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a lump in the salivary gland region often presents as a diagnostic challenge with regards to its site of origin, benign or malignant. most of these occur in the parotid glands ; small percentages occur in the submandibular, sublingual, and minor salivary glands. are a histologically diverse group. tumors of this region... | objective. histopathology of parotid gland tumors is extremely varied and complex due to heterogeneous cellular composition. preoperative diagnostic tools include fine needle aspiration cytology, the role of which remains controversial. the aim of this paper is to evaluate the usefulness and accuracy of fine needle asp... |
variceal bleeding is the most common lethal complication of cirrhosis, with a mortality rate of 20%. gastroesophageal varices (govs) are present in 50% of cirrhotics, and approximately 25% of patients with portal hypertension have gastric varices. gastric varices are commonly classified as govs (gastric varices in cont... | gastric variceal bleeding is a common problem in patients with cirrhosis and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. management is complex and includes pharmacotherapy, endoscopic therapy, and shunt placement. recent studies indicate that endoscopic therapy with tissue adhesives has similar hemostasis rat... |
health economics is a branch of economics that studies and evaluates the quantity, quality, and value of the limited resources available to healthcare systems, as well as determining how these factors best combine to produce certain services, with the aim of maximizing effectiveness and efficiency. us health costs are ... | background : health costs have risen everywhere, worldwide, and nurses play a pivotal role in cost savings and in contributing to the financial stability of hospitals.aim:this study evaluated the awareness and performance of iranian nursing staff, with regard to health economics.materials and methods : a total of 175 n... |
the construction of long dna oligonucleotides, such as synthetic genes, is useful for a number of reasons. for protein expression, it is possible to improve the yield of a desired protein by optimizing codon usage to reflect the relative codon abundance in the host organism used for protein production. long oligodeoxyn... | we describe a computer program, assembly pcr oligo maker, created to automate the design of oligodeoxynucleotides for the pcr - based construction of long dna molecules. this program is freely available at and has been specifically designed to aid in the construction of dna molecules that are to be used for the product... |
pilonidal sinus is a well recognized chronic inflammatory condition which affects the natal cleft, finger web space, and it is rare in the penis. we report on a case of penile pilonidal sinus in a 24-year - old man who has severe mental illness, autism, and developmental delay. the literature was reviewed and there wer... | pilonidal sinus is a well recognised chronic inflammatory condition which commonly affects the natal cleft and finger web space. pilonidal sinus of the penis is a rare clinical entity ; few cases have been reported previously. the treatment strategy is almost the same as treating any pilonidal sinus and involves total ... |
three different types of aiha can be studied based on the behavior of the autoantibodies involved in the pathogenesis:1 (1) warm aiha, which is most commonly mediated through igg autoantiobodies (polygenic ; commonly against the antigens of rh system) that are most potent at temperatures 37 c, (2) cold aiha, which is g... | polygenic igg autoantibodies are implicated in majority of the cases of warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia (waiha). in some of these cases, complement (c3) proteins accompany the igg antibodies. waiha mediated by c3 alone is relatively rare. we present an interesting case of waiha with a direct antiglobulin test (dat) po... |
participants came from the twins early development study (teds), a population - based longitudinal study of all twins born in england and wales from 1994 to 1996. the present paper is based on data collected from parents when the twins were approximately 8 (mean sd = 7.89 0.53), 9 (9.01 0.29), and 12 (11.28 0.70) years... | objectivedisorders on the autism spectrum, as well as autistic traits in the general population, have been found to be both highly stable across age and highly heritable at individual ages. however, little is known about the overlap in genetic and environmental influences on autistic traits across age and the contribut... |
tum or consisted of a firm, well - circumscribed, ovoid piece of soft pink tissue measuring 21.51 cm in the supraglottic area of the larynx. histologically, the mass showed a fibrous and chondromyxoid stroma containing epithelial and myoepithelial cells. epithelial component consisted of relatively uniform - appearing ... | pleomorphic adenoma (pa) is the most common benign neoplasm of the salivary glands. it usually occurs in major salivary glands, such as the parotid and submandibular glands. occasionally, however, it occurs in the larynx. these lesions generally present as a slow - growing, painless mass. malignant transformation is ve... |
secondary hyperparathyroidism (shpt) is often underdiagnosed or insufficiently treated in patients not yet receiving dialysis, when therapy would have greater short- and long - term benefits. hyperparathyroidism also frequently persists after successful renal transplantation and is present in up to 50% of patients 1 ye... | cinacalcet has proven effective in the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism (shpt) in dialysis patients, and it may also have benefits in stage 3 and 4 chronic kidney disease (ckd). the efficacy of cinacalcet in the treatment of shpt was investigated in a study of 54 patients with stage 3 and 4 ckd not receiving ... |
p. vivax is the most prevalent cause of human malaria in the americas, accounting for more than 70% of total cases reported. chloroquine (cq) at a dose of 25 mg / kg over three days remains the first line therapy for vivax malaria. to prevent relapse, pq is given to all nonpregnant patients greater than 6 months of age... | the widespread use of primaquine (pq) and chloroquine (cq), together, may be responsible for the relatively few, isolated cases of chloroquine - resistant p. vivax (cqrpv) that have been reported from south america. we report here a case of p. vivax from the amazon basin of peru that recurred against normally therapeut... |
vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus are important foodborne pathogens associated with the consumption of fish and shellfish, especially oysters, which have long been known to bioconcentrate vibrios within their edible tissues [1, 2 ]. vibrio vulnificus also causes life - threatening illness from wound infecti... | bacteriovorax were quantified in us atlantic, gulf, and pacific seawater to determine baseline levels of these predatory bacteria and possible seasonal fluctuations in levels. surface seawater was analyzed monthly for 1 year from kailua - kona, hawaii ; the gulf coast of alabama ; and four sites along the delaware bay.... |
the millennium cohort is the largest prospective study using primary data collection ever undertaken by the department of defense (dod). the study began in 2001 with the objective to collect and evaluate data on health, behavioral risk factors, and occupational characteristics related to military service that may be as... | objectiveresearch has suggested that a higher risk of type 2 diabetes associated with sleep characteristics exists. however, studies have not thoroughly assessed the potential confounding effects of mental health conditions associated with alterations in sleep.research design and methodswe prospectively assessed the as... |
pathologically, ad is characterized by extracellular aggregation of amyloid - beta into senile plaques and hyper - phosphorylated tau protein accumulation in intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles (beach., clinically, ad is characterized by progressive cognitive decline that typically presents with memory loss as the in... | backgroundalzheimer 's disease (ad) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. current avenues of ad research focus on pre - symptomatic biomarkers that will assist with early diagnosis of ad. the majority of magnetic resonance imaging (mri) based biomarker research to date has focused on neuronal loss in grey matter... |
herbal ingredients are commonly found in many products, including cosmetics, drugs, foods, and oral hygiene products, such as mouth rinse, toothpaste, and lozenges. for example, the biological properties of herbal substances should be evaluated to exclude the possibility of adverse effects on human tissue. the toxic ef... | objectives : the aim of this study was to compare the results of dimethylthiazol diphenyltetrazolium bromide (mtt) and neutral red uptake (nru) assays of clinacanthus nutans cytotoxicity.materials and methods : mouse fibroblast (l929) cells were exposed to 0.01%, 0.1%, 0.25%, and 0.5% (w / v) c. nutans in a 96-cluster ... |
cystoid macular edema (cme) following cataract surgery, also known as irvine - gass syndrome, is an important differential diagnosis of painless decrease in vision following uneventful cataract extraction. the pathogenesis is likely multifactorial, ultimately leading to the breakdown of the blood - retinal barrier and ... | purposeto report a case of acute bilateral irvine - gass syndrome.methodsthis is an observational case report.resultsan 82-year - old man with no significant ocular history developed postsurgical pseudophakic cystoid macular edema (cme ; irvine - gass syndrome) on consecutive phacoemulsification cataract surgeries. his... |
a pigment is a coloured organic or inorganic solid that is usually insoluble in its application media. pigments are used when extreme resistance to light, weather or temperature is needed, e.g. in automotive paints and other outdoor applications. due to its insolubility, a pigment will usually retain its crystal struct... | the structures of the, and polymorphs of quinacridone were predicted using polymorph predictor software in combination with x - ray powder diffraction patterns of limited quality. the present work demonstrates a method to obtain crystal structures of industrially important pigments when only a low - quality powder patt... |
nowadays, post - operative nausea and vomiting (ponv) sound to be the leading cause of morbidity and discomfort among pediatric surgical patients. ponv may at least direct patients to have longer stay at hospital after surgery but some more serious consequences such as bleeding, wound dehiscence, dehydration, electroly... | objectiveclonidine is an 2-agonist which is used as a sedative premedication in children. there are conflicting results in the published literature about the effect of clonidine on the incidence of post operative nausea and vomiting (ponv). we therefore decided to evaluate the effect of oral clonidine given preoperativ... |
the ecology of tularemia is represented by a literature that reflects the diversity of this complex zoonosis. like the literature of many other infections, the sheer volume of observations makes it difficult to organize and synthesize sets of working hypotheses for how the causative agent exists in nature. an organized... | the epidemiology of tularemia has influenced, perhaps incorrectly skewed, our views on the ecology of the agent of tularemia. in particular, the central role of lagomorphs needs to be reexamined. diverse observations, some incidental, and some that are more generally reproducible, have not been synthesized so that the ... |
assessment of left ventricular (lv) function is the most common and clinically relevant task in the congenital echocardiography laboratory. historically, those measurements have been estimated using m - mode (mm) and two - dimensional (2d) echocardiography, with several limitations. strain echocardiography, on the othe... | aims : three - dimensional speckle - tracking echocardiography (3d - ste) is a promising new technique to evaluate left ventricular (lv) mechanics. the feasibility and normal values of lv strain using 3d - ste have recently been established in adults and children. unfortunately, no data are available in neonates. the a... |
a. pereda, c. perfumo, and d. r. perez contributed to the concept and design of the study ; a. rimondi, m. angel, j. ye, t. sutton, m. dibrbora, v. olivera, and m. i. craig analyzed and interpreted the virological and molecular data ; j. cappuccio, m. quiroga, and m. machuca performed necropsies, analyzed, and interpre... | please cite this paper as : pereda. (2011) evidence of reassortment of pandemic h1n1 influenza virus in swine in argentina : are we facing the expansion of potential epicenters of influenza emergence ? influenza and other respiratory viruses 5(6), 409412.in this report, we describe the occurrence of two novel swine inf... |
the older population is increasing in sweden,1 as it is in the rest of europe.2 elderly people are and will be affected by multiple chronic conditions that is, multimorbidity3 and several mental disorders,4 even when dementia disorders are not taken into account.5 multimorbidity is associated with mental health problem... | introductionelderly people with multiple chronic conditions, or multimorbidity, are at risk of developing poor mental health. these seniors often remain in their homes with support from home care assistants (hcas). mental health promotion by hcas needs to be studied further because they may be among the first to observ... |
since earliest times, food and nutrition have always remained one of the darkest areas and the world has failed to tackle the situation completely. the 1996 world food summit brought back to center stage the issue of hunger and food insecurity as both cause and effect of poverty and slow growth. in the wake of this new... | introduction : nutrient adequacy is the level of intake of an essential nutrient in relation to the nutrient requirement for adequate health, which is expressed as the percentage of recommended dietary allowance. to develop an effective nationwide preventive program to combat malnutrition, it is necessary not only to a... |
using exome sequencing and a variant prioritisation strategy that focuses on loss - of - function variants, we identified biallelic, loss - of - function cep57 mutations as a cause of constitutional mosaic aneuploidies. cep57 is a centrosomal protein and is involved in nucleating and stabilizing microtubules. our data ... | |
the protocol was approved by the institutional review boards for human studies of baylor college of medicine, the harris county hospital district, and the university of washington. all kpd patients were identified by acute presentation with an episode of dka, defined by the presence of all of the following : anion gap ... | objectiveketosis - prone diabetes (kpd) is characterized by diabetic ketoacidosis (dka) in patients lacking typical features of type 1 diabetes. a validated classification scheme for kpd includes two autoantibody - negative (a) phenotypic forms : a (lean, early onset, lacking -cell functional reserve) and a+ (obese, la... |
lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer - related deaths in the united states. even after 30 years of improved therapeutic approaches, the 5-year mortality of lung cancer remains alarmingly high at 86%.1 the emerging application of pharmacogenomics offers the potential to identify drugs and drug combinations in the ... | introductionperformance status (ps) is the only known clinical predictor of outcome in patients with advanced non - small - cell lung cancer (nsclc), although pharmacogenomic markers may also correlate with outcome. the aim of our study was to correlate clinical and pharmacogenomic measures with overall survival.method... |
indeed, patients with dementia often have neuropsychiatric symptoms collectively termed behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (bpsd).1 depression is quite common in elderly patients with dementia.2,3 aggressive behaviors that cause great difficulties in the social functioning of patients are also common, si... | patients with dementia often have neuropsychiatric symptoms. the objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between neuropsychiatric symptoms and progressive cognitive decline by assessing cognitive impairment, depressive symptoms, and aggressive behavior in a sample of elderly subjects. the study sample ... |
during july 2011april 2014, a total of 45 blood samples were collected in edta - containing collection tubes from wild japanese macaques in aomori (n = 25), yamagata (n = 5), and wakayama (n = 15) prefectures in japan. the animals were captured by licensed trappers, in accordance with the wildlife protection and proper... | bartonella quintana bacteremia was detected in 6 (13.3%) of 45 wild - caught japanese macaques (macaca fuscata). multilocus sequence typing of the isolates revealed that japanese macaques were infected with a new and specific b. quintana sequence type. free - ranging japanese macaques thus represent another natural res... |
as described in detail below, we first estimated the exposure - response relationship between observed daily mortality and temperature data in manhattan. we then obtained downscaled future temperature projections from sixteen climate models and two greenhouse gas emissions scenarios for manhattan. these two inputs were... | global average temperatures have been rising for the past half - century, and the warming trend has accelerated in recent decades1. further warming is expected over the next few decades, with significant regional variations. these warming trends will likely result in more frequent, intense and persistent periods of hot... |
polyamines (pas) are small positively charged aliphatic molecules ubiquitous in almost all life forms. in plants, spermine (spm), spermidine (spd), and their precursor putrescine (put) are the major pas present in cells at micromolar - to - millimolar concentrations. pas have been implicated in a wide range of life pro... | floating ferns of the genus azolla detach their roots under stress conditions, a unique adaptive response termed rapid root abscission. we found that azolla pinnata plants exhibited dose - dependent rapid root abscission in response to the polyamines spermidine and spermine after a substantial time lag (> 20 min). the ... |
they include low dietary intake, conditions associated with decreased absorption or increased urinary phosphate excretion, and conditions associated with shifts in phosphate from the extracellular to intracellular fluid. the latter include various cellular uptake syndromes, in which hypophosphatemia develops as a resul... | the effect of the eshap (etoposide, methylprednisolone, cytarabine, cisplatin) salvage protocol on serum electrolytes has been previously reported by individual observational studies. the most commonly described electrolyte affected by the eshap protocol is magnesium. in addition, hypophosphatemia has been studied and ... |
osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease characterized by loss of bone mass and disruption of bone microarchitecture, and consequently increases the risk of fracture3,5,11,14). it is well known that estrogen plays a fundamental role in skeletal growth and bone homeostasis1 - 3,6). this is of particular importance in po... | objectivethe purpose of this study was to verify the appropriateness of ovariectomized rats as the osteoporosis animal model.methodstwelve female sprague - dawley rats underwent a sham operation (the sham group) or bilateral ovariectomy [the ovariectomy (ovx) group ]. eight weeks after operations, serum biochemical mar... |
dacron arterial grafts are widely used in thoracic aortic replacement, but few cases of non - anastomotic aneurysmal dilatation or rupture have been reported. in most cases that have been reported, knitted, rather than woven, we report the clinically successful result of thoracic endovascular repair (tevar) of the late... | the intrinsic structural failure of a dacron graft resulting from the loss of structural integrity of the graft fabric can cause late graft complications. late non - anastomotic rupture has traditionally been treated surgically via open thoracotomy. we report a case of the successful use of thoracic endovascular repair... |
it was not until the year 1900, when karl landsteiner at the university of vienna, discovered why some blood transfusions were successful while others could be deadly. landsteiner discovered the abo blood group system by mixing the red cells and serum of each of his staff. he demonstrated that the serum of some people ... | the evolution of human blood groups, without doubt, has a history as old as man himself. there are at least three hypotheses about the emergence and mutation of human blood groups. global distribution pattern of blood groups depends on various environmental factors, such as disease, climate, altitude, humidity etc. in ... |
homogeneous gold catalysis is a relatively new field of research that became popular in the early years of this century. although there were a few scattered papers describing reactions of aromatic compounds with gold salts, the first signals of the synthetic potential of gold in homogeneous catalysis came with the work... | cycloisomerizations of 1,n - enynes catalyzed by gold(i) proceed via electrophilic species with a highly distorted cyclopropyl gold(i) carbene - like structure, which can react with different nucleophiles to form a wide variety of products by attack at the cyclopropane or the carbene carbons. particularly important are... |
we describe here a method that can rapidly and accurately compute the potentials of mean force (pmfs) between spherical univalent ions in water. the pmf between an ion a and ion b represents the reversible work (as a function of distance between the two ions, r), averaged over all the configurations of the surrounding ... | we perform extensive molecular dynamics (md) simulations between pairs of ions of various diameters (25.5 in increments of 0.5) and charge (+ 1 or 1) interacting in explicit water (tip3p) under ambient conditions. we extract their potentials of mean force (pmfs). we develop an interpolation scheme, called i - pmf, that... |
the approval of five new treatments for metastatic castrate - resistant prostate cancer (mcrpc) within the last 5 years has been an unprecedented milestone in prostate cancer treatment [figure 1 ]. not only have these drugs successfully changed the therapeutic landscape for this disease but at the same time these chall... | introduction : prostate cancer remains a challenge as a target for immunological approaches. the approval of the first cell - based immune therapy, sipuleucel - t for prostate cancer introduced prostate cancer as a solid tumor with the potential to be influenced by the immune system.methods:we reviewed articles on immu... |
nppe is an uncommon complication of extubation in the early post - operative period and most commonly caused by laryngospasm. acute laryngeal spasm results in airway obstruction and can cause life threatening pulmonary edema due to negative intra thoracic pressure. the incidence of nppe has been reported to be 0.05 to ... | negative pressure pulmonary edema (nppe) is defined as fluid transudation into the pulmonary interstitium which occurs as a result of elevated negative intrathoracic pressure caused by the upper respiratory tract obstruction and strong inspiratory effort. nppe is usually seen during emergence from general anesthesia in... |
tufted angioma is a rare vascular neoplasm clinically characterized by slowly progressive pink to red macules or plaques on the neck, trunk, or shoulders of children or young adults. these tumors follow a benign course of angiomatous proliferation, without any evidence of malignancy. we report herein a case of multifoc... | tufted angioma (ta) is a localized benign hamartomatous vascular proliferation usually presenting in the childhood as an erythematous plaque. we report here a rare case of multifocal ta in an 8-year - old boy who presented which two large annular lesions as well as multiple papules and nodules on the back for the durat... |
upper gastrointestinal bleeding is one of the most common emergencies managed by gastroenterologists that results in high patient morbidity and medical care costs (1). the main sources of upper gastrointestinal bleeding are peptic ulcers, esophagitis, drug - induced mucosal damage, sequelae of portal hypertension (esop... | aimthe purpose of the present study was to evaluate the number and proportion of various causes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding and actual numbers of non - nsaid, non - helicobacter pylori (h.pylori) peptic ulcers seen in endoscopy of these patients.backgroundthe number and the proportion of patients with non- h.pyl... |
basal cell carcinoma (bcc) is the most common type of skin cancer in the head and neck region. the incidence of bcc is on the rise, and it represents approximately 65% of all skin carcinomas [13 ]. bcc is not usually life threatening, unlike malignant melanoma, but it is locally invasive and may lead to considerable mo... | the aim of the study is to analyze all completely excised bccs in the head and neck region with regard to age, sex, personal and familial history, skin type, tumor localization and size, histopathological subtype of tumor, reconstruction method, and recurrence rates. incompletely excised bccs were not included in this ... |
myocardial infarction (mi) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. in china, a newly industrialized country, it is estimated that 3 million patients have suffered from mi and an additional 0.5 million patients experience acute mi yearly. substantial progress has been made in myocar... | abstractcell transplantation has become an attractive option for cardiac regenerative therapy. however, poor cell survival and extensive redistribution throughout the body can drastically affect the outcome and safety of cell therapy. although various approaches have been attempted to support the survival and engraftme... |
the quality of life (qol) assessment in elderly people has been a priority in many developed countries to guide public policy, including social, health, and environmental actions. the world health organization (who) developed an international cross - culturally comparable qol assessment instrument, whoqol. to adapt who... | purpose : to assess the quality of life (qol) of elderly people in the academia da cidade program (acp), a public brazilian government program encourages physical and leisure activity in recife, brazil.materials and methods : this cross - sectional study evaluated 181 elderly people attending the acp at least twice a w... |
adults with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled (a1c 711%) with maximally tolerated stable doses of metformin, sulfonylurea, or both for 3 months were randomized (1:1) to 1.8 mg liraglutide once daily or 10 g exenatide twice daily. after 26 weeks, patients continued into a nonrandomized 14-week extension : all exen... | objectiveto evaluate efficacy and safety of switching from twice - daily exenatide to once - daily liraglutide or of 40 weeks of continuous liraglutide therapy.research design and methodswhen added to oral antidiabetes drugs in a 26-week randomized trial (liraglutide effect and action in diabetes [lead]-6), liraglutide... |
threshold values are of prime importance in providing a sound basis for public health decisions. a key issue is determining threshold or maximum exposure values for pollutants and assessing their potential health risks. environmental epidemiology could be instrumental in assessing these levels, especially since the ass... | |
the origin of tumors of minor salivary glands account for less than 25% of all salivary neoplasms with 40 kleinsasser and klein introduced the term basal cell adenoma to describe a benign salivary gland tumor comprised of uniform appearing basaloid cells arranged in solid, trabecular, tubular, and membranous patterns, ... | basal cell adenoma (bca) of the salivary glands is an uncommon type of monomorphic adenoma. its most frequent location is the parotid gland. it usually appears as a firm and mobile slow - growing mass. histologically, it is seen as nests of isomorphic cells and interlaced trabeculae with a prominent basal membrane. the... |
autistic spectrum disorders (asds) are developmental disorders estimated to affect 1 in 150 children. increasing professional awareness has led to higher levels of diagnosis and support, possibly explaining the recorded rise in prevalence over the last 30 years. asd is commoner in males (m : f autism 4 : 1, aspergers 1... | background. user feedback is now an integral part of both clinical governance and service development, and it also provides a key route to engaging parents and children. autistic spectrum disorders (asds) can impact on all members of a family, and close working between parents and professionals is essential. aim. to ex... |
ecology is generally described as the study of the relationships between organisms and the (a)biotic environment. such relationships are best understood as interactions because the environment is not only dictating the fate of organisms, but organisms also affect the environment. organisms make use of their phenotype (... | there is a growing recognition for the significance of evolutionary thinking in ecology and conservation biology. however, ecology and conservation studies often work with species - specific, fixed traits that ignore intraspecific variation. the way the habitat of a species is considered is an example of typological th... |
laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (sg) was introduced by gagner and colleagues as a first - step procedure to minimize surgical risk for super - super obese (sso) or high - risk patients, followed by either laparoscopic biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch or laparoscopic roux - en - y gastric bypass (rygb). sg... | background and objectives : this study evaluates our technique for robot - assisted sleeve gastrectomy for morbidly obese and super obese patients and our outcomes.methods:a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent robot - assisted sleeve gastrectomy at a single center was performed. the procedure was performed... |
transposons employ intricate mechanisms of excision and reinsertion, and they appear to play an important role in the evolution of their hosts, often accounting for a substantial part of the genomes [1 - 5 ]. more recently, however, they have primarily attracted attention as tools for the manipulation of the genomes of... | transposons are powerful tools for conducting genetic manipulation and functional studies in organisms that are of scientific, economic, or medical interest. minos, a member of the tc1/mariner family of dna transposons, exhibits a low insertional bias and transposes with high frequency in vertebrates and invertebrates.... |
sunitinib is a small molecule multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor currently used for the treatment of cancer. this class of drugs has also been reported to have antidiabetic effects [1 - 3 ], but the mechanism has not been elucidated. here we describe a patient with a nonfunctioning pancreatic neuroendocrine carcin... | we report a rare case of severe hypoglycemia after sunitinib treatment for pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma. we describe the initial clinical presentation, laboratory results, pathologic findings, and managment in a patient with a nonfunctioning pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma with liver metastases who developed... |
a new distribution for analysing time - to - event data was introduced by, known as generalised exponential distribution. generalised exponential distribution can be used as an alternative to the well - known and used weibull distribution in lifetime data analysis and reliability engineering according to. the generalis... | a unit is said to be randomly censored when the information on time occurrence of an event is not available due to either loss to followup, withdrawal, or nonoccurrence of the outcome event before the end of the study. it is assumed in independent random / noninformative censoring that each individual has his / her own... |
supernumerary teeth can occur in primary or permanent dentition, but are more frequently reported in permanent dentition. they can occur in different forms, unilaterally or bilaterally and either in the maxilla or mandible. supernumerary teeth may be an incidental finding on a radiograph or the cause for failure of eru... | the presence of supernumerary teeth is not uncommon in the general population. they occur more frequently in patients with a family history of such teeth. it is rare to find multiple supernumeraries in individuals with no other associated disease or syndrome. there have been very few documented cases of bilateral maxil... |
laboratory bacterial strains used are derived from e. coli k12 (bw25113 obtained from the coli genetic stock center or mg1655 obtained from atcc). the uropathogenic e. coli strain uti89 was kindly provided to us from matt conover and scott hultgren. the ciprofloxacin - resistant uropathogenic e. coli isolate (upec cipr... | antibiotic resistance is an increasingly serious public health threat1. understanding pathways allowing bacteria to survive antibiotic stress may unveil new therapeutic targets28. we explore the role of the bacterial epigenome in antibiotic stress survival using classical genetic tools and single - molecule real - time... |
the transmission risk of foot - and - mouth disease (fmd) in japan was evaluated using a mathematical fmd transmission model. the distance - based transmission rate between farms, which was parameterized using the fmd epidemic data in 2010 in japan, was used to calculate the local - level reproduction numbers expected ... | |
the population of old people is rising exponentially in thailand. according to the foundation of thai gerontology research and development institute, tgri (2013) it is projected that the aged population in thailand will significantly rise to approximately 22 million by 2040. in 25 years, 33.5% of the entire thailand po... | background. there is an important need to characterize risk factors for disability in thailand, in order to inform effective prevention and control strategies. this study investigated factors associated with risk of 6 types of disability in thailand 's ageing population in 2002, 2007, and 2011. methods. data came from ... |
the most common hospital - acquired infection is catheter - associated urinary tract infection (cauti) accounting for almost 40% of all the nosocomial infections. the single most important predisposing factor for cauti is the insertion of urinary catheter. urinary (foley) catheters are used very frequently in hospitali... | background and aims : catheter - associated urinary tract infection (cauti) is one of the most common health care acquired infection encountered in clinical practice. the present study was planned to assess the knowledge and attitude of health care providers regarding the indications for catheterization and methods of ... |
pit displays the characteristic histological features of a thymoma, with the additional characteristic of being surrounded by lung or visceral pleura without evidence of a thymic lesion in the anterosuperior mediastinum. due to its rarity, variety, unclear natural course, and non - specific features on diagnostic imagi... | primary intrapulmonary thymoma (pit) is a very rare lesion of uncertain pathogenesis. pit should be considered when the histopathological appearance of a lung tumor shows features that are uncommon but similar to those of a thymoma. in this case report, we discuss the case of a 59-year - old female with a solitary pulm... |
web- and mobile - phone - based applications are now commonly used to improve coverage and quality of health services. in india, the mother and child tracking system (mcts) is one such web - based applications that is used nation - wide to improve the coverage of maternal, newborn, and child health (mnch) services. sim... | background : the innovative mobile - phone technology for community health operation (imtecho) is a mobile - phone application that helps accredited social health activists (ashas) in complete registration through the strategies employed during implementation that is linking ashas incentives to digital records, regular... |
recent advances in high - throughput sequencing technologies have greatly increased the scale and scope of genomics research, and this was evident throughout the recent biology of genomes meeting at the cold spring harbor laboratory. here in one of several talks that investigated the causes, dynamics and phenotypic eff... | a report on the 23rd annual meeting on ' the biology of genomes ', 11 - 15 may 2010, cold spring harbor, usa.meeting reportrecent advances in high - throughput sequencing technologies have greatly increased the scale and scope of genomics research, and this was evident throughout the recent biology of genomes meeting a... |
the three goals of radical prostatectomy () are cancer control, preservation of urinary control, and preservation of sexual function. as the techniques of rp have evolved, our understanding of the relevant anatomy has improved and better oncological and functional outcomes have been reported. despite this, there remain... | the role of a bladder neck sparing (bns) technique in radical prostatectomy (rp) remains controversial. the potential advantages of improved functional recovery must be weighed against oncological outcomes. we performed a literature review to evaluate the current knowledge regarding oncological and functional outcomes ... |
using a modal matching theory, we demonstrate the generation of short - range, chiral electromagnetic fields via the excitation of arrays of staggered nanoslits that are chiral in two dimensions. the electromagnetic near fields, which exhibit a chiral density greater than that of circularly polarized light, can enhance... | |
most of us agree that the assumption that nurses care and doctors cure is too simplistic, and that it is not uncommon for many nurses not to care very much at all, and for some doctors to care a great deal. however, in spite of this, there still is a theoretical discrepancy between nursing and medicine in relation to h... | in this paper i introduce a theoretical framework on care developed by the norwegian nurse and philosopher kari martinsen, and i argue that this approach has relevance not only within nursing, but also within clinical medicine. i try to substantiate this claim by analysing some of the key concepts in this approach, and... |
one of the major factors that can negatively affect breastfeeding is the lack of breast milk. there are many instructions on the subject of breast milk in iranian traditional medicine resources. this article attempts to investigate causes and reasons for the lack of breast milk from the perspective of the great scholar... | background : support for breastfeeding is a public health priority. one of the major factors that can negatively affect breastfeeding is the lack of breast milk. there are many instructions on the subject of breast milk in iranian traditional medicine resources. this article attempts to investigate causes and reasons f... |
over the next 30 years, the elderly population (65 years and older) in the united states is expected to double. by the year 2040, 20% of americans will be 65 years of age and older as compared to 12.97% in 2010. from 2010 to 2050, the total population is expected to increase by 142% ; the age group of 65 years old and ... | this study was conducted to evaluate recipients ' perception of service quality, satisfaction, and behavioral intention in home delivered meals program in the us. out of 398 questionnaires, 265 (66.6%) were collected, and 209 questionnaires (52.5%) were used for the statistical analysis. a confirmatory factor analysis ... |
globally, the production of canned tuna is continuously increasing and the current european market demand far exceeds the availability of raw material that the fishing areas of the european union (eu) are able to provide, forcing fish processing companies to seek new and cheaper sources of supply, such as zero duty afr... | the results of a study on the microbiological stability of canned tuna produced by italian companies and similar canned products manufactured in countries outside europe are reported herein. the study involved 38 samples of canned tuna of various brands, of which 14 were produced by companies outside europe and 24 by i... |
mycotic aortic aneurysms are a rare condition with a relative incidence of 13% of all aortic aneurysms. the patients often present late with nonspecific symptoms, and these aneurysms are prone to rupture ; therefore, early diagnosis and urgent treatment is vital. computed tomography angiography (cta) is the first - lin... | mycotic aortic aneurysms account for 13% of all aortic aneurysms. the management of this disease is controversial. since open surgical repair is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates, endovascular aneurysm repair is an alternative treatment method with promising early and midterm outcomes, although its lon... |
birth of a child with ambiguous genitalia often imparts great deal of apprehension and confusion to the involved families. diagnostic workup and timely designation of the gender to these patients clitoromegaly refers to an abnormal enlargement of a female clitoris, thus masquerading as a male penis. most of the cases o... | genitourinary involvement of neurofibromatosis is uncommon and genital neurofibromatosis is even rarer. involvement of clitoris by neurofibroma can lead to clitoromegaly masquerading as a male penis. we report such a case of ambiguous genitalia in a 7-year - old female child presenting with clitoromegaly since birth, i... |
a significant quantity of food and beverages arrive on the market in a robust form of tinplate packaging. hermetically sealed can allow minimization of headspace oxygen and also keep a long and safe shelf life with minimal use of preservatives. however, the use of tinplate for food and beverage packing will result in s... | tin content in samples of canned fruits and vegetables was determined by hydride generation inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (hg - icp - oes), and it was compared with results obtained by standard method of flame atomic absorption spectrometry (aas). selected tin emission lines intensity was meas... |
the endothelium, the monolayer of endothelial cells lining the lumen of all blood vessels, plays an important role in the regulation of vasomotor tone control with the release of vasoconstrictor mediators.1 endothelial function can be assessed by flow - mediated dilatation (fmd) which be carried out noninvasively with ... | background : the ankle - brachial pressure index (abi), the ratio of the systolic blood pressure of the ankle to the systolic brachial pressure, is commonly measured at rest, but abi values post - exercise enhance the sensitivity of the test and can be used to identify atherosclerotic vascular damage. however, it has n... |
increased microglial activity facilitates beneficial responses to central nervous system (cns) injuries, including phagocytosis of debris and clearance of apoptotic cells ; however, unregulated microglial activity can lead to production of neurotoxic factors that worsen cns pathology and cause neuronal degeneration [17... | the role of inflammation in neurodegenerative diseases has been widely demonstrated. intraneuronal protein accumulation may regulate microglial activity via the fractalkine (cx3cl1) signaling pathway that provides a mechanism through which neurons communicate with microglia. cx3cl1 levels fluctuate in different stages ... |
despite their usually low stability, organic radical cations1, 2 have raised substantial interest in a wide range of research areas owing to their critical importance in a multitude of organic and biological reactions, for which they act as reactive intermediates. furthermore, radical cations that absorb light in the n... | abstractchemical or electrochemical oneelectron oxidation of 5narylaminothiazoles was found to afford stable radical cations. for chemical oxidation, 1 equivalent of [(4brc6h4)3n][sbcl6 ] (magic blue, mb) was added to ch2cl2 solutions of the thiazoles, and the thusobtained radicals showed light absorption in the nearin... |
emergency hematopoiesis defines the production of functional hematopoietic cells under nonhomeostatic, proinflammatory, or biologically stressed conditions [14 ]. blood cell production is a tightly regulated process that, after birth and throughout life, starts in a conspicuous hematopoietic stem cell (hsc) subset resi... | reconstitution of the hematopoietic system during immune responses and immunological and neoplastic diseases or upon transplantation depends on the emergent differentiation of hematopoietic stem / progenitor cells within the bone marrow. although in the last decade the use of dialyzable leukocyte extracts (dle) as supp... |
the accord trial design, inclusion criteria, subject characteristics, and main results have been previously published (2). the accord trial was designed to determine whether cardiovascular event rates in t2 dm could be reduced through intensive glycemic control, intensive blood pressure control, and lipid management ta... | objectiveidentify determinants of weight gain in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (t2 dm) allocated to intensive versus standard glycemic control in the action to control cardiovascular risk in diabetes (accord) trial.research design and methodswe studied determinants of weight gain over 2 years in 8,929 participan... |
abdominal compartment syndrome (acs) is a life - threatening syndrome with an increase in incidence among critically ill patients. primary acs results from a direct injury within the abdomen and pelvic region (e.g., a blunt or penetrating trauma, ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm or laparotomy). a direct injury to the... | introduction : an increase in abdominal pressure can lead to so - called intra abdominal compartment syndrome (acs). multiple factors such as an increase in retroperitoneal volume due to pancreatitis, bleeding and edema as a result of pelvic fracture can lead to compartment syndrome. prevention is better than cure in c... |
the prevalence of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ends), such as ecigarettes and vapor pens, is on the rise around the world 1. while ecigarettes may have potential roles in assisting with smoking cessation or tobacco harm reduction 2, they are not currently approved or regulated by the food and drug administrati... | key clinical messagealthough use of electronic nicotine delivery system devices, such as ecigarettes and vapor pens, is on the rise, no treatment protocols exist to help such users quit. we report the case of a 24yearold patient in a tobacco treatment program who successfully quit ecigarette use by using nicotine repla... |
biomonitoring is an important way of evaluating human exposures to selected environmental contaminants and is becoming more widely used in public health work. creatinine is often used for normalizing or adjusting urinary analyte concentrations for dilution in clinical samples and is considered an integral part of monit... | a viable, quick, and reliable method for determining urinary creatinine by liquid chromatography / tandem mass spectrometry (lc / ms / ms) was developed and used to evaluate spot urine samples collected for the washington environmental biomonitoring survey (webs) : part of the washington state department of health, pub... |
we report a case of a 32 week gestation newborn diagnosed with a right ventricular outflow tract mass and subsequently diagnosed with tuberose sclerosis that needed early surgical intervention. while this case needed early intervention, the need for surgical intervention in otherwise asymptomatic cases is debatable as ... | backgroundneonatal tuberose sclerosis complex may be associated with symptomatic cardiac rhabdomyomas. cardiac rhabdomyomas are the most common cardiac tumours. the symptoms include haemodynamic instability and life threatening arrhythmias usually requiring early surgical intervention.resultswe report a case of a 32 we... |
the hormones dominating the phases are gonadotropin releasing hormone (gnrh), follicle - stimulating hormone (fsh), luteinizing hormone (lh), estrogen and progesterone. these hormones can be changed by exercise estrogen and progesterone increase after acute exercise. in the menstrual period, progesterone and estrogen s... | [purpose ] the performance of female athletes during their menstrual period has attracted the attention of researchers for many years. it is known that the menstrual period changes with exercise. alpha - fetoprotein (afp) is an oncofetal protein. in this study, the effect of maximal aerobic exercise in the luteal phase... |
chronic heart failure (hf) is a significant health and social problem. in the united states alone, nearly 6 million people suffered from hf in 2008, and this disease is becoming increasingly prevalent with more than 550,000 new cases diagnosed each year. half of hf patients die within 5 years of the first onset of symp... | background. chronic heart failure is a major health and social problem. the promotion of self - care behaviours can potentially assist patients to effectively manage this chronic condition and prevent worsening of the disease. formal personalized educational interventions that provide support and take into consideratio... |
diabetic muscle infarction (dmi), which was described for the first time by angervall and stener in 1965, is a rare complication of dm. it is usually seen in long - standing dm along with complications, such as, nephropathy, retinopathy and neuropathy. until now it commonly occurs in the thigh muscles and we have been ... | diabetic muscle infarction (dmi) is an unusual complication of diabetes mellitus. it is usually seen in long - standing diabetes mellitus. this article presents a case of dmi in the left forearm of a 58-year - old woman. she had a swollen forearm. the level of creatine kinase was 5930 u / l. her condition was initially... |
a 43-year - old man had sudden blurring of vision, metamorphopsia, and paracentral scotoma in his left eye on the second postoperative day of dacryocystorhinostomy operation on the same side. ocular examination showed best - corrected visual acuity of 20/20 in the right eye and 20/80 in the left eye. fundus fluorescein... | a 43-year - old man developed central serous choroidoretinopathy in his left eye following dacryocystorhinostomy operation on the same side. he was using xylometazoline nasal drops in his left nostril. action of xylometazoline or the stress related to the operation or the effect of both factors played the role in the c... |
the use of sound information is a growing area of application of signal processing techniques in healthcare and biomedicine. in particular, multiple groups have reported on the development of systems that analyze audio recordings of patients and identify bouts of coughing [15 ] or other sounds indicative of health conc... | the development of an automated system for asthma monitoring (adam) is described. this consists of a consumer electronics mobile platform running a custom application. the application acquires an audio signal from an external user - worn microphone connected to the device analog - to - digital converter (microphone inp... |
camel milk has been used for centuries as a medicinal drink in middle eastern, asian, and african cultures (13). camel milk products in the world are popular due to increasing demand and are typically available in pharmacies (4). this systematic review has been conducted to evaluate the nutritional value and medicinal ... | introductioncamel milk is the closest to a human mother s milk. camel milk is different from other milks, however, having low sugar and cholesterol, high minerals (sodium, potassium, iron, copper, zinc and magnesium, and vitamin c). the milk is considered have medicinal characteristics as well. this systematic review i... |
tear film studies have progressed a lot in the past few years, from the traditional quantitative tests like schirmer test, and tear meniscus height measurement, and the qualitative test of tear break - up time (tbut), to anterior segment optical coherence tomography (as oct) measured tear film height and the dynamic te... | purpose. to assess the tear film quantity and correlate it with the quality and stability of the tear film in diabetics and compare them to age matched controls. introduction. diabetes affects tear film parameters in multiple ways. poor metabolic control and neuropathy are postulated factors. to further understand how ... |
freeze - fracture electron microscopy was established as a major technique in ultrastructure research over 30 years ago. when biological specimens are in the frozen state, cellular bilayer lipid membranes have a plane of weakness in their hydrophobic interior ; so if the sample is fractured, the fracture plane will spl... | lipid droplets are not merely storage depots for superfluous intracellular lipids in times of hyperlipidemic stress, but metabolically active organelles involved in cellular homeostasis. our concepts on the metabolic functions of lipid droplets have come from studies on lipid droplet - associated proteins. this realiza... |
thyroid eye disease (ted) is an autoimmune disease involving the retroocular tissues associated with graves ' disease [1, 2 ]. typical signs and symptoms include proptosis, retroorbital pain, tearing, conjunctival redness and edema, corneal lesions, impaired extraocular motility with or without diplopia, periorbital ed... | background / aim. to evaluate the efficacy of methotrexate for the treatment of thyroid eye disease (ted). methods. 36 consecutive patients with active ted, previously treated with corticosteroids but stopped due to the occurrence of side effects, were commenced on methotrexate therapy. two different weekly doses were ... |
genital herpes is most commonly caused by infection with herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2), and is one of the most prevalent sexually transmitted diseases (std) worldwide [13 ]. the incidence of new infections is about 1 million cases per year in the united states. at least 50 million persons in the united states hav... | objective. genital herpes (gh) recurrences and viral shedding are more frequent in the first year after initial hsv-2 infection. the objective of this study was to provide the first evaluation of valacyclovir 1 g once daily compared to placebo in reducing viral shedding in subjects newly diagnosed with gh. methods. 70 ... |
dengue is an arboviral disease endemic in most of the tropical countries with recurrent epidemics. although dengue is known to cause hepatic involvement commonly, it only occasionally results in fulminant liver failure (flf), which has a high mortality. n - acetyl cysteine (nac), a precursor of glutathione, is an effec... | consensus on management of complicated cases of dengue infection is evolving. dengue hemorrhagic fever (dhf) occasionally progress to fulminant liver failure with high fatality rate. inadvertent use of blood products to control massive bleeding in dengue shock syndrome may worsen fluid overload and subsequently the mul... |
the choroid, a well - vascularized connective tissue, resides between the retina pigment epithelium and the sclera and extends from the ora serrata anteriorly to the optic nerve posteriorly. the choroid receives most of the ocular blood flow (~85%) and has one of the highest metabolic activities in the body. the physio... | aimthe objective of the study reported here was to investigate the normal peripapillary choroidal thickness (ct), measured by enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (edi - oct), in healthy turkish volunteers.materials and methodsin this prospective cross - sectional study, 57 eyes of 57 healthy turkish sub... |
applying optimum amount of force during orthodontic treatment is a challenging task for the orthodontist. amount of force to be applied during orthodontic treatment is one of the problems encountered in orthodontics.1 the quantification of stress in the periodontal ligament (pdl) is an important concept, as stress in t... | background : simulation of periodontal ligament (pdl) using non - linear finite element method (fem) analysis gives better insight into understanding of the biology of tooth movement. the stresses in the pdl were evaluated for intrusion and lingual root torque using non - linear properties.materials and methods : a thr... |
cryptophane - a was the first cryptophane synthesized by collet. in 1981. it is composed of two equivalent cyclotribenzylene (ctb) caps bound together by three ethylene - dioxy linkers. on each phenyl ring a has been the subject of many interesting studies in the field of host it has a hydrophobic three - dimensional c... | host guest complexes between cryptophane - a as host and dichloromethane and chloroform as guests are investigated using 1h and 13c nmr spectroscopy. moreover, a related cryptophane, with the methoxy groups replaced by butoxy units (cryptophane - but), and its complexes with the same guests were also studied. variable ... |
acute myocardial ischemic injury is associated with various pathophysiological responses, including inflammatory activity with migration of neutrophils to the ischemic site. although early blood reperfusion to the ischemic myocardium is undoubtedly beneficial in the setting of acute myocardial infarction, there is much... | backgroundacute myocardial infarction is associated with tissue inflammation. early coronary reperfusion clearly improves the outcome but may help propagate the inflammatory response and enhance tissue damage. cyclooxygenase-2 is an enzyme that catalyzes the initial step in the formation of inflammatory prostaglandins ... |
migraine is a highly prevalent illness, and women of reproductive ages are more affected by it than men or women in other age groups (1). many researchers have supported the view that behavioral interventions such as biofeedback and relaxation, either alone or in combination, can be effective for the treatment of heada... | biofeedback with or without combined autogenic training is known to be effective for the treatment of migraine. this study aimed to examine the effect of biofeedback treatment on headache activity, anxiety, and depression in korean female patients with migraine headache. patients were randomized into the treatment grou... |
the emerging discipline of cancer survivorship research includes the study of the consequences of cancer diagnosis and its treatment among children and adults who have experienced cancer. while the united states (usa) has conducted the majority of research on adult cancer survivorship [26 ], the united kingdom and cana... | cancer survivorship research includes the study of physical, psychosocial, and economic consequences of cancer diagnosis and treatment among pediatric and adult cancer survivors. historically, the majority of cancer survivorship studies were from the united states, but survivorship issues are increasingly being address... |
currently, the uniprotkb protein sequence database contains > 17 million protein sequences (1). this wealth of data is helping us to understand biology at an ever increasing rate. a large fraction of these sequences can be grouped into a few thousand common protein families. proteins within these families often share c... | as the deluge of genomic dna sequence grows the fraction of protein sequences that have been manually curated falls. in turn, as the number of laboratories with the ability to sequence genomes in a high - throughput manner grows, the informatics capability of those labs to accurately identify and annotate all genes wit... |
luminescent metal complexes are increasingly employed as biomolecular and cellular probes due to their unique photophysical properties that make them particularly well suited to monitor biological processes. examples include not only complexes of transition metals such as pt, ir, and ru but also those that incorporate ... | a systematic study of the effect of hydrophobicity and charge on the cell viability and cell association of lanthanide metal complexes is presented. the terbium luminescent probes feature a macrocyclic polyaminocarboxylate ligand (dota) in which the hydrophobicity of the antenna and that of the carboxyamide pendant arm... |
mandibular angle fracture is the most common mandibular fracture, accounting for 40% of all mandibular fractures1. mandibular angle fracture is defined as a fracture line between the anterior border of the mandibular ramus and the body of the mandible2. the management of angle fracture is difficult because of its thin ... | objectivesthe aim of this study was to evaluate the implication of third molars in postoperative complications of mandibular angle fracture with open reduction and internal fixation (orif).materials and methodsdata were collected on patients who presented with mandibular angle fracture at our department of oral and max... |
the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) is increasing in the united states, europe, and worldwide, and has become a serious problem in many countries. patients with chronic liver disease related to hepatitis b or c virus infection are at high risk for developing hcc, and the risk of hcc development becomes high... | a 41-year - old japanese man had received successful interferon (ifn) therapy against chronic hepatitis c in 1994. since then, serum hepatitis c virus (hcv) rna had been negative, and aminotransferase levels had been continuously normal. he had abstained from alcohol. however, his serum aminotransferase levels showed s... |
over 40% of patients being treated with oral anticoagulation are prescribed a direct oral anticoagulants (doacs) according to a recent study assessing prescribing patterns 1. pivotal trials for the doacs have reported noninferiority or superiority of these agents to warfarin, a vitamin k antagonist (vka), for multiple ... | key clinical messagewe presented the first case of fourfactor prothrombin complex concentrate (4fpcc) for the alleviation of bleeding for emergent onpump coronary artery bypass graft (cabg) with the patient discharged by postoperative day (pod) 9 with no sequelae. until direct antidotes are available, 4fpcc may play a ... |
the neural mechanisms that underlie l - dopa - induced dyskinesias in parkinson s disease (pd) remain poorly understood [14 ]. dyskinesias have been associated with pulsatile stimulation of dopamine receptors, downstream changes in genes and proteins, and changes in nondopamine transmitter systems [46 ]. all these chan... | we studied whether five sessions of 10 hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rtms treatment) applied over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlpfc) or the primary motor cortex (mc) in advanced parkinson 's disease (pd) patients would have any effect on l - dopa - induced dyskinesias and cortical excitabilit... |
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