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▁The ▁Gro ve ▁School , ▁Champions ▁and ▁Cambridge ▁School s ▁br ands . ▁Intern ation ally , ▁it ▁over se es ▁early ▁child hood ▁education , ▁K - 1 2 ▁education ▁and ▁post - second ary ▁education ▁programs ▁and ▁is ▁head qu arter ed ▁in ▁Singapore . ▁Low ell ▁served ▁as ▁vice - ch air man ▁of ▁Know ledge ▁Un iverse ▁Edu... |
– 1 8 ▁school ▁year , ▁the ▁National ▁Mil ken ▁Edu c ator ▁Network ▁counts ▁more ▁than ▁ 2 , 7 0 0 ▁educ ators ▁among ▁the ▁recip ients ▁of ▁the ▁Mil ken ▁Edu c ator ▁Award . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 0 , ▁Mil ken ▁founded ▁the ▁Mil ken ▁Archive ▁of ▁Jewish ▁Music , ▁a ▁project ▁to ▁preserve ▁the ▁music ▁of ▁the ▁American ▁Jewish ... |
vers , ▁develop s ▁and ▁communic ates ▁the ▁stories ▁of ▁uns ung ▁hero es ▁who ▁have ▁made ▁a ▁prof ound ▁and ▁positive ▁difference ▁on ▁the ▁course ▁of ▁history ▁and ▁includes ▁a ▁ 6 , 0 0 0 - square - foot ▁museum ▁space ▁with ▁permanent ▁and ▁rot ating ▁exhib itions . ▁In ▁May ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁the ▁Low ell ▁Mil ken ▁Cen... |
▁charged ▁with ▁ 1 1 ▁counts ▁of ▁ill ic it ▁activity ▁related ▁to ▁illegal ▁se cur ities ▁trad ing , ▁stock ▁manip ulation ▁and ▁corpor ate ▁mer gers ▁and ▁ac quis itions ▁related ▁to ▁un law ful ▁se cur ities ▁trad ing . ▁While ▁Low ell ' s ▁brother ▁was ▁sent enced ▁to ▁ 1 0 ▁years ▁in ▁prison ▁and ▁f ined ▁$ 6 0 0 ... |
▁passage ▁concerning ▁Arm strong ' s ▁lies ▁were ▁substantial ly ▁true ▁and ▁dismiss ed ▁the ▁charges . ▁ ▁Awards ▁▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 0 , ▁Mil ken ▁was ▁named ▁one ▁of ▁America ' s ▁most ▁gener ous ▁phil anth rop ists ▁by ▁W orth ▁magazine . ▁His ▁work ▁in ▁business ▁and ▁phil anth ropy ▁has ▁been ▁recognized ▁by ▁the ▁Nati... |
▁Econom ics ▁at ▁Chap man ▁University . ▁The ▁Education ▁Commission ▁of ▁the ▁States ▁hon ored ▁Mil ken ▁as ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁recip ient ▁of ▁the ▁James ▁Bry ant ▁Con ant ▁Award . ▁The ▁award ▁is ▁named ▁for ▁the ▁co - found er ▁of ▁Education ▁Commission ▁of ▁the ▁States ▁and ▁former ▁president ▁of ▁Harvard ▁University ,... |
▁of ▁" mar athon " ▁television ▁coverage ▁of ▁an ▁ordinary ▁event ▁in ▁its ▁complete ▁length . ▁Its ▁name ▁is ▁derived ▁both ▁from ▁the ▁long ▁end urance ▁of ▁the ▁broadcast ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁from ▁the ▁natural ▁slow ▁pace ▁of ▁the ▁television ▁program ' s ▁progress . ▁It ▁was ▁popular ised ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 0 s ▁by ▁the ▁... |
s ▁eye ▁view ▁at ▁that ▁time , ▁showing ▁the ▁complete ▁ 7 - hour ▁train ▁ride ▁along ▁the ▁Ber gen ▁Line ▁() ▁on ▁ 2 7 ▁November ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁It ▁was ▁followed ▁by ▁the ▁live ▁coverage ▁of ▁the ▁H urt igr uten ▁ship ▁ ▁during ▁its ▁ 1 3 4 - hour ▁voyage ▁from ▁Ber gen ▁to ▁Kir ken es ▁starting ▁on ▁ 1 6 ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 ... |
0 s ▁and ▁early ▁ 1 9 9 0 s . ▁Air ing ▁in ▁the ▁over night ▁hours ▁when ▁most ▁television ▁stations ▁would ▁have ▁been ▁running ▁a ▁test ▁pattern , ▁the ▁three ▁programs ▁each ▁dep icted ▁a ▁different ▁first - person ▁view ▁of ▁a ▁walking ▁or ▁driving ▁trip ▁through ▁a ▁part ▁of ▁dow nt own ▁Toronto , ▁with ▁a ▁m ello... |
0 9 ▁and ▁came ▁to ▁be ▁described ▁as ▁" the ▁icon ic ▁slow - TV ▁program ". ▁The ▁event ▁was ▁planned ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 0 0 - year ▁anni versary ▁of ▁the ▁existence ▁of ▁the ▁Ber gen ▁Line . ▁Four ▁cam eras ▁were ▁used ▁to ▁produce ▁the ▁document ary , ▁showing ▁both ▁exterior ▁and ▁interior ▁views , ▁along ▁with... |
▁Ber gen ▁– ▁min utt ▁for ▁min utt ▁ ▁The ▁ 2 8 - min ute ▁presentation ▁By ban en ▁i ▁Ber gen ▁– ▁min utt ▁for ▁min utt ▁showed ▁a ▁trip ▁on ▁the ▁Ber gen ▁Light ▁Rail ▁from ▁N est t un ▁to ▁Ber gen , ▁shortly ▁after ▁the ▁opening ▁of ▁the ▁line ▁in ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁▁ 2 0 1 0 : ▁Fl å ms b ana ▁– ▁min utt ▁for ▁min u... |
▁Express ▁() ▁ship ▁ ▁on ▁a ▁ 1 3 4 - hour ▁voyage ▁from ▁Ber gen ▁to ▁Kir ken es . ▁The ▁program ▁started ▁on ▁ 1 6 ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁at ▁ 1 9 : 4 5 ▁C ET ▁on ▁NR K ▁and ▁transm itted ▁the ▁entire ▁journey ▁live ▁and ▁non - stop . ▁ ▁A ▁total ▁of ▁ 1 1 ▁cam eras — three ▁fixed , ▁a ▁bow ▁camera ▁and ▁a ▁gy ro ▁stabil i... |
▁television ▁document ary ▁and ▁is ▁in ▁the ▁Gu in ness ▁Book ▁of ▁Records . ▁The ▁previous ▁record ▁was ▁ 1 3 ▁hours ▁against ▁their ▁ 1 3 4 ▁hours . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁H urt igr uten ▁– ▁min utt ▁for ▁min utt ▁was ▁included ▁in ▁Nor sk ▁Dokument ar v ▁which ▁is ▁the ▁Norwegian ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Memory ▁of ▁the ▁World ▁... |
1 2 - hour ▁cru ise ▁along ▁the ▁Te lem ark ▁Canal ▁that ▁was ▁broadcast ▁live ▁on ▁NR K 2 ▁on ▁Sunday ▁ 2 6 ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 2 . ▁ 1 , 3 0 0 , 0 0 0 ▁watched ▁the ▁broadcast ▁in ▁Norway , ▁for ▁a ▁market ▁share ▁of ▁ 2 9 ▁percent . ▁▁ 2 0 1 2 : ▁Nord lands ban en ▁– ▁min utt ▁for ▁min utt ▁ ▁Nord lands ban en ▁minute ▁... |
: ▁All ▁About ▁Cho pping , ▁D ry ing ▁and ▁Stack ing ▁Wood ▁— ▁and ▁the ▁Soul ▁of ▁Wood - B urn ing . ▁The ▁show ▁consisted ▁of ▁four ▁hours ▁of ▁ordinary ▁produced ▁television , ▁followed ▁by ▁showing ▁eight ▁hours ▁of ▁a ▁live ▁fire place . ▁The ▁show ▁received ▁international ▁attention , ▁including ▁an ▁article ▁in ... |
▁the ▁fire wood ▁show ." ▁▁ 2 0 1 4 : ▁ 2 0 0 ▁år ▁på ▁ 2 0 0 ▁min utter ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 ▁years ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 ▁minutes ▁- ▁lecture ▁performed ▁by ▁professor ▁Frank ▁A are b rot , ▁political ▁scient ist ▁Frank ▁A are b rot ▁gave ▁a ▁ 2 0 0 - min ute ▁lecture ▁on ▁the ▁past ▁ 2 0 0 ▁years ▁of ▁Norwegian ▁history . ▁ 7 0 0 , ... |
ip - show ▁ ▁Pi ip - show ▁featured ▁foot age ▁from ▁a ▁camera ▁set ▁up ▁to ▁record ▁the ▁activities ▁of ▁birds ▁and ▁other ▁wild life ▁at ▁a ▁bird ▁fe eder ▁decor ated ▁to ▁look ▁like ▁a ▁coffee ▁shop . ▁A ▁website ▁run ▁by ▁NR K ▁stream ed ▁live ▁foot age ▁from ▁the ▁camera ▁for ▁three ▁months , ▁and ▁NR K 2 ▁also ▁f... |
▁was ▁open ▁throughout ▁the ▁show , ▁and ▁more ▁than ▁ 1 6 , 0 0 0 ▁visitors ▁dropped ▁in . ▁ ▁A ▁total ▁of ▁ 2 . 2 ▁million ▁view ers ▁tun ed ▁in ▁at ▁some ▁point ▁during ▁the ▁program , ▁with ▁an ▁average ▁of ▁ 8 7 , 0 0 0 ▁at ▁any ▁one ▁time . ▁▁ 2 0 1 5 : ▁Kr ig ▁på ▁ 2 0 0 ▁min utter ▁ ▁War ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 ▁minutes ▁f... |
▁for ▁min utt ▁ ▁Salt stra umen ▁– ▁minute ▁by ▁minute ▁was ▁a ▁ 1 2 - hour ▁show ▁dep ict ing ▁live ▁foot age ▁from ▁the ▁Norwegian ▁stra it ▁of ▁Salt stra umen , ▁site ▁of ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁strong est ▁tid al ▁curr ents ▁in ▁the ▁world . ▁It ▁was ▁broadcast ▁on ▁ 7 ▁May ▁ 2 0 1 6 . ▁▁ 2 0 1 6 : ▁Sk ib lad ners ▁se il as... |
) ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁Re inf ly tt ing ▁min utt ▁for ▁min utt ▁( Re inde er ▁migration ▁minute ▁by ▁minute ) ▁S omm ert og et ▁( The ▁summer ▁train ) ▁B esse gg en ▁min utt ▁for ▁min utt ▁( B esse gg en ▁minute ▁by ▁minute ) ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁Gr ieg ▁min utt ▁for ▁min utt ▁( G rie g ▁minute ▁by ▁minute ) ▁M ons en ▁min utt ▁for ▁min u... |
▁arr anging ▁the ▁greatest ▁wel coming ▁committee ▁at ▁the ▁different ▁har b ors ▁and ▁three ▁different ▁wed ding ▁propos als ▁were ▁captured ▁during ▁the ▁ 1 3 6 ▁hours . ▁ ▁International ▁attention ▁The ▁H urt igr uten ▁– ▁minute ▁by ▁minute ▁broadcast ▁was ▁also ▁shown ▁online ▁with ▁many ▁view ers ▁abroad ; ▁ 4 6 ▁... |
▁The ▁G han , ▁the ▁passenger ▁train ▁from ▁Ad ela ide ▁to ▁Dar win . ▁ ▁The ▁three ▁hour ▁program ▁also ▁used ▁both ▁arch ival ▁imag ery ▁and ▁contemporary ▁graphics ▁to ▁tell ▁the ▁story ▁of ▁the ▁construction ▁of ▁the ▁ ▁Ad ela ide – D ar win ▁railway ▁and ▁that ▁of ▁its ▁prede cess or , ▁the ▁Central ▁Australia ▁Ra... |
▁in ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 9 . ▁ ▁Belg ium : ▁Voor ▁De ▁Ron de ▁The ▁Belg ian ▁public - service ▁broad c aster ▁V RT ▁a ired ▁a ▁live ▁broadcast ▁of ▁Rub en ▁Van ▁G ucht , ▁a ▁sports ▁rep orter , ▁r iding ▁the ▁route ▁of ▁the ▁Tour ▁of ▁Fland ers ▁road ▁cy cling ▁race , ▁accompanied ▁by ▁anyone ▁who ▁wanted ▁to ▁join ▁him . ... |
ery ▁of ▁Hong ▁Kong ▁Victoria ▁Har bor , ▁the ▁daily ▁of ▁animals , ▁and ▁so ▁on . ▁ ▁United ▁Kingdom : ▁BBC ▁Four ▁Go es ▁S low ▁ ▁As ▁an ▁adaptation ▁of ▁the ▁style , ▁the ▁British ▁channel ▁BBC ▁Four ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁and ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁broadcast ▁a ▁series ▁of ▁slow ▁jour ne ys ▁such ▁as ▁a ▁canal ▁boat ▁journey ▁and ▁bus... |
▁on ▁March ▁ 3 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁a ired ▁a ▁nine - hour ▁program ▁of ▁a ▁man ▁walking ▁backwards ▁through ▁Tokyo , ▁Tokyo ▁Re verse ▁directed ▁by ▁Simon ▁Bu isson ▁and ▁Lud ov ic ▁Zu ili , ▁and ▁on ▁October ▁ 3 , ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁the ▁same ▁channel ▁a ired ▁a ▁six - hour ▁program , ▁S low ▁Moscow , ▁directed ▁by ▁Rom ain ▁Q... |
9 . ▁ ▁Go ▁Further ▁South ▁ ▁On ▁April ▁ 1 0 th , ▁P RI ME ▁TV ▁a ired ▁another ▁production , ▁an ▁edit ▁of ▁a ▁month - long ▁sea ▁voyage ▁from ▁Stewart ▁Island ▁to ▁Ant arct ica . ▁The ▁show ▁was ▁broadcast ▁un inter rupted ▁from ▁ 7 : 3 0 am ▁to ▁ 7 : 3 0 pm . ▁ ▁Sweden : ▁Den ▁st ora ▁äl g v andr ingen ▁▁ ▁Sver iges... |
2 0 0 7 : ▁ch ed dar vision . tv ▁by ▁West ▁Country ▁Farm house ▁Che es em akers ▁ ▁On ▁January ▁ 1 , ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁West ▁Country ▁Farm house ▁Che es em akers ▁in ▁Dor set , ▁England , ▁began ▁the ▁one - year ▁live ▁streaming ▁of ▁a ▁round ▁of ▁West com be ▁D air y ▁ch ed dar ▁m aturing ▁on ▁their ▁sh elf . ▁▁ 2 0 1 6 :... |
ð ur ". ▁ ▁Play tv ak ▁S low ▁TV ▁ ▁The ▁Czech ▁media ▁group ▁M AF RA ▁has ▁run ▁a ▁slow ▁TV ▁portal ▁since ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁ ▁Currently , ▁it ▁shows ▁videos ▁from : ▁ ▁a ▁tram ▁lub ric ating ▁rails ▁in ▁Prag ue ▁ ▁a ▁bird ▁fe eder ▁in ▁Č í ž ová ▁ ▁a ▁railway ▁station ▁in ▁Ú st í ▁nad ▁Or lic í ▁ ▁the ▁station ▁thro at ▁o... |
▁rev ival ▁of ▁vin yl ▁LP ▁records ▁as ▁a ▁format ▁for ▁audio ▁record ings . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁Des ert ▁Bus ▁S low ▁cinema ▁S low ▁movement ▁( c ulture ) ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁" That ▁Dam ned ▁Cow : ▁just ▁what ▁is ▁Norwegian ▁S low ▁TV ?" ▁( document ary ▁film ) ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁NR K ▁page ▁on ▁" S low ▁T... |
▁a ▁road ie . ▁ ▁Event ually ▁he ▁started ▁playing ▁guitar ▁but ▁switched ▁to ▁bass ▁guitar ▁during ▁his ▁last ▁seven ▁years ▁with ▁the ▁band . ▁ ▁He ▁recorded ▁three ▁albums ▁with ▁them , ▁ear ning ▁two ▁gold ▁records . ▁ ▁Wa ib el ▁also ▁performed ▁with ▁Marshall ▁T ucker , ▁Captain ▁Bey ond , ▁Ste vie ▁Ray ▁V aug ha... |
: American ▁male ▁bass ▁guitar ists ▁Category : American ▁rock ▁guitar ists ▁Category : American ▁male ▁guitar ists ▁Category : Fire H ouse ▁( band ) ▁members ▁Category : American ▁mus icians ▁who ▁committed ▁suic ide ▁Category : Su ic ides ▁in ▁Florida ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁American ▁bass ▁guitar ists ▁Categor... |
ess ▁players <0x0A> </s> ▁Reading ▁is ▁a ▁town ▁in ▁Sch uy ler ▁County , ▁New ▁York , ▁ ▁United ▁States . ▁ ▁The ▁Town ▁of ▁Reading ▁is ▁in ▁the ▁northern ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁county ▁and ▁is ▁east ▁of ▁Bath , ▁NY . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁The ▁first ▁pione ers ▁arrived ▁around ▁ 1 7 9 8 . ▁ ▁The ▁first ▁ta vern ▁opened ▁in ▁ 1 8 0 1... |
▁of ▁the ▁town ▁at ▁Col es ▁Corn ers . ▁ ▁Dem ograph ics ▁ ▁As ▁of ▁the ▁census ▁of ▁ 2 0 0 0 , ▁there ▁were ▁ 1 , 7 8 6 ▁people , ▁ 7 0 0 ▁households , ▁and ▁ 5 2 0 ▁families ▁res iding ▁in ▁the ▁town . ▁ ▁The ▁population ▁density ▁was ▁ 6 5 . 6 ▁people ▁per ▁square ▁mile ▁( 2 5 . 3 / km ²). ▁ ▁There ▁were ▁ 8 6 8 ▁ho... |
▁female ▁house holder ▁with ▁no ▁husband ▁present , ▁and ▁ 2 5 . 7 % ▁were ▁non - famil ies . ▁ 2 0 . 9 % ▁of ▁all ▁households ▁were ▁made ▁up ▁of ▁individuals ▁and ▁ 9 . 9 % ▁had ▁someone ▁living ▁alone ▁who ▁was ▁ 6 5 ▁years ▁of ▁age ▁or ▁older . ▁ ▁The ▁average ▁household ▁size ▁was ▁ 2 . 5 5 ▁and ▁the ▁average ▁fam... |
ales ▁had ▁a ▁median ▁income ▁of ▁$ 3 2 , 9 6 3 ▁versus ▁$ 2 2 , 4 0 4 ▁for ▁females . ▁The ▁per ▁cap ita ▁income ▁for ▁the ▁town ▁was ▁$ 1 7 , 8 1 4 . ▁ ▁About ▁ 4 . 2 % ▁of ▁families ▁and ▁ 7 . 7 % ▁of ▁the ▁population ▁were ▁below ▁the ▁pover ty ▁line , ▁including ▁ 1 2 . 3 % ▁of ▁those ▁under ▁age ▁ 1 8 ▁and ▁ 1 . ... |
▁Reading ▁Center ▁– ▁A ▁ham let ▁near ▁the ▁town ▁center ▁on ▁NY - 1 4 A . ▁Reading ▁Center ▁Station ▁– ▁A ▁location ▁sout heast ▁of ▁Reading ▁Center . ▁Salt ▁Point ▁– ▁A ▁projection ▁into ▁Sen eca ▁Lake ▁north ▁of ▁Wat kins ▁Glen . ▁Sc out ▁Point ▁– ▁A ▁projection ▁into ▁Sen eca ▁Lake ▁north ▁of ▁Gab ri els ▁J unction... |
▁for ▁gener ations ▁of ▁young ▁women ▁who ▁wanted ▁to ▁combine ▁career ▁and ▁family ," ▁advoc ating ▁for ▁working ▁moth ers ▁and ▁for ▁child ▁care ▁as ▁a ▁dign ified ▁profession . ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁Mc Int osh ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Baltimore , ▁Maryland ▁on ▁November ▁ 3 0 , ▁ 1 8 9 8 ▁to ▁Anthony ▁Morris ▁Care y ▁and ▁Margaret... |
. ▁ ▁Later , ▁she ▁head ed ▁the ▁Bre ar ley ▁School ▁for ▁sevent een ▁years , ▁where ▁she ▁pione ered ▁a ▁sex ▁education ▁class ▁for ▁sixth ▁grade ▁students . ▁ ▁Her ▁husband ▁was ▁the ▁ped iat ric ian ▁R ust in ▁Mc Int osh , ▁with ▁whom ▁she ▁had ▁five ▁children . ▁ ▁Bar n ard ▁career ▁Mc Int osh ▁became ▁Dean ▁of ▁Ba... |
▁The ▁Ball ▁State ▁Daily ▁News ▁is ▁the ▁student ▁newspaper ▁of ▁Ball ▁State ▁University , ▁located ▁in ▁M unc ie , ▁Indiana . ▁The ▁print ▁edition ▁of ▁the ▁newspaper ▁is ▁published ▁every ▁Th urs day ▁during ▁the ▁academic ▁year ▁except ▁during ▁ex ams ▁or ▁vac ations . ▁During ▁summer ▁sessions ▁the ▁paper ▁is ▁publ... |
▁in ▁Indiana ▁Category : Public ations ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 2 <0x0A> </s> ▁Jó zef ▁Sk ro bi ński ▁( born ▁ 2 6 ▁January ▁ 1 9 1 0 ▁in ▁W ól ka ▁near ▁M ław a , ▁died ▁on ▁ 2 2 ▁January ▁ 1 9 7 9 ▁in ▁Ł ód ź ) ▁was ▁a ▁Polish ▁film ▁director ▁and ▁painter . ▁ ▁Biography ▁▁ ▁Jó zef ▁Sk ro bi ński ▁was ▁born ▁on ▁ 2 6... |
' ▁in ▁paint ings . ▁ ▁His ▁paint ings ▁were ▁presented ▁at ▁national ▁and ▁regional ▁painting ▁exhib itions ▁in ▁Poland ▁and ▁abroad ▁in ▁the ▁period ▁ 1 9 4 6 ▁- ▁ 1 9 7 9 . ▁He ▁was ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Association ▁of ▁Polish ▁Art ists . ▁In ▁ 1 9 7 9 ▁the ▁city ▁of ▁Ł ód ź ▁recognized ▁him ▁with ▁a ▁lifetime ▁achi... |
' s ▁Trans itional ▁Federal ▁Government ▁( TF G ) ▁and ▁Eth iop ian ▁forces ▁entered ▁the ▁Som ali ▁city ▁of ▁K ism ay o ▁uno pp osed . ▁It ▁came ▁after ▁the ▁Islam ic ▁Cour ts ▁Union ' s ▁forces ▁fal tered ▁and ▁fled ▁in ▁the ▁Battle ▁of ▁J ilib , ▁abandon ing ▁their ▁final ▁strong hold . ▁ ▁Background ▁ ▁The ▁city ▁o... |
les ▁broke ▁out ▁between ▁the ▁local ▁cl ans ▁and ▁the ▁IC U . ▁ ▁The ▁Battle ▁of ▁J ilib ▁saw ▁the ▁IC U ▁front lines ▁collapse ▁during ▁the ▁night ▁to ▁art illery ▁fire , ▁causing ▁the ▁IC U ▁hard lin ers , ▁known ▁as ▁Al - Sh aba ab ▁( liter ally ▁" The ▁Youth s " ▁or ▁" You ng ▁Men "), ▁to ▁once ▁again ▁go ▁into ▁r... |
ig ▁Jar le ▁Hans en , ▁Al - Sh aba ab ▁in ▁Som alia : ▁The ▁History ▁and ▁Ide ology ▁of ▁a ▁Milit ant ▁Islam ic ▁Group ▁ 2 0 0 5 - 1 2 , ▁Hur st ▁& ▁Co ., ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁ 3 9 - 4 0 . ▁ ▁Category : 2 0 0 7 ▁in ▁Eth iop ia ▁Category : 2 0 0 7 ▁in ▁Som alia ▁K ism ay o ▁K ism ay o ▁Category : K ism ay o ▁K ism ay o ▁Categor... |
, ▁the ▁succeed ing ▁National ▁F asc ist ▁Party ▁( PN F ) ▁which ▁was ▁renamed ▁at ▁the ▁Third ▁F asc ist ▁Congress ▁on ▁ 7 – 1 0 ▁November ▁ 1 9 2 1 ▁and ▁ruled ▁the ▁Kingdom ▁of ▁Italy ▁from ▁ 1 9 2 2 ▁until ▁ 1 9 4 3 ▁and ▁the ▁Republican ▁F asc ist ▁Party ▁that ▁ruled ▁the ▁Italian ▁Social ▁Republic ▁from ▁ 1 9 4 3... |
ively ▁represent ▁the ▁nation ' s ▁economic ▁produ cers ▁and ▁work ▁alongside ▁the ▁state ▁to ▁set ▁national ▁economic ▁policy . ▁This ▁economic ▁system ▁intended ▁to ▁resolve ▁class ▁conflict ▁through ▁collaboration ▁between ▁the ▁classes . ▁ ▁Italian ▁F asc ism ▁opposed ▁liberal ism , ▁especially ▁classical ▁liberal ... |
▁As ▁F asc ist ▁Italy ▁and ▁Naz i ▁Germany ▁grew ▁polit ically ▁closer ▁in ▁the ▁latter ▁half ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 9 3 0 s , ▁Italian ▁laws ▁and ▁policies ▁became ▁explicitly ▁ant is emit ic ▁due ▁to ▁extreme ▁pressure ▁from ▁Naz i ▁Germany ▁( even ▁though ▁ant is emit ic ▁laws ▁were ▁not ▁commonly ▁enfor ced ▁in ▁Italy ), ▁in... |
▁F asc ism ▁histor ically ▁sought ▁to ▁for ge ▁a ▁strong ▁Italian ▁Empire ▁as ▁a ▁Third ▁Rome , ▁ident ifying ▁ancient ▁Rome ▁as ▁the ▁First ▁Rome ▁and ▁Renaissance - era ▁Italy ▁as ▁the ▁Second ▁Rome . ▁Italian ▁F asc ism ▁has ▁em ulated ▁ancient ▁Rome ▁and ▁M uss ol ini ▁in ▁particular ▁em ulated ▁ancient ▁Roman ▁lea... |
▁Dal mat ia ▁and ▁into ▁ex ile ▁in ▁Italy , ▁and ▁supported ▁the ▁return ▁of ▁It ali ans ▁of ▁Dal mat ian ▁her itage . ▁M uss ol ini ▁identified ▁Dal mat ia ▁as ▁having ▁strong ▁Italian ▁cultural ▁roots ▁for ▁centuries ▁via ▁the ▁Roman ▁Empire ▁and ▁the ▁Republic ▁of ▁Ven ice . ▁The ▁F asc ists ▁especially ▁focused ▁th... |
▁South ▁S lav ic ▁populations ▁living ▁within ▁Italy ' s ▁borders . ▁The ▁F asc ist ▁regime ▁abol ished ▁the ▁teaching ▁of ▁minor ity ▁German ▁and ▁S lav ic ▁languages ▁in ▁schools , ▁German ▁and ▁S lav ic ▁language ▁newsp apers ▁were ▁shut ▁down ▁and ▁ge ographical ▁and ▁family ▁names ▁in ▁areas ▁of ▁German ▁or ▁S lav... |
▁in ▁Ch amer ia ▁inhab ited ▁by ▁a ▁substantial ▁number ▁of ▁Alban ians .< ref > Ber nd ▁J ürgen ▁Fischer . ▁' Al ban ia ▁at ▁war , ▁ 1 9 3 9 – 1 9 4 5 . ▁West ▁La f ay ette , ▁Indiana , ▁USA : ▁Pur due ▁University ▁Press , ▁ 1 9 9 9 . ▁P . ▁ 7 0 - 7 3 .</ ref > ▁After ▁Italy ▁an nex ed ▁Alban ia ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 9 , ▁the ▁... |
1 9 9 9 . ▁P . ▁ 3 8 . ▁During ▁the ▁period ▁of ▁Italian ▁un ification ▁in ▁ 1 8 6 0 ▁to ▁ 1 8 6 1 , ▁Prime ▁Minister ▁of ▁P ied mont - S ardin ia , ▁Camil lo ▁B enso , ▁Count ▁of ▁Cav our , ▁who ▁was ▁leading ▁the ▁un ification ▁effort , ▁faced ▁opposition ▁from ▁French ▁Emperor ▁Napoleon ▁III ▁who ▁indicated ▁that ▁F... |
i ▁who ▁said : ▁" C ors ica ▁and ▁Nice ▁must ▁not ▁belong ▁to ▁France ; ▁there ▁will ▁come ▁the ▁day ▁when ▁an ▁Italy ▁mind ful ▁of ▁its ▁true ▁worth ▁will ▁rec laim ▁its ▁provinces ▁now ▁so ▁shame fully ▁l angu ishing ▁under ▁foreign ▁dom ination ". ▁M uss ol ini ▁initially ▁purs ued ▁prom oting ▁an nex ation ▁of ▁C o... |
ch ▁was ▁an ▁Italian ▁dialect ▁and ▁thus ▁Gra ub ünd en ▁should ▁be ▁incorpor ated ▁into ▁Italy . ▁T ic ino ▁was ▁also ▁claimed ▁because ▁the ▁region ▁had ▁belonged ▁to ▁the ▁Duch y ▁of ▁Milan ▁from ▁the ▁mid - four teenth ▁century ▁until ▁ 1 5 1 5 , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁being ▁inhab ited ▁by ▁Italian ▁speak ers ▁of ▁Italian... |
rey ▁Cole . ▁Eth nic ▁Gr oups ▁of ▁Europe : ▁An ▁Encyclopedia . ▁ABC - CLI O . ▁ 2 0 1 1 . ▁p . ▁ 2 5 4 ▁Italian ▁had ▁been ▁widely ▁used ▁in ▁Mal ta ▁in ▁the ▁literary , ▁scientific ▁and ▁legal ▁fields ▁and ▁it ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁Mal ta ' s ▁official ▁languages ▁until ▁ 1 9 3 7 ▁when ▁its ▁status ▁was ▁abol ished ▁by ▁the... |
▁citizens hip ▁to ▁be ▁valid ▁in ▁Lib ya ▁only . ▁Tun is ia ▁that ▁had ▁been ▁taken ▁by ▁France ▁as ▁a ▁prote ctor ate ▁in ▁ 1 8 8 1 ▁had ▁the ▁highest ▁concentration ▁of ▁It ali ans ▁in ▁North ▁Africa ▁and ▁its ▁se iz ure ▁by ▁France ▁had ▁been ▁viewed ▁as ▁an ▁injury ▁to ▁national ▁honour ▁in ▁Italy ▁at ▁what ▁they ▁... |
, ▁M uss ol ini ▁stated ▁that ▁" F asc ism ▁was ▁born ... ▁out ▁of ▁a ▁prof ound , ▁per enn ial ▁need ▁of ▁this ▁our ▁A ry an ▁and ▁Mediter rane an ▁race ". Ne oc le ous , ▁Mark . ▁F asc ism . ▁Min ne apolis , ▁Minnesota , ▁USA : ▁University ▁of ▁Minnesota ▁Press , ▁ 1 9 9 7 . ▁p . 3 5 ▁In ▁this ▁speech , ▁M uss ol i... |
▁regime ▁just ified ▁colonial ism ▁in ▁Africa ▁by ▁claim ing ▁that ▁the ▁spiritual ▁and ▁cultural ▁superior ity ▁of ▁It ali ans ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁white ▁race , ▁just ified ▁the ▁right ▁for ▁Italy ▁and ▁other ▁powers ▁of ▁the ▁white ▁race ▁to ▁rule ▁over ▁the ▁black ▁race , ▁while ▁as ser ting ▁the ▁ra cial ▁seg reg a... |
ic ▁pe op les — because ▁only ▁It ali ans ▁had ▁achieved ▁ra cial ▁unity ▁and ▁full ▁political ▁conscious ness ▁via ▁the ▁F asc ist ▁regime . ▁Latin , ▁S lav ic ▁and ▁H ellen ic ▁pe op les ▁were ▁regarded ▁as ▁superior ▁to ▁Turk ic , ▁Sem it ic ▁and ▁Ham it ic ▁pe op les . ▁Among st ▁ind igen ous ▁pe op les ▁of ▁Africa... |
Ch ief ▁F lying ▁E agle ". ▁ ▁Italian ▁F asc ism ▁strongly ▁rejected ▁the ▁common ▁Nord ic ist ▁conception ▁of ▁the ▁A ry an ▁Race ▁that ▁ideal ized ▁" p ure " ▁A ry ans ▁as ▁having ▁certain ▁physical ▁tra its ▁that ▁were ▁defined ▁as ▁Nord ic ▁such ▁as ▁bl ond ▁hair ▁and ▁blue ▁eyes . ▁Nord ic ism ▁was ▁divis ive ▁bec... |
▁from ▁the ▁Italian ▁Society ▁of ▁Anth rop ology ▁and ▁Eth n ology ▁in ▁ 1 8 8 2 ▁and ▁the ▁Lomb ros ian ▁doctrine ▁is ▁currently ▁considered ▁pseud os cient ific . ▁ ▁M uss ol ini ▁and ▁other ▁F asc ists ▁held ▁ant ip ath y ▁to ▁Nord ic ism ▁because ▁of ▁what ▁they ▁viewed ▁as ▁an ▁inferior ity ▁complex ▁of ▁people ▁o... |
ation ▁from ▁their ▁ancest ors ▁of ▁the ▁Mediter rane an ▁race . ▁M uss ol ini ▁refused ▁to ▁allow ▁Italy ▁to ▁return ▁again ▁to ▁this ▁inferior ity ▁complex , ▁initially ▁reject ing ▁Nord ic ism . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁early ▁ 1 9 3 0 s , ▁with ▁the ▁rise ▁to ▁power ▁of ▁the ▁Naz i ▁Party ▁in ▁Germany ▁with ▁F ühr er ▁Adolf ▁Hi... |
▁in ▁the ▁population ▁in ▁general ▁was ▁also ▁bl amed ▁for ▁Rome ' s ▁down fall , ▁claim ing ▁that ▁It ali ans ▁as ▁a ▁whole ▁were ▁a ▁hy brid ▁of ▁races , ▁including ▁black ▁African ▁races . ▁Due ▁to ▁the ▁dark er ▁complex ion ▁of ▁Mediter rane an ▁pe op les , ▁Hitler ▁regarded ▁them ▁as ▁having ▁traces ▁of ▁Neg roid ... |
▁German ". ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁after math ▁of ▁Aust rian ▁Naz is ▁killing ▁Aust rian ▁Chan cell or ▁Engel bert ▁D oll f uss ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 4 , ▁an ▁al ly ▁of ▁Italy , ▁M uss ol ini ▁became ▁en rag ed ▁and ▁respond ed ▁by ▁an gr ily ▁den oun cing ▁Naz ism . ▁M uss ol ini ▁re bu ked ▁Naz ism ' s ▁Nord ic ism , ▁claim ing ▁that ▁the... |
i ▁Germany ▁reduced ▁and ▁relations ▁became ▁more ▁am ic able . ▁In ▁ 1 9 3 6 , ▁M uss ol ini ▁decided ▁to ▁launch ▁a ▁ra cial ▁programme ▁in ▁Italy ▁and ▁was ▁interested ▁in ▁the ▁ra cial ▁studies ▁being ▁conducted ▁by ▁Giul io ▁C og ni . ▁C og ni ▁was ▁a ▁Nord ic ist , ▁but ▁did ▁not ▁equ ate ▁Nord ic ▁identity ▁with... |
▁to ▁in fil tr ation ▁by ▁A si atic ▁pe op les ▁in ▁Roman ▁times ▁and ▁later ▁Arab ▁invas ions . ▁As ▁such , ▁C og ni ▁viewed ▁Southern ▁Italian ▁Mediter rane ans ▁as ▁being ▁poll uted ▁with ▁orient al izing ▁t endencies . ▁He ▁would ▁later ▁change ▁his ▁idea ▁and ▁claim ▁that ▁Nord ics ▁and ▁Southern ▁It ali ans ▁were... |
▁was ▁to ▁be ▁replaced ▁by ▁a ▁focus ▁on ▁A ry an ism . ▁ ▁The ▁F asc ist ▁regime ▁began ▁publication ▁of ▁the ▁ra cial ist ▁magazine ▁La ▁D if esa ▁della ▁Raz za ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 8 . ▁The ▁Nord ic ist ▁ra cial ▁the or ist ▁Gu ido ▁Land ra ▁took ▁a ▁major ▁role ▁in ▁the ▁early ▁work ▁of ▁La ▁D if esa ▁and ▁published ▁the ▁M... |
▁must ▁not ▁be ▁alter ed ▁by ▁cross bre eding ▁with ▁non - Europe an ▁races . ▁ ▁The ▁Man if esto ▁received ▁substantial ▁criticism , ▁including ▁its ▁assertion ▁of ▁It ali ans ▁being ▁a ▁" p ure ▁race ", ▁as ▁critics ▁viewed ▁the ▁notion ▁as ▁abs urd . ▁La ▁D if esa ▁published ▁other ▁theories ▁that ▁described ▁long -... |
▁promoted ▁by ▁U go ▁R ell ini . ▁R ell ini ▁rejected ▁the ▁notion ▁of ▁large ▁scale ▁invas ions ▁of ▁Italy ▁by ▁Nord ic ▁A ry ans ▁in ▁the ▁E ne ol ith ic ▁age ▁and ▁claimed ▁that ▁It ali ans ▁were ▁an ▁ind igen ous ▁people ▁desc ended ▁from ▁the ▁Cro - M agn ons . ▁R ell ini ▁claimed ▁that ▁Mediter rane an ▁and ▁late... |
esto ▁of ▁the ▁Ra cial ▁Scient ists . ▁The ▁Council ▁recognized ▁A ry ans ▁as ▁being ▁a ▁lingu istic - based ▁group ▁and ▁condem ned ▁the ▁Man if esto ▁for ▁den ying ▁the ▁influence ▁of ▁pre - A ry an ▁civil ization ▁on ▁modern ▁Italy , ▁saying ▁that ▁the ▁Man if esto ▁" const it utes ▁an ▁un just ifiable ▁and ▁und emo... |
▁Att itude ▁and ▁policies ▁regarding ▁Jews ▁▁ ▁In ▁his ▁early ▁years ▁as ▁F asc ist ▁leader , ▁while ▁M uss ol ini ▁har b oured ▁negative ▁s tere ot ypes ▁of ▁Jews ▁he ▁did ▁not ▁hold ▁a ▁firm ▁st ance ▁on ▁Jews ▁and ▁his ▁official ▁st ances ▁oscill ated ▁and ▁shift ed ▁to ▁meet ▁the ▁political ▁dem ands ▁of ▁the ▁vari... |
b att imento ▁founded ▁on ▁ 2 3 ▁March ▁ 1 9 1 9 , ▁five ▁were ▁Jewish . ▁Since ▁the ▁movement ' s ▁early ▁years , ▁there ▁were ▁a ▁small ▁number ▁of ▁prominent ▁open ly ▁ant is emit ic ▁F asc ists ▁such ▁as ▁Roberto ▁Far in acci . ▁There ▁were ▁also ▁prominent ▁F asc ists ▁who ▁completely ▁rejected ▁ant is emit ism , ... |
ism ▁following ▁the ▁October ▁Revolution , ▁the ▁Russian ▁Civil ▁War ▁and ▁war ▁in ▁Hung ary ▁involving ▁the ▁Hung arian ▁Soviet ▁Republic : ▁▁ ▁This ▁statement ▁by ▁M uss ol ini ▁on ▁a ▁Jewish - B ols he vik - pl ut ocr atic ▁connection ▁and ▁consp i racy ▁was ▁met ▁with ▁opposition ▁in ▁the ▁F asc ist ▁movement , ▁re... |
▁and ▁helped ▁write ▁D ux ▁( 1 9 2 6 ), ▁a ▁bi ography ▁of ▁M uss ol ini . ▁One ▁of ▁the ▁Jewish ▁financial ▁supp or ters ▁of ▁the ▁F asc ist ▁movement ▁was ▁To e pl itz , ▁whom ▁M uss ol ini ▁had ▁earlier ▁accused ▁of ▁being ▁a ▁tra itor ▁during ▁World ▁War ▁I . ▁Another ▁prominent ▁Jewish ▁Italian ▁F asc ist ▁was ▁E ... |
▁necessary ". ▁ ▁On ▁the ▁e ve ▁of ▁the ▁March ▁on ▁Rome , ▁the ▁leadership ▁of ▁the ▁P NF ▁declared ▁that ▁ ▁" a ▁Jewish ▁question ▁does ▁not ▁exist ▁in ▁our ▁country ▁and ▁let ▁us ▁hope ▁that ▁there ▁never ▁shall ▁be ▁one , ▁at ▁least ▁not ▁until ▁Z ion ism ▁pos es ▁Italian ▁Jews ▁with ▁the ▁d ile m ma ▁of ▁choosing ... |
▁said ▁that ▁all ▁Italian ▁Jews ▁held ▁patri otic ▁respect ▁for ▁Italy . ▁Upon ▁these ▁responses ▁arriv ing , ▁M uss ol ini ▁declared ▁that ▁these ▁revealed ▁that ▁a ▁Jewish ▁problem ▁existed ▁in ▁terms ▁of ▁Jewish ▁identity ▁in ▁Italy ▁as ▁a ▁result ▁of ▁conflic ting ▁national ▁lo y alt ies ▁amongst ▁Z ion ist ▁Jews ▁... |
Univers al ita ▁di ▁Roma ▁( CA UR ) ▁that ▁sought ▁to ▁found ▁a ▁F asc ist ▁International , ▁the ▁issue ▁of ▁ant is emit ism ▁was ▁deb ated ▁amongst ▁various ▁fasc ist ▁parties , ▁with ▁some ▁more ▁fav ou rable ▁to ▁it ▁and ▁others ▁less ▁fav ou rable . ▁Two ▁final ▁comprom ises ▁were ▁adopted , ▁creating ▁the ▁officia... |
▁would ▁make ▁an ▁ideal ▁hom eland ▁for ▁the ▁Jews , ▁not ing ▁that ▁there ▁were ▁large ▁numbers ▁of ▁Fal asha ▁already ▁living ▁there ▁who ▁identified ▁as ▁Jews . ▁However , ▁Z ion ist ▁leaders ▁rejected ▁this ▁proposal ▁by ▁saying ▁that ▁they ▁would ▁only ▁live ▁in ▁the ▁Holy ▁Land ▁in ▁the ▁Lev ant . ▁M uss ol ini ▁... |
▁Fel ice ' s ▁interpretation ▁has ▁been ▁challeng ed ▁by ▁H . ▁Stuart ▁Hugh es , ▁who ▁has ▁claimed ▁that ▁direct ▁Naz i ▁pressure ▁to ▁adopt ▁ant is emit ic ▁policy ▁had ▁little ▁or ▁no ▁impact ▁on ▁M uss ol ini ' s ▁decision . ▁Hugh es ▁notes ▁that ▁the ▁F asc ist ▁version ▁of ▁ant is emit ism ▁was ▁based ▁on ▁spirit... |
▁with ▁F asc ism ▁and ▁sta unch ly ▁opposed ▁the ▁ant is emit ic ▁laws . ▁▁ ▁Total itar ian ism ▁▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 2 5 , ▁the ▁P NF ▁declared ▁that ▁Italy ' s ▁F asc ist ▁state ▁was ▁to ▁be ▁total itar ian . ▁The ▁term ▁" total itar ian " ▁had ▁initially ▁been ▁used ▁as ▁a ▁pe jor ative ▁accus ation ▁by ▁Italy ' s ▁liberal ▁... |
itar ian ▁states . ▁The ▁terror ▁is ▁so ▁m ild ▁in ▁comparison ▁with ▁the ▁Soviet ▁or ▁Naz i ▁vari eties , ▁that ▁it ▁almost ▁fails ▁to ▁qual ify ▁as ▁terror istic ▁at ▁all ." ▁As ▁example ▁he ▁described ▁an ▁Italian ▁journalist ▁friend ▁who ▁refused ▁to ▁become ▁a ▁F asc ist . ▁He ▁was ▁fired ▁from ▁his ▁newspaper ▁an... |
▁died . ▁▁ ▁Corpor at ist ▁econom ics ▁ ▁Italian ▁F asc ism ▁promoted ▁a ▁corpor at ist ▁economic ▁system . ▁The ▁economy ▁involved ▁employ er ▁and ▁employee ▁synd ic ates ▁being ▁linked ▁together ▁in ▁corpor ative ▁associations ▁to ▁collect ively ▁represent ▁the ▁nation ' s ▁economic ▁produ cers ▁and ▁work ▁alongside ... |
ini ▁national ized ▁all ▁independent ▁trade ▁un ions ▁into ▁one ▁government - oper ated ▁synd icate , ▁the ▁Conf istr ada , ▁mand ating ▁union ▁membership ▁for ▁every ▁worker . ▁▁ ▁Age ▁and ▁gender ▁roles ▁ ▁The ▁Italian ▁F asc ists ' ▁political ▁anth em ▁was ▁called ▁Giov ine zza ▁( Y outh ). ▁F asc ism ▁ident ifies ▁... |
ist ▁Italy ▁purs ued ▁an ▁ag gress ive ▁campaign ▁to ▁reduce ▁prost itution ▁of ▁young ▁women . ▁ ▁M uss ol ini ▁perce ived ▁women ' s ▁primary ▁role ▁to ▁be ▁child b ear ers ▁while ▁men ▁were ▁war riors , ▁once ▁saying ▁that ▁" war ▁is ▁to ▁man ▁what ▁mat ern ity ▁is ▁to ▁the ▁woman ". ▁In ▁an ▁effort ▁to ▁increase ▁b... |
▁ 1 9 2 5 ▁it ▁was ▁limited ▁purely ▁to ▁voting ▁in ▁local ▁elections . Ke vin ▁Pass more , ▁Women , ▁G ender ▁and ▁F asc ism ▁in ▁Europe , ▁p . ▁ 1 6 ▁▁ ▁Trad ition ▁ ▁Italian ▁F asc ism ▁believed ▁that ▁the ▁success ▁of ▁Italian ▁national ism ▁required ▁a ▁clear ▁sense ▁of ▁a ▁shared ▁past ▁amongst ▁the ▁Italian ▁peo... |
▁the ▁fas ces ▁on ▁it . ▁However , ▁this ▁attempt ▁to ▁incorpor ate ▁the ▁fas ces ▁on ▁the ▁flag ▁was ▁stopped ▁by ▁strong ▁opposition ▁to ▁the ▁proposal ▁by ▁Italian ▁monarch ists . ▁After wards , ▁the ▁F asc ist ▁government ▁in ▁public ▁cer emon ies ▁rose ▁the ▁national ▁tr icol our ▁flag ▁along ▁with ▁a ▁F asc ist ▁... |
▁Italy ' s ▁g ains ▁after ▁World ▁War ▁I ▁and ▁the ▁army ▁held ▁close ▁loyal ty ▁to ▁the ▁King , ▁thus ▁any ▁idea ▁of ▁over throw ing ▁the ▁mon archy ▁was ▁disc arded ▁as ▁fool hard y ▁by ▁the ▁F asc ists ▁at ▁this ▁point . ▁Import antly , ▁F asc ism ' s ▁recognition ▁of ▁mon archy ▁provided ▁F asc ism ▁with ▁a ▁sense ... |
▁M uss ol ini ▁created ▁the ▁position ▁of ▁First ▁Marsh al ▁of ▁the ▁Empire ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 8 , ▁a ▁two - person ▁position ▁of ▁control ▁over ▁the ▁military ▁held ▁by ▁both ▁the ▁King ▁and ▁the ▁head ▁of ▁government ▁that ▁had ▁the ▁effect ▁of ▁elimin ating ▁the ▁King ' s ▁previously ▁exclusive ▁legal ▁authority ▁over ▁the... |
8 ▁September ▁ 1 9 4 3 , ▁M uss ol ini ▁made ▁his ▁first ▁public ▁address ▁to ▁the ▁Italian ▁people ▁since ▁his ▁rescue ▁from ▁arrest ▁by ▁al lied ▁German ▁forces , ▁in ▁which ▁he ▁comm ended ▁the ▁loyal ty ▁of ▁Hitler ▁as ▁an ▁al ly ▁while ▁condem ning ▁King ▁Victor ▁Em manuel ▁III ▁of ▁the ▁Kingdom ▁of ▁Italy ▁for ▁b... |
▁the ▁Al lies . ▁ ▁The ▁relationship ▁between ▁Italian ▁F asc ism ▁and ▁the ▁Catholic ▁Church ▁was ▁mixed , ▁as ▁originally ▁the ▁F asc ists ▁were ▁highly ▁anti - cler ical ▁and ▁host ile ▁to ▁Catholic ism , ▁though ▁from ▁the ▁mid ▁to ▁late ▁ 1 9 2 0 s ▁anti - cler ical ism ▁lost ▁ground ▁in ▁the ▁movement ▁as ▁M uss ... |
▁of ▁the ▁life ▁of ▁Jews ▁in ▁Christian ▁lands . ▁Jews ▁were ▁prohib ited ▁from ▁holding ▁any ▁public ▁office ▁that ▁would ▁give ▁them ▁power ▁over ▁Christians ▁and ▁Jews ▁were ▁required ▁to ▁wear ▁distinct ive ▁cl othing ▁to ▁distinguish ▁them ▁from ▁Christians . ▁▁ ▁Do ctrine ▁The ▁Do ctrine ▁of ▁F asc ism ▁( La ▁dot... |
▁the ▁Frank ▁Char lemagne ▁and ▁the ▁French ▁Napoleon . ▁The ▁phil os opher – int el lect ual ▁Gent ile ▁was ▁especially ▁inspired ▁by ▁the ▁Roman ▁Empire ▁( 2 7 ▁BC ▁– ▁AD ▁ 4 7 6 , ▁ 1 4 5 3 ), ▁from ▁wh ence ▁der ives ▁F asc ism : ▁▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 2 5 , ▁M uss ol ini ▁assumed ▁the ▁title ▁Du ce ▁( L ead er ), ▁derived ▁... |
ist ▁art , ▁architecture ▁and ▁symbols ▁constit uted ▁a ▁process ▁which ▁converted ▁F asc ism ▁into ▁a ▁sort ▁of ▁a ▁civil ▁religion ▁or ▁political ▁religion . ▁La ▁dot tr ina ▁del ▁fasc ismo ▁states ▁that ▁F asc ism ▁is ▁a ▁" rel ig ious ▁conception ▁of ▁life " ▁and ▁forms ▁a ▁" sp irit ual ▁community " ▁in ▁contrast ... |
▁of ▁the ▁National ▁F asc ist ▁Party ▁( PN F , ▁Part ito ▁Nazionale ▁F asc ista ), ▁M uss ol ini ▁said ▁that ▁dem ocracy ▁is ▁" be aut iful ▁in ▁theory ; ▁in ▁practice , ▁it ▁is ▁a ▁f alla cy " ▁and ▁spoke ▁of ▁celebr ating ▁the ▁bur ial ▁of ▁the ▁" put rid ▁cor pse ▁of ▁liberty ". ▁In ▁ 1 9 2 3 , ▁to ▁give ▁Deput y ▁M... |
▁ 3 0 ▁May ▁ 1 9 2 4 ▁in ▁Parliament ▁formally ▁accused ▁the ▁P NF ▁of ▁elect oral ▁fra ud ▁and ▁re iter ated ▁his ▁den unci ations ▁of ▁P NF ▁Black sh irt ▁political ▁violence ▁and ▁was ▁publishing ▁The ▁F asc isti ▁Ex posed : ▁A ▁Year ▁of ▁F asc ist ▁Dom ination , ▁a ▁book ▁subst anti ating ▁his ▁accus ations . Spe e... |
posed ▁of ▁oppon ents ▁in ▁the ▁Imperial ▁Roman ▁way : ▁political ▁arrest ▁pun ished ▁with ▁island ▁ban ishment . ▁▁ ▁Cond itions ▁precip it ating ▁F asc ism ▁▁▁ ▁National ist ▁dis content ▁ ▁After ▁World ▁War ▁I ▁( 1 9 1 4 – 1 9 1 8 ), ▁despite ▁the ▁Kingdom ▁of ▁Italy ▁( 1 8 6 1 – 1 9 4 6 ) ▁being ▁a ▁full - part ner... |
at ian ▁se ap ort ▁of ▁F ium e ▁( R ije ka ), ▁a ▁mostly ▁Italian ▁city ▁of ▁little ▁national ist ▁significance , ▁until ▁early ▁ 1 9 1 9 . ▁Moreover , ▁elsewhere ▁Italy ▁was ▁then ▁ex cluded ▁from ▁the ▁w art ime ▁secret ▁Tre aty ▁of ▁London ▁( 1 9 1 5 ) ▁it ▁had ▁conc ord ed ▁with ▁the ▁Tri ple ▁Ent ente ; ▁where in ... |
osoph ic ▁development ▁of ▁early ▁Italian ▁F asc ism . ▁Con sequ ent ▁to ▁the ▁Tre aty ▁of ▁Rap allo ▁( 1 9 2 0 ), ▁the ▁metropol itan ▁Italian ▁military ▁de posed ▁the ▁Reg ency ▁of ▁Du ce ▁D ' An n un z io ▁on ▁Christmas ▁ 1 9 2 0 . ▁In ▁the ▁development ▁of ▁the ▁fasc ist ▁model ▁of ▁government , ▁D ' An n un z io ▁... |
eth ▁century " ▁while ▁he ▁was ▁in ▁the ▁process ▁of ▁sh ifting ▁his ▁views ▁from ▁social ism ▁to ▁national ism . ▁En rico ▁Cor rad ini , ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁early ▁influ ences ▁on ▁M uss ol ini ' s ▁thought ▁and ▁later ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁his ▁administration , ▁champion ed ▁the ▁concept ▁of ▁pro let arian ▁national ism , ▁writ... |
". ▁Moreover , ▁for ▁campaign ▁finan cing ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 2 0 – 1 9 2 1 ▁period ▁the ▁National ▁F asc ist ▁Party ▁also ▁court ed ▁the ▁industrial ists ▁and ▁( histor ically ▁fe ud al ) ▁land own ers ▁by ▁appe aling ▁to ▁their ▁fear s ▁of ▁left - wing ▁social ist ▁and ▁B ols he vik ▁labor ▁politics ▁and ▁urban ▁and ▁rura... |