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37fc5004-f5ae-40f2-9b47-b527611aee80 | 2 Scarlet Fever 1 . . . 1 . . . . . . 1 . Diphtheria 16 1 . 8 6 1 . . . 1 4 3 8 Enteric Fever 1 . . . . . 1 . . . . . 1 Influenza 11 . . . . 2 2 5 2 6 1 1 3 Phthisis (Pulmonary Tuberculosis) 59 . . . . 18 21 16 4 18 10 11 20 Tuberculous Meningitis 2 . . . 1 1 . . . . 1 . 1 Other Tuberculous Diseases 6 2 1 . 2 . . 1 . 1 . 2 3 Cancer, Malignant Disease 70 . . . . . 7 35 28 20 18 13 19 Rheumatic Fever 1 . . . . |
0df11da6-75f2-4813-87d3-b33f5f548b98 | . . 1 . . 1 . . Meningitis 6 3 1 . . 1 1 . . 3 1 1 1 Organic Heart Disease 64 . . . 2 3 9 26 24 15 16 16 17 Bronchitis 64 9 1 . . . 7 13 34 7 19 14 24 Pneumonia (all forms) 49 12 4 2 l . 6 13 10 11 5 13 20 Other Respiratory Diseases 1 . . . . . 1 . . 1 . . . Diarrhoea and Enteritis 29 24 4 1 . . . . . 7 6 1 15 Appendicitis and Typhlitis 1 . . . 1 . . . . . . . 1 Cirrhosis of Liver 5 . . . . . 1 4 . |
30a47813-7218-4718-8617-2694caccd642 | 4 . 1 Alcoholism 2 . . . . . . 2 . . . 2 . Nephritis and Bright's Disease 13 . . 1 . . 1 4 7 5 4 3 1 Puerperal Fever . . . . . . . . . . . . . Syphilis 1 . 1 . . . . . . 1 . . . Other Accidents and Diseases of Pregnancy and Parturition 3 . . . . . 3 . . . . . 3 Congenital Debility and Malformation, including Premature Birth 34 33 1 . . . . . . 10 6 5 13 Violent Deaths, excluding Suicide 9 1 . l 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 5 Suicide 10 . . . . . 4 6 . 2 3 3 2 Other Defined Diseases 188 7 . |
54332619-07b4-49a1-8fe4-2f193520d3c3 | 2 4 . 16 32 127 52 43 52 41 Totals 650 92 15 17 20 28 81 159 238 167 139 143 201 1921 17 TABLE 4. INFANTILE MORTALITY DURING THE YEAR, 1921. Deaths from stated causes in Weeks and Months under One Year of Age. Causes of Death. Under 1 week. 1-2 weeks. 2-3 weeks. 3-4 weeks. Total under 4 weeks. 1-3 months 3-6 months 6-9 months 9-12 months Total deaths under 1 year. Diphtheria . . . . . . . . 1 1 Measles . . . . . . . . . . Whooping Cough . . . . . . . . . . Other Tuberculous Diseases . . . . . 1 . |
b66d810d-3510-4cbe-8633-8b00ee2e8c8b | 1 . 2 Meningitis (not Tuberculous) . . . . . . 1 1 1 3 Convulsions . . 1 . 1 . . . . 1 Bronchitis . . 1 . 1 3 1 2 2 9 Pneumonia (All forms) . 1 . . 1 2 3 3 3 12 Diarrhoea and Enteritis 1 2 1 . 4 7 8 2 3 24 Congenital Syphillis . . . . . . . . . . Overlaying 1 . . . 1 . . . . 1 Injury at Birth 3 . . . 3 . . . . 3 Congenital Malformation 6 2 1 . 9 . 1 . . 10 Premature Birth 8 . 1 2 11 4 . . . 15 Atrophy, |
b1fe53dd-a7c9-4fc3-a31d-d4514063decc | Debility and Marasmus 4 . . . 4 1 1 . 1 7 Other Causes . . 1 1 2 2 . . . 4 Totals 23 5 6 3 37 20 15 9 11 92 TABLE 5. INFANTILE MORTALITY—WARD DISTRIBUTION, 1921. Causes of Death. North East. North West. South East. South West. Total. Diphtheria . . 1 . 1 Measles . . . . . Whooping Cough . . . . . Other Tuberculous Diseases . . 1 1 2 Meningitis (not Tuberculous) 2 1 . . 3 Convulsions . . 1 . 1 Bronchitis 1 2 . 6 9 Pneumonia (all forms) 2 . |
af5d94bd-b56b-4fcd-9ac7-e41975759958 | 2 8 12 Diarrhoea and Enteritis 6 5 1 12 24 Congenital Syphillis . . . . . Overlaying . . . 1 1 Injury at Birth . 1 1 1 3 Congenital Malformations 1 1 2 6 10 Premature Birth 5 2 3 5 15 Atrophy, Debility and Marasmus 2 2 1 2 7 Other Causes 1 1 1 1 4 Total 20 15 14 43 92 1921 18 TABLE 6. CASES OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES NOTIFIED DURING THE YEAR, 1921. Notifiable Disease. Cases notified in whole District. At Ages—Years. Total cases notified in each ward. At all Ages. Under 1. 1 to 5. |
9237bc35-7852-4bb2-b20f-96d35629e372 | 5 to 15 15 to 25 25 to 45 45 to 65 65 and upwards North-East. North-West South-East. South-West Scarlet Fever 630 . 95 451 55 27 2 . 186 119 117 208 Diphtheria 205 2 58 113 16 13 3 . 40 37 31 97 Pneumonia 13 2 . 1 3 4 2 1 3 3 3 4 Enteric Fever 1 . . . . 1 . . . . . 1 Puerperal Fever 1 . . . . 1 . . . . . 1 Encephalitis Lethargica 1 . . . . 1 . . 1 . . . Ophthalmia Neonatorum 2 2 . . . . . . 1 . . 1 Erysipelas 18 . . |
3fca6c04-77ba-483c-b709-2e1b0b9fee25 | 5 2 3 5 3 3 5 3 7 Tuberculosis, Pulmonary 96 . 1 5 26 49 12 3 21 13 23 39 Tuberculosis, (Other Forms) 13 1 . 5 1 6 . . 6 1 2 4 Total 980 7 154 580 103 105 24 7 261 178 179 362 1921 19 TABLE 7. CASES REMOVED TO HOSPITAL, 1921. N. East. N. West. S. East. S. West. Total. |
e7c543ba-a356-4e2b-8804-cdfbc98531d2 | Scarlet Fever 100 81 68 142 391 Diphtheria 30 19 23 87 159 Enteric Fever - - - 1 1 Pneumonia 1 - - - 1 Puerperal Fever - - - 1 1 Encephalitis Lethargica 1 - - - 1 Erysipelas - - 1 - 1 Tuberculosis (pulmonary 11 8 13 35 67 Tuberculosis (other) 5 1 3 - 9 148 109 108 266 631 INFANT WELFARE CENTRES—1921. TABLE 8. Priory Schools. |
977c71b8-5080-4b27-be2a-e3ce3d5664ed | Palmerston Mission Health Visitors Attendances 99 99 Number of Children who attended 686 667 Number of attendances by children 4,798 4,704 Children under 1 year of age 342 396 Children over 1 year of age 344 271 Age of Children who commenced attendance in 1921:— Priory Schools. Palmerston Mission. Under 3 months 210 1S1 Between 3 and 6 months 75 46 „ 6 and 9 months 34 20 „ 9 and 12 months 17 12 ,, 1 and 2 years 22 29 „ 2 and 3 years 13 25 „ 3 and 4 years 11 8 „ 4 and 5 years 4 10 Of the above Children 18 had attended for the first time in 1916. 36 1917. 70 1918. 178 1919. 383 1920. |
c6a4c5f6-eddd-40bc-a231-73e75fd0fb36 | 668 1921. ANTE-NATAL CLINIC. Number of times the Clinic was held 24 Number of expectant mothers who attended 66 Number of attendances made by expectant mothers 123 Number of cases admitted to Acton Hospital 3 Ante-Natal Visits. Number of mothers visited 204 Number of visits paid to mothers 516 1921 20 TABLE 9. STAFF TO WHOSE SALARY CONTRIBUTION IS MADE UNDER THE PUBLIC HEALTH ACTS OR BY EXCHEQUER GRANTS. D.J. Thomas. m.r.c.s., l.r.c.p., d.p.h., Medical Officer of Health. (Medical Superintendent of the Isolation Hospital and School Medical Officer.) M.W. Kinch. Member of the Royal Sanitary Institute, holds Meat Certificate; Senior Sanitary Inspector. (Inspector under Diseases of Animals Acts, and the Rag Flock Act.) J.J. Jenkins. Cert. |
8b8b6568-b4a5-45ef-9ac5-fd1445b8ae76 | Sanitary Institute. Holds Meat Certificate. Sanitary Inspector. (Inspector under Fabrics Misdescription Act.) E.W. Brooks. Cert. San. Inst. Sanitary Inspector. E.F. Eldred. Cert. San. Inst. Holds Meat Certificate. Sanitary Inspector. Miss A. Cooksey Cert. San. Inst. Health Visitor. Miss J. Welsh. Cert. San. Inst. C.M.B. Health Visitor. Mrs. Light. Clerk. TABLE 10. Houses erected during year 1921. Total 125 Under Housing Scheme 118 TABULAR STATEMENT OF INSPECTIONS AND DETAIL OF WORK CARRIED OUT BY THE SANITARY INSPECTORS. Number and nature of Inspections made. House to house inspections 358 After infectious disease 867 On complaint, &c. |
382b6bd4-ef68-47ca-8711-4d325c0ee5a5 | 711 Premises under periodical inspection 597 Re-inspections after notice served 7609 Classified statement of the number of Premises under periodical inspection. Workshops 224 Slaughterhouses 3 Public house urinals 37 Common lodging houses 1 Houses let in lodgings 103 Butchers' Shops 31 Fish Shops 24 Premises where food is manufactured 38 Milk Purveyors 90 Cowsheds 2 Piggeries 5 1921 21 Rag and Bone dealers 4 Mews and Stables 22 Schools 11 Show Grounds 2 Number of Notices served. Statutory 802 Preliminary intimations 647 Houses dealt with under Section 28, Housing Acts. Houses in respect of which notices were served 358 Rendered fit by owners 343 Rendered fit by local authority 15 Premises dealt with under Public Health Acts. |
9de3a815-d442-48bf-b7a7-7b1ff266bba0 | Premises in respect of which notices were served 1091 Premises in which defects were remedied by owners 1077 Premises in which defects were remedied by Local Authority14 Detail of work carried out. Sanitary dustbins provided 763 Yards paved or yard paving repaired 332 Insanitary forecourts remedied 211 Defective drains repaired or reconstructed 78 Defective soil pipes and ventilating shafts repaired or renewed 62 Defective fresh air inlets repaired or renewed 60 Defective gullies removed and replaced by new 43 Rain water downpipes disconnected from drain 27 Dishing and curb to gullies repaired and new gratings fixed 186 Defective W.C. pans and traps removed and replaced by new 37 Defective W.C. flushing apparatus repaired or new fixed 242 Defective W.C. |
133225e2-c6e5-437e-9132-30e949a63de1 | seats repaired or new fixed 234 Defective flush pipe connections repaired 59 Insanitary sinks removed or new fixed 06 Sink waste pipes repaired or trapped 326 Insanitary wall surface over sinks remedied 146 Ventilated food cupboards provided 197 Drinking water cisterns cleansed 171 Defective covers to drinking water cisterns repaired or new fixed 79 Insanitary sites beneath floors concreted 21 Spaces beneath floors ventilated 345 Dampness in walls from defective damp-proof course remedied 364 Dampness from defective roofs, rain water gutterings, &c. |
2d3abbdb-5499-4393-aa93-57b1a4de391a | remedied 905 Defective plastering repaired (number of rooms) 885 Rooms where dirty walls and ceilings have been cleansed and redecorated 3638 Defective floors repaired 379 Defective or dangerous stairs repaired 56 1921 22 Defective doors and windows repaired 455 Defective kitchen ranges and tire grates repaired 345 Defective washing coppers repaired 198 Coal cupboards provided 40 New W.C. apartments provided 4 Accumulations of offensive matter removed 23 Drains unstopped and cleansed 122 Overcrowding nuisances abated 11 Drains tested, exposed for examination, &c. 98 Smoke observations taken 37 Smoke nuisances abated 20 Nuisances from foul pigs and other animals abated 20 Notifications of waste of water sent to Metropolitan Water Board 174 I am, Ladies and Gentlemen, Your obedient Servant, D.J. THOMAS. Woodgates & Sons, (T.U. |
4ca33ace-e16e-4943-8920-f1082fc12e1b | ), Printers, South Acton. 1921 |
888e6792-4b9e-4428-a213-d442f7d2b5ce | ACT 25 1922 Borough of Acton. HEALTH REPORT of the Medical Officer of Health FOR THE YEAR 1922. 1922 ANNUAL REPORT of the j medical officer of health FOR THE YEAR 1922. Municipal Offices, Acton, W.3. May, 1923. To the Mayor, Aldermen and Councillors of the Borough of Acton. Ladies and Gentlemen, I beg to submit the Annual Report on the work carried out by the Public Health Department, together with the Vital Statistics for the year 1922. The report is arranged in accordance with the suggestions issued last year by the Ministry of Health, and as far as possible, in the form of Tables. As "Survey Reports" are only normally required every five years, certain information which was included in former reports is omitted. Population.—The Registrar-General estimates the population at the end of June, 1922, to be 62,390. |
7c6385a2-3e1e-4468-98d0-a29a0c0c7bf2 | In last year's report the procedure adopted in adjusting the local census populations of 1921, in order to arrive at estimates of resident populations was described. The estimated population as at June 30th, 1922, has been based on the adjusted 1921 figures after allowance for the varying rates of natural increase as evidenced by the births and deaths in the area and of migration as indicated in the numbers on the Parliamentary Register and the migration returns obtained by the Board of Trade. The number of Parliamentary electors on the Register in the Autumn of 1922 was as follows: men women total 16,477 13,948 30,425 1922 4 For the corresponding period of 1921, the numbers were: men women total 16,529 13,821 30,350 For the twelve months ending December 31st, 1922, 122 new houses were erected, 112 by the Council and 10 by private persons. |
fb8f4f35-9d21-4b77-b720-c8fa0496ae5d | Births.—Table 2 gives particulars of the births registered and notified in the district, and the births registered outside the district. The Ward distribution of all the births is not given, as the home addresses of all the mothers who have given birth to a child outside the district are not given. The addresses of the births notified and registered within the district are obtained and of most of the outside births, but the inward transfers of the Registrar-General include some births whose addresses have not been supplied to the local sanitary authority; this latter number only totals 35 and does not materially affect the birth-rates of the respective Wards. The total number of births belonging to the district was 1,203. This number corresponds to an annual rate of 19.3 per 1,000 inhabitants. The birth-rate of Acton is lower than that of England and Wales, of London and of the 106 Great Towns. |
d64dec81-8ea0-4126-af9d-adeeba1775e3 | The birth-rate is 1.8 per 1,000 lower than that of 1921, and considerably lower than that of 1920. With the exception of the years 1917, 1918 and 1919, it is the lowest birth-rate recorded for the district. Approximately, the birth-rate for each Ward was as follows: n. east n. west s. east s. west 19.6 13.4 14.5 25.7 Forty-one children were born out of wedlock: this number corresponds to an illegitimate birth-rate of 34 per 1,000 births. This is the lowest illegitimate birth-rate since 1911. Although during the years of the war, the illegitimate birth-rate increased, it would be unfair to assume that the phenomenon was entirely due to the war. For two or three years prior to the outbreak of war, there had been an increased rate in this district. |
b54dbee1-b1ac-4d5f-a5c2-a18ecc01ffc1 | In the last three years there has been a very marked decrease in the illegitimate birth-rate, but it is still considerably higher than it was 12 and 15 years ago, as the following Table will show: 5 Illegitimate Birth-rate per 1,000 Births. 1907 24 1915 63 1908 26.8 1916 49 1909 19.2 1917 61 1910 24 1918 54 1911 29 1919 56 1912 47 1920 39 1913 50 1921 40 1914 50 1922 34 Compared with ten years ago, there is a considerable falling off not only in the birth-rate but also in the actual number of births. |
e23605f7-545a-45b1-b9d6-41a8aa14e48a | The year 1912 is taken as an average year with an interval of ten years, though in 1912 there was not only a diminished birth-rate, but there were less births registered in the district than in the immediately preceeding years. The birth-rate in 1922 was 19.3 compared with 25.7 in 1912 —a decrease of 25 per cent. The number of births registered in 1922 was 1,203, compared with 1,517 in 1912—a decrease of 21 per cent. The decrease was not uniform throughout the district. For instance the figures for the four Wards were as follows: n. east n. west s. east s. west Decreased number Same 22% 42% 20% Decreased rate 10% 30% 40% 22% Deaths.—Four hundred and four deaths were registered in the district; of these 14 belonged to non-residents. |
d3ab7eb9-ab77-4487-91e7-b04dbe75de36 | Two hundred and fourteen deaths of residents occurred outside the district. The total number of deaths belonging to the district is 632. The nett number of deaths corresponds to a death-rate of 10.1 per 1,000 inhabitants, which is the lowest recorded death-rate for the district. On Table 1 will be found the death-rates for England and Wales, Etc., and it will be seen that the death-rate of the district is lower than that of England and Wales, the 106 Great Towns, the 155 Smaller Towns and of London. Compared with 1921, there is a fairly uniform decrease in deaths from most diseases. The most notable exceptions are the deaths from Cancer and Organic Heart Disease. Seventy-two deaths occurred from Cancer, compared with 70 in 1921 and 57 in 1920. Allowing for the more accurate diagnosis of to-day, there is no reasonable doubt as to Cancer being on the increase. |
b2ef7b27-4b9c-4a3e-9414-b98808ed9d5b | 1922 6 Age periods are not equally affected. It is definitely an adult disease. In this district 66 out of the 72 deaths were in persons over 45 years of age. One death out of every six which occurred in persons over 45 years of age was due to Cancer. As a rule women are more subject to Cancer than men, owing to the special organs of the former that are liable to attack. In this district, last year, the difference was very slight, and not as much as could be accounted for by the sex distribution of the population. Thirty-five of the deaths were in males and 36 ip females. Some local authorities have issued pamphlets, dealing with preventive measures, and pointing out the value of early operative treatment, but the value of such advice is doubtful. Our knowledge of the disease is not sufficiently definite to enable us to give any precise advice. We have numerous applications to disinfect after a death from Cancer, but the disease may or may not be contagious. |
3d85a3b0-9b5d-4f81-999a-49d1806940cf | Cancer houses and Cancer districts are reported from time to time, but the reports do not bear much investigation. Possibly, the tendency to Cancer may be hereditary, but there is no evidence that the disease itself is hereditary. Some of the quack remedies are based on the assumption that Cancer is a deficiency disease. The so-called Katassium remedy is vaunted because it is assumed that there is an absence or scarcity of potassium salt in the diet. But there is no definite evidence that Cancer is a deficiency disease, much less do we know wherein lies the deficiency. If anything definite were known of the nature and causes of the disease, the public should know officially, but until our knowledge has advanced the use of pamphlets is doubtful. Organic Heart Disease.—There is a slight increase in the number of deaths attributed to Organic Heart Disease, but the increase is probably due to a more definite system of certification and possibly as a result of a more correct diagnosis. |
495b6195-3d8c-4e83-9011-00c47ab34d0b | Formerly many deaths were certified as due to syncope and similar terms were frequently used, but the importance of myocardial and other degenerations of the heart is recognised and more deaths are included under the term Organic Heart Disease. There is another diminution in the number of deaths from Tubercular diseases. During the war, not only the incidence of Tubercular disease increased, but there was a marked increase in the number of deaths from these diseases. For the last two or three years the number of deaths has decreased, but we have not yet arrived at the pre-war figures. 1922 7 Certified Causes of Death.—From Table 1 it will be seen that there were no uncertified causes of death. One hundred per cent. of the deaths were certified by a doctor and on 45 persons an inquest was held. The laws of this country make it illegal for a person to be buried unless an order for burial can be produced either from the registrar of deaths or from a coroner. |
8f317a7f-499d-4cf1-9939-99165d6a8182 | The registrar gives the order on receiving a certificate as to the cause of death from a registered medical practitioner. If such certificate is not forthcoming, he may, on his own responsibility register the death as uncertified and give the order for burial, or he may report the circumstances to the coroner, who either sends a notification to the registrar that the death may be registered and the burial order given, or he may hold an inquiry as to the cause of death, summoning a jury to assist him. Forty-five inquests were held here during the year, and more than half the deaths on which an inquest was held were due to natural causes. Although the select and departmental committees have reported on Death Registration and Certification, nothing has been done to amend the law or the procedure. In 1909 a departmental committee reported that the present law of death certification offered every opportunity for premature burial and every facility for the concealment of crime, yet no steps have yet been taken to remedy this unsatisfactory state of affairs. |
54e749d3-75fa-46fd-833b-6ed83b89430a | The procedure of a coroner's court has been described with some truth as mediaeval and as producing waste and undue publicity of the affairs of a family at a time of considerable distress. The Bill now before Parliament entitled "Coroners' Law and Death Certification Amendment," is not regarded as a solution of the problem, but it may prepare the ground for further action in the future. Amount of Poor Law Relief.—I am indebted to Mr. Harmsworth the Clerk to the Guardians, for the figures relating to Poor Law Relief. The amount of out-door relief given by the Guardians for the Parish of Acton was: £ s. d. Ordinary Relief 5,833 10 3½ Unemployment Relief 11,729 17 11 Total £17,563 8 2½ 1922 8 Infantile Mortality.—Seventy-five deaths occurred in children under one year of age. This number corresponds to an infantile mortality of 62 per 1,000 births. |
b3ff910e-91cb-42e1-907a-8a629974bbe1 | On Table 1 will be found the Infantile Mortalities for England. and Wales and the large Towns, and it will be seen on reference to that Table that the Infantile Mortality of Acton, is lower than that of England and Wales and than that of the 105 Great Towns with a population of over 50,000 inhabitants. It is also the lowest Infantile Mortality on record for the district. A reference to the Table giving the causes of death in weeks and months under one year of age will show how difficult it is to make much further reduction in the Infantile Mortality. Thirtynine of the deaths occurred in babies under one month old. Eighteen of the 75 deaths were due to Premature Birth, 11 to Congenital Malformation, 2 to Injury at Birth and 7 to Atrophy and Debility, in most cases Congenital Debility. |
8b23906f-d9c7-40fe-9b1e-980f91a2bc65 | Milk (Mothers and Children Order), 1919.—The scheme adopted by the Council, whereby milk is distributed by the Council in co-operation with the Guardians, was explained in last year's report. Six thousand, four hundred and fifty-five packets of dried milk were distributed through the Relieving Officers, and 516 packets were distributed to expectant mothers and in exceptional instances where the recipients would not be eligible for Poor Law Relief. The number of packets distributed weekly through the Guardians varied from 199 in the week ending April 15th to 53 in the week ending December 30th. The number of packets given free varied from 19 in each of the weeks ending January 14th and 21st to four in each of the weeks ending April 1st, 8th, 15th and December 30th. Infectious Diseases.—Table 5 gives the notifications of Infectious Diseases for the year. |
84c0f38f-e0f4-46aa-b9bd-0283e58a0c14 | There is a considerable reduction in the number of notifications received, and a decrease in the number of deaths from Diphtheria, but an increase in the deaths from Scarlet Fever. Scarlet Fever.—Three hundred and five notifications were received and 3 deaths occurred from the disease. These figures do not represent the true case fatality of the disease. The deaths occurred in the early part of the year, and were partly a legacy of the notifications received from the last quarter of 1921. It will be recollected that incidence of Scarlet Fever increased in 9 1922 the Autumn of 1921, and. an extensive epidemic occurred in London and Greater London. The epidemic continued during the early part of 1922 and gradually subsided in the Summer. In 1921, 630 cases were notified and 1 death occurred. In the two years 935 cases were notified with 4 deaths—a case fatality of .42 per cent. |
90e4e472-d35c-42ac-afb7-c33c573d74a9 | In other words 1 death occurred in every 234 cases. It will be seen from these figures that the type of disease has become a very mild one. Diphtheria.—Two hundred and twenty-three cases were notified and 12 deaths occurred. The case fatality was 5.3 per cent. The case fatality of Acton patients admitted to the Fever Hospital was the same—5.3 per cent., and the fatality of all Diphtheria cases admitted to our Hospital was 5.5 per cent. This is a remarkably low mortality and several factors have contributed to this result. Foremost, probably, in the list of causes is the early and sufficient use of Antitoxin. In pre-antitoxin days, Diphtheria was one of the most terrible and formidable of diseases, with a case fatality of 25 to 30 per cent. The curative use of Antitoxin has robbed the disease of much of its terror. |
a8e333e4-f159-48eb-81dd-4e85ff9a2127 | The preventive use of Antitoxin has not been extensively used in this country. In America the Schick test has been used extensively, and toxin—antitoxin immunisation carried out, especially amongst school children. It is doubtful if the test is practicable as a universal method of immunisation; but its use opens up a vast field in the prevention of Diphtheria. It would not be fair to claim that the reduction in the case fatality is entirely due to the administration of Antitoxin. The improved technique in the bacteriological examination of Diphtheria, the increased facilities for such examination, and the appreciation by doctors of the existence of mild cases, have led to the notification of a greater number of cases. The notified cases thus tend to increase, whilst the number of deaths from the disease may diminish. On Table 5 is given the Ward distribution of the disease. |
4ba45c71-fa5d-4319-841d-0467077f2674 | In contrast with Scarlet Fever, which was almost evenly distributed throughout the district, there was a marked preponderance of cases from the South West Ward. Cerebro-Spinal Meningitis.—One case was notified and the patient died. The case was notified from the West Middlesex Hospital, but the patient was removed there from a common lodging house. The man was working at the British Empire 1922 10 Exhibition at Wembley Park, and had been in this country about a month. He came from Ireland, and the only relatives he had in this country were two brothers. No information could be obtained of the patient's movements before he came to this country. Encephalitis Lethargica.—There was one notification and one death, but they did not refer to the same person. The case notified recovered; a death was reported from the disease, but the patient had not been notified as suffering from the disease. |
66903f3c-6963-40d8-8be4-04fbb94001bc | Ophthalmia Neonatorum.—Four cases were notified, and in all instances the final result was satisfactory and vision was not affected. One of the cases was treated in St. Margaret's Hospital for two periods. The baby was admitted in the first instance for about a month, but within a short time of her return home, she apparently got reinfected and she had to be re-admitted to the Hospital. Measles.—During the late Spring and early Summer, a minor epidemic of Measles was experienced throughout the district. Measles is not compulsorily notifiable at the present time, but from the information derived from other sources, it appeared that the disease was prevalent throughout the whole of the district, and the cases were fairly uniformly distributed. Nearly 600 cases were brought to the notice of the School Medical Department, and probably very many more cases occurred. The total number of deaths, though, was only 5, so that the disease was of a very mild character. |
0ac47175-e715-4d35-98f6-50f87ccaff3f | It would be very pleasing if we could claim that these results are due mainly to successful efforts to control epidemics or to better methods of treatment, but candour compels us to admit that such a conclusion would be unwarrantable. In the Annual Report for 1920, I endeavoured to show that under present social conditions, the majority of children contract the disease, and the control of an epidemic is very ineffectual after the second crop of cases have fallen. There is a vast difference though, in the mortality of a winter epidemic to that of a summer one. The latter is comparatively a benign one. If isolated cases of Measles occur during the winter months, almost every means is justifiable and every effort should be made to postpone an epidemic until the summer. It is probable that our efforts will only be successful to the extent of postponing an epidemic for a few months, but frequently, 1922 11 this slight postponement will mean the saving of many lives. |
550d4806-1016-46e6-80d2-b5d049805113 | In recent years, we have been fortunate in the occurrence of summer outbreaks of Measles. One of the most satisfactory features in connection with Measles in the district has been the benign character of the disease during the past five years. The following are figures giving the total number of deaths in the last thirty-five years: Year Deaths Year Deaths Year Deaths Year Deaths 1922 5 1917 39 1912 13 1907 20 1921 0 1916 11 1911 44 1906 27 1920 9 1915 26 1910 1 1905 4 1919 0 1914 8 1909 40 1904 15 1918 7 1913 25 1908 38 1903 0 Total 21 Total 109 Total 136 Total 66 Year Deaths Year Deaths Year Deaths 1902 32 1897 2 1892 24 1901 0 |
cebb538d-ab1b-455a-9ed8-ec107711c1fc | 1896 24 1891 9 1900 16 1895 6 1890 11 1899 0 1894 15 1889 25 1898 6 1893 2 1888 1 Total 54 Total 49 Total 70 ISOLATION HOSPITAL. During the year 587 cases were admitted into the Hospital. On January 1st, 1922, there were 102 cases under treatment and on January 1st, 1923, 63. During the year 606 were discharged and there were 20 deaths. Of the cases admitted, 379 were Acton cases and 208 belonged to outside districts. Cases Admitted. Scarlet Fever Diphtheria Measles Acton 207 170 2 Han well 74 53 — Wembley 40 25 — Staines 12 — — Wealdstone — 3 — Kingsbury — 1 — Deaths in Hospital. |
fba9aaee-d90e-4af7-a5fe-ec986c7ea02c | Scarlet Fever Diphtheria Acton 3 9 Hanwell 3 3 Wembley — 2 Sixty-eight per cent. of the Scarlet Fever cases notified in the district were removed to Hospital and 71 per cent. of the Diphtheria cases. 1922 12 TABLE 1. BIRTH-RATE, DEATH-RATE AND ANALYSIS OF MORTALITY DURING THE YEAR 1922. (Provisional figures. Populations estimated to the middle of 1921 have been used for the purposes of this Table. The mortality rates refer to the whole population as regards England and Wales, but only to civilians as regards London and the groups of Towns). Birth-rate per 1,000 total Population Annual Death-rate per 1,000 Population Rate per 1,000 Births Percentage of Total Deaths. |
f90d1656-8284-4f94-8967-3526dab3cceb | All Causes Enteric Fever Small Pox Measles Scarlet Fever Whooping Cough Diphtheria Influenza Violence Diarrhoea & Enteritis under 2 yrs. Total deaths under 1 year Deaths in Public Institutions Certified Causes of Death Inquest Cases Uncertified Causes of Death England and Wales 20.6 12.9 0.01 0.00 0.15 0.04 0.16 0.11 0.54 0.44 6.2 77 25.6 92.7 6.2 1.1 105 County Boroughs and Great Towns, including London 21.4 13.0 0.01 0.00 0.22 0.05 0.19 0.13 0.56 0.41 7.6 82 32.9 92.6 6.7 0. |
9c503c0f-60db-4164-bc4c-a911e75e0706 | 7 155 Smaller Towns (1921 Adjusted Populations 20,000—50,000) 20.5 11.7 0.01 0.00 0.10 0.03 0 15 0.09 0.58 0.35 5.6 75 16.9 93.6 5.1 1.3 London 21.0 13.4 0.01 0.00 0.35 0.07 0.25 0.25 0.57 0.45 7.1 74 48.7 92.1 7.8 0.1 Acton 19.3 10.1 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.04 0.06 0.19 0.29 0.3 10. 62 34.6 100 7. |
3d8d077b-43ad-4fe0-801f-04a9d78285ea | 0.0 13 1922 TABLE 2. VITAL STATISTICS FOR WHOLE DISTRICT DURING 1922 AND PREVIOUS YEARS. Year Population estimated to to middle of each year. Births Total Deaths Registered in the District Transferable Deaths Nett. Deaths belonging to the District. |
7498f3e2-dde4-48c4-8626-2cf03cf4ee6b | Uncorrected Number Nett Under 1 year of Age At all Ages Number Rate Number Rate of Non-Residents Registered in the District of Residents Registered outside Dist Number Rate per 1000 Number Rate per 1,000 Inhabitants 1917 65,219 (for Birth-rate) 936 972 14.9 480 8.2 18 225 94 96 687 11.7 58,507 (for Death-rate) 1918 66,000 (for Birth-rate) 923 954 14.5 611 10.3 16 277 76 78 872 14.7 59,000 (for Death-rate) 1919 64,306 (for Birth-rate) 950 1096 17.1 436 7. |
43fd785f-4fdf-46c6-835e-0f65329bd68d | 12 222 72 65 646 10.4 61,732 (for Death-rate) 1920 61,000 1442 1541 25.3 560 9.2 16 217 100 64 671 11 1921 62,000 1225 1314 21.1 445 7.1 ... 205 92 70 658 10.4 1922 62,390 1021 1203 19.3 404 6.5 14 214 75 62 632 10.1 1922 14 TABLE 3. CAUSES OF AND AGES AT DEATH DURING THE YEAR 1922. Causes of Death. |
4645fe79-8018-4203-9f6e-a22194e708e0 | All Ages Under 1 year 1 and under 2 2 and under 5 5 and under 15 15 and under 25 25 and under 45 45 and under 65 65 and upwards North East North West South East South West Measles 5 1 1 2 1 . . . . 1 1 . 3 Whooping Cough 4 2 1 1 . . . . . . 1 2 1 Scarlet Fever 3 . . . 2 1 . . . 1 . 1 1 Diphtheria 12 . 1 4 6 1 . . . 2 1 4 5 Influenza 17 1 . . . 2 . 3 11 3 2 10 2 Phthisis (Pulmonary Tuberculosis) 48 . . . |
35d4ec07-25cb-4019-8faa-cd9b6e3a0164 | 2 10 21 12 3 13 5 16 14 Tuberculous Meningitis 2 . . . 2 . . . . 2 . . . Other Tuberculous Diseases 6 1 2 . . 1 1 . 1 2 1 1 2 Cancer (Malignant Disease) 72 . . . . . 6 30* 36 19 18 18 17 Rheumatic Fever 1 . . . . . 1 . . . 1 . . Meningitis 1 . . . . 1 . . . . . . 1 Organic Heart Disease 78 . . . 1 . 7 25 45 25 18 12 23 Bronchitis 40 l 1 . . |
863185a9-23dc-4b62-bd46-8929bccee880 | 1 3 5 29 9 6 9 16 Pneumonia (All Forms) 53 15 5 1 1 3 11 9 8 10 6 14 23 Other Respiratory Diseases 10 . . 1 . 1 2 4 2 3 4 . 3 Diarrhoea and Enteritis 11 9 2 . . . . . 2 . 2 7 Appendicitis and Typhlitis 5 . . . . 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 Cirrhosis of Liver 1 . . . . . . . 1 . . 1 . Alcoholism . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nephritis and Brights Disease 15 . . . . 1 1 11 2 3 3 3 6 Syphilis . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
15af7772-c01f-4d37-85dd-6f814b1d2487 | Puerperal Fever 1 . . . . 1 . . . 1 . . . Other Accidents and Diseases of Pregnancy and Parturition 3 . . . . 1 2 . . 1 1 . 1 Congenital Debility and Malformation, including Prematurity 36 36 . . . . . . . 9 10 5 12 Violent Deaths (excluding Suicide) 18 1 . . 1 4 5 2 5 4 2 8 4 Suicide 6 . . . . 1 1 3 1 3 1 1 1 Other Defined Diseases 184 8 2 3 6 3 19 48 95 61 39 42 42 632 75 15 12 22 34 81 153 240 175 121 150 186 15 1922 TABLE 4. |
aa7fed17-633f-4aae-8c15-54161addfe1a | INFANTILE MORTALITY DURING THE YEAR 1922. Deaths from stated causes in Weeks and Months under One Year of Age. Causes of Death. Under 1 week 1—2 weeks 2—3 weeks 3—4 weeks Total under 1 month 1—3 months 3—6 months 6—9 months 9—12 months Total under 12 months North East North West South East South West Diphtheria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Measles . . . . . . . 1 . 1 1 . . . Whooping Cough . . . . . 1 . . . 2 . . 1 . Phthisis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tuberculous Meningitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tuberculous Peritonitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
5bb5fc14-9af3-448c-b931-f76754be3029 | Other Tuberculous Diseases . . . . . 1 . . . 1 1 . . . Meningitis (Not Tuberculous) . . . . . . . . . . . . . Convulsions . . . . . . . 1 . 1 . . 1 . Influenza . . . . . 1 . . . 1 1 . . . Bronchitis . . . . . . . . 1 1 1 . . . Pneumonia . . 1 . 1 1 4 3 6 15 3 . 2 10 Diarrhoea and Enteritis . . 1 . 2 4 . 3 . 9 2 . 2 5 Congenital Syphilis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Overlaying 1 . . . 1 . . . . 1 . . 1 . Injury at Birth 2 . . . 2 . . . |
e706d575-3c28-4dec-9872-682ec510131b | . 2 1 1 . . Congenital Malformation 4 . 3 . 7 1 2 1 . 11 3 2 4 2 Prematurity 15 1 1 1 18 . . . . 18 5 5 1 7 Atrophy Debility and Marasmus 1 . 2 1 4 1 2 . . 7 1 1 1 4 Other Causes 4 . . . 4 . . . 1 5 2 2 . 1 27 2 8 2 39 10 9 9 8 75 21 12 13 29 1922 16 TABLE 5. CASES OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES NOTIFIED DURING THE YEAR 1922. Notifiable Disease. Cases notified in whole District. At Ages—Years. Total Cases notified in each Ward. At all Ages. |
50bcae3d-9d6a-4843-8b78-460a898049f8 | Under 1 1 to 5 5 to 15 15 to 25 25 to 45 45 to 65 65 and upwards North East North West South East South West Scarlet Fever 305 2 45 213 22 21 2 . 86 59 73 87 Diphtheria 223 1 47 138 16 18 2 1 36 33 52 102 Enteric Fever 1 . . . . 1 . . . 1 . . Pneumonia 30 4 9 3 2 5 5 2 3 1 16 10 Puerperal Fever 2 . . . . 2 . . . . . 2 Cerebro-Spinal Meningitis 1 . . . 1 . . . . . . 1 Encephalitis 1 . . . . 1 . . . 1 . . Dysentery 1 . . . . 1 . . |
83a6295e-4155-47a4-a491-8ecbb5f8f744 | . . 1 . Ophthalmia Neonatorum 4 4 . . . . . . 2 . . 2 Erysipelas 14 . . 1 1 9 3 . 3 7 1 3 Tuberculosis (Resp.) 87 ... ... 6 20 41 19 1 19 7 26 35 Tuberculosis (Other) 11 ... 1 3 4 2 ... 1 2 4 1 4 Totals 680 11 102 364 66 101 31 5 151 113 170 246 1922 17 TABLE 6. CASES REMOVED TO HOSPITAL, 1922. |
b63abd1c-06ae-4392-a555-42ee83e3fce7 | N. East N. West S. East S. West Total Scarlet Fever 60 36 39 74 209 Diphtheria 27 22 28 96 173 Enteric Fever — 1 — — 1 Pneumonia 2 - - - 2 Puerperal Fever — — — 2 2 Cerebro Spinal Meningitis — — — 1 1 Ophthalmia Neonatorum 1 — — — 1 Erysipelas — 2 — 1 3 Tuberculosis (resp.) 15 6 17 24 62 Tuberculosis (other) — 3 1 2 6 105 70 85 200 460 TABLE 7. BIRTHS. Total Births. Males Females Legitimate 563 599 Illegitimate 19 22 582 621 Notified Births in District. Males 493. Females 519. Still-Births 24. |
76081d64-9287-4643-89db-1b0ba78a2fa0 | Wards. North East 270 South East 183 North West 150 South West 409 Total 1,012. Registered in District, but not Notified. North East 49 South East 27 North West 15 South West 18 Total 109. Information received of Fifty-Seven Live and Two Still-Births Registered outside the District. North East 23 South East 9 North West 3 South West 22 Total 57 Thirty-five other Births occurred outside the District, but of which no information was received, except through the Registrar-General's Annual Summary. Number of Births Visited 887 Number of Births Re-visited 8354 1922 18 TABLE 8. INFANT WELFARE CENTRES, 1922. |
cfeb2783-c5b1-414b-ba74-f978008accfb | Priory Schools Palmerston Mission Health Visitors' Attendances 102 99 Number of Children who attended 693 694 Number of Attendances by Children 5,031 4,989 Children under 1 year of age 305 401 Children over 1 year of age 388 293 Age of Children who commenced Attendance in 1922. |
cefe6382-f347-4176-84af-022950902b94 | \ Priory Offices Palmerston Mission Under 3 months 206 172 Between 3 and 6 months 61 57 „ 6 and 9 months 23 25 „ 9 and 12 months 15 9 „ 1 and 2 years 18 22 „ 2 and 3 years 10 33 „ 3 and 4 years 3 19 „ 4 and 5 years 1 9 Of the above Children 31 had attended for the first time in 1917 50 „ „ 1918 96 „ „ 1919 195 „ „ 1920 357 „ „ 1921 661 „ „ 1922 ANTE-NATAL CLINIC. Number of times the Clinic was held 22 Number of Expectant Mothers who attended 71 Number of attendances made by Expectant Mothers 129 Number of Cases admitted to Acton Hospital 4 Ante-Natal Visits. |
fe9fea5f-6a17-4556-a97e-41c585a9659e | Number of Mothers visited 199 Number of Visits paid to Mothers 502 TABLE 9. INQUESTS HELD WITH CAUSE OF DEATH. Heart Disease 9 Knocked down by Motor Vehicle 8 Pneumonia 2 Miliary Tuberculosis 1 Motor Accident 1 Hernia 1 Suicide 6 Intestinal Obstruction 1 Accidental Fall 1 Syncope 1 Overlaying 1 Cancer 1 Accidentally Drowned 1 Marasmus 1 Found Drowned 1 Cerebral Abscess 1 Blood Poisoning after Cut Finger 1 Nephritis 1 Pleurisy 1 Tetanus 1 Status Lymphaticus 1 Burns 1 Bronchitis 1 Puerperal Fever 1 19 1922 TABLE 10. BACTERIOLOGICAL LABORATORY. |
d994977f-e941-47ae-b3f7-87bbfea8d6ed | Positive Negative Total Examinations (2,773) 1,136 1,637 Sent by Medical Practitioners 144 292 Sent from Isolation Hospital 384 678 Contacts 322 532 Of these Positive Contacts 244 were postive on the first occasion only. 53 „ second ,, „ 25 „ third „ „ School Sore Throats. Positive Negative Cases 59 129 Swabs 77 175 Nineteen of the Positive Sore Throat Cases had sufficient Clinical symptoms to warrant removal to Hospital. TABLE 11. STAFF TO WHOSE SALARY CONTRIBUTION IS MADE UNDER THE PUBLIC HEALTH ACTS OR BY EXCHEQUER GRANTS. D.J. Thomas. m.r.c.S., l.rc.p., d.p.h., Medical Officer of Health. (Medical Superintendent of the Isolation Hospital and School Medical Officer). M.W. Kinch. Member of the Royal Sanitary Institute, holds Meat Certificate; Senior Sanitary Inspector. |
148779ee-5698-41b1-817a-94b1809ebe58 | (Inspector under Diseases of Animals Acts, and the Rag Flock Act). J.J. Jenkins. Cert. Sanitary Institute. Holds Meat Certificate. Sanitary Inspector. (Inspector under Fabrics Misdescription Act). E.W. Brooks. Cert. San. Inst. Sanitary Inspector. E.F. Eldred. Cert. San. Inst. Holds Meat Certificate. Sanitary Inspector. Miss A. Cooksey. Cert. San. Inst. Health Visitor. Miss J. Welsh. Cert. San. Inst. C.M.B. Health Visitor. Mrs. Light. Clerk. TABULAR STATEMENT OF INSPECTIONS AND DETAIL OF WORK CARRIED OUT BY THE SANITARY INSPECTORS. Number and nature of Inspections made. House to house Inspections 331 After infectious disease 544 On complaint, Etc. |
838ef2be-0cee-4c25-93fb-2d2a0670ac9e | 878 Premises under periodical inspection 591 Re-inspections after notice served 7,102 Enquiry visits on notification of infectious disease 574 1922 20 Classified statement of the number of Premises under periodical Inspection. Workshops 225 Slaughterhouses 3 Public house urinals 37 Common lodging houses 1 Houses let in lodgings 103 Butchers' shops 31 Fish shops 24 Premises where food is manufactured 39 Milk purveyors 83 Cowsheds 2 Piggeries 4 Rag and bone dealers 4 Mews and stables 22 Schools 11 Show grounds 2 Houses dealt with under Section 28, Housing Acts. Houses in respect of which notices were served 167 Rendered fit by owners 161 Rendered fit by-local authority 6 Premises dealt with under Public Health Acts. |
6a7f3902-9c47-43ad-ade7-462ef84cf52b | Premises in respect of which notices were served 974 Premises in which defects were remedied by owners 974 Premises in which defects were remedied by Local Authority Nil Detail of work carried out. Sanitary dustbins provided 634 Yards paved or yard paving repaired 283 Insanitary forecourts remedied 191 Defective drains repaired or reconstructed 63 Defective soil pipes and ventilating shafts repaired or renewed 41 Defective fresh air inlets repaired or renewed 66 Defective gullies removed and replaced by new 57 Rain water downpipes disconnected from drain 28 Dishing and curb to gullies repaired and new gratings fixed 159 Defective W.C. pans and traps removed and replaced by new 73 Defective W.C. flushing apparatus repaired or new fixed 291 Defective W.C. |
1f7b98ba-fa9d-4212-82d1-1d34ce608d81 | seats repaired or new fixed 203 Defective flush pipe connections repaired 64 Insanitary sinks removed or new fixed 58 Sink waste pipes repaired or trapped 201 Insanitary wall surfaces over sinks remedied 152 Ventilated food cupboards provided 108 Drinking water cisterns cleansed 163 Defective covers to drinking water cisterns repaired or new fixed 55 Insanitary sites beneath floors concreted 48 Spaces beneath floors ventilated 267 1922 21 Dampness in walls from defective damp-proof course remedied 240 Dampness from defective roofs, rain water gutterings, etc. remedied 715 Defective plastering repaired (number of rooms) 649 Rooms where dirty walls and ceilings have been cleansed and redecorated 2,790 Defective floors repaired 228 Defective or dangerous stairs repaired 43 Defective doors and windows repaired 242 Defective kitchen ranges and fire grates repaired 243 Defective washing coppers repaired 121 Coal cupboards provided 36 New W. |
2a4ba1ca-40a2-457a-8eeb-e6cf8676d46f | C. apartments provided 3 Accumulations of offensive matter removed 28 Drains unstopped and cleansed 134 Overcrowding nuisances abated 10 Drains tested, exposed for examination, etc. 112 Smoke observations taken 48 Smoke nuisances abated 17 Nuisances from foul pigs and other animals abated 23 Notifications of waste of water sent to Metropolitan Water Board 281 HOME WORK. Nature of Work. Outworkers' Lists. Section 107. Lists received from Employers. Sending once in year. Lists. Workmen. Brush Making 1 7 Stuffed Toys 1 63 Total 2 70 1922 22 ANNUAL REPORT ON THE ADMINISTRATION OF THE FACTORY AND WORKSHOP ACT, 1901, IN CONNECTION WITH FACTORIES, WORKSHOPS, WORKPLACES AND HOMEWORK. 1.—Inspections of Factories, Workshops and Workplaces, made by the sanitary inspectors. Premises. |
97e6836d-00f0-49ca-8ab4-65159cc22876 | (1) Inspections. (2) Written Notices. (3) Factories (including Factory Laundries) 32 17 Workshops (including Workshop Laundries) 483 74 Workplaces (other than Outworkers' Premises included in Part III. of this Report) 18 4 Total 533 95 2.—Defects found in Factories, Workshops and Workplaces. Particulars. (1) Number of Defects. Found (2) Remedied (3) Nuisances under the Public Health Acts: Want of cleanliness 22 22 Want of drainage of floors 5 5 Other nuisances 31 31 Sanitary accommodation: Insufficient 9 9 Unsuitable or defective 18 18 Not separate for sexes 1 1 Offences under the Factory and Workshop Acts:— Illegal occupation of underground bakehouse (S. |
9316d20f-b7b8-4931-9c03-e5e5d96e662d | 101) 1 1 Total 87 87 I am, Ladies and Gentlemen, Your obedient Servant, D.J. THOMAS. 1922 |
a38d3b28-4675-4b31-84d7-70151d666260 | C.I AC 439 (1) ACTON Middlesex ACT 26 Borough of Acton ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Medical Officer of Health FOR THE YEAR 1923. "Acton Borough Post" Borough of Acton ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Medical Officer of Health FOR THE YEAR 1923. 4 Census.—The Registrar General has issued two Reports on the 1921 Census which are of great interest to this district. For the first time certain details have been recorded of Acton. The population of the district increased from 57,497 in 1911 to 61,299 in 1921—28,317 males and 32,982 females. For the County of Middlesex the rate of increase was 11.2 per cent. in the intercensal period 1911-21; in Acton,, the rate was 6.6 per cent. The rate of increase varied from 2.7 per cent. in Wood Green to 126.1 per cent. |
cdc71050-d4d3-48be-a90f-f27e68c2ad6a | in Kingsbury. The increase in the whole county was 126,537, but there was an excess of 124,038 in the number of births, so that the gain by migration was only 2,499. In Acton the increase was 3,802, but there was an excess of 6,361 in the number of Births over Deaths, so that there was a loss of 2,559 by migration. The following table gives the population, increase, and gain or loss by migration in the districts in Middlesex with a population over 50,000. CENSUS 1921. Population. Increase Amount. Excess of Gain or loss. Per Births over (—) by Cent. Deaths. Migration. |
24b3899d-02c5-4bc6-b5d2-076f0f9b55e3 | Acton 61,299 3,802 6.6 6,361 —2,599 Ealing 67,755 6,533 10.7 4,772 1,761 Edmonton 66,807 2,010 3.1 9,133 —7,123 Enfield 60,738 4,400 7.8 6,384 —1,984 Hendon 56,013 17,207 44.3 5,567 11,640 Hornsey 87,659 3,067 3.6 4,854 —1,787 Tottenham 146,711 9,293 6.8 17,926 —8,633 Willesden 165,674 11,460 7.4 19,087 —7,627 Sex Ratio.—In the whole county the ratio of females to 1,000 males increased from 1,144 in 1911 to 1,166 in 1921. |
e23259bb-b3cb-4748-88e2-642a7b8266aa | In Acton, the ratio of females has slightlv decreased. In 1901 there were 1216 females to 1,000 males: in 1911 the ratio was 1,166 to 1,000 and in 1921, 1,164 to 1,000. In the districts with population of over 50,000 inhabitants, the following ratios obtained in 1921. Acton 1,165 Ealing 1,344 Edmonton 1,064 Enfield 1,102 Hendon 1,216 Hornsey 1,319 Tottenham 1,109 Willesden 1,158 Wood Green 1,162 5 As a general rule the ratio of females to males is higher in those districts where the percentage of females who are not occupied in any extra, domestic work is also high. The only exception is Edmonton. But Edmonton is also exceptional in another respect as far as sex distribution is concerned. |
72b7ef72-f579-4107-bcbf-66b989aef435 | In all other districts the preponderance of male births is reflected in the figures for ages below four years of age. The heavier death-rate amongst males, however, results in equalising the sexes by about the tenth year, after which the females become more numerous than the males. In the whole county, the excess of females beyond the age of 20 is more marked than it was in 1911. Even at ages over 40 the increase in the excess is marked; but the bulk, as was to be expected, lies within the age period 20—39 years. The character of the district seems to have very little influence upon the sex distribution under four years of age. The figures for all the districts are fairly constant with the exception of Edmonton. |
0184c166-72d3-4332-ba7e-1d1201e4e62a | The numbers of females to every 1,000 males under four years were as follows:— Acton 977 Ealing 980 Edmonton 1,000 Enfield 959 Hendon 944 Hornsey 984 Tottenham 951 Willesden 971 Wood Green 986 Interest in sex proportions, however, lies mainly in their incidence in the unmarried and therefore marriageable population; and the changes dealt with above in respect of the whole population have accordingly been extended to show the effect on the marriageable (i.e. the single and widowed) portion for age periods above age 20. The bulk of the excess is now shown to fall at ages over 40, notwithstanding the fact that very large increases in the excess have, owing to the events in the past decade, occurred at ages between 20 and 40. |
7fa79006-bdb8-43ed-8c5a-27e1d5edacba | In the whole county the ratio of unmarried females per 1,000 unmarried males increased from 1,216 to 1,300 in the age group 20—29, and from 1,594 to 2,031 in the age group 30—39. In the age group 40—49 the ratio had increased to 2,473 to 1,000. In Acton the ratio in the two younger age groups was lower than in the county and higher in the age group 40—49. In the age group 20—29, the ratio was 1,245 unmarried females to 1,000 unmarried males; in the age group 30—39, the ratio was 1,865 "to 1,000, and in the age group 40—49 years, it was 2.547 to 1,000. |
a89f72d2-ccf6-4822-afb3-29beaae2e3d6 | In some of the districts it was much higher; for instance in Ealing the figures were:— 6 20—29 years, 1,628 unmarried females to 1,000 unmarried males. 30—39 years, 2,985 unmarried females to 1,000 unmarried males. 40—49 years, 3,963 unmarried females to 1,000 unmarried males. The contrast is always made between men and women of similar age constitution. Husbands, however, are generally older than their wives, the average being from 2—3 years, with a slight tendency to increase, and this should be borne in mind in considering the effect of changes of sex ratio upon the marriage probabilities of the future. Education.—A table has been inserted giving the number of persons of each sex attending educational institutions. The institutions attended are not necessarily situated in the same area as the persons attending them. |
7a69cb6a-a810-44ce-860a-c7a214d2b34a | With the exception of Enfield, Acton has a considerably higher percentage of children under 4 years of age attending school. This phenomenon possibly bears some relation to another table which is given on a later page, and in which the occupations are set forth. The complete figures for Acton are given as they form an interesting basis of comparison with the figures obtained in the Census recently instituted by the Education Committee:— Age last birthday. Total Population Persons Attending Educational Institutions. Whole Time. Part Time. Males. Females. Males. Females. Males. Females. |
de6b9599-153a-42a2-a5cd-91d50457c60d | All ages 28,317 32,982 5,453 5,387 115 168 0-4 years 2,520 2,464 166 150 3 7 5-9 „ 2,944 2,811 2,643 2,479 35 49 10-14 „ 2,818 2,897 2,400 2,450 29 33 15-19 „ 2,518 2,886 193 264 31 68 20-24 „ 2,124 2,865 36 25 10 6 25 & over 15,393 19,059 15 19 7 5 Occupations.—For the first time detailed tables giving the occupations of the inhabitants are published. The comparative tables are too elaborate for insertion, and the Registrar-General's knowledge of local conditions is insufficient to explain the incidence of specified occupations in certain localities. |
df282a14-547a-43ad-9cbc-83f28cd56b81 | Among males there is little evidence of any specialization of industry in the tables. Two foci of the metal working trades may be noted in different parts of the county, Enfield and Edmonton on the one hand and Acton and Willesden on the other. The two 7 former are no doubt associated with the location of the Government Small Arms Factory at Enfield, as evidenced by the proper tion of gunsmiths. In Acton the number is caused by the number of motor and other engineering works in the Vale and the northern part of the area. |
1082c175-6f16-4b03-a063-c4dde2c2c6ef | The proportions per 1,000 of the total male population over 12 employed as metal workers in the 4 districts are as follows:— Enfield 144 Edmonton 121 Acton 127 Willesden 102 Locomotive drivers are naturally found in unusual numbers in Willesden, and 55 out of every 1,000 males over 12 years are employed as railway transport workers, and Wood Green came second with 37, and Acton and Hendon next with 32 each. Among both sexes laundry workers are far more numerous in Acton than in any other district. Among men over 12, 13 out of every 1,000, and among women over 12, 188 out of every 1,000 are employed as laundry workers. The next highest district is Willesden; but even in Willesden, where their proportion is not one-third of that of Acton, it is higher than in any London borough except Hammersmith. 85.8 per cent. |
9508757e-e837-446b-bef2-32dd1bc00056 | of all males over 12 years of age in Middlesex are in some occupation and less than 15 per cent. are unoccupied or retired. The 3 districts (with over 50,000) in which there is the highest percentage of occupied males are Willesden with 88.1 per cent., Tottenham with 87.6 per cent., and Acton with 87.3 per cent. The lowest, though, Ealing, has a percentage of 84.2. In the county 33.4 per cent., or a third of the women over 12 years, are employed in some extra-domestic occupation, and of the total employed 17.1 per cent. of them were married or widowed. In this respect again Acton occupies a high place, the highest being Hendon with 37.7 per cent., and Acton second with 36.6 per cent. The lowest percentage is in Enfield with 31.2 per cent. |
6a164bc3-1c62-4541-a76e-aa98e95af4f5 | In the matter of its number of married or widowed women occupied, Acton occupies the unenvious position of being considerably the highest in the county. 25.7 per cent., or roughly one-fourth of the women occupied being married or widowed. The next highest are Willesden and Tottenham with 18.4 per cent. and 18.1 per cent. respectively. This feature of our vital statistics has been emphasised on many occasions and is reflected in our returns, especially our infantile mortality returns. The phenomenon is almost entirely explained by the preponderance of laundry workers in the district, and is not due to any transient economic distress causing unemployment amongst men. 8 Anyone who knows the conditions of laundry employment is aware of the facility with which many women drift back to their old occupation after their marriage. Some women only leave temporarily for a short period before and after their confinement. In former years the remark was frequently made that Acton was a dormitory of London. |
ed081c1f-762d-42b9-b569-1931878b577d | At the time probably this remark was true, though until the last census, there was no exact information upon which an opinion could be based. It was at the Census of 1921 that occupied persons ir England and Wales were asked for the first time to give particulars of their place of work. In fact, this was probably the first occasion upon which statistics ot workplaces have been obtained and presented by any country in the world. In and around London masses of population move in tides of daily ebb and flow. These movements obviously have a direct bearing upon many difficult problems of traffic, transport and housing. Statistically considered, morever, the position is important. The resident population of any locality is no longer the sole matter of concern to that locality. During the day it may be peopled by a body of workers numerically exceeding and even differently composed from its so-called permanent population. |
716f40cd-c80a-4859-93f8-7da5f5219c05 | In the large majority of the individual districts in and around London, the net movement is outward ; the tendency towards a high degree of concentration of the day population towards the centre of the region is well marked by the movements recorded in respect of the Metropolitan Boroughs, in 13 of which the population is increased during the day. The outstanding example is, of course, the City itself, which regularly expands and contracts between an insignificant night population of 13,709, and the more than thirty times as large number of 416,150 in the day, a number which takes no account of the large miscellaneous movements represented by visitors for shopping and other purposes, and by the traffic of all kinds passing continuously through the city in transit between areas on either side. Acton is a notable exception to most of the districts in Greater London. It is the only area with a population oevr 50,000 in the Home Counties outside the Metropolitan Area where more people come in daily to work than go out. |
b7274a37-79aa-4f08-aeb5-d975568cb994 | Whereas 13,346 residents leave the district daily to follow their usual occupation, 14,575 come in for the same purpose. In the County of Middlesex there are only four districts jn which the inward movement exceeds the outward, viz., Greenford, Hayes, Staines and Uxbridge Rural. With the exception of West Ham, more persons come in to Acton to work than to any other area in the Home Counties outside the Metropolitan area, and in West Ham the outward movement, far exceeds the inward. More non-residents work within the area than residents. The total number of residents employed within the area is 13,501, compared with 14,575 non-residents. 9 The following table gives some of the particulars elicited at the Census:— Total Population enumerated in the area. Males 28,317 Females 32,982 Occupied persons over 12 years of age (and students over 18) enumerated in the area. TOTAL in the area. |
da44fd78-9b1f-4d87-93f0-157f52bcbf45 | With workplaces With no fixed Workplace Workplace not stated. With workplace outside the area. Male 19,026 Female 9,775 Male 6,665 Female 5,636 Male 1,477 Female 297 Male 1,000 Female 380 Male 9,884 Female 3,462 Occupied persons over 12 years of age working in the area, but enumerated elsewhere in London or Home Counties Male 9,971 Female 4,604 Dwellings, Rooms and Families.—The detailed examination of the buildings in each area which is necessary at a Census to ensure the complete enumeration of all population, provides an opportunity for the collection of reliable data in regard to the housing accommodation. To avoid the ambiguity attaching to the use of terms such as "house," "tenement," etc., a new term "structurally separate dwelling" has been introduced as the housing unit serving as the basis of the returns. |
9edc307a-eb5d-4023-972e-fd662479de36 | This term is defined as any room or set of rooms having separate access either to a street or to a common landing or staircase accessible to visitors. Thus, each flat in a block of flats is a separate unit; a private house which has not been structurally divided is a single unit, whether occupied by one family or by several. But where a private house has been structurally divided into separate portions within the meaning of the definition, each portion is regarded as a separate unit. The result has been a far more complete information than that which was obtained in the previous Censuses. Particulars are available as to the number and type of buildings, the number of structurally separate dwellings, the number of rooms in the dwellings, the number of private families occupying them, the number of rooms occupied, and the number of persons in the families, together with much valuable information derivable from the combination in various ways of these particulars. The first table inserted gives the building, dwellings, rooms and families. |
56c9045d-af14-464f-950a-1c6f45a4d644 | 10 Occupied by NonPrivate Families Occupied by Caretakers Vacant on Census Night Occupied by Private Families Total 1—3 Rooms 4—5 Rooms 6—8 Rooms 9 or more Rooms Dwellings Rooms Undivided Private Houses 29 2 242 283 2243 5157 947 8630 54742 Structurally Divided Private Houses .. .. 4 182 87 3 .. 272 908 Blocks of Flats, Tenements, etc. |
89f7e7d2-147d-4d78-b1b1-20cf19d95bca | .. 1 50 1125 956 94 .. 2175 8008 Shops 4 .. 16 48 304 252 41 645 3620 Others 5 .. 5 24 36 34 4 98 481 Totals 38 3 317 1662 3626 5540 992 11820 67759 Vacant on Census Night .. .. .. 26 96 174 21 317 1900 Dwellings Occupied by One Private Family .. .. .. 1590 3133 3402 674 8799 47999 Dwellings Occupied by Two Private Families .. .. .. 46 338 1634 145 2163 13779 Dwellings Occupied by Three or more Private Families .. .. .. .. 59 330 152 541 4081 Total Dwellings Occupied (No.) |
5bdbd4b2-f824-428d-a73d-72caad9a7cbe | .. .. .. 1636 3530 5366 971 11503 65859 By Private Families (per cent.) .. .. .. 14 31 47 8 100 .. Total Private Families therein .. .. .. 1682 4001 7732 1526 14941 .. 11 Structurally divided private houses are separately shown for the first time, with a view to affording an indication of the extent to which houses originally built for the occupation of single families have been structurally divided to provide separate and independent occupation for two or more families. There is evidence in the returns that it has not always been possible for enumerators to distinguish between buildings originally erected to comprise flats or maisonettes, and those subsequently converted for the purpose. Although not absolutely essential to gauge the value of housing conditions which obtain here, some standard of comparison is useful to estimate the advance or the retrogression which has occurred. |
3a767c54-411b-48ae-93be-d678add56975 | It is rather difficult to compare exactly 1921 with 1911 as new terms were introduced in 1921. On the whole, the conditions are not so satisfactory in 1921 as they were in 1911, and the comparison with the whole of Middlesex does not reflect favourably upon Acton. In 1921, in Acton there were 14,941 families living in 11,820 dwellings. The average number of families per occupied dwelling is 1.26, which is the same figure as that of Middlesex. When we analyse this figure, though, it will be seen that the figure of 3 familes per dwelling in Acton is higher, and alters the character of the percentage. |
d4336aa6-5445-411b-96a7-a1c503c63d06 | Middlesex Acton Families living in single occupation of separate dwellings 61% 58.8% Families living two to a dwelling 30% 28.2% Families living in dwellings containing three or more families each 9% 13% It must be remembered that in the census classification of families, a single lodger boarding separately from the occupier is regarded—as on previous occasions—as a separate family. A number obtained in this way will throw little light upon the condition of housing without an examination into the composition of the families and the extent of the accommodation comprised in the dwellings which they occupy. |
3fed39db-8098-4215-8e8b-f133612611b7 | Analysing the dwellings occupied by private families according to the number of rooms in them, the tables show that: Middlesex Acton Dwellings with 3 rooms or less 6% 14% „ „4 to 5 rooms 40.4% 31% „ „ 6 to 8 rooms 45.5% 47% „ „ 9 rooms or more 8.1% 8% 12 The rooms counted are the normal living rooms, including kitchens and bed-rooms, but excluding sculleries, boxrooms, and rooms used for business and professional purposes. The percentage figures for 1911 and 1921 show that comparatively more families occupied one and two room tenements in the latter year than the former. |
8ab5af5d-3a6b-46bd-8edd-60fd067c4e29 | Percentage number of families occupying the following number of rooms:— 1 2 3 4 5 6 & 7 8 & 9 10 & over Total 1911 5.4 7 23.7 16.8 12.6 22.1 8.8 3.6 100% 1921 6.3 9.3 25.3 18.3 12.6 18.9 7.2 1.9 100% The reduction in the percentage figures for dwellings with more than 7 rooms has no public health significance and probably bears no relation to the housing problem. The reduction is caused by other factors. Size of Family in Relation to Number of Rooms Occupied.— The following table gives the essential aspect of housing and overcrowding in a more striking manner than any of the other tables. |
8b3d0ddd-72b3-45e0-bf14-493ac291178c | In it the private families are analysed according to the number of persons in the family and also by the unit of occupation, i.e the number of rooms occupied by the family whether forming the whole or part only of a structurally separate building. 13 Number of Persons in Family Number of Private Families occupying the following Number of Rooms Total Private Families Population in Private Families Rooms Occupied Average Number of Rooms per Person 1 2 3 4 5 6 & 7 8 & 9 10 & over Number Per Cent. 1 406 146 133 66 31 57 17 . 856 5.7 . . . 2 286 461 732 447 251 385 125 27 2714 18.2 856 2021 2.36 3 169 410 900 612 355 589 219 50 3304 22.2 5428 10228 1. |
b1b65476-f365-4dc7-9c7e-d545f6c59516 | 88 4 65 188 737 576 405 588 271 57 2887 19.3 9412 14030 1.42 5 12 91 563 386 305 462 160 41 2020 13.5 11548 13625 1.18 6 5 44 353 268 214 301 130 39 1354 9.1 10100 9672 0.96 7 1 25 213 171 134 176 74 17 811 5.4 8124 6734 0.83 8 1 11 112 100 82 130 45 18 499 3.3 5677 3967 0.70 9 1 5 48 52 48 69 18 13 254 1.7 3992 2569 0.64 10 . |
0e42417e-c3d3-4240-ab10-8ced387ea904 | 1 25 29 33 38 10 10 146 1.0 2286 1348 0.59 11 . 1 7 18 15 16 5 2 64 0.4 1460 802 0.55 12 . . 3 1 3 4 . 5 16 0.1 704 331 0.47 13 . . 1 1 4 7 . . 13 0.1 192 115 0.60 14 . . . . 1 2 . . 3 . 169 70 0.41 15 and over . . . . . . . . . . 42 17 0.40 Total Private Families 946 1383 3827 2727 1881 2824 1074 279 14941 100 . . . |
d850faf5-acde-43ed-83aa-a5145be4e7a6 | Population in Private Families 1859 4098 15373 11616 8650 12768 4783 1433 60490 . . . . Rooms Occupied 946 2764 11478 10907 9403 17995 8991 3045 . . . . . 14 It will be seen that the table is too elaborate for a detailed comparison to be made with other districts, and even a brief analysis of the figures would take up too much space. Each vertical and horizontal column would require individual treatment. Possibly some explanation is necessary. Taken horizontally the first line means that there were at the census 856 separate families which consisted of only one person each. Some of these, of course, were lodgers and as previously explained were reckoned as separate families. |
917fab54-775d-4b7b-9ed0-712a7cf18ed4 | Surprise might possibly be expressed that in 57 instances one person occupied 6 or 7 rooms, and in 17 instances one person occupied 8 or 9 rooms, but these figures are not in any way remarkable and are partly caused by the domestic servant problem. In some districts these figures are much higher and in Chiswick the number of single persons who occupy large houses alone is not only relatively but absolutely higher. In Ealing, the number is higher still. The figures are of more importance when taken vertically. If we again take the first line, it will be seen that 946 families live in one room each. A large number of these are lodgers, but one of the most striking results of the Census has been the uniform increase in the percentage of families living in tenements of less than 4 rooms each, and a consequent decrease in the percentage of those living in dwellings of more than 5 rooms each. |
f830ca5d-6bcd-46e1-a354-b9dde1618e63 | The following table gives the percentage of families in Acton living in various units of population in 1911 and 1921. ROOMS. 1 2 3 4 5 6 & 7 8 & 9 10 & over Total 1911 5.3 7.0 23.7 16.8 12.6 22.1 8.8 3.6 100% 1921 6.3 9.3 25.5 18.3 12.6 18.9 7.2 1.9 100% One outstanding fact, though, should be borne in mind when considering these figures, and that is, the reduction in the average size of families which has taken place between 1911 and 1921. In 1911 in Acton the average number of persons per family was. 4.41 and in 1921, 4.05. |
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