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cc-by | Since the 1980s several spaceborne sensors have been used to retrieve the aerosol optical depth (AOD) over the Mediterranean region. In parallel, AOD climatologies coming from different numerical model simulations are now also available, permitting to distinguish the contribution of several aerosol types to the total A... | 10.5194/amt-6-1287-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Probe) and METEOSAT/MVIRI. Monthly model datasets include the aerosol climatology from Tegen et al. (1997) , the climate-chemistry models LMDz-OR-INCA and RegCM-4, the multi-model mean coming from the ACCMIP exercise, and the reanalyses GEMS and MACC. Ground-based Level-2 AERONET AOD observations from 47 stations arou... | 10.5194/amt-6-1287-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | , 2009) , highly variable in space and time, driving their interactions with shortwave (SW) and longwave (LW) radiation, with ensuing impacts on climate. In order to identify and quantify these impacts with regional climate models, a robust 4-D aerosol content database over the region is required to be used as a refere... | 10.5194/amt-6-1287-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | This study has shown that the MODIS AOD product has the most reliable estimate of the total AOD over ocean and land. Carboni et al. (2012) have provided an intercomparison of Saharan dust aerosols retrieved by various satellite instruments (e. g. , MODIS, MISR and MERIS) during a strong event in March 2006, showing si... | 10.5194/amt-6-1287-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | These interactive modules are useful for studies at the daily scale and for future climate projections (e. g. , Szopa et al. , 2013). However, they might lead to biases when simulating present aerosol conditions, as the climatic biases impact the AOD field through emission, advection and wet deposition. Resorting to m... | 10.5194/amt-6-1287-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Finally, those remote-sensing datasets have been associated with model-simulated products, which provide AOD climatologies, as well as a vertical dimension for some of them. In addition, they offer the possibility of separating aerosols between different types. Five classes are generally distinguished in climate modell... | 10.5194/amt-6-1287-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | As a result of this comparison, a possible reconstruction of the aerosol field over the Mediterranean basin will be provided for use in RCMs, as well as an estimation of the different uncertainties. It should be noted that the present work focuses on tropospheric aerosols, and that consequently the consideration of vol... | 10.5194/amt-6-1287-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Satellite data Aerosol information retrieved from different sets of satellite measurements is compared over the Mediterranean basin in the present work, in terms of aerosol optical depth at 550 nm. Table 1 summarises their main characteristics (instrument, platform, period of study, spatial resolution and coverage). ... | 10.5194/amt-6-1287-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | , 2004) and the SeaWiFS Ocean Aerosol Retrieval (SOAR) algorithm over ocean (Sayer et al. , 2012). This new product has been included in the present intercomparison (level-3 monthly AOD), and will be called SeaWiFS-2 in this paper. The Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) is a multi-spectral sensor launched... | 10.5194/amt-6-1287-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | , 1997). The aim of PATMOS is to generate multiple products (cloud, aerosol, surface and radiometric) on the same grid using a common processing path. We use for this study the level-3 aerosol product (patmosx aft mor), downloaded from the PATMOS website (http://cimss. ssec. wisc. edu/patmosx/). AVHRR only covers ocean... | 10.5194/amt-6-1287-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Methodology The different satellite and model monthly AOD products are evaluated for each station when both AERONET and satellite-derived (and model-simulated) AOD are available. Every dataset is averaged over a 1 × 1 • box around the AERONET site. This method enables to include in the comparison products which cover o... | 10.5194/amt-6-1287-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | In our case, given the high number of stations and datasets for evaluating temporal correlation, the ensemble of points representing all stations is included in a polygon for the corresponding dataset. The cross (resp. the diamond) indicates the average for the corresponding satellite (resp. model). In the same way, fo... | 10.5194/amt-6-1287-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Methodology The different satellite and model monthly AOD products are evaluated for each station when both AERONET and satellite-derived (and model-simulated) AOD are available. Every dataset is averaged over a 1 • x 1 • box around the AERONET site. This method enables to include in the comparison products which cover... | 10.5194/amt-6-1287-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Satellites The common period for all the recent (in the 2000s) datasets covers only two years (2006) (2007) , which turns out to be very short. For this reason we have decided to use the whole period of time for every dataset, especially as very few differences are noticed using 2006-2007 instead of the whole time per... | 10.5194/amt-6-1287-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | The two means over the period of study for each dataset and the common period are found to be very close in most cases. Large differences can be noticed between these sensors in Fig. 2 , but a relative agreement can be found between MODIS (on AQUA and TERRA) and MISR. These three products which cover the whole domain s... | 10.5194/amt-6-1287-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | 50, 0. 84 and 0. 81 × 10 -2 / • ). However, the AOD in LMDz-OR-INCA is shown to be higher than in other datasets for the three studied regions of Table 3 (Europe, Mediterranean Sea and Northern Africa), especially over Northern Africa (0. 403). RegCM-4 AOD over the Mediterranean Sea (0. 178) and Northern Africa (0. 2... | 10.5194/amt-6-1287-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | GEMS and MACC have also a similar spatial distribution of AOD. The AOD assimilation enables them not to be far from MODIS products. However, GEMS AOD is larger over Europe (0. 245 on average), linked to an overes-timation of sulfate aerosols over Central Europe, related to a bug in the conversion from SO 2 to SO 4 corr... | 10.5194/amt-6-1287-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Comparison of seasonal cycle The aerosol atmospheric content is submitted to a strong seasonal cycle over the Mediterranean region (Moulin et al. , 1998; Barnaba and Gobbi, 2004) and this seasonal variability is now evaluated for the different datasets. Figure 4 shows the AOD monthly averages at 550 nm over the ... | 10.5194/amt-6-1287-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | 011 respectively, but the spread is lower for RegCM-4. LMDz-OR-INCA, GEMS, MACC and ACCMIP biases are slightly higher. We can also mention that RegCM-4, LMDz-OR-INCA and AC-CMIP show several outliers, which come from several points near the Alps as well as from Cairo. Spatial and temporal correlations with AERONET obse... | 10.5194/amt-6-1287-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Over the sea, PARASOL also shows a good correlation (0. 74) but its stan-795 dard deviation is much higher (59%) than that of AERONET. AVHRR has the best estimated standard deviation and a very small spread, but a lower correlation (0. 66) than MODIS. The other datasets show lower scores in the Taylor diagram, even for... | 10.5194/amt-6-1287-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | TEG97 only captures the summer maximum, but not the spring one, probably because of the lack of dust aerosols. LMDz-OR-INCA cycle is disturbed by its strong dust emissions over Africa, which lead to two peaks in May and September which might be overestimated compared to other datasets. RegCM-4 is similar to satellite p... | 10.5194/amt-6-1287-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | RegCM-4 clearly misses aerosols in summer compared to all the other datasets. Over Northern Africa, the seasonal cycle is still similar between both MODIS platforms, MISR and SeaWiFS-2. AOD peaks at 0. 44 in summer in AQUA/MODIS and TERRA/MODIS, 0. 40 in MISR and 0. 36 in SeaWiFS-2. The models show different variations... | 10.5194/amt-6-1287-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Comparison to AERONET After this comparison, we resort to independent groundbased measurements in order to evaluate these different as the other models, which might be due to their coarser spatial resolution. To summarize, this evaluation with ground-based measurements indicates that MODIS has the best AOD estimation ... | 10.5194/amt-6-1287-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Spatial and temporal correlations with AERONET observations are now evaluated, and the results are presented in Taylor diagrams, as detailed in Sect. 3. 1. Figure 6 tions for the given month as the other models, which might be due to their coarser spatial resolution. To summarize, this evaluation with ground-based m... | 10.5194/amt-6-1287-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | 76 and 0. 77). Moreover, their spread is similar and not so large compared to the other datasets. Over the sea, PARASOL also shows a good correlation (0. 74), but its standard deviation is much higher (59 %) than that of AERONET. AVHRR has the best estimated standard deviation and a very small spread, but a lower corre... | 10.5194/amt-6-1287-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | RegCM-4 shows a better standard deviation, but with a correlation of only 0. 32 probably linked to a deficient description of the emission of anthropogenic aerosols in Central Europe (Nabat et al. , 2012). TEG97, LMDz-OR-INCA and ACCMIP are not as accurate as the other models, which might be due to their coarser spati... | 10.5194/amt-6-1287-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Separation by aerosol type Due to their different optical and microphysical properties, aerosol type discrimination is required for a reconstruction of aerosol climatology for a regional climate modelling purpose. Some satellite sensors provide a distinction between fine and coarse modes (e. g. , Tanré et al. , 1997; ... | 10.5194/amt-6-1287-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | , 2006; Solmon et al. , 2008; Nabat et al. , 2012) , as well as dust AOD seasonal and regional variability over the basin. Moreover, MACC and GEMS cannot assimilate AOD over Africa contrary to the rest of the domain. A reasonable option is consequently to consider RegCM-4 AOD to estimate dust aerosols over the basin in... | 10.5194/amt-6-1287-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | As RegCM-4 presents the advantage to have an interactive module to generate SS aerosols at a 50 km resolution (Zakey et al. , 2008) as for dust aerosols, this model should be a relevant choice for SS AOD in our reconstruction. With regards to the other aerosols, differences between datasets are more important. Sulfat... | 10.5194/amt-6-1287-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Additional tests (not displayed here) have shown a clear underestimation of sulfate production by RegCM-4 in this specific set of runs, due notably to an underestimation of both SO 2 emissions and summer oxydant field prescribed as a climatology. Organic carbon (OR) have lower AOD, ranging from 0. 02 (MACC and ACCMIP) ... | 10.5194/amt-6-1287-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Regarding these results, our reconstruction will be based on the products which provide the best AOD estimation, with respect to each aerosol type: SU, OR and BC from MACC, SD and SS from RegCM-4 (more details will be given in Sect. 4. 1). MACC has got the best scores against AERONET observations, but this is essential... | 10.5194/amt-6-1287-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | The other data sets (MVIRI, TOMS and CZCS) have lower AOD over the sea. For CZCS, whose algorithm is close to SeaWiFS, this is probably due to the rejections of high AOD retrievals, thus explaining a very low AOD over the Mediterranean Sea (0. 147 on average). MVIRI and TOMS AOD over 1095 the sea (resp. 0. 144 and 0. 1... | 10.5194/amt-6-1287-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | The other datasets (MVIRI, TOMS and CZCS) have lower AOD over the sea. For CZCS, whose algorithm is close to SeaWiFS, this is probably due to the rejections of high AOD retrievals, thus, explaining a very low AOD over the Mediterranean Sea (0. 147 on average). MVIRI and TOMS AOD over the sea (resp. 0. 144 and 0. 121) a... | 10.5194/amt-6-1287-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | The decrease in sulfate AOD ranges from -0. 05 to -0. 19 over Europe, and from -0. 03 to -0. 08 over the Mediterranean Sea. LMDz-OR-INCA is a median model, showing sulfate trends close to the ACCMIP mean. It should also be noted that no significant trend has been noticed for BC and OR aerosols over Europe and the Medit... | 10.5194/amt-6-1287-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | We would advise the use of a historical separation between fine and coarse mode available for example in the MODIS dataset (Remer et al. , 2005) could be used considering fine aerosols are essentially sulfates, BC and organic aerosols. However, the fine fraction of dust aerosols would not be taken into account in th... | 10.5194/amt-6-1287-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | , 2011) , and other aerosol types, could be included in the next comparative exercises when most models include them. As far as volcanic aerosols are concerned, they also play an important role in radiation-climate interactions (Robock, 2000) , but this study has focused on the main different tropospheric aerosols. We... | 10.5194/amt-6-1287-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | On the contrary, this study clearly shows the limitation of some datasets, either recent such as MERIS and SeaWiFS, or historical such as MVIRI, TOMS and CZCS. MERIS overestimates AOD over the European continent, whereas the others underestimated AOD over the sea. Most model-based products are able to reproduce the spa... | 10.5194/amt-6-1287-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | 1095the sea (resp. 0. 144 and 0. 121) are also low compared to other datasets. TOMS AOD over Africa (0. 231) is yet closer to MODIS and MISR retrievals in present conditions. | 10.5194/amt-6-1287-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Acknowledgements. We would like to thank Meteo-France for the financial support of the first author. This work is part of the Med-CORDEX initiative (www. medcordex. eu) and a contribution to the HyMeX and ChArMEx programmes. This new AOD climatology is indeed available on the ChArMEx database (http://mistrals. sedo... | 10.5194/amt-6-1287-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | true | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | are also indicated (between brackets), except for TEG97 and ACCMIP which do not have interannual variability Dataset Averaged period Europe Mediterranean Sea Northern Africa AQUA/MODIS 2003-2010 0. 144 (0. 147) 0. 197 (0. 198) 0. 273 (0. 275) TERRA/MODIS 2001-2010 0. 151 (0. 148) 0. 206 (0. 207) 0. 298 (0. 309) TERRA/M... | 10.5194/amt-6-1287-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Acknowledgments Sylvanie Surget was supported by Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale. Marie P Khoury was supported by Cancer Research UK , and Jean-Christophe Bourdon is a Research Fellow of Breast Cancer Campaign. | 10.2147/ott.s53876 | review | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Quality control of the prepared library was validated using quantitative PCR (qPCR) (Kapa library quantification kit; Kapa Biosystems, Woburn, MA) and an Agilent Bioanalyzer high-sensitivity (HS) chip (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA) according to the manufacturers' instructions. Genome sequencing was performed t... | 10.1128/genomea.01062-13 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Neuroscience | https://openalex.org/fields/28 |
cc-by | In addition, the genome sequence of strain MOLA814 provides a good opportunity for studying the physiological and ecological functions of a commonly occurring marine betaproteobacterium living in ocean waters. Nucleotide sequence accession numbers. The whole-genome shotgun project has been deposited at DDBJ/EMBL/GenBan... | 10.1128/genomea.01062-13 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Neuroscience | https://openalex.org/fields/28 |
cc-by | ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work was supported by the French ANR (project RHOMEO ). Growth and DNA extraction were performed using the Marine Biodiversity and Biotechnology (Bio2Mar) platform of the OOB. We sincerely thank the Genome Analytics staff (Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research) for rapidly and efficiently ... | 10.1128/genomea.01062-13 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Neuroscience | https://openalex.org/fields/28 |
cc-by | Purpose Evaluation of 1-year safety profile of intravitreal ranibizumab 0. 5 mg in neovascular agerelated macular degeneration (NV-AMD) within routine clinical practice. Methods The LUMINOUS programme comprises a prospective observational study assessing ranibizumab 'real-world' safety and clinical effectiveness across... | 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2013-303232 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | As part of the risk management plan for ranibizumab, the LUMINOUS programme has been designed to describe the long-term safety and effectiveness, and treatment patterns associated with ranibizumab 0. 5 mg treatment in clinical practice for all approved indications included in the local product label, in a large patient... | 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2013-303232 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | true | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Registry selection A retrospective analysis of pooled 1-year ranibizumab safety data from four completed ranibizumab NV-AMD registries in Europe was conducted. Included registries were those completed or with interim 1-year analysis at the time of this analysis (September 2011) (figure 1 ). Data were obtained from med... | 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2013-303232 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Data collection and reporting In the retrospective pooled safety analysis of the four registries, 1-year incidence rates for safety events of particular interest were assessed together with treatment exposure. Data were collected at each patient visit. Timing of patient visits following baseline visit was at the discre... | 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2013-303232 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Statistical analysis Safety analyses were conducted on all patients who had received at least one dose of ranibizumab and who had at least one safety assessment following treatment. Events of particular interest were categories defined by a list of preferred terms using MedDRA V. 13. 0. Events from registries were inte... | 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2013-303232 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | RESULTS Data from 4444 patients from registries in Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium and Sweden were collected and included in this retrospective safety analysis. The majority (79%) of patients in this analysis were from Germany. The percentage of enrolled patients followed up for 1 year was 74. 6% in Germany (2587 of ... | 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2013-303232 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | 3, 5. 5 and 4. 7, respectively. The mean number of injections reported in the Belgian registry was calculated for all patients and was 5. 0. During 1 year, 49 patients from HELIOS (Health Economics with Lucentis in Observational Settings) Netherlands had bilateral treatment (20. 2%). In HELIOS Belgium, 13 patients had ... | 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2013-303232 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | In addition, due to lack of standardisation of data capture, eye charts used and the scope of the initial studies, retrospective data are not considered robust enough to report efficacy outcomes. However, efficacy data from the prospective arm of LUMINOUS will be available in future publications. In conclusion, ranibiz... | 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2013-303232 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank ApotheCom , which is part of Huntsworth Health , for editorial support. LUMINOUS Steering Committee: Prof Dr Francesco Bandello , Department of Ophthalmology, University Vita-Salute Scientific Institute, San Raffaele, Milan, Italy ; Mr Christopher Brand , Royal Hal... | 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2013-303232 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Rainfall Sampling Close to our isotopic laboratory in Auzeville, 8 km southeast of Toulouse, a rainfall sampling was installed during June 2011. Its consist of a polypropylene funnel (22 cm diameter) covering a 5 L polypropylene jerrycan, containing 300 mL of paraffin oil to avoid any evaporation process. The rainfall ... | 10.3390/w5020617 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
cc-by | Rainfall Results The data were obtained between July 2011 and December 2012. The annual amount of rainfall for 2011 was 538 mm, and for 2012 it was 548 mm in the INRA station and around 20% over the amount values from Blagnac Airport station. These numbers are under the 30 years mean (CLINO period 1961-1990 [11] ), 67... | 10.3390/w5020617 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
cc-by | Acknowledgments We would like to thank Florent Barbecot ( University of Paris Sud ) and Stephan Terzer ( IAEA, Vienna ) for their advice for the rainfall isotope sampling, Romain Walker ( Ecolab ) for Figure 1 and Daniel Dalger ( Ecolab ) for help with the isotopic analysis. For the meteorological data, we are ... | 10.3390/w5020617 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
cc-by | Data on neutrino oscillation often involve reconstructed neutrino energies while the analysis implies the real neutrino energy. The corrections corresponding to the transformation from real to reconstructed energy are discussed in the case of Cherenkov detectors where multinucleon events appear as quasielastic ones. Th... | 10.1103/physrevd.87.013009 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | This inclusion in the analysis of the MiniBooNE neutrino data should improve the compatibility with the existing constraints. | 10.1103/physrevd.87.013009 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | Here one deals with a short baseline experiments, L = 541 m, and the grounds for describing these oscillations are not as established. Short baseline oscillation phenomena, if they exist, involve sterile neutrinos with large values of the ∆m 2 , in the eV 2 range. But this value, hence the electron neutrinos energy dis... | 10.1103/physrevd.87.013009 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | As an illustration we compare in Fig. 5 the smeared curve with the T2K best fit, which has a mass value ∆m 2 32 = 2. 65 10 -3 eV 2 and the unsmeared curve with the best fit value ∆m 2 32 = 2. 43 10 -3 eV 2 of Ref. [16]. The equivalence only holds in the first peak region but it is likely to that the inclusion of the r... | 10.1103/physrevd.87.013009 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | The influence of the smearing effect on the data, which goes in the right direction to account for the low energy anomaly, is the main message of our study of the MiniBooNE data and it should have an influence in the analysis of the data. This being said, there is an additional problem which naturally comes to mind: th... | 10.1103/physrevd.87.013009 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | In all instances the introduction of the smearing effect should improve the fit to the neutrino MiniBooNE data and its compatibility with the constraints from other sources. | 10.1103/physrevd.87.013009 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | Acknowledgments We are grateful to Carlo Giunti and Raymond Stora for interesting discussions. We also thank Geralyn Zeller for useful information on the MiniBooNE data analysis. One of us (M. M. ) acknowledges the hospitality of the CERN theory division where part of this work was done. This work was partially s... | 10.1103/physrevd.87.013009 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | The twelve NP2 T spectra were imported into the MALDI BioTyper software (version 2. 0, Bruker) and analyzed by standard pattern matching (with default parameter settings) against the main spectra of 4, 706 bacteria, including spectra from one validly published species of Nosocomiicoccus, used as reference data in the B... | 10.4056/sigs.4378121 | article | en | 2,013 | true | true | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Genome project history The organism was selected for sequencing on the basis of its phylogenetic position and 16S rRNA similarity to other members of the genus Nosocomiicoccus, and is part of a "culturomics" study of the human digestive flora aiming at isolating all bacterial species within human feces. It was the firs... | 10.4056/sigs.4378121 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Genome annotation Open Reading Frames (ORFs) were predicted using Prodigal [38] with default parameters but the predicted ORFs were excluded if they were spanning a sequencing gap region. The predicted bacterial protein sequences were searched against the GenBank database [39] and the Clusters of Orthologous Groups... | 10.4056/sigs.4378121 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Such parameter thresholds have already been used in previous works to define ORFans. To estimate the mean level of nucleotide sequence similarity at the genome level between N. massiliensis and three other members of the family Staphylococcaceae (Table 6 ), we used the Average Genomic Identity of Orthologous gene Sequ... | 10.4056/sigs.4378121 | article | en | 2,013 | true | true | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Genome comparison of Nosocomiicoccus massiliensis with Macrococcus caseolyticus, Staphylococcus pseudointermedius and Salinicoccus albus We compared the genome of N. massiliensis strain NP2 T , with those of M. caseolyticus strain JCSC5402 (GenBank accession number NC_011999) and S. pseudointermedius strain ED 99 (NC_0... | 10.4056/sigs.4378121 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Cells are susceptible to amoxicillin, imipenem, rifampicin, vancomycin doxycycline and gentamicin but resistant to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, metronidazole and ciprofloxacine. The G+C content of the genome is 36. 40%. The 16S rRNA and genome sequences are deposited in Genbank under accession numbers JX424771 and CA... | 10.4056/sigs.4378121 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Acknowledgements The authors thank the Xegen company for automating the genome annotation process. The work was funded by the Mediterranee-Infection foundation. | 10.4056/sigs.4378121 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | The use of human urine as a diagnostic tool has many advantages, such as ease of sample acquisition and noninvasiveness. However, the discovery of novel biomarkers, as well as biomarker patterns, in urine is hindered mainly by a lack of comparable datasets. To fill this gap, we assembled a new urinary fingerprint datab... | 10.1155/2013/760208 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | These studies have used methodologies ranging from traditional 2D gel electrophoresis alone [11] or coupled with mass spectrometry (2-DE-MS) [12] , immunohistochemistry [13] , liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) [14] , and surface enhanced laser desorption ionisation-time of flight mass spectrometry (S... | 10.1155/2013/760208 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | More recently, a urinary database, combining chromatographic reverse-phase retention times and m/z values, has been established [20]. The Mosaiques database [21, 22] consists of naturally occurring protein and peptide patterns detected by capillary electrophoresis MS (CE-MS) from more than 3600 individuals, covering... | 10.1155/2013/760208 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | The main advantages of the SELDI technology are its ease of use including little or no sample preparation, high reproducibility, high volume throughput in a minimum of time, with proven methodology over time for the numerous diseases studied, whereas MELDI might require further development before it can be generally ap... | 10.1155/2013/760208 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Materials and Methods 2. 1. Urine Samples. Urine samples were obtained from 86 cancer patients, 93 noncancer controls, and 21 patients with a previous history of cancer but were diagnosed as cancer-free 6 to 18 months after resectional surgery. Summary participant demographics are shown in Table 1 , and full details a... | 10.1155/2013/760208 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | All urine samples were stored at -40 ∘ C. 2. 2. SELDI-TOF MS. 0. 1 mL human urine was applied directly to preconditioned SELDI ProteinChip arrays (Bio-Rad Laboratories Inc. ) (NP20, H50, SEND, Q10, CM10 and IMAC30), as recommended by the manufacturer, in a ProteinChip bioprocessor and incubated with 0. 1 mL binding buf... | 10.1155/2013/760208 | article | en | 2,013 | true | true | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Files were exported in ". xml" format. All spectra were processed using the expression difference mapping (EDM) wizard in the ProteinChip Data Manager software (BioRad Laboratories Inc. ) with a signal-to-noise-ratio cutoff of 5%, 3% valley depth, and a cluster mass window of 0. 2% m/z. | 10.1155/2013/760208 | article | en | 2,013 | true | true | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | 500 13. 000 13. 500 Table 1 : General overview of the study cohort. 200 patient urine specimens were analysed in this study, derived from 93 healthy individuals (control), 86 cancer patients (cancer), and urine samples from 21 cancer patients 6 months to 1. 5 years after surgery (followup). The cancertypes of the 86 c... | 10.1155/2013/760208 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | The database structure also allows the storage and retrieval of information relating to the MS environment, pre-and subfractionation methods, chromatography setups, studied diseases, and other data. Peak-specific data, such as identified biomarker, statistical information, and, if known, identified proteins, are provid... | 10.1155/2013/760208 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | for download in ". xml" format from the PADB website at http://www. PADB. org/. Initial literature data mining led to the identification of 29 additional urinary datasets, which were incorporated into our database (Table 3 ). These sets are based on several MS platforms, ranging from SELDI and MALDI to CE-MS and CE-MA... | 10.1155/2013/760208 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | This number should continue to rise over time. Additionally, the UPdb database is part of the Proteomic Analysis DataBase (PADB) initiative, and a full integration, as well as development of specific analysis and retrieval tools, is envisaged. | 10.1155/2013/760208 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Conclusions UPdb is accessible and downloadable through the PADB initiative at http://www. PADB. org/updb/updb. html. This platform should be used as a global resource to share and exchange primary data derived from SELDI-, MALDI-, MELDI-, CE-, LC-, and other TOF-MS analyses in urinary research. We encourage other labo... | 10.1155/2013/760208 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Current number of entries in UPdb by source. All current entries in the UPdb database were tallied based on the MS technique used. The number of detected urinary peaks together with the covered mass range, the median m/z, the disease areas studied, the number of identified proteins, and the number of datasets retrieved... | 10.1155/2013/760208 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Background: Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of the most important pathogens responsible for nosocomial outbreaks worldwide. Epidemiological analyses are useful in determining the extent of an outbreak and in elucidating the sources and the spread of infections. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiological ... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0061428 | article | en | 2,013 | false | true | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Bacterial Identification Using MALDI-TOF MS, all K. pneumoniae strains (100%) were identified with score values. 1. 9 using the Bruker Biotyper software. | 10.1371/journal.pone.0061428 | article | en | 2,013 | false | true | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Data Mining Analysis of Klebsiella pneumoniae MSP Dendrogram The MSP dendrogram revealed five distinct clusters according to an arbitrary cut-off at the distance level of 500 (Figure 1 ). Data mining analysis of the five clusters using PASW 17. 0 software showed that K. pneumoniae strains isolated in Algerian hospital... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0061428 | article | en | 2,013 | false | true | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | 0001)). The monthly distribution of K. pneumoniae strains for the January 2008 -March 2011 period was determined by PASW 17. 0 software according to clusters. Strains from Angers and Algerian hospitals were significantly correlated with winter (January-March) (p,0. 0001), whereas, strains from Marseille hospital were a... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0061428 | article | en | 2,013 | false | true | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Furthermore, these molecular methods are costly and timeconsuming to obtain results and introduce delays when attempting to limit the spread of K. pneumoniae clones [36]. For instance, only a few hours are required to obtain results by MALDI-TOF MS, whereas several days are necessary to collect MLST data [37]. In add... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0061428 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Conclusion We believe that our preliminary results should be expanded and confirmed with more strains obtained from different countries. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that analyzes the epidemiology of a large series of K. pneumoniae clinical isolates using MALDI-TOF MS application. We suggest th... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0061428 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Klebsiella pneumoniae Identification using MALDI-TOF MS Isolates were plated on Trypticase Soy Agar (BioMerieux) and incubated for 24 h at 37uC. One single colony from each isolate was deposited on a MALDI-TOF MTP 384 target plate (Bruker Daltonics, Bremen, Germany) in four replicates to minimize random effects. Two mi... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0061428 | article | en | 2,013 | false | true | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | 0 (Bruker Daltonics), automatically acquired spectra with fuzzy control of the laser intensity and analyzed them by standard pattern matching against the spectra of 2881 species used as reference data. After comparing the unknown spectra with all reference spectra in the database, the log scores were ranked. Values of.... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0061428 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Clustering of MALDI-TOF Spectra A consensus spectrum was produced, and an MSP dendrogram was constructed using the correlation distance measure with the average linkage algorithm setting of the Biotyper 2. 0 software. Clusters were then detailed and analyzed according to arbitrary distance levels at 500, 180 and 100. | 10.1371/journal.pone.0061428 | article | en | 2,013 | false | true | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Statistical Analysis Clinical and epidemiological data were recorded in an Excel file (Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA), including the clustering obtained using the MSP dendrogram generated by the Biotyper software (version 2; Bruker Daltonics), and were analyzed using PASW Statistics software version 17. 0 (SPSS Inc. , Ch... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0061428 | article | en | 2,013 | true | true | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Multilocus Sequence Typing Randomly, 28 strains distributed in the five clusters were selected to perform the full MLST as described previously using seven housekeeping genes, including gapA, infB, mdh, pgi, phoE, rpoB and tonB [34]. The MLST database for K. pneumoniae can be found at http://www. pasteur. fr. Based on... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0061428 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Vietnam, for instance, has a broad range of organizations which are affiliated with the party-state and officially classified as civil society organizations (CSOs) (Bach Tan Sinh, in this volume) and, at 51 per cent of eligible women, has the highest membership in women's groups worldwide (primarily because of its hi... | 10.4324/9781315885407 | book | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Social Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/33 |
cc-by | Acknowledgement of dam impacts Through the community network's advocacy efforts, the Vietnamese and Cambodian governments eventually acknowledged that the Yali-Falls Dam has caused negative impacts downstream. According to Trandem (2008: 111-12) , the first recognition came in the form of a verbal apology at a Novembe... | 10.4324/9781315885407 | book | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Social Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/33 |
cc-by | Acknowledgements The book is first and foremost a product of its authors, who conducted fieldwork in the context of various research projects and assignments and made an additional effort to contribute the respective chapters. The Fritz Thyssen Foundation generously granted funding for the writeshop and some editoria... | 10.4324/9781315885407 | book | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Social Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/33 |
cc-by | Acknowledgments The authors wish to thank the two anonymous reviewers, Ólafur Rögnvaldsson for useful comments to the manuscript and Anak Bhandari for his technical support during the field campaign. In addition Ingebjørg Aarvik , Marco Häberle , Iris Hestnes and Trine Jonassen assisted in the preparation of ... | 10.3402/tellusa.v65i0.20951 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
cc-by | Termination efficiency measurements We used the RIIIG (pFAB763) measurement device to observe and estimate TE values from fluorescence measurements. We screened for and established a reference control sequence that resulted in highest expression of the downstream gfp yet did not itself initiate transcription [Equation ... | 10.1093/nar/gkt163 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors thank Morgan Price , the Joint BioEnergy Institute (JBEI) staff, and Arkin laboratory members. | 10.1093/nar/gkt163 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
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