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790e0d58-117b-4f76-90f5-da8167b01f73 | 23 — 23 25 63 88 VISITS PAID BY SCHOOL NURSES. The following Table gives the number of home visits paid by the Nurses during the year. The visits have been divided into school distribution. Acton Wells 192 Priory 204 Beaumont Park 214 Rothschild 217 Berrymede 531 Southfield 213 Central 5 Roman Catholic 12 Derwentwater 210 Special School • * 6 JohnPerryn 162 Total 1966 EXAMINATIONS OF TEACHERS AND OFFICE STAFF. 7 Candidates were examined during the year. 4 95 CONVALESCENT HOMES AND COUNTRY HOLIDAYS Arrangements were made for 46 children to attend holiday camps and hostels during the Summer Season. One girl was sent to the Winter School of Recovery, Bexhill, for a period of 3 months, and two boys were sent for periods of 6 weeks each. MOTHERCRAFT CLASSES. |
f1b5e018-1b9a-4783-bee2-053b0a6c82cb | The following table shows the number of classes sent from each school to the Day Nursery. Priory 6 Beaumont Park 5 Central 5 Acton Wells 5 John Perryn 5 Roman Catholic 1 27 RETURN OF MEDICAL INSPECTIONS. TABLE I. A.—Routine Medical Inspections. Number of Inspections in the prescribed Groups:— Entrants 845 Second Age Group 802 Third Age Group 763 Total 2410 Number of other Routine Inspections B.—Other Inspections. Number of Special Inspections 1805 Number of Re-Inspections 1490 Total 3295 96 TABLE II. A.—Return of Defects found by Medical Inspection in the Year ended 31st December, 1934. Defect or Disease. . Routine. Inspections. Special Inspections. No. of Defects. No. of Defects. Requiring Treatment Requiring to bo kept under observation, but not requiring Treatment. |
90b75f27-5d2c-485b-a709-083c0cfc31da | Requiring Treatment Requiring to bo kept under observation, but not requiring Treatment. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) Malnutrition 6 14 225 7 Skin:— Ringworm: Scalp 1 — 12 - Body '— — 26 — Scabies I — 19 — Impetigo 4 — 167 — Other Diseases (Non-Tuberculous) 8 1 51 - Eye: Blepharitis 11 — 98 — Conjunctivitis 1 — 10 — Keratitis — — 2 — Corneal Opacities — — 3 — Defective Vision (excluding Squint) 108 3 158 — Squint 4 3 11 1 Other Conditions 1 — 40 - Ear: Defective Hearing 1 1 1 1 Otitis Media 7 - 47 — Other Ear Diseases — 1 64 — Nose and Throat: Chronic Tonsillitis only — — 22 |
cc1b1e8d-b471-4bd3-8a6b-f22af5cda8bc | 1 Adenoids only 1 1 3 — Chronic Tonsillitis and Adenoids 10 13 8 2 Other Conditions — 2 — 136 Enlarged Cervical Glands (NonTuberculous) - 65 - 1 Defective Speech 2 1 17 - 97 Defect or Disease. Routine Inspections. Special Inspections. No. of Defects. No. of Defects. Requiring Treatment Requiring to be kept under observation, but not requiring Treatment Requiring Treatment. Requiring to be kept under observation, but not requiring Treatment. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) Heart and Circulation. |
1e368d11-12ea-40f3-8d76-c7e70c03822f | : Heart Disease: Organic — 10 1 2 Functional - 13 3 — Anaemia - 10 1 — Lungs : Bronchitis - 2 — — Other Non-Tuberculous Diseases 1 3 — 1 Tuberculosis: Pulmonary: Definite — — — — Suspected - — 1 — Non-Pulmonary: Glands — — 3 — Bones and Joints - - 2 — Skin - - — — Other Forms - — 1 — Nervous System: Epilepsy — 1 — — Chorea 2 - — 1 Other Conditions - - — — Deformities: Rickets 3 8 — — Spinal Curvature 1 - — — Other Forms 2 4 — — Other Defects and Diseases (excluding Uncleanliness and Dental Diseases) 11 26 699 2 98 B. Number of Individual Children found at Routine Medical Inspection to Require Treatment (excluding Uncleanliness and Dental Diseases). |
f4814089-38c3-4d6c-b606-8d0f166ce053 | Group (» Number of Children Inspected (2) Found to require Treatment. (3) Prescribed Groups: Entrants 845 32 Second Age Group 802 63 Third Age Group 763 62 Total (Prescribed Groups) 2410 157 Other Routine Inspections - - - TABLE III. Return of all Exceptional Children in the Area. CHILDREN SUFFERING FROM MULTIPLE DEFECTS Total 4. BLIND CHILDREN. At Certified Schools for the Blind. At Public Elementary Schools. At Other Institutions. At no School or Institution. Total. — — — - - PARTIALLY BLIND CHILDREN. At Certifed Schools for the Blind. At Certified Schools for the partially Blind. At Public Elementary Schools. At other Institutions. At no School or Institution. Total. — 2 1 1 — 4 99 DEAF CHILDREN. At Certified Schools for the Deaf. At Public Elementary Schools. |
684e604d-af1e-4a1d-b872-77f6ed8b37ad | At other Institutions. At no School or Institution. Total. 4 — — — 4 PARTIALLY DEAF CHILDREN. At Certified Schools for the Deaf. At Certified Schools for the Partially Deaf. At Public Elementary Schools. At other Institutions. At no School or Institution. Total. — — 1 — — 1 MENTALLY DEFECTIVE CHILDREN. Feeble-Minded Children. At Certified Schools for Mentally Defective Children. At Public Elementary Schools. At other Institutions. At no School or Institution. Total. 42 - - - 42 EPILEPTIC CHILDREN. Children suffering from severe Epilepsy. At Certified Special Schools. At Public Elementary 8ehools. At other Institutions. At no School or Institution. Total. 1 — — 2 3 100 PHYSICALLY DEFECTIVE CHILDREN. A tuberculous children. |
ef9f37cf-8d0c-4268-915a-18fbe95ad1d9 | 1.—children suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis, (Including pleura and intra-thoracic glands) At Certified Special Schools. At Public Elementary Schools. At other Institutions. At no School or Institution. Total. — — 3 — 3 ii-children suffering from [non-pulmonary tuberculosis At Certified Special Schools. At Public Elementary Schools. At other Institutions. At no School or Institution. Total. — — 5 2 7 B. DELICATE CHILDREN. (ie) Whose general health renders it desirable that they should be specially selected for admission to an Open Air School. At Certified Special Schools. At Public Elementary Schools. At other Institutions. At no School or Institution. Total. — — — — — 101 C. CRIPPLED CHILDREN. |
10501b78-932c-4c4d-b735-e88bcf3297cf | (ie) (Other than those diagnosed as tuberculous and in need of treatment for that disease) who are suffering from a degree of crippling sufficiently severe to interfere materially with a child's normal mode of life. At Certified Special Schools. At Public Elementary Schools. At other Institutions. At no School or Institution. Total. 2 3 2 2 9 D. CHILDREN WITH HEART DISEASE. (ie) Children whose defect is so severe as to necessitate the provision of educational facilities other than those of the Public Elementary School. At Certified Special Schools. At Public Elementary Schools. At other Institutions. At no School or Institution. Total. 2 2 - 2 6 table iv. Return op Defects treated during the Year ended 31st December, 1934. Treatment Table. Group I—Minor Ailments (excluding Uncleanliness, for which see Group VI.) Disease or Defect. |
c2ca7c26-22e8-495b-a118-8ff470ded95b | (1) Number of Defects treated, or under treatment during the year. Under the Authority's Scheme. (2) Otherwise (3) Total. (4) Skin : Ringworm-Scalp (i.) X-Ray Treatment. 4 - 4 (ii.) Other Treatment. — 8 8 Ringworm-Body 26 26 Scabies 19 - 19 Impetigo 164 3 167 Other skin disease 51 — 51 Minor Eye Defects: (External and other, but cluding cases falling in Group ii.) 103 10 113 Minor Ear Defects 106 5 111 Miscellaneous (e.g., minor injuries, bruises, sores, chilblains, &c.) 658 41 699 Total 1131 67 1198 102 Group II.—Defective Vision and Squint (excluding Minor Eye Defects treated as Minor Ailments—Group I.) Defect or Disease. |
a9863172-b6d3-4601-9dea-5f8f4f9e3991 | (1) No. of Defects dealt with. Under the Authority's Scheme (2) Submitted to refraction by private practitioner or at hospital, apart from the Authority's Scheme (3) Otherwise (4) Total. (5) Errors of Refraction (including Squint) 404 16 — 420 Other Defect or Disease of the Eyes (excluding those recorded in Group I.) 8 - - 8 Total 412 16 — 428 Total number of children for whom spectacles were prescribed— (a) Under the Authority's Scheme 318 (b) Otherwise 16 Total number of children who obtained or received spectacles— (а) Under the Authority's Scheme 318 (b) Otherwise 16 Group III.—Treatment of Defects of Nose and Throat. Number of Defects. Received Operative Treatment. |
a20628ba-b04f-4357-b822-aff1b61dcc78 | Received other forms of Treatment (4) Total number treated (5) Under the Authority's Scheme, in Clinic or Hospital (1) By Private Practitioner or Hospital, apart from the Authority's Scheme (2) Total (3) 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. 17 4 17 - 2 - - - 19 4 17 - — 40 (1)—Tonsils only. (2)—Adenoids only. (3)—Tonsils and Adenoids. (4)—Other defects of the Nose and Throat. 103 Group IV.—Orthopaedic and Postural Defects. (1) Under the Authority's Scheme. (2) Otherwise. Total No. Treated. Residential Treatment with Education. (0 Residential Treatment without Education. (ii) NonResidential Treatment at an Orthopaedic Clinic. |
609ebe09-bc8a-4492-8d7f-911b9ef4a59e | (iii) Residential Treatment with Education. (i) Residential Treatment without Education. (ii) NonResidential Treatment at an Orthopaedic Clinic. (iii) No. of Children Treated. — — — 2 2 104 Group V.—Dental Defects. 1) Number of Children who were:— (2) Half-days devoted to :— Inspection — — 44 Treatment — — 418 (a) Inspected by the Dentist: Total 462 Acred : Routine Age Groups 5- 686 (3) Attendances made by children for treatment — 3993 6- 662 7- 746 (4) Fillings:— 8- 878 Permanent teeth 2158 9- 757 Temporary teeth 48 10- 834 11- 725 Total 2206 12- 709 (5) Extractions:— 13- 863 Permanent teeth. |
28817914-32ce-423c-a06c-857022bdecda | — 658 14- 256 Temporary teeth 3664 Total 7116 Total 4322 Specials 478 (6) Administrations of general anaesthetics for extractions 1909 Grand Total 7594 (7) Other operations:— (6) Found to require treatment 5258 Permanent teeth 286 Temporary teeth 71 (c) Actually treated — 2652 Total 357 Group VI.—Uncleanliness and Verminous Conditions. |
375c83c0-3d32-4632-8e47-f602a8bd9890 | Average number of visits per school made during the year by the School Nurses 12 Total number of examinations of children in the Schools by School Nurses 29116 Number of individual children found unclean:— Vermin and Nits 107 Slightly infested 609 Number of children cleansed under arrangements made by the Local Education Authority 15 Number of cases in which legal proceedings were taken:— (а) Under the Education Act, 1921 (b) Under School Attendance Byelaws 105 STATEMENT OF THE NUMBER OF CHILDREN NOTIFIED DURING THE YEAR ENDED 31st DECEMBER, 1934, BY THE LOCAL EDUCATION AUTHORITY TO THE LOCAL MENTAL DEFICIENCY AUTHORITY. Total number of children notified 6 Analysis of the above Total. Diagnosis. Boys. Girls. 1. |
ce60309f-6513-40fd-8169-1dc68541f8f2 | (i) Children incapable of receiving benefit or further benefit from instruction in a Special School: (a) Idiots 1 — (b) Imbeciles — 1 (c) Others — — (ii) Children unable to be instructed in a Special School without detriment to the interest of other children: (a) Moral defectives — — (b) Others — — 2. Feeble minded children notified on leaving a Special School on or before attaining the age of 16 4 3. Feeble-minded children notified under Article 3, i.e., "special circumstances" cases - - •1. Children who in addition to being mentally defective were blind or deaf — — Grand Total 5 1 We are, Your obedient Servants, D. J. THOMAS. N. G. HOWELL. |
0dc8c7f0-82c7-40c5-98c6-ac8c4041bb73 | ACT 38 Borough of Acton. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Medical Officer of Health TOGETHER WITH THE Report on the Medical Inspection of Schools FOR THE YEAR 1935. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Medical Officer of Health FOR THE YEAR 1935. Public Health Department, Municipal Offices, Acton, W.3. Tu the Mayor, Aldermen and Councillors of the Borough of Acton. Ladies and Gentlemen, I beg to submit the Annual Report for 1935, required by the Ministry of Health, together with the Annual Report on the School Medical Services. Area.—In last year's report it was stated that there had been a re-arrangement of boundaries between the Acton Council and the Brentford and Chiswick Council, and also the Ealing Council. The area of the district at present is 2,317 acres. |
54f1546f-923e-4018-bb2a-3c92b11244d7 | Rateable Value.—The rateable value of the Borough on 1st April, 1935, was £765,110, and the sum represented by a penny fate was {2,825 (year ended 31st March, 1935). The number of inhabited houses, according to the Rate books at the 31st March, 1935, was 16,338 4 Extracts from Vital Statistics.—The following table gives the extracts from the vital statistics required by the Ministry of Health:- POPULATION 68,960. Live Births. Total. M. F. Birth-rate per 1,000 of estimated population—12.6 Legitimate 823 436 387 Illegitimate 45 25 20 868 461 407 Still Births. |
afd87809-55ff-46ab-9c04-fc4ba709f05c | Legitimate 31 18 13 Rate per 1,000 births —39 Illegitimate 3 1 2 34 19 15 Deaths 704 Death-rate per 1,000 inhabitants— 10.2 Deaths from Puerperal causes (Headings 29 and 30 of the Registrar General's short list). Deaths Rate per 1,000 births No. 29 Puerperal Sepsis 2 2.3 No. 30. Other Puerperal causes 2 2.3 Death-rate of Infants under 1 year of age. All infants per 1,000 births 59 Legitimate infants per 1,000 legitimate births 57 Illegitimate infants per 1,000 illegitimate births 127 i Deaths from Measles—all ages 0 !Deaths from Whooping Cough 3 'Deaths from Diarrhoea—under 2 years of age 11 POPULATION. |
102dffd8-7301-4b23-aff0-0440881aa971 | The Registrar General has given the estimated population (for mid 1935 at 68,960, a reduction of 383 on the estimate for mid 1934, and a reduction of 1,550 on the Census population, 5 The number of parliamentary electors in Acton since 1931 has been as follows:- 1931 47,863 1932 48,126 1933 48,245 1934 48,228 1935 48,258 The number of new houses erected during the last five years were:- 1930-31 449 1931-32 257 1932-33 188 1933-34 224 1934-35 134 SOCIAL CONDITIONS OF THE DISTRICT. Although there has been no sudden change in the social conditions of the district, a gradual change has been in operation for many years, and the process still continues. |
003a0468-1103-4c2f-a339-0898c1bafd8c | There are certain periods in the history of the district when possibly the conditions have more definitely altered, and the period since the Great War has been one of those. Otherwise the conditions which obtain are similar to those described in last year's Annual Report. Unemployment is slowly but steadily diminishing as the following figures show:- 31s/ December, 1933. 2816 men 461 women 3277 31s/ December, 1934. 2273 men 447 women 2720 31s/ December, 1935. 2074 men 551 women 2625 6 AMBULANCE FACILITIES. The ambulance facilities are similar to those described in previous reports. There is a motor ambulance for the removal of infectious cases to the Isolation hospital, and two ambulances provided for accident and non infectious cases. The latter are housed at the fire station and are available at all hours. |
1bf873b9-b206-4d7a-98a0-8822d28983d8 | Last year the ambulance was called out to 537 street accidents, and on 465 occasions to private cases. Fees amounting to £89 9s., were paid for the use of the ambulance for private cases. There has been no development or marked changes in the sen-ices provided in the area under the following heads:- Laboratory facilities. A mbulance facilities. Nursing in the home. Clinics and Treatment Centres. Hospitals—Public and Voluntary. HOSPITAL PROVISION. General.—The only General Hospital in the District is the Acton Hospital, Gunnersbury Lane, which has an accommodation of 65 beds. During the year, 1269 patients were admitted; this is a decrease of 33 on the previous year, but as their average length of stay was 18.1 days against 17.29 days in the previous year, this decrease is accounted for. |
c759db9d-6783-47a9-8778-4e3ed38cb5bd | The beds have been continuously occupied, and the average number of patients resident daily was 62.94. The Education Committee continues its agreement with the Hospital for payment for the removal of tonsils and adenoids and the patients are kept in the Hospital for at least one night. 8508 out-patients were treated during the year, an increase of 757 and the out-patient attendances were 37,118 an increase of 3,745 as compared with 1934. The Hospital supplies a great need in the district, and the work in the out-patient Department has grown so rapidly the last few years that it has become necessary to enlarge that Department. 7 A new Ward is also being built to accommodate a few more men who are constantly being refused admission owing to lack of accommodation. When this has been completed it will be possible to give the children better accommodation in the Ward which up to the present has been used for men. Fever.—Acton Council Fever Hospital. |
04384f95-d749-44b0-91d4-e5ab453e0acc | Small-Pox.—Acton was one of the constituent bodies which formed the Middlesex Joint Small-Pox Board. Under the Provisional Order Confirmation Act of 1929, the Joint Board was dissolved from the 1st April, 1929, and the duties of the Board transferred to the Middlesex County Council. Tuberculosis.—The Tuberculosis scheme is administered by the Middlesex County Council which has sanatoria at Clare Hall and Harefield. Child Welfare Consultation Centres. (а)—47, Avenue Road—Every Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday afternoons at 2 p.m. (b)—John Perryn—Ever}' Monday afternoon at 2 p.m. (c)—Steele Road—Even- Tuesday afternoon at 2 p.m. (d)—Noel Road—Even- Thursday afternoon at 2 p.m. Ante-Natal Consultation Centre.—School Clinic every Wednesday at 10.30 a.m. |
04d302c4-3d60-46e8-9498-382e2db2f7fb | Day Nursery.—169 Bollo Bridge Road. School Clinic.—45 Avenue Road. (The above are provided and maintained by the Borough Council). Tuberculosis Dispensary.—Green Man Passage, Ealing, W.13 on Monday at 2 p.m., Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday at 10.30 a.m. First and Third Tuesday in each month at 6 p.m. Treatment Centres for Venereal Diseases.—Various Hospitals in London. (The two latter are provided by the Middlesex County Council). PROFESSIONAL NURSING IN THE HOME. General.—There are two district nurses employed by the Acton Hospital, who visit the homes of both the poor and those who are able to pay. 8 There are also nursing associations which provide purses for different classes of cases. |
641a13b5-ebc9-49fe-a755-10de3eccc97a | Midwives.—The Supenising Authority under the hied wives Act is the Middlesex County Council and from the Country Council I understand that there are 24 certified midwives perchsing the Borough. LEGISLATION IN FORCE. HOUSING. Several reports were made during the year way different Committees of the Council on the Housing Act of 1935 and as the question of overcrowding and its abatement will have have to be cussed during 1936, I shall only make a brief reference to the special work which was done under the Act during last year. The following local acts, special local orders gaved adoptive acts and byelaws relating to Public Health are in force in the district. |
36f186ca-9753-4c74-8dae-95374f24b4d4 | Adopted Infectious Diseases (Notification) Act, 1889 1889 Public Health (Amendment) Act, 1890 1890 Infectious Diseases Prevention Act, 1890 1899 Notification of Births Act, 1907 1907 Public Health Act, 1907 (Clause 50) 1921 Public Health Act, 1925 (Parts 2, 3, 4 and 5) 1926 The Acton Improvement Act, 1904 - New Streets and Buildings 1925 Removal of House Refuse 1899 Common Lodging Houses 1898 Slaughter Houses 1924 "Nuisances, &c. |
f541e250-a9ba-4e5c-b867-9d9337362e8a | 1924 Offensive Trades 1903 Tents, Vans and Sheds 1906 Removal of Offensive or Noxious Matters 1908 Cleansing of Cisterns 1912 Employment of Children 1920 Fouling of Footpaths by Dogs 1929 Smoke Abatement 1930 Houses let in Lodgings 1934 9 Under Section 1 of the Housing Act, 1035, a survey hart to be made in order to ascertain the extent of overcrowding in the district, and in October the Ministry of Health issued Memorandum B, in which detailed instructions were given as to the methods to be adopted in order to obtain the information. Section 2 and the first Schedule to the Act set out the new overcrowding standard which is to apply throughout the whole country. Two standards are laid down, the first dealing with persons per room, and the second relating the floor area of the rooms to the number of inhabitants. |
c8285183-fba2-45ab-8e97-57a11b24fb7b | The number of persons permitted to use a house for sleeping is the lesser of the figures obtained by using both bases of calculation. For convenience, the two tables in the first schedule to the Act are reproduced:- Table I. Where a house consists of:— The permitted number of persons is:- (a) One room 2 (b) Two rooms 3 (c) Three rooms 5 (d) Four rooms 7½ (e) Five rooms or more 10 with an additional 2 in respect of each room in excess of five. (In using this table, a room of less than 50 square feet is not counted as a room). Table 2. II'here a room in any house has a floor area of:— (a) 110 sq. feet or more 2 (b) 90 sq. feet or more, but less than 110 1½ (c) 70 sq. |
a1b66633-817e-4b12-ac82-18e3b722c7bd | feet or more, but less than 90 1 (d) 50 sq. feet or more, but less than 70 ½ (e) Under 50 sq. feet Nil. Approximately 12,000 houses were inspected, containing 10,943 tenements. Of these the tenements were as follows:- 10 Size of Letting. Number. Overcrowded. Possibly. Definitely. |
34ce398a-ddb3-4ad1-8939-eec60dbb772f | 1 room 422 86 17 2 rooms 1,354 327 114 3 „ 5,385 709 151 4 „ 3,242 162 29 5 „ 3,465 57 5 6 „ 2,112 9 - 7 „ 633 1 - 8 „ 176 1 - 9 „ 92 - - 10 „ 41 - - 11 „ 17 - - 12 „ 3 - - 13 „ - - - 14 „ 1 - - 16,943 1,352 316 In the first enumeration there were 316 tenements overcrowded, based upon Table I. It was also found that there were 1,352 tenements potentially overcrowded. These were divided as set out above. It was to ascertain definitely whether these tenements were actually overcrowded that the second survey had to be made. |
7eeaa196-a008-45bb-b423-3503c3aa3e4e | In this survey each room had to be measured to decide whether the tenement was overcrowded according to Table 2. As a result of both surveys we found that this is the present state of affairs as regards overcrowding:- 11 Size of Letting. Number. Number definitely overcrowded. 1 room 422 39 2 rooms 1,354 132 3 „ 5,385 186 4 „ 3,242 60 5 „ 3,465 11 6 „ 2,112 2 7 „ 633 - 8 „ 176 - 9 „ 92 - 10 „ 41 - 11 „ 17 - 12 „ 3 - 13 „ - - 14 „ 1 16,943 430 HOUSING. |
06a5c972-a1a7-43a8-b34e-b278805ff8ac | Number of Houses erected during the year:- (a) Total (including number given separately under (b) 70 (b) With State assistance under the Housing Acts:— (i) By the Local Authority 2 (ii) By other bodies or persons - 1. Inspection of Dwelling-houses during the Year 1935:(1) (a) Total number of dwelling-houses inspected for housing defects (under Public Health or Housing Acts) 1909 (b) Number of inspections made for the purpose 4706 (2) (a) Number of dwelling-houses (included under sub-head(l) above), which were inspected and recorded under the Housing Consolidated Regulations, 1925 1388 (b) Number of inspections made for the purpose 3160 (3) Number of dwelling-houses found to be in a state so dangerous or injurious to health as to be unfit for human habitation Nil. |
97a45226-39c4-401e-af61-0e40b3f102bc | (4) Number of dwelling-houses (exclusive of those referred to under the preceding subhead) found not to be in all respects reasonably fit for human habitation 1876 12 2. Remedy of Dcfccls during the Year without Service of formal Notices:— Number of defective dwelling-houses renderered fit in consequence of informal action by the Local Authority or their officers 1070 3. A it ion under Statutory Powers during the Year:- A.—Proceedings under sections 17, 18 and 23 of the Housing Act, 1930: (1) Number of dwelling-houses in respect of which notices were served requiring repairs 183 (2) Number of dwelling-houses which were ered fit after service of formal notices:- (a) By owners 183 (b) By local authority in default of owners Nil. |
405cfac7-4a96-4c9f-a5a9-d8709cf6f5f4 | B.—Proceedings under Public Health Acts:- (1) Number of dwelling-houses in respect of which notices were served requiring defects to be remedied 32 (2) Number of dwelling-houses in which defects were remedied after sen-ice of formal notices:- (a) By owners 32 (b) By local authority in default of owners Nil. C.—Proceedings under sections 19 and 21 of the Housing Act, 1930: (1) Number of dwelling-houses in respect of which Demolition Orders were made Nil. (2) Number of dwelling-houses demolished in 1935, in pursuance of Demolition Orders Nil. D.—Proceedings under section 20 of the Housing Act, 1930:- (1) Number of separate tenements or underground rooms in respect of which Closing Orders were made Nil. (2) Number of separate tenements or underground rooms in respect of which Closing Orders were determined, the tenement or room having been rendered fit Nil. |
3b7153d1-4e63-45af-a5ae-c0bda6dfcb86 | 13 tabular statement of inspections and detail of WORK CARRIED OUT BY THE SANITARY INSPECTORS. Number of Inspections and Action Taken. Total number of dwelling-houses inspected for housing delects (under Public Health or Housing Acts) 1909 (1) Dealt with by service of Informal Notice 1670 (2) Dealt with by service of Statutory Notice under Section 17, Housing Act, 1930 183 (3) Dealt with by service of Statutory Notice under Public Health Acts 32 Premises (other than defective dwelling houses) inspected for nuisances and miscellaneous defects 665 (1) Dealt with by service of Informal Notice 548 (2) Dealt with by service of Statutory Notice under Public Health Act, &c. 48 Reinspections subsequent to service of Notice 6701 Inspection after notification of Infectious Disease 130 Number of Premises under Periodical Inspection. |
4173f21e-fa3e-4141-b662-9a5b1e5bd3fa | Workshops and Workplaces 126 bakehouses 29 Slaughterhouses 2 Public House Urinals 37 Common Lodging Houses 1 Butchers'Shops 39 Pish Shops 33 Premises where food is manufactured or prepared 35 Milk Purveyors 119 Cowsheds Nil. Piggeries Nil. Rag and Bone Dealers 7 Mews 4 Schools 13 Caravan Grounds 3 Rent Restriction Act. Number of Certificates granted 23 14 Detail of Work carried out. Sanitary Dustbins provided 490 Yards paved or yard paving repaired 226 Insanitary forecourts remedied 85 Defective drains repaired or reconstructed 124 Defective soil pipes and ventilating shafts repaired or renewed 70 Defective fresh air inlets repaired or renewed 59 Defective gullies removed and replaced by new 31 Rain water downpipes disconnected from drain 23 Dishing and curb to gullies repaired and new grating fixed 152 Defective W.C. |
9470d7dc-7ab6-40a5-9234-444608f2ddef | pan and traps removed and replaced by new 159 Defective W.C. flushing apparatus repaired or new fixed 471 Defective W.C. seats repaired or new fixed 322 Defective flush pipe connections repaired 145 Insanitary sinks removed or new fixed 79 Sink waste pipes repaired or trapped 246 Insanitary wall surface over sinks remedied 174 Ventilated food cupboards provided 23 Drinking water cisterns cleaned 363 Defective covers to drinking water cisterns repaired or new fixed 263 Insanitary sites beneath floors concreted 11 Spaces beneath floors ventilated 168 Dampness in walls from defective damp-proof course remedied 238 Dampness from defective roof, rain water gutterings, &c. |
2cc91c0b-0f82-48e3-8d86-793f0ddf908f | remedied 1160 Defective plastering repaired (number of rooms) 473 Rooms where dirty wails and ceilings have been cleansed and redecorated' 2848 Defective floors repaired 277 Defective or dangerous stairs repaired 78 Defective doors and windows repaired 669 Defective kitchen ranges and fire grates repaired 392 Defective washing coppers repaired 115 Coal cupboards provided or repaired 10 New W.C. apartments provided 6 Accumulations of offensive matter removed 37 Drains unstopped and cleansed 246 Overcrowding nuisances abated 23 Drains tested, exposed for examination, &c 62 Smoke observations taken 161 Smoke nuisance abated on service of notice 11 Nuisances from animals abated 9 Notifications of waste of water sent to Metropolitan Water Board 273 15 UNSOUND FOOD SURRENDERED DURING 1935. Cattle. |
cde16b5a-b2d3-49fb-b136-87f1e5c955cd | Carcases Heads Plucks Organs Parts of Carcase 54 7 41 5 sets Ox Lungs with 2 Ribs of Beef Hearts 2 Flanks ,, 7 Ox Livers 1 Leg 6 Ox Kidneys 1 Stirk's Rump 1 Ox Tripe 1 Ox Mesentery 52 sets Calves' Lungs with Hearts 17 Breasts of Veal 29 Calves' Kidneys 7 Ribs „ 15 Calves' Livers 5 Legs 4 Shoulders 2 Knuckles 1 Loin „ 1 Hindquarter Sheep, Carcases Plucks Organs Parts of Carcase 4 16 66 sets Lungs with 2 Ribs Mutton Hearts 3 Livers 2 Shanks „ Pigs. Carcases Heads Plucks Chitterlings Parts of Carcase 73 1115 474 3362 lbs. 95 lbs. Ribs 38 lbs. Collars 118 lbs. |
eb81c95a-8525-4860-9172-c51a44e21ba8 | Foreq'ters 330 lbs. Hindq'ters 132 lbs. Shoulders 148 lbs. Legs. 408 lbs. Sides 16 Other Foods. 44 Fowls. 17 Ducks. 17 cwt. Preserved Pork & Veal. 17 lbs. Pressed Beef. 6 lbs. Corned Beef. 9 st. Nonvav Herrings. 6 st. 12 lbs. Cod. 4 boxes Kippers. 3 boxes Whiting. 9 gallons Whelks. 1 tin Prawns. 9 boxes Canary Tomatoes. 17 NUMBER OF PIGS CARCASES INSPECTED FROM 1st JANUARY TO 31ST DECEMBER. 1935 WITH ANALYSIS OF SURRENDERS ON ACCOUNT OF DISEASE. 1935 No. of Carcases Inspected. No. of Heads Diseased. No. |
a6e2f120-c476-496d-b874-c480b1af8c71 | of Carcases Diseased. No. of sides Diseased. No. of Fore Quarters Diseased. No. of Hind Quarters Diseased. No. of Legs Diseased. No. of Shoulders Diseased. Plucks (Lungs, Livers and Hearts). Mesenteries, Stomachs and Intestines Pieces of Pork. January 1661 57 6 - 1 - - - 30 204 lbs. — lbs. February 1776 87 4 - - - - - 39 300 „ 68 „ March 1939 81 6 - - - 2 - 30 344 „ - „ Apr:l 2003 88 5 - - - - - 53 290 „ 25 „ May 2101 85 3 - - - - - 43 112 , |
f96a0daf-0b7b-4332-a4cf-bc4a991435a5 | - „ June 1722 60 4 - - - - 11 22 208 „ - , July 1601 88 3 3 1 4 - - 23 184 „ -" August 1635 85 4 - - - - - 44 270 „ 59 , September 2549 158 7 - - 1 - - 57 408 „ 13 , October 3500 181 13 - 2 1 - - 59 308 „ - , November 4505 182 17 - - - - - 41 252 „ - , December 4009 111 8 - - 5 - - 73 480 „ - , Total 29001 1269 80 3 4 11 3 11 520 3704 „ 165 „ 18 INSPECTION AND SUPERVISION OF FOOD. Milk SUpply. |
ebbc2b91-2295-4bbb-ac32-09b1d7ada47b | There are no cowsheds in the Borough, all the milk being produced outside. There are 119 persons or firms retailing milk in the district under the following categories:- Dairymen. Purveyors of Milk No. with rounds not occupying premises in the Borough. No. with rounds occupying premises in the Borough. No. of General shops from which milk is sold from covered pans only No. of shops from which milk is sold in closed and unopened receptacles only. 12 19 2 86 Special Designated Milk The number of persons or firms licensed to sell Special Designated Milk is as follows:- 3 " Certified " 7 " Grade A (Tuberculin Tested) " 1 " Grade A " 6 " Pasteurised " 1 " Grade A Pasteurised " The Express Dairy Co., have a pasteurising plant at No. 100 Bollo Lane. bakehouses. |
4a208f37-a130-488d-8aba-8c60e9b1313e | Of the 29 bakehouses in the Borough 5 are underground. These were licensed under the Factory Act of 1901. smoke abatement. During the year, 56 factory chimneys have been watched on 161 occasions, and only 11 complaints of smoke nuisances have been received. In no case was it necessary to institute Police Court proceedings as the offenders promptly took steps to comply with the Notices served upon them. One firm has installed a new and larger boiler to meet their needs, abolished the iron chimney, and substituted a brick shaft one hundred feet high. With suitable fuel carefully stoked no nuisances from smoke should occur at these works in future. 19 For the abatement of smoke from the chief offender, the domestic fire burning raw coal, there is on solution, the reasons being that sufficient heat cannot be generated to burn the hydrocarbon gases which are driven off. |
476c051a-a74d-4517-b62f-1bdae981f0f1 | Many patent grates are on the market, constructed to effect an economy in the consumption of coal, but these do not in any way diminish the smoke emitted into the atmosphere. Inventors have also turned their attention to the construction of grates and ranges for burning coke, which are very successful up to a point, the drawback being that one cannot keep a coke fire low; to get the best results the fire should be deep and high-banked. It has been found that the transformation of coal to coke does not diminish the sulphur content by any appreciable amount so that coke fires emit almost as much sulphur dioxide into the air as coal fires, and as sulphur acids are the cause of the corrosion of stone-work, deterioration of paint-work, &c., there is no advantage from burning of coke so far as this destructive impurity is concerned, but it would be an advantage from the point of view of a cleaner atmosphere and the abolition of dirty fogs. |
5ecd707b-a225-4d3e-8ad5-f9541ca9a9b4 | With regard to large steam raising plants such as Tower Stations, the difficulty is the prevention of the emission of grit and sulphurous acid gases. In such works no expense is spared in providing the latest methods of burning coal as nearly smokeless as possible, and thousands of pounds are spent in installing apparatus for arresting grit and washing the flue gases. The best of these appliances, I understand, will arrest from 85 to 95 per cent. of the grit. the remainder being discharged into the air, and 98 per cent. of sulphur dioxide can be removed from the smoke by washing. The boilers in all large steam raising plants are fitted with combustion chambers beyond the firegrates, and the temperature in this chamber with the addition of the secondary air which is admitted over the fire is sufficient to consume the volatile gases. Factory chimneys, therefore, pollute the air far less with the tarry volatile gases than domestic chimneys. |
725b2e0e-690e-45a3-af28-837f05149593 | It can be readily understood that it is impossible to prevent Smoke from steam raising plants when the fires are first lighted, the temperature of the combustion chamber is not high enough to consume the gases. A really efficient grit arrester would not be suitable for small stram raising plants, and the cost also would be prohibitive. The practical remedy therefore, is to get the owners of such plants to install suitable fire bars in their present boilers to burn but if the boiler is being forced by the use of mechanical draught in consequence of being too small in capacity, there would 20 still he a nuisance from grit. Tn such cases, new boilers of sufficient capacity must be installed, and worked under natural draught, hut coke should certainly be the fuel used. In practice, however, difficulties enter into the matter such as the cost of coke, 30s. peT ton, as compared with the cost of cheap slacks, 20s. |
7f3550c0-233f-4151-9965-94382aa16382 | per ton, and in these days of keen competition this is an important factor. The solution of the problem of smoke and grit emission seems to lie in the more extensive use of gas and oil. With regard to the domestic fires, although gas and electricity are extensively used, there is still a prejudice in favour of the open coal fire, and in the case of working class families it is the question of expense which determines the continued use of one coal fire for all purposes. BIRTHS. Table 7 is in the same form as in previous years. The total number of births is obtained from the Registrar General, and includes all the births which belong to the district wherever they may have been registered throughout the kingdom. The registered births numbered 868—461 males and 407 females. |
f39cbf1b-87d0-4fea-8071-a5457f49a92d | From this total we are not able to distinguish the births into wards, but as there is only a difference of 19 between the number of registered and notified births, the ward distribution of the notified births is approximately correct also for the registered births. The total number of registered births corresponds to an annual birth-rate of 12.6 per 1,000 inhabitants. The birth-rate is the same as it was two years ago, but the number of births is the lowest recorded for 40 years. We have to go back to 1894, to find a smaller number of births registered and belonging to the district; in that year, 834 births occurred, but as the population then was about 27,000, the birth-rate was nearly 31 per 1,000 of the inhabitants. |
64ae2fd3-4d1b-42be-b49f-09130da61eef | The birth-rate for the whole of England and Wales last year was 14.7 per 1,000 ; for the 121 County Boroughs and the 140 smaller towns with populations between 25,000 and 50,000 inhabitants it was 14.8 and for the Administrative County of London 13.3 per 1,000 inhabitants. A falling birth-rate is general throughout the kingdom, but while a district is developing, the phenomenon is not noticed, because some of the features are masked ; the total supply of births is kept up by the increasing population, and the Ipwered 21 rate does not become marked on account of the migration into the district of young married couples. When these factors disappear, and the population of a district becomes as it were stabilized, the effects of a falling birth-rate are then more apparent. |
010a381a-baaa-4b5c-bd75-bc712eec2854 | In some of the Metropolitan boroughs, the number of births has been nearly halved in the last 10 years; there is a smaller population in these boroughs because the families are smaller than they were, but the lower population is not the only cause of the drop in the number of births. Whenever the Registrar General's reports are published, articles appear in the daily press pointing out the dire results which will follow if the tendency continues. As these articles usually refer to a general state of things, it is doubtful if we ever take the trouble of asking the question how the figures may affect our own district, and what problems do the figures present to us. Frequently, when figures in the mass do not-appeal, when these are analysed, their significance becomes clearer. The following Table gives the births and population in the ilifferent Wards at intervals of 10 years. |
8ed55093-54db-4989-90ae-9c64cc129023 | North-East North-West South-East South-West Population Birth Population Births Population Births Population Births 1906 13,000 325 11,000 229 11,000 255 17,000 724 1915 14.700 324 11,030 210 14,800 334 17,000 522 1925 18.000 268 14,000 168 16,000 188 15,000 362 1935 22.300 292 10,700 184 15,300 105 15,000 268 Although the figures for the Wards are not absolutely correct, they are approximately and relatively correct. In the interval between 1906 and 1935 the population of the North-East and North-West Wards has increased and altered very considerably, but even in these wards the number of births in 78 less in 1935 than it was in 1906. |
fb88809d-1a65-447c-b6ae-28406e8302e2 | But it is in the South-East and South-West Wards that the numbers are startling. These two wards have increased very little in population in 30 years; in 1906 their population was estimated at 28,000 and in 1935 at The births in these two wards have fallen from 979 in1906 to 373 in 1935. What is the trend of events, and what effect till this trend have; even if the conditions have become stable will the South-East and South-West Wards, will the same course 22 of events follow in the North-Hast and North-West Wards in the next deeennium ? We may look at the figures from another angle—the angle of the distribution of the population into age-groups, because the altered incidence of the ages presents problems as important if not as acute as the falling birth-rate. The following table gives the population and the proportion of persons living in the different age-groups at the last four Censuses. Age in years. |
7139e70e-438f-4a8e-a2f9-a72dc620d744 | 1931 1921 1911 1901 Total Percentage. Total Percentage. Total Percentage. Total Pert-en tage. Under 1 944 1.34 1,196 1.95 1,283 2.23 994 2.63 1-5 3,663 5.21 3,783 6.18 5,140 8.93 3,569 9.46 5—15 10,173 14.44 11,470 18.7 10,930 19.00 8,014 21.23 15-25 12,840 18.22 10,393 16.91 10,286 18.00 7.334 19.43 25-45 22,672 32.15 19,452 31.73 19,010 33.00 11,277 29.88 45—65 11, |
9f704c4d-e58a-46d7-98e5-b0144574479a | 598 22.11 11,788 19.22 8,624 15.00 5,171 13.69 Over 65 4,620 6.50 3,212 5.24 2,325 4.04 1,385 3.67 Examination shows that in the last 30 years there has been a steady and continuous fall in the proportion living in the age periods under 15 years of age; this of course is due to the fall in the number of births, though the improved infantile mortality has modified the fall to some extent. So far there has been no marked difference in age periods 15 to 25 years and 25 to 45 years, but in age periods after 45 years of age, there is a steady rise in the proportion living at those ageperiods. |
569f23cc-b53e-4085-9f78-a3a79c091761 | There are thus 3 phases established here at the present time—a declining population tinder 25 years of age, a stationary population between 25 and 45 years of age, and an increasing population at all ages over 45. These phases have created and will create problems for future administrators; fortuitous circumstances, combined with a certain amount of foresight will solve one problem, of which it is unnecessary to enter into at the present time. The position will soon reflect itself in our death-rate. As there is a diminishing number of young people with a low deathRate and an increasing number of ageing people with a high deathrate, the ultimate effect of these inter-related factors is that the decline in the death-rates at all ages recorded hitherto will cease 23 to appear and it is almost certain that the death-rate at all ages will increase. |
f8c36145-da10-4ef5-a390-0babe059b8cc | This feature has not, as yet, made itself felt on our death rate because of the great improvement which has occurred in the general health of the people and especially in the improved infantile mortality. There is a vast difference between facts and values, and the importance of these figures lies in the value attached to them and their interpretation. Sensational and alarming articles have appeared in the Press, but most of the writers forget that they are not dealing with mechanical figures alone, and there is a biological factor concerned in the problem. Although we may not contribute to the views recently expressed in the Press, the figures should convey to all local administrators a hint as to the lines of future development. Another set of figures may be mentioned which will gain added importance from the Mid wives' Bill, which has recently been introduced in the House of Commons. Under this Bill, it is proposed to set up a salaried Midwifery Service in all districts, and in this district it appears as if this will mean a Municipal service. |
d7b8b528-37af-4a1b-b08c-88b1483cee78 | The present proposals, as they affect Acton, would make the Middlesex County Council the local authority for the purposes of the Act. It is probable that the authorities at the Middlesex Guildhall will not be fully acquainted with the course of events and the trend of opinion here, and if proposals are made, irrespective of recent phenomena, some mistakes will be made. For instance, in addition to the fewer number of births, the percentage of confinements taking place in the home is falling at a very fast rate. In 1925, 909 births out of a total of 1047 or nearly 87% took place in the homes of the mothers. Last year, only 407 births occupied in the district, or less than half of the total births. We have on several occasions pointed out that the tendency to enter an institution for the confinement is growing stronger in this district from year to year. |
890bc90e-55ad-4fc6-9ecf-c26660a335ac | As the factors operating in this direction have in recent reports been fully commented on, it is unnecessary to deal with them again, but so far the same influences which have hitherto affected the increase in institutional confinements, seem still to be in operation. DEATHS. 417 deaths were registered in the district; of these 41 did not belong to Acton, and were transferred to other districts. 328 deaths of Acton residents occurred outside the area, and have been included in our returns. The total number of deaths 24 belonging to the district is therefore 704, which corresponds to a death-rate of 10.2 per 1,000 inhabitants. In last year's report, it was stated that the Registrar General supplies each district with a comparability factor for adjusting the local death-rate to make it comparable with other districts. This comparability factor is based upon the age distribution and sex incidence of the district at the Census of 1931. |
cc1d29d8-eea1-46bb-b20e-ba9febebb353 | The comparability factor for Acton is 1.08. The standardised death-rate for Acton would be 11.01 per 1,000 inhabitants. The death-rate for England and Wales for 1935 was 11.7 per 1,000; the crude death-rate for London Administrative County 13.3; for the 121 County Boroughs and Great Towns with over 50,000 inhabitants 11.8; and for the 140 Smaller Towns with a population between 25,000 and 50,000 inhabitants 11.2 per 1,000 inhabitants. Although the death-rate was not a record low one, and the reasons for this have been discussed in a preceding paragraph, it is correct to state that 1935 was, in many respects, one of the healthiest years on record; during 1935 we were probably freer from physical disease than in any previous year for which we have records. |
d5219042-0b9a-4d37-afb4-5a4f04f81f79 | Some of the causes for this freedom from illnesses which are particularly fatal were not due to any human thought or action. Although we have learnt to control many of the diseases which occur in epidemics, the so-called infectious diseases, there are others which still make their appearance with a regular periodicity and others which appear at irregular intervals. For instance, measles still appears regularly even other year, but 1935 as far as Acton was concerned was an interepidemic year, and we had no deaths from the disease. Influenza also took but a small toll. We do not know the conditions under which influenza appears in epidemic form, but during a severe winter a larger number of deaths is ascribed to influenza. The early part of 1935 was mild and the climatic conditions in the latter part of the year were of a mild character almost up to Christmas. |
bf198c74-f612-40ab-8003-515cdc8b99c8 | These were the conditions which may be said to be accidental in their nature, but there are grounds for stating that there is a general improvement in freedom from disease, and if there had not been a re-distribution in the age incidence of the population, record low death-rates would have been observed in the last few years. If the causes of death be examined, it will be noticed that those which loom large are those which are associated with advancing years, such as cancer, cerebral haemorrhage, old age, heart disease in people over 65 years of age. 357, or more than one-half of the total deaths, were of people over 65 years of age. Not only is the age at death being raised, but even the process of decay can be delayed so that life can be enjoyed for a longer period. But it is not at the later ages alone that the improvement 25 has occurred; we are redrafting our conception of health. |
b4689a2a-3db0-49a2-acbd-c647cb004aa8 | Formerly we were apt to define health as some negative quantity, merely a freedom from disease, but we are far from satisfied now with that definition. We do not consider a person healthy unless he is in such a physical condition that he can enjoy life to the full. The diseases which were particularly fatal in the nineteenth century now occupy a very small space in our returns, and in a diminishing; quantity. Small-pox and typhus fever are almost unknown, and the typhoid and paratyphoid fevers are comparatively rare; very seldom is there a death from scarlet fever. But in the last quarter of the nineteenth century, some of these diseases occurred every vear, and all of them periodically and occasionally. Infantile mortality appears to have fallen permanently to the neighbourhood of 50 per 1,000 births; not only has the infantile mortality been reduced, but the nature and the cause have been altered. |
610e7f22-ffb5-4b7e-a618-52f5f21debeb | Formerly in the infantile mortality list, diarrhoea was by far the most formidable disease, and some deaths every year occurred from suffocation from overlaying. Another noticeable change has been not only the general improvement, but the especial improvement of some of the areas. Formerly the death-rate of the South-West Ward was greatly in excess of that of the whole district, and. the infantile mortality was always two or three times higher than that in the rest of the district. Last year the deaths were distributed through the district as follows:— North-East North-West South-East South-West 223 164 140 177 The death-rate in each ward was as follows:- 10.0 0.8 9.2 12.1 Last year the death-rate in the South West Ward was higher than that of the other wards, but the excess is nothing comparable to that of former years. |
8254cede-e344-493e-93ef-8409ce63ec30 | I have pointed out the diseases which have increased in their incidence and most of these are associated with the altered age distribution of the population, but there is one cause of death which has not only relatively but absolutely increased, and that is deaths from violence. Such causes, of course, as being knocked: down by a motor vehicle, and being involved in a motor smash are mostly post-war experiences. The motor car, of course, was in use before the war, but the transport question has now become acute question, and an inceasing number of deaths are due to this cause. Suicide also has become relatively more common, and 26 last year nine cases of suicide occurred, compared with eight the previous year. I have pointed out in previous reports the attitude of the public towards the treatment of disease in Institutions, and the increasing number of deaths in Public Institutions. Last year 363 deaths occurred in Public Institutions compared with 358 in 1934. Inquests and Coroner's Inquiries. |
4e113143-a10f-4c38-aac5-d0724c1aa6bc | 38 inquests were held last year, and in 28 instances the Coroner issued a certificate without an inquest after he had ordered a postmortem examination. The list of inquests together with the causes of death is given on a later page. INFECTIOUS DISEASES. Scarlet Fever. 103 cases of Scarlet Fever were notified, but there was no death from the disease. These figures indicate that on the whole the disease was of a mild character, but Scarlet Fever, under present conditions, is one of the diseases concerning which it is impossible to generalise. We might say of last year's cases that they were characterised by the absence of the very severe toxic type, but every grade of case from the very mild to the severe was met with. This variety of type is important not only from the clinical, but also from the epidemiological point of view. |
0e0d204c-c69e-4938-b5c8-0c84fa2c785b | Sydenham named the disease from the appearance of the rash, and from his time the presence of the punctate rash of the skin has been regarded as an essential element of the clinical picture, but there are reasons for thinking that the same strain of the haemolytic streptococcus may in one person cause the train of symptoms (including a rash) which we associate with Scarlet Fever, while in another person, one or other symptom (including a rash) may be absent, and yet the latter may be the source of an infection which will exhibit a rash in the infected individual. Scarlet Fever is essentially an infective nasopharyngitis, and the symptoms will depend not only on the infecting organisms, but also on the reaction of the individual to the infection. This is probably one of the reasons of the failure of isolation hospitals to stamp out the disease or even to control epidemics. |
051796d9-90ef-480e-9dbb-2383eb680893 | The hospitalisation of large numbers (here the vast majority) of patients suffering from so-called Scarlet Fever, has quite failed to 27 control the incidence of the disease, and the reasons are fanmily to every epidemiologist. A doctor will not notify a case unless the classical symptoms are present, and especially the rash, but ther are reasons for thinking that the number of cases of streptococe fever and sore throats notified represents but a minority; the more numerous, and, because unrecognised, more dangerous, sufferer from sore throats caused by the same organism, and the carrier remain at large. But, though we recognise that hospitalisation will not solve the problem of the epidemicity or endemicity of Scarlet Fever, the percentage of cases treated in hospital continues and will continue to be a high one; the public insists upon institutional treatment as a social sen-ice, and it should be recognised as such. |
853aeb11-f6c6-4b8f-ba85-818ab66a2aa1 | Scarlet fever is a disease which requires, in the majority of cases, skilled treatment; medical, nursing, dietetic, &c., and the sequelae and complications require prompt treatment. Apart from the treatment, it is an infectious disease, and for three or four weeks at least the patient is infectious; so that, even if there are facilities in the home for isolation and nursing, a case nursed at home places a good deal of restriction on the movements of the rest of the family. It is doubtful if hospitalisation is responsible entirely for the "return" case. After the patient's return home from hospital, scarlet fever occurs in some other member of the household in 2 to 4 per cent. of cases. Last year in the case of three patients discharged from hospital, other cases occurred in the household. These return cases always cause annoyance, and occasionally complaints are made that the infecting case has been prematurely discharged from hospital. |
dc2cbeab-12af-437a-873c-b3f14e826ad1 | In inter-epidemic years, this, of course, would be obviously incorrect; last year there was not at any time any pressure upon our accommodation. One of the cases had been in hospital four weeks, one four weeks and four days, and the third five weeks. In 1927, a memorandum was issued by the Ministry of Health, as a result of evidence obtained from all over the country. The opinion was expressed that there was no good evidence for prescribing a routine period of detention in hospital of more than four weeks in uncomplicated cases, and the old six-weeks period which was based on the now exploded belief in the infectivity of pealing, has long been abandoned by most fever authorities. In a number of hospitals, uncomplicated cases are discharged under 3 weeks, and the shortened period of detention has not increased the percentage of return cases, probably it has decreased it. |
b351e91c-9cd2-40bc-b755-e74963d04b14 | This may sound paradoxical, but the explanation probably lies in the fact that a shortened period of detention in uncomplicated cases has diminished overcrowding of wards. 28 DIPHTHERIA. 80 cases of diphtheria were notified during the year, and there were 8 deaths ; 2 deaths occurred outside the district, and the disease in these cases was also contracted outside. Although there has been a reduction in the number of notifications, the figures indicate that the disease on the whole has been of a virulent type; but the virulent cases have been in non-inimunised children. We have now been artificially immunizing children for nearly four years, and since we have commenced artificial immunization no deaths have occurred in a child w ho has been fully inoculated. During last year, 11 children who had been inoculated contracted diphtheria, but in even' instance the disease was of a mild character, and in most cases it was not necessary to administer antitoxin. |
5ba3e730-8729-4faa-810e-44e4bb50f312 | This is in accordance with the experience of most of those who have carried out artificial immunization. It has been recognised for a long time that a certain percentage of children who have been immunized revert or relapse and become positive. Considerable variation in relapse rates has been found, in some instances, as high as 14 per cent. has been stated to have relapsed within a year of immunization, but as far as we are con|cerned, although artificial immunization does not confer absolute immunity, the process for all practical purposes confers such immunity that no patient who has been immunized is in any danger of his life, nor does he suffer from the sequelae of diphtheria. TUBERCULOSIS. 77 cases of Pulmonary Tuberculosis, and 19 cases of other forms of Tuberculosis were notified during the year., There were 32 deaths from Pulmonary Tuberculosis and 9 deaths from other forms of Tuberculosis. |
e0eca350-e116-4ae5-ac67-9ffd334d8e38 | The death notification interval of the 32 patients who died of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in 1935, was:— Information from Death Returns 5 Died within 1 month after notification 5 Died between 1 and 3 months after notification 5 Died between 3 and 6 months after notification 6 Died between fi and 12 months after notification 1 Died between 1 and 2 years after notification 3 Died between 2 and 3 years after notification 1 Died over 3 years after notification 6 29 The following is a statement of the particulars appearing in the Register of cases of Tuberculosis on 31st December, |
80deaabd-3bbf-46c9-a9ba-b89ec4e642b8 | 1935:- Pulmonary Non-Pulmonary Total Number of Cases on the Register at the commencement of the year 152 males 143 females 31 males 20 females 346 Number of Cases notified for the first time during the year 31 males 34 females 10 males 7 females 82 Number of Cases previously removed from the register which have been restored thereto during the year 1 male 2 females 1 male - females 4 Number of Cases added to the Register other than by notification 6 males 6 females - males 2 females 14 Number of Cases removed from the Register during the year 31 males 24 females 8 males 4 females 67 Number of Cases remaining on the Register at the end of the year 159 males 162 females 35 males 25 females 379 In 1935, the Tuberculosis Officer examined 65 new cases of pulmonary tuberculosis, and 5 new cases of non-pulmonary tuberculosis. |
e096fe19-558f-4c68-ba47-f4cfa292ddac | Forty-two patients were admitted to Sanatoria under the County Scheme, and thirteen were admitted to hospitals. 30 Age Periods New Cases. Deaths. Respiratory. Non- Respiratory Respiratory. Non- Respiratory M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. |
e113b75c-9939-46b6-a516-bc9ecc931e4e | 0- - - - - - - - - 1- - 1 2 - - - - 2 5- - 3 3 5 - - - 2 15- 10 16 2 1 2 3 1 2 25- 7 10 - 2 4 6 - - 35- 7 5 2 - 5 3 - - 45- 8 2 - - 1 1 - - 55- 2 1 1 - 2 1 1 - 65 and upwards 3 2 - 1 3 1 - 1 - - - - - - - - Totals 37 40 10 0 17 15 2 7 31 ISOLATION HOSPITAL. 544 cases were admitted during the year, compared with 718 during 1934. |
59a87d52-c6a6-49d8-8e8b-fa404a4c1e7b | On January 1st, there were 01 cases in the hospital, and on January 1st, 1936, there were 44. The following table gives a list of the cases admitted, together with the diseases from which the patients suffered. Acton. Wembley. Other districts Total. Scarlet Fever 78 218 24 320 Diphtheria 70 92 40 208 Measles 2 1 - 3 Erysipelas 1 3 - 4 Chicken Pox 1 1 - 2 Whooping Cough - 2 - 2 Mumps 4 1 - 5 There were 12 deaths:- Scarlet Fever 1 Diphtheria 11 The Scarlet Fever death was that of a Wembley patient, aged 35 years. |
4280992e-4244-4f76-89d2-4e5847a685ea | The Diphtheria deaths were distributed as follows:- Acton 5 Wembley 4 Other districts 2 On 7 Scarlet Fever patients a complete mastoidectomy was performed, and on two of these the operation was done on both sides. BACTERIOLOGICAL EXAMINATIONS. (a) For Diphtheria Positive. Negative. Total Examinations 2873 321 2552 Sent by Medical Practitioners 45 378 do. (re-examinations) 10 35 Sent from Isolation Hospital 204 1172 Convalescents (1st Swabs) 4 27 Contacts 15 197 do. (2nd examinations) 2 20 do. (3rd „ ) 1 3 Carrier's Swab. |
30025008-76d5-4dd8-ae33-c0bec9961026 | 1 - precautionary Swabs - 29 32 School Sore Throats 5 61 Berrymede School 276 17 259 John Perryn School 8 282 John Perryn School—2nd Swabs 3 5 Derwentwater School 6 81 (b) For Ringworm. Positive. Negative. Total Examinations—17 5 12 (c) For Tubercle. Positive. Negative. Total Examinations—125 17 108 MATERNITY AND CHILD WELFARE. Infantile Mortality. 51 deaths occurred in infants under 1 year, corresponding to an infantile mortality of 60 per 1,000 Birtlis. The infantile mortality is 19 per 1,000 births higher than that of 1934, and 14 per 1,000 higher than that of 1933. |
a4b77e84-3e57-45a3-a18f-17447d32a69c | The increase is almost entirely confined to two causes—prematurity and diarrhoea. There were 11 deaths from. diarrhoea and 13 from prematurity. The increase, from diarrhoea is not easily explainable, as the third quarter of 1935 was not characterised by the weather usually associated with digestive disturbances. There is always a slight increase in the incidence of diarrhoea during a hot and dry summer, in spite of the improvements which have been effected in infant feeding, but the summer of 1935 was neither hot nor dry. There was an increase also in the number of deaths from premature birth, together with congenital conditions such as spina bifida, and congenital heart disease. 5 deaths occurred as the result of injury at birth, compared with none in 1934. 29 of the deaths occurred under the age of 4 weeks. Toddlers. |
707e52db-76b0-443d-9d46-77dd40ddca4b | The present trend of interest among welfare workers is in the direction of improvement of the services for pre-school children, and it is significant that almost all the subjects discussed 33 at the National Conference on Maternity and Child Welfare in 1035, concerned children between the ages of two and five yeaTS of age. Most of the propaganda of some associations has recently been concentrated on the needs of the toddler. Throughout the country it appears that in spite of the comparative neglect of the pre-school child, the mortality trend at that age period has been favourable. This has only been partly true of Acton. There has, of course, been a tremendous improvement since the commencement of this century, but not to the same extent as that which has occurred in the case of mortality of infants under one year of age. The improvement in the infantile mortality began earlier than that of the mortality of the child of school age. |
d02076a7-c101-41b8-a3a6-416ff6353bf8 | In Acton, the infant mortality began to fall about 1008, and with slight intermissions, has been falling steadily up to the present time. The infantile mortality did not fall under 100 per 1,000 births until 1912, but it was falling since 1908 until 1911, when it again rose to 140 per 1,000 births. 1911 was a very hot year and the district suffered greatly from infantile diarrhoea during the hot summer months of that year. In 1912 the infantile mortality fell to 73 per 1,000 births, and with the exception of 1915, when it was exactly 100 per 1,000 births, the infantile mortality has always been below 100 per 1,000 births since 1911. The fall has been almost a continuous one, and in 1933 the infant mortality was 45 ; in 1934, 41 per 1,000 births. |
943ff0cd-1641-4900-8937-707172231c2a | In 1935, there has been a sharp rise in the infantile mortality and a drop in the number of deaths between the ages of 1 and 5 years. The death-rate of children between the ages of 1 and 5 years has shown a curve which is rather curious and not entirelyexplicable. In Acton there was a sharp rise in the toddlers mor tality in the year 1904 which continued fairly high until the end of the Great War. There were slight intermissions in 1910 and 1915, but broadly speaking the toddler mortality did not fall perceptilby and steadily until the year 1919. In that year there was a sharp drop, and although there had been a slight improvement, it has not been a continuous and steady one. Until last year we had the lowest number of deaths in 1923, when there were 20 deaths between the ages of 1 and 5 years; in 1935 there were only 12 deaths at this age period. |
bf2aaaf2-0aaa-4326-92be-9dae44360872 | If we separate the age periods into 1 to 2 years and 2 to a years respectively, 1935 was the record year only in the earlier period with 2 deaths, the previous lowest at that age period being 1933 with 7 deaths. In the age period 2 to 5 years, there were 10 deaths last year compared with 7 in 1925 and 9 in 1931. If the table at the and of the report be examined, it will be noticed that in the 34 fantile mortality rate there has been an even and almost continuous drop, but the numbers of deaths of toddlers show an alternate rise and fall in the even and odd years. If the period since the war be taken, there is a slight but appreciable difference between the even and odd years. Since 1918, measles has occurred here regularly even other year, and the appearance of this disease biennially is sufficient to account for this difference in the mortality rates. |
39e532d0-fa40-4d38-a2f3-d5363003afef | Measles usually makes its appearance in the winter months, and some of the deaths which belong to even-year epidemics occur at the end of the odd year : otherwise the difference between the epidemic and inter-epidemic measles years would make itself more evident in the mortality in the age period 1 to 5 years. Apart from measles in the even years, which in Acton have been the epidemic ones, the diseases which recently have been the most fruitful cause of death amongst toddlers have been whooping cough diphtheria and pneumonia. As far as measles and whooping cough at the present time are concerned, we have no effective means of preventing them, but the administrative measures now adopted have probably been the means of saving many lives and the prevention of many deaths from measles. It was pointed out in last year's Annual Report that measles is now much less fatal than it was in the early part of this century. |
7e369875-3e52-4bb5-9b69-cae33489632e | Many factors have contributed—a better appreciation of the seriousness of measles, better housing conditions, improved economic conditions, better infant nurture as a result of education and of infant welfare work; probably the latter plays the most important role. Another factor is the institutional treatment of measles, more especially of its lung complications. It is frequently stated that measles alone seldom kills, but the fatal result is brought about by one of its complications., usually bronchopneumonia, and it is on this account that institutional treatment has resulted in a lessened number of deaths from the disease. In the last decade, we have been able to treat a proportion of cases in the Fever Hospital. It would be impossible to admit into hospital all the cases of a disease like measles which occurs in an explosive epidemic, but we have been able to admit most of the cases in which the home conditions have been unfavourable. |
a8fa38d0-b4a0-47f0-a637-1f6023776a45 | So that, although we are unable to prevent or even control epidemics of measles, we are able to mitigate to a considerable extent its ravages. There is one disease to which toddlers are especially susceptible, and which can be brought under control, and that is diphtheria. The need for more extensive immunisation of pre-school children cannot be too strenuously stressed. Although it would be an exaggeration to state that diphtheria does not occur in immunised children, if it does occur, it is of so mild a character that even 35 anti-toxin serum is unnecessary. We have been immunising children for nearly 4 years, and have inoculated over .5,000 children, and there has not been a single death in those who have received three inoculations. It is recognised that if we are to succeed in our effort to stamp out diphtheria a large proportion of pre-school children must be immunised. |
8451a7fe-9b77-4ca1-a3a4-1cf325a3e7c9 | Statistics from different towns show that until a certain percentage of school children are rendered immune, a marked fall in the incidence and morbidity of diphtheria will not occur. So long as we concentrate on the school child, our success will only be partial. We have a diphtheria immunisation clinic for pre-school children on Saturday mornings, and judged by results, it has been successful, but it is only by persistent effort and propaganda that we are able to get the consent and co-operation of the parents. So long as diphtheria was prevalenf in the district, fear was sufficient to drive the parents to seek the protection which artificial immunisation provides. Immunisation having succeeded to such an extent that notifications now are very few, the parents again are apt to sink into apathy and indifference. Dental supervision is another subject which has here received special attention. In the school holidays, we have for many years, arranged for a special dental clinic for the examination of the toddlers' teeth. |
25180478-f54a-4a58-acf4-5952d31f2a95 | The school dental surgeon attends, and gives an address to the mothers in addition to carrying out the routine inspections of the toddlers' teeth. The Chairman and members of the Child Welfare Committee have arranged a tea for the mothers. In spite of all the advantages, the attendance during the past year or two at these special toddlers' clinics has not been as satisfactory as we could wish. Parents are still too apt to regard the care of the milk teeth as an unimportant item in the toddlers' hygiene; there is an apparent need for the strenuous education of the parent in the importance of dental hygiene to the ultimate healthy development of the child. Apart from the special facilities provided and which we are anxious that the parent should take advantage of, the general nurture of the child between the ages of 1 and 5 years is of extreme importance. |
5d2d81b6-9000-4325-8d97-874acadedcb6 | The importance of nutrition and of the best diet has been over and again emphasised, and it is not unusual to find that mothers pay particular attention to the feeding of the babyunder 1 year old, but are indifferent in the second and third years of the child's life, and frequently allow him to take pothick at the family meal table. To what extent does supervision at the present time exist, and can it be extended ? Last year 6,275 home visits were paid to children between the ages of 1 and 5 years, compared with 6,375 30 to babies under ] year old, and 7,818 visits were paid to the clinic by children between 1 and 5 years, compared with 10,295 visits of infants under 1 year old. In addition we have in the district, 4 nursery classes, which are attended of course by toddlers between the ages of 3 and 5 years old, and where supervision is exercised. |
6fe2d16b-33a7-426e-8b65-519cdf296c43 | It cannot therefore be stated that the toddlers are being neglected in this district. The taunt has frequently been levelled that the toddlers are not catered for because they come in the period between the infants' clinic and welfare, and the school medical service. At the same time, it is admitted that more could be done for the child in this important epoch of his career, and the difficulty has been discussed from different angles. Too many physical defects are found in the entrants when they are medically examined at school for us to remain complacent. But the difficulty arises when we try to devise the means by which these facilities can and will be utilised. It has been suggested that a specail Toddlers' clinic will be the best solution. Will the mothers bring the toddlers to a special clinic ? At the present time if there is a baby as well as a toddler in the family, the mother very frequently brings both, and we have to consider if the mother would bring the toddler and make a special journey. |
5204da8b-705d-42d5-bc20-d62beaf41fe7 | On the other hand, some mothers are unwilling to bring the toddlers on account of the overcrowding which occasionally occurs, and they feel that the clinic is primarily for the infants. This of course, is a mistaken notion. Another objection is our want of staff and accommodation. At the school clinic, infant clinics are held on four afternoons a Week, and on the remaining afternoon—Friday—a dental anaesthetic session is held. As the accommodation is crowded and segregation is difficult, Friday afternoon would not be an ideal time for such an experimental work as a toddlers' clinic. We might try one as an experiment in one of the other clinics, if the rooms are available. If the clinic is to be held, it must be conducted practically on the same lines as the entrance examination to the infants' department. Deaths of Infants and Children under 5 years of age. Year Deaths. Births. Under 1. 1—2 2—5 1935 51 2 10 |
03ce2dc9-0ef1-4478-9bc5-81e495ed6fc5 | 1934 39 14 12 943 1933 41 7 20 886 1932 60 15 24 970 37 1931 62 11 9 1018 1930 56 15 23 1105 1929 85 12 14 1026 1928 55 11 15 1003 1927 62 10 12 1026 1926 60 18 7 1098 1923 80 11 13 1047 1924 65 30 18 1158 1923 77 10 10 1171 1922 75 15 12 1203 1921 92 15 17 1314 1920 100 11 21 1541 1919 72 15 13 1096 1918 76 29 42 954 1917 94 38 48 |
366e3e71-cee3-44ab-9c97-8eedad383f2f | 972 1916 102 32 24 1288 1915 148 53 36 1390 1914 138 30 25 1474 1913 127 56 33 1486 1912 107 38 41 1477 1911 205 67 49 1458 1910 151 55 1475 1909 158 102 1480 1908 188 106 1568 1907 200 94 1535 1906 201 91 1533 1905 172 73 1527 1904 207 90 1450 1903 150 43 1422 1902 187 94 1242 1901 206 44 1211 1900 - - 1080 Maternal Mortality. |
874b11e9-3dec-45f0-9b6f-31fc38afd37a | 4 deaths occurred in child-birth—2 from puerperal sepsis and 2 from other accidents or diseases of parturition. One of the deaths from puerperal sepsis occurred under condtions which, as far as could be ascertained, were almost perfect. the confinement occurred in a nursing home and the patient was under a doctor throughout the latter part of her pregnancy. One of the deaths was due to ruptured ectopic gestation. The fourth death occurred from haemorrhage and shock following removal of placenta. 38 3 cases of puerperal pyrexia were notified and all of them were removed to hospital; 2 of them recovered and the third died. In the case of one of the deaths from puerperal sepsis, notification of puerperal pyrexia was not received by us. |
981acc2b-9507-4744-b99a-46b92ad47032 | The confinement took place in a nursing home outside the district, and the patient was removed to a hospital; the notification of puerperal pyrexia was sent to one district, the death registered in another. No case of puerperal pyrexia was treated in Queen Charlotte's hospital during the year. We have an arrangement with the authorities of that hospital for the admission and treatment of such cases, but arrangements for the removal of the three cases notified last year to other hospitals had been made by the doctors in attendance before we received the notification. Maternity Home. In previous reports an account has been given of the agreement with the Middlesex County Council for the admission of cases into the Central Middlesex County Hospital, and 270 cases were admitted last year under that agreement. Day Nursery. The Nursery is situated in Bollo Bridge Road, and is open on five days a week. The Nursery was open on 233 occasions, and 5,577 wholeday attendances were made. |
a607847e-b4ba-4a81-a7df-e48f0e80de82 | Child Welfare Centres. There has been no change in the arrangements for the Child Welfare Centres since last year. Seven sessions are held weekly— 4 in Avenue Road, 1 each in Steele Road Mission, John Perryn School and St. Gabriel's Hall. Nurse Children. At the end of the year 1934, there were 49 children and at the end of the year 1935, there were 39 children on the register. 39 FOSTER CHILDREN. No. as at list. Dec. 1934. Notice of Reception of Children during 1935. NOTICE OF REMOVAL TO: Children Adopted Died. Children reached age of 0 No. as at 31st. Doc. 1935. Parents. Another area with Foster Parent. Another Foster Mother Public Institutution or Home. Other causes. |
bb34960e-74df-4cd9-81cf-0ff2817ed841 | 49 19 11 1 6 8 - 1 - 2 39 FOSTER MOTHERS. No. as at 3lBt Dec., 1934 Application for Registration during 1934. Removed to another Area with child. No longer a Foster Mother. No. as at 31st. Doc., 1935 44 12 1 10 36 40 TABLE 1 ' BIRTH-RATE, DEATH RATE AND ANALYSIS OF MORTALITY DURING THE YEAR 1935. The Mortality rates for England and Wales refer to the whole population. but for London and the towns to civilians only. Rate per 1,000 Total Population. ANNUAL DEATH-RATE PER 1,000 Population. rate per 1,000 Live Births Live Births. Stillbirths. All Causes. Enteric Fever. Small-pox. Measles. |
fb448411-bebe-4e90-af79-ec31b280bbba | Scarlet Fever. Whooping Cough. Diphtheria. Influenza. Violence. Diarrhoea and Enteritis (under two years). Total Deaths under one year. England and Wales 14.7 0.02 11.7 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.01 0.04 0.08 0.18 0.52 6.7 57 121 County Boroughs and Great Towns, including London 14.8 0.08 11.8 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.01 0.04 0.09 0.10 0.45 7.9 62 140 Smaller Towns Estimated Populations, 25,000. |
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