increase the degree of modal force, turning a weak universal modal into a strong one. This is the case, too, where \phono{-mI} takes scope over future-tense verbs. For example, explain consultants, in the case of the future-tense \phono{ri-shaq} [go-1.\lsc{fut}] ‘I will go’, a speaker might use\phono{-mI-\uo} if she were going to go at some unspecified, possibly very distant future time. In contrast, she might use \phono{-m-ik} if her going were imminent, and \phono{-m-iki} if she were already on her way. The speaker of~(\ref{GloB:yakuta}), for example, urgently needed to water her garden and had been on her way to do just that when she got caught up in the conversation. When she uttered~(\ref{GloB:yakuta}) she was, in fact, already in motion.\\
-A: word: yaku-kta	 gloss: water-ACC
-B: word: yaku-ta-mi-ki	 gloss: water-ACC-EVD-IKI
-C: word: karga-ra-ya-n-ña-mi-ki	 gloss: carry-UNINT-INTENS-3-DISC-3-EVD-IKI
-D: word: puchuka-paku-nchik-m-iki	 gloss: finish-MUTBEN-1PL-EVD-IKI
-Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
-Correct Answer: B
-Question 6:
-You are a linguist specializing in Yauyos Quechua. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option.
-Sentence (with missing item): ri-shaq yaku-ta-mi-ki ___
-Gloss (with missing item): go-1.FUT water-ACC-EVD-IKI ___
-The English translation of this sentence is:I’m going to go. I’m going to take care of the water now.
-Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In those cases in which \phono{-mI} takes scope over universal-deontic-modal or future-tense verbs, \phono{-k} and \phono{-ki} do not generally indicate an increase in evidence strength; rather, they indicate increasingly strong obligations and increasingly immediate futures, respectively. So, for example, under the scope of \phono{-mI-\uo}, \phono{yanapa-na-y} [help-\lsc{nmlz}-1] receives a weak universal deontic interpretation, ‘I ought to help’. In contrast, under the scope of \phono{-m-ik} or \phono{-m-iki}, the same phrase receives increasingly strong universal interpretations, on the order of ‘I have to help’ and ‘I must help’, respectively. Under the scope of \phono{-mI-\uo}, the phrase is understood as something like a strong suggestion, while under \phono{-m-iki}, it is understood as a more urgent obligation. That is, here, \phono{-ik} and \phono{-iki} seem to do something like increase the degree of modal force, turning a weak universal modal into a strong one. This is the case, too, where \phono{-mI} takes scope over future-tense verbs. For example, explain consultants, in the case of the future-tense \phono{ri-shaq} [go-1.\lsc{fut}] ‘I will go’, a speaker might use\phono{-mI-\uo} if she were going to go at some unspecified, possibly very distant future time. In contrast, she might use \phono{-m-ik} if her going were imminent, and \phono{-m-iki} if she were already on her way. The speaker of~(\ref{GloB:yakuta}), for example, urgently needed to water her garden and had been on her way to do just that when she got caught up in the conversation. When she uttered~(\ref{GloB:yakuta}) she was, in fact, already in motion.\\
-A: word: kuti-mu-shaq	 gloss: return-CISL-1.FUT
-B: word: qawa-mu-shaq	 gloss: look-CISL-1.FUT
-C: word: anu-ya-n-ña-tr-iki	 gloss: wean-PROG-3-DISC-EVD-IKI
-D: word: taka-paka-ra-mu-shaq	 gloss: beat-MUTBEN-CISL-1.FUT
-Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
-Correct Answer: B
-Question 7:
-You are a linguist specializing in Yauyos Quechua. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option.
-Sentence (with missing item): ___ yaku-ta-mi-ki qawa-mu-shaq
-Gloss (with missing item): ___ water-ACC-EVD-IKI look-CISL-1.FUT
-The English translation of this sentence is:I’m going to go. I’m going to take care of the water now.
-Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In those cases in which \phono{-mI} takes scope over universal-deontic-modal or future-tense verbs, \phono{-k} and \phono{-ki} do not generally indicate an increase in evidence strength; rather, they indicate increasingly strong obligations and increasingly immediate futures, respectively. So, for example, under the scope of \phono{-mI-\uo}, \phono{yanapa-na-y} [help-\lsc{nmlz}-1] receives a weak universal deontic interpretation, ‘I ought to help’. In contrast, under the scope of \phono{-m-ik} or \phono{-m-iki}, the same phrase receives increasingly strong universal interpretations, on the order of ‘I have to help’ and ‘I must help’, respectively. Under the scope of \phono{-mI-\uo}, the phrase is understood as something like a strong suggestion, while under \phono{-m-iki}, it is understood as a more urgent obligation. That is, here, \phono{-ik} and \phono{-iki} seem to do something like increase the degree of modal force, turning a weak universal modal into a strong one. This is the case, too, where \phono{-mI} takes scope over future-tense verbs. For example, explain consultants, in the case of the future-tense \phono{the morpheme ___} [go-1.\lsc{fut}] ‘I will go’, a speaker might use\phono{-mI-\uo} if she were going to go at some unspecified, possibly very distant future time. In contrast, she might use \phono{-m-ik} if her going were imminent, and \phono{-m-iki} if she were already on her way. The speaker of~(\ref{GloB:yakuta}), for example, urgently needed to water her garden and had been on her way to do just that when she got caught up in the conversation. When she uttered~(\ref{GloB:yakuta}) she was, in fact, already in motion.\\
-A: word: yaku-ta-mi-ki	 gloss: water-ACC-EVD-IKI
-B: word: puri-shaq	 gloss: walk-1.FUT
-C: word: riku-ru-shaq	 gloss: go-URGT-1.FUT
-D: word: ri-shaq	 gloss: go-1.FUT
-Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
-Correct Answer: D
-Question 8:
-You are a linguist specializing in Yauyos Quechua. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option.
-Sentence (with missing item): ri-shaq ___ qawa-mu-shaq
-Gloss (with missing item): go-1.FUT ___ look-CISL-1.FUT
-The English translation of this sentence is:I’m going to go. I’m going to take care of the water now.
-Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In those cases in which \phono{-mI} takes scope over universal-deontic-modal or future-tense verbs, \phono{-k} and \phono{-ki} do not generally indicate an increase in evidence strength; rather, they indicate increasingly strong obligations and increasingly immediate futures, respectively. So, for example, under the scope of \phono{-mI-\uo}, \phono{yanapa-na-y} [help-\lsc{nmlz}-1] receives a weak universal deontic interpretation, ‘I ought to help’. In contrast, under the scope of \phono{-m-ik} or \phono{-m-iki}, the same phrase receives increasingly strong universal interpretations, on the order of ‘I have to help’ and ‘I must help’, respectively. Under the scope of \phono{-mI-\uo}, the phrase is understood as something like a strong suggestion, while under \phono{-m-iki}, it is understood as a more urgent obligation. That is, here, \phono{-ik} and \phono{-iki} seem to do something like increase the degree of modal force, turning a weak universal modal into a strong one. This is the case, too, where \phono{-mI} takes scope over future-tense verbs. For example, explain consultants, in the case of the future-tense \phono{ri-shaq} [go-1.\lsc{fut}] ‘I will go’, a speaker might use\phono{-mI-\uo} if she were going to go at some unspecified, possibly very distant future time. In contrast, she might use \phono{-m-ik} if her going were imminent, and \phono{-m-iki} if she were already on her way. The speaker of~(\ref{GloB:yakuta}), for example, urgently needed to water her garden and had been on her way to do just that when she got caught up in the conversation. When she uttered~(\ref{GloB:yakuta}) she was, in fact, already in motion.\\
-A: word: karga-ra-ya-n-ña-mi-ki	 gloss: carry-UNINT-INTENS-3-DISC-3-EVD-IKI
-B: word: yaku-ta-mi-ki	 gloss: water-ACC-EVD-IKI
-C: word: ashna-ku-lla-shaq-tri-ki	 gloss: smell-REFL-RSTR-1.FUT-EVC-IKI
-D: word: yaku-kta	 gloss: water-ACC
-Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
-Correct Answer: B
-Question 9:
-You are a linguist specializing in Yauyos Quechua. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option.
-Sentence (with missing item): ri-shaq yaku-ta-mi-ki ___
-Gloss (with missing item): go-1.FUT water-ACC-EVD-IKI ___
-The English translation of this sentence is:I’m going to go. I’m going to take care of the water now.
-Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In those cases in which \phono{-mI} takes scope over universal-deontic-modal or future-tense verbs, \phono{-k} and \phono{-ki} do not generally indicate an increase in evidence strength; rather, they indicate increasingly strong obligations and increasingly immediate futures, respectively. So, for example, under the scope of \phono{-mI-\uo}, \phono{yanapa-na-y} [help-\lsc{nmlz}-1] receives a weak universal deontic interpretation, ‘I ought to help’. In contrast, under the scope of \phono{-m-ik} or \phono{-m-iki}, the same phrase receives increasingly strong universal interpretations, on the order of ‘I have to help’ and ‘I must help’, respectively. Under the scope of \phono{-mI-\uo}, the phrase is understood as something like a strong suggestion, while under \phono{-m-iki}, it is understood as a more urgent obligation. That is, here, \phono{-ik} and \phono{-iki} seem to do something like increase the degree of modal force, turning a weak universal modal into a strong one. This is the case, too, where \phono{-mI} takes scope over future-tense verbs. For example, explain consultants, in the case of the future-tense \phono{ri-shaq} [go-1.\lsc{fut}] ‘I will go’, a speaker might use\phono{-mI-\uo} if she were going to go at some unspecified, possibly very distant future time. In contrast, she might use \phono{-m-ik} if her going were imminent, and \phono{-m-iki} if she were already on her way. The speaker of~(\ref{GloB:yakuta}), for example, urgently needed to water her garden and had been on her way to do just that when she got caught up in the conversation. When she uttered~(\ref{GloB:yakuta}) she was, in fact, already in motion.\\
-A: word: qawa-mu-shaq	 gloss: look-CISL-1.FUT
-B: word: kuti-mu-shaq	 gloss: return-CISL-1.FUT
-C: word: ri-shaq	 gloss: go-1.FUT
-D: word: taka-paka-ra-mu-shaq	 gloss: beat-MUTBEN-CISL-1.FUT
-Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
-Correct Answer: A
-Question 10:
-You are a linguist specializing in Yauyos Quechua. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option.
-Sentence (with missing item): qala-pis ___ luku-ya-ri-shpa-qa
-Gloss (with missing item): naked-ADD ___ crazy-INCH-INCEP-SUBIS-TOP
-The English translation of this sentence is:We could also stand around naked, going crazy.
-Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Present-tense conditional verbs in \SYQ{} may receive at least existential ability, circumstantial, deontic, epistemic and teleological interpretations. Past-tense conditional verbs may, in addition to these, also receive universal deontic and epistemic interpretations. That is, present-tense conditionals are specified for modal force [existential], but not modal base, while past-tense conditionals are specified for neither force nor base. \phono{-trI} restricts the interpretation of conditionals, generally excluding all but epistemic readings. In the case of past-tense conditionals, it generally excludes all but universal readings, as well. For example, although the present-tense conditional of~(\ref{GloB:Qalapis}), \phono{saya-ru-chuwan} ‘we could stand around’, is normally five-ways ambiguous, under the scope of \phono{-trI}, only the existential epistemic reading available: ‘it could happen that we stand around’. Similarly, although the past-tense conditional of~(\ref{GloB:mikuramanman}), \phono{miku-ra-ma-n-man} \phono{ka-rqa-\uo} ‘could/would/should/might have eaten me’, is normally seven-ways ambiguous, under the scope of \phono{-trI}, only the universal epistemic reading is available: ‘the Devil would necessarily have eaten me’. The context for~(\ref{GloB:Qalapis}) --~a discussion of women and alcohol~-- supports the epistemic reading. The speaker, a woman who in her eighty-odd years had never taken alcohol, was speculating on what would happen if women were to drink. Her conclusion: it’s possible we would stand around naked, going crazy.\\
-A: word: ka-ya-chuwan-tri	 gloss: be-PROG-1PL.COND-EVC
-B: word: saya-ru-chuwan-tri	 gloss: stand-URGT-1PL.COND-EVC
-C: word: ashna-ku-lla-shaq-tri-ki	 gloss: smell-REFL-RSTR-1.FUT-EVC-IKI
-D: word: shinka-ru-chuwan	 gloss: get.drunk-URGT-1PL.COND
-Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
-Correct Answer: B
-Question 11:
-You are a linguist specializing in Yauyos Quechua. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option.
-Sentence (with missing item): qala-pis ___ luku-ya-ri-shpa-qa
-Gloss (with missing item): naked-ADD ___ crazy-INCH-INCEP-SUBIS-TOP
-The English translation of this sentence is:We could also stand around naked, going crazy.
-Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Present-tense conditional verbs in \SYQ{} may receive at least existential ability, circumstantial, deontic, epistemic and teleological interpretations. Past-tense conditional verbs may, in addition to these, also receive universal deontic and epistemic interpretations. That is, present-tense conditionals are specified for modal force [existential], but not modal base, while past-tense conditionals are specified for neither force nor base. \phono{-trI} restricts the interpretation of conditionals, generally excluding all but epistemic readings. In the case of past-tense conditionals, it generally excludes all but universal readings, as well. For example, although the present-tense conditional of~(\ref{GloB:Qalapis}), \phono{saya-ru-chuwan} ‘we could stand around’, is normally five-ways ambiguous, under the scope of \phono{-trI}, only the existential epistemic reading available: ‘it could happen that we stand around’. Similarly, although the past-tense conditional of~(\ref{GloB:mikuramanman}), \phono{miku-ra-ma-n-man} \phono{ka-rqa-\uo} ‘could/would/should/might have eaten me’, is normally seven-ways ambiguous, under the scope of \phono{-trI}, only the universal epistemic reading is available: ‘the Devil would necessarily have eaten me’. The context for~(\ref{GloB:Qalapis}) --~a discussion of women and alcohol~-- supports the epistemic reading. The speaker, a woman who in her eighty-odd years had never taken alcohol, was speculating on what would happen if women were to drink. Her conclusion: it’s possible we would stand around naked, going crazy.\\
-A: word: saya-ru-chuwan-tri	 gloss: stand-URGT-1PL.COND-EVC
-B: word: ka-ya-n-man-tri	 gloss: be-PROG-3-COND-EVC
-C: word: shinka-ru-chuwan	 gloss: get.drunk-URGT-1PL.COND
-D: word: ka-ya-chuwan-tri	 gloss: be-PROG-1PL.COND-EVC
-Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
-Correct Answer: A
-Question 12:
-You are a linguist specializing in Yauyos Quechua. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option.
-Sentence (with missing item): kuka-cha-n-kuna-ta apa-ru-pti-y-qa ___
-Gloss (with missing item): coca-DIM-3-PL-ACC bring-URGT-SUBDS-1-TOP ___
-The English translation of this sentence is:When I bring them their coca, they will accompany me sitting.
-Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: If it is the case, as \citet{Copley09} argue,\index[aut]{Copley, Bridget} and \citet{Matthewson05}\index[aut]{Matthewson, Lisa}\index[aut]{Rullmann, Hotze}\index[aut]{Davis, Henry} that the future tense is a modal specified for both force, [universal], and base, [metaphysical] or [circumstantial], \phono{-trI} should have no effect on the interpretation of mode in the case of future-tense verbs. This is indeed the case. For example, both the \phono{tiya-pa-ru-wa-nga} of~(\ref{GloB:Kukachankunata}) and \phono{ashna-ku-lla-shaq} of~(\ref{GloB:Ashnakullashaq}) receive exactly the interpretations they would have were they not under the scope of \phono{-trI:} ‘they will accompany me sitting’ and ‘I’m going to stink’, respectively. This does not mean that \phono{-trI-\uo/ik/iki} has no effect on the interpretation of future-tense verbs, however. Although it leaves \lsc{tam} interpretation unaffected, \phono{-trI} continues to indicate that the proposition under its scope is a conjecture. And \phono{-ik} and \phono{-iki}, as they do in conjunction with \phono{-mI}, indicate increasingly immediate or certain futures. So, although the \lsc{tam} interpretations of~(\ref{GloB:Kukachankunata})’s \phono{tiya-pa-ru-wa-nga} ‘will accompany me sitting’ and~(\ref{GloB:Ashnakullashaq})’s \phono{ashna-ku-lla-shaq} ‘I’m going to stink’ are unchanged under the scope of \phono{-trI}, the \phono{-ik} of the first and the \phono{-iki} of the second signal immediate and certain futures, respectively. In~(\ref{GloB:Kukachankunata}), that future was about an hour away: it was 6 o’clock and the those who were to accompany the speaker were expected at 7:00 for a healing ceremony. The context for~(\ref{GloB:Ashnakullashaq}), too, was a healing ceremony. The speaker was referring to the upcoming part of the ceremony in which she would have to wash with putrid urine --~certain to make anyone stink!\\
-A: word: yaku-ta-mi-ki	 gloss: water-ACC-EVD-IKI
-B: word: chay-yuq-tri-ki	 gloss: DEM.D-POSS-EVC-IKI
-C: word: tiya-pa-ru-wa-nqa-tri-k	 gloss: sit-BEN-URGT-1.OBJ-3.FUT-EVC-IK
-D: word: pasa-ru-wa-nqa	 gloss: pass-URGT-1.OBJ-3.FUT
-Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
-Correct Answer: C
-Question 13:
-You are a linguist specializing in Yauyos Quechua. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option.
-Sentence (with missing item): ___
-Gloss (with missing item): ___
-The English translation of this sentence is:I’m going to stink!
-Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: If it is the case, as \citet{Copley09} argue,\index[aut]{Copley, Bridget} and \citet{Matthewson05}\index[aut]{Matthewson, Lisa}\index[aut]{Rullmann, Hotze}\index[aut]{Davis, Henry} that the future tense is a modal specified for both force, [universal], and base, [metaphysical] or [circumstantial], \phono{-trI} should have no effect on the interpretation of mode in the case of future-tense verbs. This is indeed the case. For example, both the \phono{tiya-pa-ru-wa-nga} of~(\ref{GloB:Kukachankunata}) and \phono{ashna-ku-lla-shaq} of~(\ref{GloB:Ashnakullashaq}) receive exactly the interpretations they would have were they not under the scope of \phono{-trI:} ‘they will accompany me sitting’ and ‘I’m going to stink’, respectively. This does not mean that \phono{-trI-\uo/ik/iki} has no effect on the interpretation of future-tense verbs, however. Although it leaves \lsc{tam} interpretation unaffected, \phono{-trI} continues to indicate that the proposition under its scope is a conjecture. And \phono{-ik} and \phono{-iki}, as they do in conjunction with \phono{-mI}, indicate increasingly immediate or certain futures. So, although the \lsc{tam} interpretations of~(\ref{GloB:Kukachankunata})’s \phono{tiya-pa-ru-wa-nga} ‘will accompany me sitting’ and~(\ref{GloB:Ashnakullashaq})’s \phono{ashna-ku-lla-shaq} ‘I’m going to stink’ are unchanged under the scope of \phono{-trI}, the \phono{-ik} of the first and the \phono{-iki} of the second signal immediate and certain futures, respectively. In~(\ref{GloB:Kukachankunata}), that future was about an hour away: it was 6 o’clock and the those who were to accompany the speaker were expected at 7:00 for a healing ceremony. The context for~(\ref{GloB:Ashnakullashaq}), too, was a healing ceremony. The speaker was referring to the upcoming part of the ceremony in which she would have to wash with putrid urine --~certain to make anyone stink!\\
-A: word: saya-ru-chuwan-tri	 gloss: stand-URGT-1PL.COND-EVC
-B: word: lava-shun-tri-ki	 gloss: wash-1PL.FUT-EVC-IKI
-C: word: ashna-ku-lla-shaq-tri-ki	 gloss: smell-REFL-RSTR-1.FUT-EVC-IKI
-D: word: pasaypaq-tri-ki	 gloss: completely-EVC-IKI
-Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
-Correct Answer: C
-Question 14:
-You are a linguist specializing in Yauyos Quechua. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option.
-Sentence (with missing item): kuka-cha-n-kuna-ta apa-ru-pti-y-qa ___
-Gloss (with missing item): coca-DIM-3-PL-ACC bring-URGT-SUBDS-1-TOP ___
-The English translation of this sentence is:When I bring them their coca, they will accompany me sitting.
-Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: If it is the case, as \citet{Copley09} argue,\index[aut]{Copley, Bridget} and \citet{Matthewson05}\index[aut]{Matthewson, Lisa}\index[aut]{Rullmann, Hotze}\index[aut]{Davis, Henry} that the future tense is a modal specified for both force, [universal], and base, [metaphysical] or [circumstantial], \phono{-trI} should have no effect on the interpretation of mode in the case of future-tense verbs. This is indeed the case. For example, both the \phono{tiya-pa-ru-wa-nga} of~(\ref{GloB:Kukachankunata}) and \phono{ashna-ku-lla-shaq} of~(\ref{GloB:Ashnakullashaq}) receive exactly the interpretations they would have were they not under the scope of \phono{-trI:} ‘they will accompany me sitting’ and ‘I’m going to stink’, respectively. This does not mean that \phono{-trI-\uo/ik/iki} has no effect on the interpretation of future-tense verbs, however. Although it leaves \lsc{tam} interpretation unaffected, \phono{-trI} continues to indicate that the proposition under its scope is a conjecture. And \phono{-ik} and \phono{-iki}, as they do in conjunction with \phono{-mI}, indicate increasingly immediate or certain futures. So, although the \lsc{tam} interpretations of~(\ref{GloB:Kukachankunata})’s \phono{tiya-pa-ru-wa-nga} ‘will accompany me sitting’ and~(\ref{GloB:Ashnakullashaq})’s \phono{ashna-ku-lla-shaq} ‘I’m going to stink’ are unchanged under the scope of \phono{-trI}, the \phono{-ik} of the first and the \phono{-iki} of the second signal immediate and certain futures, respectively. In~(\ref{GloB:Kukachankunata}), that future was about an hour away: it was 6 o’clock and the those who were to accompany the speaker were expected at 7:00 for a healing ceremony. The context for~(\ref{GloB:Ashnakullashaq}), too, was a healing ceremony. The speaker was referring to the upcoming part of the ceremony in which she would have to wash with putrid urine --~certain to make anyone stink!\\
-A: word: tiya-pa-ru-wa-nqa-tri-k	 gloss: sit-BEN-URGT-1.OBJ-3.FUT-EVC-IK
-B: word: chay-yuq-tri-ki	 gloss: DEM.D-POSS-EVC-IKI
-C: word: ri-shaq	 gloss: go-1.FUT
-D: word: pasa-ru-wa-nqa	 gloss: pass-URGT-1.OBJ-3.FUT
-Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
-Correct Answer: A
-Question 15:
-You are a linguist specializing in Yauyos Quechua. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option.
-Sentence (with missing item): ___
-Gloss (with missing item): ___
-The English translation of this sentence is:I’m going to stink!
-Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: If it is the case, as \citet{Copley09} argue,\index[aut]{Copley, Bridget} and \citet{Matthewson05}\index[aut]{Matthewson, Lisa}\index[aut]{Rullmann, Hotze}\index[aut]{Davis, Henry} that the future tense is a modal specified for both force, [universal], and base, [metaphysical] or [circumstantial], \phono{-trI} should have no effect on the interpretation of mode in the case of future-tense verbs. This is indeed the case. For example, both the \phono{tiya-pa-ru-wa-nga} of~(\ref{GloB:Kukachankunata}) and \phono{ashna-ku-lla-shaq} of~(\ref{GloB:Ashnakullashaq}) receive exactly the interpretations they would have were they not under the scope of \phono{-trI:} ‘they will accompany me sitting’ and ‘I’m going to stink’, respectively. This does not mean that \phono{-trI-\uo/ik/iki} has no effect on the interpretation of future-tense verbs, however. Although it leaves \lsc{tam} interpretation unaffected, \phono{-trI} continues to indicate that the proposition under its scope is a conjecture. And \phono{-ik} and \phono{-iki}, as they do in conjunction with \phono{-mI}, indicate increasingly immediate or certain futures. So, although the \lsc{tam} interpretations of~(\ref{GloB:Kukachankunata})’s \phono{tiya-pa-ru-wa-nga} ‘will accompany me sitting’ and~(\ref{GloB:Ashnakullashaq})’s \phono{ashna-ku-lla-shaq} ‘I’m going to stink’ are unchanged under the scope of \phono{-trI}, the \phono{-ik} of the first and the \phono{-iki} of the second signal immediate and certain futures, respectively. In~(\ref{GloB:Kukachankunata}), that future was about an hour away: it was 6 o’clock and the those who were to accompany the speaker were expected at 7:00 for a healing ceremony. The context for~(\ref{GloB:Ashnakullashaq}), too, was a healing ceremony. The speaker was referring to the upcoming part of the ceremony in which she would have to wash with putrid urine --~certain to make anyone stink!\\
-A: word: lava-shun-tri-ki	 gloss: wash-1PL.FUT-EVC-IKI
-B: word: ashna-ku-lla-shaq-tri-ki	 gloss: smell-REFL-RSTR-1.FUT-EVC-IKI
-C: word: anu-ya-n-ña-tr-iki	 gloss: wean-PROG-3-DISC-EVD-IKI
-D: word: pasaypaq-tri-ki	 gloss: completely-EVC-IKI
-Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
-Correct Answer: B
-Question 16:
-You are a linguist specializing in Yauyos Quechua. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option.
-Sentence (with missing item): kuka-cha-n-kuna-ta apa-ru-pti-y-qa ___
-Gloss (with missing item): coca-DIM-3-PL-ACC bring-URGT-SUBDS-1-TOP ___
-The English translation of this sentence is:When I bring them their coca, they will accompany me sitting.
-Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: If it is the case, as \citet{Copley09} argue,\index[aut]{Copley, Bridget} and \citet{Matthewson05}\index[aut]{Matthewson, Lisa}\index[aut]{Rullmann, Hotze}\index[aut]{Davis, Henry} that the future tense is a modal specified for both force, [universal], and base, [metaphysical] or [circumstantial], \phono{-trI} should have no effect on the interpretation of mode in the case of future-tense verbs. This is indeed the case. For example, both the \phono{tiya-pa-ru-wa-nga} of~(\ref{GloB:Kukachankunata}) and \phono{ashna-ku-lla-shaq} of~(\ref{GloB:Ashnakullashaq}) receive exactly the interpretations they would have were they not under the scope of \phono{-trI:} ‘they will accompany me sitting’ and ‘I’m going to stink’, respectively. This does not mean that \phono{-trI-\uo/ik/iki} has no effect on the interpretation of future-tense verbs, however. Although it leaves \lsc{tam} interpretation unaffected, \phono{-trI} continues to indicate that the proposition under its scope is a conjecture. And \phono{-ik} and \phono{-iki}, as they do in conjunction with \phono{-mI}, indicate increasingly immediate or certain futures. So, although the \lsc{tam} interpretations of~(\ref{GloB:Kukachankunata})’s \phono{tiya-pa-ru-wa-nga} ‘will accompany me sitting’ and~(\ref{GloB:Ashnakullashaq})’s \phono{ashna-ku-lla-shaq} ‘I’m going to stink’ are unchanged under the scope of \phono{-trI}, the \phono{-ik} of the first and the \phono{-iki} of the second signal immediate and certain futures, respectively. In~(\ref{GloB:Kukachankunata}), that future was about an hour away: it was 6 o’clock and the those who were to accompany the speaker were expected at 7:00 for a healing ceremony. The context for~(\ref{GloB:Ashnakullashaq}), too, was a healing ceremony. The speaker was referring to the upcoming part of the ceremony in which she would have to wash with putrid urine --~certain to make anyone stink!\\
-A: word: chay-yuq-tri-ki	 gloss: DEM.D-POSS-EVC-IKI
-B: word: tiya-pa-ru-wa-nqa-tri-k	 gloss: sit-BEN-URGT-1.OBJ-3.FUT-EVC-IK
-C: word: pasa-ru-wa-nqa	 gloss: pass-URGT-1.OBJ-3.FUT
-D: word: anu-ya-n-ña-tr-iki	 gloss: wean-PROG-3-DISC-EVD-IKI
-Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
-Correct Answer: B
-Question 17:
-You are a linguist specializing in Yauyos Quechua. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option.
-Sentence (with missing item): ___
-Gloss (with missing item): ___
-The English translation of this sentence is:I’m going to stink!
-Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: If it is the case, as \citet{Copley09} argue,\index[aut]{Copley, Bridget} and \citet{Matthewson05}\index[aut]{Matthewson, Lisa}\index[aut]{Rullmann, Hotze}\index[aut]{Davis, Henry} that the future tense is a modal specified for both force, [universal], and base, [metaphysical] or [circumstantial], \phono{-trI} should have no effect on the interpretation of mode in the case of future-tense verbs. This is indeed the case. For example, both the \phono{tiya-pa-ru-wa-nga} of~(\ref{GloB:Kukachankunata}) and \phono{ashna-ku-lla-shaq} of~(\ref{GloB:Ashnakullashaq}) receive exactly the interpretations they would have were they not under the scope of \phono{-trI:} ‘they will accompany me sitting’ and ‘I’m going to stink’, respectively. This does not mean that \phono{-trI-\uo/ik/iki} has no effect on the interpretation of future-tense verbs, however. Although it leaves \lsc{tam} interpretation unaffected, \phono{-trI} continues to indicate that the proposition under its scope is a conjecture. And \phono{-ik} and \phono{-iki}, as they do in conjunction with \phono{-mI}, indicate increasingly immediate or certain futures. So, although the \lsc{tam} interpretations of~(\ref{GloB:Kukachankunata})’s \phono{tiya-pa-ru-wa-nga} ‘will accompany me sitting’ and~(\ref{GloB:Ashnakullashaq})’s \phono{ashna-ku-lla-shaq} ‘I’m going to stink’ are unchanged under the scope of \phono{-trI}, the \phono{-ik} of the first and the \phono{-iki} of the second signal immediate and certain futures, respectively. In~(\ref{GloB:Kukachankunata}), that future was about an hour away: it was 6 o’clock and the those who were to accompany the speaker were expected at 7:00 for a healing ceremony. The context for~(\ref{GloB:Ashnakullashaq}), too, was a healing ceremony. The speaker was referring to the upcoming part of the ceremony in which she would have to wash with putrid urine --~certain to make anyone stink!\\
-A: word: ri-shaq	 gloss: go-1.FUT
-B: word: pasaypaq-tri-ki	 gloss: completely-EVC-IKI
-C: word: lava-shun-tri-ki	 gloss: wash-1PL.FUT-EVC-IKI
-D: word: ashna-ku-lla-shaq-tri-ki	 gloss: smell-REFL-RSTR-1.FUT-EVC-IKI
-Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
-Correct Answer: D
-Question 18:
-You are a linguist specializing in Yauyos Quechua. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option.
-Sentence (with missing item): alma-yuq-pis ___
-Gloss (with missing item): soul-POSS-ADD ___
-The English translation of this sentence is:She might be accompanied by a soul.
-Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In those cases in which \phono{-ik} and \phono{-iki} modify \phono{-trI}, they generally correspond to increases in certainty of conjecture: a \phono{-tr-ik} conjecture is interpreted as more certain than a \phono{-trI\uo} conjecture; and a \phono{-tr-iki} conjecture is interpreted as more certain still. Recall that under the scope of \phono{-trI}, present-tense conditional verbs generally receive existential epistemic interpretations while past-tense-conditional as well as simple-present- and simple-past-tense verbs generally receive universal epistemic interpretations. In the case of the first, \phono{-k} and \phono{-ki} yield increasingly strong possibility readings; in the case of the second, third and fourth, increasingly strong necessity readings. So, under the scope of \phono{trI-\uo}, the present-tense conditional \phono{wañu-ru-n-man} [die-\lsc{urgt}-3-\lsc{cond}] ‘could die’ receives something like a weak possibility reading; under \phono{-tr-iki}, in contrast, the same phrase receives something like a strong possibility reading. Consultants explain that the \phono{-\uo} form might be used in a situation where the person was sick but it remained to be seen whether he would die; the \phono{-iki} form, in contrast, might be used in a situation where the person was gravely ill and far more likely to die. Similarly, under the scope of \phono{-trI-\uo}, the simple past tense \phono{wañu-rqa-\uo} [die-\lsc{pst}-3] ‘died’ would receive something like a weak necessity reading: it is highly probable but not completely certain that the person died. In contrast, under the scope of \phono{-tr-iki}, the same phrase would receive something like a strong necessity reading: it is very highly probable, indeed, virtually certain, that the person died. Consultants explain that a speaker might use \phono{-\uo} form if she knew, say, that the person, who had been very sick, still had not returned two months after having been transported down the mountain to a hospital in Lima. In contrast, that same speaker might use the \phono{-iki} form if she had, additionally, say, heard funeral bells ringing and seen two of person’s daughters crying in the church. (\ref{GloB:Almayuqpis}) and~(\ref{GloB:Anuyanna}) give naturally-occurring examples. In~(\ref{GloB:Almayuqpis}), the speaker\tss{i} makes a present-tense conditional \phono{-trI-\uo} conjecture: She\tss{j} could possibly be with a soul (\ie,~accompanied by the spirit of a recently deceased relative). The speaker made this conjecture after hearing the report of a single piece of evidence --~that a calf had spooked when she\tss{j} came near. Surely, whether or not a person is walking around with the spirit of a recently dead relative hovering somewhere close by is a hard thing to judge, even with an accumulation of evidence. In this case, only the weak \phono{-\uo} form is licensed. In~(\ref{GloB:Anuyanna}), in contrast, the speaker makes a simple-present-tense \phono{-tr-iki} conjecture: A certain calf (a friend’s) must be being weaned. The speaker, having spent all but a half dozen of her 70-odd years raising goats, sheep, cows and alpacas, would not just be making an educated guess as to whether a calf was being weaned. She knows the signs. In this situation, the strong \phono{-iki} form is licensed.\\
-A: word: ashna-ku-lla-shaq-tri-ki	 gloss: smell-REFL-RSTR-1.FUT-EVC-IKI
-B: word: paga-ru-lla-wa-n-man-tri	 gloss: pay-URGT-RSTR-1.OBJ-3-COND-EVC
-C: word: ka-ya-n-man-tri	 gloss: be-PROG-3-COND-EVC
-D: word: ka-ya-chuwan-tri	 gloss: be-PROG-1PL.COND-EVC
-Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
-Correct Answer: C
-Question 19:
-You are a linguist specializing in Yauyos Quechua. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option.
-Sentence (with missing item): ___
-Gloss (with missing item): ___
-The English translation of this sentence is:She must be weaning him already, for sure.
-Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In those cases in which \phono{-ik} and \phono{-iki} modify \phono{-trI}, they generally correspond to increases in certainty of conjecture: a \phono{-tr-ik} conjecture is interpreted as more certain than a \phono{-trI\uo} conjecture; and a \phono{-tr-iki} conjecture is interpreted as more certain still. Recall that under the scope of \phono{-trI}, present-tense conditional verbs generally receive existential epistemic interpretations while past-tense-conditional as well as simple-present- and simple-past-tense verbs generally receive universal epistemic interpretations. In the case of the first, \phono{-k} and \phono{-ki} yield increasingly strong possibility readings; in the case of the second, third and fourth, increasingly strong necessity readings. So, under the scope of \phono{trI-\uo}, the present-tense conditional \phono{wañu-ru-n-man} [die-\lsc{urgt}-3-\lsc{cond}] ‘could die’ receives something like a weak possibility reading; under \phono{-tr-iki}, in contrast, the same phrase receives something like a strong possibility reading. Consultants explain that the \phono{-\uo} form might be used in a situation where the person was sick but it remained to be seen whether he would die; the \phono{-iki} form, in contrast, might be used in a situation where the person was gravely ill and far more likely to die. Similarly, under the scope of \phono{-trI-\uo}, the simple past tense \phono{wañu-rqa-\uo} [die-\lsc{pst}-3] ‘died’ would receive something like a weak necessity reading: it is highly probable but not completely certain that the person died. In contrast, under the scope of \phono{-tr-iki}, the same phrase would receive something like a strong necessity reading: it is very highly probable, indeed, virtually certain, that the person died. Consultants explain that a speaker might use \phono{-\uo} form if she knew, say, that the person, who had been very sick, still had not returned two months after having been transported down the mountain to a hospital in Lima. In contrast, that same speaker might use the \phono{-iki} form if she had, additionally, say, heard funeral bells ringing and seen two of person’s daughters crying in the church. (\ref{GloB:Almayuqpis}) and~(\ref{GloB:Anuyanna}) give naturally-occurring examples. In~(\ref{GloB:Almayuqpis}), the speaker\tss{i} makes a present-tense conditional \phono{-trI-\uo} conjecture: She\tss{j} could possibly be with a soul (\ie,~accompanied by the spirit of a recently deceased relative). The speaker made this conjecture after hearing the report of a single piece of evidence --~that a calf had spooked when she\tss{j} came near. Surely, whether or not a person is walking around with the spirit of a recently dead relative hovering somewhere close by is a hard thing to judge, even with an accumulation of evidence. In this case, only the weak \phono{-\uo} form is licensed. In~(\ref{GloB:Anuyanna}), in contrast, the speaker makes a simple-present-tense \phono{-tr-iki} conjecture: A certain calf (a friend’s) must be being weaned. The speaker, having spent all but a half dozen of her 70-odd years raising goats, sheep, cows and alpacas, would not just be making an educated guess as to whether a calf was being weaned. She knows the signs. In this situation, the strong \phono{-iki} form is licensed.\\
-A: word: anu-ya-n-ña-tr-iki	 gloss: wean-PROG-3-DISC-EVD-IKI
-B: word: karga-ra-ya-n-ña-mi-ki	 gloss: carry-UNINT-INTENS-3-DISC-3-EVD-IKI
-C: word: umbru-ya-n-ña-tr	 gloss: carry.on.shoulder-PROG-3-DISC-EVC
-D: word: chinka-ku-ra-ña-m-iki	 gloss: lose-REFL-PST-DISC-EVD-IKI
-Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
-Correct Answer: A
-Question 20:
-You are a linguist specializing in Yauyos Quechua. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option.
-Sentence (with missing item): alma-yuq-pis ___
-Gloss (with missing item): soul-POSS-ADD ___
-The English translation of this sentence is:She might be accompanied by a soul.
-Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In those cases in which \phono{-ik} and \phono{-iki} modify \phono{-trI}, they generally correspond to increases in certainty of conjecture: a \phono{-tr-ik} conjecture is interpreted as more certain than a \phono{-trI\uo} conjecture; and a \phono{-tr-iki} conjecture is interpreted as more certain still. Recall that under the scope of \phono{-trI}, present-tense conditional verbs generally receive existential epistemic interpretations while past-tense-conditional as well as simple-present- and simple-past-tense verbs generally receive universal epistemic interpretations. In the case of the first, \phono{-k} and \phono{-ki} yield increasingly strong possibility readings; in the case of the second, third and fourth, increasingly strong necessity readings. So, under the scope of \phono{trI-\uo}, the present-tense conditional \phono{wañu-ru-n-man} [die-\lsc{urgt}-3-\lsc{cond}] ‘could die’ receives something like a weak possibility reading; under \phono{-tr-iki}, in contrast, the same phrase receives something like a strong possibility reading. Consultants explain that the \phono{-\uo} form might be used in a situation where the person was sick but it remained to be seen whether he would die; the \phono{-iki} form, in contrast, might be used in a situation where the person was gravely ill and far more likely to die. Similarly, under the scope of \phono{-trI-\uo}, the simple past tense \phono{wañu-rqa-\uo} [die-\lsc{pst}-3] ‘died’ would receive something like a weak necessity reading: it is highly probable but not completely certain that the person died. In contrast, under the scope of \phono{-tr-iki}, the same phrase would receive something like a strong necessity reading: it is very highly probable, indeed, virtually certain, that the person died. Consultants explain that a speaker might use \phono{-\uo} form if she knew, say, that the person, who had been very sick, still had not returned two months after having been transported down the mountain to a hospital in Lima. In contrast, that same speaker might use the \phono{-iki} form if she had, additionally, say, heard funeral bells ringing and seen two of person’s daughters crying in the church. (\ref{GloB:Almayuqpis}) and~(\ref{GloB:Anuyanna}) give naturally-occurring examples. In~(\ref{GloB:Almayuqpis}), the speaker\tss{i} makes a present-tense conditional \phono{-trI-\uo} conjecture: She\tss{j} could possibly be with a soul (\ie,~accompanied by the spirit of a recently deceased relative). The speaker made this conjecture after hearing the report of a single piece of evidence --~that a calf had spooked when she\tss{j} came near. Surely, whether or not a person is walking around with the spirit of a recently dead relative hovering somewhere close by is a hard thing to judge, even with an accumulation of evidence. In this case, only the weak \phono{-\uo} form is licensed. In~(\ref{GloB:Anuyanna}), in contrast, the speaker makes a simple-present-tense \phono{-tr-iki} conjecture: A certain calf (a friend’s) must be being weaned. The speaker, having spent all but a half dozen of her 70-odd years raising goats, sheep, cows and alpacas, would not just be making an educated guess as to whether a calf was being weaned. She knows the signs. In this situation, the strong \phono{-iki} form is licensed.\\
-A: word: paga-ru-lla-wa-n-man-tri	 gloss: pay-URGT-RSTR-1.OBJ-3-COND-EVC
-B: word: puchuka-paku-nchik-m-iki	 gloss: finish-MUTBEN-1PL-EVD-IKI
-C: word: ka-ya-chuwan-tri	 gloss: be-PROG-1PL.COND-EVC
-D: word: ka-ya-n-man-tri	 gloss: be-PROG-3-COND-EVC
-Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
-Correct Answer: D
-Question 21:
-You are a linguist specializing in Yauyos Quechua. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option.
-Sentence (with missing item): ___
-Gloss (with missing item): ___
-The English translation of this sentence is:She must be weaning him already, for sure.
-Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In those cases in which \phono{-ik} and \phono{-iki} modify \phono{-trI}, they generally correspond to increases in certainty of conjecture: a \phono{-tr-ik} conjecture is interpreted as more certain than a \phono{-trI\uo} conjecture; and a \phono{-tr-iki} conjecture is interpreted as more certain still. Recall that under the scope of \phono{-trI}, present-tense conditional verbs generally receive existential epistemic interpretations while past-tense-conditional as well as simple-present- and simple-past-tense verbs generally receive universal epistemic interpretations. In the case of the first, \phono{-k} and \phono{-ki} yield increasingly strong possibility readings; in the case of the second, third and fourth, increasingly strong necessity readings. So, under the scope of \phono{trI-\uo}, the present-tense conditional \phono{wañu-ru-n-man} [die-\lsc{urgt}-3-\lsc{cond}] ‘could die’ receives something like a weak possibility reading; under \phono{-tr-iki}, in contrast, the same phrase receives something like a strong possibility reading. Consultants explain that the \phono{-\uo} form might be used in a situation where the person was sick but it remained to be seen whether he would die; the \phono{-iki} form, in contrast, might be used in a situation where the person was gravely ill and far more likely to die. Similarly, under the scope of \phono{-trI-\uo}, the simple past tense \phono{wañu-rqa-\uo} [die-\lsc{pst}-3] ‘died’ would receive something like a weak necessity reading: it is highly probable but not completely certain that the person died. In contrast, under the scope of \phono{-tr-iki}, the same phrase would receive something like a strong necessity reading: it is very highly probable, indeed, virtually certain, that the person died. Consultants explain that a speaker might use \phono{-\uo} form if she knew, say, that the person, who had been very sick, still had not returned two months after having been transported down the mountain to a hospital in Lima. In contrast, that same speaker might use the \phono{-iki} form if she had, additionally, say, heard funeral bells ringing and seen two of person’s daughters crying in the church. (\ref{GloB:Almayuqpis}) and~(\ref{GloB:Anuyanna}) give naturally-occurring examples. In~(\ref{GloB:Almayuqpis}), the speaker\tss{i} makes a present-tense conditional \phono{-trI-\uo} conjecture: She\tss{j} could possibly be with a soul (\ie,~accompanied by the spirit of a recently deceased relative). The speaker made this conjecture after hearing the report of a single piece of evidence --~that a calf had spooked when she\tss{j} came near. Surely, whether or not a person is walking around with the spirit of a recently dead relative hovering somewhere close by is a hard thing to judge, even with an accumulation of evidence. In this case, only the weak \phono{-\uo} form is licensed. In~(\ref{GloB:Anuyanna}), in contrast, the speaker makes a simple-present-tense \phono{-tr-iki} conjecture: A certain calf (a friend’s) must be being weaned. The speaker, having spent all but a half dozen of her 70-odd years raising goats, sheep, cows and alpacas, would not just be making an educated guess as to whether a calf was being weaned. She knows the signs. In this situation, the strong \phono{-iki} form is licensed.\\
-A: word: anu-ya-n-ña-tr-iki	 gloss: wean-PROG-3-DISC-EVD-IKI
-B: word: karga-ra-ya-n-ña-mi-ki	 gloss: carry-UNINT-INTENS-3-DISC-3-EVD-IKI
-C: word: saya-ru-chuwan-tri	 gloss: stand-URGT-1PL.COND-EVC
-D: word: umbru-ya-n-ña-tr	 gloss: carry.on.shoulder-PROG-3-DISC-EVC
-Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
-Correct Answer: A