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they are actively engaged in modifying their environment
What did Whitehead state was the biggest indicator of a higher form of life?
living, living well, and living better
What did Whitehead believe are the goals f life?
increasing its own satisfaction
What did Whitehead believe was the fundamental purpose of life?
survival value
Whitehead observes that life is deficient in what?
modifying their environment
What are higher life forms actively engaged in?
three
How many goals of living is there?
increasing its own satisfaction
Whitehead sees life as directed towards what purpose?
unintelligible
Without Whitehead's proposed purpose, life would be what?
"they certainly did not appear because they were better at that game than the rocks around them."
What was Whitehead's response to questions about why complex life evolved?
"the brief Galilean vision of humility"
What was Whitehead's description of God?
"the Church gave unto God the attributes which belonged exclusively to Caesar."
What is Whitehead's most well-known critical statement regarding the Christian notion of God?
primarily a divine king who imposes his will on the world, and whose most important attribute is power
What qualities dis Whitehead state that Christians attributed to their version of God?
God is not necessarily tied to religion
What was Whitehead's belief about God in relation to religion?
primordial nature of God
In what did Whitehead believe that those concepts existed?
the consequent nature
What did Whitehead view as the second nature of God?
dipolar
What type of God did Whitehead believe existed?
His system required that an order exist among possibilities, an order that allowed for novelty in the world and provided an aim to all entities.
Why did Whitehead view the existence of God as a necessity for his metaphysical system?
God's reception of the world's activity
How does Whitehead define he consequent nature of God?
God saves and cherishes all experiences forever
What does Whitehead say that God does with all experiences?
It is the judgment of a tenderness which loses nothing that can be saved.
How does Whitehead describe the judgment of God?
those experiences go on to change the way God interacts with the world
What effect does Whitehead claim that experiences have on God?
God is really changed by what happens in the world and the wider universe, lending the actions of finite creatures an eternal significance.
What conclusion does Whitehead draw about God's treatment of humans' experiences?
deficient in actuality and change
In what way did Whitehead view God as deficient?
merely eternally unrealized possibilities
What did Whitehead claim God would be without the world?
Whitehead thus sees God and the world as fulfilling one another
How does Whitehead view the relationship between God an the world?
He sees entities in the world as fluent and changing things that yearn for a permanence which only God can provide
How does he define entities' need for God?
by taking them into God's self, thereafter changing God and affecting the rest of the universe throughout time
How dis Whitehead believe God provided permanence to entities?
individual
What did Whitehead believe was the basis of religion?
"religion is what the individual does with his own solitariness ... and if you are never solitary, you are never religious."
What is Whitehead's most famous statement on religion?
a system of general truths that transformed a person's character
How did Whitehead define religion?
while religion is often a good influence, it is not necessarily good
How did Whitehead define "dangerous delusion" as it relates to religion?
solitariness
In what state did Whitehead believe religion began?
"the value of the objective world which is a community derivative from the interrelations of its component individuals."
What realization did Whitehead believe religion made necessary?
meaning and value do not exist for the individual alone, but only in the context of the universal community
What did Whitehead believe was necessary for an entity to have meaning and value?
The spirit at once surrenders itself to this universal claim and appropriates it for itself
How does Whitehead describe religion as world-loyalty?
the individual and universal/social aspects of religion are mutually dependent
What did Whitehead believe was the relationship between the individual and social aspects of religion?
through the work of his students and admirers rather
Where has interest outside of those areas mainly come from?
Bruno Latour
What French sociologist and anthropologist stated that Whitehead was "the greatest philosopher of the 20th century"?
Claremont and a select number of liberal graduate-level theology and philosophy programs
Where are Whitehead's works primarily studied in English-speaking countries?
Bertrand Russell, and he also taught and supervised the dissertation of Willard Van Orman Quine
Who are two of Whitehead's students that have gone on to become renowned in the field of analytic philosophy?
"he stands provisionally as the last great Anglo-American philosopher before Wittgenstein's disciples spread their misty confusion, sufficiency, and terror."
What did Gilles Deleuze say about Whitehead?
American progressive theology
In what field of study has Whitehead's work been most influential in the United States?
Charles Hartshorne
Who was the most important early supporter of Whitehead's work in the context of theology?
developing Whitehead's process philosophy into a full-blown process theology
What advancement of Whitehead's process philosophy is attributed to Charles Hartshorne?
John B. Cobb, Jr., David Ray Griffin, Marjorie Hewitt Suchocki, C. Robert Mesle, Roland Faber, and Catherine Keller
Who are some other distinguished process theologians?
God's relational nature
What aspect of God is usually emphasized in process theology?
"the fellow sufferer who understands", and as the being who is supremely affected by temporal events
How is God usually perceived by process theologians?
people would not praise a human ruler who was unaffected by either the joys or sorrows of his followers – so why would this be a praise-worthy quality in God?
Why did Hartshorne feel that God must be affected by people?
as the being who is most affected by the world, God is the being who can most appropriately respond to the world
Why would God being substantially affected by the world be beneficial?
"process naturalism", i.e. a process theology without God.
What type of process theology does C. Robert Mesle promote?
biology and economics
What subjects has John B. Cobb, Jr. written books on other than process theology?
poststructuralist, postcolonialist, and feminist theory
What theories do Roland Faber and Catherine Keller combine with Whitehead's ideas?
geneticist
What was Charles Birch's profession besides theologian?
Alexander Bard and Jan Söderqvist
Who authored "Syntheism - Creating God in the Internet Age"?
process theologians are so diverse and transdisciplinary in their views and interests
Why is there difficulty in defining process theology ?
"an ultimate craving to infuse into the insistent particularity of emotion that non-temporal generality which primarily belongs to conceptual thought alone."
What was Whitehead's technical definition of religion?
religion takes deeply felt emotions and contextualizes them within a system of general truths about the world
What did Whitehead believe religion did with strong emotions?
a kind of bridge between philosophy and the emotions and purposes of a particular society
What purpose did Whitehead believe religion served?
It is the task of religion to make philosophy applicable to the everyday lives of ordinary people.
What did Whitehead believe was the job of religion regarding philosophy?
pioneer in the fields of organizational theory and organizational behavior
What is Mary Parker Follett known for?
ontology that "understands becoming as a relational process; difference as being related, yet unique; and the purpose of becoming as harmonizing difference."
What do Margaret Stout and Carrie M. Staton view as commonalities between Whitehead and Follett?
Integrative Process: Follettian Thinking from Ontology to Administration
What book did Stout and Jeanine M. Love author that further examines the on between Whitehead and Follett?
continue to invest client funds in over-priced (under-yielding) investments
What did many asset managers decide to do to the detriment of their clients?
a conflict of interest
What led to bad investments by asset managers in over-priced credit assets?
Professional investment managers
Who is compensated based on the volume of client assets they have under management?
to maximize their compensation
What is the incentive for asset managers to expand their assets under management?
plausible deniability
What rationale did asset managers who continued to invest in over-priced investments to the detriment of their clients use?
Countrywide Financial
Who was Southern California-based IndyMac a spin-off of?
July 11, 2008
On what date did IndyMac fail?
IndyMac
Which financial institution was the first one visible to run into trouble in the United States?
IndyMac Bank
Before its failure, which savings and loan association was the seventh largest mortgage originator in the United States?
IndyMac Bancorp
Who was IndyMac's parent corporation?
April 2008
When did Moody's and Standard & Poor downgrade a significant number of IndyMac's MBS bonds?
9.27%
If IndyMac's downgraded MBS bond ratings had been in effect at March 31, 2008, what would the bank's capital ratio have been?
$160 million
What was the value of IndyMac's MBS bonds retained in its MBS portfolio that were downgraded in April 2008?
Moody's
What was one of the agencies that downgraded a significant number of IndyMac's MBS bonds in April 2008?
minimum 10% risk-based
What is a well capitalized ratio?
Charles Schumer (D-NY)
Who is the Senator that asked FDIC if it had considered ordering IndyMac to reduce its reliance on brokered deposits?
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
What does the abbreviation FDIC stand for?
a little over $7 billion
How much of IndyMac's total deposits of $18.9 billion on March 31, 2008 were considered brokered deposits?
June 30
Had the FDIC disallowed IndyMac from acquiring new brokered deposits on this date, the threat of brokered deposit losses would have been $500 million a month?
$500 million
How much was the threat of brokered deposit losses per month to IndyMac?
$1.55 billion
How much in deposits did account holders withdraw from IndyMac in late June 2008?
7.5%
What percent of IndyMac's deposits were withdrawn by account holders in late June 2008?
$10.7 billion
What was the value of loans IndyMac was forced to hold when the secondary mortgage market collapsed in late 2007?
Charles Schumer
Who is the Senator that released a letter to the FDIC and OTS that prompted a "run" on IndyMac?
unsafe and unsound manner in which the thrift was operated
What was the underlying cause of the failure on IndyMac?
IndyMac Federal Bank, FSB
What was the name of the bridge bank established to assume control of IndyMac Bank's assets, liabilities and deposit accounts?
US$100,000
What is the maximum amount of funds the FDIC guarantees in insured accounts?
roughly 10,000 depositors
How many IndyMac account holders held funds in excess of the FDIC's insured amount of US$100,000?
July 11, 2008
On what date did the FDIC put IndyMac Bank into conservatorship?
July 14, 2008
On what date did the FDIC plan to open IndyMac Federal Bank, FSB?
Over 100
How many mortgage lenders went bankrupt during 2007 and 2008?
Bear Stearns
Who is the investment bank that was feared to collapse in March 2008 and was sold in a fire-sale to JP Morgan Chase?
September and October 2008
When did the financial institution crisis hit its peak?
Oct. 6, 2008
When did Lehman's former CEO appear before Representative Henry A. Waxman?
Lehman Brothers
What firm filed the largest bankruptcy in U.S. history?
money market funds
The equivalent of a bank run on which funds occurred in September 2008?
commercial paper issued by corporations
What do money market funds frequently invest in?
September 2008
When did the financial crisis hit its most critical stage?