text stringlengths 27 153 | label stringlengths 27 153 | id int64 0 40k |
|---|---|---|
discuss need satisfied be conditions We by selected the to that nodes. | We discuss conditions that need to be satisfied by the selected nodes. | 7,000 |
algorithm these a loop-cutset heuristic satisfies conditions. for that present finding a We | We present a heuristic algorithm for finding a loop-cutset that satisfies these conditions. | 7,001 |
belief is knowledge associated with Domain functions. rules stored as | Domain knowledge is stored as rules with associated belief functions. | 7,002 |
in uncertainty addresses of system. errors resolving This the rule-based under problem a paper | This paper addresses the problem of resolving errors under uncertainty in a rule-based system. | 7,003 |
as been this has neural-network problem A new approach reformulates developed problem. a learning that | A new approach has been developed that reformulates this problem as a neural-network learning problem. | 7,004 |
The limitations the of and explored fundamental and are this discussed. approach strength | The strength and the fundamental limitations of this approach are explored and discussed. | 7,005 |
increasingly retrieval in and and information. become important of storage Hypertext management, the hypermedia have | Hypertext and hypermedia have become increasingly important in the storage management, and retrieval of information. | 7,006 |
extensively packages. broad terms, hypermedia In in deliver heterogeneous bits of cross-referenced dynamic, information | In broad terms, hypermedia deliver heterogeneous bits of information in dynamic, extensively cross-referenced packages. | 7,007 |
representing Beliefs propagated the BNDL clauses of the are distributions. programs probabilistic underlying the among | Beliefs are propagated among the clauses of the BNDL programs representing the underlying probabilistic distributions. | 7,008 |
Dempster's rule controversial the has the most theory. been of (D-S) Dempster-Shafer combination of part | Dempster's rule of combination has been the most controversial part of the Dempster-Shafer (D-S) theory. | 7,009 |
give is what explanations requirement One such need of to is qualitative believed. the | One such requirement is the need to give qualitative explanations of what is believed. | 7,010 |
thereby The the in procedure practical use general made to more is case. | The procedure is thereby made more practical to use in the general case. | 7,011 |
inference. and problem frequently extension The diagnostic default multiple arises in | The multiple extension problem arises frequently in diagnostic and default inference. | 7,012 |
reasonable, In of multiple may improbable. diagnosis, however, all however explanations the area the seem | In the area of diagnosis, however, the multiple explanations may all seem reasonable, however improbable. | 7,013 |
of them a among Choosing matter preference. is quantitative | Choosing among them is a matter of quantitative preference. | 7,014 |
in causally. preference works Quantitative diagnosis knowledge when well is modelled | Quantitative preference works well in diagnosis when knowledge is modelled causally. | 7,015 |
We construct can then probabilities compute incrementally as explanations. we | We can then compute probabilities incrementally as we construct explanations. | 7,016 |
probable partially first is explanation ordered. most are A explanations if found | A most probable explanation is found first if explanations are partially ordered. | 7,017 |
an surroundings. analysis, often be information In drawn its can pattern regarding object from | In pattern analysis, information regarding an object can often be drawn from its surroundings. | 7,018 |
method and based theory theory. possibility on Dempster-Shafer The is | The method is based on Dempster-Shafer theory and possibility theory. | 7,019 |
a We database a that scoped temporally manages beliefs. program of present | We present a program that manages a database of temporally scoped beliefs. | 7,020 |
operates At any or of calculus. system belief of level this the measure independent belief | At this level the system operates independent of any measure of belief or belief calculus. | 7,021 |
This proposed paper an with compares other approaches the on database. image approach | This paper compares the proposed approach with other approaches on an image database. | 7,022 |
distributions. paper relationship of between This the and Shafer's convex examines functions sets probability belief | This paper examines the relationship between Shafer's belief functions and convex sets of probability distributions. | 7,023 |
implications has theoretic for decision This a extension. | This has implications for a decision theoretic extension. | 7,024 |
of rule Dempster's also rule Bayes' conditioning. compared of is combination with | Dempster's rule of combination is also compared with Bayes' rule of conditioning. | 7,025 |
I render (l) have evidence enough to S probable. the sentence | (l) I have enough evidence to render the sentence S probable. | 7,026 |
vaguely, probabilistic and embody them shall what inference. Generally I I take call to | Generally and vaguely, I take them to embody what I shall call probabilistic inference. | 7,027 |
non-monotonic. This clearly form is of inference | This form of inference is clearly non-monotonic. | 7,028 |
this corresponds I inference. what None to of probabilistic call | None of this corresponds to what I call probabilistic inference. | 7,029 |
in from multiple Poly-trees singly are arise causal variables which causes. may networks connected | Poly-trees are singly connected causal networks in which variables may arise from multiple causes. | 7,030 |
stated conditions these are two to Sufficient methods agree. for | Sufficient conditions are stated for these two methods to agree. | 7,031 |
data and if problem involves particularly true noisy is This redundant measurements. the | This is particularly true if the problem involves noisy data and redundant measurements. | 7,032 |
of of use winner-take-all groups variables also is The discussed. | The use of winner-take-all groups of variables is also discussed. | 7,033 |
The software the to a mood the enhancing artist added helps portrait. | The software helps enhancing the mood the artist added to a portrait. | 7,034 |
estimate output be quantity an a of action. uncertain some for may recommendation The or | The output may be an estimate of some uncertain quantity or a recommendation for action. | 7,035 |
Schemer-ll, communication computational architecture, and among problem-solving of subsystems. called for provides The interleaving various | The computational architecture, called Schemer-ll, provides for interleaving of and communication among various problem-solving subsystems. | 7,036 |
refinement, to subsystems execution. These gathering, solution belief and approaches alternative provide construction, information solution | These subsystems provide alternative approaches to information gathering, belief refinement, solution construction, and solution execution. | 7,037 |
knowledge This process. inferencing NAIVE, and low-level describes representation paper language a | This paper describes NAIVE, a low-level knowledge representation language and inferencing process. | 7,038 |
those about designed systems nondeterministic has like dynamic reasoning been NAIVE medicine. for in found | NAIVE has been designed for reasoning about nondeterministic dynamic systems like those found in medicine. | 7,039 |
uses functions density probability inferencing process these uncertainty. propagate The to | The inferencing process uses these probability density functions to propagate uncertainty. | 7,040 |
primitive are of framework valuations. and The the objects variables | The primitive objects of the framework are variables and valuations. | 7,041 |
framework marginalization. The primitive the are combination and of operators | The primitive operators of the framework are combination and marginalization. | 7,042 |
modus discussed. inference applying are fuzzy by ponens using for rules Different schemas | Different inference schemas for applying fuzzy rules by using modus ponens are discussed. | 7,043 |
have, over theory. people reasons for, probability and have concerns Still, various | Still, people have, and have reasons for, various concerns over probability theory. | 7,044 |
notion. Probability however, formal offers this to counterpart theory, no | Probability theory, however, offers no formal counterpart to this notion. | 7,045 |
But does this provide yet not of induction, theory i.e. a | But this does not yet provide a theory of induction, i.e. | 7,046 |
no The that is there problem is completion. good crucial | The crucial problem is that there is no good completion. | 7,047 |
this such suggest paper, want In to I solution. a | In this paper, I want to suggest such a solution. | 7,048 |
techniques. paper comparing This evidential at reasoning on reports empirical aimed work | This paper reports on empirical work aimed at comparing evidential reasoning techniques. | 7,049 |
are are not but conclusions novel, instructive. The | The conclusions are not novel, but are instructive. | 7,050 |
winners clear there losers. calculi, Among no the or were | Among the calculi, there were no clear winners or losers. | 7,051 |
The application been has theory recently expert systems. for to Dempster-Shafer extended its | The Dempster-Shafer theory has been extended recently for its application to expert systems. | 7,052 |
made between is and "statistical" probabilities. distinction "subjective" A sometimes | A distinction is sometimes made between "statistical" and "subjective" probabilities. | 7,053 |
distinction This is events. and between "repeatable" a events "unique" based on | This is based on a distinction between "unique" events and "repeatable" events. | 7,054 |
very can conception This be applied to of languages. rich probability | This conception of probability can be applied to very rich languages. | 7,055 |
more inductive is than The conclusions are logic in premises. that informative | The logic is inductive in that conclusions are more informative than premises. | 7,056 |
decision making. future of is component important an Predicting the | Predicting the future is an important component of decision making. | 7,057 |
enough there predictions. to not make however, most In is information situations, accurate | In most situations, however, there is not enough information to make accurate predictions. | 7,058 |
causal of uncertainty. for a In predictive inference under reasoning theory we paper, develop this | In this paper, we develop a theory of causal reasoning for predictive inference under uncertainty. | 7,059 |
In "conditional" an measurefree of a was earlier new presented. objects theory paper, | In an earlier paper, a new theory of measurefree "conditional" objects was presented. | 7,060 |
the is this placed In upon motivation of theory. the paper, emphasis | In this paper, emphasis is placed upon the motivation of the theory. | 7,061 |
through of system. involving an knowledge-based is The motivation part established central example this a | The central part of this motivation is established through an example involving a knowledge-based system. | 7,062 |
a published Minsky slightly Selfridge.) first (This extends & result by | (This slightly extends a result first published by Minsky & Selfridge.) | 7,063 |
of probability. paper a argues modal This for view | This paper argues for a modal view of probability. | 7,064 |
concepts. for a expressing Probability logical is probabilistic both language and logic | Probability logic is a language for expressing both probabilistic and logical concepts. | 7,065 |
major A involves reasoning of use of approximations. aspect human the | A major aspect of human reasoning involves the use of approximations. | 7,066 |
reasoning work is to Our the real-time of concerned approximate with control. application | Our work is concerned with the application of approximate reasoning to real-time control. | 7,067 |
environment hardware translating programming rules fuzzy realizations. control for into a We describe | We describe a programming environment for translating fuzzy control rules into hardware realizations. | 7,068 |
hardware possible. Two are realizations of methods | Two methods of hardware realizations are possible. | 7,069 |
a inferencing. based on First purpose for The fuzzy chip is special | The First is based on a special purpose chip for fuzzy inferencing. | 7,070 |
is The second based memory on a chip. simple | The second is based on a simple memory chip. | 7,071 |
of knowledge making probabilities examined. for constraints condition linear decision Techniques on are with | Techniques for decision making with knowledge of linear constraints on condition probabilities are examined. | 7,072 |
for now inference. exist Methods propagating beliefs chains of through | Methods now exist for propagating beliefs through chains of inference. | 7,073 |
beliefs on of same may different the Moreover, different consequent rules representations the yield hypotheses. | Moreover, different representations of the same rules may yield different beliefs on the consequent hypotheses. | 7,074 |
different two Thus, in the in manifested is meta-levels. uncertainty system | Thus, uncertainty in the system is manifested in two different meta-levels. | 7,075 |
whole. paradigms functioning be different a into meta-levels and The integrated must uncertainty | The different uncertainty paradigms and meta-levels must be integrated into a functioning whole. | 7,076 |
and forming natural their Bacteria complex environments infection ("bacteriophages") coexist viruses networks. in | Bacteria and their viruses ("bacteriophages") coexist in natural environments forming complex infection networks. | 7,077 |
decrease increasing with bacterial that growth infection. against find should First, defense rate we | First, we find that bacterial growth rate should decrease with increasing defense against infection. | 7,078 |
host should Second, of with infection we efficiency find viral decrease the that range. | Second, we find that the efficiency of viral infection should decrease with host range. | 7,079 |
between curvature Next, relationship history trade-offs. establish life relative densities a of the and we | Next, we establish a relationship between relative densities and the curvature of life history trade-offs. | 7,080 |
the to findings communities. multi-species "Kill-the-Winner" and compare current the model We phage-bacteria of contrast | We compare and contrast the current findings to the "Kill-the-Winner" model of multi-species phage-bacteria communities. | 7,081 |
seems The formalism handle the to examples nonmonotonic literature. the from | The formalism seems to handle the examples from the nonmonotonic literature. | 7,082 |
method presented. computing is probabilistic propositions for A | A method for computing probabilistic propositions is presented. | 7,083 |
composed RUM's architecture representation, and of layers: is three control. inference, | RUM's architecture is composed of three layers: representation, inference, and control. | 7,084 |
example of situation An assessment is illustrated. naval | An example of naval situation assessment is illustrated. | 7,085 |
calculus possesses these presented The features. here | The calculus presented here possesses these features. | 7,086 |
Some scheme results with obtained this are discussed. | Some results obtained with this scheme are discussed. | 7,087 |
methods with certain I then inference maximum currently reasoning. uncertain compare entropy popular other for | I then compare maximum entropy inference with certain other currently popular methods for uncertain reasoning. | 7,088 |
by set memory a rule (ROM). realized memory a implementation, In is only read this | In this implementation, a rule set memory is realized by a read only memory (ROM). | 7,089 |
processor, the for path out each is inference laid data In rule. one | In the inference processor, one data path is laid out for each rule. | 7,090 |
is processed are but parallel, All in rules rule each executed serially. | All rules are executed in parallel, but each rule is processed serially. | 7,091 |
is A two-phase nonoverlapping clocking scheme used. | A two-phase nonoverlapping clocking scheme is used. | 7,092 |
not best indicate approach. research may recent be always the However, that results minimizing | However, recent research results indicate that minimizing may not always be the best approach. | 7,093 |
about probabilistic likelihood. Bayesian networks semantics assertions provide qualitative for a | Bayesian networks provide a probabilistic semantics for qualitative assertions about likelihood. | 7,094 |
experts" The of the information a Bayesian of space "opinions combine in in fashion. experts | The experts in the space of "opinions of experts" combine information in a Bayesian fashion. | 7,095 |
We evidence by viewpoint. of combination the alternative for spaces this suggested present | We present alternative spaces for the combination of evidence suggested by this viewpoint. | 7,096 |
what commonsense many cases is knowledge consists knowledge usual. In of of | In many cases commonsense knowledge consists of knowledge of what is usual. | 7,097 |
paper we usual In system reasoning with develop this for information. a | In this paper we develop a system for reasoning with usual information. | 7,098 |
the We this granules. with aid system of implement possibility-probability | We implement this system with the aid of possibility-probability granules. | 7,099 |
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