ids stringlengths 36 36 | texts stringlengths 1 1.43k |
|---|---|
fa0f8da3-070e-4502-b14d-77bca1b56ae8 | The sanitary inspectors continue the policy, wherever possible, of raising the standard of fitness, and in this connection, blocks of houses in Trafalgar Street and Grove Place, were provided with water supply and sinks inside the premises. UNSOUND FOOD. The following is a list of unsound food destroyed during the year:— Commodity Quantity. Condition Action taken Pigs Kidneys 12 pounds Decomposed Surrendered Fish—Skate 6 stones ,, ,,, Plaice 6 ,, ,, 33 The house-to-house inspection of the district is being continued, but much of the sanitary inspectors' time is occupied in maintaining satisfactory conditions in the older properties in which repairs are never carried out except as the result of notices. Proceedings were instituted in connection with three houses situated in Kennedy Road. OVERCROWDING. This continues to be a matter of grave anxiety. Thirty houses were erected by the Local Authority during the year, and these are to be followed by 200 more. |
1b51de17-e6e7-4671-ba1f-9209fe27a013 | I am hopeful that such accommodation will relieve our worst cases of overcrowding, which is the cause of considerable discontent and subsequent ill-health. SCHOOLS. All the schools in the district are regularly inspected, when any defect in the sanitary arrangements or water supply are dealt with. With one exception, the whole of the schools are connected with the sewer. Castle School, Rippleside, is cesspool drained. Six of the eight elementary schools have spring-bib fountains with metal cups attached, fixed in the playgrounds, for drinking purposes. The remaining two schools are without fountains of any sort, the children having recourse to taps above the wash-basins. o A distinct improvement from the hygienic standpoint would be the abolition of existing arrangements and the provision of spring Dib fountain jets in every school. 34 FACTORY AND WORKSHOP ACT, 1901. Factories, Workshops, Laundries, Workplaces and Homework. 1. |
c2af03c4-ae48-4e2b-9367-485860c01d15 | Inspections (including inspections made by Sanitary Inspectors.) Premises. Number of Inspections. Written Notices. Prosecutions. Intimations. Statutory. Factories 155 10 - - Workshops 194 9 1 - Workplaces 274 3 — - Total 623 22 1 - * Including those specified in Sections 2, 3, 7 and 8, of the Factory and Workshop Act as remediable under the Public Health Acts. £5 2. DEFECTS FOUND. Particulars. Number of Defects. Number of Prosecutions. Found Remedied Referred to H.M. Ins. |
b3a67515-b500-4975-9679-6349e626abcb | Nuisances under the Public Health Acts:— Want of cleanliness 14 14 — — Want of ventilation — — — — Overcrowding 1 1 — — Want of drainage of floors - — — — Other nuisances 16 16 — — Sanitary accommodation :— Insufficient 3 3 — — Unsuitable or Defective 18 18 — — Not separate for sexes - - — - Unscreened for Sexes 1 1 — — Offences under the Factory and Workshop Acts:— Illegal occupation of underground bakehouse (S.101) - — Breach of special sanitary requirements for bakehouses (SS. 07 to 100 3 3 - Other offences (excluding offences relating to outwork which are included in Part 3 of this Report) Total 56 56 — 36 HOME WORK. Nature of Work. Outworkers' Lists (Section 107). Outwork in Unwholesome Premises (Section 108). |
a4e62d98-4a98-4f0a-90f9-34c26ba7aaee | Outwork in Infected Premises' (Sees. 109, 110). List received from Employers. Notices served on occupiers as to keeping or sending lists. Prosecutions. Instances. Notices served. Prosecutions. Instances. Orders made (Sec. 110). Prosecutions (Sees. 109, 110). Sending twice in the year. Sending once in the year. Failing to keep or permit inspection of lists. Failing to send lists. Lists. Outworkers. Lists. Outworkers. Contrac tors. Workmen. Contrac tors. Workmen. Wearing Apparel:— Making, etc. 2 6 27 — — — 4 — — — — — — — — Total 2 6 27 — — — 4 — — — — — — — 37 REGISTERED WORKSHOPS. Workshops on the Register (Sec. |
d2b07c98-050d-4cc2-baae-cd0cbee3da0f | 131) at the end of the year. (1) Number. (2) Bakehouses (including seven factory bakehouses) 14 Other Workshops 47 Total number of Workshops on Register 61 OTHER MATTERS. Class. (1) Number. (2) Matters notified to H.M. Inspector of Factories :— Failure to affix Abstract of the Factory and Workshop Act (Sec. 133) 2 Action taken in matters referred by H.M. Inspector as remediable under the Public Health Acts, but not under the Factory and Workshop Acts (Sec. 5) 2 Other — Underground Bakehouses (Sec. 101) :— Certificates granted during the year — In use at the end of the year OUT-WORKERS. |
832d8d89-c0e3-41cb-82db-2a12220b0229 | The following list shows the nature of the homework carried out in this district by 26 out-workers :— Wearing apparel 11 Ties " 4 Umbrella makers 2 Life belt covering 8 Tennis ball sewers 1 During the year 19 lists of out-workers were received from other Authorities in respect of addresses in Barking. 4 lists were received from employers within the district. In all instances the premises of oat-workers were kept in a satisfactory state. 38 SECTION 3. NOTIFIABLE INFECTIOUS DISEASES. The following table shows the number of notifications of infectious disease received during 1926 :— TABLE I. Males. Females. Total Total cases rem'd to Hos. |
6a34454e-f867-4c1c-8567-e40083b6b6b6 | Deaths Scarlet Fever 83 101 184 158* — Diphtheria 34 43 77 77** 2 Puerperal Septicaemia — 8 8 3+ 2 Pneumonia (Acute primary and influenzal & following Measles) 61 50 111 6 31 (All Forms) Erysipelas 14 16 30 4 1 Ophthalmia Neonatorum 12 12 24 1+ — Puerperal Pyrexia — 7 7 — — Enteric 11 4 15 13 2 Encephalitis Lethargica 1 1 2 1 2 Anterio Poliomyelitis 2 1 3 — — Totals 218 243 461 263 40 * Includes io cases removed to Ilford Isolation Hospital. ** Includes 3 cases removed to M.A.B. |
b515c0f1-80fb-437b-98c2-9d84205ca9e0 | Hospitals and 2 cases to Shad well Children's Hospital. + Includes case of woman confined in Maternity Ward of Hospital. + Includes case transferred from Maternity Ward. 39 The following diseases were notifiable in 1927 under the original Infectious Disease (Notification) Act, 1889, and 1899 :— Smallpox, diphtheria, relapsing fever, xholera, erysipelas, typhus, plague, puerperal fever, enteric fever, scarlet fever and continued fever. and by Orders or Regulations framed under Section 180, Public Health Act, 1875 :— Tubeiculosis (all forms), ophthalmia neonatorum, cerebro-spinal fever, acute poliomyelitis, encephalitis lethargica, influenzal pneumonia, acute primary pneumonia, malaria, dysentery, trench fever, and puerperal pyrexia. |
09dda0a3-9f9a-40bf-8028-63bf7bcc62bd | The Barking Town (Pneumonia) Regulations, 1924, provides for the notification of Pneumonia supervening upon Measles. The total notifications of infectious disease numbered 461, exclusive of tuberculosis compared with 32S the previous year. During 1927 the number of notifications of tuberculosis (alL forms) was 108 compared with 133 in 1926. 40 TABLE II. Notifiable Disease. No. of cases notified at age groups. Cases classified according to Wards. Under one year. 1 to 2 years. 2 to 3 years. 3 to 4 years. 4 to 5 years. 5 to 10 years. 10 to 15 years. 15 to 20 years. 20 to 35 years. 35 to 45 years. 45 to 65 years. Over 65 years. Abbey. Gascoigne. Central. Ripple. |
8b6a1a0f-2b3e-4ac8-8fc2-1f3fa5dc4090 | Longbridge, Westbury. Scarlet Fever 1 2 6 9 19 97 31 12 4 3 28 30 31 22 36 37 Diphtheria – 5 5 8 11 32 6 3 6 1 12 9 11 18 15 12 Puerperal Septicemia Pneumonia (primary, influenzal and ing Measles) – – – – – – – – 3 2 – – 2 2 1 1 2 Erysipelas 8 8 8 5 1 16 5 6 17 12 16 9 30 19 15 12 16 19 Ophthalmia 1 l 2 1 – 1 2 16 6 4 3 5 6 8 4 Neonatorum 24 – – – – – – – – 6 6 |
26300019-17bf-4036-9c16-263b1a2d65a2 | 1 3 6 2 Puerperal Pyrexia – – – – – – – – 5 2 3 0 1 — — 1 Enteric Fever – – 1 1 1 4 __ 3 1 2 2 – 1 2 — 2 8 2 Cerebro Spinal Fever – – – – – – – – – — — — — — Anterio Poliomyelitis — — 2 — – 1 — — — — — – — 1 1 1 — — Totals 34 16 22 23 32 152 43 24 40 24 34 15 86 74 65 65 90 79 41 TABLE 111 Monthly summary of notifications of infectious disease :— Month. Scarlet Fever. Diphtheria. Puerperal Fever. Pneumonia. Erysipelas. |
ae21657b-1a94-4b04-9caf-296f0c06a787 | Ophthalmia Neonatorum. Enteric Fever. Anterio Poliomyelitis Puerperal Pyrexia Encephalitis Lethargica. Totals. January 10 2 1 31 2 — — — 1 — 53 February 22 6 2 11 3 2 — — — — 40 March 17 0 — 14 1 3 6 1 2 — 50 April 10 0 1 9 1 3 2 — 1 1 43 May 15 4 — 9 2 2 — — — 32 June 13 8 — 4 4 3 1 — — — 33 July 5 5 — 2 3 1 1 — — — 17 August 19 0 1 2 3 2 2 — — — 35 September 9 1 1 6 2 4 1 |
b5c4c628-7d5f-4a96-b164-ca3bf65e9145 | 2 2 — 28 October 10 11 1 7 3 1 — — — 39 November 10 6 1 6 2 — 1 — — 1 27 December 23 16 — 10 4 3 1 — 1 — 58 Totals 184 77 8 111 30 24 15 3 7 2 461 42 (a) Scarlet Fever.—The number of cases notified was 184, compared with 135 the previous year. No fatal cases occurred. 148 cases were isolated at the local Infectious Hospital, and 10 at the Ilford Isolation Hospital. The average stay of scarlet fever cases in the Municipal Hospital was 36.5 days, compared with 34.4 days in 1926. The longest period of detention was. 106 days and the shortest 22 days. |
18674874-6fa8-46a6-82f1-a1dd93b78705 | One patient was discharged after a stay of 14 days, but the diagnosis of Scarlet Fever in this case was doubtful. Of cases treated in hospital, the age incidence was as follows:— Under one year 1 5—10 years 85 1—2 years 2 10—15 years 28 2—3 years 5 15—20 years 10 3—4 years 7 4— 5 years 15 20—35 years 3 35—45 years 2 Sex.—83 cases were male and 101 female. (b) Small Pox.—No case of Small Pox occurred in 1927. (c) Diphtheria.—77 cases were notified, compared with 55 the preceding year. Of cases notified, 72 were removed and treated in the local isolation hospital. Two deaths from diphtheria occurred, one in hospital and the other in an outside institution. |
1212ee4a-d8d6-43f8-bf1b-45c33a46b1b2 | The average stay of clinical diphtheria in hospital was 39.8 days, the longest stay being 123 and the shortest 16 days. Six cases of laryngeal diphtheria were admitted to the local hospital, in two instances tracheotomy being necessary. One patient died five days after admission, while the others made a satisfactory recovery. Of diphtheria patients treated in hospital the age incidence was as follows:— 1—2 years 5 10—15 years 6 2—3 years 5 15—20 years 3 3—4 years 8 20—35 years 6 4—5 years 11 35—45 years 1 5—10 years 32 Sex.—34 cases were male and 43 female. 43 (d) Enteric Fever.—Fifteen cases of enteric fever were notified during the year, 13 of which were removed to hospital. |
217261be-99b3-476c-ba2d-1d9b45fd69d7 | The diagnosis of enteric fever was, however, confirmed in 9 instances only, two patients dying after stays of 7 and 10 days respectively. Four cases removed to hospital proved to be mistaken diagnosis as follows :— Pneumonia 1 Stomatitis & Enteritis 1 Rheumatic Fever 1 Tubercular Meningitis 1 (Died) (e) Puerperal Fever.-—Eight cases were notified during the year, three of which were admitted to hospital, one being transferred from the Maternity Ward. All of the cases recovered. (f) Puerperal Pyrexia.—Seven cases were notified during the year. All of the cases recovered. (g) Erysipelas.—30 cases were notified during the year compared with 37 during 1920. Four patients were removed to hospital, one patient dying five days after admission. (h) Malaria and Trench Fever.—Xo cases were notified during the year. |
c67563f6-bebe-443f-b694-18d22948c917 | (i) Acute Primary and Acute Influenzal Pneumonia.—111 cases were notified during 1927, compared with 62 for the preceding year. Six patients were admitted to hospital, two of whom died nine and twenty-three days respectively after admission. (j) Pneumonia Supervening upon Measles.—No cases were notified under the Barking Town (Pneumonia) Regulation, 1924. (k) Encephalitis Lethargica.—Two cases of encephalitis lethargica occurred in 1927. One patient was removed to the local Municipal Hospital and died after a stay of six days. The other patient died in the Authority's ambulance en route to London Hospital. (II) NON-NOTIFIABLE INFECTIOUS DISEASES. The most important of these are measles, whooping cough and summer diarrhoea. |
4679166f-dd97-4b3d-adad-19f212f6a6d5 | There were no serious epidemics of these diseases, and the deaths registered were as follows :— Measles — Whooping Cough 7 Summer Diarrhoea 7 44 Measles and Whooping Cough.—Cases amongst school children are reported to the School Medical Officer by school teachers, attendance officers and nurses, appropriate action being taken as regards exclusion and supervision of contacts. ISOLATION HOSPITAL. The following is the table of admissions, etc., in respect of infectious diseases during 1927 :— Disease. In Hospital January, 1st, 1927. Admitted during the year. Died. Dis charged In Hospital Dec. 31st. 1927. |
20bdd8aa-e47b-4d5c-9990-1d0f215e9853 | Scarlet Fever 10 148 — 136 20 Diphtheria 5 72 2* 58 18 Pneumonia I 6 4 2 1 Puerperal Fever — 1 — 1 — Whooping Cough — 2 — 2 — Chicken Pox — — — — — Mumps — — — — — Epidemic Diarrhoea — — — — — Enteric Fever — 13 3 8 2 Ophthalmia Neonatorum — 1 1 — Erysipelas — 4 1 — — Encephalitis Lethargica — 1 1 — Tuberculosis — 1 — — — * i death certified due to Ulcerated Tonsillitis. +I case transferred from Maternity Ward. +I death certified due to Tubercular Meningitis. TUBERCULOSIS. |
24e970ca-04e0-4f33-89b4-47d3b489c28a | Administrative Arrangements.—Under the Essex County Council (the responsible authority for the treatment of tuberculosis), the Medical Officer of Health of Barking continued as Tuberculosis Officer for the district during the year. The administrative arrangements for dealing with tuberculosis in the area include :— (a) A dispensary used on two half-days per week, (b) Garden shelters for suitable cases, (c) Sanatorium accommodation for surgical tuberculosis, (d) Sanatorium accommodation for suitable early pulmonary cases, and in some instances the more advanced, (e) Accommodation for a number of bedridden and advanced cases at St. Joseph's Hospice, Hackney, and Liverpool Road Hospital, Islington. 45 The number of notified cases on the register on December 31st„ 1927, was 946, compared with 896 for the corresponding period of the preceding year. |
cf438bd5-2623-4aeb-a216-f2ef1a687ca2 | During the year, 108 notifications were received of all forms of tuberculosis—pulmonary 87, and non-pulmonary 21— representing a notification rate of 2.7 compared with 3.41 foi 1926. Information was received of the removal into the district of six tuberculous persons. Thirty-seven deaths of notified cases occurred. 12 cases left the district or could not otherwise be traced, 15 cases were discharged "cured," leaving 946 on the register on December 31st, 1927, 471 being male and 475 female. Particulars of new cases of tuberculosis notified and of deaths from the disease during 1927 is afforded by the following table :— New Cases. Deaths. Pulmonary. NonPulmonary. Pulmonary. NonPulmonary. Male. Female. Male. Female. Male. Female. Male. Female. |
977432f8-8ae2-47d9-8ca2-dd2c42a22bf2 | Under 1 year _ — — 2 — — — 1 1 to 5 years 1 3 3 I — — 1 2 5 to 10 years 6 7 4 1 — 1 1 — 10 to 15 years 1 1 — 2 — 1 1 — 15 to 20 years 3 2 1 — — 1 — — 20 to 25 years 6 3 — — 2 3 — — 25 to 35 years 11 10 1 — 5 2 2 — 35 to 45 years 8 6 1 — 3 3 — — 45 to 55 years 7 i 2 1 5 2 — 1 55 to 65 years 5 2 — — 3 4 — — 65 yrs. |
2202b987-42b5-487e-bac3-7a55f9be3e0a | & upwards 1 — — — — — — — Totals 49 38 12 9 20 17 5 4 PUBLIC HEALTH (PREVENTION OF TUBERCULOSIS) REGULATIONS, 1925. These regulations, which came into force on July 31st, 1925, give power to a local authority to prevent any person suffering from tuberculosis of the respiratory tract entering upon any employment or occupation in connection with a dairy which would involve the milking of cows, the treatment of milk, or the handling of vessels used for containing milk. Any person who deems himself aggrieved by a requirement under these regulations 46 may appeal to a Court of Summary Jurisdiction, and may, under certain circumstances, be compensated for ail}' damage sustained. In no instance was it found necessary to take action under these regulations. PUBLIC HEALTH ACT. 1925, SECTION 62. |
3da712ff-7608-4333-ab8e-b41cc1fa4423 | In no instance was it found necessary to take action under this section to secure the compulsory removal to hospital of a tuberculous person in an infective state. |
20455b8d-79eb-48af-8fd6-b76b8cd359c3 | As regards the occupations of notified and inward transfer cases during the year, the following table is of interest:— Boot Salesman 1 Fur Cutter 1 Bookbinder 1 Seaman 1 Motorman 1 Asbestos Factory Worker 1 Butcher's Assistant 1 Gas Worker 1 Housewives 26 Clerks 6 Machinist 1 Electricians 3 Glass Blower 1 Advertising Agent 1 Greengrocer 1 Police Constable 1 Factory Workers 3 Dressmaker 1 Printer 1 Cable Jointer 1 Storekeeper 1 Insurance Agent 1 Labourers 9 School 25 Tramway Cleaner 1 No occupation 13 Coal Trimmer 1 Not elicited 9 The following figures indicate for the four quarters of the year the percentage attendances of cases per 10,000 population at the Tuberculosis Dispensary and of those admitted to sanatoria under the County Council:— Attendances at Dispensary. Admission to Sanatoria. No. |
aeeb4056-cae1-4bcb-95fe-7974d091a657 | Rate per 10,000 population. No. Rate per 10,000 population. 1st Quarter 322 80.7 9 2.2 2nd Quarter 339 84.9 14 3.5 3rd Quarter 232 58.1 16 4.01 4th Quarter 283 70.9 14 3.5 47 The average for the year was 73.6 and 3.3 compared with S6.1 and 4.5 for the preceding year, and 92.6 and 4.3 respectively for 1925. The proportion of sanatoria admissions to cases notified was 46.4 per cent., and the incidence of tuberculosis per 10,000 population in respect of notified cases 28.5. The following are particulars of cases notified under Forms C and D during the year:— Form C. Form D. Pulmonary. Non-Pulmonary Pulmonary. |
d11e9260-debe-47bc-a339-86ee746db5ab | Non-Pulmonary. Male. Female. Male. Female. Male. Female. Male. Female. 36 19 9 8 33 18 7 7 Forty-six deaths occurred from tuberculosis (all forms), 37 of these being pulmonary cases. The number of deaths in institutions was 21. The death rate for tuberculosis (all forms) during 1927 was 1.1, compared with 0.8 for the previous year. During 1927 nine deaths from tuberculosis were registered of persons not previously notified as suffering from the disease. The importance of notification is that the necessary steps can be taken with regard to the care of patients and contacts and the prevention of spread of the disease. Delay in notification is bad for both patients and public. |
7916d9c4-c0fa-4078-9b6d-13d64bfb44f5 | Of deaths registered due to tuberculosis, notifications received by the Medical Officer of Health were as follows:— Number not notified at time of death 9 Number notified less than 3 months before death 16 Number notified 3 to 6 months-before death 2 Number notified 6 to 9 months before death 3 Number notified 9 to 12 months before death 4 Number notified 12 to 18 months before death 5 Number notified 18 to 24 months before death 2 Number notified more than 24 months before death 5 48 591 patients made 1,176 attendances at the dispensary during the year for the purpose of medical examination, 138 being new cases. Of new cases attending during the year, 55 were notified as suffering from tuberculosis. The following table gives in tabular form the number of patients removed from the Dispensary Register during the year:— No. on Dispensary Register during 1927. Numbers removed from the Dispensary Register. |
7ff0ef3a-bcc6-4e9c-aac9-2df04acb3e75 | Number on Dispensary Register 31-12-27. Died. Left District. Discharged (Non Tb.) Discharged Cured" Transferred to another Dispensarv. etc. Total 591 20 20 51 4 2 97 494 At the end of the year, 419 cases on the Dispensary Register were definitely diagnosed as suffering from tuberculosis, whilst in 75 cases the diagnosis still remained in abeyance. AFTER-CARE. Tuberculosis in the great majority of instances is a curable infection provided the patient is seen sufficiently early, undergoes sanatorium treatment and subsequently is able to pass his life under reasonably hygienic conditions. It is with regard to the latter that the activities of the After-care Association in this district particularly exist consisting inter alia in providing special splints, clothing, boots, nourishment, etc., for necessitous cases and in obtaining if possible suitable homes and employment for the tuberculous. |
5a1a1ca2-cb4b-4d59-b1a2-d555bece9914 | During the year 17 new cases were so assisted, whilst 25 old cases were further assisted from the previous year. The funds of the Association are mainly dependent upon:— (a) Essex Insurance Committee. (b) Romford Board of Guardians. (c) Annual donations from certain Friendly Societies and Trade Unions. 49 (d) Donations from various local Sports Clubs. (e) Donations from private individuals and from proceeds raised at Whist Drives and Dances organised by the Social Sub-Committee. Equally important in the matter of after-care is that of dealing with the large number of advanced cases who are, in the majority of instances, in a highly infectious condition and not infrequently living under overcrowded home conditions. |
45307bf9-b3d5-4711-ad05-6b37429fa2d0 | For these practically no remedy hitherto existed, except the workhouse, but by virtue of Section 62 of the Public Health Act, 1925, local health authorities have become vested with powers where, in the opinion of the Medical Officer of Health the conditions of a tuberculous patient at home are inimical to the best interests of his or her dependents to secure such patient's removal compulsorily or otherwise to a suitable institution and to there detain him or her until circumstances have changed. It only remains to point out that where such steps become necessary, local institutional arrangements should be available. Compulsory disinfection of all houses after death from tuberculosis is now practised throughout the district under Section 5 of the Infectious Disease (Prevention) Act, 1890. DISINFECTION. This subject was discussed at considerable length in the report for 1924. 50 SECTION 4. MATERNITY AND CHILD WELFARE. |
e139cc6a-ca40-41d4-99ba-95ba4bca244e | The Council's Scheme under the Maternity and Child Welfare Act, 1918, has been extended during the year. The use of the Artificial Sunlight Clinic, working in co-operation with the Infant Welfare Clinics, is already being attended with good results. During the latter part of last year an attempt was made to reorganise this section of the department by putting into operation a number of reforms long overdue, although certain existing difficulties had continued to prevent their adoption. An improvement in the position generally was obvious by the end of the year. REGISTRATION AND NOTIFICATION OF BIRTHS. By the Registration Act, 1836, all live births must be registered within a period of six weeks. The actual number of live births within the district during the year was 712, the net total of 710 being obtained by adjustment of inward and outward transfers, etc. The births registered included 345 males and 365 females. There were 21 illegitimate births, or 2.9 per cent. |
b01456c5-9d89-4874-a60a-1f6862684e81 | of the total. In comparison with 1926, 108 fewer births were registered during the year, a fall equivalent to 13.2 per cent. By the Notification of Births Act, all live births and still-births of seven months and over are required to be notified to the Medical Officer of Health within 36 hours. Of the toal live births all except 38 or 5.3 per cent. were notified. In addition 2 still births were not notified. 51 The following table gives details of the notifications received:— By whom notified. Live Births. Still Births Medical Practitioners 79 7 Certified Midwives 461 4 Parents and Others 134 7 The percentage of still-births was 2.7 Of the total live births during the year 343, or 48.1 per cent. were attended by midwives, the remainder being attended by medical practitioners. BIRTH RATE. |
546f40f7-4552-462d-b759-87e98d0d3edc | The birth rate for the year was 17.7, compared with. 16.7 for England and Wales. MATERNITY AND INFANT WELFARE. The Ante-Natal Clinic. The work of the Clinic was carried on as in previous years. The attendances during the year were well maintained. The number of primary attendances was 340, compared with 346 for 1926. Reattendances numbered 872 in 1927, and 659 during 1926. One hundred and three sessions were held during the year, making an average attendance of 11 mothers per session. Of the mothers attending, 152 were pregnant for the first time. Expectant mothers attending the Ante-natal Clinic are drawn from the following classes:— (a) Patients intending to enter the Upney Maternity Ward for confinement. (b) Those engaging with the midwives of the Plaistow Maternity Charity. (c) Patients engaging with private midwives. |
4b2b2b13-1812-40b3-9be5-b8bd2a832b8e | 52 From the figures given at the beginning of this section of the report it will be seen that 343 of the live births were attended by midwives, and of these 294 mothers availed themselves of the facilities provided by the Clinic, that is, four-fifths of the cases attended by midwives are under supervision duripg pregnancy. But in spite of this growing recognition on the part of some of the mothers of the value of ante-natal supervision, there still remains a great deal of prejudice which will only be broken down by unremitting efforts of the health visitors, together with the active co-operation of the midwives. |
4653380b-d1ef-4768-b88e-94fcebe4f88b | The following table gives particulars of cases referred from the Ante-natal Clinic for hospital or other treatment:— Diseases of Lungs 4 Tolaemias of Pregnancy 3 Heart Disease 2 Epilepsy 2 Small Pelvis 2 Grave's Disease 1 Syphilis 1 Threatened Abortion 1 Premature onset of Labour (Twins) 1 Abnormal Presentation 1 A new development towards the end of the year at the Antenatal Clinic was the attendance of one of the health visitors at one session weekly for the purpose of giving advice and instruction in ante-natal hygiene and other appropriate subjects. The number of mothers attending this class at any time is not large, so that it is possible for the health visitor in many cases to give individual instruction. These talksare of especialvalue to the younger mothers. Post Natal Cases. Twenty-six cases attended by midwives were referred by them or by the health visitors for examination at the Ante-natal Clinic owing to the presence of defects following childbirth. |
5cf2c053-bfc3-442d-a1e1-dfbae52b6406 | Seven of these cases were found to be in need of special medical treatment, for which they were referred to hospital or elsewhere, according to the defect found. 53 MATERNITY WARD. The admission to the Maternity Ward of the Municipal Hospital numbered 221, compared with 206 in 1926. Of these 45 cases were admitted for ante-natal treatment, and 176 for confinement. Corresponding figures for 1926 were 37 cases for ante-natal treatment, and 169 for confinement. The number of cases confined in the Ward represents 24.7 per cent. or approximately 1 in 4 of the total births of the district, a proportion which it is hoped will increase still further. (1) Number of cases admitted 221 (45 of which Ante-natal) (2) Average duration of stay Confinement cases 13.9days Ante-natal cases 11.2 days (3) Number of cases delivered by:— (a) Midwives |
b9c5c9b8-1ec1-4244-8307-60b69d1fae52 | 168 (b) Doctors 8 (4) Number of cases in which medical assistance was sought by the midwife with reason for requiring assistance:— (a) Ante-natal 1 1 High Presentation 1 Miscarriage 1 Transverse Extended Breed 2 Uterine Inertia l Collapse after 3rd Stage (b) During Labour 7 (c) After Labour 2 1 Collapse after 3rd Stage 1 Sub-involution (d) For Infant — (5) Number of cases notified as puerperal sepsis with result of treatment in each case None (6) Number of cases notified as puerperal pyrexia with result of treatment in each case None (7) Number of cases of pemphigus neonatorum None (8) Number of cases notified as ophthalmia neonatorum with result of treatment in each case 1 (Cured) (9) Number of cases of "inflammation of the eyes, |
6e0fc05c-66d8-4a0d-b8ce-0537557b813e | " however slight None 54 (10) Number of infants not entirely breast fed while in the Institution, with reasons why they were hot breast fed 4 (a) Weakness of mother 2 (b) Cleft Palate 1 (c) Feeble Twin (mother anaemic) 1 (11) Number of maternal deaths None (12) Number of foetal deaths (a) stillborn, and (b) within 10 days of birth and their causes—and the results of the post mortem examination if obtainable:— (a) Still-born 2 (b) Within 10 days of birth 5 PUERPERAL FEVER AND PUERPERAL PYREXIA. On October 1st, 1926, the Public Health (Notification of Puerperal Fever and Puerperal Pyrexia) Regulations, 1926, came into force. |
39a54a3b-42c5-4ea0-8c93-badada4ba1eb | These regulations require the notification of puerperal pyrexia (according to the definition given in the regulations), in addition to those cases previously notifiable as puerperal fever under the Infectious Diseases Notification Act, 1899. In a circular accompanying the Regulations, the Minister of Health urges local authorities to exercise the powers conferred on them under the Maternity and Child Welfare Act for provision of facilities for diagnosis, skilled nursing at home, or institutional treatment, if in the opinion of the medical practitioner in charge of the case any one of these is necessary. In accordance with this direction, arrangements have been made by the Council for nursing of the patient at home, or in the isolation hospital as desired. In addition, Dr. A. Kennedy has been engaged as consultant for those cases in which a second opinion is required by the medical attendant. |
5643d0a8-b6a6-4fb6-8444-7c964c8cc723 | Eight cases of puerperal fever were notified as compared with 3 in 1926, 3 of which were admitted to the Isolation Hospital, 2 of the cases were attended by midwives. Once case occurred in the Municipal Maternity Ward. The patient was isolated immediately on the onset of pyrexia, and no further cases occurred. 55 In addition to the cases of puerperal sepsis, 7 cases of puerperal pyrexia were notified, the confinements in 3 cases being attended by midwives. All the patients recovered. No definite cause of infection was found in any of the cases, although it was noted by the health visitors in the routine investigation, that in three out of four patients foci of infection were present before labour MATERNAL MORTALITY. |
fb6ee2bb-74e2-45c7-9c31-c2f54f64c3a7 | Three maternal deaths occurred during 1927, the deaths being certified as follows:— (a) Post mortem haemorrhage—transverse presentation 1 (b) Septicaemia due to miscarriage 1 (c) Septicaemia—incomplete abortion 1 NEO-NATAL MORTALITY. The number of deaths of infants under four weeks of age was 18, giving a rate of 25.3 per thousand, compared with 18.3 for the previous year in Barking. It is hoped that, with the extension of nate-natal care, this low rate will be maintained. Deaths Under Four Weeks. Under seven days. Under fourteen days. Under twentyone days. Under twenty light days. Total. |
10c3c4e1-f691-4196-a7b4-bd836d9729cd | Atelectasis 1 — — - 1 Premature Birth 11 — - - 11 Debility 3 1 - - 4 Marasmus — 1 — — 1 Pneumonia - - 1 - 1 56 STILL-BIRTHS. Of the total notifications received under the Notification of Births Act, 20 related to stillborn children, giving a percentage of 2.7 compared with 2.6 in 1926. In addition, 5 Barking women were delivered of stillborn infants in institutions outside the district, so that the total number for the year was 25. Two cases were of twin pregnancy—both infants being stillborn in one instance and one infant only in the other. |
ea1b5c5a-e997-4682-8981-43aaea758e30 | Investigation of the health visitors elicited the following information:— (1) Duration of pregnancy:— (a) Less than seven months 1 (b) More than seven months 21 (c) Not elicited 3 (2) Presentation:— (a) Vertex 11 (b) Breech 2 (c) Transverse 5 (d) Not elicited 7 (3) Supposed cause of stillbirth:— (a) Abnormal presentation 1 (b) Overwork — (c) Accident, etc. 4 (d) Not known 19 (e) Ill health — (f) Strain 1 4) Occupation of mother:— All the mothers were engaged in household duties at home. In addition, one woman did an occasional day's cleaning elsewhere, whilst one was engaged in dressmaking at home. 57 OPHTHALMIA NEONATORUM. |
8f9c5bea-c524-40e5-bb65-5bde5e55aae9 | There was again an increase in the number of cases of ophthalmia neonatorum, notifications being 24, compared with 16 in 1926. 18 of the cases occurred in the practice of midwives, the remainder being attended by medical practitioners. Age Group. Cases. Vision unimpaired. Vision impaired . Total Blindness. Deaths. Treated. Notified At Home. At Hosptl. Under 3 weeks 24 23 1 24 - _ _ The growing appreciation among midwives of the seriousness of the condition and of the value of early treatment makes for a greater readiness on their part to call in medical help to the slighter cases of discharge which previously may have escaped notification altogether. i OPHTHALMIA NEONATORUM REGULATIONS, 1926. These regulations came into force on October 1st, 1926. Under them it is no longer the duty of the midwife to notify cases. |
cdc0f65a-dd08-45ec-a94c-18158a7cfbb8 | In accordance with the rules of the C.M.B. the midwife is under obligation to call in medical aid for any inflammation of the eyes, however slight, and the onus is now with the medical man called in to notify if, in his ophinion, the case is one of opthalmia neonatorum. For the effective supervision and treatment of such cases, close co-operation between the Local Supervising Authority and the Local Sanitary Authority is essential, and suggestions are made in a circular accompanying the Regulations as to how this co-operation may best be secured. 58 INFANT AND CHILD WELFARE. Work of the Health Visitors and the Infant Clinics. An analysis of the attendance at the Infant Welfare Centres is given in the following table :— Infant Welfare Centres. Clinic Premises Alex. Centre Movers Lane Total No. of sessions 97 102 i 93 294 No. |
7e00a383-589b-4279-9f8c-89bd5b1abb15 | of attendances of children under one year :— (a) New cases 155 199 145 499 (b) Old cases 1361 1763 1523 4647 No. of attendances of children 1 to 5 years of age :— (a) New cases 37 125 39 201 (b) Old cases 827 1525 893 3245 Average number of attendances per session 24 35 27 29 No. of sessions attended by medical officers 95 102 90 287 No. of children seen by medical officers (a) Under one year 1027 1146 1115 3288 (b) Over one year 559 810 642 2011 Average number of children seen by medical officer per session 16 19 19 18 The total attendances during the year were 8,592 as compared with 10,125 in 1926. |
90ddff8a-ac77-411f-acc8-3ca5afbeb3c3 | There is no reason to anticipate that this reduction is other than a temporary one. Particulars of the home visits paid by the health visitors is given in the following table :— No. of ante-natal visits 130 No. of first visits to children under one year 691 No. of subsequent visits to children under one year :— (a) Attending a Centre 533 (b) Not Attending a Centre 2,710 No. of visits to children 1 to 5 years of age :— (a) Attending a Centre 342 (b) Not Attending a Centre 2,598 No. of special visits in connection with Ophthalmia Neonatorum 47 Ditto Deaths of children up to 3 years of age 59 Ditto Still-births 24 Ditto Puerperal sepsis and Pueperal Pyrexia 20 Ditto Foster Children 41 Other visits (not specified) 97 59 THE PRE-SCHOOL CHILD. |
2778d91e-5207-4ef3-85c3-a87d126f875a | Treatment may be obtained for children attending the infant welfare clinics as follows :— Minor Ailments.—Treatment is given at the School Clinic by arrangement with the Education Committee. Dental and orthopaedic treatment, and treatment of septic tonsils and adenoids are available as in the case of school children. Convalescent Treatment.—This is provided for under the Scheme, and is of value for children suffering from debility following acute illness. FOSTER CHILDREN. All cases of foster children resident in the district are notified by the Guardians to the Medical Officer of Health under the Children Act, Part 1. Forty-one notifications were received during the year, and special visits were made by the health visitors to these children, who are also kept under supervision by the Infant Life Protection Visitor. INFANTILE MORTALITY. |
fc6aed6f-b75d-4cd2-b4ca-3a1f2ccea719 | The total number of deaths of infants during the year was 47, giving an infant mortality rate of 66.1 per thousand registered births, compared with 59.9 per thousand for 1926. Diseases of the respiratory system, bronchitis and pneumonia were responsible for 10 of the infant deaths. 60 An analysis of the distribution of the deaths of infants under I year of age, according to wards, is of interest, and is given in the table following:— Ward. Notified Births. , Deaths. 1927 death rate per 1,000 notified births. Abbey 145 16 110.3 Gascoigne 120 4 33.3 Central 76 5 65.7 Longbridge 131 6 45.8 Westbury 113 12 106.1 Ripple 100 4 40.0 INFANT MORTALITY AND SEX. |
464b93c1-70fd-4749-a5e8-02cc431d54c6 | An excessive female death rate occurred during the year, the rate being 57.9 per thousand for male, and 73.9 for female children. ILLEGITIMACY. Twenty-one illegitimate children were born during the year, and in the same period 5 deaths of illegitimate infants occurred ; the infantile mortality rate among these children was therefore 238.0; while that for legitimate infants was 60.9. DENTAL CLINIC. A steady expansion in this branch of the work has been taking place, and during 1927 the attendances of expectant and nursing mothers and of children referred from the Maternity and Child Welfare Clinics were as follows :— (1) Number of children treated 101 (2) Number of mothers treated :— (a) New cases 118 (b) Old cases 412 (3) Number of dentures supplied 40 Sixty-four sessions were held. |
682c1b93-5a1a-4aae-83ef-d53f268110ee | 61 Here it must be observed that the aim of the Maternity and Child Welfare Service is the prevention of the onset of dental caries in the child, and, for this purpose, the improvement of the health of the mother and of her diet during pregnancy, the encouragement of breast feeding and the use of suitable dietaries for the young child, together with the practice of mouth hygiene, are all factors which must be dealt with by the Maternity and Child Welfare staff, in order to bring about an improvement in the structure of the teeth, and delay in the onset of caries. ORTHOPAEDIC CLINIC. Eighteen children under school age were referred from the Infant Welfare Clinics or by the local medical practitioners for examination by the Orthopaedic Surgeon during the course of the year, and, in addition, 29 cases attended for re-exainination. Three of the children received in-patient treatment at Orthopaedic Hospitals, and surgical instruments were provided in three cases. |
5c32d15d-5762-469a-b4b4-e4563e2a879c | The cases dealt with for the first time during 1927 were referred for the following conditions :— Deformities—Bones and Joints— (a) Congenital: (i) Digit 3 Foot R. and L 1 (ii) Webbed Digits 1 (b) Acquired: (i) Rickets 6 (ii) Genu Valgum 1 9 Muscular Deformities— (а) Congenital: (i) Talipes 3 (ii) Amyotonia 1 (б) Acquired: (i) Pes Planus Valgus .. .. .. .. 1 5 62 Paralysis— (a) Congenital: (i) Tetraplegia 1 (&7 Acquired; (ii) Anterior Poliomyelitis 2 3 Congenital Deformities— (i) Congenital weakness in neck muscles 1 1 Total 18 ARTIFICIAL SUNLIGHT CLINIC. |
2ae9ab57-dcf4-466d-810d-584de20b1164 | The treatment of infants and children under five years of age at the Artificial Sunlight Clinic was continued during 1927. Cases are referred by the medical officers in charge of the Infant Welfare Clinics, and the children attending are kept under constant medical supervision during their course of treatment. The majority of the children referred for treatment were suffering from early rickets and malnutrition. In addition, cases were referred for the following conditions—chilblains, prematurity, general debility, and anaemia. In all, 73 children received treatment during 1927. One session per week was devoted to these cases, and 594 treatments were given. MEALS TO EXPECTANT AND NURSING MOTHERS. Advantage has been taken during 1927 of this provision under the Act, 8 necessitous mothers having been provided with dinners as compared with 18 during the previous year. The total number of dinners supplied was 155. |
0120a59c-d6a0-4884-ba72-9008ff530973 | The nutrition of the mother during pregnancy and in the lying-in period has a very important bearing on the well being of the infant, and it is at these times that necessitous mothers are particularly encouraged to avail themselves of the Council's scheme. 63 PROVISION OF FRESH MILK. Particulars of the amounts of wet milk supplied free and at reduced rates to necessitous mothers and children are given in the following table :— No. of pints supplied at reduced price. No. of pints supplied free. . Total. Total cost of milk supplied. Council's liability in respect of fresh milk supplied. £ s. d. £ s d. 2,496 7,471 9,967 135 11 9 118 17 10 PROVISION OF DRIED MILK, Etc. Particulars of the amount of Dried Milk, etc., supplied free and at reduced rates, are as follows :— C ost Price, (lbs.) |
6752d4ac-6bad-4f71-995e-d773a8660aca | , Reduced Price, (lbs.) Free, (lbs.) Total, (lbs.) Glaxo (Full Cream) 250 / / 116 443 Glaxo (Humanised) 40 1 41 Ambrosia 56 2 27 85 462 965 4,718 Lacta 42 3 3 48 Ostelin * 122 — 4 126 Lactogol 207 — — 207 Virol 423 — r — 423 Parrish's 155 ! — 4 159 Parraftin 165 — 4 169 Malt and Oil 333 i — 21 354 Pure Oil 142 i — • 142 Vitoleum Cream 1,021 ! — 2 1,023 Marmite 23 — 23 Vitmar 61 i — 61 |
92d3b1e8-c684-4ad1-9f70-148e8eceb182 | BAR 69 Barking Town Urban District Council THE ANNUAL REPORT OF THE School Medical Officer For the Year 1927. C. LEONARD WILLIAMS, B. Sc., M.R.C.S. L.R.C.P., D.P.H. 2 SCHOOL MEDICAL STAFF, 1927. School Medical Officer : C. LEONARD WILLIAMS, B.Sc., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P,, D.P.H. Deputy School Medical Officer : MURIEL J. LOUGH, B.Sc., M.B., B.S., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., D.P.H. Orthopaedic Surgeon : r B. WHITCHURCH HOWELL, M.B., B.S., F.R.C.S. Radiologist : ANGUS E. KENNEDY, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., L.S.A. |
b970f74f-d9af-4bec-8a5d-19779a4f8a82 | Dental Surgeon : H. S. SMYTH, L.D.S., R.C.S. (Eng.). Masseuse : Miss A. E. FINDLAY, C.S.M.M.G. School Nurses : Miss L. F. SWAIN. Miss F. YOUNG (Dental Nurse). . Miss S. E. W. GIBSON. * Clerical Staff : E. W. WINCHESTER (Chief Clerk). Miss A. SHAW (Resigned 10-12-27). Miss V. SHEAD. Miss B. INGHAM (Resigned 23-7-27). Miss H. NUNN. * ⅓ of Salaries charged to School Medical Service. 3 Barking Town Urban District Council. PUBLIC HEALTH OFFICES, BARKING, ESSEX, April, 1928. To the Chairman and Members of the Local Education Authority. Mr. |
e3973a08-8e57-42fc-a6fd-9349375600ba | Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen, Late in September, 1927, I took up the office of Medical Officer, to which I had had the honour of having been appointed by you earlier in the year. It is possible, therefore, for me only to speak personally of your Service for the last quarter of the year under review, but I have . drawn up the Report for your convenience for the whole year. In drawing up the Report I have, in these circumstances, been constrained to follow very closely the lines of the last Annual Report. I wish to acknowledge the very considerable help I have received from this Report, and the further help I have received from my staff, without whom it would have been impossible for me to have presented the Annual Report I now beg to submit for your favourable consideration. Yours very faithfully, C. LEONARD WILLIAMS. 4 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SCHOOL MEDICAL OFFICER For the Year 1927. (I) STAFF. |
1dc1c7ef-60ec-48f0-a7d5-f0c1de10aac4 | The year 1927 has seen changes in the staff of the Public Health and School Medical Services. Dr. Kerr Simpson resigned in July-, 1927, and your present School Medical Officer took up his duties towards the end of September. Mr. W. Y. F. Dawe, Dental Surgeon, resigned on 30th September, 1927, and Mr. H. S. Smyth was appointed to fill the vacancy caused by this resignation, taking up his duties on the 17th October. Of the clerical staff, Miss A. Shaw resigned 011 the 10th December and Miss B. Ingham 011 the 23rd July. |
2bb92d0b-d76d-4e61-8eda-7bc3f811f16c | The vacancy caused by the resignation of Miss Ingham was filled by the appointment of Miss H. Nunn on the 2nd August, and the vacancy caused by the resignation of Miss Shaw was tilled by advancing Miss Shead to the vacancy, and the clerical staff brought up to its present strength by the appointment of Miss H. King early in 1928. The present amount of clerical work has been found a great strain on the staff, and takes more than the ordinary working hours of the present clerical staff. (2) CO-ORDINATION. |
0a5100ea-8620-4cde-a0bc-0026397a1bee | (a) Infant and Child Welfare.—The Council as the Local Sanitary Authority and the Council as the Local Education Authority have co-ordinated their public health services in so far * 5 as the medical officers and the dental surgeon to the one Authority carry out similar duties for the other Authority also, but it is passing strange that, 10 years after the creation of the Ministry of Health, there is still, both centrally and locally, a diversity of services operating in the field of Public Health. The circumstance that your medical officer is also District Tuberculosis Officer for the Essex County links up the whole of your work with the Tuberculosis Service for the area administered by the Local Authority. (b) Nursery Schools.—There are no nursery schools in Barking. |
1efd2023-3df1-43aa-aa5a-8ac641f00717 | I do not advocate the provision of such schools, and, although I am conversant with the evidence which has been adduced in favour of establishing these schools, and the high authority of those who have written in support of them, I still believe no reasonable case has been made out, unless we are prepared to say that our educational system has entirely failed, which I am not prepared to say. May I put it this way The family is still the unit in our national life, and we have only reasons for interfering with it in order to supply children with facilities they cannot obtain in their own homes. There are, it is agreed, many homes where the environment is prejudicial to the development of young children. In so far as this is due to material circumstances, such as bad housing, it is obvious that the right course to pursue is to improve housing rather than to provide nursery schools, and in so far as this is due to bad mothering, the obvious remedy is to educate our children in those principles which are the principles of wise motherhood. |
5f60d381-7c47-478c-bd08-22844d8b2690 | I do not mean that our educators should undertake lessons on sex hygiene etc., but that these girls should be so thoroughly grounded in the elements of hygiene, and their intellect and wit so sharpened, that when, in the fullness of time, they develop into the mothers of the nation, the health visitors will find them anxious and competent to profit by the instruction which is in their power to give. Either our educational system is more and more providing this type of mother, or it is not. So far as girls are concerned, this is the crucial test of its efficiency. I am persuaded it is efficient, and is becoming more efficient, that the day of maternal ignorance 6 and apathy is passing, and that it would be unwise for any authority to commit itself to heavy expenditure for a passing social disability. There is, of course, one other consideration, and that is the fact that nursery schools can be so run that they take the place of creches, and so release a large number of women for industrial life. |
9a0f87a2-0d34-4689-ad58-b729bdafb17c | This, however, is an industrial, and neither a Public Health nor an educational question. (c) Care of Debilitated Children under School Age. Orthopaedic treatment, dental treatment and the treatment of minor ailments is provided for the children under school age by the Public Health Committee, and the Education Committee provide such treatment for all children up to the age of school leaving. THE SCHOOL MEDICAL SERVICE IN RELATION TO PUBLIC ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS. (3) SCHOOL HYGIENE. A new infants' school (St. Joseph's), has been opened during the year, which has to some extent relieved the overcrowding at St. Ethelburga's. The fact that no facilities exist, except at the Special and Park Modern Schools, for the drying of children's clothes and boots was brought before your notice in the last Annual Report. This is an urgent matter, and should have your serious consideration forthwith. |
d78df1c0-3e94-4ade-9fb3-0c0f48d9eade | It is difficult to understand how schools ever came to be built without such elementary provisions being provided for maintaining the health of the children, and it is difficult now to repair the disastrous apathy of a past generation to the fundamental principles of healthy childhood, but the problem is not insoluble if sufficient money is available, and I am happy in believing you fully realise the necessity of making quite sure that whatever education your children receive at school shall not be paid for by them in ill-health. 7 School. No. of children who do not return home for mid-day meal. Whether facilities exist for heating of children's meals. Whether facilities exist for the drying of children's clothes and boots. Park Modern— 30 Yes Yes C. of E. Boys — No School fires in winter only. Girls — „ „ Infants — „ „ Ripple— Boys „ „ Girls — „ „ Infants — „ „ Catholic Mixed 18-20 „ „ Infants 25 „ „ (St. |
85ba1f95-5c41-42a1-98a2-64748c1ecd6c | Josephs) Gascoigne Boys 8 „ „ Girls 2 Gas ring „ Infants — No „ Westbury Boys 4 „ „ Girls — „ „ Infants — „ „ North Street— Boys 5 „ „ Girls 2 „ „ Infants 2 „ „ Creeksmouth— — „ „ Castle— 40-50 Small stove in teachers' private room. „ Faircross— All children stay at school for mid-day meal, the food being supplied from Municipal Kitchen Yes Yes PROVISION OF MEALS. (i) Meals are provided at Faircross School. They are also provided at the Municipal Restaurant. (ii) In all of the ordinary elementary schools most of the children return home to the mid-day meal. Sometimes the children staying to lunch buy dishes cooked during domestic science lessons, and, in some circumstances, supplies of hot cocoa and hot milk are available. 8 (4) MEDICAL INSPECTION. The age groups recommended by the Board of Education are examined annually. |
76619585-dd10-4bdc-9fb4-b569e03ed13e | Head Teachers kindly send notice to parents of forthcoming examinations, and the kindly support of Head Teachers materially helps in getting parents to attend on the occasion of the examination of their children. The following table shows the number of children examined by routine and otherwise, and the percentage of defective children found at the examinations. Entrants. Intermediates Leavers. Specials. Other Routine Examinations. Total. No. of children examined 918 483 566 89 193 2,249 No. referred for treatment 149 69 85 66 8 377 No. referred for observation 209 101 76 15 6 407 Percentage of defective children 38.9 35.1 28.4 91.01 7.2 34.8 In 1927 the parents of 62.7 per cent. |
27a34ae8-d7ff-4fec-85da-deb3e9fe033f | of the children were present at examination, the comparable figures for the two previous years being, in 1926 60.7 per cent., and in 1925 65.5 per cent. The number of children on the school register on 31st December, 1927, was 7,001, compared with 6,855 on 31st December, 1926. During the year, the Medical Officer paid 121 visits to 23 departments for inspection purposes, examinations being conducted throughout the year on the various school premises. Certain cases of defect were, as in previous years, referred to the School Clinic for further examination and treatment. . 9 The following table shows the number of children examined at routine and special inspections during 1927, classified according to the schools attended, the number of inspections held in each school and the number of parents or guardians present:— COUNCIL SCHOOLS. School. No. of inspections. Numbers inspected. No. |
a3554c17-3330-45f8-bc45-6d8d986a7f8d | of parents present. Boys. Girls. Park Modern 4 45 52 40 Gascoigne 24 234 239 343 North St. 21 184 169 240 Castle 2 30 12 15 Creeksmouth 1 4 2 4 Westbury 21 198 195 288 Ripple 16 153 187 245 Faircross 10 103 90 47 VOLUNTARY SCHOOLS. Church of England 15 115 126 135 Roman Catholic 7 50 61 54 (5) FINDINGS OF MEDICAL INSPECTIONS. Table II., Appendix (a), gives a return of defects found during the course of routine examination. Of those examined at routine and special inspections, 784 or 34.8 per cent., had some defect and the actual percentage requiring treatment was 16.7. (a) Uncleanliness.—I am advised that the satisfactory decline in uncleanliness noted last year has continued. |
c9b36f3a-32ec-409b-89cb-05f0c3d8b012 | 10 It cannot be too often emphasised that cleanliness is the basis of good health. Without in the least slighting the enormous advances which have been made in curative and preventative medicine, it must be recognised by the public generally that the greatest things which can diminish the present burden of ill-health, and the 'greatest things which can promote health itself are not those which can be done for the people, but those which can be done by the people, and, amongst these, the elementary principles of cleanliness represent perhaps the greatest factor we have in our control. "Where there is dirt, there is danger," and dirt and disease go hand in hand. A cleaner people will be a healthier and a happier people, and the decline in uncleanliness, i.e., the promotion of cleanliness, of which I am advised is a sign of the happiest moment. Surveys under the above heading were carried out at (i) routine medical inspections, and (ii) special inspections conducted by the school nurses. |
767cc594-7f78-4862-b427-59fffa4f4c4d | (i) At the former, 227 children out of a total of 2,249, or 10.09 per cent., had nits in their hair, while 1, or 0.04 per cent., had head or body vermin. (ii) During the year the school nurses made 18,367 individual investigations, compared with 17,952 in 1926, of which number 1955 children were found to have nits only, 121 harboured nits and head vermin, whilst 5 had verminous bodies and clothing. 251 home visits in connection with uncleanliness were made during the year. As formerly, cases were seen at the School Clinic after exclusion by nurses or teachers, of which number 67 had nits and 45 head or body vermin. For purposes of these inspections the various schools are divided between two school nurses, every school is fully inspected during each term, and the results of these examinations are as follows :— 11 School. Dept. |
50fbf3bc-941d-4971-8ad2-159c43d4aba5 | No. of Examinations Nits only. Nits and Vermin (head) Body and clothing verminous. Gascoigne Infants 1408 156 13 2 Boys 1431 42 ] 2 Girls 1245 248 9 — North St. Infants 1635 120 3 — Boys 948 39 2 — Girls 1033 159 5 — Castle Infants Boys Girls 361 48 9 — Creeksmouth Infants Boys Girls 81 11 2 — Westbury Infants 1188 123 14 — Boys 1060 34 3 — Girls 1154 176 5 * Ripple Infants 862 68 3 — Boys 1054 23 1 — Girls 906 107 — — C. of E. Infants 614 117 9 — Boys 611 52 6 — Girls 582 189 11 — R C. |
984427d2-ff27-406a-8348-7894ee804b99 | Infants 274 42 4 — Boys Girls 708 122 11 1 Faircross 644 64 10 — Park Modern Mixed 565 15 — — Printed instructions are in all cases sent to parents or guardians of children excluded from school as result of verminous conditions, cleansing of the verminous person and clothing when necessary being subsequently undertaken at the School Cleansing Station. During 1927, 183 cases were dealt with. In submitting to you the foregoing table, which has reference to the number of infested children found at the various schools, I wish to make it perfectly clear I am following precedent, and I wish further to make it quite clear that the figures cannot be used strictly for comparing school with school as to efficiency. Different schools have different problems to face, which makes comparison impossible, and I have no doubt you are convinced 12 that your Head Teachers and teachers are, one and all, dealing with their particular problems whole-heartedly and efficiently. |
3cac8769-3295-424c-85ea-ab453585fdbd | Clothing.—Children with dirty clothing numbered 8 or 0.3 per cent., compared with 14 or 0.5 per cent. in 1926. Children with defective footgear numbered 14 or 0.6 per cent. Cases of children with defective footgear were as heretofore referred to the Boots Minor Sub-Committee, who considered applications for the provision of boots in 172 cases, compared with 198 in 1926. In all 172 children were supplied with boots during the year. (b) Heights and Weights.—The following table gives the average heights and weights of children examined at the three undermentioned age periods in four of the schools, compared with the results at similar age periods in 1924, 1925 and 1926. Year. Average Height in Inches. Average Weight in Pounds. 5 vrs. 8 yrs. 12 yrs. 5 yrs. 8 yrs. 12 yrs. |
9fe81dc4-b154-4950-861c-efe1ac925234 | 1924 41.5 48.1 58.7 39.3 52.4 82.4 1925 42.1 49.05 56.5 41.1 54.1 78.8 1926 42.4 49.9 57.5 40.3 54.6 82.4 1927 42.2 49.3 57.1 40.6 52.5 80.1 Average for 4 years 42.05 49.08 57.4 49.3 53.4 80.1 (c) Minor Ailments.—Minor ailments are seen daily at 9 a.m., excepting Sundays, at the Clinic premises in East Street, the staffing of this Clinic being provided by nurses of the Plaistow Maternity Charity. |
33a23e1c-5126-42b2-bca9-4c2b95d4b6f7 | For particulars of cases treated, see Table IV, Group I. Instances of uncleanliness found amongst children seen at this Clinic were those excluded by teachers, school nurses, or attendance officers prior to being re-admitted to school. (d) Skin Disease.—The common skin diseases met with are Impetigo, Septic Sores, Seborrhoea, Scabies and Ringworm. Table II gives the numbers found among the routine and special 13 examinations. They amount to 0.9 per cent. among routine cases. One case of Ringworm of the scalp and 2 cases of Ringworm of the body were met with during the year. (e) Eye Diseases.—These diseases chiefly comprising Blepharitis, Conjunctivitis and styes, either indicate faulty personal hygiene or some error in refraction. They form a very important section of the minor ailments found in school children. Table II gives the findings under the respective heads. They amount to 13 among routine and special cases. |
f2821b3f-8c13-43b8-b1ae-8faec04a0f07 | (f) Vision and Squint.—105 cases of defective vision were found and 9 cases of Squint, 92 and 8 cases respectively being referred for treatment. This gives 4.4 per cent. requiring treatment. (g) Ear Disease.—Defective hearing is measured by means of the whisper test at 20 feet. 3 children, or 0.1 per cent., were found to be deaf, while 21 or 0.9 per cent., suffered from ear disease, the latter generally having discharging ears and a certain amount of deafness in consequence. Defective hearing is either due to wax or middle ear disease which is much more untractable, a third and very common cause of defective hearing being adenoids, the removal of which usually cures the deafness. The prevalence of ear disease among entrants amounted to 1.1 per cent. (h) Tonsils and Adenoids.—443 children, or 19.6 per cent. |
cf5afe36-9e22-495a-9a7f-623c53f16690 | of those examined, were found suffering from enlarged tonsils or adenoids, or both, with such symptoms that it was found necessary to refer them for treatment or further observation. Of cases referred for treatment, 181 were found on re-inspection to have been treated. As in former years arrangements existed for the operative treatment of post-nasal growths at the Throat Departments of St. Mary's Hospital, Plaistow, and Queen Mary's Hospital, Stratford, parents contributing to the cost thereof according to means. It will be noted that the total number of children in whom a diagnosis of enlarged tonsils and adenoids was made was 443 this year as against 357 for the previous year, i.e., 19.6 per cent. of those examined as against 12.9 per cent. for the previous year. 14 It appears from investigations that these figures do not actually prove the increase in the incidence of enlarged tonsils and adenoids that they suggest. |
35fe2185-1411-4401-aa70-4a78ba7f5f81 | The probable explanation is that during the year there was rather a different standard set up for such cases requiring observation, and it will be noted that the actual number of cases treated was practically the same as in the preceding year. In the Annual Report for last year it was stated that adequate facilities at either of these Hospitals do not exist for the overnight detention of all children after operation. This is a matter for your further consideration, as all children should be retained in hospital after the surgical treatment of tonsils and adenoids. This ideal is practicable at a cost which, in my opinion, would involve the Town in a liability of from three to four times the amount of money spent at present on this service. Home visits by the school nurses to children operated upon are paid on the patient's return home, while in certain cases children are brought home by ambulance after operation. |
884b4959-858f-4f83-a709-2ed7c4e0fd02 | Last year's Report also drew your attention to the fact it would be a decided advantage if the arrangements of bringing children home from the hospital by ambulance, which is now only adopted in selected cases, were made general. This question is having your present consideration. The percentage of the above affection found among entrants was 22.2. (i) Tuberculosis.—The total number of cases of tuberculosis in school children notified to the Medical Officer of Health during the year was 22. During the year 57 cases were referred to the Tuberculosis Officer, of whom 13 were subsequently notified as tuberculosis. The total number of attendances bv children of school age at the Dispensary amounted to 218, while during the year 14 children were recommended through the Essex County Council for hospital or sanatorium treatment. Quiescent cases of the disease were as in previous years admitted to the Open-air School, Faircross, and numbered 74. |
de214ae6-cea6-4a6e-b72d-bebbe52e8d31 | 15 (j) Dental Defects.—The findings at Medical Inspection mostly relate to oral sepsis, i.e., gum boils and inflamed gums due to decayed teeth. These are matters of some urgency leading to digestive and other troubles due to absorption of purulent matter. The amount of dental trouble amongst entrants amounted to 55.07 per cent. This matter is further dealt with in the dental surgeon's report on pages 34 to 36. (k) Crippling Defects.—Marked deformities of such a degree as to cripple a child are becoming less numerous, as these conditions are being dealt with under the orthopaedic scheme now in existence in the pre-school age. Such defects as come to notice are found in Table II of the Appendix and consist of various degrees of fiat foot, knock knee and spinal curvature. Cripple children are educated at the cripple class of the Special School, Faircross. (6) INFECTIOUS DISEASE. |
72986fb3-aae3-4f9a-8d62-3a065c7d8331 | As the School Medical Officers are also the Public Health Medical Officers, the occurrence of infectious disease is known to them at once and steps taken accordingly. Code : Articles 45 (b), 53 (b) and 57.—No schools were closed during 1927 for infectious disease, but the School Medical Officer submitted in respect of two schools a certificate under the Board of Education Amending Regulations, No. 2 (a), 1924, for purposes of apportioning grant. (a) Scarlet Fever.—117 children were reported in 1927, compared with 78 in 1926, the contacts excluded numbering 183. (b) Diphtheria.—39 cases were reported in 1927 compared with 35 in 1926, contacts excluded, numbering 97. (c) Measles and German Measles.—Only 1 child was reported from schools during the year, compared with 353 in 1926. |
f859559b-9720-4223-9de5-ad11b0a0d826 | (d) Chicken-pox and Whooping Cough.—99 children were reported during the year. 137 home visits were paid by the school nurses in connection with infectious disease during the year, whilst 312 visits were paid by the sanitary inspectors in connection with notifiable cases. 16 (7) FOLLOWING UP. Arrangements for following up cases of defect are as follows : Children referred for treatment from routine inspection are visited and advice offered the parents by the school nurses as how best whatever treatment may be necessary can be obtained. Following-up cards are kept in respect of all children referred for treatment from routine or special examination, and on subsequent visits of the medical officer to the school such children are reinspected to see whether treatment has been carried out and its results. Children for whom glasses have been prescribed are re-inspected within three months of the original examinations. Children whose tonsils and adenoids have been operated upon are re-inspected at the Clinic, the necessity for further attendance at hospital being thus minimised. |
a9858cec-e816-42a4-85a5-8a382cbaf6bb | Cases where treatment is not obtained elsewhere and which fall within the category of Minor Ailments are dealt with at the School Clinic. Of the number of children referred for treatment during the year, 56.3 were found to have been treated, compared with 59.45 in 1926. . A summary of the work of the two school nurses during the year is as follows:— No. of visits to schools 219 No. of visits to schools for medical inspection 121 No. of Home visits in connection with:— (a) Routine Medical Inspections 3419 (b) Infectious Disease 137 (c) Uncleanliness inspections 251 (d) Non-attendance for treatment, etc. 367 No. of children cleansed at cleansing stations 17 (8) MEDICAL AND SURGICAL TREATMENT. |
5d62dd51-f4a6-4214-a9aa-8f05e70214f4 | The presence of defects having been ascertained, provision is made for treatment as follows:— Parents are notified as to what has been found, and requested to make arrangements for medical attention either locally, if possible, or with neighbouring hospitals or institutions. There are numerous conditions, minor ailments especially, which would escape attention altogether unless the authority arranged for their official attention. The number of cases referred for treatment will be found in the sub-divisions of Table II, while the numbers treated, and whether by the authority's scheme or not are set forth in Table IV. " The methods adopted to secure treatment are the consistent following up of cases ; the provision of clinics (set forth as under), and other items referred to in this Report such as transference to the Open air School, etc. The value of a perfect set of teeth is even yet not fully realised, and there are still too many people who do not avail themselves of the services now placed at their disposal. |
e02a1afa-86aa-4e31-bf68-b932b0850ff1 | The terrors of the dental chair of twenty and thirty years ago still remain, although, as an actual matter of fact, dentistry has been reduced to an almost painless operation. If reference is made to the table of heights and weights shown in the findings of medical inspections, it will be seen that, between the age of five years and twelve years, your average child more than doubles his or her weight. Feeding is therefore a most important consideration in the healthy development of the child, and this is practicable only where children have a good set of teeth. I would further point out that, to achieve a perfect set of teeth, it is not only necessary to look after the permanent teeth 18 when they come, but to look after the temporary teeth, i.e., the milk teeth, because you cannot expect healthy teeth to grow in gums which are diseased owing to the presence of unhealthy temporary teeth. • In 1927 the various clinics established included :— 1. |
5bc8ee6f-74ec-4727-96e4-5eedbf667bbf | Minor Ailments Clinic, East Street.—Mornings on days at 8.30 o'clock. , 2. Opthalmic Clinic, Central Clinic, East Street.—Half-day, Saturday mornings. 3. Throat and Nose.—Operations for tonsils and adenoids are carried out by arrangement with neighbouring institutions, no facilities for the purpose being available locally. 4. Examination Clinic, East Street.—For the further tion of special cases and cases referred from routine inspections which are seen at the close of the Minor Ailments Clinic. Examination of backward children and the subjects of suspected mental or physical defect are carried out by the School Medical Officer at the Public Offices, where arrangements are made to suit the convenience of parents and others. 5. Dental Clinic, East Street.—Twice daily except one session per week employed on dental inspections at school. 6. Tuberculosis.—By arrangements with the Essex County Council, the Medical Officer of Health is Tuberculosis Officer for the district. |
c584f02c-fc4a-43d4-9aaf-b804be6a40b6 | Suspected cases of tuberculosis are referred from routine inspections or from any of the Special clinics to the Tuberculosis Dispensary at 37, Linton Road. The Tuberculosis Dispensary is run in close touch with the open-air classes of the Special School, arrangements being made through the Essex Count}* Council for appropriate cases being admitted to hospital or sanitorium. 19 7. Ringworm Clinic.—Attendance by arrangement at the rooms in Plaistow of the Radiologist, Dr. A. Kennedy. 8. Orthopaedic Clinic.—Massage, electricity, radiant heat, remedial exercises, etc., are provided for cripples and others at the Orthopaedic Clinic of the Special School during six sessions per week, when the masseuse is in attendance. Artificial sunlight treatment now forms part of the treatment of rickets, surgical tuberculosis, and various other debilitating conditions. Advantage is taken of the facilities provided at this clinic by the Public Health Committee for children under school age by arrangement with the Education Committee. |
beb0fbed-2d0a-4b34-936c-6c127bbb4f37 | Monthly visits to the clinic are paid by the orthopaedic surgeon for purposes of examining new cases and those undergoing treatment. When necessary children from the Orthopaedic Clinic are admitted to Brookfield Orthopaedic Hospital, Walthamstow, and Queen's Hospital, Hackney, for operation or other special surgical treatment, facilities also existing for X-ray examination at the latter institution. Payment for Clinic Treatment.—Bv instruction of the Board of Education, the following scale of charges has been made:— (a) Spectacles—2/9 per pair. (b) Tonsils and Adenoids operations—5/- per operation. (c) X-ray Treatment.—No charge. (d) Minor Ailments—1/- per 3 months after 14 days free treatment. (e) Dentistry—6d. per extraction, and 1/- fillings or wiring. (f) Orthopaedic Treatment—No charge. Free medical treatment will continue to be given where parents cannot afford to pay. |
6366f3f5-f523-46ab-a883-e9b0d70af7f0 | During 1927 payments made in accordance with scale amounted to £3 16s. 9d. 20 CLINICS.—The numbers of school children attending in 1927 Were as follows:— Clinic. No. Of children seen. Total No. of attendances. Minor Ailments 1804 9629 Opthalmic 137 358 Dental 2193 2377 Ringworm 8 24 Orthopaedic FOR EXAMINATION 38 1792 FOR TREATMENT 78 Minor Ailments Clinic. No. of days clinic was open 302 Total No. of attendances 9629 Daily average attendance 31.8 No. of cases treated 1804 In the absence of local hospital facilities, this clinic continues to supply among school children an undoubted need within the district. Three nurses on the staff of the Plaistow Maternity Charity attend daily from 8.30 a.m. to 11.30 a.m. |
c12bcfaa-8095-4f4f-83d3-8183c50775cd | Last year reference was made to the fact that the work of these various clinics was carried on in such a way as to encroach as little as possible upon the work of private practitioners. This is a policy which will be maintained, and I myself have no hesitation in assuring you that, whilst from time to time no doubt cases will receive attention at your clinics who might perhaps have been referred to private doctors, on the other hand your medical service is responsible for advising parents to consult medical practitioners under circumstances where otherwise they would not call in expert help, and that, if a balance were struck, it would be found certain that no injustice accrued whatsoever. The faulty state of the premises and the interference of the due efficiency of the work to some extent in consequence was dealt with in my predecessor s Report for 1925. 21 — 22 PARTICULARS OF WORK DONE IN CONNECTION - WITH ORTHOPEDIC CLINIC. No. of visits by Orthopaedic Surgeon No. |
5e9bb2f4-ebc9-486f-a738-302177a679f2 | of visits by Masseuse ATTENDANCES Primary Examination Re-Examination For Treatment Total School Children Under School Age School Children Under School Age School Children Under School Age 10 244 38 18 127 29 1627 676 2515 TREATMENTS Massage Electricity Remedial Exercises Ultra Violet Therapy Radiant Heat Dressings and Splintage No. of Children No. of Treatments No. of Children No. of Treatments No. of Children No. of Treatments No. of Children No. of Treatments No. of Children No. of Treatments No. of Children No. of Treatments School Children 11 345 4 117, 31 1011 18 651 4 57 10 199 Under School Age 8 120 — — 4 30 73 594 — — 5 61 Admission to Orthopaedic Hospitals On waiting List for Admission 31/12/27. |
25bf54d8-1d0b-4154-9bac-c39ea59628a4 | School Children Under School Age Total School Children 1 Under School Age Total 7 3 10 — — — 23 Skin Diseases.—Most skin diseases fall within the group of Minor Ailments, the following being under treatment during the year:— Ringworm. Scabies. Impetigo. Other Skin Diseases. Minor injuries, bruises, sores, &c. Head. Body. 9 25 23 290 135 330 Ringworm of the Scalp constitutes a most difficult problem to be dealt with, necessitating in most cases the services of a competent radiologist, the consensus of opinion now being that treatment other than by X-rays is of very doubtful utility, necessitating even if successful a protracted period of exclusion from school—six months or more. For parents who consent to X-ray treatment this is carried out by Dr. |
f4384b91-84c7-4daa-906a-dc785e15ac26 | Kennedy, who, upon receiving instructions, makes appointments directly with the parents of the child, inspects the child after epilation and in due course advises me when the child is lit to resume attendance at school. As previously, the cleansing station proved a valuable adjunct in the treatment of Scabies, 20 cases being dealt with during the year. Dental Defects.—Statistics dealing with the year's work will be found under Table IV, Group IV, of the Appendix, while the Dental Surgeon's report appears separately on pages 34 to 30. Crippling Defects and Orthopaedics.—This subject has been specially dealt with by Mr. Whitchurch Howell, F.R.C.S., Orthopaedic Surgeon, whose report appears separately on pages 31 to 33. Ten monthly visits were paid by Mr. Howell during the year, while 244 sessions of 3 hours were attended by the masseuse. |
2e45c15c-1a93-4d5c-86f7-458e7fa7ed9b | 11 children were treated by massage, 4 by electricity, and 31 by re-educational exercises, while 7 children were admitted to Brookfield Orthopaedic Hospital or Queen's Hospital, Hackney, for special surgical treatment. Ultra violet light forms part of the routine treatment for many conditions of children of and under school age, 18 of the former and 73 of the lattei being so treated during the year. Total attendances at this Clinic during the year numbered 2515. 24 (9) OPEN-AIR EDUCATION. (а) Playground Classes.—All schools, including the Open-air School, have playground classes during the summer months when weather is suitable. Drill is also taken in the open when weather permits. The value of these open-air classes can hardly be overestimated. They should be encouraged, and whilst, with regard to drill, I have repeated the text of the report for the previous year, I myself feel that this same idea should be stated from a different angle. |
d1b38266-3570-4ecd-829e-3606e84b0976 | I would put the matter thus—that drill must be taken in the open unless weather conditions forbid. In other words, there should always be a very satisfactory reason if drill is not taken in the open air. (b) School Journeys.—No school journeys were undertaken, although several visits were paid to places of educational interest. (c) School Camps.—No school camps were held, but four holiday camps, each of two weeks duration, were held as in previous years at Hainault for necessitous children, whilst, for the same class of children, during the period 20th May to 23rd September, twelve week-end camps were arranged at the same place. All the children were medically examined by the staff prior to going to camp. These holiday camps have earned a well deserved reputation and their extension is, I know, a question in which you are rightly interested. |
1234e2fa-bff6-499f-8aca-5b21f56763e1 | (d) Open air Class-rooms in Public Elementary Schools.— Apart from the class-rooms of the Special School, which belong to the type of open-air rooms, none of the elementary schools of the district possess open-air class-rooms. To some extent this difficulty, however, is provided against in the classes of the Park Modern School and St. Joseph's Infants' School. The fact that your Special School is often called an open-air school reflects adversely on those who were responsible for the building of the ordinary elementary schools, because ail schools should be built on the open-air principle such as you have 25 porated in the new schools which have been built under your direction. (e) The Authority possesses an Open-air School at Faircross, situated centrally and upon probably what is the highest ground of the district. During the year 141 children were on the register, 74 were admitted, and 16 sufficiently improved to permit of their return to ordinary elementary school. |
c9c0aa0c-b73d-433c-9381-7f27a5d7cc08 | The school combines separate departments for delicate children and mentally and physically defectives, such cases being found from routine and special inspections at school, besides those referred from the inspection clinic and tuberculosis dispensary. The general routine of the school was described in the Report for 1924. The benefit derived here is marked, but slower than at a residential open-air school, probably on account of the intervening home environment. (/) Residential Open-air Schools.—The Authority possesses no residential open-air schools. The possibility of turning Faircross School into a modified residential school, at least during the summer months, should be entertained. The advantages of such a residential school over and above a day school are very considerable indeed, and you have at Faircross a well-equipped institution which, for the greater part of the week is lying idle. It might be possible, at first perhaps under a voluntary system, to arrange for responsible persons to be in charge of at least small numbers of boys and girls who would remain at the school day and night. |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.