ids stringlengths 36 36 | texts stringlengths 1 1.43k |
|---|---|
99c23192-069f-40ec-aa6c-affdf313ca8f | 1 2 Tailors 9 9 8 8 17 17 Dressmakers 7 12 7 10 14 22 Shoemakers 12 12 21 21 33 33 Cycle and Motor Works 3 3 4 4 7 7 Saddlers 1 1 1 1 2 2 Photographers 1 1 3 3 4 4 Smiths 3 3 3 3 6 6 Umbrella Makers . . 2 2 2 2 Glove Cleaning 1 1 . . 1 1 Upholsterer . . 1 1 1 1 Coachbuilder . . 1 1 1 1 Picture Frame Makers . . 2 2 2 2 Watch Makers 3 3 3 3 6 6 Metal Works 1 2 . . 1 2 Acetylene Works 1 3 . . |
b849a389-b57c-428f-a1c8-0a2e1e820899 | 1 3 HAND LAUNDRIES — Under 40 employees 2 6 4 11 6 17 BAKEHOUSES— 2 6 9 27 11 33 C.—DOMESTIC WORKSHOPS Dressmakers 15 21 16 16 31 37 Family Laundries 9 18 10 30 19 48 D.—WORKPLACES — Stable Yards 5 12 5 10 10 22 Restaurants 5 12 12 20 17 32 Ice Cream Maker 1 5 . . 1 5 Totals 92 153 127 201 219 354 66 Sanitary Administration. Table showing the general work done by the Public Health Department during 1914, and in the preceding two years. Nature of Work Done. 1912 1913 1914 No. of Inspections under Housing Regulations 2138 1840 2250 , |
4cea46b2-2682-4eba-8d72-7b48a72c71df | Various other visits 1736 1366 1164 , Defects Notified 641 593 624 , Houses cleansed 220 160 226 , „ , after Infectious Disease 89 45 70 „ Disinfections performed 235 348 340 , Drains unstopped 36 30 20 , , repaired IS 14 14 , , reconstructed 34 26 24 , Defective closet pans and traps 20 12 21 , , dust receptacles replaced 68 85 75 , Flushing tanks repaired 37 39 40 , Waste pipes trapped and repaired 10 16 10 „ Cisterns cleansed and covered 14 13 29 , Taps provided on rising main 75 51 35 , Offensive accumulations removed 4 6 7 , New sinks provided 34 29 20 , |
f68992d3-aaeb-44d4-9f20-a2f3ed79b96e | Roofs and eaves' gutterings repaired 46 14 45 „ Yards paved and paving repaired 06 39 37 , Dampness remedied 36 20 25 , Manholes made watertight 16 4 10 , Mica valves made good 8 5 6 , Receptacles for manure provided 2 3 2 , Cases of overcrowding abated 3 5 4 , Houses found unfit for habitation 16 12 15 , Bakehouse inspections 42 48 33 , Dairy inspections 121 142 144 , Licensed slaughter-house inspections 6 5 8 , Factory and Workshops inspections 392 336 323 , Visits to Infectious Diseases 405 281 286 „ Complaints received 96 115 85 , Statutory Notices served 15 6 8 , Summonses to abate Nuisances — — 1 , |
67063843-3c77-4a64-bbf4-c192cbc05f32 | Premises licensed for storage of Petroleum 22 22 25 Re-inspections are not included in this table. At the request of the M.O.H. the Assistant S.I., Mr. Robinson has reported on subjects coming more particularly within his ken. FISHMONGERS. There are 14 shops of this class in the district. In 7 shops only wet and dried fish is retailed, and in the retriainder fish frying 67 Sanitary Administration. is carried on, in addition, in some cases, to the sale of wet and dried fish. A B Sale of Wet & Dried Fish only. Fish Frying & Sale of Wet & Dried Fish. Total No. No. of Inspections. 7 7 14 46 Twenty visits have been made to the shops in Column A, These are still found to be conducted in a satisfactory manner, no fish being detected unfit for food. |
eac50ef0-b221-425d-9ce9-7185673ed616 | Proper offal receptacles are provided, which, in some cases, are removed daily by a contractor, and in others three times a week, depending, naturally, on the amount of trade. Empty receptacles are left in place of the full receptacles removed. All these shops are constructed on hygienic principles, with impervious floors, slate or marble slabs, and, in some cases, tiled walls. Twenty-six visits have been made to shops in column B. In twoshops modern stoves for fish frying have been installed. These stoves are portable, that is, they are not made part of the building as in the case of the old pattern brick stove. They are of cast iron with tiling on the front and ends. The pans are covered with hinged covers. From the space above the pans and between the covers there is a duct leading to the fire and the flue, the direction of the vapours being governed by a valve. |
6f359a57-7550-4ed0-8347-b1ed7a1bcf65 | Covered receptacles on the top of the stove are provided for the storage of fish and potatoes. These stoves are much more economical, both in the quantity of frying medium used and in coal, and when properly managed are quite satisfactory. All parts of the stove are easily accessible for cleaning purposes, the tiling giving the whole a neater appearance than in the case of the old stoves. 68 Sanitary Administration. In the other shops the mediaeval form of stove is still in use. These stoves are built of brick with the cast iron pans set in the top, the fire opening being either at the ends or in front. The top of the stove is generally covered with zinc. About two or three feet above the pans there is a fantasticshaped canopy, with one or two gas jets inside, the purpose of the canopy is to carry off the steam and vapour through a hole opening into the chimney Hue. |
24b7881d-2d8d-469d-9424-86366db5f4bf | Contrary to theory, only a small percentage of steam is actually carried into the flue, as evidenced by the amount of steam which can be seen escaping into the shop. In the majority of cases side screens are not fixed, so that the function of the canopy is interfered with through draughts. Although that portion of the stove which is seen is kept fairly clean, it has been repeatedly found that the inside of the canopy is in a foul condition, it is also found that unsold fish and potatoes are left unprotected on the top of the stove, the result, in summer, being that the room swarms with flies. Ac two shops cotton-seed oil is used. It is considered by some of the trade to be more economical, as, when heated, it is more liquid, and consequently drains off the fish quicker. Nuisance will arise from the use of cotton-seed oil if the stale oil is not removed frequently. |
3a422832-ff6a-49a4-8887-e76e3b8b1ddf | The practice obtains of adding fresh oil to the pan as occasion demands, so that the stale oil is never entirely removed. In the other shops dripping is the frying medium used, and is of varying qualities. This medium does not, however, give rise to such an effluvium nuisance as when cotton-seed oil is used. The trade of fish fryer is now governed by bye-laws, and under them the provision of modern stoves in lieu of the old pattern open stoves could be insisted upon. The principle adopted in carrying out the bye-laws is an educative one. It is one the results of which are not seen in twelve Sanitary Administration. 69 months. As the old stoves become defective, the tradesman is persuaded to instal a modern stove. One important point about these portable stoves is that they are tenant's property, as no building-in to the premises is necessary. |
ba506a0a-956a-4f2d-9ada-2db434403583 | The difficulty being, under the present conditions, a monetary one, the Inspector has to use every consideration, the immediate locality being an important factor, as has been stated by the Courts. RESTAURANTS AND COFFEE SHOPS. There are 17 shops of this character in the district, and 32 visits have been made to them. The majority are well conducted, the rooms used for the preparation of food being in a good hygienic state. In some cases, however, the premises are cramped, improperly lighted, and no extra provision made for ventilation These remarks refer in particular to the room used for preparing food. In only two cases are there separate receptacles for waste matter, other than the ordinary dust receptacle. In some cases the waste matter is burnt as far as possible. BUTCHERS. There are 26 butchers, and 68 visits have been made to them. |
27867da0-14eb-4a0b-ade8-2369cc48f490 | Although two slaughter-houses exist, one in Barnes and one in Mortlake, only one of them is used. During the year 8 pigs have been killed at this establishment, and on each occasion the Assistant Inspector has been present and carefully inspected each carcase and organs, but no evidence of disease was found warranting condemnation. It is only the present prohibitive price of cattle which prevents this slaughter-house being more frequently used. Considering all circumstances the butchers' shops are well kept. 70 Sanitary Administration. The surrender of the following food was secured and destroyed at the Council's Destructor:— 4 Bovine Livers. 2 Plucks. 1 Rabbit. 1 Fowl. Most of the butchers obtain their supplies from the Central Market. It has, however, been found that a practice has started of occasionally obtaining carcases, particularly pigs, killed in an adjoining district, where they are not inspected after slaughter. |
3974195e-8c84-4e58-aabc-b92cd3c8b297 | At such shops it is obvious that extra care has to be taken in inspecting the stock. Sometimes the Assistant Inspector sees the carcases being delivered at the shop; he is then able to make an examination of the carcase and organs before they are cut up. During the summer months nuisance sometimes arises through the keeping of waste bones and fat. If these are kept in a receptacle with a close-fittino cover, offensive smells are given off. The better way, a practice now generally in vogue in this district, is to keep the bones and fat in a receptacle with a piece of canvas stretched over the top. This prevents the entrance of flies, but allows air to circulate in the receptacle. Although Bye-laws are in force in this district prohibiting the removal of offensive matter, &c., through the streets, except at certain specified times, the practice does, however, exist of Contractors removing trade refuse at other times than those stated in the Bye-laws. |
1b6268c1-a5d5-4010-936d-ecbb36cbfb24 | This is a difficult matter to deal with, because it is not an offence to remove such offensive matter at any other times provided the receptacle or vessel is properly constructed so as to prevent the escape of any offensive effluvia therefrom. While dealing with this matter of food supply, it would be appropriate to point out to the uninitiated that, beyond fried fish 71 Sanitary Administration. shops and bakers, a L.A. has no statutory power under the Public Health Acts to deal with premises as regards their suitability in all respects for the preparation of food for human consumption. Power only exists to deal with " nuisances " under Section 91 It is quite obvious that this Section is inadequate to deal with particular matters that are patent to restaurants, coffee-shops, and butchers. Some districts have useful power incorporated in a local Act. This, no doubt, is the best practicable way out of the difficulty, as the requirements vary according to the circumstances of each district. |
f36ae45e-f03f-4f7b-8a3f-894dfcaff09f | At the same time a Local Act should embody power enabling more than one Sanitary Inspector to be appointed to an Urban District, as in the Metropolitan Boroughs, thus increasing the efficiency of the administrative machinery. In both circumstances practically the same work is carried out. The disadvantages of the present system are many. For example, an Assistant Inspector may detect unsound or diseased food at premises. Having no direct power to make a seizure, he endeavours to persuade the tradesman to surrender the food. Failing surrender, the Inspector has to seek the M.O.H. or Inspector of Nuisances. Is it likely that the unsound food will be allowed to remain so that it can be seized ? The law, in its existing form, is, therefore, in favour of the wrongdoer, and fails to protect the public as they think they are protected. |
54b0c281-35a6-413a-8fbf-2e6fccba5803 | Certificates have been granted to tradesmen, submitting the following articles of food for inspection, to enable them to secure the return of the purchase-money from the wholesale dealers: 1 box of catfish, 8 boxes of tomatoes, 1 trunk of haddocks, 3 boxes of kippers. With regard to the Sale of Food and Drugs Acts, the procedure 72 Sanitary Administration. adopted in this district for the detection of fraudulent tradesmen seems to be somewhat farcical. Anyone who has had experience of "sampling" knows that it is a simple matter to take samples, but it is a different matter to procure adulterated samples. No good purpose would be served by going into the details of sampling, but this fact is apparent. A Sanitary Inspector, having some experience of the Sale of Food and Drugs Acts, should be instructed by the L.A. to take samples of food, as in other Urban Districts. |
e685501b-76d6-49fd-9647-0a9e8983c788 | They are the officers who have any knowledge of the varying circumstances or know the itinerant traders who frequent the district. Fish frying is the only offensive trade, and is now controlled by Bye-laws. There are 7 such shops in the district. The Public Health Authority have received a complaint, signed by twelve householders, certifying that the trade of a Fish Fryer, as carried on at White Hart Lane, causes effluvia and is a nuisance or injurious to the health of the inhabitants, the Public Health Committee have directed the Clerk to apply to the Justices for summons against the person by or on whose behalf the trade complained of is carried on with the view to enforcing penalties as provided by Section 114 of the Public Health Act, 1875. Alterations made to satisfaction of M.O.H. Summons dismissed, with costs against defendant. Premises controlled by Bye-laws. Trade. No. No. of Visits. No. |
2e64fd94-2f1b-4fe0-bfa6-73d47ddb4ae6 | of Notices serv»d. No. complied with. Fried Fish Shops 7 36 4 3 Slaughter Houses 1 8 - - Stable Yards 10 20 - - Houses let in Lodgings 43 129 28 28 73 Sanitary Administration. TABLE showing the number of certain places under the Council's supervision, and the visits made to them during 1914. BARNES. MORTLAKE. TOTALS. Places where petroleum is stored No. Visits. No. Visits. No Visits. 12 24 13 52 25 76 Servants' Registry Offices 4 4 8 8 12 12 Marine Stores 2 4 1 2 3 6 SALE OF FOOD AND DRUGS ACT. Barnes Urban District. Samples Analysed, 1914. Article. Number of Samples. Number Genuine. |
418bca29-7206-4b4d-982a-ee3de90a967d | Adulterated, or deteriorated. Proceedings taken. Convictions Total Fines and Costs. £ S. d. Milk 89 79 10 3 3 26 4 0 Butter 18 14 4 1 1 7 15 6 Margarine 1 1 — — — 0 0 0 Flour — — — — — — Spirits — — — — — - Cream — — — — — Totals 108 94 14 4 4 £33 19 6 FOOD CONTAMI NATIONIt is very important that the large group of persons who supply food for human consumption should develope a "clean food" conscience. 74 Sanitary Administration. |
f6cff264-5986-4d1b-ac61-6abd52b81b51 | They should all know by this time that dust and dnrt convey the germs of disease, and it should require no great effort of the magination to picture the wily microbe having a "joy ride" on the back of a particle of dust as it is chivvied about from place to place. Milk should be supplied to every householder on the sterilised bottle system, after severe tests at the farm before it leaves for the dairy. Two acts of thoughtless kindness impressed me recently in this district; in one case, on a Sunday morning, a gill of milk was sold to a customer on the pavement and was consumed there and then out of the milk measure; in the other case a small milk can, such as is left on doorsteps, was put in the road—upside down— and a little milk allowed to drain into the inverted and open lid, and this was offered to a cat which promptly lapped it up. |
ed8fcf1a-f29b-423d-9a20-188c2e71120f | Bread.—There is far too much handling of bread after it leaves the oven, and the final handling outside the house is often by a dirty boy who ought to be at school. Bread should invatiably be wrapped in paper before it leaves the shop for the van, the basket and the dirty hand. Meat.—Meat as a rule gets quite a " rind" of dirt on it before it reaches the householder; the handling at the slaughter house, the hanging at the abattoir, the handling of inspectors and buyers, the carting of it in dirty carts through the dirty streets, where it is sat upon by dirty men, all add their quota. The householder should sponge all meat well with clean cloth and salt water or vinegar before roasting or boilng it. Fruit and Vegetables are essentially dirty food products from the manner of packing and storage. All fruit should be washed or held under the tap before being eaten, especially grapes and succulent fruits. |
a35ebb88-eb26-4eeb-80ae-aa1d181c2c79 | Dates are about the worst offenders in this respect. Sweets.— Sweets should not be exposed for sale uncovered, and Sanitary Administration. 75 put in the window for show. It is just as easy to cover sweets with glass. No doubt many young children become ill by eating infected and dirty sweets. TABLE SHOWING WORK DONE DURING 1914 IN RELATION TO INFECTIOUS DISEASES, INCLUDING PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS. 1 Visits and inspections in consequence of notifiable disease 286 2 Disinfections performed 340 3 Lots disinfected by steam at the Isolation Hospital 251 4 No. of Notices served by the Medical Officer of Health 115 5 Premises inspected 286 6 *No. of secondary visits to Pulmonary Tuberculosis 36 7 No. of visits supervising works 432 * In addition to the visits under No. 1. |
e2314a33-0aba-404d-b40f-72aaf6ada9e1 | There were 6 deaths among residents from the following zymotic diseases:— Scarlet Fever 0 Diphtheria 0 Measles 1 Whooping Cough 0 Epidemic Diarrhoea 5 Typhoid Fever 0 6 This gives a Zymotic Death Rate of .17 per 1,000. 76 Sanitary Administration. Pulmonary Tuberculosis gives 31 deaths registered in the district, but after adding 7 deaths of residents who died outside the district and deducting 12 deaths of non-residents who died in the Hospital, we get a net resident number of 26, giving a Tuberculosis death rate of 1*9 per 1,000 per annum. HOUSING AND TOWN PLANNING ACT. The following work has been done under this Act during the year, and 2,250 houses have been inspected. |
d969cbbc-061d-4d9a-a986-d4ad4f498883 | As a result of this inspection 624 notices have been served, 15 closing orders have been made, and 3 demolition orders have been carried out. Report of the Inspectors appointed under the Housing and Town Planning Act, 1909. barnes. MORTLAKE. TOTALS. 1. No of dwelling houses which on inspection were considered to be in a state so dangerous or injurious to health as to be unfit for human habitation 14 1 15 2. No. of representations made to the Local Authority with a view to the making of closing orders 3. No. of closing orders made 14 1 15 4. No. of dwelling-houses, the defects in which were remedied without the making of closing orders 5. No. of dwelling houses which, after the making of closing orders, were put into a fit state for human habitation 6. No. |
85eb571d-0f17-4cf1-83bd-af44c16b4a15 | of houses demolished after closing orders — 3 3 77 Sanitary Administration. In the majority of cases the defects remedied were of a structural kind. 226 houses were cleansed, 37 yards were paved or repaired, 45 roofs and eaves gutters were repaired, 25 cases of dampness were remedied, and 4 cases of overcrowding abated. The work of reparation has been for the most part supervised by the Assistant Inspector, whose practical knowledge of building and plumbing has been of much service in this branch of the work of the Health Department. It appears strange that the Sanitary Inspectors, who, by virtue of their duties have a more intimate knowledge of the requirements of the working classes than any other officials, are not asked for any information when plans are drawn up, by the L.A., for workmen's dwellings. NEW ROADS IN 1914. Bracken Gardens Ferry Road Extension Suffolk Road Limes Avenue NEW SEWERS IN 1914. |
edf54ca1-0121-4427-ba66-53ad6281680c | Fife Road. WORKING CLASS HOUSES. No. demolished in 1914 16 in Malthouse Area. No. built and occupied 14 „ „ No. now building 8 „ ,, No. of prospective new houses for workpeople 32 The rents of the houses (which are well appointed) varies from 7s. 6d. to 8s. 6d. per week. 78 Hospital Administration. HOUSE BUILDING GENERALLY IN 1914. No. of plans approved 84 No. of houses erected during the year 184 No. building 152 OTHER DISTRICT IMPROVEMENTS. Street vvidenings have been carried out during the year in:— 1. The Upper Richmond Road near the Schools. 2. Near Christ Church Road on the Temple Grove Estate. 3. In Upper Sheen Lane along the frontage of Sheen House Estate. |
460167d7-a536-46b9-8f86-4f20df0cf828 | 4. In the Malthouse Area. 5. In the High Street, Barnes. In the Malthouse Area 16 of the old cottages have been pulled down, a new street called "Limes Avenue'' has been laid out, and 14 cottages have been built and occupied in the street. The work of pulling down the remaining cottages in this area, and erecting new cottages in their place is still being carried out. HOSPITAL. The Hospital is situated upon four acres of land, adjoining South Worple Way, Mortlake. The buildings consist of an administrative block, three ward blocks, discharge block, mortuary > laundry and disinfecting station, porter's lodge and several shelters for open air treatment. There is also a small building of galvanized iron for the sleeping accommodation of nurses on night duty. The Hospital contains 50 beds for cases of Scarlet Fever, Diphtheria, Enteric Fever and Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Hospital Administration. |
c42dfe7a-f103-4dfe-8452-de82c7846393 | 79 The Resident Staff consists of The Matron, 2 Sisters, 7 Probationers, 3 Ward Maids, 1 Laundress, 1 Laundry Maid, 1 Cook, 1 Kitchen Maid 1 House Maid, 1 Lodge Keeper (Porter and Wife), The Porter is also Mortuary Keeper. Outdoor Staff: 1 Gardener. Lectures are given to the Probationers by the Matron and Medical Superintendent. Certificates of proficiency art given at the end of two years' training, providing the theoretical and practical work have been satisfactory. These certificates are stamped with the Council's seal and are good testimonials for further posts. During 1914 the number of infectious cases admitted into Hospital was 160. There have been no deaths. No deaths in 160 cases of infectious disease, some of which were very severe, speaks well for the care and attention the patients get at the hospital. |
d30c58ce-148e-4904-a2f3-0b5ce61fd34c | The hospital is excellently managed by the Matron, who is able to get the best results with the maximum of economy consistent with efficiency, and the district is well served in having such a competent and experienced Matron in charge of its hospital. Probably 1914 is a record in that we have lost no cases of infectious disease, excluding, of course, the Tuberculosis side. 80 Hospital Administration. SCARLET FEVER. One hundred and twenty cases of Scarlet Fever were admitted during 1914, a large proportion of which occurred during the last quarter, when there was a smart outbreak—part of a general metropolitan outbreak. At times we were pressed for room, and a few cases had to be kept out for a few days until room could be found. |
18f8c825-422b-4625-a4f3-cf053d355088 | This was, in some cases, disadvantageous to the district, but at the same time the public should know that, even if a local authority builds and controls an Isolation Hospital, that authority is not legally bound to give way to the demands of any ratepayer for admission. In connection with this outbreak 1 reported as follows:— "The Scarlet Fever Block is for acute cases of Scarlet Fever, and where they are kept in bed for the first three weeks of the illness. This block contains two wards capable of accommodating eight patients in each This block is deficient in not being provided with two small single wards for observation and isolation purposes in cases of doubtful and mixed infections, and I would urge that these additions be made This would greatly diminish the arduous and responsible task of nursing cases of mixed infection with those of simple infection. "Scarlet Fever cases not infrequently develop or come in with whooping cough, measles, and chicken pox and diphtheria. |
d423a496-00b6-43f4-92e1-cc051bcf1823 | These cases should be isolated from the others, but our ward does not admit of this." Without going into a dissertation on the uses of an Isolation Hospital one can summarise as follows:— 1. An Isolation Hospital is of use to a district, when judiciously used, for those cases who cannot be satisfactorily isolated at home. 81 Hospital Administration. 2. Isolation Hospitals will never accomplish the eradication of scarlet fever, owing to missed cases, delay in notification, &c. 3. Isolation Hospitals have doubtless contributed largely in bringing about the mild type of disease one sees at present, because it has taken away from slummy surroundings cases which would otherwise go septic. 4. In times of rush, epidemic and overcrowding, an Isolation Hospital is probably worse than keeping the cases at home. Overcrowding in hospital comes to the same thing as the slummy house, and septic complications may arise. |
ae92d9d8-9c55-4443-8ff9-68b9b3caab11 | In connection with septic cases, should they occur in hospital, 1 have drawn up the following rules for the nurses:— RULES FOR SCARLET FEVER NURSING. 1. All newly admitted cases to be isolated as far as possible, or in some way kept aparc from the others for a fortnight. 2. Septic or dirty cases are not to mingle with clean cases, either in the wards or in the grounds. 3. Each case to have its own spray and all other accessories, the spray to be dipped into Izal solution before and after use. 4. The nurse attending to the nose and throat of every case, and more particularly septic cases, must wear rubber gloves. 5. The gloved hands are to be well rinsed in the Izal bowl at the foot of each bed before proceeding to the next case. 6. |
3667c1f6-d124-42ea-8d39-85c7e00e91da | Cases of ear discharge, nose discharge, neck glands, and kidney disease may be a direct reflection on the way the nurse does her duty. 7. Ward windows to be kept open in all weather. 8. All dressings and used wool to be burned at once. 82 Sanitary Administration. SCARLET FEVER. |
697a9cda-5f20-401e-b404-d647ae2aa8be | The following cases of Scarlet Fever were complicated or modified in some way:— Peeling on admission 8 Dental Caries 2 Abscess of Neck 1 Impetigo or other Skin disease 4 Nasal discharge 10 Albuminuria 5 Vaginitis 1 Ear discharge 9 Heart disease 1 Adenoids 9 Chorea 1 Enlarged Tonsils 18 *Mumps 1 „ Neck Glands 19 Conjunctivitis 1 Bronchial Catarrh 4 Rheumatism 2 Deafness 2 Ringworm 2 *Whooping Cough 2 Verminous 1 *Chicken Pox 2 * Shewing the need for Isolation Cubicles. There was one "return" case of Scarlet Fever during the year. Nasal discharge, neck glands, ear discharge, adenoids and tonsils are all a reflection on the neglect of the parents in not having their children's throats and noses seen to. |
33f81221-20db-4957-8777-7c09ed83f70a | Probably no child with tonsils and adenoids will escape Scarlet Fever, and when he gets it he will have it badly with complications which may handicap him for life. The nursing of these cases is arduous and responsible, the convalescence prolonged and the result often unsatisfactory. This state of things will go on so long as this parental neglect of the nose and throat goes on. DIPHTHERIA. The district has been fairly free of Diphtheria this year, except for a slight prevalence in the spring. Thirty-nine cases were admitted to the hospital, two or three were desperately ill, but no 83 SCARLET FEVER. Diagram showing 153 Scarlet Fever Notifications received during 1914. It will be noticed that only on 8 weeks out of the 52 were there no notifications received. The outbreak in the autumn is graphically shown. No deaths occurred from this disease during the year. 84 Hospital Administration. deaths occurred. |
4e816e17-ce47-4a3a-9a3b-5a0fd7bdf782 | Tracheotomy was required in one case, while another just escaped it by vomiting the membrane up. The complications were:— Tracheotomy 1 Mentally Defective 1 Serum Rash 2 Nasal Diphtheria 1 Paralysis 2 "Carrier" Cases 2 Scarlet Fever 1 Adenoids 1 Impetigo and other Skin disease 2 Enlarged Neck Glands 1 Nasal Discharge 1 Rheumatism 1 Conjunctivitis 1 Bronchitis 1 Verminous 1 Enlarged Tonsils 1 ENTERIC FEVER. One case was admitted, but no history of infection was obtained. He was a furniture remover and moved about in different parts of the county and was therefore difficult to locate. This patient died about two months after returning home from malignant disease. BACTERIOLOGY. |
4c840697-3d9e-413d-844e-8c91b3beb42c | The following Table shows the results of Bacteriological Examinations carried out by the Medical Officer of Health at the hospital during 1914:— Result. Diphtheria. Typhoid Fever. Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Other Diseases. Totals. Positive 59 — 65 14 138 Negative 84 3 56 8 151 Totals 143 3 121 22 289 It is proposed to give the Medical Superintendent a more 85 DIPHTHERIA, 1914. Fifty-six notifications. There has been no prevalence of Diphtheria beyond a few cases in the Spring. On 23 weeks there were no notifications received. No deaths occurred from this disease during the year. 86 Hospital Administration. commodious laboratory for his bacteriological work so soon as the new Tuberculosis ward block and dispensary are erected. TUBERCULOSIS SUMMARY FOR 1914. |
68d48846-1429-4fec-aa18-c4264b39cebd | SHEWING CHIEFLY WORK DONE AT THE HOSPITAL. Sixty-six cases of Pulmonary Tuberculosis were notified in 1914, against 74 in 1913 and 107 in 1912, This shews a diminution in the number of cases over a period of three years, and should do much to assuage the fears in some minds that the district runs a danger in admitting cases from outside to its hospital. TUBERCULOSIS DISPENSARY PATIENTS. |
27d974ba-58a4-483e-b20c-d5930690f278 | Number of new cases seen in 1914 107 Total number of cases seen since Dispensary opened 327 Of the 107 cases, 57 passed a course of treatment, plus 20 cases carried on from 1913 77 Residents attending Dispensary for course of treatment in 1914 58 Non-residents attending Dispensary for course of 77 treatment in 1914 19 Insured workers (resident and non-resident) attending Dispensary for course of treatment in 1914 42 Non-insured workers (resident only) attending Dis- 77 pensary for course of treatment in 1914 35 Patients improved in health 60 „ worse „ 10 77 „ died 7 Dispensary patients sent to a Sanatorium 16 Dispensary patients warded in Barnes hospital or Shelters during some part of their treatment 37 8; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS, 1914. Sixty-six notifications. |
3474b3c7-6852-4d1e-a7f3-552b30080026 | This diagram shows that on 17 weeks of the year no notifications of Consumption were received, and there appears to be no marked seasonal variations. Thirty-one deaths from this disease occurred during the year among residents. In addition to this, 7 cases have been transferred to us from other districts, and 12 deaths among non-residents have to be deducted, leaving a net number of 26 deaths for the year. 88 Hospital Administration. Those patients labelled improved, are nearly all cases able to go about their daily work, and in a good proportion of these the disease has been wholly or partially arrested. "Cure" is too optimistic a term to use in connection with this disease, and practically only occurs after lesions so slight as to warrant no obligation on the part of the patient to seek medical advice and treatment. A form of Tuberculin called Bacillary Emulsion has been consistently used in suitable cases, and in many cases has proved a useful adjunct to the general treatment. |
7d0a606a-213b-490a-8edb-d3daa1377872 | Given cautiously no untoward results occur, and in the thousands of injections given at this Dispensary, there has never been a skin abscess. Malt and Oil is given to most of the cases, and palliative, expectorant and tonic medicines—and other treatment where found necessary. In Patients: Eighty-nine patients were admitted to our ward in 1914, or 12 more than the previous year. Of these 89 cases, 79 were insured workers; some 15 improved sufficiently to be sent on to a Sanatorium; 16 died in the hospital, and 11 died after returning home; the wish being expressed in several cases that they might die at home, and no objection was raised seeing that the patients had been trained in the use of sputum cups and the destruction of their sputum. An analysis of the 89 cases shows: No change in 14 cases Improvement in 40 cases. Worse in 8 cases. Death in 27 cases. |
c4259648-1c80-4d58-b1c2-7181ac4b0c1e | Hospital Administration. 89 These figures are explained by the fact that practically all the cases admitted have the disease in an advanced stage. On looking over the 77 patients admitted during 1913, we find that 36 are still alive, 36 are dead, and 5 are untraced. TUBERCULOSIS ADMINISTRATION. Judged from the standpoint of the present medical knowledge of Tuberculosis, the campaign against the spread of the disease must be in the main preventive rather than curative, and must continue so until some specific means are found of destroying the Tubercle Bacillus. All the Dispensary can do at present is to advise, educate, and prescribe such remedies as will alleviate distress or stimulate the patients' powers of resistance. The Hospital treatment is purely preventive by reducing the risks of spreading infection. The Sanatorium treatment is purely educational. Domiciliary treatment is next to useless among the working classes. SANATORIUM TREATMENT. |
a8f452e4-fbfc-4ca5-a5e0-d1660c7d2c8a | Sanatorium treatment is quite distinct from Hospital treatment, and as much so as Hospital treatment is distinct from Dispensary treatment. What can be done in Barnes ? 1. We can treat Hospital cases, i.e., advanced and brokendown cases in our wards. 2. We can treat early cases, and chronic resistant cases at our Dispensary. 3. Can we treat the intermediate case as well as some other Institutions ? By the intermediate case, I mean a case with a pronounced but not an advanced lesion, and one whose resistance is lowered, i.e., 90 Hospital Administration. the disease has a tendency to get the upper hand. It is found in these cases that Dispensary treatment alone is not sufficient, but that on the other hand the case is not one for the Hospital. In other words he is a Sanatorium case. Can we as at present placed treat this case satisfactorily ? |
ee43d938-8960-4106-aa8c-db427b13d256 | Up to a certain point, yes, i.e., we can give him a month's open air treatment in a shelter in order to watch his progress. If the progress is satisfactory then he should be transferred to a Sanatorium proper, and there put through such physical outdoor culture as we cannot give him here. The air and surroundings moreover in other Sanatoria might be preferable to those found locally. 4. With regard to the keeping on of our shelters I would suggest that they might be somewhat reduced, and that if we kept accommodation for five patients that would be sufficient. I say this because the new ward block will have cubicles and verandahs, so that any individual case can be treated practically in the open air should his condition justify it. I might then summarise as follows:— 1. Keep on the Dispensary. 2. Maintain a cubicle ward to hold twelve, more or less advanced cases. 3. |
e2a80660-4fc2-4d48-898c-1c692d498508 | Retain some shelters for observation purposes, and particularly for those patients whom we intend to draft shortly into a properly established Sanatorium where advanced cases are not treated. AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE SURREY C.C AND THE BARNES U.D.C. The County Council will during the continuance of this agreement establish Institutional treatment of Tuberculosis in the said Urban District by means of a Dispensary, a Hospital and Shelters. 91 Hospital Administration. The District Council will erect in the grounds of the Isolation Hospital, South Worple Way, Mortlake, the said Dispensary and Hospital, and will reserve for the purposes of out-door treatment under this Agreement a three-bed shelter and two single shelters already provided by the said District Council in the said grounds. The said Dispensary and Hospital shall be erected in positions and in accordance with plans and estimates of cost to be previously approved by the County Council, the said Hospital to contain at least a twelve bed ward block. |
0c0e9f87-da0d-4ad3-af4d-ee92435b20d0 | The District Council shall also provide for the Dispensary, Hospital and Shelters, all proper necessary and adequate furniture and equipment, drugs and appliances. The District Council will, at their own cost, maintain and keep during the continuance of this Agreement the said Dispensary, Hospital and Shelters with the necessary and efficient medical and nursing staff and servants, and in particular will appoint and pay the salary of the Medical Officer of Health for the said District or other Medical Officer approved by the County Council to be the Tuberculosis Officer of the said District, and will appoint, subject to the approval of the County Council, and pay the salary of a Health Visitor to act as Tuberculosis Nurse and Visitor in the said district. The Medical service of the Institutional treatment of Tuberculosis provided for under this Agreement shall be under the general supervision and directions of the County Medical Officer of Health or other the Medical Officer appointed by the County Council to act as Tuberculosis Officer of the County. |
48295960-b5da-4d0a-b89b-a9607868b42a | The County Council will pay to the District Council for or towards the maintenance and upkeep of institutional treatment by the District Council in the said dispensary hospital and shelters, the following sums:— (a) for dispensary treatment £100 per annum. 92 Hospital Administration. (b) for the services of a Health Visitor, twenty-five pounds per annum. (c) for the treatment in hospital or shelter of each approved patient being an insured person or the dependent of an insured person under the National Insurance Act, 1911, the sum of thirty shillings per week to include all patients' cost of maintenance treatment, nursing and food. (d) for the like treatment of patients resident in the said district who are neither insured nor dependent the sum of fifteen shillings per week inclusive of all charges the balance of the cost of treatment to be found by the District Council and the patients in such proportions as they may respectively agree. |
72306bc8-9249-484c-954d-a97087b54722 | (e) for the like treatment of non-insured persons resident in other parts of the Administrative County the sum of thirty shillings per week inclusive of all charges. The result of the Agreement will be that at the end of 20 years the Ward Block and Dispensary becomes the property of this District Council, and that in case of need this Council can acquire them at any time on terms which under the circumstances seem reasonable. The Tuberculosis Ward block and Dispensary are in course of erection, and so soon as they are completed the little mortuary adjacent will be converted into a bacteriological laboratory. A small mortuary for infectious cases has recently been added to the present public mortuary. The furnishing and equipment of the new buildings will cost about £200, after allowing £50 for stock in hand. TUBERCULOSIS. |
566a0662-9bc8-4816-a302-64683cfc5d0a | The deaths from Tuberculosis of the lungs for the last two years are in excess of the average for the last ten years, but this is probably due to the compulsory notification of the disease Hospital Administration. 93 and more correct certification. With regard to deaths from other forms of Tuberculosis there is no marked change during the ten years. The death rate from all forms of Tuberculosis is, however, only half that for England. Year Population. Tuberculosis of lungs. Other Tuberc. Total Deaths. District Death rate per 1,000 of population. Rate for Engl'nd. |
ab978788-52fb-434d-a39b-d2c730326164 | 1914 34,745 26 8 34 0-98 1913 33,386 33 8 41 1-2 3-5 1912 32,000 28 5 33 1*3 1911 30,786 21 11 32 1-03 *1910 32,500 22 9 31 103 30,000 •■=1909 30,500 23 1 24 0-83 29,000 1908 28,500 19 5 24 0-84 1907 28,000 18 6 24 0-85 1906 25,500 13 7 20 0-78 1905 24,250 30 9 39 1-60 1904 23,200 17 8 25 1-64 *Population over-estimated. |
bea4e593-dbe0-401f-89d3-028957b8a177 | In 1914 the notifications have been less than in the previous two years, and the resident deaths much less. Towards this improvement the Dispensary has, 1 venture to think, played its small part. 94 Hospital Administration. PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS CASES, 1914. TABLE shewing treatment of cases. Ages. Attending other hospitals includ'g Richm'd Infiriy. Dispensary Treatment. Private. Mortlake Hospital Sanatorium Left District. All ages. 16 27 16 14 9 3 1 and under 15 6 9 — 3 1 - 15 and under 25. 1 5 1 4 3 1 25 and under 45. 4 8 4 4 5 2 45 and under 65. 3 4 3 3 - - 65 and upwards. |
a5e6f4b2-3fed-4849-92a0-ae5cca761fcf | 2 1 4 - - - Note.—Totals do not correspond with No. notified. Total No. notified 67* Hygienic condition of premises Bad 10 Fair 22 Good 35 *Three of these are doubtful cases and one ease passing through Barnes only. NON PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS, 1914. Ages. Barnes. Mortlake. 1—15 8 9 15-25 — 1 25—45 2 3 46—65 — 1 95 PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS, 1914. TABLE shewing occupations and Ages:— INDOOR. OUTDOOR. Ages. Servant. Warehouseman. Clerk. Shop Assistant. Caretaker. Tailors Presser. Packer. Barman Bus Conductor. Labourer. |
58de1dc9-4748-4d62-8168-f5441eec9bdc | Brewery Worker, Errand Boy. Club Grou'dm n Plumber. Unclassified occupations. No occupations. Married Women. 1 and under 15 - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - 14 — 15 and under 25 3 - 2 — — — — — — — 1 1 — - — 7 1 25 and under 45 3 1 4 1 1 — — 1 — 2 1 — 1 — - 1 5 45 and under 65 — — 3 — — 1 1 — 1 1 1 — — 1 — 1 5 65 and over - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - — 22 11 23 11 Note.—This table shews the preponderance of the disease among indoor workers in the ratio of 2 to 1. |
b745d4aa-6e39-4eb7-861a-f3ce1f2030a1 | Total cases notified 67—1914. Deaths 26 „ „ 74—1913. „ 33 „ „ 106-1912. „ 28 Statistical Cables. 98 TABLE 1. Vital Statistics of whole District during 1914 and previous Years. Name of District—Barnes Urban. Year Population estimated to middle of each year. Births. Total Deaths Registered in the District. Transferable Deaths Nett Deaths belonging to the District. Of nonresidents registered in the District. Of residents not registered in the District. Uncorrected Number. Nett. Under 1 year of age. At all ages. Number. Rate. Number. Rate per 1,000 nett births Number. Rate. Number. Rate. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 1909. |
e5b302cc-cb08-454c-b233-00601972d0bc | 28181 703 — 24.9 277 7.8 — 44 62 88 321 11.00 1910. 29437 682 — 23.1 215 7.3 — 44 47 69 259 9.1 1911. 30786 721 731 23.7 272 8.8 9 73 70 95 336 10.9 1912. 32000 679 700 21.8 220 69 11 82 41 58.5 291 9.0 1913. 33386 718 736 22.07 294 8.8 29 85 62 84.2 350 10.5 1914. |
17b1602d-2fa7-4f39-bd9e-8535d046a62b | 34,745 734 754 21 7 276 7.9 28 88 48 63.6 336 9.6 Area of District in acres Total population at all ages 30,377 (land and inland 2,518 Number of inhabited houses 7,157 At Census of 1911 water). Average number of persons per house 4.2 TABLE II. Cases of Infectious Disease notified during the year 1914. Notifiable Disease. Number of Cases Notified. Total Cases notified in each locality. Total Cases removed to Hospital. At all ages. At ages—Years. 1 . 2 Under 1. 1 to 5. 5 to 15. 15 to 25 25 to 45. 45 to 65 65 and upw'ds. Barnes M'rti'ke. Small pox — — — — — — — — — - — Cholera or |
fbf571e4-ffe2-453f-b7d9-b5bca8eee35b | Plague - - - - - - - - - - - Diphtheria (including Membranous Croup) 56 — 7 24 13 7 5 - 17 39 40 Erysipelas 11 — — - 2 4 5 — 7 4 — Scarlet Fever 153 1 35 95 15 6 1 — 54 99 119 Typhus Fever — — — — — — — - — — — Enteric Fever 2 - - - - 1 1 - 1 1 2 Relapsing Fever - — — — — — — — — — — Continued Fever Puerperal Fever — — — — — — — — — — — Cerebro-spinal Meningitis - - - - - - - - - - - Poliomyelitis — — — — — — — — — - — Ophthalmia Neonatorum 2 2 - - - - - - - 2 |
d928a742-00b2-4e87-b129-b05bbe52ea04 | - Pulmonary Tuberculosis 66 — 2 13 14 22 14 1 22 44 13 Barnes 14 Other Hosp. 27 Other forms of Tuberculosis 22 1 7 7 1 6 — — 9 13 - Totals 312 4 51 139 45 46 26 1 110 202 188 Isolation Hospital—South Worple Way, Mortlake. S.W. Tuberculosis Dispensary, Hospital Block and Shelters—South Worple Way, Mortlake. 100 TABLE III. Causes of, and Ages at, Death during the year 1914. Causes of Death. Nett Deaths at the subjoined ages of "Residents" whether occurring within or without the District. Total Deaths whether of Residents or Nonresidents in Institutions in the District. All Ages Under 1 year. 1 and under 2. 2 and under 5. |
57312987-5187-4b33-b80e-769cd8bc7c58 | 5 and under 15. 15 and under 25 25 and under 45. 45 and under 65. 65 and upwards. All Causes (certified) 364 48 7 11 6 19 59 100 114 — Enteric Fever — - — — — — — — - — Small-pox — — - — — — - - - — Measles 1 — — — 1 — - — — - Scarlet Fever - — — — — — — — — — Whooping Cough 4 3 1 — — — — — - — Diphtheria and Croup — — - — — — - — — — Influenza 2 — — — — — — - - — Erysipelas — — — - - — — — — Phthisis (Pulmonary Tuberculosis) 38 — — — 1 7 14 15 16 (Res. 4 Non-Res. |
c3bbb68b-6d4f-41e7-8007-44fbf2d810e9 | 12) Tuberculous Meningitis 4 2 2 — — — — — — - Other tuberculous diseases 4 — 1 1 1 1 — — - — Cancer, malignant disease 34 — — — — — 5 9 20 — Rheumatic Fever 1 — — — — 1 — — — — Meningitis 1 — — 1 — — — — — — Organic Heart Disease 39 — - - 1 1 7 16 1 1 101 meningitis - — * 1 Organic Heart Disease 39 — — 1 1 7 16 1 — Bronchitis 22 — — — — — 7 14 - Pneumonia (all forms) 20 6 — 3 1 1 3 3 3 - Other diseases of Respiratory organs 5 — - — 1 - - 1 3 - Diarrhœa and Enteritis 9 6 2 |
f68f5840-b4dc-4476-a7b1-0e690061d930 | 1 — - — — - - Appendicitis and Typhlitis 3 — — 1 — - 1 1 — - Cirrhosis of Liver 10 — — — — — 3 7 - - Alcoholism - - - - - - - - - - Nephritis and Bright s Disease 10 - — - - - - 5 5 - Puerperal fever — - — — — — - — — - Other accidents and diseases of Pregnancy and Parturition 3 - 1 - - - 2 - - - Congenital Debility and Malformation, including Premature Birth 16 16 - - - - - - - - Violent Deaths, |
fce8341c-1273-491d-a6d8-ab58798bbe7b | excluding Suicide 21 1 - - - 4 4 9 3 - Suicide 4 — — - - - 1 2 1 - Other defined diseases 113 13 - 3 — 4 19 23 51 - Diseases ill-defined or unknown - - — — - — — — — - Totals 364 48 7 11 6 19 59 100 114 - Inquests—Residents, 27 ; Non-Residents, 17; Total, 44. 102 TABLE IV. Infant Mortality during the Year 1914. Nett Deaths from stated causes at various ages under 1 Year of Age. CAUSE OF DEATH. Under 1 Week 1-2 Weeks. 2-3 Weeks. 3-4 Weeks. Total under 1 Month. 1-3 Months. 3-6 Months. 6-9 Months. 9-12 Months. Total Deaths under I year. |
1eb07a19-cc76-41de-b793-ced9eb6f37d5 | All Causes (certified) . 9 1 2 6 18 12 10 6 2 48 Small-pox - - - - - - - - - - Chicken-pox — — — - — — - — - — Measles — - — - - - — — — — Scarlet Fever - - - - - - - - - - Whooping Cough — — - - — 1 1 1 — 3 Diphtheria and Croup — — — — — - — - — — Erysipelas — — — — - - — — — — Tuberculous Meningitis — — — - — — 1 1 — 2 Abdominal Tuberculosis — — — — — - — — — — Other Tuberculous Diseases — — - - — — — — — — Meningitis (not Tuberculous) — — — — — - — — — — Convulsions - - - - - - - - - - Laryngitis |
98297732-64e5-42af-bbea-9405ed579634 | — — - - — — — — — - Bronchitis — — — - - — - 1 — 1 Pneumonia (all forms) — — - - — - 3 3 - 6 103 Diarrhœa — — — — — 3 2 — — 5 Enteritis — — — — — 1 — — - 1 Gastritis — - 1 1 2 1 — — — 3 Syphilis — 1 — 1 2 2 — — — 4 Rickets — — — — — — — — — — Suffocation, |
8517d20f-e699-45bd-ac98-7d295544f117 | overlying — — — 1 1 — 1 — — 2 Injury at birth — — — — — — — — — - Atelectasis — — - — — — — — — - Congenital Malformations 3 — 1 — 4 — — — — 4 Premature Birth 5 — — 1 6 — — — — 6 Atrophy, Debility, and Marasmus — — — 2 2 3 1 — 1 7 Other Causes 1 - - - 1 1 1 - 1 4 Totals 9 1 2 6 18 12 10 6 2 48 Nett Births in the year Legitimate, 718 Illegitimate, 36. Nett Deaths in the year of Legitimate Infants, 45. Illegitimate Infants, 3 |
1eb8c7d7-e780-47e7-80d2-f9baa3b77320 | CT AC4413(I)BARAES BARN (Later Mun.B.) Annual Report on the Health, Sanitary Conditions, etc., of the URBAN DISTRICT OF BARNES, for the Year 1916. by B. C. Stevens, a.d,, f.r.cs.e., d.p.h., Medical Officer of Health Barnes, S.W R. W. Simpson & Co., Ltd., Printers, 15 High Street, 1917. Urban District Council ot Barnes. BARN 2 Urban District Council of Barnes. Annual Report on the Health, Sanitary Conditions, etc., of the URBAN DISTRICT OF BARNES, for the Year 1916. by b. C. Stevens, w.d., f.r.c.s.e, d.p.h., Medical Officer of health JBarnes, S.W.: R. W. Simpson & Co., Ltd., Printers, 15 High Street, 1917. THE Urban District Council of Barnes. Public Health Department. |
b590c0a4-de63-4e69-b491-82219749d5fc | Staff. Medical Officer of Health, Medical Superintendent of Isolation Hospital, Tuberculosis Officer, etc. Bertram Crossfield Stevens, F.R.C.&. (Kdin.j, D.P.H (Oxon.), M.D.. M.S. (Dunelm), L.R.C.P. (Lond.) Assistant School Medical Officer Surrey Education Committee. Medical Officer, Child Welfare Centre and Day Nursery. Sanitary Inspector and Inspector of Housing, T. Grylls, Senior Assistant Sanitary Inspector and Assistant Inspector of Bousing, *C. H. Robinson, R.P.C., Cert. San. Insp. Exam. Board. Junior Assistant Sanitary Inspector, C. W. Slade, A.R.S.I. Matron of the Hospital, Miss L. Wood (Resigned). Health Visitor and Tuberculosis Nurse, Miss Williams. * Absent on Military Service. Statistical Memoranda for 1916. Area—Barnes 1, |
5538aa1f-a68f-4808-abd6-da37b596722b | 067 acres „ Mortlalse 1,583 „ 2,650 Tidal waters of foreshore 133 2,517 *Population (approximately) 34,745 *Birth Rate 164 per 1,000 Residential Death Rate for 1916 7.3 , After adding deaths of residents * district Death dying outside the district and' q.ij Rate for 1916b deducting those of noil.residents i ' " (.dying in the district Zymotic Death Rate .3 „ Pulmonary Tuberculosis (Residents only) 1.03 „ Infantile Death Rate 68.4 per 1,000 births Census Population, 1901 17,900 1911 30,377 Rateable value—Agricultural land £1,790 , „ Other Hereditaments £282,033 Assessable Value £261,920 General District Rate 3/6 Poor Rate—Barnes 3/5 „ , Mortlake 3/6 Id. |
5b0cda59-a9e7-49c8-81d6-b79d2cf5e49b | in the £ for District Rate Purposes produces £1,047. ANNUAL REPORT. The Council House, Mortlake, S.W. The Chairman ami Members oj the Barnes Urban District Council. Gentlemen, I beg to submit my annual report for 1916. This year the tables of Vital Statistics will be compiled by the Registrar General. My duty, therefore, consists in giving you purely local figures so far as 1 have them at my disposal, and also to make the report a concise but complete record of the year's work for information and future reference. Although we have been under.staffed, 1 trust that we have coped with the extra work thrown on the department by recent legislation, to your satisfaction. The two inspectors and the Health Visitor have worked consistently hard through the year. Infectious disease is lower, the death rate and infantile mortality are lower, and great efforts are being made to preserve infant life, as the birth rate is also lower. |
f30048ea-0383-48c3-bc08-30f7ad0d8e6f | 1 am, Gentlemen, Your obedient servant, January, 1917 B. C. Stevens. 6 Vital Statistics. VITAL STATISTICS. The Registrar General is undertaking this duty this year, and his tables will be found in an appendix to the Report. The population I still estimate as the same as in 1914, viz. 34,745. The exodus of men being counterbalanced by the natural increase of the population, viz., the excess of births over deaths, and by the influx of new comers to the district. Very few houses remain empty, there being about 7,800 inhabited houses in the district. The Births notified in the district number 570, compared with 636 for 1915. The Births will probably continue to fall for a few years owing to the present social and economic conditions. For 1916 the rate is 16 4 per 1,000 of the population, compared with 18.3 in 1915. |
adc164e0-c8c5-4dde-9e3e-5468cb189eb2 | The Deaths of residents in the district number 256, compared with 287 in 1915. This gives a residential death rate of 7.3 per 1,000, compared with 8'2 in 1915. This is a strictly residential death rate, and does not include people who have died elsewhere and given a Barnes or Mortlake address. This rate is 9.7, compared with 10.9 in 1915. Deaths from the principal Zymotic Diseases number 11 in 1916, compared with 28 in 1915. The district Infantile Mortality or deaths under 1 year number 37, compared with 55 in 1915. This gives a death rate of 68 4, compared with 83 8 in 1915. The deaths from Tuberculosis of the Lungs in 1916 number 36, compared with 29 in 1915. |
f1c35e9e-01db-4d95-94fe-90ec93dc70c3 | Deaths From Cancer number 29, compared with 22 in 1916. The number of illegitimate births number 24, with 11 deaths, compared with 27 in 1915, with 14 deaths. VACCINATION AND SMALL.POX. Fifteen per cent, of the school children are unvaccinated, and exemption certificates are obtained for 25 per cent, of all children born in the district. In order to prevent the spread of small.pox, every individual should be twice successfully vaccinated. The present half.and.half measures are a common danger, as a person, say, vaccinated once Vital Statistics. 7 in infancy may contract the disease in a mild form, be undetected and spread the disease far and wide, whereas, if he had not been vaccinated at all he would get the disease badly, be very ill, would be recognised at once, and promptly isolated, while all contacts would be immediately vaccinated. INFECTIOUS DISEASES. |
37afd025-4298-4685-a520-a00f469ceb33 | The notifications of infectious disease were considerably m lower than in the previous year. Measi.es and German Measles. The compulsory notification of these diseases began in January, 1916. 229 cases of Measles and 200 cases of German Measles were notified either by parent or doctor. That there were only two deaths speaks well for the home visiting and advice given by the Health Visitor. In certain cases attended by medical men where isolation was not properly enforced, notice thereof was taken by the Medical Officer of Health. My report to the Public Health Committee on the utility of notifying these diseases is set out below. Measles and German Measles. Report on Public Health (Measles and German Measles) Regulations ' 1915, 50 far as they concern the Urban District of Barnes. |
6d7f5ab9-ee72-4896-834f-c655a027d93b | The notice states that:— " The above regulations came into operation on 1st January, 1916, and shall then apply and have effect in this district and shall be enforced and executed by the Local Authority. " The object of the Public Health (Measles and German Measles) Regulations, 1915, and of the requirement as to notification, is the protection of the children." There are two surprises in these regulations. Firstly, that German Measles (Rubella), should be included and Whooping Cough left out; and, secondly, that the word " German " should be allowed to qualify the second disease. 8 Vital Statistics. The objections to the inclusion of Rubella, or German Measles, founded on experience are:— (a) It is not dangerous to life. (b) It is not essentially a disease of infancy. (c) It is treated by everyone, including doctors, as a trifling indisposition. |
c84b8e9a-348d-493b-8d0f-a013a919913e | (d) The patient—often feeling perfectly well—is not going to be properly isolated for 3 weeks. (e) The disease need not be confused with ordinary Measles, and is in fact quite dissimilar With regard to Measles the case is very different:— (a) It is a dangerous disease to infancy. {b) It requires careful nursing. (c) It requires one week in bed, one week in the bedroom, and one week in the house. Here notification has been valuable in that it has secured medical attention and visits from the Health Authority. The age groups for Measles show that one-fourth of the cases were in children up to and including 5 years of age. One half occurred in children of school age, and one-fourth in youth and adult age in equal proportion. The age groups for Rubella (German Measles) show that only one-sixth of the cases occurred in children up to and including 5 years of age. |
a13b251d-aaac-49d8-9205-92c4d1ad4ba7 | Between one-half and two-thirds occurred in children of school age, and one-fourth in youth and adult age in equal proportion. The large proportion of cases among school children would seem to indicate that if notification was useful in their cases, it was in enforcing absence from school until the period of infectivity was over, and so keeping down the spread of infection. At the same time, three weeks appears too long for Rubella; probably a fortnight is sufficient for the patient and three weeks for the contacts. In the case of Measles three weeks isolation is necessary, not so much to prevent infection as to prevent any such complication as bronchopneumonia. Measles is probably not infectious after the rash and catarrhal symptoms have subsided, and Rubella probably becomes Vital Statistics. 9 harmless after the rash has gone and the neck glands have subsided. In both Measles and Rubella the patient is infectious before the rash appears, and therefore before the disease becomes manifest. |
1ef1f4f1-3fb1-4a76-b067-6cb164170016 | Disinfection is not done as a routine measure in all cases, but only if desired or thought necessary. One infant school only was closed during the present outbreak. The outbreak this year has been mild, whereas in 1915 there were more severe cases. The poorer parts of the district have been singularly exempt. LOCAL GOVERNMENT (EMERGENCY PROVISIONS) ACT, 1916. (Chap. 12), Section 5. Sub-Section (a), of the above Act, is as follows: — " The fee to be paid to a medical practitioner for a certificate or notification sent by him to a Medical Officer of Health in respect of a case of disease to which the Infectious Disease Notification Act applies, occurring in his private practice, shall be One Shilling and no more." Scarlet Fever. 94 cases of this disease were notified, compared with 137 in 1915, and 154 in 1914. |
faefa793-f1a2-4329-871a-98432f61caef | 81 of these were removed to hospital, 77 to the Council's Isolation Hospital, and 4 to other hospitals. One was a military case, and one was wrongly diagnosed, and turned out to be cellulitis of the neck, and died of pycemia. There were no deaths in the District from Scarlet Fever. A small outbreak in one school necessitated its closure for ten days, after which no further cases arose. Diphtheria. 34 cases of this disease were notified compared with 41 in 1915. 10 Vital Statistics. 25 of these were admitted to our hospital, when 2 were found not to be diphtheria. One case proved fatal. Several cases were admitted from a private school, some of whom were " carriers " detected after swabbing all the boarders and staff. If antitoxin were injected early, and in every case of doubt, there would be very little need for tracheotomy, and practically no deaths. |
8b264866-8338-429a-9c97-a4969ab0d8b7 | Enteric Fever, Thanks to pure water and sound drainage enteric or typhoid fever continues to remain almost a negligible quantity in the District. Two cases were notified—one was removed to hospital, the other nursed at home—both recovered. Erysipelas. The notification of this disease to the Public Health Authority is not of much practical value, and might with economical advantage be deleted from the list of compulsorily notifiable diseases. Eight cases were notified, and one was removed to the Infirmary. Puerperal Fever. Only one case was notified, and that was a fatal one. Puerperal Fever should disappear as personal and domestic cleanliness improves, and with the attendance of properly qualified midwives and medical care. Ophthalmia Neonatorum. Only one case was notified. This disease should be rigidly kept under by careful attention to the infant's eyes by a properly qualified person immediately on its birth. Cerebro-Spinal Fever. |
27e734f3-c23e-4c07-9f6b-a1dc77c9d6cd | Three cases were notified, and one removed to hospital. One case was fatal. This disease is spread by " carriers " only, and is likely to occur where there is overcrowding. Tuberculosis. 11 The organism causing Cerebro-Spinal Fever can be detected either by swabbing the throat or by withdrawing fluid from the spinal cord. Acute Poliomyelitis (Infantile Paralysis). Three cases of this disease were notified, with no fatalities. The germ of this disease probably gains admission to the nervous system by means of the upper air passages. Pulmonary Tuberculosis. 55 cases of this disease were notified compared with 60 in 1915; 66 in 1914; and 74 in 1913, thus showing a steady improvement. The Tuberculosis Dispensary and Wards in the Isolation Hospital Grounds provides treatment for these cases. |
ab03f60e-0428-4deb-996e-b50c5fb594fc | During 1916, 120 new cases attended the Dispensary for diagnosis or treatment, many of whom were found not to be tubercular. In addition to these, 47 were carried over from 1915 for further treatment. In the hospital 30 of the more advanced local cases were treated. From my experience of this disease the following deductions are summarised:— That the high ideals and principles governing the efficient treatment of tuberculosis are at present subservient to the commercial and economic side of the question. Theoretically, no expense should be spared in the treatment of this disease; practically, we are hemmed in on all sides by the limitations of our powers of expenditure. That " after-care " and " colonization " schemes could, when once established, be made partially, if not wholly, self-supporting. That the return of the average patient to his home after a limited course of treatment seems very often indeed the undoing of the good he has derived from institutional treatment. |
8a49d068-1ea9-4500-a9b9-1f14797935fe | That I have no faith in domiciliary treatment, and that the man who can run a working man's home on Sanatorium lines is a genius, and that it cannot be done, or anything approaching it, so long as human nature is what it is. 12 Tuberculosis. That the advanced case wants humouring, for his mentality is often unstable and his ideas and fancies are queer. This state is often aggravated if the patient knows he is doing badly. If he can leave his bed let him do so, feed him with varied and tasty dishes, and keep his mind interested on things outside himself. That well-marked cases in young people usually run a rapid downhill course, owing to an absence of natural or acquired immunity. That no curative properties can be ascribed to tuberculin, nor does its effect appear to be so good without the adjuncts of rest, good food, and fresh air. |
ada67864-da45-4270-bbc8-4592c19b06a8 | Tuberculin is not required at all where the patient can be got to do graded work under medical supervision, which at present is only possible in a Sanatorium. That a number of gardeners appear among the patients, and that the soil or manure they work in may be a contributory factor. That patients should not be sent to a seaside resort, where the sand " bloweth where it listeth." Sand is not a soothing application to the inflamed throat and bronchial tubes. That strong and influential "after-care" committees seem to be wanted to follow up the comsumptive when he returns home. . Also a tuberculosis " unemployment " bureau would be useful in finding suitable work for consumptives who cannot, or are not allowed, to follow their old occupations. The committee should see that the patient— < (a) Has a bedroom to himself; (b) Moves to a suitable house ; (c) Gets proper nourishment and medical treatment. |
78117baf-c0d3-4981-afa2-51ddc78ac078 | (d) Destroys all expectoration ; (e) Convinces his employer that with reasonable care he is not infectious. That the question of employment after discharge is a difficult one, with barriers of prejudice and ignorance to be first broken down. On the other hand one has to balance the hope of the patient taking advantage of his training and practising it, against the risk of his not doing so, and thereby infecting his fellow workmen. Is the risk justifiable ? Tuberculosis. 13 That more than half the patients who come for treatment are in the prime of life, and therefore of greatest value to the State, and that many of the cases ought to he discovered earlier than they are. That tuberculosis is essentially a disease of environment, aggravated, doubtless, by an hereditary predisposition, and that it behoves us to keep a very watchful eye on all "contacts" in a home where there is an " open " case of pulmonary tuberculosis. |
60841299-8e4b-48d0-9678-c26bbae14cff | That cases of blood-spitting and pleurisy are nearly all tubercular, and that influenza, followed by pneumonia, is often the forerunner of tuberculosis. That one-fourth of the patients admitted to a hospital for advanced cases have previously had institutional treatment without any permanent benefit. That so long as the consumptive is allowed to return to his home the scheme devised by the Government for controlling the spread of the disease will, to some extent, fail. Farm colonies are the ideal scheme for the permanent sequestration of all marked and incurable cases. RECENT PUBLIC HEALTH LEGISLATURE. The Local Government Board have issued a General Order dated 13th May, 1916, entitled The Public Health (Tuberculosis) Regulations, !916. This order states that:— Article 2. |
af45fa33-170e-47e0-ab24-f253743b5fc4 | (a) Every Medical Officer of Health shall send to the Army Council, Whitehall, London, in the form shown on the Schedule in this Order, a list containing the names and other specified particulars of all tuberculosis male persons entered in the register kept by the Medical Officer of Health in pursuance of sub-division 2 of Article 11 of the Regulations of 1912 who were between the ages of eighteen and forty-five years on the first day of January, 1916. (6) Every Medical Officer of Health shall send to the Army Council the name and other specified particulars of every tuberculous male person between the ages of sixteen and forty-five years hereafter entered in the said register within a week after the entry is made therein. 14 Tuberculosis. It is apparent that not much use is made of this information, for recruits are still called up and examined by the Recruiting Medical Board, and sometimes referred to our Dispensary for confirmation or opinion. |
3263ceb3-d333-45ad-aa53-eacdafcf9b9b | The Tuberculosis (Domiciliary Treatment in England) Order of 1916 states that from January, 1917, with regard to cases of consumption treated at home :— Article II.—The treatment shall be carried out under the care and direction of a Medical Practitioner, subject to the following conditions, and to such other conditions as we may in any case from time to time approve; that is to say :— (1) That the Medical Practitioner attend each patient at such intervals as may be necessary in the interest of the patient. (2) That the Medical Practitioner give the patient such instructions as are required as to his mode of living, diet, rest, and work, and as to precautions necessary to protect the patient against re-infection. |
560036fe-cb98-43ee-b6f5-1a27cd3d47f5 | (3) That the Medical Practitioner prepare and transmit to the Consulting Officer at such reasonable intervals, not being less often than than once in every three months, as may be arranged between them, a report in regard to each patient in the Form set forth in the Schedule to these Regulations. (4) That the Medical Practitioner make arrangements with the Consulting Officer for each patient to be examined by the Consulting Officer not less often than once in every twelve months. (5) That the Medical Officer confer with the Consulting Officer at such times and in such circumstances as may be arranged between them in regard to patients under the care of the Medical Practioner. (6) That the Medical Practitioner from time to time inform the Medical Officer of Health of the Sanitary District in which the patient resides, of any circumstances known to the Medical Practitioner which may affect adversely the Hospital Administration. |
f98eeb47-8022-4a9a-a1e1-7b03af6590a1 | 15 sanitary conditions under which the patient is living, and in respect to which action by the Medical Officer of Health or of the Sanitary Authority would, in the opinion of the Medical Practitioner, be necessary or desirable. VENEREAL DISEASES. The treatment of these diseases on the basis of voluntary notification by the patient to a qualified medical practitioner is controlled by the Surrey County Council. Hospital treatment has been arranged for, also the microscopical examination of suspected material, also the free supply of anti-syphilitic remedies to those competent to use them. Medical men not conversant with the technique of the remedial measures may have instruction free of charge. Afternoon and evening clinics are to be held at the various London Hospitals, where consultants, medical practitioners, and patients may meet. MALIGNANT DISEASE. |
92a1c981-ab3f-4cd9-8591-c23036af554f | Cancer is a new growth arising generally at the site of tissues subjected to prolonged irritation, as in the breast, the tongue, the lips, the entrance and exit to the stomach, various angles and narrow places in the intestines, also the liver. It may also supervene on the irritation or erosion set up by ulcers or other indolent sores. Cancer is on the increase all over the civilised world, and it may be said that the longer one lives the more likely is one to die of cancer. In this District there were 29 deaths in 1916 compared with 22 in 1915. HOSPITAL ADMINISTRATION. The Hospital is situated in South Worple Way, and contains blocks for Scarlet Fever, Diphtheria, Typhoid Fever, and Tuberculosis. It also contains a Tuberculosis Dispensary, Bacteriological Laboratry, Coroner's Court and Mortuary, and a Disinfecting Apparatus. 16 Hospital Administration. |
005ef90f-0c0d-4ad1-88dd-97b54afe3e74 | The Staff consists of the Matron, one Sister, six Probationers, Domestic and Laundry Staff, Ward Maids, Porter and Portress, and two Gardeners. There is accommodation for fifty patients in all. Tuberculosis Wards. —14 patients were carried over from 1915, and of these 5 died during 1916. 70 fresh cases were admitted during 1916; of whom 21 died in Hospital, 13 were sent onto Sanatorium, and 6 are known to have died at home. 8 of the cases were re.admissions in the 70 admissions; 30 were local and 40 were from other parts of the County of Surrey. Of the 26 deaths in Hospital, 8 were residents and 18 non.residents. Dispensary.—120 new cases attended for diagnosis or treatment, many of whom were found to be not tuberculous, and 47 old cases were carried over from 1915 and continued treatment. |
c1966ac7-4857-489f-a0da-114329174ef4 | 23 patients were sent on to Hospital or Sanatorium. 123 visits were paid to patients' homes. Scarlet Fever.—13 cases were carried over from 1915. 77 cases, including 1 soldier, were admitted in 1916 with no deaths; 1 case of cellulitis sent in as a case of scarlet fever was fatal. Diphtheria.—Only 25 cases were admitted, including 6 from one private school, some of whom were " carriers " only. Four cases were simple tonsillitis only. There was only one death during the year. Tracheotomy was required in one case, and was successful. Enteric Fever (Typhoid).—Only one case was admitted, which recovered. Cerebro.Spinal Fever.—One case admitted with recovery. DISINFECTION BY STEAM. Civil. Mattresses and Beds 95 Bed Clothing and other Clothing 859 954 Hospital Administration. 17 Military. |
abb08531-3484-4953-9dd6-9acd7208c099 | Heavy Articles 105 Smaller Kit 123 228 These articles were brought and fetched by the Military Authorities. HOSPITAL DISINFECTION. Two changes of clothing disinfected for all patients and in serious cases, the bedding also. After death of a consumptive patient the bedding is disinfected. MORTUARY AND CORONER'S COURT. 39 Inquests were held ; 21 on residents and 18 on nonresidents. In 15 deaths the cause was "natural," in the others, " violence." A new set of rules controlling the duties of the Porter and Gardeners was drawn up, and approved by the Hospital SubCommittee and the Public Health Committee. In May Miss Wood was appointed Matron, in place of Miss Carothers, who resigned after having held the post for five years, and whose faithful services were appreciated and recorded by the Council. |
6054c13b-fbeb-4f52-b2fc-555a46b2ceb8 | Arising out of the fact that soldiers were billetted in the District, the following instructions were printed and circulated:— TREATMENT FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF VERMIN. Arrangements should be made for the bathing of affected individuals and other inmates of infected tents and houses. Two teaspoonfuls of " Kerol " or " Jeyes' Fluid " should be used in every gallon of water. After drying themselves, men to lather their bodies with "Cresol" soap solution, especially over the hairy parts, and allow the lather to dry on. 18 Hospital Administration. Shirts to be washed in " Cresol " soap solution made with boiling water. Tunics and trousers to be turned inside out and rubbed with some lather, especially along the seams. Lather to be allowed to dry on garments. Or Stavesacre Ointment might be rubbed on the body or clothes. |
e843c637-4e91-4fe9-96e5-797320a79c9e | All clothes and kit will be disinfected at the Isolation Hospital, South Worple Way, Mortlake. Infected bed linen can be dealt with by hanging on lines and the room fumigated with sulphur candles. Cresol Soap Solution is made as follows Jeyes' Fluid, 1½ ozs.; soft soap (or cheap vaseline), lbs.; and water, 10 gallons Any further information must be obtained from the Public Health Department. B. C. STEVENS, M.D., D.P.H., Medical Officer of Health, In the Hospital Laboratory the following work was done by the Medical Officer of Health:— BACTERIOLOGICAL EXAMINATIONS. Result. Diphtheria. Typhoid Fever. Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Other Diseases. Totals. Positive 22 — 40 3 65 Negative 82 2 75 1 160 Totals 104 2 115 4 '225 Infant Welfare. |
4e2c2e6a-d5b7-4070-9a65-92dad7822733 | 19 MATERNITY AND CHILD WELFARE. As this is the paramount subject in public health administration this year, it will be referred to more fully than other subjects. The Urban Council, having recognised the importance of the whole question of life-saving, has made considerable progress recently. The Child Welfare Scheme has been concentrated under one roof at Afon House, High-street, Mortlake, where a Day Nursery has been started upon a voluntary basis, and controlled by a voluntary committee. The children are received daily at a cost of 6d. per head; the rooms are well equipped, and the matron and two assistants (salaried), together with voluntary help, look after the interests of the children while the mothers go out to work. The usual attendance varies from 12 to 18 daily, and it is hoped that, with an increase of staff, more children will yet be received. The Medical Officer of Health visits daily to see that the children are healthy. |
302c122b-3bbb-4416-9546-9d316751bbba | 1 his is essentially a war-time scheme, and it is generally admitted that, in natural times, the place of the mother is at home with her children, except in a few exceptional cases. In the same house the Surrey Educational Committee hold their medical, ophthalmic, dental, and attendance clinics for the school children of the district. The District Council also hold their Child Welfare Centre there, when women and their children receive advice from the Health Visitor and the Medical Officer of Health. The District Council now have a scheme for acquiring a ward for necessitous or complicated cases of pregnancy. They have also agreed that if it should become necessary to admit a case of Puerperal Fever, and providing that we had the room for such a case, an extra nurse trained in maternity work would have to be engaged for the necessary period at a fee not less than two guineas per week. |
1c63a1cb-bfd2-4bb2-a582-400b3de0adcf | If this scheme was amalgamated with the one proposed by the Child Welfare Committee, viz., providing a bed for a complicated or necessitious case of pregnancy, one half the cost is recoverable from the Local Government Board. 20 Infant Welfare. With reference to the above paragraph, the Sub-Committee suggest that should a case of this disease arise in the district, and there is accommodation in the Hospital, that the Medical Superintendent be empowered to take in such case and engage a temporary nurse for that purpose. That the Child Welfare Committee be asked to incorporate in their scheme for Ante-Natal Treatment now under discussion, provision for treating this disease with a view to obtaining a grant towards the expenses. Under the same restrictions an urgent case of measles would also be admitted to the Hospital at the discretion of the Medical Superintendent and with the approval of the Hospital Committee. Under the Notification of Births Act there was in 1915 a difference of 140 between the births notified and those registered. |
7c49f9f5-4506-468d-9890-1d1d3460a5d1 | To avoid this in future I got the Registrar to furnish me weekly with the names and addresses of all children born in the district, with the result that the figure (140) has been reduced to 28 in 1916. ANTE-NATAL WORK. The progress in this direction is slow, but is gradually improving, the difficulty being to get knowledge of expectant mothers. I wrote to the local midwives and to the authorities controlling district visitors, but without success. With regard to the midwives, another friendly conference is about to be held, and more success is hoped for. The basis of the non-success is an imaginary misunderstanding between the Midwives' Association as to interference and overlapping. The time does not yet seem ripe for the general notification of pregnancy ; it must at present be voluntary only. |
eca27bba-2189-4d65-bc29-376d57ba0191 | The Health Visitor visits all the expectant mothers she hears of, and gives them verbal and printed advice on diet, abuse of stimulants, work and leisure, rest and sleep, fresh air, cleanliness, and preparation for confinement, and encourages them to come to the Centre and bring the baby as soon as they can go out. In April, 1916, a successful " Mothercraft Exhibition" was held for three days at the Technical Institute, together with Infant Welfare. 21 lantern lectures and baby show. The exhibition was lent by the Women's Imperial Health Association, and we were helped by the Women's Co-operative Guild and several ladies in the district. The Price of Food.—The following report was submitted by the Health Visitor:— " On making inquiries of the mothers with regard to milk and increased price, and whether the children are having less milk or milk puddings, I find it is not the price of milk that the mothers feel only, but everything else. |
65d82da1-7aa1-4e7e-b9bd-128ceb570326 | The very poor never have bought much milk, using chiefly the condensed milk. They have only had a half-pennyworth or a pennyworth at a time, so that they have not felt the increased price of 2d. per quart. The better class of people still get the same quantity as before, not feeling the extra price of milk so much as sugar, bread, and potatoes, and coal for cooking purposes. The poor people are feeling the price of bread and sugar, and it has been very difficult to get any facts about anything else, that being the main thought in their minds. I do think that something out to be done about sugar, that is food that children require more than adults, and the grocers have not much sugar to sell, so of course sell to their best and regular customers, and the poor have to go without. The same with the meat; one mother told me she had not had a bit of meat for weeks. |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.