dassarthak18/spore-protocols

Security Protocols Open Repository (SPORE) Dataset

This dataset contains security protocol specifications formatted for training large language models to understand and reason about cryptographic protocols.

Dataset Description

The Security Protocols Open Repository is a comprehensive collection of security protocols that have been formally analyzed. Each protocol specification includes:

• Principal declarations (participants in the protocol)
• Cryptographic primitives (keys, nonces, timestamps, etc.)
• Message exchange sequences with cryptographic operations
• Clear notation for encryption, signing, and other security operations

UPDATE

• Oct-23-2025: This dataset now includes additional protocols from the Clark-Jacob Library, the AVISPA Library and the AVANTSSAR Library not originally available in the SPORE dataset.

Dataset Structure

The dataset is available in two flavours: instruction and conversation.

Each entry in the instruction dataset has the schema:

{"text": "<Protocol Name>\n\n<Protocol Specifications>"}

Each entry in the conversation dataset has the schema:

{
  "messages": [
    {"role": "system", "content": "You are an expert in formal verification of security protocols."},
    {"role": "user", "content": "Analyze the following protocol:\n\n<Protocol Name>\n\n<Protocol Specifications>"},
    {"role": "assistant", "content": ""}
  ]
}

The protocol specifications use a standard notation:

• A, B, S: Principals (participants)
• Na, Nb: Nonces (random values)
• Ka, Kb: Cryptographic keys
• {M}K: Message M encrypted with key K
• A -> B: Message flow from A to B

Use Cases

This dataset is designed for:

1. Protocol Understanding: Training LLMs to parse and comprehend security protocol specifications
2. Protocol Analysis: Learning to identify participants, message flows, and cryptographic operations
3. Security Research: Understanding historical protocols and their vulnerabilities
4. Formal Methods: Learning formal notation for security protocols

Dataset Creation

Source Data

All protocols are sourced from:

• The Security Protocols Open REpository (SPORE), maintained by the Laboratoire Spécification et Vérification (LSV) at ENS Paris-Saclay.
• The Clark-Jacob Library with specifications in MSR 2.0, maintained by Carnegie Mellon University Qatar.
• The Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Applications (AVISPA) Library, funded under the EU Framework Programme 7 (FP7), now discontinued.
• The Automated VAlidatioN of Trust and Security of Service-oriented ARchitectures (AVANTSSAR) Library, funded under the EU Framework Programme 7 (FP7), now discontinued.

Data Processing

The original protocol specifications have been:

• Cleaned of formatting artifacts
• Stripped of comments and metadata
• Standardized to a consistent text format
• Sorted in alphabetical order of the protocol names
• Converted to JSONL for easy loading

Training Example

from datasets import load_dataset

dataset = load_dataset("dassarthak18/spore-protocols", "instruction")

training_args = TrainingArguments(
    # your args
)

trainer = SFTTrainer(
    model=model,
    args=training_args,
    train_dataset=dataset['train'],
    dataset_text_field="text",
)

Dataset Statistics

• Total Protocols: 49 protocols from SPORE + 18 protocols from Clark-Jacob library + 16 protocols from AVISPA library + 6 protocols from AVANTSSAR library
• Protocol Families: Includes variations, fixes, and modified versions of classic protocols
• Average Length: Varies from simple 3-message protocols to complex multi-party protocols
• Language: Formal protocol specification language

Limitations

• The dataset is relatively small (89 protocols)
• Protocols are represented in a specific formal notation
• Does not include natural language descriptions or security proofs

Citation

@misc{spore,
  title = {Security Protocols Open Repository},
  author = {{LSV - ENS Paris-Saclay}},
  howpublished = {\url{https://lsv.ens-paris-saclay.fr/Software/spore/}},
  note = {Laboratoire Spécification et Vérification, ENS Paris-Saclay, France}
}

@techreport{wrro72494,
            note = {Query date: 14/01/2011},
            year = {1997},
           title = {A survey of authentication protocol literature: Version 1.0},
            type = {Report},
     institution = {ARRAY(0x557103a11320)},
       publisher = {Citeseer},
        keywords = {Authentication. ,Security Protocols},
             url = {https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/id/eprint/72494/},
          author = {Clark, John Andrew and Jacob, Jeremy Lawrence}
}

@inproceedings{Armando2005AVISPA,
  author    = {Armando, Alessandro and Basin, David and Boichut, Yohan and
               Chevalier, Yannick and Compagna, Luca and Cuellar, Juan and
               Hankes Drielsma, Peter and He{\'a}m, P.~C. and Kouchnarenko, O. and
               Mantovani, J. and M{\"o}dersheim, Sebastian and von Oheimb, D. and
               Rusinowitch, Michael and Santiago, J. and Turuani, M. and
               Vigan\`o, Luca and Vigneron, L.},
  title     = {The AVISPA Tool for the Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Applications},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of Computer Aided Verification (CAV)},
  series    = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
  volume    = {3576},
  pages     = {281--285},
  year      = {2005},
  publisher = {Springer},
  doi       = {10.1007/11513988\_27}
}

@inproceedings{AVANTSSAR2012,
  author    = {Armando, Alessandro and Carbone, Roberto and Compagna, Luca and
               Cuellar, Jorge and Pellegrino, Giancarlo and Sorniotti, Alessandro},
  title     = {From Multiple Credentials to Browser-Based Single Sign-On: Are We More Secure?},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the IFIP TC 11 27th International Information Security Conference (SEC)},
  series    = {IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology},
  volume    = {376},
  pages     = {68--79},
  year      = {2012},
  publisher = {Springer},
  doi       = {10.1007/978-3-642-30436-1\_6}
}