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5th Century
In what century did the Romans leave Britain?
green
What color bush did an Anglo-Saxon woman raise to indicate that her ale was done brewing?
in monasteries
In the early Middle Ages, where could a traveler obtain overnight accommodations?
1446
When were the Hostellers of London were granted guild status?
Worshipful Company of Innholders
What name was taken by the Hostellers in 1514?
1446
When did the Hostellers of London become a guild?
1514
In what year did the Hostellers of London change their name to the Worshipful Company of Innholders?
monasteries
Where did travelers early in the Middle Ages often find lodgings?
pilgrimages
What religious activity was responsible for the growing demand for hostelries?
in the country or along a highway
Where is an inn typically located?
community gathering places
In addition to providing for the needs of travelers what was another typical use for an inn?
several centuries
How old are some of the inns in Europe?
food and drink
Aside from lodging, what amenities are often offered at inns?
highway
What road is an inn often located near?
two
How many thousand years ago did the Romans build their road system?
several centuries
About how old are the oldest inns in Europe?
community gathering places
What role did inns serve other than housing travelers?
accommodation
What amenity does an inn offer that pubs, alehouses and taverns usually do not?
the UK
In what nation's pubs is food often served?
The George
Along with Southwark and The Tabard, what is a notable London inn?
Scotland
In what country is "The Welcome Inn" frequently used as a name for pubs?
horses
Aside from human beings, what creature's needs were traditionally seen to at inns?
lodging
What is the main service of an inn, now also attainable in motels, hotels and lodges?
alcohol
What is the main provision that pubs offer?
food and drink
What are customers seeking when they visit restaurants or taverns?
Holiday Inn
What is a noted hotel brand throughout North America?
innkeepers
In the United States, what are operators of lodgings sometimes called?
Inns of Court
Along with the Inns of Chancery, in what inns did British lawyers historically conduct business?
London
In what city are the Inns of Chancery located?
Wales
Outside England, what other country does the legal system founded around the Inns of Court operate in?
fermented malt
What was the one ingredient of traditional English ale?
the Netherlands
What country pioneered the introduction of hops for beer production?
15th
In what century was the process of using hops to produce beer introduced to England?
17th
In what century did the first independent breweries appear in England?
commercial breweries
What businesses were the dominant brewers of beer in England by the close of the 17th century?
the Glorious Revolution
After what political upheaval was gin introduced to England?
the Dutch
What people introduced gin to England?
1688
In what year did the Glorious Revolution occur?
six times
How much more gin than beer was made in England in 1740?
half
In 1740, what fraction of London drinking establishments were gin shops?
William Hogarth
What artist created the engraving Beer Street and Gin Lane?
The Gin Act 1736
What law imposed a high tax on gin shops and resulted in riots?
1742
When were the Gin Act 1736 duties eliminated?
The Gin Act 1751
What law placed gin shops under the control of local magistrates?
19th
In what century did gin houses proliferate throughout Britain?
Sketches by Boz
What book by Dickens described activities in drinking establishments?
1835–1836
Over what two-year period was Sketches by Boz written?
"Gin Palaces"
What was another name for gin houses early in the 19th century?
London
In what British city did gin houses first appear?
Beer Act of 1830
What law allowed the existence of beer houses?
low alcohol content
In what way did small beer differ from regular beer?
gin
What alcohol was regarded as evil when compared to beer?
reducing public drunkenness
What was the intention behind the passage of the Beer Act of 1830?
£168
What is the approximate modern value of two guineas in 1830?
beer or cider
What did the Beer Act allow a householder to sell from his home?
Sundays
On what day were beer houses closed?
jugs
Along with barrels, what was beer typically dispensed from?
spirits and fortified wines
What was forbidden from being sold in beer houses?
400
How many beer houses opened their doors in the inaugural year of the Beer Act?
46,000
How many beer houses existed throughout Britain eight years after the passage of the Beer Act?
1869
In what year were additional licensing laws introduced for beer houses?
pubs
What establishments did beer houses become after buying an additional license?
19th
By the end of what century were most beer houses closed?
corners or road junctions
Where are purpose-built pubs typically located?
real ale micro-brewers
What modern brewers often first began as beer houses?
The Red Lion
Along with The Royal Oak and The Crown, what is a traditional name for a pub?
Smith's Beer House
What is an example of a name for a beer house?
ale
In addition to a license to sell spirits, what did tavern owners require a license to sell?
17th
In what century did public drinking regulations first exist in England?
the crown
What party received income from the sale of public drinking house licenses?
19th
In what century were the operating hours of drinking establishments first limited?
1960s
In what decade were the restrictions on public drinking establishment licenses loosened?
Local Authorities
What bodies controlled drinking establishment licensing administration as of 2005?
Wine and Beerhouse Act 1869
What law mandated a license from the local magistrate to sell beer?
special Licensing Sessions courts
At what locations were public house licenses granted?
ex-servicemen or ex-policemen
Retirees from what two professions often sought licenses for pubs?
Occasional Licences
What were licenses called that allowed spirits to be served at temporary premises?
London Metropolitan Archives centre
Where can historical licensing records be examined?
owner
Along with a public house's address, licensee, and the licensee's misdemeanors, what information was kept in licensing records?
the Defence of the Realm Act
What law further restricted public houses?
August 1914
In what month and year was the Defence of the Realm Act passed?
12 noon–2:30 pm
Along with the period 6:30 pm–9:30 pm, what opening hours were acceptable under the Defence of the Realm Act?
Pembrokeshire
What is an example of a county where provinces were closed for violating the Defence of the Realm Act?
the police
What body enforced pubs' closing hours under the Defence of the Realm Act?
10:30 pm
What was the mandated closing time of pubs in Kensington in the 1960s?
11 pm
What was the mandated closing time of pubs in Knightsbridge in the 1960s?
Carlisle
What is an example of an English city where breweries were run by the government?
1973
In what year did the State Management Scheme cease?
Sundays
On what days were Scottish and Welsh pubs often 'dry'?
11 pm
Circa 2000, what was the latest pubs in Wales could be open until on every day but Sunday?
10:30 pm
What was the latest legal closing time on Sundays in English pubs as of 2000?
24
How many hours per day were pubs located near Billingsgate fish market allowed to remain open?
12 noon
In 2000, what was the earliest Welsh and English pubs could open on Sundays?
11 am
In 2000, what was the earliest Welsh and English pubs could open on any day but Sunday?
1976
When were wartime licensing laws ended in Scotland?
Scotland's and Northern Ireland's
What constituent countries of the United Kingdom's licensing laws were notably flexible?
24 November 2005
When did the Licensing Act 2003 come into effect?
the local council
After the Licensing Act 2003, who determined the operating hours of pubs?
11.30 pm
Due to the traditional closing hours, when was there often violence outside of pubs?
207,800
How many alcohol involved hospital admissions were there in 2006/7?