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▁the ▁album ▁ 3 ▁out ▁of ▁ 5 ▁stars ▁and ▁wrote ▁" On ▁her ▁debut ▁album , ▁the ▁ 1 5 - year - old , ▁New ▁York ▁City - re ared ▁song str ess ▁ex udes ▁bucket ful s ▁of ▁s ass , ▁toss ing ▁her ▁long , ▁cur ly ▁tend r ils ▁and ▁singing ▁in ▁a ▁high ▁pitch ▁that ▁will ▁magnet ically ▁attract ▁reb elli ous ▁t ween ers ▁to... |
▁Gi ard ina ▁performed ▁" No ▁A verage ▁Angel " ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁U BS ▁Par ade ▁Spect ac ula ▁in ▁St am ford , ▁Connecticut . ▁On ▁January ▁ 1 8 , ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁Gi ard ina ▁had ▁a ▁release ▁party ▁for ▁her ▁album ▁at ▁F Y E ▁in ▁Port ▁Ch ester , ▁New ▁York ▁where ▁she ▁performed ▁some ▁of ▁the ▁songs ▁off ▁the ▁album... |
▁at ▁F Y E . ▁ ▁Track ▁listing ▁ ▁Notes ▁Song ▁lengths , ▁writing ▁cred its ▁and ▁producing ▁cred its ▁taken ▁from ▁the ▁No ▁A verage ▁Angel ▁l iner ▁notes . ▁The ▁first ▁ 1 , 0 0 0 ▁copies ▁of ▁the ▁album ▁includes ▁a ▁DVD ▁with ▁the ▁music ▁videos ▁for ▁" No ▁A verage ▁Angel " ▁and ▁" H ur ry ▁Up ▁and ▁Save ▁Me ". ▁ ... |
▁Herz berg ▁- ▁Mix ing ▁Kath ry n ▁Ra io ▁- ▁V oc als ▁( Background ) ▁Tim ▁Mark s ▁- ▁Bass ▁Jimmy ▁F ark as ▁- ▁Gu itar ▁J ill ▁Wal sh ▁- ▁Compos er , ▁V oc als ▁( Background ), ▁Produ cer ▁K yle ▁Ford ▁- ▁Engine er ▁T iff any ▁Gi ard ina ▁- ▁Compos er ▁Chris ▁Dec oc co ▁- ▁Engine er ▁James ▁Fra ze e ▁- ▁Ass istant ▁E... |
3 5 ▁by ▁the ▁M IT ▁Technology ▁Review ▁for ▁the ▁year ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁in ▁India . ▁Ro op am ▁bel ieves ▁that ▁people ▁with ▁passion ▁can ▁change ▁the ▁world ▁for ▁the ▁better . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁he ▁was ▁hon oured ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁Asia ' s ▁ 2 1 ▁Young ▁Le aders ▁In iti ative ▁in ▁Man ila . ▁ ▁Early ▁life , ▁education ▁and ▁r... |
▁Man av ▁Rach na ▁University ▁with ▁a ▁belief ▁that ▁students ▁who ▁worked ▁in ▁research ▁and ▁development ▁in ▁college ▁got ▁better ▁job ▁opportun ities ▁but ▁dest iny ▁had ▁other ▁plans ▁for ▁him . ▁Ro op am ' s ▁contributions ▁to ▁the ▁society ▁proves ▁that ▁he ▁innov ates ▁for ▁the ▁better ment ▁of ▁the ▁society . ... |
4 . ▁He ▁was ▁listed ▁on ▁the ▁M IT ▁Te ch ▁Review ▁ 3 5 ▁under ▁ 3 5 ▁list ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 6 . ▁ ▁Awards ▁and ▁achiev ements ▁ ▁Ro op am ▁was ▁recently ▁awarded ▁the ▁G ift ed ▁Cit izen ▁Prize ▁ 2 0 1 6 . ▁Each ▁year ▁the ▁G ift ed ▁Cit izen ▁Prize ▁is ▁given ▁to ▁the ▁best ▁social ▁entrepr ene ur ship ▁project ▁that ▁has... |
▁Category : 1 9 9 5 ▁birth s ▁Category : Ind ian ▁phil anth rop ists ▁Category : In vent ors ▁Category : Ind ian ▁human it ari ans ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Ind ian ▁computer ▁scient ists <0x0A> </s> ▁Robert ▁Patrick ▁Arm strong ▁ ▁( born ▁March ▁ 7 , ▁ 1 9 3 8 ) ▁is ▁a ▁Canadian ▁lawyer ▁and ▁retired ▁ju... |
▁joined ▁T ory s ▁in ▁Toronto ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 2 , ▁where ▁he ▁would ▁stay ▁until ▁his ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁appointment ▁to ▁the ▁Ontario ▁Court ▁of ▁App e al . ▁Arm strong ▁became ▁a ▁partner ▁at ▁T ory s ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 3 , ▁and ▁was ▁appointed ▁a ▁Queen ' s ▁Coun sel ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 8 . ▁ ▁Arm strong ▁was ▁commission ▁coun sel ▁in ▁the ▁ ... |
, ▁un ann ounced ▁drug - testing ▁of ▁athlet es ▁to ▁d eter ▁the ▁use ▁of ▁an abol ic ▁ster oid s . ▁ ▁Arm strong ▁has ▁appeared ▁in ▁important ▁cases ▁including ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 5 ▁case ▁of ▁Hill ▁v . ▁Church ▁of ▁Scient ology ▁of ▁Toronto ▁in ▁the ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁of ▁Canada . ▁ ▁Arm strong ▁was ▁a ▁ben cher ▁of ▁the ▁La... |
▁Canadian ▁law . ▁ ▁In ▁December ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁Arm strong ▁wrote ▁the ▁majority ▁decision ▁u ph old ing ▁a ▁lower ▁court ' s ▁decision ▁that ▁un ions ▁cannot ▁force ▁courts ▁to ▁en force ▁fin es ▁it ▁impos es ▁on ▁its ▁members ▁who ▁cross ▁pick et ▁lines . ▁Arm strong , ▁with ▁Justice ▁Paul ▁Rou le au ▁conc urr ing , ▁f... |
▁down ▁a ▁street ▁– ▁were ▁" high ly ▁threaten ing ▁and ▁persistent " ▁and ▁had ▁caused ▁the ▁comp lain ant ▁to ▁reason ably ▁fear ▁for ▁her ▁safety . ▁The ▁def endant ' s ▁application ▁for ▁leave ▁to ▁appeal ▁to ▁the ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁was ▁dismiss ed . ▁ ▁In ▁February ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁Arm strong , ▁supported ▁by ▁the ▁othe... |
▁a ▁Canadian ▁arbitr ation ▁firm , ▁as ▁a ▁resident ▁arbitr ator ▁and ▁medi ator . ▁Arm strong ▁was ▁also ▁a ▁Dist ingu ished ▁Vis iting ▁Jur ist ▁for ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁– ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁school ▁year ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Toronto ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Law . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁Court ▁of ▁App e al ▁for ▁Ontario... |
▁Roman ▁Empire ▁due ▁to ▁its ▁em per ors ▁having ▁been ▁proc laimed ▁as ▁Roman ▁em per ors ▁by ▁the ▁Pap acy . ▁Through ▁this ▁Roman ▁legacy , ▁the ▁Holy ▁Roman ▁Em per ors ▁claimed ▁to ▁be ▁universal ▁monarch s ▁whose ▁juris diction ▁extended ▁beyond ▁their ▁emp ire ' s ▁formal ▁borders ▁to ▁all ▁of ▁Christian ▁Europe... |
▁emp ire ▁def ended ▁itself ▁quite ▁well ▁initially , ▁war ▁with ▁France ▁and ▁Napoleon ▁proved ▁cat ast roph ic . ▁In ▁ 1 8 0 4 , ▁Napoleon ▁proc laimed ▁himself ▁as ▁the ▁Emperor ▁of ▁the ▁French , ▁which ▁Francis ▁II ▁respond ed ▁to ▁by ▁proc laim ing ▁himself ▁the ▁Emperor ▁of ▁Austria , ▁in ▁addition ▁to ▁already ... |
, ▁were ▁hor r ified ▁at ▁the ▁loss ▁of ▁the ▁emp ire . ▁Many ▁of ▁Francis ▁II ' s ▁former ▁subjects ▁question ed ▁the ▁leg ality ▁of ▁his ▁actions ; ▁though ▁his ▁ab dic ation ▁was ▁agreed ▁to ▁be ▁perfectly ▁legal , ▁the ▁dissol ution ▁of ▁the ▁emp ire ▁and ▁the ▁release ▁of ▁all ▁its ▁v ass als ▁were ▁seen ▁as ▁beyo... |
▁formally ▁recognized ▁the ▁r ul ers ▁of ▁Russia ▁as ▁em per ors ▁in ▁ 1 6 0 6 ▁and ▁the ▁s ult ans ▁of ▁the ▁Ott oman ▁Empire ▁as ▁em per ors ▁in ▁ 1 7 2 1 , ▁these ▁recogn itions ▁were ▁conditional ▁on ▁the ▁fact ▁that ▁the ▁Holy ▁Roman ▁Emperor ▁was ▁always ▁pre - em inent . ▁The ▁pre - em in ence ▁of ▁the ▁em peror... |
▁because ▁of ▁the ▁em peror ▁himself . ▁Because ▁the ▁Holy ▁Roman ▁Em per ors ▁were ▁the ▁intern ation ally ▁recognized ▁he irs ▁of ▁the ▁old ▁Roman ▁em per ors ▁and ▁the ▁for em ost ▁Christian ▁r ul ers , ▁they ▁claimed ▁( and ▁were ▁often ▁granted ) ▁preced ence ▁over ▁other ▁r ul ers . ▁ ▁Although ▁the ▁em per ors ▁... |
ism ▁remained ▁the ▁only ▁recognized ▁faith . ▁Even ▁then , ▁the ▁Imperial ▁Church ▁dimin ished ▁from ▁the ▁ 1 6 th ▁century ▁on wards , ▁only ▁Main z ▁surv iving ▁as ▁a ▁ecc les iast ical ▁territory ▁by ▁ 1 8 0 3 . ▁The ▁" hol y " ▁nature ▁of ▁the ▁emp ire ▁became ▁even ▁more ▁question able ▁when ▁the ▁possibility ▁of... |
gence ▁of ▁modern ▁so ver eign ▁territorial ▁states ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 6 th ▁and ▁ 1 7 th ▁centuries , ▁which ▁meant ▁the ▁rise ▁of ▁the ▁idea ▁that ▁juris diction ▁was ▁the ▁same ▁thing ▁as ▁direct ▁control ▁of ▁territory . ▁To ▁the ▁r ul ers ▁of ▁territorial ▁states , ▁both ▁the ▁Pap acy ▁and ▁the ▁Holy ▁Roman ▁Empire ▁rep... |
7 4 5 ▁G ross es ▁Universal - L ex icon . ▁This ▁view ▁dates ▁back ▁to ▁at ▁least ▁the ▁Peace ▁of ▁West phal ia ▁at ▁the ▁conclusion ▁of ▁the ▁Th irty ▁Years ' ▁War ▁in ▁ 1 6 4 8 , ▁where ▁the ▁emp ire ▁was ▁explicitly ▁defined ▁as ▁not ▁being ▁a ▁nation ▁state . ▁The ▁ 1 7 th ▁century ▁historian ▁Samuel ▁von ▁P uf end... |
▁the ▁emp ire , ▁with ▁the ▁ 1 8 0 1 ▁Peace ▁of ▁L un é ville ▁with ▁France ▁meaning ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁imperial ▁juris diction ▁in ▁the ▁Netherlands ▁and ▁Italy , ▁and ▁the ▁rise ▁of ▁powerful ▁German ▁r ul ers ▁in ▁the ▁north , ▁such ▁as ▁the ▁Kings ▁of ▁Pr uss ia , ▁causing ▁the ▁cons olid ation ▁of ▁many ▁previously ▁s... |
▁the ▁emp ire ▁was ▁not ▁in ▁terminal ▁decl ine ▁before ▁its ▁invol vement ▁in ▁the ▁French ▁Revolution ary ▁Wars ▁from ▁the ▁ 1 7 9 0 s ▁on wards . ▁In ▁the ▁ 1 8 th ▁century , ▁imperial ▁institutions ▁were ▁experien cing ▁something ▁a kin ▁to ▁a ▁r ena issance . ▁The ▁emp ire ▁represented ▁to ▁saf est ▁and ▁best ▁gua... |
ories ▁( over see ing ▁the ▁Second ▁and ▁Third ▁Part itions ▁of ▁Poland ), ▁taking ▁the ▁resources ▁and ▁military ▁strength ▁of ▁northern ▁Germany ▁with ▁it . ▁Despite ▁the ▁emp ire ' s ▁mount ing ▁difficulties ▁in ▁the ▁face ▁of ▁the ▁wars ▁with ▁France , ▁there ▁was ▁no ▁large - scale ▁popular ▁un rest ▁within ▁its ▁... |
▁influence ▁in ▁the ▁institutions ▁of ▁the ▁emp ire . ▁Though ▁the ▁western ▁parts ▁of ▁Pr uss ia , ▁such ▁as ▁Brandenburg , ▁remained ▁formal ▁parts ▁of ▁the ▁Holy ▁Roman ▁Empire ▁and ▁the ▁Pr us si ans ▁continued ▁to ▁be ▁represented ▁in ▁the ▁Reich stag , ▁Pr uss ia ▁ceased ▁to ▁comp ete ▁for ▁influence ▁in ▁imperia... |
ably ▁the ▁almost ▁complete ▁abol ition ▁of ▁any ▁church ▁territory ▁and ▁significant ▁territorial ▁g ains ▁for ▁Bav aria , ▁Baden , ▁Wür ttemberg , ▁H esse - D arm stadt ▁and ▁N ass au , ▁the ▁most ▁important ▁changes ▁were ▁in ▁the ▁emp ire ' s ▁elect oral ▁college . ▁Sal zburg ▁was ▁added ▁as ▁a ▁fourth ▁Catholic ▁e... |
▁fear s ▁that ▁it ▁might ▁insp ire ▁the ▁Russian ▁Emperor ▁to ▁ins ist ▁that ▁he ▁was ▁equal ▁to ▁the ▁Holy ▁Roman ▁Emperor ▁and ▁might ▁encou rage ▁other ▁monarch s , ▁such ▁as ▁George ▁III ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom , ▁to ▁also ▁proc laim ▁themselves ▁em per ors . ▁The ▁H abs burg ▁diplom at ▁Ludwig ▁von ▁Cob enz l , ... |
▁to ▁maintain ▁the ▁par ity ▁between ▁Austria ▁and ▁France ▁while ▁still ▁pres erving ▁the ▁Roman ▁imperial ▁title ▁as ▁pre - em inent , ▁out ran king ▁both . ▁ ▁Empire ▁of ▁Austria ▁▁ ▁Francis ▁II ▁proc laimed ▁himself ▁as ▁Emperor ▁of ▁Austria ▁( without ▁the ▁need ▁of ▁a ▁new ▁coron ation , ▁as ▁he ▁had ▁already ▁ha... |
▁of ▁Francis ▁II ' s ▁personal ▁domains ▁( not ▁just ▁Austria , ▁but ▁also ▁lands ▁such ▁as ▁Boh emia ▁and ▁Hung ary ), ▁regardless ▁of ▁their ▁current ▁position ▁within ▁or ▁outside ▁the ▁Holy ▁Roman ▁Empire . ▁" A ust ria " ▁in ▁this ▁sense ▁referred ▁to ▁the ▁dynast y ▁( o ften ▁officially ▁called ▁the ▁" H ouse ▁of... |
▁con cess ions , ▁he ▁needed ▁recognition ▁from ▁Austria ▁to ▁secure ▁wider ▁recognition ▁and ▁thus ▁agreed ▁to ▁recognize ▁Francis ▁II ' s ▁new ▁title . ▁Prior ▁to ▁his ▁own ▁coron ation , ▁he ▁sent ▁a ▁personal ▁letter ▁of ▁con gr at ulations ▁to ▁Francis . ▁George ▁III ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom ▁recognized ▁the ▁new... |
▁the ▁emp ire ▁were . ▁ ▁Peace ▁of ▁Press burg ▁▁ ▁The ▁War ▁of ▁the ▁Third ▁Co al ition ▁came ▁too ▁soon ▁for ▁Austria , ▁which ▁moved ▁against ▁France ▁in ▁September ▁ 1 8 0 5 . ▁De fe ated ▁at ▁the ▁Battle ▁of ▁Aust er l itz ▁on ▁ 2 ▁December ▁ 1 8 0 5 , ▁Austria ▁had ▁to ▁accept ▁terms ▁dict ated ▁by ▁Napoleon ▁in ... |
▁subject ▁to ▁a ▁second ▁attack ▁and ▁a ▁sp ate ▁of ▁an nex ations ▁by ▁those ▁states ▁al lied ▁to ▁Napoleon ▁in ▁November – Dec ember ▁ 1 8 0 5 . ▁In ▁response , ▁the ▁kn ights ' ▁corpor ation ▁( cor pus ▁e quest re ) ▁dissol ved ▁itself ▁on ▁ 2 0 ▁January ▁ 1 8 0 6 . ▁With ▁the ▁dissol ution ▁of ▁the ▁Empire , ▁the ▁... |
▁emp ire . ▁ ▁Form ation ▁of ▁the ▁Confeder ation ▁of ▁the ▁Rh ine ▁ ▁Through out ▁the ▁first ▁half ▁of ▁ 1 8 0 6 , ▁Bav aria , ▁Baden ▁and ▁Wür ttemberg ▁attempted ▁to ▁ste er ▁an ▁independent ▁course ▁between ▁the ▁dem ands ▁of ▁the ▁emp ire ▁and ▁Napoleon . ▁In ▁April ▁ 1 8 0 6 , ▁Napoleon ▁sought ▁a ▁treat y ▁where... |
▁nine ▁of ▁the ▁princes ▁who ▁had ▁formed ▁the ▁Confeder ation ▁of ▁the ▁Rh ine ▁issued ▁a ▁pro clam ation ▁in ▁which ▁they ▁just ified ▁their ▁actions ▁by ▁claim ing ▁that ▁the ▁Holy ▁Roman ▁Empire ▁had ▁already ▁col lapsed ▁and ▁ceased ▁to ▁function ▁due ▁to ▁the ▁defeat ▁in ▁the ▁Battle ▁of ▁Aust er l itz . ▁ ▁Abd i... |
▁to ▁Char lemagne ' s ▁legacy ; ▁rep lic as ▁of ▁Char lemagne ' s ▁crown ▁and ▁sword ▁had ▁been ▁made ▁for ▁( but ▁not ▁used ▁during ) ▁Napoleon ' s ▁coron ation ▁as ▁Emperor ▁of ▁the ▁French ▁and ▁he ▁con ci ously ▁rev ived ▁Roman ▁imperial ▁symbols ▁and ▁asp ired ▁to ▁create ▁a ▁new ▁order ▁in ▁Europe , ▁something ▁a... |
, ▁as ▁late ▁as ▁ 2 ▁August , ▁Joseph ▁Ha as , ▁the ▁head ▁of ▁the ▁principal ▁commission ' s ▁secret ariat , ▁hoped ▁that ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁Holy ▁Roman ▁Empire ▁might ▁yet ▁be ▁a vert ed . ▁The ▁general ▁opinion ▁among ▁the ▁Aust rian ▁high ▁command ▁was ▁however ▁that ▁ab dic ation ▁was ▁in ev itable ▁and ▁that ▁it... |
▁Roman ▁Empire ▁dissol ved , ▁Francis ▁II ▁could ▁focus ▁his ▁attention ▁on ▁the ▁continued ▁rise ▁and ▁prosper ity ▁of ▁his ▁new ▁her edit ary ▁emp ire , ▁as ▁Emperor ▁Francis ▁I ▁of ▁Austria . ▁ ▁On ▁the ▁morning ▁of ▁ 6 ▁August ▁ 1 8 0 6 , ▁the ▁imperial ▁her ald ▁of ▁the ▁Holy ▁Roman ▁Empire ▁rode ▁from ▁the ▁Hof b... |
— but ▁Francis ▁II ' s ▁ab dic ation ▁was ▁unique . ▁While ▁previous ▁ab dic ations ▁had ▁returned ▁the ▁imperial ▁crown ▁to ▁the ▁elect ors ▁so ▁that ▁they ▁may ▁proc laim ▁a ▁new ▁em peror , ▁Francis ▁II ' s ▁ab dic ation ▁simultaneously ▁dissol ved ▁the ▁emp ire ▁itself ▁so ▁that ▁there ▁were ▁no ▁more ▁elect ors . ... |
▁did ▁not ▁have ▁the ▁authority ▁to ▁dissol ve ▁the ▁emp ire . ▁As ▁such , ▁several ▁of ▁the ▁emp ire ' s ▁v ass als ▁refused ▁to ▁recognize ▁that ▁the ▁emp ire ▁had ▁ended . ▁As ▁late ▁as ▁October ▁ 1 8 0 6 , ▁far mers ▁in ▁Th uring ia ▁refused ▁to ▁accept ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁emp ire , ▁bel ieving ▁its ▁dissol ution ▁... |
▁argued ▁that ▁Francis ▁II ▁and ▁the ▁Aust ri ans ▁fought ▁to ▁save ▁the ▁largely ▁un gr ateful ▁Germany ▁from ▁the ▁forces ▁of ▁Napoleon , ▁only ▁withdraw ing ▁and ▁abandon ing ▁the ▁emp ire ▁when ▁most ▁of ▁Germany ▁bet rayed ▁them ▁and ▁joined ▁Napoleon . ▁Indeed , ▁the ▁assumption ▁of ▁a ▁separate ▁Aust rian ▁imper... |
ity ▁offers ▁a ▁wealth ▁of ▁material . ▁The ▁Roman ▁Empire ▁now ▁takes ▁its ▁place ▁in ▁the ▁sequence ▁of ▁van qu ished ▁emp ires ". ▁In ▁the ▁words ▁of ▁the ▁English ▁historian ▁James ▁Bry ce , ▁ 1 st ▁Vis count ▁Bry ce ▁in ▁his ▁ 1 8 6 4 ▁work ▁on ▁the ▁Holy ▁Roman ▁Empire , ▁the ▁emp ire ▁was ▁the ▁" old est ▁politi... |
' s ▁dissol ution ▁was ▁typically ▁cens ored , ▁especially ▁in ▁the ▁French - admin istr ated ▁Confeder ation ▁of ▁the ▁Rh ine . ▁Among ▁the ▁aspects ▁most ▁critic ized ▁by ▁the ▁general ▁popul ace ▁was ▁the ▁removal ▁or ▁replacement ▁of ▁the ▁traditional ▁inter cess ions ▁for ▁the ▁emp ire ▁and ▁em peror ▁in ▁the ▁dai... |
▁expected , ▁but ▁that ▁does ▁not ▁make ▁its ▁reality ▁any ▁less ▁moving ▁and ▁cr ushing . ▁It ▁cut s ▁off ▁the ▁last ▁thread ▁of ▁hope ▁to ▁which ▁one ▁tried ▁to ▁cl ing ". ▁Baron ▁von ▁Wi essen berg , ▁the ▁Aust rian ▁en voy ▁to ▁the ▁Elect or ate ▁of ▁H esse - K ass el , ▁reported ▁that ▁the ▁local ▁elect or , ▁Will... |
▁Roman ▁Empire ▁was ▁constit uted ▁by ▁Francis ▁II ' s ▁own ▁personal ▁ab dic ation ▁of ▁the ▁title ▁and ▁the ▁release ▁of ▁all ▁v ass als ▁and ▁imperial ▁states ▁from ▁their ▁oblig ations ▁and ▁duties ▁to ▁the ▁em peror . ▁The ▁title ▁of ▁Holy ▁Roman ▁Emperor ▁( the oret ically ▁the ▁same ▁title ▁as ▁Roman ▁em peror )... |
ity ▁in ▁particular . ▁Though ▁the ▁German ▁v ass als ▁of ▁the ▁Holy ▁Roman ▁Empire ▁had ▁been ▁released ▁from ▁their ▁oblig ations , ▁Francis ▁II ▁and ▁his ▁success ors ▁continued ▁to ▁rule ▁a ▁large ▁German - spe aking ▁population ▁and ▁the ▁Holy ▁Roman ▁imperial ▁reg alia ▁continued ▁to ▁be ▁kept ▁within ▁their ▁dom... |
▁Roman ▁Empire . ▁ ▁In ▁addition ▁to ▁the ▁Aust rian ▁Empire ▁( and ▁France ▁under ▁Napoleon ), ▁the ▁most ▁prominent ▁potential ▁claim ant ▁to ▁the ▁Holy ▁Roman ▁Empire ' s ▁legacy ▁( in ▁the ▁sense ▁of ▁r uling ▁Germany ) ▁in ▁the ▁w ake ▁of ▁its ▁collapse ▁and ▁dissol ution ▁was ▁the ▁Kingdom ▁of ▁Pr uss ia , ▁ruled... |
ul ers ▁and ▁their ▁officials ▁expressed ▁sorrow ▁at ▁the ▁col laps ing ▁state ▁of ▁the ▁Holy ▁Roman ▁Empire ▁from ▁ 1 7 9 2 ▁on wards , ▁they ▁were ▁also ▁critical ▁to ▁nost alg ia ▁for ▁Germany ' s ▁history ▁under ▁imperial ▁rule . ▁The ▁Pr us si ans ▁viewed ▁the ▁surv ival ▁ch ances ▁of ▁the ▁Holy ▁Roman ▁Empire ▁as... |
▁ult imate ▁defe ats ▁in ▁ 1 8 1 3 ▁and ▁ 1 8 1 5 , ▁their ▁position ▁changed ▁little . ▁Although ▁Germany ▁was ▁un ited ▁into ▁the ▁German ▁Empire ▁in ▁ 1 8 7 1 , ▁under ▁the ▁H oh enz oll ern ▁em peror ▁Wilhelm ▁I , ▁the ▁pro clam ation ▁of ▁the ▁new ▁emp ire ▁was ▁ide olog ically ▁problem atic ▁and ▁the ▁H oh enz ol... |
▁international ▁bodies ▁and ▁organizations . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Cit ations ▁ ▁Bibli ography ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁Abd ic ation ▁of ▁Francis ▁II , ▁Holy ▁Roman ▁Emperor ▁on ▁Wik is ource ▁▁▁ ▁Category : D iss ol utions ▁of ▁emp ires ▁Category : N ap ole onic ▁Wars ▁Category : August ▁ 1 8 0 6 ▁events <0x0A> </s> ▁Kno ck ... |
ified ▁Communic ations ▁as ▁a ▁Service ▁provider ▁for ▁business es . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁T eles phere ▁began ▁providing ▁highly ▁secure ▁cloud ▁based ▁voice ▁and ▁data ▁services ▁over ▁a ▁private ▁IP ▁M PL S ▁network ▁to ▁mid ▁and ▁large ▁enter pr ises ▁throughout ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁and ▁now ▁also ▁in ▁Europe . ▁ ▁T eles... |
▁tele communic ations ▁invest ors ▁including : ▁R ally ▁Capital , ▁Haw key e ▁In vest ments ▁and ▁the ▁Gre ens p un ▁Corporation . ▁T eles phere ▁agreed ▁to ▁be ▁acquired ▁by ▁Von age ▁for ▁$ 1 1 4 ▁million ▁in ▁November ▁▁ 2 0 1 4 . ▁ ▁Current ▁customers ▁and ▁spons ors ▁T eles phere ▁currently ▁supports ▁customers ▁a... |
▁Private ▁Comp an ies ▁at ▁Arizona ▁Corpor ate ▁Ex cell ence ▁Awards ▁Night ▁▁ ▁T eles phere ▁Rec ogn ized ▁as ▁a ▁Ch allen ger ▁in ▁Un ified ▁Communic ations ▁as ▁a ▁Service ▁( UC aa S ) ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁G art ner ▁Magic ▁Qu adr ant ▁▁ ▁T eles phere ▁Rec ogn ized ▁as ▁Inc . ▁ 5 0 0 / 5 0 0 0 ▁Fast - G row ing ▁Company ▁... |
▁Pet erson , ▁CE O ▁of ▁T eles phere , ▁is ▁the ▁first ▁and ▁current ▁chairman ▁of ▁the ▁Cloud ▁Communic ations ▁Alliance . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Internet ▁service ▁prov iders ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Category : V o IP ▁companies ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Category : V on age <0x0A> </s> ▁A ▁Unix - like ▁( s omet... |
s ▁the ▁Single ▁UN IX ▁Spec ification , ▁with ▁the ▁" UN IX " ▁name ▁being ▁used ▁as ▁a ▁cert ification ▁mark . ▁ ▁They ▁do ▁not ▁appro ve ▁of ▁the ▁construction ▁" Un ix - like ", ▁and ▁consider ▁it ▁a ▁mis use ▁of ▁their ▁tra dem ark . ▁ ▁Their ▁gu idel ines ▁require ▁" UN IX " ▁to ▁be ▁presented ▁in ▁upper case ▁or ... |
▁or ▁Free B SD . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁Wayne ▁R . ▁Gray ▁su ed ▁to ▁dispute ▁the ▁status ▁of ▁UN IX ▁as ▁a ▁tra dem ark , ▁but ▁lost ▁his ▁case , ▁and ▁lost ▁again ▁on ▁appeal , ▁with ▁the ▁court ▁u ph old ing ▁the ▁tra dem ark ▁and ▁its ▁ownership . ▁ ▁History ▁▁ ▁" Un ix - like " ▁systems ▁started ▁to ▁appear ▁in ▁the ▁... |
▁the ▁Single ▁UN IX ▁Spec ification . ▁ ▁Vari ous ▁free , ▁low - cost , ▁and ▁un rest rict ed ▁subst it utes ▁for ▁UN IX ▁emer ged ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 0 s ▁and ▁ 1 9 9 0 s , ▁including ▁ 4 . 4 B SD , ▁Linux , ▁and ▁Min ix . ▁Some ▁of ▁these ▁have ▁in ▁turn ▁been ▁the ▁basis ▁for ▁commercial ▁" Un ix - like " ▁systems , ▁s... |
▁that ▁there ▁are ▁three ▁kinds ▁of ▁Unix - like ▁systems : ▁ ▁Gen etic ▁UN IX ▁ ▁Those ▁systems ▁with ▁a ▁historical ▁connection ▁to ▁the ▁AT & T ▁code base . ▁Most ▁commercial ▁UN IX ▁systems ▁fall ▁into ▁this ▁category . ▁So ▁do ▁the ▁B SD ▁systems , ▁which ▁are ▁descend ants ▁of ▁work ▁done ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of... |
. ▁ ▁Function al ▁UN IX ▁ ▁Broad ly , ▁any ▁Unix - like ▁system ▁that ▁behav es ▁in ▁a ▁manner ▁roughly ▁consistent ▁with ▁the ▁UN IX ▁specification , ▁including ▁having ▁a ▁" program ▁which ▁man ages ▁your ▁login ▁and ▁command ▁line ▁sessions "; ▁more ▁specifically , ▁this ▁can ▁refer ▁to ▁systems ▁such ▁as ▁Linux ▁or... |
like ▁operating ▁systems ▁provide ▁a ▁Unix - like ▁compatibility ▁layer , ▁with ▁varying ▁degrees ▁of ▁Unix - like ▁functionality . ▁ ▁IBM ▁z / OS ' s ▁UN IX ▁System ▁Services ▁is ▁sufficiently ▁complete ▁as ▁to ▁be ▁cert ified ▁as ▁tra dem ark ▁UN IX . ▁ ▁C yg win ▁and ▁MS YS ▁both ▁provide ▁a ▁GNU ▁environment ▁on ▁t... |
▁Windows ▁Resource ▁K its ▁for ▁versions ▁of ▁Windows ▁N T ▁include ▁a ▁Bour ne ▁Sh ell , ▁some ▁command - line ▁tools , ▁and ▁a ▁version ▁of ▁Perl ▁ ▁Hamilton ▁C ▁shell ▁is ▁a ▁version ▁of ▁c sh ▁written ▁specifically ▁for ▁Windows . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁▁ ▁Ber keley ▁Software ▁Distribution ▁ ▁Linux ▁distribution ▁ ▁List ▁o... |
2 ▁against ▁Western ▁Conference ▁oppon ents ) ▁and ▁out sc ored ▁their ▁oppon ents ▁by ▁a ▁combined ▁total ▁of ▁ 8 7 ▁to ▁ 3 8 . ▁ ▁Sch edule ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Minnesota ▁Category : M inn esota ▁Golden ▁G oph ers ▁football ▁seasons ▁Minnesota ▁Golden ▁G oph ers ▁football <0x0A> </s> ▁Hann ah ▁M ons on ▁( born ▁ 2 1 ▁Apr... |
▁ ▁A - Stand ▁– ▁forward ▁def ensive ▁gun ner ' s ▁position ▁on ▁aircraft . ▁ ▁ab gesch ossen ▁– ▁shot ▁down ; ▁destroyed ▁by ▁means ▁of ▁firing . ▁ ▁Ab schnitt ▁– ▁sector , ▁district . ▁ ▁Ab l ös ungs div ision ▁– ▁relief ▁division ▁( 1 9 1 7 ), ▁later ▁renamed ▁Eing re if ▁division ▁( inter vention ▁division ). ▁ ▁Ab... |
▁appointment ▁or ▁distinction . ▁ ▁Ad ler ang r iff ▁– ▁" E agle ▁Att ack "; ▁term ▁for ▁project ed ▁" de cis ive ▁attack " ▁by ▁the ▁Luft wa ffe ▁on ▁R AF ▁F ighter ▁Command ▁under ▁the ▁direction ▁of ▁Hermann ▁G ör ing , ▁instit uted ▁to ▁gain ▁control ▁of ▁the ▁sk ies ▁from ▁the ▁Royal ▁Air ▁Force ▁and ▁soft en ▁Bri... |
▁combined ▁off ens ives ▁from ▁the ▁British ▁and ▁Americans . ▁ ▁A ggreg at ▁ 4 ▁( A 4 ) ▁– ▁original ▁name ▁of ▁the ▁German ▁V 2 ▁ro cket . ▁ ▁A GR U - Front ▁– ▁Techn ische ▁Aus bild ungs gruppe ▁für ▁Front ▁U - Bo ote ▁– ▁technical ▁training ▁group ▁for ▁front - line ▁U - bo ats . ▁ ▁A K ▁– ▁Alle ▁Kraft ▁( vor aus )... |
▁and ▁" street ▁actions " ▁such ▁as ▁Krist all n acht ; ▁also ▁compr ised ▁reserve ▁and ▁honor ary ▁members . ▁ ▁Al te ▁Has en ▁– ▁" Old ▁har es "; ▁sl ang ▁for ▁military ▁veter ans ▁who ▁surv ived ▁front - line ▁hard ships . ▁ ▁Amerika ▁Bom ber ▁– ▁A ▁spring ▁ 1 9 4 2 ▁av iation ▁contract ▁competition ▁for ▁a ▁Luft wa... |
9 , ▁this ▁office ▁was ▁called ▁the ▁We hr wirtschaft s stab ▁( Mil it ary ▁Econom ics ▁Staff ). ▁ ▁An gr iff ▁– ▁attack . ▁ ▁An gr iff sm uster ▁– ▁attack ▁pattern . ▁ ▁An gr iff sz iel ▁– ▁attack ▁objective . ▁ ▁Ans atz ▁( att ack ) ▁– ▁First ▁World ▁War ▁military ▁term , ▁used ▁in ▁National ▁Social ist ▁voc ab ul ar... |
. ▁ ▁At om wa ffe ▁– ▁nuclear ▁weapon . ▁ ▁At om krie g ▁– ▁nuclear ▁war . ▁ ▁Auf bau ▁Ost ▁( Bu il dup ▁East ) ▁– ▁code ▁name ▁for ▁the ▁prepar atory ▁measures ▁taken ▁amid ▁great ▁secre cy ▁for ▁the ▁attack ▁on ▁the ▁Soviet ▁Union , ▁now ▁known ▁as ▁Operation ▁Bar bar ossa . ▁ ▁auf gel öst ▁– ▁" d iss ol ved "; ▁dis ... |
▁the ▁war ▁express ing ▁the ▁in ev it ability ▁of ▁their ▁situation . ▁ ▁Aus führung ▁( Aus f .) ▁– ▁version , ▁model , ▁variant , ▁batch , ▁for ▁non - av iation ▁related ▁vehicles ▁and ▁ord n ance . ▁ ▁Aus führung !/ Aus führ en ! ▁– ▁command ▁to ▁execute ▁a ▁given ▁order ▁ ▁ausge f allen ▁– ▁statement ▁that ▁equipmen... |
aten ▁in ▁Z ivil k leid ung ▁– ▁soldiers ▁in ▁civil ian ▁dress ; ▁( see ▁Fran kt ire ure ). ▁ ▁Band en gebiet ▁– ▁territory ▁controlled ▁by ▁part isan ▁squad s ▁in ▁occupied ▁territ ories ▁during ▁World ▁War ▁II . ▁ ▁Bar bar ossa ▁( Red ▁Be ard ) ▁– ▁code ▁name ▁for ▁the ▁massive ▁Naz i ▁attack ▁against ▁the ▁Soviet ▁U... |
▁save ▁Germany ▁from ▁certain ▁defeat ▁and ▁to ▁establish ▁German ▁asc end ancy . ▁ ▁B ata illon ▁( B tl .) ▁– ▁batt alion ▁ ▁B ata ill ons adj ut ant ▁– ▁batt alion ▁adj ut ant ▁ ▁B ata ill ons ar zt ▁– ▁batt alion ▁phys ician ▁ ▁B ata ill ons führ er ▁– ▁substitute ▁batt alion ▁commander ▁ ▁B ata ill ons kom mande ur... |
▁compreh ensive , ▁multi - page ▁technical ▁document ▁works ▁for ▁factory ▁propos als ▁concerning ▁combat ▁aircraft ▁designs ▁to ▁the ▁R LM ▁and ▁Luft wa ffe . ▁ ▁Bau p ion ier ▁– ▁army ▁construction ▁engineer . ▁ ▁B - D ienst ▁– ▁Be ob acht ungs dienst , ▁literally , ▁" observ ation ▁service "; ▁German ▁Navy ▁crypt an... |
▁ ▁Be ob acht ung so ff iz ier ▁– ▁Art illery ▁observer ▁ ▁Be ob acht ung sw agen ▁– ▁observation ▁or ▁reconna issance ▁vehicle . ▁ ▁Bere it schaft ▁– ▁read iness . ▁ ▁Ber ge pan zer ▁– ▁arm oured ▁recovery ▁vehicle . ▁ ▁Berlin ▁rad ar ▁– ▁most ▁advanced ▁air bor ne ▁intercept ▁rad ar ▁of ▁the ▁W W ▁II ▁Luft wa ffe ▁in... |
atte ▁– ▁" t in ▁neck t ie ," ▁sl ang ▁for ▁the ▁Knight ' s ▁Cross ▁ ▁Bl itz krie g ▁– ▁" light ning ▁war "; ▁not ▁a ▁widely ▁used ▁German ▁military ▁term , ▁this ▁word ▁became ▁popular ▁in ▁the ▁Al lied ▁press ▁and ▁initially ▁referred ▁to ▁fast - mov ing ▁battle ▁tact ics ▁developed ▁princip ally ▁by ▁German ▁militar... |
▁longest - range ▁miss ions , ▁and ▁function ▁as ▁a ▁combination ▁of ▁medium ▁and ▁heavy ▁bom ber , ▁and ▁meant ▁to ▁be ▁power ed ▁by ▁a ▁pair ▁of ▁high - output ▁av iation ▁p ist on ▁engines ▁such ▁as ▁the ▁J unk ers ▁J um o ▁ 2 2 2 . ▁ ▁Bro t be ut el ▁– ▁ha vers ack ▁ ▁Br ücke ▁– ▁bridge . ▁Can ▁mean ▁either ▁the ▁r... |
) ▁the ▁Stre it k rä fte bas is ▁( J oint ▁Service ▁Support ▁Command ) ▁and ▁Zent ral er ▁San itä ts dienst ▁( Cent ral ▁Medical ▁Service ). ▁ ▁Bürger ▁– ▁citiz en . ▁ ▁Bürger krie g ▁– ▁civil ▁war . ▁ ▁C ▁ ▁C - Stand ▁– ▁vent ral ▁( und ers ide ▁of ▁fus el age ) ▁def ensive ▁gun ner ' s ▁position ▁on ▁aircraft . ▁ ▁Ch... |
▁para de ▁was ▁held ▁in ▁Berlin ▁on ▁ 6 ▁June ▁ 1 9 3 9 ▁to ▁honor ▁the ▁ 3 0 0 ▁Germ ans ▁who ▁died ▁fighting ▁in ▁the ▁campaign . ▁ ▁D ▁ ▁D ach sch aden ▁– ▁" ro of ▁damage "; ▁a ▁head ▁w ound , ▁more ▁commonly ▁used ▁in ▁the ▁sense ▁of ▁" g one ▁bon k ers ", ▁" Section ▁ 8 " ▁ ▁Da im ler - B enz ▁( DB ) ▁– ▁a ▁produ... |
▁forces ▁that ▁operated ▁in ▁North ▁Africa , ▁eventually ▁consisting ▁of ▁several ▁divisions ▁and ▁corps ▁and ▁formed ▁into ▁an ▁entire ▁Pan zer ▁Army . ▁ ▁Deutsche ▁Aus r üst ung swer ke ▁( DA W ; ▁German ▁Arm ament ▁Works ) ▁– ▁an ▁arm aments ▁organization ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 9 ▁under ▁SS ▁control . ▁ ▁Deutsche ... |
▁Europe . ▁ ▁D ü ppel ▁– ▁German ▁code ▁name ▁for ▁rad ar ▁ch aff , ▁used ▁by ▁the ▁Royal ▁Air ▁Force ▁as ▁Window , ▁possibly ▁from ▁d ü p ieren ▁( to ▁du pe ). ▁or ▁from ▁a ▁sub urb ▁of ▁Berlin ▁of ▁the ▁same ▁name , ▁where ▁it ▁was ▁alleg edly ▁first ▁found ▁near . ▁ ▁E ▁ ▁E agle ' s ▁N est ▁– ▁English ▁name ▁given ▁... |
▁deutschen ▁Vol kes ▁tap fer ▁zu ▁verte id igen " ▁(" I ▁p ledge ▁to ▁faith fully ▁serve ▁the ▁Federal ▁Republic ▁of ▁Germany ▁and ▁to ▁bra v ely ▁defend ▁the ▁right ▁[ law ] ▁and ▁the ▁freedom ▁of ▁the ▁German ▁people "). ▁For ▁soldiers ▁joining ▁for ▁an ▁extended ▁period ▁of ▁time ▁beyond ▁the ▁mand atory ▁cons cript... |
Or po ) ▁and ▁auxili aries ▁of ▁volunte ers ▁( E ston ian , ▁Lat v ian , ▁Lith uan ian , ▁and ▁Ukrain ian ). ▁Their ▁vict ims , ▁primarily ▁Jews , ▁were ▁executed ▁by ▁shooting ▁and ▁were ▁buried ▁in ▁mass ▁gra ves ▁from ▁which ▁they ▁were ▁later ▁ex hum ed ▁and ▁burn ed . ▁At ▁least ▁a ▁million ▁Jews ▁were ▁killed ▁in... |
▁– ▁" ir on ▁road "; ▁rail road . ▁ ▁E is ern es ▁Kreuz ▁– ▁" ir on ▁cross "; ▁medal ▁awarded ▁for ▁valor ous ▁service , ▁and ▁the ▁German ▁national ▁military ▁ins ign ia ▁from ▁ 1 9 1 0 ▁to ▁the ▁beginning ▁of ▁spring ▁ 1 9 1 8 , ▁and ▁once ▁again ▁from ▁ 1 9 5 5 ▁( with ▁the ▁establishment ▁of ▁the ▁Bundes wehr ) ▁to... |
t ank ▁h unter ▁or ▁tank ▁destroy er ) ▁built ▁on ▁the ▁ch ass is ▁of ▁Por sche ' s ▁un success ful ▁pro tot ypes ▁for ▁the ▁T iger ▁tank , ▁and ▁mount ing ▁the ▁ 8 8 mm ▁L / 7 1 ▁Pa K ▁ 4 3 . ▁ ▁Ele kt ra ▁– ▁a ▁German ▁radio - n avig ational ▁system . ▁ ▁End l ös ung ▁or ▁End ziel ▁– ▁the ▁" Final ▁Solution "; ▁refer... |
▁along ▁the ▁Eastern ▁Front . ▁ ▁E ro bert ▁– ▁conquer ed . ▁ ▁Er ken n ungs mar ke ▁– ▁identity ▁tag ; ▁" dog ▁tag ". ▁ ▁Er prob ungs stelle ▁– ▁test ▁centre . ▁ ▁Er s atz ▁– ▁substitute , ▁replacement , ▁res erves ; ▁could ▁refer ▁to ▁replacement ▁troops ▁or ▁any ▁subst ance ▁used ▁in ▁place ▁of ▁another ▁( e . g ., ... |
▁locate ▁forb idden ▁radio ▁transmit ters ▁in ▁France . ▁ ▁F ah ne ▁( pl . ▁F ah nen ) ▁– ▁flag ▁or ▁b anner . ▁ ▁F ah nen j unker ▁– ▁lowest ▁officer ▁candidate ▁rank ▁equivalent ▁to ▁Unter off iz ier ▁( Cor por al ) ▁ ▁F ah nen fl ucht ▁– ▁desert ion ▁ ▁F ahn ensch m ied ▁– ▁far rier ▁N CO ▁ ▁F ä hn lein ▁( S quad ) ... |
er ▁der ▁Unter se eb o ote ; ▁Commander - in - Ch ief ▁of ▁U - bo ats ▁( used ▁from ▁World ▁War ▁I ▁to ▁ 1 9 3 9 , ▁when ▁the ▁title ▁was ▁reduced ▁to ▁" Reg ional ▁Commander "). ▁ ▁F d V ▁– ▁F ühr er ▁der ▁Vor post en bo ote ▁ ▁Fe ig ling ▁– ▁cow ard . ▁ ▁Fe ind ▁– ▁enemy . ▁" Fe ind lich - " ▁is ▁used ▁as ▁an ▁ad jec... |
1 9 1 4 ▁with ▁six ▁two - se ater ▁observation ▁aircraft ▁per ▁unit . ▁ ▁Feld g endar mer ie ▁– ▁Field ▁G endar mer ie ▁or ▁" Field ▁Police ", ▁the ▁military ▁police ▁units ▁of ▁the ▁We hr macht . ▁ ▁Feld gra u ▁– ▁" field ▁gray "; ▁the ▁color ▁of ▁the ▁ordinary ▁German ▁soldier ' s ▁t unic ▁– ▁by ▁extension ▁the ▁sold... |
. ▁ ▁" Fe uer ▁auf ▁me in ▁Komm ando " ▁– ▁" fire ▁on ▁my ▁command ". ▁ ▁" Fe uer ▁Frei " ▁– ▁" fire ▁at ▁will ". ▁ ▁Fe u ersch utz ▁– ▁suppress ive ▁fire , ▁covering ▁fire . ▁ ▁Feuer wer ker ▁– ▁ord n ance ▁N CO ▁ ▁F la K ▁– ▁Fl ie ger ab wehr kan one , ▁Flug ( zeug ) ab wehr kan one ▁– ▁air ▁defense ▁gun ; ▁anti - ai... |
age . ▁ ▁Fl ie ger ab wehr - Ab teilung ▁– ▁anti - air craft ▁batt alion . ▁ ▁Fl ie ger ab wehr kan one ▁– ▁see ▁F la K . ▁ ▁Fl ie ger b om be ▁( F li Bo ) ▁– ▁aer ial ▁bomb ▁ ▁Fl ie ger div ision ▁– ▁lit . ▁Fl ight ▁division . ▁ ▁Fl ie ger kor ps ▁– ▁lit . ▁Fl ight ▁corps ▁ ▁Fl ie gers ch wert ▁– ▁air man ' s ▁sword ▁... |
▁bomb ▁carrying ▁high - expl os ive ▁war head ▁known ▁to ▁the ▁Al lies ▁as ▁the ▁" bu zz ▁bomb ". ▁ ▁Flug zeug ▁– ▁aircraft . ▁ ▁Flug ( zeug ) ab wehr kan one ▁– ▁see ▁F la K . ▁ ▁Flug zeug tr äger ▁– ▁aircraft ▁car rier . ▁ ▁Fl uten ▁– ▁U - bo at ▁order ; ▁" F lo od ▁the ▁t anks !" ▁ ▁Forsch ungs amt ▁– ▁intelligence ... |
▁Vers a illes ; ▁they ▁consisted ▁primarily ▁of ▁dem obil ized ▁soldiers , ▁dis ill usion ed ▁young ▁men , ▁and ▁fan at ical ▁conserv ative ▁national ists ▁who ▁bl amed ▁Social ▁Democr ats , ▁Jews , ▁and ▁commun ists ▁for ▁Germany ' s ▁problems . ▁ ▁Fre isch är ler ▁– ▁irregular ▁or ▁gu err illa ▁( see ▁W ider stand sk... |
▁Front sch we in ▁– ▁( sl ang ) ▁" front ▁p ig " ▁soldier ▁serving ▁long ▁at ▁the ▁front , ▁often ▁used ▁as ▁an ▁ir onic ▁acc ol ade ▁for ▁a ▁soldier ▁with ▁the ▁will ▁to ▁fight . ▁Comp are ▁with ▁Et app ensch we in . ▁ ▁Der ▁F ühr er ▁– ▁" The ▁Le ader "; ▁title ▁used ▁by ▁Adolf ▁Hitler : ▁Me in ▁F ühr er , ▁Der ▁F üh... |
▁unit ▁or ▁sub - unit ▁in ▁absence ▁of ▁the ▁regular ▁commander ▁( see ▁' Che f '); ▁in ▁the ▁n avy ▁a ▁flag ▁officer ▁( e . g . ▁F ühr er ▁der ▁U bo ote ) ▁ ▁SS - F ührung sh aupt amt ▁– ▁SS ▁Le ad ership ▁Head ▁Office , ▁the ▁administrative ▁headquarters ▁of ▁the ▁W affen - SS . ▁ ▁Fun ke ▁– ▁ 1 ) ▁radio ▁[ die ▁Fun ... |
▁mid - war ▁when ▁the ▁Germ ans ▁reduced ▁the ▁number ▁of ▁standard ▁inf antry ▁batt al ions ▁in ▁their ▁divisions ▁from ▁ 9 ▁to ▁ 6 . ▁ ▁F üs il ier b ata illon ▁– ▁in ▁the ▁Imperial ▁army ▁the ▁ 3 rd ▁batt alion ▁of ▁a ▁Gren ad ier - Reg iment . ▁Its ▁design ation ▁was ▁F , ▁as ▁in ▁F / GR 1 0 ▁for ▁F üs il ier b ata... |
äger . ▁ ▁Geb ir g stru ppe ▁– ▁mountain ▁troops . ▁ ▁gef allen ▁( gef .) ▁– ▁fallen , ▁killed ▁in ▁action ▁ ▁Gef e cht ▁– ▁combat , ▁action . ▁ ▁Gef ech ts ge p äck ▁– ▁inf antry ▁assault ▁pack . ▁ ▁Gef ech ts stand ▁– ▁command ▁post . ▁ ▁Gef ech ts station ▁– ▁naval ▁term , ▁" b attle ▁stations " ▁or ▁( more ▁literal... |
▁Germany ' s ▁secret ▁military ▁police ▁that ▁was ▁organ ised ▁by ▁the ▁German ▁high ▁command ▁( OK W ) ▁in ▁July ▁ 1 9 3 9 ▁to ▁serve ▁with ▁the ▁We hr macht . ▁It ▁was ▁mainly ▁designed ▁to ▁carry ▁out ▁security ▁work ▁in ▁the ▁field , ▁as ▁the ▁executive ▁agent ▁of ▁the ▁Ab wehr . ▁ ▁Ge heim fern sch rei ber ▁– ▁( l... |
fte : ▁a ▁unit ▁compr ising ▁four ▁f ighter ▁squad rons ▁( St aff eln ), ▁such ▁as ▁Jag d gesch w ader ▁ 1 ▁( J G ▁ 1 ) ▁– the ▁famous ▁" F lying ▁Circ us ", ▁led ▁by ▁Man fred ▁von ▁Rich th of en ▁(" The ▁Red ▁Baron "); ▁also ▁used ▁for ▁the ▁K ag ohl ▁and ▁Bog ohl ▁heavy ▁bom ber ▁units , ▁the ▁last ▁two ▁mentioned ▁... |
umeric ▁identification ▁code ▁used ▁by ▁a ▁non - day - fig h ter ▁Gesch w ader ▁for ▁unit ▁identification , ▁that ▁appeared ▁to ▁the ▁left ▁of ▁the ▁fus el age ▁Bal ken kre uz ▁on ▁most ▁World ▁War ▁II ▁Luft wa ffe ▁aircraft . ▁It ▁also ▁included ▁two ▁letters ▁to ▁the ▁right ▁of ▁the ▁cross , ▁the ▁third ▁letter ▁desi... |
▁brown - and - red ▁uniform s ▁similar ▁to ▁the ▁colors ▁of ▁male ▁p he as ants ▁and ▁the ▁perce ived ▁behaviour ▁of ▁high - ran king ▁party ▁officials ▁living ▁in ▁peace ▁and ▁lux ury ▁at ▁home . ▁ ▁Got en stellung ▁– ▁Goth ic ▁Line ▁German ▁defense ▁line ▁in ▁Italy , ▁north ▁of ▁Florence . ▁ ▁Gra ben krie g ▁– ▁tren ... |
▁years ; ▁literally , ▁the ▁" Gre at est ▁Field ▁Commander ▁of ▁all ▁Time ". ▁ ▁Grund aus bildung ▁( ab br . ▁Grund i ) ▁– ▁basic ▁training ▁ ▁Gruppe ▁( Lu ft wa ffe ) ▁– ▁a ▁gru ppe ▁usually ▁consisted ▁of ▁three ▁squad rons ▁of ▁nine ▁to ▁twelve ▁aircraft , ▁and ▁a ▁staff . ▁An ▁equivalent ▁would ▁be ▁a ▁US ▁or ▁Fren... |
▁if ▁the ▁Al lies ▁also ▁possessed ▁them , ▁Z immer it ▁was ▁meant ▁to ▁prevent ▁the ▁use ▁of . ▁ ▁H aken kre uz ▁– ▁( liter ally , ▁" ho oked ▁cross ") ▁the ▁version ▁of ▁the ▁sw ast ika ▁used ▁by ▁the ▁Naz i ▁Party . ▁ ▁" H al be ▁F ah rt !" ▁– ▁naval ▁command ▁calling ▁for ▁half - speed . ▁" H al be ▁F ah rt ▁vor au... |