ids stringlengths 36 36 | texts stringlengths 1 1.43k |
|---|---|
d2765c42-d21a-47bb-bf97-fc007d2b08d5 | Referring in particular to proper accommodation for the parents who are waiting, I would call your attention to the fact that in many of your modern schools it would be an advantage to entertain providing better accommodation than obtains at the present time. The time has come when, together with your Architects, your Medical Officers should be permitted to draw up a design which may be considered an essential minimum and that all schools should be designed or re-designed to meet this obligatory minimum. (4) MEDICAL INSPECTION. The age groups inspected are those laid down by the Board of Education. The arrangements by which these inspections are carried out are the same as in previous years. The time has come when medical inspection plays a far more important part that it has done heretofore. In the beginning, routine medical inspection had for its primary object the census of the health of children of school-age, to enable local authorities to form some conception of the tasks which lay before them, and their magnitude. |
50cb4f33-c561-444b-9f89-dad81b6cdf42 | Generally speaking, routine medical inspection has now completed its first great work of showing the various tasks which must be approached if the health of the school-child is to be safeguarded and maintained. Ancillary services to this end have already been set up so that the routine inspection of school-children, whilst still maintaining its essential principles of investigation, has today the added necessity of watching the operation of the ancillary services—referring children to special departments, and then, after treatment has been completed, closing if possible, the note on the defect, with the happy statement that all is now satisfactory. 104 In addition, today there are nutrition surveys and there should, of course, be other special surveys from time to time as necessity arises, or alternatively if there are no nutrition surveys then routine medical inspections should be more numerous than they have been in the past. It is unnecessary further to labour the fact that medical inspection does play a far more important part today than it did twenty years ago and that arrangements which were more or less adequate in those early days are now hopelessly out of date. |
fa6e8972-92dc-4682-827d-c188056e6916 | The following table shows the number of children examined at school at routine and special inspections during 1935, classified according to the schools attended, the number of inspections held in each school, and the number of parents or guardians present:— School. No. of Inspection Sessions. Numbers Inspected. No. of Parents present (Routine and Special Exams.) Routines and Specials. Re-Exams. |
f8157b12-24b1-4417-8041-574d4701b2e6 | Bifrons 22 598 239 189 Cambell 63 1279 836 722 Church of England 14 253 171 88 Dawson 32 556 440 406 Dorothy Barley 43 753 672 594 Eastbury 23 568 219 295 Erkenwald 30 668 353 267 Gascoigne 25 625 269 371 Monteagle 38 653 504 516 Northbury 24 625 199 381 Park Modern 8 132 99 95 Ripple 26 490 352 399 Roding 39 666 491 497 St. Ethelburga's 7 181 60 29 St. |
cdf86c3f-3f00-41cd-837d-31cccd303b9a | Joseph's 6 110 49 75 Westbury 28 449 440 328 Totals 428 8,606 5,393 5,252 Of the 8,606 examinations at ordinary elementary schools, 6,071 were routine examinations of children in the specified age groups, which figure may be compared with 3,315 for the previous year. In addition, there were 824 routine examinations of children of ages outside the three specified age groups, and 1,711 examinations of children specially referred to your Medical Officers. 113 WOODWARD CLINIC WOODWARD ROAD. 114 A doctor is in attendance every day at these Clinics and the nursing service is provided by the Plaistow Maternity Hospital and District Nurses' Home. The whole question as to the adequacy of the present nursing service available is at present before you for your consideration, and if this service is to stand the increasing work which is being placed upon it, the question of staff will be found an important one. |
c1d80c7a-de2e-48eb-af62-4b1e597429ce | The question of nursing staff for the treatment of minor ailments is linked up with the nursing staff for other activities maintained by the Education Committee and by other Services of the Corporation. The treatment of Ringworm of the Scalp is still undertaken by Dr. W. J. O'Donovan at the London Hospital. Under this arrangement 8 school-children were treated during the year. A summary of the work of the Clinics is included in the following tables:— (a) Minor Ailments Clinics. Central Clinic. Woodward Clinic. 1934 1935 1934 1935 No. of days clinic was open 354 352 321 330 Total No. of attendances 14,414 18,425 16,578 19,236 Daily average attendance 40.7 52.3 51.6 58.3 No. of cases treated 2,572 2,218 2,182 2,117 (b) All Clinics. Clinic. |
e1cbd0a2-f75e-452b-89e9-470ffa9520fa | No. of first attendances of school children. Total No. of attendances of school children. Minor Ailments:— 1934 1935 1934 1935 (a) Central 2,572 3,031 14,414 18,425 (b) Woodward 2,182 3,650 16,578 19,236 Ophthalmic 384 832 1,607 2,144 Dental 2,671 3,817 7,220 7,951 Orthopaedic FOR EXAMINATION 112 118 2,250 477 FOR TREATMENT 162 194 2,004 Diphtheria Immunisation 13 96 46 407 115 (d) Visual Defects and External Eye Disease.—The most remarkable step achieved during the year 1935 was the appointment of a Consulting Ophthalmic Surgeon, Mr. |
38cf562a-f447-4c2c-b266-26809bd7102f | W. A. Gray, F.R.C.S., of 137, Harley Street, W.1, and of Queen Mary's Hospital, Stratford, E.15. Mr. W. A. Gray took up his appointment under the Corporation on the 14th May, 1936. This side of your work is now on a thoroughly satisfactory basis. Save only with reference to the treatment of squint, this service you have provided during the year has been strictly comparable with the out-patient department of a large hospital or the out-patient department of a large London hospital, and this question of the treatment of squint is at the present time before you. Next year, I confidently hope to be able to tell you that this treatment is being carried out on lines comparable with work of the out-patient departments of our best hospitals. A report on the work of the Ophthalmic Clinics, from the time he commenced duty until the end of the year, has been prepared by Mr. |
ce3c3a76-271b-4bfe-9c7b-b8baf6857e84 | Gray, and will be found on pages 142-144. 767 cases of visual defect were dealt with under the Authority's Scheme. Of this number 593 were provided with spectacles. These figures compare with 384 and 335 respectively for the previous year, and show the strides which have been made in this work. The relatively larger number of cases not provided with spectacles is an indication of other eye defects which are now dealt with satisfactorily in your own Clinics. With reference to the necessity, or otherwise, of providing special schools or classes for myopic children, I would like to say personally, from the general standpoint, that I never recommend any child who would, of necessity, have to sell his labour in the ordinary markets, to be educated in any other than an ordinary elementary school, unless the circumstances demand that he must be educated in a special school. Arising out of correspondence I have had with Mr. |
7bae11e4-d3a1-4b9a-896c-bc5fbf383ab3 | Gray on this matter he wrote on the 3rd March, 1936:— "I do not think there are enough cases of progressive myopia in Barking to need a special class. So far as I have been able to judge the present system of limiting near work—sewing, reading, etc.—has worked well. This limitation of near work is, of course, quite consistent with ordinary classes and is, in the main, directed to out-of-school reading, e.g., library books, etc." 116 This advice by Mr. Gray must, of course, be subject to revision in the light of fuller experience. The Optician approved by the Authority carried out a number of minor repairs to spectacles which had already been provided. Cases of external eye disease, such as conjunctivitis and blepharitis, are treated at the Authority's Minor Ailments Clinics. 447 cases were thus treated during the year as compared with 338 during 1934. |
ffd0e316-bd77-4b45-9265-66db5761f24d | During the year, there was one operation for squint which was carried out by private arrangement at the Royal London Ophthalmic Hospital, Moorfields, E.C.I. (e) Nose and Throat Defects.—The treatment of nose and throat defects remains as in previous years. Whereas, when Barking was much smaller our arrangements with Hospitals for treatment were satisfactory, the time has come when, together with the other Services of the Corporation, you may well entertain the appointment of a Consultant in this branch of your work. This Consultant would not only study the problem among school-children and carry out any necessary treatment, but he would also be the Consultant at the Barking Hospital and would, amongst toddlers, carry out the same work that he would for the children of school-age. I am persuaded that the treatment of catarrh of the upper air passages will materially benefit the children, and will lead to a diminution of those periods of absence from school which are due to what is commonly known as catarrh. |
98988ec1-d177-48c7-b6fa-1eb811342f10 | In Group III of Table IV on page 155 will be found a complete analysis of the ascertained results of the treatment of nose and throat defects. (f) Ear Disease and Defective Hearing.—The treatment of ear disease and defective hearing remains similar to last year, and what I have said for the further advances of the treatment of nose and throat defects applies equally to the treatment of ear disease and defective hearing. There can be little doubt that much of the money spent on education does not reap its fullest reward owing to minor degrees of deafness, and it is just these minor degrees which are most amenable to treatment. (g) Dental Defects.—The treatment of dental defects is dealt with specially in a part of this Report prepared by Mr. Foy, the Dental Surgeon. 117 During the year 1035 you have, together with the Public Health and Maternity and Child Welfare Committee, decided that a third dental officer is necessary. |
1ac574b5-56f3-4777-b05c-f7fabdf5f761 | I look forward in my next Annual Report to be able to record an increase in the scope of this important work. There can be no doubt that the treatment of dental defects is now recognised to be more important than it was at one time considered, but even yet sufficient importance is not attached to this branch of work. As and when the public realise how necessary it is for every child to leave school with clean and healthy teeth, that is as and when the increased demand for this service grows, I know that you will meet that demand. Speaking, however, from the standpoint of preventive medicine, I cannot help feeling that, side by side with this curative work, and even dominating the curative work, we ought to preach and teach the care of the teeth. Even now a very large number of people object to such things as fillings to save teeth, and are only willing for dental work to be carried out when extractions are needed. (h) Orthopcedic and Postural Defects.—Mr. |
288b0c9b-86cb-4445-a641-f556e26e692e | B. Whitchurch Howell, Orthopaedic Surgeon, attends at the Orthopaedic Clinic once a month and you have decided to employ a whole-time Masseuse instead of a part-time one. You have arrangements for children requiring surgical treatment to be received in Brookfield Hospital and other hospitals where orthopaedic surgery is carried out. A summary of the work done appears on pages 136 to 139, an analysis being given under Group IV of Table IV on page 155. (i) Heart Disease and Rheumatism.—The treatment of Heart Disease and Rheumatism is not in all respects satisfactory. To a certain extent this is because medical officers have not sufficient evidence on this important problem ; to a certain extent it is because the problem is a very difficult one indeed, and to a certain extent it is because the symptoms of Rheumatism are so vague and fleeting that the public do not appreciate the importance of the question. |
082388a5-2810-47c2-8a0c-4290a4d73622 | If only children suffering from Rheumatism had a rash like those who are suffering from Scarlet Fever the diagnosis would be easy, the attention of the public would be called dramatically, and I have no doubt that with a larger experience medical officers would know far more than they know today. Rheumatic Fever is allied to Scarlet Fever, but its signs are less distinguishing, and its results unfortunately are conspicuously worse. It is, I think, safe to say when once a child has suffered from Rheumatic Disease of the Heart 118 that such a child never completely recovers—there must always be a residual disability. In this somewhat gloomy picture there is the bright side—that you have made provision for a large number of special children at your Special School, and because this is so, these special children do get care and attention which would not otherwise be practicable. |
98ea499f-e7ed-4f48-8109-b6d212e7ba8a | I do, however, feel that here we have a problem which illustrates very fully the advantage of a Residential Open-Air School over a Day Open-Air School, because amongst other things these children should be under constant professional supervision, and wherever necessary accurate four-hourly temperature charts should be taken, and the child confined at times to bed in an atmosphere that does not suggest invalidity. I also trust the time will come when Rheumatic Fever will be looked upon for what it is, that is, an infectious disease capable of producing serious after-effects, and the more serious cases will be dealt with in your own Hospital. (j) Tuberculosis.—The appropriate Authority for the treatment of Tuberculosis is the Essex County Council. Their Tuberculosis Officer attends at the Chest Clinic, Linton Road, Barking. |
90c36713-a75a-4d22-9248-6f28867f37b7 | (k) Other Defects and Diseases.—As you will see from the tables, very full use is made of the Clinics you have established and children who present themselves, who do not come within their purview, are referred to local practitioners or a suitable hospital out-patient department. Ultra-Violet Light Treatment.—The treatment of children by ultra-violet light comes down to us as you know from the times of the ancient Greeks, who no doubt learned they needed it from early age. Since these days the introduction of lamps such as the mercury lamp enables us to graduate our doses with greater accuracy than heretofore, so that we are able to avoid that over-exposure, which is just as detrimental as too little ultra-violet light. A new lamp combining ultra-violet light with infra-red rays was installed at the Faircross Clinic in April of 1935. |
098da259-b906-49a3-96d1-87e685793580 | Up to the present time we have carried out this work by giving individual doses to separate children and not on the group system, which whilst it enables a number of cases to be undertaken at the same time cannot possibly give the desirable individual treatment to each child. Although the apparatus we have is satisfactory the accommodation for this work is poor and tends to decrease the usefulness of this work. I know you have this matter at present before you and trust it will not be long before you provide alternative and more suitable accommodation. 119 (8) INFECTIOUS DISEASES. |
9ee988a7-64f1-4e9b-be5b-6d34d3c86486 | The following table shows briefly the number of children notified and reported suffering from some of the commoner infectious diseases:— 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 Scarlet Fever 75 88 169 313 274 Diphtheria 128 43 71 247 174 Measles and German Measles 1 188 4 467 29 Chicken-pox 187 335 390 320 178 Whooping Cough 35 48 69 87 79 Mumps — 8 23 39 30 Where the attendance of a school falls below 60 per cent, and in the opinion of the Medical Officer this low attendance is directly due to the prevalence of infectious disease, the school sessions so affected are not counted in estimating the average attendance for the purpose of grant. During 1935 no certificates were granted for this purpose. |
2b4727ce-a503-4239-a1aa-43a703461b5d | The detection of infectious diseases among children of school-age, and the prevention of same, is attempted in Barking along lines of co-ordination, which are practicable in a town the size of Barking, perhaps more so than in larger communities. There is personal contact between the medical officers of your staff and medical men engaged in private practice, and the whole-time members of your staff have at all times access to and from time to time duties in your Infectious Diseases Hospital. In addition lists are supplied from the Director of Education of children who are of school-age and the reasons or alleged reasons for such absences from school. Your School Nurses and Sanitary Inspectors, whenever necessary, follow up these clues, and although one hundred per cent, efficiency cannot possibly be claimed— such would indeed be very costly, and also present a very serious interference to the domestic lives of the people of Barking—it may be said that in this way and in that a very reasonable measure of control is maintained over infectious diseases. |
b4c55b33-9748-42c0-b138-ae5ab0f637b1 | Barking, however, is a small part of a large area and there are continual movements of population to and fro. I am referring to daily travel, and to the relatively large movement of population so far as residence is concerned, and whilst these interchanges continue it is frankly impossible to talk very seriously of the possibility of stopping the spread of disease. 120 (9) OPEN-AIR EDUCATION. Open-Air Classrooms and Playground Classes.—Once more I must call attention to this particular problem which is related to your older schools rather than to your modern schools. These are, to all intents and purposes, built on open-air lines. The difficulty appears to be that of following a set curriculum both during the winter, with its inclement weather, and the summer when the open-air classes, etc., are possible. |
5fb7d790-75d2-4b58-9f44-e85e7f0df7ce | In your new schools you have broken away from the age-old tradition that study can only be undertaken in the shadows and seclusion of the cloisters but, of course, you have still many factory-type schools, and in these every attempt should be made to see that during the summer every lesson shall be taken in the open-air unless circumstances make it impossible to do so. School Journeys and Camps.—As you know, school camps are run very satisfactorily at Hainault Forest. During 1935, thirteen week-end camps were held in which 936 scholars participated. In addition to these, during the summer holidays there were two camps held at which children attended for a whole fortnight at a time. One hundred and forty-four children took part in these two camps. (10) PHYSICAL TRAINING. |
e9829752-7f05-4859-ae33-535f445c4a13 | (a) Physical Training.—In previous years I have to confess there was no organised physical training and whilst technically speaking this was so for 1935, I am happy to be able to forecast that for the next Annual Report it will be possible to advise you of the work the recently appointed physical training organisers will be undertaking in Barking. I should like to correlate my remarks on this subject with some others on the provision of meals and milk. A number of children who take part in competitive games with credit and distinction to themselves and their schools, have at one time or another been in receipt of free meals. It must be a matter of satisfaction to the Committee to find that these children, whom they have looked after, are able to compete, and that successfully, with children who from many standpoints are looked upon as more fortunately placed. More and more, I am happy to state, physical exercises are being undertaken in suitable clothing. |
fef211cd-6316-4c4c-afbd-ff34b84ad364 | This movement is in the right direction and will, I am sure, extend under the able and enthusiastic leadership of your educationalists who are so up to date in this matter. 121 In this bright picture, however, there is one dark spot, and that is you have not provided-proper bathing facilities except in one or two of your schools. Physical exercises among the ordinary boys, which include just that proper degree of rough and tumble, makes subsequent bathing a necessary refinement, or perhaps I may be permitted to say from my standpoint an obligatory measure. Amongst the older girls, and indeed amongst many of the younger children, bathing should be looked upon as a natural finale to physical exercises. May I hope this matter will be one to which you will give your earnest attention ? |
b767474d-53cd-4451-b2f3-3854ca99d07d | (b) Swimming.—With reference to swimming, I have previously stated that I look upon it as an excellent form of physical exercise, and in addition, it is an opportunity for teachers to see the children unclothed, and to form a better opinion than they otherwise could, of the degree of physical training required in individual cases. (c) Boxing.—With reference to boxing, the Secretary of the Barking Schools' Sports Association refers all boys who have been selected for bouts in the boxing tournaments for a medical inspection previous to such contests. The whole of the work is undertaken by the Association with meticulous care. Your medical officers, where practicable, attend at these contests, and confirm or correct their findings in the light of their own personal knowledge of how the boys stand the strain of these interesting contests. (d) Facilities for Other Sports and Games.—Much has been done, and very much more is being done in Barking in this connection, but it still remains for you to safeguard its future. |
bd2868f5-5a8f-4a71-a3ab-76435adf088b | There can be no doubt that soon all the land adjoining the Boundary of Barking to the West, North and East will be covered by buildings in East Ham, Ilford and Dagenham, so that Barking to all intents and purposes will be hedged in, whereas but a few years ago it had a relatively large acreage of vegetable gardens and other natural open spaces. With London extending so distant as Hornchurch, and with the event of the Thameside Development, it is imperative that young and adolescent persons should have ample accommodation at home for healthy recreation. Particularly, I would call attention to the need for open playing grounds at some distance from the schools themselves, so that exercises may be undertaken freely with no thought of attendant noise interfering with the ordinary class-work of the children. 122 School No. of children who remain at school for mid-day meal Whether facilities exist for heating of children's meals Whether facilities exist for the drying of children's clothes and boots Bifrons—Senior Boys — — Cloakrooms heated (in winter only). |
a60c7ef5-9942-4dfc-bce5-c88dd14d2166 | Senior Girls — Yes, at domestic science centre. ” Cambell—Senior Boys — No ” Senior Girls — Yes, at domestic science centre. ” Junior Mixed — No ” Infants — ” ” C. of E.—Boys — ” School fires (in winter only). Girls — ” ” Infants — ” ” Dawson—Junior Boys 19 ” Cloakrooms heated (in winter only). Junior Girls 18 ” ” Infants — ” ” Dorothy Barley— Junior Boys 1 ” ” Junior Girls — ” ” Infants — ” ” Eastbury—Senior Boys — ” ” Senior Girls — Yes, at domestic science centre. Yes, at domestic science centre. Cloakrooms heated (in winter only). Infants 12 No Erkenwald—Senior Boys — ff ” Senior Girls — Yes, at domestic science centre. Yes, at domestic science centre. Cloakrooms heated (in winter only). Faircross—Mixed All children stay at school for mid-day meal, the food being supplied from Municipal Kitchen. |
7f8b3048-f097-4c18-b6ce-e771afc93da6 | Yes Yes Gascoigne—Senior Boys — No School fires and central heating (in winter only). Junior Mixed — ” ” Infants — ” ” Monteagle—Junior Boys — ” Cloakrooms heated (in winter only). Junior Girls — ” ” Infants — ” ” 123 School No. of children who remain at school for mid-day meal Whether facilities exist for heating of children's meals Whether facilities exist for the drying of children's clothes and boots Northbury—Senior Girls - No School fires and central heating (in winter only). Junior Mixed - ” ” Infants - ” ” Park Modern—Senior Mixed 80-100 Yes, at domestic science centre. Cloakrooms heated (in winter only). Ripple—Junior Boys — No ” Junior Girls — ” ” Infants — ” ” Roding—Junior Boys — ” ” Junior Girls — ” ” Infants 90-100 ” ” St. Joseph's—Infants Junior Mixed 5 Yes School fires and central heating (in winter only). St. |
de45c362-207b-418a-b103-62513796a862 | Ethelburga's— Senior Mixed 20 No ” Westbury—Junior Boys - ” ” Junior Girls - ” ” Infants - ” ” (11) PROVISION OF MEALS AND MILK. (a) Meals.—Free meals are provided daily in necessitous cases. During the year 1935, 112, 125 meals were provided, and the following table shows the numbers of free meals which have been provided during the past six years :— 1930 31,556 1931 46,803 1932 74,531 1933 135,726 1934 113,173 1935 112,125 The Table on pages 122-123 summarises the arrangements which exist where mid-day meals are taken at schools. 124 It will be noticed that facilities exist at some schools for the heating of meals, and where the children are supervised during meal-times. The table also shows what arrangements there are for the drying of children's clothes and boots. |
b6c9dc05-56f8-46f3-9faa-dc10ed611777 | During the year, a lot has been heard of the selection of school-children for free meals. It may perhaps suffice, if I state I am happy to record that heretofore the aims of your activities have been the prevention of malnutrition, and that I hope, at a not far distant time, it will not be necessary to look upon these from any other aspect. Personally, I believe that money spent on the special nutrition surveys which have been talked about, could more profitably be spent on shortening the intervals at which ordinary inspections are undertaken. Once more I would like to put on record the measure of co-operation there is in Barking. Doctors, Health Visitors, School Nurses and Sanitary Inspectors, all form one large but not too large family, and on the other hand the School Attendance and Investigation Officers, under the direction of Mr. |
04dea580-2096-4e63-b497-acea85ce5f27 | Compton, are in the closest contact with these officers, so that altogether there is always a unit at the disposal of head-teachers and others who are responsible for seeing that children who may or do require free meals are brought within the purview of the Services you have provided to this end. (b) Milk.—In addition to free meals as such, free milk is given in certain cases and in this way 44,100 bottles of milk were distributed during 1935. The milk provided is subject, from time to time, to bacteriological and other analysis, and during the year has been found invariably of standard quality. In my last Annual Report I dealt with this subject from two or three aspects, and find it unnecessary to add to what I wrote on that occasion. (12) CO-OPERATION OF PARENTS, TEACHERS, SCHOOL ATTENDANCE OFFICERS AND VOLUNTARY BODIES. |
8a2d8736-fedc-4cdd-b504-13ddf279bc8e | I have already referred to the large measure of co-ordination which has been achieved in Barking by the ready co-operation of the various officers, etc., who are interested in the health of school-children. I can only repeat how much, personally, I owe to the head-teachers and their staffs, and to the other officers who, working together, have enabled the work to be carried out, not only with a measure of success, but also with that smoothness of running which is an indication of efficiency. 125 Once again I would wish to put on record the expression of my personal indebtedness to my medical colleagues in general practice who have, at no small inconvenience to themselves, on numerous occasions helped in cases which have shown some medical or social difficulty. The ready co-operation which has been received on all hands has enhanced the value of your serv ices, and has made the part your officers have to play in them far easier than it could possibly be without this help. |
33fa6083-05c2-4608-9d97-e949def74ba7 | The National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children still continues to carry out its valuable work. That there is not more work for them to do is a tribute to the services you yourselves have set up. However efficient yours and similar services may be, I think there is still room for this valuable National Society, which stands in a peculiarly favoured position and is able to step in where officials find themselves in some difficulty. On account of the Services you yourselves have set up and the measure of success you have achieved, it must of necessity obtain that cases not dealt with by you and referred to the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children are of some considerable difficulty ; so that although the cases dealt with by them are not large in number they are of some considerable importance. |
4699d0ea-0404-486e-ae8f-c294f77542da | The following table shows the work which has been undertaken by the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children during the last four years:— 1932 1933 1934 1935 Total number of cases investigated 16 33 24 35 (a) Prosecutions nil nil nil nil (b) Warnings 13 24 18 29 (c) Otherwise dealt with 3 9 6 6 (d) Supervisory visits 97 133 131 180 (e) Cases closed as satisfactory 12 25 17 29 (13) BLIND, DEAF, DEFECTIVE AND EPILEPTIC CHILDREN. |
99f1fa84-2515-4d26-b68a-0dd71f3e4909 | The following table shows the number of children who have attended at the Faircross Special School in the Open-Air, Physically Defective and Mentally Defective Sections—and, in addition, in other parts of the report will be found figures as to how many children have been admitted to the Brookfield Orthopaedic Hospital and elsewhere for orthopaedic conditions:—- 126 Open-Air Section Physically Defective Section Mentally Defective Section No. on Register on 31.12.34 84 40 76 No. admitted during 1935 60 9 18 No. discharged during 1935 47 18 15 No. on Register on 31.12.35 97 31 79 Hereunder are particulars of the number of children maintained by the Authority in special schools outside the district as at December 31st, 1935:— Particulars of School. No. of Cases. |
ba3fe870-fc19-4613-afdc-edd259c09845 | (a) Certified School for the Blind: East Anglian School for the Blind (Residential), Gorleston 1 (b) Certified School for the Deaf: Frederick Road Deaf Centre (Day), West Ham 10 (c) Certified School for Physically Defective Children: St. Patrick's Open-Air School (Residential), Hayling Island 1 (d) Certified School for Epileptic Children : Lingfield Epileptic Colony (Residential), Lingfield 1 Where children are found to be so defective mentally as not to be able to receive any useful instruction in a special school or class they are notified to the County Council. |
6a871aff-fe04-4519-8cb6-f3a38d387b37 | The following table gives information in respect of medical inspection at the Faircross Special School during the year 1935:— ]Number of inspection sessions 27 Number of children inspected :— (a) Routines 83 (b) Specials 43 (c) Re-examinations 382 508 Number of defects referred:— (a) For treatment 37 (6) For observation 19 56 Number of defects found treated 31 Number of parents present at inspections 278 127 (14) FULL-TIME COURSES OF HIGHER EDUCATION FOR BLIND, DEAF, DEFECTIVE AND EPILEPTIC STUDENTS. The Local Education Authority do not maintain any courses of training for Blind, Deaf, Defective and Epileptic students. (15) NURSERY SCHOOLS. There are no nursery schools in Barking. The problem of nursery schools is one I have dealt with in previous Reports and I find there is nothing to add to the remarks then made. |
1af97278-f6fe-47c1-895c-92313055cede | (16) SECONDARY SCHOOLS AND OTHER INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION. Secondary education is maintained in Barking by the County Council, but the dental inspection and treatment of the children in attendance at the Barking Abbey School is undertaken by you at a certain charge. This work has been much appreciated, and its success indicates the urgent need there is for the medical and other allied services you provide to be extended to these children. It is obvious that a compact and progressive town such as Barking has a different system of administration from the County, and is in a position to afford facilities which would be difficult, if not impossible, for the County Authority to provide. |
3dd1ab47-a5a0-40e6-b483-c3add8c15f1d | Further, the children in attendance at the Barking Abbey School come largely, if not altogether, from the same homes as those children who attend your own schools, and in the past if a child with a distinguished career at school has won a place at the Barking Abbey School he has thereby been cut off from the services which are available to the age of 14 years to those who do not achieve success. (17) PARENTS' PAYMENTS. From time to time you have had under consideration arrangements for the recovery of cost of treatment from parents of children attending public elementary schools. Certain alterations have been made during the year 1935. 128 (18) HEALTH EDUCATION. When dealing with one section of my Report, which has to do with the dental services, I stressed the need there is for health education, and there can be no doubt that education, particularly in the case of children, is the keynote of preventive medicine. |
c4f49eea-c5fb-40e4-9ab6-3f345ce35add | As I pointed out in previous years, I do not believe so much in special lessons in health as that as many lessons as possible should be given with a bias in the direction of health, and that by routine, healthy habits should be formed in the scholars. Much has been done in the general standard of cleanliness, so much so indeed, that the outstanding cases of uncleanliness are more and more obvious. The idea of coming to school with unclean teeth should be impossible, and the cleanliness of the body and feet should be looked upon as more important than the cleanliness of the hands and face. Regular habits as I have stated in a previous Report should be looked upon as essential. It will be, I think, recognised on all hands that correct habits, once formed, are far more important than such rudimental knowledge as it is possible for your highly trained teachers, even with the very best will in the world, to inculcate into children of minor years. (19) SPECIAL INQUIRIES. |
a1294f8b-1932-4fac-a24e-086075c38df4 | A perusal of this Report will, I think, convince anyone that there is a large amount of material being handled which should, if time were available, lead to such research as would help you materially in laying your plans for the future, and that with the staff you have available at the present there is naturally not enough time to get through the ordinary routine work let alone for them to be engaged in special enquiries, without which progress cannot be maintained. I am of opinion that the time for earnest research is now ripe and that every important and progressive Local Authority should set aside definitely a service to undertake that research which is the only proper foundation for future achievement. I do hope that by securing an adequate staff with continuity of service, we shall be able in Barking to meet the hundred and one problems which are facing school medical services at the present time. I would wish to emphasise that the clinical work in the school medical service is so important that every effort should be made to secure continuity of service. |
dc8549b2-4958-433d-b764-d968a160123d | It is only continuous service which leads to sound judgment and it is only this sound judgment which in turn leads to fuller development along economic lines. (20) MISCELLANEOUS. (a) Examination of Teachers.—During the year, 42 medical examinations were carried out of applicants for teaching posts under the Local Authority. 129 I am persuaded there are serious grounds for suggesting the necessity of co-ordinating the medical examination of entrants to Training Colleges with those of other examinations. (b) Part-time Employment of School-children.—Milk and newspaper deliveries, general errands, etc., are the usual forms of employment of children. In accordance with the byelaws of the Education Authority, 24 applicants of school-age submitted themselves for examination prior to employment. Of this number 21 were passed as being medically fit for employment. (c) After-employment.—In September, 1935, the Board of Education issued Administrative Memorandum No. 137 dealing with the question of co-operation between the School Medical Service and Juvenile Employment and Advisory Committees. |
b1d2a675-056b-44e7-b552-64af021fb5b8 | The Board requested that procedure should be initiated whereby the Juvenile Employment Officer should be advised as to the specific unsuitability of certain children for particular types of work, this information being made available by your medical officers at the last routine examination of the children. Up to the end of 1935 the following recommendations by your medical officers were forwarded to the Juvenile Employment Officer:— 37 Children unsuitable for severe manual work. 1 „ ,, „ sedentary occupation. 28 „ „ „ exposure to bad weather. 50 „ ,, „ work in a dusty atmosphere. 5 „ ,, „ work near moving machinery. 14 „ „ „ work involving prolonged standing. 12 „ „ „ work causing eye strain. 27 „ ,, „ work requiring acute distant vision. 7 „ „ „ work requiring acute hearing. The above recommendations relate to 114 school-children. SERVICES PROVIDED FOR SCHOOL CHILDREN. Boots Free boots are provided in certain necessitous cases. |
1c23f2ea-92b5-404e-935d-1d35ddad9353 | Camps Week-end camps are held every week-end during the summer months, and in addition two holiday camps, each of a fortnight's duration, are held during the summer holidays. 130 Cleansing ... ... ... Special soap is issued from the Minor Ailments Clinics and special combs are loaned, on payment of a deposit. In certain cases, arrangements are made for the children to be cleansed at the Clinic by the School Nurses. Dental Treatment ... Dental treatment—including orthodontic treatment— is carried out daily at the Corporation's Clinics in Vicarage Drive and Woodward Road. Dinners ... ... ... Free dinners are provided for children attending school, where the family income is below a certain scale. Diphtheria Immunisation Immunisation against Diphtheria is carried out at the Central Clinic. No charge is made for this treatment. |
318bf8c0-8740-4fd4-8d1a-3a22780bb612 | Medical Inspection ... Arrangements are made for each child to be medically examined at school three times during the period of school life, and at such other times as the medical officer considers necessary. Milk ... ... ... * One-third of a pint of milk is supplied daily to children attending school on payment of one halfpenny per day. Where the family income is below a certain scale and where the medical officer considers milk desirable on medical grounds, no charge is made. Minor Ailments ... ... Children suffering from minor ailments, are treated daily at the Corporation's Central Clinic, and at the Woodward Clinic. Ophthalmic Service ... Refraction Clinics are held at the Central and Woodward Clinics, and the scheme includes the provision of spectacles at a very low charge, and, in some cases, where the family income is below a certain scale, at no charge. Orthopaedic Treatment ... Orthopaedic treatment—including the provision of splints and any necessary hospital treatment—is provided through the Orthopa;dic Clinic, Faircross Special School. |
6a3b4ad6-bf37-4294-b89d-af53fbb4c7c4 | 131—132 CLINIC AND TREATMENT CENTRES. Name and Situation. When Held. Nature of Accommodation. By Whom Provided. 1. Maternity and Child Welfare. (a) Infant Welfare Centres :— Central Clinie, Viearage Drive, Ripple Road Tuesdays and Fridays, 2 p.m. Modern clinic premises with accommodation for consultations, weighing of babies, waiting rooms, etc. Local Authority. Woodward Clinic, Woodward Road Tuesdays, Thursdays and Fridays, 2 p.m. Mondays and Thursdays, 2 p.m. do. do. do. Greatfields Centre, Movers Lane Accommodation for consultations, weighing of babies, waiting rooms, etc. do. Alexandra Centre, St. Paul's Road do. do. Porters Avenue Centre, Porters Avenue Mondays and Wednesdays, 2 p.m. do. do. |
4d801be6-724a-4beb-a287-dd1d62910721 | (6) Ante-Natal Clinics :— Central Clinic, Vicarage Drive, Ripple Road Woodward Clinic, WToodward Road *Alexandra Centre, St. Paul's Road Wednesdays, 2 p.m. P'ridays, 10 a.m. Wednesdays, 10 a.m. Tuesdays, 2 p.m. Modern clinic premises with accommodation for consultations, etc. do. Accommodation for consultations, etc. do. do. do. Porters Avenue Centre, Porters Avenue Thursdays, 9.30 a.m. do. do. †Specialist-Consultant Clinic at Alexandra Centre, St. Paul's Road Last Friday in each month, 3.30 p.m.. except August and December. do. do. (c) Gynaecological Clinics :— Central Clinic, Vicarage Drive, Ripple Road As and when required. Modern clinic premises with accommodation for consultations, etc. do. |
08b0b287-e555-4bd3-83c4-2bf48dd631ba | Woodward Clinic, Woodward Road do. do. do. (d) School Nurseries :—Nil Nil Nil Nil (e) Day Nurseries :—Nil Nil Nil Nil N.B.—*Since the end of 1935 this Clinic has been transferred to the Central Clinic Premises, Vicarage Drive, Ripple Road. •fSince the end of 1935 this Specialist-Consultant Clinic has been transferred to the Central Clinic Premises, Vicarage Drive, Ripple Road, and is held on the third Tuesday in each month at 3.30 p.m. (except August and December.) 133—134 CLINIC AND TREATMENT CENTRES. Name and Situation. When Held. Nature of Accommodation. By Whom Provided. 2. School Medical Service. (a) Inspection Clinics and Treatment of Minor Ailments :— Central Clinic, Vicarage Drive, Ripple Road Daily, 8.30 a.m. Modern clinic premises with inspection, waiting and treatment rooms, etc. |
1fa98849-0a28-4222-a8f3-c499a9647897 | Local Authority. Woodward Clinic, Woodward Road do. do. do. (b) Ophthalmic Clinic :— Central Clinic, Vicarage Drive, Ripple Road Tuesdays and Fridays, 10 a.m. Modern Clinic premises do. Woodward Clinic, Woodward Road Thursdays, 2 p.m. do. do. (c) Dental Clinics :— Central Clinic, Vicarage Drive, Ripple Road Woodward Clinic, Woodward Road Daily, 9 a.m. and 2 p.m. do. Modern clinic premises with waiting and treatment rooms, etc. do. do. do. (d) Orthopaedic Clinic :—Faircross School:— (i) Specialist's Clinic First Thursday in each month, 9 a.m. Daily, 9 a.m. and 2 p.m. One Room do. (ii) Remedial Exercises Clinic, Ultra Violet Light Therapy, etc. do. do. 3. |
7ecd7cf9-f2ae-48a3-bceb-7e794fdf514a | Diphtheria Prevention Immunisation Clinic. Central Clinic, Vicarage Drive, Ripple Road Mondays, 10 a.m. Modern clinic premises with waiting and treatment rooms. Local Authority. 4. Tuberculosis. 37, Linton Road Mondays, 3-5 p.m. Tuesdays, 7-8 p.m. Thursdays, 10.30 a.m.-12.30 p.m. Three rooms Essex County Council. 5. Venereal Diseases. London hospitals, etc. By arrangement with Essex County Council. 135 Special School The Faircross Special School is divided into three sections—a Physically Defective Section, a Mentally Defective Section and a Section for Delicate Children. When considered desirable, the children are conveyed to and from school by motor ambulance. Tonsils and Adenoids ... Surgical treatment for tonsils and adenoids is carried out at two local hospitals under an agreement with the Corporation. |
2ec44ff2-02ce-4583-8319-fe69c1ebd13d | A small charge is made to the parents, except in certain necessitous cases, when no charge is made. Vltra-Violet Light Treat- Ultra-violet light treatment is given at the Orthopaedic ment ... ... ... Clinic, Faircross Special School. X-Ray Treatment for Where necessary, Ringworm is treated by X-Ray. Ringworm of the Scalp. No charge is made for this treatment. 136 REPORT ON THE WORK OF THE ORTHOPÆEDIC CLINIC. The following tables, which are prepared on lines similar to those previously used, show the work which has been carried out at the Orthopaedic Clinic amongst children of school age :— No. of primary examinations by Orthopaedic Surgeon 118 No. |
2b76a922-1c73-4369-9bca-e4b6e2c72d26 | of re-examinations by Orthopaedic Surgeon 359 The cases dealt with for the first time during 1935 were referred for the following conditions, ond child having two defects :— (a) Deformities—Bones and Joints— (1) Congenital: Deformed digits (foot) R. & L 1 (2) Acquired : Injury—elbow-joint 4 „ shoulder-joint 1 „ ankle-joint 2 „ knee (cartilage) 1 „ fibula 1 Pes planus 42 Genu valgum 23 Genu varum 2 Hallux valgus 3 Hammer toe 3 Pes cavus 2 Rachitic chest 3 88 137—138 PARTICULARS OF THE WORK DONE IN CONNECTION WITH THE ORTHOPAEDIC CLINIC DURING 1935. No. of visits by Orthopsedic Surgeon No. of visits by Masseuse ATTENDANCES. |
73c99e26-7191-4fff-b779-87312d80822d | Primary Examination Re-examination For Treatment Total School Children Toddlers School Children Toddlers School Children Toddlers School Children Toddlers 11 430 118 97 359 170 2,004 1,635 2,481 1,902 TREATMENTS. Massage Electricity Remedial Exercises Ultra-Violet Therapy Radiant Heat Dress Split ings and itage No. of Children No. of Treatments No. of Children No. of Treatments No. of Children No. of Treatments No. of Children No. of Treatments No. of ■ Children No. of Treatments No. of Children No. of Treatments School Children 7 187 2 56 118 1,256 53 523 8 86 53 364 Toddlers 35 479 2 6 10 37 81 747 — — 54 384 Admissions to Hospitals On Waiting List for Admission 31/12/35 School Children Toddlers |
e3d8c607-1f1d-4b9d-994a-8d2e25f9908b | Total School Children Toddlers Total 6 (Under Council's Orthopaedic Scheme) 7 13 2 3 5 139 (b) Deformities—Muscular— (1) Congenital (2) Acquired: Kyphosis Lordosis Kypho-lordosis Scoliosis Shortening of arm (R) Winged scapulae Torticollis (c) Paralysis— (1) Congenital (2) Acquired : Erb's paralysis Spastic diplegia Spastic monoplegia Muscular dystrophy (d) Miscellaneous—- Osteomyelitis Baker's Cyst Growth under toe-nail Synovitis—knee Total defects found Nil 7 2 3 4 1 1 3 Nil 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 21 5 5 119 During the year, six children were admitted to hospital, one for investigation, |
267e9d1b-c506-4679-9a86-7e9badbb45ad | and five for operations as follows :— Removal—exostosis 2 Femoral osteotomy (R. & L.) 1 Excision—external semi-lunar cartilage (knee) 1 Manipulation and plaster to feet 1 The above report for 1935 shows the details of the Orthopaedic work and an increase in the attendances for treatment. The treatments have been much more efficiently carried out owing to the fact that the appointment of the Masseuse is now a whole-time one. 140 REPORT OF DENTAL SURGEON. June, 1936. To the School Medical Officer, Barking Borough Council. Sir, I have the honour to submit the School Dental Report for the year 1935. In February, 1935, Mr. Hines (L.D.S., R.C.S., Eng.), the Assistant Dental Surgeon, resigned his appointment with the Borough to take up an appointment with the Worcester County Council and a series of locum tenens replaced him until the appointment of Mr. |
8a1b2638-5dfe-4229-98a1-733c5e73b688 | Sarson (L.D.S., R.C.S., Eng.), who took over duty in May, 1935. The work of the first few months of the year thus was somewhat disturbed. Of the 5,520 children inspected during the year, 4,471 required treatment, the percentage of children with dental lesions being approximately 81 per cent. Of the 4,471 children requiring treatment, 3,817 accepted treatment and were treated— a percentage of approximately 85. The percentage of treated cases in comparison with the number inspected is high and was obtained by the system of treating a school before proceeding with the inspection of another school, allowing always a margin of treatments to breach over the period occupied by administration work, such as sending out consent forms, etc., connected with any inspection. |
3f549148-6633-458a-8e1b-ba97529babac | There has been over 100 per cent, increase in the number of fillings completed for the year, the figure for 1935 being 3,606 in permanent teeth and 16 in temporary teeth as against 1,723 and 9 for 1934. Extractions are also high for 1935, being 10,436 as against 7,559 for 1934, but the comparable figure of extractions per treated case being 2.7 this year as against 2.8 last year. The administration of general anaesthetics is 627 more than last year, the figure being 3,729, with local anaesthetics totalling 222. 141 Work under the heading of "other operations" shows a decline of 492, the total being 2,968. The number of sessions shown as devoted to treatment is 732 and is less than the total for 1934 as this figure does not include those sessions occupied in the treatment of the Abbey School scholars, reference to which is given in another report. |
3485d931-093b-4f02-83cd-f2881de514e3 | The general improvement in the dental condition of the Barking Elementary School child permits an increase in all types of work. More schools are inspected, and operative work is accelerated owing to the falling off of gross dental conditions. Marked dental neglect is now seen but rarely, and a much greater interest is displayed by parents in conservative work, an interest in no small way due to the desire of the child to have a tooth saved rather than lost. This is particularly noticeable with senior girls and an acceptance figure of over 80 per cent, confirms the popularity of the dental service. Nevertheless, the necessity of lectures to children of twelve years old and over is still a matter of great importance, and it is hoped that arrangements will be made for these lectures to be given as an integral part of every inspection. In cases where this has been undertaken, the acceptances from the school have been extremely gratifying. |
5375eae0-4879-489e-8f67-22cf15cb924d | The assistance of Head-Masters and Head-Mistresses at inspections has greatly facilitated this work, and the teaching staff as a whole have rendered a great service during the year in advising both pupils and parents. I wish to offer to the Medical and Nursing staff and the Dental staff at the Clinics full recognition and thanks for their assistance and willingness to co-operate in the furtherance of the dental service. I have the honour to be, Sir, Your obedient Servant, W. H. FOY, (i..d.s., r.c.s. eng.), Public Dental Officer. 142 REPORT ON THE WORK OF THE OPHTHALMIC CLINICS. The Clinics held by Mr. W. A. Gray, F.R.C.S., began on the 14th May, 1935, and seventy sessions were held during the year. Cases referred to the eye clinic can be divided into two groups :— (1) Visual Defects. (2) External Eye Diseases. |
e70ed367-562e-4dad-bb45-285ce3b2a379 | The latter group is the smaller but none the less important because some of these cases are contagious and prompt treatment limits spread of the disease. Daily treatment at the clinic ensures quick recovery and prevents cases becoming chronic, a not infrequent sequel of inadequate attention. Minor operations are performed at the clinic while more serious conditions requiring in-patient treatment are admitted to Queen Mary's Hospital. Visual defects in children consist chiefly of long sight and short sight. Each condition entails some disadvantage or even danger of permanent disability. Many cases are remedied by the wearing of suitable glasses but in others the visual symptoms are due to disease elsewhere. In hypermetropia or long sight the wearing of glasses may remedy the visual defect equally in both eyes. Frequently, however, it is found that although both eyes are normal the vision is unequal. In other words, one eye is used to a much greater extent than the other. Such children are potential "squinters." |
a57cbcaa-3f17-4fec-b8a7-fa084265e3cd | Measures must be taken to restore the vision of the neglected eye while there is yet time, for neglect to do so will produce permanent loss of good vision. Where an actual squint is present, treatment should be instituted forthwith. A special record of all such cases is kept and frequent attendance at the clinics is arranged. In addition, the co-operation of parents and teachers must be obtained if the best results are to be hoped for; in Barking I have been much impressed by the eagerness with which this scheme has been adopted by all concerned. 143 In 1036 a fully equipped squint training department will be instituted. Preliminary to the actual training, all eases of squint and of defective vision in one eye must first be carefully prepared. Various measures are adopted to restore the vision of the "lazy eye." These consist in the administration of drops to the second eye which make the child use the squinting eye while reading and doing other close work. If this is insufficient an occluder is worn. |
dacc79bb-0fd4-4218-9a72-4afcd5e0291d | Detailed instructions are given to the parents and the child is seen once a month at the Clinic when its progress is recorded. The other type of visual defect is short sight and here the danger lies in the rapid increase of this condition rendering the wearing of powerful glasses permanent. Much may be done to mitigate this risk by special attention being given to the child at school. In all such cases a letter advising easy treatment is sent to the parents and teachers. This "easy treatment" naturally varies with the individual case. Our aim is to do everything possible to retard the increase in the short sight while not interfering too much with normal education. It is only in severe cases that all reading, etc., is stopped. Children suffering from short sight are examined at least every twelve months and in some cases as often as every term. It may be asked to what extent the visual defects found in school children are inevitable and does environment play any part in their production. Of those defects which can be classed as inevitable, squint and short sight must both be included. |
41de02de-a3f4-472b-a9ce-b8ec387219eb | Of course, many parents tell you that the squint was only noticed after some illness, e.g., Measles, and while this illness may, from its weakening effect generally, have caused the squint to develop, the underlying factors were already present. Thus, during the past year, I have seen at Barking Hospital two cases of squint following Diphtheria. Both patients were cured by simple treatment in the course of some 12-14 days, because no factor other than Diphtheria was present. The factors producing the common type of squint are either an excessive degree of long sight or some hereditary predisposition. Such cases of squint require long and patient treatment if the vision of both eyes is to become normal. As regards short sight this often runs in families. It is the aim of all our treatment to limit the degree of short sight, for in the lesser degrees it hardly forms any disability. Children with a tendency to short sight often get worse from an environment which they themselves create. |
474b89ee-4937-4022-a9f8-1a0dde2b9048 | Instead of playing games they are always reading. This constant use of the eyes for near vision is to be deprecated. It will be seen that much may be done in an Ophthalmic Clinic to prevent disability which, after all, is the aim of all work in public health. 144 STATISTICS RELATING TO OPHTHALMIC CLINICS DURING 1935. TABLE 1. No. of refractions under atropine 497 No. of post-mydriatic tests 169 No. of spectacles prescribed 466 No. of letters (in the case of "myopes") sent 88 No. of squint cases 23 All spectacles were checked before being issued at the Clinics. TABLE 2. |
bb12388d-0331-4c96-9f7d-d55d6d9d77be | External Diseases of the Eye treated at the Clinics :— Conjunctivitis and Rlepharitis 33 Hordeolum 8 Phylectenular Keratitis 7 Injuries 8 Foreign body in eye 5 Corneal nebulae 5 Dacrocystitis 3 Meibomian Cyst 2 Artificial eye 2 Dermoid of cornea 1 TABLE 3. Total No. of Attendances 1,539 Percentage attendance of appointments made 93 145 SCHOOL MEDICAL SERVICE. Statistical Tables—Public Elementary Schools, 1935 TABLE I.— RETURN OF MEDICAL INSPECTIONS. A.— Routine Medical Inspections. Number of Inspections in the prescribed Groups :— Entrants 1,866 Second Age Group 1,901 Third Age Group 2,304 Total 6,071 Number of other Routine Inspections 824 Grand Total 6,895 B.—Other Inspections. |
e0632380-e12e-4b07-b643-f228ab2edb07 | Number of Special Inspections 8,373 Number of Re-Inspections 15,405 Total 23,778 C.—Children found to require Treatment. Number of individual children found at Routine Medical Inspection to require Treatment (excluding Uncleanliness and Dental Diseases). Prescribed Groups :— Entrants 181 Second Age Group 288 Third Age Group 320 Total Prescribed Groups 789 Other Routine Inspections 137 Grand Total 926 146 TABLE II. (A)—RETURN OF DEFECTS FOUND BY MEDICAL INSPECTION IN THE YEAR ENDED 31ST DECEMBER, 1935. Defect or Disease Routine Inspections Special Inspections No. of Defects No. of Defects Requiring Treatment Requiring to be kept under observation, but not requiring Treatment Requiring Treatment Requiring to be kept under observation, but not requiring Treatment (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) Skin _ (!) Ringworm—Scalp — — 15 — (2) Body 2 — |
9b8223b1-830e-4f45-b80b-ce41ef6cd2f6 | 10 — (3) Scabies 9 — 69 — (4) Impetigo 4 — 155 — (5) Other Diseases (NonTuberculous) 31 22 370 5 Totals (Heads 1-5) 46 22 619 5 Eye (6) Blepharitis 39 6 111 1 (7) Conjunctivitis 29 2 247 1 (8) Keratitis 1 — 4 1 (9) Corneal Opacities 1 — 4 (10) Other Conditions (excluding Defective Vision and Squint) 4 8 135 2 Totals (Heads 6-10) 74 16 501 5 (11) Defective Vision (excluding Squint) 542 103 208 22 (12) Squint 41 12 16 6 Ear '(13) Defective Hearing 6 5 4 4 (14) Otitis Media 3 5 |
b15dffde-976b-4520-9c5a-41a0300614ef | 10 1 (15) Other Ear Diseases 54 30 256 3 Nose and Throat (16) Chronic Tonsillitis only 156 421 301 44 (17) Adenoids only 9 12 5 3 (18) Chronic Tonsillitis and Adenoids 33 40 28 10 (19) Other Conditions 30 42 448 27 (20) Enlarged Cervical Glands (NonTuberculous) 4 73 110 10 (21) Defective Speech 24 8 6 3 Heart and Circu- lation Heart Disease: (22) Organic — 100 2 20 (23) Functional 1 101 — 52 (24) Anaemia 5 60 15 15 Lungs '(25) Bronchitis 12 63 94 15 (26) Other Non-Tuberculous Diseases 2 63 57 15 147 TABLE II. (A).—-continued. |
925d7bbd-651c-4fcf-9257-d6d61adf5dc8 | Defect or Disease Routine Inspections Special Inspections No. of Defects No. of Defects Requiring Treatment Requiring to be kept under observation, but not requiring Treatment Requiring Treatment Requiring to be kept under observation, but not requiring Treatment (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) Tuberculosis Pulmonary: (27) Definite — 1 — — (28) Suspected — — — 1 Non-Pulmonary: — — — — (29) Glands — 2 2 (. |
2e3ebeca-8c7a-4e71-8476-3c941c1904e5 | 30) Bones and Joints — — 1 1 (31) Skin — — — — (32) Other Forms — 1 — — Totals (Heads 29-32) — 3 1 3 Nervous System (33) Epilepsy — — — 2 (34) Chorea 3 17 9 20 (35) Other Conditions 3 37 31 30 Deformities - (36) Rickets 5 4 (37) Spinal Curvature 12 12 6 1 (38) Other Forms 68 48 23 22 (39) Other Defects and Diseases (excluding Uncleanliness and Dental Diseases) 113 357 2,496 185 Totals 1,246 1,655 5,246 524 148 TABLE II. (B)—CLASSIFICATION OF THE NUTRITION OF CHILDREN INSPECTED DURING THE YEAR IN THE ROUTINE AGE GROUPS. |
a4f6ca52-4541-48cd-a057-c3a66fc2a5b7 | Age-groups Number of Children Inspected A (Excellent) B (Normal) C (Slightly subnormal) D (Bad) No. o/ /o No. o/ /o No. °/ /o No. % Entrants 1,866 528 28.3 1,218 65.3 106 5.7 14 0.7 Second Age-group 1,901 496 26.1 1,349 70.9 51 2.7 5 0.3 Third Age-group 2,304 919 39.9 1,357 58.9 24 1.0 4 0.2 Other Routine Inspections 824 346 42.0 466 56.6 11 1.8 1 0.1 Total 6,895 2,289 33.2 4,390 63.7 192 2.8 24 0.3 TABLE III. |
1a2b2d0f-8636-42f3-a2f1-b658e3650dc8 | RETURN OF ALL EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN IN THE AREA. Blind Children. At Certified Schools for the Blind At Public Elementary Schools At other Institutions At no School or Institution Total 1 — — — 1 Partially Sighted Children. At Certified Schools for the Blind At Certified Schools for the Partially Sighted At Public Elementary Schools At other Institutions At no School or Institution Total — — 5 1 2 8 149 TABLE III.—continued. Deaf Children. At Certified Schools for the Deaf At Public Elementary Schools At other Institutions At no Sehool or Institution Total 10 — — — 10 Partially Deaf Children. At Certified Schools for the Deaf At Certified Schools for the Partially Deaf At Public Elementary Schools At other Institutions At no School or Institution Total — — — — — — Mentally Defective Children. Feeble-Minded Children. |
e7260ac4-b546-43c1-8ee5-3cbcbfb3495c | At Certified Schools for Mentally Defective Children At Public Elementary Schools At other Institutions At no School or Institution Total 75 2 — — 77 Epileptic Children. Children Suffering from Severe Epilepsy. At Certified Special Schools At Public Elementary Schools At other Institutions At no School or Institution Total 1 — — 2 3 150 TABLE III.— continued. Physically Defective Children. A.— Tuberculous Children. I.— Children Suffering from Pulmonary Tuberculosis. (Including pleura and intra-thoracic glands.) At Certified Special Schools At Public Elementary Schools At other Institutions At no School or Institution Total - (-) - (4) 2 (-) - (-) 2 (4) II.—Children Suffering from Non-Pulmonary Tuberculosis. (This category includes tuberculosis of all sites other than those shown in I above.) |
35b8df9c-7e64-4056-bd87-b4b8cf708335 | At Certified Special Schools At Public Klementary Schools At other Institutions At no School or Institution Total 2 (5) 4 (27) 7 (-) 1 (-) 14 (32) EXPLANATORY NOTE. Physically Defective Children—Tuberculous. Attendance at a Tuberculosis Dispensary, subsequent to active treatment, has been looked upon as preventive treatment, and therefore treatment within the meaning of the Table. The figures in brackets under this section denote children who are notified cases of Tuberculosis and are therefore attending a Tuberculosis Dispensary, but in whose case the disease has been declared "arrested" although the children cannot yet be said to be "recovered." B.—Delicate Children. At Certified Special Schools At Public Elementary Schools At other Institutions At no School or Institution Total 70 — — 3 79 151 TABLE III.—continued. C.—Crippled Children. |
b9f70afb-3596-4154-a211-6b8913fe4531 | At Certified Special Schools At Public Elementary Schools At other Institutions At no School or Institution Total 12 — 1 1 14 D.—Children with Heart Disease. At Certified Special Schools At Public Elementary Schools At other Institutions At no School or Institution Total 38 — — 1 39 Children Suffering from Multiple Defects. |
d4ce5d63-edf5-43c5-b0a3-045b32c9582f | Combination of Defect At Certified Special Schools At Public Elementary Schools At other Institutions At no School or Institution Total Feeble-minded and Tuberculous 2 — — — 2 Feeble-minded and Crippled 2 — — — 2 Feeble-minded and Epileptic 1 — — — 1 Crippled and Epileptic 1 — — — 1 Crippled and Deaf — — — 1 1 Tuberculous and Heart — — — 1 1 152 FORM 307M.—STATEMENT OF THE NUMBER OF CHILDREN NOTIFIED DURING THE YEAR ENDED 31st DECEMBER, 1935, BY THE LOCAL EDUCATION AUTHORITY TO THE LOCAL MENTAL DEFICIENCY AUTHORITY. Total No. of Children Notified 10 Analysis of the above Total. Diagnosis Boys Girls I. |
bf0d33c7-1a34-41d8-ba73-806b0edabff1 | (i) Children incapable of receiving benefit or further benefit from instruction in a Special School: (a) Idiots 1 — (b) Imbeciles — — (c) Others 2 — (ii) Children unable to be instructed in a Special School without detriment to the interests of other children : (a) Moral defectives — — (b) Others — — 2. Feeble-minded children notified on leaving a Special School on or before attaining the age of 16 6 1 3. Feeble-minded children notified under Article 3, i.e., " special circumstances " cases — — 4. Children who in addition to being mentally defective were blind or deaf — — GRAND TOTALS 9 1 153 TABLE IV. RETURN OF DEFECTS TREATED DURING THE YEAR ENDED 31ST DECEMBER, 1935. GROUP I.—Minor Ailments (excluding Uncleanliness, for which see Table VI). |
7ba2a4f6-078f-4209-937b-a2a10c54fbf0 | I)ofeet or Disease Number of Defects treated, or under treatment during the year Under the Authority's Scheme Otherwise Totals (1) (2) (3) (4) Skin— Ringworm—Scalp : (i) X-Ray Treatment 6 — 6 (ii) Other 9 — 9 Ringworm—Body 11 1 12 Scabies 67 2 69 Impetigo 157 2 159 Other skin disease 237 9 246 Minor Eye Defects (External and other, but excluding cases falling in Group II.) 447 2 449 Minor Ear Defects 274 7 281 Miscellaneous (e.g., minor injuries, bruises, sores, chilblains, etc.). 2,078 72 2,150 Totals 3,286 95 3,381 154 TABLE IV.—-continued. GROUP II.—Defective Vision and Squint (excluding Minor Eye Defects treated as Minor Ailments—Group I). |
69d9b855-aea8-484c-b1c3-725a703dcaae | Defect or Disease Number of Defects dealt with Under the Authority's Scheme Otherwise Totals (1) (2) (3) (4) Errors of Refraction (including Squint) 767 65 832 Other Defect or Disease of the Eyes (excluding those recorded in Group I) Totals 767 65 832 Number of children for whom spectacles were prescribed :— (a) Under the Authority's Scheme (b) Otherwise Total 613 65 678 Number of children who obtained spectacles :— (a) Under the Authority's scheme (b) Otherwise Total 593 60 653 155 TABLE IV.—continued. GROUP III.—Treatment of Defects of Nose and Throat. Number of Defects. |
69c27597-bc29-4918-9477-552a0e25804c | Defect Received Operative Treatment Received other forms of Treatment Total number treated Under the Authority's Scheme, in Clinic or Hospital By Private Practitioner or Hospital, apart from the Authority's Scheme Totals (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) Tonsils only – 20 20 211 543 Adenoids only 2 2 4 T'sandA's 294 12 306 Other — 2 2 Totals 296 36 332 211 543 GROUP IV.—Orthopaedic and Postural Defects. Under the Authority's Scheme Otherwise Total number treated Residential treatment with education Residential treatment without education Non-Residential treatment at an orthopaedic clinic Residential treatment with education Residential treatment without education Non-Residential treatment at an orthopædic clinic Number of children treated 4 1 243 — 2 2 252 156 TABLE V. DENTAL INSPECTION AND TREATMENT. |
a8335efd-c1a2-4098-9a92-3261603f2fab | (1) Number of Children who were :— (a) Inspected by the Dentist: Aged : Routine Age Groups 5 207 6 323 7 481 8 502 9 469 10 629 11 500 12 643 13 383 14 65 Total 4,202 (b) Specials 1,318 (c) Grand Total (Routine and Specials) 5,520 (2) Found to require treatment 4,471 (3) Actually treated 3,817 (4) Attendances made by children for treatment 7,951 (5) Half-days devoted to :— Inspection 23 Treatment 732 Total 755 (6) Fillings :— Permanent teeth 3,606 Temporary teeth 16 Total 3,622 157 TABLE V.—continued. |
c9aa97c5-b4ab-4860-991f-89789e49fdc5 | (7) Extractions :— Permanent teeth 1,673 Temporary teeth 8,763 Total 10,436 (8) Administrations of general anaesthetics for extractions 3,779 (9) Other Operations :— Permanent teeth 2,968 Temporary teeth Total 6,747 TABLE VI.—UNCLEANLINESS AND VERMINOUS CONDITIONS. (i) Average number of visits per school made during the year by the School Nurses 3 (ii) Total number of examinations of children in the schools by School Nurses 45,169 (iii) Number of individual children found unclean 1,315 (iv) Number of children cleansed under arrangements made by the Local Education Authority 39 (v) Number of cases in which legal proceedings were taken :— (a) Under the Education Act, 1921 6 (b) Under School Attendance Byelaws — 105 (5) FINDINGS OF MEDICAL INSPECTION. |
e2404d3e-bffb-4bc0-accb-acdd299976d4 | Table II (A) on pages 146 and 147 gives in detail a return of defects found during the course of routine and special inspections at ordinary elementary schools and at the clinics. The following table is similar to Table I (C) of the Returns to the Board of Education (given on page 145 of this report), except that it shows the percentage of children found to require treatment:— Group. Number of Children. Percentage of children found to require Treatment. Inspected. Found to require Treatment. |
a7b89e65-e0c6-4063-bfbd-3de6c5ab677d | PRESCRIBED GROUPS : Entrants 1,866 181 9.7 Second age group 1,901 288 15.1 Third age group 2,304 320 13.9 Totals (prescribed groups) 6,071 789 13.0 OTHER ROUTINE INSPECTIONS 824 137 16.6 (a) Malnutrition.—Last year I pointed out that, in estimating to what extent malnutrition exists among school-children, the most reliable figures are those relating to cases found during routine and special inspections. Last year out of 4,117 children so examined it was found that 4,107 children were satisfactorily nourished. This year the figures are arranged somewhat differently, and out of 6,895 children examined, it was found that in 6,871 cases nutrition was satisfactory. |
ef5276e5-fec0-456c-9e23-25f845005a82 | It is very difficult indeed to assess nutrition in terms " excellent," " normal," " slightly subnormal " and " bad," and of course, the personal factor of the examining medical officer is an important one. It must of necessity be some time before a reasonably stable standard of values is available to compare one year with another and one part of the country with another. It is a matter of congratulation that for every child whose nutrition is said to be " bad " there are 100 children who are said to be " excellent." 106 (b) Uncleanliness.—As the Committee already know, I hold the opinion that for a boy's head to be verminous is so unnecessary that it is by the same token disgraceful, and the parents and guardians of these boys should be dealt with severely. There is no justification whatsoever for a boy being absent from school for a dirty head, and I do believe that if these cases were dealt with severely we should get a higher standard of cleanliness, not only among the boys but among the girls also. |
bc9d2095-1a49-42f8-ae0a-5d2864459d47 | The Sisters, not only in your Hospital but elsewhere, all have the same tale to tell, that one of the first duties is to clean up the heads of these infested children, when they are admitted to hospital for one reason or another. It is curious to see what change comes over school-girls soon after they leave school—the number of verminous heads becomes relatively small when compared with the number found among girls of school-age. It is no doubt not due to the fact that they have left school but that they have grown into the age when they begin to preen themselves and take pride and joy in making themselves beautiful. Perhaps the most advantageous way of dealing with girls is by frank encouragement, and although this Report will be read by many who have a far clearer insight into the mental make-up of girls than I have, I would like, tentatively, to put forward a possible basis of discussion—the possibility of making girls conscious of their hair as an adornment at an earlier age than obtains at the present time. |
7398917c-b54f-42e2-9149-9ea3a9881499 | The following table shows the results of cleanliness inspections compared with similar figures for 1934 :— 1934 1935 Number of examinations of children in the schools by School Nurses 41,499 45,169 Number of individual children found unclean 1,583 1,315 Number of uncleanliness findings 2,553 2,110 During the year, 39 children were cleansed by the Local Authority, and in six cases legal proceedings were taken under Section 43 of the Education Act, 1921. (c) Minor A ilments and Diseases of the Skin.—With over thirty-seven t housand attendances at the Minor Ailments Clinics you have established there should not be a large number of minor ailments discovered among the children who are examined at routine medical inspections, who, as I have said above, are examined in age groups, whether their health is good or bad, and I am happy to say this is so. |
3c8966cd-bcb6-4e81-a95e-5dd81ed054ca | 107 The Minor Ailments Clinics also deal effectively with cases of minor diseases of the skin such as impetigo, ringworm of the body scabies, and any other skin disease which presents itself. (d) Visual Defects and External Eye Disease.—Details of the findings at routine and special inspections will be found on pages 146 and 147 of this Report. Readers of this Report will have noted that there were 6,895 children examined by routine inspection. Of these 6,088 were found to have normal vision and the remaining 807 were referred for treatment for this defect. Of the total number of children examined by routine inspection 99 per cent. were free from any external eye disease and in the remaining 1 per cent. the majority were minor and incidental inflammations, not likely to lead to any residual disability. The chief value of examining eyes for visual defects and other diseases is to compute how far education in school is favourable to eyesight, and how far it is prejudicial to good vision. |
b1095c59-9cd6-45dc-8ca3-5c8d92a9e11e | With such a large floating population as we have in Barking, and the great difficulties which we have experienced subsequent to the large increase in population, it is not possible to give statistical evidence one way or another, but I have asked your consulting ophthalmic surgeon to advise me should he find any evidence that the environment of school-life is prejudicial to the maintenance of normal vision. From such observations as I have been able to make, I have not, however, been able to trace any detrimental effect of school-life on normal vision, but your ophthalmic work is now being carried out much more thoroughly than heretofore, and future reports will, I hope, be able to speak with assurance on this matter. (e) Nose and Throat Defects.—Last year I was in the happy position to report a reduction in the number of cases of tonsils and adenoids which routine examinations found to need treatment. |
7daf16bd-8958-4aaf-8208-66e1413eeefb | This year your officers have examined a much larger number of children, and there is an increase in the number of children requiring treatment and observation for these defects, but I am in the happy position to be able to report further that the 671 children found with such defects represent in proportion to the number examined, a slight decrease to the previous year. 108 It still obtains, however, that only 6,224 children were found satisfactory as far as tonsils and adenoids are concerned and in my opinion this is not a sufficiently high number. As the Committee knows I am anxious that the co-ordinated medical services of the Council should have an Ear, Nose and Throat Clinic. Its first duty would be to investigate the whole problem in the hope of bringing about a happier state of affairs. That such a Clinic of course would have to indicate remedial measures goes without saying, but I do hope it will lead to a large measure of prevention. |
83278d6f-5852-4e4f-b848-be6ad864e386 | (f) Ear Disease and Defective Hearing.—So far as hearing and the health of the ear are concerned, it is found that quite a high percentage of the children are normal. Of the children examined, 96 per cent. were found to be normal, but contrasting this with what I have said about external eye disease, which is usually slight and transient, the 4 per cent. children who have trouble with their ears oftentimes present medical difficulties of some magnitude. What I have said about the establishment of an Ear, Nose and Throat Clinic in the preceding section, can be repeated here with emphasis, because undoubtedly defective hearing does militate against the development and happiness of the child in later life. (g) Dental Defects.—Details of the healthfulness of your children's teeth are dealt with, in detail, in that section of this Report for which I am indebted to Mr. W. H. Foy, your Senior Dentist. |
7fd1e864-0da0-4da3-bcdc-f849639ab9ef | I would further emphasise that the large incoming school population seems to have had somewhat less dental service than your own, and the relatively large floating school population makes it difficult for me to compare from year to year the value of the work you are doing in maintaining oral hygiene. (h) Orthopa'dic and Postural Defects.—The findings of routine medical inspection show a condition of affairs which is, on the whole, satisfactory. The years which you have given to the study of this problem, and the work which you have carried out through your officers, particularly Mr. B. Whitchurch Howell who is your Consulting Orthopaedic Surgeon, have borne fruit. Of the children examined 99.2 per cent. were found to be quite normal from this aspect, and the 114 children who were found not quite normal were mostly suffering from relatively minor defects. In saying these were relatively minor defects I am speaking from the surgical standpoint. |
5b4bb9ad-5df4-446f-ab74-b9372aa11458 | These minor defects are oftentimes of the utmost importance to the child—flat feet for instance, whilst by no means a major surgical defect, can lead to a degree of tiredness and consequent nervous exhaustion which militates against the health and happiness of the individual. Minor degrees of a crooked spine can alter the poise of the body and the position of the internal organs with resultant impairment of health and comfort. 109 (i) Heart Disease and Rheumatism.—Of approximately seven thousand children examined at routine inspections all save 267 were found to be what is considered normal. I believe, however, that here we have a vast field for research, and I fear the results of such an investigation would be to show that we are so used to listening to hearts which have been affected by rheumatism, and which have somewhat less than fully recovered, that we look upon these cases as usual, and for all practical purposes the word " usual " may be looked upon as the word " normal." |
32fa90f8-ac31-4b25-be1d-a313c74324e7 | Now that the scientific experts have made instruments which can accurately measure noises, I am sure that an investigation could be carried out on the relative intensities of the first and second heart sounds among ordinary children in different parts of England, and I am inclined to believe we should find in Barking, which is in the Thames Valley, that generally speaking the second heart sound is accentuated. (j) Tuberculosis.—As I have said in previous years the figures relating to Tuberculosis are small but this is not a true figure for indicating the amount of Tuberculosis in children of school age. These children are frequently absent from school for long periods and may be away from school when the inspections are held. Seven cases of Tuberculosis amongst children of school age were notified to the Medical Officer of Health during the year. Of these, one was pulmonary, and six were non-pulmonary. In addition, four notified cases of Tuberculosis amongst school-children were transferred to this area. Of these one was pulmonary, and three were non-pulmonary. |
968ea34a-4222-4f4c-a96a-eae5b20dc908 | The following table shows the position with regard to notification of Tuberculosis amongst children of school-age during 1935 :— Notified during 1935 (including transfers) Pulmonary 2 Non-Pulmonary 9 Total 11 De-notified (of the above) Pulmonary Non-Pulmonary 2 Total 2 110 (k) Other Defects and Diseases.—A few cases of other defects and diseases, not included in the above, were also seen at school medical inspection, e.g., some children were found to be suffering from kidney trouble and one or two from deficiency in the activity of the glands of the body. (6) FOLLOWING-UP. The School Nurse who attends the routine medical inspection also carries out the following-up work arising from the inspection. |
c7754734-087d-45a8-bdce-b5467bf9994d | The parents are visited in their homes, and the attention of the parents is drawn to the need for treatment, and parents who were not able to be present at the medical inspection are interviewed at home by the School Nurse, who emphasises the necessity for having treatment and advises them in what way the treatment may be obtained. A summary of the following-up work by your School Nurses is given herewith :— Number of visits to schools re medical inspection 506 Total number of visits to schools 640 Number of home visits in connection with :— 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 (a) Routine medical inspections 4,480 4,817 6,610 6,786 5,605 (b) Infectious disease 295 408 230 1,022 475 (c) Cleanliness inspections 181 119 284 827 454 (d) Non-attendance for treatment (Minor Ailments, etc.) |
3a3ea622-55ad-4d25-81b8-1284b5760148 | 86 82 35 51 33 (e) Miscellaneous — — 126 418 216 It has been pointed out in previous Reports that this summary is only an imperfect picture of the whole of your work in Barking. It is not necessary for me to go into detail, but as you know the Hospital and the Maternity and Child Welfare work and other work you carry on is all linked up together, and still further co-ordination has just been achieved by the appointment of the Senior Health Visitor and School Nurse. 111 (7) ARRANGEMENTS FOR TREATMENT. Many of the conditions found at school medical inspection are able to be treated in Barking. Some conditions, however, of necessity require hospital treatment. (a) Malnutrition.—One-third of the children examined during the year were found to be of excellent nutrition, and at first sight it would appear that such are in need of no treatment whatsoever. |
a236da17-01b6-479d-a571-1d87b06552a7 | A curious thing, however, is that oftentimes when such children as these are grown-up and go abroad to the Colonies, they in turn have children who are often better nourished than their parents. Much will have to be done before we can say these children, excellent according to our standards today, are really excellent in the sense that they have achieved in health and stature all of which they are capable. What I have said with reference to treatment in regard to those of excellent physique can, of course, be said with even greater emphasis of those of normal physique. With regard to those of indifferent and bad nutrition it is difficult to speak of treatment. You do give free milk in your schools, you do arrange for free meals by the thousand, you do arrange for these puny people to be admitted, where necessary, to your special school and, together with other children, they have the advantage of your Holiday and Summer Camps. |
72f7d67e-c046-40ae-9814-5a442e863b6b | Whenever they come to your notice, and I think there are very few which do not, each is the subject of a special enquiry, but all this notwithstanding it is unsatisfactory to find even 3.1 per cent. children whose nutrition is considered to be below normal. First, however, I want to dissociate myself from the gloomy pessimists and to point out the 2,250 of excellent nutrition, as well as speaking of the 192 who were of poor nutrition, and the 24 whose nutrition was bad. Secondly, I want to say that we do not know enough about nutrition to be able to speak authoritatively ; thirdly, to point out that your arrangements in Barking are such that the cases of poor nutrition which are simple, are generally speaking, adequately dealt with, so that all the remaining cases are difficult; and fourthly, these latter cases are cases of really bad nutrition and usually present a very complex problem, in which social conditions, heredity and disease all play their respective parts. |
b10b639f-7020-4416-a0b9-99a7a3be4a1b | From what I have heard of emigrants to Canada it would appear they compare unfavourably in physique with the fine upstanding men who are both born and reared in the wide open spaces of the great farms of Western Canada. 112 It would appear the whole problem of nutrition is largely linked up with dynamic forces rooted in the ante-natal life and the life of the newly born. When once the chance of these dynamic forces has been missed all other attempts to vary nutrition are bound to be difficult and are likely to be, at the most, incompletely successful. Nor must we look for success from direct frontal attacks ; to achieve success it would be necessary to alter many ingrained habits. Already you have made a start in getting grown-up children to believe that milk is no longer infants' food. This beginning must be extended—eggs and butter might very well, even at a price, find their way much more commonly than at present in the free meals you provide. |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.