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lobar or total lung lavage by flexibile fiberoptic bronchoscopy (fob) is an alternative to whole lung lavage (wll) in the treatment of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (pap). bronchopulmonary lavage was introduced by j. ramirez and used not only in alveolar proteinosis but also in status asthmaticus and in desquamative i... | lobar fiberoptic lung lavage is a well - known procedure used in primary pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (pap) ; the use of this procedure has increased in the recent years. this procedure has also been used in other pulmonary diseases such as desquamative interstitial pneumonia with good results. we describe a case of ... |
psoriatic arthritis (psa) is a chronic inflammatory musculoskeletal disease that occurs in the context of psoriasis vulgaris (psv) affecting up to 30% of psoriasis patients (gladman., 2005). apart from the skin manifestation of psv, the clinical phenotype of psa overlaps with ankylosing spondylitis and rheumatoid arthr... | psoriatic arthritis (psa) is a chronic inflammatory musculoskeletal disease affecting up to 30% of psoriasis vulgaris (psv) cases and approximately 0.25% to 1% of the general population. to identify common susceptibility loci, we performed a meta - analysis of three imputed genome - wide association studies (gwas) on p... |
dislocations of the distal interphalangeal (dip) joint are usually associated with fractures of its base. dorsal irreducible dislocation of this joint is an especially rare injury, with less than twenty cases reported in english literature since 1940. the injury is the distal counterpart of the complex metacarpophalang... | distal interphalangeal joint dislocations are only rarely complex and irreducible. we present a case and illustrate our approach to management of this problem. open reduction is necessary, and preferred approach is volar. it is imperative to identify the injured soft tissue and repair them as is feasible. |
avaliar a qualidade dos diagnsticos e o perfil epidemiolgico de portadores de tuberculose pleural no estado de roraima, visando embasar tecnicamente o fomento e a aplicao de polticas pblicas para o enfrentamento dessa doena. estudo transversal, desenhado para determinar a prevalncia de formas pleurais da tuberculose em... | objective : to evaluate the quality of diagnosis and the epidemiological profile of patients with pleural tuberculosis in the state of roraima, brazil, in order to provide technical support for the development and implementation of public policies to combat the disease. methods : this was a cross - sectional study desi... |
the diagnostic significance of esophageal 18f - fdg uptake in oncologic patient is challenging. it may represent normal physiological uptake, inflammation, infection, or neoplasia. we present a patient with a recent diagnosis of non - small cell lung cancer stage iv and esophageal mild uptake on 18f - fdg pet / ct scan... | |
platelet aggregation at the sites of atherosclerotic plaque rupture initiates the cascade leading to atherothrombosis resulting in myocardial infarction, stroke etc., thus, anti - platelet therapy remains cornerstone of antithrombotic therapy in patients suffering from acute coronary syndrome (acs). different pharmacot... | platelet aggregation plays an important role in the pathophysiology of acute coronary syndrome (acs). aspirin is the most widely used antiplatelet agent and acts by inhibiting thromboxane a2-induced platelet activation. but it does not prevent platelets activation and aggregation by other signaling pathways like adenos... |
demonstration of coronary artery pathology in autopsies is vital for the elucidation of sudden death cases related to these lesions and for the development of new treatment approaches. congenital coronary artery anomalies are frequently observed in athletes, representing the second most common cause for athletic field ... | coronary artery anomalous course is rare, reported incidence is approximately 0.31.3% of patients undergoing coronary angiography and approximately 1% of routine autopsy examinations. a single coronary artery is an unusual congenital anomaly where only one coronary artery arises from the aortic trunk from a single coro... |
lumbar disc degeneration (lddg) is a degenerative change in the lumbar disc that occurs with aging, affecting from 30% in people younger than 30 years to 50% in those 30 years and older. lddg also occurs in competitive athletes and is one of the causes of lumbar disc diseases, including lower back pain and discopathy. ... | objective : lumbar disc degeneration (lddg), recently reported to have strong genetic determinants, is a major cause of discopathy and lower back pain. however, most studies have only evaluated the effects of a single susceptibility polymorphism. our purpose was to examine the effect of two susceptibility polymorphism ... |
tinea capitis is a fungal infection of hair and scalp that typically occurs in childhood and equally in both sexes that has recently increased in incidence in adults and the elderly. t. tonsurans infections may not be symptomatic and mostly infects children ; however, it can also cause disease in adults who are close c... | tinea capitis is unusual and often misdiagnosed in healthy adults. we report a case of a healthy woman with a several - year history of asymptomatic, bizarre - shaped, non - scarring alopecia. she had used over - the - counter ketoconazole shampoo regularly for a long time. an initial potassium hydroxide preparation sh... |
kefir is a probiotic containing lactic acid bacteria, acetic acid bacteria, and yeast (guzel - seydim., 2011). during the fermentation process, organic acids such as lactic and acetic acid and alcohol are produced and play a physiological role (gaware., 2011). many studies have investigated the beneficial effects of ke... | kefir is a unique fermented dairy product produced by a mixture of lactic acid bacteria, acetic acid bacteria, and yeast. here, we compared the antimicrobial spectra of four types of kefirs (a, l, m, and s) fermented for 24, 36, 48, or 72 h against eight food - borne pathogens. bacillus cereus, staphylococcus aureus, l... |
all the reagents used are of laboratory reagent grade and solvents were of analytical grade. ibuprofen and naproxen were provided by macleods pharmaceutical pvt. ltd. as gift samples. high performance liquid chromatography (hplc) method has been developed for the determination of purity and stability study of synthesiz... | nsaids are among the most widely used prescription drugs, for the treatment of pain and inflammation, particularly arthritis. inhibitor of cox and nsaids relieve the signs and symptoms of inflammation by decreasing pg production but may cause gi and renal damage. synthesis, stability studies and y - imaging studies are... |
analysis for extraneous matter (or solid impurities) is important both in selecting of raw material for food manufacturing and in monitoring the quality of processed foods. the presence of extraneous material in food products is unpleasant and can cause a serious health hazard to the consumer. the main reason for carry... | the european legislation set the new hygiene standards in food chain with the purpose to ensure high levels of public health protection in relation to food production. in order to guarantee excellent hygiene standards in food chain, particular attention must be paid to the presence of foreign matter, like light solid i... |
because of the significant reduction that has been documented in the progression of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events through the treatment of dyslipidemia by statins, the non - invasive documentation of atherosclerotic lesions has become an increasingly important target for early treatment and preventive measu... | background : we aimed to analyze the association between lipid variables and the extent and severity of coronary artery disease (cad) in non - diabetic turkish cypriots.methods:overall, 412 patients (mean (sd) age : 58.8 (10.5) yr, 50.1% male) who underwent diagnostic coronary angiography were included in this single -... |
molecular pathways and gene expression patterns underlying regeneration and tumorigenesis are akin.fluctuations in p53 levels in the regeneration process were observed during salamander limb regeneration, as well as during liver and nerve regeneration in mice.following liver regeneration, tp53-deficient mice acquire mo... | regeneration and tumorigenesis share common molecular pathways, nevertheless the outcome of regeneration is life, whereas tumorigenesis leads to death. although the process of regeneration is strictly controlled, malignant transformation is unrestrained. in this review, we discuss the involvement of tp53, the major tum... |
the swedish national food administration has translated their nutrition recommendations to foods in the resource swedish nutrition recommendations objectified (sno) and formulated food lists contributing to 9.1 mj and 11.5 mj for females and males with low physical activity level, which provide the recommended levels o... | backgrounddietary polyamines have been shown to give a significant contribution to the body pool of polyamines. knowing the levels of polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, and spermine) in different foods and the contribution of daily food choice to polyamine intake is of interest, due to the association of these bioacti... |
atrial fibrillation (af) represents the arrhythmia with the highest prevalence, accounting for one - third of hospitalisations related to cardiac rhythm disturbances. the main risk factors to develop af include age, cardiac surgery, valvular heart disease, congestive heart disease, ischaemic cardiomyopathy, obesity, hy... | atrial fibrillation (af) is the most common age - related cardiac arrhythmia accounting for one - third of hospitalisations. treatment of af is difficult, which is rooted in the progressive nature of electrical and structural remodelling, called electropathology, which makes the atria more vulnerable for af. importantl... |
neurological disorders account for more than 20% of the world s disease burden with a greater majority of people living in africa affected. the factors that are producing this increased burden include malnutrition, adverse perinatal conditions, malaria, acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids ; human immunodeficiency... | background : there is no available data from sudan reflecting the magnitude of the neurological disorders and disabilities in the pediatric age - group. this study aims to evaluate the pattern of neurological disorders among sudanese children.patients and methods : this is a retrospective survey of children with epilep... |
although they were previously either unknown or underappreciated, peroxiredoxins (prxs) have risen through the ranks in the past decade and a half to become recognized as arguably the most important peroxide scavengers, alongside glutathione peroxidases, in many biological systems and conditions (adimora., 2010 ; parso... | peroxiredoxins are cysteine - dependent peroxide reductases that group into 6 different, structurally discernable classes. in 2011, our research team reported the application of a bioinformatic approach called active site profiling to extract active site - proximal sequence segments from the 29 distinct, structurally -... |
she was a known case of myopic choroidal neovascular membrane (cnvm), which was treated with a photodynamic therapy and avastin anti - vascular endothelial growth factor intravitreal injection in both eyes 2 years ago. her best corrected visual acuity was 20/100, n6 in both the eyes (refractive error : 15.00 ds and 13.... | microperimetry-1 (mp-1) evaluation and mp-1 biofeedback training were done in a case of bilateral myopic macular degeneration with a central scotoma. fixation behavior, location and stability of preferred retinal locus, eye movement speed, and mean sensitivity were assessed. the mean retinal sensitivities before, after... |
the global cancer incidence has been steadily increasing, along with its correlated morbidity and mortality. therefore, there has been rising interest in cancer prevention in order to decrease or delay the initial carcinogenesis and development of premalignant cells.1 one focus is on chemoprevention, which involves the... | several hallmarks of cancer cells are their display of metabolic changes and enhanced proliferation. highly proliferating cells utilize glutamine as a source of nitrogen, and therefore, one of the commonly seen metabolic changes is increased glutaminolysis, or glutamine catabolism. in addition, glutamine is an importan... |
punica granatum l. fruit or fruit juice has for the past decade been advocated as an interesting functional food that can confer health benefits beyond basic nutrition [1, 2 ]. p. granatum l. belongs to the family of punicaceae and is indigenous to the himalayas in northern india and to iran but has grown and been natu... | punica granatum l. has a long standing culinary and medicinal traditional use in mauritius. this prompted a comparative study to determine the bioefficacy of the flower, peel, leaf, stem, and seed extracts of the mauritian p. granatum. the flower and peel extracts resulting from organic solvent extraction exhibited str... |
hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is an emerging problem in developed countries, but hev is a rare cause of acute viral hepatitis in south korea. several cases of acute hepatitis e infection have been reported in korea [2 - 8 ]. most patients of acute hepatitis e infection are self - limiting and require no treatment. ... | autochthonous hepatitis e virus (hev) is an emerging pathogen in developed countries, and several cases of acute hev infection have been reported in south korea. however, there have been no reports on hev - associated guillain - barr syndrome (gbs) in korea. we recently experienced the case of a 58-year - old korean ma... |
lymphangiomas have marked predilection for the head and neck region [50 - 70% ]. about half of the lesions are noted at birth and around 90% develop by 2 years of age. small lymphangiomas, less than 1 cm, occur on the alveolar ridge, with 2:1 male to female distribution. the prognosis is good for most patients, althoug... | lymphangioma is a benign hamartomatous hyperplasia of lymphatic vessels. majority of them are superficial, but a few may extend deeply into the connective tissue. intraoral lymphangiomas occur more frequently on the dorsum of tongue, followed by palate, buccal mucosa, gingiva, and lips. surgical excision is the treatme... |
heart failure (hf) is a major cause of death among the elderly in many countries and has become a significant public health problem.1, 2 the chads2 and cha2ds2vasc scores are risk assessment tools to predict stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation (af)3 and can be used to guide anticoagulation therapy,4, 5 in compl... | abstractaimsatrial fibrillation (af) is common in patients with heart failure (hf). cha2ds2vasc score was originally employed as a risk assessment tool for stroke in patients with af ; however, it has recently been used to predict not only stroke but also various cardiovascular diseases beyond the original af field. we... |
lambert - eaton myasthenic syndrome (lems) is known to be closely associated with small cell lung cancer (sclc) in 5060% of patients, and 23% of sclc patients also have lems. it was reported that the symptoms of lems, such as muscle weakness, could be improved by chemotherapy for sclc [3, 4 ]. the agent 3,4-diaminopyri... | we present the first case of small cell lung cancer with lambert - eaton myasthenic syndrome during hemodialysis (hd). a 72-year - old male patient receiving hd experienced progressive muscle weakness. he was diagnosed with small cell lung cancer with lambert - eaton myasthenic syndrome due to an increased serum level ... |
epidural steroid injections have been used to treat spinal pain worldwide for several decades.13 however, the us food and drug administration (fda) issued a letter in 2014 warning that epidural corticosteroid injections used to control spinal pain may result in serious complications.4 the fda also stated that the effec... | purposesince receiving a warning from the us food and drug administration (fda) about injection of corticosteroids into the epidural space having serious adverse events, we have sought alternative medications for injection at this site. hyaluronic acid (ha) has anti - adhesive, anti - inflammatory, and lubricating prop... |
world marine ecosystem has been studied extensively since the second half of the last century. oil spillage and oil pollution in marine environment have been a major threat to the ecosystem including the ocean life as well as to the human being through the transfer of toxic organic materials including polycyclic aromat... | the bioavailability of organic contaminants to the degrading bacteria is a major limitation to efficient bioremediation of sites contaminated with hydrophobic pollutants. such limitation of bioavailability can be overcome by steady - state biofilm - based reactor. the aim of this study was to examine the effect of such... |
aphasia, an acquired language disorder caused by brain damage, affects about one - third of the stroke population [1, 2 ]. aphasia ranges from mild, involving difficulties in finding words, to severe, involving severe impairment of all language modalities and leading to problems with expressions and comprehension of sp... | the psychosocial adjustment process after stroke is complicated and protracted. the language is the most important tool for making sense of experiences and for human interplay, making persons with aphasia especially prone to psychosocial problems. persons with aphasia are systematically excluded from research projects ... |
we found an epidemic of juvenile hypothyroidism among a population of self - defined " downwinders " living near the hanford nuclear facility located in southeast washington state. the episode followed massive releases of 131i. self - reported data on 60 cases of juvenile hypothyroidism (< 20 years of age) among a grou... | |
developmental disturbances of the tooth enamel are common in both sets of dentition and broadly divided as hypomineralization and hypoplasia. the term molar incisor hypomineralization (mih) has been described as a clinical entity of systemic origin affecting the enamel of one or all first permanent molars and also the ... | background : the term molar incisor hypomineralization (mih) has been described as a clinical entity of systemic origin affecting the enamel of one or all first permanent molars and also the incisors ; less frequently the second primary molars have also been reported to develop hypomineralization of the enamel, along w... |
peritoneal dialysis is a form of kidney dialysis that is used worldwide to treat patients with end stage renal disease (esrd). peritoneal dialysis prevalence varies regionally and, in developed areas, the proportion of dialysis patients on peritoneal dialysis generally ranges between 17 and 36%, although it is as high ... | peritoneal dialysis is a form of kidney dialysis that is used to remove accumulated metabolic waste products and water in patients with end stage kidney disease. long - term exposure to high concentrations of glucose and its by - products, both found in peritoneal dialysis fluid, has been implicated in contributing to ... |
this term comprises nodular opacities ranging from 1 to 30 mm with a broad distribution of morphology, allocation, number, and clustering patterns. the long list of nodular lesion differential diagnosis ranges from benign granulomas to sessile or metastatic lung cancer. not only the detection of small lesions within a ... | aim : the most ubiquitous chest diagnostic method is the chest radiograph. a common radiographic finding, quite often incidental, is the nodular pulmonary lesion. the detection of small lesions out of complex parenchymal structure is a daily clinical challenge. in this study, we investigate the efficacy of the computer... |
the darwin prospective melioidosis study has documented 318 culture - confirmed cases of melioidosis that occurred in the top end of the northern territory in the 12 years from october 1989 until october 2001. patient data are stored in oracle software, version 8.0.4 (oracle, north sydney, australia). patient variables... | in a 12-year prospective study of 318 culture - confirmed cases of melioidosis from the top end of the northern territory of australia, rainfall data for individual patient locations were correlated with patient risk factors, clinical parameters, and outcomes. median rainfall in the 14 days before admission was highest... |
botryococcus braunii ktzing (trebouxiophyceae, chlorophyta), a green colonial microalga, is a cosmopolitan species that occurs worldwide in both freshwater and brackish water environments and robustly produces hydrocarbons (banerjee. 2002). the hydrocarbon content of b. braunii colonies is much higher than that of any ... | botryococcus braunii ktzing, a green colonial microalga, occurs worldwide in both freshwater and brackish water environments. despite considerable attention to b. braunii as a potential source of renewable fuel, many ecophysiological properties of this alga remain unknown. here, we examined the desiccation and temperat... |
photodynamic therapy (pdt) has emerged as a promising modality for the treatment of malignant tumors and wet age - related macular degeneration [13 ]. it is a binary therapy that involves the combination of visible light and a photosensitizer. each component is harmless by itself, but in combination with molecular oxyg... | three novel zinc(ii) phthalocyanines substituted with one or two 3,4,5-tris(3,6,9-trioxadecoxy)benzoxy group(s) have been prepared and spectroscopically characterized. these compounds are highly soluble and remain nonaggregated in n, n - dimethylformamide. upon excitation, they exhibit a relatively weak fluorescence em... |
governments worldwide have implemented policies to promote bioenergy as a means both of reducing dependency on fossil energy and of reducing greenhouse gas (ghg) emissions. in our opinion, inaccurately assess the ghg emission consequences of different forms of bioenergy and are likely to have serious adverse environmen... | many international policies encourage a switch from fossil fuels to bioenergy based on the premise that its use would not result in carbon accumulation in the atmosphere. frequently cited bioenergy goals would at least double the present global human use of plant material, the production of which already requires the d... |
histoplasma capsulatum is a dimorphic fungus with a world - wide distribution. in the united states, it is most prevalent in the moist ohio and mississippi river valleys and is especially common in soils enriched with bird droppings or bat guano, bird roosts, and caves. histoplasma infects humans by a variety of mechan... | disseminated histoplasmosis affecting the adrenal gland(s) of immunocompetent adults is a very rare infection. here, we present a case of bilateral adrenal histoplasmosis in an immunocompetent, 62-year - old gentleman from texas along with a brief review of the published literature. given the risk of patient decompensa... |
diabetes mellitus (dm) is a metabolic disease in which individuals have elevated blood glucose levels. the world health organization (who) has reported that 347 million people worldwide suffer from diabetes, with about 3.4 million people dying in 2004 due to consequences of high fasting blood glucose. in 2030, diabetes... | diabetes is a major concern among medical practitioners, with the annual mortality rate increasing up to 26.9% in a person aged 65 years or older and 11.3% in the adult. there are many serious complications associated with diabetes, particularly cardiovascular complications due to microvascular diseases. a prerequisite... |
the level of intramyocellular lipids (imcl), which consists mainly of triglyceride, has been the focus of research in recent years as a physiological marker of skeletal muscle function. in sedentary individuals, in contrast, in lean healthy subjects, imcl levels correlate with maximal oxygen uptake. accordingly, imcl l... | abstractthe level of intramyocellular lipids (imcl) is a physiological marker of skeletal muscle function. 1hmagnetic resonance spectroscopy (mrs) is an established method to measure imcl contents in vivo. however, all of the mr systems do not always contain measurement instruments for 1hmrs, thus in a clinical setting... |
this study was performed in accordance with the declaration of helsinki and current swedish legislation. the sample collection was approved by the ethical board at the university of lund with reference number 513/2006 and by the regional ethical review board in stockholm with reference number 2014/1588 32/3. written in... | abstractaimperiodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease, characterized by irreversible destruction of toothsupporting tissue including alveolar bone. we recently reported mucin 4 (muc4) and matrix metalloproteinase 7 (mmp7) as highly associated with periodontitis in gingival tissue biopsies. the aim of this study wa... |
neurodegenerative disorders, such as alzheimer 's, huntington 's, and parkinson 's disease, are characterized by the progressive loss of the structure and function of neurons. specifically, parkinson 's disease is characterized by the death of dopaminergic (da) neurons (cell groups a8 and a9) in the midbrain, substanti... | the 2-adrenergic receptor (2ar) is a seven - transmembrane (7tm) g - protein coupled receptor that is expressed on cells of the pulmonary, cardiac, skeletal muscle, and immune systems. previous work has shown that stimulation of this receptor on immune cells has profound effects on the regulatory activity of both adapt... |
epidermis forms a barrier between the dry external environment and the interior of the body, preventing water and ions from exiting and toxins, antigens and bacteria from entering.1 residing in the extracellular lipid membranes of the stratum corneum (sc), this vital barrier requires an acidic environment in order to r... | the function of the epidermis is to form an effective barrier between the dry, external environment and the interior of the body. the barrier specifically resides in the extracellular lipid membranes of the stratum corneum (sc) and an acidic ph is necessary to maintain its competency against various insults. the purpos... |
severe hypertriglyceridemia (shtg) with acute pancreatitis (ap) is a medical emergency. the main pharmacotherapy for high levels of triglycerides (tg) consists of insulin, heparin, omega-3 fatty acids, fibrates, statins, or niacin (nicotinic acid) ; however, slow mode of action of these agents is a concern in potential... | hypertriglyceridemia can cause severe diseases such as acute pancreatitis (ap) and coronary artery disease. the routine management of hypertriglyceridemia is dietary restriction of fat and lipid - lowering medications to manage the secondary or precipitating causes of hypertriglyceridemia. however, in cases of ap with ... |
obstructive sleep apnea - hypopnea syndrome (osahs) is a relatively common condition that may impair physical and mental development in children. in addition to snoring, mouth breathing, night terrors, and apnea, children with osahs may experience a series of concurrent mental and psychological symptoms, including poor... | backgroundthe aim of this study was to investigate the degree of impact of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (osahs) severity on pediatric psychological and behavioral abnormalities.material/methodsfifty-one children aged 512 years with a confirmed diagnosis of osahs were divided into 3 groups according to the ... |
regional differences and inequalities in diseases are much more clear in cancer cases which can be seen as reflections of worldwide socioeconomic, politic, and environmental inequalities. according to globocan 2012 data, 8.2 million people die from cancer worldwide and more than half of them (64.9%) are in less develop... | purpose. to examine the relationship between esophageal and gastric cancers commonly seen in van lake region and the traditional eating habits of the geography. materials and methods. esophageal and gastric cancer cases, who underwent surgery between january 1, 2012, and december 31, 2013, were examined. pathology repo... |
because of their high affinity for solid particles, hydrophobic organic contaminants (hocs) preferentially deposit in soil or sediment in the environment, where they may cause direct ecological effects or become secondary contamination sources. as shown in recent studies, hocs in the soil or sediment are distributed in... | many cases of severe environmental contamination arise from historical episodes, where recalcitrant contaminants have resided in the environment for a prolonged time, leading to potentially decreased bioavailability. use of bioavailable concentrations over bulk chemical levels improves risk assessment and may play a cr... |
efnb2 was first identified as a target of nuclear factor of activated t - cells, cytoplasmic 1 (nfatc1), a master transcription factor that drives osteoclast differentiation, and its expression was shown to be induced during osteoclastogenesis. osteoblasts express multiple ephrin (eph) ligands and receptors, among whic... | bone remodeling is the fundamental means by which the quality as well as quantity of the skeleton is maintained throughout adult life. when bone remodeling goes awry, a metabolic bone disease such as osteoporosis ensues. among multiple phases of the complex remodeling process, we focus in this review on factors and mec... |
white cottony mycelia formed on the stems of the diseased plants, which became tough and formed abundant amounts of brown spherical sclerotia on the surface of the mycelial mat. initially, stem rot disease affected only a small number of garlic plants ; however, the disease gradually spread and caused large - scale dam... | stem rot disease was found in garlic (allium sativum l.) cultivated from 2008 to 2010 in the vegetable gardens of some farmers in geumsan - myon, jinju city, gyeongnam province in korea. the initial symptoms of the disease were typical water - soaked spots, which progressed to rotting, wilting, blighting, and eventuall... |
inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (imts) are rare neoplasms that occur preferentially in children and young adults.1 imts most commonly occur in the lungs, mesenteries, omentum, and retroperitoneum.1,2 imts involving the stomach are extremely rare. these distinctive tumors are composed of myofibroblastic cells accomp... | inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (imts) of the stomach are extremely rare in adults, and their oncologic prognosis is not well understood. we present a 28-year - old man with a proximal gastric imt. the patient visited the emergency department of yeouido st. mary 's hospital with syncope and hematemesis. hemoglobin ... |
despite various studies, osteoporosis is one of the most major health problems, especially among elderly women. there are two major categories in managing osteoporosis : bone resorption inhibition and bone formation stimulation. recently, more attention has been focused on teriparatide as a stimulator of bone formation... | objectivebisphosphonate, a typical bone resorption inhibitor, is an important first - line drug for treating osteoporosis. recent studies show a novel paradigm in stimulating bone formation. teriparatide, which is composed of recombinant human parathyroid hormone, stimulates osteoblasts and induces bone regeneration. b... |
july 2014, serum and exanthematous lesion samples were collected from 6 patients in the bordering municipalities of valparaso (patients 15) and solita (patient 6) in the department of caquet (figure 1 ; table) in the amazon region of colombia. archived serum samples collected in december 2012april 2013 from 11 patients... | during 2014, cutaneous lesions were reported in dairy cattle and farmworkers in the amazon region of western colombia. samples from 6 patients were analyzed by serologic and pcr testing, and results demonstrated the presence of vaccinia virus and pseudocowpox virus. these findings highlight the need for increased poxvi... |
an ever - expanding range of genetic markers has been found for disease, among other indicators of morbidity or poor health. there is hope that germ - line therapies will someday enable more effective therapies and even cures for certain genetic disorders, such as huntington 's disease. taken together, these genomic te... | a recent article by maxwell j. mehlman and tracy yeheng li, in the journal of law and the biosciences, sought to examine the ethical, legal, social, and policy issues associated with the use of genetic screening and germ - line therapies (genomic technologies) by the us military. in this commentary, we will elaborate s... |
in fact, it is usually localized anterior to the inferior pole of the scapula and the serratus anterior muscle over the ribs of the thoracic cage. very rarely, elastofibroma is found in other sites, such as the tip of the elbow, near the ischial tuberosities, the deltoid muscle, foot, inguinal region, orbits, stomach, ... | a series of 8 cases of elastofibroma is reported, and the clinical, pathological and imaging features and different therapeutic modalities are reviewed. on this basis, we suggest an algorithm for the diagnosis and treatment of elastofibroma. briefly, marginal excision is the treatment of choice in symptomatic patients,... |
a discrete nanocage of core shell design, in which carboxylic acid groups were tethered to the core and silanol to the shell interior, was found to react with co2(co)8 to form and stabilize a co(i)co species. the singular co stretching band of this new co species at 1958 cm1 and its magnetic susceptibility were consist... | |
propylene glycol (pg) is a colorless, odorless organic chemical approved by the us food and drug administration for use as a solvent in food, drugs, and cosmetics. it is included in numerous intravenous and oral medications, some of them being broadly used in critically ill patients, like lorazepam or diazepam, barbitu... | abstractpropylene glycol (pg) is used as a solvent in numerous medications, including trimethoprim / sulfamethoxazole (tmp / smx) and lorazepam, and is metabolized in the liver to lactic acid. cases of lactic acidosis related to pg toxicity have been described and always involved large doses of benzodiazepines and pg. ... |
acromegaly is a disorder resulting from uncontrolled hypersecretion of growth hormone (gh) and associated gh - mediated production of insulin - like growth factor 1 (igf-1) from the liver. most of these tumors are large and nearly always visible on magnetic resonance imaging (mri) of the sellar region. acromegaly secon... | more than 99% of patients with acromegaly harbor a growth hormone (gh) secreting pituitary adenoma. as the time from onset of signs / symptoms to diagnosis of acromegaly is long (symptom onset to diagnosis is often 410 years), pituitary adenomas that cause gh excess are often large and are nearly always visible on conv... |
as we gear up to a world free of measles, rubella and congenital rubella syndrome (world health organization 2012), evidence - based communication planning must be an integral component of all elimination plans. importantly, communication plans must be effectively resourced to impart the necessary impact on immunizatio... | background to achieve a measles free world, effective communication must be part of all elimination plans. the choice of communication approaches must be evidence based, locally appropriate, interactive and community owned. in this article, we document the innovative approach of using house visits supported by a web - ... |
a wound refers to a case where the continuity of a normal skin structure is destroyed by physical damage to the skin, and the process of recovering such discontinuity is referred to as wound healing1. wound healing consists of three phases inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling and wound healing progresses by cell... | [purpose ] this study aimed to examine the expression of transforming growth factor 1 (tgf-1) and type i collagen by applying high voltage pulsed current stimulation (hvpcs) with a visible contraction intensity to white rats with induced wounds. [subjects ] thirty - six white rats were used for this study. hvpcs with a... |
the exponential development of highly advanced scientific and medical research analytical technologies throughout the past 30 years has arrived to the point where most (if not all) key molecular determinants deemed to affect human conditions and diseases can be scrutinized with great detail. scientists and clinicians c... | the exponential development of highly advanced scientific and medical research technologies throughout the past 30 years has arrived to the point where the high number of characterized molecular agents related to pathogenesis can not be readily integrated or processed by conventional analytical approaches. indeed, the ... |
germline inactivating mutations of men1 gene are the main cause of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (men1), a syndrome characterized by tumors in the pituitary gland, the parathyroid glands, and the enteropancreatic neuroendocrine tissues. around 70% of familial men1 index cases have an identifiable germline mutatio... | multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (men1) is a syndrome characterized by tumors in multiple endocrine tissues such as the parathyroid glands, the pituitary gland, and the enteropancreatic neuroendocrine tissues. men1 is usually caused by mutations in the men1 gene that codes for the protein menin. menin interacts with... |
glioblastoma multiforme (gbm) is the most common malignant tumor of the subcortical white matter of the cerebral hemisphere in adults. the treatment of gbm involves surgical resection, which is the first therapeutic modality for gbm, followed by radiotherapy that may be accompanied by adjuvant chemotherapy 2. in genera... | the aim of this study was to evaluate the significance of performing patient specification quality assurance for patients diagnosed with glioblastoma multiforme treated with intensity modulated radiation therapy. the study evaluated ten intensity modulated radiation therapy treatment plans using 10 mv beams, a total do... |
conventional antiplatelet treatment (cat) with clopidogrel in addition to aspirin has been recommended for patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (pci) since 2002. however, patients have significantly varied responses to clopidogrel, and clopidogrel low response (clr) is an independent risk factor of ad... | background : clopidogrel low response (clr) is an independent risk factor of adverse outcomes in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (pci), and intensified antiplatelet treatments (iat) guided by platelet function assays might overcome laboratory clr. however, whether iat improves clinical outcomes i... |
the residual disability after stroke is substantial, with about 65% of patients at 6 months unable to effectively incorporate the paretic hand into daily activities [1, 2 ]. in turn, the degree of functional deficit contributes to a reduced quality of life after stroke [26 ]. studies on healthy volunteers have shown th... | aims. while studies on healthy subjects have shown a partial overlap between the motor execution and motor imagery neural circuits, few have investigated brain activity during motor imagery in stroke patients with hemiparesis. this work is aimed at examining similarities between motor imagery and execution in a group o... |
mcf7-tet - on - shctr9 cells were generated and characterized previously, and maintained in dmem supplemented with 10% fbs. doxycycline (dox) was purchased from clontech (mountain view, ca) and used at a final concentration of 500 ng / ml to induce ctr9-targeting shrna expression. dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso) and 17 -estr... | ctr9, the key scaffold subunit in human rna polymerase ii associated factor complex (pafc), has diverse functions in cells and has been implicated in human diseases. recently, our study found that loss of ctr9 led to apparent morphological change, decrease of proliferation, and reduced colony formation in er+ breast ca... |
high - frequency oscillation ventilators were initially designed for neonatal application. with the recognition of the role of ventilator - induced lung injury in the morbidity and mortality of patients with acute lung injury, there has also been increasing interest in the use of high - frequency oscillatory ventilatio... | in the present issue of critical care, van heerde and colleagues describe a new technical development (a flow - demand system during high - frequency oscillation) that may have an important impact on the future use of high - frequency ventilation in children and adults. flow compensation on patient demand seems to redu... |
agreement on what constitutes the elderly cancer patient is particularly vital since the community age structure is very dynamic (taueber 1993). functional deterioration is more frequently apparent beyond the age of 70 years (yancik 1998). no two elderly individuals are same : they differ in their physical fitness, co... | global growth of the elderly population is requiring healthcare providers to cater for an expanding elderly cancer subpopulation. the aggression with which cancer should be treated in this subpopulation is an ethical dilemma and is an ongoing debate, as surgeons have feared increases in postoperative morbidity and mort... |
glaucoma is an optic neuropathy characterized by the death of retinal ganglion cells (rgc) which results in a loss of vision. increased intraocular pressure (iop) ocular manometry is considered to be the gold standard for determining iop as this technique measures the actual iop. however, this is an invasive procedure ... | the objective of this study was to evaluate and validate the accuracy of the perkins handheld applanation tonometer for measuring intraocular pressure (iop) in horses and cattle. both eyes of 10 adult horses and cattle were evaluated in a postmortem study. the eyes from 10 clinically normal adult horses and cattle were... |
electronic noses are more and more often taken into consideration as a tool used for the quality and authenticity assessment of selected products due to their numerous advantages and the principle of operation. the electronic nose is an analytical instrument used for rapid detection and differentiation between types of... | spirit beverages are a diverse group of foodstuffs. they are very often counterfeited which cause the appearance of low quality products or wrongly labelled products on the market. it is important to find a proper quality control and botanical origin method enabling the same time preliminary check of the composition of... |
priapism (hulseyism) is a rare pathologic condition characterized by abnormally long - lasting, usually painful erections not accompanied by sexual stimulation and arousal. the word priapism is derived from the roman and greek god priapus, famous for his enormous, continuous erections. a special feature of priapism is ... | priapism is a persistent erection without sexual stimulation that can not be relieved by orgasm. its etiology includes the impaired mechanism of detumescence caused by the abundant release of neurotransmitters, venules obstruction, impairment of the intrinsic mechanism of detumescence, or prolonged relaxation of the in... |
cancers of unknown primary origin (cup) pose a significant challenge for clinicians in terms of identifying the primary cancer and designing an effective treatment strategy for the patients (1). cups exhibit an aggressive biological behavior and the prognosis of patients with cups is typically significantly poorer comp... | cancers of unknown primary (cup) constitute a significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for clinicians and a frequent cause of cancer - related mortality in western countries. immunohistochemistry assays are commonly used to identify the primary cancer, but fail in approximately one - third of cases. the identif... |
coronary heart disease (chd) is the major source of mortality in the western world. although it was believed that this is principally a problem of the developed world, new evidence, provided by the world health organization, shows that cardiovascular disease will become a major problem in developing countries as well, ... | olive oil polar lipid (oopl) extract has been reported to inhibit atherosclerosis development on rabbits. olive pomace polar lipid (ppl) extract inhibits paf activity in vitro and the most potent antagonist has been identified as a glycerylether - sn-2-acetyl glycolipid with common structural characteristics with the r... |
the introduction of next - generation sequencing technologies has had a tremendous impact on all areas of biology dealing with genomic information, from population genetics to comparative genomics, including the plant sciences. this impact is expected to grow exponentially as technical advances are continuously increas... | ultra - high - throughput sequencing (uhts) techniques are evolving rapidly and may soon become an affordable and routine tool for sequencing plant dna, even in smaller plant biology labs. here we review recent insights into intraspecific genome variation gained from uhts, which offers a glimpse of the rather unexpecte... |
the energy landscape theory of protein folding(1) asserts that proteins evolved to minimize frustration during the folding process.(2) this suggested that the energy landscape of proteins is globally funneled toward the native state, so that many routes are available for the folding polypeptide chain to reach the nativ... | atomistic molecular dynamics simulations of the tz1 beta - hairpin peptide have been carried out using an implicit model for the solvent. the trajectories have been analyzed using a markov state model defined on the projections along two significant observables and a kinetic network approach. the markov state model all... |
applications of nanotechnology in the screening, diagnosis, and treatment of disease are collectively referred to as nanomedicine an emerging field that has the potential to revolutionize individual and population - based health in the 21st century. while clinical medicine targets health at the individual level, the mi... | as the scope of nanotechnology applications in medicine evolves, it is important to simultaneously recognize and advance contributions germane to public health. a wide range of innovations in nanomedicine stand to impact nearly every medical specialty and unveil novel ways to improve the quality and extend the duration... |
nilgai antelope (boselaphus tragocamelus) are in the family bovidae and closely related to cattle bos spp. they were brought to the united states from india as zoo animals before the mid-1920s and released in south texas around1930 (leslie and sharma, 2009). by the early 1970s, they were distributed in nine texas (tx) ... | cattle fever ticks (cft), vectors of bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis, were eradicated from the united states by 1943, but are frequently reintroduced from neighboring border states of mexico via stray cattle and wildlife hosts including white - tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) (wtd) and nilgai antelope (boselaph... |
in view of limited armamentarium of antileishmanial drugs, it is imperative that effective monitoring of antileishmanial drug use be done to prevent the emergence of resistance. visceral leishmaniasis elimination programme was launched by three countries, india, nepal, and bangladesh, with an aim to reduce the incidenc... | in the absence of effective vector control measures and vaccines against leishmaniasis, effective chemotherapy remains the mainstay of treatment. as the armoury of antileishmanial drugs is limited, strategies should be made to target the emergence of drug resistance. the loss of efficacy of antimonials such as sodium s... |
ouabain, a steroid capable of inhibiting nak - atpase, is an adrenal and hypothalamus - derived hormone, present in mammalian plasma and tissue, which appears to be produced in response to volume expansion, angiotensin ii, and/or adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation [14 ]. it has also been suggested that endogenous ... | ouabain, a potent inhibitor of the na+, k+-atpase, was identified as an endogenous substance. recently, ouabain was shown to affect various immunological processes. we have previously demonstrated the ability of ouabain to modulate inflammation, but little is known about the mechanisms involved. thus, the aim of the pr... |
syphilis is a type of sexually transmitted disease where the patient is infected by the spirochetal bacterium treponema pallidum.1 in last several decades, the occurrence of syphilis has declined ; however, a trend of syphilis resurgence in the 21st century has been documented.2 the world health organization reported t... | a 15-year - old girl with neurosyphilis was misdiagnosed as having viral encephalitis with psychotic symptoms and parkinsonism. we found that she was experiencing visual hallucinations, persecutory delusions, flattening of affect, poorness of thought, tremors, four - limb rigidity, and restlessness, and she was unable ... |
nanoporous materials have attractive properties for a wide variety of applications in adsorption and separation. the presence of a high density of pores with well - defined dimensions gives these materials superior capacity, an increased surface area, and higher selectivity than mesoporous materials. the fabrication of... | a triazine based disc shaped molecule with two hydrolyzable units, imine and ester groups, was polymerized via acyclic diene metathesis in the columnar hexagonal (colhex) lc phase. fabrication of a cationic nanoporous polymer (pore diameter 1.3 nm) lined with ammonium groups at the pore surface was achieved by hydrolys... |
recently, seok.1 described a successful correction of post - traumatic anterior open bite via injection of botulinum toxin type a (btx - a) into the anterior belly of the digastric muscle (abdm) in a 20-year - old man with malocclusion and wound dehiscence in the left retromolar area. in the case of mandibular angle fr... | it has recently been reported that long - standing post - traumatic open bite can be successfully corrected with botulinum toxin type a (btx - a) injection into the anterior belly of the digastric muscle (abdm). the report documented an individual with bilaterally symmetrical and otherwise unremarkable anterior digastr... |
the calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor (ceot) is a rare benign tumor of the jaws first described by pindborg in 1955 and also referred as pindborg tumor. the clear cell variant of ceot was first reported by abrams and howell in 1967. topographically two entities have been distinguished : intraosseous (central) and... | the calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor (ceot) is a rare benign tumor of the jaws. pindborg 's tumor having clear cells is extremely rare. twelve central lesions have been reported of which only three cases have occurred in maxilla. clear cell variant is a distinct entity, has more aggressive biological behavior an... |
myositis ossificans (mo) is a rare and pathological heterotopic deposition of bone in striated muscle, tendon, ligament, fascia, and aponeurosis. generally, the two main forms are congenital (mo progressiva) and acquired, which is described as traumatic mo (also referred to as mo circumscripta) or non - traumatic mo. w... | the two main forms of myositis ossificans are congenital and acquired. either form is rare in the head and neck region. the acquired form is often due to trauma, with bullying as a fairly common cause. this report of myositis ossificans of the platysma in an 11-year - old female patient emphasizes the need for a high i... |
a case of malign hemorrhagic renal cyst in a 32 year old woman is reported. the patient was admitted to our hospital for further evaluation of right upper abdominal mass. the characteristic findings were thick and irregular wall and heterogeneous contents of the cystic mass. the presence of a malignant tumor in the cys... | introduction : a case of malign hemorrhagic renal cyst in a 32 year old woman is reported. the patient was admitted to our hospital for further evaluation of right upper abdominal mass. ct scan and ultrasonic sonography showed a right giant renal cystic mass. the characteristic findings were thick and irregular wall an... |
amphioxus is sometimes referred to as an acraniate, which is the counterpart of craniate and means headless animal. as discussed elsewhere, evidence of cephalization in protochordates can be seen both developmentally and anatomically. in particular, a comparison of developmental gene expression between amphioxus and ve... | amphioxus has neither elaborated brains nor definitive sensory organs, so that the two may have evolved in a mutually affecting manner and given rise to the forms seen in extant vertebrates. clarifying the developmental and functional aspects of the amphioxus sensory system is thus pivotal for inferring the early evolu... |
the line of i sources manufactured by eckert & ziegler bebig (berlin, germany) under the brand name isoseed, includes models i25.s06 with a gold radio - opaque marker, and i25.s17 with a molybdenum radio - opaque marker. a variant of the latter model, isoseed i25.s17plus, has been designed to essentially replace the mo... | purposeto determine the relative dose rate distribution around the new 125i brachytherapy source isoseed i25.s17plus and report results in a form suitable for clinical use. results for the new source are also compared to corresponding results for other commercially available 125i sources of similar design.material and ... |
recent studies on the molecular basis of various diseases have revealed that the deregulation of protein phosphorylation reactions by kinases is clearly associated with many disease states, especially cancer (noble 2004). thus modulating aberrant kinase activities in cancer cells may form an effective cancer therapy, ... | identification of novel molecular targets is critical in development of new and efficient cancer therapies. kinases are one of the most common drug targets with a potential for cancer therapy. cell cycle progression is regulated by a number of kinases, some of which are being developed to treat cancer. cdc7 is a serine... |
the use of silicone oil in conjunction with advanced vitreous surgical techniques can successfully treat complicated retinal detachment (rd),14 including proliferative vitreoretinopathy (pvr), giant retinal tears, and severe trauma cases.5,6 silicone oil is still the best - tolerated substance that is well accepted and... | purposeto evaluate the effect of lens status on intraocular pressure (iop) in siliconized eyes and also on the emulsification of silicone oil.patients and methodsa total of 31 eyes of 31 patients with retinal detachment were operated on with pars plana vitrectomy and silicone oil injection : 16 phakic (group a) and 15 ... |
during 20112013, in the city of acapulco in guerrero state, mexico (figure 1), an area of consistently high dengue transmission (http://www.epidemiologia.salud.gob.mx/dgae/panodengue/intd_dengue.html), we investigated the effect on vector infestations of permanently mounted, insecticide - treated screens fitted to door... | dengue prevention efforts rely on control of virus vectors. we investigated use of insecticide - treated screens permanently affixed to windows and doors in mexico and found that the screens significantly reduced infestations of aedes aegypti mosquitoes in treated houses. our findings demonstrate the value of this meth... |
oral cancer is one of the ten most common cancers in the world and is the most common cancer in the south east asia (india, bangladesh, pakistan and sri lanka) where it accounts for one- third of all body cancers. in the oral cavity, most common malignancy is squamous cell carcinoma (oscc) representing 90 - 95% of all ... | the prevalence of oral squamous cell carcinoma (oscc) has significantly increased over decades in several countries and human papilloma virus (hpv) has been indicated as one of the underlying causes. this suggests that hpv plays a role in the early stages of carcinogenesis but is not a requisite for the maintenance and... |
orthodontists treat various malocclusions of the jaws and aim at establishing an aesthetic, functional, and harmonious occlusion. the emphasis at present is on treating the face as a whole and not just the occlusion ; however, the importance of achieving an ideal occlusion that is in harmony with the face has not dimin... | aims and objective : the aim of this study was to assess crown angulations, crown inclinations, and tooth size discrepancy in a sample population from davangere, south india.materials and methods : one hundred adults (50 male and 50 female) of age 1830 years, with angle 's class i ideal occlusion and balanced profiles,... |
during the last decade, several segments of health fields have searched for biocompatible materials innocuous to the organism to repair or reconstruct bone defects. their goal is to replace live or dead tissue that has no function anymore by a functional one. a biomaterial must be compatible with the implantation site,... | innocuous biocompatible materials have been searched to repair or reconstruct bone defects. their goal is to restore the function of live or dead tissues. this study compared connective tissue and bone reaction when exposed to demineralized bovine bone matrix and a polyurethane resin derived from castor bean (ricinus c... |
iron is an essential element for biological processes since it participates in multiple enzymatic reactions as a part of iron sulfur clusters, heme prosthetic groups, and other iron - containing centers, which makes it indispensable for almost all living organisms. however, iron oxygen interaction, which is a source of... | molecular iron metabolism and its regulation are least well understood in the fetal and early postnatal periods of mammalian ontogenic development. the scope of this review is to summarize recent progress in uncovering the molecular mechanisms of fetal iron homeostasis, introduce the molecules involved in iron transfer... |
verrucous carcinoma (vc) was defined by ackerman in 1948 as a diagnostically problematic squamous cell neoplasia involving lip, oropharyngeal, and laryngeal mucosa. as a result ackerman 's tumor. vc is strongly associated with the chronic use of tobacco or with the practice of chewing betel nuts. according to recent st... | verrucous carcinoma (also known as ackerman tumor) is an uncommon exophytic low - grade well - differentiated variant of squamous cell carcinoma. this neoplasm typically involves the oral cavity, larynx, genitalia, skin, and esophagus. it is well known for its locally aggressiveness and for its clinically slow - growin... |
magnetic resonance imaging (mri) is an important application of compressive sensing (cs) [14 ]. cs in mri has the potential to significantly improve both the speed of acquisition and quality of mr images, but requires an iterative reconstruction that is more computationally intensive than traditional inverse fourier re... | compressive sensing (cs) has been shown to enable dramatic acceleration of mri acquisition in some applications. being an iterative reconstruction technique, cs mri reconstructions can be more time - consuming than traditional inverse fourier reconstruction. we have accelerated our cs mri reconstruction by factors of u... |
sepsis affects more than 750,000 patients each year in the united states ; it is the 10th leading cause of death and one of the leading causes for admission to the intensive care unit [1 - 4 ]. the estimated mortality from sepsis is 2030%, meaning that approximately 500,000 patients survive their septic episode annuall... | sepsis is one of the most common conditions encountered in the intensive care unit and is the 10th leading cause of death overall in the united states. both long - term survival and health - related quality of life are reduced in survivors of sepsis, yet there is little knowledge of the effect of sepsis - specific inte... |
this leads to a dramatic increase in the number of predicted protein sequences, which serve as a starting point for structural, functional and phylogenomic studies. in such studies, high - throughput comparative analyses are often required to transfer information between organisms, for which the concept of orthology is... | the identification of orthologous relationships forms the basis for most comparative genomics studies. here, we present the second version of the eggnog database, which contains orthologous groups (ogs) constructed through identification of reciprocal best blast matches and triangular linkage clustering. we applied thi... |
development of novel therapeutics is a ceaseless process as public heath becomes more and more valuable in the society. today, small molecules and monoclonal antibodies are main players in drug development, but rna therapeutics is foreseen to soon become a breakthrough technology. rna therapeutics is advantageous when ... | this review covers the basic aspects of small interfering rna delivery by lipid nano - particles (lnps) and elaborates on the current status of clinical trials for these systems. we briefly describe the roles of all lnp components and possible strategies for their improvement. we also focus on the current clinical tria... |
their initial efforts were to identify novel tyrosine phosphatase and kinase genes and categorize their functions using null mutants or overexpressors. the earliest reported dictyostelium tyrosine phosphatases were ptp1, ptp2, and ptp3 [1, 2 ]. a follow - up investigation on these phosphatases showed that ptp1 has a fu... | while studies on metazoan cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and cytokine signaling laid the foundation of the current paradigms of tyrosine kinase signaling, similar studies using lower eukaryotes have provided invaluable insight for the understanding of mammalian pathways, such as wnt and stat pathways. dictyo... |
2013) was used as the dna template for amplification of the cas9 coding sequence in a polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the t7 promoter sequence was added to the forward primer and reverse primer from the coding sequence of the cas9 gene. pcr product was amplified using the accuprime pcr system (life technologies) and p... | the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (crispr)/crispr - associated protein (cas) system is an adaptive immune system in bacteria and archaea that has recently been exploited for genome engineering. mutant mice can be generated in one step through direct delivery of the crispr / cas9 components in... |
keratoacanthoma (ka) is a relatively common benign, proliferative lesion, which involves cutaneous tissues and less frequently the mucosal surfaces. kas are frequently found on sun - exposed areas suggesting that actinic rays among other etiologic factors are largely responsible for the lesion. it is believed that cuta... | keratoacanthoma (ka) is a benign epithelial tumor which presents clinically as a proliferating dome - shaped keratin - filled crater. the lesion occurs predominantly upon sun - exposed areas of the body and is known to arise from hair follicle. actinic rays are a major contributing factor in the etiology. it simulates ... |
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