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coronary artery disease (cad) is a leading cause of death throughout the world (1). over the four decades, a significant decrease has been observed in age - related mortality caused by cardiovascular disease (2). people in developing countries suffer from cad at a relatively younger age and about half of mi occurs unde... | over the four decades, a significant decrease has been observed in age - related mortality caused by cardiovascular disease. people in developing countries suffer from cad at a relatively younger age and about half of mi occurs under the age of fifty years. abuse of anabolic steroids is one of the less common causes of... |
during the last decade, of the definition of the optimal treatment in high risk prostate cancer (pca) is among the topics that are of most interest to the urological community, but consensus in this field is still not reached. up until a decade ago, most t3 pca patients underwent radiotherapy (rt) or androgen deprivati... | introductionthe aim of this study is to present the oncologic outcomes and to determine prognostic parameters of overall (os), cancer specific survival (css), disease progression free survival (dpfs) and biochemical progression free survival (bpfs) after surgery for pt3a prostate cancer (pca).material and methodsbetwee... |
the prevalence of diabetes in united arab emirates is estimated to be 12.6%, affecting 768 thousand people. fear of hypoglycaemia and gain in body weight are barriers for initiation of insulin therapy. modern insulin analogues are a convenient new approach or tool to glycaemic control, associated with low number of hyp... | background : the a1chieve, a multicentric (28 countries), 24-week, non - interventional study evaluated the safety and effectiveness of insulin detemir, biphasic insulin aspart and insulin aspart in people with t2 dm (n = 66,726) in routine clinical care across four continents.materials and methods : data was collected... |
osteoporosis is a common metabolic bone disease characterized by low bone mass, microarchitectural weakening leading to bone fragility, and increased fracture risk. osteoporosis affects one in three women and one in five men over the age of 50 and may not be detected until symptoms or fractures occur. white women over ... | osteoporosis is a major health problem affecting one in three women over the age of 50 and may not be detected until fractures occur. since osteoporotic fractures are a health burden worldwide, identifying subjects with a high risk of osteoporosis and preventing osteoporosis - related mortality and morbidity are a very... |
antimitotic agents such as the taxanes are used widely to treat various cancers. to address limitations with these agents, a new generation of inhibitors that disrupt mitosis without affecting microtubule dynamics however, we still have limited understanding of the mechanisms that dictate cell fate in response to mitot... | summarytaxol and other antimitotic agents are frontline chemotherapy agents but the mechanisms responsible for patient benefit remain unclear. following a genome - wide sirna screen, we identified the oncogenic transcription factor myc as a taxol sensitizer. using time - lapse imaging to correlate mitotic behavior with... |
high blood pressure is a major cause of cardiovascular disease worldwide, and recent studies showed that there is a linear correlation between blood pressure and cardiovascular disease. in recent decades rapid social and economic changes have led to the increment in prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors such as blo... | introduction and objectives. nutritional knowledge of the patients is important in dietary adherence. this study aimed to determine the relationship between illness perceptions and nutritional knowledge with the amounts of sodium intake among rural hypertensive patients. methods. in a cross - sectional study, 671 hyper... |
, several natural and synthetic compounds are tested for various anti - cancer activities. medicinal chemistry deals with synthesis of new agents for treating cancer by higher selectivity and lower side effects (1). dacarbazine (dtic) and temozolomide (tmz ; figure 1) are two members of triazenes used in the clinical t... | compounds containing triazene ring structure are cytotoxic agents and clinically used as antitumor alkylating agents. in this study, a series of triazene derivatives holding alkyl and aryl moieties were synthesized and proved to be potent cytotoxic agents in - vitro particularly against eight cancer cell lines (pc3, ht... |
epithelial na channels (enac) are of importance in na - absorptive epithelium, such as in the airway, the alveolus, the kidney, and the distal colon, and control the overall rate of transapical na transport. enac proteins are mainly located in the apical membrane of polarized epithelial cells and have four homologous s... | regeneration of the epithelium of mammalian lungs is essential for restoring normal function following injury, and various cells and mechanisms contribute to this regeneration and repair. club cells, bronchioalveolar stem cells (bascs), and alveolar type ii epithelial cells (atii) are dominant stem / progenitor cells f... |
transrectal ultrasound (trus)-guided prostate biopsy is the most commonly used procedure for detecting prostate cancer. however, pain is the main morbidity and the main hindrance to the acceptance of trus - guided prostate biopsy by patients. several studies have shown that 19 to 30% of patients experience moderate to ... | purposethe aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of periprostatic lidocaine injection according to lidocaine dose during transrectal ultrasound - guided prostate biopsy.materials and methodsthe subjects of this study were 92 patients who had undergone transrectal ultrasound - guided 12-core biopsy of the prost... |
a critical structure in interaction of the human body with the environment represents the skin surface with the stratum corneum. without the horny layer a terrestrial life would be impossible. on the other hand the stratum corneum becomes impaired in any kind of superficial or deep injuries. to retain body homeostasis ... | skin exerts a number of essential protective functions ensuring homeostasis of the whole body. in the present review barrier function of skin and its expression of antimicrobial peptides are discussed. barrier function is provided by the dynamic stratum corneum structure composed of lipids and corneocytes. stratum corn... |
acute bronchiolitis is the most frequent reason for lower respiratory tract infection and hospitalization due to respiratory disease in infancy. about 50000 - 80000 hospitalizations of the infants under the age of one are attributed to this disease in the usa (1). the severe form of this disease is much more prevalent ... | background : complications of ventolin as the most common drug used for bronchiolitis are widely known. the present study was conducted to determine the efficacy of hypertonic saline 3%, compared with ventolin, for treatment of acute bronchiolitis in children. methods : this double - blinded clinical trial study was co... |
childhood cancer is a rare disease affecting 1 in 70,000 children aged 14 years and younger [1, 2 ]. lymphoid malignancy, including leukemia and lymphoma, is the most common childhood cancer, accounting for 40% of all pediatric malignancies. during the last 20 years, survival rates for pediatric acute lymphoblastic leu... | backgrounds. outcome of childhood malignancy has been improved mostly due to the advances in diagnostic techniques and treatment strategies. while methotrexate (mtx) related polymorphisms have been under investigation in childhood malignancies, many controversial results have been offered. objectives. to evaluate assoc... |
diagnosis is one of the principal tasks of primary care, yet incident - reporting systems typically receive very low rates of diagnostic errors (1). more targeted techniques, such as record screening or interviewing gps about their most memorable errors have been more successful at identifying diagnostic error but have... | abstract background : computerized diagnostic decision support systems (cddss) have the potential to support the cognitive task of diagnosis, which is one of the areas where general practitioners have greatest difficulty and which accounts for a significant proportion of adverse events recorded in the primary care sett... |
in may 2009, a 7-year - old female dog was admitted to a veterinary clinic in bijilo, the gambia, for elective ovariohysterectomy. the owner of the dog, a snake farm operator, reported late abortions during several pregnancies of the animal. the dog had been kept on the farm premises, where adult snakes (african rock p... | visceral pentastomiasis caused by armillifer armillatus larvae was diagnosed in 2 dogs in the gambia. parasites were subjected to pcr ; phylogenetic analysis confirmed relatedness with branchiurans / crustaceans. our investigation highlights transmission of infective a. armillatus ova to dogs and, by serologic evidence... |
the mechanisms involved in the generation of migraine attack are probably multifactorial and are not fully understood. the neurogenic inflammation is generated by the release of neuropeptides such as calcitonin gene - related peptide (cgrp) from trigeminal neurons terminals and leads to inflammation with the release of... | there is a growing body of evidence implicating inflammatory cytokines and brain - derived neurotropic factor (bdnf) in the generation of migraine pain. no previous study evaluated bndf levels during migraine attacks and there are conflicting results regarding tumor necrosis factor - alpha (tnf - alpha) serum levels. t... |
iran is geographically located in the thalassemia belt, extending from the mediterranean basin through the middle - east, indian subcontinent, and the southeast asia. according to the available record, number of thalassaemia cases in this region is well over 150 million cases. in iran 26,000 cases of major thalassaemia... | background : thalassaemia is one of the most common mendelian disorders in mediterranean area. iran has about 26,000 thalassaemic patients, so it is one of the most affected countries. the aim of this study was to evaluate the screening program and cost analysis of thalassaemia prevention program in west - azerbaijan p... |
as an occupation or past - time, fishing is widely practiced around the world. however, surprisingly, despite such extensive prevalence, injuries to the eyes from fish - hooks are rarely reported. a literature search provided less than a dozen cases of fish - hook injuries to the ocular structures. so far, there has be... | an 11-year - old boy was involved in an injury with a fish - hook to his eye. the hook had impaled itself to the cornea and deeper structures. there was associated corneal edema and hyphema, making visualization difficult. in this case, we performed the unusual cut - it - out technique to remove the hook from the eye. |
adaptive immunity is a highly differentiated biological system composed of b and t lymphocytes that play a critical role in the fight against infections and malignancies. appropriate function of the immune system critically depends on the fine - tuned control of signals from cell - surface receptors and their activatio... | recent evidence implicates the actin cytoskeleton in the control of receptor signaling. this may be of particular importance in the context of immune receptors, such as the b cell receptor, where dysregulated signaling can result in autoimmunity and malignancy. here, we discuss the role of the actin cytoskeleton in con... |
progeroid syndromes (pss) are a group of fatal, severe and rare genetic disorders characterized by various clinical features and phenotypes of physiological ageing prematurely. these syndromes include clinically and genetically heterogeneous diseases such as ataxia - telangiectasia, bloom syndrome, cockayne syndrome, f... | progeria is characterized by clinical features that mimic premature ageing. although the mutation responsible for this syndrome has been deciphered, the mechanism of its action remains elusive. progeria research has gained momentum particularly in the last two decades because of the possibility of revealing evidences a... |
benign prostatic hyperplasia (bph) is a pathological symptom frequently found in the elderly population. treatment options for men with symptomatic bph include active monitoring, phytochemical treatment, medical therapy with -blockers or 5--reductase inhibitors, and surgery (barry., 1997 ; watson., 2004). the use of co... | this study was to investigate the role of complementary and alternative medicine in the prevention and treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. for this purpose, a randomized, double - blind, placebo - controlled trial was performed over 12 months on 47 benign prostatic hyperplasia patients with average age of 53.3 y... |
their high oscillator strength and large exciton binding energies make single - walled carbon nanotubes (swcnts) highly promising materials for the investigation of strong light matter interactions in the near infrared and at room temperature. to explore their full potential, high - quality cavities possibly with nanos... | |
the estrogen deficiency or hypoestrogenism associated with menopause is one of many factors that influence the aging process in women. although urothelium sensitivity to estrogenic hormone action has long been known, the urinary bladder being a target organ for the actions of estrogens, the pathophysiologic changes of ... | aimsin this study we followed the effect of menopause and estrogenic replacement therapy on the proliferative and apoptotic activity of the bladder urothelial cells.methodsthe experimental model of menopause was reproduced using a standard protocol of bilateral ovariectomy in rats, estrogen replacement therapy being ac... |
tuberculosis is the major cause of skeletal infection in the developing countries. skeletal tuberculosis accounts for 10 35 % of extra pulmonary tuberculosis and only 2 % of all cases of tuberculosis. less than one percent of skeletal tuberculosis occurs in the shoulder. we reviewed all the previous reports of scapular... | introduction : isolated tuberculosis of the scapula is rare. the presentation mimics the tumors of scapula. hence it is important to know the clinical presentation and when to suspect tubercular osteomyelitis of scapula. few cases have been described before. we have analyzed all reports with isolated scapular tuberculo... |
chyle is composed of albumin, emulsified fat and fibrin. in tropical country like india, chyluria is a chronicsequelae of filariasis. up to 10% patient with filariasis may experience chyluria in tropical countries (1). chyluria has no sex predilection ; but young adult male from poor socio - economic background are mai... | background : chyluria i.e. passage of chyle in urine, giving it milky appearance, is common in many parts of india but rare in west. very few case of chyluria in pregnant female has been reported in literature. persistence of this condition may have deleterious effects on health of child and mother. in the present stud... |
gingival recession, due to trauma, inflammatory conditions or anatomic factors is defined as partial denudation of the root surface due to apical migration of the gingival margin. indications including esthetics, defect progression, hypersensitivity, or difficulties with oral hygiene support the use of periodontal plas... | gingival recession is a common manifestation in most populations. gingival recession is clinically manifested by an apical displacement of the gingival tissues, leading to root surface exposure. gingival recession may be a concern for patients for a number of reasons such as root hypersensitivity, erosion, root caries,... |
gorham 's syndrome (gs) is characterized by proliferation of vascular channels that results in destruction and resorption of osseous matrix. since its initial description by jackson as a case of massive osteolysis of the humerus in a 12-year - old boy in 1838 and then by gorham and stout in 1955,[24 ] the precise aetio... | gorham 's syndrome (gs) is a rare disorder characterized by proliferation of vascular channels resulting in destruction and resorption of osseous matrix leading to bone loss. bone loss leads to joint instability and problems during airway management and positioning for surgery. respiratory involvement further complicat... |
elevated serum alkaline phosphatase (alp) level is an essential marker for the diagnosis of vitamin d deficiency (1). some cases of vitamin d deficiency are diagnosed accidentally on the basis of elevated alp levels. therefore, cases without high alp may be excluded from a diagnosis of vitamin d deficiency. hypophospha... | elevated serum alkaline phosphatase (alp) is a screening marker for the diagnosis of vitamin d deficiency, which may fail to be diagnosed if serum alp is not elevated. here, we describe a case of vitamin d deficiency without elevation of serum alp. a 1-year - old japanese girl was referred to our hospital for the evalu... |
percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (ptbd) is an established nonsurgical procedure for the management of biliary obstruction, especially in patients in whom an endoscopic approach to the biliary system is impossible.1,2 compared with endoscopic biliary drainage, ptbd secures more stable drainage because it allow... | percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (ptbd) is an established procedure for biliary obstruction. however, duodenobiliary or jejunobiliary reflux of the intestinal contents through a ptbd catheter sometimes causes recurrent catheter obstruction or cholangitis. a 64-year - old female patient with a history of chole... |
isolated dislocations of the trapezio metacarpal joint without associated fracture has been reported very rarely in the literature. there are reports of associated injuries like fracture of the trapezium, dislocation of the metacarpophalangeal joint and fractures of the base of the thumb metacarpal. authors report a ca... | introduction : isolated dislocations of the trapezio metacarpal joint without associated fracture has been reported very rarely in the literature. there are reports of associated injuries like fracture of the trapezium, dislocation of the metacarpophalangeal joint and fractures of the base of the thumb metacarpal.case ... |
in recent years, successive changes in mental health care systems have made them evolve from classical institutionalized care based on hospitalization to community health care with psychosocial rehabilitation. these changes have re - established patients and their caregivers at the center of health care programs. careg... | patient - reported outcomes (pros) are increasingly important in health care and mental health research. furthermore, caregivers become partners in care for patients with mental disorders, and health workers are more attentive to the expectations and needs of caregivers. a number of outcomes for caregivers are measured... |
cyclin - dependent kinase inhibitor 1a (p21, cip1) mitochondria - associated membrane nuclear localization signal maintenance of genome stability requires mobilization of the dna damage response (ddr), both to repair the day - to - day chemical nicks and bruises and resolve acute damage following exposure to ionizing r... | sirt1 regulates p53 transcriptional activation in response to genotoxic insult by deacetylating key lysine residues. we recently identified the multifunctional protein pacs-2 as a sirt1 inhibitor. after dna damage, pacs-2 binds and inhibits sirt1 to increase p53-dependent transactivation of the cdk inhibitor p21 (cdkn1... |
the transcription factor p53 plays vital roles in the regulation of cellular processes and suppression of tumor development. mice lacking p53 develop normally but are prone to the development of a variety of tumors.tp53, the gene encoding the p53 protein, is mutated or deleted in nearly 50% of human cancers, rendering ... | design of small - molecule inhibitors (mdm2 inhibitors) to block the mdm2p53 protein protein interaction has been pursued as a new cancer therapeutic strategy. in recent years, potent, selective, and efficacious mdm2 inhibitors have been successfully obtained and seven such compounds have been advanced into early phase... |
lupoid cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) is a rare form of cl having a striking resemblance to other granulomatous cutaneous conditions of infectious or inflammatory origin. the authors present a patient with a facial lupoid cl and discuss the diagnostic tools of this parasitological infection, the main differential diagnos... | backgroundlupoid cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) is a rare form of cl having a striking resemblance to other granulomatous cutaneous conditions of infectious or inflammatory origin. the authors present a patient with a facial lupoid cl and discuss the diagnostic tools of this parasitological infection, the main differenti... |
thus, taxane formulations with surfactants such as polysorbate 80 and ethanol have been approved for the management of several cancers, including prostate adenocarcinoma (14). however, ethanol and polysorbate 80 have the tendency to cause infusion - related toxicities and hypersensitivity reactions (57). to avoid these... | docetaxel has been widely used in the treatment of several cancers, including adenocarcinoma of the prostate gland. as docetaxel is insoluble in water, it must be administered with polysorbate 80 and ethanol, which are known to cause hypersensitivity reactions. premedication with corticosteroids and antihistamines is a... |
oral mucocutaneous conditions are a group of disorders which are observed in the dental practice. oral mucosal manifestations may be the initial feature, or the only sign of such diseases. in other cases, lesions occur in both the skin and mucosae, with severe clinical manifestations involving the tissues. correct diag... | aim : to study the immunofluorescence pattern and to assess its reliability as a confirmatory diagnostic test in patients with pemphigus, pemphigoid, lichen planus, and lupus erythematosus and also to assess the disease activity by indirect immunofluorscence (iif) in patients with pemphigus only.materials and methods :... |
neurosteroids (ns), a term proposed by the physiologists baulieu and robel (1990), is widely used to refer to the steroids synthesized in the brain. through their interaction with neuronal membrane receptors and ion channels, they are capable to modify the brain excitability (lambert., 2003 ; depending on its chemical ... | neurosteroids, like allopregnanolone and pregnanolone, are endogenous regulators of neuronal excitability. inside the brain, they are highly selective and potent modulators of gabaa receptor activity. their anticonvulsant, anesthetics and anxiolytic properties are useful for the treatments of several neurological and p... |
in vertebrates, numerous processes occur in a rhythmic manner. during the course of evolution, animals have evolved biological rhythms that are associated with changes in the lighting and temperature of their environment. one of the most important biological rhythms is the circadian rhythm generated by endogenous oscil... | in vertebrates, numerous processes occur in a rhythmic manner. the hormonal signal reliably reflecting the environmental light conditions is melatonin. nocturnal melatonin secretion patterns could be disturbed in pathophysiological states, including inflammation, alzheimer 's disease, and depression. all of these state... |
staphylococcus aureus is one of the most significant bacterial pathogens and can cause diseases ranging from minor and surgical site infections to potentially life - threatening endocarditis [24 ] and bacteraemia [58 ]. it is a particular problem in hospitals as a consequence of the emergence and dissemination of multi... | the objective of this study was to investigate the in vivo activity of the lantibiotic lacticin 3147 against the luminescent staphylococcus aureus strain xen 29 using a murine model. female balb / c mice (7 weeks old, 17 g) were divided into groups (n = 5) and infected with the xen 29 strain via the intraperitoneal rou... |
during recent years, the trend toward laparoscopic approach for hernia repair in children has been increasingly justified. the ability to detect and repair the contralateral opening of internal rings simultaneously, along with safe high ligation of the hernia sac without injury of the vas deference or the spermatic ves... | introduction. several laparoscopic treatment techniques were designed for improving the outcome over the last decade. the various techniques differ in their approach to the inguinal internal ring, suturing and knotting techniques, number of ports used in the procedures, and mode of dissection of the hernia sac. patient... |
hospital - acquired pneumonia (hap) is the second most common nosocomial infection, occurring in 0.5%2% of general hospital admissions1,2 and in 15%20% of patients in intensive care units,3 likely because of the prevalent use of mechanical ventilation. hap is a life - threatening condition that is associated with incre... | aimsto evaluate clinical outcomes and allocation of hospital costs associated with empirical use of vancomycin or linezolid for hospital - acquired pneumonia (hap) in the people s republic of china.methodshospital episodes including hap treated by vancomycin or linezolid between 2008 and 2012 in a chinese tertiary care... |
allostery plays a fundamental role in most biological processes and has been suggested to be present in nearly all proteins. one of the best - studied allosteric phenomena is the activation of a receptor, which we will denote as r, by a ligand, denoted as l. the most common model for allostery in this system is the all... | allostery plays a fundamental role in most biological processes. however, little theory is available to describe it outside of two - state models. here we use a statistical mechanical approach to show that the allosteric coupling between two collective variables is not a single number, but instead a two - dimensional t... |
to integrate all available data regarding the fatty acid ethanolamide metabolism and distribution in the human body, we created a mechanistic ordinary differential equation - based model as shown in figure 2. to account for the known mutually exclusive binding of ethanolamides to faah and to enable the use of all clini... | the level of the endocannabinoid anandamide is controlled by fatty acid amide hydrolase (faah). in 2011, pf-04457845, an irreversible inhibitor of faah, was progressed to phase ii clinical trials for osteoarthritic pain. this article discusses a prospective, integrated systems pharmacology model evaluation of faah as a... |
the majority of mastocytosis appears in the childhood in which urticaria pigmentosa and mastocytoma are the most common types. some variant of diffuse cutaneous mastocytosis like pseudoxanthomatous mastocytosis or xanthelasmoid are extremely rare, especially in the adult. mastocytosis is a group of disease that charact... | xanthelasmoid or pseudoxanthomatous mastocytosis is an extremely rare variant of diffuse cutaneous mastocytosis. herein, we describe an adult male with cutaneous mastocytosis showing multiple widespread yellowish ovoid papules like eruptive xanthoma. a 60-year - old male visited our outpatient clinic with a 1-year hist... |
consolidation refers to the idea that, following the experience of an event, the memory for that event undergoes a process of stabilization that renders the memory more resistant to brain injury or interference from similar experiences. building on the work of marr [1, 2 ], squire. suggested that a memory representatio... | multiple trace theory (mtt) predicts that hippocampal memory traces expand and strengthen as a function of repeated memory retrievals. we tested this hypothesis utilizing fmri, comparing the effect of memory retrieval versus the mere passage of time on hippocampal activation. while undergoing fmri scanning, participant... |
pluripotent cells have the capacity of differentiating towards cell types from the three germinal layers of the body while holding a high replication potential. in this way, embryonic stem cells derived in the 1980s (mouse) and 1990s (human) revolutionized biomedical research, offering the possibility to produce de nov... | bioengineered by ectopic expression of stemness factors, induced pluripotent stem (ips) cells demonstrate embryonic stem cell - like properties and offer a unique platform for derivation of autologous pluripotent cells from somatic tissue sources. in the process of nuclear reprogramming, somatic tissues are converted t... |
epithelial cells in gastrointestinal (gi) tract are continuously exposed to a lot of stressful antigens because we eat different meals 3 times a day and swallow air pollutant into gi tract. moreover, they are harassed to several kinds of gas produced by commensal bacteria colonized in gi tract. to cope with this very s... | heat shock proteins (hsps) have core housekeeping functions in the cells where they are built - in components of folding, signal transduction pathways, and quality control functions for which they proofread the structure of proteins and repair misfolded conformers. helicobacter pylori (h. pylori) infection leads to sig... |
small cell carcinoma of the prostate (scpca), also termed neuroendocrine scpca, was first described by wenk. in 1977. its incidence has been estimated at slightly less than 2% of de novo prostate cancer. small cell carcinomas usually present together with adenocarcinomas. in some cases, neuroendocrine differentiation o... | primary small cell carcinoma of the prostate (scpca) is a rare pathologic entity with unique clinical features and a poor prognosis. we present a case of a patient diagnosed with pure scpca treated with a combined chemo - radiotherapeutic approach. pathological findings showed that the neoplastic cells exhibited positi... |
congenital heart anomalies (cha) are the most common congenital anomalies and emerge with a fairly constant incidence from 0.8 to 1% per 1000 live births (1,2). given that the cha are leading cause of death among congenital anomalies, their early detection would greatly enhance the therapeutic procedures, and therefore... | introduction : heart murmurs can be functional (innocent) and pathological (organic). although it is not considered a major sign of heart disease, it may be a sign of a serious heart defect. in most cases the noise is initiation for cardiac treatment. is it possible to differentiate on the basis of auscultation innocen... |
according to the world health organization, 2010 report, cardiovascular diseases are the first among the top 10 causes of death. an estimated 16.7 million people or 29.2% of total global deaths are due to the various forms of cardiovascular disease (cvd) [1, 2 ]. the direct relation between high blood cholesterol and c... | various concentrations (0%, 0.5%, 1% and 1.5%) of -cd were mixed with different fat contents (1%, 2.5% and 3%) of raw (unhomogenized) and homogenized milk at two mixing temperatures of 8 and 20c. the cholesterol residue, fat, protein, lactose, solid nonfat (snf), density, and ash content of milk were measured for each ... |
key clinical messagealthough rare, eagle syndrome should be always considered in the differential diagnosis in patients with chronic orofacial pain refractory to conventional treatments. treatment is surgery and exeresis of the styloid process via a transoral or cervical approach depending on clinical and radiological ... | |
replication in e. histolytica is inhibited by aphidicolin [2, 3 ], a specific inhibitor of mammalian, and dna polymerases. additionally, ehmcm2, ehmcm3 and ehmcm5 genes, whose products are part of the helicase complex, have been cloned and characterized [4, 5 ]. although nuclear and dna polymerase sequences are present... | we report the identification of a family of four active genes (ehodp1, ehodp2, ehodp3, and ehodp4) encoding putative dna polymerases in entamoeba histolytica, the protozoan parasite responsible of human amoebiasis. the four ehodp genes show similarity to dna polymerases encoded in fungi and plant mitochondrial plasmids... |
exfoliation syndrome (xfs) is an age - related generalized disease of the extracellular matrix, characterised by the production and progressive accumulation of fibrillar extracellular material in many ocular and extraocular tissues, and is often associated with glaucoma. xfs causing an increase in trabecular outflow re... | aim. the aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of exfoliation syndrome in the central anatolia region of turkey and to evaluate its relationship with cardiovascular and ocular diseases. methods. patients over the age of 45 years who presented to the clinic were included in the study. all cases underwent a ... |
cartap is a pesticide that was first introduced into the market in japan in 1967. its commercial names include padan, kritap, ag - tap, thiobel, and vegetox. its basic chemical structure is s, s-[2-(dimethylamino)-1, 3-propanediyl ] dicarbamothioate [figure 1 ]. it is used for the control of chewing and sucking pests a... | cartap hydrochloride, a nereistoxin analog, is a commonly used low toxicity insecticide. we describe a patient who presented to the emergency department with alleged history of ingestion of cartap hydrochloride as an act of deliberate self - harm. the patient was managed conservatively. to our knowledge this is the fir... |
briefly, ten american women participated in a randomised cross - over trial, consuming the following treatments : 100 g biofortified cassava ; 100 g biofortified cassava with 15 ml added oil ; and 100 g typical white cassava with 15 ml oil plus a retinyl palmitate (rp) tracer, with 2-week washouts between treatments. r... | vitamin a (va) deficiency causes disability and mortality. cassava can be crossbred to improve its -carotene (bc) content ; typical white cassava contains negligible amounts of bc. however, cassava contains cyanide and its continued consumption may lead to chronic disability. our objective was to estimate the risk bene... |
adipokines are produced mainly by adipose tissue, a dynamic endocrine organ involved in the regulation of various endocrine processes such as glucose and fatty - acid metabolism, energy expenditure, inflammatory response, cardiovascular function, and reproduction [1, 2 ]. in recent years, adipokines have been found to ... | adipokines are cytokines produced mainly by adipose tissue, besides many other tissues such as placenta, ovaries, peripheral - blood mononuclear cells, liver, muscle, kidney, heart, and bone marrow. adipokines play a significant role in the metabolic syndrome and in cardiovascular diseases, have implications in regulat... |
the author reports the following conflict of interest : investigator for, consultant for, and/or speaker on behalf of sanofi, merck, boehringer ingelheim, janssen, pfizer, bristol myers squibb. | advances in the therapy of atrial fibrillation (af) have not come easily or quickly, despite the recognized need for significantly better antiarrhythmic agents for af termination and prevention as well as for more user - friendly anticoagulants for the prevention of emboli in patients with af. rather, the road has been... |
the economic impact of rising medical malpractice premiums and the cost of associated litigation had reached a crisis level by 2002 in many regions of the united states, including texas.1 the financial and emotional impact of malpractice claims were driving physicians and surgeons away from high - risk specialties as w... | introductiontexas implemented comprehensive tort reform in 2003. we hypothesized that tort reform was followed by a significant increase of physicians practicing in texas.methodsto test this hypothesis, we compared the rate of physician growth prior to and following tort reform, and the number of licensed physicians an... |
the presence of endometrial glandular and stromal cells outside the uterine cavity is called endometriosis. endometriosis is one of the most common benign diseases affecting quality of life and fertility of women. endometriosis is diagnosed by visual inspection of the pelvis during laparoscopy and positive histology co... | backgroundto compare efficacy of simvastatin with gnrha (decapeptyl 3.75 mg) on endometriosis - related pains following surgery for endometriosis.material/methodssixty women with pelvic endometriosis, after laparoscopic diagnosis and conservative laparoscopic surgery, were treated with either simvastatin (n=30) for 16 ... |
their incidence is rising due to improvements in survival and diagnosis ; nevertheless, our patient is the fourth case reported up to date. therefore, treatment choice is made based on clinical experience and case reports ; notably, the largest case report series was prior to the approval for using tyrosine - kinase in... | backgroundcardiac metastases from papillary thyroid carcinoma are very uncommon. their incidence is rising due to improvements in survival and diagnosis ; nevertheless, our patient is the fourth case reported up to date. there are no clinical trials available in this scenario. therefore, treatment choice is made based ... |
globally, each year, there are in excess of an estimated 120 million cases of gastrointestinal disease and in excess of an estimated 50 million cases of more severe respiratory diseases associated with swimming and bathing in wastewater - polluted coastal waters. since the 1950s, epidemiologic studies have been designe... | new approaches should be considered as the us environmental protection agency (epa) moves rapidly to develop new beach monitoring guidelines by the end of 2012, as these guidelines serve as the basis by which states and territories with coasts along the oceans and great lakes can then develop and implement monitoring p... |
more robust estimates of daily climate characteristicsstatistical fitting approachbased on a perfect model approach more robust estimates of daily climate characteristics statistical fitting approach based on a perfect model approach climate indices are widely used across a number of disciplines. they have become an im... | climate indices help to describe the past, present, and the future climate. they are usually closer related to possible impacts and are therefore more illustrative to users than simple climate means. indices are often based on daily data series and thresholds. it is shown that the percentile - based thresholds are sens... |
prevention of dental caries is one of the main strategies in contemporary pediatric dental practice. the dental plaque is a structure of vital significance as a contributing factor to at least the initiation of the carious lesion. the major strains of streptococci present in plaque are : streptococcus mutans, streptoco... | introduction : prevention of dental caries is one of the main strategies in contemporary pediatric dental practice. mouth rinses are widely used as an adjunct to maintain oral hygiene. it is important for these products to be effective and safe for regular use in children.objective:the aim of the study was to investiga... |
we report two cases - one a fifteen year old child with swelling distal humerus and another a case of a thirteen year old child with pain and swelling proximal tibia. a fifteen year old child presented to department of orthopedics of our institute with complaint of difficulty in moving upper limb and swelling distal hu... | introduction : giant cell tumors of skeleton are very rare in pediatric and adolescent population. here we report two cases - one a fifteen year old child with swelling distal humerus and another a case of a thirteen year old child with pain and swelling proximal tibia.case report : a fifteen year old child presented t... |
communication in health can contribute to all aspects of disease prevention and health promotion. in order to become successful pharmacists this study was conducted at the university of lagos to assess communication skills of pharmacy students. questionnaires were used for data collection. the questionnaire had two sec... | background : communication skill is the bridge between the pharmacists and the patient. communication in health can contribute to all aspects of disease prevention and health promotion. in order to become successful pharmacists, one needs to possess excellent communication skills to serve clients.this study was conduct... |
paediatric patients often present to the emergency department with different painful conditions that require immediate surgical interventions. the choice of anaesthetic agent to provide deep sedation and analgesia in these patients varies highly. ketamine has already played a safe and effective role as a sole anaesthet... | background : paediatric patients often present with different painful conditions that require immediate surgical interventions. despite a plethora of articles on the ketamine propofol combination, comprehensive evidence regarding the suitable sedoanalgesia regime is lacking due to heterogeneity in study designs.methods... |
the neck pain and disability scale (npad) was developed in the usa as a comprehensive measure of neck pain and related disability. the 20-item scale measures problems with neck movements, neck pain intensity, effect of neck pain on emotion and cognition, and the level of interference with daily life activities. it has ... | the neck pain and disability scale (npad) is a 20-item instrument to measure neck pain and related disability. the aim of this study was to assess sensitivity to change of the npad. a total of 411 participants from 15 general practices in the middle of germany completed a multidimensional questionnaire including the ge... |
dna repair enzymes are essential for maintaining the integrity of the dna sequence. unfortunately, very little is known about how these enzymes recognize damaged regions along the helix. structural analysis of cellular repair enzymes bound to dna reveals that these enzymes are able to recognize dna in a variety of conf... | |
five areas which were found to have the most sex workers included : one in the north, one in the city center, one in the west, one in the east, and one in the south of city. in addition to the city hot spots, subjects were recruited from all districts and areas of tehran to ensure a representative sample. subjects incl... | background : the female at - risk population represents a subgroup that is both a crucial determining factor in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) transmission and a gap in the existing literature in iran. the objective of this study was to evaluate the level of sex workers knowledge towards to safe procedures ... |
in this study, 20 healthy volunteers with no history of seizures, significant head trauma or other neurologic abnormalities, formed the normal control group. fifteen were male and five were female, and their ages ranged from 24 to 38 (mean, 29) years. twenty - five patients with intractable temporal lobe epilepsy, whos... | objectivethe purpose of our study was to determine the ability of h-1 mr spectroscopy (mrs) to lateralize the lesion in patients with hippocampal sclerosis.materials and methodstwenty healthy volunteers and 25 patients with intractable temporal lobe epilepsy whose mr imaging diagnosis was unilateral hippocampal scleros... |
balance is the ability to maintain one s center of gravity with minimum shaking within the basal plane, while postural balance is the ability to continuously maintain equilibrium within the basal plane according to one s center of mass (com) and maintain postural control to cope with diverse motions and external swayin... | [purpose ] this study aimed to examine the effects of mental practice on the balance abilities of normal individuals. [subjects and methods ] thirty subjects were randomly assigned to an experimental or control group (n=15 each). participants in both groups performed balance training in a seated position on a gym ball ... |
a search for the biological factor responsible for energy balance and signal transduction to the hypothalamus was initiated by studies on animal models. in 1994, a molecular defect in the obese gene (ob), a gene responsible for the obesity phenotype in ob / ob mice was identified using a positive cloning method. ob gen... | leptin or obesity receptor (ob - r) is a member of class i cytokine receptor family. ob - r, expressed in six isoforms, is the product of alternative rna splicing of db gene. according to its structural differences, the receptor 's isoforms are divided into three classes : long, short, and secretory isoforms. a long, f... |
widely accepted standard therapy for high - risk nb includes 5 to 7 cycles of intensive cytotoxic chemotherapy, surgery, consolidative autologous stem cell transplantation (sct), radiation therapy, and maintenance immunotherapy with anti - gd2 antibodies. such therapy carries considerable toxicity while survival remain... | we designed multimodal tumor vaccine that consists of irradiated tumor cells infected with the oncolytic il-12-expressing hsv-1 virus, m002. this vaccine was tested against the syngeneic neuroblastoma mouse model neuro 2a injected into the right caudate nucleus of the immunocompetent a / j mice. mice were vaccinated vi... |
hughes - stovin syndrome is an exceedingly rare disorder characterized by the combination of multiple pulmonary artery aneurysms and deep venous thrombosis ; the cause is unknown. we present a case of a middle - aged man in whom multiple pulmonary aneurysms were demonstrated by ct angiography and dsa. a 40-year - old m... | multiple pulmonary artery aneurysms are seen along with venous thrombosis in hughes - stovin syndrome, which many investigators believe is an incomplete form of behcet 's disease. we present a case of hemoptysis with multiple pulmonary artery aneurysms, femoral vein thrombosis, and oral ulcers with emphasis on its ct f... |
the incidence of cervical cancer has shown a continuous decrease in developed countries, including korea, however the worldwide burden of cervical cancer remains critical [1 - 4 ]. most cervical cancer survivors face several challenging issues after completion of their primary treatment ; in particular, second primary ... | purposethis study was conducted to investigate the incidence and survival outcomes of second primary cancers after the diagnosis of cervical cancer.materials and methodsdata from the korea central cancer registry between 1993 and 2010 were reviewed and analyzed. standardized incidence ratios (sirs) of second primary ca... |
it is produced in the central auditory pathway.[15 ] this symptom is a common phenomenon disturbing millions of individuals worldwide. study of tinnitus has resulted in a number of hypothetical mechanisms and suspected origins in the auditory pathways. most hypotheses postulate that the generation of tinnitus is relate... | background and purpose : tinnitus is associated with an increased activity in central auditory system as demonstrated by neuroimaging studies. brain perfusion scanning using single photon emission computed tomography (spect) was done to understand the pattern of brain blood perfusion of tinnitus subjects and find the a... |
terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (t - rflp) analysis is a microbial fingerprinting technique capable of discriminating microbial communities quickly and relatively inexpensively (13). t - rflp is increasingly used in high - throughput studies of microbial communities in combination with or even in lieu... | terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (t - rflp) analysis is a widespread technique for rapidly fingerprinting microbial communities. users of t - rflp frequently overlook the resolving power of well - chosen restriction endonucleases and often fail to report how they chose their enzymes. repk (restriction ... |
recently it has been evaluated in metastatic melanoma patients with braf v600e mutation after progression of earlier systemic treatment (phase 2 trial brim2). vemurafenib was also tested in a phase 3 trial (brim3) in previously untreated patients. food and drug administration (fda) in august 2011 and the european medic... | the 2012 asco (american society of clinical oncology) annual meeting has been held once again at the mccormick conference center in chicago, illinois, where asco has booked a 10-year run for the meeting. the meeting was attended by more than 30,000 oncology professionals from around the world. of more than 4500 abstrac... |
wandering spleen (ws) is a rare condition in which the spleen is located anywhere in the abdomen other than in its usual place ; however, other terms are used to describe this clinical entity, including displaced spleen, drifting spleen, floating spleen, pelvic spleen, splenic ptosis, splenoptosis, although it remains ... | wandering spleen is a rare clinical condition which presents with a variety of symptoms with abdominal pain, abdominal mass, and acute abdomen. it may also remain silent until diagnosed by a routine imaging study. treatment options may differ depending on the presenting clinical picture. herein we present two cases of ... |
suppression of menstrual periods to provide relief of menstrual - related symptoms has been used in a variety of medical conditions since the availability of steroid hormone therapy. this option has gained legitimacy through its use in treating symptoms, but is now being used more frequently by women for personal prefe... | menstrual suppression to provide relief of menstrual - related symptoms or to manage medical conditions associated with menstrual morbidity or menstrual exacerbation has been used clinically since the development of steroid hormonal therapies. options range from the extended or continuous use of combined hormonal oral ... |
the piercing on the middle of the helix in both ears resulted in keloids formation. | key clinical messageear lobe keloids are common following ear piercing and these lesions are conspicuous and cosmetically unappealing. multiple methods including surgery, radiotherapy, anti mitotic agents, silicone sheet, pressure clips, and cryotherapy have been used. the challenge is to have a good cosmetic outcome w... |
alcohol consumption is a well - known part of the nigerian culture and frequently part of festivals and celebrations and, within the past decade, there are indications that there has been a rapid increase in alcohol production and importation as well as its consumption across all age groups. for the year after 1995, th... | objective. to determine the prevalence and correlates of alcohol use among a sample of nigerian semirural community dwellers in nigeria. methods. in a single arm nonrandomized intervention study, the assessment of baseline hazardous and harmful alcohol use and associated risk factors was conducted in two semirural loca... |
augmented contractility of postextrasystolic heartbeats has been described almost 130 years ago and later termed postextrasystolic potentiation (pesp). for almost 1 century, pesp was thought to reflect normal cardiac function. however, during the second half of the previous century, an increasing number of reports show... | backgroundpostextrasystolic blood pressure potentiation (pesp), the pulse wave augmentation after an extrasystolic beat, is typically enhanced in heart failure (hf) patients. this study prospectively tested the association of pesp and mortality in cardiac patients.methods and resultsconsecutive patients (n=941 ; mean a... |
(1907), is one of over 60 endogenous enzymes present in raw bovine milk (schlimme., 1997). since alp is inactivated by thermal treatment, reduced levels of alp activity are an indicator of adequate milk pasteurization (rankin., 2010). the alp assay is widely used and recognized as the most appropriate indirect method f... | the alkaline phosphatase (alp) assay is a rapid and convenient method for verifying milk pasteurization. since colorimetric alp assays rely on subjective visual assessments, their results are especially unreliable near the detection limits. in this study, we attempted to establish quantitative criteria for residual alp... |
the online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13555 - 016 - 0096 - 7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. skin has recently been shown to be a cortisol - producing organ and the cortisol controls the skin itself by regulating differentiation process from basal cells to corneal ce... | introductionthough topical steroid addiction (tsa) in patients with atopic dermatitis (ad) has been recently discussed as a clinical problem, there are very few studies about its mechanism. the purpose of this study was to elucidate histological and immunohistological characteristics of tsa using anti - cortisol antibo... |
resonance light scattering (rls) is an elastic scattering and occurs when an incident beam in energy is close to an absorption band. first established the rls technique to study the biological macromolecules by means of an ordinary fluorescence spectrometer. due to its high sensitivity, selectivity, and convenience, rl... | a resonance light scattering (rls) technique to determine chloride ions in drinks was developed. chloride ions were found to bind ag+ forming agcl aggregates that produced intense resonance scattering light. effects of factors such as acidity, ionic strength, and coexistent interferents on the rls of agcl aggregates we... |
in sweden, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus has recently been estimated to be 4.4% among the adult population, with type 2 diabetes accounting for approximately 90% of all cases. as diabetes is a major cause of morbidity and premature mortality, the disease has a significant impact on healthcare costs and quality of... | introductionalthough insulin is one of the most effective interventions for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, its disadvantages incur substantial medical cost. this study was designed to evaluate the medical costs of swedish type 2 diabetic patients initiating insulin on top of metformin and/or sulfonylurea (su), and t... |
voltage - gated sodium (nav) channels are the fundamental generators of electrical impulses (action potentials) in the membranes of excitable cells. these drugs are primarily used in the treatment of central nervous system (cns) disorders, such as epilepsy and neuropathic pain, but are increasingly being scrutinized as... | a series of imidazol-1-ylethylindazole sodium channel ligands were developed and optimized for sodium channel inhibition and in vitro neuroprotective activity. the molecules exhibited displacement of a radiolabeled sodium channel ligand and selectivity for blockade of the inactivated state of cloned neuronal nav channe... |
as stated by fdration dentaire internationale, forensic odontology is the branch of dentistry which, in the interest of justice, deals with proper handling and examination of dental evidence and with the proper evaluation and presentation of dental findings. forensic dentistry is important for human identification, esp... | background : when the body has been mutilated, it is common to have the extremities or head amputated from the trunk. in concern with forensic odontology, an estimate must have been made based on the correlation of osteometry along with odontometry in determining sex, race and stature.objective:the objective of this st... |
medullary thyroid carcinoma (mtc) is a neuroendocrine tumor derived from parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland. the first description of its major histological features and characterization as a separate entity was done in 1959 by hazard.. it was then rapidly recognized that this carcinoma had distinctive clinical ... | research on medullary thyroid carcinoma (mtc) over the last 55 years has led to a good understanding of the genetic defects and altered molecular pathways associated with its development. currently, with the use of genetic testing, patients at high risk for mtc can be identified before the disease develops and offered ... |
an association among obesity, high levels of fasting triglycerides, elevated fasting plasma insulin levels, impaired glucose tolerance, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease (cvd) has been recognized since the early 1960s. these major risk factors tend to cluster in many individuals, suggesting a common etiology tha... | aim. (i) to estimate the prevalence of the metabolic abnormalities among saudi college students in riyadh, saudi arabia, and (ii) to investigate the association between different indicators of body composition and these abnormalities. methods. a total of 501 college students participated in a cross - sectional study. a... |
patients suffering from chronic kidney disease can be classified according to kidney function along a continuum from mild renal dysfunction to irreversible kidney failure. patients with kidney failure require renal replacement therapy (rrt), either a kidney transplant or dialysis, to maintain life. worldwide, at the en... | the worldwide incidence of kidney failure is on the rise and treatment is costly ; thus, the global burden of illness is growing. kidney failure patients require either a kidney transplant or dialysis to maintain life. this review focuses on the economics of dialysis. alternative dialysis modalities are haemodialysis (... |
participants were selected from the cardiovascular health study (chs), a large, prospective, population - based study in the united states designed to investigate the underlying causes of cardiovascular disease in older men and women. the chs recruited participants from 4 communities : forsyth county, nc (36.1 north, 8... | objective : to determine whether low vitamin d concentrations are associated with an increased risk of incident all - cause dementia and alzheimer disease.methods:one thousand six hundred fifty - eight elderly ambulatory adults free from dementia, cardiovascular disease, and stroke who participated in the us population... |
halitosis is the general term used to describe any disagreeable odour in expired air, regardless of whether the odorous substances originate from oral or non - oral sources. other names used are fetor ex ore, fetor oris, bad or foul breath, breath malodour, and oral malodour. results from previous studies suggested tha... | objective : the present study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of oral hygiene practices, smoking habits and halitosis among undergraduate dental students and correlating the oral hygiene practices, oral health conditions to the prevalence of self perceived oral malodour.materials and methods : a self - admin... |
the 21st century will witness even more rapid ageing than did the century just past and governments, private sector as well as civil society should work together to give answers to the social and economic challenges we will all be facing. edad&vida (age and life) (http://www.edad-vida.org) is from 2001 the meeting poin... | introductiondemographic change and population ageing are global processes without precedent. the 21st century will witness even more rapid ageing than did the century just past and governments, private sector as well as civil society should work together to give answers to the social and economic challenges we will all... |
calcific uremic arteriolopathy (cua) or calciphylaxis is a syndrome of painful skin necrosis and vascular calcification with high morbidity and mortality. it occurs primarily in patients with end - stage renal disease [1, 2 ]. though generally a rare syndrome, it is increasingly described in subjects undergoing renal d... | background. calcific uremic arteriolopathy (cua) or calciphylaxis though generally noted for its high mortality, recent case reports have shown promising results using single agent therapies. however, it is not clear whether combination therapeutic agents will improve course of the disease. objective. to determine clin... |
iodine is an essential component of thyroid hormones and critical to normal brain development in newborn infants and children. iodine nutrition in the united states is considered to be sufficient for most populations despite significant reductions in urinary iodine values between the early 1970s and the early 1990s. th... | severe iodine deficiency results in impaired thyroid hormone synthesis and thyroid enlargement. in the united states, adequate iodine intake is a concern for women of childbearing age and pregnant women. beyond this high risk group iodine deficiency is not considered to be a significant problem. this case report descri... |
risk factors for development of gastrointestinal (gi) toxicity in patients receiving non - steroidal anti - inflammatory drugs (nsaids) for arthritis or other musculoskeletal diseases include1 - 5) prior history of complicated or uncomplicated ulcers ; increased age ; multiple nsaid use ; high nsaid dose ; concomitant ... | purposethe aim of this study was to describe the patterns of use of non - steroidal anti - inflammatory drugs (nsaids) for arthritic knees in clinical practice, particularly focusing on the co - prescription of gastroprotective agents for patients with risk factors for adverse gastrointestinal (gi) events.materials and... |
interleukin-29 (il-29) is the main cytokine among three members of interferon lambda family (ifn-s), also known as type iii ifns, including ifn-1, ifn-2, and ifn-3 (or il-29, il-28a, and il-28b, resp.). the activity of il-29 is determined in part by the distribution and expression of its specific il-28 receptor alpha c... | we have recently shown that il-29 was an important proinflammatory cytokine in pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (ra). inflammation also contributes to the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (oa). the aim of this study was to investigate the effect and mechanism of il-29 on cytokine production and cartilage degradation ... |
patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) experience significant overall symptom burden, comparable to that observed in patients diagnosed with cancer.1 this symptom burden can be associated with impairments in health - related quality of life (hrqol),24 impaired functioning,5,6 and higher direct7 and ... | objectivedyspnea is a defining symptom in the classification and treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). however, the degree of variation in burden among symptomatic copd patients and the possible correlates of burden remain unclear. this study was conducted to characterize patients in europe current... |
in stroke patients with upper extremity paralysis, the affected arm can remain nonfunctional even at 6 months after disease onset in 66% of the surviving stroke patients1, 2. inappropriate motor unit recruitment appearing after stroke onset reduces the motor neuron firing rate, and increased muscle tone may cause sever... | [purpose ] muscle tone is known to predict the motor function of the upper extremity within 12 months after onset in stroke survivors. the aim of this study was to investigate whether motor function of the upper extremity can predict the risk of hypertonia in chronic stroke survivors, and to analyze the correlation bet... |
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