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4sbYpnt9iEc | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4sbYpnt9iEc | EA SPORTS UFC 4 ON XBOX SERIES S! Conor McGregor VS Nate Diaz UFC 4! UFC 4 Xbox Series S Gameplay! | what's up series s fam welcome to ea sports ufc 4 on xbox series s let's jump into this and take a little look and see what it's like so let's go we are going to be selecting the red corner let's go and who are we going to select top fighters right wait a minute where is connor oh there he is there he is boom yeah and can we select poirier so we could get like a little bit of our fight which is happening this week and where i see that's not at least downloaded them all it's allowed me to play it right away but it's not downloading all the games yet so you know we're going to have to select nate diaz oh yeah let's go it's time so this is available on xbox series s obviously and if you want to pick this up and get a great deal check out the link down below in the description to my cd keys affiliate link and you can pick up this game for 25 pounds or 25 this is the latest installment in the ea ufc games franchise and yeah it's looking pretty sweet on series so far that looks really like nate diaz and let me know down below in the comments who your favorite ufc fighter is so many great fighters this is my sport i absolutely love it watch most of the fights even though they're on crazy crazy times in the morning because i'm in the uk trying to watch them on demand on catch up or get the highlights on there on the youtube channel and here we go some stockton slap action he is facing competition i'm just really intrigued to see how this looks in terms of if we can damage the players what it looks like and stuff like that and up here comes the notorious one making his entrance our entrances look great here check the t-shirt what i know you're anxious is that the new reebok gfc t-shirt close to the proving ground here oh yeah here we go the biggest superstar in mixed martial arts history and so this is at the time of recording is actually fighting tonight against dustin poirier so they've been tested to see what happens there and i'd actually like to do a fight of that once all the fighters get downloaded onto the game do mcgregor be partying and see what happens let's go let's go graphics looking good texas the hair looks good as well the beard's looking looking lit here we go and we are about to throw it down bear in mind this is my first play of this so i have no idea what the controls are going to be but you better believe we'll button badge the hell out of it and have a bunch of fun how weird has it actually seen a crowd yeah because of what's going on in the world right now yes vince mcmahon walk i love it there's no crowds pretty much at any of the events just now around the world apparently there's going to be about 1 000 or 2 000 at the corner fight tonight so i've been interesting three here's his senior two entrance advantage here we go bruce buffer call it so yeah let me know what you think about the graphics now it looks good i remember playing ufc one when it first came out and my goodness has looked way better oh so so cool if you have xbox game pass ultimate also you can get a 10 hour trial to test out this game for 10 hours to see what you think about it before you decide to make a purchase then you can buy it from xbox live store or like i say pick up a great deal using my cd keys affiliate link down below in the description here we go [Applause] hope we get a good sense of the impact when the straits land that's what we want to see see if we can get a good brawl on the go here here we go come on give us a spin kick give it a spin kick i thought we were going to get it there hey evan's looking ready are we going we're going to get face off is going to stay here dean what a legend yes he's one of my favorite oh confident oh we could was that we could do could do like a starting like remote there that's pretty cool right nice ready looking mean as always always got that poker face on disney diaz there we go i'm almost too anxious [Applause] oh man i'm getting absolutely smack here connection there by nate diaz not a guy you want to let get going here on the feet it's the activity that will overwhelm there we go there we go [Applause] [Music] oh there we go does not prevent you from throwing strikes but it will slow down your speed and reduce your power maximum stamina will juice if you perform actions placing 50 percent of your total stamina or just even quicker if you keep performing actions with no standard rate right we need to oh i want to get up get up we need we need we need circle get this [Applause] not the easiest guy in the world to hit but he got caught there and he landed the right hand there come on come on well now if you're the opponent you really gotta be careful oh it's going for the tape down damn it i have no idea how to do jiu jitsu and i just oh no get up submit round and pound right okay so i need to get up oh man this is not going to be good [Applause] away [Applause] it's such a fast leg kick oh and another leg kick [Applause] you see him starting to make mistakes now in his defenses because his leg is so beat up oh elbow to the jaw come on come on he's turning away there are so many things that he is doing wrong now come on god damn it head movement use the right stick oh i didn't know that 45 seconds to go here in round one oh i feel that i feel that and another one come on finds his range with the jet oh no oh move away move away move away oh [Applause] let's see what the graphics look like for damage to oh wow that looks amazing check the detail the blood the gash in the nose some awesome next-gen graphics there people i love it i love it let me know what other sports games you want me to check out in the channel i'll also be putting on my video checking out fifa 21 and we'll check out maiden 21 as well i think since these are the big sports franchises we've also checked out pez 21 on the channel as well leave a card to pop up in the top right hand corner of the screen for all of these videos throughout this one so you can check them out at your leisure and remember to subscribe for all the latest and greatest xbox series videos [Applause] trying to establish that jab once again what don't leave that elbow pocket present punches and pressure come on [Applause] oh no [Applause] get back get back get back 48 total strikes have landed for nate diaz not the most efficient performance landing with 47 accuracy oh come on be lobster effectively here tonight the most effective weapon in all of boxing in all of combat sports is a jab this young man has a knowledge of using it like no one else i can't i can't seem to get the high kick now i don't know how the heck i did that yeah oh there we go he hit that come on smack him oh that moment oh oh come on nate's gotta be on chocolate legs now on another one come on connor oh geez we're going for it we're hunting hunting for that knock oh christ move we're hunting for that knockout oh get him must be must be friggin come on come on oh how did he get up from that keep going keep going another one oh we missed stamina's absolutely depleted oh no oh jeez it's really on the ropes oh [Applause] breathing heavy now get him out of here [Applause] come on oh come on finish up [Applause] that is it people oh right do the strut there we go come on let me clicked in time [Applause] oh so good there we go oh loving it [Applause] absolutely loved it if there's any other matchups you'd like to see on the channel as well on ufc 4 please let me know down below in the comments what fighters you'd like to see and i will get a video up for you asap my friends oh that one put him to sleep baby oh i'm so good so it's so good bruce call it and call it baby here we go yes the notorious conor mcgregor that was so good i loved it that game is fantastic definitely my friends make sure you check out ea ufc 4 and the link down below in the description to pick it up for a great deal for yourself thank you very much for watching my friends much love to all your faces we'll see you on the next video | Gamerz WRLD | UCFjab2MPjMUs6RT7wg8xqYg | 2021-01-23 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 1,616 | 7,991 |
1ACI-4b_bls | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1ACI-4b_bls | Pan-Tilt for your heavy Blackmagic Cameras | [Music] I'm currently at ISC 23 in Barcelona and it's after hours everybody left the booth it's absolutely empty and I have a chance to show you the ptx3 which is an amazing hand-tailed hit from rushworks and on top of that one we have a Blackmagic Studio HD camera some lens and a right Fusion live to control it all and I'm super excited about this solution because it actually is working just like a PVC camera although this is two different units that I'm controlling simultaneously so let me show you how this works okay um yeah let's just go straight to the demo so I have joystick rotation for Zoom I have pen and I have tilt and now let me show you how that works so pan and tilt goes to the brushwork head and of course I can tilt down and up and all these nice things but now notice the image on the camera I am also able man and zoom out using the joystick zoom in zoom out and it just works really really well I really like how this functions as a PC camera a very very natural normal way although it's two different devices and what do I mean by that well let us just quickly zoom in a little bit on this screen all right so what I mean is if you look at the cabling here the controller itself is ethernet connected poe1 cable for power and signals and the controller the rack Fusion live is talking to the ethernet STI Link Box this is the Skyway product over Network so anytime I'm adjusting the zoom I'm sending signals to this one that will convert it into an SDI feed going into this one and now the rushwork head is so brilliant that this cable is Channel Through up into the arm and it comes out here and then it goes into the side of the Blackmagic camera where it becomes control for the camera and that goes for Iris and focus as well as you'll see in a moment of course the video is going back and out this green cable but if you think about the Pentel signals from the joystick here these are also send over ethernet but into the Rushmore kit so this is what we call a combo device it's combo because my zoom talks to this guy my pen and tilt talks to this guy and also if I want to do focus and Irish control from these knobs it's also going over this one to the camera all together this actually works like a PVC camera even though it's two different devices I think this is really amazing and one thing that we have spent a lot of time getting working well and now I'm adjusting Focus just for your information so I'm just showing you that I can also do that from the panel here so I think this is a really exciting solution because it gives an opportunity to use all kinds of nice cameras on top of a pencil head and have a such a combination of a pencil um oh yeah regular cameras and a pen tilted even if you had a before broadcast lens it should be possible to put that on top of the whole thing because the ptx3 also has a Cat6 pass through so it would be possible to even place a blue pill on top of this one and you'll see that in other videos that we are coming out with | SKAARHOJ | UCFJPNTH9QJuZ5iXNAxPd3_A | 2023-02-02 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 598 | 3,006 |
6SDbZyVNct0 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6SDbZyVNct0 | 2022 - Electric Vehicles Are Going To Suck; Here's Why | [Music] my name is jenny list i write for hackaday i'm an electronic engineer and technical journalist member of several hackerspaces and i'm also here with an organization called stitching trans rescue foundation we get transgender people out of dodgy parts of the world so without further ado without further ado let's start the talk now i don't have a car at the moment because i was made homeless in 2020 and when i moved i actually passed on my cars to uh friends my my modern which is volkswagen polo 20 years old went to my cousin's kid who's a vox enthusiast will take care of it and my classic which is the 1960 tribe herald 948 went to the son of a friend in the herald community because he will yet again take care of it and like it and i realized that this gives me an interesting position i've had cars all my life i drive you know i'm i enjoy spannering cars and for the first time in my life i don't have a car because where i live i don't actually need one but i do want to have a car and i realize that nowadays you have to understand that probably fossil fuel cars have had their day and my next car will have an electric motor and i want it to be a really good car i want it to be have an incredible range i want it to be efficient i want it to be spacious i want it to be the best car i've ever had and what's the point it'll almost certainly be a new car it probably won't be an electric version of some previous car where they whipped out the internal combustion engine and dropped in a an electric motor it will be a fresh start and this is a fresh start for the automotive industry that cars have developed over the last hundred years and they picked up a lot of baggage along the way and so i want my electric car to be genuinely different probably the best car i've ever owned so hang on if you drive a car now particularly if you drove a car 40 years ago or so you'll notice the difference your car now is an amazing piece of engineering it will carry four people at motorway speeds all day it won't use much fuel most cars nowadays you're in the 50 60 miles per gallon i'm afraid i don't know what that is in liters per hundred kilometers but they don't use much fuel um it won't rust it'll last a long time it's metallurgy and rust protection is fantastic it's oil with synthetic oils in the engine your engine just doesn't wear out now if any of you have owned classic cars or any of you started arriving career decades ago but it wasn't the case when i started driving which is nearly over 30 years ago now um cars rusted you know we if you had a 10 year old car or a car over 100 000 miles in a lot of cases you're doing quite well because you had 20 50 multi-grade oil and what passed for steel and paint work in the 1970s so it wasn't uncommon to see five-year-old cars rusted out in a scrapyard you remember all those adverts with a car driving through the surf and looking hey this is a car for adventurous people you would not want to own that car afterwards because that much salt it arrested by the time it got off the beach so nowadays make no mistake if you think your car isn't very good compared to what it was it's amazing but how did they get this good now i don't know if any of you have driven a fiat 127 i'm making a controversial statement here in most cases this car here is the ancestor of your current car because most cars nowadays have a transverse engine at the front front wheel drive and the gearbox on the end of the engine there are a few outliers like say the citroen traction avant from the 30s there was front wheel drive with the engine in line there's the mini mini fans will probably jump up and down we did it first but alec is put the gearbox underneath the engine and shared the oil with the engine the fiat 127 or possibly though i think there was an inaccenti came just before it was the first what i would say is the first modern car they stuck the gearbox on the end of the engine gave it front wheel drive made the first modern super mini you don't drive a fiat 127 but you drive its spiritual successor you almost certainly drive one of these now the fiat 127 we used to own one a really really good little car trust me if there's anybody from the italian embassy here nobody makes small cars like the italians they're brilliant however sorry italian friends particularly in the 1970s my god nobody made cars like the italians did these cars were famous for rusting and everything broke i actually about 10 years after this one was made um my panda my one of my first cars were fiat panda the old boxy fiat panda and i always say it's the best car i ever owned and the worst car i ever owned it's the worst car ever owned because everything broke it rusted through the bulkhead all the plastic things broke it's also the best car i ever owned because it's a small italian car it's like having a little dog with a ball saying play with me play with me it's got a digital accelerator it's either on or it's off so you hoon around the roads in a hail of revs and you have incredible fun when you're early early 20s like i did but a lot of cars in the 70s were pretty awful and manufacturers realized this that their cars weren't lasting 10 years and people were getting sick of it people weren't buying cars because they rusted and so they put a lot of effort into making their cars better the engines got better the metallurgy got better the oil got better they went to great efforts to rust proof this picture i don't know if any of you recognize this this is actually an audi advert from the late 1980s it's i think an audi 80. and the whole premise of the advert was this billionaire has his super yacht in monaco he instructs his captain that he wants the car so the captain loads up the crane and the car is being winched over but something goes wrong and the car lands in the sea and the whole point of the advert is but that's okay because it's galvanized it won't rust and this shows just how much manufacturers in the 80s what lengths they went to to say our cars don't rust our cars last this is when cars started to become really good rather than almost good i mean i remember early 90s fiat when they launched the fiat tipo the 90s fiat tipo its big selling point was it was the first fiat with galvanized uh body panels because fiat's had this dreadful rust relationship so if cars are so good why have they got baggage why are they all so or so bad now i'm going to illustrate with a procession of cars this is a triumph herald 948 from 1959 this isn't my car but i drove one of these for about 25-30 years my car is as i say with my friend's son at the moment he's really enjoying it and this is a very old-fashioned car it's one of the last british cars made with a separate chassis and the point with this car is it's horribly unreliable all sorts of things break it rusts but the flip side of that is there is nothing on that car even nowadays there aren't many parts on that car that cost more than 100 euros most most parts cost 10 euros and you can repair that car in almost anything with a very simple set of spanners and screwdrivers i know because there's almost no part of a triumph herald i haven't taken to pieces and so this is on one respect a very bad car but on another respect it's a very good car because you can keep them running for 60 years with minimal effort i know because i've done it let's move forward i've put 1983 there that's 1992. i am so bad that is a volkswagen polo 6m it's uh it's basically they had the golf mark one then the golf mark ii then the new golf mark iii was a much larger platform so they renamed the golf platform the polo and kept on making it this is a car from the early 90s it has some characteristics in common with the herald it's actually quite possible as a geek to repair one of these in your garage there are a lot of electronics in there but there's nothing too difficult to deal with it's got a catalytic converter it's got electronic ignition it's got oxygen sensors and stuff like that but you know if you're prepared to learn about how those work you can fix this car this is a focus c-max this is actually the first car i've shown you where i haven't actually owned one or driven one uh this i use this one because my friend has one uh it's a people carrier from the mid-2000s and i always remember the first time i sat in it it was the first time i'd sat in a car where the experience of turning the car was of it booting up this thing at least i don't know if this one here but uh my friends focus c-max the whole thing in front was a tft and you literally got a logo a boot logo and i strongly suspect if you delved in behind you'd probably have a linux prompt now when she had it it was actually a little old so everything was starting breaking and everything was all in one computer and to be honest from a repairability point of view and a complexity point of view this thing is not repairable you will see 60 year old triumph heralds around you will probably at the moment see 35 year olds volkswagen golf mark twos and polo 6 ends around i'd be very surprised if you see any focus c-max is more than 15 or 20 years old there'll always be somebody has one but they've managed to make a car that is brilliant in every way it doesn't rust its engine goes on forever you can go to the moon and back if you change the oil regularly in one of those but they won't make more than 10 or 15 years old because that digital dash will break and this is the problem facing car makers that they've made incredible cars but they don't want them to last forever they want them to die they want to die early and so i've used the phrase complexity as the new rust basically when i when i started my motoring career basically we all had cars that were about 10 years old but they were rusty as anything and we got to know body filler and all the tricks to get them through the apk the mot in the uk um but nowadays you have a 20 year old car and it's just rust free this is a miracle but that's really bad for the car manufacturers so they've basically upped the complexity where if something broke in the herald it would cost you 10 pounds 15 euros and a day with a screwdriver if something breaks in the c-max you'll take it to the dealer and they will say well that that's that module will cost you 1500 euros and that's more than the car's worth and so you scrap it so if you go into a modern scrapyard you will find it is full of cars that back in the 80s when i started driving we could only dream of cars with perfect engines perfect bodywork that are only in there because something too complex and too expensive has broken so here we are in 2022 the problem with electric cars is that electric car is fundamentally a very simple piece of kit if you want to see how simple an electric car can be if you go around these hacker camps you'll probably see hacky racers if you see my friend mike's little tykes uh cozy coupe thing driving around that's a hacky racer that's an electric car strips to its essentials now that is not road legal but it's a good illustration of what you need for an electric car you need a floor pan platform so you need something with wheels suspension brakes etc you need an electric motor and a transmission you need a motor controller you need a battery manager and probably you need something to manage the interlock brakes that's three computers three microcontrollers and you can make a road legal electric car motor controller power management and anti-lock brakes the trouble is these are not the electric cars we're getting i mean if you drive an electric car i'm guessing that you quite like the toys you fire up your tesla even your nissan leaf whatever tfts everywhere you know toys you didn't pay for some heap of shites with like just one dial you paid for the experience and the trouble is particularly with things like tesla's teslas go out of support before they're 10 years old tesla's actually teslas also have awful build quality i think i would prefer a hugo to a tesla because i actually prefer a car with build quality um and the problem is we're repeating exactly the same problems as we did with the petrol cars beforehand that we're producing zero tape tailpipe emission cars that won't be put off the road by emissions legislation and so the manufacturers are making damn certain they come off the road by loading them with unnecessary features and integrating the features so when the technology dies the car dies and i would prepare to put i would be prepared to put money on it if i were to walk into a scrap yard in let's say 2030 or 2035 i would find it full of nissan leafs and teslas and e-golfs and oh god what's the other your normal crop of current day electric vehicles that are in perfect condition they still have plenty of capacity in the battery they have no rust you could they look as though you could drive them away but they will be dead and they will be in the scrapyard because some loaded extra feature has died which costs a fortune to replace and the owner has just said i'm going to scrap it and thus i'd say that when environmental soundness is linked to longevity rather than to tailpipe emissions an electric car that lives for less than 10 years or even less than 20 years isn't environmentally sound at all i mean i think i'd rather go a more environmental route um i'd hazard a guess that driving a diesel pickup truck fueled by endangered whale oil would probably be more environmentally sound oh geez there it goes help with that yay so coming back to what i said about the hacky racers an electric car this is this is actually a prototype ford electric car from about 1914 and as you can see it's an extra car strip to the minimum personally looking at that it's got brakes on the back wheels only and it's got lead acid battery and it's got no safety features whatsoever maybe that's a bit too minimalist but really it comes back to what i was saying about the hacky racers to make an electric car you do not need all the extra things it's a genuine ex opportunity for manufacturers to throw away the baggage and make much simpler cars with longevity in mind if they're serious about environmental soundness they need to look at the way they make cars and make them for lifetime environmental soundness not just the smug feeling of the first person who drives it off the forecourt so is something i came up with for hackaday a while back the minimal motoring manifesto which is this is how i want to see cars made i don't know if you not agree with me i'm guessing they'll probably be one or two automotive engineers in the audience who will tear me to shreds in the comments but this is a hill i'm prepared to die on personally i would like to step into a car something like a willis jeep with one dial in front of me and minimal controls but i realize not everybody is like me right people expect the toys they want the toys they've they've earned the right to the toys so yeah fair enough you should have toys in a car if you want to but car design needs to be able to deliver the toys without without delivering that built-in planned obsolescence or one thing breaks and the whole car is scrap so here's the manifesto separate the subsystems why are unnecessary subsystems integrated closely with necessary ones why when something that is unnecessary for the car breaks do i have to replace a module which costs a fortune because it runs every other subsystem on the car why when something unnecessary on the car breaks can i not just ignore it and keep driving and keep going for an apk and keep or mot and keep the car on the road when my triumph heralds trouble is the trunk herald is a bad example because it has no toys okay when my polo 6m's air conditioner died or other or central locking died or any of its other subsystems and believe me all its subsystems did eventually die i could keep driving the thing because it still had enough of its subsystems separate that it kept on the road the speedometer worked the lights worked whatever that focus c-max if almost anything dies anything affects that um can bus whatever the whole bloody lot dies and when you've had the experience of seeing somebody with a headlight bulb that's broken and it's not just a headlight bulb like it was in the triumph herald it's a computer system and there's a microcontroller in there that's died so they're stuck with no headlights by the side of the road you start wondering maybe complexity is the enemy of the motorist the next thing on the manifesto is provide a minimal weigh-in now we're all familiar with obd2 um most of us have probably got on them little bluetooth dongles you plug into your car and you can read off all sorts of interesting stuff now obt-2 is great it's a standard because some parts fit a standard now of course every manufacturer has extended the standard and made it non-standard i would suggest i would like to advance the proposition that we need a standard for essential services in a car so if something very expensive dies and means that you can't get it through an apk you need to be able to unplug that digital dash or that module and throw it away and drop in an open source one that provides the essential services needed throw away the toys just put in an open source speedometer or whatever that just works but it comes down to the last one is if you read reviews of mobile phones i mean i know this i'm a journalist when you're writing a review of something you need to find something to get excited about and i actually pity people who review mobile phones because all mobile phones are basically the same they're a black slab i mean even if this is actually quite galling if you basically if you pay a thousand euros for an iphone you get a black slab if you pay 50 euros for an alcatel you get a black slab and they look absolutely identical from a distance and as a journalist when you're writing about this stuff you've basically got to sort of find the things that you can say oh the iphone is so special because it has a curved edge or something stupid but it's basically sorry it's a black slab and this is the same problem with cars that there was a time when cars were all different i mean if you go back to the 1970s you could genuinely if you wanted a car with a rear engine there were several ones if you wanted a car with adventurous styling there were several ones if you wanted a rear-wheel drive car you could take a choice but to be honest now you look at the models from the main manufacturers and you can't get a cigarette paper between them they're so similar and they're all very bland and when you read reviews and things the reviews are all about the toys in the cab because the poor journalist has got nothing else to write about because the car itself is so boring and i would turn around and i would say if you're a designer of cars you need to go and drive a 1950s car and find what makes a car fun to drive without bells and whistles because if you can make a car that doesn't need all the extra crap you've probably made a better car in the first place a friend of mine used to had a basically he's tried to start a business in kit cars and it failed and he came to me and he said that the car business you're one of either one of two types of people you're either a crook or a dreamer now i'm not in the car business but i realized that this the thesis i've just delivered makes me a dreamer because it's never gonna happen it's not in the interests of car manufacturers to make cars that last longer they want to flog cars but still if we're living in late stage automobile design the automobile is about to change and shuffle off this mortal coil as we know it we still don't have to like it anyway i've been jenny list if you like this talk i'm going to talk to you for a very short while about stitching trans rescue foundation this is the non-profit of which i am treasurer we're actually based over by the badge tent you can come and talk to us we help transgender people get out of very dangerous places we're unashamedly here to raise money and so if you'd like to come and talk to us if you'd like to donate please come and do so anyway thank you very much does anybody have any questions you can tear me to shreds [Applause] if you have any questions please walk to the mics and you can ask them hello you first okay thanks yeah thank you it was very interesting i drive an electric car i had been researching which car to drive for months and and ended up leasing for for the first time in my life because there wasn't the perfect car yes um so but i was wondering do did you hear about the sono motors car with which comes only in one variety variety and has photovoltaic system sorry can you repeat the make of the car so no motors s-o-n-o okay is that the one that looks a bit like a volkswagen micro bus i yeah i think so it is it's you can just get it in black and uh it has solar panels all around and their their goal is to make a simple car have you heard about that that is a wonderful idea i've seen more than one attempt to do that however i'll refer you back to the crooks and dreamers slide yeah i would love to drive a car like that but all the ones i've seen i may not be quite familiar with the one you've described but all the ones i've seen are either way more expensive or the company basically isn't going to belong to this world i really want a car like that and if i could get one that's great but i'm afraid i would end up paying a lot more money than i can afford and i might well end up with something with zero spare support because companies gone bust yeah yeah actually i'm not sure if they are getting ready we had reserved one and it's delayed delay delayed and i've heard mixed things things so i was wondering if you know about it and what europe well i may not be familiar with that particular one but i've seen quite a few they're also actually i'm a motorcyclist as well as a driver and they're also some very exciting small motorcycles in the sort of one two five cc class and it's not impossible as a lifetime lifelong car driver and motorcyclist i might actually become purely a motorcyclist for the same reason because there are some simple ones there yeah yeah thank you hi there hello i won't shred you to threats because i really like your talk thank you i always bought old cars and i did a lot of repairs on them until indeed the cars became too complicated to do it myself and recently a lock failed and i had to like the ignition lock and i had to pay 400 euros because it had to be reprogrammed i was amazed um i kind of fell over like complexity is the new rust whether it's the the intention of the manufacturers to make a car that is very obviously very soon because i i'm wondering whether i mean you're blaming the manufacturer but i think the manufacturer is also driven by us as consumers so the my question is is the deliberate choice of the manufacturers or is it lack of critical consumer feedback i would say there's an element of both because of course the consumer because the trouble is the consumer as in you and i is different from the consumer buys the cars because people who buy new cars they don't buy them for the same reason we do and yes you're right the consumer just wants toys but the manufacturer is consciously making cars that are bad for maintenance the manufacturer is consciously making cars with software licenses the manufacturer is consciously selling freaking heated seats as a service or whatever other stupid ideas the manufacturer is enthusiastically embracing this so i'm still going to go with the manufacturers here yeah but if you look like a fair phone to look at the phone side i mean they kind of try to do what you're suggesting okay to make it modular like okay i'm going to answer that though outside this field who has a fair phone yeah exactly you know i mean great there are there is a fair phone but the fact is that virtually nobody outside our community has heard of it uh so i would say that fairfax you're right fairphone are doing the right thing but they are a very niche manufacturer yeah so if huawei start doing that then i'm listening but i would say that some that approach great but i don't see any of the big manufacturers doing that yeah and that's why i think that's just to take this discussion offline and uh please give the thought to the next question thank you go on hi there hello so first of all i would like to thank you for addressing this because i think it's a real issue especially when the population is growing and more and more people want or need cars at the same time i would like to ask because this still revolves around car ownership because you have a car and at some point it stops working and you need to repair it or buy a new one and now hypothetically um if there would be a future where car ownership isn't the norm because most cars they are produced then they are in parking lots for over 90 percent of the time which is kind of a waste resources i'd say so what if cars would not be personal property but rather be a service people can make use of would that change the conclusion of your thesis well it would still mean that those cars if they're over complex would go on the scrap heap quicker which basically means that they are less environmentally sound so it doesn't it doesn't change the what you might call the hardware part of the thesis but also it's the same thing with cloud software when i pay for something i want to own it i don't want somebody else to own it and fair enough i use gmail because i mean geez this is a google presentation um but there are things where i draw the line i want to own something i want to own my cad package i don't want it in the cloud thank you autodesk eagle um i want to own my car because i don't want somebody else to harvest my every use of it and select somebody else i don't want to be beholden to a evil corporation on it so there's there's the hardware side of it that it doesn't matter who owns the car if it's on the scrap heap in five minutes that's a bad thing but there's also the ownership side of it that i want to i want to be able to use my car on my terms also i grew up it come out in brits a borderline i grew up on a british farm and these kind of shared models sort of cars as a service they're great if you live in a town but most people don't and most people don't live in the kind of town that has that kind of thing if you live in a hollow hollowed out town in the hinterlands you're not the first people to get these services you're the last people to get these services so there's still a big lead for people to have vehicles they own i would say but from a hardware perspective i would say the same completely applies whatever the ownership model is if the car is on the scrap heap before it's time then it's not sound yeah fair enough thanks hello um i'd like to disagree with you please do and well first i think we're having a people problem as you said to the questions before uh people want gadgets you shouldn't be angry at car manufacturers but you should be angry at people that just want to live with it or try to change and educate people to to be more uh sensible of this thing and i'll take you on the 2 20 30 bet i'm sure there will be not many cars in perfect condition in scrapyards and another thing sorry um cars are pretty resilient like in a tesla you can remove the center mcu and you lose the air conditioning and some commodity features the car still runs i came when i came here i was playing with a can bus over tesla yeah and i shorted the uh motor control bus canvas and it still drove fine until and it just disabled regenerative braking uh but there are also many open source projects that are addressing this like there's uh open source uh as you said uh speedometers yeah like an extra android with an esp32 connected to the can bus that works and i'm sure there will be a driving community for this kind of project which aims to remove vmcu and make the car number as you like it but i think it's also a generational problem like people with carburetors were complaining when uh inject injection got introduced and it's also yeah you know the the world is more and more complex every day so everything is more and more complex uh it's like entropy but uh it's still accessible you can still root a tesla you can still reverse engineer the can bus it's just more difficult i would turn around on the first point um i'd say that it comes back to that separate the subsystems thing that fair enough the customer asks for the toys the manufacturer is not separating the subsystems but also i would say that yes there are all these open source projects and they are absolutely great the trouble is they are not accessible to the kind of people who are not on this field and it's great yes it gets more complex but if you basically have to be the kind of person who goes to hacker camps to even attempt it it's failed basically that triumph herald as i say in a lot of ways was an awful car but almost anybody in his backyard with a screwdriver could maintain it now obviously we have moved on since triumph heralds but you want to go halfway to making it easier for somebody who isn't on this field and i agree there are some wonderful open source projects but i have an electronic engineering degree i can do this but i don't think it's fair to expect the average bloke on a estate in my hometown of vista to also be able to do it yeah but where there's a wheel there's a business so if many people want this uh the people from the open source project will manufacture that is sure to just plug in there are many projects this way we've had these things for quite a long time and those businesses haven't appeared and meanwhile yeah there are a few businesses like that but it's not a mass market thing so yeah but this please move the discussion to outside and give room to the next question and by the way uh if we come along to wtf 2020 sorry 2033 there's a club martyr in that bet hello hey a very quick one maybe um we are adding the complexity to these systems to the cars to increase the safety so in the 1970s the car that you just show we had about 20 000 people dying in germany alone in roadkills a day a year sorry now we have about two thousand yeah so we are saving what eighteen thousand lives a year i mean we can reduce airbags we can reduce esps we can reduce all of these microcontrollers all of this logic right now we are adding all the compute to the to the cars to save lives i would disagree with you there are also obviously a lot of technology in the car for safety there is the design of the monocoque there is the metallogy of the monocoque there are things like crumple zones there are reactive systems like airbags and stuff like that for sure but it the kind of things i'm talking about are not the essential safety systems they are the ludicrous amounts of extra complexity and non-essential systems that is tied into the rest of the car of course we need safety systems oddly that triumph herald is actually one of the safe cars i featured there because it has a separate chassis there is um a test data on a 1970s crash test on a triumph spitfire in which it actually came out quite well because the chassis just go yink but that's an outlier so yeah safe safe safety is obviously an important thing but i'm not talking about safety systems here because it's not the safety systems that are the problem any other takers come on this is a hill i'm prepared to die on come at me you know well if that's all then thank you very much and thank you for being a polite and attentive audience [Music] [Applause] you | MCH2022 | UCHmPMdU0O9P_W6I1hNyvBIQ | 2022-07-24 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 6,137 | 31,807 |
C_KYqAmBDao | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C_KYqAmBDao | Identifying Transistor as NPN or PNP and Testing [TUTORIAL] | hey guys how's it going in today's video we'll be learning how to identify if a given transistor is an npn transistor or a pnp transistor so i have with me a bipolar junction transistor and we will test out which of its leg is np and n or pnp so just place your transistor on your breadboard and take your multimeter out and to do this experiment what you need to make sure is that your multimeter has a diode testing mode so just you know turn your multimeter knob to the diode testing mode and set it there now before we continue let's just understand what we are going to be doing in a few in a few moments from now so when your multimeter is in diode testing mode what happens is is that if you connect the positive testing probe to the positive or the p-type uh terminal of your diode and the negative testing drop to the cathode of your diode that is the n-type then it will show a voltage drop of about somewhere between 0.3 volts to 0.8 volts however if you connect the positive testing probe of your multimeter to the end type of your diode and the negative testing probe to the p-type of your diode then your multimeter will show zero l that is um open circuit or over limit now the same technique can be applied to a transistor as it is essentially two diodes stuck together now let's just take the case of this npn transistor right here so if i connect the positive testing probe of the multimeter to the base or the p type of this trans uh p-type terminal of this transistor and the negative testing probe to diameter that is the n-type test n-type terminal of this transistor then i should get some positive or finite voltage that is that would lie between 0.3 volts to 0.8 volts in the multimeter however if you make the connections in an opposite fashion then you would get a zero l reading that is the circuit is open or your diodes are reverse biased so if you get a positive reading then you have connected your diodes in a forward bias mode and if you get a zero l reading that means that you have connected the diode in a reverse biased mode so that can be applied to find out if a given transistor is npn or pnp which we'll be doing right now now let's head back over to our transistor and connect any of its two terminals to the positive and the negative testing probes of my multimeter now let's check the reading that we are getting in the multimeter and since i'm getting an ol right here that means that it is reverse biased so my middle terminal must have been p and i will just make sure by exchanging the probes and i get some voltage that is 0.706 right there that means my middle probe my middle terminal of the transistor is of p-type and the first terminal is of n-type now i'm checking the other two probes right now um sorry i meant i'm checking the other two terminals and i'm getting a positive voltage as well that lies between 0.3 volts 2.8 volts so that means my transistor is npn now that i know that i have an npn transistor with me what i need to find out is which of the terminals is actually the base collector and the emitter now obviously the p terminal is going to be the base as only the p terminal can be the base in an npn transistor and so the only question that remains is that which of the terminals is actually the c that is a collector terminal and which of the terminal is the emitter terminal now since you know the ammeter is more heavily tilt in comparison to the collector so the forward bias voltage across the emitter base should be more as compared to the forward bias voltage across the base and the collector and we'll make use of this knowledge to find out if to identify the emitter and the collector of this particular transistor so i'm just going to measure the forward biased voltage across these two terminals right here and i will note that voltage i am getting 0.707 volts now if i forward biased these two terminals right here then i am getting 0.7 volts now since 0.710 is greater than the previous value that means this terminal right here is my emitter so this is my emitter this base and this is the collector so that's how you identify if your transistor is in npn and how to identify the emitter base and the collector leds as well thanks for watching and have a nice day you | Phys Whiz | UCO0mdq1TnLctbwUGj_TnR7Q | 2016-01-29 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 815 | 4,257 |
zljWt8cpm6Y | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zljWt8cpm6Y | Flicking da fook out of Radiants - Valorant | [Music] [Applause] let's go oh one enemy remaining [Music] foreign [Music] b [Applause] revealing right here standing ahead found them reloading 30 seconds left you should run careful now 10 seconds left [Music] down one enemy remaining pulling them give me those back one enemy remaining bike planted reloading last player standing one enemy remaining flawless get out of my way the first begins joke's over you're dead [Music] one enemy i'm joking it's a noted baby carrying their vision you disappoint me let's go revealing area a there bro i know this guy will be there headshot one enemy remaining fbi open up pink [Music] flower one enemy remaining spike down mid who's next spike down beat one enemy let them rot okay [Music] ugh enemy spot today one enemy remaining | NO7ED | UCQ4dS_JStXcK3A30isduBbg | 2021-04-10 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 132 | 773 |
99kJaKW19TU | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=99kJaKW19TU | COD CHEEK CLAPPING META VERSE W/ CAR DRIFTING = HEAVEN | [Music] foreign [Music] Cod cheek clapping metaverse W card Dan when I muted the wrong thing [ __ ] to clap or not to clap that is Das question oh it says audio input that should be right then audio input Is Us oh desktop audio pause no don't stop it delete all right let's see if we got the cheeks clapping correctly okay there we go I'm just an idiot she didn't notice um so we had a race this last weekend why is it black this is my girl ass started uh start it up you know you should be able to connect [ __ ] there was a Toyota Corolla gr there I mean this thing was freaking nice I mean here's the car foreign [ __ ] Edge sheet are you are you guys apocalypse edging I guess you just wanted to bust this is let's get this [ __ ] pop looks popping oh [ __ ] oh that's like his head a little bit oh shitty Shredder said shredded I just got lit up oh yes clap from behind that was literal booty clappiness let's see if the audio all right I guess I'm not like an audio master I need because I mute stuff trying to avoid all the stupid [ __ ] DC amazing [ __ ] oh [ __ ] when I turned my mouse I sometimes like turned you at a melee but the button's just too close I might just need a new mouse yeah I gotta add my [ __ ] cameras at every time oh but I shouldn't have to do that right I mean what the hell and like a lot of times they don't work when you try to add them back I don't [ __ ] understand and then the camera shows up like in the Logitech g-home or they'll show up like one at a time oh my [ __ ] god why was it still meleeing after I stopped nice I learned this sometimes this game is dumb as [ __ ] why is it yeah bad guys balls balls I don't wanna let's go let's go back to the murderer scene hahaha oh God he did it too I'm scared I am scared for our lives fail fail don't do it bail oh no where is he where is he where are you guys I can't see you oh our guys still landed there they're charging him he didn't bail yeah why have you done this what is this what is this thing oh [ __ ] dead oh thank God green went over up what oh um okay let's go back like this way can you snipe I guess that's the way if our teammate fails we can just get to buy attention right there oh thank you this is like the most common gun in the whole game all right well that worked out oh no where did it go God this game's a [ __ ] He's garbage where the [ __ ] did this thing go oh my God look at this the revive pistol it went into this why when I swapped it went into this [ __ ] ground sounds you get a better position we're not getting shot by the AI as well there's a guy behind me in the water oh [ __ ] what the [ __ ] was that oh he's right next to you green [ __ ] [ __ ] I'm like oh what the [ __ ] foreign [Music] Dale died um well I don't really know what else I could have done there I guess I could have hit and like oh I didn't fight with the UAV on the Lord it was [ __ ] oh [ __ ] show me to the [ __ ] barrier what a dick keep wondering though if my Jesus on my Jesus oh they have three that's fine I wonder if they're playing with someone they know though yo it's about time well shoot yes I kept slapping in here all the time you guys are always I've done some other [ __ ] not inviting me you [ __ ] [ __ ] s [ __ ] [Laughter] damn photo I made a mural of you and like a culture shooting with darts here what oh this is godspeed branding bro hey yo all right thank you four and the four four by four what have you been you guys been doing did you guys win that 150 000 tournament I knew you could do it well I mean be back and I'm like I'll shuffle my [ __ ] real quick Zack Olive zero zero one right now following oh thanks to the follow I almost screened that into my my online friends Zack Olive zero zero one hi mate yo what's goody dude what are you up to Zach it's good to [ __ ] have a fellow companion shiz that with you're like a um early adopter so that means you get more stomp in the end you know you're like a Gary vaynerchuk of God's brand well actually typically I think you donate money for that we'll just we'll just act like like attention is the currency which it pretty much is oh my god dude so what's good do you have cleaning access to water garbage in the garbage yo what are you guys been doing with your boners your your voice is like really yeah how are you made dude I'm doing pretty [ __ ] good now I kind of get my stomach because she's under control so I've been [ __ ] just boss hogging it you know what um I had some [ __ ] crazy ass life events like my uh I just got my UTV back after like almost three years of being down and then like two weeks later after I actually drifting the [ __ ] out of it I'm not gonna lie I drove it into a uh this road was just completely washed out so it damned the [ __ ] out of the fun frame but I just ordered a new one it's like a race one so it's better kabuku bucks but it's [ __ ] racing it's like stronger uh um you know just are you how's hey what's up guys how you guys doing today Howdy Doody googly googly googly dude is that something was boyfriend Zack Olive zero zero Daisy good to hear are you something was a boyfriend godspeed yeah I call it zero zero one China he's screaming your hobby um streaming my hobby it's a good question I would say I'd say streaming is kind of it's basically my like dude don't talk to my friend Brendan like that majority of my life it's kind of it's not like um stroke that [ __ ] till the [ __ ] volcanoes all over this [ __ ] Pompeii [ __ ] too [ __ ] yeah yeah that's why I like it [Laughter] I'm gonna pick you guys up let's go kill this [ __ ] dude [ __ ] watching throwing that damn bottle of [ __ ] liquor um what did you say before that though get the [ __ ] in here man skinnier yeah like of course you have the [ __ ] spicy Latin music in here this is like some salsa dancing hey what's this mean I swear okay get out guys zero one uh I missed I missed it oh oh that's you yeah I think I think it doesn't take precedence over everything else but it what the hell am I gonna hit inside I'm gonna hit inside behind me I hear him yeah I just got shot [ __ ] he jumped out and all right behind me in the garage I find him being a big time streamer oh yeah yeah yeah so so I just I kind of like the um the way the streaming allows you not to have to edit because I I'm not really much of it like I don't I mean I can edit pretty good but I just don't enjoy doing it I like this process a lot better of just like kind of organizing whatever the [ __ ] you want to do and then just dishing it out like live like I could set up like a whole presentation of something technical like uh like ancient alien history or like something spirituality and and then just kind of scan through it and it might not come through as fluid but it's just a lot less cheese it doesn't take like a [ __ ] full three days to make one [ __ ] video foreign holy [ __ ] I'm [ __ ] lagging I died Zack Olive zero zero one that's good did you crush the guy with the car yeah I just shot him out all my [ __ ] boyfriend's dead I'm coming for you dude oh [ __ ] yeah slam [Laughter] yeah buy me back from hell [Music] all right [Music] are you [ __ ] ass over here this is slam well they don't want this smoke oh [ __ ] that shit's hilarious right there oh you can't get the car back out of the garage in there you can understand Sandstorm guys we gotta get the [ __ ] out of here the Mommy's coming [Laughter] all right [Laughter] ammunition Mouse okay so are you in need of twitch grab yourself overlays emotes logos banners well probably but I'm unfortunately if it's not free I'm [ __ ] broke as a [ __ ] I just spent a thousand six hundred dollars just the the metal frame part of my [ __ ] UTV like Bookoo bucks so itchy yeah does it have [ __ ] herbs yeah herpes is on my ass cheeks on your attitude this is the best feeling yeah I actually heard a few quick come on and it goes away [Laughter] it's like peeing on a [ __ ] jelly sting [Laughter] only as a friend compadre wait what are you looking at right now oh yeah zero zero one discounted me I am one of the streamers I just broke their armor he bought another car there's someone on our left too I saw I heard firing over here [Music] is my Discord all right spot out for us how do I run that fast [Music] I got one of them they got big army guns someone there again hey dad found the best in the lobby bro look at how [ __ ] good he is unbelievable but we have a Discord too if you enjoy that it's on like I think it's like pretty much all my social pages and my linked trees I'm pretty sure if it's not let me know oh thank you he says did you say to save you and I tried and I died you only got one guy when did the rest of you same time [Music] why do you sell the pistol I think Brendan had the most money all right don't be camping the bike station now dude oh I figure proximity six wrecks yeah it's very happy before somebody comes back all right drive my [ __ ] come on all right I got you dude [Laughter] we have like 40 guys four oh [ __ ] he's gonna kill you ass I just don't have a gun and [ __ ] I need a gun don't be [ __ ] scared crunches I can't hear it he's right there it's right here holy [ __ ] holy [ __ ] [ __ ] are you guys all ran yeah what the [ __ ] I should have said something I need to get a gun I need to get a gun let's go get him they're like hunting me full force and you're jacking each other you're gonna get ammo come on dude it's the [ __ ] border control look at this top look at the top they're jumping all over he's coming back he's not doing a horrible drivers he's on top of this building right here oh my dick in the butt dude he's flying down to me hey dude can you please not kill me bro man they don't see me they're not looking at me somehow they don't see me they missed me you dude no pressure dude you have to save us all just restarting that okay let's see how much um it's all [ __ ] Brendan's bro yo watch your [ __ ] mouth [ __ ] I'm gonna come to Arizona and stick it in your ass [Laughter] I'm in SoCal s I'll buy you the plane ticket freaking play me I'll just [ __ ] fly it so my dick doesn't get too sweaty what a [ __ ] [ __ ] type look it's you in the wall right there in that picture what is that that kind of looks like that El Presidente you're going to die you're in a bad spot what a [ __ ] beach wagon what that was crazy I don't know he is dude get them Most Wanted get them more swan a car doesn't that mean that he gets to kill them himself [Music] Jesus Christ nah dude we're already dead don't worry about us we're dead for life just thought you did you backflips enough I know I thought that was bad oh it's not gonna he hit the car into the wall and just [ __ ] launched back God damn big these [ __ ] suck dick I guarantee the next one because that's like a warm-up right like you kind of when you start you suck dick at ass or duck duck you duck a dick you're ducking dicks but you're shooting with your skeet skis and you're trying to [ __ ] somebody in the face but if you're not hitting right you're gonna be you know you're not you're not in the in the zone so you're not Sublime in the subliminal messages area you're kind of more floating amongst The Ether of the uh the actual like particles that are just popping in on existence you're not actually like slamming your your material matter into their bong hole to clap them so I feel like this next one we should actually be able to shoot some [ __ ] aye damn wait does this mean we're already playing again I heard that I gotta get my [ __ ] water thank you what are you watching like uh beheading I remember that's the thing I remember our friend showed us when we were like six I was like 16. my friend's shorts I'd be heading but he was so [ __ ] up but but then he he later joined the military everyone else who did it for him oh far out of my dick oh I see him yeah this thing [ __ ] hops around still pretty gnarly I saw they're doing her doctor D is doing like single shots with the Revelation were pretty oh my God is that Kevin Durant is on our team I didn't know he Rock climbs hey what's up guys how you guys doing today where are you going oh who the [ __ ] was that I need to see that marker sorry dude oh there's a whole ass other team yeah yeah that's why we're going over there dude we like this [ __ ] there's like 18 guys damn sorry whoa okay skinny [ __ ] Ed a bit of it okay I told you later dude he's calling he's calling yeah blood that hey leave me alone dude he just [ __ ] Facebook oh I want to see the replays that's hot oh he just sniped me in the [ __ ] face yeah go get some money real quick stretch my butt again maybe you should get that checked out dude this guy sucks gonorrhea dick I don't know oh is that there are brownies over there oh that's good that's when I was up there it looked like someone was chilling that they were playing what are you guys are you guys going rock exploring you guys looking for crystals or what's gonna make that dude oh I got tons that's what I do I do that over here the Forest Park has y'all want to hit this one not go on the dust storm deep not it out of every Center bunny rare Whoever has a three grand I don't know I just want to get buff over here wow [Music] oh oh this is such a dick no it's not like dead well that's exactly what I just said that's weird wait what did you just say about dick did I like yeah so I said I said you guys smell like dick but I didn't put the mic on did it [ __ ] two yeah my ass shooting my ass out thank you you read your ass shoot out by a grown ass man when you're a child yeah I went to church keep it yeah saying for him huh gonna [ __ ] get this one [Music] oh he's [ __ ] eyeballs popped out of his balls wait what that's cute yo can you jump into the water please no I wouldn't do anything okay he's gonna cover the water over here just to stay together now why would that make sense all right let's go buy my boat what is that shooting inside [Music] the most addicted to stems I can't see it I can't see this is I hit him all right guys let's go [Music] Beach okay I'm unibox all right I'll just oh I just left on a purple you can't try this that's a perfectly looking [ __ ] this thing's looking and everything oh there was a booty contract all right let's go to this bike station real quick to go find our other boyfriend back spark it up constantly he's so hot right now just slow down a [ __ ] pickle easier than butt plugs so you can get more stuff in there thanks to your bank hey thanks dude you're welcome indeed well you're such a great guy did you hear that it's all clap for for life a real [ __ ] Class Act my uh dominate name that's Danny oh bdd yeah yeah you know you're a little [ __ ] [ __ ] we're here something is wrong I don't want to kill anyone it's mean go ahead what are you [ __ ] rainbow oh [ __ ] oh that's eight eyes I think got him the other ones are coming right here [Music] kill me hey dude can you stop shooting at me please it was the last one but in the agua who the [ __ ] you get rid of this [ __ ] crossbow my government which is big dick Bandit that's your government dude yeah pretty cute it's of course more like a Most Wanted type thing if you know anything about the whereabouts so the big dick Brandon please call in you know that guy left I repeat I turned up I repeat copy that Temple over here too scared the [ __ ] nipples at him why do you got nipples in you because mine are innies not Audis Jesus oh [ __ ] oh they bought someone back right there look alive areas hot right here foreign [Music] oh my God I just made that that's terrible all right yeah there's a bunch of snipers [Music] are you [ __ ] serious right now oh no drop your guns those exercise that's in the lobby dude you're the best everyone oh there's a whole team on top of your ass all right pretend I didn't see that okay new [ __ ] Zone located hey guys my teammates got under the bridge foreign [Music] okay oh dude [Music] so cute when you play like that what's the what's your plan here [Applause] um there was one behind your left sitting there it's just gonna get hit by it [Music] what is that SEAL Team Six on you what the [ __ ] uh [Music] it's cool you gotta run I guess came quick as [ __ ] that's what she said hmm [Music] if that [ __ ] yeah they were right next to you now you get another team coming up on you [ __ ] the hell you just hitting the metal I think it's a whole ass team man he's chasing a helicopter trying to steal it where the [ __ ] are you going what are you what are you trying to do dude I'm trying to [ __ ] survive because I'm a survivor and look like you're trying to get on the helicopter with like the whole team trying to stay under them because they can't see me you know they're gonna sit your Loadout right there bro thank you that wasn't even it that was something else oh my God oh my God well clench your cheeks wow no no no that helicopter is sick and you're right there [Applause] hey you're good dude well at least you got to jog around the whole map you know it was pretty good [Music] because he's running at the hook I was thinking of a closer shot it's hard to move as fast as that look out there oh my God it shows such a delayed version you have a grandma all right this is my last game and I'm gonna end my life whoa it was easy as an enemy um because oh embodies it was a body like squirted next to me I was like apology [ __ ] our messages I'll meet you over there so we're gonna take a year it's a good spot actually I like that spot you can dunk back in the water if she gets too sexy [Music] doesn't even want a real fun look look at this hey what's up AZ sign here are you uh he's a sinner are you uh they're a signer a little bit any cosine loans if I can do that you heard John Hancock on a lot of [ __ ] wait a minute all right were you followed sure that you just heard that [ __ ] this one's better [Music] anyone need a blowy blowy though [ __ ] you got in here [Music] whoa everything just disappeared in for me what strongholds shoot a [ __ ] bigger all right hey dude where is he at brother foreign is it this building or the one I'm right next to it right behind it nice did you see him he's in there in there yeah I'm [ __ ] Landing next to me now they're below me but they are bro he's right next to me I don't know he's below you are you [ __ ] serious bro verbally I got to go down they're still on the roof though yeah above you for our life we [ __ ] two of them there all behind me oh that's you no he's still behind you [Music] yeah he's going down he's going down he's over there on the top bottom yeah oh my God he's on the roof there yeah oh oh right there over here oh my God the car well that's kind of a little weird shots [Applause] don't worry guys I'm scared all right what do you say it moves around the island right behind you guys should we take the train circles there's no boxes in there all right assistant what's up all right dude what do you want to do dude what's the [ __ ] gameplay just ride this see where it goes are you bouncing yeah I jumped out dude all right we're gonna go buy this guy back but first let me take a selfie Jesus let's go let's go find this guy back car s well I think it's like cyberpunk because that way the engine can't explode right here oh what the hell yeah look okay oh you just had to turn at the right time [Music] killed I'm getting down now did I get a skill dude you're still alive oh my God I know bro oh what the [ __ ] [Music] um [ __ ] this um [Music] everybody damn [Applause] well foreign I'm a little scared though because I got no place those mad people man agers there's one dude we yeah we landed pretty [ __ ] close version anyway oh there you go wow this game isn't accurate that the UTV doesn't sound like that oh easy killer you just shoot a mobile device come on [Music] I don't know what just happened [Music] nice thanks so where the [ __ ] should be laying then yeah I don't know who's trying to snake me out of the [ __ ] air over here oh he came up behind hey come over here come on nine bullets ammo have you [ __ ] let me climb up there okay second level man it's crazy oh [ __ ] oh my gosh oh it's [ __ ] serious I [ __ ] hate this game yeah [ __ ] good lost I'm gonna go play soccer I'm gonna go drift cars like a [ __ ] man that's KD [ __ ] Katie all right I'm done [ __ ] done son buying a bit random who's all done who's getting off [ __ ] bad time dude get the [ __ ] up dudes [ __ ] man all men left behind yeah see you later dude [ __ ] out of here did you leave him no I'm still let's see uh do you ever play anything else great I [ __ ] suck at the rest of this [ __ ] that's what it is the multiplayer is funny [ __ ] the maps the smaller Maps I have the games I just I I deleted it a while back because I didn't like the game at first and then I just downloaded the [ __ ] [ __ ] offline the awards off so I have to reinstall the [ __ ] the hard disk but I probably will eventually I like playing uh ranks multiplayer because it's there's no silencers so it's [ __ ] bag and packed people get so mad in there holy [ __ ] washing machines jacking off are you playing in a laundry room I said are you playing in the laundry room am I cleaning the laundry room hey what's up what it is my way is it play again is this is that what he says is that what he said that's another version um [Music] what's up what'd you say I'll spread my ass in the mall it's it's my boyfriend [Music] he spits and he doesn't quit what the hell okay it looks like the same dude we played last time he's got an Achilles heel yeah dog what are you on the controller and let me guess PlayStation because this is Mexican PlayStation you know rhymes Xbox thoughts gee hey what's up [ __ ] Achilles oh my I found him like he was healing died um shut up oh my God that's what my mom looks like he's just across the ass little [ __ ] skin is flaking up holy [ __ ] jump jump okay dude he [ __ ] called me brother you got it boss are we going for that train or I can't see you around me again that was pretty crazy you're still in the air oh don't kill anyone oh [Music] that didn't kill him how many times do I gotta shoot that [ __ ] [ __ ] I swear I just shot the dude like 25 times it was crazy I guess when you shoot through a wall it's weaker now or something he's right here he's right here sniper in your face uh not me because I got a team on me okay I'm scared some reason Achilles is in the other side of this circle what did it say enable what name a dinosaur that has a giant dog that's me is that all dude have you checked out my porno yet bro okay my question is yeah yeah good good I'll tell you I don't want no problems bye [ __ ] me up [Music] all right guys I'm playing Miss A-Rod foreign she didn't let you shoot her in the tits Brian the stinker um buy me back dude oh why are you guys all split up real question you need four hundred dollars more dude not quite an area to the left there's a box I see hey man I'm Kelly whatever it means he he got me back hello what's up snack bite [Music] give you a moment okay my bad wait he just killed the whole team on his own or what happened it says Elite remember the gas is coming in we're going towards it and I guess his family um right there oh that's a real Chopper okay okay are you landing on top oh God hell what are you what are you airstriking foreign [Music] hello how was your moment minus minus or what yeah sorry Honey Boo Boo I'm gonna play with my new best friend [Applause] I guess they're good at school that's why Facebook does [ __ ] yeah Education First oh on me well like he's still he's gonna graduate tomorrow no technically Wednesday tomorrow yeah there's a lot of backhand your kid if they'll listen oh okay we have to be honest what is going on but then there's right under trying to come up the zip oh I gotta go again this just sucks it's just like a running game compress your whole life no my name is what'd you say I've got a pretty name you should [ __ ] hear Ryan sounds like a [ __ ] cat exploded who's my area my sneeze is like really loud for some reason oh yeah [Music] oh yeah to another break damn you got me I got you you got me you're welcome dude nice yeah we almost died right now chilling like uh dildo that hasn't been used in a while like a cucumber it hasn't been used in a while cool it's chilling they're coming this way dude another one I like how you have a pink gun it's really cute see it's you like it it's hot I thought you would like it [Applause] in there dude where everything foreign [Music] all right foreign [Music] thank you oh Dave okay [Music] on the way oh [ __ ] I'm getting inside from the top ah one coming up we're coming up oh I shot him he's spun around oh yeah those hit him he's looking at you with the [ __ ] fire Squad guys [Music] [ __ ] done son foreign oh earn that Sr what is that [ __ ] you're in like shitty ridiculousness in this [ __ ] piece of [ __ ] all right so I couldn't get the other can work but I wonder if the [ __ ] slapper slaps the noise freezes there [Music] whoa wait what I don't want to drift playing around tandem Tuesdays weekly drift War [ __ ] am I even speak too freaking booty clapped out what's going on bdsl whoa oh I think I saw him doing this one it's like a weirdo I don't know I was just running the whole [ __ ] track foreign [Music] servers [Music] I can't believe how many [ __ ] made drift packs oops um whoa it doesn't exist what what the hell bow son 's beyond your [ __ ] oh no oh [ __ ] what the [ __ ] and let me get in here oh I think I'm done unfortunately how do I get better drifting yeah that was kind of dumb they just they made a whole different game and then they left out the other majorities of the people that play it [ __ ] oh yeah I don't think I had seen a site before Maybe SMC what the oh get get the [ __ ] out of here this thing won't even close after it does this [ __ ] oh I could have done that all the time but they didn't show that before this doesn't appear to be doing show said to be opening a new tab when it's not oh yeah this [ __ ] not doing [ __ ] now I'll open new tab in three seconds that's nothing what what the heck crazy weird I'm gonna install some content not doing anything either what does this mean I can't even read this it's in like what don't sukta that's fine I create content I'm a content creator AKA let's make videos to what the f uck my stomach is hurting crazy I'm gonna bust off that um maybe tomorrow is that this working peace to you and everything you do | GodsSpeed Brendon Raymon | UCcVJiFRCxXHbqvrmeGXDwgw | 2023-05-23 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 5,313 | 28,327 |
lLNGoMpCWeY | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lLNGoMpCWeY | Debut Marathon Race Report // Nice-Cannes 2022 | dear YouTube subscribers it's been a while I've run my first marathon I did it I finally did it after um postponing it for like three years I finally got around to running my first marathon it did not go as planned I learned a lot I struggled I fought and today I want to talk about the race and take you through it my preparations my expectations and of course my experience during the race and my thoughts after and going forward so it's kind of a big update and just want to take you with me on everything and talk a little bit basically because it's been a while since I made a video last and it's about time we catch up [Music] so first of all I'm here in my new house a tiny house actually and I will be giving you a tour at some point but right now it's kind of chaotic just moving in but here I am in my new office and it's freaking awesome uh anyway let's talk about running so you know some of you if you've been to this channel for a while you'll know that I I actually signed up and started the marathon in this Nissan Marathon I started it back in 2019. I I wanted to run my first marathon I signed up I was training well and then I suddenly a month before the marathon or a couple months before I started getting this weird dizziness symptoms and I just wasn't you know feeling up to running a marathon I wasn't sure what was going on might be related to some over training stepping up you know my volume too quickly or perhaps a vaccine that I took back in 2016. anyway I've talked about that in different videos I decided not to run the marathon back then but I wanted to start because my dad was running the marathon so I ran the first couple of kilometers with him then I jumped off and and jumped on the train with my mom and we followed my dad along the route for his race back in 2019 so it was kind of disappointing but you know that's that's how life is sometimes now three years later I've come full circle and now I did run a marathon and my dad and my mom followed me along uh my Marathon route so this is really cool because the the you know the race goes from Nest to come the niskan marathon and the train runs along the same route sometimes right next to the runners so you can follow the race and jump on and off the train at different points along the Route and actually catch up with the whoever you're following several times which is really really awesome and the route is really magnificent and beautiful going along the water the whole time almost very very nice and of course if you want to see a little bit from my race and maybe even catch up with me more on a daily basis you should definitely follow me on Instagram there's a link in the description my Instagram I post almost daily stories from my training my life anyway that's the back story uh so it's been a journey for me um I wanted to run a marathon for a long while and now I finally got around to doing it so my preparations in towards this Marathon was mediocre I would say not optimal but you know who who has an optimal build up ever you know it's it's there's always always something but I I had a an injury in my groin AB region this summer I couldn't I had some time off and I couldn't build the the base that I wanted for the marathon obviously I wanted to go sub three just because that's like a big awesome goal and I'm you know certain that I will one day uh well I guess I gave away now that I didn't go sub three we'll get to that I didn't but I wanted to go sub three at that point and I thought you know maybe building a very solid base of approximately pushing towards 90 or 100K per week for me I think that's what it takes for me to run that sort of time and to be ready for a marathon so that's what I wanted to do but I couldn't do that this summer so I ended up running lower volume and not getting the perfect build up and then when I started the actual Marathon specific training of course then I would say it went pretty well I did a lot of long runs I had to prioritize the long runs I didn't get to do two quality sessions a week like I wanted mainly because I wanted to continue building my volume and I couldn't just suddenly build my volume and you know do lots of quality training so I focused on that one long run a week with some marathon pace in it Etc I built it up progressively I feel like the last eight weeks of my training was really great leading into the marathon and also during the build up I was probably the busiest that I've ever been in my life because in addition to training and I had a lot of work working as a running coach which of course I loved doing that during this period in addition to that I had to spend a lot of time and a lot of physical and mental energy and a lot of stress preparing for my tiny house there was a lot of preparations to do a lot of stuff to fix and get done so it was a constant non-stop hamster wheel for like two months before the race which sort of drained me for for for mental and emotional and physical energy and I didn't have the recovery I needed so the whole buildup was compromised to a large extent and I'm not blaming that for my performance but it probably does have some of the blame to be honest right so just that's just something to keep in the back of your mind when you're sort of hearing my story now and something that I consider well you know I'm learning always always learning and I knew that this was not going to be optimal for me in this build up but again I've sort of now learned again that hey recovery is super important and you cannot you know burn the candle in both ends isn't that what they say I think that's what I did now but I didn't have a choice and I was happy doing it so that's just how it was this time around and as we were approaching the marathon date I was of course very much thinking about what pace I should run and I was testing out different paces and I found consistently during those last few weeks that 415 per kilometer which is sub three didn't feel you know it's it's not easy of course but it should have felt pretty sustainable if I was going to run that as a marathon pace it didn't feel that sustainable to be honest it's you know last year I ran a 128 half marathon that's like 411 per kilometer so I wasn't doubting whether I would be able to hold 415 for 21 kilometer maybe even 30k but to do it for the full Marathon I was I was unsure and it was you know unchartered territory for me the marathon so I was sort of leaning more towards probably going for a pace around 420 425 per kilometer which is around 303 to 306 and when the day approached I saw that well actually there's not only the fact that I feel most comfortable with 420 to 425 per K but it's also the fact that it was warm the forecast it said it would be up to like 22 23 degrees Celsius which is fairly warm for a runner and that made me sort of think well I should probably err on the side of caution and be more conservative so I I went for a 306 that was my goal a 306 which is like 425 per k i I had a week to just acclimatize a little bit get a little bit used to the heat uh you know it wasn't like hot but it was warm for a runner and then then the date approached and and it was time to go I felt good waking up on race day felt great actually you know got my gear ready got on my running clothes have not had my breakfast you know oatmeal banana sugar some tea and then then I got out and got ready to run oh my God oh my God the forecast was showing 25 degrees I think for the day which is there was a heat wave essentially it was even in the new Sarah Norway the whole area down in France and Southern the Mediterranean had a heat wave when I was running a marathon and just I'm not great at tolerating heat I'm really not I've struggled with it in the past I see my heart rate Skyrocket when I'm training in the Heat and I'm okay with it in the summer just for like easy runs I I kind of like it but for Quality sessions and for performance it's definitely not good for me to do training in the Heat or racing in the heat and I've had experiences with that in past back in 2018 I ran a 146 half marathon my debut half marathon and then like six weeks later I ran a 133 on a hilly course in Oslo on a cool day so pretty huge difference there probably mostly due to the heat honestly and by the way if you're still listening to this long debrief on my Marathon then thank you please keep listening if you want to I I'd love to have you with me here I appreciate you if you haven't subscribed of course you should subscribe and anyway let's keep going so I started my race felt good past my parents at 1K waved to them said you know I'm I'm going I'm it's beginning and and then I just found and settled in and found my pace around 425 per k elt great it was fun it was good the day was still fairly cool maybe 16 degrees Celsius 17 Maybe and I was just cruising along um found my groove and enjoyed myself and looking back at my Pace I ran really really steady Pace Paces for those first kilometers for the first 15 to 20K even I was just clocking more or less 425 maybe a little bit faster for 23 424 every single kilometer just running very steady economical felt good I peaked at my heart rate though 190. I have a Max of 205 that 425 Pace during training was more like 175 heart rate now I was having a 190 heart rate so I was like well the heat was starting to heat up already 18 19 degrees Celsius the sun was coming up starting to heat up but you know I felt like it should be sustainable it is sustainable I thought I kept going at 425 came to pass my parents again at 15K and waited them and said I'm feeling great it's going great I'm I'm and my leg isn't hurting I had a calf issue so that was that was fine I told him that and I passed here's a little video clip from that uh first passing [Music] [Applause] it then I you know there was a little bit of back and forth and around this building and then and then headed out on a flat stretch we're probably now at like 17 or 18K and you're heading out on a long like three kilometer long stretch of road along a beach in the and the sun was just coming around the corner sort of hitting me from the front now and the temperature had soared within like 10 15 20 minutes I think the temperature just suddenly it felt extremely warm and the sun was there and I was starting already to struggle maintaining my 425 base I saw it climbing up towards 430 which is more like 309 and I was like well that's okay I can I can go for a sub 310 which was my sort of my be gold I go for sub 3 10. but that struggle to maintain the pace just kept getting worse within just two or three kilometers and bear in mind we're just now at the half marathon Mark I passed the half marathon 133 spot on pacing for you know 306. happy to see that but I was I knew at that point that I couldn't sustain it and again and I've run a half marathon at 128 last year I'm pretty certain that I can run or that I could in this period of time run a half marathon in like 126 at least maybe 25 even maybe 24 I don't know but like definitely 126 and I should theoretically be fine for that pace for a marathon but I was not and I'm blaming the heat I mean I don't know other there could be other factors right like I obviously have a lot of theoretical knowledge about the marathon probably more than most people I mean I'm I'm a complete and after running geek I've read everything on on it almost and I can constantly coach people and help people running marathons and and stuff but I didn't have my personal experience with the race of course so I can't say whether well at that point I didn't know whether that pace would be would we work for my body right because everyone has a different body and the the composition of fast switch was a slow twitch fibers Etc you know that's up for you know debate you know what kind of body do I have you don't really know until you're tested to its limits and I've always you know thought that maybe I'm more of a fast switch guy because I was always faster than all the other kids as a as a kid and a teenager faster than everyone sprinting without him trying no no spring training I just I was just faster than everyone which sort of tells me well that sort of tells me I maybe have some fast switch genetics which wouldn't be great for running long distance running certainly not a marathon but my training was okay though I trained well and so well who knows could be a factor there we know with fat burning and glycogen storage and all that stuff but I think honestly maybe mainly it's it's the Heat I just I know I tolerate heat poorly the heart rate was just insane um 190 195 at one point I think in this Pace that normally would elicit a heart rate of like 175 180 for me and training just like two weeks earlier in cool conditions so anyway that's my excuse I guess but it is a valid excuse that's that's why I collapsed because that's what happened after 21k I was passing my parents again at like 23k and I told them I'm struggling bad um it's so hot here's the video clip when I'm passing them and I'm shouting in Norwegian I'm struggling uh it's hot hello [Applause] all right so at this point I'm thinking three sub 310 I can't see that happening but I am not quitting that was just not an option the only thing that can make me quit a race I it's gonna be you know injury like actual real injury or a dangerous medical situation right so uh suffering pain extreme fatigue no way that I'm gonna let that stop me and of course that's hard to Bear when I'm out there because all I want to do is quit not really but you know my body tells me stop start walking stop sit down and then just tell yourself no no I'm going to run another half marathon you know in this heat and so the heat was getting worse and worse in hindsight I think the temperature hit like 25 or even 26 degrees Celsius in the shade and then you're in the Sun which you know probably makes it something like 30 degrees or something like that so pretty serious heat um on my Marathon debut so unfortunately but you know that made me harder I guess like it made me tougher I feel like that now like like it was it was uh it was a win I don't feel like it was a loss it was a win because I even though I ran slower than I planned I I persevered and I I've suffered my way through it so you know then towards 25k or something I was forced to walk a little bit really forced like I don't I don't want to walk in a marathon I don't think I've ever almost walked in any race but it was just impossible not to walk I needed to walk there were some hills pretty serious Hills I walked the hills and and then started running in walk run walk run downhill couldn't really accelerate in downhill even legs were tired but they were okay it was more of this overwhelming fatigue like I could not generate any energy I couldn't I couldn't move I was completely done and so I I just kept fighting I kept taking my nutrition my sugar my I drank lots of water at the aid stations every two and a half K actually I was doing everything right and but my body just was not having it I was not going to be able to run so I just gave up on the sort of the time goals and I just you know thought about well I'm just going to finish I'm going to finish and so I struggled my way through the kilometers one by one I tried not keep thinking about what's coming or what's left I just thought about where I am now and just keep running just keep running walking a little bit running a little bit walking a little bit so I ended up doing like a walk run kind of thing eventually just walking some running some walking some running some when I passed my parents at about 32k I was broken I was really fighting here's a clip of me passing my parents and passing my dad over there in the corner and he waves me on and tells me go go and usually make it go get to the finish line and then my mom ran alongside me and I told her oh my God I'm struggling it's horrible and she said you know you can do it you can do it keep going [Applause] I got ah she won't matter at some point towards the end the 330 Pacers passed me and I was like 3 30 oh my God that's like 20 25 minutes behind my time goal but a good you know a good limit to get under so I was like I'm going to do it I'm going to get under 3 30. so I I jumped on that group actually was just a few people in that group I jumped on and I fought to stay with them I couldn't I I mean I was three kilometers from the finish at this point you'd think that I would just it would just be a thing of you know like mental toughness just just do it just do it I don't feel like that's that that's what it was I I wasn't able to stay with them I just I was forced to walk again um and like that it went on and then eventually at like 2K left or one and a half K left or something I was like oh my God I'm so close to 3 30. I have to I I and I forced myself together with one other guy I was behind him and we just we fought and I know he was fighting too because I could hear his grunting and and he you know his steps were heavy and we were able to maintain like sub five minutes okay pace for the last couple of kilometers which interestingly is like my easy Pace well actually you know five minutes per K is like my the high end I guess of my easy Pace like actual really easy Pace but at this point I was like working hard to maintain that pace really hard harder than I've ever worked almost um and I got in at 3 30 14. 14 seconds too late for sub 330 which is kind of annoying but you know no big deal irrelevant um I finished I did it I I got to the Finish Line it was a magnificent moment to be able to stop running and you know just tell myself it's okay now I can walk for the first two three minutes though as I was walking down the aisle there I was like in pain I was like moaning and just it was just oh it was just horrible felt horrible eventually I met my parents there they were on the side of the aisle and they did a little post race interview with me uh asked me how it went and I gave them my answers in Norwegian I'll put it here even though it's in Norwegian I'll make some simple subtitles maybe just to show you what I'm talking about but it's you can sort of understand it's just from looking at me I think so here's the clip hello so there are okay all right okay foreign finally got to sit down and have a few bananas get some more water um and then you know limp my way almost to the train station and head back to miss via train being a complete train wreck myself so that's the marathon that's what went down it was you know my overarching feeling was the feeling of satisfaction and accomplishment just finishing that brutal distance in a time that's you know objectively speaking respectable of course 330 it's still very fast compared to you know most Runners and certainly finishing in the top 30 20 of the race I I wonder if I think it was even the top 12 to be honest um which of course I should be happy with but you know running isn't about objective times you shouldn't really measure yourself against others right so um for me at my level it is a kind of a disappointment to run that sort of time right because I know that I'm good for much faster and I will do that next time hopefully we'll see we'll see maybe the marathon isn't isn't for me I don't know we'll see we'll see but I think I think so uh and anyway so so yeah so there was disappointment there too I was certainly feeling that disappointment of running 330 when I wanted to run 306 and honestly sort of feeling like I need to run 259 to be um a good runner which just of course is nonsense but there's some truth to it as well though I mean I I put in a lot of effort I'm very focused and I do feel kind of like you know I I should be running maybe faster but then again you know a marathon and then in the Heat and and it's a new distance for me so yeah I'm happy with it although there is some disappointment involved too but maybe that's just how most races are for most people most of the time sometimes you have a really great race like my half marathon last year you can check out my video from that right here but yeah so anyway I you know I was very fortunate and grateful to have my parents there with me that they supported me and they followed me along the course it was a great atmosphere lots of cool people happy Runners other people struggling just like me of course um the marathon is hard for everyone and it was just overall a really really good experience and I was happy just to to be able to to run the race so that's that well that's a long video almost like a podcast episode or something like that so yeah I'm looking at my awesome tiny house now and I'm I'm feeling accomplished honestly I have my house on an awesome Farm the Family Farm here you'll get a tour soon and and I'm a marathoner what more can you ask for so I'm very satisfied in that regard I'm excited to well to get my house in order here and to start diving into more work coaching work I love it I have lots of plans I have an ebook that's you know still not haven't been able to launch that ebook it's actually finished 100 I just need to launch it and get my website ready and stuff so that's hopefully just around the corner I've been saying that for like a year though but you know I think so I hope so um so I'm excited about all those things but also training I'm just excited to get back into training I have my eyes set on a 10K next spring we'll definitely tackle a marathon again I I don't know if I'll do a marathon next year maybe but I probably should but I'm also kind of keen on doing a 5K and a 10K and a half marathon maybe I'll do all of them a marathon as well could be an interesting interesting year I guess yeah so that's it that's my update thanks for watching I I will get back into regular videos as well that's another thing that I want to do but it's just you know life there's just you can't do everything all the time so that's that but I'm I'm I'm my intention is to get really serious about the videos again and so I hope to have you with me for that leave a comment let me know about your Marathon if you watch the whole video let me know in the comments because I don't think that many people do watch the whole video it's a bit long but um please leave a comment if you do and and tell me about your Marathon if you've run one how that went um any thoughts on my Marathon please go ahead and share them and of course check out my social media my my Instagram my Strava there's links in the description and stay tuned for more videos coming soon alright thank you so much um see you around bye [Music] | Lone Endurance | UC4rEdbZdSOB7cEqijDKnRlg | 2022-11-27 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 4,595 | 22,727 |
W61VFsvgAiA | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W61VFsvgAiA | Prime Minister Trudeau's message on Remembrance Day | hello everyone generation after generation canadians have served and sacrificed as members of the armed forces and today we honor the brave women and men in uniform who serve and defend our country now and throughout our history we pay tribute to our veterans to those who've been injured in the line of duty and to all of those who've made the ultimate sacrifice for our freedom our peace and our democracy we owe so much to those who bravely serve to our veterans to the fallen and to the families who love and support them they are parents siblings and friends and every day generation after generation they have stepped up and put their lives at risk to make our country more prosperous secure and free and the past year and a half has been no different in the middle of the covet 19 pandemic members of the canadian armed forces once again answered the call of duty risking their safety for the good of others time and time again they show us the meaning of service and sacrifice and we know there is more to do to support them too like ensuring the leadership and the culture of our canadian armed forces are worthy of the extraordinary women and men who choose to serve so this november like everyone before we will show our gratitude and respect for their courage by holding them close to our hearts in the form of a poppy and on the 11th hour we will honor the depths of their sacrifice with a moment of silence for those who were lost both today and yesterday we will take the time to remember lest we forget | Justin Trudeau – Prime Minister of Canada | UCyvEONnqE2Krm9Zi0LVvGmA | 2021-11-11 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 282 | 1,518 |
sy9Jb4akIjc | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sy9Jb4akIjc | Kali singing fuck the bitch, Its me && My step sister Jenna coveys song | caught [ __ ] no [ __ ] this is me and jana kabhi song here I go have a special woman to make your heart skip a beat him so crazy in love you're telling everybody that she's your life your I know so your baby girl but just the dollars are doing to you in this world song say [ __ ] the [ __ ] I don't need the [ __ ] I'm gonna live life to the fullest and I have no regrets so [ __ ] the [ __ ] I'll need this [ __ ] I'm gonna smoke we feel like it's a chick so [ __ ] the [ __ ] I'll need the [ __ ] I'm gonna do that to the fullest and I have no regrets so [ __ ] the [ __ ] I don't need this [ __ ] I'm gonna smoke we feel like the chick and the role of your relationship you realize everything she said to you was just her lies and now you're far from broken and they seem so strange never leave that the girl of your dreams today that's dhoop ek nemishe you wanna say [ __ ] the [ __ ] I don't need this [ __ ] I'm gonna let you the fullest and I have no regrets oh [ __ ] the [ __ ] [ __ ] those love to feel like such it so [ __ ] [ __ ] I don't need the [ __ ] I'm gonna live that you love fullest and I have no regrets oh [ __ ] [ __ ] I don't need this [ __ ] I'm gonna smoke me feel like [ __ ] oh yeah | Kaliann Marie. | UCyEtBXJKfvfqr6ZdgPB7LMA | 2012-04-10 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 243 | 1,483 |
alu0EseXHH8 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=alu0EseXHH8 | Homecoming Dancers at Shindig on the Green | foreign all the ladies take a backpack the outside around you go meet that partner book ran right and left swaying your partner and Promenade never get them around that promise we'll join hands one and all go into the middle and Away you go say how to hit and come on back and let the hammer down they'll lead couple Odd Couple out right foreign but not too far hold left hand left and swing that corner and swing your honey don't you know an Odd Couple moving on one more time and swirl up gonna get all around all the way back Circle right well that odd lady burning in the cage three hands around the birdian cage buzzer to hop in put them over in and around you go well the buzzer and out swing your corner and swing at party don't you know Odd Couple moving on one more time going left all the way back turn to the right swinging on the gate and swing your partner don't be late and Promenade to the way you go and Promenade and lead them to a line way up front here yeah come on up weddings are you good Promenade to align don't you know everybody turn and face that audience we'll call out the different dance teams that come up do a little book dancing for you so Appalachian Mountaineers and the Great Smoky Mountains and the Green Valley cloggers and the folk Heritage committee Appalachian Mountaineers that y'all no you've already been get up there I've got to mix up order here the southern Appalachian Florida and come on back last but not least Cold Mountain cloggers you may have seen them on television yesterday morning everybody come on up front and everybody Take a Bow and swing your partner around and around head couple Promenade the way you go lead them home take that honey two by two in a random go a little bit of healing a little bit cold man hope you go homecoming dancers and the Stony Creek boys foreign | ShindigontheGreenAVL | UCV_wf-9DBbrvis9UChbhksA | 2013-07-03 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 349 | 1,834 |
6W2D9T1erfQ | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6W2D9T1erfQ | The Peach Cancer Diaries ep. 5 | hello and welcome friends and family and strangers and other people in the cancer Community today is a very special day I know I've been missing in action a little bit but it's because I've been really busy behind the scenes trying to pull some things together um with the soft launch of this YouTube channel and then also um raising awareness for um this cancer here we have look we have stickers that came in uterine adenosarcoma of the uterus wait what do I have again oh stickers upside down there we go um overgrowth and today is our national September 30th rare Cancer Day what check it out here we go we're gonna be talking about some quick issues uh concerning rare diseases in our country and there will be sensitive topics so if you feel triggered at any moment please step aside while we open up discussions to have um you know bring awareness to the table for say it with me uterine adenosarcoma wait with sarcomatist overgrowth this is the type of cancer that I have and I'm currently have a B12 deficiency that I just found out about I get 18 injections over the next uh seven weeks to help with this deficiency we're trying to figure out if it's anemia or what those other health issues moving on let's talk about uh rare cancers a lot a lot of times with rare cancers they're uh misdiagnosed they take a longer diagnosis to even discover um my diagnosis took seven months uh let's see you know um let's see a rare disease in this country as defined by cancer.gov affects fewer than 200 000 people uh Nord which is the organization for rare diseases they have 7 000 rare diseases listed seven thousand rare diseases no that's not all those are just you know cancer related they're also you know other diseases as well but let's talk about how rare this is right here this bird because I have to be my own patient advocate because there's so few of us it's very hard um to find others with this diagnosis so our networking is very very limited um we're I had a lot of issues with accessing funds for care because currently right now um this cancer subtype um with the core prognosis of the sarcomatist overgrowth is with of adenosarcoma is currently not recognized by um by Nord so I'm working on that to help advocate for other women and myself um to get this disease first of all just recognized sorry Nord I used the black and white zebra ribbon and I'm not sure if it's any rarer than this so when you Google how many women uh are affected with uh this cancer or uterine sarcomas in general every year 65 000 women will get diagnosed with a rare or with a gynecological or uterine cancer out of those kind of kind of gynecological and uterine cancers 12 550 of them will be uterine sarcomas which is a type of form that I have and then let's break it down even further out of and I'm not sure if this is how the statistics work um because I'm just I can't even find the information so I have to figure it out and make like not make it up but come to the best conclusion based on just the random research I can do on the internet uh because there is real no uh statistics we don't know how many people have this cancer it's just very few and far between so point six percent will be uterine adenosarcomas out of that 12 550. and with the sarcomatous overgrowth A S Plus s o or the the letter abbreviations for this cancer point two point two percent of the population out of all the uterine sarcomas get diagnosed with this rare cancer so that brings me to the fact that even with correct diagnosis it could be anywhere between something like 25 women per year to like a hundred might be diagnosed with this rare cancer I mean this is rare people and I also want to um because of its Rarity science really needs our help not only do we need it to help each other in future women with this disease uh because we can't get science to progress without tissue samples so I've personally made the decision to donate my body to science postmortem as I've mentioned before I am an advocate for this because research and everything can't progress without tissue samples right just meat suit you know whatever so whatever like let's talk about some struggles that women with uh rare cancers face we face um lack of funding we Face port excuse me we face um poor nutrition because uh it's hard to find um you know I've been applying for different AIDS and financial assistance um but it's hard to get because I'm not an active chemotherapy but because this cancer is so nuanced and so rare I have to travel pretty far from where I live so um the point is if you have the ability or the courage in your heart to donate to science if you do suffer from a rare cancer I other people would really really appreciate that in scientists laughs so but uterine adenosarcoma we so I need help finding other women that have this disease so it's hard to network it's hard to find our community and bring us together due to its Rarity um you know it's just everything makes it harder because it's rare and it's a peach uterine cancer it is a peach cancer with the Peach ribbing um so I have designed a bunch of stickers to help raise awareness this weekend I will be having a booth to raise awareness for this Peach ribbons stickers will be available um coming soon um you can also give over uh Diaries on Instagram which is bringing awareness to living life with rare uterine cancers or just uterine cancer in general um stickers are available for five dollars a piece while I continue to work on this progress uh one thing that I would like to see changed in the healthcare system and I will post and pay this until I'm blue in the breath until somebody hears me is we need to start paying more attention to the lower half of women's bodies there are seven different types of uh gynecological and uterine cancers um gosh I just feel like I go around in circles like saying this stuff um but that's the point of raising awareness because hopefully it will stop the circle for other people who are you know doing this big loop around can I find help where is the financial assistance who else knows about this disease how what is what is the most information I can find about this particular cancer uh how many case individual case studies have there been um why have there only been individual case studies you know that's because of its Rarity so for us not to be able to get together and somehow connect to create a stronger you know because we're stronger together as you know Nord says about rare diseases and rare cancers in general so we need to start uterine screenings where all women in the United States of America you're watching president congressman hi my name is Christina ultrasound uterine screenings need to start happening for women at least by the age of 24. pap smears don't do anything I mean they'll tell you if you have abnormal cells but even then it's only been approved from one like being you know three years to five years so and a lot can happen in between you know five years as I've mentioned in previous videos anyway we need to change we need to be the change we have to have voices heard there's just no other way you know it will save so much money if we you know and lives you know but if you're talking to major corporations in the healthcare industry we should talk in dollars and not lives I don't know somebody hear me hi yep anyway um there's also funding disparages uh uterine cancer ranks 14 out of 18 for funding and they do this based on the morbidity rate uh so we're severely underfunded uh and um you know we matter like I'm a person it's very frustrating at times you know uh to have a rare disease to have a rare cancer um but you know we have to push through that and we have to keep going so for me let's hope the best is just to continuing to be a patient advocate to educate and bring knowledge to others um you know so I have a vitamin B12 deficiency right now I'm going to switch this more to like the diary part than uh rare rare disease day rare Cancer Day you know uh access to nutrition is really important you know um I'm getting these B12 injections you know which we only found out uh because of a different blood work test even though my B12 was showing up normal on the test um my blood work for a long time I've been you know having constant problems uh with like fatigue mental health issues if you guys have you know seen me around in the last like few six months um problems with my gate uh you know which hopefully these vitamin B12 deficiency will address all these issues and it's not some anything anything more serious such as this weird anemia or some other autoimmune disorder so let's hope it's just a vitamin B12 deficiency let's bring some uh because you know it's good to stay positive um but yes so not looking forward to it but it must be done but that's why I've you know access to food like I've been working on trying to get food food stamps since August 19th I have I'm disabled with a stage four terminal illness and I cannot for the life of me get good nutrition or food stamps um to help pay for the rising costs of food and the reason nutrition is so important and having everything in place for cancer patients in their body is because we don't know if we're gonna have to go back into active treatment like right now we're called what's on like maintenance treatment or extended treatment where I go down once every three months um for my CT CT scans and MRIS so that extended treatment you don't really apply for get much money for travel expenses there's a lack of funding there um but if our bodies are not in proper levels of nutrition and we have to go back either into radiation chemo uh have the no evidence of disease go back into recurrence our bodies need to be at 100 operating level in order to go into these types of heavy treatments for cancer so I really really hope in the next three months until my next scan that um this will fix the B12 will fix things that it will I will still have a good scan coming up in December and that my nutrition can get back on board so I've been working really hard to get all these social media accounts linked um for the peach cancer Diaries um and things of that sort on Instagram and YouTube uh to voice advocacy for uh rare Cancers and rare cancers and women disparages in the Health Care system so um but I also have to take care of myself you know and I've been working on um I've had a lot of donations recently I'll be having uh an art Booth uh today to raise and tomorrow at a fall festival to raise awareness um stickers are five dollars each if you want to help donate towards the cause I can mail a sticker to you um these little guys are two for one you know if you want a uterine adenosarcoma sticker with sarcomas overgrowth these are also five dollars um I accept donations um I'm willing to open up conversations and talk to philanthropists uh about what you know people with rare cancers need like you know to be closer to their hospitals or to have permanent lodging in New York where I have to go because this disease is so rare um but it's hard it cancer costs a lot a lot of money on top of normal everyday expenses and with this inflation it's just you know I'm doing the best I can and to make ends meet while raising awareness but I'm working really hard and I don't have a real job because I'm an advocate so any donations uh sticker purchases please go give this page a like and a follow please go check out uh the peach Diaries over on Instagram where we will have um demo links for sticker purchases you can DM me over there at Peach cancer Diaries on Instagram um so we can try to make a difference and as uh let's see I don't know if you love Maya Angelou has much as I do but I'm sure there's lots of fans of hers out there and one of my favorite quotes by her is uh where is it hold on one second I have to get it right hi I'm back okay these are two of my favorite quotes by Maya Angelou because I just want to end off on a good note for rare Cancer Day 2022 um so do the best you can until you know better then when you know better do better Maya Angelou and if that isn't really the sentiment in tone of what it means to be a rare cancer patient a rare cancer advocate to Bringing awareness then I don't know what is she really man I love her she's so inspirational this is another good quote by her too I'm convinced of this good done anywhere is good done everywhere for a change start by speaking to people rather than walking by them like stones that don't matter as long as you're breathing it's never too late to do some good don't walk past us people with rare cancers thank you for watching I appreciate everybody who has donated the Vintage art um so I would like to thank um family members uh the places near me local towns and their art sales who have donated out their archives I've been having a lot of fun getting ready for this Festival this weekend um so I've been not walking past the old art like they don't matter from this vintage art from the 70s and 60s and repurposing them and finding out the Arts Story by salvaging them and putting them in new frames has been really really fun because when you pull off the back of an old art to put in a new frame you never know what you're gonna find and it's been so pretty some pretty cool fun treats so I'm excited for this weekend um please uh you know I am reaching my 42nd birthday very soon which the answer is for all you uh Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy fans the real meaning of life isn't 42 but yes so yes to life cheers lakayam um do better we can do better let's do this you know stronger together peace and love thank you bye | Peaches En Regalia | UCggYpkcaH1oYmeoX02ZwfvQ | 2022-09-30 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 2,618 | 13,676 |
K8oapcrzj9I | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K8oapcrzj9I | Chem 8- Acids and bases | - I want to talk about the concept of pH. pH is a measure-- well, when you think of pH you probably think of acids and bases. Right? Of course you do. So, we're going to look-- now, pH is an extremely important characteristic or quality or descriptor in a system because it tells you essentially the concentration of hydrogen ions in a system. Now, the more hydrogen ions you have, the more acidic your substance is. So acids have a lot of hydrogen ions and bases don't have as many hydrogen ions, and this is all relative. Do you remember that picture that I drew you? It wasn't a picture. I drew you a chemical reaction. Hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions and we can go back and forth and we make water. This reaction right here is actually happening all the time in all watery systems. We're bouncing around from hydrogen ions and hydroxides to water back to hydrogens and hydroxides. If you have a bunch of these guys in a system, you're going to have an acidic system. If you don't have very many, you're going to have a basic system. Now, who cares? Like, why? Nobody cares. This is wild, and this is the magic of chemistry. For some reason the hydrogen ion-- and this is why it's relevant in living systems-- for some reason, the hydrogen ion messes with protein structure. We're going to look at protein structure. We're going to build proteins. DNA, found in the nucleus of all your cells, is used to build proteins, and proteins are the machines in your body that do all the work. Here I go. Look at me go. That's all proteins. Doing work to make me do all these crazy things. Crazy. If you have a substance that messes with that, you are going to end up with funkiness, like whackadoozlicalness, and you're going to get sick. Sorry. I don't want you to get sick. Your blood has a super, narrow pH range that you need to stick in. You have to have the exactly proper amount concentration of hydrogen ions. Okay, so, what is that amount? Well, here's the thing. Atoms are hard to count. Do you have sense of that? That an atom, like, okay, is it one hydrogen ion makes something acidic? Is it 10 hydrogen ions that make something acidic? No, it's a mole, or a part of a mole. Okay. So, stick with me here. We talk about atom quantities in moles. So one mole, of anything, is equal to 6.02 x 10 to the 23rd anythings, just like one dozen is equal to 12 anythings. I can have a dozen donuts and you know-- oh man, that makes me, like, drool just thinking about it. I would love to have a dozen donuts right now, and you would know, dude, she's got 12 donuts right there and let's take some bets on how fast she's going to eat them and I'm going to say, dude, that'll be about 10 seconds and they're all going to be gone because that's how good a dozen donuts sound to me. I could have a mole of donuts. How many donuts would I have? 602 sextillion. I'm actually going to write that out for you because I can't help it. 602-- that's 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23 zeroes. What? No. That's so crazy. That's a big number. If I had a mole of donuts, they would-- oh my gosh. Wouldn't that be a fun, fast fact? How many buildings would I need to hold a mole of donuts? I think they would cover the whole planet, and they probably would engulf the whole planet and go miles into the air if I really did-- oh my gosh. That would be a fantastic math problem. Somebody knock yourself out and then report back. How big would my pile of donuts be if I had a mole of donuts? A mole, one mole of hydrogen ions, is one gram, which is basically a paper clip. That alone should tell you, like, dude, atoms are so small. Okay, why do we care? Well, we care because if we're going to talk about pH, we have to talk about concentration of hydrogen atoms, hydrogen ions, and concentration is the number of particles of something in a volume of a solution. So, particles of-- we call it a solute-- and the hydrogen ions are the solute, and what do you think the solvent is? It's water. So if we want to know the pH of something, we have to know how many hydrogen ions there are in a volume of solution. And I will tell you right now that we measure that in molarity. So the molarity of a solution, for example, a one molar solution is one mole of particles in one liter of solution. So a molar solution of, say, hydrochloric acid, has a mole, 602 sextillion hydrochloric acid particles, in a liter of water. A two molar solution is going to have two moles of particles. Now we could say let's measure something in a dozen molarity and then that would be how many dozen particles are in a liter of solution and, if we were measuring the donut-- I'm not even going to try and carry my analogy on. I should stop thinking about donuts because I have more lectures to do tonight before I'm finished and then I'm stopping at the donut store guaranteed. Okay, molarity, yeah, yeah, yeah, because molarity is how we're going to measure our hydrogen ion concentration. I want to talk about the pH. I want to talk about the pH of-- what is pH and what is the pH scale? So I'm going to carry this over to the next little lecture where now you're going to have to use the molarity of a solution in terms of the molarity of hydrogen ions and then we're going to see what is pH in the first place, or the second place or the third place. | Wendy Riggs | UC-yQpFb89u7qb-duWMZvoog | 2014-12-17 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | detection | en | 1,032 | 5,358 |
0WGDbuQbnhY | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0WGDbuQbnhY | Macron’s Lame Attempt to BUY OFF Yellow Vest Protesters!!! | all right never but Macross ridiculously lame attempt to buy off yellow vest up risers and why it won't work that's what we'll be talking about on today's video quick shout out to all of our new viewers I can't thank you enough for being here I post two videos a day analyzing current events and lighted some really awesome conservative trends we're gonna get into those in a second so if you would please smack that Bell and subscribe button we are on our countdown to a hundred thousand subs and it'd be an absolute privilege to have you as one of them all right so now with his political career in peril and the future of globalist Europe and doubt the French president Manuel mackerel tried he tried to quell the yellow vest uprising which this past Saturday involved well over a hundred thousand people as I'm sure you all know macro attempted to quell this uprising by addressing the French nation last night in doing so it seems that he actually revealed more than he perhaps intended to he delivered a pre-taped address on television that many are arguing actually differed significantly from his original dismissal the demonstrators a few weeks back when he referred to them as thugs right they were nothing but thugs which was in many ways mackerels basket of deplorable x' moment and make no mistake that had those words had consequences is publicly declaring the yellow vest demonstrators as thugs led to the police authorities using over-the-top violent measures to crush the upper Attica to crush the rebellion right which of course neither they are macro could so over the course of four weeks now the uprising has grown to proportions that Mackrell couldn't have imagined in his worst nightmares and now his political career is in jeopardy and so Mac Kron did what every politician who's in trouble does he tried to buy off the demonstrators you see this is why I don't think he's changed I don't think he's being contrite as many commentators have said he still thinks they're thugs and thugs can be bought off Mac crow got on television encouraged companies to give their workers bonuses he promised to enact tax cuts he pledged that he would raise the minimum wage and abolish taxes on overtime pay starting on January 1st he promised to scrap a tax hike on pensioners these indeed were significant concessions no doubt I mean a number of the demonstrators voiced reforms for just such as these and yet given that Mike Ross absolutely no intention slowing down the globalists enterprise that he has planned for France and for the whole of Europe the truth is that these measures are just an attempt to shut these thugs up its mackerels attempt to buy his political future back nothing more but as it turns out it's not going to work and it's not going to work because even if we were to give macron the benefit the doubt even if we were to assume that Matt Cohen was trying to make things right his promises would still be little more than band-aid solutions to societal problems that are more akin to compound fractures all he's doing is sweeping the deck of a sinking ship Matt crawl unveiled no radical changes no major shifts in policy quite the contrary he absolutely reaffirmed his globalist commitment to France in the whole of Europe and the EU super state and that's why his speech was greeted with so much skepticism immediately protesters complained that Matt crawls supposed solutions were merely cosmetic and there were already calls for new rounds of protest for as early as today Tuesday macro appears to be making the same kind of mistake that so many analysts are making he believes that this societal unrest can be resolved solely through economic means pay the people off they go home happy and the whole thing is done but that is emphatically not what is going on here certainly not in France nor in the whole of Europe you can't you just can't reduce problems to mere economics and think that a bit of tinkering here or there is going to do it that's just not going to work anymore not according to the data that we have what Matt crawl and his ilk don't get is that the nationalist populist uprisings going on in Europe began long before the 2008 economic crisis long before populist movements enjoyed their greatest successes and nations that were already experiencing rather strong economic growth long before 2008 for example in Britain Nigel Farage and his self-proclaimed People's Army first stormed the political stage in the European Parliament elections back in 2004 and that was after 48 consecutive periods of economic growth drawing tremendous support from rather affluent conservatives and in terms of the working-class one study found that before the 2008 economic crisis working-class voters were twice as likely as their middle-class counterparts to vote for national populous and Austria three times as likely in Belgium and France and four times as likely in Norway and that's precisely what we saw when it came to the last election in France marine lepen won an overwhelming majority in a single electoral demographic and that was the working class the very people who were donning yellow vests throughout the entire nation of Europe and beyond now of course in other words though workers made up about half of the electorate they delivered two-thirds of their votes to the national populace particularly in France this is emphatically not merely an economic issue that macron could throw a few euros at and think it all go away really at the heart of this uprising this growing sense more and more that that the elites in charge of all of our political economic media and educational institutions they operate and govern according to their own interests which are emphatically not the interests the common people the populace and when they try to make their voices heard the populace they simply feel like they're no one among the elite is listening to them they certainly don't feel listened to by their politicians but neither do they feel listened to by their corporatist globalist media who care about a whole host of issues that have nothing to do whatsoever with the concerns of the average Frenchman remember we talked about this in earlier videos when asked the question by pollsters do you believe that your politicians don't care about you or your concerns 78% French responders agreed with that statement 78% of French believe that their politicians don't care about them or their concerns this is not about economics this is fundamentally about a deeply rooted sense of disenfranchisement from the political conversation that more and more people feel they've been excluded from and one of the reasons for this is that both France and Europe's elite want to foster multicultural societies within their respective nations but the vast vast vast majority populations want nothing to do with that and again the studies are absolutely conclusive on this ninety-five percent of Dutch Brits Hungarians Germans Greeks poles and yes French ninety-five percent believe that it is either very or somewhat important that people speak the official language of their nation and the spans across political beliefs this isn't right or left and by the way it drops a bit for Americans only 90 percent of Americans believe that okay that's very important or at least somewhat important for people within their nation to speak the dominant or official language over 80 percent of French believe that sharing their nation's cultural heritage is important to being part of the national community they don't want anything to do with migrants you know predominantly Muslim enclaves that are formed throughout their cities and their various regions if you're going to be a permanent part of France than 80 percent of French believe you need to be accustomed to their language and cultural heritage now I bet we can gasp we could all take a guess who these 20% are who don't believe that they're at least the very elite that so much of the French population feels estranged from now all of this of course is to say all this is not to say that there aren't real economic issues that need to be dealt with right that's for sure again these protesters are disproportionately the victims of globalization's worldwide division of labor we're manufacturing and industrial factory jobs are shipped out to third world nations while capital and finance are relocated to urban centers and this process has left rural populations highly unemployed and that's a lot of what's going on here you have French citizens who don't have the money to live in Paris but who can't work in their rural areas because of the high unemployment that came about directly as a result of this global division of labor that Matt crawls all for and so they have to commute to the cities to work and then Matt crawls government turns around and levies all these gas taxes on them in the process I mean if you just think about of course they're gonna blow it's ridiculous they already blame their government for having shipped their manufacturing and industry jobs their factory jobs overseas to third-world countries now they want to tax them the people that have to drive cars in the cities precisely because they shipped off their jobs you know from the rural areas so they've had it they don't want anything more to do with this but the whole notion that all you have to do is throw some euros at the problem and think you've solved it like McCrone did in his speech it's just further proof that he is totally and completely removed from the basic concerns of so much of the French population macro really is a globalist he really could care less about how people are disaffected by all these grand globalist reforms he really does have the attitude let them drive Tesla's and be done with it right there's simply no evidence that he actually understands the massive tectonic shift that's been underway for several years now long before any major economic crisis and so Matt crawls concessions were all too little too late Europe is changing right from under his feet and these tectonic shifts are in many ways just getting started macro may have thought he could buy his way out of this that he could buy back his political future but in reality as it turns out the future to the populists s-- as always please like comment and subscribe click on our patreon or PayPal links below become a supporter this channel as you know we are periodically demonetised by YouTube and we can really use your help so we can continue to analyze current events in light of awesome conservative trends so you can personally and professionally flourish god bless | Dr. Steve Turley | UCCsiAKRKcgzA_372WbXNBaw | 2018-12-11 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 1,848 | 10,663 |
b0uFN8cX-vs | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b0uFN8cX-vs | Automatic Speech Recognition Update, YPP Dormant Accounts, New Permissions Level, and MORE! | hello insiders it's your host maria with this week's news flash it was so much fun doing my news flash last week thank you so much for your feedback now on to the updates viewer permission level now includes read-only access to comments as mentioned in our interview a few weeks ago with chevy duke we added a new feature to viewers permission level previously users who had been granted viewer level access to a channel have read-only view without access to the channel comments now those with viewer level access to a channel will be able to see the comments you've received but cannot perform any actions on them leave us your comments below next update 100 launch see audience interest in your youtube analytics we said we keep you updated on the progress of this new feature rolling out and we're excited to say we're at 100 creators can now learn more about their viewer interest by visiting the audience tab of youtube studio analytics this card titled other videos your audience watch can help creators identify topics for new videos titles or thumbnail ideas and collaboration opportunities the data is based on all viewers of the channel over the past seven days viewership from subs and non-subs as a reminder you may not see this feature if your channel is made for kids or your channel does not have enough information next update memberships custom emoji and comments full launch we've talked about this in a few news flashes but now all channel members can use custom emoji and video comments as well as live chat this is available on all channels with membership enabled and custom emoji uploaded next update removing dorman account from ypp you may have recently heard about channels being removed from the youtube partner program if they are below the channel eligibility threshold and haven't created new content in six months or more as ypp continues to evolve we want to make sure that we're doing what we can to support our creators who are making great content and engaging with the community and part of that is removing inactive channels from the program we recognize creators may be taking a break and encourage everyone to take the time they need we know that active creators who take time off typically come back within 6 months if a channel has been suspended it won't have any impact on their future ypp eligibility when creators are ready to start making contact again they can reapply for monetization in youtube studio once they hit subscriber and watch hours threshold next update one of the ways we help channels reach a wide audience and improve accessibility for everyone on youtube is by improving caption tools creators can manually add captions to their videos and also provide automatically generated captions youtube uses automatic speech recognition asr to automatically add captions to videos in 10 commonly spoken languages these automatically generated captions are extremely helpful for many viewers and creators who need captions and otherwise wouldn't have had them on their video but they aren't perfect they make mistakes these results in instances where the automated captions were displaying words that weren't set in the video to better avoid cases in which automatic captions incorrectly display potentially inappropriate words we are implementing a new default setting which will replace potentially inappropriate words by default with an open bracket followed by two underscores and a close bracket this setting will not affect spoken words in the audio track or captions or subtitles in the manual caption tracks and can be turned off at any time at the channel level in the youtube studio with this new automatic captioning setting it's possible to still get the convenience they offer without running the wrist that they might unintentionally offend your viewers or display potentially inappropriate words you've never set whether you leave it on or turn it off this setting does not affect your video monetization status in any way we recommend you choose a setting that is that is right for your channel and your audience while we continue to improve automatic captions and reduce its error we encourage creators to manually review and make necessary changes to their captions and whenever possible to ensure the best accuracy leave us your feedback below that is it for this week's news flash let's move on to our winner from last week's trivia the question was what was the first youtube original drumroll please the answer is scare pewdiepie shout out to chargeland for being the first to answer correctly and that is are you ready for this week's trivia question what is the most viewed youtube original film please note there is a big difference between series and films last week's question was on series this week's questions is on film first person to guess correctly in the comments we'll get a shout out in the next news flash stay safe keep it real until next time i'm your host maria | Tubbn | UC9nZ4YcEm9LTdfSXlrQaIag | 2020-09-30 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 841 | 4,957 |
lG3cxBOOLbs | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lG3cxBOOLbs | What stocks should you buy now? #shorts | stocks Elon and Twitter thank goodness Elon is in charge of Twitter so when we have to say something we can say it whether it's politics economics or the vaccine stocks Hut mining h-u-t a Bitcoin miner that has promise gbtc the Bitcoin trust trading at a substantial discount to the Bitcoin it holds Marathon digital another Bitcoin miner that was destroyed last year Galaxy digital g-l-x-y so Hut is Hut marathon is m-a-r-a Galaxy is g-l-x-y and one surprise how about meta as in Zuckerberg and friends don't give up on the metaverse there's got to be a traditional way to play The metaverse Meta | Crypto Noble | UCZEi-lEFuqPqtB5hpGHyq9g | 2023-01-22 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 106 | 597 |
M6nReF4tXcM | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M6nReF4tXcM | Bob Proctor | The 11 Forgotten Laws | hello there and welcome I'm Bob Proctor you've probably seen me in the secret well we're going to expand on the message from the secret we're gonna go beyond that do you know in the secret we talked about the law of attraction there's been two three hundred million people impacted with that message but I want to take you a little further there's eleven loss laws these eleven are laws they go along with the law of attraction I think you're gonna find rather interesting and I want to share a few thoughts with you that lead up to this and I want you to prepare for these lessons as they come out you know the author said that we should proceed to use our thinking faculty and take care that it does not use you well I think that's true do you know most people are controlled by what's going on outside they're not using their mental faculties to really control their life the author says master your mind and guide it intelligently well you know if you look at the the results of most people that's not happening people are not mastering their mind they're not using it they're not controlling their own life as you get involved in these laws each one of them brings a specific message and as you bring your mind in harmony with these laws your whole life is going to change let me continue here he said learn to think as you ought to think give your mental life to the matters that are absolutely essential to your welfare have you ever wondered why 1% of our population earns ninety six percent of all the money that's being earned do you know things are so totally out of balance that when you hear those statistics for the first time you think they can't possibly be true but they are and you know Huxley was right he said there's only one corner of the universe that we can change and that's our own self now this other said the balance of all thought two themes of beauty truth and progress in other words live with the ideal but do not neglect the practical he said aim to adjust the two and strive to be on the Oats side of what you idealize on the inside your thoughts make you and your ideals principals or ruling desires will determine your destiny now I have studied this material since 1961 October 1961 is when I really began to study this so naturally I've watched a lot of things changed i watch things change in the world I've watched the attitude of people shift and it shift primarily because we're starting to understand ourselves better we have here learn to use your powers unless you wish to be used by them make a daily effort to use the knowledge that you have gained try to improve upon all of your opinions endeavor to obtain a truer and a larger conception of each of your personal views now I have found as we start to understand this and as we start to dig into these laws that everything in our life starts to shift do you know what the laws are think about it for a moment did you really understand the law of attraction before you saw the secret do you know a lot of people saw the secret and they thought that the law of attraction just came into being that's like hearing about the law of gravity and think we just invented it yesterday the law of attraction is always been here it's based on another great law the law of vibration well you're gonna find as weakened into these seven laws I'm going to give you a short overview on each one of them and if you take the videos that you're going to get and then take each one of them and watch one every day for a week now it may take you a few weeks to go through this but let's face it you've gone all your life without understanding in another few weeks the dedicated to understanding and it's gonna make a huge difference this is a phenomenal program that you're a part of I am so pleased that I have the opportunity to dig into these laws in some depth and share them with you you know the author points out that man's problems are mental in nature they have no existence outside of themselves and it has been discovered that nearly all will yield up their solutions subjected to a broad and exact analysis you can acquire the ability by studying the law of life you know I mentioned on the secret where dr. Wernher von Braun said that the natural laws of this universe are so precise that we don't have any difficulty sending people to the moon and we contain the landing with the precision of a fraction of a second it wasn't it strange that you and go all through life and never really understand these laws and yet these laws are impacting every aspect of your life from your relationships to the health of your body to your business to your personal skills everything is based on law when we violate the law we lose when we live in harmony with the law we start to win now he said you can acquire the ability by studying the law of life and the modes of expression then by constant effort use your thinking faculty in constructive ways as you work with these laws now have a good and sound reason for all the views you hold isn't that an interesting concept think of that for a moment you'll hear people say well I believe that doctor you hear yourself saying it why do you believe it if you ever really analyzed your own belief patterns why do you believe these things as you try to find why you hold these views many of your old-time views are gonna fall to pieces form a clear and definite idea regarding your convictions as to why as you do as you do and to why as you think as you think to see most people never really ask themselves why do I believe that do you know almost all your beliefs you've inherited that's true dates way back into your genetic nature from the moment of conception your ancestors are built right into the genes and we've got a lot of ideas locked up in our mind that violate the laws of this universe and that's what's causing our problem see it's no accident that a very small select group of people live really meaningful lives if so many others are struggling all the way through their life well you're going to find as you get in involved in this program and I would encourage you to really take this serious this is serious work it's helped me are in millions of dollars build a company that operates all over the world make really meaningful friends on every continent if it's done that for me what can I do for you now keep in mind when I started to study this I only had about two months high school I had no business experience and my whole life changed like that there's so much good stuff here this author says clear and exact thinking is a very great necessity it is in fact a sure means to advancement on the mental as well as the spiritual plane now I'm gonna leave you with something here that I think is very important a line of distinction however should be drawn between mere surface thought that is ordinary trivial and commonplace thinking and real thought which is associated with the understanding of these laws with the understanding of truth the latter is deep thinking which arouses dormant powers quickens of perception and leads to the enlargement of life on all planes you see most people's thinking takes them to last night ballgame maybe the weather or who won the election what we're talking about is deep penetrating thought really dig into our mind let's figure out how we can take quantum leaps just jumps ahead rather than small incremental changes let's find out how we can turn our annual income to a monthly income like that because you can do it if I do it you can do it and I'm gonna show you how I did it and I'm gonna take you into each one of the other eleven laws and I will in fact elaborate on the law of attraction because when you really understand that law everything in your life is going to start to shift see the truth the real basic truth is everything that comes into our life we've attracted we're literally magnetized to it do you know that your brain is an electronic switching station it controls the vibratory rate of this massive energy that we call our body I'm not my body I'm not my brain you're not your body you're not your brain but you do have a brain we have a marvelous mind and we can control the vibration we're in and when we do we start to control what comes into our life you're going to love these laws and you're gonna want to share them and you should share them givers game I want you to get them I want you to study them get involved in this program and then set the site a time to really study it don't treat this as just any recorded program this is very special since october 1961 i have been absolutely obsessed for studying one subject why you do what you do and why you don't do many of the things you want to do i want you to think of what you really want to do what do you want to do with the rest of your life you know if you go to my website I tell you I'm there if you tell me what you want I can show you how to get it and I can but you've got to decide what you want and then you want to get into these lessons 11 laws it's phenomenal at the 12th I'm going to elaborate on it for you make sure you get involved set aside the time and you're gonna love it the videos that you're gonna receive here will change your life along with the rest of the program life will never be the same again this is by procter and thank you and I look forward to meeting you in the seminar sometime in the very near future | ThoughtsAreThings | UCxkR5VV3Ao-Nt-aNaI49Jtw | 2018-09-27 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 1,806 | 9,420 |
JeLD-s_4lSs | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JeLD-s_4lSs | Evaluation of the Department of Defense’s Counterterrorism Approach | you testing one two hello-hello-hello here's the chairs mic testing one two testing one to witness one testing one to witness two you remember my check remember my check test test test testing testing testing one two three testing mic check one two three one two three one another want me to keep going witness Mic Check what's my check witness might check one two three you ready don't you get it just white kind of talked you were looking out awaiting you're still adjusting and I see your fingers moving when this mic check one witness might check to test test test test test test remember my check remember my check test test test member might check one you [Music] sorry I've called a meeting called hearing to order welcome everybody as a starting point we are going to after this move into a classified setting it is my goal objective hope that we can start that at noon which means you know we may not have enough time to do everybody for five minutes but we will have another opportunity to ask more questions in the classified setting if it drifts a little past noon that's fine but as we move from one to the next don't want to keep these gentlemen for three or four hours so just for everyone's information we'll do this then we're going to classified setting there'll be an opportunity to ask further questions at that point with that I welcome everybody to the hearing we have two witnesses this morning the Honorable Owen West who is the assistant secretary of defense for policy special operations and low-intensity conflict and Major General James Hecker who's on the joint staff and vice director for operations j-3 welcome gentlemen look forward to your testimony we're looking today to get a greater idea of where we are at in combating international and transnational terrorist groups and on this committee and at the Pentagon I know we have a pretty good idea when we look out at the threat environment and obviously there are a lot of issues but there's five that we're all focused on Russia China Iran North Korea and the subject of today's discussion which is transnational terrorists and this has been obviously going on for some time even before 9/11 but after 9/11 we reorganized significant portions of our national security apparatus to try to combat that threat so that efforts been going on for over 17 years now and what we want to learn today is where is it at what are our priorities what's working what's not working and what do you see the future of this effort to begin with I think our response was was fairly effective and I remember gentlemen crystal talking about it that basically when we had a full understanding of what al-qaeda was he said it takes a network to beat a network so we systematically did a whole-of-government approach building up our net to counter that terrorist threat now it has morphed and metastasized in the years since then originally obviously the focus was in Afghanistan and then shifted to Pakistan and then we faced threats out of Yemen and now you have a very extensive list of transnational terrorist groups we are all familiar with al Qaeda and Isis as the two at the top but there are dozens of others in different places throughout the world primarily in Africa in the Middle East and South Asia so when we're combating those threats how do we prioritize I mean obviously the number one biggest concern is when these organizations threaten the u.s. directly or our Western allies we want to try to stop those groups first that's what took us to Yemen a long time ago when AQAP started planning attacks against the US and was behind the attempted bombing in Detroit and also the attempted bombing using the the package airlines that shift that our focus there so that's part of it but also if we're alternately going to be able to defeat transnational terrorist groups we need to stop them for me about half safe havens where they can grow now a lot of these groups aren't necessarily focused initially on targeting Western interests they're they're sort of like criminal organizations they're involved in drugs and human trafficking and all manner of different crime to fund their operations but as we look at how we deal with the scarce resources that we have I really want to learn more today about how we prioritize what are the groups that were most concerned about what is our effort now to contain them and then there's just two two other points that I want to raise in my opening statement before turning it over to the ranking member and one sense the Trump administration there has been a significant increase in kinetic strikes bombings but also raids against targets in a variety of places certainly in Afghanistan there's been a significant increase in the tempo but also in Somalia and even in places like Libya and West Africa why and what has it accomplished and also what is the downside I've seen various reports primarily from Sevilla or from non non-government organizations talking about an increase in civilian casualties and what impact does that have on our broader effort to defeat the ideology because again to go back to general McChrystal and some of the things I heard him say he said when you're combating a terrorist group it's not a simple numbers game it's not a matter of there's a hundred terrorists and if you kill 50 you only have 50 left if you kill 50 but you'll wind up upsetting you know 20 of their relatives then you actually you don't wind up with an increase so how are we dealing with the backlash from those increased civilian casualties and unintended consequences and what is being accomplished by that increase in tempo and then lastly I know a report is due shortly one of the most dominant aspects of this effort to combat transnational terrorist groups has been the significant increase in the use of our Special Operations Forces and their numbers I believe have more than doubled since 9/11 certainly their opt-in foe is high they have been doing very dangerous missions for a very long time question that this committee has asked and I know mr. Linderman's Subcommittee on emerging threats has asked as well are we asking too much of them has it strained the force to the point where it is causing problems are there things that we can do to mitigate that how do we handle the fact that so much is now being asked of our special operations forces in light of the post 9/11 world I look forward to your testimony and I yield to the ranking member for his opening statement Thank You mr. chairman and let me join in thanking our witnesses for for being here today it seems to me it is absolutely appropriate for us to take a global look at terrorism today it was true with bin Laden and Zawahiri that they moved around from different places before 9/11 it is more true than ever today I note that Bruce Hoffman and Seth Jones two witnesses who have testified a number of times before our committee over the years have pointed out of the more than roughly 40,000 foreign fighters who arrived in Iraq and Syria most of them are still on the loose today there are nearly four times as many Sunni extremists around the world as on 9/11 so we have challenges not only with a greater number than before but it is harder to define them in a particular locality than it was before and that is part of the reason that in the FY 14 NDAA we set up additional mechanisms for this committee to have oversight of special operations and other forces so that we could monitor under our constitutional responsibilities what our military was doing in a variety of locations around the world not just in Iraq and Afghanistan I also think it's appropriate to set back and see where we've been to have things in perspective as one of the few members left on this committee who was here on 9/11 I never would have expected us to go 70 18 years nearly and not have a repeat of that sort of instant we have definitely had terrorist attacks here and abroad but I also think it's it's important that we pay tribute to our military intelligence community and law enforcement for the remarkable success that they have had because in the years since 9/11 because the enemy continues to be motivated to attack us with without question I am concerned that with these terrorists who are freer to roam about than ever before that it is more important than ever before to keep the pressure on them and it is my view as others have written that the number one lesson of the last 18 years is if you let up the pressure they're gonna spring back and they'll spring back quickly and that's true whether we're talking Syria Afghanistan and Somalia or Yemen mr. chairman I want to finish with just one other thing on Saturday my wife and I had the opportunity to attend a memorial service for the most recent member of our military who was a casualty in this war against terrorists Army Ranger sergeant Cameron medic was killed a couple weeks ago in Afghanistan on a very important mission and and I bring that up for two reasons number one we can never forget the human sacrifice the human cost that goes into keeping us safe and free and some members of this committee have participated in in that effort sergeant medic was one who gave everything he had and and secondly it's important because we can't really talk about the mission he was on and so forth but it was very important not for Afghanistan but for us because that mission was designed to make sure that known terrorists were not able to enter the battlefield against our troops and against our homeland and so I think a lot of the questions you outlined mr. chairman are exactly the appropriate questions we should always ask I also think it's very important that we never do anything to diminish the importance of the mission that sergeant medic and others have given their life for over the last 18 years because what they have achieved is remarkable and what they are doing today is is remarkable as well thank you I yield back Thank You mr. chairman mr. West Thank You mr. chairman ranking member Thornberry and members of a committee so dedicated to this issue over the years for the privilege of testifying before you today the counterterrorism fight continues to evolve I want to take this opportunity to highlight where we've been and where I think we're headed I will start with our counter Isis campaign our Coalition has almost destroyed the so-called physical caliphate by this I mean Isis no longer governs a pseudo state in Syria that at its height attracted tens of thousands of recruits from around the world who easily slipped across the border to Cup arms and lived off of Isis illicit revenue streams that at one time topped two hundred and fifty million dollars per month the human toll was of course much higher the so-called physical Caliphate has been systematically destroyed in one of the most lethal offensive surrogate operations in history in Syria US Special Forces partnered with and mentored the Syrian democratic forces which grew from a few hundred to tens of thousands of Kurds and Arabs all supported by the US Marines Army Air Force and international partners the SDF fighting for its homeland suffered thousands of casualties Isis has suffered the most this achievement should not be discounted and this model should remain an enduring lesson in this long war I say long war because the end of the so-called physical caliphate rushers in a new phase of fighting Isis has morphed into a global ideological network as deadly and evil as al-qaeda at its height stepping back terrorism remains a persistent condition driven by political religious and socio-economic trends so we must simultaneously time simultaneously acknowledge that while we are close to a tremendous battlefield victory we still face a resilient threat in the last two weeks individual Isis terrorists bombed a church in the Philippines while its West African affiliate overran military bases in Nigeria to defeat the global terror networks requires a coalition of allies applying relentless pressure at the local level this means we must make cost and form decisions on the future CT or counter-terror operations a disciplined approach to this long fight will also enable our departments pivot toward great power competition with near pure adversaries in line with a national defense strategy and the renewed importance of a regular warfare in the space to be clear this does not mean raising the risk for every resource optimized rather it means we must be deliberate and operations against prioritized threats for the long haul remaining agile as the enemy operation inherent resolve provides an excellent template for such future operations because it stressed local and international partnerships with a modest US footprint the Department of Defense will continue to execute counter-terror operations globally to prevent attack on America and our interests Congress has been a stalwart partner in helping to ensure that we have the necessary resources and authorities to achieve this overriding goal I value our relationship I look forward to continuing dialogue and I look forward to your questions today Thank You general hacker chairman Smith ranking member Thornberry first of all thank you for honoring sergeant medic with your presence at his funeral as well as here at the house I'm sure his family members certainly appreciate that so thank you members of the House Armed Services Committee thanks for the opportunity to speak to you today concerning DoD's global counterterrorism campaign in our current operational environment we assess that Isis and al-qaeda are degraded but still viable global network organization that is well positioned to generate capability if the pressure is reduced over the past year there have been two strategic inflections related to the defeat of Isis fight into a broader campaign against violent extremist organizations first Isis lost its physical Caliphate in Iraq and Syria and evolved into a trans-regional networked insurgency making it vulnerable to kinetic attack second our nation shifted priority focus from countering ve owes to great power competition as reflected in the national defense strategy and evolving strategic guidance on Syria and jannis tan going forward these inflection points will fundamentally change the way that we conduct our CT operations we must continue to evolve our way of doing business in the counterterrorism space placing more focus on enabling our coalition partners and Inter agencies increasing non-military and non kinetic effects and enhancing local partner partner capacity and capability to contain this threat this evolving counterterrorism operation construct will place even greater emphasis on successful programs such as the 127 echo program which provides us viable surrogate forces designed to achieve USCT objectives at relatively low cost in terms of resources and especially risk to our personnel the small footprint approach inherent in 127 echo is addition in addition to lessening the need for large-scale us to troop deployments fosters an environment where local forces take ownership of the problem greater reliance on our coalition partners will also be a key facet of our sustainable global CT construct we are already seeing this in places like Mali in Nigeria where French forces have taken the lead in conducting counterterrorism operations against JN I am and Isis greater Sahara with us providing key enabling support in such areas of intelligence and logistics this willingness by our partners to shoulder more of the load offers our formations the opportunity to rebuild a more sustainable level of readiness after 17 years of continuous operations hard-won experience over the last decade and a half has taught us that sharing information with our partners is absolutely critical in staying ahead of the global network videos we must build on our current information and intelligence sharing constructs and also encourage our partners to undertake similar yet more regionally focused ventures on the once again thank you for the opportunity to speak today and we look forward to your questions thank you gentlemen as a starting point when we look at where the transnational threat is at right now and we know there are disrupted terrorist groups in a number of different countries throughout Africa the Middle East South Asia what are the areas that you're most concerned about in terms of groups that are able right now to plot and plan attacks that could be carried out against Western targets either in Europe or in the United States and how do you how do you assess that threat level at this point I think first and foremost when we prioritize of what we're looking at and who are most concerned about I think we'd all agree what we're most concerned about is a repeat of 9/11 so we look at terrorist organizations that want to harm the US for the most part you know in their stated you know reasoning and what they're all about al Qaeda still has the intent to harm the United States and other countries in wet in the West in Europe so al Qaeda is one that we we really look forward you know and making more more geographically where in the world because obviously al Qaeda spread out in a bunch of different places as is Isis where in the world are we most vulnerable to them being able to organize that type of attack well there's a couple different places I think right now we sit in a decent spot because we have maintained the pressure on a lot of the folks al Qaeda Isis in particular and we've been able to make sure that they don't have the capabilities to attack the US so those are the areas that we look at and as we now adjust with our national defense strategy to taking some resources that used to be in those areas and now using those resources for global competition against China and Russia we need to make sure that we find a way to keep the pressure on these other areas in the world that contains these terrorists okay doesn't quite answer the question that's why we talked about in classified setting if that's that's more comfortable the only other question I have is you talk about partnerships and I think that's an incredibly important because part of being able to defeat these terrorist groups is to have as low a US presence as possible and to make it more about developing domestically so whether you're talking about Somalia West Africa Afghanistan you know if the countries themselves and the countries in the region can be partners to stop terrorism and build a more sustainable government obviously I know the limitations of that but that's where we want to go in Syria and Afghanistan as we discussed drawing down in both of those places and I'm not unsympathetic to the idea I just want the idea that there is a plan behind it who are our partners in Syria if we pull out completely as the president has suggested we've been working with the syrian democratic forces we've been working with the kurds if we pull out how are we going to be able to work with people in that region to continue to contain the ISIS threat and same question for Afghanistan thank you mr. chairman in Syria specifically the SDF remains our best partner what they've done in this fight is astonishing and we'll continue to support them we should remember that the d isis coalition makes up 79 different countries i could be more pointing to the question and it's quick this on what other people are they going to have are these forces we're talking about going to have sufficient support to continue doing what you just described nor i think we all acknowledge if we pull our forces out what what is the strategic rationale for looking at syria right now and saying we can pull our troops out and the SD the other part that they'll be fine what what was the strategic thinking that went into that decision that said we can do that sir i i do not know the strategic thinking that went into it i know that we've been issued in order to deliberately withdraw but i do believe that we look at the outset of isis we were doing remote advise assist and we do not need to be co-located to keep the pressure on the enemy mr. Thornberry generally in response to the chairman you said that we're in a pretty decent place because of the pressure that we have applied be specific what kind of pressure are you talking about it's really what this whole committee is all about are this hearings all about you know it's the counterterrorism pressure that we've been able to apply if you look at the area in Afghanistan in Syria back in 2014 there was a large area that was controlled by Isis we were able to apply pressure primarily through partner nations as well as partners so we weren't doing a lot of the fighting ourselves we are teaching and training and working by with and through our partners in Iraq and our partners in Syria but the Chairman noticed that there has been an increase of airstrikes in recent years is that part of the pressure - yes there's been a significant increase in airstrikes in both Syria Iraq and in Afghanistan so so we've increased the efforts to decrease the physical Caliphate and I think we've been relatively successful as you've seen there's roughly only about 1% of the physical Caliphate left and that's in Syria in the middle Euphrates valley and we are rapidly working to try to finish that off and we think we'll be there quite soon do you agree with my earlier statement that one of the lessons primary lessons of the last 18 years is if we let up that pressure then terrorist groups have a way of springing back to life in a rather rapid fashion yes sir I agree with that let me ask one other question right quick as you know Yemen has been a controversial location because it's a complicated difficult situation you said that one of our primary objectives is to prevent another 9/11 at one point the Prime terrorists a threat to our homeland emanated from Yemen and the al-qaeda branch there print cartridge plot as well as a bomb maker who was bearing bombs inside human bodies and a whole variety of things are there still al-qaeda remnants in Yemen today or have they been extinguished no they are still there today and there's a significant number that are there as well then we can get into the specific numbers in the closed session but there's also Isis there as well not there's quite as many al-qaeda but that is some one of our CT efforts that we have is going against both of those entities that are in southern Yemen thank you miss Davis Thank You mr. chairman and to both of you we appreciate your being here I want to follow up a little bit on what's just been said we would love to be able to rely on our partners and and also the the men and women of the country that were in Afghanistan obviously is a good example of that we've been hoping that they would be in a better place today than they are but where then if these partners are not there where do we go we're how do we how do we work within our own intelligence agencies within the State Department what is it that has to be different if we are to remove our troops at least in in numbers that that are very different from today Thank You congresswoman first of all I'd say that local partnerships are absolutely key to our long-term counter-terrorist strategy over the last 15 years though we've developed capabilities in terms of fusing intelligence with operations and that in top intelligence can come from a variety of sources although it's excellent to get human intelligence at the local level I can explain in a closed session just how we operate in countries like Yemen and are able to differentiate between AQAP and Isis and that the current civil war and the State Department the State Department and by the way many other agencies are key components and I think this is another enduring lesson of this war in terms of having a whole-of-government approach there's in most of these countries if not all there's a diplomatic effort effort that's simultaneous with our military counter-terror ever general Hecker you mentioned sharing of information has just sort of been talking about this and one of the things that I think we all were set back a little bit with our forces in Nigeria in 2017 a sense that we didn't know where our forces were how how do we kind of balance the secrecy important to the mission and at the same time providing information to the public and to our partners in the area yes congresswoman a very important question because you know we don't want to give information up that may put our folks at risk but at the same time we need to make sure that our civilian leadership knows what's going on and has a say in what we're doing and quite honestly I think Niger was it was a good lesson for us in the military and I know we've had several discussions with your committee and others to make sure that we continue to share information with one another so you can exercise the appropriate oversight that that you deserve congresswoman if I can follow up this committee was the driving force behind our counter-terror monthly briefings which will give you an absolutely accurate lay down each month of precisely where our Special Operations Forces and other counter-terror troops are thank you and I think the public still is is questioning whether or not having unlimited authorization is the best way to go to try and and make certain that we are as open and transparent as possible given the circumstances that are that our troops are in can you speak to that what where do we go from here congresswoman we're absolutely committed to transparency with our oversight committees right now we're working with your staffers and we're very close to distributing our X orders this is new policy for us but I think that will help the transparency further over the last year we've also improved our reporting requirements to make sure that you're armed after a strike for example with information within the 48-hour requirement that this body helped in part a few years ago and then a follow up that makes clear the action within seven days general any comments did you on me we're in sync on that one man uh-huh okay thank you very much Thank You mr. chairman I yield back mr. Wilson Thank You mr. chairman and thank both of you for being here today I recently received a brief at Joint Base anacostia-bolling on the material weapons and technology which the Iranian regime supplies to the Houthis in Yemen it was really shocking to see how clear it was the relationship of providing weapons to the Houthis by the Iranians and it made it pretty simple because some of the material there the weapons were very clear in English made in Iran how would and with this the Iranian regime is the world's largest state sponsor of terrorism and use Houthis as a proxy and for its secretary west how does our counterterrorism strategy and CENTCOM area of responsibility address the Iranian influence and sponsorship of terror sir our national strategy in both Yemen and Syria are stable areas free of Iranian and terror influence and additionally I appreciate that you've had multiple deployments to Iraq and you had first-hand experience working with Iraqis can you speak on the importance of maintaining a counterterrorism strategy in the region if the United States important forces withdraw forces as has been proposed in Syria how would the terrorist organizations proliferate or increase in the region congressman the president has stated that will have a long-term military presence in Iraq this partnership still evolved are our partners I believe it's critical to have a regional counter-terror footprint that spans the globe and I think this is again one of the lessons that we've learned over the the 15 odd years of this war and and I appreciate very much your response to that additionally while Isis has lost significant territory recently social media still serves to accelerate the group's ideology and network of influence again mr. secretary what are the counterterrorism efforts to combat the proliferation of Isis ideology through social media congressman that's an excellent question because the ideology is very much alive and and their will to fight is very much alive through different media I'd like to get to the specifics of that in a closed session I think I can answer that question with much more fidelity suffice it to say that that has our utmost attention but this is not just a DoD problem I think stepping back when we look at information warfare and messaging against the ideology we've got work to do thank you very much and general Hecker I'm concerned about the reductions in military personnel and Afghanistan and a potential of terrorists to regain safe havens as they did part in 9/11 recently in December of 2018 the administration announced a reduction of forces how does this policy impact our counterterrorism activities well you know there's a lot of ongoing diplomatic conversations that's going on between calles I ambassador calles I in the Taliban as we go forward here as the president mentioned last night in the State of the Union address it's going to depend on the success of those negotiations on when and if and how many US forces are pulled out of Afghanistan so as we move forward we'll watch closely with what our diplomatic efforts are and then weíll just accordingly based on how those efforts end up and in general also recently the Pentagon announced a reduction in counterterrorism troops in Africa over the next three years as part of a force optimization what is being done to maintain counterterrorism capability in the region how can we mitigate adverse impacts in prioritize the constrained resources so because of the national defence strategy which concert is going to concentrate on pure power competition we have to get the get the assets from somewhere so what we started with is we started with Africa and we went with this Africa optimization model where can we pull troops where we don't think the US interests you know of an attack may come from and where we can do that so we've done that with Africa now we're gonna do that throughout the rest of the world and realize as we pull troops we're gonna use partner forces as well as the 127 echo programs that we talked about to try to maintain pressure on the enemy my hunch is we'll miss some of these we'll pull some and we'll go hey we're not getting the pressure that we desire to make sure that our country stays safe so these are something that this optimization that we'll continue to revisit you know monthly basically to make sure that we have the pressure needed to keep the u.s. in a Western interest safe and thank both of you for testimony today Thank You mr. chairman thank you mr. Larson Thank You mr. chairman so thanks for coming gentlemen mr. secretary and general thanks for your comments and 1:27 II that is as I understand it the I guess it's the grandchild of the 1206 the 1208 programs that we created in the mid-2000s I think I got that right then we codified those into 1:27 II so these programs have been around for at least the the authorities have been around for at least 10 years and with this focus on great power competition have you at all considered how using the 127 authorities or other authorities for partnership capacity are going to be any less or more successful than they were in in the mid-2000s given the fact that we're gonna be focused more on the great power competition and less on on CT what's gonna be different congressman you write the 127 he started as a modest fiscal authority of 10 million dollars it's grown to a hundred million dollars per annum there abouts there's a new authority called 1202 which is purpose-built to get after the problem you're talking about it's a regular warfare you're gonna start to see some of the CONOPS and proposals coming up to you soon if you haven't already and I think this new authority going forward should be grown in the similar way where we have to demonstrate its value proposition to you our board but ultimately I think this should be as large as 120 70 well it's gonna have to be a little bit different because if we were asking these questions in in the mid-2000s and we're asking them 12 10 to 12 years later and not getting and getting the same answers it seems to me that maybe we ought to be doing something different or it might not be totally our fault and might be might be the challenges that our partners present as well and because it may just be harder to get them to change it because some of the countries that we work with maybe don't have our history our culture our commitment to civil rights human rights and that causes a big problem for us when we're trying to create these creates partners but on 120 70 I want to go back to your answer from - MS Davis because despite repeated requests by this committee and by the Senate Armed Services Committee these ex-ored execute orders related operations haven't been provided on a consistent basis and my understanding we've been asking for at least a year so you said it was kind of new for us to ask I don't think a year that makes it new I think it gives us the impression that you're holding back and that you only provide these X hordes when it's necessary to provide them because we're putting holes on programs so I guess I'd really want to push on you and get a commitment from you that you're gonna be sharing with this committee that X words are governing the department's counterterrorism operations and doing it before we threaten you withholding money for other programs and rather just doing it in the interest of transparency can I can we get that commitment today sir we are committed to agreeing to an MoU to get the X orders delivered to you on a read and return basis sounds like a lot of process I just like the guess answer sir it has been a long process and and I understand your frustration we're committed to to working this as quickly as we possibly the title 10 section 130 F also requires I'll give you our time bit what is this quickly as possible mean can you ballpark it for us mm it's been a year or so weeks that looks like we've had to run this because it is a new DoD policy through review after review but but we are very close in this negotiations that doesn't mean anything nothing you've said in response to mr. Larson's question means anything okay sir so I don't either have I may say I have no idea we're working on it who the hell knows then say you know yesterday I mean days weeks months sir can you give us a moment if you'll permit me I will get you that answer with granularity in the coming days we will anxiously await that I apologize mr. Larsen go ahead yeah Thank You mr. chair would you say you're doing a more aggressive review of this decision in the Syria withdrawal decision I'm sorry sir could you repeat the question I think I made my point with it I think you've probably given us more review than the than the review about withdrawing from Syria from the department's perspective on title 10 section 130 f it requires notification within 48 hours and you mentioned that in response to mr. Davis's question and although notification timing and information is slowly improving that seems the administration hasn't complied consistently with that requirement so again will you commit to continuing to improve this process and these procedures for the notification of the sensitive military operations of Congress as required by law yes sir I wasn't so hard Thank You yield back Thank You mr. Lambert mr. chairman thank you for having this hearing thank you both for what you do for our country I'd like to ask a little bit about the forces in Iraq that possibly have connections to Iran we've seen evidence that in the past Iranian linked militias were able to access resources including even advanced defense weapon systems through our train and equip mission that we provide the Iraqis and Iran is now lobbying hard for the Iraqi leader of the popular mobilization forces to become the next Minister of the Interior and then the Minister of the Interior oversees those forces and all of Iraq's internal security and we give them 1.6 billion dollars a year for their 20,000 person security force so what are we doing to make sure that we're not ultimately bank bankrolling iranian-backed militias or politicians in Iraq mr. West sir thank you I'm here in a counter-terror capacity but it will say that we're absolutely committed to the Iraqis as our partners but this ultimately part of your question is ultimately up to the Iraqis we we partner with them to protect and defend their sovereignty but I think this partnership over the years has continued to grow and we will have a long-term presence in Iraq which gets to the heart of your question general record you have anything to add to that so I think you know the big thing for us look this from a military perspective is to make sure that our military members are are able to be the force protection is there for them you know we saw this with we had to close the Consul in Missoula because we had some we thought were Shia kind of militia groups that were throwing some idf's that way we've looked at the construction around the bases that we're at to make sure that our troops will be safe in it from any of these groups but this is an Iraqi issue that we with state need to work with them to make sure that they look at this issue and take it seriously because we need to make sure that Iran doesn't have the influence and we have a lot of forces in the area to try to deter Iranian implying influence in the area okay thank you both and changing gears we know that title 10 military forces have been deployed to bolster homeland security on the southern border in fact we had a hearing about that here in this committee recently so mr. West one of the six strategic objectives of the national counterterrorism strategy is quote Americans are prepared and protected from terrorist attacks in the homeland including through more exacting border security and law enforcement actions unquote so what kind of resources are we going to be able to give to homeland security from title 10 forces or other assets that will help accomplish that particular strategic objective especially as it pertains the southern border I know there's all kinds of homeland security ways of accessing terrorists can access our country but I want to concentrate on the southern border right now in particular congressman I'll let general Hecker talk about the details of the border deployment which he has but I will say that in my judgment over the last 15 years the interagency partnership and at the heart of your question it's how do we work together to fuse intelligence with operations to prevent penetration of the homeland is really really good thank you and yeah so far as upcoming deployments we have roughly 3,000 750 title 10 forces that will be coming to the southern border over the next 30 days we have 2,500 that will go along the southern border and they'll be laying 167 point five miles of Constantino wire in addition to that we have roughly 1,100 forces that will be deploying to man to do basically a surveillance kind of mission and we call it the MSC mission mobile surveillance cameras and they'll be looking at that in addition and this is new as of basically yesterday there's 20 our 49 buses that are coming up to the southern border just to the south of Del Rio in Texas based on that threat CBP requested us to help them at one specific point of port of entry where these roughly 2,000 people are on their way to so over the you know two days ago I think is when we know is actually yesterday morning is when we made the decision to call what we call a crisis reaction force so this is a force that can come and help out at that one specific I'm sad didn't reach Tillman's time as expired sure explain it thank you at the front to the witnesses when we get down with the five minutes we do try to move on I will just note for the record that as we talked and miss the Chairman noted you know we had the attack on 9/11 we have not had an attack like that sense we have had other attacks groups affiliated with Isis and other terrorist groups hiss in the US and exactly none of those people have come across our southern border so while we're talking about counterterrorism here and that's where you guys are after today's hearing it very difficult to see any link between the southern border and the terrorism attacks that we're talking about here that that's not where they are coming in from and I just want to make sure the record reflects that and I'll yield mr. Garamendi it would be very useful to have a full report immediately on the deployment of these troops to the border a clear understanding of not only what they intend to do there but what they were doing before they were deployed to the border in other words what ongoing task has been degraded as a result of the deployment of the troops to the border ok would you please develop that and get that to us immediately and I would remind you that at the last hearing last week I asked for some specific information along that line that which has not yet been delivered so thank you going back to the issue of Syria and the pull out of Syria and the reality that there really was no strategy or strategic strategy behind the pull out tweet we do know that the major cities along the River Valley have been destroyed literally leveled beginning with Raqqa and Iraq and then moving on into Syria I think your testimony if I recall it correctly indicated that there is a significant potential for a resurgence of Isis Isis in that area is that a result of the destruction of the communities the economy and the societies or is it some other reason that you anticipate a resurgence of Isis in those areas Congress may are you addressing that question of me I'm sorry is that question for me sir well for both of you okay seem to want to take a shot at it though sir I'll give it a shot sir I didn't remember saying that there was I was there's going to be a significant riah Sergent of Isis in the area but I think there is a serious risk if we do not keep the pressure on in both Syria and Iraq and I realize the concern is if we move our you know forces out of Syria that that make take some pressure off of the ISIS forces in Syria so our mission is to try to figure out how we can continue to keep the pressure on in Syria without any boots on the ground and how are you doing in that effort trying to figure out so what we're doing is detailed military planning and our objectives are to safely remove our troops we have an objective to make sure that we finish up the last little bit of the fight that that's left there in the middle Euphrates valley and then we need to also make sure that the security concerns of both the Turks and the security concerns of the people that we just fought with the SDF are taken care of now I realize that is a very difficult task and it can't be done just militarily it also needs to have high diplomatic levels of effort which ambassador Jeffries is working with the SDF with Turkey and with coalition to see if we can have coalition forces SDF and coming up with a plan to see what we can do to try to keep the pressure on Jeffries has replaced in the Cape in this task of working with the Jeffries as ambassador Jeffries is the one that is currently working with both Turkey and the SDF on agreements how about the reconstruction of the cities and the economy and the societies that have been pretty much smashed mr. West sir at the heart of your question is stability operations and is there going to be a vacuum now that the u.s. is withdrawn and we're doing our very best in terms of what we can do as a military to prevent that vacuum from being filled by malign actors is there any reconstruction plan for the communities and cities or are you going to leave the fertile ground of the destruction for Isis to then flourish sir our orders are a deliberate withdrawal but there is a coalition in place so we are not the only actor there and we certainly can support from afar I ant my question isn't on the military side it is on the humanitarian side is there any plan hey I'm sorry I'll have to take that one for later the gentleman's thank you time has expired mr. Whitman thank mr. chairman Major General Hecker mr. West thank you so much for joining us today I wanted to begin with major general Hecker this past November I travel with my colleagues to Afghanistan to really get a lay down of what's happening there had a chance to meet with general Miller president Ghani to talk about them to them about what's happening with negotiations with insurgent groups specifically the Taliban what's happening in the reconciliation effort and what we found out was that from their perspective it's going to take more than political force and posturing to bring substantive change to the dynamic that's happening between those insurgent groups and US forces and the Afghan government I want to go to to what chairman Dunford said in early December I want to say his words he said reconciliation between the Afghan government Taliban can only be achieved by bringing sufficient political social and military pressure on the insurgents to accept a negotiated settlement and this strategy would not work if the u.s. did not retain its capability to bring military pressure on the insurgents to accept the deal and Major General heckler I know your experience there with the ninth Air and Space expeditionary task force in Afghanistan as past commander and past commander the NATO air command in Afghanistan I wanted to get your perspective about how you feel the drawdown puts us in a position as far as being able to bring the necessary military force to make sure that there is a substantive and lasting opportunity for reconciliation between the Taliban and not just the United States forces but most specifically the Afghan government yes congressman thanks for that question and I usually want to priest pose that there's going to be a drawdown it is in relation to how the negotiations go but those different types of pressure that you talked about it's really the whole of government efforts that are going to be required to make this happen we see the ongoing efforts you know socially you know with some of the religious leaders and how they've spoken up against some of the things that the Taliban leaders are doing so they're getting some social pressure there we're working the political pressure albeit it's early in its state with an ambassador college ID and the negotiations that he's working on the military side of the house our desire is to keep the pressure on the Taliban we know that some of the Taliban are in part of these negotiations so we've kind of made of dits distinction between you know Taliban's there's unreconciled Taliban which we don't think we'll ever reconcile and then there's others that you know they're thinking about it when I was in Afghanistan when I first showed up about a year and a half ago reconciliation wasn't in anyone's vocabulary since then we've had a cease fire so we've made progress but we still have a long ways to go so what we need to do is keep pressure on the non reconcilable Taliban to help the negotiations that the State Department and we're doing diplomatically to keep the pressure on very good thank you Major General hacker mr. West I wanted to to get your reflection on an article that you wrote back in 2012 for a news outlet better known as slate and you wrote a series of pieces titled can the United States build a foreign army and you wrote one belief was constant advisor team's work I only wish some of our predecessors had seen the eventual turnaround so my question for you is this do you believe that the Afghan National Army will have sufficient military advisers in support to effectively combat the threat going into the future whether it's Taliban or al-qaeda and are they ready for what they'll have to deal with with more of a u.s. hands-off approach in less US presence and maybe less US support and the train advise and assist mission sir I'm not well-versed enough in the A&A to answer that specifically I do believe that combat advisors provide us or a combat multipliers they provide us real leverage and the train advise assist mission is crucial very good let me ask another element to the Army's security force assistance brigades continue to bring a new army presence they are more permanent and more a continuing ability to help the Afghan National Army build capability and to be effective in the future do you believe that structure has long lasting opportunity there and you needed that needs that that should be a continual presence there in helping the Afghan National Army not only attained but to maintain capability to defeat insurgent forces in that country yes sir okay very good Thank You mr. chairman I yield back Thank You mr. Noor mr. Norcross Thank You chairman thank the two of you for coming before us today one focus a little bit more on the evaluation of the department's counterterrorism approach the very focus of the committee hearing today and general you mentioned something that when you're assessing the threats across the Middle East but particularly focused in that area that you need to take troops from somewhere where the threat is not as great let's take those words and we think about the threat assessment that's going across Syria Iraq Iran through that Middle East area you're suggesting that the threat on our southern border is greater than the threat coming from the Middle East and that's why the troops would be going south no congressman I'm sorry I was just addressing the southern border with the with the question I hadn't didn't mean to impose that there's terrorists coming across the southern border at all but let me drill down on that you said you make the threat assessment and you take the troops from where the threat is less and put them where it is more and we just talked about an additional twenty five hundred troops going to the southern border which would suggest by your own words that that is the greatest threat taking place because that's where you're sending troops is that the case so we we were given you know we were requested for assistance from department of homeland security and if we could put troops and help them out on some gaps that they had on the southern border we looked throughout the forces and we determined that we had some forces that we could take and move down there and we obviously source them very carefully to make sure that they weren't about to go to one of the areas that you were talking about where they would be supporting the counterterrorism and we had them go down there for a short amount of time and then come back and plenty of time to get their readiness back up to speed before they go to do counterterrorism type actions so there's no impact to the force readiness for counterterrorism by sending those 2,500 troops III won't go as far to say it there's no impact but I will say that we have minimized that impact where it's it's not that great there have been times that you had been requested for help that you hadn't been able or you chose not to answer the call for homeland security in the past yes sir that is the case matter of fact I mean even in the recent past they've asked for things that that we have not provided them and we understand that you make a threat assessment throughout our world and put the troops where they're needed so is this one of the times that the threat has diminished that we can send troops there where the send the troops to southern border versus elsewhere in the world I think we can send some troops down to the southern border if requested to fill a gap and we can do that but what we do before we do that is assess to make sure that the readiness will not decrease to an extent where we fulfill our other missions and in this case what we're talking about is Karen terrorists missions certainly appreciate this just to follow up on the recruitment techniques because a were trying to stop the attacks now but we're also trying to stop the attacks from future through recruitment and that brings me to my question the the government as a whole approach there's a lot of rhetoric going on that talks about Muslim bans withdrawal from Syria is this a positive thing that cuts down on the recruitment in social media by our enemies mr. les you certainly good address sorry sir could you repeat the first part of that question we're talking about recruitment for the few desert I terrorism groups across the board their use of social media is quite high enables them to have a tremendous reach so when we look at some of the things that are taking place immediately we're pulling out of Syria do you see an uptick in their recruitment saying the Americans are leaving we have a chance is this an a positive statement when we say we're leaving i we have not to my knowledge sir seen an uptick in recruitment as a result of the announcement to withdraw from Syria thank you I yield back thank you miss Scott Thank You mr. chairman gentlemen I've got a couple of questions about AFRICOM and I was at Camp Lemonnier not too long ago with a couple of other members and questions then about Amazon and whether or not it was going to stay together but the thing that struck me about Camp Lemonnier was the lack of assets that general was Jennifer Nez at the time that had had it his disposable disposal and as we talked about the national defense strategy I recognized that China and Russia are or the focus in that but when we start talking about pulling assets out of a region that's got to have an impact on how our partners feel about our commitment to that region and so with regard to Somalia in particular there's discussion in here about the the terrorists that are in the south there are also terrorists that have moved into the north part of Somalia as well and as we talked about the assets general what assets are being pulled out of Africa can that be disclosed in here I mean it seemed to me that Camp Lemonnier quite honestly needed significantly more assets especially with the Chinese and the activities that they're engaged in and in Djibouti yeah I think it's it's it's hard to ever pull out any assets and I do think as we go a little bit deeper on this subject I think would be a little bit better if we did that in a closed session and we'll be happy to discuss that and just a clear I mean I know that Camp Lemonnier in djibouti but that is where the small you those are the assets that we use for the the fighting small you a couple of other questions as foreign fighters in Syria and Iraq that are currently fighting for Isis or other terrorist groups as we've seen the collapse of the territory it is these fighters migrate into other regions how is that going to impact our national security strategy and do we expect these fighters to return to their homeland or do we expect these fighters to migrate to other areas like the Horn of Africa where some of their others have set up camp congressman it's a good question they're there they're a large number of foreign fighters that the STF has currently detained that we and our partners view is very high threat and then as you mentioned there are the forty thousand odd fighters that infiltrate and those that remain who may go back to their territories or may stay in the fight in Iraq and Syria I think the broad assessment from the intelligence community is both that number one we've got to stay very connected with our international partnerships and begin to track these folks there is a biometric effort underway which we can discuss in a closed session to make sure that we're connected and follow these folks and then there is an insurgency where many of these people will simply go underground in this same locale and stay in the fight until they're captured or killed I would just you know again remind people that that Africa is larger than China the US India and majority of Europe geographically there are over a billion people on the continent of Africa better than 50 different states or countries I should say in in Africa a lot of challenges there not possible to resolve it without without the partnerships and I just want to make sure that as we talk about the moving of any assets that that is coordinated with our partners in such a manner that they recognize that we are committed to stamping out these terrorists regardless of where they are I yield the range of my time gentleman thank you for your service thank you mr. Moulton gentlemen thank you both for your service to the country I just wanted to start general Hecker with you and the in the withdrawal from Syria we've talked a lot about how it's important to keep up the pressure on Isis and that's one of the most important lessons that we've learned overall from the global war on terror how does our precipitous withdrawal from Syria at the request of the Turkish president keep up the pressure on Isis in Syria you know it's it's a gonna be a very difficult situation what we need to do is work with our allies work with the SDF work with the surrounding countries whether that be Iraq Jordan or Turkey on how we can keep the pressure on enabling some of our partnered forces outside of Syria without having boots on the ground so general what you're saying is it does not keep up the pressure and so therefore it's gonna be difficult to do so no I said it's gonna be difficult to keep up the pressure but that's what we're doing you would you tell me with my statement that it does not keep up the pressure to withdraw from Syria I mean I will say that there will be a decrease in the amount of pressure that we'll be able to apply okay but we will still be playing a game for antics here but it's pretty clear it decreases the pressure miss mr. West your former boss secretary mattis disagreed with the president's plan to withdraw from Syria do you think he was wrong no sir thank you very much mr. West when secretary Carter came before the committee in 2017 he talked about a mission statement for the war against Isis the fight against Isis and he said the mission statement is a victory over ISIL that sticks is that still the mission statement from the department congressman I'm not sure what the specific mission statement is but I would say that since that time Isis has morphed and so we will likely need a new mission statement what I mean by that is there's a physical component to this fight the physical Caliphate is very nearly defeated and then there's a massive ideological and underground network they've globalized we can talk in a closed session about the number of countries they were in in 2014-15 in a number of countries that have Isis affiliates today so it's a different fight altogether mr. West at the time general Dunford was holding a meeting every three weeks with the Department of State and he stated that even so he was not satisfied with the level of coordination I would offer that another critical lesson we've learned from the Global War on Terror is that a military solution alone doesn't defeat the terrorists you to have a whole-of-government you need to have a political plan general Dunford certainly recognized this and he said that even meeting every three weeks was not enough to do the coordination that was required how has that improved over the last eight months that coordination sir I can answer that over the last month there's been a meeting that includes the State Department and many agencies that occurs two or three times a week mr. West you spent a lot of time in Iraq grateful for your service there what is the current purpose of US troops in Iraq and what is the counter-terror mission there so I think the purpose is twofold number one we support the Iraqi government we still do some advising and assisting of their security forces and number two this gives us regional reach mr. West I would agree with those you did not mention countering Iran which the president has stated as a new mission for the troops in Iraq do you are you aware that Congress has not given authorization to counter Iran yes sir and are you aware that our troops are in Iraq at the at the request of the Iraqi government I am fully aware of that sir so mr. West how do we deal with the fact that Iraq has indicated that it is unwilling to continue hosting American troops sir I've seen that I think I think that's mixed and we're extremely hopeful that they'll continue this relationship thank you one last question in general Hecker we talked a lot about the success of the war on terror and preventing terror attacks at home and there's some real truth of that we also heard that there are four times as many extremist Sunni extremists now than versus 9/11 how does the amount of territory compared to Sunni extremists controlled more territory now than on 9/11 or less and if you could be fairly quick in that answer that would be helpful Joan's time is expired I'll have to get back to get the exact number okay thank you general Thank You mr. chairman Thank You mr. Kirk Thank You mr. Thank You mr. chairman I want to thank the witnesses for being here and mr. West I appreciate your candid response to the comment general mattis is going to be certainly missed and in a line of questioning I'm also one of those ones that was a product of the military and for years you had the State Department over here and you had the Defense Department over here and never the two shall mix maybe that's an oversimplification of it but that was a huge huge problem and I want to go off-script just a little bit in light of the fact that very very concerned about some of our allies and I put that in quotes turkey Saudi Arabia the Emirates Qatar maybe Egypt and the issue of the Muslim Brotherhood which may have contributed obviously to a situation in Turkey and the strain on our relations on many of these host nations that we need so desperately if we're going to continue the fight in the future and of course be a key ally to Israel in your calculus when you make that up and I know we talked about Isis and we can talk about al-qaida and moss and Hospital and what-have-you but the Muslim Brotherhood at least in regards to Turkey and Egypt and Saudi Arabia depending upon what side of the fence it influences a lot of these actions or decisions can you comment on that please mr. West so the mob you on the hot seat for the Muslim Brotherhood is not a name terrorist group to my knowledge by the State Department nor do we target them in counter-terror operations no the reason I'm looking at it more I'm going into foreign affairs you know obviously if they're gonna met in Egypt or they're gonna create situations in Qatar which might straining relationships with Saudi Arabia or the Emirates and of course the bases that we have particularly in the UAE and Qatar this is going to be and and Turkey is a key NATO member and I'm just saying the that's not a variable or in general maybe I'm just worried about that situation and maybe I shouldn't be sir III don't know enough about it to answer your question general from a military standpoint NATO is huge and from a military standpoint we have no orders you know to go after the Brotherhood right now so obviously they have they have affects around the world I'm not as well-versed as well on this but it's something that we can both look at and and give you some comments back on okay thank you I you bet Thank You mr. chair violent ideologies can serve as a vehicle for legitimate local grievances ranging from the lack of Economic Opportunity to political disenfranchisement and human rights abuses how is our current counterterrorism approach addressing these underlying drivers of recruitment to both wheel Thank You congressman the the national counter-terrorist strategy does address this this is a very very difficult problem and we have not done well at this in the past I think broadly from a DoD perspective one of the lessons we learned that is that this is where we try to empower our local partners when we've tried to message especially from a military to do counter se radicalization efforts it's been challenging but we are seeing inroads at the local grassroots level general I think a lot of this you know you have to get to the non kinetic effects what can we do non kinetically to influence the amount of recruits that these radical extremists are getting and I think we were tackling that problem but I think we can put some more pressure there as well the administration considers both Syria and the Palestinian territories vulnerable to rat radicalization yet pulled back nearly 200 million dollars of reconstruction funds for Syria as well as aid to the Palestinian civilians do you agree that the administration's policy of slashing reconstruction and stabilization funds is counterproductive and actually makes it more difficult to effectively implement a counter terrorism strategy and especially when we talk about the three points of pressure that we have heard at least I heard when I was in Afghanistan in December of 2017 the best way to address many of these issues are diplomatic social and militarily so what would you say to the slashing of those reconstruction funds unfortunately I don't have the details of why those funds were slashed but I will agree with you the reconstruction efforts do help prevent recruiting and further radicalization as long as you have a security forces in place that can make sure that that the area stays relatively safe when do you think we might be able to get an update on the progress of these three approaches not just the military approach that we oftentimes hear about but the diplomatic and the social combined as a cohesive counterterrorism strategy it might be good you know instead of just having military up here is maybe we have a hearing with our state brother and we can tops talk some of the diplomatic questions that come up at the same time because you know as much as we try to get together just like general Dunford said you know three times a week isn't enough now we do have the global engagement Center which is a state department kind of run thing that we go over there pretty much weekly and we try to engage on things we have different meetings on the Joint Staff where we have ambassador calles and we have ambassador Jeffrey and that is a you know used to be a daily meeting when we are talking Syria kind of things I think the more that we can work together with the other inner agencies I think we've seen a military solution isn't working and we need to make sure that we include our diplomatic efforts in the whole of government thank you and moreover the environment here at home affects the counterterrorism operations we carry out globally the fear mongering approach of this administration which has pursued while alienating the Muslim population here at home has only made it easier for terrorists to operate especially in terms of recruitment a successful counterterrorism strategy requires a whole-of-government approach which means our messaging and actions need to be consistent and aligned I would assume you agree with that yes congressman thank you I yield back mr. bacon Thank You mr. chairman and mr. Wasco thank for being here and general hacker i said point out that i've used to work with a kernel hacker i brigadier general hacker and I got to visit him in Afghanistan and you have my utmost respect and you both do so thanks for being here I think that you know a holistic strategy is required to defeat Isis and al-qaeda kinetic targeting going after their finances the internet and how they do the recruiting their ideology is there an area that you think that we're a little light on that we need to put more emphasis in this holistic strategy yes sir the ability of terrorists to use cyberspace as their stage so more focus on going after the cyber arena how do we do a better job with the ideology portion seems to me that's their center of gravity I know we may talk about this in the next forum but this is what they used to recruit through the cyber and I don't know how we do a good job in trying to counter that ideology and can you expand on that at all how do we go about doing that can we do that on our own or do we have to use our moderate allies for example serve for specific tactics in a closed session we can go over exactly what we're trying to do in cyberspace and I think it's been very effective but stepping back more broadly in terms of the ideology it absolutely must run through our local partners okay do we have any evidence of state sponsorship of Isis or al-qaeda at this point I know we did previous decade sir that's a question for the intelligence community not to my knowledge we just maybe do one follow-on about a decade ago we we knew that Iran was harboring or sheltering some al-qaeda leadership do we have any evidence that we can talk about in this forum if that's continuing we cannot talk about that in this forum sir I appreciate the word deliberate when we talk about the pull out out of Syria I think it requires a very deliberate process I think you have bipartisan concern here if we don't do this right will allow Isis to reconstitute and that would that would be a tragic mistake now one last question in regards to the talks of the Taliban is the Afghanistan government involved in these talks I think so with what you've seen so far is the initial you know diplomatic efforts but I think to get a to get a closure to this it can't just be between the u.s. and the Taliban it needs President Ghani and needs to have the Afghan government and the Taliban that will sit down together and come up with a with an agreed-upon reconciliation and I know that that's the diplomatic efforts that we're doing right now are going towards that goal I was a little concerned with reporting yesterday that show that the government has not been involved and seems to me that they need to be an integral part of this so gentleman thank you for being here appreciate both of you and your leadership mr. Chairman I yield back Thank You mr. chairman I didn't think I'd necessarily be asking about terrorism in at the southwest border in today's hearing and I didn't think I would because as I went through the 25 page national strategy for counterterrorism the western hemisphere other than passing reference to the homeland there's no mention of the Western Hemisphere there's mention of Africa and Asia Europe in the Middle East there are 25 references to specific countries in the Middle East and no references to any nation in South Central America but general Hecker you made a comment that adds to the confusion that I have about the administration's analysis or assessment of the terrorist threat at the southern border so let me ask this question maybe you can clarify early January the press office in the White House said 4,000 known or suspected terrorists come into our country most vulnerable points of entry are at our southern border days later the DHS secretary says 3,000 special interest aliens which she defined as those terrorists travel patterns and/or known or suspected ties to terrorism she says 3,000 and that we've seen a two-fold or an increase at the southwest border now the State Department has downplayed that but your comment in response to a question and your reference to 49 buses from the southern border I just need you to clarify do we have a terrorist threat in the Western Hemisphere fear that is based in Central America and that is moving north or northward northerly to our southwest border I'm not aware of any terrorist threat on those 49 buses that and I didn't mean to imply that there is any terrorists on those four nine buses we were just asked to help because we were getting a massing of a caravan of roughly 2,000 people of which I'm not aware that there's a single terrorist in there right so we're going to imply that okay and I appreciate that you also mentioned but you couldn't complete a crisis reaction force you mention that in the context of active duty you know new active duty deployments to the southwest border are those deployments to the southwest border the most recent active duty deployments the types of forces that we typically deploy in a counter-terrorist operation no okay I think I see where the what we had is we have reserve forces that we call the crisis reaction forces that we're just going to be used against the southern border in case there was a mass okay god that we had a briefing last week I just want a clarification that you we have not we're not deploying special operators no no horses SOCOM forces to the southwest border because of some perceived or fabricate these are engineers concern a military's threat yeah these are engineers and in cops is basically what it is in the recent it is the most recent and it's roughly 240 people that left yesterday okay thank you let me shift my question sort of picks up where representative carbajal and and and Moulton were beginning with the Bush administration this may be more for mr. West the United States made a concerted effort to use foreign aid as an instrument in countering terrorism during the Obama presidency and under Republican majority Congress's foreign aid was funded at a fairly constant level of approximately fifty billion dollars annually the national strategy for counterterrorism which was released in October as you know declares that we will quote use all available instruments of United States power to counter terrorism unquote yet president Trump's budget his budgets in each of the last two years has reduced foreign aid by 25 percent each year only to have it restored by Congress do you believe that reducing foreign aid by this amount supports our strategy of using all instruments available to the United States no congressman I don't Thank You mr. chairman I yield back Thank You mr. Gallagher mm-hmm Thank You mr. chairman mr. West what is the goal of ansarullah in Yemen I think we should take that into a closed session congressman for men I would submit that the the organization's formal slogan death to America death to Israel curse upon the Jews victory to Islam gives us a sense of the general direction if the u.s. withdrew its forces from Yemen would negatively impact the saudi-led coalition ability to defeat on Sorella so I want to make clear that our counter-terror operations in Yemen are absolutely distinct from the Houthi Saudi war so what are our goals with respect to the Houthi movement and any Iranian presence in Yemen sir our counter-terror goals are distinct from from the two actors you mentioned again we in in Yemen specifically and with limits target AQAP and the ISIS Yemen factions in 2015 Houthi rebels obtained as many as six operational launchers and 33 Scud B short-range ballistic missiles do you assess that the Houthis are working to acquire additional weapons such as anti-ship missiles from Iran I don't have any information to indicate that congressman if we were to withdraw any support to our regional partners from Yemen would it in European an easy ability of the Houthis to acquire additional advanced weapons in Yemen it depends which troops but broadly yes congressman in 2016 the Houthis fired at the USS Mason do you assess that the Houthi still have a desire to attack US Navy or civilian ships in the area that's an intelligence question sir and I don't have the answer to it if provided an opportunity what kind of threat might Houthi Iranian military power in Yemen pose to the free flow of Commerce through the bab-el-mandeb Strait sir I believe that that roughly 10 to 20 percent of global oil flows go through the state perhaps a little more so it's a key strategic choke point yeah so I guess more broadly I understand that our our mission there as you put it is narrowly focused on al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula other Sunni terrorist groups that might threaten our interest should we consider designating a group like Ansar Allah as a foreign terrorist organization sir I think that's more appropriately taken on by the intelligence community just because I lack the underlying information to make that decision and looking more broadly across the region as you pursue your counterterrorism goals I would be fair to say that Isis is sort of your number one priority in the Middle East or Isis combined with al Qaeda and its adherence how then do you assess Iranian terrorist proxies in the region in other words we've put it differently if our goal and I think it is the the administration's in regional policy to roll back or roni an influence correct me if I'm wrong at that point but if that's the goal then how what is our posture with respect to Lebanese Hezbollah and other Iranian proxies in the region sir this is an authority question largely but but to what the basic goals are and when we talked about prioritization our first priority as laid out in the National counter terrorists to hit those groups that are directly threatening the homeland the Iranians are not doing that thank you I yield the balance of my time thank you just a couple quick follow-ups there because I think that's the real issue in Yemen you know long before the current Houthi uprising we had an interest in Yemen because well al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula was present there and as was mentioned in opening statements tried to conduct attacks against the US but would you consider the Houthis to be in a spiring transnational terrorist group are they more interested in what's going on in Yemen specifically and in their interests there I mean when you're looking at all these different threats personally it doesn't seem to me that's what the Houthis are trying to do now there is still a al Qaeda in there and I will emphasize that those of us who are concerned about the Saudi Arabia and UAE campaign against the Houthis have always been clear we do not want to withdraw our effort to contain the terrorism threat coming out of Yemen but the terrorism threat is not the same thing as what the Houthis are doing is that not correct not to say that there isn't a problem there but the Houthis are not actually an aspiring transnational terrorist group are they in your estimation is that part of your planning is considering that they might be planning those sorts of attacks sir there or not okay so yeah mr. keating Thank You mr. chairman mr. West your office's been tasked with the oversight of the u.s. special operations a ton sorry operations in command and you have the policy oversight over strategic capabilities and force transformation one of our strongest tools I think that we have in combating terrorism is our civilian work force and could you share with us how involved they are with the Pentagon and the various combatant command J twos and how mission-critical these civilians are and how often they're deployed in the zones war zones so the civilian military partnership is crucial and us SOCOM as you mentioned and thank you for bringing it up our special operations forces around the globe represent about 2 to 3 percent of the force but have taken about 40 percent of the overall casualties in the last two years but from what I've witnessed sitting in the seat for about 14 months the the partnership with civilians is excellent and there's a lot of intellectual firepower that comes in those ranks as well well thank you and your responsibilities to our office would really look forward to working with you to incentivize you know the civilian military people to and make sure that some of the treatment they get for instance if they are deployed in a combat zone that the same creditor kind of relief might be applied so we'd like to work with your office in that in the future and thank you for your comments in that regard quickly this week the lead inspector general put out a report that gave a status update on Oh a are the military campaign against Isis in Iraq and Syria there's a couple of quotes I'd like to share from that if Sunni socio-economic political and sectarian grievances are not adequately addressed by the national and local governments of Iraq and Syria it's likely very likely I think they said that Isis will have the opportunity to set conditions for future resurgence and territorial control they also went on to say that absence sustained counterterrorism pressure Isis could likely resurge in Syria within six to 12 months so do you that and have any confidence that the Sunni grievances will be addressed so that the conditions that are not in place for a resurgence of Isis that way those underlying Sunni grievances that were quoted in this report so that question might be more appropriately answered by my regional counterpart but I will say that I read the report that many of the conditions that gave rise to Isis still exist with one major exception and that is the SDF and the international coalition is there right now and in my judgment and as general Votel said yesterday he is supreme confidence that our special operations forces and conventional forces along with our allies can continue to keep up the pressure to prevent a resurgence I think I think the other questions I have will be dealt with in a different settings so I'll you're back mr. chairman there we go thanks so much for for coming today appreciate your time I'm struck by your title here of the the handout conditions favored expanded Isis Network insurgency in 2019 showing the growth from 2013 to 2018 worldwide would you agree that the statement that Isis may be defeated as a Caliphate in Iraq and Syria but is not defeated as a movement yes sir I do agree with that okay would you and and I think I've heard you say and I'm a green beret by background so I certainly buy into this that by with and through is kind of the operative strategy for defeating Isis particularly in Syria yes sir okay so with is is a key term there and as I understand the pullout strategy we will no longer be with our allies on the ground is that correct we will not be co-located sir yes I heard you mention remote advise-and-assist and I think reference that was successful in the past I don't know that I would agree with that statement that it was successful under the Obama administration hence why we had such a burgeoning Caliphate in the first place so can you explain to me how we plan to conduct remote vies and assist and if we need to take this in the other setting that's fine sir I would prefer we take this in the other setting and both general heckler and I can directly address this question okay would you would you just agree then that it is more effective to be with on the ground from an airstrike capability from understanding who's who in the human terrain and just generally being more effective is it more effective to be with them to be to not be with congressmen it is much more effective to be co-located with your partners okay so is the is the objective now as you understand the strategy to withdrawal or to win and to stabilize that region so that we no longer suffer attacks in the United States and and with our allies which is the strategic objective to get out or to be successful the strategic objective is to prevent an attack on the homeland even from this region and from Syria the order we've been given is a deliberate withdrawal while continuing the fight in the MuRF even though we're more effective though with and on the ground so we will we now have a less effective means to achieve that objective that do you agree with that statement and we will not be effective remotely as we will on the ground with a small force presence sir militarily we would be less effective great separately related Syria but separately the inlet pocket where al-qaeda still has a has a presence what is the what is our our strategy our terrorism strategy for for affecting al-qaeda and degrading and continue the destruction of al-qaeda in that pocket congressman that is a very important question that we need to take to a close set up do you would you say that Turkey has the same counterterrorism counterinsurgency military capability as United States no congressman okay so we have two questions here we have turkeys will to to take on Isis which I would I would submit Turkey is much more concerned with the Kurds than with Isis but then we also have the capability and if you look at the geography down in the Merve the Euphrates River Valley where Isis remains all the way in the southern part of Syria and then Turkey and the north would you say that turkey in your military opinion that Turkey has the ability the capability to destroy and to keep Isis suppressed in that pocket not without help with whose help either our help or other allies help okay separately just very my time remaining to Afghanistan and a half Afghanistan Pakistan Porter had a lot of spent a little bit of time there half the world's terrorist organizations still exist there do you think the Taliban had the capability assuming that we we buy into the fact that they have the will do they have the capability to Isis and al-qaeda out of Afghanistan when you say out you know zero well training camps the ability to then staged attacks on the United States and West is a Taliban sitting Willis i which i think is highly debatable do they have the capability the military capability if they renounce those groups to then keep them suppressed I think assuming the government has come together and you know I have Taliban as well as the annus off and AAA and they're all working together big assumption which is if you sorry we're gonna have to get this off me again you're in close don't get other members Mr Kim thank you yes thank you so much I appreciate everything that you said so far I just wanted to delve into a few things certainly with the loss of physical space that Isis has had in Iraq and Syria that is one measure of progress but we know never to underestimate the threat that is faced I remember in the early days of operation inherent resolve general Dempsey at the time often always talked about an enduring security that that was the goal this time that that during my lifetime we've had three wars in Iraq every 12 years of my life how do we make sure that this is one that's gonna be an enduring security going forward that we measure this only by whether or not it's our last war in Iraq as the benchmark for success on that front you talked about in your in your written statement that operation here resolve provides an excellent template for future operations well I agree that certainly that could be the case for when we face a crisis situation as we did in 2013 2014 we hope that we're not in that kind of situation again where it requires that level of terrorist threat before we take some actions of that magnitude now what got us in that situation in the first place was the failure to prevent these types of crises now what I saw was both the rapid rise of Isis but also the rapid attrition and degradation of the skills and capabilities of the Iraqi security forces from all levels including some of the most high performing elements like the counterterrorism services CTS so while I certainly think the train advise assist mission that we've engaged in has been successful in bolstering out those capabilities what still don't understand is what is the long-term goal and what are we trying to get towards so with that we can ensure that there's gonna be an enduring security that doesn't require a constant train advise assist physical presence on the ground so I wanted to ask what are we doing differently this time what does success look like for us when it comes to the train advise assist to make sure that those skills don't degrade and degra gait well well what I can tell you is you know the CTS took a pretty hard hit when they cleared out Isis over the last two or three years their numbers decreased the Afghan or the Iraqi National Army took a lot of casualties as we went through so we're building back up but they're a little bit tired and we've got to get their readiness going it's gonna take kind of like what we have you know in our forces it's going to take the seats yes doing special ops stuff and it's going to take the Iraqi National Army to build up and work together cohesively along with an Air Force now we have elements that are training all three of those in Iraq so we just stood up a Canadian two-star command the NATO that's called NATO NATO mission in Iraq just stood up here a couple months ago and they're going to be concentrating on the conventional forces we have an Air Force wing that's out there US Air Force that is teaching them how to how to fly f-16s and other sorts of aircraft and then we have the CT force and what we're trying to do is put that all together and make sure that they know how to interact well with one another but we're still that's going to be an ongoing mission before they can interact and be able to take care of these terrorists themselves that's helpful I think for me where I'm having trouble understanding the full totality is there will always be a use for train advise and assist so they will always be useful to helping the Iraqi security forces but what is the actual metric by which we're measuring when we no longer need a physical presence of American soldiers on the ground to be able to help them do that I think the metric is going to be when you know you have train advise assist a company if you can get rid of the accompany and just do train advise assist and then if you can get rid of the assist ie the enablers crate some of our ISR assets it's tough and then you're just training and then the obviously big metric is when you don't have to do any of it and they can take care of this all by themselves so I think you just kind of peel back the level of effort that we are participating in the CT mission and as you peel that back those are your metrics that's helpful I think just to conclude here my concern here is that we've invested a significant amount in helping the Iraqi security forces the CTS when I see that these metrics weren't engaged in the way that you would just talk to me about on the serious side I worry about how we're gonna be engaging on the Iraqi side of the equation here just with my last second I did want to just point out something which is with the global engagement center that you talked about before we still after two years don't have a director appointed to that Center so these are the types of efforts that we need to move forward on so the administration is strong on that civilian military partners thank you thank you I will point out we're gonna stop at noon because I want to get to the classified setting so we'll get to as many people as we can but that's just the way it's gonna have to happen mr. banks Thank You mr. chairman general in your opening statement you say you're right quote we assess that both Isis and al-qaeda are degraded is it not true that Isis K is growing in Afghanistan I don't have indications they're growing in the classified session I can give you the current numbers that I think they that we have in Afghanistan but I will tell you that the Cal Qaeda numbers in Afghanistan are extremely low but Isis K you can't so I just clear the record whether or not Isis K is growing in Afghanistan I have not seen this well it's well reported that Isis K is growing in Afghan dan yeah you don't agree with that I would agree that it's been stayed west we even read that Isis K is growing in Afghanistan today sir on balance if we subtract their casualties are estimated casualties that we've inflicted on them from their numbers a couple years ago I think the answer is yes okay do we believe that Isis K potentially poses a threat to the homeland the intelligence community believes that yes sir okay general Votel was quoted recently saying quote we have no illusions about reconciliation with Isis K our mission is to destroy this organization in quote how do we destroy Isis K if we pull out of Afghanistan mr. wises sir first we've we've received no orders to pull out of Afghanistan and an RCT mission there remains exactly the same which is focus and ruthless focus on Isis K and al-qaeda general can you describe the threat that Isis K poses that makes them different from the Taliban their tactics are pretty ruthless we see some of the things that they do they like high-profile attacks they like to go to downtown Kabul and take a suicide bomber and get as many civilians around them as they can and blow themselves up is it easy to speculate that if we did draw down substantially or pull out of Afghanistan that Isis K would pose a greater threat to the stability of Afghanistan the Taliban I think it depends under you know what metric we withdraw and what what reconciliate reconciliation efforts Admiral or ambassador calles ID was able to make I think if we have a United Taliban with the forces that we've been building up along and they choose big if right but if they choose to to take on Isis I think there is a time in the future where we could see them you know keeping Isis at bay mr. Weiss what do you agree with that I think that's a question for intelligence community well sir I'm not as well informed on the issues or implications and I think that requires some speculation to answer that well okay I understand you haven't received orders to withdrawal from Afghanistan or to substantially drawdown but there's been a lot it you would agree that that that appears to be the way forward that this administration is forecasting would you could you could could you not agree though that would be a dangerous path forward if Isis K is growing with the nature of the threat that they pose to not just the same ability as our threat to the homeland the way I would articulate it is that that a significant or sudden drawdown of our counter-terror ability or footprint would be a risk okay thank you I yield back well thank you gentlemen for being here this morning I just want to follow up on our earlier earlier question about the radicalization we know these terrorist groups have been done very well of using technology basically the Internet to push forth their propaganda and to recruit so just can you give me some information and what we're doing to prevent the recruitment of new members and the radicalization of individuals online congressman I'd be happy to give you that information in the closed session I think there's been a couple other questions along that line and I can give you some specifics all right thank you I yield back my time thank you very much thank you gentlemen appreciate your work we know that we have had the degradation of Isis in Syria and Iraq and that is that is very encouraging but as we have heard that those Isis fighters are going across the world and I was in the Philippines last year and very concerned with the growth of the foreign fighters there and the ISIS growing we know that 2017 Isis affiliated group took over the city of Malawi for five months and just last month a suicide bombing that killed 20 people wounding a hundred more in the Philippines so can you speak to the department's assessment of Isis current operational capacity in the indo-pacific region and then address what the DoD partnership building efforts are in that in that state yes congresswoman from a DoD perspective this is a very big problem because this franchise for lack of a better term that's grown up some of it formed from the former Abu Sayyaf but now affiliating themselves with Isis has taken the tactic of suicide bombing and employed it this is a very difficult tactic to combat and it does require the same basic template that we begun to use the world over which is a local partnership some fiscal authorities but then some presence of US forces to help them target and track because this is now happening at both a group level but also an individual level in terms of what we might call here lone wolf attacks would you say that the Isis involvement there and presence is increasing or decreasing do you think we're getting a hand on this or is this just burgeoning out of out of control trying to summon the intelligence my intelligence counterparts are better informed I would say we don't know whether we're at the outset of what will be a long term trend in terms of the migration of this ideology and an end state where you have folks committing attacks on a regular basis okay great just switching gears Isis grew due to very active recruitment efforts which I'm looking forward to hearing what we're doing to counter some of the social media recruitment but also there was a real problem at the beginning with financing I believe the report that we were given 30 million dollars a month in revenue Isis was bringing in there initially and now it's down to 1.2 million I'm and 2018 if I read that right but what is the status of the financing because that was certainly a concern that helped fuel their rapid expansion there initially so I have how successful are we on cutting off their financing where is it coming from and what are we doing to target that congresswoman are you particularly talking about the financing in the Philippines no just Isis I have some some numbers that I pulled from a classified source that I can tell you about in the next meeting but but they I can say I think at this level very broadly that Isis core has a relatively you know significant amount in their in their coffers if you will very little though in the in the philippine area there well initially they got a lot of that through the taking over the oil refined oil rigs and and shipping the oil over through turkey and then kidnapping and asking for ransom and things so what methodologies are we seeing maybe still financing or maybe that should be a next setting how are they being fired I think we can broadly talk about it the oil is not there pretty much anymore but now it's more of the robberies it's more of the kidnapping for ransom x' and those kind of activities okay thank you very much I yield back thank you mr. Lyon thank you gentlemen I'm sorry I was just in a meeting on Yemen and I understand that a bit of my question was asked already but I'll ask it more broadly what is your assessment of our competitors support for proxy groups that counter our national security objectives and do you see more Russian weapon sales or Iranian support for proxy groups and militias on the rise and if so where other than Yemen Thank You congresswoman broadly yes proxy warfare is on the rise indeed while Warfare's nature doesn't change its face has changed in the last decade and specifically as you pointed out great powers are now competing and in a regular space and we must quickly adjust and my second question has to do with whether or not you see either a rise in competition or an increasing competition between al Qaeda and Isis and is that contributing in Africa to any sort of anxiety that you have that there will be an increased influence of groups like a terrorist groups like Isis and al Qaeda congresswoman I do know that you know following the split in February of 14 I believe from Isis and al Qaeda in West Africa as you point out these groups of affiliations we've had mergers and then splits stepping back I'm not sure it matters much to us except for the fact that we've got to carefully prioritize these threats and allocate the appropriate resources to them what I mean by that is terrorists with local ambition or little capability do not deserve the same footprint or resources as those who've demonstrated the capability and will to strike the homeland and do you think if we pull out in any sort of meaningful way from participating in Yemen that there will be sort of a vacuum created between any of those groups that will increase the competition and will allow for an increased threat in the terms of sort of terrorism from al Qaeda or Isis in Yemen in terms of our counter-terrorist strategy we are ruthlessly focused on al Qaeda and Isis and we can should continue to have a presence because these groups have not only threatened us but demonstrated the capability to do so against the homeland thank you gentlemen okay we're gonna wrap wrap up and go upstairs for the classified briefing but mr. Thornberry has has a follow-up we'll wrap up with that and then we're gonna go upstairs to 2212 mr. West I want to follow up on an answer you gave to mr. Gallagher while ago about Iran's intention or efforts to conduct terrorist attacks inside the United States I noticed that last week in his worldwide a threat sment world threat assessment the Director of National Intelligence listed at least two incident incidents in his chart where less Lebanese Hezbollah had attack planning disruptive disrupted including operatives detained arrests to discovery of West weapons explosive caches detection of surveillance inside the United States now I presume that you would not disagree that whether that at least their proxies have made efforts to conduct terrorist attacks inside the United States that that author is far more informed than I am congressman okay just just a thank you mister thank you all right we are adjourned and we will reconvene probably like five minutes maybe ten if gentlemen need a brief break upstairs in twenty two twelve thank you | U.S. House Armed Services Committee | UCD506yORW2voSanqEgLOUIQ | 2019-02-06 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 18,355 | 101,899 |
98OBZrlb_d8 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=98OBZrlb_d8 | HUGE NEW DOLLAR TREE HAUL | NEW WOOD ITEMS AT DOLLAR TREE | DOLLAR TREE SCHOOL SUPPLY MAKEOVERS | I am so grateful and excited that you guys decided to click on this video because I have a Dollar Tree haul plus a few DIYs that you're not going to want to miss hi guys my name's Melissa welcome back to All Things crafty or welcome if you are new again I am so grateful that you're here I would love if you would stick around and become part of my crafty family I am pregnant currently with my third technically my fourth because I do have a stepson who I consider my own but this is my third baby that I carried myself and it is a boy I have two girls six almost two and now I am pregnant with baby boy and I have a huge goal of getting to 100K by the time he's here in October and I cannot do that without your help so please share this out hit that thumbs up and let's Jump Right In I do have them like kind of categorized for you guys that way we're not just grabbing at random but I am going to start with all of the new wood stuff that I found at crafter square and then we'll get into like the school supply stuff and yes it is school supplies but just stick with me because I promise you I have some really good ideas for them the first item that I picked up now I have seen a lot of people haul these I have also hauled the flat ones so these are kind of raised around the edges which I absolutely love and it's real wood and then it's got the chalkboard I did see the ones with the dry erase I'm just not a big fan of those so I did go ahead and pick up four of the chalkboard houses now Dollar Tree is really impressing me with their wood items of course you can go to Home Depot I'm sure you can find this stuff a lot cheaper but a lot of you guys I know don't have saws don't have anything to cut down your wood so this is an amazing option if you need wood to build a frame or to do whatever it is that you're gonna do and you just don't want to cut they have a bunch of amazing sizes so a lot of things that you can do without a saw that's why I love these I don't always want to pull out a saw but anyway these are 12 inch chunky slats and I did pick up four of them I kind of have an idea but I'm not sure if that's what I'll do um but again I love love having these on hand now this item is not new but I just used these in my last video where I made this amazing porch sign and it had a little planner box at the bottom it's so cute if you did not see that video I will link it in the cards in the right hand corner for you guys that way it should be right here I'll link it in the right hand corner that way if you guys have not seen that video trust me you don't want to miss it but I did use these it just says wood plank boards [Music] measure for you guys baby boy so weird my belly is shaped so differently from my girls it's just like really strange because in my mind I thought like the pregnancies would be so similar and they're just not their complete polar opposite but I'm so thankful for the experience I'm thankful that I got to experience a boy pregnancy I never forget that there are people out there who are not as lucky so anyway all right so these are 11. by five and a half which I feel for real wood I mean it's cheap wood it's not the best wood in the world world it has a lot of flaws one side of it is super um rough while the other side is smooth so just keep that in mind but I mean you guys for a dollar and a quarter what do you really expect you know oh this is so annoying all right there we go buy five and a half so I thought I picked up four but I guess I only picked up three of those I'll have to I don't like that uneven numbers my kids are with me this day and they were being crazy so everybody keeps asking me about my hair how did I put it up y'all it's so easy you just part it wherever you want to part it you twist it around a few times you don't want to twist it too much because then you won't get that little poof you're looking for so then I just kind of twist it around like that hold it in place clip it and call it a day still gonna do that thing oh well I just got my hair cut so it's all weird anyway moving on to the next item thank you guys for hanging out with me my hauls are more of like a hangout session yes I buy the items to show you guys but I more so just like to chat I like to hang with you guys so that in mind that's not your cup of tea I totally understand it I have plenty of DIY videos for you guys to check out so the next items that I picked up are these new wood plaques now I have a feeling that I I think these are from last year at Halloween don't quote me but I don't know I just like when I picked them up something flashed in my mind from last year at fall time and I could only find one of each they're such a different size than the bigger ones that I wanted to get a few of them but for now I found one of each that's good enough this kind of reminds me of like mirror mirror on the wall you know and then this one even this one kind of reminds me of that I don't know let me know what you guys think what does this remind you of but I thought they were super cute so picked up one of each and then y'all I have been searching high and low for these my store never got them in until the other day when I saw them so I picked up three packs each there was plenty on the Shelf I do try to be mindful of like leaving items for other people I don't ever want to clear out a store and take the last and then other people can't find this stuff so when I grab I always make sure that there's some left over so anyway I picked up the wood Rings whoa and they come in two different sizes so this one is the smaller version and the smaller ones come with six in a pack so I picked up like I said three of those and then the bigger ones only come with five in a pack so I picked up three of those as well now we're getting down to the wire with the craft items but I think this is a good deal again I have seen people haul these my store never got these in I have a ton of wood beads so I more so just picked these up to haul them and I also kind of want to compare them from the would-be from the unfinished wood beads that I get off Amazon so I'll let you guys know what I find but I only found one pack of these in my store so I did pick those up and it's got a variety of different beads in it which I can appreciate especially if you don't want to go buying a whole big pack um this is perfect okay guys and then the last two craft items that I picked up are the faux leather now if you guys remember I did haul the navy blue and the white I don't think I hold this color I don't know you guys can let me know my pregnancy brain ain't the best so I wouldn't be surprised if I did haul it and just don't remember but if I remember correctly I don't think that I found the brown one so I did find it I picked it up I think it's such a gorgeous color okay so the last item that I picked up is this burlap crafting fabric I've never seen this before I've seen burlap ribbon but I've never seen it in the Crafters Square um brand and I have never seen it this size either it's probably like a two inch three inch yep three inches so um they had like a whole bin and they were kind of topped like I'm glad that I was really looking good because I wouldn't I wouldn't have found them and they were where like all the colorful beads and all that kind of stuff was down on the bottom shelf so you guys might just want to look there if you're looking for these I picked up two rolls of the burlap fabric okay now we're gonna move on to the school supplies and I am so impressed with Dollar Tree school supplies they have really stepped up their game the quarter increase was amazing I actually heard people in the store talking about it they were like I'm not so mad about the quarter increase now because they really have good items and I was just chuckling in my head because it's true they do have a lot better items now they do still have items that are not worth a dollar 25 so you just gotta cut you just kind of got to weigh your options and and see if you feel it's worth it or not so anyway the first thing I picked up was a locker rug and I did not even realize that it was a locker rug until I just pulled it out I honestly thought that it was like a pencil case or something so I picked up one of those and um yeah I probably won't use this for a locker rug obviously but you know what my thought was for this this would make an amazing like dust drag or washcloth or I was thinking dish um oh my goodness come on brain let's go I was thinking a cleaning rag a dust rag so that's what I'm gonna use mine for if I can get to it before my kids do my kids will probably claim it before I have a chance to use it but once I figured out that it's a locker rug that's where my mind went I also picked up one pack of index cards and I like these because not only is it pink Pink's my favorite color if you guys have been around for any amount of time then you know but I love the fact that it has these little dividers in here I actually do use index cards um quite a bit now the these are cheap they're not very great index cards so just keep that in mind they're thin most index cards are on like a thicker paper so these are pin yeah they're pen good Lord these are thin pages kind of like a notebook they're a little bit thicker than a notebook but just keep that in mind if you pick a pack of these up but that doesn't bother me so anyway I picked up one pack of those I also was really impressed with these I actually got these for my shed to stick on the side of my um workbench my tool tool bench workbench whatever you like to call it that's where I film and things magnetized to the side so I also did a video on how I use the pegboard system on my craft table so I will also link that in the cards in the right hand corner if you guys have not seen that video but these are magnetic locker box pockets foreign so you can stick that wherever your fridge I'm also going to put one on my fridge um that way I can keep the pens and stuff up away from Miss Isabella because somehow someway she always ends up with the pens so I actually picked up three of these and they have two different colors one is Pink and then obviously the other one is teal so I picked up two pink one teal so the next items items are along the lines of all those pop dot toys whatever they're really starting to come out with a ton of stuff in this pop Dot design I guess I don't really know what you want to call it but the first thing we picked up and I had my girls with me so of course they were like Mom can I have this can I have that and I'm gonna just like whatever just throw it in so this is a let me take it out a package so this is a pop snap Carabiner zipper case so I thought that was so fun to put like change in or you know whatever um thought that was really cute so we picked up one of those it's good for ASMR do you guys watch ASMR I love I'm addicted to it I never watched it before like I don't know maybe two months ago I really had no idea about the whole ASMR community and ever since it came up on my feet on Tick Tock like now I cannot get enough of ASMR I love it and I cannot sleep without it every single night now so that's what remind me of that but anyway and then the next two items that I picked up are pretty much the same items they're just a different shape but I did get one for each of my girls because they fight over everything so they are pop snap notebooks like what how stinking cool is that [Applause] [Music] so stinking cute and my six-year-old loves to Doodle and draw and have little notebooks and stuff like that so I knew this would be perfect for her Izzy is a little bit tricky because she's young but if I get her in her chair and get her sitting down she's fine so anyway how cool is that now there's not many pages in The Notebook but whatever what are you gonna do for a dollar 25 um but anyway I thought they were pretty cool and there are a ton of different colors I got some footage in the store so I will pop that up on the screen for you guys of all the different shaped pop snap notebooks so the next item that I picked up are these dry erase boards now I love how they do the colored themes like everything is matchy matchy I love to match so I can definitely appreciate that um but they love to play with these they wipe up really easily so I picked up one of each for my girls um and they have magnets on them so again if you want to put that on your fridge or you know wherever then you're able to do that sorry and then for me because I want to do something with these I picked up the gray one so the gray and the pink were the only two colors that I saw at my store if you guys have seen any different color dry erase boards let me know what colors you guys have found you know what you guys I was gonna spray paint this but being as though it's gray um it would definitely go but I don't know we'll see I think I'm just gonna leave this gray since that's already farmhouse the next items that I picked up are composition notebooks now before you guys start coming at me in the comments talking about you can get those cheaper blah blah blah blah I know this you guys okay I know this I am a Shopaholic I shop online I shop at Walmart in the store like I'm a shopaholic so I'm pretty aware of what the prices are however these designs were so stinking cute that I just couldn't pass them up and I also liked this plastic material that it's um that is the cover so that is why I picked up these I picked up two and my daughter can use these in school so I picked them up mainly for her but I do like to write stuff down for like you know work and stuff I have going on so um I might keep one of them but I picked up two in the plasticy cover whatever you want to call it one is that pink that goes with the other items and then again that teal that also goes with the other items [Music] they also have or I should say they have a hundred sheets each and they are 9.75 by 7.5 inches that's the measurements for a dull moment over here y'all and then the last two composition notebooks I picked up were this gorgeous little design I love the colors and it's got glitter and the glitter is not like falling off it's actually like um glue glitter almost or glitter glue if you will so I definitely can appreciate that and then the last one that I picked up I love this saying I say it all the time it is a great day to do great things and actually I don't say great things I say it's a great day to have a great day or it's a good day to have a good day or whatever but I just love affirmations like this so that's why this one [Music] stole my heart it's got gold letters it's got the pink cover which by the way is really thick and sturdy so there's that never had hot flashes with my girls one second I'm hot one second I'm cold I'm starving all the time I'm tired all the time but I'll miss it when he's out so I'm not complaining trust me okay moving on so I am really impressed that they're doing this whole matchy thing like I told you but they are doing it with patterns so look at this cute little caddy we know this caddy before we I we've seen these a million zillion times but I've never seen them with the little designs on it so they had and they have like four different designs I believe it's avocado um Dinosaurs the rainbow and I can't remember what the other thing is and they have a bunch of products that match with these [Music] so that is the little pencil case in that Rainbow theme and I'm not really too keen on this material it definitely feels cheap but there's the tag I've never seen that brand before so there is the brand sorry y'all I had to get me a little snack and I had to turn my air on because I was about to die I get these from Dollar Tree this is like my weakness right now sour bright crawlers love them so much thank God for ketones for food Freedom if you guys want any information on how I recently lost 60 pounds in six months shoot me a message on Facebook that says ketones I will get you guys all set up with information and my Facebook link is in the description box below and I will also leave it in the pinned comment for you guys so anyway moving on um I picked up one of these little cups again along that same matchy matchy and this is a good sized cup too pencil holder I said cup it's a pencil holder so [Music] they also have lunch boxes that match you guys like what now again they're cheap they're not the best lunch boxes and I did not find any with the Rainbow on it however I did see the other three designs so I don't know if maybe just somebody bought up all the Rainbow one or what I don't know let me open it for you guys it is insulated on the inside so that's cool there you go how cute is that for a dollar 25 I think that's a steal especially because it's insulated in the inside so I did pick up one of those and then the last matchy-matchy item that goes with the Rainbow theme that I picked up is This Book Bin I love these for so many different things I didn't I don't know if you guys know this but you can use these to store your Tupperware lids and it kind of keeps it nice and organized but I do have another idea in mind for this so I picked up one of those foreign [Music] and then I also picked up one letter tray um it did come in pink and teal I believe so like this kind of stuff that was all with like the locker stuff they also had a ton of new locker stuff stuff you can put pictures in foreign [Music] with the amount of like Locker decor and locker items that they had the next item that I picked up are these um zebra pencils and I thought they were super cool because at first I thought that they were regular pencils but come to find out they're actually mechanical pencils and I just love stuff like that so I picked up one pack of those I'll probably split these with my daughter [Music] and then for their dry erase boards and my dry erase board I did go ahead and pick up different colored dry erase markers um I picked up two packs of just the basic color colors and then I also picked up one pack of the colorful markers foreign [Music] along the lines of pens and stuff like that um I am a sucker for any type of fine point pen rather it's a ballpoint or a felt tip I'm just like a pen freak I love pens I don't know what it is about it if you guys are a pen freak office supply freak as well let me know down in the comments um because I'm very much that person but these are the Optimus brand that Dollar Tree carries and they are uh two felt tip pens assorted ink fine point and the only colors that I saw were these ones that I picked up so if you guys have seen like more colors than this let me know and I'll be on the hunt for them so I picked up the like blue teal the pink and purple and then the purple and the purple or I guess it's like Periwinkle I don't know purple and Periwinkle who knows I only picked up one of each of those okay guys that was it for all of the school supplies and office supplies now I'm gonna show you the stickers that I picked up I only picked up a couple packs because um all the other stuff I have and are not new but I have not seen these yet so they are really paying attention to us I I always always say that because just the stuff that they end up coming out with is a lot of like the stuff that we do or use or whatever in the Dollar Tree DIY community so so it says Like This Is Us bless this house home the story of who we are so it's just a bunch of like Farmhouse sayings with Greenery so love that and then the next one I picked up pretty much same thing different designs [Music] foreign [Music] foreign [Music] for this haul the last item that I picked up is this new Palmolive spray away quickly dissolves stuck on Grease I have never seen this before um and since moving into my new house and it's definitely a change going from hand washing your dishes all the time to putting them in a dishwasher and I just think it's a little silly how you kind of have to wash your dishes before you put them in the dishwasher anyway so it kind of confuses me a little bit on like kind of what is the point of a dishwasher I mean I understand I'm very grateful for my dishwasher I do use it like almost every single night but I'm just saying it's a little silly that you have to wash the dishes before you put them in the dishwasher so anyway I grabbed this to see if this would help my calls I use my air fryer a lot so I'm always scrubbing that grate that's on the inside of it so I will let you guys know if this is worth the dollar 25 or if you should just save your money and um grab something else so okay you guys that was it for this haul I hope you guys enjoyed it I hope you guys enjoyed all the DIYs that I showed you as well and I hope you guys will hit that subscribe button if you haven't already share with your family and friends if you think that they would enjoy it as well if they just want to hang and chat I would love that again my Big Goal before this baby boy is born in October is a 100K um it seems really really hard to get there but I know that with a lot of hard work and dedication and your help I know that we can get there together so guys don't forget if you guys need Ketone info check the pin comment check the description box below I would love to help you guys feel better again that's the only reason I do it um is to help you guys so with all that being said thank you so much for hanging out with me today if nobody has told you today you're absolutely stunning you are gorgeous girlfriend you are worthy you can do anything you set your mind to I love you guys so much I'll catch you in the next one bye foreign check out the videos that are popping up here to your left while you're waiting on my next upload or join the DIY fam here to your right [Music] | All things Crafty | UCH8llCh5Q1XOIAnmD8DDUKQ | 2022-07-08 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 4,539 | 21,883 |
TTuGgi6ljNo | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TTuGgi6ljNo | Dr. Ebaugh Arthritis Prevention | Video #2 | I'm Dr pierce ebaugh with the Orlando Healthcare Orthopedic Institute so if you've already been diagnosed with anchor arthritis by an orthopedic surgeon there's multiple ways that we can treat rank arthritis without surgery injections from whether it be PRP cortisone to bracing which basically limits some of the motion of your ankle and if it doesn't move very much it tends to hurt quite a bit less as well as shooter changes that allow you to roll through your gait a little bit more where we prevents your ankle from having to move quite as much oral and topical anti-inflammatories finally which we try to avoid as lifestyle changes you know the the point of our job is to keep you moving and doing the things that you enjoy and if we're having to stop you from doing those things to to continue damage or uncontrolled pain then I think it's often time to kind of take it up to the next level | Orlando Health | UCASR7nz9vIDOShxdeUplrxg | 2023-01-18 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 164 | 898 |
ZhTC9i-EA50 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZhTC9i-EA50 | Championship Game Axis football 2018 Jaguars vs Ravens | okay I'm back this time it's the Jaguars Super Bowl access Bowl championship promotion game whatever you want to call it Jags versus Baltimore and like the last video I'm going to go through the offseason stuff at the end if anyone wants to see that let's see man look at all these injuries take a look here okay I don't know how that happened but somehow there's a running back and it the right tackle I must have been an auto sub error all right the only injury I'm really concerned about is a tight in because he's been good for me but that doesn't seem to be anybody better than who I have mmm if I'd be better subbing in a wide receiver and the wide receivers can block both of these guys look like they're blow was offensive lineman rod this guy can catch so let's do that we'll put him up OOP too far play game oh this is Baltimore at home the throw backs throw back way alt Oh God the mustard uniforms let's go throw back home yeah what the hell that looks good but we can use the actual Baltimore Stadium I believe is here somewhere there it is gonna have good weather max difficulty Oh experts are split again yeah that's why they play the game hopefully the stream doesn't mess up it's like it's okay might be okay everyone here at the exes Sports Network this is Dave Stephens and I'm joined by analyst Mike Steele thanks Dave you know no disrespect but all the pregame shows the hours of analysis it's all meaningless now two teams gonna kick off this game their side since training camp and neither of them is going before that game Jax is looking to pass second down the white out wasn't too quick to give that pass up for a second you wonder if it wasn't just embedded into his hands ha to get satisfied that's a great pitching catch for the first day brings up second down second down [Applause] and he won't make it very far before being dragged down crap single hostage vegan squads yes sometimes you have to have that gunslinger mentality and take a shot to keep the defense on their toes it didn't work out that time but it will still let the D know that this QB isn't afraid to test them deep Wilson takes the kick [Applause] [Music] [Applause] setting up shop from the mansard going right at the carrot that brings up second down pinches it out to number 27 know the moves ain't working sugar number five dropping back makes the kid out there for dude wide open side touchdown [Applause] twenty-seven tight end on the right side changes the play assignment here comes the Blitz oh my god this [ __ ] slow touchdown because the defender knows excellent job the away team nothing no these guys are looking over to the defense this is a good position for offense to be in it's a one score game and they've got a good opportunity to go down the field and get some points a rocketship a defense it's hard to do Dave but you've got to let it go own the mistake and move forward this QB is better than that one mistake the away to long time off the clock and grab another score second down dings what do the sidelines alright third down and long number five steps back into the pocket uncorks this one up the middle that brings up converts from 49 yards out the away team has another score ten nothing in many ways this one was not the game we expected Dave but certainly this type of lead has made a statement the home team needs to execute on this drive if they want to start eating away at that lead they've let the other team build up on them Jackson tosses one out second down he fires a pass incomplete [Applause] this is exactly why third and long is so hard by then the QB is under pressure and forced to make a difficult throat get up the sideline 18 the offense needs to just play it safe here and focus on keeping the ball in their possession as long as possible first down team uses their first timeout second down he tosses it to the runner he's going he's going touchdown awesome [Applause] 26 the home team needs to execute on this drive if they want to start eating away at that lead they've let the other teams build up on them seven nice throw and pass to pick up the first down there Jackson drops back no 25 I bet the quarterback wishes he could have that one better Jackson throwing that one statistic in football if the defense can prevent it out there the momentum built up from that turnover the reason for a lot of the drop passes is that the receiver is thinking about what moves he's about to do surprised a bit and they were able to prevent the touchdown nothing you see the defense almost motion to clear some room in the bench these guys are getting winded overall today they've been outperformed on offense it's time for them to buckle down and get things moving if they want any chance of turning things around number ten with the cash good enough for a first down when you can keep the sticks moving quickly like that it's a good way that build momentum on a drive Jackson drops back he is made at the 46 and that's enough for a first down this is not the type of offense you want to hand momentum like this too they have some real threats on the field for the second quarter the away team that achieves out of reach already not the Night Elves as well takes the 18 let's go down to our own Emma Adams who has an update for us thanks Dave I had a chance to discuss the first half with the coach for the home team signals on the field he hands it to the runner will bring up second down [Applause] nice [Applause] number five under center oh that's the situation we're progressing down to your check down receive the best way to show appreciation to the defense for forcing a turnover is to go drive down the field and turn it into a score that brings up second down like there was a very small window at the back was working with there and he slung it in there steps back into the pocket number 12 up to the 25 the home team could really use a big play here on defense something to Sparkle back number 27 takes the ball checking down for the away team can't reel it in number 5 lighting up under center he Rockets the pass up beyond the first down good enough for a first down first down immediately 32 this is coming alive second down and long number five signals to change the play that brings up a crucial third down not the situation the offense wanted to be in on third down let's see what they come up with dropping back 17 that'll be enough for the first down that signals the end of the third way to 24 three Ian have that number five the QB tosses one oh he's going he's going oh [Applause] first and goal number five drops back setting up the street yo-yo through his feet dang ii didn't go there calling an audible at the line as an unfit met crease five defensive backs Hado the away team 31 three they just keep pouring it on Dave but that's the competitiveness of this league you can't let off the throttle he's brought down after a return of 26 overall today they've been outperformed on offense it's time for them to buckle down and get things moving if they want any chance of turning things around quick first downs like that keep the defense guessing first down call their first timeout here move the chains huge play here Dave nearly broke it light overnight they've got the makings of a fantastic trip here second down the a-team will accept the penalty so many penalties are just mental mistakes he sets up and throws to the watch for the defense to switch into a nickel or dime set here to take advantage of an extra defensive back or two back when I was playing if a receiver if we running up and down the home team gets us to second down number five signals to change the play makes the handoff to those 24 that's going for another one I don't care who's on the defense you execute blocking assignments like that and the runners going to find pay dirt every time the 333 we've talked about it a few times Dave they're really playing a complete game this go-round 26 the home team has dug themselves into quite a hole here they've got a chance to regain some of that on this Drive [Applause] he drops back to pass he stopped that'll give them the fresh seven pounds dropping back nine second down got him again [Music] this is a clear choice for me today I'm selecting number 27 Oh [Music] right promotion to tier 2 see what we got player progressions bortles regrets big shock for net and proved that's pretty awesome I'd really much change it the Titans Wow beanie blasts progressed that's weird everybody in the wide receivers DB's got better now the real questions gonna be can we afford to recent Jesus and anybody that watched my last offseason part for the other game for some reason the NFL mod isn't giving you money at the end of the season I don't know why I know if you win the championship they give you less than if you do poorly but this is what I had left after sign of free agents during the season the fill holes in the roster so be interesting to see what we end up having to do to make that work Sheldon day is retired retired at the age of 28 that's odd did progressions go to the draft hmm I don't even know what we need better DB's running backs are fine maybe use a stud tight-end Alice guy can't block at all things here's a decent wide reciever offensive lineman No Oh take this guy's dB this guy might as well be a wide receiver if he can't block he's not even that big see similar speed slightly less catching mediocre blocking but slows molasses and again the sky that's like a linebacker he's got the speed let's get a speedy linebacker DP speed V Plus speed take him now cubies left my receivers I'll just take this guy just to finish out the draft all right 24 million penalties it saves me twelve million dollars check out the free agent pulled quarter bags this guy's reasonable no see what else we got here all right all the running backs are locked I need sign these guys I can't probably cheaper wide receivers we signed this guy 600,000 hell yeah this guy's 600,000 get rid of him I'll say I've got one two three four five six out of lineman signed the rookie a one-year deal release him sign this guy cuz these cheap 800,000 that's what I'm talking about 1.9 and we can do that probably don't need any more defensive lineman [Music] all right sign this guy cuz he's cheap man I gotta let some high-dollar person go in there okay hmm let's see if I ditch bortles will save me 12 million for Nets the entire team so I can't really do that it's the big dollar get rid of some of these high-dollar defensive linemen damn good hmm seemed to have way too many players to all right well let's wheedle it down this guy play for 700,000 this guy will play for 2.3 that's too expensive let's get this guy probably more than enough DVS particularly great but see one two three four five six these guys I've got way too many defensive linemen rid of these guys got7 definitely trim some fat if I gotta get there these guys are too expensive grab somebody free agency don't need 4 Titans Jakob's what's the one that with it up anyway cuz this dude was out half the season need five dudes I got a did somebody big dollar can I live without Blake bortles probably seven mil all right goodbye Blake gives us some money to work with now how much does this guy want well accurate the fact he's slow as hell this is this guy I could probably win with Chad Henne if it comes down to it I guess I could have traded bortles but I'm just trying to save cap room Erik Estrada that's a fun made-up name for a football player I don't set weights from any running bags man I could get rid of TJ Yeldon but he was a good stand-in when fournette was hurt he was out there for wide receivers nobody alright I guess I gotta sign the guys I have one year these guys are taking less okay this guy's not taking this oh come on seriously fine everyone's so greedy all right who's left everybody signed that's on the team I need five dudes five really cheap dudes let's get a C linebacker get this guy scraping the barrel there we go dan your league minimum plenty of linebackers comprise one more defensive lineman this guy this guy more worried about this guy there we go 600,000 okay three more people which is 1.5 million he's terrible 900,000 take him get the sheep offensive linemen all right where we at probably take one more offensive lineman actually I must get rid of Dante Fowler people were looking for well they're looking for defensive lineman kind of get a stud by receiver Jameson Crowder hmm or if they give me Vernon Davis or Jordan Reed for a little need for Dante Fowler says you need D lineman what the hell all right how about there another Titan okay now we've got Vernon Davis for whatever that's worth I should have tried to trade bortles but no one's ever looking for a quarterback at this stage all right take one more cheap offensive lineman and that should squeak us into the 53-man not this guy 700,000 cha-ching okay 800,000 [ __ ] she leaves us with 800 that's you know I have to get into some cuts if we get to the season then someone gets hurt all right so it's just a little bit of a demonstration and all season it's not real in-depth but it's fun I mean you have a budget you have a draft player progressions start the next season promoted to tier 2 apparently I simulated the first game by mistake and we lost to Minnesota so that stinks but nobody got hurt all right I have to learn how to play all over again so I don't have Blake bortles to bail us out every time but I think Leonard fournette will carry the team apparently lotzie registered to 61 so I think we'll be fine all right I don't know if you caught the last video or stream or whatever but I'm gonna take a little break from access football I'm gonna get in some others things been playing the division 2 beta this weekend and I should be getting it when the release date comes out I'm waiting for a key to unlock and I'm also gonna get into streaming some space engineers medieval engineers if anyone cares about that stuff not gonna give up on access and just gonna take a break since seven playing it almost daily for the last couple of weeks so catch you later | Diversionary Tactics | UC9yfT2Rt_yIuZRKzWSJOPkw | 2019-03-05 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 2,697 | 14,164 |
SDJyQ5WToYk | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SDJyQ5WToYk | Making a Dark Synth Beat For Travis Scott's Album UTOPIA (FL Studio 21) | so the album Utopia released three weeks ago and since then many producers have made videos breaking down the techniques used on the album or them making beasts in the style of the album including myself the most important thing I took away from all these videos is that the Beats on Utopia act as something to the experienced and more of a fleshed out composition rather than just a Travis Scott 2023 type B so unlike my last video today I'm going to be taking inspiration from my favorite tracks on the album to make a beat in the style of utopia alright to stop the track I'm going to use the song hyena as my reference since it's probably my favorite track on the album and its main features are the hard-hitting drums which are produced using techniques called layering and Sample reconstruction which you can learn more about in navidi's video pretty standard stuff but I can't really get a wide gritty sound of the drum Loop without stacking multiple drum samples on top of each other so I'm gonna try that now so I've collected a couple of drum sounds here I'm just going to try and program a really simple hard-hitting drum room thank you foreign [Music] I think that's fine right yeah that'll be fine that won't clash for the low end but you can really hear the difference though like if I mute everything [Music] compared to this next thing I'm going to want to do is add a baseline I'm actually using the 808 from sirens [Music] foreign [Music] Loop but I still don't have that Kanye West Sound that I'm looking for so I'm gonna get a bit creative I'm gonna grab a bunch of percussion and lay them on top of each other and just remove everything that I don't like so I'm left with only the subtle percussive elements and hopefully that gives me the sound I'm looking for thank you [Music] I like that one finally finished chopping up all the drum moves definitely didn't take me like 35 minutes this is what I've come up with to be fair that sounds cold don't normally make a Melody after the drums but for this part of the track it's secondary to the drums so I'm going to use something simple and subtle just to round it all off [Applause] foreign subtle but surely I have to use that like I have to it goes perfectly with the bass line as well it's like the same root notes all right I'm gonna add some effects to this and see what it sounds like [Music] all right I didn't add anything too crazy to the melody the main thing was I've just added half time to it because there was a bit too much going on for me but this is what the first part of the track sounds like altogether thank you [Music] it's not as gritty as the final drum loop I think I can make it work in the track that I have in mind so I'm okay with that so I'm going to add like a bridge section inspired by telekinesis with a bunch of accents and pads going on in the background I'm also just going to add a Tempo automation clip just to keep everything organized I think what I'm gonna do which is what I did last time is just Spam synth Palace and prod by Luna accents they carry me through most of my Beats these days so [Music] I'm going to start a new pattern and then lay some chords Down real quick foreign [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Applause] [Music] I don't want to add anything too aggressive yet but I'm going to run in respace to round off this part of the sample before I start changing the chords [Music] that sounded good to me but before I change the chords again in the bridge section I'm going to add a couple more melodic elements [Music] and in this small Gap I'm just going to clone the cords and then change them slightly so that we can move easily into C minor [Music] thank you all right so for the second part of the track round 1 47 BPM and inspired by the track of my eyes so we're just going to reuse some of the same sounds we've used already in the bridge I'm going to change most of the chords and add a couple more melodic elements [Music] thank you [Music] foreign over the top I kind of want a bass line on this now [Music] my CPU is dying from all the effects Jesus [Music] thank you and now I've played the chord again with an analog Lab 5 preset which I've had to bounce out because my PCS die the presets called Blackbird I believe it's in the Coastland bank I'll put it on screen now foreign [Music] I'm just going to program a really simple trap pattern similar to the one in my eyes and then arrange the beat [Music] all right [Music] foreign [Music] the drums are done so last thing I'm going to do is I'm going to level everything arrange the B and then see what it sounds like with an acapella [Music] all right so I finished arranging the final B I've added a couple of orchestral elements here and there just to make the different sections lead into each other a bit better I've also added a couple of acapella to this just to see what it sounds like let's just see how it goes yeah okay this [ __ ] is out of control [Music] I'm trying to hear what you deny you can't close [Music] thank you look at my eyes tell me you'll tell do you see the road in my face in my picture perfect yeah [Music] give me a smile yeah yeah [Music] I'm coming to drink the [ __ ] baby baby okay I'm pretty happy with how that turned out I'm still not really happy with how quickly the first section goes into the bridge like the changing BPM is too sudden for me so I'm very happy I went back to this concept and made a second video on it even though I don't think I've done that yet on this channel also just thought I'd say a big thank you to all the people on screen for inspiring me to make this because otherwise I probably would have just stayed with the first video hopefully if you're looking for some Inspirations this video helped you in some way of course if you enjoyed feel free to like And subscribe let's listen to the beat and see what I could do better for next time [Music] my middle trying to hear what you deny you can't close [Music] | Kodru | UC6xia1Yf7yg8aqGJZFl3pWA | 2023-08-19 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 1,151 | 5,984 |
QvofQHAeHos | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QvofQHAeHos | Critical Materials for Information Technology-Part-1 | hello students this is our eighth lecture in the series advanced materials for energy and information technology in this lecture we shall discuss about the critical materials crucial for development and evolution of different apparatuses and machines related to information world since beginning until now there are 1.3 trillion materials that humankind have tested to find the best suited one which could prove as a turning point to develop the world of information this lecture is in four parts and divided into two lectures so here is the first part the contents we shall cover under the topic crucial materials are vacuum tubes transistors silicon chips microprocessors storage artificial intelligence quantum computing display technology in this lecture we shall cover the vacuum tubes the earliest vacuum tubes evolved from incandescent to light bulbs containing a filament sealed in an evacuated glass envelope when hot the filament releases electrons into the vacuum a process called thermionic emission turning the switch to on closes the circuit electrons flow from the battery's negative terminal to the bulb's filament to the battery's positive terminal the filament has greater resistance than the rest of the electron path as a result it becomes hot since there is no air in the ball it does not burn up but instead glows giving of light turning the switch to off opens the circuit and electrons cannot flow these were invented during 1880. a second electrode the anode or plate will attract those electrons if it is at a more positive voltage the result is a net flow of electrons from the filament to the plate however electrons cannot flow in the reverse direction because the plate is not heated and does not emit electrons the filament or the cathode has a dual function it emits electrons when heated and together with the plate it creates an electric field due to the potential difference between them such a tube with only two electrodes is termed as diode and is used for rectification a rectifier is an electrical device that converts alternating current ac which periodically reverses direction to direct current bc which flows in only one direction [Music] vacuum tube diode is a device that controls electric current between electrodes in an evacuated container vacuum tubes mostly rely on thermionic emission of electrons from a hot filament or a cathode heated by the filament this type is called a thermionic tube or thermionic walls a phototube however achieves electron emission through the photoelectric effect here is shown a collection of different kinds of vacuum tubes the fleming wall also called fleming oscillation valve was a vacuum tube or thermanic wall invented in 1904 by john ambrose fleming as detector for receivers used in electromagnetic wireless telegraphy it was also the first diode an electronic component which conducts current in one direction only and would later be widely used as a rectifier a device which converts alternating current into direct current the first prototype flaming valves built during october 1904 is shown here in australian wall the heated filament or cathode is capable of harmonic emission of electrons that would flow to the plate or anode when it was at a higher voltage electrons however could not pass in the reverse direction because the plate was not heated and thus not capable of harmonic emission of electrons early commercial flaming walls used in radio receivers during 1919 is shown here the diode tube was a reliable alternative for detecting radio signals since the current can only pass in one direction such a diode or rectifier will convert alternating current to pulsating dc this can therefore be used in a dc power supply and is also used as a demodulator of amplitude modulated radio signals and similar functions a device with two active elements is a diode usually used for rectification devices with three elements are triodes used for amplification and switching additional electrodes create tetrodes pentodes and so forth which have multiple additional functions made possible by the additional controllable electrodes by placing an additional electrode between the filament cathode and the plate anode the ability of the resulting device was observed to amplify signals of all frequencies as the voltage applied to the so-called control grid or simply the grid was lowered from the cathode's voltage to somewhat more negative voltages the amount of current from the filament to the plate would be reduced the negative electrostatic field created by the grid in the vicinity of the cathode would inhibit thermic emission and reduce the current to the plate thus a few volts difference at the grid would make a large change in the plate current and could lead to a much larger voltage change at the plate the result was voltage and power amplification an extremely thin molecular layer of thorium atoms forms on the outside of the wires carbonized layer and when heated serve as an effective source of electrons the thorium slowly evaporates from the wire surface while new thorium atoms diffuse to the surface to replace them such tungsten cathodes usually deliver lifetimes in tens of thousands of hours the end-of-life scenario for authoriated tungsten filament is when the carbonized layer has mostly been converted back into another form of tungsten carbide and the emission begins to drop off rapidly a complete loss of thorium has never been found to be a factor in the end of life in a tube with this type of emitter except for diodes additional electrodes are positioned between the cathode and the plate anode these electrodes are referred to as grids as they are not solid electrodes but sparse elements through which electrons can pass on their way to the plate the vacuum tube is then known as a triode detroit pintrod etc depending on the number of grids a triode has three electrodes the anode cathode and one grid and so on the first grid known as controlled grid and sometimes other grids which transform the diode into a voltage control device the voltage applied to the control grid affects the current between the cathode and the plate when held negative with respect to the cathode the control grid creates an electric field which repels electrons emitted by the cathode thus reducing or even stopping the current between the cathode and the anode as long as the control grid is negative relative to the cathode essentially no current flows into it yet a chance of several volts on the control grid is sufficient to make a large difference in the plate current possibly changing the output by hundreds of volts depending on the circuit tubes with grids can be used for many purposes such as amplification rectification switching oscillation and display so basic in every radio installation is the vacuum tube produced in a wide variety of sizes and types the vacuum tube is the fundamental element in modern radio communication radio utilizing these remarkable tubes makes possible effective communication between the air and ground forces this symbol represents the triode tube with its elements the plate filament and control grid the cathode may be equipped with an indirect heater between cathode and plate is the grid which is the characteristic element of the triode two it serves as a control of the electron flow between cathode and plate remove the glass bulb from a triode tube and the plate becomes visible inside the plate the grid and filament are located supported by wires embedded in the glass base this type of tube is equipped with a directly heated cattle the control grid is seen wound around outside the cathode in the diode tube many electrons leaving the cathode move about between cathode and plate constituting space charge the triode tube differs from the diode in containing an element known as the control grid located between cathode and plate with the grid positive many electrons pass from cathode to plate if the grid is given a negative charge it repels the negative electrons and fewer of them reach the plate the grid bias may be so strongly negative as to entirely stop the flow of current through the two this negative grid bias beyond which there is no current flow from cathode to plate is known as the cut-off bias the grid thus serves to control electron flow from a heated cathode to the positively charged plate this circuit represents a hookup to test the effect of grid bias on plate current with a grid negative well below the cutoff point and the plate positively charged by the b battery no current is seen to flow around the plate circuit and through the milliammeter we may charge the flow of plate current with changes in grid bias the c battery is impressing a minus 20 volts upon the grid both the milliammeter and the chart represent no plate current flowing a grid bias of -20 is the cut-off bias of this tube now if we change the grid bias to a minus of 10 volts the milliampere indicates one unit of current flow in the plate circuit the arrow on the plate current graph moves up a corresponding distance if the grid bias is made still more positive plate current increases we move the arrow further up on the plate current curve a still more positive grid results in still greater plate current another increase in positive grid voltage leads to the saturation of the two a narrow range of grid voltage is thus seen to control the entire output of the tube extending from zero plate current to the tube's maximum output this is why the grid is called the control grid the controlling action of a radio tube results in the tube often being referred to as a valve this hookup shows grid voltage change in relation to plate voltage chain with a bias of minus five volts on the grid and the plate impressed by 100 volts the milliampere shows a plate current of two units as electrons flow from cathode to plate the grid contains many electrons constituting a negative charge which limits the movement of electron from cathode to plate the grid thus controls current flow if we change the grid bias from -5 to minus three volts the milliampere shows a plate current rise to three and a half units a change of but two volts in the grid bias has resulted in increasing plate current to nearest maximum in other words a small change in grid voltage leads to a large change in plate current plate voltage change affects plate current with -5 volts on the grid and 100 volts on the plate the milliamp shows two units of current as before now a plate increase of 35 volts is necessary to increase plate current to three and one half units now if we change grid bias by only four volts a very great change is seen in plate current we conclude that the greatest influence on the tube output is change in grid voltage most military sets use some form of the triode tube by hooking a transformer to a triode tube circuit energy may be transferred to another circuit the tube is connected to a b battery a c battery and an alternator the alternator varies the voltage to the grid the plate current passing through the primary of the transformer induces a corresponding current in the secondary at the transformer when the circuit is made to function electrons pass from cathode to plate when the grid is plus the flow of current stopping when the grid is strongly minus the alternator impresses a voltage wave upon the grid the wave of current in the secondary of the transformer has the same frequency and wave shape as the grid voltage wave it is of greater magnitude however in other words it is an enlarged replica of the input voltage wave thus the triode tube is an amplifier in that it magnifies a wave without changing its shape modern receiving sets of great efficiency owe their effectiveness to the ability of the vacuum tube to amplify waves of voltage and current some of these tubes are very small outstanding examples of scientific engineering the simple triode tube is actually a complicated electric condenser having three capacitances to be considered they are cathode to grid plate to grid and plate to cathode the capacitance of most importance exists between grid and plate this capacitance may produce undesired coupling between the input and output circuits to shield the control grid another grid known as the screen grid may be added to the triode too a condenser connects the screen grid to the cathode circuit this bypass condenser enables the screen grid to electrically isolate the plate and control grid the simple triode tube contains but the three elements plate grid and cathode the principal electron flow in the tube is from cathode to plate electrons reaching the plate at high velocity strike other electrons knocking them off the plate this is known as secondary emission the introduction of the screen grid adds another positive element in the tube which may attract electrons paths of electrons of secondary emission cut across the screen grid these electrons coming from the plate cause an undesirable plate to screen curve a third grid may be placed between plate and screen grid this grid is known as the suppressor grid electrons flow freely through all three grids but the paths of secondary emission are shortened by the negative suppressor grid as a result the emitted electrons due to electronic bombardment do not extend as far as the screen grid the pentode tube represents the highest development of the triode principle petrod and pento tubes are made in many sizes and capacity multiple contacts leading to the tube elements characterize these tubes in their many forms although their internal construction may vary widely the older and somewhat bulky military receivers using earlier types of tubes have been superseded by sets much smaller in size the greater compactness and efficiency of these sets is largely due to their use of the modern pentode tool the suppressor grid between the screen grid and the plate in the pentode may be emitted instead what is known as beam forming plates are substituted this is the symbol for the beam power output tool this tube is built with the usual cathode grid screen and plate the beam forming plates are so placed as to direct the cathode to plate stream of electrons in a beam here the stream of electrons carry the secondary electrons which are knocked off back to the plate thereby eliminating the necessity for a suppressor grid whether built into a great power tubes or into the tiny peanut tube the principles of the trio tube are basic [Music] electronics is a science that applies these tubes to the service of man to the speeding of production to the winning of the war [Music] to understand how electronic tubes work let's take a good look at one of them one that's representative of its species this is a diode the typical two element electronic tube let's get inside it in fundamental operation it resembles an ordinary single pole switch a switch that can connect for instance this battery and its motor load one power lead comes to the anode the other lead goes to the cathode when this switch is open the contacts are insulated from each other by a vacuum or by some inert gas inserted into an evacuated tube under low pressure to close this switch electronically all we need do is heat the cathode and give the anode a positive potential then here's what happens as electrons are emitted from the surface of the heated cathode being negatively charged they fly at tremendous speed to the anode in this way a current carrying path is formed which closes our electronic switch and permits our motor to operate you'll notice by the way that the direction of electron flow is contrary to the orthodox concept of current flow from plus to minus now at this point you may ask if an electronic tube is basically just a form of switch why is electronics hail today is the technique of a new engineering era to answer that question let's review six of the basic things that we can do with this new kind of switch in the first place we can rectify current with it converting ac to dc we can do this merely by connecting an electronic tube in series with an ac circuit as you study this circuit diagram note that only each positive half wave of ac voltage will now produce a current when the anode is negative the electrons are repelled and no current flows in other words because only the cathode can emit electrons we have here what amounts to a one-way street we can visualize the result of the tube's rectifying action with the aid of these two oscilloscopes the one on the left shows alternating current coming in the one on the right shows pulsating direct current going out the applications of this basic rectifying principle are many and important here's one of them changing ac to dc on the nation's electrified transportation systems here's another rectification for electroplating operations of all kinds operations possible only with direct current still another example furnishing dc and steel mills for the driving of variable speed motors such as the one controlling this giant ladle or the ones driving steel conveyors with such precise control of speeds the danger of buckling and tearing and consequent mill damage is eliminated electronic rectification is also helping to build american air power by making available record-breaking quantities of aluminum for plane construction from arkansas mud to american air power involves a complicated conversion of material before pure aluminum can be extracted from this bauxite ore direct current must be applied in a vital reduction process to obtain that direct current from ac transmission lines the ignition rectifier is used this westinghouse electronic development changes vast quantities of ac to dc with higher efficiency than any similar type of conversion equipment today it's the main source of current supply for the nation's great aluminum industry an industry that has achieved a miraculous expansion to meet the demands of a world at war magnesium from seawater is another achievement of industry under the stress of war ignitrons used in the extraction process speed up the delivering of incendiary and demolition bombs to the centers of axis production [Music] still another example of electronic rectification at work is the precipitant a device for cleaning air electrostatically this diagram explains how the precipitant works the rectifying property of electronic tubes is used to apply a potential of thirteen thousand volts dc to tungsten wires and sixty five hundred volts dc to collector plates as incoming air passes through the field of these wires each particle of dirt receives a positive electrostatic charge when the positively charged particle reaches the collector chamber it's attracted to and deposited on negative plates in this way air is cleaned so thoroughly the dirt particles down to a quarter millionth of an inch are removed this is a vital advantage today not only in homes and public buildings but in industrial plants of all kinds for instance in plants manufacturing delicate instruments where air cleanliness is necessary for precision work in work rooms where optical systems are assembled for a host of military purposes in inspection rooms where minute parts must be closely examined under high magnification air cleanliness is vital to in film developing rooms like this one to understand how electronic air cleaning helps here let's go aloft in a reconnaissance plane [Music] click five thousand feet above the earth a camera shutter opens and closes scores of square miles of enemy territory have been squeezed down into an image on a photographic plate an image measured in inches instead of miles on this photograph a city might be covered by a tip of a finger a speck of dust could hide a nazi air drone the rectifying tubes of the precipitant help make sure that dust doesn't sabotage military photography now so far in this film we've discussed only one of the basic things we can do with the electronic fuel we can use it to rectify the second basic thing we can do with it is amplify here's how between the cathode and the anode of the two element tube which we diagrammed a while ago we now place a grid to this grid we connect an input of some weak voltage which we wish to amplify perhaps that of a faint radio signal from halfway around the world now let's see what happens every time a negative potential is impressed on the grid even though it'd be very minute it has a large effect in reducing the number of the negatively charged electrons which would otherwise keep flying from cathode to anode conversely when the grid is positive an equally large effect is exerted in increasing the flow of electrons from cathode to anode the important thing to note here is this a small amount of power applied at the grid is amplified into a large amount of power in the anode or work circuit this amplifying property of the three element electronic tube is put to work in innumerable ways westinghouse electronic amplification now helps provide radio and radio telephone contact between airplanes and control stations on the ground between ships and their communication bases both afloat from the shore between individual tanks and their tank force commanders between firing line and headquarters between sea drone lights and night flying pilots who can turn them on by radio signal in the field of power engineering electronic amplification permits the measurement and analysis of minute voltages stepping them up to the point where they can be seen and interpreted on oscilloscopes when this giant rotor is completed its precise diametric balancing will be made possible by amplifying tubes testing of these propellers for vibration fatigue will also be facilitated by electronic amplifying tubes up to now we've considered two of the basic things that the electronic tube can do it can rectify it can amplify a third thing it can do is generate the term generate in this connection is meant in a general rather than a technical sense a triode is connected for oscillation in the way shown here the system then becomes capable of changing direct current into alternating current note that what we're doing in this case is amplifying in the usual way and then feeding back to the grid part of the amplified voltage continued repetition of this feedback results cumulatively in a strong alternating current this electronic means of generating alternating current is important because it can produce very high frequencies frequencies up to millions of cycles far beyond the range of ordinary rotating equipment a familiar application of this is the radio transmitter this modern transmitting room of westinghouse station kdka is a far cry from the pioneering equipment of its famous predecessor this scene reproduces an historic occasion the first time a radio transmitter was used for large-scale public entertainment this is station kdka of the westinghouse electric and manufacturing company we are about to begin the reading of the presidential election returns between warren g harding and james m cox stand by please here is a new less familiar application of electronic high frequency generation high frequency heating of 200 000 cycles per second is now used to flow tin as the final step in the electrolytic plating of steel strip after steel strip comes from its electrolytic tin plating bath it first passes through a washer then between hot air drying jets at this point the steel strip has a coating of tin that is relatively dull and porous next comes a vital step the strip is raised to the top of the heater unit housing inside of which is a series of high frequency coils as the strip comes down through these coils induced electric current causes heat which flows the tin almost instantaneously greatly improving its structure as a protective covering here's the result tin plate that is mirror smooth free from porosity so perfect a protective covering that one pound of tin can now do the work of three note the horizontal bars in this close-up these are parts of one of the high frequency coils that affect the tin flow if you look closely you can see the difference in texture between the porous tin entering the top of the coil and the shiny flowed tin leaving at its base and these are the tubes that generate the high frequency current which makes the entire process possible another important result of this new westinghouse electronic process is time saving tin can now be flowed at a rate of more than a thousand feet a minute here's another example of where electronic high frequency generation is doing a job today dielectric bonding of plastic and plywood sections in a matter of minutes instead of days as a result of this application plywood constructed pt boats can be produced more speedily dielectric heating also cures intricate plastic forms faster and better here a dielectrically cured plastic piece pieces being given a stress analysis carrier current relaying also applies the electronic principle of high frequency generation here's part of the equipment that does the work this equipment makes possible an enormous increase in the speed with which transmission lines can be cleared of faults its effect is to increase the load carrying ability of a system up to fifty percent or more we've now illustrated three of the basic ways that the electronic tube can be put to work it rectifies it amplifies it generates and here's a fourth thing it does it controls this diagram illustrates one of the principal mechanisms of electronic control we use the grid here not to amplify a weak signal but to control the flow of power to a machine to do this we connect the control circuit in such a way that it becomes a function of temperature speed time or any other variable as a result grid potential is varied and the work circuit is automatically closed modified or opened and we can do all this with split second timing and incomparable precision take for instance this electronically controlled spot welder without sound without friction without flame electronic control on this equipment makes and breaks contact with split-second timing seam welding too is electronically controlled as a result plane parts today are being literally sewn together with electric current as thread but welding of course represents only one opportunity for electronic control automatic stepless regulation of motor speeds is another application without the smooth acceleration which such control makes possible delicate materials such as the capacitor windings being handled here might be broken under the shock of starting and abrupt speed changes now for still another basic thing that the electronic tube can do it can also serve as a bridge to transform light into electric current here's how we replace the ordinary heat activated cathode of a two element electronic tube with one made of photosensitive material light can now replace heat as the stimulator of electronic emissions the stronger the light the greater the electronic emission and consequently with the aid of an amplifier the more power flowing through the work circuit this is important because it means that photoelectric tubes can function as light relays and so be given an almost infinite variety of jobs to do scanning the soundtrack of the talking motion picture film you're listening to right now is one of them another is the television camera the iconoscope used in this camera is merely a special form of electronic tube product and process control is still another application in this plant a photo troller automatically stops a conveyor belt every time a lightning arrestor comes to its point of inspection here a westinghouse electronic eye inside the metal housing spots pin holes in metal strip as it comes from the rolls automatically operating a relay that rejects defective sections dropping them out of the production line without a moment's loss of working time one of the most important basic things as the electronic tube can do remains yet to be listed besides transforming light into electric current it can also transform electric current into light the cathode ray tube is an application of this property through the aid of this tube an electron beam is able to recreate an original image on the screen of a television receiving set the electronic x-ray tube indirectly also transforms electric current into light and by its effect on photographic plate into light images here's how an x-ray tube works a high potential ranging up to 300 000 volts or more is applied between the anode and cathodes electrons are emitted by a focusing cathode due to the extremely high voltage the electrons hit the anode with tremendous impact and cause the emission of waves of exceptionally high frequency these high frequency waves do three useful things penetrate excite fluorescence or affect photographic plates as a result doctors can now study human internal organs by means of the fluoroscope by means of radiography they can photograph them industrial x-ray today is also playing a vital role detecting ferocities and fissures in welded metal scenes examining heavy castings for invisible internal weaknesses but x-ray isn't the only example of electronic usefulness in the conversion of current into light the whole field of modern fluorescent lighting represents another application so does the field of ultraviolet radiation harmless looking tubes like this one have a deadly effect on bacteria and other forms of microscopic life in this demonstration parmesa rather than bacteria are about to be subjected to sterile amp rays notice what happens the sterile amp today is becoming increasingly important both as a servant of public health and as a device for the preservation of perishable goods so many and so varied are the applications of electronics that a single film like this can mention only one in a thousand we haven't even mentioned for instance radar the electronic development that helped save britain during the decisive weeks of the german aerial blitz here's what happened ultra high frequency waves were broadcast into the skies from english defense stations when enemy planes approached in the darkness or in the fog these waves would reflect back to the transmitting points thus giving warning to the defenders of britain permitting ant aircraft batteries to swing into action and raf planes to rise for combat whenever hitler's bombers attacked at whatever altitude from whatever direction british interceptors were waiting for them as a result the luftwaffe was blasted from the english skies and the tide of war turned [Music] yes the electronic tube in essence is only a switch but what a switch it rectifies amplify generates controls transforms light into electricity and back into light again these tubes that look so mysterious are essentially simple in operation incredibly rugged and sure in application they open and close all forms of electronic circuits as swiftly as the lightning flash and as silently as the passage of time in the world of today they're helping us to win a war in the world of tomorrow they bid fair to lift all of us to new levels of achievement comfort and security [Music] the core material used in vacuum tubes diodes triodes detroit's pintos and henceforth is tungsten filament in transmitting tubes carbonized tungsten filaments containing a small trace one to two percent of thorium is employed in receiving tubes filaments coated with a mixture of barium oxide and strontium oxide sometimes with addition of calcium oxide or aluminium oxide is employed now we shall see some specific vacuum tubes popular in the 21st century however most of the vacuum tubes have been replaced by transistors or integrated circuits but few are still in use the first one in this list is cholesterol or traveling wave tube the different components of the klystron has been shown here and the components are listed on the right hand side of the slide the traveling wave tube is an elongated vacuum tube with an electron gun a heated cathode that emits electron at one end a voltage applied across the cathode and anode accelerates the electrons towards the far end of the tube and an external magnetic field around the tube focuses the electrons into a beam at the other end of the tube the electrons strike the collector which returns them to the circuit wrapped around the inside of the tube just outside the beam path is a helix of wire typically oxygen free the radio frequency signals to be amplified is fed into the helix at a point near the emitter end of the tube the signal is normally fed into the helix via a wave guide or electromagnetic coil placed at one end forming a one-way signal path a directional coupler by controlling the accelerating voltage the speed of the electrons flowing down the tube is said to be similar to the speed of the radiofrequency signal running down the helix the signal in the wire causes the magnetic field to be induced in the center of the helix where the electrons are flowing depending on the phase of the signal the electrons will either be sped up or slowed down as they pass the windings this causes the electron beam to bunch up known technically as velocity modulations the resulting pattern of electron density in the beam is an analog of the original radio frequency signal because the beam is passing the helix as it travels and the signal varies it causes induction in the helix amplifying the original signal by the time it reaches the other end of the tube this process has had time to deposit considerable energy back into the helix a second directional coupler position near the collector receives and amplified version of the input signal from the far end of the radio frequency circuit attenuators placed along the radio frequency circuit prevent the reflected wave from traveling back to the cathode higher powered helix traveling wave tubes usually contain beryllium oxide ceramic as both a helix support rod and in some cases as an electron collector for the traveling wave tube because of its special electrical mechanical and thermal properties here is shown some varieties of cholesterol vacuum tubes the first one is 400 kilowatt cholesterol used for spacecraft communication this is a high power microwave oscillator tube the second one in the right hand side is the large crystals used in the storage ring of the australian synchrotone to maintain the energy of the electron beam the third one at the bottom is a five kilowatt cluster tube used as power amplifier in the ultra high frequency television transmitter used during 1952 next in the list is the magnetron the cavity magnetron is a high-powered vacuum tube that generates microwaves using the interaction of a stream of electrons with a magnetic field while moving past a series of open material cavities or cavity resonators electrons pass by the openings of these cavities and cause microwaves to oscillate within similar to the way a vessel produces a tone when excited by an airstream blown past its opening [Music] the frequency of the microwaves produced the resonant frequency is determined by the cavity's physical dimensions unlike other vacuum tubes such as cholesterol or a traveling wave tube the magnetron cannot function as an amplifier in order to increase the intensity of an applied microwave signal the magnetron serves solely as an oscillator generating a microwave signal from the direct current electricity supplied to the vacuum tube a magnetron with sections removed to exhibit the cavities is shown here the cathode in the center is not visible the antenna emitting microwaves is at the left the magnet producing a field parallel to the long axis of the device is not shown here in the second picture a magnetron is shown in section transverse to its axis this is a magnetron from a microwave oven the magnetron has a diameter of about four centimeters there is a central cathode which is gray in color everything else is copper and forms the anode around the anode a total of ten spokes are connected to the exterior of the magnetron there are five plane spokes that are alternated with five notched spokes the notches can be seen near the outer ring each pair of edges in the spokes that is a plain spoke and the knot spoke forms a resonant cavity around the cathode two concentric rings an inner ring and an outer ring can be seen the inner ring electrically connects the notch spokes the outer ring electrically connects the plane spokes the inner and outer rings are known as strapping rings and ensures that the magnetron operates in the pie mode for the norse spoke that is roughly at the 10 o'clock position the notch has an output coupling loop that extends towards and out of the top of the photo the output coupling loop is used to couple microwave energy out of the magnetron so that the microwave energy can heat up food in the microwave oven incidentally note that the magnetrons shown in this photo is almost exactly the same as the magnetron shown in other photo of the magnetron page next in the list is backward wave oscillator vwo it is also called carcinotrol or backward wave tube it is a vacuum tube that is used to generate microwaves up to the terahertz range belonging to the travelling wave tube family it is an oscillator with a wide electronic tuning range the electron gun generates an electron beam that interacts with a slow wave structure thus it sustains the oscillations by propagating a traveling wave backward against the beam the generated electromagnetic wave power has its grip velocity directed oppositely to the direction of the motion of the electrons the output power is coupled out near the electron gun it has two main subtypes the m-type the most powerful one and the o-type the output power of the o-type is typically in the range of one milliwatt at one thousand gigahertz to 50 milliwatt at 200 gigahertz carcinotrons are used as powerful and stable microwave source due to the good quality wavefront they produce they find used as illuminators in terahertz imaging [Music] here in the picture on the left hand side of the slide is shown a miniature o type backward wave oscillator tube produced by varian in 1956 it could be a voltage tuned over an 8.2 to 12.4 gigahertz range and require a supply voltage of 600 volts the backward wave oscillator invented in 1951 by rudolph clunkferner is a specialized linear beam tube which it generates microwaves the accompanying ad copy says this tube can operate over 8.2 to 12.4 gigahertz range with supply voltage of 300 to 600 voltage the body is approximately 4 inches long the magnet required for operation weighs less than 5 pounds alternating to the image the crop out add copy is shown here the picture down below is the backward wave oscillator at a stockholm university operating in the terahertz range high power backward wave oscillator operating in the terahertz range together with a teflon lens and kept in stockholm university at the department of projects on the right hand side is shown the concept diagram and the signals which travel from the input to the output as described in the explanation a semiconductor is a material that in its pure native form is a good insulator that is a poor conductor but which can be made into a conductor via the controlled addition of a very small percentage of foreign elements through a process called doping typical semiconductors are widely used today are silicon gallium arsenide gallium nitride aluminium nitride germanium alloy of silicon and germanium indium gallium or aluminium most of these are used in solar cells here is a very common picture showing the difference between the insulator semiconductor and conductor materials in a conductor materials there is no band gap between the valence band and the conduction band the two bands are merged together this makes the electrons to flow conveniently through the conductor material in a insulator their band gap is quite wide between the valance and the conduction band so the flow of electrons is not possible however in the semiconductor material the band gap between the valence and the conduction band is narrow and it is possible to project the electrons from the valence band to the conduction band and made to flow through the material we have already seen the diodes made from vacuum tubes now we shall see the diodes made from semiconductor materials a diode is a simplest possible semiconductor device made by placing an n-type and a p-type semiconductor in direct physical contact the region where they meet is called the p n junction the most common function of a diode is to allow an electric current to pass in one direction call the diode's forward direction while blocking current in the opposite direction that is the reverse direction thus the diode can be viewed as an electronic version of a check wall this unidirectional behavior is called rectification and is used to convert alternating current to the direct current including extraction of modulation from radio signals in radio receivers these diodes are forms of rectifiers due to their non-linear current voltage characteristics there is possible to make numerous combinations for specified purposes now consider in more detail what happens in a diode when say an electron from the n-type region moving towards and enters the p-n junction region and wanders into the p-type material in the p-type material there are many missing electrons and thus the newly introduced electron has the possibility to fill one of these missing slots and in the process it loses energy pictorially the electron finds a hole and eats it up releasing energy or in more fancy language the electron and the hole annihilate each other the converse process works as well a hole that moves to the right and enters the n-type region represents a missing electron so one of the many extra electrons in the n-type material can fill up that hole this process of electrons heating up the holes is called carrier recombination the two types of mobile charges recombine to the native state of the material an excess electron and the missing electron combined to make nothing extraordinary giving up the energy in the process as you can see the detail might be different but basically the diode creates a physical situation where once of current is made to flow electrons end up in a situation where they can enter low energy states and release energy one has turned the electrical driving energy from a battery for example into energy liberated by the electrons dropping into lower energy states all one has to do is now harness that liberated energy unless one has designed things properly this liberated energy is generally lost into heat however with the right choice of materials this liberated energy can be turned into light which underlines the light emitting diodes the different kinds of light emitting diodes have been shown here the material combinations which can help produce different kinds of life is listed below another concept is carrier photogeneration the opposite process to recombination in an led is also possible light can be captured by a diode and turned into electron plus hole pair this is charge carrier creation the opposite process of recombination in fact all diodes are sensitive to light in this manner and the created electron plus hole then lead to a current in most circuits this is undesired behavior so the diode is clad in a light absorbing casing however this is obviously very useful for two applications first where one wants to detect light which means one has a photo diode and second where one wants to harvest the current as electrical energy so one is using the diode as part of a solar cell photovoltaic device as you can imagine one must choose materials and processing carefully to optimize the diode for each particular application the main photodiodes are shown here and the materials used for making photodiodes have been listed here this brings us to conclude the first part of the critical materials lecture now we shall see the another part of the lecture | Neel M | UChenqVUhZ99aOPM8U3GBoLQ | 2020-06-26 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 7,498 | 44,170 |
j7Vm4vL2oEI | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j7Vm4vL2oEI | 4-H Horse Safety Certification | hey guys my name is Cora Fredrick and today I'm going to be showing you through a series of videos how to complete the 4-h horse safety certification in Wyoming now as we go through this process I want you all to remember that none of these things have to be done perfectly but they just must be done safely the purpose of a safety certification is to be sure that you the worst handler can interact safely with your horse so not only does the safety certification test your knowledge about horses and know-how about handling them it also tests your horse for how safe they are around you their handler so without further ado let's get started section 1a of the safety certification is youth ears muzzle throat latch withers dearth chest back Lynx pastern it headstrong curb or chinstrap front cinch Bax inch breasts our stirrup stirrup leather keeper one candle next we will look at the safety zones for a horse as you can see in green this is the sweet spot where the horse handler must be standing unless they have safe contact with the horse there are two safe ways to move around a horse the first is moving at least six feet away from their hind end the second is moving with close contact on the horse's hind here I will demonstrate a safe location and an unsafe location to tie up a horse this green gate is not a safe location to tie my horse this fence is a safe location as it is sturdy and stable I will not proceed to tie my horse in this location when I tie my horse I am sure to tie her above her withers and using the safe release not further on in this video I will exhibit how to tie this the quick-release not this is appropriate attire for working with horses you must make sure that you have closed toed shoes and long pants on section 2a is ground work next I will proceed to catch both of my horses since your horse will already be caught when you arrive at horse safety certification you will need to take the halter off of your horse and then proceed to catch them again this is to ensure that you know how to properly catch your horse and put on the halter this is also to ensure that your horse is safe for you to be around and catch even when you have already taken the halter off once [Music] to correctly lead the horse I am holding close to the horses halter with my right hand and carrying the slack from the lead rope in my left Here I am demonstrating how to tie the horse using the quick release knot [Music] it is important that youth know how to correctly and safely pick up and clean out the foot it is important to clean out your horse's feet just in case they have any rocks or debris stuck in between the Frog and the hoof wall you can see that I am using a pick to clean out the horse's foot and safely holding the foot in my hand by keeping my thumb tucked in with the rest of my hand [Music] it can be a little more difficult to pick up and clean out the back foot so some smaller or younger or younger youth may not feel confident however this is the correct position for picking up and cleaning out the feet as you can see here my horse's feet were already fairly clean but this is the correct position to hold the horse's foot on your leg I am again using the pick to get out any debris from the horse's foot [Music] now I am demonstrating how to safely release the back foot by first releasing the foot from my leg and then stepping away from the horse sometimes you will need to change sides while you're leading your horse this is where it is important for your horse to be safe to cross in front of as you can see when I change sides I am also changing the hand that holds underneath the horses halter and switching the slack to the opposite hand when backing your horse turn around face them and pull their jaw towards their hip bone then step towards the horse and ask them to back it is important for the youth to know how to change directions while leading the horse in case there are patterns or gates that require them to do so [Music] when passing through a gate I'm going to begin leading my horse with my left hand and then opening the gate with my right I am asking my horse to back up so that I do not hit her with the gate and scare her next I ask her to pass through the gate I made sure to open the gate wide enough to give her a clear shot through next I'm turning her around in a wide circle and going back to close the gate safely it is important that your horse knows how to back up away from you as you close the gate towards them [Music] section 2b is writing first you must demonstrate that you know how to change from halter to Bridal as you can see my horse is untied throughout this process I put the halter around her neck and then I begin to bridle her first I put the nose band on over her nose and then over each ear horses ears can be sensitive so you have to make sure to put them on one at a time and pull their ear through as quickly as possible to minimize them being startled as you can see my horse was in this video [Music] next I am going to begin to put on the bridle of my horse first I put the head stall over her nose now I am asking her to lower her head so that it makes it a little easier for me I'm switching the top of the bridle into my right hand and guiding the bit into my horse's mouth gently once she takes the bit I am then going to guide the halter over each of her ears and fix her forelock so that she looks pretty [Music] next I am going to secure the throat latch of the bridle [Music] I am repeating the same process to change from halter to bridle on my gelding first making sure that he is untied then switching the halter onto his neck [Music] now I will guide the bridle up over his nose switch hands and hold the bridle in between his ears after asking him to lower his head of course now I will gently guide the bit into the horse's mouth and secure both ears into the head stall I will now secure the throat latch under his throat when securing the throat latch it is important that the horse has some room to breathe this will allow them to bend their head and collect as you are writing him many people are different with their techniques but I like to give about four fingers of space between the leather strap and the horse's throat it is important to clean out your saddle pad and your cinches to make sure there is no debris or things that could poke your horse and make them uncomfortable during the ride Here I am dusting off my saddle pad and making sure that there are no pokey things in there now I am showing my horse the pad so that he knows what's going on to his back and then I'm going to gently scent set the pad onto his back if you are a young rider or if you are small like me don't worry if you have to have someone help you saddle your horse like my mom is here just make sure that you're watching and that you can explain how to safely saddle your horse by yourself when you're big enough [Music] next I am going to release my cinches make sure that they are free of debris and untwist them if they are twisted up from the saddle here's the part where I will be tightening my cinches and adjusting the saddle when saddling it is important to use the safe techniques for moving around your horse as you can see I remained close to my horse and gave contact with his rear end as I moved around behind him when you secure the latigo make sure that you are not pinching your horse in any way as you tighten the cinch it is important that the horse is comfortable and in a safe environment [Music] it is important to secure the front cinch before you secure the back cinch when unsettling you are going to do the reverse order first unstinting the back cinch then undoing the front cinch this is another safety measure that is in that it is important for you to know before safety certification [Music] next I'm going to be demonstrating how to how I sat on my horse with the English saddle it is a bit simpler and a lot lighter than the western saddle [Music] it is important to adjust your saddle for your size and the horses size here I am adjusting my stirrup leathers so that they are long enough for me to ride next I will be demonstrating how to mount dismount and ride both horses for both disciplines follow along with the words at the bottom left and ear safety certification sheet to see what I'm doing [Music] as I mentioned before none of these maneuvers have to be perfect you are not showing your horse now however the people of doing the safety certification must be able to see that you are riding your horse in a safe manner and that you are able to control it [Music] you [Music] | UWyoExtension | UChB7J6awJ42g9nwrn5mnIdg | 2020-06-10 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 1,690 | 8,633 |
L3h1NPJiA_A | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L3h1NPJiA_A | Moonrays of August | a full moon Rose as the sun set on August 1st near perigee the closest point in its almost moonfly orbit the brighter than average lunar disk illuminated night skies around planet Earth as the second Super Moon of 2023 seen here above Ragusa Sicily Cloud Banks cast diverging Shadows through the super moonlit Skies creating dramatic lunar crepuscular rays the next full moon in 2023 will also shine on an August Night Rising as the sun sets on August 30 31st this second full moon in a month is known as a blue moon blue moons occur only once every two or three years because lunar phases take almost a calendar month 29. five days to go through a complete cycle but August's Blue Moon will also be near perigee the third supermoon in 2023 | APOD YT | UCWR1VpBEbXEO5uAFtSQincg | 2023-08-04 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 136 | 740 |
wlq4el0u-nQ | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wlq4el0u-nQ | WOWOW Matte Black Commercial Brass Wall Mount Pot Filler Faucet | he guys so I just got this pot filler in the mail today it's very nicely wrapped which is cool um so you don't have to worry about it getting messed up in shipping it did come with an instruction manual that can guide you um tells you all the tools that you need and how to basically work your faucet in case you have questions or you can't figure it out on your own there are some nice gloves that come with it this way you can install your faucet and be handprint free on your um um FAA here so it does come with grommets and um a different strainer comes with install um materials and it also comes with um extra little barass fitting here excuse me it does have this threading on here um so you can use that to make sure your um water seal is tight there's no leaks there's another brass fitting that comes in there um on this this this is the um actual fitting that will go up against the wall and it does have a a little um gasket that goes behind it to keep free from leaks you've got your allen wrench and then the actual pop filler itself so this is pretty cool so what you're going to do is when you install this on the wall you're going to put this part up against your wall use your brass fitting twist it in and then after you uh put your brass fitting in twist it in the other side's going to twist up against the wall you'll be able to put this up against it and you can see that it makes it flush um it can get flush up against the wall and it will definitely look amazing um I like that it's all solid one color it's very well made um this satin black is kind of in style right now so that's pretty cool uh you can use this right here to turn on your water and use this to open up and fill up your PO hot so you can turn it on turn it off so you don't necessarily have to have um this water turned off if for some reason you're making multiple items and you want to keep that water flowing it will work just like a hose with a nozzle and you can pull it over to one pot turn it on pull it over to the other pot turn it on and um that way it seals it off so if for some reason you want to stop using the water and maybe you forget to turn off the other side this side will turn it off you can push it back up against the wall and it will keep um it will keep everything leak free so this is great um this hinge design is very awesome it's easily to spin either side so you can move it around as much as you need to you can turn this portion so that you can plush it up against your wall put your fixture there and then when you have it up against your wall right here you can pull it away from the wall make it straight and go to any part of your um any part of your uh stove so this is pretty cool um I really like it um I'm going to go ahead and put it over by my stove and show you what it would look like if you install this in your kitchen okay guys so I'm here at my stove got a couple pots here I've got my pot filler so I'm going ahead take this out and show you um about what it would look like if we had this installed so we would we have this part right here on the front that would get screwed onto the back of our um backsplash here so we would put that there and then all we would have to do is we could move this in different places you can make it long ways or you can turn it around this way so we'd be able to Crunch it turn turn it on for this pot and then we'd be able to move it all the way around to this pot also so this is pretty cool it obviously stretches out really far so it can go all the way across we have a gas stove so this works out really well then all you would have to do to um put it away is just fold it and stick it back up against your um backsplash so this is really great um I love this pot filler it's really cool um you can see it a little bit up close see the color of it and everything um it works out great um I love it uh all you'd have to do is install an extra water line to come up to the back here and then turn it on um it's super easy if you have your um stove and your sink close to each other mine are very close so um that way the waterline to install would be fairly easy to do so this is a great product um and it's going to look great in any kitchen and it's definitely worth the convenience to install it in yours | WOWOW FAUCET | UCoSHJRv-2LMiMV0RmTuSVNA | 2023-10-24 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 913 | 4,291 |
eCusRJ3b-_o | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eCusRJ3b-_o | S1 Ep 68 (Let's Play) Wartales - Drombach County | [Music] hello everyone welcome back to another episode of warto season 1 just a very very quick recap we basically left new Estell we're heading up to this um Bounty here but we spent about half an hour just doing housekeeping a lot of housekeeping and we came across some boards we thought okay let's just kill them get some experience get some meat and now we also have this Bandit Group which I think I will clean up as well before heading on to the Bounty I want to get the experience points needed to get everyone to level 11 so that is a big group so nine valid points not too bad we'll see how we go long loading time I hope the game hasn't crashed oh good maybe that's why it took so [Music] wow are they surprised yes where's the boss do they have looting looting experience looting experience man oh man we going to do this he's all longone actually I don't know if this is a good idea give it a shot anyway so probably should get the stronger ones down here [Music] dag can probably go here I [Music] think here here Inquisitor I'm not going to put anyone there that's kind of a bit of a death trap [Music] feel uh let gray is here is fine Otis sudia I think needs to be here okay let's let's give this a red hot go I think yeah wrong door you're going to go first poison already wonder if animals can pick that up probably should be able to poacher hoodland okay you can reach everyone you can reach okay you can reach Captain this is fine I might go all the way into to the honest can I hit all three oh come on oh yes I [Music] can you should die from the poison I hope good it's one down you can reach Captain which is fine wrongdoer who can you reach oh crap just going to go for dag dager doesn't have the best I'm wor about one two I'm wor about them got another poacher get cab going yeah I don't have a choice [Music] wrongdoer you can technically also go there you're the stronger one I'm going to try to get rid of SC yep I'm going to send I he me your [Music] C protect I hope you come no expected that you to get rid of both of you I wonder if I do this can I get him off him no no I oh I selected the wrong one I accidentally click three hit three number three and it caused reposition yeah such a wrong such a mistake [Music] Lissa weakening we pound well done so should be fine poacher another poacher we can't get to this poacher unfortunately who snakes you Scout you come for Teddy goodam you might both come for Teddy actually see we can get rid of [Music] him yep disengage dag might have gone too far too deep it's my [Music] mistake see what we can do can we get good of him only one it's fine all we want is that another one okay good we don't need to waste the Val point to heal go for it yes go for Teddy good we'll have to heal Teddy in a second Hood where you going to go you're going to throw something okay you can't hit walk away no you can't walk away You're hoodlum poacher another poacher they have lots of poachers okay I might go here pound oh no not pound Massacre okay good perfect can't do anything with with that poacher yes I do yes I can you can walk pretty far Counterattack okay almost dead uhoh no okay that's fine that's not panic your turn no crits I miss my crits they have to tank a little bit oh no cuz they saw us grouped up that hurt a lot but at least you're here how far can you walk crap you can walk pretty far what if I block you off here you should you're going to try okay good scoundrel here I'm going to try two things one kill him off well not try two things two steps kill him off and then throw it at him this should hopefully mean scoundrel goes for Inquisitor I hope otherwise I'm doomed because he's really [Music] weak yeah good attack again and another counter attack attack again oh no more okay okay rers turn Okay the injured one I'm not going to move you yet criminal where's the criminal oh it's in there oops it's going to hurt too let's just hit him first can't use that skill I'm going to [Music] hide you're not less than 50 yeah no which are you going to go bear teddy okay good it's okay it's completely fine criminal rer what if I do this do a couple of things oops do bite you at the back good then just run off dag I hope you can hold out I don't think you can if we do this okay W are strong because of their crit yep and we'll move forward and go all the way to the scoundrel where you going to go follow captain no okay that's fine letter gray going to shoot him good and then I'm going to shoot you marer reinforcements from Visos to go in hopefully there you go okay now let's see if we can do this it's fine okay he's almost surrounded we need to poacher poacher this poacher right yeah so we going kill him I'm going to use this try kill oh no cuz I wanted to I wanted to get his [Music] aggro how should I do this now I need to save D to if we do this okay then gabic can engage WR door yeah just give me one second guys just be right back in one second [Music] okay I am back apologies I just had to get the door poer okay so you're done can engage him and actually I'll cause [Music] encouragement okay wrongo is fine hold them wonder if it's better to get oh you can't can you so we'll see if we can kill I hope we can no we can't that's going to be that's a pickle thought it would crit at [Music] least okay woodam so I was trying not to waste I was trying to get that out of the way what I might do is oh great that worked then I'll jump in here heal Chuck this out in okay we're in a good spot I think famous last words wrongdoer you that's fine criminal I need to get your attention like so and all of you can just shoot him and hit him from the back for Revenge okay not that one don't need defense okay very good criminal Marauder oh that's going to hurt okay good I don't think you'll die don't want to waste my points yet my Valor points just in case I need to go into battle I could rest but I tend to push things a little bit to the extreme in terms of resource management efficiency if that make sense now I hope this can kill them it's a bit of a risk yes it does o can I go this way nice then cuz poer snakes and then right so leave you alone now you need some help just come for you first double because that's the oil yes the oil you know the oil follow up with an attack wonderful wonderful I like that not getting attack too oh wow wait what's the chance 25% chance that's times two oh well not complaining good okay um Marauder Marauder I'm going to go okay get the Wolves to do some of the job beta and Alpha the first in second couldn't kill maybe no criminal criminal I need to taunt to because taunt reduces the damage by 50% I just shoot him good stay here oh can you go anywhere you can't go anywhere you're stuck really oh well that's [Music] crap didn't think that was a trap I trapped my own wolf okay dang to is dying and ofon I can't get in but Garen you can good you saved [Music] him you didn't save him but that's okay no there's only two here they're right here come on here okay just kick him for good measure and then endon can kill can finish it off one here and throw it at him no didn't finish it it's okay someone else can cabic nice feather okay trinket level 10 is anyone leveled up Karen you're still eight oh no they're injured he all I think I only have three left level 10 medium armor no don't think it's any better I need the layers no repair repair repair 33 left I do need to take a trip around the world to grab all the repair parts again or raw materials I keep calling them repair parts because they do help me repair two three okay I've only got 22 is anyone close to leveling [Music] up okay uh let's grab that since we're here comrey I'm pretty sure anything else here we're digressing quite a bit that's the fun of War Tails I'm not fighting you you're the guards that's the [Music] arena go I'm not going to do that I might I need to find a safe spot to rest I wonder if this is safe that seems safe down here oh that's a Fisherman's Warf pretty sure here let's stop no let's go to Let's rest here they're right here let's rest what's the danger level they're awfully close none good one two three okay we should be fine we don't need that many people in there I'm I guess you have nothing to do so you can go in there are we not done with this yet oh two more you're a scholar you need to do this so we will use movement speed influence [Music] and funu chicken oh they need beer I forget I always almost forget the beer I can't see okay someone level up please anyone no one well Les I don't need you there anymore who do I want next andon would be good no I did say I wanted all the tankers right gabas gabas gabas gabic where are you gabas please don't tell me you have okay there you go I was worried that he would have a he'll be preoccupied with his profession which I can't give to anyone else good payer famous no achievements are harder to come by now okay let's check this out this fishery out I missed the com for you there slave I ran away twice all oh almost another slave could free us but then what would we do they need to return to her that's really far across the border let fish need to get a master this is the only one we haven't got to master I think no tinkerer and Miner twice as many fish I thought we said twice maybe two is what they said what they meant with the but do we have to finish all the hooks first I think we have to finish all the hooks eel and rope say nothing here for me to do no don't steal that that some har wait what did you hear heard that some harag Warriors are freeing slaves to honor God oh freeing slaves to honor their God wolf pack did you guys die to the let's try ghost pack today okay level 11 what concerns me is more the nightmare now I need the bear to appear there's only 13 of them there 19 of us it's very small I like this map so Captain will always be oh that's a lot of ghost Bears um I need all my sories then Captain will have to be on this side that's that's a given H can go [Music] inside gabis gabis swamp Inquisitor and just going to be really careful cuz I'm sure nightmare will appear from that side sud where are you here Karen endon and put it here let gr and Otis okay I think we're okay I [Music] think let's get rid of all the small fry first let's do this you attack that's fine ghost bear which one this one you're stuck so I don't need to worry about you yet yes ghost boar boar and bear wow 1,400 can I catch one love to have one do it from this side this angle so that endon can backstab and then here I might no I'm not going to kill if I kill the ghost wolf I'm in trouble maybe this side now ghost wolf ghost wolf forers actually here don't kill him do not kill him okay good cast inspiration but you're stuck I don't understand you taking the Mickey out of him okay so now I can try to kill this and just reduce their numbers okay so if I this will die good good throw that's the one I want to go to too bad he doesn't die no should I no kind of needs to run away oh dude is that there okay ghost wolf there bear there it's fine go here go here ghost be move to try this not [Music] much run where you going to go okay good ouch if nightmare comes I'm in trouble [Music] ghost B Lissa no oh I clicked on the wrong thing there okay that's okay okay now if I do going have to go in there yep okay we're still good should yeah that's do a couple things one see we can kill this one y and then attack that one okay that's done so I need to go straight in no no no oil it's okay we don't need oil for this one now just to stand back just in case nightmare appears okay we need to and get to both I think yep ghost bear that's going to be painful crit no crit it's fine there's no chance for endon to get in [Music] unfortunately do we get three Paws I wonder okay Prine okay no nightmares please yes we got nightmares and another bear might have to go straight in to be honest yeah I think it's the best to go straight in [Music] Let's help this side [Music] most L needs to go all the way in ghost bear yep and shoot you what are you going to do goost Spirit you can't attack Captain can't get in but you can haveit voiceless Visos no I don't want you there can't get the back attack if I hit that area let's go here and here hopefully they'll come to this side we need to go help where possible okay that's not good dag okay um do that later let's engage you first [Music] good just hit nice we can get there great sud gear Alpha no now that we've opened the path let's use natural spinter we can't get there it's okay reposition right here actually right here same with you I'm going to try to get rid of the Nary AP rep position and Gamma will you be able to I wonder if not we just hang around here no you can't so we just hang around here actually okay you're dying it's fine okay um now S gear I hope this works okay you've got enough range and I'll aim and hit okay right here gone three good now just get rid of these three bears and that bear he's almost dead end ofon bleeding and poison everything just give him [Music] everything let's just heal you [Music] first come around just because he has an AOE attack okay engaged and let's see so yeah you're fine you need to help this side [Music] he will run which is fine he's only got four Terror one more and he runs ghost War [Music] okay so we'll do two things now Captain will kick him gets rid of the terror debuff and we'll just reposition ourselves so that no I think this is good maybe just one step away got your aggro and okay there to round [Music] sudar okay yep good wait I thought that was Captain okay okay Captain crap wrong Captain it's okay get you down in a second which ghost bear is this okay that ghost bear now we get ooh no you can't there a reason why being asked to go very very far okay this one and this one so this can we kill no let's not let's go this side and bleed okay let's see what it does I think the debuff is Enough To Kill ouch three times oh him runs which is fine don't want you die okay not enough we have to be careful with this one [Music] engaged try to finish this one off six Stacks 437 yes you will [Music] die okay I'm fine this ass we go this way okay but we need to take the aggro off [Music] him then you can go here Len and do this and dag can you finish your yes berserk berserk doesn't matter okay now your turn go here bite I should be able to finish you off watch this three animals take turns one two three oh no no crit let's do that again round two one two man you are tanky oh he's berserk I'm good so so I don't mean that I'm good as in like I'm okay now I'm not trying to boast that I'm good I'm definitely not good at this game heal Teddy just in case okay now can we shoot him yeah that's fine I'm not going to use the points there's no point pushing him back he actually no he was blocked so would have been fine it's okay okay I think we're good with this one Relentless okay he's dead one left so let's hit you from the back give some space bit more to endon berserk it's fine and he's dead great do we get Four Paws five lots of Paws please four we can create two awesome that was worth the effort how to repair parts raw material sorry I need to will I last for the next battle we'll see no one leveled up after all that [Music] awesome te it's too heavy it's too heavy too much carcass I'm going get rid of some carcass one two 3 four 5 can I not shift what is it shift not [Music] 56 okay that'll do for now let's finish this and then we'll stop the episode here I think that's a good point okay they've only got four outstanding ones we can do this and then I I think we need to head back to get more repair parts uh raw materials not repair parts okay three need to get what is the leader cannot be captured movement 50% Captain where are you we need to kill him first anyone see Captain ah there you are go straight in okay so you're all over the place we so gab AIC need we need endon on this side 1 2 three four five four big boys okay Otis Vos let gr all this and so the G have to be at the bottom here with the Bears Inquisitor will be up here we bring you down more will be here and you will be here yeah okay I think we're good who goes first you go first just send you straight in if that's the case I might swap you over yeah it's because of this guy if you can get rid of him that'll be awesome attack of opportunity the oil nice the movement speeds cut into half okay yes but you can still kill me okay can you go to Captain yes good thank you okay good Lieutenant bear will come along here that's fine the other Lieutenant okay you you are the are the lieutenant wait too close let's do this and let's do this he needs a taunt skill yep that's why he needs a taunt [Music] skill that is why and he's going to come over as well wasn't wanting to do that but no my choice let's not waste it okay good foot soldier we need to get iness we'll probably go in here [Music] here guard slice good Defender it's you you can help the bottom as well yeah know you need to help the bottom liso will go in Haim yep no h will go up top get rid of your guard very tanky tactician tag [Music] T then we go through [Music] here perfect wait you don't have taunt oh you had taunt um Captain's going to get backstabbed it's not [Music] good okay protect the captain [Music] foot soldier yeah it's [Music] fine lieutenant is yours a targeting no weakening okay nice foot soldier Okay you can attack Captain that's fine I can't do anything with that Defender fing Soldier okay maybe I need to get rid of the fing Soldier first okay [Music] good wonderful you're all poisoned two poisons two stacks Defender tactician tactician is the issue L I can't get there in time yeah no there's nothing I can do I'm going to go help IND Divine will help out I mean I could have one onone but I decided not to I decided against it we can help actually is it 5 m yes let's do that oh no that hurt that was a bad [Music] idea real bad idea what we push you oh we yes we can push you back good nice you back oh he almost killed braine he could have chucked out that brine F serier you can't go far right yeah okay good Lieutenant I know what to do here um yeah we do that and we do this and do this yep okay uh Defender got so is down there right so we do this one no you can't get there can you get there no Bear's in the way two uh I prefer gamma to help okay I think I have the right count okay good okay now s let's see just over your shoulder no armor okay good done foot soldier the armor um guard why is it not proing this time oh yes it proed let's taunt no let's not taunt [Music] anyone you can play with him pound that's nice that's not fair I forget someone's almost dying Defender y let's do this still doesn't work it's all right see we can free you up foot soldier good another way Inquisitor I'll engage you and weaken and okay good that propped the higher end of the damage skill okay best I can do actually I should save him no more Val points every action he takes he checks an axe at him can I kill kill him and yeah SC enough for [Music] me okay good we can engage oh you're still available wonder who was still available you can't go anywhere so that's fine Lan you stay here good good you engage Captain nice you're going to ask the fleet right no it's just couple more Valen Soldier and F Soldier so Captain 227 it's incredible there you go 2 three 0 and buckler uh-oh too heavy tacci look I'm just going to grab them all level 9 they mostly level 9 might have some use and heal one Teddy can finally but what I'm going to do is it's too heavy I need to Chuck more of this can I split the stack no sorry one by one I don't want to waste the carcass I will feed it to my companions in a second okay so I think this is probably a good place to stop I'm just going to collect this inspect and get too much to heavy so one two three heavy again okay and then we're going to head back I'm going to try to quickly head back [Music] here and then we'll stop there it's been pretty fun so far if only I could just cross the river without ooh the bear oh we need a new bear teddy bear would be nice to grab you bear and what what I'm planning to do next episode we might just do a quick trip around the world grab a lot of the raw materials so that I can keep repairing armor too heavy again it's very dangerous to do this that's a mushroom okay we made it back safely and we'll stop here we'll come back do some housekeeping and then as I said we'll do a tri a World trip and get some ingredients raw materials cabbage anything else that we want to create and we'll see how we go thank you for joining me please leave any suggestions feedback in the comment section below and I'll see you next time take care have a great day bye [Music] oh | SapiensPeace | UCP1mimhGRcFeh-lWNth8eLQ | 2024-03-18 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 4,240 | 20,815 |
0oPgX0kTS3U | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0oPgX0kTS3U | Ndire hindi Ngarua na My Senior Bishop JJ - REV BEN KIENGEI JCM CHURCH | you are watching our church live this is a hospit for those people for [Music] and I will speak it until I face my grave [Music] for praise the name of the Lord you cannot excommunicate members and yet you are telling people to [Music] repent praise the name of the Lord yes I should be [Music] answerable what are you teaching them praise the name of the Lord yes [Music] for praise the name of the Lord praise the name of the Lord Nation praise the name of Jesus [Music] yeah can for praise the name of the Lord we must have humility when handling other [Music] people [Music] for luckily this [Music] man praise the name of the [Music] Lord praise the name of the [Music] Lord [Music] I will never fight again with that man take that to the bank [Music] compassion take me to the place of my healing praise the name of [Music] Jesus | Naff Graphics JCM TV | UCjm7uDpo25Z9XhHXuHPl5uA | 2024-01-28 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 159 | 835 |
Q2hdNEz7v_s | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q2hdNEz7v_s | RESPECT JESUS' AUTHORITY (to save sinners) - A Higher Things® Video Short | we're looking at the gospel of luke chapter 19 verses 28 through 40 which is the episode in the gospel of luke where jesus triumphantly rides into jerusalem a day that we mark and celebrate in the church as palm sunday the sunday before easter it's the sunday that is the outset of holy week now maybe your sermon on sunday or maybe you're reading on sunday might be the passion reading but we're going to actually look at the triumphal entry reading since it is palm sunday the entire sunday is orion oriented around what takes place here which is jesus writing from mount of olive et into jerusalem the days leading up to his arrest trial and crucifixion resurrection now what happens in the triumphal entry is of course the central factor for all of the stuff that has been swirling around jesus throughout the gospel of luke the main questions that are taken up in the gospel according to luke and much of the other gospel texts as well have to do mainly with the identity and the authority of jesus you'll notice this when you go back and read through the first few chapters for several chapters actually of the gospel of luke there are several questions swirling around who is jesus how do the wind or why do the wind in the waves obey him why do his words have so much authority not like the scribes the question of his authority and the question of his identity run throughout the entire gospel of luke and here in luke chapter 19 verse 28 the question of jesus's identity and authority really come home to roost in jerusalem you find this most notably at the end of the gospel reading in the latter portion specifically in verses 39 the pharisees are coming up trying to get the disciples of jesus to be quiet they don't want to make a huge scuttle butt in jerusalem and they especially don't want the disciples identifying jesus as the messiah the son of david the one who comes in the name of the lord the one who is to be petitioned as many of the people are in the day of palm sunday hosanna the save us right save us now this imperative declaration that many of the people in israel and in the gospel of luke it is all of his disciples are crying out for jesus to do and to save and to redeem this is a question of his of course identity is he the messiah is the one is he the one with the authority of god to establish the kingdom of god as the messiah was proclaimed and the promise was given to david is jesus this guy that question hangs over this section in the gospel of luke and what we are reminded of here in this day of palm sunday of course as inheritors of this account of luke and inheritors of this kingdom that we did not establish is that yes indeed jesus is the one with the identity and the authority to forgive sins to establish a kingdom that is the rule and reign of god on earth amongst a group of people which is what we see happening in the triumphal entry we see his disciples riding with him and alongside him into jerusalem hailing and praising him as the one who will save and the one who will make right all the things that have been made wrong by sin death and the power of the devil and so on palm sunday we rightly too also take up the celebration and the rejoice of the people of israel as they see their messiah riding into jerusalem to re-establish the rule and reign of god on earth now yeah of course maybe some of the people in israel even some of jesus disciples are a little bit misguided and still unsure about exactly what all that entails but that doesn't make them any different from us in the present day we are similarly disciples but we still have questions and dark blank spots on our souls and bodies often times where we're not 100 sure what the rain and the rule of god as it comes upon us through the word of god and the power of the holy spirit are meant to do how is it supposed to look how is this supposed to function which is why palm sunday is such a great reminder for you and for me we are as god's people inundated with the reality that jesus has come he brings pleasures eternal and he establishes the rule and reign of god now we are on an adventure with the disciples as they will be throughout the trial of this week and into the resurrection scenes about actually all that this entails and what all this precipitates for us as christians now living on this side of the resurrection and looking forward to the coming of our lord and savior jesus christ once again thanks for watching hire things video shorts remember to like subscribe for notifications and donate to support hire things at hirethings.org giving if you like this video check out our website hirethings.org and check out more content from higher things | Higher Things, Inc. | UC7C7MAUjpes_XRMsX1rE8Sg | 2022-04-11 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 889 | 4,697 |
LpiF2xPQe64 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LpiF2xPQe64 | Can you punch a knife out of someone's hand? | [Music] I've actually come to the University of New South Wales today to try out this technique for real with people who I don't know and they don't know me unless they stalk me I guess if they can do the technique successfully I'm gonna give them $50 but I'm actually poor as so I'm hoping that doesn't work [Music] I'm here with Gabriel Smith boxing Lachlan usw Aikido Club if it's the publish I wanted the unis wgo coaches you understand take one there I'm one of the instructors us W muy Thai so if anyone's gonna hit hard here it's gonna be you yeah we have to say yeah well loving the improvement well no the thing is this is my my cheese stick so I channeled all my Chi into it this morning so I'm having this it's like I stole my Chi in it and it gives me extra stretch okay so yeah so you can position my arm wherever yep sure oh I'll go get started it's a small target [Music] yeah it hurts out yeah yeah oh that was a good one you can position my mom wherever you want it so if you want to throw a hook you can have it there if you want to throw it overhand you can have if you want to up it's up to you yeah whenever you ready [Music] they can have a few more shots no [Music] out holy thanks man sorry sorry about the fifty bucks yep I can hurt [Music] one more [Music] you can wind it up a lot if you want I've done being president oh yeah in my odd we don't punches himself you can get have two more shows if you want that's a doozy oh yeah I'm done I'm done my arms dead it's definitely dead weird in robot and the thing is like when they do it to like you had the knife down here so the theory is you're totally out of my hands up and then all of a sudden out of nowhere I'm gonna die from that position and that quick it's not gonna happen it seems like a now that we know this technique is and you should not use it in this situation we're gonna have a look at what you should do in this situation this time instead of me giving you the advice I'm doing a collaboration with JD so without further ado I'm gonna pass you up to him and he's gonna tell you what you should do in this situation instead hey Matt alright thanks for passing it off to be enough ajosh power here so we're gonna take a look at this so again I have no idea what anybody would ever point the knife at you like this I mean typically if somebody's here you're gonna get stabbed they're gonna stab you that's why they're here they want to stab you this is emotional weapon they're gonna kill you I hate to answer what ifs but if I had to deal with this option number one is give them whatever they want give them what he wants man if you don't have if you're not prepared to defend yourself you're gonna die you can't where the knife is I can accidentally get stabbed I could be like do this and he sticks me because he sees me move if I absolutely had to deal with this because he has a weapon and I don't so if I'm here and I'm like hey look man oh my god I'm taking off man I'm running why this dude has a knife be real you can train all the martial arts you want to in any period you're gonna get killed all I did was I came over can I pass this to the outside to create this wall that's all so again push pass once I got here I'm shoving the upper body in order to drive him away so the knife's to your boot relax come out I'm done right I'm not trying to die we'll talk about a second option if I have to stay in the fight and I have to engage I'm printing pretty bad here as you can see I got the t-shirt on but anyhow what I'm going to do is I'm gonna pass the upside push this guy and create some space and then I'm going to engage from here Hey look man relax I wish this guy get this weapon right now in this particular case I had to control his arm as you can see this is going to get ugly it's gonna get messy I mean he's already got the drop on he's already got a knife huh guys make no mistake harder percent this is a Hail Mary if I have to engage empty-handed which would be the absolute worst scenario I don't know why you would do this maybe you could not run the guy I don't know the last one would be I would push the outside he'll kick here trying to control this knife he's got three points of articulation he's got his shoulder he's got his elbow is his wrist I'm trying to isolate all three of those and control this to the best of my ability right and from here maybe I can put enough stress on the arm the elbow will probably not I'm gonna have to fight maybe snap it out and pull him down to the ground but either way I've got to try to control this knife and from there it's a flank let's finish guys I mean combative strikes knees whatever it is but to break that down wonderful it bring in your attack dog that's what I kill him vicious attack dog what I did was I pass to the outside again so all I'm doing is I'm passing so even if I missed this thing this is where I wind up that's okay I just need to get this away from me so I passed here one time slow pass hook hook shoulder in head towards him and I've been hang on for dear life because he's gonna try to get that weapon back what I don't want what I'm trying to do is pull this arm away from him because if I'd let him get that over there this is a problem or potentially he could even switch hands and now I'm in a whole new fight quick down and dirty tutorial Matt thanks for bringing this to me again thanks for working with me guys Chuck Chuck man we check skull density and that's why I got this black guy really train really flight and you know what you're gonna find you're gonna find out these bomb techniques and these crazy things that people come up with they don't work go live energy let's see what you're gonna know you got it you got to test it out you know when training knives are a great way to do it you get a good idea obviously the anxiety isn't gonna be there there's no way you can recreate that however it will give you a much closer interpretation of what the real flight lacks would be like damn it even even off dog that's a hard one man that's a hard sell look guys spar roll go live energy train you'll figure out what works and what doesn't in the meantime train hard stay safe I'm JD Josh Tyler we'll see you on ready man oh | Reality Check Self Defence | UC2JcXaJpyaIaX0F9SQg3V4A | 2018-03-01 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 1,274 | 6,235 |
he8Orm1g-iY | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=he8Orm1g-iY | Vintage Phone with a MIDI refurb | so Alex you wanted to see the midi telephone well here it is in all its magnificent 1960s Glory genuine telephone genuine wow was most of the insides aren't in anymore but that's that's fine same Bells same Bells um yes and if you observe here genuine uh genuine midi which I will now uh plug Back Together by putting putting uh putting my phone down professional and uh trigger via this button here genuine ring and uh if we look I'm about to pick up the handset and wait wait for it wait for it going to put the hand side down notes off note off yeah medieval | Alex | UCvD9x77W0i_dku__HhKY5ZQ | 2017-01-02 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 109 | 561 |
TACq2rNGI3g | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TACq2rNGI3g | Typographic ligature | Wikipedia audio article | in writing and typography a ligature occurs where two or more graphemes or letters are joined as a single glyph an example as the character a is used in English in which the letters I'm ER joined the common ampersand and developed from a ligature in which the handwritten Latin letters E and T spelling it from the Latin for and were combined topic history topic the origin of typographical ligatures comes from the invention of writing with a stylus on fibrous material like paper or clay businessmen especially who needed a way to speed up the process of written communication found that conjoining letters and abbreviating words for lay use was more convenient for record-keeping and transaction than the bulky long forms the earliest known script Sumerian cuneiform includes many cases of character combinations that over time gradually evolve from ligatures into separately recognizable characters ligatures figure prominently in many historical manuscripts notably the brahmic abugidas or the bind rune of the migration period germanic runic inscriptions medieval scribes who wrote in latin increased their writing speed by combining characters and by introducing notational abbreviations others can join letters for aesthetic purposes for example in black letter letters with right-facing bowls b o and P and those with left-facing bowls c-e-o D G and Q were written with the facing edges of the bowls superimposed in many script forms characters such as H M and n had their vertical strokes superimposed scribes also used notational abbreviations to avoid having to write a whole character in one stroke manuscripts in the 14th century employed hundreds of such abbreviations modifications to script bodies like these usually originate from legal business and monastic sources with the emphasis shifting from business to monastic sources by around the 9th and 10th centuries in handwriting a ligature is made by joining two or more characters in a typical fashion by merging their parts or by writing one above or inside the other while imprinting a ligature is a group of characters that is typeset as a unit and the characters do not have to be joined for example in some cases the file Ziggler prints the letters F and with a greater separation than when they're typeset as separate letters when printing with movable type was invented around 1450 typefaces included many ligatures and additional letters as they were based on handwriting ligatures made printing with movable type easier because one block would replace frequent combinations of letters and also allowed more complex and interesting character designs which would otherwise collide with one another ligatures began to fall out of use due to their complexity in the 20th century sans-serif typefaces increasingly used for body text generally avoid ligatures though notable exceptions include gill sans and Futura inexpensive floated typesetting machines in the 1970s which did not require journeyman knowledge or training to operate also generally avoid them a few however became characters in their own right see below the sections about German various Latin accented letters and at all the trend against digraph use was further strengthened by the desktop publishing revolution starting around 1977 with the production of the Apple 2 early computer software in particular had no way to allow for ligature substitution the automatic use of ligatures where appropriate while most new digital typefaces did not include ligatures as most of the early PC development was designed for the English language which already treated ligatures as optional at best dependence on ligatures did not carry over to digital ligature use fell is the number of traditional hand compositors and hot metal typesetting machine operators dropped due to the mass production of the IBM Selectric brand of electric typewriter in 1961 a designer active in the period commented some of the world's greatest typefaces were quickly becoming some of the world's worst fonts ligatures have grown in popularity over the last twenty years due to an increasing interest in creating typesetting systems that evoke arcane designs and classical scripts one of the first computer typesetting programs to take advantage of computer driven typesetting and later laser printers was Donald Knuth's Tex program now the standard method of mathematical typesetting its default fonts are explicitly based on 19th century styles many new fonts for extensive ligature sets these include FS Scala Syria and others by Martin Madge or in Homer text by Jonathan Homer mrs. eaves by Susan Alico contains a particularly large set to allow designers to create dramatic display text with a feel of antiquity a parallel use of ligatures is seen in the creation of script fonts that join letter forms to simulate handwriting effectively this trend is caused in part by the increased support for other languages and alphabets in modern computing many of which use ligatures somewhat extensively this has caused the development of new digital typesetting techniques such as open type and the incorporation of ligature support into the text display systems of Mac OS Windows and applications like Microsoft Office an increasing modern trend is to use a th ligature which reduces spacing between these letters to make it easier to read a trade infrequent in metal type today modern font programming divides ligatures into three groups which can be activated separately standard contextual and historical standard ligatures are needed to allow the font to display without errors such as character collision designers sometimes find contextual and historic ligatures desirable for creating effects or to evoke an old-fashioned print look topic Latin alphabet topic topic stylistic ligatures topic many ligatures combined f with the following letter a particularly prominent example as or fi rendered with two normal letters the tittle of the AI in many typefaces collides with the hood of the F when placed beside each other in a word and are combined into a single glyph with the tittle absorbed into the F other ligatures with the letter F include FJ f L F F F F F I and F F Bell ligatures for fa fa fo f r FS feet f b fh foo FY and 4f followed by a full stop comma or - as well as the equivalent set for the doubled f f and f ft are also used though are less common these arose because with the usual type sort for lowercase F the end of its hood is uh Nicole ition with raised parts of the next letter ligatures crossing the morpheme boundary of a composite word are sometimes considered incorrect especially in official german orthography as outlined in the Duden an english example of this would be FF in shelf full a German example would be shift fart boattrip some computer programs such as text provide a setting to disable ligatures for German while some users have also written macros to identify which ligatures to disable Turkish distinguishes dotted and Dauntless I in a ligature with F in words such as fern and thicker this contrast would be obscured the file Ziggler is therefore not used in Turkish typography and neither are other ligatures like that for Florida which would be rare anyway remnants of the ligatures z sharp s s set and t z sharp t tez it from fracked or a family of german black letter typefaces originally mandatory in fraktur but now employed only stylistically can be seen to this day on street signs for city squares whose name contains plats or ends in plats instead the s z ligature has merged into a single character the german see below sometimes ligatures for st. CH court qu and th are used eg in the typeface Linux libertine besides conventional ligatures in the metal type era some newspapers commissioned custom can densed single sorts for the names of common long names that might appear in news headings such as Eisenhower Chamberlain and others in these cases the characters did not appear combined just more tightly spaced than if printed conventionally germán topic the German nest set also called the scarce s meaning sharp bass as an official letter of the alphabet in Germany in Austria there is no general consensus about its history its name s zet meaning SZ suggests a connection of long s and z but the latin script also knows a ligature of long s / round s the latter is used as the design principle for the character in most of today's typefaces since german was mostly set in black cluttered typefaces until the 1940s and those typefaces were rarely set in uppercase a capital version of the s set never came into common use even though its creation has been discussed since the end of the 19th century therefore the common replacement in uppercase typesetting was originally as Z may measure mas Z different from mosques a mass mas SE and later SS may mas SE the SS replacement is currently the only valid spelling according to the official orthography the so-called req tribe Reform in Germany and Austria for German writing in Switzerland that is omitted altogether in favor of SS hence the German slur about the Swiss we drinkin - Weiser beer in Masson how do the Swiss drink beer in mass instead of to other meanings if it had been written as in mein one us not too much the other to drink out of jugs that hold exactly one ma volume since 2008 the capital version of the S Tech character as part of Unicode and appears in more and more typefaces the new character has not yet entered mainstream writing a new standardized German keyboard layout bin - 1 372 has included the capital since 2012 since the end of 2010 the standard Arras just for geography schneemann sta GN suggests the new uppercase character fer rather than replacing it with SS or SZ for geographical names topic massachusett topic in the colonial orthography created by John Eliot later used in the first Bible printed in the Americas the massachusett language mam use wanted a pen at em way up bible-- engaged in 1663 although Elliott had previously translated catechisms and published books of the Bible as well as trained Indians to become literate who in turn trained others a prominent feature of the new orthography was his use of the double elixir to represent the goo of food as opposed to the goo of hook although Elliott himself used GU and interchangeably in the orthography in use since 2000 in the Wampanoag communities participating in the whap anak language reclamation project the ligature was replaced with the numeral eight partly because of its ease in typesetting and display as well as similarity to the OU u ligature used in Abenaki for example c bash colonial cpa - w lr p modern topic letters and diacritics originating as ligatures topic as the letter W as in addition to the Latin alphabet that originated in the seventh century the phoneme it represents was formerly written in various ways in Old English the runic letter when was used but Norman influence forced went out of use by the 14th century the new letter W originated as to versus or us joined together developed into a legitimate letter with its own position in the alphabet because of its relative youth compared to other letters of the alphabet only a few European languages English Dutch German Polish Welsh Maltese and Walloon used the letter in native words the character a lowercase a in ancient times named desk when used in the Danish Norwegian or Icelandic languages or Old English is not a typographic ligature it is a distinct letter a vowel and when alphabetized is given a different place in the alphabetic order in modern English orthography a is not considered an independent letter but a spelling variant for example encyclopedia versus encyclopedia or encyclopedia a comes from meadia eval Ladin where it was an optional ligature in some words for example Aeneas it is still found as a variant in English and French but the trend has recently been towards printing the a and E separately similarly oh and Oh while normally printed as ligatures in French are replaced by component letters if technical restrictions require it in german orthography the umlaut advise a oh and you historically arose from a oh you ligatures strictly from superscript e this a oh you it is common practice to replace them with a o u digraphs when the diacritics are unavailable for example in electronic conversation phonebook street umlaut advise equivalent to the relevant digraph so that a name Muller will appear at the same place as if it were spelled Muller German surnames have a strongly fixed orthography either a name is spelled with you or with you however the alphabetic order used in other books treats them as equivalent to the simple letters a oh and you the convention in Scandinavian languages and Finnish is different there the umlaut vowels are treated as independent letters with positions at the end of the alphabet the ring diacritic used in vowels such as a likewise originated as a no ligature before the replacement of the older on without became a de facto practice and up with another on top could sometimes be used for example in Johannes Maria TSA's Runa ABC bokken 1611 the Yule ligature you in particular saw use in early modern high german but it merged in later germanic languages with you eg mhg Fu's EE and HG foo sharp-ass modern German foo foot it survives in Czech where it is called crews ik the tilde diacritic used in Spanish as part of the letter nu representing the palatal nasal consonant and in Portuguese for nasalization of a vowel originated in ligatures where and followed the base letter espanha Espana similarly the circumflex in French spelling stems from the ligature of a silent s the French Portuguese Catalan an old Spanish letter C represents AC / AZ the diacritics name cedilha means little Z the letter where used only in transliteration of the Gothic language HW ligature it was introduced by full ologists around 1900 to replace the digraph hv formerly used to express the phoneme in question eg by Meghna in the 1860s patrol Ohia latina volume 18 the byzantines had a unique o u ligature that while originally based on the Greek alphabets Omicron epsilon carried over into Latin alphabets as well this ligature is still seen today on icon artwork in Greek Orthodox churches and sometimes in graffiti or other forms of informal or decorative writing GHA a rarely used letter based on Q and G was misconstrued by the ISO to be an oil igitur due to its appearance and is thus known to the ISO and in turn unicode as the international phonetic alphabet formerly used ligatures to represent affricate consonants of which 6 are encoded in unicode and 1 fricative consonant is still represented with a ligature and the extensions to the IPA contained three more and the initial teaching alphabet a short-lived alphabet intended for young children used a number of ligatures to represent long vowels eh-oh and ligatures 4e o and oi oi that are not encoded in unicode ligatures for consonants also existed including ligatures of wh in a reverse T with H neither the reversed T nor any of the consonant ligatures are in Unicode rarer ligatures also exist such as barred AV which is used in medieval Nordic languages 4o along closed mid-back rounded vowel as well as in some orthographies of the massachusett language to represent u along closed back rounded vowel which was used in medieval Welsh to represent the voiceless lateral fricative end topic symbols originating as ligature stop ik the most common ligature as the ampersand n this was originally a ligature of E and T forming the Latin word @ meaning end it has exactly the same use in French and in English the ampersand comes in many different forms because of its ubiquity it is generally no longer considered a ligature but a lager Graham like many other ligatures it has at times been considered a letter eg in early modern English in English it is pronounced and not except in the case of NC pronounced etc in most fonts it does not immediately resemble the two letters used to form it although certain typefaces such as trebuchet ms' use the design and in the form of a ligature similarly the dollar sign dollar possibly originated as a ligature for pesos although there are other theories as well but is now a lanka graham the spanish Posada was sometimes symbolized by a ligature from pts and the French franc was often symbolized by an F R ligature alchemy used a set of mostly standardized symbols many of which were ligatures R for aqua regia s inside a V for aqua vitae and B for valium Marriott Mary's bath a double-boiler VB for Balian vaporous a steam bath and Triple A for amalgam in astronomy the dwarf planet Pluto is symbolized by a place ligature a different place ligature represents the property line in surveying in engineering diagrams a CL ligature represents the center line of an object topic digraphs topic digraphs such as ll in Spanish or Welsh are not ligatures in the general case as the two letters are displayed as separate glyphs although written together when they are joined in handwriting or italic fonts the base form of the letters has not changed and the individual glyphs remain separate like some ligatures discussed above these digraphs may or may not be considered individual letters in their respective languages until the 1994 spelling reform the digraph CH and LL were considered separate letters in Spanish for collation purposes Catalan makes a difference between Spanish ll or palatalized L written l l is in ll e i law and french ll or geminated out written l l as in call lega colleague the difference can be illustrated with the french dai grepher which is composed of the ligature o in the simplex letter u dutch i however is somewhat more ambiguous depending on the standard used it can be considered a digraph a ligature or a letter in itself and its uppercase and lowercase forms are often available as a single glyph with a distinctive ligature in several professional fonts eg Zaffino sans-serif uppercase I glyphs popular in the Netherlands typically use a ligature resembling a you with a broken left hand stroke adding to the confusion Dutch handwriting can render why which is not found in native Dutch words but occurs in words borrowed from other languages as I glyph without the dots in its lowercase form and the IJ in its uppercase form looking virtually identical only slightly bigger when written typed as two separate letters both should be capitalized or not to form a correctly spelled word like I J's or IJ s ice topic non-latin alphabets topic ligatures are not limited to Latin script the Armenian alphabet has next ligatures EV also recognizes as letter MN the brahmic abugidas make frequent use of ligatures in consonant clusters the number of ligatures employed as language dependent thus many more ligatures are conventionally used in Devanagari when writing sanskrit than when writing hindi having 37 consonants in total the total number of ligatures that can be formed in dave & algorri using only two letters as 1369 though few fonts are able to render all of them in particular mongaul which is included with microsoft windows index support does not correctly handle ligatures with consonants attached to the right of the characters da-da-da-da-da leaving the varoma attached to them and displaying the following consonant in its standard form the Georgian script includes you uni which is a combination of O Oney and the former letter O II by a number of ligatures have been employed in the Greek alphabet in particular a combination of Omicron Omicron and epsilon Epsilon which later gave rise to a letter of the Cyrillic script Co letter among the ancient Greek Acra phonic numerals ligatures were common in fact the ligature of a short legged capital PI was a key feature of the Accra phonic numeral system Cyrillic ligatures ln y io defied Cyrillic letters or ligatures of the early Cyrillic decimal ion another vowel ancestor OVA you descended from another ligature Oh an early version of u 2 letters of the Serbian Cyrillic alphabet l je and n je Ln were invented by Vuk Stefanovic karaagac for use in his 1818 serbian dictionary replacing the earlier digraphs Ln n as ligatures of Cyrillic Allan and Ln with the soft sign yay a ligature of Yanni also exists as dude easy ze D + z + z HW e z + z some forms of the Glagolitic script used from Middle Ages to the 19th century to write some Slavic languages have a box-like shape that lends itself to more frequent use of ligatures in the Hebrew alphabet the letters Aleph and lamed al can form a ligature the ligature appears in some pre-modern texts mainly religious or in Judeo Arabic texts where that combination is very frequent since Al written all F plus lamed in the Hebrew script is the definite article in Arabic in the Arabic alphabet historically a cursive derived from the Nabataean alphabet most letters shapes depend on whether they are followed word initial preceded word final or both medial by other letters for example Arabic mem isolated M tripled him rendering his initial medial and final notable are the shapes taken by lamb + olive isolated lion lamp + olive medial or final Unicode has a special alla ligature at U + F DF - o do one of the main languages of South Asia which uses a calligraphic version of the Arabic based Nast Alex crypt requires a great number of ligatures in digital typography in Paige a widely used desktop publishing tool for Adu uses nasta backquote liq fonts with over 20,000 ligatures in american sign language a ligature of the american manual alphabet is used to sign i love you from the english initialism ILY it consists of the little finger of the letter i plus the thumb and forefinger of the letter L the letter Y little finger and thumb overlaps with the other two letters the Japanese language has a number of obsolete kana ligatures of these only two are widely available ones on computers one for hiragana which is a vertical writing ligature of the characters yoandri and one for katakana which is a vertical writing ligature of the characters Cohen to Lao uses three ligatures all comprising the letter H as a tonal language most consonant sounds in Lao are represented by two consonants which will govern the tone of the syllable five consonant sounds are only rep presented by a single consonant letter m n l w meaning that one cannot render all the tones for words beginning with these sounds a silent indicates that the syllable should be read with the tone rules for rather than those of the following consonant three consonants can form ligatures with the letter + equals n + equals m + + equals l + w just form clusters and w l can also be used written in a cluster rather than as a ligature l in many runic texts ligatures are common such ligatures are known as bind runes and were optional topic Chinese ligatures topic ridden Chinese has a long history of creating new characters by merging parts or holes of other Chinese characters however a few of these combinations do not represent morphemes but retain the original multi-character multiple morpheme reading and are therefore not considered true characters themselves in Chinese these ligatures are called Evan hey wen or su hey Shu C polysyllabic Chinese characters for more one popular ligature used on chun-tae decorations used for Chinese Lunar New Year as a combination of the four characters for Jo side Jin Bao Zhu CAI Jin Bao meaning assuring in wealth and fortune and used as a popular New Year's greeting in 1924 do ding you do ding you 1898 to 1967 created the ligature two from two of the three characters to Xu Guan toshu gong meaning library although it does have an assigned pronunciation of Tuan and appears in many dictionaries it is not a morpheme and cannot be used as such in Chinese instead it is usually considered a graphic representation of tissue Gong in recent years a Chinese internet meme the grass mud horse has had such a ligature associated with it combining the three relevant Chinese characters South me and ma kendama similar to the ligatures were several two syllable Chinese characters Shuang Yi ng a Hans II created in the 19th century as Chinese characters for SI units in Chinese these units are dye syllabic and standardly written with two characters as Lee me lemme centimeter Li Cindy me meter Archean hua Qian WA kilowatt however in the 19th century these were often written via compound characters pronounced dye syllabic Li such as GN for tianhua or leaf rly me some of these characters were also used in Japan where they were pronounced with borrowed European readings instead these have now fallen out of general use but are occasionally seen topic computer typesetting topic the OpenType font format includes features for associating multiple glyphs to a single character used for ligature substitution typesetting software may or may not implement this feature even if it is explicitly present in the fonts metadata xetex is a text typesetting engine designed to make the most of such advanced features this type of substitution used to be needed mainly for typesetting Arabic texts but ligature lookups and substitutions are being put into all kinds of Western Latin OpenType fonts in opentype there are standard liga historical H lig contextual click discretionary d lig and required r lig ligatures these can be enabled or disabled in css3 using font feature settings topic text topic opinion is divided over whether it is the job of writers or typesetters to decide where to use ligatures text as an example of a computer typesetting system that makes use of ligatures automatically the computer modern Roman typeface provided with tex includes the five common ligatures ff5 florida f fi and FF l when tex finds these combinations in a text it substitutes the appropriate ligature unless overridden by the typesetter topic CSS topic CSS supports font variant ligatures common ligatures discretionary ligatures historical ligatures in contextual are supported topic ligatures in unicode latin alphabets topic this table below shows discrete letter pairs on the left the corresponding Unicode ligature in the middle column and the Unicode code point on the right provided you are using an operating system and browser that can handle Unicode and have the correct Unicode fonts installed some or all of these will display correctly see also the provided graphic Unicode maintains that ligature as a presentation issue rather than a character definition issue and that for example if the modern font is asked to display H followed by R and the font has an hour ligature in it it can display the ligature accordingly the use of the special Unicode ligature characters as discouraged and no more will be encoded in any circumstances Unicode has continued to add ligatures but only in such cases that the ligatures were used as distinct letters in a language or could be interpreted as standalone symbols note however that ligatures such as a and O are not used to replace arbitrary a or o sequences it is incorrect to write does as does notably Microsoft Word does not enable ligatures by default partly for backward compatibility reasons due to its long history this can be changed from the Advanced tab of the font dialog box also there are separate code points for the digraph DZ and for the bosnian Croatian Serbian digraphs DZ LJ & NJ they are not ligatures but digraphs see digraphs in unicode ligatures used only in phonetic transcription u+ o - 3 8 in u+ o - 3 9 are called digraphs but are actually ligatures for ligature ornaments are included from u + 1 f 672 u + 1 f 673 in the ornamental dingbats block regular and bold variance of T script T and T open e and T topic contemporary art topic typographic ligatures are used in a form of contemporary art as can be illustrated by Chinese artist Xu bings work in which he combines Latin letters to form characters that resemble Chinese topic see also topic complex text layout kerning letter spacing list of words that may be spelled with a ligature monogram Sigler topic notes topic topic references topic topic external links topic type desk comm type desk on ligatures I love typography comm decline and fall of the ligature live example of ligature substitutions test your browser support for ligature substitutions works on all modern browsers except Safari HTTP colon slash slash blogs MSD and.com slash B slash font blog slash archive / 200 6 / o 8/10 / - opportunity - four - ligatures aspx | wikipedia tts | UCqKZqRCjBaE6TBfi_JQc8ag | 2018-11-08 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 4,895 | 28,527 |
ReirF0DM5oI | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ReirF0DM5oI | Dental panoramic radiographs | OPG | DPT Anatomical Landmarks | hi everyone hope you are doing well in today's lecture we will do the anatomy Cole and Max that are visible on a dental panoramic Toma graph also known as an OPG so let's begin with the landmarks this this rounded opening over here so this rounded opening is the external auditory meatus you can see in the opposite side as well so this is that struggle or dreamy edges the second landmark this structure is known as a steroid process this is the styloid process you can see these two shadows these are the yellows this is the yellow of the right side so you can see you can follow my pointer this is the yellow after outside the these are this alike bill what do P these are select over DP this is the condyle of the mandible this is the mandibular fossa sometime referred as at Illinois Prosser and and this surface is known as the articular eminence so this is the Conda this is the glenoid fossa also known as mandibular fossa and this raised portion is known as the articular eminence this is the coronoid process this is the developing dot term same over here you can see the pointer so this is the developing these are the developing cottager are more precisely developing toward germ of that mandibular third molars also known as the wisdom teeth these are the four brittle margins so this is the orbital margin after right side this is the orbital margin after left side so this area is the maxillary sinus on the right side and this is on the left side that this space is stuff off is the maxillary sinus this space is the nasal septum you can see this is the nasal septum this space is the nasal cavity this space is the nasal cavity and this spine at this pointed area is the Indian isn't spine this portion is the ramus of the mandible this portion is the ramus of the mandible this is the body of the mandible dysphoria is this portion is the body of the mandible this is the angle of the mandible this bone this shadow are hired on so this is high I don't this is the hyoid bone here a lunar canal you can follow my pointer this is the inferior areolar channel mental foramen we are not quite visible you can see the VA our reality now from its origin till here till the premolar area you can see an implant over here this is an implant and this is a restorative or more precisely a root canal t-to touch with a crown so there are a number of other landmarks - on a panoramic radiograph but here I've only explained those that are very prominent so please do give me a feedback by either come either as a comment or a life card is life you can also email me on the email that is right now appearing on the screen thank you very much for watching | Dental Education Hub | UCq2PXX30Djb2a84-ySn3FNw | 2019-03-14 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 510 | 2,660 |
gaR30pWsDHM | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gaR30pWsDHM | Rich Skrenta, CEO of Blekko - Extraction Point with John Furrier | prepare for the extraction Point we've been briefed on all the important stories and events in the world of emerging information now it's time to extract the data and turn it into action live from the Silicon angle studios in the heart of Silicon Valley this is extraction point with John furier hi I'm John Furrier with the extraction Point turning the signal out of the noise turning data into this is your extraction point and I'm here with Rich grr the CEO and co-founder of bco who's joining us today but first up on the news today Google is announcing social search or an update to their social search and updated some real-time capabilities from search from a year ago and this is this is an interesting story about Google they're launching um realtime Twitter friend data essentially social graph information into the Google search results and the extra action point here is that Google is actually turning into a social company trying to be like Facebook but the reality is that Google already has a lot of social data they have a ton of data on us from their toolbar Gmail or Services we use on Google and going to try to integrate that into the search results my angle on that is that they're trying to be sticky they see Facebook you know soaring with growth 600 million people in growing if you look at the amount of time Google users I mean uh Facebook users stay on the site it's growing Leaps and Bounds and Google is definitely definitely threatened by this so this is a signal from Google that one they have the data and two they're going to move aggressively to counter Facebook and they're really trying to create that aggregate data set to create a user experience that's sticky so that people can move back to Google and it's really a a move away from their classic search result which is find stuff get in get out and they're trying to make it more sticky so that's the the the key extraction point we're going to watch that from Google um Google has been known over the past years of really not innovating well within the search result I've written many blog posts and tweeted many times that you know Google Google's phenomenal for search for finding things like maps and stuff but you know it's been talked about in the press and by me that it's littered with Spam backlinks now the recent debate which we'll talk about today with Rich scanta from bco is the whole content Farm debate so you know Google uh is Google they hu they're huge players they own a ma major market share Major Market shareer in in the business but they have to really start thinking about Innovation around their data they really have to start thinking about using that to be more social and need a move against Facebook so that's the key extraction point for for Google Point number two it's Now official we are not in a tech bubble um says our favorite Community College of startups why combinator Paul Graham announced today on Hacker News that uh we're not in a tech bubble and I got some quotes here from that and uh it's it's pretty funny he says Paul Graham says in the 90s it was the dumb leading the dumb smooth talking mbas were raising money from hapless limited partners and investing in startups run by other smooth smooth talking mbas he said now it's Yuri Milner investing in companies run by Mark Zuckerberg so you know smooth talking mbas to Russian investors I don't know what bubble we're in now but it sure seems like a bubble I wrote a blog post about it are we in a bubble yes and no I think we are and aren't and we'll have more to drill down on that but not to be outdone by that Mark cubin weighs in today and and says uh it's a new era like the old email chain letters and uh story on private Equity Hub uh peeh hub.com had a great story and it's quote remember the old chain letters where you put some money up then you get other people to put money up and then you give it to other people who were in The Deal before you that's what's happening today says Mark cubin who knows a lot about bubbles who sold broadcast.com for a billion dollars I would say at the top of the bubble and he's smiling because the bubble bar bursted right after he sold broadcast.com now he owns a sports team he's uh you know living the high life and you know we're a big fan of Mark euin um but he's saying it's it's a it's a scam it's a chain letter scam and the VCS are paying top dollar from the VCS before him and he said uh the only players really on the hook are the guys from the last rounds holding the Hot Potato at the end not to be outdone Andy Kesler yesterday here on extraction Point talked about the bubble in detail and his angle was that the valuations are completely bogus because there really is no free market to validate whether or not the valuations are good so if Zing is getting 9 billion and Twitter's going to get 5 10 billion Facebook's got 60 billion yeah there's some shares trading hands but people aren't meeting in the middle to really understand the True Value so you know that those kinds of valuations really are not really that set in reality and that's that's the message from Andy Kesler and he said uh you don't want to be the last one holding the potato at the end of when it pops so that's the key to success with that the third point is today and extraction point is President Obama is in Silicon Valley for a big dinner with industry leaders from Silicon Valley he's gonna be meeting with Mark Zuckerberg Steve Jobs and even Carol Barts got on the list which surprises me because she's been probably the worst CEO in Tech in the past three years doing nothing with Yahoo U as they crumble continue to crumble but you had a lot of other big names in there and I think you know as Andy Kessler and I talked about yesterday in the extraction point is that the government really to be effective needs to just get out of the way and I think the government policies whether it's net neutrality or promoting Innovation and job creation really should just let the smart people do their thing let the Silicon Valley Tech leaders and young startups get out there and lead the way and create jobs and just stay out of the way so if they want Innovation we think it's in the big data we think it's in infrastructure we think think it's in real computer science and Rich you and I will talk about that today about you know computer science and real Tech not just some fancy app not some game app but like real Tech and uh the extraction Point here today for the interview is Rich grenta the CEO and co-founder bco and the the innovation of the future in our opinion is going to come from this convergence of a new user experience where infrastructure and services are driving a new economy new value new user experience and to me signals like Twitter and Facebook and these new apps uh coming on Apple App Store are a sign that the world's shifting and the user experience is changing the web is changing the internet now is mature the plumbing is all in place there's services on top of it but there still needs to have some Innovation so rich welcome to extraction Point here today thank you John and let's let's talk about that let's talk about the the world we live in you are you are the CEO and co-founder of bco which is a search engine and I guess search engine is kind of an old word but still people search for things and search is dominated by Google Now Bing's trying to nip at their heels Yahoo kind of sideways and and and you know sinking fast um but search is is about users finding things and and the world's changing and it needs Tech involved talk about your view on search today well that that's exactly right you know people you know when they go looking for something they always turn to a search engine and that's why search engines make more money online than any other business Sear cpms are $50 to $100 you compare cpms on a news site you know might be $10 CPM or on a social network you know 50 cents a dollar CPM maybe search is so valuable because that's where people turn when they when they want to find something but search isn't done I mean the composition of the web has changed so dramatically over the past decade in 2000 we had about a billion Earls on the web we're up way over 100 billion Earls today different kinds of material all the social graph data that didn't exist a decade ago new categories of search I mean folks go over to search. twitter.com and they don't say hey I'm cheating on Google they're like I can do new searches that I just wasn't doing before I couldn't pull the audience during a presidential debate and see what other people were thinking uh and we find this absolutely fascinating you I was um I just want to say to the folks out there who who know me and follow me on Twitter or if you don't follow me on Twitter I was pretty critical of Rich's company when they launched um was a big fan when you spun out of topics your last company brought your whole team of uh super Geeks over there real computer science guys doing some good work but your launch was I I think the title was uh all Sizzle no steak or something like that I remember that um and and mainly because I just had a bad user experience when I first used it but I got to say you guys as I as I dug into the story more and looked into it you guys were a victim of the press the Press were were pitting you against Google and you guys really as a company didn't come out and overhype yourselves you you stayed kind of close to your knitting building some tech it takes some time to build these kinds of systems you weren't doing a lot of PR you didn't want want the big splash you were pretty pretty much not looking for that but yet the Press built you guys up as this big story the next Google killer do you want to kind of clarify that and clean the record up there and and I'll fall on my sword that's the story they want to write you know I had a blog post uh actually I think like two years ago where I said there's no such thing as a Google killer Google's got 20,000 employees I think half of them have phds you know they're a great company they're not going anywhere but when you launch a search company people you know don't say oh how many user users are you going to get or how are you going to appeal to you know a certain segment of the market or you know what's your plan to you know roll out new products they say how are you going to kill Google and when you launch other kinds of companies if you launch a new you know social gaming company people don't say well how are you going to put Electronic Arts out of business how are you going to kill Zinga that's not the question you get but there's something about the search space that if you launch a search Company by default you know blacko new Google killer I mean that's the headline that you know everybody wrote and uh it certainly wasn't part of our messaging but no one's really launching search startups today I mean I think about search a lot it's something that I'm really into um and been a student of the whole search industry really from the beginning and and you know you you can't not think about Google as the major player because they own the market and you got B out there but you you know Google Google launched search when everyone thought search was portals right so so it's it's a fair it's a fair thesis to say hey there's business in search if you build some good technology and create a great user experience it's not a bad business opportunity right I mean that was pretty much what you we guys were thinking or that's right I mean search cpms are so valuable and you know you're right we we don't see a lot of search startups launching in fact I think we're the last one I mean there's actually three search engines left there's Google being and now blacko and there just aren't any other entities out there building search technology crawling the web you know and trying to differentiate a product in the market and that's kind of you know we scratch our heads over that we don't understand why VCS don't want to fund more search startups I mean maybe it's because there's been some high-profile failures in the space uh you know you need 5 or $10 million in Hardware to go build a search engine you can't do it with ec2 you can't do it with Y combinator funding it's not possible but five or10 million in Hardware I mean that's a sweet spot for what VC's L to write checks for it's not drug Discovery it's not FDA stage three trials or build and there's some tech involved I mean there's some computer science serious Tech which we'll drill into in a second um but let's talk about what's different I mean what Google made Google so great was they had a very unique perspective obviously the founders were focused on quality the specific thing about Google we all know insiders know the history of Google they were pushing away from advertising until the very end till Omid kind of you know forced them their hand to kind of take ads um but Google you know simple search box high quality but that was different that was something that was different back then in the day right you know versus everyone going portal what's different about what you're seeing uh and what you guys see as a vision not necessarily you know lay all your cards on the table but what do you see this that's going to give you some opportunity and some lift in in the marketplace and is it the platform is it the the user participation is it all the above well you know we have a feature called slash tags that let you basically pick a highquality vertical it's Corpus selection if I put slash Health on my blacko query I know I'm getting only trusted health sites if I put SL colleges I've got a good college search engine if I do SL hotels it's a hotel search engine we have thousands of the of these slash tags and we think they're necessary because at this point the web has become so big so inundated with Spam the cost of making new web pages is effectively zero where if you're willing to pay some folks in content swep shops maybe you pay 5 cents to generate a couple hundred words of content you can't write algorithms to pick up all the garbage on the web anymore the garbage outweighs the good stuff 99 to1 the only way to do this is to make you know categories of the best sites category by category and then try and get the user query into that good category uh this is a new problem this is a new problem that's really you know been developed over the past you know five years 2005 search results were a lot better than they are now but now you've got these giant entities just putting you know I think demand media puts 20,000 new articles onto the web every day articles about medical topics right do you want an article about osteoblastoma that was written by somebody who was paid 5 cents to do it who doesn't have a medical degree I that's you shouldn't be getting your medical content from there let's talk about content FS but first let's just ask Ricky Ricky do you have a screenshot of the um the bco search or demo did you have that demo and we'll see if we come with the demo so bco is a search engine obviously you guys have a unique approach um you guys are startup um let's just walk through a demo here um if possible um yep okay we have it on the screen so there's your search box so it looks very Google like so going type in Obama walk us through the play byplay here yeah go ahead and hit search so you've got your standard results here Barack obama.com uh I've got New York Times number two if you go ahead and click on the slash dat that's in the Upp upper right above the search results we'll sort of demo one of our more popular slash tags you can add slash date to any search and basically sort the entire web by date and you can see in the lower right of each result we've got two minutes ago seven minutes ago seven SL just as a clarification is a user generated um folksonomy or it's a way to tell bco to to basically modify your search and users do and users do that right uh well slash dat is one that we've made it's a it's a you know not every URL on the web has the date property right homepages don't have a published time it's the interior posts that come out on on the pages so it's a way to basically sort the entire web by date we could do another kind of search um you know instead of Slash dat you could do SL liberal or SL conservative let's just search the liberal web let's just search the conservative web uh you could do yeah let's go ahead and check that out do Obama San Francisco or would that be a ttag I don't know if we have a SL San Francisco tag or not Innovation um I I don't know if we have an innovation tag it's a you know it's a fixed taxonomy let's try green SL green um this is you know we're going to search greenf friendly websites uh Obama says climate change is real we hit will hire Gore this is really interesting right this is a search that you can't do on on Google right this is a novel kind of search and you say well what is this green thing go ahead and click on the you see right above the top search result uh it says SL green there and that's a link that you can go ahead and click on and we'll show you the list of sites that we've put onto our green slash tag now maybe these are good maybe these are bad this is sort of a first draft we've taken we're inviting people from the public to come in and help us extend this help us edit these these slash tags and since we've launched on November 1st we've had uh about 50,000 slash tags actually created by uh members of the public uh so it's really helping us fill out our system with a Wikipedia like model do you have a developer API uh we do have a number of apis yeah we've had some I want to develop how the developer I can play with us yeah just write to us we have API off ato.com we'll send you an API key that'll let you get past our rate limits that uh the scrapers are coming in through and uh and then we'll get you all set up with some documentation so um the content Farm spam people out in the real world that don't know the search business think of spam they think of email you know Viagra and their inbox and all that stuff the web is getting the same kind of effect where web pages bombing Google that's exactly right massive amounts of like crap just to get redirection to some sort of paid yeah scam or affiliate program right that's right I mean the same thing that happened to your email inbox in the 90s right I remember a paper came out of Microsoft's Hotmail team and they said hey we looked at the SMTP traffic on the wire and 95% of it is Spam now you're like wow 95% of all email traffic is spam what happens when 95% of all the web pages out there are spam well I'll tell you page rank doesn't work anymore in that world right and you better figure out what the good 5% is and just run your link analysis on that and exclude all the other garbage um you know that's a starting point and that's that's it's a firewall assume everything's spam and what you're doing is assuming everything is Spam and focusing on the quality opt in is better than opt out at this point there's too much too much bad and Google social search your what's your um what's your opinion on your angle on social social search I haven't checked out Google's product but uh you know we did an integration on bco with uh Facebook where we if you log into bco through Facebook uh we have a a pitch on our site that says friends make search better if you click that sign in through Facebook we'll personalize your results using the Facebook Graph API data so if you do a search like say San Francisco sushi you can see if some of your friends have linked some of these uh these restaurants and you could add SL likes to the query and then only get results that your friends have liked when you think about what's the what's the signal in a random URL on the web pointing at a random web page versus the signal in a random Facebook users like and because Facebook more tightly controls you know most of the people on Facebook are actually people to start with which is you're already light years ahead of of links when you do that and then we're not going to consider every like on Facebook we're just going to consider people that you're connected to and you're probably not connected to a whole bunch of spammers right you're connected to people you know and when you take that body of data and project it onto the web and use that for relevance ranking it's just Lighty years better than using links let's talk about blacklisting because um some of the sites out there basically been blacklisting demand media's e- house site um is that good bad for the industry is it time to say start Whit listing and blacklisting sites I mean you guys do that well we yeah we went and uh we we've got a feature on blacko under every one of our results there's a button called SLS spam and you can click on spam and ban that site from your own personal search index so every search you do in the future uh you won't see that site well after 3 months so when we launched on November 1st we went back and looked at the data and said well what did everyone click SL spam on let's go tally it up and you know run we we had the yeah we had the the top 20 most hated sites on blacko at that point and I said well you know here we are picking the best sites vertical by vertical we've got the top health sites the Top lyrics sites you know the top recipe sites but here I have a list of all the worst sites why do we have these people on our index why don't we just kick them all out so we did that we banned the top 20 content Farms including like sites like expert experts at change demand media's answer bag and ehow.com and some other sites and you know I got a lot of heat from that I had the CEOs from these companies coming to me coming to me through my investors through my board saying hey Rich we want to explain to you how great our content is I said look you know I hear you but all I know is that everybody on the web hates your site and you can tell me that you've got this great site and it's full of wonderful content but everybody hates you why should I leave you in the in the index and I don't want you know let's not be mey mouthed about this not say well we're going to let the algorithm decide no everybody hates your site you're out search his editorial let's clean it up yeah by the way people are seeing a little QR code on the uh screen if you whip out your mobile phone and click on that we're running an experiment to see who will click on it we had 350 click-throughs last time so um we're experimenting with trying to tie content to the video click on it yeah actually you know what go ahead and see what it happens um yeah I mean so I'm I'm really impressed with the uh bravado and and the the guts you guys have taken with that I I got to say you know that's bold and that's what we need right now let's talk about tech technology did it work yeah cool where' it go I think it might be redirecting to uh redirected somewhere that's very cool let's talk about the technology you guys have so so you've got some deals going on um with stack Overflow we'll talk about that in a second you have the slash like button which is I do agree friends do make search easier which makes Facebook so interesting um this graph API from Facebook you're doing that you're doing million queries a day what are what's the biggest Tech feature that you have that drives your your core engine is it software is it the hardware is it the ssds we were talking about you need quite a bit of Hardware to PW the web um we have 700 servers and we basically built a big distributed data store that we could copy the web into and use that so that our small engineering team could be more productive building a big search engine which is a hard task so it's a big structured data store it looks a lot like like Google big table from the top down but it's an integrated design but we crawl index and serve out of a structured data store not flat files that are you know custom code uh but a programmer can write a couple of lines they can fetch any web page get all of the backlinks get the anchor text get all of our classifier facets figure out if any users put them into a slash tag a really rich API that our program programmers can use internally to build a Search application and it's let us cover a lot more grounds more quickly than we otherwise could have what about the Slash tags how you handling that kind of inbound data I mean you integrating it right into a core index is it just separated from the core it's all stored in our main in our main data store so at search time if you are logged into blacko we'll go and you know basically do the fetches that put together your your search page based on the keywords you fetched we'll also go and say okay do you have a SL spam tag let's go fetch that list and scrub any domain or any URL that you've put onto that list out of your results have you applied a slashtag let's go you know basically inter the web against your slashtag and return that if you have logged in through Facebook that makes a set of virtual slash tags on Blackout the/ likes tags and so we'll take every one of your queries compare it against the L data annotate the snippet so that you can see if one of your friends like that site and if you've added SL likes do another set you know restriction uh to really let you drill into just the best content so the folks don't know we're here with Rich scr from co-founder from B bco who has a distinguished career in Tech in ninth grade wrote the first Apple 2 virus yeah you know work in Sun Microsystems Netscape which became AOL and then uh topics and now bco um topics is obviously the local you know powering back end that powers a lot of the local papers and huge huge company Chris tols is the CEO over there uh required by acquired by Tri was it Tribune triun ganette and there huge amount of page do so I live in paloalto so the Lo pal online has all you know the local sports and commments all powered by topics so you have you have seen your share of data scale challenges um from running open directory at Netscape um d.org and and and topics so you seeing a lot of the local you saw the local you saw the big old school search Paradigm you saw local now you're in bco talk about the user experience in the tech obviously mobile is hot it's the edge of the network companies like Groupon are getting you know tons of press with local stuff coupons and local this I'm hearing the word local almost as much as I hear photos in the in the startup Community you know everyone's that's the hot area you've been there right so you're building this massive end user engine for search what's your focus is your focus to have people use you directly as a site you looking to push out apis um you haven't figured it out yet um what are your what's your focus relative to this whole new user experience well we're we're we're doing both I mean first and foremost we consider ourselves an enduser consumer destination site we want people to come switch their search engine to blacko do come do you know make do slash tags right make make your own slash tags or at least use ours if we can figure out that you've done a query where we can automatically turn on a slash tag for you maybe you didn't know we had a SL Coles slashtag but you did a query and we say oh that's a you're you're looking for where to go to college next year this can take the spam out let's turn this on for you uh we like putting out our data in apis we're trying to be extremely open when you talk about Big Data there is no bigger data set than the web right it's the sum of all human knowledge is the world's Library online and it's interesting to me that like you look at the uh papers coming out of universities University professors don't write enough papers about the web and the reason is they don't have the data set it's a data set they don't possess because to to have the copy of the web to analyze you need big servers you need a thousand servers and you need gigabits of bandwidth you have to be crawling all the time so you know and it's too heavy to move I can't give you a copy of the web I mean how I'm going to to send a truck down with 50 racks in it so how do I give you the web well I give you the web by giving you apis by giving you very powerful ways to intersect it in real time surf the web backwards like who's linking to you who linked to you 5 minutes ago to answer that question you have to be constantly crawling the entire web see anytime a new Earl goes you know goes online go fetch it index the backlinks it's extremely computationally difficult but we can then turn that data back to the public data that the big guys up to this point have kept secret they don't let you see your backlink data uh in any sort of detail and you guys are offering that we're offering all of that stuff what about the fire hoses Twitter Twitter and because you know Google and Twitter Twitter have a relationship Twitter's also with Microsoft has the Twitter fire hose are you guys with Twitter on that we don't have the fire hose we have the uh what they call the garden hose um so I think it's like 15% of all tweets uh and so we're doing some things with that we haven't we haven't stepped up to the fire hose yet yeah because you sign with Gip now for the licensing big part charge like you know my firstborn son or something it's very expensive I've been pretty critical on Twitter and their whole develop they should give it to us for free so I want to develop on top of um black what can I do do I just sign in with you guys can I ping the apis because the users are consuming now through different Avenues mobile sites like ours um in the old days just go to browser browser based now you got mobile um how are you designing for mobile do you see this uh fitting into that right yeah we put out a uh we put out an app to use blacko uh on both uh iPhone and Droid so you can go into the marketplaces or the uh app store you can get the blacko app and it's uh it's pretty cool we've seen some some pretty good adoption on that it's a nice interface um you know we've we've done a lot of positioning with blacko around the slash right and if you have an iPhone the big problem is the slash isn't on the first keyboard you have to go to the second keyboard to get to the slash so the bco app actually fixes that it you know it you know highlights the Slash and and it often suggests slash tags so you don't even have to type out the slash tag which is important you know if you're trying to type something on your iPhone you know you want to type as little as possible really um so it's a pretty it's a pretty slick way to use it it's very fast um and it's a nice nice user experience we have the rich Grant of the C CEO of bco um and co-founder Tech Guru and search uh final couple minutes I'd like to spend with you talking about a couple things the user experience um what you're seeing out there and what's changing kind of going forward um specifically what are the top challenges that you're seeing with search right now and and search being kind of the holistic term not just you going to the page and getting results just in general people search for Stuff they're online what are the biggest Chanel they clutter and all these things but what are you seeing in your data MH you can share well you know on the on the user experience side we've got this feature called slash tags which you know you look at it and you're say well did they introduce the command line syntax from Doss into the search box you know what's up with that and we actually did a lot of user testing around that I mean you know the the mirrored glass and the moderator and the you know the cameras running and bring people in off the street and it was kind of cool because uh we had assumed that this was sort of only going to appeal to technical people to Geeks right that they would like it but you know this going to be a hard sell for grandma and from random people in the public we got a lot of push back actually on that messaging they're like slwe you know what's so hard to understand I get it SL shop this is great SL dat oh yeah I've always wanted that it's very pneumonic so once you show people uh they tend to use it um and you know we started to think hey you know people are using hashtags on Twitter uh Paris Hilton has a Blackberry you know the the audience has gotten more sophisticated since you know when I was at AOL uh you know n years ago and they said oh you can't click on the columns in AOL mail and sort because Grandma couldn't understand that well Grandma knows how to sort by columns now she's you know she she's pretty web savvy so uh and it takes a lot of the functionality that you might otherwise have to put into a very complicated advanced search page and it it just hides it right we have we have a search they're more they're smarter the users are smarter is it speed is it clutter that the big challenge is I mean your big challenge let mean knock down your top three challenges that you guys are were developing on to solve our top challenges are really on the you know on the back end on the search relevant side you know crawling how do we go get every Earl on the web evaluate it is it porn is it spam do we want to include it in our index what's what's the topic of this page is it suitable for SL dat is a good live crawl page sites that don't let us crawl right um unfortunately Facebook only lets Google and Bing crawl them we we're not allowed to crawl Facebook we said well you know let black go in like yeah we like you guys but you know gee you know some people scraped us and we're selling the data and we just don't know we have to think about it blackout can't crawl Facebook um you know it's like kind of like Google and being pulled the ladder up after they you know after they got in the top spots uh in order for us to index the web we have to have access to it and uh and we need you know lots of Hardware um lots of good classifiers it's sort of 10 problems all strung together like a yeah so question for you rich scren the CEO of bco um find a question about entrepreneurship you know obviously your experience you and I are about the same age a couple years off um I think you're two years younger than I am but you know in our day and age computer science was different you had to start a company you had to buy you know DSU CSU routers Sun server it's very expensive so there's a lot of it's easy to be a startup but it's also as Andy pointed out yesterday in the extraction Point there's more startups but it's easy you're more competition right so what's your advice to startups we're here in Cloud AA there a a lot of Smart Starts working with big data um what's your advice to startups around going forward what advice would you share with them in terms of building a company not a flip I don't want to build an app like serious entrepreneurs who were like what the a A+ athletes out there Tech Geeks what's your advice to them you can share I think go start a company I mean there's a lot of exciting stuff being built right now and it's really cool that you can build a company for less money I mean back in the late 90s you know you needed $5 million in a series a to go buy your sun servers and get your Oracle license and then go get racks in the data center and now you know you can rent all that ec2 you get MySQL it's free uh you know you're off to the races with you know you know hundreds of dollars literally I mean you don't need that much money and so we're seeing a lot more people starting companies you don't need 50 people to go put up a website anymore you can do what's the key success factor that you would share them you know you know Young Buck came to and said You Know Rich what's the key thing I need to be aware of in the market uh you know I would you know fail fast and iterate right if what you're doing sucks realize it and try something else um I know like some big successful startups that went through three or four pivots and you know you can't stick with something if it's not working for too long you know just pull the plug on it if you got time on the clock still try something else because your next idea could very well be a winner all right we're here Rich krenta the CEO and co-founder of bco final question to end the segment here on the extraction point is uh what's your vision of the world we live in over the next five to 10 years I mean five years ago Facebook was just kind of you know dipping their toes in the water putting out you know college you know bad UI and now grew up to a huge company um Google's changing what's going to change in our world in the next five years in Tech and for Consumer on the consumers on the internet you know I don't know it might it might be around 5 years it might be 10 years we've gotten about half the gizmos from Star Trek so far right okay and we're not going to have the laser beams and all that stuff because power is still a problem but you know the thing we want is to be able to talk to our computer and have it be our personal assistant like you know the middle class all got rich but there's no Butlers right but everyone wants that that thing that knows them really well that they can ask any question hey can you go book this flight for me where's my buddy you know what's for dinner you know you know what time is you know Obama getting into SFO I want to avoid that traffic and just have it have it know you and be able to interact with you in some kind of fluid way we've got you know this sort of you know you know landscape of applications that we use applications on our iPhone applications on the web you know Facebook Twitter we've got hundreds of buttons it's like we're all flying personal 747s that we've put together right with a million buttons you know and you're like I can I can I understand all these dials just to be able to fluently Converse and have you know a sophisticated system uh be your buddy online I think we're going to get that I think we're getting close we have all the component pieces I think you're right on that I mean I think that's computer science where it needs to go I mean I you know I was talking with um someone on the Cube we were at an event and they're saying you know if computers were cars if cars were computers we'd be driving into the wall I mean when you drive a car you don't think about the steering wheel you're looking at the road you're doing your thing right but computers no the computer science has not evolved to a true reasoning kind of value proposition I mean Star Trek's kind of cool to say that but the reality is that's where it's got to go I mean that's the tech right I think we're I think we're on the verge of it connect you know Microsoft Connect is so cool right you know it can finally hey it can see me and it can understand what I'm what I'm gesturing you know natural language processing you know understanding spoken speech it's gotten good lately it doesn't suck anymore you put all this together and I think there's you know a platform of tech that another generation of entrepreneurs are going to use and they're going to make some really cool stuff I got to ask one more question because we're on a roll here I like this this conversation um big data is one of the hottest buzzwords I mean I'm not a big fan of it O'Reilly actually didn't call their show Big Data they called it strata the data conference um but big data is a big hype to where you deal in the world of Big Data data now is at the center the value preposition for all this stuff Cloud mobile social um where data warehousing used to be this fenced off kind of industry locked in and maybe use the data but data is being used every day to create value what's your definition of big data and what does it mean to folks out there I mean big data is data that can't exist on a single box right you know if you need 10 servers or 100 servers to hold your data set um you know there are not really nice TurnKey off the-shelf solutions to do that we're just starting to get some you know sophisticated products that can do that sort of thing and you know here we are Cloud era you know they're being generous at you know hosting this and they're doing some really exciting stuff around that um you know if I do a query you know is it going to take like 24 hours for for it to spin in this old database system or when I was at AOL right log processing they had a billion browser starts a day on aol.com they couldn't process the logs in 24 hours it took more than a day to process a day's worth of logs in that you know if you're a product you know product manager you're like well did people use my service and you know you go you click on the form and it would just sit there and hang and then the browser would time out uh it's really exciting to be able to say can we take tons and tons of data and get to it quickly can I can I GP the web with a regular expression right I can because I have a machine that can do that but how do we how do we Empower regular people how do we turn these tools over everyone speed and provide good value personalization you mentioned this kind of assistant yeah all right cool well I really appreciate you coming in Rich grr to the CEO and co-founder of bco hot startup who is pretty humble not over hyping their service these guys are are programming away they're trying to create a great user experience have some interesting uh new updates they have the slash tag concept which was which was at launch but recently have a a relationship with stack Overflow which is a very popular Community around development and programming and Tech uh a new feature around like the like button SL like button and you guys are just sticking to your knitting programming away indexing the web and uh hopefully getting some relevant search results so thanks for coming on the extra point I'm John fur with silicon angle.com and silicon angle. TV that's a wrap for this this episode of extraction point | SiliconANGLE theCUBE | UCu3Ri8DI1RQLdVtU12uIp1Q | 2011-08-08 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 8,223 | 42,246 |
eLeX045qeNY | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eLeX045qeNY | US Market wrap 26-4-23 - Banking jitters return | [Music] good morning Traders well U.S stocks are broadly lower and Tuesday session there's another U.S Bank teaches on the verge of collapse and weak consumer confidence figures so um investors heading for the door their Futures have uh improved somewhat aftermarket closed on some great earnings out of Microsoft uh and Google um continuation of the banking Jitters we saw First Republic Bank plunge uh to record lows Our returnings Miss a reporting record deposit outflows seeing the stock price plunge 50 to all-time lows uh and dragging the broader Market down whether the Russell 2000 took the brunt of it to where the most of these mid-sized banks are listed um crashed almost 2.4 percent of the session as the worst performing major U.S index and a weaker than expected consumer confidence figure coming in at 101 point three versus an expectation of 104 also created headwinds for U.S equities FX markets uh US dollar caught a bid on the back of a nervous Market The Source Safe Haven flows dollar Index looking to test the 102 level before finding some stiff resistance just below that the Euro was a victim of the stronger Greenback Euro USD lost hold of the 110 handle also wasn't helped by a less hawkish tone from some ECB speakers Lane and filleroy in particular um let's let certainly less hawkish than we've had recently from ECB officials um and there's attorney in expectations too is the size of the next hike from the ECB it could be a 25 basis point rather than the 50 that was a was pretty much penciled in not long ago despite strong US dollar Japanese Yen outperformed uh sort of decent gains uh that was based on basically Safe Haven flows also a fallen U.S bond yield to helping the Yen along there and that came despite some dovish commentary for the new Bank of Japan governor euryda in the Asian session so we saw the US dollar Yen push past last week's lows and at findings before it found some support around that 133 37 level Commodities U.S crude oil had a had a big drop in Tuesday's session seems determined to fill that Gap from the the Gap up from the post-opic plus production cuts that was a couple of weeks ago um I saw the 76 handle again and found some to support around the same level it found on Friday and Monday the lows there a stronger US dollar and economic growth concerns obviously being the main drivers for the price of oil gold Bulls versus the Bears the Battle of 2000 continued in Tuesdays session with gold again seeing volatility around this area xau USD briefly pushed through to the upside but was rejected to see that price settle around that 1997 level so gold is traded around this 2000 level in a fairly tight range for almost two weeks now so 2015 to the upside and 1970 the major levels to watch there today's economic announcements the main risk event will be the q1 Australian CPI figures released at 11 30 a.m Australian Eastern Time pivotal I think in next week's RBA rate decision where the Futures markets currently pricing in around 80 chance of a hold so a hot figure here would certainly see those odds dramatically repriced and see some big moves in the Aussie dollar [Music] | GO Markets | UCP8lZgyKsITYeNVxc2B7RWQ | 2023-04-25 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 569 | 3,151 |
YN1MNQWFTTc | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YN1MNQWFTTc | DEF CON 30 - Contests Closing Ceremonies and Awards | - So just to introduce myself, I am Kabes. Hi. (audience cheering) Full disclosure, I just found out that I'm responsible for this whole room when I walked into it. (audience applauding) Don't do anything I wouldn't do. Also, I hope that this is everyone's first year here, and you don't know that I was involved in the scavenger hunt for the last 10 years. So that just really leaves everything wide open for all the trouble you guys could get into. This is going to be a very, very unorthodox closing ceremony... (audience cheering) Because I'm figuring it out just right now. So thank you everyone, and we're gonna drink about it later. (audience cheering) All right, I'll just give my thumbs up now. Oh, I'm good, all right. So even though I went through the trouble of collecting the scores and the stats for everyone's contest or event, I definitely did not have time to put any of it on here, because I'm making it up as I go. What I'm going to do is I'm going to call up the name of a contest or event, if you're here come on up. You're gonna talk to people about it, and then we will be awarding prizes for the first place contestants. (audience cheering) Thank you. I'm so excited that this horrible moment for me is going to be immortalized in DEF CON history. This is great. It's fine. All right. First of all, thank you to all of the C&E organizers, even though we look incredibly disorganized right now, so much work goes into this. We all have day jobs, and... This is all just our love of the CON, this is all of our time and energy. Thanks so much to all of the organizers, my GOONS are saving my life right now. Please give it up for my GOONS. (audience cheering and applauding) And since we're getting real deep and you're learning a lot about me right now, I just came into this role about a month ago. They just met me and they were very receptive to all of the bossing around that I've been doing while I try to get my sea legs with this. I would like to personally thank them for saving my ass. All right, beverage cooling contraption contest, please come up and save me from this. - [Beverage Cooling Organizer] Party. The beverage cooling contraption contest is the most fun you'll ever have. We had a blast, we had a whole bunch of teams sign up. Basically, you cool a beer as fast as you can. So we have two different competitions. One where you can bring anything you want in the entire universe. Just don't tell us what it is, and you'll get it past security, it's fine. So you can bring air conditioning units, whatever you want, and you cool a beer as fast as possible. We had that competition, and then we have the other one. where you can only build your contraption with stuff you get from the Las Vegas strip. You cool a beer down as fast as possible. So we got piles of dry ice, isopropyl alcohol. If you don't know, those two together is negative 140 degrees Fahrenheit, negative 90 Celsius. So you can cool really fast, it also hurts your hands like crazy. Basically we had those two competitions, I conveniently got the scores on my cool burner phone. So we had two competitions, we had one, so Casey are you here? He's there, okay. Casey won the unlimited competition, he brought a chiller plate, he cooled 70 degrees in seven seconds. From 105 to roughly around 40 degrees in seven seconds, the thing was amazing. He was sitting there siphoning it with his mouth for an hour. And then H.D. Smitty, are you here? - [Audience Member] Yeah. - [Organizer] I dunno if he is, it doesn't look like it, neither of 'em are here. But he won for the hack competition. He got a bunch of air compressor canisters, and blew air compressor canisters into a dry ice isopropyl solution, also hurting his hands. And built a cool spiny thingy out of stuff he found in the trashcan in the contest hall. And he did really, really well. I think it was two minutes down to 40 degrees from 105, so also really, really cool. - [Kabes] I think you guys need gloves, it sounds like. - [Organizer] There were lots of gloves, nobody was using them. - [Kabes] Safety first. - [Organizer] Not my job. We had safety goggles too and none of them were opened. That's pretty much it, none of them are here. - [Kabes] We'll figure that out later too. - [Organizer] Yeah, cool. - [Kabes] Thank you. (audience cheering and applauding) Absolutely a perfect example of safety third. All right, Bio Hacking Village. Do I have anyone from Bio Hacking Village here? That's a bummer, all right, I'll get there one day. That's actually somewhere I've really been trying to get to. Moving on. Creative writing short story contest. Do I have anyone from there? No, okay. Oh hey. Yay. No. (audience applauding) It's so great to meet you. - [Serum] It was a lot of fun, I'm Serum, I actually won the contest with War Dreamer. So thank you everybody, it was a lot of fun, and a lot of hard work, I loved the competition. (audience applauding) - [Kabes] All right, is Fox here? Fox? Man, yes. You have perfected being in multiple places at once. I knew you could do it, I knew you would build the technology. - [Fox] Hi I'm Fox, I did the Fox hunt challenge, for hunting down little foxes that we hid. There were three of them in total, it was all for fun. We hid one at the DEF CON sign under the chair. We had one, which was really mean, behind a projector. And I forget where the third one was at this point. But yeah, it was super awesome. Yeah, there he is Rich. But yeah, thanks guys. (audience applauding) - [Kabes] All right, no pressure to everybody else, but this one is very near and dear to my heart. Scavenger hunt, come on up. (audience cheering and applauding) It's so weird being on this side of this. - [Judge] What is this? - [Kabes] I don't know. It's all wrong, it's not meant to be this way, this is my contest. I'm supposed to be with them. - [Judge] But you are over there, go over there, go sit over there. Hello everybody, I am one of the judges with the DEF CON scavenger hunt, if you do not know about us, then I don't know how you don't. We are the shenanigan raisers here at DEF CON, we have been doing this for 25 years now. (audience cheering and applauding) We typically have teams join from all over the world, Typically people who come and play in our contest actually end up being in these positions. They actually end up being GOONS, speakers and they get really involved with DEF CON, 'cause we force them to do that. You may be remembered for good things, you may not be, that's not my problem. We also had a side project join us this year from the National Upcycled Computing Collective and... What's the... - [Ian] What? - [Judge] Your institute. I'm gonna hand it over to Ian to talk about our little side project that joined us with scavenger hunt this year. - [Ian] Sure thing, the shell on demand appliance, which you saw as a lovely soda machine, hanging out next to the scav hunt table was providing shells to DEF CON attendees anonymously using cash donations. We do have some stats from it that we'd be happy to share with you. We sold 483 virtual machines. Unfortunately based off of the traffic stats off of each virtual machine, only 41 of them were used. Only five of the VMs had their passwords changed, does nobody hack at DEF CON anymore? What is this? But nonetheless, it was a great service and we hope we can bring it back next year. (audience applauding) - [Judge] Thank you guys. - [Audience Members] Who won, who won? - [Kabes] I was gonna try to fill in the blanks of that, see, this is what happens when I'm not with them anymore. They fall into a mess. - [Judge] The winners will actually be announced at closing ceremony. - [Kabes] The big one. - [Judge] The big one. So if you want to hear who won you can join us over there. - Okay, Hacker Runway. I know that the person that ran it is not here, she ended up losing her voice, like me, this is not what I usually sound like. And so she's been running the contest for four years now, and this is one that I've become really attached to. Because one of my favorite things about it is that it's incredibly accessible to people who are just getting started in the CON. Like I did, one of my favorite things when I first got here 15 years ago was playing around in hardware hacking village, learning how to solder. And trying to stick LEDs on all my stuff so that it looks really cool. Which is exactly what you get to do with Hacker Runway, you get to make some stuff, show off your beautiful blinky things, or your actual interactive items. The winners of this contest were actually announced yesterday live on the stage. We had a... I actually don't remember the name of the contestant, 'cause this isn't my contest, but she had an interactive backpack. I don't know if you guys saw her going around the CON, but it was an actual hackable backpack. I definitely encourage you guys to... Maybe look up this contest. Because the biggest regret I've heard this year is that a lot of folks didn't know that this was a project they could be working on all year, and just bring it out at DEF CON and show off your stuff. It was so much fun. We'll figure that out later too. Hack Fortress, is Hack Fortress here? It's okay. Recon Village? Thank you. (audience cheering and applauding) - Hello, good afternoon DEF CON. We are Recon Village, we were hosting the CDF capture the flag event. It was a 38 hour grueling competition where we had about, let me check the stats quickly. I don't remember the numbers. All right, we had about 134 teams all across the globe signing up, with 240 registered users. Being a hybrid system we kept it for everyone to sign up wherever they were. We had teams from India, Japan, France, everywhere across the globe plain. It's basically based on finding information on the internet, reconnaissance and finding information on social media. All those 38 hours teams spent smashing their head against the wall. People came up to me for figuring out who were the creators so that they can grab my neck. Thankfully I had remained discreet. But then we had about... 50 odd teams gathering points. We had three winners, top three winners here. We had the team Alligator Hunters, anyone here from Alligator Hunters? Oh yeah, they are here. - [Kabes] Yay. (audience applauding) Cool, they came in number one. They came in number one with 2760 points. Good job guys. (audience applauding) And also we have cool prizes to give away, if you don't mind, can we do that here? - [Kabes] Yeah, do it. - Perfect. Right, these guys are winners for Microsoft's Office Pro 2. Yeah. Would you like to share your experience? If you don't mind? They got to know me now, they're gonna kick me in the other room out there. (audience member talking indistinctly) Woo hoo. Congrats guys. Perfect. (audience applauding) Cool. The second team was team Pinja, I think we have, yeah, come on on stage. Yeah, awesome. (audience applauding) These guys win a Nintendo Switch. - [Shubrum] Yeah, you have been playing games with us so you win a gaming console. There you go. - Right, unfortunately the third team is not here. They were playing somewhere from France, team Delaware. They are winners of a RGB keyboard that we have, so I think we're gonna ship it to them. All right, yeah, it was pretty fun. It was our sixth year doing this thing, and we'll be back probably next year again and make it a fun event again. I'll hand it over to Shubrum. - [Shubrum] No, I'm good, thank you. Just see you next year, have fun guys. - [GOON] So these guys didn't know this, but DEF CON is throwing in a free pass for the winning team for next year as well. (audience applauding and cheering) - [Kabes] Did someone forget their mask up here? Anyone that came up with a mask that is no longer wearing one? Come. - Apologies, sorry. - [Kabes] All right. Wow, damn I'm short. Red Alert CTF, are you here? Maybe. You had such a sweet setup, and that is one of my biggest regrets about not knowing that I had to put up these slides, is that you guys can't see how awesome it looked. So you have got to come back to my contest room next year and see a lot of the awesome things that were happening. Yay. (audience applauding) - [Red Alert Speaker] Thank you so much. - [Kabes] Thank you. - [Red Alert Speaker] Thank you. Hey guys, we are the Red Alert ICS CTF, we've come from South Korea. We've had a, like she was just saying, we've come with a couple of good toys, nice looking toys. If you've come to the contest area, if you've seen a lot of lights, most of it is us. - [Kabes] It's true. - [Red Alert Speaker] And we had 61 teams, I hope they had a good time. We got our first place winners right here, it will not take much time. The first prize was team XX with 2050 points. The second was Screaming Fist with 1355. And ranked three was Taint with 1255 points. So that's a couple of Korean hats and Korean fans for the first team. Thank you. (Red Alert Speaker chuckling) (audience cheering and applauding) All right, thank you very much. - [Kabes] Thank you guys. Another contest that makes me look good, thank you. Do I have anyone here from America's Next Top Threat Model? No? Maybe. Thank you so much. - [Nass] Hi, I'm Nass, this is DEF CON's Next Top Threat Model. We put together a contest where we built the design and a fake company. And basically had contestants go through the design, and look for threats, and report those back to the dev teams. This is our third year, our first year we were here at DEF CON 27, and it was the threat modeling challenge. I was not very creative with the name, and Grifter pointed that out, hopefully we did a better job this year. We had two winners. We had, sorry. Conjecture. Yeah, so they found a lot of good threats. And one of the best things during our challenge, we actually produced JSON format that we had people provide. And one of his best threats was use of JSON in the threat model is a breach of human rights. This may lead to excessive alcohol consumption, griping and in extreme cases hurling of items to organizers. When I emailed him, he already left, I sent a congratulation email all in JSON. (audience laughing) Yeah. Thank you. (audience applauding) Yeah, thanks very much for everything. We plan to be back here next year. Like I said, third year, the company we put together was Drone Online. It was a company that was in military and warehouse supply chain logistics. They've decided to get into the food delivery space for last mile delivery. What could go wrong with consumers ordering drones, mixed with military drones in a mesh network? Thank you very much. - [Kabes] The Gold Bug, crypt and privacy village puzzle. Do I have have Gold Bug here? Yay. I feel like this is coming together guys, thanks for sticking around. - [Kevin] Hey everybody, I am Kevin with the Gold Bug puzzle. The Gold Bug puzzle is a series of crypto puzzles, not really your modern crypto, but more your stego. Here's a picture, figure out what the hell you're supposed to do with it type puzzles. So this year we had a really good showing, we had 230 teams participate from around the world. We did a hybrid contest this year, of those 230 teams 29 actually scored points. We had 1,573 wrong answers submitted, and 77 correct answers submitted. And if you're interested, there are still two puzzles that remain unsolved. Congratulations to team Psychaholics for taking first place. (audience applauding) By the way, they spent their entire CON doing this, and I think they violated the three hours of sleep rule. (audience applauding) Do y'all wanna talk? - [Winner] No, I'm good. - [Kevin] Thanks everybody. - [Kabes] All right, tinfoil hat contest. Anybody? Hey Crux, you wanna come back up here? Nope. Don't go too far. Aww. Okay, am I going? Yay. What's actually great about these two is that last year, the last time I was faking things till I figured it out, they saved my ass multiple times. So love these guys. - [Tin Foil Hat Organizer] Oh shit, hello everybody. - [Kabes] No pressure. - [Tin Foil Hat Organizer] So yeah, this is our fifth year doing tin foil hat. This started as a total labor of love, it started because we wanted to put a contest in that had zero entry barriers. Depending on your skill level, your physical ability level, your age level, everybody can play. And I see we got some tin foil hats in the audience over here. Let's see. I gotta go back to my Twitter here to check everybody out, but I believe that's Stay Skulls right here, correct? Yep, so that's our first place winner. - [Kabes] Get up here. (audience applauding) Woo. - [Tin Foil Hat Organizer] This was a tough choice, we have winners for, this is a classic tinfoil hat. This is all tinfoil, there's no other elements to this. This one our substance award this attenuated the signal the best. We also had Yoga. Now I gotta look at my Twitter here, but who won the unlimited category. Their hat contained tinfoil and other items for structure and style. And then we also had, oh, I mispronounced that. Yagoth, so Yagoth, are you here anywhere? - [Kabes] He has a plane. - Oh okay, I'll reach out to him on Twitter. And then we also have Melissa Miko, are you here for style category? Our style winner. No. Well, and the style, this was a second place in our style category. Our winner style was this huge, you can check out our Twitter. But it was this huge elaborate Flamingo, with the Flamingo tinfoil hat and braids. It was extravagant. So hopefully we can get you back next year, but congratulations to our winners. And we'll see you again. (audience applauding) - All right Wireless CTF. Anyone wanna come up here and talk about it? No? All right. Moving on. IOT Village. (audience applauding) - [Teo] Thank you. I'm Teo from IOT Village. We had two contests running in our village this year, the first is the IOT CTF, which I think you're all familiar with. We had awesome turnout this year, we had over 100 teams that were competing. This was the biggest CTF that we've ever put on in the IOT Village this year with over 48 challenges. We expanded beyond the typical Soho devices that you've seen at previous DEF CON IOT CTFs. We had things like the emergency alert broadcast systems that you could exploit, and pop a message on our screen. We had BLE, we had glow comm satellite units, so it was an awesome CTF. The top three teams were only separated by a couple of challenges. In third place was Leaked The Hard Way. In second place was Colonel Panic, and in first place was team Emojis. (audience applauding) Congrats. So the second contest that we run, there's a ton of great, talented researchers out there that work on IOT devices, we wanted to recognize some of their work. But also, putting together an IOT CTF is hard, and we just really wanted to crowdsource some of their work to bring it into our CTF. So we came up with the CTF creator's contest, you could submit devices that would become part of the CTF. And we'd grade those devices based on difficulty, and CVSS, and discretionary modifier based on other factors. Such as the rarity of the device, the difficulty of the exploit, and stuff like that. So the winner of that contest Noah, submitted a video doorbell. It had an off bypass that allowed you to trigger a relay that was meant to unlock the electronic deadbolt that's attached to that device. A pretty awesome exploit that would get you into somebody's house. But what really triggered the max on the discretionary multiplier, is something that I think a lot of us researchers can relate to. Is the issues he had when trying to responsibly disclose to the vendor his findings. And the fact that he had to go out and get a lawyer to cover himself when the vendor tried to sue him for responsibly disclosing his findings. That triggered the max multiplier on our score. So congratulations Noah. (audience applauding) And I hope that that doesn't prevent you from responsibly disclosing in the future. So thank you very much. - [Kabes] Why (indistinct) EFF. - [Teo] That's it. - [Kabes] That's just a plug for the EFF. - [Teo] All right, thanks. - [Kabes] Thank you. All right, another crew that I love a whole lot, so I hope they're here. Car Hacking Village CTF. (audience cheering and applauding) - [Presenter] I'm here. Hey, should I unplug now? Okay, if you want. - [Kabes] Here. - [Presenter] All right. It's gonna do something. Do something, it's gonna work. - [Kabes] Do the damn thing. - [Presenter] Do the damn thing. - [Kabes] All right. - [Presenter] Look at this. Always works. It worked, no really? Why didn't that work? Okay, anybody got... There it is, yay, woo, live demos. All right, I've always wanted to do this, so I've got a board that's saying everything I want. That's it, it's rewriting it, so I'm gonna do that. Fuck, fuck, fuck, fuck. Fuck, fuck, fuck, fuck, fuck, fuck. No? Yeah. Fuck, fuck, fuck, fuck, fuck, fuck, fuck, fuck, fuck, fuck, fuck, fuck, fuck, fuck, fuck. Fuck, fuck, fuck, fuck, fuck, fuck, fuck. Fuck. Fuck, fuck, fuck, fuck, fuck, fuck, fuck, fuck, fuck, fuck. I said make me look good dude. Oh. Yeah, all right. I just wanted to see what would happen. It does a real good job, okay. All right, so I'm gonna continue on. Okay, we had a few teams join our CTF. - [Kabes] Just a few. - [Presenter] This year, a little over 92. Yeah, like IOT, we had a ton of teams join us this year, so we're gonna bring up our first place. If you don't mind coming up Zerophon, the GM Cyber Security team joined us. So these gentlemen did a great job, they finally got first, so they're excited. And yeah, so as you can see our teams are really small. They did a great job, they spent the entire time working on a host of challenges that we did. We even made a full virtual 3D car, I think you played. So yeah, come out behind me, I've already given their award. It was some go-karts, some segue go-kart scooters, so they were pretty excited about them. So one of 'em may have been damaged in a car accident, so we apologize. They're pre-used. So thank you very much for joining us, and come check out the village next year. Thank you. (audience applauding) Thank you, thank you. Photo IDs. - [Kabes] It occurred to me after that the design is usually that you come up one side, and down the other. But I forgot to do that. (GOON speaking indistinctly) - [Audience] Eddie, Eddie. - [Kabes] Eddie. (audience applauding) Oh no. Hold please. Wow buddy, no. - [GOON] Perfect. - [Kabes] Oh it's back? Perfect. Wait, no, I can't see it though bud. What is happening? So do I just go? Let's see. Oh, another contest near and dear to my heart. DarkNet. (audience cheering and applauding) This is family guys, I love this. - [DarkNet Organizer] Thank you for the introduction. Hello to all of the doers of DarkNet, of DEF CON. But DarkNet's great too. So DarkNet is many things, we can't really sum it all up in one small little thing. We're an in-person online role playing game, and we're a contest that's accessible to beginners and challenging for experts. We're one of the most prolific badge producers, and a thorn in the contest GOON's side for all of our lives. - [Kabes] That's absolutely not true, are you kidding me? - [DarkNet Organizer] We get 500 people lined up every morning. - [Kabes] Yes, like I said you make me look good. Thank you. - [DarkNet Organizer] We try, we'll do it again next year. And we're a year round community of teaching and learning and fun. - [Older DarkNet Organizer] This is our 11th year and it was another highly successful year for DarkNet. For our homecoming we went back to basics, teaching circuit design and expanding badge life to a record 1300 new unique designs. (audience applauding) We had over 200 players in our online CTF. - [DarkNet Organizer] Standings will come out at closing. First, thank you to all the dark net operatives who made this happen, it's definitely a labor of love throughout the year. And many thousands of dollars in circuit components that we put together to produce all of those badges. Thank you to the contest GOONS for giving us the opportunity to put 500 people in line in the morning, and helping us manage all of that. And thank you to all of our fellow contests for your patience as we flood the contest area. And finally, and last but not least, thank you to all of our players, you are absolutely the reason we are here. And we look forward to doing more of this for another 10 years. Thank you. (audience applauding) - [Kabes] All right. Do I have EFF Tech Trivia around? Hey. (audience applauding) - [Cyber Tiger] How's it going, everyone? I'm the Cyber Tiger from EFF Tech Trivia. How many of y'all are familiar with EFF? (audience cheering) Awesome, if any of you are not, we are a nonprofit at the defense of digital civil liberties, your rights online and hackers at DEF CON. And we've been doing it since about one year before DEF CON started. We've been around for 31 years now, and we love the CON and we come every year. EFF Tech Trivia this year, we ran and had 15 teams all participating in what somebody called hacker jeopardy for kindergartners. We had 15 wonderful teams and I have the winners here. One second. The third place team was the defending champions Ballads As A Service. - [Audience] Woo. - Also the runners of the beverage cooling contest. They were a little too drunk to win. The second team, EFF The System, and the first place team Flord Landia. So thanks to everybody who played, it's a lot of fun. And it's a way for us to give back to the DEF CON community, which does so much to support EFF. Thank you all. Come check it out again next year, we wanna make it bigger and bigger. We wanna be bigger than Hacker Jeopardy. (audience member booing) - [Kabes] Damn, that was like you're gonna throw down with them now. Sounds intense. All right. Last but not least. We have Command Control. No? All right. That works for me because it's very important. Oh yes. - [Evil Mog] We have a winner for DEF CON MUD. - [Kabes] What? - [Evil Mog] DEF CON MUD actually has winner. - [Kabes] Oh, okay, come on up. - [Evil Mog] All right, so of course Grifter forgot us, but that's all right. Everyone forgets who we are. For those who don't know I'm Evil Mog, we run the DEF CON MUD. We partnered with (indistinct) with Snacky the vending machine. Oh yeah, I'm not Command and Control, I am Evil Mog. - [Kabes] A completely different thing that did not get a slide. - [Evil Mog] Yeah, sorry, there's no slides because we're not that cool, sorry. Anyway, so here had a chance to go play with Snacky the vending machine? (audience cheering) Excellent. We combined in with the DEF CON MUD, and we ran a whole F load of challenges. You had to hack a raspberry pie that was in there, we were dispensing badges. Now, there's a little bug in the game in that people couldn't actually win some of challenges, unless they cheated and hacked the game. The DEF CON MUD had crippling bugs, it was fantastic. But we do actually have a winner, so one team, we told people we didn't but we do now. Chargen, are you here, Jonathan? Come on up. (audience cheering) These guys completed every single challenge on Snacky, and the MUD, and took over the admin, and found fire disclosure plugs and everything else. It was absolutely beautiful, so they definitely did a wicked job. They must have spent easily two full days in the contest area. Say hi, (indistinct). - [MUD Winner] We met the (indistinct) guys at about three in the morning at DEF CON 27, and bonded over a mutual love of Matt Damon. And ever since then we've been following them, and we knew, we heard, we'd get a picture taken with them if we won this. So we devoted our entire conference to winning, which we did. Waiting for that picture. - [Kabe] All right, very much in the spirit of fuck it, we're doing it live. There are several slides I don't have, I'm just going to be bringing up more contests that have winners to announce. Bear with me a second. - [PTFS Presents Speaker] Good afternoon everyone. We are PTFS Presents Mayhem Industries, PTFS is a CTF team. We decided after a couple years of doing quite well, let's say, that we wanted to run something. Can we get our winning representative or our winning teams up here? If you all were in contests, and you saw the oil rig flashing away, or maybe something flashing under a sheet, that was us. We had over 80 teams with points on the board by the end of the weekend, very exciting. And a lot of people starting things out. The top three teams. Do we have a representative of team Auto Fill here? Can we have Auto Fill come up please? In third place team Auto Fill. Congratulations. - [Team Auto Fill] Thank you. - [PTFS Presents Speaker] Giving you a set of bumper keys here. (audience applauding) Second place team Oil Rig, come on up please. We've got a fresh set of tubular lock picks for you. Now, during the course of our competition, people got a chance to hack an oil rig, open an alien vault and discover what was inside. In this case, this wonderful alien artifact here, and this is going home with our first place winner Elbin Wifi. Congratulations. (audience applauding) Welcome. Thank you so much. I hope we'll be back here next year. (audience applauding) - [Man In Black] Thank you for coming, we're the Red Team CTF. We just wanna say thank you for all the players that we had playing this year, we had over 200 teams playing. One of my favorite parts here is just you get to meet all of the different players, helping them through the challenges. And that's, I think, why we do it, we just love building the relationships. Meeting all the players and all the hard work that they do. With that, there is a lot of great competition this year, we saw a lot of movement on the board. We'll talk a little bit about the players here in a second, but we had 85 challenges spread out over two days. And there was just a lot of teams working hard on 'em each and every day. So it was really great to see that. We had roughly over 10,000 flag submissions, so a lot of competition, a lot of things going on, it was great to see everything. And with that, I'm Alf Researcher, and I'll turn over to (indistinct). - [Red Team Organizer] Hey, I'm (indistinct). I just wanna introduce the top three teams, they're coming up right now. Third place, we have international players, they came all the way down here, they focused. We did in-person only this year, and they were down in the contest area. So CTF Singapore, third place. (audience cheering and applauding) Then in second place we had the Poner Puff Girls. (audience applauding) I believe you're from all over, right? - [Kabes] From planet Earth. - [Red Team Organizer] Planet Earth. We were very fortunate to have over $70,000 in prizes, we split that up amongst the top 10 teams. And taking home gold for the Red Team CTF, all the way from Norway is team EPT. (audience applauding and cheering) And as they're coming up, I just wanna say thank you to DEF CON organizers for having us here, this is our third year. It's great, every experience that we have. Thank you for the GOONS, they ensured that our contest was very smooth. We had no issues, thank you so much. And last but not least, thanks to all the players, they keep us motivated to work on the challenges throughout the year. And put in all this effort, because it's just great to hang out. This is the meeting place every year. Thank you. (audience applauding) - [Kabes] All right, I think I'm forgetting someone else, right? - [Dave] Hey DEF CON. Dave here, we've been running the maritime hacking CTF, so it's SEATF, which works better when there's a slide. But it's an opportunity for teams to come in and hack real maritime equipment. We brought about half a million dollars worth of equipment for folks to hack on. Most people don't get to attack a ship, so we had all the bridge equipment, propulsion and steering systems and Bala systems running the actual OT protocols. Had 22, 23 teams, hold on, I actually took notes, give me a second. We had 22 teams participating, they captured 186 flags throughout the weekend. And spent a total of 1,871 minutes actually connected to the hardware. And so the first place team, if they would come on up, it is the emoji team Ship Wolf, Fire, Fire, Fire. And woo. (audience applauding) So this team actually spent the entire CON sitting in our spaces over in the ICS village. It was a great opportunity and a lot of fun here, and you want to give 'em a good round of applause. And thank you for letting us run this great competition. (audience applauding) - [Trace Labs Presenter] Sorry about that. I was complimenting someone wearing our merch, 'cause it's really is all about me. We are Trace Labs, we were here for our fifth year, running our search party CTF. This is a CTF that gamifies the collection of open source intelligence around actual missing persons cases. The end result is that data being turned back over to law enforcement, hopefully aiding in the investigation of that missing person. We made some really big changes to our contest right before DEF CON, because that makes sense. It went great, the quality of the intel submitted was better than any CTF we've ever run. We saw 650 contestants... Form 250 teams. Investigating eight real missing persons cases, submitting almost 4,000 pieces of intelligence. Just a mind blowing experience. We found missing persons that were no longer missing, hopefully law enforcement will be able to take those missing people off their books. Really just a great experience. (audience applauding) Yes. We have an amazing community, personally, to me, the points of the winners are secondary to the mission, but it is a CTF. So someone is going to win, Alex who won? - [Alex] Yeah, so we have winners based on point values, and then our highest winner is the one that submits the most valuable (indistinct), so the most valuable piece of intelligence. So in our third place, we had People of Osin Land. Second place, we had B Berlin. First place we had the FSBs. For our MVO, we had received a photo taken of the missing person stating they had been found safe. So while many contestants had found this flag, they had articulated the flag and had cross-referenced it to validate the source of truth. And with this, this is the type of significant advancement to the timeline, and the type of submission and results that align heavily with our mission. Our winning team was OX (indistinct) squad. (audience applauding) - [Kabes] All right, thank you. - All right, so I feel like I have to introduce this crew. They came here... Not really knowing where they were gonna land, because like this, making it up as we go. And by the time we got them set up, even though they didn't have a sign, even though initially they didn't have a projector. Very, very... Big crowd draw, because they've been working on this stuff all year. You know what? I'm just gonna let them tell you. - [Atomic Security Team] What's up DEF CON? We're Atomic Security Team, this is our first time running an open CTF at DEF CON the contest area. Like Kabes said, we wanna give her a awesome shout out, 'cause she's been super helpful this whole time. We showed up with nothing, we started on the ground, and then as the time progressed we got a table, and then we got a projector and then we got a screen. It was awesome. - [Kabes] Next year you can have a sign. - [Atomic Security Team] Next year we might have a sign she says, it'll be artistic. So we ran a jeopardy-style CTF with 16 challenges. We had different types of challenges, we had web challenges, we had crypto challenges, we had programming challenges and backend server challenges. We gave away around 200 PCB challenge coins, we had 60 shirts giveaway. We were about to give hundreds of dollars away at Amazon gift cards to the top 10 streams. And I'll let Jiva here announce the stats. - [Jiva] Hey everybody, just a few stats, we had 200 flags captured across 42 teams. The first place winner was Huber, they solved almost all the challenges except for one. In second place was Coco. And third place was Buzz. We wanna give a special shout out to the fourth place contestant, Percent S. This person was a single player high schooler that dominated for most, the majority of the competition. So shout outs to wherever you are. (audience applauding) The final leaderboard is available at ctf.atomic.financial. The top three teams, wherever you are, please meet us over there somewhere, we'll give you some hats, shirts. Thank you to the GOONS, thank you to Kabes once again for hooking us up. Thank you DEF CON, hopefully we'll be here next year, see ya. - [Presenter] The tele challenge is one of the hardest contests at DEF CON. People spend their entire DEF CON to play, and I'm very, very proud of Fox Box Dialing Services who won the tele challenge this year. (audience applauding) Come on up on stage guys, These guys gave up 1,489 minutes. To become the winners of the tele challenge this year. We spend pretty much all year building it, and part of the puzzle is learning that you're in a puzzle. We showed up as Red Sea Cruises this year, so you may have won a free cruise flyer, that was us. That's actually a sequel of our 2018 game, where we also showed up as Red Sea Cruises. just a couple of stats. 3,940 calls came into our systems across the 20 registered teams that played, with 294 unique callers. Total time spent on hold was 955 minutes, and one person sat on hold for 90 minutes. There were 4,402 attacks on voicemail boxes, and we built a casino inside the game, if you played. The total Telecoin casino slot machine polls were 6,163. Red box, red box, red box. We'd like to invite everybody to look for us next year. Keep in mind, We never show up as the tele challenge, we show up as something else. You need to be prepared to play, and you must play in a team if you wanna win. So I'm so proud of Fox Box Dialing Services, they've been trying to play and win for five years, and this year they finally got it. Congratulations. (audience applauding) - All right, we are Crash Compile, which is we create programming challenges, make you do them live on stage while we try to feed you a lot of beer and try to distract you in any other way possible. We had 70 teams register to do qualifications, and then we did the top nine teams on the main contest floor. If you were there last night there was a lot of chaos. For the first time ever every team competing, both scored points and scored points on the final challenge. Which means despite all the beers, all of the distraction, all of the chaos, every team was still there and competing until the end. For our final problem this year teams were competing with each other in a multiplayer arena. They had to write a program that could explore, take over and maintain their stake of the arena for the entire duration of the competition. Team Jam was our winner this year with 406 points, and took home the custom fabricated Crash Compile trophy, our giant metal D10 covered in programming language from Crash Compile history. Second place with 368 Pro Game Moves, and third place at 258 was Advanced Persistence Sweats. (audience applauding) - All right, before they start playing the music that... Oh man, I have fucked it up again. - [Jeff] The last one, I promise. - [Kabes] It's okay, I'll drink later. I'll do it, I promise. - Hey guys, my name is Jeff, I go by the handle Morph here. If anyone is in the room who is competing in the king of the hill challenge for Tamper Evident, can you start making your way up to the stage please? You, you, yep. Any of my guys come on up here. So Tamper Evident, I'm gonna try to keep this quick. Tamper Evident is right next to lock picking, we tamper seals. This is what a seal looks like. These guys have been competing in five separate categories over the course of the weekend to open these seals that are locked... In a one way manner, right? They're not supposed to be unlocked, there is no picking here, this is a one way seal. These guys have been devising defeats through the entire weekend, cutting each other down second by second, trying to get to the fastest possible open without leaving any detectable trace. Guys, start making your way up here. We have five different categories of entry, these different categories were a red and black little zip seal. We have a yellow padlock seal, we have a red zip tie, which looks a little bit like this. And we had a white plunger. And of these different categories these guys started by opening them in a couple minutes, right? People were bleeding all over the seals, not quite evident, you might say. - [Kabes] Safety third is so important. - So by the end of it some of these guys were opening these seals in less than 20 seconds, at speed. Leaving absolutely no trace left behind, with homemade tools macgyvered at the competition. So to announce our winners L. E. Aser opening the red and black seal in 12.97 seconds. Zebb, if you're out there or up here, opening the yellow padlock at a 9.5, damn near perfect open. Let's go with Cardinal, if you're here. Right here. One of our number one guys, beating down everyone you see here in every category slowly, at a 23 second open on this particular seal. And finally Ian, with a white plunger open, again, these things are used to lock weapons in the military. They're used to do your meters at home for electricity and water, that type of thing. These guys were able to open these in seconds with homemade tools, and do so in a way that leaves no trace whatsoever. Guys, thank you so much for competing at Temper Evident, shout out. And lastly, we also allegedly were maybe the guys involved with the counterfeit badge contest. So that you might have seen some of these floating around, there's also a few out there right now. Shout out to Cookie Fairy with a near perfect replica of a HUMAN badge. Shout out to the CJer for a perfect replica of a GOON badge. Good job getting into the knock, impressive. (audience applauding) Yeah, that's Tampa Evident village for you guys. Thank you very much, and congratulations to our winners. Thank you. (audience applauding) - [Kabes] All right, I think I got it right this time. I think that covers all of the contests and events that... Well, they put on great contests. Sorry, really stressing here. But something that I really wanted to say, even though I know I have to wrap up here is my reminder every year, if there was a contest that you didn't see, that's a place for you to become a part of this community. Everyone here wanted to create something new, so they made it happen. I don't have contests and events without you guys. For every time a contest thanks me, I'm just doing my job, sometimes not even that well. But thank you so much everybody. I don't know, go enjoy the rest of your DEF CON. I hear there's another closing ceremony, I don't know, this is the good one, right? (audience applauding) | DEFCONConference | UC6Om9kAkl32dWlDSNlDS9Iw | 2022-10-20 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 7,904 | 43,049 |
aTlsStWVBLU | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aTlsStWVBLU | Cellular Respiration | Have you ever wondered why you need to breathe oxygen? And I know you probably just thought to yourself, "Yeah we need it to live". Yeah, but why? Well it turns out that oxygen is incredibly important for the way your body produces energy, which is a process called cellular respiration. And that's what we're going to talk about today. So stay tuned! Hi and thanks for tuning in. Today we're talking about cellular respiration. Cellular respiration is the way that organisms like you and I produce our energy. It's a process that involves several different enzymatic reactions that all work together to produce the end product of adenosine triphosphate or ATP. It's an incredibly complex process with lots of different enzymatic steps and lots of intermediates. Now rest assured we are not going to go through this in super fine detail. The overall goal of this particular video is to give you an overview of the different enzymatic processes that are involved in cellular respiration and how those connect in order to produce energy. But before we start talking about those enzymatic processes, I need to talk to you about a specific type of chemical reaction, and that particular chemical reaction is what's known as an oxidation reduction reaction, which is also known as a redox reaction. Redox reactions are a particular type of enzymatic reaction that involves the exchanging of electrons between compounds. So how do redox reactions work? Well redox reactions work because of enzymes called oxidoreductases. And what oxidoreductases do is they are going to remove electrons from a specific compound or atom and then give them to another compound or atom. But where do the names oxidation and reduction come from well? Oxidation and reduction in redox reactions as a whole require pairs they require an electron donor and an electron acceptor. And in terms of biochemical terminology, the substance that is losing its electrons is being oxidized. That's the oxidation step. Oxidation is the removing of electrons from an atom or a compound. On the other hand, the substance that gains those electrons, an atom or a compound that is gaining those electrons, is being reduced. So there's a couple nice little mnemonics you can use to remember that. The first one is OIL RIG - oxidation is losing, reduction is gaining. So what are you losing or gaining? Well if you're using an analogy for a redox reduction, well then you are losing or gaining electrons. Oxidation is losing electrons - OIL, reduction is gaining electrons RIG - OIL RIG. Another way to remember is LEO says GER. Losing electrons -oxidation, gaining electrons - reduction. Doesn't matter to me which one of those mnemonics you want to pick, but I recommend you pick one and stick with it. But where do the names oxidation and reduction actually come from? Well reduction comes from the fact that what you're going to be gaining if you're being reduced as a substance is electrons, and electrons have a negative charge. So what happens to your overall charge as a substance? It goes down, it gets reduced, it gets more negative. So hence the term reduction. What are you reducing? The charge on that particular electron acceptor. Oxidation gets its name from the fact that on planet Earth one of the most common things stealing electrons from something is oxygen. So the thing it steals electrons from is being oxidized. Is oxygen the only oxidizing agent on the planet? Absolutely not, but it is a very common one. For example if you look at rust on a bumper, that is the oxidation of iron by the oxygen in the atmosphere. That iron is losing electrons. It's being oxidized. So how does this play a role in biological systems and why am I talking about this exchanging of electrons in terms of metabolism? Well it's simple, when electrons are taken from a less electronegative atom and given to a more electronegative atom that is actually going to be exergonic. That is going to be a reaction that releases energy. So for example, if you take electrons from a moderately electronegative atom like carbon or hydrogen and give them to a very electronegative atom like oxygen, a lot of energy gets released. In fact that's, what we typically call combustion. So if you take a hydrocarbon like methane or or propane and you ignite it, what's actually happening is the electrons are being ripped away from the carbon in the in the hydrogen atoms and given to the oxygen atoms in the atmosphere. Now if you're a living system that's not great, right? You don't want to spontaneously burst into flames. So what living systems do is they remove electrons and they sort of gradually take the energy away from those electrons by giving them to other substances. So rather than going right from carbon or hydrogen to oxygen they go to a series of different molecules and each one of those exchanges releases a little bit of energy at a time. So how is that going to happen in a biological system? Well what we're going to use in a biological system are what we call electron carriers and the two most common electron carriers that we're going to encounter in today's conversation with the relevance to cellular respiration are going to be nicotine adenine dinucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide NAD+ and FAD. So what do these guys do? Well they can participate in redox reactions. So what you're observing right now is NAD+ and FAD. This is their oxidized form, but they can be reduced by taking on pairs of electrons. So what happens with NAD+? It takes on two electrons and a proton when it reacts, so it ends up being NADH. FAD on the other hand takes on two electrons and two protons when it gets reduced and that becomes FADH2. Now they're electron carriers. Where are they carrying them? Well what you'll see, and for reasons that will become more obvious towards the end of this video, they're going to take them to the electron transport chain where they are going to be oxidized. In other words these electrons are going to be stolen from them by the electron transport chain complexes turning them back into their oxidized state, NAD+ and FAD, and at that point they will go back into the cell and participate in more redox reactions - being reduced and so on and so forth. So they just oscillate between this oxidized and reduced state and carry electrons from the chemical reactions of things like glycolysis and the citric acid cycle and taking them into the electron transport chain, and then going back. So why do we do this in the first place? Well it turns out that most of the molecules that we take in, most of those biomolecules, things like glucose and fatty acids and proteins, are packed full of a lot of chemical energy. They contain a lot of chemical bonds. As we've talked about in a previous video, chemical bonds represent a form of potential energy called chemical energy. And what we can do is we can harvest those electrons from those molecules and use those electrons as a form of energy to produce ATP. And remember that's the end game. ATP is the the energy currency of life and what we're talking about with cellular respiration is we're talking about a way where chemoheterotrophs can break down their food. They literally oxidize their food. Rip away those electrons and use those electrons to synthesize the endergonic biosynthesis of ATP. So in order to understand cellular respiration, we have to understand the the interrelatedness between four different enzymatic pathways that all work together to oxidize our food. And those four enzymatic pathways are called: glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, the citric acid cycle, which goes by like three other names - we'll talk about in just a minute, and the electron transport chain coupled to ATP synthase. What we'll do in a few minutes is we'll go through each of these different processes talk about how they work, how they contribute to the cellular respiration pathway, and their unique products. So again what we're going to see in this process of cellular respiration is we are going to see a series of catabolic reactions, which are largely exergonic reactions, which are going to release energy, and the goal of this is to release enough energy to produce and perform the endergonic reaction of phosphorylation. We want to be able to phosphorylate ADP and turn it into ATP, which can then be coupled with other endergonic processes within the cell and be used to power those endergonic reactions. So phosphorylation can be done in two ways in cells. The first way is what we call substrate level phosphorylation. So substrate level phosphorylation is simply the taking of a phosphate group off of one molecule and enzymatically placing it on another molecule. Substrate level phosphorylation is going to occur both in glycolysis as well as the citric acid cycle. And then the other type of phosphorylation occurs through a process called oxidative phosphorylation, and oxidative phosphorylation is going to involve electron transport and chemiosmosis. So chemosmosis is going to be the dissipation of an electrochemical gradient to power the phosphorylation of ADP with an inorganic phosphate and this is going to happen downstream of electron transport. So we'll talk about all these processes, but remember the two types of phosphorylation: substrate level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation. So we'll start our conversation about cellular respiration with glycolysis. So glycolysis literally means "sugar breaking". So glycolysis is the first step inside of cellular respiration. Now the thing I want to point out is this: everything that we take in is going to enter through this into the cellular respiration process at some point, but only carbohydrates really go through the entire process. So when we talk about cellular respiration we almost exclusively talk about it from the perspective of glucose, and there are lots of reasons for this. First off glucose is one of the most abundant energy sources on the planet. Almost anything can eat glucose and break it down because glycolysis is one of the most ancient and conserved ways of producing energy. The other big thing is that glucose goes through every enzymatic step in the process. Something like fatty acids for example, they can be broken down and they can enter into the cellular respiration process. They have to be in order to yield energy for you to produce ATP, but they don't start at the beginning. We'll see later on they get injected kind of in the middle of the process. Glucose goes through the entire process, okay, so we're going to start with a molecule of glucose. We'll talk about the products with respect to a single molecule of glucose entering into the process. So we're going to do a little bit of bookkeeping and that's kind of the tricky part when it comes to metabolism is keeping track of exactly what goes on. One of the things that we're going to want to keep track of is the carbons. So glucose remember is a C6 molecule. It's a six carbon molecule. We're going to keep track of where those carbons go. So let's talk about glycolysis. Glycolysis is a 10-step enzymatic process that begins with a single molecule of glucose, and that enzymatic process is broken down into two phases: an energy investment phase and an energy production phase. So let's talk about how this process works. Well if we're starting with a single glucose molecule, remember that glucose has six carbons, it's going to enter into the first step of the process and the first thing that's going to happen is through the consumption of a single ATP. That glucose molecule is going to have a phosphate group added to it. So we're going to consume an ATP. We're going to add a phosphate to glucose to yield something called glucose-6-phosphate. Glucose-6-phosphate then gets isomerized to produce fructose-6-phosphate. Remember fructose and glucose are just isomers, the same chemical formula, different chemical structure. We then add another phosphate at the expense of another ATP to produce fructose-1,6-bisphosphate. From there, the fructose-1,6-bisphosphate is going to be broken in half. So we're going to cut it in half and we're going to end up eventually yielding two molecules of a three carbon compound called glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. So what we've done is we've taken a single six carbon molecule, we have added two phosphates, we've consumed two ATPs to accomplish that task, and then broken that single six-carbon molecule into two three-carbon molecules called glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. So let's look at where we are. We're halfway through the process. We're halfway through glycolysis at this point and lo and behold, in a process that we're hoping to produce energy, we are now negative two ATP. That's right! We're two ATP in the hole! So you may have heard the old saying: you need to spend money to make money. Cells believe in this too. Sometimes you have to spend energy to make energy. The other thing we have to recognize is this: keep track of your carbons. Do we still have six carbons? Yes we do. Are they contained in the single six carbon molecule anymore? No, they are not because that single six-carbon glucose is now two molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. So how does the energy production phase work? Well remember we start with two molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. So what happens to each of them? Well each molecule of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is going to have a phosphate added to it. I know you're thinking, "Oh great! We're spending more ATP". No we're not because this time we're going to attach an inorganic phosphate. We're not going to rip it off of an ATP molecule, instead we are going to power this particular enzymatic reaction by releasing electrons. Remember those redox reactions we talked about, right? If we can take an electron from one molecule and give it to another, that's going to release a little bit of energy and that's what happens here. A phosphate is added to each of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphates to produce something called 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate and so now you have two molecules of that. The other thing is those electrons have to go somewhere right? We can't just release them into the cell and be like, good luck with that! No they have to go to something and they're going to go to one of our electron carriers. In this particular case each of those G3Ps is going to give up two electrons and give it to an NAD+. The end result then of this step is to not only phosphorylate both of those glyceraldehyde-3-phosphates. We are also going to produce two molecules of NADH. Now what I want you to remember about NADH, the way you should be thinking about it that it's just simply electrons. Where are those electrons gonna go? Well NADH will eventually carry these guys to the electron transport chain and then return to participate in more redox reactions. Now what happens to finish off the energy production phase of glycolysis? Well each of these 1,3-bisphosphoglycerates is going to go through another series of enzymatic reactions. Each of these 1,3-bisphosphoglycerates in the end will yield two molecules of ATP through a process called substrate-level phosphorylation. In other words those phosphates that each have two now will be given to ADP to yield ATP. Now the thing to realize is this: because each of those 1,3-bisphosphoglycerates ends up producing 2 ATP, that is a net production of 4 ATP from the energy production phase. But we have to do a little bit of bookkeeping. Remember that to get to this point we had to invest two ATP up front, right, in the energy investment phase. So if we produce four in the energy investment phase, we have to subtract the two we used to kick-start the whole process. In the end are we ahead? Yes. So we've produced two NADH in that initial step of the energy production phase. We've also produced a net of two AGTP as a result of what we did in the energy production phase. But the other thing we have to realize is we still have all those carbons around. At any point did we release any carbons in this reaction? And the answer is no. And the way to know that is this: carbon only leaves your body in one form. It leaves in the form of carbon dioxide. So if we haven't produced any molecules of carbon dioxide, we have not released any of our carbons yet. That will come later. The remaining two three-carbon molecules that are left are known as pyruvate. And pyruvate still has lots of chemical bonds and lots of electrons and can undergo further oxidation to produce yet more energy. So where do we go next? Well everything that I just discussed in terms of glycolysis is going to occur in the cytoplasm, and it's going to occur in the cytoplasm whether it's a prokaryotic cell like a bacterium or a eukaryotic cell like one from our bodies. But this is where things diverge if you are a eukaryote. Everything else I'm about to describe to you is going to take place in your mitochondria. If you are a prokaryote, but you're not, but if you were it would take place still in your cytoplasm. Why? Because you don't have mitochondria because you're a prokaryote and you don't have membrane-bound organelles. So just remember that the next step in the process is this: pyruvate is going to be loaded into the mitochondria and it's going to undergo a process called pyruvate oxidation. So again as oxidation should be telling you, if we're oxidizing it we're going to be taking away some of its electrons. So pyruvate oxidation occurs through a multi-enzyme complex called pyruvate dehydrogenase and what ends up happening is that for each molecule of pyruvate, remember pyruvate is a three-carbon molecule that goes in, we are going to remove one of their carbons. So we're going to convert that three-carbon pyruvate into a two-carbon molecule. Where does that carbon go? Well it gets released as carbon dioxide. We are also, in the process, going to take away two more two electrons from each of these molecules of pyruvate, which is going to be given to NAD+ to yield another molecule ofNADH per pyruvate, and then we're going to attach a molecule called coenzyme A to the end of each of those two-carbon molecules. The end result remember per glucose, two pyruvates went in, which means we're going to produce two carbon dioxides, two NADHs for each glucose molecule because we brought in two pyruvates and the end result is the production of two two-carbon molecules called acetyl-CoA. And acetyl-CoA is actually the molecule that's going to move on to the next enzymatic process. So the end result of pyruvate oxidation, per molecule of glucose, is two carbon dioxides, and two molecules of Acetyl-CoA, and two molecules of NADH. And again, what do we remember about NADH? NADH are simply electrons. Those are going to go to the electron transport chain, which we'll get to in a minute. What about CO2? That gets exhaled. That's a waste product of cellular respiration. But because we've only produced two CO2, we've only given up two of glucose's original six carbons. We still have four left and that's contained within those two molecules of acetyl-CoA. Now the next step in the process goes by many different names and this is going to occur again in the matrix of the mitochondria. This is what is known in some cases as the citric acid cycle. It's also known as the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Also known as the TCA cycle. And also known as the Krebs cycle. These are all different names for the exact same process. So if I say Krebs or citric acid or TCA or tricarboxylic acid cycle, I am talking about the exact same set of chemical reactions. Now the citric acid cycle is the final step in oxidizing our glucose molecule, our formerly glucose molecule, which is now in the form of acetyl-CoA. So what's going to happen is it's going to go through a series of enzymatic steps, there are actually eight this time, and it regenerates the initial four-carbon molecule that's needed to kick-start the process called oxaloacetate. Again I'm not going to get bogged down in the details of this, but what you need to know is this: as the acetyl-CoAs, remember two were going in from the original glucose, as they go through, each one of those is going to have their carbon stripped away. So each molecule of acetyl-CoA is going to produce two carbon dioxides for a net total of four. They're also going to have the remainder of their electrons stripped away. So three pairs of electrons per acetyl-CoA are going to be donated to three molecules of NAD+ to yield NADH, which means there's gonna be six NADH produced per glucose that enters in. There's also going to be a molecule of FADH2 produced per acetyl-CoA, which means a net total of two FADH2s are produced per molecule of glucose that entered into the process and through substrate level phosphorylation. We're also going to produce one molecule of ATP or GTP depending on the cell type per acetyl-CoA, which is a net gain of 2 ATP or 2 GTP per molecule of glucose that entered into the process. The end result is all of the carbon that has entered into this process at the beginning of glycolysis has now been stripped away. How do you know this? Well, we've lost the remaining four carbons by producing four carbon dioxides, which will just be off-gassed. We've also produced a lot of NADH and two molecules of FADH2. We produced six more NADH - electrons - two FADH2 - still more electrons, and all of those are going to go to the electron transport chain. And what we're left with is the remaining ATP or GTP depending on the cell type, and that is again what we were trying to accomplish. We've produced energy, we've produced energy currency, again through substrate level phosphorylation. But one of the things I want you to notice is this: in all of this process, assuming that everything got converted into ATP and not GTP in this particular cell, through all of that oxidation and all of these enzymatic steps, we have only produced a grand total of four ATP from that molecule of glucose that went in. That is relatively inefficient and that's the thing about substrate level phosphorylation, it's not particularly efficient, it's not a great way of producing ATP. Does it work? Sure. Can it keep small simple cells alive? Absolutely. Can it keep you and I alive? And the answer actually is no. In order to produce enough ATP to survive, we have to do something called oxidative phosphorylation, which is significantly more energy efficient. But how does this work? Well the answer to this are all of those electrons that we've stripped away by oxidizing the original glucose molecule or whatever food molecule it was that entered into the process. So how does this work? Well we're gonna have to talk a little bit about transport and a little bit about redox reactions. Remember all of that NADH and all those in that FADH2 that we produced during these processes? Well those are electron carriers and they have been carrying those electrons to something called the electron transport chain. Now the electron transport chain is a series of multi-protein complexes that reside in either the inner mitochondrial membrane of eukaryotes or the plasma membrane of respiring prokaryotes, and there are four major electron transport chain complexes. They have very long fancy names, but to make everybody's life easier we call them complex one, complex two, complex three, and you guessed it, complex four. What's going to happen is the electrons are going to be brought to these electron transport chain complexes. They will then be shuffled through a series of intermediates and in the process, the energy that's released by exchanging these electrons will be used to produce an electrochemical gradient. So here's how this works: the two complexes that receive electrons are complexes one and two. If the electron donor is NADH, NADH interacts specifically with complex one, and what happens is NADH arrives at complex one, it gets oxidized (i.e gives up its electrons) to reduce complex one. The energy that's released in exchanging these electrons is enough energy to actually pump some protons, which are abbreviated H+ across the membrane on the other side to build a gradient. Remember that will be an endergonic process, right, if you're building a gradient. That is going to be active transport. Where does the energy come from? Well in this case it's coming from a redox reaction. Basically, the oxidation of NADH to NAD+. If you are FADH2, your electrons will be donated to complex two. Okay, now here's the thing about complex two. Complex two is a peripheral membrane protein. It doesn't actually go across the membrane. What that means is complex 2 cannot pump protons. It cannot do any sort of active transport. It still accepts those electrons. Now regardless of whether or not those electrons were entered in through complex 1 or complex 2, those electrons' next step is to be given to a molecule called ubiquinone, which is abbreviated Q. That reduction of ubiquinone to ubiquinol is an oxidation reduction reaction. So that reduced molecule of Q or ubiquinol, will then deliver those electrons via that particular biological membrane to complex three. At complex three, ubiquinol will be oxidized back into ubiquinone, and complex 3 will have been reduced. Those electrons from complex 3, once they exchange that little bit of energy that's released, is enough to pump more protons across that particular biological membrane. So you can see we're continuing to build that proton gradient. More protons cross the membrane there and then those those electrons are then given to another molecule, another carrier called cytochrome c. Cytochrome c then delivers those electrons to complex four where it is oxidized. Complex 4 is reduced and that exchange of electrons is enough to pump yet more protons across that biological membrane, whether it's the inner mitochondria membrane or the cell membrane. Now the thing is this: every time those electrons have been given to another electron acceptor or electron carrier, whether it's cytochrome c or one of the electron transport chain complexes or NAD+ or FAD, every time that happens a little bit of energy is released. A little bit of energy is released and eventually there isn't enough energy left in those electrons or there's not enough energy released by performing another redox reaction with those electrons to actually power any more active transport. Essentially those electrons contain no more energy, okay? So they can't just sit in your body. They have to be eliminated. So we have to give them to a final or a terminal electron acceptor. We have to give them to something to get them out of your body, to get them out of the cell, before they can harm things because electrons are actually kind of toxic. We don't really want them around because it produces things called free radicals. That's why antioxidants are such a big deal because free radicals can actually damage your cells. So we have to give them to something. But complex four, as it turns out, in many living things can only give those electrons to one particular molecule, and it turns out for all of all of life including us that considers themselves to be aerobic, the thing that complex 4 can give its electrons to is oxygen. That's it. That's why we breathe oxygen. Because oxygen is our terminal electron acceptor. The only place that complex four in your body and the body of in the cells of aerobic organisms can give its electrons to get rid of it as a waste product is to oxygen. So what happens? Complex 4 gives those electrons to oxygen. That converts it into water, which is the other waste product of cellular respiration. We released CO2 and we released water. That's it. That's why you breathe oxygen. That's the big secret. If you don't breathe oxygen, you can't get rid of your electrons, and the whole process backs up, and you can't produce ATP anymore. That's why you breathe oxygen, as crazy as that seems, it's your terminal electron acceptor. But we're not done because we still haven't actually produced any ATP and this is where we go back to our conversation about potential energy. The energy contained by the energy released by exchanging those electrons through stepwise redox reactions was used to produce a proton gradient. On one side of that biological membrane, whether it's the inner mitochondrial membrane or the cell membrane, are a lot of protons. Lots and lots of protons. On the other side of it are way fewer protons. In other words, we now have an electrochemical gradient. It's electrochemical because protons are charged, they have a positive charge. What we call an inwardly rectifying electrochemical gradient. Those protons want to get back into the cell. But remember they can't cross the biological membrane. They can't because they're charged and only small hydrophobic things can make it across. A charged thing is hydrophilic. So how do they get back in and how can we use that to make that energy? That's where chemiosmosis comes in. There's one protein inside of that biological membrane that will allow those protons to come back in. It's a transporter called ATP synthase. And ATP synthase is one of the most remarkable enzymes you will ever see. ATP synthase is an example of what we would call a molecular motor or a molecular machine. It's amazing! It physically rotates as it allows protons to come back in via their gradient, and if you remember correctly, electrochemical gradients are a form of potential energy. In fact, in biological systems that is the biological equivalent of Niagara Falls. Those protons want so desperately to come back in, and it is so exergonic to allow those protons to come in in the direction of their gradient, that they can actually physically crank ATP synthase. They can make it physically turn like a piston through a rotational mechanism and the energy released by those protons coming in is sufficient to power the endergonic reaction of phosphorylating ADP and an inorganic phosphate, combining those to produce a molecule of ATP. Now, I can't stress enough, how amazingly efficient this is. The overwhelming majority of ATP produced through cellular respiration is produced this way. So for example, under normal cellular conditions, somewhere between 32 and 34 ATP are produced through this process per molecule of glucose that goes in. Now I want you to think about that in context. Through substrate level phosphorylation, in both glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, we produced 4 ATP. We are going to produce 10 times the amount of ATP almost through oxidative phosphorylation, through this particular type of phosphorylation. And the thing I need you to understand is this this particular process is the key to multi-cellular life. In order for large, complex, multi-cellular organisms to exist they have to be this efficient with their energy. It's one of the reasons why you do not find large, multicellular, anaerobic life on planet Earth. It simply can't be done. The anaerobic production of ATP through fermentation, which we'll talk about in just a second, is so inefficient that it could never allow large complex multicellular organisms to exist. This particular process was essential for the evolution of multicellular life and it's so essential that all large, multicellular organisms, in fact almost all multicellular organisms on the planet Earth, are powered using cellular respiration. Now the one thing I will stress is this, almost all large, multicellular organisms are aerobic respirers. In some unicellular organisms there is what we call anaerobic respiration where instead of giving their electrons to oxygen, they could give them to sulfur-containing compounds or nitrogen-containing compounds things like that to produce weird byproducts like hydrogen sulfide gas. But again, you don't find that in multi-large multicellular eukaryotes. You tend to find them in single-celled organisms. One of the reasons why, it's not as efficient as aerobic respiration. Aerobic respiration seems to be the most efficient way that life has evolved in this planet Earth to produce ATP and it's the reason you exist. But what about those organisms that are anaerobic? What about those organisms that can't do cellular respiration because they don't have the enzymes? They're not complex enough to produce those enzymes or they are anaerobic. They are organisms that do not use oxygen at all. Well the other pathway to produce energy through anaerobic metabolism is known as fermentation. So fermentation is essentially a way of regenerating your electron carriers following glycolysis. So if we look at fermentation, it looks basically like this: you go back and you take your glucose molecule and you do glycolysis, and the end result of glycolysis as you recall is two ATP net, two molecules of NADH, and two molecules of pyruvate. Now the ATP is great because that's energy. That's what they need to survive. It's inefficient compared to what cellular respiration can do, but it's there. You also have these two molecules of pyruvate hanging around, but the big problem is this, in order to be able to do the energy production phase of glycolysis, to actually release those two ATP, you have to reduce your NAD+ into NADH. What happens when all of your NAD+ is gone and there's no electron acceptor for the energy production phase to occur? That's the problem. That can't happen. So fermentation is a sort of add-on step at the end whereby we take those electrons from NADH, they are placed enzymatically onto pyruvate or another organic molecule to regenerate the NAD+, and then that molecule is typically excreted as a waste product. In general, fermentation can produce one of two things. Fermentation either produces an acid, which gets secreted. So something like lactic acid is a great example of an acid that gets produced during fermentation. Or it can produce alcohol, very commonly ethanol, and carbon dioxide as a byproduct. The net result of fermentation is to produce either an acid or an alcohol waste product, and to regenerate NAD+ that can go back in and then be further reduced through subsequent energy production phases of glycolysis to produce those two ATP. Now what are the advantages to fermentation? Well the major advantage of fermentation is that you can be anaerobic. It can occur without the presence of oxygen. One of the things people often underestimate is how much of the planet Earth doesn't have oxygen on it. A significant portion of life is anaerobic and this is the way that they produce their energy, through fermentation. What's the downside? Well the major downside is this, it's very inefficient. For each molecule of glucose, you get two ATP out of it. We get somewhere between 36 and 38 ATP out of it. They get two, which is why any organism that that produces energy exclusively through fermentation is almost always unicellular. There are no large multicellular fermenters. In fact, I think there's only one or two species of multicellular life at all that falls into the realm of fermenters and they're tiny microscopic, multicellular organisms. So there are pros and cons. The other thing I want to stress to you is fermentation is not a metabolic pathway that is reserved strictly for anaerobic, unicellular organisms. Did you know that you can ferment and you do it on a fairly regular basis? It's not a preferred mechanism, but there are times in your life when you are anaerobic and you may not recognize this. Have you ever done intense athletic activity? Gone for a run, played a sport like soccer, gone to the gym, and then the next day your limbs feel heavy, and you're and you were breathing heavy while you were doing that exercise, and the next day your limbs feel heavy, and they feel sore, and all that sort of stuff? What happened to you? Why are you breathing so hard? Well the reason you're breathing hard is you are consuming a lot of energy when you do this high intensity work and in order to keep up, your body's trying to produce more energy, and it's trying to produce more energy through cellular respiration. But the problem is your body under normal breathing conditions doesn't have enough oxygen to keep up with the energy demand. So what does it do? Well you breathe in more oxygen and that will keep the oxygen circulating in your blood, but there's no way to get enough oxygen to your deep tissues, in particular your muscles, to actually provide enough oxygen to do efficient cellular respiration to meet those energy demands. So what are those muscle cells left to do? Well they're left to perform a type of metabolism that doesn't require oxygen. They're left to ferment. So what happens? It takes all of those glucose reserves or it takes whatever it can as an energy source, puts them through glycolysis, turns them into pyruvate, and then rapidly just regenerates its NAD+ pool by essentially fermenting that pyruvate and producing a byproduct called lactic acid. You're an acid fermenter. Now for the next day or two, that lactic acid can actually stay in those muscle tissues, which is why they feel heavy and they may hurt. They may feel, they actually may feel firm because of all that waste product. Now your body is kind of cool like this. What's it going to do after a day or two? It's actually going to absorb all of those, all of that pyruvate, or all of that lactic acid that your body produces, it's going to send it to your liver, where your liver is actually going to regenerate it through a process called gluconeogenesis. It's going to regenerate that glucose and give your body another try to be more efficient in its metabolism and its catabolism with this glucose. So your liver actually puts it back together, like here, try again, and be more efficient with it this time. Your body is designed to waste nothing rather than secreting it, excreting it as a waste product like a microbe might do because your body has an alternative pathway, the aerobic cellular respiration pathway where you can get more energy out of it. Like I said your body is very good at being energy efficient, which is really kind of cool. So the last thing that we'll talk about is what if the thing you eat or the thing you're using is food isn't glucose. As I mentioned at the beginning of this video, everything eventually makes it into the cellular respiration pathway, but only carbohydrates for example go through the entire process. So what if the thing you eat is a carbohydrate, but it's not glucose. Well for the most part, everything that comes in that's going to be a digestible sugar is going to be something that is an isomer of glucose. Fructose, galactose, even things, disaccharides like lactose and maltose, those are just simply two glucoses attached to each other or a glucose and a galactose attached to each other. So there, the bonds are are hydrolyzed and then galactose is isomerized into glucose, fructose is isomerized into glucose to go through the glycolysis process. Remember, if it's a a large, digestible polysaccharide, if it's starch or if it's glycogen, those are just long chains of glucose, so you hydrolyze those bonds, you release the glucoses, and put them through the glycolysis process. What if it's a fat? So fats are actually kind of neat. So you have these long chain fatty acid tails, typically in the form of a triglyceride, you can have these long fatty acid tails and then you're going to have them attached to a glycerol head group. Well fats get broken down this way. Fats undergo a process called beta-oxidation. This happens mainly in the mitochondria and what happens is these fatty acid tails are cleaved into two carbon chunks and then they're given a coenzyme-A molecule, and they enter into the process as acetyl-CoA. So they become that two-carbon molecule that initiates the citric acid cycle and they go through that way. What about the glycerol head groups? Are we going to waste those? Absolutely not! That's a three-carbon molecule. Where does that go in? Hey, that actually goes in as glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. So that actually enters into the beginning of the energy production phase of glycolysis. What if you're a protein? Well proteins consist of amino acid monomers. The first thing that happens with proteins is they're going to go undergo a process called deamination. So they're going to have their amino group removed from their amino acids and that's going to basically leave that carbon skeleton laying around. The amino groups are removed from the body. They're what we call nitrogenous waste, so they're often excreted in urine. What happens with the carbon skeletons? Well most of those carbon skeletons at this point look very similar to either the intermediates of the citric acid cycle or they get converted into acetyl-CoA or they get converted into pyruvate and begin the process as either pyruvate. acetyl-CoA, or one of the intermediates of the citric acid cycle in our process this way. Bottom line is your body can take a lot of different things. In fact, almost every macromolecule that your body absorbs can be converted into something useful, as long as there's the enzymes to catabolize it into a useful form. Our body tends not to use nucleic acids as an energy source. Most cells don't. That's not one of their roles. Their role isn't really involved in nutrition. But when it comes to lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins, those are going to be broken down and placed into the respiration pathway at the appropriate point in time. Remember that our bodies, our cells, are a marvel of efficiency, and will use whatever they can in order to survive as long as they have the enzymes to break them down. The other thing to realize is this and we're not really going to get into it in today's video. But, almost all of these products can also be used as a basis for biosynthesis. Some of these citric acid cycle intermediates, for example, or pyruvate, can actually be broken away and undergo different processes to assemble the biological macromolecules that we need. For example, you can actually take fatty acids and convert them into acetyl-CoA. From acetyl-CoA, they can actually be back converted into pyruvate and through a process called gluconeogenesis be turned into sugar. We can also take sugars and break them down into acetyl-CoA and reassemble them as fats, a process known as lipogenesis. Remember, I talked about it in our in our video about biological macromolecules, your body likes to store energy in the form of triglycerides. Well the first step in that process is break sugars down, convert them into acetyl-CoA, reassemble them through lipogenesis to build fatty acid tails, and then assemble them with a glycerol head group to produce triglycerides. So in a sense, all that sugar, if you overeat too much sugar, it will turn into fat. Because that's how your body is going to store it. It doesn't like to waste it. Proteins, for example, can be broken down. Their amino acids can either be deaminated and then digested or catabolized to release electrons and produce energy or they can just be reassembled and utilized by one of your ribosomes to produce a protein that you need. So all of these catabolic processes also produce the precursors for most of your anabolic metabolism. When we talk about hormonal regulation in a different video, that's one of the things that your your body as a whole sets the table for. It decides, are we in a catabolic state where we're harvesting our food to produce ATP or are we in an anabolic state where we're looking to store stuff or biosynthesize molecules for later use? Metabolism is a very complex subject, so we don't have time to get into all the details of it. But I hope you learned a lot today about how cellular respiration works and how that makes multicellular life possible. Okay. So thank you for hanging in there for a very lengthy conversation about cellular respiration. Cellular respiration, just like all metabolic pathways is a very complex topic that can be challenging to understand. I hope you did a good job of breaking it down for you guys and and hope helping you see how these different enzymatic pathways work together to allow you to produce the ATP you need to survive and how important cellular respiration is. In particular, for organisms like us that are large and multicellular and require a good deal of metabolic efficiency. Thank you so much for tuning in. I hope you guys learned a lot and I look forward to seeing you guys next time. Bye! | That Bio Doc | UC2359c9P9aEzB6wl4LTqxxg | 2020-08-28 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 7,635 | 53,170 |
L991yB2J9ws | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L991yB2J9ws | Can I create a degraded mdadm raid10-near (raid 1e) array? | eat more mango and drink more apple juice now this question this video this video is about i kind of forgot about this video oh yes yes yes yes this video will help you out technically it will show a question and then possible solutions and why should we eat more mango and drink more apple juice well because it's good for your brain although i keep forgetting things in this video anyway enjoy the video and please like and subscribe because that would be really really really helpful for me and my family god bless [Music] do [Music] please click thumbs up and subscribe thank you for watching may god bless you | Roel Van de Paar | UCPF-oYb2-xN5FbCXy0167Gg | 2021-01-18 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 113 | 614 |
JVBtm5mgY9s | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JVBtm5mgY9s | ♫ Old German Christmas Carol ♫ ♪ (One-handed Music) | this is a pretty old German Christmas song that's interesting I've made a note to myself years ago I wrote that it can be played with one hand that's interesting I roll my sleeves up and it says to be played joyfully and it's in three-four time and it's got one sharp so it's in G major and it's to be played to a flea let's see how I go one hand old German Christmas song well I made a mistake but I mean everyone's gotta start somewhere rome wasn't built in a day and so if you've only got one hand or you've got an injured hand or something you know somebody who has had problems or something lim problems or something at least they can play with one hand nothing like doing a bit of practice before going on youtube is there and this is an old German Christmas song sets out of copyright but i'll just give you the notes if you want to play it for yourself g a b b a b c CB CD d c b a g a b b a b c CB CB DC ba a AG a CB BB ABC a DC BTC be a bc b a g a b a g the plattefield christmas party yeah played at a christmas party and do it with one hand and you can do one hand clapping as well yes one hand clapping merry Christmas to you anyway bye | zuditaka | UCmQ-6_hJrzDglPTrqt_MK2A | 2011-11-16 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 249 | 1,148 |
7AuqkTr0fqc | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7AuqkTr0fqc | Shakespeare's Hamlet (part 1 of 2): History and Context | to be or not to be those might be the most recognizable words in English literature but it's certainly not a quotation we would have heard from em Liffe the Viking prince in the history of the Danes bisexual chromatic US and yet if you've read sack so you'll see clear parallels that tell us that Ameth was the forerunner of Shakespeare's Hamlet he's a prince of denmark his father the king is killed by his brother the uncle of amla 'the this uncle King marries a Milus mother in order to keep him being killed as a potential avenger an enemy of the new King Ameth has to pretend to be crazy in order to hide his revenge plot there's a moment when one of the king's henchmen is spying on Ameth while he speaks with his mother Garuda and he's hidden and Ameth hears him and discovers that he's there and stabs through the straw and kills him after this the King sends him to England hoping that his ally the King of England will kill him on the way to England he discovers a message that calls for his own death and he changes that message to ask for the death of the two men who were taking him to England he eventually kills the king in a sword fight in which he starts off with a sword that's been rendered useless and he switched swords with his opponent before killing him the major difference in the plot obviously is the fact that Ameth goes on to rule in his father's place ruled over Denmark he then has this adventure in England where he marries the Queen of Scotland and goes to war with the King of England before he's eventually killed in a another battle but all of these plot similarities tell us that this is more than coincidence the specific scenes like killing the spy that's spying for the king while the prince is talking to his mother or the Kings spies watching the hero as he interacts with a young female with whom he has a past relationship the changing of the letter after being sent to England to call for his spies death rather than his own all of these things are too closed two parallel to be just coincidence but once we've established these parallels in this lineage of Shakespeare's Hamlet then we can start to look at the differences and there are quite a few of them but in a previous lecture when we talked about Sachs o--'s Ameth and the history of the Danes we also noted that there were other offshoots of this story which probably existed for a long time an oral tradition in Scandinavia ending up as far away as Iceland and an Bayliss saga showing up as a Kinning for the sand on the beach being the flower of M lo these mill and low B's mill being a poetical reference that someone named M lowly presumably made at some point for the ocean as a as a mill that grinds up islands into flour which is the the sand so there are many other versions of the story before Saxons account and there are many other versions after saxs account and it's probably sacks those account that ended up influencing Shakespeare because his history of the Danes was written in Latin it was something that could be read all over Europe but that's not to say it directly influenced Shakespeare that's not to say that Shakespeare himself actually read sacks owes account there are other intervening versions of the history of the Danes of the story of Ameth one of those shows up in a French work called the history of tragedy by Francois del forest and that was written in French in 1570 about 30 years before Shakespeare's play Hamlet was first performed but we don't know that Shakespeare could read French and Belle forests account of an Liffe wasn't translated into English until after Shakespeare's play was performed so unless Shakespeare could read French then it's unlikely he got it from this version there was a play that seems to have been a version of Hamlet that was put on as early as 1589 in England but we don't have any copies of that play left and we're not even really sure who wrote that play all we know about the play is that apparently there was a ghost in it which is significant because there was no ghost of the Father in saks those account but in this play that was put on as early as 1589 there was a ghost and apparently the actor who played the ghost wasn't very good he just screamed hamlet revenge over and over again and another playwright who had seemed to play complained about it that's how we know about he complained about it in a piece of writing where he said that the ghost cried miserably like an oyster wife Hamlet revenge in other words someone who sells oysters by calling out boisterous oysters it's that kind of delivery that this dramatist Thomas Lodge was complaining about and we don't even know what the title of this is scholars suspect that this drama was written by the playwright Thomas Kyd because it closely resembles another work that we know was written by Thomas Kyd called the Spanish tragedy but we're not sure if Thomas Kyd wrote it it's some people have suggested that maybe Shakespeare wrote it maybe this was an early version just wasn't very good but we don't also don't even know what the title was so it's frequently called our Hamlet and you'll remember the word Erb means like an early version like the primordial version of something although we of course know that this isn't the first version of Hamlet but we can at least say that because this play this Hamlet was performed in Britain in the 1590s it's likely that Shakespeare would have seen it whether or not he was involved with producing it we don't know but he's likely to have seen it so the story of Hamlet was popular knowledge by 1600 when Shakespeare writes his play Hamlet the Prince of Denmark so whatever Shakespeare source was he had a source some people are sometimes disappointed by this when they find out that Hamlet liked almost all of Shakespeare's plays is an adaptation of a story that came from somewhere else it's just one iteration of a story that had past iterations at the time Shakespeare wrote it for instance Othello was modeled on the Italian writer Cynthia's story the Moorish captain Shakespeare's history plays like Henry the fifth and Richard the third what happens in them comes almost point-by-point from a book called chronicles of England Scotland and Ireland by Raphael Holinshed King Lear the the general plot of King Lear can be read in Geoffrey of Monmouth's history of the kings of Britain although it doesn't end quite so badly in the original version but hopefully by now we're not so easily disappointed by this recognition every identifiable author we've read in this class Aeschylus Homer Virgil Chaucer they've all adopted not only the stories from past sources but elements of previous narratives and Shakespeare is no different and once we know what his sources are then we can see what really is original if we compare sacs those account of analyst to Shakespeare's version of Hamlet we see the similarities and we can sort of put them aside and say yes he he took this from another source but look at what else he adds look at the interpretations he give gives it look at the the narrative choices that he made for this particular iteration of this story Shakespeare is very familiar to us his name his face and we may assume that we know a lot about him but remember the illusion of knowledge that I discussed in one of the earlier lectures when something is familiar to us we tend to overestimate how much we actually know about that thing and because Shakespeare's name and face and especially his works the plays that he wrote are very familiar to us we tend to assume that there must be a lot more historical information about him we know what he looks like through images like these but the two images on the right are actually the only two paintings that could have been made of him during his lifetime all other images including the engraving on the the first folio which was produced after his death that engraving could not have been made you know while he was alive it could have been made by someone who knew him it could have been made based on the chandos portrait the one on the right but that image was made in 1623 and Shakespeare died in 1616 the image on the bottom left is his funerary monument and obviously that would be made after his death the two pictures on the right however seemed to be the only ones that are made of him during his lifetime but we're not actually sure that they represent him especially the Cobb portrait the one in the middle that one was actually only discovered in the year 2006 so very recently and we can see some resemblances to be more familiar chandos portrait on the right but we can also see a little bit of difference all other images of Shakespeare are paintings and productions that were made after his death so they again could have been made by somebody who remembered what he looked like but we don't know for sure we have his signature on legal documents and that sort of thing from the time but his signature kind of changes over time so they don't always look the same in fact the way he spells his name changes over time now this would have to be William Shakespeare that was there and recognizable and present to sign a document otherwise it would be forgery that would be illegal but these signatures change in the spellings change sometimes he writes his name WI ll M as William and then Shakespeare is just SH akp sometimes it's SH aks P er II sometimes there's no re on the bottom the one way he never spells his name is the way we spell it from these same legal documents we know that he was born in 1564 we know that he died in 1616 he lived the first part of his life and stratford-upon-avon a good distance away from London but he made his way to London and joined several prominent theatre troupes quickly became highly respected especially for his writing the people who write about him during his lifetime were very frequently prominent people like the playwright Ben Jonson playwright Christopher Marlowe whose works and lives we know a lot more about but he came from humble beginnings his father was a glove maker who made a good deal of money during his life but then he also lost a good deal of money his mother came from a prominent family but her inheritance was lost by shakespeare's father and this has led a lot of people to say well he's too poor and too low class to have been the person who wrote all of these wonderful plays and that's led to a lot of conspiracy theories that insist that somebody else must have written the the plates that are attributed William Shakespeare for one reason or another people like Christopher Marlowe Francis Bacon it was a very famous early scientist it was a near contemporary of Shakespeare and also the Earl of Oxford Edward de Vere these are all people that have been put forward as possible authors of the plays attributed to William Shakespeare but the underlying presumption there is that he had to be from the nobility in order to be educated and intelligent and to write these kinds of examinations of human character and the sort of vicissitudes of social life and life in the world and that's just not true now you know we saw the same kind of prejudice in the song of the CID where people dismissed the accomplishments on the battlefield of El Cid because he came from a lower social class but you could counter argue almost that Shakespeare would have had to come from a lower class and had to be the kind of person who could work his way up who could earn enough to enter the sort of lower nobility he became officially a gentleman he got a coat of arms which is something that only ranking families are allowed to have but he was able to purchase this during his lifetime because of his success on the stage in London but in order to work his way up in this very difficult very rigid social hierarchy he would have to be very good at understanding human nature in ways that people who were already the top would not have to be if you're if you're born wealthy and you're born with high status you don't really have to learn much there's always going to be people who to do for you what other people would have to do for themselves and Shakespeare's brilliance at theory of mine at understanding the minds of other people is something we see in his plays and it's something that he would have had to have to go from where he began to where he ended up and despite all we don't know about Shakespeare at least we have the texts of his plays we know what the original plays were like well no I'm just kidding if you've learned anything in this class is that we never have an ER text we never have the original version of something and that's true even when it comes to Shakespeare's Hamlet not just the amla story but Shakespeare's specific play Hamlet we don't have this genuine original against which we can judge all later versions we don't have any versions of his plays that were written by Shakespeare himself in his own handwriting that he may have used when performing a play all of his printed plays come from additions that were reconstructed either by actors familiar with the parts or possibly by notes from the producers with Hamlet we have three early printed editions and none of them match any others and these are referred to either as cortos or folios according to how the book itself was constructed the cuarto would have been put together like this the pages would be printed in a printing press on both sides of a large sheet of paper like the one you see in the top left and that sheet of paper would be folded four ways and then after it was bound the parts on the top that were still connected would be cut and this form of book printing continued on into the early 20th century and sometimes today if you go check out a really old book from the library that hasn't been used much you can find the pages are still sort of folded together they haven't been cut but these books would have been much smaller than the folio which is the other style of construction in a folio we have a sheet of paper about the same size again printing on both sides of it but it's just folded once before it's nestled into other folded pages and then bound together now there are two core toes that were made during Shakespeare's lifetime the play Hamlet was first acted at the Globe Theatre in London around the year 1600 but we don't have anything left over from those early performances the earliest we have is the first quarto which was made in 1603 and we might like to assume that this earliest version is the most original because it doesn't match the printed version the cuarto second quarto that was made a year later in 1604 in fact the second quarter was almost twice as long as the first quarto and we might like to assume that the earlier one is the original one but there's a problem with that the first quarto bears this description on the title page this is the tragical history of Hamlet Prince of Denmark by William Shakespeare as it has been diverse times different times acted by his Highnesses servants in the City of London in other words the King's Men the theatre troupe that Shakespeare was a part of and it has also been acted in this way according to this script in the universities of Cambridge and Oxford and elsewhere now this description differs a lot from the description of the second quarto which again is about twice as long and its title page describes it as newly in printed and enlarged to almost as much again as it was according to the true and perfect copy and because so much is missing and so much as different people scholars tend to assume that the first quarto wasn't something that Shakespeare oversaw in the printing process it was probably something that some of the other actors or people vaguely familiar with the play I took it upon themselves to a print and then distribute or sell but something that was probably written and then put in typeface by memory that was a little bit imperfect they didn't have direct access they did they left a lot of things out rather than this being an original version that was later added to and if we look at the first quarter when compared to the second quarter we see that a lot of things are missing that make Hamlet Hamlet the famous to be or not to be speech and the first quarto goes to be or not to be I there's the point as opposed to to be or not to be that's the question in the version we're all more familiar with it goes on to die to sleep is that all I all know to sleep to dream I marry there it goes for in the dream of death when we awaken born before an everlasting judge well we very quickly gone from familiar language to unfamiliar language this description of after we die being you know going to judgment this is something that's not directly referenced this way in the the second quarto the more famous version we do see some of those the same elements we see that the to die to Sleep No More to sleep perchance to dream but then there's a lot more that happens in between those things and rather than appearing before God as the the judge after we die it's a little more dreamlike for in that sleep of death what dreams may come when we have shuffled off this mortal coil must give us pause in other words we don't if dying is going to sleep then the dreams that come after that is something we have to stop and consider this is a little more ambiguous a little more artistic than just saying you know when I face judgment both versions describe death is that undiscovered country and get to the point that when we stop and consider what's going to be after death it makes us reconsider whether or not we want to remain in this world if maybe we're in too big of a hurry to leave this world and go on to the next world before we make that decision we should stop and consider the consequences we don't know what we're getting into in the next world the general point is the same but there's a lot more going on in the second quarto description and the second quarto gives us a lot of what we think is more the Shakespearean Hamlet the more complete version of Hamlet but even in it some things are missing and for that reason a lot of lines are incorporated from the first folio I remember the first folio was printed in 1623 but it has a lot of additions that seem to come from Shakespeare himself according to scholars now the folio contains most of the works that Shakespeare produced and when you pick up say the Arden Shakespeare that I recommend it for this class or if you read the Folger online Shakespeare or any other version you're almost never reading either the quarto or the folio you're usually reading a combination of some things from the folio some things from the court oh and for that reason a lot of times line numbers are going to differ from one edition to another sometimes even the the act and scene numbers are going to differ but usually the acts and scene numbers usually match up it's frequently though it's the line numbers that are a little bit off so when you read a modern addition are you reading Shakespeare yes but you're reading Shakespeare as it's been edited by someone between Shakespeare and us we're not just reading Shakespeare's direct thoughts on paper but we should also remember that the reason it wasn't written down it wasn't printed first is because it was produced as a play and Shakespeare was very successful as a playwright and an actor and director so successful that he opened his own theater The Globe Theatre in 1599 and despite you know burning and then being rebuilt it survived mostly until 1642 when all the theaters in England were shut down by religious reformers who thought it was sinful and you know promoted sin and that sort of thing but before that first quarto the location of Hamlet the place where you would go to see and and received this story wouldn't be a text it would be the theater so every time a place before it's a different iteration and each iteration is going to make subtle differences subtle changes according to how much time they have what the weather is like because as you see with the globe theater there's an open it's an open-air theater some nights you might have hostile audiences that you know can't keep quiet and tend to interrupt the the place so Shakespeare himself might be making decisions about what lines to add or subtract on any given night during any given performance but also each actor is going to decide how to deliver those lines where or how those lines are going to be staged what he's going to be doing at the time what he's holding how he's dressed you know the director will have input into this but the actor ultimately is standing onstage and makes a decision about how to read these lines any individual actor might emphasize some lines and de-emphasize other lines might use different intonation and so the impression we get the the story as we receive it the the narrative for lack of a better word a lot of people want to say if it's acted it's not narrative but even your performance is a type of narration it's taking a story that exists before that iteration and it decides what to focus on and what to leave out and so when Sir John Gielgud does the Yorick scene where he holds up the skull and says the last poor Yorick I knew him Horatio it's when David Tennant did it in 2008 for the Royal Shakespeare Company he made different decisions about how to deliver those lines when Benedict cumberpatch did the same thing he made different decisions about what to enunciate what to pass over how theatrical to be how to act out those lines as he was saying those lines in other words just like every other text we've read the story is multiform each iteration makes decisions about how to narrate how to present that story and the same holds true for movie versions there are ton of movie versions of Hamlet some are just filmed on the stage some are acted out in a costume and setting that would be the original Ameth sort of medieval Denmark some are acted out in the setting and the costumes of Shakespeare's time like Laurence Olivier's 19:48 performance of Hamlet many versions of Hamlet are set in modern times like the even Hawk version and Kenneth granik's 1996 version of Hamlet is set in the 19th century which is neither Shakespeare's time nor our time it's the one I recommend because it's the most complete film version of Hamlet it's four hours long almost because it has nearly every line but the look of it is very original is very different if you read the text while you watch another performance you might see that some passages are rearranged even brandings version which is the most complete takes one speech by Claudius and puts it at a different point in the film so that if you're following along you may have no idea when you first hear these lines it's clear that he's reading something from the text but it's not at the point that you are when you're following along you just have to look around for those lines and in most cases most performances will omit a lot of lines because this is one of Shakespeare's longest plays to act out the entire thing takes about four hours so many people decide to omit quite a bit but what you're doing while you watch a film version and read a text version whether it's the Arden version or the Folger Shakespeare Library or any other edition as you're having to mentally redact just like you did all the way back in the epic of gilgamesh and Audra houses when you're looking at these broken tablets and trying to figure out how do I put all of these fragments together into one chronological whole well that takes a lot of work on your part as the reader you're also redacting the text and in order to create a new iteration that's not exactly what's on the page and not exactly what's on the screen but something close | Eric Luttrell | UCkJjxQTlPXuL8vnqjwFoygg | 2017-11-29 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 4,410 | 23,865 |
XMUx9S_F_VE | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XMUx9S_F_VE | Russia suspends its participation in grain deal. | foreign [Music] Russia suspends its participation in Grain deal the decision was made due to attacks on ships of the Black Sea Fleet in sevastopol the defense Ministry explains Moscow has halted its compliance with a grain deal with Kiev brokered by the UN and turkey after Ukraine launched a major drone attack on ships involved in securing safe passage for agricultural cargo the Russian defense Ministry announced on Saturday in a post on its telegram channel the ministry said Russia is suspending its participation in the implementation of agreements on the export of agricultural products from Ukrainian ports it explained that the move was prompted by a terror attack against the ships of the Black Sea Fleet and civilian vessels involved in ensuring the security of the grain corridor the ministry also alleged that the bombing was organized with the involvement of British military the UK defense Ministry has denied any involvement in the Ukrainian drone attack on the Black Sea Fleet in sevastopol claiming that Moscow is resorting to peddling false claims of an epic scale in an effort to distract the global Community from their disastrous handling of the illegal invasion of Ukraine this invented story says more about arguments going on inside the Russian government than it does about the West it added commenting on Russia's decision to suspend the grain deal Andre or Mack Ukrainian President Vladimir zielenski's Chief of Staff accused Moscow of blackmail Russian blackmail is primitive across the board blackmail in nuclear energy and food field he stated adding that all supposed Russian ploys are too simple and predictable earlier on Saturday Russia's agriculture Minister Dimitri Patrice signaled that Moscow is ready with turquiers helped to send the world's poorest countries up to 500 000 tons of grain within the next four next months he noted that considering this year's Harvest Russia is fully ready to replace Ukrainian grain and arrange deliveries to all interested countries at a reasonable price the grain deal not only did not solve the problems of countries in need but even aggravated them in a sense we can see where the ships from Ukraine were heading Italy Spain and the Netherlands for some cargos the share of EU countries ranges from 60 to 100 percent these are not the states that are experiencing a real food problem the minister said Russia earlier warned that it could quit the grain deal if an agreement to ease restrictions on its food and fertilizer exports were not implemented moreover following the blast on the Strategic Crimean Bridge Russian President Vladimir Putin said that if turns out that Ukraine the country that Moscow accused of carrying out the attack used grain corridors to transport explosives it would put the very existence of these corridors in question the Breakthrough deal between Moscow and Kiev was reached in Istanbul in July with mediation by the U.N and turkier it aimed to unlock agricultural exports via the Black Sea from Russia and Ukraine two of the world's leading grain exporters which had ground to Halt due to the conflict between the two Nations | Vadim | UCNtOzqT81YOU2xA1WRu6q-w | 2022-10-29 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 519 | 3,136 |
CunN7ARpsAQ | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CunN7ARpsAQ | Geology: Relative Dating of Rocks | wherever rocks are exposed at our surface they have a story to tell each rock layer is like a book in a library telling us the story of the geologic history the ways in which the rock layers are arranged relative to each other tell us the sequence of events that occurred in a particular location what happened first in our story and what happened last a geologic event can be any natural occurrence involving geological materials including deposition erosion tilting folding faulting intrusion of Magma's metamorphism and others sedimentary rocks represent events of deposition a sandstone records an event of sand deposition either on a shallow continental shelf Beach or a sand dunes in the desert igneous rocks represent volcanic episodes occurring in an area which means either subduction zone volcanism divergent plate boundary volcanism or hotspot volcanism metamorphic rocks record the area being subjected to high temperatures and/or pressures either from a nearby magma chamber subduction zone deep burial or collision of plates once we piece together a geologic record of past events or stratigraphy we can tell the story of an area's geologic past we determine the order of events through a combination of two different processes relative dating and numeric dating relative dating simply describes which events happened before or after another for example in an undisturbed pile of sedimentary layers according to the principle of superposition the layers of the bottom will be older than those that deposited on top a similar process happens with your recycling of newspapers the oldest newspaper the one you first threw away would be on the bottom the most recent one on the top numeric dating applies a variety of techniques to determine an America's for a particular rock layer like 2.3 million years plus or minus 100 thousand years numeric ages as you see have associated errors and can be determined only for rocks that contain the right ingredients turns out most rocks do not have these right ingredients and only some of them can have numeric ages associated with them the most common form of numeric dating is radiometric dating which uses naturally radioactive elements trapped in rocks to calculate the dates of formation for more information watch the video tutorial on radiometric dating other types of numeric dating processes include lichen ama tree studying the time at which it takes for lichen species to grow on a surface of a rock in a particular area or counting tree rings for the rest of this video tutorial we will focus on relative dating to read the rocks and the relative order to piece together the geologic history of an area we need to gather as much information as possible which is helped when we can view the rocks in cross section like viewing a slice of cake at John outcrops at highway excavations railroad cuts stream valleys and cliffs all provide good cross-sections of Earth's crust and good libraries filled with information for geologists to interpret the process of relative dating begins with determining which rocks are event in an area are the oldest then each successive event that occurred after that is placed in sequence relative to the others to build a stratigraphy the principle of original horizontality describes the general tendency for sediments or lava flows to be deposited or erupted in horizontal layers the principle of superposition is already discussed states that the lowest sedimentary rocks in an undisturbed sequence were deposited first and therefore our oldest if later we see tilted her folded sedimentary strata or lavas we know that after the original rocks were deposited there was a tectonic event that deformed the layers the principle of cross-cutting relationships describes how certain geologic events such as folding faulting magma intrusion and erosion are younger than the rocks they alter for example igneous intrusions are younger than the crustal rock into which they intrude and faults are younger than the strata they fracture it is often possible to determine the relative ages of several mutually cross-cutting intrusions and faults inclusions are pieces of one rock that you find in another Rock included rocks must be older than the rocks in which they are found for example a cliff face of granite will whether pieces of the weathered granite will make their way into beach sands the sandstone that forms from these beach sands must be younger than the granite pieces within let's look more closely at the contacts between rock layers what do they represent usually these are conformable meaning that rocks on both sides of the contact formed at about the same time but in between the environment changed for example a mud stone might represent muds depositing in a lagoon but eventually nearby sand dunes migrate and cover up the lagoon so sands will deposit on top of the muds through a shift in the environmental conditions an unconformity is a contact between two layers that represents a cause and deposition in an area or when an area has been uplifted and eroded how can we tell which kind of contact we're looking at conformable or unconformity when we look carefully at the contact if we see evidence of erosion such as an irregular surface excavation or inclusions of the rocks below the contact into the rocks above the contact we know there was a motion at work before that layer above was deposited we can further divide unconformity x' by their type to provide us with more information about the events that took place in a particular area diss conformities our unconformity x' between parallel strata or lava flows usually the contact is irregular and pieces of the underlying rock are included in the strata above these unconformity x' indicate erosion or a small period of time with no deposition but no tectonic transformation and no excavation too deeply buried rocks angular unconformity Tsar unconformity x' where the parallel sedimentary layers or lava flows above the contact are at an angle to the parallel sedimentary layers or lava flows below to see an angular and conformity in an area means the area was subjected to tectonic activity that caused folding or tilting before erosion and renewed deposition non-conformities are unconformity x' with intrusive igneous rock or metamorphic rock below and parallel sedimentary rock layers or lava flows above the layers on top which would have formed originally on our surface sit atop uplifted and eroded igneous or metamorphic rock that formed originally at depth that means those deep rocks were exposed at one point on the surface to bring deep rocks to the surface requires significant uplift and erosion and the loss of many layers of rock many missing books in our geologic history the principle of original lateral continuity describes the tendency for lava flows and sedimentary beds to extend laterally in all directions until they thin to nothing or reach the edge of the depositional Basin in other words they don't simply disappear so if we have an unconformity in our local stratigraphy and one or a number of rock layers have been eroded we can look around to surrounding areas if we can correlate the layers above and below the unconformity with those same layers elsewhere we can use the intervening rocks in the surrounding area to fill in the gaps that might exist in our local story we call that process correlation let's practice these principles by building a stratigraphy for a cross-section through the Grand Canyon if you were to hike down into the Grand Canyon here's the top where you would start and here's the base where the Colorado River runs where is the oldest Rock the ones that appear closest to the bottom are Oh a schist and n a granite we know that Granite's intrude into existing rocks so unless that granite has signs of being exposed at the surface and eroding the schist likely happened first also ships formed through high grade metamorphism and if the granite had been inside the schist before or as it was metamorphosing the granite would have also turned into a schist so all these clues plus the shape of the intruding granite tell us that the schist was there first and is thus the oldest followed by intrusion of the granite we now have the first two events at the base of our Stratego fee determined what next we see a contact that looks irregular between the schist and granite and the bass limestone m which sits above based on the irregularity of the surface and the fact that granite sand shifts formed deep underground while lime stones form on the surface we can label this contact as a nonconformity meaning many layers existed above the schist in granite when they formed but those layers have since been removed through erosion therefore we have erosion happening potentially over many millions of years and then after the erosion stops likely because the area has been eroded flat deposition resumes and Emmas laid down followed by L K and J the contact between J and the rocks above I is also irregular indicating erosion furthermore the rocks below the contact are in an angle to the ones above here is where we see evidence the tectonic event that tilted the rocks after which the area was eroded flat and deposition began again with I so between J and I we have an angular unconformity after I was laid down H was laid down followed by G then between G and F we see an irregular eroded surface which is a dis conform as there's no tilting happening prior to erosion and the rocks immediately below the surface aren't deep metamorphic or plutonic igneous rocks after the erosional event F is laid down and then again a dis conformity appears that means we don't know how many other rocks had been laid down after G and before F or after a 'then before the rock above these are gaps in our story after the erosion to F deposition resumes and we seabed II laid down followed by D C B and a we don't know how many more rocks were laid down after a because the area is currently experiencing erosion by the Colorado River and the top of a is an eroded surface this vertical time line with oldest on the bottom and youngest on the top is our complete stratigraphy gaps in our story exist everywhere there's an unconformity how much of a gap to determine that we could try to correlate with surrounding geology which it turns out is possible with the nearby Bryce Canyon and Zion National Parks we could also conduct numeric dating on the rocks above and below if they contain the right ingredients for radiometric dating or we can use fossils pause now [Music] fossils are direct or indirect evidence that a particular organism lived in an area at the time the rock was formed direct evidence would be shells bones fossilized dung known as copper lights whole organisms trapped in amber or tar or molds or casts of the organism sometimes organisms like leaves will leave a carbon film on the surface of rocks after they've been buried and broken down sometimes the original buried shows will be replaced by minerals in all these cases the evidence we find is some part or all of the organisms body indirect fossil evidence includes footprints burrows teeth marks nests and stomach rocks known as gastroliths evidence that an organism was in the area but very little about its structural shape to form any of these fossils we first have to rapidly bury the dead organism or its indirect mark and thus preserve it in rock layers at depth paleontologists study the evolution of Earth's life through the study of fossils they have collectively created the geologic time scale which breaks earth history into particular Yuans eras and periods each given its own name based on rocks studied from that period somewhere on the planet according to this time scale the first 4 billion years of Earth's history is collectively known as the Precambrian why that date for the boundary the oldest fossil evidence we have of organisms that have hard parts after hard parts were developed by living organisms it was easier to preserve them as fossils when they died therefore much more fossil evidence available to differentiate different events and environments in Earth's history especially extinction events Paleozoic old Mesozoic middle and Cenozoic recent are each separated by major extinction events on the planet the largest of which happened at the end of the Paleozoic 252 million years ago known as the Permian extinction what caused this extinction likely the eruption of a new hotspot and the pouring out of the Siberian trap flood basalts the end of the Mesozoic is 65 million years ago also known as the Cretaceous tertiary boundary or KT boundary it corresponds to another major extinction event this one involving the extinction of all dinosaurs species the cause of that extinction was likely the eruption of the Deccan Traps flood basalt province combined with a large asteroid hit the principle of faunal succession describes how flora and fauna succeed each other in a reliable order based on evolution and extinction we can use fossils of these organisms therefore to assist with relative dating and in particular to help us determine the extent of gaps for our own conformities fossils of organisms that lived for very short periods of time across a wide habitat geographically are called index fossils we can use them to better narrow the possible ages of Iraq and to correlate rocks from one part of the world with those of another the genus Olin Alice is a great example of an index fossil as these marine organisms lived across the world's oceans between 510 and 522 million years ago stromatolites on the other hand are marine organisms that have existed on planet Earth for the last three and a half billion years what do we know if we find a fossil stromatolite in iraq that its age is between today and three-and-a-half billion years ago not so useful in terms of relative dating however fossils also help us identify past environments and climate finding stromatolite fossils in iraq tells us the environment where the rock was produced was warm and dry and in a salty coastal ocean foramen if our shelf fossils in ocean sediments can be used to determine the temperature of oceans as different species are adapted to different temperatures fossils in a sandstone can help us differentiate between sand dunes found behind a beach and those found in a desert for more information on earth history and the evolution of life on Earth continue on to the earth formation series of video tutorials pause now [Music] | Earth Rocks! | UCBEwiHo718rNAekZrqjjDjQ | 2019-03-30 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 2,486 | 14,561 |
jE1pVC5aueE | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jE1pVC5aueE | Economic rent | Wikipedia audio article | in economics economic rent is any payment to an owner or factor of production in excess of the costs needed to bring that factor into production in classical economics economic rent is any payment made including imputed value or benefit received for non-produced inputs such as location land and for assets formed by creating official privilege over natural opportunities e.g patents in the moral economy of neoclassical economics economic rent includes income gained by labor or state beneficiaries of other contrived assuming the market is natural and does not come about by state and social contrivance exclusivity such as labor guilds and unofficial corruption in the moral economy of the economics tradition broadly economic rent is opposed to producer surplus or normal profit both of which are theorized to involve productive human action economic rent is also independent of opportunity cost unlike economic profit where opportunity cost is an essential component economic rent is viewed as unearned revenue while economic profit is a narrower term describing surplus income earned by choosing between risk-adjusted alternatives unlike economic profit economic rent cannot be theoretically eliminated by competition because any actions the recipient of the income may take such as improving the object to be rented will then change the total income to contract rent still the total income is made up of economic profit earned plus economic rent unearned for a produced commodity economic rent may be due to the legal ownership of a patent a politically enforced right to the use of a process or ingredient for education and occupational licensing it is the knowledge performance and ethical standards as well as the cost of permits and licenses that are collectively controlled as to their number regardless of the competence and willingness of those who wish to compete on price alone in the area being licensed in regard to labor economic rent can be created by the existence of mass education labor laws state social reproduction supports democracy guilds and labor unions e.g higher pay for some workers where collective action creates a scarcity of such workers as opposed to an ideal condition where labor competes with other factors of production on price alone for most other production including agriculture and extraction economic rent is due to a scarcity uneven distribution of natural resources e.g land oil or minerals when economic rent is privatized the recipient of economic rent is referred to as aruntiere by contrast in production theory if there is no exclusivity and there is perfect competition there are no economic rents as competition drives prices down to their floor economic rent is different from other unearned and passive income including contract rent this distinction has important implications for public revenue and tax policy as long as there is sufficient accounting profit governments can collect a portion of economic rent for the purpose of public finance for example economic rent can be collected by a government as royalties or extraction fees in the case of resources such as minerals and oil and gas historically theories of rent have typically applied to rent received by different factor owners within a single economy hossein madhavi was the first to introduce the concept of external rent whereby one economy received rent from other economies definitions according to robert tolleson 1982 economic rents are excess returns above the normal levels that are generated in competitive markets more specifically orentas a return in excess of the resource owner's opportunity cost henry george best known for his proposal for a single tax on land defines rent as the part of the produce that accrues to the owners of land or other natural capabilities by virtue of ownership and as the share of wealth given to landowners because they have an exclusive right to the use of those natural capabilities the law professors lucian bebchik and jessie fryde define the term as extra returns that firms or individuals obtain due to their positional advantages in simple terms economic rent is an excess where there is no enterprise or costs of production classical rent land rent in political economy including physiocracy classical economics georgism and other schools of economic thought land is recognized as an inelastic factor of production land in this sense means exclusive access rights to any natural opportunity rent is the share paid to freeholders for allowing production on the land they control as soon as the land of any country has all become private property the landlords like all other men love to reap where they never sowed and demand a rent even for its natural produce the wood of the forest the grass of the field and all the natural fruits of the earth which when land was in common cost the laborer only the trouble of gathering them come even to him to have an additional price fixed upon them he must then pay for the licence to gather them and must give up to the landlord a portion of what his labor either collects or produces this portion or what comes to the same thing the price of this portion constitutes the rent of land david ricardo is credited with the first clear and comprehensive analysis of differential land rent and the associated economic relationships law of rent johann heinrich von thunen was influential in developing the spatial analysis of rents which highlighted the importance of centrality and transport simply put it was density of population increasing the profitability of commerce and providing for the division and specialization of labor that commanded higher municipal rents these high rents determined that land in a central city would not be allocated to farming but be allocated instead to more profitable residential or commercial uses observing that a tax on the unearned rent of land would not distort economic activities henry george proposed that publicly collected land rents land value taxation should be the primary or only source of public revenue though he also advocated public ownership taxation and regulation of natural monopolies and monopolies of scale that cannot be eliminated by regulation neoclassical parisian rent neoclassical economics extends the concept of rent to include factors other than natural resource rents the excess earnings over the amount necessary to keep the factor in its current occupation the difference between what a factor of production is paid and how much it would need to be paid to remain in its current use a return over and above opportunity costs or the normal return necessary to keep a resource in its current use the labeling of this version of rent as parisian be a misnomer in that vilfredo pareto the economist for whom this kind of rent was named may or may not have proffered any conceptual formulation of rent topic monopoly rent some returns are associated with legally enforced monopolies like patents or copyrights in addition companies like microsoft and intel have important de-facto monopolies that can be quite valuable some businesses like public utilities are by their nature monopolies labor the generalization of the concept of rent to include opportunity cost has served to highlight the role of political barriers in creating and privatizing rents for example a person seeking to become a member of a medieval guild makes a huge investment in training and education which has limited potential application outside of that guild in a competitive market the wages of a member of the guild would be set so that the expected net return on the investment in training would be just enough to justify making the investment in a sense the required investment is a natural barrier to entry discouraging some would-be members from making the necessary investment in training to enter the competitive market for the services of the guild this is a natural free market self-limiting control on the number of guild members and or the cost of training necessitated by certification some of those who would have opted for a particular guild may decide to join a different guild or occupation however a political restriction on the number of people entering into the competitive market for services of the guild has the effect of raising the return on investments in the guild's training especially for those already practicing by creating an artificial scarcity of guild members to the extent that a constraint on entrance to the guild actually increases the returns to guild members as opposed to ensuring competence then the practice of limiting entrance to the field is a rent-seeking activity and the excess return realized by the guild members as economic rent the same model explains the high wages in some modern professions that have been able to both obtain legal protection from competition and limit their membership notably medical doctors actuaries and lawyers in countries where the creation of new universities is limited by legal charter such as the uk it also applies to professors it may also apply to careers that are inherently competitive in the sense that there is a fixed number of slots such as football league positions music charts or urban territory for illegal drug selling these jobs are characterized by the existence of a small number of rich members of the guild along with a much larger surrounding of poor people competing against each other under very poor conditions as they pay their dues to try to join the guild reference freakonomics why do drug dealers live with their moms topic terminology relating to rent gross rent gross rent refers to the rent paid for the services of land and the capital invested on it it consists of economic rent interest on capital invested for improvement of land and reward for the risk taken by the landlord in investing his or her capital scarcity rent scarcity rent refers to the price paid for the use of homogeneous land when its supply is limited in relation to demand if all units of land are homogeneous but demand exceeds supply all land will earn economic rent by virtue of its scarcity differential rent differential rent refers to the rent that arises owing to differences in fertility of land the surplus that arises due to difference between the marginal and intra-marginal land is the differential rent it is generally accrued under conditions of extensive land cultivation the term was first proposed by david ricardo contract rent contract rent refers to rent that is mutually agreed upon between the landowner and the user it may be equal to the economic rent of the factor information rent information rent is rent an agent derives from having information not provided to the principal see also references topic further reading thomas diana w september 2009 deregulation despite transitional gains the brewers guild of cologne 1461 public choice springer 140 3-4 329-340 doi per 10.1007 11127 009 94204 jstor 40270926 see also assamoglu darin robinson james a may 2000 political losers as a barrier to economic development the american economic review special issue papers and proceedings of the 112th annual meeting of the american economic association american economic association 92 126-130 doi 10.1257 air 90.2.126 jstor 117 tulik gordon autumn 1975 the transitional gains trap the bell journal of economics wiley 6 2 671-678 doi 10.2307 32449 jstor 32449 external links definition of economic rent at economist.com the art of rent a series of seminars at queen mary university of london rent-seeking network rent seeking papers by berus hassani agricultural economic rent | Subhajit Sahu | UCQfZeuqLWTmhBor49owSrhw | 2018-11-27 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 1,905 | 11,637 |
sFt4UNVojyQ | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sFt4UNVojyQ | If You're Introvert Or Extrovert You Need This Video | what are some of the things that annoy you as an introvert we took a poll from our instagram followers as well here's what they find annoying people complaining about me being an introvert small talk people thinking i'm rude when i ask for time to be alone someone telling me to speak more then talking over me every time i tried to and being forced to socialize with people i don't have much in common in a world where extroversion is considered the key to success it's a real struggle for introverts to find their spot from early on in school to job hunting you'll hear the best ways to attend parties and events for networking additionally job destructions normally require people to be extremely sociable enjoy the spotlight and enjoy working in a team so if you feel like an outsider because of this belief don't lose heart there are many others just like you who share the feelings and go through the same struggles to prove this and hopefully help you feel better knowing that you're not alone here are six struggles only introverts could relate to number one you appear shy when meeting new people what's the first impression you make on people are you usually described as shy whenever you meet new people the truth is when you're quieter than most people it makes sense that people would see you as a shy person upon first meeting the struggle occurs when people assume things about you just because you're quieter such as you not being confident enough or that you're hiding something this might be especially bad on job interviews since recruiters usually seek people who are competent in their own skills and mistake your first impression number two you'd rather avoid parties and big social events do you ever notice yourself feeling lonelier during parties or social events than when you're by yourself is being a wallflower the only way out for you well this might sound contradictory this is a common struggle for introverts whenever you go to parties or social events you'll feel like there's a wall separating you from other people because of the amount of small talk additionally the small talk will make you feel extremely bored and like you're wasting your precious time these are two reasons enough why you would rather avoid going to parties or social events number three you feel under-appreciated have you ever felt that people ignore you in the room just because you don't talk as much as others well this is one of the most common struggles for introverts as an introvert you usually talk less because you don't know what to say or don't have anything to say as a result people will not know you well and underestimate your skills and capabilities so that's why even when you're fit for the job someone else gets that promotion because of his or her social skills while you feel like you got skipped number four you feel that working in a team is burdensome do you feel like group meetings are counterproductive for you is it easier for you to work alone than coordinating a group this is one of the struggles that you can easily relate to as an introvert you work much more productively in quiet and private environments since focusing on your task with people talking around you is very hard additionally as opposed to the belief that having others around is better for the inspiration you're more creative and have innovative ideas when you're alone and so the fact that companies usually prefer team players over individualists makes this a struggle for you even if the results and insights you give are better number five you feel extremely uncomfortable when in the spotlight how comfortable do you feel when being the center of attention while it's normal to feel extra pressure when being in the spotlight after all you are being watched by more people than you normally would as an introvert you'll try to avoid speaking in groups or public speaking at all costs because you can't stand people's attention being focused on you you would much rather have a one-on-one conversation and even then you prefer to talk about things other than yourself you even feel uncomfortable talking with acquaintances who you know because they'll always ask personal questions which you feel or none of their business number six you would rather do everything by yourself do you get tongue-tied when asking for assistance have you ever spent so much time trying to do something that could have been easily solved if you just ask someone to help you is it because you dread what they would think of you as a result as an introvert one of the traits that you have is that you hate asking for help and the main reason for this is that you're afraid that you might seem stupid or incapable of doing something so you end up wasting so much valuable time simply because you prefer to do everything by yourself instead of asking others for help it is important to be aware that the struggles that you have to go through daily are most likely struggles that most introverts experience everywhere else so please know that you're not alone in dealing with these struggles and start embracing the fact that there are more approaches to life than the extroverted approach it's not your fault and no one is blaming you for it own yourself and let others appreciate you | zikey tv | UCosOCAXE25fFWaoD-lT_dIA | 2021-09-24 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 930 | 5,275 |
IZ6TSlqXYOU | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IZ6TSlqXYOU | Honda CBX Full Restoration & Engine Rebuild Video Series - Part 14 - Re-assembly Part 1 | [Music] okay so here we go I have everything laid out as you can see everything's nice and beautiful cleaned up ready to go got the engine cases got the new Pistons new new chains cleaned up cams rods are all cleaned up ready to go as you recall in a previous video I installed that one piston got all the new rod and main bearings here there's one of the new ones there the head is all completely rebuilt new valve seals and everything all valve seats have been all done so the heads ready to go from the machine shop there's the gasket set here's the bottom case the oil pump the screen the crank everything's ready to go so let's get at it so now that brings us to the gaskets now there's really two big companies out there that sell gasket kits for the CB X and a lot of the other vintage bikes one of them is this any brand I believe it's Chinese but the gaskets seem to be fine I've worked with them before and they all seem to be good so if you're a little uncomfortable about it you know you could at least get a Honda head gasket which sometimes that's what I do or whatever but in my opinion the head gasket is one of the most important gaskets the other brand is this vesser ax and it's and it's from Japan so you know if you're uncomfortable with the Chinese product then the Japanese product is always gonna be good too but like I've said I've used both and I don't have a problem with either one really now as an interesting point I actually have an OEM vintage cbx gasket kit here from back in the day and I'm sure that this was from the 70s when the bikes were new but I obtained this on an apart slot that I bought from an actual close dealership and these are original vintage Honda gaskets which I just love it and I can't bring myself to use them because these are no longer available they're totally out of production Honda does not sell them like this anymore they sell individual gaskets but they don't sell them like this anymore and they used to they used to have well it looks like I've got two of the same here but anyway they had a they had an A and a B set and I thought that the both these were a and B but it looks like I've only got the two B's but anyway there's a there's another part to this the a part which I think has you know the upper the upper part of the engine this looks like it's the the lower part the transmission and and the crankcase but anyway I just thought it was kind of interesting to show you this vintage OAM gasket set so now I just opened up the the any gaskets set the Chinese set and I pulled out the head gasket and this this head gasket right here is an actual honda om gasket you can see the part number there and it's unopened but you know i'm comparing the two and i tell you they are both the same quality so I don't think I don't think you would have any problem using the Chinese gasket said I mean the this gasket head gasket is really every bit the quality that this one is here so I don't think you would have any problem at all using either one so I wanted to go over also the the cam chains and the primary chain it's kind of interesting I've got all three brand new chains okay so the top chain in each one of these is the old one that I took out of the engine and the bottom one is the new one now I've got them laid out here and obviously I haven't measured them precisely but I tell you what I see virtually no difference in any of these as far as the length is concerned and it just shows you the quality of the honda om stuff I mean this engine was so battered and misused obviously and you saw it in previous videos and yet these chains seem to me they're perfectly surface serviceable but I'm not going to take a chance just because of the condition of the engine but it just shows you you know how well-made these chains are so anyway I am gonna use the new chains obviously but I tell you I I don't think I would have a problem using the old ones in some other engines so just like it's interesting observation other than like I said before in a previous video about the flexibility of this primary chain how that just kind of stays together and this one kind of snaps back you know it's there is a difference there in the primary chain so maybe this one is a little bit weaker but no it's it's hard to us it's hard to say so one of the first things that you have to do when you do the reassembly process is if you've torn the engine down to the bare cases like I have here with the exception of the shift drum and so on which I felt was in good condition and I left that but anyway the first thing that you have to do is install the oil pump so I'm gonna be installing the oil pump here in in a minute and after the oil pump is installed what I do is I go ahead and in and install the oil pan on here and the reason I do that is because that way I can flip the engine over and I can I can fully lubricate and oil all the parts as I'm putting them back in and then that way the oil doesn't leak out of the cases so so the first thing you have to do is you have to make sure that all of the gasket surfaces are very clean and shiny just like I have here and especially on the oil pan because it actually doesn't really have a gasket like you normally have it's got it it's got like an o-ring on it that goes in this slot right here so the more important that the surface be nice and clean and even without any gasket material left on there or anything so so one thing you have to remember when you install the oil pump is there are a couple of rings that you have to remember to reinstall and it's basically these two o-rings right here so they have the the locating studs there with with the two o-rings and then also the gasket that goes at the end of the pickup tube so now the gaskets set unfortunately does not have either the o-rings or the gasket so I've had to actually make a gasket for the pickup tube and I'm going to see if I have a couple of rings that will work on the oil pump okay so I've located a couple of those rings that will work and so I've got the o-rings in place and now I'm ready to install the oil pump so there it is in place and now I have to bolt it from the other side along with the pickup tube you so now after you've got the oil pump in you have to make sure that all of the o-rings and everything are ready to go in also this little piece here which is really important because this is not shown in the parts manual or the shop manual it is I don't know somewhat of a spacer that goes in right here and I'll show you so basically you've got you've got this with a hole in it here for oil to pass through because the oil comes up from the pump up this channel through this and then you've got this kind of plastic and rubber washer if you will and you've got a little screen here and it sets in there just like that so then when the when the topcase is installed this allows the oil which is circulating inside the crankcase here to go from from the crankcase here into where the alternator goes and it goes right here in this hole so I think the the screen allow it you know it allows the oil to go down inside here and into the alternator so the screen is is there to catch any debris that might be in the engine so it doesn't get into the alternator so it's kind of a trick little setup and again it's not in any of the shop manual parts manual or anything so be aware of that so now we're ready to put in the main bearings for the crankshaft and as you can see here I've got I've got the cases all ready to go you know I've got I've got the surfaces all wire brushed and and scotch-brite 'add to make them nice and smooth and clean and then I've got the old bearings out and you want to make sure that this is dry as a bone right here same with the with the journals on the bottom case you want to dry dry dry you don't want any oil or anything on there because once the bearing goes in there you want to be dry if you put oil there you might spin a bearing and you sure don't want that so you want to put them in there dry now I've got the new bearings here and if you remember from a previous video I needed all green color code on the bearings except for this number six cylinder which is brown and I've already got those bearings in there so I don't get them mixed up and I have them in the right location because it's it's easy to get confused as to where number one and number six is so I went ahead and installed the the brown one there so basically these are known as crush bearings and you just have to make sure that you line up this tab with with this cutout here and you also want to make sure that the oil hole lines up with the oil hole in the case and if you'll notice the hole is a little offset from the center so it's pretty foolproof really and you basically just make sure that tab is lined up and then you just kind of press it in it's kind of hard to do with one hand but let me mount the camera okay so like I said you just take and you line up that tab and you just kind of press it in place just like that so I'm going to go ahead and do them all here and then we'll look at it okay so now I have all the bearings in and again only takes a couple minutes to do that so once you get the hang of it again you just want to make sure that the holes are lined up with the holes in the in the case because the oil comes up through this hole and into this Ridge and lubricates everything so or lubricates the bearings so anyway all those are in and so now we can go ahead and install the crankshaft so the first thing you want to make sure is that you use assembly lube now I've got some of this delray assembly lube but there's a lot of different types out there anyway it's essential that you use this assembly lube to put an engine together anywhere where there's gonna be friction you know for the first startup of the engine you want to be able to have full you know lubrication sorry looking for the word you want a full lubrication when you first start the engine up so it's really good to use assembly Lube you just kind of brush it on there lightly you want to do a tote both case covers you so just like the previous video where I took the crankshaft out of the cases you put it back in the same way you took it out which means we have to attach our primary and cam chain to the crankshaft and you want to use the long cam chain so that's it for this video we got the crankshaft in as you can see and so tomorrow I will continue on with the assembly process I may have to rebuild the starter clutch I'm not sure so I may have to order some parts for that so I'm gonna check that tomorrow and see but in the meantime I'll go ahead and install the pistons and the rods and whatever else that I can do short of the starter clutch if I have to put that in so anyway thank you for watching and again as always please subscribe it really helps support the channel and share it and comment I invite all comments and respond to all of them thank you very much for watching you | digitalpizza | UCeRow2YnOyhcnifkbI6hNTQ | 2019-07-27 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 2,239 | 11,017 |
LsljtEgneWs | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LsljtEgneWs | WHO WILL WIN THE INTHECLUTCH CHAMPIONSHIP BELT | what's going on Clint spot what up what up with us what up it's your boy Ross this is in the clutch hey back to ladies and gentlemen with a video you feel me an interesting video you see you see it you see what's right between us right here man you see we finally have us a custom custom in the clutch in the clutch championship and uh I don't know why he's repeating me bro but this is this is pretty cool shout out to uh Undisputed belts uh I I was researching trying to find us a belt that we could you know have that significant like that shows who we are and has our little style and flavor to it and uh I was looking at WWE in their replica belts and I was like those are cool but I want something that shows who we are yeah I'm saying so I hit them up and they had they bro they were very quick uh with designing this I I knew we had to go with the orange trap because I mean you know I'm saying that's part of our our color we have the in the clutch uh logo in the middle we also have the city of Houston seal and we have the uh um you know the state you know the state flag on one of the places and it's covered in with the diamond border and stuff like that and uh yeah this Championship will be defended yeah between us two going forward in our uh uh our reaction pay-per-views I know we started last year yeah um doing the whole trying to predict who's gonna win and whoever wins uh or we're not just you know just just have something you know it's like a flare to it man yeah yeah that was going to get directions and then and being able to challenge each other yeah so I think that'll be pretty dope yeah we have a belt for that so right now the belt is vacant we will be doing the Royal run now uh uh Royal Rumble stream uh it's I think it's in two weeks so I'm just really excited about this and now it makes these streams a must watch to see who's going to be the first ever hey sweet beautiful thing hey I'm trying to I'm trying to have two belts you feel me so I don't know man we'll be nice but too bad that's not gonna happen um I think it was gonna be dope man we can we can do some promos and stuff like that just to kind of add some flares you know unfortunately start to incorporating more videos yeah with the YouTube shorts and stuff like that man but hey this is something that we're bringing man some dope content and hopefully you guys are enjoying it and this is only the beginning this is where it starts here and I know y'all want to see some competition who's going to be able to Reign the champ of predictions and the belt holder yeah man who's gonna be in how we're gonna you know continue defending it every month where we do a live stream reaction for a WWE pay-per-view or whatnot that's when it will be defended yeah so if someone for example wins or whatnot uh for the Royal Rumble one of us win then they hold the belt into the next pay-per-view yeah and if there's a situation where say we end up tying or whatnot Whoever has the belt at the time they still keep it ah they still keep it because that person didn't lose it was just a tie or whatnot or we can add another stipulation you know I think it's going to be kind of interesting here there's so many things we can do yeah and I was thinking about for the Royal Rumble you know when it gets down to the last four competitors that will be a way to decide who's going to stay in or who's gonna go to go towards the who's gonna you know who's your record okay yeah yeah so because there's a lot of competitors so you don't want to just choose someone yeah they automatically out so I thought the last final four people in the match or maybe yeah last final four just to make it a little bit difficult it'll give you the opportunity to win it that way just for this Royal Rumble that we have coming up WWE stop being so damn predictable it could be more interesting so we will see man man so uh comment down below let us know who do you think is going to be the very first I.T something yeah we already know who's we're not even worry about that ladies and gentlemen uh we're gonna go ahead and yeah I don't know yeah I mean thinking you know what I'm saying you think I'm gonna walk out with two championships I'm bringing my belt he might not have that other one I might challenge him for the other one hey hey put it on my channel it's it's all fine we can get down I'm starting already all right man okay hold on when the [ __ ] start adjusting this seat nice man well for those that was on the live that was waiting for the surprise here's your surprise hey make sure y'all joining the live reactions I think the trash talking is going to get more this is especially on the live uh you know um videos the wrestling events it's gonna be pretty little this is gonna be good I'm looking forward to the Royal Rumble before now I'm really looking forward to it for this amazing piece of the championship does make every live like a little interesting yeah you don't know who's gonna be the ITC first ever Champion so make sure y'all go check that out man and Shout out once again to Undisputed belts for hooking us up with this beautiful beautiful Championship yeah but we love you guys man I'm gonna go ahead and take my belt already so peace y'all know who's gonna be the real champ I don't even what are we talking about yeah I know [Laughter] if you got a problem then we got the solutions [Music] now they hate on me cause I'm causing casualties but why are they after me deep inside they know they can't handle having me | InTheClutch Ent | UCg9w2x6EYbcxGiLeh8UTMdQ | 2023-01-10 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 1,101 | 5,532 |
02TMU9sxjhc | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=02TMU9sxjhc | 2021-10-25, DAY #2, ❛ CHAPTER 2 & 3 - SINNER'S NEED OF CHRIST & REPENTANCE ... ❜, Dr Jongimpi Papu R | bring our minds respect my heart as well so that we are receptive to his word i just want us to remember that monday's mission mondays we are required to go out there and preach the word of god as much as we are taken through the book steps to christ it's still mission monday today you are required to intentionally and purposefully go out there and preach or show the love of god i do not want to waste any more time i want to give over now to our pastor dr papu to take us through the lesson you have for us for today dr pabu thank you thank you thank you sister we welcome welcome you uh we missed yesterday um we appreciate your presence and good morning to everyone and i trust that you have a beautiful morning uh and it will be a wonderful one um allowing god to guide you today um we back to our book steps to christ please read the book um i must confess it before i start it's it's it's i've read the book i read the book almost periodically it's so difficult to put it together and say everything that's in this challenge i'm going to do two chapters now because we need to be done with the book by the end of the week but you've got to read it and the those things that i say i leave others the paragraphs are called i leave others so i don't want you to take my statements and and notes as if that's the word you've got to go read the book it it is such a dynamite small package beautiful it's it's amazing it's one of the best written and literatures in christian um um library it's amazing uh find time to read the book so today yesterday we spoke about the love of god we're going to rush through but uh bethara even as we go yesterday we spoke about the love of god and the question that comes up from many people is if god loves us why is it that um there are people are going to be lost and they'll go to hell if god loves us why would he allow us to to go to him it is because god loves us that's why he can allow us to reject his love we still love them god is not obsessed with us um he loves mercy not because he need us we need him you see he loves us not because he's benefiting something from us he loves us so that we can benefit something from him so because god loves us uh we will go to heaven simply it's clear it is because god loves us otherwise if god did not love us we're not making and he has another statement that's going to shock some of you and because god loves us we will go to hell once you see people going to hell you can exclaim and say god is wonderful god is love because he has even accepted your rejection true love doesn't kill the person who rejects it um hell as you will see just shortly is a place we choose uh because we do not uh want god's love life outside of god's love is hell when you don't choose god's love god does not need to come in and kill you as if you can live without him so because god loves us there's the possibility of heaven and there's a possibility of hair like no we cannot get into this but uh suffice to say that god loves us enough to accept our rejection today we're looking at two steps we're going to combine them and and and so pray for me as i try to do the impossible we're going to combine them now that the step number two which is step number one is um uh uh coming to know that god loves us that's the basis that's what propels us that's what keeps us even in the midst of trials and difficulties that god loves me that the one who died for me god sent his son to die for me there's no way god will will say i don't want you to be employed i don't want your son to be healed god has done far much more than what you are asking from him without us asking these other things that you ask are nothing compared to what god he has already given us his son he can't even withhold from us these little things he loves us keep that as the bedrock and the foundation of your christianity that's number one number two the second step is that you must acknowledge your need of christ if you don't uh see the importance of christ you know there are christians who have managed to to be christians without christ there's nothing like that so acknowledge your need of christ and in the christian journey in the in the in the christian life you cannot be a christian without christ so for us to appreciate that we need to first of all um ask ourselves this question what is this so what i'm going to do i'm going to um decoding paragraphs that explain some of these concepts and i'll give you pages but they may not be in sync with the page of your book but this is chapter 2 so if you read chapter 2 you'll find everything that i'm saying um today so one is a sinner sometimes we define a sin about what he does or by what she does he drinks the one who drinks one who steals one's whole lives one who kills people but of course that is what sinners do uh that is what sinners do that's what a sinner does he does all those things but then if that's how we define us you know then the question is what is a christian then a christian is going to be somebody who does not do those things so you see you've defined the christian without talking about christ we have defined a christian without reference to christ and that is uh incorrect so one is a sinner and we're not going to get into all this but he's really there and steps to christ chapter two stina is a person with an unrenewed heart an evil heart sorry to say that but it's true a sinner is a person with an underneath heart a sinner is a person whose heart is not in harmony with god a sinner is a person who finds no joy in communion with god you see that definition you can still go to church with an unregulated you can still go to get to church with though your heart is not in harmony with god you can still go to church and not find communion with god so a sinner is not what you do but you do that because you're a sinner a sinner is a person he's a being he's a person uh who is who is an as an underneath the heart if god could permit to enter heaven um as a sinner you would never find joy there will be no joy for you in heaven the glory of god steps to christ 17 would be to you a consuming fire you would welcome hell that you may be hidden from the face of him would die to redeem you you would say let me go to hell i cannot stay here and the reason you are excluded from heaven as a sinner it is for your favor it is for your advantage because you would prefer to go to hell than to go to heaven as a sinner so so one is not a sinner because or they do wrong things during the coming sin they call it sin because they are sinners so you do that because you already see it so we still have to to look at that and it's important because once we do that then how do you become a christian you don't become a christian by stopping to do certain things you become a christian by being born again as you will see job 14 4 says who can bring a clean thing out of an unclean one in other words if you are unclean how can you bring out something that is clean if you are even under your heart how can you do things that are clean never john 14 4 says romans 8 7 says the canal mind is enmity against god for it is not subject to the law of god it just enjoys disobedience neither indeed can it be it is impossible for us of ourselves to escape from the pit of sin in which we are sunk in so there is sinners with unbelievable there is no way we can take ourselves out there's no way we can clean our hearts there's no way we can purify our hearts except you are born from above unless you shall receive a new heart new desires new purposes new motives leading to a new love you cannot see the kingdom of god you did not become a sinner you were born a sinner if you're going to be a christian you must be born it starts with birth now in first one it says in vain are men's dreams of progress in vain all the efforts of uplifting humanity there is no true excellence of character apart from jesus christ and the only way to god is christ he says i'm the way the truth and the life no man comes to the father but by me so what is step number two step number two is to recognizing that you need christ without christ you can never be a christian you may be a good person you may be a good um citizen but you are not a christian a christian is a person who's born above a christian is a person with a clean heart and because sometimes we can manage to do those good things because we are created in the image of god by the way there are things that we can do on our own strength because we are not animals who are created in the image of god but that does not make you a christian that's step number two recognize you need christ step number three how shall a man be just with god how shall a sinner be made righteous yes a sinner needs christ but what must he do to be a christian acts 2 verse 37 and 38 repent peter says on the day of pentecost and be converted extremist 19 that your sins may be blotted so you must repent now that repentance therefore is that is that which transforms that heart that under your heart to be a a russia's heart but then the problem comes in what is repentance there is true repentance and there's false repentance now in page 23 here is a definition of repentance i wish we could spend time on this it's a beautiful one repentance includes sorrowful sin sorrow for seeing one and a turning away from it from the heart we shall not renounce sin unless we see its sinfulness until we turn away from it in their heart there will be no real change in their life you don't just turn away from sin and go this way while it is still in your heart you turn away from it in that in other words this is you then you will see how this is a miracle to repent is america it's a gift by the way to to repent is a miracle i mean for you to to develop a heart that hates sin to steal the sinfulness of sin that is a miracle from god you may not do sin as we see externally but you may still love it you may still have this funny this beautiful fantasy about sin in your mind but when you repent god implants in you a hatred for sin because you see it's sinfulness it's ugliness what false repentance is when we lament uh the suffering the consequences rather than the sin you remember the fact that now you are in trouble but you don't see the sinfulness of sin you have been caught now you are asking forgiveness but next time you are going to be more clever now you are in prison you lament that you have stolen next time you're going to be more clever you still have not seen the sinfulness you need repentance to see the sin sinfulness of sin jesus carried after betraying his his lord exclaimed i have sinned in that i have betrayed the innocent blood but that was not confession it was not repentance he just saw he was experiencing the pain the suffering of his actions but he did not see the sinfulness of what he did even if he had lived you'd find a way to do that again but when the heart yields to the influence that's page 24 of the spirit of god the conscience will be quickened and the sinner will descend for the first time something of the death and the sacredness of god's holy law and you'll cry out and say who shall deliver me from this body of sin um you will see the love of god the beauty of holiness the joy of purity you will long to be cleansed and to be restored to communion with heaven now this is what david saw this is the experience that david this is an example of a genuine repentance david saw the enormity of his transgression he saw the defilement of his soul he loathed his sin it was not for pardon only that he prayed but he prayed for the pure heart clean cleanse me of god renew my spirit he longed for the joy of holiness to be restored to harmony and communion with god and so he confessed now that was the language of the soul every desire for truth every desire for purity every conviction of our own sinfulness is an evidence that the holy spirit is working upon our hearts jesus said in john 12 32 if i believe that up from the earth i will draw all men unto me now here's the beautiful thing sometimes we wonder we grew up together in church we grew up together doing this we we were pathfinders we were singing in the choir but some of my friends have have never become christians what happened why did others become writing others not here's the answer page 27 the sinner now remember this is john 12 32 if i believe it up i'll drown it unto me but now here's the thing the sinner may resist this love this poor he may refuse to be drawn to christ but if he does not resist he will be drawn to jesus christ and knowledge of the plan of salvation will lead him to the foot of the cross in repentance for his sin which have caused the suffering of god's dear son if you don't refuse you will be drawn and so those who are not i'm talking about people have been exposed to the love of christ it is because they have refused now here's the warning if you see your sinfulness do not wait to make yourself better how many there are who think they are not good enough to come to christ do you expect to become better through your own efforts and some think or just let me just make myself clean and then i'll go to church i'll go to christ don't wait until you do that you will wait forever let none deceive themselves with the thought that god in his great love and mercy i measure that earlier on will yet save even the rejecters of his grace the exceeding sinfulness of sin can only be estimated only in the light of the cross the same cross that reveals the love of god to us is the same cross that reveals his hatred for sin so in the cross in that cross we see how god loves a sinner in the same cross we see that god is willing to have his son die on the cross because of of his hatred for sin beware therefore of procrastination do not put off the work of forsaking your sins and seeking purity of heart through jesus christ time is not um your friend beware of procrastination but more than that what you do not overcome will overcome you and work out your destruction now i'm not saying this only to people who must repent people who are not christians i'm also referring to those who are already christians some of us are playing with sin and we think that one day we'll just stop and ask god to forgive us remember what we do not overcome today will overcome you and work out your destruction now here's the most uh behavior the heaviest uh paragraph in this chapter if not in the whole book in terms of its um enormity in terms of its weight it says every act of transgression every neglect or rejection of the grace of christ reacts upon yourself it hardens your heart it depraves your will it benoms your understanding it not only makes you unless inclined to yield it actually makes you less capable of yielding to the tender bleeding of god's holy spirit then she calls proverbs 5 22 he says in all the bible there's not a more fearful warning against trifling with evil than the words of the wise men that the sinner according to proverbs 5 32 shall be holden with the chords of his sins you shall be holding with the cords of your sin don't play with sin as you see enormity of sin as you see yourself as you really are do not give up to despair it was sinners that christ came to save when the devil speaks to you and say you're a sinner there's nothing you can do you've got an evil heart say yes that is true but christ came for sinners such as i when satan comes to tell you that you are a great sinner look up to your redeemer that's one of that's one of the last paragraphs when when he comes to look up to your redeemer and the talk of his merits that which will help you is to look to his light look to the bible acknowledge your sin but tell the enemy that christ jesus came into the world to save sinners and that you may be saved by his merciless life so what the death even as a christian when you have fallen when you have committed sin and the devil says you are a fake you are a hypocrite remember christ came for sinners like you if you confess we'll talk about one of those steps tomorrow if you confess he's willing to accept you back so what is the step number three step number three is repentance and genuine repentance is sort of for sin and detaining away from it in your heart may god bless us let us pray together our kind and loving father it is such a a joy to be reminded once more that even as we walk with you therefore there is a provision if we repent you will always be willing to welcome us your love for us is greater than the love of our parents you have a way of being patient with us more than our parents for their wayward children for their hearing children what a wonderful god we serve lord we pray this morning that through your love let your life shine let your life expose the sinfulness of sin if there are people who are listening here lord and wallowing in sin please lord give us a repentance it is a gift that comes from you give us that gift lord so that we can see the sinfulness of what we are doing there there are men and women who have left each other left their children who are living a life that they that they should not believe in who call themselves christian and they do so lord because they are blinded by the by the by the devil they don't see the enormity the sinfulness of sin lord help us to see the sinfulness of sin give us repentance lord so we can see how ugly sin is and may we embrace your love in the name of christ we pray amen god bless you amen amen | Tsiry Rakotonirina | UCsWc2yLEXwCYhXs-IuTBBPw | 2021-10-25 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 3,519 | 17,557 |
XqhJts08ki4 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XqhJts08ki4 | Grace Harlowes Second Year at Overton College by Jessie Graham FLOWER Full Audio Book | chapter one of Grace Harlow's second year at Overton College this is a LibriVox recording all LibriVox recordings are in the public domain for more information or to volunteer please visit librafox.org recording by Ashley Jane Grace Harlow's second year at Overton College by Jesse Graham flower chapter 1 Overton claims her own oh there goes Grace Harlow Grace Grace wait a minute a curly-haired little girl hates Lee deposited her suitcase golf bag two magazines and a box of candy on the nearest bench and ran toward a quartet of girls who had just left the train that stood puffing noisily in front of the station at Overton the tall gray-eyed young woman in blue turned at the call and running back met the other halfway why Arlene she exclaimed I didn't see you when I got off the train the two girls exchanged affectionate greetings that Arlene was passed on to Miriam Nesbitt and Pearson and J L Frieda Briggs who with Grace Harlow had come back to Overton College to begin their second Year's course of study those who have followed the fortunes of Grace Harlow and her friends through their four years of high school life are familiar with what happened during Grace Harlow's plea beer at High School the story of the freshman year Grace Harlow's sophomore year at high school gave a faithful account of the doings of Grace and her three friends Nora O'Malley and Pearson and Jessica bright during their sophomore days Grace Harlow's junior year at high school and Grace Harlow's senior year at high school told of her third and fourth years in Oakdale High School and the foul completely Grace lived up to the high standard of Honor she had set for herself after their graduation from high school the four devoted Chum spent a summer in Europe then came the inevitable separation Nora and Jessica had elected to go to an Eastern Conservatory of Music while Alan Grace had chosen Overton College Miriam Nesbitt a member of the free Sigma Tau had also decided for Overton and what befelled three friends at Overton College freshman has been narrated in Grace Harlow's first year at Overton College now September had rolled around again and the station platform of the town of Overton was dotted with groups of students Laden with suitcases golf bags and the paraphernalia belonging peculiarly to the college girl Overton College was about to claim its own the joyous greetings called out by happy voices testified to the fact that the next best thing to leave in college to go home was leaving home to come back to college whereas Ruth was Grace's first question as she surveyed Arlene with smiling affectionate eyes she'll be here directly answered Arlene she's looking after the trunks she is most indefatigable little labor I ever saw from the time we began to get ready to come back to Overton she refused positively to allow me to lift a finger she's always hunting something to do she says she has acquired the work habit so strongly that she can't break herself off it and I believe her finished Arlene with a sign of resignation here she comes now an instantly to the Jamal young woman seen approaching was surrounded by laughing guards stop walking and speech your little friends laugh Miriam Nesbitt we've just heard bad reports of you I know what you've heard exclaimed Ruth her plain little face of light with happiness Arlene has been grumbling you haven't any idea what a fort finding person she is she lectures me all the time for walking added Arlene Ruth will have walking her fan to spare this year can you blame me for trying to make her take life easy for a few days blame you repeated Alfreda I would have lectured her night and day and tied her up to keep her from work if necessary now you see just how much sympathy these worthy sophomores have for you declared Arlene do you know whether 19 is all here yet asked Anne I don't know a single thing more about it than do you girls return Darlene suppose we go directly to our houses and then meet at vinton's for dinner tonight I don't yearn for a Morton House dinner the meals there won't be strictly up to the mark for another week yet when the house is full again the standard of Morton house cooking will rise in a day until then letter stank our stars for vinton's are you going to take the automobile bus which will save time we might as well ride replied Grace looking inquiringly at her friends my luggage is heavy and the sooner I arrive at Wayne Hall the better pleased I shall be are you to have the same rooms as last year asked Ruth Denton I suppose so unless something unforeseen has happened will there be any vacancies at your house this year inquired Arlene four I believe replied Anne Pearson were you thinking of changing we'd be glad to have you come with us I'd love to come but Morton House Is Like Home to me Mrs Kane calls me the Morton House mascot and declares her house would go to rack and ruin without me she only says that in front of course I think you'd make an ideal mascot for the sophomore basketball team this year laughed Grace will you accept the owner with both hands declared Arlene now we had better start but we'll never get back to vinton's Ruth you have my permission to walk with Anne as far as your corner it's five o'clock now shall we agree to meet at vinton's at half past six that will give us an hour and a half to get the soot off our faces and if the express man should experience a change of heart and deliver our trunks we might possibly appear in fresh gowns the possibility is very remote however I know because I had to wait four days for mine last year it was sent to the wrong house and traveled daily about the campus stopping for a brief season at three different houses before it landed on Morten house steps I hung out of the window for the whole morning watching for it then when it did come I fairly had to fly downstairs and out on the front porch to claim it or they would have hustled it off again that's why I appointed myself Chief trunk tender said Ruth slyly that trunk story is not new to me this time your trunk will be waiting on front porch for you Arlene if it is then I'll forgive you your other sins retorted Arlene that is if you promise to come and room with me Isn't She provoking girls I have a whole rude myself and she won't come father wishes her to be with me too I'd love to be with Arlene returned Ruth bravely if I can't afford it and I can't accept help from anyone I must work out my own problem in my own way you understand don't you she looked appealingly from one to the other of her friends who nodded sympathetically she's a courageous Ruth isn't she small Darlene patting Ruth on the shoulder at Ruth's Corner they said goodbye to her then hailing a bus to five girls climbed into it so far we haven't seen any of our old friends who marked Grace as they drove along Maple Avenue I suppose they haven't arrived yet we are here early this year I'd rather be early than late rejoined Miriam last year we were late don't you remember there were dozens of girls at the station when we arrived Arlene and roof are the first real friends we have seen so far where are Mabel Ash and Francis Martin emmerdine and Gertrude Wells not to mention Virginia Gaines if I'm not mistaken said Alfreda slowly her brows drawing together in an ominous frown there are two people just ahead of us whom we have reason to remember almost at the moment of her declaration the girls had a spy two young women loitering along the walk ahead of them whose very backs were too familiar to be mistaken it's Miss Wicks and Miss Hampton isn't it asked Anne Grace nodded they were now too close to the young women for further speech a moment more and the bus containing the five girls had passed the loiter and pair near the side had made the slightest sign of recognition a sudden silence fell upon a little company in the bus it is too bad to begin one sophomore year by cutting two Overton girls isn't it said Grace in a rueful tone Overton girls sniffed Alfreda I consider neither Miss Wick's nor Miss Hampton real Overton girls they should be by this time her mind in Miriam Nesbitt mischievously they've been here a year longer than we have years don't count retorted Alfreda it's having the true Overton spirit that counts you guys understand what I mean even if Miriam tries to pretend she doesn't of course we understand Alfreda soothan Miriam was merely trying to tease you don't you suppose I know that returned Alfreda I know too that you don't wish me to say anything against those two girls all right I won't I warn you I'll keep on thinking and complimentary things about them last June after that ghost party I promised Grace I would never try to get even with Alberta Wicks and Mary Hampton but I didn't promise to like them and if they attempt to interfere with me this year they'll be sorry oh there's the campus exclaimed Arlene as turning into College Street the long green slope broken at intervals by magnificent old trees burst into their few hello Overton Hall she cried waving her hand to that stately building just look like green plush though I love every inch of it don't you she looked at her Companions and seeing the light from her face reflected on theirs needed no verbal answer to her question a moment later she signaled to the driver to stop the bus I should have to leave you here she said I'll see you at vinton's at 6 30. Grace handed out her luggage to her saying you have so much to carry Arlene should I help you mercy no laugh Darlene Every Woman her own Porter is my motto opening her suitcase she stuffed the candy and magazines into it snapping it shut with a triumphant click then with it in one hand her golf bag in the other she set off across the campus at a swinging Pace she's little but she has plenty of Independence and energy laugh Miriam her are girls there's Wayne Hall just ahead of us it was only a short ride from the spot where Arlene had left them to Wayne Hall Grace sprang from the bus almost before it stopped and ran up the stonewalk her three friends following before she had time to ring the doorbell however the door opened and Emma Dean rushed out to greet them welcome to Old Wayne she cried shaking hands all around I heard Mrs Elwood say this morning you would be here late this afternoon I've been over to Morton House consoling a homesick cousin who is sure she's going to hate College I've been out since before lunch and had it at Martell's with my dolorous misanthropic relative I tried to get her in here but everything was taken we're to have Four Freshmen you know I knew there were four places last June than rather surprise that no sophomores applied for the rooms have you seen the new cars Emma shook her head they hadn't arrived when I left this morning I don't know whether they are here now or not I'm going to have one of them Virginia Gaines has gone to Livingstone Hall she has a friend there to two of the nude girls would have her room Florence Ransom will have to take the fourth why is Mrs Albert asked Miriam she went over to see her sister this afternoon she's likely to return at any minute Amsterdam do you think we ought to wait for her grace asked anxiously hardly said Anne picking up her bag which she deposited on the floor come on I'll lead the way volunteered Alfreda starting up the stairs for himself would be surprised when she comes home she'll find it's not only here but settled laughed Grace but it was Grace rather than Mrs Elwood who was destined to receive the surprise end of chapter one recording by Ashley Jane chapter 2 of Grace Harlow's second year at Overton College by Jesse Graham flower this slippery Fox recording is in the public domain chapter 2 the unforeseen following our Freeda the girls ran upstairs as fast as their weight of bags and suitcases would permit Miriam pushed open hurdle which stood slightly ajar with the end of her suitcase anyone at home she inquired sorcerly as she stepped inside looks like the same old room remarked Alfreda no it isn't either we have a new chair we needed it to you may sit at it occasionally if you're good Miriam thank you replied Miriam to that gracious permission you should have one piece of candy out for five pound box I have in my trunk not even that declared Alfreda positively I said goodbye to Candy last July I've lost 10 pounds since I went home from school and I'm going to haunt the gymnasium every spare moment that I have I hope I shall lose 10 more then I'll be down to 140 pounds and Alfreda stopped and what queered Miriam I can make the basketball team finished Alfreda what is going on in the hall I wonder stepping to the door she called what's the matter Grace can't you get into your room evidently not laugh Grace it is locked I suppose Mrs Elwood locked it to prevent the nude girls from straying in and taking possession hmm ejaculated Alfreda walking over to the door and examining the keyhole your supposition is all wrong Grace the door is locked from the inside the key is in it then what began Grace yes what quiz Del Frida dryley there was a door to which I had no key quoted Miriam as she joined the group don't tease Miriam returned grace even through the medium of oh Mark I am the key is a reality but there is someone on the other side of that door who doesn't belong there whether she is aware that she is a trespasser I do not know however we shall soon learn Grace rap determinedly on one of the upper panels of the door I'll help you volunteered Alfreda and I agreed Anne my services are needed to said Miriam Nesbitt four fists pounded energetically on the door there's an exclamation the sound of hasty steps the Turning of a key in the lock and the door was flung open facing them so the young woman No taller than Anne whose heavy eyebrows met in the straight line and who looked ready for a battle at the First Ward will you kindly explain the reason for this tumult she said in a freezing voice we were rather noisy admitted Grace but we did not understand why the door should be locked from the inside is it necessary that you should know ask the black route girl severely Grace's clear-cut face flushed I think we are talking at Cost purposes she said quietly the room you were using belongs to my friend Anne Pearson and to me during our freshman year it was ours and when we left here last June it was with the understanding that we should have it again on our return to Overton I know nothing of any Arrangement returned the other girl Crossley the room pleases me consequently I shall retain it kindly refrain from disturbing me father with this significant remark the door was slammed in the faces of the astonished girls a second later the click of the key in the lock told them that Force alone could affect an entrance to the room open that door at once stormed Alfreda beating an angry tattoo on the panel with her clenched fist from the other side of the door came no sound never mind Alfreda said Grace fighting down her anger Mrs Elwood will be here soon there's some misunderstanding about the rooms I'm sure of it see here Grace Harlow you are not going to give up your room to that Beetle proud Anarchist are you demanded Alfreda wrathfully appeal of laughter went up from the three young throats you were the funniest girl I ever knew JL Frieda Briggs remarked Miriam lesbitt between laughs that new girl looks exactly like an anarchist that is like pictures of them I've seen in the newspapers that's why I thought of it too grindel Freda I once saw a picture of an anarchist who blew up a public building and he might have been this Young Person's brother she looks exactly like him stop talking about anarchists and talk about rooms said Anne I must find some place to put my luggage besides time is flying remember we are to be at vinton's at half past six I should say time was flying exclaimed Grace I heard glance at her watch it's ten minutes to six now it will take us 15 minutes to walk to vinton's that leaves 25 minutes in which to get ready there's no hope that the trunks will arrive in time for us to dress said Miriam positively come into our rooms and we'll wash the dust from our hands and faces and do our hair over again all right agreed Grace casting a long glance at the closed door we'll have to put our bags in your room too I don't wish to leave them in the hall for unwary students to stumble over bring them along return Miriam no one shall accuse us of in hospitality I wish Mrs Elwood were here Grace looked worried we mustn't stay at vinton's later than half past seven o'clock there are so many little things to be attended to as well as the important question of our room arriving at vinton's at exactly half past six o'clock they found Arlene Thayer and Ruth Denton waiting for them at a table on which were covers laid for six we've been waiting for ages exclaimed Arlene but you said half past six and it is only one minute past that now reminded Grace showing Arlene her watch of course you were on time laugh the little girl I should have explained that I'm hungry that is why I speak in ages instead of minutes your explanation is accepted proclaimed Alfreda screwing her face into a startling resemblance to a fussy instructor in freshman trigonometry and using his exact words the ready laughter proclaimed instant recognition of the unfortunate professor you can look like anyone you choose can't you Alfreda said Arlene admiringly I think your imitations of people are wonderful nothing very startling about them remarked the Stout girl lightly I'd give all my ability to make faces to be able to sing even America through once and keep on the key I can't sing and never could when I was a little girl in school the teachers never would let me sing with the rest of the children because I led them all off key it was very nice at the beginning of the term and I sang with the other children anywhere from Once to half a dozen times never longer than that I had the strongest voice in the room and whatever note I sang the rest of the children sang it was Dreadful finished Alfredo reminiscently it must have been agreed Miriam Nesbitt can you remember how you looked when you were little elf reader I don't have to tax my brain to remember answered Alfreda Ma has photographs of mid every age from six months up to date to satisfy your curiosity however her face hardened until it took on the Stony expression of the new student who would lock Grace out for a room I will state that the anarchist the anarchist exclaimed Grace and Miriam together what are you two talking about asked Ruth Denton about the anarchist teased Miriam wait until you see her you have seen her laugh Grace Alfreda just imitated her to Perfection thereupon great related their recent unpleasant experience to Arlene Andrews what are you going to do about it asked Arlene we will see Mrs Elwood as soon as we return to Wayne Hall and asked her to gently but firmly request to Anarchist to move elsewhere why'd you call her the anarchist r starlene Alfreda please repeat your imitation requested Miriam her black eye sparkling with fun Alfreda complied obediently you understand now don't you laughed Grace I should be very stupid if I didn't declared Arlene of course she's dark with eyebrows an inch wide you can't expect me to give an imitation of anything like that apologized Alfreda I think I should recognize her on site smiled Ruth Denton where Mars off our original subject remarked Grace Alfreda hasn't told us how she looked as a child all right I'll tell you now volunteer JL Frieda graciously I had round staring blue eyes and a fat face I wore my hair down my back in cars that is when it was done up on Carla's the night before I had red cheeks and was ashamed of them and my stocky Squier shouldered figure was anything but still flake I was not beautiful but I was very well satisfied with myself and to call me fatty was to offer me deadly insult that is about as much as I can remember finish the Stout girl really Alfreda while you were describing yourself I could fairly See You Smile Darlene now it's your turn reminded Alfreda I imagine you were a cunning little girl Arlene flushed at the implied compliment father used to call me Daffy Down Dilly she began my hair was much lighter than it is now but it has always been curly I'm afraid I used to be very vain for I'd love to stand and smile at myself in the mirror simply because I like my yellow cars and was fascinated with my own smile no one told me I was vain her mother died when I was a baby and even my governess laughed to see me worship my own reflection when I was 12 years old father engaged a different governess who was different from the others she was a widow and had to support herself she was highly educated and one of the sweetest women I have ever known when she took charge of me I was a faint stupid little Tyrant but she soon made me over she remained with me until I entered a prep school then an uncle whom she had never seen died and left her some money she's coming to Overton to see me someday Overton is her alma mater too your next Grace nodded Ruth there isn't much to tell about me began Grace I was a tomboy of Oakdale I'd love to climb trees and play baseball and marbles I was thin as a latch and like Live Wire my face was rather thin too and I remember I cried a whole afternoon because of her girl at school called me sorcerise there wasn't a suspicion of curl in my hair and I wore it in two braids I never thought much about myself because I was always too busy after ever falling in with suspicious looking characters and bringing them home to be fed mother used to throw up her hands and despair at the acquaintances I made then too I had a propensity for bestowing my personal possessions on those who in my opinion needed them mother and I were not always of the same opinion I wore my everyday coat to church for a whole winter as a punishment for having given away my best one without consorting her with me it was a case of ACT first and think afterward I don't believe I was particularly mischievous but I had a habit of diving into things that getting mother in a state of constant apprehension father used Laugh at My pranks and our mother not to worry about me he used to declare that no matter into what I plunged I would land right side up with care I was never at the head of my classes in school but I was never at the foot of them I was what one might call a happy medium my little girl life was a very happy one and fall to the broom with all sorts of pleasant happenings I never heard you say so much about yourself before Grace observed Alfreda I'm usually too much interested in other people's Affairs to think of my own laughed Grace I've never heard Anne say much about her childhood either she must have had all sorts of interesting experiences mine were more exciting than Pleasant return down practically speaking I was brought up in the theater and knew a great deal more about things theatrical than I did about dolls and childish games I was a solemn looking little thing and wore my hair bobbed and tied up with a ribbon I never cried about the things that most children cry over but I would stand in the wings and weep by the hour over the pathetic parts of the different plays we put on father was a character man in a stock company we lived in New York City and I used to frequently go to the theater with him my father wished me to become a professional but my mother was opposed to it when I was 16 I played in a company for a short time then mother and sister and I went to Oakdale to live and the nicest part of my life began there I met Grace and Miriam and two other girls who are among my dearest friends nothing very exciting has ever happened to me and even though I have appeared before the public I haven't as much to tell as the rest of you have but countless things must have happened to you in the theater persisted Arlene looking curiously atan not so many as you might imagine replied Anne then she said quickly maybe it must have been an interesting little girl I was a very haughty young person answered Miriam in the Oakdale grammar school I was known as a princess do you remember that Grace nodded Miriam used to order the girls in her room about as though they were her subjects she declared she had two long black braids of hair and her cheeks were always pink she was the tallest girl in her room and the teachers used to say she was the prettiest I was a regular Tyrant when Tom Miriam I had a frightful temper I was a snob too and looked upon girls whose parents were poor with the utmost contempt Miriam Nesbitt you can't be describing yourself exclaimed Arlene incredulously ask Grace if I'm not giving an accurate description of the Miriam Nesbitt of those days challenged Miriam it isn't fair to ask me fenced Grace you always invited me to your parties there you can draw your own conclusions for torted Miriam triumphantly I don't object to telling about my past shortcomings as I have at last outgrown a few of my disagreeable traits will you and Grace friends then ask Darlene we played together and went to each other's houses but we were never very chummy exclaimed Grace we were both too headstrong and too fond of our own way to be close friends it was after we entered high school that we began to find out that we liked each other wasn't it Miriam yes return Miriam looking affectionately at her friend in two sentences Grace is effectuately bridged a yawning Gap in Miriam's early high school days of which the latter was heartily ashamed everyone has told a tale but Ruth declared Alfreda now Ruth what do you have to say for yourself not much said Ruth shaking her head so far my life has been to greater one recording that is up to the time I came to Overton she added smiling gratefully on the little circle my freshman year was a very happy one thanks to you girls but when he were a child you must have had a few good times that stand out in your memory persisted Alfreda Ruth's face took on a haunted expression her mouth set in hard Lines no she said shortly there was nothing worth remembering perhaps I'll tell you someday but not now please don't think me hateful and disob lighting to I don't wish to talk of myself Arlene Thayer eyed Ruth with displeasure I don't see why you should say that Ruth we've all talked of ourselves she said coldly Ruth flushed deeply she felt the note of censure in Arlene's voice I think we better go announce Grace Consulting her watch it is now half past seven we ought to be at Wayne Hall by eight o'clock you know the Herculean labor I have before me Herculean labor is a good name for our coming task chuckle Dan the anarchist will make Wayne Hall Astound with her vengeful cries when she is thrust out of her room with all her possessions jesting light-heartedly over the coming encounter the diner strolled out of vinton's and down College Street in the direction of the campus Arlene was the first to leave them her good night to the four girls from Wayne Hall was cordial in the extreme but to Ruth she was almost distant a little later on they said good night to Ruth who looked ready to cry cheer up comforted Grace who was walking with Ruth Arlene will be all right tomorrow I hope so responded Ruth mournfully I did not mean to make her angry only there are some things of which I cannot speak to anyone I understand rejoined Grace wondering what Ruth's secret cross was good night Ruth Alfred and Miriam and Anne paid Ruth's good night in turn now for the tug of war declared Alfredo as they hurried up the steps of Wayne Hall onto the battlefield and down with the anarchist end of chapter 2. recording by Ashley Jane Chapter 3 of Grace Harlow's second year at Overton College by Jesse gray and flower this Liberty Fox recording is in the public domain chapter 3 Mrs L wood to the rescue as Grace approached the curtained archway that divided the living room from the hall she could not help wishing that she might have settled the affair without Mrs Elwood's assistance she was not afraid to approach Mrs alboard who was the soul of good nature but Grace disliked the idea of the scene that she felt sure would follow the young woman now occupying the room that she and Anne had re-engaged for their sophomore year would contest their right to occupy it Mrs Elwood would be obliged to set her foot down firmly it would all be extremely disagreeable Grace reflected then the memory of the Amicus glaring incivility returned and without further hesitation Grace walked into the living room followed by her companions Mrs Elwood who was sitting in her favorite chair reading a magazine looked up absently then staring incredulously at the newcomers trotted across the room both hands outstretched and welcome why Miss Harlow and Miss Nesbitt I'd given you up for tonight here and Miss Pearson and Miss Briggs too I'm so glad to see you when did you arrive I thought there was no train from the north before nine o'clock didn't miss Dean tell you we had arrived asked Grace and Mrs Elwood shook hands in turn with each girl I haven't seen Miss Dean she went out before I came home replied Mrs Elwood wait until we catch the faithless Emma threatened Dan she promised to be our Herald we arrived here at a little after five o'clock we did not stay here long for Miss Thayer of Morton House invited us to dinner at vinton's how do you like the way I fixed your room this year asked Mrs Elwood we haven't been in it yet answered Grace that is we only went as far as the door oh then you must see it at once said Mrs L wood briskly I have had it repapered there's a new rug on the floor too and I've put a new Morris chair in and taken out one of the cane seated chairs no wonder that Anarchist refuses to vacate matad Alfreda what did you say my dear remarked Mrs Elwood Amy ugly oh I was just talking nonsense overd Alfreda solemnly I won't keep you girls out of your rooms any longer I know you must be tired from your long journey come upstairs at once Mrs Elwood had already crossed the room or was out in the hall her foot on the first steps of the stairs the girls exchanged glances there was a half smothered chuckle from Alfreda then Grace hurried after their good-natured landlady wait a minute Mrs Elwood began Grace I have something to tell you before you go upstairs this afternoon when we arrived it went directly to our rooms the door of our room was locked we knocked repeatedly and it was at last opened by a young woman who said the room was hers and refused to allow us to enter it during this brief recital Mrs Elwood looked first amazed and then incredulous her final expression was one of lively displeasure and with the exclamation I might have known it she marched upstairs with her heir of a Grenadier the girls filing in her wake porting before the door she listened intently the sound of someone moving within could be heard distinctly Mrs L would rap sharply on the door the footsteps halted after a few seconds the sound began again she thinks we've come back whispered Alfreda so we have smiled Grace with reinforcements her smile was reflected on the faces of her friends Mrs Elwood however did not smile the two red spots burned high on her cheeks her little blue eyes snapped again she knocked this time accompanying the action with open this door instantly Mrs Elwood wishes to speak with you do not imagine that you can gain entrance to this room through any such pretense announce the contemptuous voice on the other side of the door I believe I stated that I did not wish to be disturbed and I states that you must open the door commanded Mrs Elwood you were not addressing one of the students this is Mrs Elwood a grating of the key in the lock followed then the door was cautiously opened far enough to allow a scowling head to be Thrust out the instant that Amicus Narrows eyes rested on Mrs Elwood her belligerent manner changed she swung the door wide remarking in cold apology very pardon me Mrs Elwood I believe that a number of rude ill-bred young women whom I had The Misfortune to encounter earlier in the day were renewing their attempts to annoy me there are no such young women at Wayne Hall retorted Mrs Elwood who was thoroughly angry the majority of young women here were with me last year and not one of them answers your description really miss Atkins you must know that you are trespassing this room belongs to miss Harlow and Miss Pearson it was theirs last year and they arranged with me last June to occupy it again during their sophomore year how you happen to be here is more than I can say I believe I gave you the room at the end of the hall the room to which Drew assigned me did not meet my approval was the calm reply I prefer this room you can't have it returned Mrs Elwood decisively but I insist upon remaining where I am persisted the intruder if necessary I will allow Miss Harlow or her roommate to occupy the other half of the room I have told you that you cannot have the room exclaimed Mrs Elwood eyeing her obstinate antagonist with growing disfavor if you do not wish to take the room at the end of the hall and I have nothing else in the house to offer you no doubt you can find board to suit you in some other house I wish to stay here return the anarchist stubbornly let Miss Harlow have the room at the end of the hall sherik's aspiration held Mrs Elwood silent for a moment the anarchist appeared defiantly at her from under her bushy brows she made no move toward vacating the room of which she could so poorly taken possession we'll go for our parks and suitcases Mrs Elwood suggested Grace wickedly we left them in Miriam's room very well returned the Intrepid landlady your room will be ready for you when you return that is what I call a stroke of Genius on your part Grace marked Miriam as they entered her room Mrs Elwood can deal with the anarchist more summarily without an audience it must be very humiliating for that Miss Atkins musan but it's her own fault of course it's our own fault emphasized Alfreda she doesn't appear to know when the pleasure of her company is requested elsewhere should we go now I'll Stand lifting her heavy suitcase Preparatory to moving not yet counseled Grace we must give her time enough to get out of sight before we appear Alfreda boldly took up her station at the door and reported Faithfully the enemy's movements after a 20 minutes wait the Stout girl closed the door with a ban exclaiming triumphantly she's gone she paraded down hall carrying her goods and chattels Mrs Elwood stalked behind carrying a hat box she looked like an avenging Angel hurry up now and move in before the anarchist changes her mind and comes back to take possession all over again Grace and Anne lost no time in taking alfreda's advice five minutes later they were back in their old room stay here while girls invited Grace Miriam and Alfreda had assisted their friends with their luggage how nice your room looks phrased Miriam I like that wallpaper just so dainty your favorite blue too Grace I wonder if Mrs L wood knew that blue was your color I suppose so returned Grace two-thirds of my clothes are blue you know I must run downstairs and thank her for championing our course I won't be gone five minutes we must go declared Miriam we are going to begin unpacking tonight running lightly down the stairs Grace thrust her head between the portiers that separated the living room from the hall Mrs Elwood sat reading her magazine as placidly as though nothing had happened within the last hour to disturb her equanimity thank you ever so much Mrs Elwood said Grace gratefully walking up to the dignified matron and shyly offering her hand nonsense child was the reply you have nothing for which to thank me you don't suppose I would allow a new border to infringe upon their rights and my old girls do you no admitted Grace I'm sorry that things had to happen that way she added regretfully don't you worry about it anymore Miss Harlow comforted the older woman it's nothing you were to blame for you had the first right to the room I gave this girl Miss gaines's old room her roommate is to be a freshman too she hasn't arrived yet miss Atkins decided to pick out her own room I imagine evidently she took a fancy to yours as soon as you girls had gone she gave me an awful look gathered up her belongings and went to the other room without another word I picked up two or three things she dropped and carried them down for her I wouldn't be sorry if she went to some other house to board she looks like a troublemaker Grace was of the same opinion but did not say so always eager to excuse other people's shortcomings she found it hard to account for the feeling of strong dislike that had risen within her during the first encounter with the young woman Alfreda had laughingly named the anarchist she had hoped that The Four Freshmen at Wayne Hall would regards whom it would be a pleasure to know she had looked forward to meeting these newcomers and to assisting them in whatever ways you could best give help now at least one of her Castles in the Air had been built in vain perhaps we may like Miss Atkins after we know her better she said trying hard to keep the doubt she felt out of her voice Mrs Elwood shook her head I hope she will improve on acquaintance but I doubt it it isn't my principle my dear to speak slightly of any student in my house but I am certain that this is not the last time I shall have to lay down the law of Wayne Halt and Miss Atkins at this plane speaking Grace flushed but said nothing she understood that Mrs Elwood's words had been spoken in confidence I'm so glad to see you again Mrs Elwood she smiled bent on changing the subject and I'd see you my dear was the hearty response I've missed my old Dale girls this summer after a few moments conversation Grace said good night and went slowly upstairs in spite of her satisfaction at being back at Overton she could not repress a sigh of regret over the recent unpleasantness the unforeseen always happens she reflected pausing for a moment on the top step I hope that Anarchist will stay put this time she laughs softly the idea of the anarchist standing stiff and stationary in her new room then the ridiculous side of the encounter Dawning on her she sat down on the stairs and gave way to sudden silent laughter what did Mrs Elwood say asked Anna's Grace entered the room I'm afraid Mrs Elwood is not and never will be an admirer of the anarchist said Grace seriously speaking she is half inclined to ask her to leave Wayne Hall she believes she will have further trouble with her perhaps we should have waited we might have tried later to gain possession of our room added Grace doubtfully and shook her head we would be waiting still if we'd attempted to settle matters without Mrs Elwood it seems too bad to begin one sophomore year so unpleasantly all summer I had been planning how helpful I would try to be to entering freshmen and this is the way my Splendid Visions have materialized grayside and rather dejectedly never mind Sue's Dan by tomorrow this little unpleasantness will have completely blown over perhaps the anarchist and smart over the title Alfreda had bestowed upon the disturbing freshman will discover that she can make friends more quickly by being Pleasant she may reform overnight stranger things have happened but nothing of that sort will happen in her case declared Grace you said just a moment ago if it hadn't been for Mrs Elwood we will still be out in the hall clamoring for a room didn't you I did smile then that was equivalent to accusing the anarchist of stubbornness wasn't it it was very well if she is however stubborn as I believe her to be she won't be different tonight tomorrow or for a very long time afterward end of chapter three recording by Ashley Jane chapter 4 of Grace Harlow's second year at Overton College by Jessie Graham flower this LibriVox recording is in the public domain chapter 5 the belated freshman the first thing I shall do this morning after breakfast is to unpack announced Grace Harlow with decision as she gave her hair a long Pat Preparatory to going downstairs to breakfast last year I was so excited over what studies I intended to take and meeting new girls that I am packed by fits and starts it was weeks before I knew where to find things but I've reformed now I'm going to put every last article in place before I set foot outside Wayne Hall do you wish to use a shift veneer or the bureau this year and for your things the chiffonaire I think replied Anne after Drew reflection I haven't as much to stow away as you have it will do nicely for me there goes the breakfast Bell exclaimed Grace come along Anne I'm hungry besides I'd like the same seat at the table that I had last year outside their door they were joined by Miriam and Alfreda and the four friends stopped to talk before going downstairs were you haunted by nightmares in which glowing Anarchist pranced about asked Miriam her eyes twinkling no replied Grace I slept too soundly even to dream I dreamed that I went into the register's office to get my Chapel card began Alfreda impressively when she handed it to me it was three times larger than the others on it in Big Red Letters was printed that Anarchist her card I thought I handed it back to her and tried to explain that I wasn't an anarchist because I had neither bushy eyebrows nor a scowl she just sat and glared at me saying over and over look in your mirror look in your mirror until I grew so angry I threw the card at her it hit her and she fell backward that frightened me although it seems so strange to little light piece of pasteboard could strike with such Force I tried to lift her but she grew heavier and heavier then yes then into posed Miriam I awoke in time to save myself from landing on the floor with a thump our freedom has took me for the registrar she was walking in her sleep of course I didn't mean to apologize to Alfreda you know that don't you marry him I can't help walking in my sleep I've done it ever since I was a little girl I forgive you but you must promise not to dream laughed Miriam otherwise I am likely to find myself out the window or being dropped gently downstairs while you dream daily on regardless of what happens to your long-suffering roommate as I entered the dining room several girls already seated at the table welcomed them with joyful salutations it was at least 10 minutes before anyone settled down to breakfast Grace observed was secret relief that Miss Atkins was not at the table the three freshmen who were to fill the last available places in Wayne Hall had not yet arrived during breakfast a cease the stream of Mary chatter flowed on everyone wished to tell her neighbor about her vacation of what she intended to take during the fall term or of how impossible it was to get hold of her trunk then there was a usual amount of wondering as to why The Four Freshmen hand appeared one of them is here that ish is in the house remarked Alfreda she is exclaimed Emma Dean opening her eyes I didn't see her yesterday you were consoling your homesick cousin so how could you know what went on here reminded Grace it had been decided that nothing should be said regarding the events of the previous day so I was said Emma she made me think of Longfellows rainy day she looked so dark and dreary what a unique comparison chirped a wider weight sophomore that will be so appropriate for the Freshman grind book it is our turn this year exalted Alfreda I shall be on the lookout for good material too I know one freshman who will be a candidate for honors who inquired Emma Dean curiously Grace looked appealingly at the Stout girl a slight shake of her head reassured her Alfreda abandoned her intention of mentioning names and paradama's question so cleverly that the latter became interested in something else and forgot that she had asked it the instant she had finished her breakfast Grace reannounced her intention of unpacking her trunk and Rose to leave the table and followed her a curious smile on her face the majority of the girls Rose from the table at the same time or immediately after and went their various ways now declared Grace energetically I'm going to begin my labor what did you say you were going to do asked Anne innocently unpack my trunk I why I haven't had any chunked one pack I've slammed Grace in bewilderment then catching sight of Anne's mirthful face she sprang forward caught on by her shoulders and shook her playfully and Pierce a new bad child you heard me make all my plans for unpacking he actually wouldn't remind me that my trunk was still at the station I couldn't resist keeping still and allowing you to plan confess Dan what a joke that would be for the grind book yes wouldn't it though agreed gray sarcastically however we're not freshmen and as my roommate I strictly forbid you to publish my stupidity broadcast having the unpacking fever in my veins I shall console myself with unpacking my bag and suitcase I'll keep up wishing for my trunk and perhaps it will come Grace walked to the window she leaned out peering anxiously down the road then with a cry of delight she exclaimed come here Anne and walked obediently to the window tell me Sister Anne do you see anything quoted Grace you are saved Fatima returned and dramatically it is an Express wagon gray started out of her door and down the stairs meeting the expressman on The Veranda her trunk on his shoulder and having notified Alfreda and Miriam that the trunks had arrived went downstairs to look after hers now I can carry out my plan off after all declared Grace with great satisfaction he who laughs last laughs best you know she added slightly before unpacking first find your trunk retorted Anne thank goodness we don't have to think about entrance examinations this year said Grace as she knelt before her trunk fitting the key to the lock yes it does make a considerable difference for Turn Down we shall have more time to ourselves besides we won't have to worry our heads off the first week about whether we survived or perished the sound of an automobile horn caused Grace to run to the window it's the bus she cried Three Strange girls are getting out of it evidently our freshmen have arrived that tall looking girl looks interesting one of them is as Stout as Alfreda the little girl is cunning I think I like her the best of the three oh dear she exclaimed ruthfully hastily drawing back from the window she looked straight up and saw me standing here what will she think of me you shouldn't be so curious T Stan I know admitted Grace I'm not over curious as a rule I hope the tall girl is to room with the amarcus she looks capable of keeping her in order that task will no doubt be handed over to you said Anne who had been making rapid progress in unpacking while Grace had been occupied in looking over the newcomers you'd better get your own packing done so that you'll be ready for it the task I mean Grace sat down before her trunk with a little impatient sigh for the space of an hour the two girls worked rapidly almost in silence both trunks had been emptied and the greater part of their content stored away when the sound of an angry protesting voice outside the door caused them to look at each other wonderingly what could have happened asked Anne even as Anne spoke and never to be forgotten for he spoke impressively what you prefer is immaterial to me I prefer to room alone the emphatic closing of a door followed there was a sound of hurrying footsteps on the stairs then all was still end of chapter four recording by Ashley Jane chapter 5 of Grace Harlow's second year at Overton College by Jesse Graham flower this LibriVox recording is in the public domain chapter 5 that Anarchist chooses her roommate it's an anarchist of course said and turning to Grace I wonder who she left roomless in the hall this time speculated grace shall we go and see do you think we're better hesitated Anne yes return Grace boldly to a certain extent we're responsible for the welfare of the freshmen opening the door she looked up and down the hall then with a sudden air of resolution she walked downstairs on the oak seat in the hall looking disconsolently about her sat the cunning freshman that Grace had admired at sight of Grace she sprang toward the sophomore with an eager won't you please tell me why I can find Mrs Elwood I believe she's gone to the market Pride Grace she usually goes at this time every morning can I help you in any way no replied the other girl doubtfully I wish to see Mrs Elwood because her lip quiffered a big tear rolled down her cheek oh I hate college she muttered in a choking voice I wish I hadn't come here I'd go back to the station and take the next train West if I hadn't promised my brother that I'd stay I hate the East and everything in it I know I'm going to be unhappy here with a smile that few people could resist Grace sat down on a seat beside the tearful little stranger I think I know what is troubling you she said gently I cannot help overhearing Miss Atkins a few moments ago I also heard you running downstairs so I came down too to ask if there was anything I could do for you you were very kind faltered the stranger I must wait to see Mrs Elwood but will he tell me your name please oh I beg your pardon for not introducing myself responded Grace contritedly I'm Grace Harlow of the sophomore class my name is Mildred Taylor responded to newcomer I came from the station in the bus a few minutes ago there were two other freshmen with me they seemed to be more fortunate than I the maid showed us to our rooms I supposed of course that I would have to room with another guy but I didn't think she paused I know sympathize Grace I heard what was said to you at least a part of it won't you come upstairs to our room and meet my roommate Miss Pearson it is very thoughtful in you to take so much trouble for me replied The Freshman gratefully that is part of our plan here at Overton laughed Grace when I was a lonely bewildered freshman several of the upper class girls made it their business to look out for my comfort now it is my turn to pass that kindness along what a nice way to look at things exclaimed Mildred Taylor if I thought the rest of the girls in the college were going to be like you I'd be ready to love Overton oh you will love Overton was Grace's quick reply you can't help yourself and receive the floor newcomer with a sweet courtesy that's quite Charmed her we're in the midst of our unpacking she explained our trunks came only a little while ago once you take off your hat and coat and I'll leave Miss Taylor in your care declared Grace please excuse me I'll be back directly she nodded encouragingly to their guest at the door of Miriam's room Grace knocked softly then in answer to the impatient come in entered to find Alfreda standing in the midst of an extended Circle formed by her possessions isn't this enough to discourage the most valiant heart she declared with a comprehensive sweep of her arm over the scattered contents of her trunk so I'm going to clear everything away I promise Miriam that my half of the room should be kept decently and in order all year it is one of myself more obligations Grace listened in Amusement to the Stout girls Earnest assertion I haven't finished unpacking either she said I came for advice The Freshman who was to occupy the other half of Miss Atkins room has arrived and Miss Atkins won't let her into the room I just brought her upstairs to my room last night I talked to Mrs Elwood she isn't particularly anxious to have Miss Atkins in the house one Miss Taylor that is the name of the Freshman who just came tells her about what happened she will ask Miss Atkins to leave Wayne Hall the girl has brought with her to Overton the worst possible spirit in which to begin her freshman year of course we don't know whether she is Rich or poor or whether her success or failure in college means anything to anyone besides herself we cannot know under what circumstances she has been brought up perhaps she has someone at home who is straining every nerve to send her to college perhaps as a father mother sister or brother who has made Untold sacrifices to give her a college education perhaps there's been no lack of money only a desire on the part of parents or a guardian to get rid of her by sending her off to school I believe Rialto tried to help this girl in spite of her rudeness to us will you go with me to her room I want to talk to her we may find her in a better humor than she was in last night while Anne entertains Miss Taylor you and I will venture into the domain of the anarchist Argo agreed Alfreda secretly flattered because Grace had chosen her Grace led the way down hall to the end room a sulky voice responded to her knock and throwing open the door the two girls stepped inside the belligerent freshman sat bolt up right in the Morris chair forbidding and implacable how'd you do said Grace politely I hope we are not intruding the young woman merely scowled by a way of answer I wonder how I better begin pondered Grace looking squarely into the Hostile eyes Alfreda stood calmly surveying the scowl and gar you might ask us to sit down she observed impertinently the young woman glanced at the Stout girl with an expression of angry amazement alfreda's rudeness was equal to her own I beg your pardon she said satirically won't you be seated oh no I just wanted to hear you say it flung back Alfreda ignoring the retort Miss Atkins turned to Grace what do you wish she asked with cold Precision I'm sorry to be obliged to tell you that if you do not allow Miss Taylor to occupy her half of the room you were likely to be asked to leave Wayne Hall said Grace Gravely Mrs Elwood was displeased over what happened last night and I know that when she learns of what has happened today she will not Overlook it we do not wish to see you leave Wayne Hall and besides the various College houses are filling fast you might have difficulty in securing a desirable room elsewhere is there not any reason why I should not occupy this room alone none whatever if you arranged for a single beforehand into posed Alfreda shrudely if you did I can't see why Mrs L would consented to take Miss Taylor I did not arrange for a single room was a stiff response then you haven't any case have you queried Alfreda cheerfully now see here I'm going to tell you a few things you are beginning all wrong it is just what I did last year and I had a pretty disagreeable time you may rest assured the best thing you can do is tell Miss Taylor to come and claim her half of the room before anything happens to you if you leave Wayne Hall sooner or later the whole College will hear of it and it won't help you to be popular either it is easy enough to do as you please regardless of whether or not it pleases others but you are bound to pay for the privilege if you don't believe me just wait and see a flush mounted to the defiant stranger's cheeks public opinion is usually a matter of small importance to me she said but her tone of lofty indifference was not convincing there is however a certain amount of wisdom in what you have just said I should not care to appear ridiculous in the eyes of the really important students at Overton you may inform Miss Taylor that I have altered my decision I shall raise no further objections to her as a roommate with a pompous gesture of dismissal the self-centered young woman Rose and walked majestically to the window turning her back squarely upon Grace and Alfreda she appeared to be deeply absorbed in watching what went on in the street and divided between vexation and laughter the two girls left the room Alfredo hurried back to her unpacking and graced her own room it is all right Miss Taylor your roommate is prepared to receive you Grace announced I should glad to have some place I can call all my own side the little girl but I know I shall never like her she added resentfully on the contrary you may learn to like her very much returned Grace now I'll help you with your things picking up Miss Taylor's heavy suitcase Grace escorted her to the door of the end room how did it happen greeted Anne when five minutes later Grace returned alone smiling and triumphant don't ask me laugh Grace ask Alfreda she wrote The Miracle what did she do ask Dan she won the day of rather the half of the room by plane speaking Grace for County to and what had taken place in the belligerent young woman's room she made more impression on an anarchist in five minutes than I could have made in a week Finnish Grace Alfreda has a remarkable personality was Anne's thoughtful answer her very frankness makes an impression why diplomacy counts for little however I'm not surprised that history repeated itself so soon I hope this is the last time we should be obliged to thwart the anarchist and administer Justice to the oppressed I don't tame V Miss Taylor said Anne I wish every girl in college had As Nice a roommate as I have beware of flatterers laughed great and also of anarchists added an but of the two smiled Grace I prefer flatterers especially if they happen to occupy the other half of my room end of chapter five recording by Ashley Jane chapter 6 of Grace Harlow's second year at Overland College by Jesse Graham flower this LibriVox recording is in the public domain chapter 6 our freedom makes a rash promise how does it feel to be a senior Mabel question Miriam Nesbitt glancing smilingly over where Mabel Ash gowned smartly in white her brown eyes dancing with interest in what went on about her sat eating her dessert and obligingly trying to answer half a dozen questions at once the seven of the girls at the table looked expectantly at the pretty senior who was their hostess at a dinner given by her at martells that Saturday evening oh just the same as it did last year she replied lightly I feel vastly older and a shade more responsible to tell you the truth I hate to think about it I don't know how I'm ever going to get along without Overton I think I shall have to disguise myself and come back next year as a freshman then I could do the whole four years over again the question is what are we going to do next year without you remarked Grace mournfully let us forget all about it advice Mabel I refuse to have any weeps at my dinner you may shed your tears in private but not here what you're going to do when you finish college asked Miriam Nesbitt you girls will laugh when I tell you replied maybe more solemnly but really and truly there's only one thing I care to do I've one father that I intend to be self-supporting so I haven't dare to tell him how I propose to earn my living what you're going to do tell us Mabel we won't tell Francis knows already she thinks it would be fine don't you Francis Francis nodded emphatically I hope to become a newspaper woman solemnly announced Mabel a newspaper woman cried Constance Fuller why I think that would be Dreadful I don't Stout leafford Maple I'd love to be a reporter and go poking into all sorts of places after a while I'd be sent out to write up murder trials and political happenings and oh lots of big stories Mabel beamed on her amazed audience I never would have believed it of you I'm sure you could do it predicted the owner row confidently good for you cried Mabel leaning across the table to shake hands with Leona I have one loyal supporter at least Mabel's declaration having brought to the minds of the little company the fact that sooner or later the choice of an after-college occupation would be necessary a bris discussion began as to what each girl intended to do aside from Anne who had fully determined to stick to her profession and constants who were specializing in English with the intention of one day returning to Overton as an instructor known that the table had a very definite idea of her future usefulness we seem to be a rather purposeless slot remarked Miriam Nesbitt The Trouble with most of us is that we are not obliged to thinking about earning our own living after we leave College we look forward to being ornaments in our own particular social set but nothing more I'm not sure yet what I'm going to do with my education I intend to put it to some practical use though so am I agreed grace we'll just have to keep on doing our best and find ourselves I suppose that is a real purpose of going to college said and thoughtfully I think we are all growing too serious laughed Mabel by the way Grace she went on who is that curious looking little freshman with the Perpetual scowl that lives at Wayne Hall the four Wayne Hall girls exchanged significant glances stop exchanging iMessages and tell me ordered Mabel her name is Atkins return Grace briefly then A peculiar look in her eyes caused me able to say hastily I just wondered who she was and changed the subject as they left Martellus walking two by two Mabel fell into step with Grace slipping her arm through that of the Oakdale girl she said in a low Tone come over to see me tomorrow evening I have something to say to you I almost said it before the girls then I caught your warning looking time come to dinner tomorrow night and stay all evening I promise Faithfully to make you study I have a theme to do replied Grace dubiously do you think there would be any Prospect of my getting it done oceans of it assured Mabel I'll be as still as a mouse while you do it if you need a subject perhaps I can finish the inspiration as long as I intend to become a newspaper woman I might as well begin to spread out a few ideas all right I'll come last Grace did I tell you I was taking chemistry this year I find it very absorbing I liked it too agreed maybe I'm more interested in Psychology though I like my essay and short story work best of all I'm going in for interpretive reading too all that sort of thing will help me in my work when I leave here I wish I knew what I wanted to do side Grace I'd love to begin the plan about it now Till Dawn upon you suddenly someday prophesies Mabel and you will wonder why you never thought of it before the diner strolled along together as far as the campus there Constance Fuller Mabel Francis and Helen Burton left the quartet from Wayne Hall it sadly yet said Alfreda Consulting her watch what time is it Alfreda ask Grace half past eight answered the Stout girl we have plenty of time to study I for one need it my subjects are all frightfully hard I tried to pick out easy ones but did you ever notice that the schedule is so arranged that you can't possibly pick out two easy subjects and recite them both in the same term one always conflicts with the other long experience crafty faculty laughed Miriam they know our weaknesses and how to deal with them the last time we were out to dinner in a body we talked about the past this time it was a future remarked Alfreda that reminds me what has become of Arlene and Ruth I haven't seen either of them this week except at a distance Arlene and Ruth haven't been on friendly terms since the night of Arlene's dinner at vinton's Grace remarked soberly it isn't Ruth's fault she is heartbroken over the estrangement this is the first difference she and Arlene have ever had such a ridiculous thing to quarrel over sniffed Alfreda I could see that night that Arlene was crossed because Ruth didn't want to talk about herself I hope they'll be friends again before the reception said Grace it would be awkward for all of us if they are not oh dear sidan sitting down on the top steps of The Veranda I'm too lazy to look at my books tonight the four girls had reached Wayne Hall and the beauty of the Autumn night made them reluctant to go into the house where an evening of hard study awaited them I'd like to stay out here for hours and look at the stars and have stiff neck and a cold of the front clinging tight tomorrow Jared Alfreda how disgustingly practical you are Alfreda exclaimed Miriam I'm only warning her for sister Del Frida it doesn't seem as though we've been back at Overton for three weeks does it asked Grace it seems longer than that to me said Miriam Nesbitt The Freshman dance happened ages ago according to my Reckoning and nothing absolutely nothing has happened since never mind it won't be long until the sophomore reception comforted Grace I never suspected that you had such a Raby craving for excitement Miriam The Freshman dance was a tame Affair a third Miriam I think our class was more interesting in its infancy than is this year's class I think so too agreed Grace still we don't know what genius lies hidden in the bosoms of 19 something's Freshmen this year we shall be hostesses exalted Alfreda who are you girls are going to invite I'll ask Miss Taylor volunteered Anne I'll ask Miss Wilton said Miriam that's two from Wayne Hall counted Anne there are two freshmen left one of us could invite that nice tall girl Miss Evans planned Grace that leaves only one girl Uninvited she hesitated her three friends read the meaning of the hesitation Alfreda sprang loyally into the breach I'll ask Miss Atkins as she declared stoutly you notice don't you the time not addressing her by her pet name our conductor to the reception and back if she'd accept my manly arm and buy her flowers into the bargain so go ahead and invite Miss Evans Grace J.L Frida Briggs you can never manage that Miss Atkins protested Miriam in the first place she won't accept you as an escort and if she should happen to do so it will be a sorry evening for you I'll take the risk replied Alfreda confidently I managed her once before didn't I you girls go ahead and invite the others leave Miss Atkins to me Arla scored her own Triumph to the reception or perish gallantly in the attempt do you really believe she will accept your invitation Alfreda as Grace doubtfully I can tell you better after I've asked her was Alfred as flippant retort I have an idea that she will feel dreadfully hurt if no one asks her to go heart exclaimed three voices in unison yes heart repeated Alfreda the anarchist isn't half so Savage as she pretends to be that bloodthirsty manner of hers isn't real she puts it on to hide something else but what is it she wishes to hide ask Miriam your deductions are quite Beyond us if I knew I'd tell you I don't pretend to understand her but I can see that she isn't as Fierce as she seems time and I will Solve the Riddle and when we do you'll be the first to hear of it end of chapter 6 recording by Ashley Jane chapter 7 of Grace Harlow's second year at Overton College by Jessie Graham flower this librafox recording is in the public domain chapter 7 girls and their ideals directly after her last class the next day grace hurried to her room to change her gown she looked forward with eager pleasure to her evening with Mae blash she was deeply attracted to the pretty senior who was the best liked girl in college and Grace could not help feeling a trifle proud of Mabel's Frank enjoyment of her Society and knowing Grace was to be away had accepted an invitation to go down to Ruth Denton's little room help her cook supper and spend the evening with her oh dear side Grace so she tried fainly to reach the two hooks of her dark blue charm moose gown that seemed only a sixteenth of an inch Out Of Reach I wish Anne were here I can touch these two hooks with the ends of my fingers but I can't fasten them I'd have to ask Mabel to hook me up when I get to Holland's house giving up in disgust gray slipped into her long blue surge coat carefully adjusted her new fall hat that she had just received from home and catching up her gloves ran downstairs Maple Ash's graceful welcoming figure leaning over the blooster waiting for her was the first thing that attracted her attention as she stepped inside the hall at Holland House come right up invited Mabel we'll have a little while together before dinner did you bring your notebook yes replied Grace remember you were to help me choose a subject for my theme you volunteered you know not until after dinner though if you don't mind sit down here and be comfy this is my pet chair I insist on letting you have it because you were company she gently pushed Grace into a roomy leather covered armchair seating herself opposite Grace Mabel fixed her brown eyes almost Gravely on her now Grace she said earnestly please tell me about this Miss Atkins of Wayne Hall there isn't much to tell replied Grace did you ever see her once we had a little trouble with her our very first day back continued Grace she took possession of our room and refused to give it up then while Mrs Elwood came to our rescue she went to the room that had been assigned to her like a little lamb she felt anything but lamb liked toward me you may believe and one later Mrs Elwood brought up her new roommate she refused to allow her to enter refused to allow her to enter repeated Mabel wanderingly what sort of girl is she Grace I don't know answered Grace doubtfully she is an enigma she speaks the most precise English with absolutely no trace of slang but she looks as though the whole world were her natural enemy Alfreda named the anarchist I'm rather ashamed to say that we call her that behind her back Mabel smiled slightly then asked what did the girl do the one she wouldn't ruin with I mean she went downstairs to wait for Mrs Elwood the reason I know all about it is because that I happened to hear her tell Miss Taylor that's the freshman's name that she would have to go elsewhere I knew Mrs Elwood was out so I went down to see if there was anything I could do for her and she told me all about it I knew Mrs Elwood would be out of patience with Miss Atkins and ask her to leave Wayne Hall Grace paused what happened next asked Mabel interestedly I told Miss Taylor I would try to fix things for her I went upstairs and plotted with Alfreda then she and I bearded the dragon in her Den after I had finished telling her that it would be better to take Little Miss Taylor without father bickering Alfreda Rose to the occasion and gave her a much needed lecture she is very shrewd I think she evidently realized she had gone too far she objected to Miss Taylor because it is her nature to object to everything when she saw that we had taken up the Cuddles in Miss Taylor's behalf and that she was likely to get into hot water she decided to accept her as a roommate without further opposition that's the whole story she must be eccentric and very disagreeable commented Mabel what made you go to such pains to save her from the wrath of Mrs Elwood I suppose I felt sorry for her confessed Grace she's beginning her freshman year in the worst possible spirit but as I said to the girls not long ago we did not know what lies back of her disagreeable manner why are you so interested in hearing about her Mabel she's making herself the subject of considerable censure among the Juniors and seniors by snubbing the girls of her own class and calmly announcing that she wishes to make only powerful and influential friends in college returned Mabel you know of course the attitude of the old students towards freshmen this Miss act can see the laboring under the impression that she is an exception to a tradition or else she has no sense of the fitness of things at first I'm sorry to say a few of the seniors looked upon her as a joke but the reaction has set in and like Humpty Dumpty she is going to take a great fall when she does all the king's horses and All the King's Men won't be of any assistance to her in getting her back from where she tumbled I don't believe she realizes that she is making herself ridiculous I was at Clinton's last Saturday afternoon Jesse Meredith invited another senior and me to luncheon there imagine our surprise when a prim precised it her figure marched up to our table and seated herself as calmly associated with the president of the senior class there's room for four at those tables you know and we had not reserved hours still there were plenty of other tables at which you might have seated herself it was rather embarrassing for all of us but it was worse when she tried to break into the conversation she insisted on expounding her views on whatever we discussed we were compelled to cut short our luncheon and flee to martells for dessert we escaped at the moment the waitress was serving her luncheon so she couldn't very well rise and pursue us if I had been alone I might have stayed but Jesse was disgusted and I was just as guest Grace had listened to Mabel's recital with troubled eyes I never before knew a girl quite like Miss Atkins she said slowly what is it you wish me to do for her Mabel why is Young sophomore laughed Mabel how did you guess it you were not given to footless gossip replied Grace quietly besides I live at Wayne Hall cleverer and cleverer commented the senior in mock admiration this is my idea I hope that being in the same house with her you might be able to guide her gently along the beaten Trail made by girls like you however after what you've told me I'm afraid you were not the one to do it I haven't a particle of influence with her said Grace sobly you must know that from what I've already told you yes I do know it answered Mabel is there anyone at Wayne Hall who would be likely to have the right kind of influence No Gray shook her head doubtfully then she suddenly brightened there's one person who might help her Alfredo is going to invite her to the sophomore reception she doesn't wish to do it I know although she hasn't said so please don't think we conceited but how Freda will do anything for me she fancies herself under obligation to me on account of what happened last year Grace added in an embarrassed tone Grace Harlow exclaimed Mabel delightedly I believe we have solved our problem JL Frieda is a very one to make Miss Atkins wake up from what is expected from her at Overton will you talk with her about it and ask her if she is willing to try I'll tell her tonight promise Grace I'm sure she'll try she is not afraid to tackle Miss Atkins either or she wouldn't have invited her to the reception then that settled for the time being at least declared Mabel jubiantly just in time for dinner too there goes the Bell after dinner more conversation followed it was eight o'clock before Grace remembered her theme what shall I write about she demanded you promised to supply the inspiration so I will return Mabel cheerfully why don't you write about she paused frowning slightly after all my faunted promises I'm not able to suggest anything on the spur of the moment she confessed laughingly why don't you take some incident in your own life or write that of your friends and write a story about it she proposed after a moment's silence I don't believe I could ever write a story confess Grace I think I'll write a little discussion about girls and their ideals that sounds interesting commented Mabel go ahead with it you may sit at this table if you like Grace seated herself nibbled at the end of her fountain pen reflectively then began to write Mabel visit herself with her own work at last Grace shoved aside the closely written sheets of paper it's done she cried in a triumphant voice now we can talk may I read it ask Mabel of course if you wish to laugh great it isn't worth the trouble though Mabel picked up the theme and began to read Grace Rose and strolling over to the bookcase fouled to examining the various bindings her friends flattering comment it Splendid Grace I had no idea you could write so well caused her to look up in Surprise from the book she held in her hand I don't think it is very remarkable she contradicted it hasn't a shred of literary Style it's convincing argued Mabel that is because I felt strongly on my subject when it comes to anything that lies near my heart I'm always convincing father says I put up the most convincing argument for anyone he knows smart Grace he always declares he is waxed in my hands I hope you will make a visit to meet my father and mother Mabel she added I surely will promise Mabel we must correspond after I leave College I wish you could go home with me for one of the holiday vacations can't you manage it I'm afraid not this year returned Grace doubtfully father and mother won't object but they missed me so during the year that I feel as though my holidays belong to them I'm an only child you know so am I return Mabel I'm extremely popular with my father if I can tear myself away from him to make you a visit surely you ought to be equally public spirited I think it over laughed Grace oh dear she exclaimed a moment later glanced in at the little French clock on the chiffonir I must go to 20 minutes to 10 how the time has slipped away thank you bowed Mabel such appreciation of my Society is gratifying in the extreme I'll invite you again see that you do retorted Grace have you any engagement for Saturday afternoon if you haven't I suppose we have lunch and at vinton's then we can go for a long walk we can stay out all afternoon stop at the tea shop for supper and come home on a street car or walk in if we choose we might ask Francis and Anne to join us Miriam and Alfreda are going out for a ride Miriam has got a horse here this year she had her choice between a horse and a Runabout and she took the horse the moment Alfreda found out she had one she wrote home about it now she has a riding horse too I had my own pet Mount Elixir here during my freshman and sophomore years the latter part of my second year I didn't take him out enough to exercise him so I ordered him sent home here's a beauty jet black with the three cornered white spot in the middle of his forehead his narabian and father paid an extravagant price for him he shakes hands and does ever so many tricks that I taught him when you go home with me you shall see him I'd love to have a riding horse confess Grace but father can't afford it I never asked him but I know he can't we have no car either make a visit and you can ride Elixir every day drive Mabel I'd love that exclaimed Grace fervently as she slipped into her coat and settled her heart firmly on her fluffy hair good night Mabel come and see me soon don't forget our Saturday walk I'll go to the door with you announced Mabel no I won't forget her walk I'll tell Francis about it tomorrow before she has a chance to make other plans she's a popular young person and Elusive in the matter of dates there are others retorted Grace with a significant glance at her friend so there are agreed Mabel innocently on the way home Grace wondered if there were any way in which he might help Laura Atkins true to her promise she went at once to interview Alfreda on the subject of The Eccentric freshman she found Miriam and the Stout guard busily engaged in trying to put together a puzzle that Alfreda had and asked in the toy department of one of the Overton stores that afternoon puzzles were the Delight of alfreda's heart but once brought together they immediately ceased to be of interest this is a wonder she exclaimed at sight of Grace it is worth having neither Miriam nor I can put it together I have a hard one for you to tackle smiled Grace then she recounted her conversation with Mabel Ash you have altogether too much faith in my powers of persuasion grumbled Alfreda secretly pleased nevertheless but that is much better than if we had no faith at all reminded Grace end of chapter seven according by Ashley Jane chapter 8 of Grace Harlow's second year at Overton College by Jesse Graham flower this LibriVox recording is in the public domain chapter 8 the invitation the next morning Grace made a startling Discovery it was directly after breakfast that she made it having 15 minutes to spare before going to her first recitation she decided to reread her theme what one wrote always read differently after one had slept over it what's in clever at night might be very commonplace when read in The Cold Light of the morning Grace reached for the book in which she had placed her theme it was not there going down on her knee she looked first under the table then under the chiffonia then turned over the books on the table then darting to the closet searched the pockets of her long coat where can it be she cried despairingly I'm sure I had it when I came into the Hall last night I couldn't have lost it on my way across the campus I'll run down narsgan perhaps she picked it up and put it away for me Grace hurried downstairs as fast as her feet would carry her to her low inquiry in anzir she received a disappointing answer Anne who was just finishing her breakfast replied that she had not even seen the theme she Rose at once to accompany Grace upstairs the two girls searched in every nook and corner of the room I wanted to hand it in this morning lamented Grace now I'll have to write it all over again I don't believe I can remember much of it either I'll have to explain to Miss Duncan too and ask her to give me until tomorrow to write it perhaps it would be found yet comforted Anne no danger of it unless I lost it in the street then there's only one chance in a thousand of its turning up declared Grace gloomily I don't see how I happen to be so careless why must it be handed in question Dan this morning answered Grace dolefully I'll have to rewrite it tonight I'm from memory too why don't you choose another subject was answered right no Grace shook her head positively I can do better with the old one I'm not going to bother about asking if anyone has found it my name was on it if I made a fuss over it someone might say it was only an excuse I hadn't really lost it but just wish to gain time I hope Miss Duncan won't think that no one in this house would say so contradicted and loyally but suppose Alberta Wicks or Mary Hampton heard of it they might circulate that rumor I hate to seem so suspicious but an ounce of prevention you know I'll write it over and say nothing further about it having made up her mind on the subject Grace promptly dismissed it from her thoughts Miss Duncan did look rather suspiciously at Grace as she related her Misfortune Grace's gray eyes met her so fairly and truthfully however that she was forced to believe the young woman's statement she gave the desired respite rather ungraciously and Grace took her place in class relieved to think she had got off so easily that night she rewrote the theme it did not give her as much trouble as she had anticipated she laid down her fountain pen with allocracity when it was finished and carefully blotted the last sheet now I can begin to think about the reception she announced what are you going to weigh around my new pink gown said Anne promptly as long as I was extravagant enough to indulge in a new evening dress I might as well wear it the sophomore reception is really the most important Affair of the year to us at least I'm delighted to have an opportunity to show off my pale blue chiffon frock last Grace I've been in excesses over it ever since it was made have you seen that white gown of our frieders it's perfectly stunning I stopped in her room for a minute last night she was trying it on it's the prettiest gown she's had since she came here ask her to show it to you I'm going over there now said Anne I'll be back in a minute it was precisely four minutes later when Anne poked her head in Grace's door come on into Miriam's room Grace she called she's just made chocolate she has some lovely little cakes and sandwiches too now Freda has something to tell us Grace Rose from her chair lay down a notebook she had been running through and hastily followed Anne have a cushion laughed Miriam hospitably throwing a fat sofa pillar with Grace who caught it dexterously patted it into shape and placing it on the floor sat down on its Turk fashion Alfreda poured another cup of chocolate then seated herself on the floor beside Grace the sandwiches Anne she ordered we made these ourselves we brought the stuff at that new Delicatessen place on High Street they're delicious commented Grace between bites I'm hungry tonight I didn't like the dinner very well neither did we responded Miriam after dinner we went out for a walk to see what we could find and we brought back what you see before you I shall pay a visit to the Delicatessen shop announced Grace tomorrow night you must come to my room for a spread I'll come to your room with pleasure retorted Alfreda but not to eat one spread a week is my limit now for my news the anarchist has accepted my invitation to the reception really exclaimed Grace do tell us about it Alfreda I delivered my invitation after dinner tonight began Alfreda I waited and waited thinking someone else might invite her I'm not yearning for the honor you know I went to her door and knocked her roommate Miss Taylor opened it the anarchist sat over in one corner of the room studying like mad by the way I understand she is a dick and stands high in her classes is she asked Anne opening her eyes then that is one thing she has in her favor perhaps we shall discover other good qualities in her that we've overlooked perhaps echoed Miriam dryly mustn't interrupt me George Alfreda I may become peevish and refuse to talk all right smile Grace we accept the warning continue my dear Miss Briggs Alfredo grinned cheerfully I inquired with deferential politeness if Miss Atkins were busy then the anarchist looked up from her book glared like a lion straightened her eyebrows and said in that awful voice she owns do you wish to speak to me Alfreda unconsciously imitated the belligerent freshman her audience giggled appreciatively I applied in my most impressive English that I did wish to do that very thing continued Alfreda then I inquired tactfully if I was too late with my invitation to the sophomore dance without giving her time to answer I put in my application for the position of escort then Alfreda paused a side flush Rose to her round face then she looked me in the eye and told me a deliberate untruth she said she had refused one invitation because she had not been interested in the reception but that she had changed her mind she thanked me and said she would be pleased to go I bowed myself out without further Ado but Miss Taylor gave me the queerest look as I went her face was as red as fire it was she who told me that the anarchist had not been invited she was afraid I might think she hadn't told the truth but I knew better now don't ever tell anyone what I have said I'm sorry she didn't tell you the truth said Grace disapprovingly why can't you say that she had not been invited false Pride commented Miriam she evidently isn't so indifferent to the opinion of others as she would have us believe she's a strange girl who used Anne perhaps she is not altogether to blame for our odd ways odd is a good name for them Jared Alfreda I wouldn't call it odd I'd use a strong word than that it's contemptible I'm sorry I asked her to go to the reception then recall your invitation and tell her your reason for doing so advised Miriam there spit bluntly don't take her to the reception in that Spirit you will make yourself and her equally unhappy hear the sage lay down the law retorted Alfreda imprudently she's right though only I won't withdraw my invitation at this late date I try to give the anarchist the most exciting time of her young life but if she balks please don't blame me you can lead an anarchist to a reception you know but you can't make her dance until she happens to feel like dancing still I'm going to do my best and no sophomore can do more that sounds like the Alfreda Briggs I heard talking last night said gray smiling her approval of the Stout girl's words so it does agreed Alfreda Hereafter I'll try to be more consistent as for the anarchist she shall reap the benefits of My Vow I hope she knows how to dance if she doesn't I should have to constitute myself a committee of one to furnish Amusement for her if on the Fatal night you see me my arm firmly linked in that of her majesty parading solemnly about the gymnasium with a fixed smile and an heir of gaiety the time a long way from feeling don't you dare laugh at me we won't laugh at you then even though we can't help laughing at you now said Grace we shall be only too glad to do anything we can to help you entertain her I know that maybe you can help and maybe you can't but if she doesn't enjoy herself it won't be my fault end of chapter eight recording by Ashley Jane chapter 9 of Grace Harlow's second year at Overton College by Jesse Graham flower this LibriVox recording is in the public domain chapter 9 anticipations the day of the sophomore reception was a busy one for the members of the sophomore class to them it was the event of the year and the desire to make this dance outshine all its predecessors was Paramount in almost every sophomore breast of course there were the digs who never thought of festivities but spent all their time in study no one counted on their help the great part of the class however was properly enthusiastic over the music decorations gowns and dance cards Grace and Miriam who were on the decorating committee has spent the greater part of their day in the gymnasium under the skillful direction of the committee the big room blossomed out in a strange and gorgeous array there were the masses of Evergreen so convenient for hiding unsightly gymnasium apparatus which made the gymnasium a veritable forest green s of Japanese lanterns added to the effect while the freshman and sophomore colors impartially wound the gallery railing and were draped and festooned wherever there was a slightest chance for display the sophomores had put forth their best effort on behalf of their freshman sisters when it came to sow for cushions and Draper is they had surrendered their most highly treasured possessions for the good cause I think we may congratulate ourselves commented Gertrude Wells as she Stood Beside Miriam Nesbitt surveying their almost completed task but my hands I've scratched and bruised them handling those Evergreens my dress is a sight too she added pointing first to the green stains that decorated her white linen gown then significantly to a three-corner tear near the bottom of the skirt I don't care to be able to start by next summer at any rate I'm not much better off declared Miriam you can't be walking and keep up a band box appearance you know I should say not laughed Arlene Thayer who had come up in time to hear Miriam's last remark does anyone know the time ask Grace standing back a little to through the effect of the bunting she had been winding around a post I can't see the gym clock from here to sew swath and green bells and decorations at its poor round face is almost hidden and I'm really too tired to go close enough to find out it's five minutes past four of a clock informed Gertrude glancing at the tiny watch pinned her waist good gracious exclaimed Arlene Thayer I can't stay here another minute I have a hundred things to do before tonight where's Ruth asked Grace I haven't seen either of you lately accepted an aggravating distance Arlene's baby face hardened I haven't seen Ruth for over two weeks she said stiffly you haven't exclaimed Grace who's stooping to tie her shoe had not noticed darling's changed expression as she straightened up a surprise gray eyes met Arlene's defiant blue ones like a flash she remembered then you don't know who she is invited to the reception no responded Arlene shortly I don't know anything about it Grace was about to say something farther when overtaken by sudden thought she turned her face away to hide the smile that hovered about her lips meanwhile Gertrude Wallace had engaged Arlene in the conversation and Ruth's name was not mentioned again this is positively my last appearance this afternoon as a decorator declared Emma Dean I'm going home to beautify myself for the great moment when I shall stand in line with myself and more sisters to greet the infant freshman I'm going home too but without bursting into language draw J Alfreda Briggs I pounded my thumb with a hammer scratched my nose on an obstinate Hemlock bow and lost Brown's band new pair of scissors I think it is high time to leave this place I'm not on the reception committee it is true but I have weightly matters to consider and I'm on the verge of a perilous undertaking she uttered the last words in an aw too familiar undertone shooting a mischievous glance at her friends which caused Grace Anne and Miriam to laugh out right what are you girls laughing at demanded Gertrude Wells Alfredo is so funny explains Grace enigmatically then fearing to a friend Gertrude she said hastily what she said was extremely laughable to us because she was imitating someone we know the knot of girls separated soon after going their separate ways and Grace Miriam Alfreda and Emma Dean turned their faces toward Wayne Hall I wonder if Ruth is going Vermont Grace who walked behind Anne I thought we'd see her this afternoon I noticed how sharply Ali announcer Drew said and significantly poor Ruth I haven't admitted to spare or I'd run down there we must go tomorrow afternoon Anne we'll take rooster vinton's for dinner and oh and let's invite Arlene and make them be friends Splendid admire Dan I'll take charge of Ruth and you can look out for Arlene if you don't hurry you'll be ready for the reception sometime tomorrow called Alfreda derisively the two quickened their steps the three girls ahead looked back then mischievously began running toward Wayne Hall we can catch the man exalted Grace you mean you can laugh and run ahead and surprise them Grace was off like the wind although the three girls ran well there were no match for the life slender young woman who ran like a hunted deer she soon passed her friends and running onto the hall sat down on the steps with no apparent traces of exhaustion to wait for them let me see what track team did you belong to Quest Alfredo with open admiration if I could run like that I'd be happy why did you learn to run back in Oakdale where I was surprised tomboy of the school laughed Grace have you seen to your flowers for your freshman I ordered pink roses for Miss Evans and chose violets for Miss Taylor didn't you Anne I ordered violets for Mrs Wilson too said Miriam I tried to get snapdragons giggled Alfreda but it's rather late in the season for them instead the anarchist will flourish a nose gay of blood red roses I can't imagine her parading around the gym bedecked with violets Alfredo you were anything but a chivalrous escort commented Anne I'm at least in steer returned Alfreda with an affected simpa I hope those flowers haven't loited along the way I must call on my fair lady and see if she has received hers I'm beginning to feel excited I'm going to eat my dinner post taste I want to get dressed and practice my bell before the mirror ear I entered the sacred Precinct of Her Majesty's Boudoir then I shall sweep into her domicile a raid in all my glory it shall be so overcome at the side of me and my Splendor that she will follow me down to the carriage like a lamb I ask you ladies after seeing me in that new white silk gown of mine what Anarchist could resist me of whom did Alfredo remind you just then Grace asked Miriam hippie last Grace she looked exactly like him never saw him stated Alfreda laconically but she gave a fine invitation of him just the same exclaimed Grace end of chapter nine recording by Ashley Jane chapter 10 of Grace Harlow's second year at Overton College by Jesse Graham flower this LibriVox recording is in the public domain chapter 10 an offended freshman at dinner that night excitement rained every girl in the house was going to the reception to dispose of one's dinner and hurry to one's room to begin the all-important task of dressing was the order of procedure and Mrs Elwood's flock Rose from the table almost in a body and made a concerted rush for the stairs she got them Alfreda informed the others as they stopped for a moment in the hall I went to the door to ask her she even thanked me for them wonderful smiled Miriam come on now remember time flies and that your new white flock is a dream an hour later Alfreda stood before the mirror viewing herself with great satisfaction it certainly is some class she declared there I go again I haven't used slang for a week but circumstances altered cases you know just pretend you didn't hear it will you I think I'll wear my violets at my girdle I don't look very Stout in this rig do I you look like a princess Miriam you're a regular howling Beauty in that corn colored frock where are my gloves and my clothes oh here they are just where I put them now I must go for her highness Alfreda shivered giggled then Gathering up her cloaking gloves switched out the door Miriam smiled to herself as she went about Gathering up her own effects then fastening the cluster of yellow rosebuds to the waist of her gown she hoed out into the Hall in time to encounter Grace and Anne we are fortunate in that our ladies live under the same roof with us laughed and it certainly saves Carriage higher returned Grace Here Comes Alfreda and Miss Atkins what on Earth is she wiring I think I'll go for my freshman said Miriam her voice quivering suspiciously by the time Alfreda and the anarchist had reached the head of the stairs the three girls had fled precipitally unable to control their mouth alfreda's face was set in the solemn expression that defied laughter as for the anarchist herself she might easily have posed a statue of Vengeance her eyebrows were drawn into a ferocious scowl she walked down the stairs with the heir of an Indian chief about a tomahawk a victim her white tilt down which was well cut and in keeping with the occasion contrasted oddly with her threatening demeanor which was enhanced by a feather hair ornament that stood up belligerently at one side of her head if she wouldn't wear that feather thing she'd be all right muttered Grace in anzi she looks like Hiawatha she has made up her mind to be nice with Alfreda she's wearing her flowers I wonder if I'd better ask her to dance tonight shall you ask her Anne I think so reflected Anne I can't lead very well but perhaps she can I don't believe I'll ask her said Grace slowly humiliating oneself needlessly is just as bad as having too much pride hurry call Miriam who was already on the stairs the carriages are here it was a ridiculously short drive to the gymnasium but a fine rain having set in carriages for one's freshman guests were a matter of necessity Alfreda and her charge occupied seats in the same Carriage with Anne and Mildred Taylor who in a gown of pink Chiffon over pink silk looked according to Alfreda two sweets to live how are you getting along with Miss Atkins ask Grace an hour later running up and way laying Alfreda who was slowly making her way across the gymnasium toward the corner of the room where the big punch bowl of lemonade stood don't ask me returned Alfreda savagely I managed to fill her dance card and suppose everything was lovely she dances fairly well she'd only keep quiet smile and dance calmly along but no she must talk alfreda's round face settled into lion to disgust she says such outrageously personal things to her Partners I know of three different girls she is offended so far what will become of her before this evening is over she inquired gloomily she told me I was too stealth to dance well but I didn't mind that stout or not you'll be lucky to have even me to dance with it the rage is going let's drown our mortification in lemonade poor Alfreda sympathize Grace I wish I could help you but honestly I feel as though it would be hardly fair to myself to make further advances in that direction don't do it advised Alfreda quickly hand Engrade a cup of fruit lemonade I managed to steer her through this dance but next time someone else may do the inviting the two classes make a good showing don't they beautiful commented Grace the gymnasium looks prettier than it did last year that sounds conceited doesn't it it's true though I've heard Alfreda stoutly doesn't Miriam look stunning tonight I think she is the handsomest dark girl I ever saw don't you with one exception smiled Grace show me the exception then challenged Alfreda I will some fine day promise Grace she is in Italy now you mean the girl you speak of as Eleanor asked Alfreda curiously Grace nodded she is one of my dearest friends and belongs to our sorority at home at one time she was my bitterest enemy she continued reminiscently she was so self-willed and domineering that none of us could endure her she entered the junior class in high school when Miriam Ann and I did for a year and a half she made life miserable for all of us then something happened and she turned out gloriously I'll tell you all about it some other time was she worse than the anarchist asked Alfreda skeptically there's no comparison replied Grace promptly still the anarchists may have possibilities of which we know nothing I wish she would give a demonstration of them tonight then matad Alfreda I suppose I'll have to get busy and look her up it is dangerous to leave her to her own devices she may have offended half the company by this time Alfreda strolled off in search of her Troublesome charge Grace crossed the gymnasium Hakeem eyes starting from the floor where groups of daintily gowned gas stood exchanging Gabe badenage and resting after The Last Waltz to the chairs and divans placed intervals against the walls that what for the most part unoccupied everyone seemed to be dancing Grace remembered with a start that she had seen nothing of Ruth Denton she'd Brave to Arlene across the room on entering the gymnasium and had not caught a glimpse of her since I must find Ruth she reflected and tell her about tomorrow perhaps anus told her she promised she would a spine Mildred Taylor Grace remembered with sudden Contrition that she had not asked a little freshman to dance I suppose she hasn't a single dance left mermaid Grace regretfully at any rate I'll ask her now approaching Mildred she said in her Frank straitful forward fashion I'm so sorry I overlooked you Miss Taylor I intended asking you to dance first of all the crew that her freshman turned her head away from Grace's apologetic eyes it doesn't matter she answered in a queer strange voice my card was full long ago I hope you're not hurt or offended at my seeming neglect insisted Grace anxiously not in the least was it almost Kurt rejoinder I did not think I shall stay much longer I have a headache I'm so sorry said Grace sympathetically can I do anything for you Mildred Taylor did not answer her lit quivered and her eyes filled with tears she brushed them angrily away staying with a petulance entirely foreign to her please don't trouble yourself about me very well replied Grace in proud surprise should I tell Miss Pearson that you were ill no mattered Mildred Grace walked away puzzled and self-accusing I hurt her feelings by not asking her to the dance was the thought that sprang instantly to her mind then she suddenly recollected that she had not yet found Ruth a little later she discovered her in the earnest conversation with Gertrude Wells at the extreme end of the room dances with me Ruth called Grace as she needed her friend Ruth glanced at her card I have this one free she said a moment later they were Gliding Over the smooth floor to the inspiriting strains of a popular two-step long before the end of the dance they stopped to rest and talk I suppose we ought to devote ourselves Strictly To The Freshman said Grace they all appear to be dancing though Where Have You Been keeping yourself Ruth I've been busy replied Ruth evasively will it be too busy to have dinner with us at vinton's tomorrow night persisted Grace no said Ruth slowly at what time half past six returned grace we'll meet you there I must leave you now to look after Miss Evans I brought her here tonight it was late when the notes of the last Walt sounded and still later when the gay participants left the gymnasium in twos threes and little crowd trooping down the Broadstone steps to where they would take their carriages the rain was now falling heavily and to walk even across the campus was out of the question every public automobile and carriage in Overton had been pressed into service and many who had braved a fine rain early in the evening and walked were obliged to negotiate with the drivers for a return of their vehicles the carriages to Wayne Hall carried six guards instead of four and the merry conversation that was kept up during the short drive showed plainly that the evening had been a success even the anarchist endorsed in an occasional stiff remark with a view toward being gracious when Alfreda humorously bowed her to her door and wished her an elaborate good night an actual gleam of fun appeared in her stormy eyes and forgetting her dignity she replied almost cordially that she had enjoyed her evening I'm surprised the thing she did after the way she made remarks about people commented Alfreda to Miriam who was busily engaged in in Hawking the Stout girls gown and listening in Amusement to alfreda's recital she has as much tact as a guinea hen you know how tactful they are in the meantime Anne and Grace were discussing the night's festivity in their own room Grace had slipped into a kimono and stopped rushing her long hair before the mirror suddenly she paused her brush suspended in the air and she said so abruptly that Anne looked at her in Surprise did you notice anything peculiar about Miss Taylor you were her escort you know responded and knitting her brows in an effort to remember I can't say that I noticed anything then I am right decided Grace she is angry with me because in some way I missed asking her to dance she said nothing to me was Anne's quick reply she's offended I know she is said Grace I'm sorry of course I didn't pass her bi-intentionally I didn't know she was so sensitive I think I'll ask her to go to vinton's for lunch and on Saturday but when Grace delivered her invitation at The Breakfast Table the next morning it was curtly refused milled with Taylor's attitude if anything was a shade more hostile than it had been the night before from her manner it was evident that the little freshman whom graced hasten to befriend on that first doll for morning when she found her roomless and in tears on the big oak seat in the hall had quite forgotten audio to the girl she now appeared to be trying to avoid finding her efforts at friendliness report Grace proudly resolved to make no more overtures toward the sulking freshman she had done everything in her power to make amends for what had been an unintentional oversight on her part and her self-respect demanded that she should allow the matter to drop she decided that if later on Mildred showed a disposition to be friendly she would meet her halfway but until that time came she would take no notice of her or seek further to a certain cause of her grievance end of chapter 10. recording by Ashley Jane chapter 11 of Grace Harlow's second year at Overton College by Jesse Graham flower this Libra Fox recording is in the public domain chapter 11 the Finger of Suspicion that very morning as Grace was about to leave Miss Duncan's classroom she heard her name called in severe tones turning quickly she met the teacher's blue eyes fixed suspiciously upon her did you wish to speak to me Miss Duncan Grace asked yes answered Miss Duncan shortly she continued to look steadily at Grace without speaking Grace waited courteously for the teacher's next words she wondered a little why Miss Duncan had detained her Miss Harlow began the teacher impressively I've always entertained a high opinion of you as an honor Girl your record during your freshman year seemed to indicate plainly that you had a very clear conception of what constitutes an Overton girl standard of Honor within the past week however something has happened that forces me to admit that I am deeply disappointed in you Miss Duncan paused Grace's expressive face pailed a trifle a look of Wonder mingled with heart Pride leaped into her gray eyes I don't understand you Miss Duncan she said quietly what have I done to disappoint you Miss Duncan picked up a number of closely written sheets of folded paper and handed them to Grace who unfolded them staring almost stupidly at the sheet that lay on top a wave of crimson flooded her recently pale cheeks why what where did you get this she stammered it is my theme you mean it is the original from which you copied yours put in Miss Duncan dryly is that your handwriting no replied Grace in a puzzled tone is this your writing question Miss Duncan suddenly producing another theme from the drawer of her desk yes was Grace's prompt answer I handed it in to you instead of putting it in the collection box you remember I told you I had lost the first one I wrote and asked for more time I remember perfectly was a significant answer is this theme pointing to the one gray still held the one you say you lost the one I say I lost repeated Grace a glint of resentment darkening in her eyes what do you mean Miss Duncan her bold question caused the instructor's lips to tighten you have not answered my question Miss Harlow she said icely no this is not my theme answered Grace that is it is not in my handwriting I did not recognize the writing Grace C speaking and stared at the theme in sudden consternation someone found my theme and copied it her voice sank almost to a whisper a flush of Shame for the unknown corporate diet her cheeks are new it would be better perhaps interrupted the teacher sarcastically if you admitted the truth of the affair at once Miss Harlow there is nothing to admit responded gray steadily except that I'd lost my theme on the evening I wrote it when I found it was gone I came to you at once and asked for another day's time that same night I rewrote it as well as I could from memory and handed it to you the following day an ominous silence ensued then Miss Duncan said stiffly Miss Harlow the young woman who wrote the theme you have in your hand dropped it into the collection box of another section during the very evening you would have me believe you were writing it it was brought to me early the next morning how did you know that it was dropped into the box the evening before flung back Grace forgetting for an instant to whom she was speaking your question is hardly respectful Miss Harlow return Miss Duncan coldly reproving I will answer it however by saying that I sent for the young woman and questioned her regarding the time she placed her theme in the Box without letting her know my motive in doing so her Frank answer completely assured me that she was speaking the truth at the same time she explained that she had been late with her theme on account of mislaying it she had written it two days before and placed it in her desk then it had mysteriously vanished and suddenly reappeared in the same pigeonhole in her desk in which she had placed it she assured me that directly she found it she took it to the box your theme is so suspiciously similar to hers that it is hardly possible to believe it to be merely a coincidence in the face of the circumstances it looks as though you were the real offender Grace regarded Miss Duncan with mute reproach she could not at once trust herself to speak have you anything to say to me Miss Harlow was a Stern question only that what I've previously said to you is the truth answered Grace fighting down her desire to cry then cease with a sudden idea she said in a tone of subdued excitement will you allow me to look at that theme again Miss Duncan Miss Duncan picked up the theme from the desk where Grace had laid it and handed it to her a strip of paper had been pasted over the name in the upper left-hand Corner gray scanned each closely written page attentively this is my theme she declared finally and I have thought of a way to prove that I wrote it I did not steal it from another girl I would not be so contemptible I shall be very glad to have conclusive proof that you did not commented Miss Duncan rather sarcastically appearances are not in your favor Miss Harlow I'm sorry that you doubt my word Miss Duncan said Grace with gentle dignity because I'm going to prove to you how utterly wrong you have been in suspecting me of such contemptible conduct I wrote this theme in the room of a member of the senior class she read it after I'd written it I feel sure that she can identify this as mine because when I rewrote it I could not remember a word of the original ending which she had particularly commented I did the best I could with it but it wasn't in the least like the other Grace ended earnestly will it have the name of the young woman in whose room you wrote your theme asked Miss Duncan her Stone Face relaxing a little it was Miss Ash returned Grace frankly Miss Duncan raised her eyebrows in Surprise I should say you have strong evidence in your favor Miss Harlow will you ask Miss Ash to come to your room after your last class today Miss Duncan she asked eagerly I should like to show her the theme without explaining anything to her at first I give you my word of Honor I will say nothing about it to her in the meantime then realizing that her world of Honor was at present being seriously questioned Grace blushed painfully Miss Duncan understanding the blush said less severely very well miss Harlow she scrutinized Grace's fine sensitive face for a moment then added you may come at the same time if you wish Grace brightened then shook her head positively please let me come to see you tomorrow morning instead she wished to give Miss Duncan perfect freedom to ask Mabel any question she might find necessary to ask tomorrow morning then acquiesced Miss Duncan graciously Grace turned to leave the room at the door she hesitated then walking back to the desk she said almost imploringly please don't punish the other girl now Miss Duncan I don't know who she is but I'm sure she must have found my theme and copied it on the spur of the moment I can't believe that she did it deliberately if she did them being found out by you would be less than enough for her I've not as yet exonerated you from this charge Miss Harlow declared Miss Duncan stiffly her brief graciousness Vanishing like magic if the other girl is to blame then she must suffer for her thought until I've seen Miss Ash I shall say nothing after that I cannot promise Grace bowed and left the classroom her feeling toward the plagiarist entirely one of pity she had Vindicated herself at the expense of exposing someone else without intent to do more than assert her own innocence and she now wondered sadly if there were not some way in which she might persuade Miss Duncan to change her mind on her way from Miss Duncan's classroom that morning Grace found herself walking directly behind emmadine she was sauntering across the campus her near-sighted eyes fixed on a small hurrying figure just ahead of her hello Grace was Emma's affable salutation as she turned at the touch of Grace's hand on her shoulder I was watching Miss Taylor what disappointment that girl is the first week or two after her arrival at Wayne Hall I thought her delightful but she has turned out to be anything but agreeable she barely nodded to me this morning I believe she is developing snobbish Tendencies which is a great mistake deliver me from snobs we have very few of them at Overton thank goodness but Grace could not doubt thinking that somewhere in the College Community lived a girl who possessed a fault far greater than that of being a snob end of chapter 11 recording by Ashley Jane chapter 12 of Grace Harlow's second year at toveton College by Jesse Graham flower this LibriVox recording is in the public domain chapter 12 the summons the prospective dinner at vinton's at which Ruth Denton and Arlene Thayer want to be guests of honor drove the unpleasant incident of the morning from Grace's mind for the time being she determined to keep her interview with Miss Duncan a secret from her friends if it had involved only herself she might possibly have told Anne of it but since it concerned someone else Graces fine sense of Honor forbade her making even and her confident in the matter she could not help speculating a little concerning the identity of the other girl she had not the remotest idea as to who it could be whoever she was she could not have realized what a dishonorable thing she had done was Grace's charitable reflection she wondered what Mabel could think when Miss Duncan asked her to identify the theme as the one Grace had written during that evening in Holland House I'm going to stop thinking of it for the rest of the day declared Grace half allowed as she dressed for dinner late that afternoon she started guiltily glancing quickly to where Anne sat mending a tiny tear in her white silk blouse and he was fully occupied with her mending made no comment she was so used to Grace's habit of thinking aloud that she had no idle curiosity regarding her friend's thoughts whatever Grace wished her to know she would hear in due season Miriam and Alfreda are not going with us you know said Grace as they were about to leave their room I didn't know it commented Anne why did they change their minds Miriam thinks you and I can do more toward restoring peace without her and Alfreda she suspects that Ruth will satisfy Arlene's curiosity and at the same time a piece of Wrath by telling what she refused to tell that other night provided there are not too many listeners what a wise girl Miriam is exclaimed and admiringly I never thought of that nor I admitted Grace until she mentioned it then I saw the wisdom of it why are we going to meet Ruth and Arlene our Stan suppose both of them arrive at vinton's before we do I thought of that too chuckled Grace So Arlene is to come here and Ruth is to wait for us at Clinton's they can't possibly meet until we are there to manage matters Arlene ought to be here by this time should we go downstairs and wait for her there's a doorbell now said Anne that must be Arlene her supposition proved correct just as they reached the foot of the stairs the maid admitted the fluffy haired little girl Hello she called merrily I'm strictly on time you see so are we smardan should we start at once yes indeed emphasize Darlene I'm starved I wasn't prepared in Greek today and rushed through my lunch and in order to snatch a few minutes study before class I had my trouble for my pains too the bell rang before it was my turn to recite wasn't that fortunate I should say so agreed Grace if it had been I Professor Martin would have called on me first you were born lucky Daffy Down Dilly I don't think so replied Arlene gloomley I have all kinds of miserable unpleasant things to bother me Anne and Grace exchanged significant glances behind the little girl's back there was a chance for the success of their scheme Arlene was evidently unhappy over her Cavalier treatment of Ruth during the short walk to vinton's All mention of Ruth's name was tactically avoided Arlene chatted valuably about the reception she'd not enjoyed herself particularly she had taken a freshman by the name of violet Derby who lived on the top floor of Morton house she has considered the Freshman Beauty oh I remember her exclaimed Grace Gertrude Wells introduced me to her I asked her for her a dance but her card was told for overflowing she is beautiful she has such wonderful golden hair and her brown eyes were in such striking contrast to her hair and fair complexion she's awfully popular I suppose yes Morton House girls are all rushing her I was surprised to think she accepted my invitation returned Arlene I don't think that was so very surprising declared Grace bluntly Arlene Thayer is also a Morton House favorite Violet is a reigning favorite just at present who joined Arlene it's her fatal Beauty she's a very nice girl though not a bit snobbish or conceited everyone in the house likes her you must become better acquainted with her here we are at vinton's announced Grace I reserved one of the Alcove tables for us as they made their way to the Alcove a girl Rose from her seat in the shadow to greet them it was Ruth and as Arlene caught sight of her her baby face grew dark how dare you she asked accusingly turning toward Grace you know we're not friends I don't wish to see her I'm going straight home I suppose she planned all this she's tried to make up with me but I shall never again be friends with her please listen to me Arlene began Grace taking the angry little girl by the arm and pulling her gently toward the Alcove Ruth had risen from the table a look of mingled pain and bewildement on her face I didn't know Arlene was to be here she said tremulously please tell her I didn't know it she turned appealing eyes toward Grace supposed to sit down to our table and talk over this matter suggested Grace in her most casual manner her calm eyes were rested first on Ruth then traveled to Arlene who hesitated briefly then with an angry shrug of her shoulders seated herself in the nearest chair Grace motioned Anne and Ruth to their chairs then seating herself she said gently now children supposedly clear up some of those doubts and misunderstandings by holding Court I'm going to be the prosecuting attorney and can be the council for the defense Arlene can borrow her first then Ruth can have her when all the evidence is in I shall appoint myself as judge and jury it means a great deal of work for me but the law must take its course I therefore summon you both into court end of chapter 12 recording by Ashley Jane chapter 13 of Grace Harlow's second year at Overton College by Jesse Graham flower this LibriVox recording is in the public domain chapter 13 Grace holds Court in spite of her displeasure Arlene giggle frankly at greatest impromptu session of Court Ruth's Sabbath her face brightened while Anne listened to her friend with open admiration she could have conceived of no sure a way to settle the difference it had made them so unhappy you must remember gray said solemnly that there can be no dinner until the court is disposed of its first case this is a murder trial therefore the chief object of the court is to find the murderer of one friendship done to death in Cruel fashion I wish I had Emma Dean's glasses to make me look more imposing I wonder what kind voice a prosecuting attorney would have daily beloved went on Grace impressively they don't say that in court I know but then I'm going to be different from most Prosecuting attorneys there isn't the least doubt of that interposed Anne slyly silence commanded Grace severely I shall have you arrested for contempt of court then there won't be any counsel for the defense the first witness that's you Arlene will please take the stand you needn't really move you know we will take a few things for granted sit up straight and be as dignified as possible fold your hands on the table that's right now state where and when you first met the defendant Ruth can be the defendant until I question her then you'll have to play the part over a year ago at Morton House stated Arlene obediently what was your opinion of the defendant I liked her better than any other girl I'd ever met confessed Darlene defendant number two what did you think of Arlene Thayer quizzed Grace eyeing Ruth expectantly I liked her as much as she liked me replied Ruth promptly when did your first disagreement occur probed Grace turning from Ruth to Arlene here at this very table returned our lean in a low tone whose fault was it in quiet Grace wickedly mine exclaimed Ruth and Arlene simultaneously thank you return Grace sobly such spontaneity on the part of the defendants is very refreshing it also simplifies the case and saves the court considerable trouble there is hope that the court will be dismissed in time for dinner as prosecuting attorney I will now deliver my charge I shall have to deliver it sitting down or attract too much attention to the case Gentlemen of the jury you have heard the evidence you think no doubt that murder has been done this is not so the friendship between defendant number one Grace bow to Arlene and defendant number two she made a second bow to Ruth received a blow on the head which rendered it unconscious for some time it had no intention of dying but both prisoners treated it with extreme cruelty not allowing it to hold up its poor crippled head I asked you gentlemen of the jury to consider well what should be penalty for assaulting and battering friendship with intent to kill Gentlemen of the jury are you ready for the question we are Grace answered for the Jory and a deep voice that elected little shrieks of laughter from her companions what should be the fate of these malefactors demanded Grace in her prosecuting attorney voice after the jury had rendered a verdict of guilty be deliberate in your decision but don't be all night about it they shall be made to shake hands across a table or suffer the full penalty of the law stated the judge what is the full penalty of the law no dinner was the prompt answer for the defense have you anything to say I should have asked you before sentence was pronounced but it doesn't matter the prosecuting attorney always tries to fix things to suit himself no matter what anyone else thinks the council for the defense is a mere blot on the landscape in this trial geared Anne how did you guess it being the prosecuting attorney Prisoners the sentence will be executed at once shake hands Ruth's sand was stretched across the table to meet Arlene's I'm awfully sorry Ruth said Arlene her voice trembling a little I should never have asked you to tell what you wish to keep Secret and I shouldn't have been so silly as to refuse to tell declared Ruth bravely I'm going to tell you now when you mustn't stop me I was brought up in an orphan Asylum that's why I didn't care to tell you about myself that evening you poor precious deer exclaimed Arlene how can I ever forgive myself for being so horrid won't you forgive me Ruth I never supposed it was anything like that I was angry because you'd called me your best friend but wouldn't trust me I'm so sorry I'll never speak of it again to you Arlene looked appealingly at Ruth her blue eyes are Misty but I want you to think of it I had made up my mind to tell you then you passed me on the campus without speaking and somehow I didn't dare come near you after that I've been perfectly horrid I know admitted and contritely I've been so used to having my own way that I try to bend everyone I know to it I don't mind telling you girls about myself now at first I was ashamed of my poverty confessed Ruth after I went to Arlene's beautiful home I hated to say anything about it to anyone then Arlene grew angry with me I realized afterward that I had been foolish not to tell her my story there isn't much to tell I was picked up in a railroad wreck on a westbound train when I was four years old I can just remember getting into the train with my mother she was burned to death in the wreck but by some miracle I was saved I knew my name Ruth Irving Denton my age and around my neck mother had tied a little packet containing some money a letter and a gold watch a woman who lived near where the record took charge of me and as no one came for me in time I was sent to a home I lived there until I was 14. the matron was good to us and considering we are all homeless waves we fared very well and the letter asked Grace it was from my father to my mother giving all the directions for our journey West with it had been enclosed a money order for four hundred dollars which my mother had evidently cashed I still have the letter then a man and his wife took me they were good to me and sent me to school I studied hard and finished high school when I was 17. then I won a scholarship of 100 I was determined to go to college but the people whom I lived thought differently so I left them a year ago last fall and came to Overton resolving to make my own way they were so angry with me for leaving them they would have nothing further to do with me so you see I had not a friend in the world until I met you girls but you have me now comforted Arlene patting Ruth's hand I'll never be so silly again poor little girl and you have Anne and me added Grace don't forget Miriam and Alfreda either I'm rich and friends now said Ruth softly perhaps your father isn't really dead Ruth exclaimed Grace he must be said Ruth sadly I've only one thing that belonged to him a heavy gold watch with his full name Arthur Northrop Denton engraved on the inside of the bat case which is a valuable watch but I have always declared I would starve rather than part with it perhaps it may help me find him someday suggested Grace thoughtfully don't know the name of the town in Nevada where he first lived asked Anne he went to Humboldt and from there into the mountains applied Ruth so it's at time all trace of him has been lost I never knew my own story until on the day I became 14 years of age then the matron told me it was at the time that I was getting ready to go to live with a man and his wife whom I have spoken after that it seemed as though the whole world changed for me I didn't mind being poor nor having to work for I had the Glorious thought that perhaps my father was still alive and at some time I should see him again I wrote several letters to him sending them to Humboldt but they always came back to me after a while I gave up all hope and stopped writing I couldn't bear to think of having more letters come back unclaimed I tried to forget that I had even dreamed of seeing my father again and began to put my whole mind on going to college now I'm so thankful that I persevered and won the scholarship there were times when I was very unhappy over leaving the only home I'd ever known outside the orphanage still I cannot rid myself of the conviction that I had taken a step in the right direction later when I met you guys I was sure of it even though I didn't find my father I found true and loyal friends who have crowded more pleasure and happiness into the short year than I have ever had in my whole life before I'll lend you half of my father Ruth offer Darlene generously his almost as fond as you as he is of me you remember he said so won't you dream with jealousy when he admitted it tease Dan not a bit of it protester Darlene stoutly I only wish Ruth was my sister I'd like to be the one to find Ruth's father who used Grace and smiled even College can't help root Grace's sleuthing Tendencies she has an absolute genius for ferreting out Mysteries no I haven't contradicted Grace if I had she stopped she'd been on the point of remarking that she would have known her had stolen and used her theme if you had what our starlene curiously if I had the genius of which and practicals I'd be at the head of the New York detective Bureau finished Grace and Anne alone knew that Grace had purposely substituted this flippant answer to conceal her real thought end of chapter 13 recording by Ashley Jane chapter 14 of Grace Harlow's second year at Overton College by Jesse Graham flower this LibriVox recording is in the public domain chapter 14 Grace makes a resolution what do you think has happened demanded J.L Frieda Briggs bursting into the room where Anne and Grace were busily making up for lost time they had lingered at vinton's until after eight o'clock then the thought of tomorrow with its Eternal round of classes had driven them home reluctantly enough to wear their books awaited them it was almost nine o'clock before they had actually settled themselves and alfreda's sudden tempestuous entrance course and to lay down her Horus with an air of patient resignation we might as well begin saying unprepared now and grow accustomed to the sound of our own voices she announced I think so too agreed Grace well Alfreda why this thusness what has happened have you been elected to the pi beta Gamma or did you get an unusually large check from home catch the PB Gammas troubling themselves about me scaffold Alfreda as for a check I've written for it but so far I've seen no signs of it when I do lay hands on it we'll celebrate the event with feasting and Mary Making then I can't guess side Grace you'd better tell us well began Alfreda her eyes twinkling I have a dinner invitation for tomorrow night at martells that is nothing startling scoff Dan we've just come from vinton's but the rest of my news is remarkable persisted the Stout girl I'm invited to dine Alfreda paused then finished impressively with the anarchist you don't mean it Grace looked at her and surprise of course I mean it retorted Alfreda I wouldn't say so if I didn't she delivered her invitation on the way over to Chapel this morning I'd give you an imitation of the way she did it if I hadn't accepted Grace shot a quick approving glance toward Alfreda which the latter saw and interpreted correctly I wouldn't have thought about that last year would I Grace she asked shyly Grace laughed rather confusedly how did you guess so much the way you stumble upon things is positively uncanny observation my dear observation returned Alfreda patronizingly one can learn almost everything about everybody if one keeps one's eyes open you seem to carry out your own Theory admitted gray smilingly have you finished your work for tonight years ago declared Alfredo extravagantly Miriam hasn't at least she was still studying when I left the room I'll tell you what I'll do I'll make some fudge Mrs Elwood will let me have some milk and we have the rest of the stuff in our room I'll send Miriam in here then I can have the whole room to myself when it's done I'll call you with a joyful skip that fairly Jarred the furniture in the room Alfreda bounded through the doorway and vanished two minutes later Miriam appeared an amused look on her dark face several Brooks tucked under one arm driven from home she declared posing on a threshold her free hand appealingly extended will no one help me I will Grace reached forth her hand dragging Miriam into the room hoe through your lessons and we'll have a spread I saw you weren't with us tonight but Anne and I weren't sure as to just how successfully our plan would work everything went smoothly though Grace related briefly what had taken place at the dinner settled their differences commented Miriam we all knew that Arlene was at fault she is such a dear little thing one hesitates to say so she was very sweet tonight into post Anne she asked Ruth's forgiveness and took the blame for their little coolness on her own shoulders I don't wish to cause dissension in this happy band but we really must stop talking and study warned Grace I haven't made a satisfactory recitation this week and I wrote for reform all right my dear Miss Harlow flung back Miriam work for the night is coming you mean going giggled Anne after this interchange of flippant remarks silence reigned broken only by the sound of turning leaves or an occasional sigh over the appalling length of a lesson the three girls were fully absorbed in their work when Alfreda poked her head into the room to announce that the fridge was made I have a bottle of cunning little pickles and a box of cheese Wafers I made some tea too hurry or it'll be half past ten before we have time to eat a single thing I can't possibly finish studying my Latin tonight side Miriam every day the lessons seem to get longer Miss Arthur hasn't a spark of compassion don't stop to Grumble commanded Alfreda come along the half past 10 o'clock bell rang before the fudge was half gone in fact it was after 11 before the quartet prepared for sleep during the evening all thought of the Troublesome theme had left Grace's mind it was not until after she had turned out the light and gone to bed so it came back to her with such disagreeable force that for the time being all idea of sleep fled for the first time since her entrance in Overton college she had incurred the displeasure of one in authority over her and through no fault of her own as Grace lay staring into the darkness the recollection of that bitter time during her junior year at high school when Miss Thompson had accused her of shielding the girl who had destroyed the principal's personal papers came back Vivid and complete Eleanor savelli now numbered among her dearest friends and a member of the free Sigma Tau had been the transgressor and Grace had refused to voice her suspicions she'd all come right in the end although Miss Thompson's displeasure had been hard to bear perhaps this affair would end happily too suppose the other girl had chosen the same subject Grace gave rent to a soft exclamation of impatience at her own supposition she wished she dared believed that it was so but common sense told her that she could not hope to deceive herself by any such delusion who could the girl be Grace asked herself over and over surely no one of her intimate friends nor any girl at Wayne Hall either whoever was guilty would be severely punished perhaps sent home Overton prided itself on its honor its children must be above reproach at all times Mabel's evidence would clear her but what of the other girl whoever she is speculated Grace by this time she is probably sorry for what she did I suppose she is frightened too I go to make Miss Duncan let her off this once and if I can find out who she is I'm going to stand by her so Faithfully that she'll never again care to do a dishonest thing as long as she lives it was a long time before Grace fell asleep that night her perturbed State of Mind Over The Stolen theme had served to make her wait for and her thoughts flitted from one subject to another as she lay waiting for the sleep that refused to come always returning however to that of the Unlucky theme one at last it came it brought disturbing dreams in which he figured as a transgressor the theme did not belong to her but to J.L Frieda Briggs she'd stolen it from the pocket of alfreda's brown surge coat and Miss Duncan had seen her take it during the morning exercises in the chapel Miss Duncan had mounted the steps of the platform and standing beside Dr Morton had shouted forth her guilt to the whole College while she had endeavored to creep out of the chapel unnoticed end of chapter 14. recording by Ashley Jane chapter 15 of Grace Harlow's second year at Overton College this is a LibriVox recording or LibriVox recordings are in the public domain for more information or to volunteer please visit librivox.org Grace Harlow's second year at Overton College by Jesse Graham flower chapter 15 the quality of Mercy the next morning Grace felt singularly dispirited as she went down to breakfast it had been raining and the dreary Outlook caused the gloomy lines The Melancholy days succumbed the saddest of the year to run through her head with maddening persistency what's the matter Grace inquired Emma Dean that Chief more no expression of yours is doubly depressing on a day like this did you eat too much fudge last night or have you been conditioned in math you are a wild guess that Emma returned gray smiling faintly my troubles are of an entirely different nature but how did you know we made fresh last night and why didn't you come in and have some I never go well I'm not invited was a significant retort nonsense declared Grace you are always welcome and you know it the spread was in Miriam's room but you know who your friends are don't you don't worry I'm not offended Emma assured Grace good humoredly I came in just before the 10 30 Bell last night and heard sounds of revelry as I passed by there's plenty of Fudge on our table put in Miriam Nesbitt help yourself to it whenever the spirit moves you why is Mildred Taylor this morning asked Irene Evans glancing toward Mildred's vacant place Miss Taylor is ill this morning answered the prim voice from the end of the table with one Accord all eyes were turned in the direction of the voice the anarchist had actually spoken at the table it was unbelievable What followed was even more surprising that Anarchist swept the table with a defiant look then saying with startling distinctness if she was not fully recovered by tonight I shall send for a Precision in the meantime I shall remain with her to care for her that is very kind new I am sure French had Emma Dean surprise had tied the tongues of the others not in the least contradicted the anarchist coldly as her roommate common Humanity demands that I assume a certain amount of responsibility for her welfare oh yes of course agreed Emma hastily please let us know when we may run in to see her excuse me everybody I must run upstairs and study a little before going to Chapel several freshmen followed her lead and fired decorously out the door with perpetuently solemn faces that broke into Smiles the moment the door closed behind them the anarchist however went on eating her breakfast quite unaware that she had created the slightest Ripple of amusement when Alfreda Rose to leave the dining room the strange young woman Rose to and walks a daily out of the room in the State girls wake Alfreda is evidently made a conquest remarked Miriam to Grace see how tamely the haughty Anarchist follows at her heels it is astonishing but Splendid I think said Grace decidedly isn't it strange how much influence for a good one girl can have over another for some reason or other Alfreda knows just how to bring the best in Miss Atkins to the surface shall we run up and see Miss Taylor for a moment you go this morning Grace urged Miriam I'll stop and see her at noon I haven't the time just now I'll go with you volunteered Anne Grace knocked gently on the slightly open door then receiving no answer opened it softly she posted resuitly on the threshold and peering over her shoulder Laura Atkins had left the room but Mildred Taylor fully dressed sat at the window looking listlessly out if she heard Graces like knock she paid no attention to it it was not until Grace said rather diffidently we heard you were ill and thought we'd come in to see you that the girl at the window turned toward Grace her Peak and if her face was drawn and pale and her eyes looked suspiciously red she eyed Grace almost awkwardly then said slowly it was kind of you to come but I shall be all right tomorrow under Grace's serious glance her eyes fell then her amazement that she burst into tears Grace crossed the room her arms stood Across The Sovereign freshman's shoulders in silent sympathy can't he tell me what troubles you she asks softly Mildred shook off the comforting arm with a muttered let me alone I can't tell you of all persons go away why can't you tell me persisted Grace gently because I can't won't you please go I don't wish to talk to anyone way Elder Mildred Grace walked toward the door her eyes on the Weeping gar and who had kept strictly in the background during the little scene stepped out into the Hall Grace following that was hardly my idea of a cordial reception was Anne's dry comment as they entered their own room that young woman has something on her mind declared Grace her illness is not physical it is mental either someone has torn her feelings to shred or else she has done something she is ashamed of and remorse has overtaken her unless she has had bad news from home or has been conditioned suggested Anne I don't believe it's either said gray shaking her head I believe this is something different of late she has been acting strangely ever since the reception she has avoided me and Pearson do you see the time will be late for Chapel gas great and consternation with one Accord the two friends gathered up their raps putting them on as they ran after Chapel Grace left down at the door of the science Hall and went on to Overton Hall she wished to see Miss Duncan before her first class was cited and learn the last developments of her case until Chapel exercises were over Grace had refused to allow her mind to dwell on her trouble but now as she climbs slowly up the broad Stairway To Miss Duncan's classroom the whole unhappy Affair Rose before her Miss Duncan was sitting at her desk as Grace entered she looked at her watch smiled frankly at Grace and said in her usual business-like way I can give you only 10 minutes Miss Harlow the teacher's friendly tone made Grace's heart leap she recognized the fact that Miss Duncan no longer locked upon her with suspicion your innocence was clearly proven by Miss Ash said Miss Duncan in her blunt fashion coming at once to the point I recognize your claim to the authorship of the theme the other young woman was the real plagiarist it was a contemptible trick and not in keeping with Overton standards what will happen to this other girl Miss Duncan said Grace apprehensively her eyes fixed on Miss Duncan what do you think she deserves inquired Miss Duncan quizzically a chance to redeem herself was a prompt reply no one except you knows who she is I don't wish to know her identity and I'm sure miss Ash doesn't couldn't you send the girl and tell her that it would be a secret between just you two that you were willing to forget it had happened if she were willing to start all over again and build her College Foundation fairly and squarely it wouldn't be of any benefit to her to place her fort before the dean no doubt she would be dismissed and that dismissal might spoil her whole life you're an eloquent pleader missed Harlow return Miss Duncan as it is strictly an affair of one of my classes I consider the time at Liberty to do as I think best about placing this matter before the dean if I did see fit to do so I hardly think it would mean dismissal particularly if I took you with me to plead the cause of the offender come to me this afternoon after my last class and I will give you my answer Grace left the classroom far more cheerfully than she had entered her own Vindication had not impressed her half so deeply as Miss Duncan's apparently lenient attitude toward the girl who had been forced to herself and to Overton end of chapter 15. chapter 16 of Grace Harlow's second year at Overton College by Jesse Graham flower this LibriVox recording is in the public domain chapter 16 a disgruntled reformer Grace was not disappointed Miss Duncan graciously agreed to let the corporate off with a severe reprimand Grace ran joyfully down the campus to Holland House she wished to tell mabelash the good news heard her copycat she doesn't deserve it was Mabel's unsympathetic comment as Grace related what had passed between Miss Duncan and herself you know who she is don't you Grace shook her head I haven't slightest idea she said soberly I can't believe it was anyone at Wayne Hall you don't suspect anyone do you no return Mabel I haven't become very well acquainted with the Freshman this year so far I suppose you did right and not exposing this girl I don't know whether I should be quite as charitable as you if you hadn't had a witness who saw you write the theme you would now be under a cloud what I can't forget is the fact that she went so far as to try to make Miss Duncan believe that you really copied it Miss Duncan said she insisted that the theme had disappeared from her room think how fall as she must have felt when Miss Duncan confronted her with the truth yesterday afternoon and made her confess oh Mabel Grace's distressed tone cause a pretty senior to rise and stand in front of Grace's chair what is a matter Gracie she said taking Grace's hands in hers Grace raised her gray eyes to meet the inquiring brown ones bent on her I'm so sorry she said sadly but the girl who took my theme does live in Wayne Hall how do you know ask Mabel quickly from what you said return Grace if she accused me of taking her theme from her room isn't it highly probable that her room is in Wayne Hall I wouldn't be likely to go into one of the campus houses to steal a theme would I I must have dropped it in the hall or on the stairs that night and she must have come into the house directly after I did and picked it up I don't like to believe that one of our girls did it Grace concluded sorrowfully time afraid it's true someday you'll stumble upon the guilty girl when you least expect to find her prophesies Mabel now forget her and tell me what you and your Chums are going to do over Thanksgiving I'm going to dance on Thanksgiving night with a Wilson man his fraternity is giving it I don't know any college men in this part of the world side Grace regretfully therefore I never have any invitations to man dances wait until my cousin comes up here he is a Colombian man and you will like him immensely I know a number of the Wilson men too why don't you go with me to the football game Thanksgiving Day you are not going away are you it is only a four days vacation you know no we haven't any particular place to go last year we spent our Thanksgiving vacation with the Southerns in New York you knew about that you lucky things laughed Mabel I envy your friendship with Everett Southard and his sister someday you must meet them planned Grace they're delightful people Mr sutherd is appearing in Shakespearean roles in the large cities this season and Miss South that is in Florida visiting friends if they're in New York they would insist on our going to them for the holidays I must run away now it is almost dinner time and I promise to hook up alfreda's new gown Miriam went over to Morton house with Gertrude Wells and wrote return until late and Alfreda was going to dine with the anarchist really exclaimed Mabel Alfreda seems to be coming to the front this year doesn't she she's turning out splendidly said Grace warmly she stands high in every one of her classes and she is so ridiculously funny that we would feel lost without her she says things in the same draw ways that a young man we know in Oakdale does time mustn't stay another minute goodbye Mabel I'll see you in a day or two gray started across the campus and ran rapidly in the direction of Wayne Hall she loved to run and her fleetness of footed served her well on more than one occasion only that day she'd complained to Miriam that it's been years since she had indulged in a good run Miriam had laughingly accused her of still being a tomboy and her proposed that they take a long on Saturday you can run up and down the road to your heart's content when we get far enough away from Overton so no one will see you and think you have suddenly gone crazy Miriam had declared good-naturedly bounding up the steps to at a time Grace reached the front door of Wayne Hall without drawing a laboring breath I'm certainly in good condition she laughed herself inhaling deeply and inflating her chest I hope I had chosen to play on the team this year she rang a third time before the door was opened by Emma Dean who grumbled at her repeated ringing and then announced that she had rung six times that afternoon before anyone had condescended to let her in have you seen Alfreda flung back Grace on her way upstairs you'd better hurry called Emma after her I heard her growling to herself as I passed her door I began to think you were never coming greeted Alfreda as Grace burst into the room her eyes bright and her cheeks becomingly flushed from her recent run across the campus why didn't you ask someone else to hook you up retorted Grace mischievously throwing down her gloves and beginning on the top hook because I wanted you to see how nice I look in this new frock replied the Stout girl if I had not stipulated that you were to perform this extremely important service for me you would have in all probability absented yourself from my immediate vicinity and mindful of the rare exhibition of Youth and beauty that was being prepared for you in my room if I close my eyes I could have sworn it was Miss Atkins laughed grace even she herself couldn't fail to recognize that impersonation it's ridiculously funny Alfreda but I wish you wouldn't do it ask Grace now Freda was standing with their backs directly away from the door neither girl saw the tense little figure that stood rigid one hand on the door casing listening with eyebrows drawn fiercely together an instant later it had vanished Grace after triumphantly placing the last talk in its eye began helping Alfreda find her handkerchief and gloves now you have everything you need she declared holding up the Stout girl's coat do you wait here for your dinner partner or does she call for you she's coming in here for me answered Alfreda I wish she would hurry along I haven't had even a cracker since lunch and I'm famished I think I'll go if you don't mind I'm hungry too I must see if Anne has come in yet miss Atkins will be here in a moment goodbye I hope you'll have a nice time I'm so glad she invited you Grace crossed the hall to her own room and was rearranging her hair Preparatory to going down to dinner I think I'll do my hair over again decided Grace that run across a campus shook most of my hair pins loose it'll be at least 10 minutes before the bell rings so I shall have plenty of time but her hair proved refractory and the clang of the dinner bell found her tucking in a last unruly lock I'm going on downstairs Grace cool down from the doorway all right answered Grace as she passed alfreda's room she heard her name uttered in a sibilant whisper Wheeling at the sound gray stepped to the Stout girl's door Alfreda Drew her in and closing the door said nervously what do you suppose has happened I waited and waited for the ant Miss Atkins and she didn't appear so I went down to her room and found the door closed I knocked at least a dozen times until my Knuckles ate but not a sound Came From Within then I came back to my room and waited she hasn't materialized yet I went down to her door just now and knocked again but nothing doing in her agitation Alfreda dropped into slang that is strange greed Grace just post she has been taken suddenly ill search me declared Alfreda warily she ought to be called The Riddle she is past solution isn't she I'm hungry and if she doesn't appear within the next five minutes I'm going to put on my old Brown surge dress and go down to dinner I'm not used to being invited out to dine and then deserted before I've even had a chance to look at the bill of fair never mind comforted Grace I'll ask you to dinner at martel's next week and won't desert you either wait a minute I'll go down to the dining room and see if by any chance she could be there then I'll come upstairs and let you know if she isn't there you had better change your gown and go downstairs with me she isn't there reported Grace five minutes later Miss Taylor is but her roommate is missing parted at the altar quoted Alfreda dramatically would you please unhook me for the second time that night Grace visited herself with the Troublesome Hooks and eyes Alfreda jerked off the new gown her temper was Rising this is what comes a cultivating freaks she muttered lapsing into her old rudeness I might have known she'd do something catch me on any more reform committers the way of the reformer is hard soothe gray so she picked up the Gown Alfreda had thrown in a heap on the floor and folding it laid it across the foot of the Stout girl's couch Alfreda who was reaching into the closet for her Brown surge dress wheeled about regarding Grace solemnly too hard for me she declared Hereafter that Anarchist can attend to her own Reformation the Briggs helping hand Society has disbanded end of chapter 16. recording by Ashley Jane chapter 17 of Grace Harlow's second year at Overton College by Jesse Graham flower this LibriVox recording is in the public domain chapter 17 making other girls happy the Thanksgiving holiday was welcomed with acclimation by the students of Overton College who with a few exceptions ate their Thanksgiving dinners at their various campus houses and boarding places during the four days tables at martells and vintons were in demand and a continuous succession of dinners and luncheons made serious inroads in the month of the allowances of the hospitable entertainers the month of December dragged discouragingly however and when the time really did arrive to pack and be off for the Christmas holidays the latent energy that suddenly developed for packing Trunks and making calls cause a faculty to side with regret that it had not been used in the pursuit of knowledge nothing of any event had happened in Wayne Hall since the evening when Alfreda had waited in rain for Laura Atkins whose invitation to dinner she had accepted this peculiar young woman had offered neither apology nor explanation for her inexplicable behavior in fact the next morning she had completely ignored Alfreda who feeling herself to be the aggrieved one had made no attempt to discover what had prompted the glaring disregard of etiquette for the part of The Eccentric freshman for a week afterward Alfreda discussed and rediscussed the Mystery with Grace and and Miriam then she gave up and discussed and turned her attention to basketball she had lost considerable weight and was now a member of the scrub team her greatest ambition was to make the real team in her junior year and with that intent she steadily refused to eat sweet things took long walks and daily haunted the gymnasium going through the various forms of exercises she had elected to take with commendable persistency Grace had never sought to discover the identity of the Freshman who had stolen her theme she felt reasonably certain that the same roof covered them both but she never allowed herself to reach the point of laying the Finger of Suspicion on anyone in particular that she had been Vindicated that the charge was quite enough for her but she could not resist wandering occasionally what had prompted the deed and whether the other girl had turned over a new Leaf one other thing troubled Grace a little Mildred Taylor had become extremely intimate with Mary Hampton and Alberta Wicks both young women were frequent guests for dinner at Wayne Hall and Mildred spent her spare time almost entirely in their society attitude Juniors were extremely unpopular with the Wayne Hall girls A peculiar constraint invariably fell upon the table when either young woman was Mildred's guests for the evening one has to weigh one's words when Alberta Wicked or Mary Hampton are here Emma Dean had declared significantly to Irene Evans and this seemed to be the prevalent opinion among the students who lived at Wayne Hall Mildred's attitude toward Grace had not changed in manner she was more distant than ever and except for a slight bow when chance brought her to face to face with Grace she gave no evidence of having been more than the nearest acquaintance her dislike for her roommate had to all appearances disappeared and Laura Atkins was now seeing occasionally accompanied with Mildred and her two mischievous Junior friends such was the situation when the long for Christmas vacation arrived Grace Harlow's thoughts were not on her own perplexities as she walked toward Wayne Hall after finishing her last round of calls a new problem had Arisen and as she swung along through the crisp winter air she was in deep thought it was peculiar Christmas weather a light slow had fallen but through the patches of white lying Softly on campus the grass still showed spots of green it had been an unusually long warm fall and to Grace his Winters had been spent much farther north The Madness of December seemed marvelous there she exclaims stopping in the middle of the board consult a small leather book and drawing a pencil through the last item I can go home in peace I have every single thing done even to notifying the express man to come from my trunk a sudden chore sounded down the street behind her turning her head Grace saw Arlene Thayer bowing down upon her I thought I'd never make you hear me panted the little girl Ruth is going home with me after all I thought she would laughed Grace she assured me last night that she wouldn't think of imposing upon you I know your powers of persuasion you have given Ruth a great deal of Happiness Arlene and I am sure she appreciates it too Arlene shortcut Carly had I don't deserve any credit I'm nice with her because I like her I'm Consulting my own selfish pleasure you see and that doesn't count if I didn't care for Ruth I'm afraid I wouldn't bother my head about helping her to have good times you're a Frank at least smiled Grace seriously speaking I'm really very selfish admitted Arlene I never think of doing good for unselfish reasons I don't find any particular interest in being nice with girls who do not appeal to me that house terribly cold-blooded doesn't it they say an only child is always selfish you know oh forgive me Grace I forgot you were an only child goodness knows you were not selfish yes I am contradicted Grace this is my second year at Overton and all the time I've thought about nothing but myself and my friends and my good times this afternoon when I started out to make calls I met Miss Barlow a little freshman who lives in a boarding house down on Beach Street we were going in the same direction and I thoughtlessly asked if she were going home for Christmas second afterward I was sorry her face fell then she brightened her and said no she and seven other girls who lived in the same house were going to have a Christmas tree for three days they had been busy decorating it they'd just finished she asked almost timidly if I would like to see it of course I said yes and we started for her boarding house to the way down at the other end of Overton and the most cheerless looking old barn of a house the inside of the house is almost as cheerless as the outside too they had set up their tree in the Parlor and it was the only bright spot in the room the tree was trimmed with popcorn and pencil there are funny little ornaments of colored paper too that they had made themselves the presents were underneath the tree a few for lawn-looking little packages that made me feel like crying I couldn't truthfully say that the tree was lovely but I did tell Miss Barlow that I thought they'd done splendidly and that I was sorry I hadn't known her better before but I should have liked to help them with their tree then she said she'd always wanted to know me so I had so many friends among the influential girls at Overton she had thought I wouldn't care to know her you can imagine how conscious stricken I felt at home I was a friend of every girl in high school and to think that I'd been developing snobbish traits without realizing it couldn't we do something nice for them before we go our starlene generously it is only three o'clock Why not start a movement among the girls we know and send them a box we can make the girls contribute but we won't tell a soul who it's for we'll ask for money or presence whatever they care to give she went on eagerly what do you think of it do you suppose they would be offended I think it is the greatest thing out exclaimed Grace enthusiastically how can I be offended if we send the things enormously they can't chuckle Darlene gleefully now we'd better separate I'll do Morton House Livingstone Hall and Wellington house you can do Wayne Hall Holland House and those two boarding houses on the corner below you a lot of freshmen and sophomores live there I'll come over to your house with my loot tonight directly after dinner goodbye until then at seven o'clock that night Arlene set down a heavy suitcase and rang the bell at Wayne Hall Grace who had been watching for her from one of the living room windows hastened to open the door thank goodness sighed the little fluffy haired girl I thought I would never be able to drag this suitcase across the campus it is crammed with things I've been busier than all the busy bees that ever buzzed she continued happily following Grace into the living room you can't begin to think how nice everyone has been about half of this stuff in the suitcase is candy one girl at Morton House our 10 boxes given her of course she couldn't eat it all so she put in five Arlene did not volunteer the further information that she was a girl and that the candy was mostly from Wilson men with whom she was extremely popular another girl gave me two pairs of gloves she had half a dozen pairs sent from home she's going to New York for Christmas so her home presence was sent to her here ever so many girls who had brought presents to take home gave me something from their store I caught them just as they were finishing their packing but best of all added Arlene triumphantly sinking into a chair and opening her brown suede handbag I have money fifty dollars that will help some won't it she gave little gleeful chuckle I should say so cast Grace I didn't do quite as well although I have a whole table full of presents come on up and see them none of us have put in our money contribution yet how much have you are Starling curiously so far only 25 replied Grace the girls in the boarding houses are not overburdened with money I collected half of it from the Holland House girls Miriam has promised me five dollars and I'll put in five that makes 35 I haven't asked Alfreda yet she went out on a last shopping tour early this afternoon and hasn't come home yet I suppose she went to vinton's for dinner Anne hasn't given me her money yet did you ask Miss Atkins was Arlene's sudden inquiry she was seized with a recollection of what transpired earlier in the fall Grace shook her head I couldn't she hasn't spoken for me since the beginning of the term shall I run up and ask her proposed Arlene she's quite cordial to me in that quiz if way of hers it is only fair to give her a chance to contribute if she wishes said gray slowly I should say you might better ask her then leave her out I'll go now while I feel in the humor declared Arlene you might ask Miss Taylor too she's Miss Atkins roommate she's been rather distant with me so I haven't approached her on the subject Arlene danced off on her errand with joyful little Skip's anticipation it was not long before she returned a please smile on her baby face think she whispered gleefully she gave me ten dollars she was lovely too and didn't scowl at all I wished her a Merry Christmas and she asked me to take lunch and or dinner with her sometime after Christmas Miss Taylor wasn't there Grace was on the point of replying humorously that she hoped Arlene would not share alfreda's fate when the hour to dine came round she checked herself in time however she had no right to portray alfreda's confidence even to Arlene that was generous in her she said warmly would you like to come upstairs with me now Arlene while I collect my share of contributions Miriam Alfreda will soon be here and I will ask Anne for her money Arlene obediently followed Grace upstairs to her room Grace lighted the gas as she did so she aspired an envelope lying on the rug near the door Crossing to where lay Grace picked it up it bore no super scription she turned it over then finding it unsealed pulled back the flap and peered into it with an exclamation of wonder she Drew forth a crisp 10 bill who just pose left it there she gasped in amazement I thought Hannah was here she must have gone out look in the envelope perhaps there's a card too suggested Arlene hopefully Grace peered into it a second time close to the inner surface of the envelope lay a tiny strip of paper she held it up triumphantly for Arlene's inspection is there any writing on it demanded Arlene Grace scanned the strip of the paper earnestly turned it over and found the faint lead pencil inscription from a friend who can it be pondered Arlene do you recognize the handwriting no Grace looked puzzled it is a welcome gift just think Carlene we have 100 you're 50 and Miss Atkins 10 makes 60 and this makes 70. 25 I have and twenty dollars more from the four of us makes 115 that would mean a great deal to those girls I only wish it were more if I'd known sooner I would not have been so extravagant in buying my Christmas presents declared Arlene regretfully there isn't time to write father for more I don't like to Telegraph I've been positively Reckless with money this month when I go home I'll go and have a talk with Father oh Grace Harlow I have a perfectly lovely idea she continued joyfully clasping her two small hands about Grace's arm if I'm not going to say a word until I come back to Wolverton then I won't ask questions smiled Grace come now help me with these packages it's eight o'clock and we haven't made a start yet we'd better wrap the presents in two large packages I will ask Mrs Elwood for some wrapping paper and we'll bring the suitcase up here it was almost nine o'clock when Grace and Arlene descended the steps of Wayne Hall with mystery written on their faces each girl carried a known weirdly bundle in the center of Grace's bundle securely wrapped in fold after fold of tissue paper was a little box it contained 115 dollars in bills wrapped about the bills was the following note addressed to Esther Barlow The Freshman Grace has encountered that afternoon Merry Christmas to yourself and your seven freshman friends Santa Claus how can we manage to deliver this stuff without being seen demanded Arlene my arms ache already and we haven't walked a block Grace set down her bundle on a convenient horse block and pause to consider Arlene dropped hers beside it with a sigh of relief I know what we can do said Grace reflectively we can get Mr symes to go with us he is that old man who does errands and takes messages forever so many of the girls who will go with him as far as the corner then he can carry the things to the door and give them to the woman who owns the boarding house he lives just around the corner from here you stay here and watch a bundles and I will see if I can find him Grace found Mr symes at home and quite willing to carry out the final detail of the Christmas plan the old man was duly sworn to secrecy and entered into the spirits of his errand almost as heartless to Darlene and Grace at the chosen Corner the girls halted repeated their final instructions and drawing back into the shadow left him to deliver the two borky packages his wrinkled face wreathed in smiles he smiled even more broadly on his return to the watches as Grace slipped a crisp green note into his hand and wished him a merry Christmas now we ought to do a little celebrating on our own account she proposed suppose we pay a visit to finton's it isn't too cold for Isis that is just what I was thinking agreed Arlene an hour later Arlene and Grace said goodbye on the corner below Wayne Hall I won't see you in the morning at the station Grace said Arlene regretfully my train leaves a whole hour later than yours I hope we will have a perfectly lovely Christmas I hope eight other girls will too don't you your dear little Daffy Down Dilly small Grace as she kissed Darlene's upturned face I'm sure they will and they have you to thank for their pleasure though they'll never know it end of chapter 17. recording by Ashley Jane chapter 18 of Grace Harlow's second year at Overton College by Jesse Graham flower this Liberty Fox recording is in the public domain chapter 18 Mrs Gray's Christmas children if this isn't like old times then nothing ever will be exclaimed David Nesbitt beaming on Anne Pearson who was busy pouring tea for the eight Originals in Mrs Gray's comfortable Library Old Times explained to P Wingate accepting his teacup with a flourish that threatened to send its contents into the lap of Nora O'Malley who sat beside him on the big leather Davenport it takes me back to the days when I had only to lift my hand and say table prepare thyself and someone of these Fair damsels immediately invited me to a banquet gone are the days when I wax fat and prosperous now I'm thin and pale a victim of adversity I think he looks doubter than ever declared Nora Crawley you say you have lost 10 pounds but she Shrugged her shoulders significantly cruel cruel moont hippie it is sad to see such calloused inhumanity in one so young pass me the cakes and the chocolate covered ones they at least will afford me sweet consolation I object into post-ready books don't give him that plate hand him one or two Anne I like the looks of those cakes too man do you mean to insinuate the time not what I seem demanded hippie glowing belligerently at ready no I'm stating plainly that you're exactly what you seem that's why I'm looking out for my share of the cakes always prompted by selfish motives deplored hippie how thankful I am that the sweet Blossom of unselfishness blooms freely in my heart it is true that I would eat all the cakes on that plate but from a purely unselfish motive let's hear the motive geared Tom Gray I would eat them all replied hippie gently favoring the company with one of his famously wide smiles to save you my beloved friends from indigestion it is better that I should bear your suffering thank you for talking David Nesbitt dryley helping himself to the coveted cakes and passing the plate over hip his head to Mrs Gray I prefer to do my own suffering oh as you like returned hippie early I've always been fonder of Mrs Gray than I can say he sidled ingratiatingly toward why Mrs Gray sat her cheeks pink with the excitement of having her Christmas children with her from the time Grace Miriam and Anne stepped off the train into the waiting arms of their dear ones their vacation had been a season of continued rejoicing Mrs Gray who Tom Gravely declared would celebrate her 25th birthday next April was tireless in her efforts to make their brief stay in Oakdale a happy one on Christmas night she had gathered them in and given them a dinner and a tree she'd also given a luncheon in honor of Anne and a large party on New Year's night it was now the evening after New Year's and the morning train would take the boys back to college Grace Miriam and Anne would leave a day later for Overton Nora and Jessica were to remain in Oakdale until the following week it seemed only natural that they should spend their last evening together at the home of their old friend outside the eight Originals Miriam had been the only one invited to this last intimate Gathering now hippie stick to the truth command in Mrs Gray shaking her finger at him but handing him the plate at the same time hippie swoops down upon it with a gargle of delight it's the truth I swear it he declared holding up one fat hand in which he clutched a cake what made you give him the plate Aunt Rose asked Tom approachfully bless you Char there are plenty of cakes let hippie have as many as he can eat Vindicated chuckled hippie between cakes and given full possession besides I wouldn't be so greedy sniff Nora O'Malley I'm so glad I disliked greedy little girls retorted hippie patronizingly stop squabbling into post Grace here we are on Eve of separation and yet due to a bickering as energetically as when you first caught sight of each other two weeks ago did you ever agree on any subject let me see said hippie did we Nora never replied Nora emphatically then let's begin now suggested hippie hopefully if you'll agree always to agree with me I will agree thank you if I can't imagine myself ever being so foolish interrupted nor velosterly she spoke the truth said hippie sadly we can never agree it is better that we should part will you think of me when I am gone that is a burning question will you won't you can you can't you remember me he beams sentimentally on Nora who beamed on him in return at the same time making almost imperceptible signs to Grace to capture the plate of cakes of which hippie was still in possession in his efforts to be impressive hippie had for the moment forgotten the cakes but he was not to be caught napping the instant graceway the sly movement toward the plate it was whisked from under her fingers naughty naughty mustn't touch he exclaimed eye and Grace reprovingly let him alone girls and come over here broke in David Nesbitt he only does these things to make himself the center of Attraction he wants all the attention ha did hippie exultantly David thinks that crushing remark will fill me with such overwhelming shame that I shall drop the cakes and retire to a distant corner he little knows what manner of man I am I'll defend my rights until not a Vestige of Doubt remains as to who is who in Oakdale there's not a vegetative doubt in my mind as to what will happen in about 10 seconds if certain people don't mend their ways threatened ready rising from his chair determination in his eyes take the cakes Grace in treated hippie hastily shoving the plate into Grace's hand nor will protect me don't let him get me please Mister I haven't any cakes I gave them all to a poor miserable beggar who ready you may have them broken Grace decisively it is bad enough to have an unpleasant Duty thrust upon one but to be called names I never did never protested hippie this was a mere figure of speech didn't you ever hear of one not that kind and you can't have the cakes again said Jessica firmly give them to me Grace Jessica always helped ready grumbled hippie nav Nora would only stand up for me we can manage this whole organization with one hand she is such a splendid fighter I'll never speak to you again hippie Wingate declared Nora turning her back on him with a final heir of dismissal gently gently explained hippie raising his hand in ex postulation I was about to say that you Nora are a splendid fighter he poor significantly for the right what can be more noble than to fight for the right now aren't you sorry you repudiated me if you will say so immediately I will Overlook the other remark but you must be quick timeline won't wait a minute remember I'm going away tomorrow goodbye retorted Nora indifferently I'll see you again someday forsaken forsaken forsaken am I wild hippie hopelessly Out Of Tune now see what you've done commented David Nesbitt disgustedly I'm truly sorry I apologize Nora hippie if you will stop singing I'll forgive you and allow you to sit beside me she patted the Davenport invitingly I thought you bought green Tippy seating himself triumphantly beside her I always gained my point by singing that song to appeals to people it is so pathetic they would give Wilds to have you stop it supplemented Tom Gray yes declared hippie no I don't mean yes at all Tom Gray is an unfeeling monster I refuse to say another word I have subsided now may I have some more tea and filled the Stout young man's cup and handed it to him with a smile what you're going to be when you grow up hippie she asks mischievously a break man replied hippy promptly I always did like to ride on trains that's why I'm spending four years in college don't waste your breath on him and advise Nora he won't tell anyone what he intends to do I've asked him a hundred times he now those two he really isn't as foolish as he looks I'm going to try for a position in the Department of Forestry at Washington after I get through college announce Tom Gray I'm going into business with my father declared ready I don't know yet what my work would be said David Nesbitt reflectively all of you children will be famous one of these days predicted Mrs Gray sagely she had been listening delightedly to the merry voices of the young people to her as well as to his young friends hippie was a never-failing source for amusement to choose a profession is easier for boys than for girls declared Grace I haven't the slightest idea what I should do after my college Days Are Over most boys end college with their minds made up as to what their future work is going to be but very few girls decide until the last minute girls whose parents can afford to send them to college don't have to decide as a rule said Nora wisely but almost every young man thinks about it from the first no matter how much money his father is worth that is true my dear nodded Mrs Gray yes I'm sure my girls as well as my boys will astonish the world someday in fact Anne has already proved her meta Nora hopes to become a great singer Jessica a Pianist and Grace and Miriam are still floundering helplessly trying to discover their respective vocations supplemented Grace yes Mrs Gray smart Miriam our future careers are shrouded in mystery time enough yet said Mrs Gray cheerily going to college doesn't necessitate adopting a profession you know perhaps when your college Days Are Over you will find your vocation very near home perhaps a centered Grace doubtfully only I'd like to do noble Deeds not dream them all day long she quoted laughingly and so make life death and the fast forever one grand sweet song finished and softly that is what I should do when I am a Breakman declared hippie confidently you mean you will make life miserable for everyone who comes within a mile of you Jade ready Brooks ready how can you thus ruthlessly belittle my tenderest hope my fondest Ambitions what do you know about my future career as a Breakman I intend to be touchingly faithful to my duty kind and considerate to the public in time the world will hear of me and I shall be honored and revered which you never would be at home put in David sarcastically what great man is ever appreciated in his own country questioned hippie gently even ready was obliged to smile at this retort let the future take care of itself said Tom Gray lazily the night is yet young let us do stunts Grace and Miriam must do their Spanish dance for us then it will be Norris and Jessica's turn hippie can sing nothing's sentimental though David ready hippie and I will then enact for you a starring drama of Metropolitan Life entitled oakdale's great mystery with the eminent actor Theophilus hippopotamus Wingate as the mystery let the show begin we will have the Spanish dance first come on Miriam laugh Grace we'd better be obliging then we should be omitted to the rest of the performance the impromptu show that followed was a repetition of the stunts for which the various members of the little circle were famous and which were always performed for Mrs Gray's pleasure oakdale's great mystery of which hippie calmly admitted the authorship proved to be a ridiculous travesty on a melodrama which the boys had seen the previous winter hippie is the much faunted mystery with the handkerchief mask a sweeping red Portia cloak and an ultra mysterious Shuffle was received with streaks of laughter by the audience the dramatic manner in which after a series of humorous complications the mystery was run to Earth and unmasked by deadlocked Jones the king of detectives was portrayed by David who was startling realism and elected loud Applause that's the funniest vastu boys have ever given laugh Mrs Gray's hippie removed his mask with a loud sigh of relief and wiped his perspiring forehead with it you'll be a playwright someday hippie I'd rather be a break man persisted hippie with his Cheshire Cat grin it was half past ten o'clock when the last good night had been said and the young people were on their way home as the Nesbit residence was so near Mrs Gray's home Miriam was escorted to her door by a married bodyguard at Putnam Square the little company halted for a moment before separating Nora Jessica hippie and ready going in One Direction Grace and Tom and David in the other are you coming down to the train tomorrow morning to see us off ask David Nesbitt his question including the four girls of course replied Grace don't we always see you off on a train whenever you go back to school before we do then we will Reserve our sad farewells until the morning being Tippy sad farewells exclaimed Norris scornfully I never yet saw you look sad over saying goodbye to us you always smile at the last minute as though you were going to a picnic it is only to hide my sorrow and my child returned hippie lugubriously was tab the whole town look upon my tears and dear cry baby that's a very good excuse sniff Nora not an excuse corrected hippie to cloak to hide my real feelings that will do hippopotamus cut in David decisively we don't wish to hear the wise and wear force of your feelings if we stay to listen to them we'll be here on this very spot when our train leaves tomorrow morning wait until we come back for Easter hippie then if you begin the first day you're home you'll finish before we go back to college suggested Grace that's a good idea declared hippie joyfully I shall remember it and look forward to the Easter vacation I shall come home for Easter then decided Nora mercilessly then I shant look forward to anything replied hippie with such earnestness that even scornful Nora forgot to retort sharply we all hope to be together again at Easter said Grace looking affectionately from one to the other of the little group remember everyone your good resolution about letters we'll talk about that in the morning laughed ready who are bored letter writing you mean you'll forget about it said Jessica significantly we all have our thoughts mourned hippie now as for myself taking away Nora beg David I will agree Nora come on hippy ready you and Jessica help me tear him away from this corner how can you tear me away now at the precise moment when I had begun to enjoy myself too who approached hippie this is only the beginning was radish threatening answer we're going to leave you stranded on the next Corner then you can go on a join yourself alone try it Dad hippie if you do I shall lift up my voice and tell everyone in this block how I'm feeling and hard-hearted some persons are I shall mention names in my most stentorian tones and the public will Rush forth from their houses to hear the truth about you ah here is the corner now leave me at your peril his mind is wandering said ready sadly he imagines he's still oakdale's great mystery with better lead him home I'll take his left arm and Nora will take my right interrupt his hippie Reddy you may attend to your own Affairs and keep your distance from my left arm Jessica please look after ready his mind is wandering in fact it always has wandered craziest as crazy does you know yes we know flown back David significantly do you are sipping apparent innocence I was so afraid you didn't to lose one's mind as a dreadful Affliction but not to know that one is crazy is even worse I'm so relieved David Grace Tom and all of you that last you know the truth concerning yourselves it is indeed a sad a moment later the loquacious hippie was settled down the street by three determined young people while the other four turned their steps in the opposite direction end of chapter 18. recording by Ashley Jane chapter 19 of Grace Harlow's second year at Overton College by Jesse Graham flower this LibriVox recording is in the public domain chapter 19 Arlene's plan it was beautiful to be at home it is nice to be here too if it wasn't for mid-year exams I could be happy side Grace Harlow as she rearranged three New Sofa pillows she had brought from home the gifts of Oakdale friends Grace and Dan had invited Arlene Thayer and Ruth Denton to dinner and Miriam and Alfreda had dropped him for a brief chat before the dinner bell rang we'll all survive even mid-year predicted Miriam confidently we had a perfectly lovely time in New York didn't we Arlene asked Ruth Denton looking at the little curly-haired girl with fond dies Arlene nodded I wish our vacation had been two weeks longer she remarked wistfully I just began to get acquainted with father when it is time to go back to college again have you seen many of the guards only the Morton House girls are new answered Arlene this is the first call I've made outside the house uh all the way in Hall girls here Miss Taylor hasn't come back yet said Alfreda do you girls happen to know why she spent her vacation no said Grace I didn't see her before I left when first she came to Wayne Hall she seemed to like me that the sophomore reception I hurt her feelings unintentionally you may be sure I'm afraid she's never forgiven me for sin she has avoided me she must have very sensitive feelings remarked how Freedom bluntly what did you do to Heart them I missed asking her to dance explained Grace I didn't see her until late that evening and when I apologized now see her card she refused saying coldly that my forgetting to ask her to dance was of no consequence since then she is hardly spoken to me why didn't you tell me that before asked Alfreda quickly that accounts for certain things don't be mysterious Alfreda put in Miriam tell us what you mean by certain things you guys know it on several occasions before Christmas Alberta Wicks and Mary Hampton were invited here to dinner who invited them Miss Taylor so Alberta worked retaliated by taking Miss Taylor home with her for the holidays really last movie I'm in Surprise who told you they went home on the same train with Emma Dean who turned Alfreda she sat two seats behind them has anyone seen the anarchist no one answered why don't we change the subject and talk about something pleasant complained Arlene Thayer do you remember saying to me the night before you went home that you had thought of a lovely plan reminded Grace yes returned Arlene I'm glad you reminded me of it while we are all here just before I went home for my vacation that I did popped into my head that we ought to organize some kind of society for helping these girls who come to Overton with little or no money and who depend on the work they find to do here to help them through college like me put in Ruth slyly don't interrupt me retorted Arlene smiling at Ruth when I went home I had a talk with father and he was promised to give me 500 with which to start a fund now what I propose to do is to organize little Society of our own with the same object and view there's one Society of that kind here at Overton that is always so besieged with the request for help so I don't imagine it more than keeps its head above water there's room for another at any rate I don't see why we can't be the girls to organize it Arlene looked questioningly about the circle of interested faces I think it would be Splendid said Miriam emphatically I know my mother would contribute toward it so would par and Ma declared Alfreda supposed to be all right home tonight what do you think of it Grace and Anne said Arlene so far neither of you have said a word neither has Ruth made any remarks reply Dan why don't you ask her I think she has something to say on the subject all eyes were immediately turned on Ruth who flushed looked almost distressed then said slowly could the girls who asked for help borrow the money and return it as soon as they were able of course responded Arlene don't be afraid that you're going to have charity thrust upon you Ruth that would be the only basis on which we could establish a society of that kind commented Miriam an Overton girl would hesitate to make use of the money except as a loan what do we call ourselves asked Alfreda abruptly we can decide on a name later said Arlene the thing to decide now is shall we or shall we not form the society answer yes or no yes was the chorus don't you think said Grace after a slight deliberation that it would be nicer if we could finance a society ourselves instead of asking our fathers and mothers for money it isn't any particular effort for most of us to write home for money how much better it would be if we could say that we had earned the money ourselves or saved it from our allowances but what about my 500 question Darlene plaintively as the originator of this scheme I claim the privilege of putting in as much Capital as I please I'm going to be the exception that proves the rule besides father has already promised me the money take the 500 for the base of our fund then we will pledge ourselves here after to earn or contribute whatever money we put into it what do you say to that girls ask Grace I think Carlene ought to be allowed to give the 500 if she wishes said Miriam to turn money and her plan besides we need the money I think so too echoed Alfreda we might call the society the Arlene Thayer Club if you dare began Arlene save your breath my child I didn't mean that seriously George Alfreda however we'd better begin our society here tonight there are six of us shall we add one number or let well enough alone I'd like to have Gertrude wells in it said Arlene shall we make it strictly a sophomore affair I think it would be better replied Grace then let us ask Emma Dean Elizabeth Wade Marion Cummings and Elsie Wilton pursued Arlene 7 8 9 10 counted and let's make it a dozen suggested Miriam then who sure that other members be why not ask the Emerson twins suggested Arlene they would be good material and they are both Splendid on committed Julia Emerson nearly worked her head off for the sophomore reception last fall very well we will ask them agreed Grace in case any one of the girls we have named but haven't yet interviewed should not wish to belong to our society we can propose someone else to take her place in the meantime we must each be thinking of a name for our little club we can meet in the library after the last class tomorrow afternoon and go from there to Vincent's to talk over it Elizabeth Wade and Marion Cummings we can easily see the others The Dinner Bell thank goodness exclaimed Alfreda fervently I'm almost starved I hope dinner will be better than last night's offering everything we had to eat was warranted to Fathom one never mind Alfreda consoled Arlene think how nice it would be when you meet the team that will be a reward worth having yes if I make it Grumble the Stout girl we will go on with our new plan after dinner said Grace then as an afterthought she added don't say anything about it at the table suppose we keep it a secret until our society is in running order hello children greeted Emma Dean as I entered the dining room that night as a board of directors been holding a meeting I see you all here several girls already seated that the table looked up smilingly as the six girls slipped into their places Laura Atkins returned Arlene's friendly nod with a cold bow she did not appear to see the others during the progress of the meal she said little keeping up with pretense of indifferences to what went on around her nevertheless her eyes strayed more than once toward the end of the table where Alfreda was entertaining the girl sitting nearest to her with a ludicrous account of what had happened to her on her way back to Overton Miriam accidentally intercepted one of these straying glances in it she fancy she read reproach a quick flush Rose to Laura Atkins cheeks drawn down her eyebrows she scowled defiantly at Miriam then turned her head away and went on with her dinner after dinner the discussion of the proposed Club was renewed with energy Emma Dean's innocent illusion at dinner to the meeting of the board of directors had brought smiles to the faces of the six girls after they had again gathered in Grace's room Alfreda was dispatched to Emma's room with orders to bring her to the council no matter what her engagements or obligations might be I knew something was going to happen was Emma's calm announcement as she followed Alfreda into the room to quote my esteemed friend Miss Briggs I could see it in your eyes at dinner I have a theme to write a dressmaker to see and four letters to answer but still I am here we can readily understand how deeply it must have grieved you to shun the dressmaker put off writing your theme and tear yourself away from your correspondence sympathize Miriam Nesbitt her eyes twinkling as long as you understand it we won't say anything more about it was Emma tasty reply I move that we avoid personalities and proceed to business end of chapter 19. recording by Ashley Jane chapter 20 of Grace Harlow's second year at Overton College by Jesse Graham flower this LibriVox recording is in the public domain chapter 20 a welcome guest the meeting in the library the next day followed by a social session at vinton's resulted in the enthusiastic organization of the society proposed by Grace Assad bin suggested every girl had brought with her a slip of paper and which was written the name she had selected for the society Arlene collected the names and read each one in turn to the assembled girls which one do you like best she asked looking from one to another of her friends the first one said Miriam Nesbitt so do I echoed half a dozen voices semper fidelis repeated Grace amusingly I like the sound of that too who proposed that name I did admitted emedeen I thought it might stand for our motto as well it means always faithful you know that applies to us doesn't it of course we shall be always faithful to our cause declared Grace all those in favor of the name semper fidelis please manifest it by holding up their right hands twelve right hands were raised simultaneously that settles it stated Grace from now on we are the semper fidelis girls let us lose no time in leaving the sacred precincts of the library for vinton's we can make more noise there after the second Sunday all around had been disposed of the society settled down to business it was decided that the club should be a purely social Affair Arlene was chosen for president Grace for vice president and Gertrude Wells as secretary and treasurer there was to be no special day set aside for meetings a meeting might be called at any time at the United request of three members the sole object of the club was to extend a helping hand to the young women who were making praiseworthy efforts to put themselves through college the foremost duty of the society would be to ascertain the names of these girls and offer them pecuniary assistance Arlene had written her father for the promise check for 500 which would be deposited in the bank in Gertrude Wilder's name as soon as it arrived I might as well tell you now that I wrote and asked par for a check in spite of what gray said confessed Alfreda rather sheepishly I might as well confess that I mentioned the club idea to mother said Miriam I didn't ask her for her check child wouldn't be astonished if she sent one in her next letter you two girls are traitors to the cause last Grace perhaps you will be disappointed I won't asserted Alfreda boldly Paul might as well help us as anyone else I told him so the important question is what can we do to earn money for our cause ask Grace we might give a play said Miriam Nesbitt and can star in it I should like to have the Overton girl see her at her best I don't wish to be seen at my best protested Anne I want the other girls to have a chance too why not give a Vaudeville show Grace and Miriam can dance Alfreda can give imitations there are plenty of things we can do we'll advertisers show in all the campus houses and each of us must pledge ourselves to sell a certain number of tickets I think we will be allowed to use the musical for the show and if we could sell tickets enough to fill it even comfortably would mean quite a sum of money for our treasury we might charge 50 cents for admittance or if you think that is too much we might put the price down to 25 cents I think we better charge 50 cents said Alfreda shrewdley but it's easy for those who come to pay 50 cents as to pay 25 you might as well have the other quarters vinton's or martells Alfreda you're a brilliant and valuable condition to this Society commended Arlene I agree with you we're likely to reap almost as many half dollars as quarters we might give an act from one of Shakespeare's plays for Mark Gertrude whilst doubtfully so I think it would be more fun to just have stunts those of us who know any ought to be willing to come forward and do them we can ask some of the upper class girls to help Beatrice Alden sings so does Francis Marlton Mabel Ash can do almost any kind of fancy dancing there's plenty of talent in college the junior Glee Club will sing for us I'm sure we can make it a regular fraud for entertainment and have posters announcing each number we can have two girls costumed as pages to bring out and remove the posters announcing the numbers that's a good idea approve Darlene I could sing baby in the her girl songs and dance a little I might sing one to fill in you're engaged to sing one the first time you come to see me last Grace here is Talent of which we never dreamed I knew you could sing but you never before confessed to being a real song and dance artist we shall have all Headliners in our show as the billboard advertisements beautifully put it commented Miriam I wish Eleanor were here don't you Grace then Anne could recite Enoch Arden who was out in them why can't Anne recite Enoch Harden without her were Elsie Wilson's curious inquiries the Eleanor would speak of as in Italy studying music or was the last time we heard from her she used to live in Oakdale and is one of our dearest friends she arranged music to be played during Anne's recital of Enoch Arden they gave it a concert at home and it was a tremendous success I wish she were to be here to our show then said Arlene plaintively we would feature what's her other name savelli replied Grace quickly Eleanor severely the famous Italian pianist announced Arlene bowing to an imaginary audience her name is the same as that of severely the great virtuoso isn't it he is her father said Grace simply a little murmur of astonishment went up oh if she had only come to Overton instead of going to Italy side Elizabeth Wade I heard severely play at a concert three years ago I shall never forget him we were awfully disappointed into post Miriam Elena's father was to tour America this winter but changed his mind there was talk for spring tour but we haven't heard from Elena for over a month so we don't know whether there is any possibility of his sailing for America if he did come to this country Elena would be sure to accompany him she has promised us that there's no use in wishing for the impossible children said Emma Dean briskly rising from the table and beginning to put on her coat there's also no use in being late for dinner in spite of this volunteer through past she indicated that empty Sunday glasses I yarn from Mrs Elwood's simple but infinitely more satisfying Fair it's almost six o'clock those that are going with me hurry up we must have another meeting within the next two or three days declared Grace can all of you guys come to our room next Friday evening in the meantime we will arrange a program which will be brought before the club for approval at our next meeting don't any of you fail to be there as the Wayne Hawk out flocked in the front door that night Mrs L wood met them with Miss Harlow there's a young lady in the living room waiting for you she's been there almost an hour for me inquired great in Surprise I'll go in at once an instant later the girls heard a delighted in her cry of Eleanor you dear thing then gray sprang to the door exclaiming girls girls come in here once you can never guess who is here at the Cry of Elena Miriam and Anne who were halfway upstairs ran down again and into the living room they were followed by Alfreda who paused on the stairs then turned and went slowly up to her room last year I wouldn't have known enough to go on about my business she muttered as she walked solidly into her room and sat down on the end of the couch ten minutes later Miriam burst into the room with come downstairs Alfreda don't you want to meet Elena you know you have said so ever so many times she's very anxious to meet you of course I want to meet her returned our freedom with a short embarrassed laugh this room is a place for me though until you are ready to introduce me are you sure you want me to go downstairs you funny girl laughed Miriam of course we want you we've just been telling Eleanor about you she hasn't time to come upstairs now if her father is waiting for her at the terrain he's going back to New York City tonight has a concert tomorrow Grace Ann and I are going to dine with them I'm sorry I can't take you along but perhaps it will come again to Overton Ellen is going to stay a week longer if we can coax her to remain she's traveling with her father we must hurry downstairs where Eleanor is to meet her father at half past six o'clock and it is quarter past now I've read a shook hands with Eleanor almost timidly she was deeply impressed with the latter's exquisite beauty so this is Alfreda smart Elena patting the Stout girl's hand I've learned to know you through the letters my friends have written me I feel as though you were an old friend it's awfully nice for you to say so marmad Alfreda her eyes shining with pleasure won't you go with us to the terrain asked Eleanor sweetly I would like to have you meet my father thank you almost asked Alfreda I'd love to meet him but I think never mind thinking interrupted Elena Gailey just hurry into your raps and come along we'll wait for you that sweet new Eleanor said Grace in the low tone as Alfredo ran upstairs she was wild to go with us she has washed it forever since we showed her your picture she has heard your father play to her and considers him the greatest violinist living I suspected she wished to be included in the invitation smart Elena I imagine I'm going to like her very much Guido severely had engaged a private dining room at the terrain for his young guests he welcomed them with true Latin enthusiasm and see him seated at the head of the table one would never have suspected him to be the Moody temperamental genius whose playing had made him famous in two continents when the time came to leave the hotel for the train it was escorted to the station by an admiring bodyguard of five young women remember you have promised to visit Overton again before you leave New York reminded Grace as he walked down the station platform between grace and Eleanor he will declared Eleanor I shall make him come back to Overton for me goodbye father take care of yourself remember to go for your walk every day won't you he's the nicest father she said Softly As a little group turned to leave the station after the train had gone now take me to your house and let's have an old-fashioned gossip have so much to tell you and I want to hear about Overton a happy party gathered in Grace's room that night for an old-time talk about Oakdale our freedom was the only Outsider present for her benefit the story of the stolen class money and its timely recovery by grace and Eleanor as related in Grace Harlow's senior year at high school was retold as well as many other eventful happenings of their high school life at a quarter to ten o'clock the four girls escorted Elena to the terrain returning just inside the half past 10 o'clock limit well what do you think of Elena Alfreda asked Grace stopping for a moment outside the room shared by Miriam and Alfreda before going to her own don't ask me you've joined Alfreda fervently I can't thank you girls enough for the good time I've had tonight to want to say if there's anything I can do for any of you just count on J Alfreda Briggs to do it it isn't necessary for you to tell us that Alfreda said Anne we know that you were true blue and so did Zelena does she really like me are self reader eagerly she likes you very much into posed Grace she said so now I'm going to give a lunchroom for her tomorrow afternoon at vinton's declared Alfreda with shining eyes I wanted to suggest it tonight but I was afraid she might not care to come couldn't you see that she liked you teased Miriam no I couldn't there are lots of things I can't see one of them is why you guys ever went so much trouble to make me see Good Night cast in one glance of love and loyalty toward her friends Alfreda vanished into her room and wise Miriam took care not to enter the room until the Stout girls moment of self communion had passed end of chapter 20 recording by Ashley Jane chapter 21 of Grace Harlow's second year at Overton College by Jesse Graham flower this Liberty Fox recording is in the public domain chapter 21 a gift to Semper Fidelis when the news was whispered about through Overton college that the attractive young woman who was frequently seen in company with Grace Harlow and her friends was a daughter of Guido safeli the renowned virtuoso it created a wide Ripple of excitement among the four classes curious Juniors and dignified seniors grew interested and Mabel Ash and Francis Martin who were Ellen the sworn Cavaliers who were besieged with requests for introductions far from being spoiled by so much adulation Ellen laughingly attributed it to her father's genius and flouted the ideas her own delightful personality had made her a reigning favorite during her stay in Overton it took Grace some time to recover from the surprise occasion by Elena's unexpected arrival during the month in which she had received no letter from Elena Guido's Valley had reconsidered his decision not to appear in America and instead of canceling his contract had sailed at the 11th hour to fulfill it taking Eleanor with him you arrived just in time for our show exclaim Grace gleefully to Eleanor the two girls sat opposite each other at the library table in the living room at Wayne Hall making up the program for the Ford filled performance which was to be held in the Music Hall on the following Friday evening oh Elena don't you think you can go home with me for Easter never mind if heart sees is closed you can have just as much fun at our house we have only one more week here you know in your father's concert tour doesn't end for another month pleaded Grace I think I can arrange it reflected Eleanor because I know that father misses me so in some way it is like an overgrown child all great musicians are like that I believe it is a Pity to take you away from him admitted Grace but we would like having you with us besides Tom Gray is going to bring Donald R to Oakdale with him for the Easter Donald will be disappointed if he doesn't see you Eleanor I'd like to see him too who turned Eleanor frankly he's one of the nicest young men I know father is coming down here for our show unless something unforeseen happens Asha coax him to play I imagine he will be willing he will play if you ask him Grace I wish we might feature him on the bulletin board reflected Grace with the met I wish we might feature him on the bulletin board reflected Grace with a managerial eye to business dude wouldn't like that we could have him for a surprise though I'll tell you what I'll do volunteered Elena I'll telephone his hotel in New York and ask him if he says yes we can go ahead and count on him to furnish over to him with a surprise oh Elena could you would you do it ask Grace a note of excitement in her voice I'll telephone at once nodded Eleanor Rising suppose we go over to the terrain to do it within the next hour Elena and Grace had talked with Guido severely to take very little coaxing to secure his promise to play it Overton on Friday night as he gave his last performance in New York on Thursday evening and was free until the following Monday when he would appear in Boston it seems Almost providential Doesn't it asked Elena as she hung up the receiver he could not have come at any other time I'm so happy over it I could just hurray declared Grace jubiantly our new father would not refuse us smart Elena now hadn't we better hurry home and make up the rest of the program by 8 o'clock Friday evening every available foot of space in Music Hall was crowded with Overton students the front rows of the hall had been reserved for the faculty who were quite in sympathy with the idea of the new club in order to obtain permission to use this Hall Grace had gone to the dean with the story of the organization of semper fidelis and its purpose the dean has sympathized heartily with the movement and had at once laid the matter before the president of the college who willingly gave the desired permission as the semper fidelis Club was composed entirely of sophomores 12 young women of the sophomore class had been detailed as astrud and ticket takers the majority of the club members were down on the program therefore these duties had been turned over to their classmates Grace besides appearing in the Spanish dance with Miriam had taken upon herself to duties of stage manager the two smallest sophomores in the class dressed as pages had been chosen to place the posters announcing the various numbers on the standards at each side of the stage these posters have been designed and painted by Beatrice Alton and Francis Marlton who with Mabel Ash Constance Fuller and several other public spirited seniors had generously offered their services as both Beatrice and Francis possess considerable skill with the brush they turned out extremely decorative posters which were afterwards sold to various admiring students for souvenirs of the club's First Entertainment I'm so tired declared Grace to Eleanor as they stood at one side of the stage with the Glee Club composed of Juniors and seniors arranged themselves Preparatory to filling on the stage everything seems to be going beautifully though not single performers disappointed us how pretty the Glee Club girls look tonight lovely agreed Eleanor the audience is out as its best Bib and Tucker too nearly every girl in the house is in the evening dress consider the occasion last Grace our show would not have amounted to much if it had not been for you and your distinguished father and could not have recited enochard and without your accompaniment and the crown and Glory of having the greater belly play would have been missing reminds me of our concert Helena she added softly Elena's blue eyes met Grace's gray ones with ineffable tenderness the concert that brought me my father she murmured seems ages since that night Grace can't realize that I've ever been away from father it does take a long time since our senior year in high school agreed Grace musingly a gracious Eleanor the Glee Club are waiting for the signal to go on while we stand here reminiscing grace hoed to the wing where one of the pages stood patiently holding the Glee Club poster and signaled to the page on the opposite side and instantly to the singers is fired on the stage for their opening song as the show progressed the audience became more enthusiastic and clamored loudly for on course our freed his imitations without continuous laughter and dainty Arlene Thayer looked not more than seven years old was a delightful success from her first babyish lisp her song of the goblin man who stole little children to work for him in his underground cellar with its catchy chorus of runaway you little children was immediately adopted by Overton and when later it was noised about that Ruth had written the words while Arlene had composed the music both girls were later brushed by the dramatic club and made members an honor to which assuming Ruth had some difficulty in becoming accustomed and our card into Elena's piano accompaniment met with an ovation greedosavelli had been purposely placed last on the program no one will care for anything else after he plays the audience will have the memory of his music to take away with them Grace had said wisely knowing the musician's horror of being lionized greater confided the secret to No One except Miriam Ann Maple Ash and Alfreda who in the company with her and Eleanor had met him up the train and dined with him at the terrain it had been arranged that at half past nine o'clock and an elf reader should go for him and escort him to Musical at precisely 10 minutes past 10 o'clock he was escorted through the side entrance to the hall by his two smiling guides and into the little room just off the stage that did Duty for a green room Eleanor's quick exclamation of you have plenty of time father there are two more numbers before you of course the various performers to open their eyes and when Ellena turned to those in the room saying sweetly girls this is my father he's going to play for us astonishment looked out from every face in order that the surprise might be complete grated purposely withheld until the last moment the post is bearing Guido savella's name one or two pages placed them up on their respective standards a positive sigh of astonishment went up from the audience that changed to vociferous Applause as Eleanor appeared and took her place at the piano a second lay to the greater Valley walked on stage violin in hand Elena having frequently accompanied him on the piano in private had begged to be allowed for once to accompany him in public as a delighted audience listened to the music of the man whose playing had won for him the homage of two continents they realized that they had been granted an unusual privilege how did he happen to stray into Overton I suppose great artists like him never condescended to play outside of the large cities were the whispered comments one stately Old Gentleman in particular who had been the guest of the president at dinner and who sat beside him during the performance grew enthusiastically curious ask me all sorts of questions who had planned and manage the entertainment what was the object of December for Dallas Club how long had it been in existence who had been unfamiliar enough times with severely to introduce him to play at the show the president answered the questions with the coming patients promising to introduce him to Grace Harlow and Arlene Thayer who he stated had been responsible for the organization of the club later the Curious Old Gentleman who was presented to Grace and Arlene who answered his flow of inquiries so courteously and with such apparent God will that he left the hall smiling himself as though he'd gained possession of some wonderful bit of information the Vaudeville show elected December for Dallas Club 200 which Arlene deposited in the bank the following morning every little bit helps chuckle Darlene as she opened the bank book and pointed to the new entry she and graceful on their way from the bank I should say it did return Grace warmly I only wish we could make money as easily and pleasantly as we made that two hundred dollars it was a lot of fun wasn't it declared our lean happily when we come back next fall as Juniors we can give another show an ad to our fund we won't have time this year we're all going home next week and after East it would be too late in the year to bother with entertainments we might give Carnival in the gymnasium next for suggested Grace we had a bizarre at home and made over 500 if we gave it early in the fall we would have as much as a thousand dollars on hand to lend where it was needed I imagine we can find plenty of places for it we can begin thinking about it through the summer plan Darlene that night when Grace reached Wayne Hall she found a letter bearing her address in the bulletin board at the foot of the stairs after glancing curiously at the subscription Grace tore it open and read to Miss Grace Harlow Wayne Hall Overton Dear Miss Harlow I'm enclosing a check made payable to you which I should like you to accept in behalf of the semper fidelis club I'm greatly interested in your Association and wish to say it at this time each year as long as Club exists I pledge myself to contribute the same amount of money trusting that the club will continue to thrive and prosper yours very truly Thomas Redfield Grace laid down a letter and stared at the check with incredulous eyes it wasn't for one thousand dollars it took but an instant to Dart down the hall to Miriam's room where Anne had just gone to borrow Miriam's thesaurus look look quite Grace holding the check for Ann's astonished eyes Miriam Rose from her chair and peered over Anne's shoulder three cheers for Mr Redfield she exclaimed three cheers for the fairy Godfather of semper fidelis end of chapter 21. recording by Ashley Jane chapter 22 of Grace Harlow's second year at Overton College by Jesse Graham flower this Libra Fox recording is in the public domain chapter 22 campus confidences after the Easter vacation they're seen very little left of the college year springover took the Overton girls unawares and golf tennis Saturday afternoon picnics and walking tours crowded even basketball off their schedule it was delightful just to stroll about the fast Greening campus arm in arm with One's best friend Under The Smiling blue of an April Sky it was ideal weather for planning for the future if it was anything but conducive to study it's a good thing we work like mad in the winter grumbled Alfreda Briggs giving her Horrors a vindictive to her shove that sent its sliding to the floor I can't remember anything now except that the grass is green the sky is blue sugar is sweet and so will you supplemented Miriam Nesbitt slyly that wasn't what I was going to say at all retorted Alfreda approvingly and I beg your pardon returned in Miriam with mock Contrition what were you going to say nothing much grind Alfreda accept ours way today and I've lost five pounds I'm down to 145 pounds now if I can lose five pounds more this summer I should be in fine condition for basketball next fall you did Splendid work on a sub team this year replied Miriam warmly I'm sure that you will make the regular team next fall the upper class girls say they have very little time for basketball Muse Del Frida all kinds of other stunts crowded out I'm not going to be like that though I'd love to play and I shall manage to find time for it where's Grace tonight asked Alfreda I didn't see her at dinner she had a dinner engagement with Maple Ash finton's asked Alfreda Miriam nodded Grace is lucky side Alfreda she's always been invited to something or other her dinner Partners always materialized too she added ruthfully which is more than can be said for some of yours last Miriam stranger never found out about that isn't it it was alfreda's turn to nod I've often thought I would go to miss Atkins and ask her why she left me to language dinnerless in my room after inviting me to eat drink and be merry musl reader I hate to go home with the mystery unsolved I believe I'll go ask her now she declared with sudden energy I know she's alone for the Enigma isn't there tonight Alfreda had recently bestowed this title upon Mildred Taylor on account for inexplicable attitude toward Grace I've been disappointed in Little Miss Taylor who marked Miriam slowly I was so sure that she would prove another Arlene Thayer she had the same fascinating little ways and at first she seemed so genuinely Frank and straightforward I wonder what made her change so suddenly said Alfredo walking to the door and toward Grace especially she doesn't speak to Grace when she meets her she's an enigma and no mistake now for our friend at Anarchist if I don't come back within a reasonable length of time you'll know that I have been annihilated 10 minutes went by then 10 more at the end of half an hour Miriam wondered slightly at her roommates continued absence just before time for the dinner bell to ring Alfreda burst into the room with Miriam would he help me to dress I'm invited to dinner and this time I'm going the aunt Miss Atkins has forgiven me peace has been restored and we are going out to die in arm in arm Alfreda plants dubriently about the room then flinging open the door of the Wardrobe brought forth two large boxes that had come by Express the day before one of them containing her new spring hat that other a smart suit of natural ponche stop hurrying for a minute and give me a true and faithful account this miracle of demanded Miriam I'd began to think the worst had happened what did you say first and what did she say the door of her room stood partly open and I knocked on it then marched in without an invitation replied Alfreda she was so surprised she forgot to be angry and before she had time to remember that she didn't like me I surprised until further by asking her to tell me why she'd refused to speak to me for so long before she knew it she'd stammered something about Grace and I calling her names and making fun of her behind her back when she'd asked me in all good faith to have dinner with her at vinton's she declared she had heard us the instant she said that I remember that I had mimicked her that night while dressing and that Grace had laughed but had said in the same breath that it wasn't fair so I asked her Point Blank if that was what she meant and she said yes only she hadn't waited long enough to hear what Grace had said about unfairness she had come to the door just in time to hear me mimic her and rushed back to her room angry and hurt then I explained to her that I had a bad trick of imitating even my friends that I had offended more than one person by my thoughtlessness I was really dreadfully sorry and asked her to forgive me she had half a mind not to do it then she relented smiled a little and actually offered me her hand of course after that I stayed a few minutes to talk things over with her and she proposed going to dinner she has changed in what way I can't explain except that she is more gentle and not quite so Prim will you look in the top drawer of the chiffonade see if I put my gold beads in that green box you know the one I mean Miriam obediently opened the drawer and taking the bees from the box deftly fastened them about alfreda's neck Grace will be glad to hear of this she remarked may I tell her and Anne yes we turned Alfreda but please don't tell anyone else pinning on her new hat she heard off to keep her long delayed engagement with the new thoroughly pacified Anarchist when the dinner bell rang Miriam suddenly remembered took the four friends she was her only stay at home that night Anne had gone to take supper and spend the evening with Ruth Denton as she took her seat at the table she noted that Emma Deans and Mildred Taylor's places were also vacant where is everyone tonight asked Irene Evans who sat opposite Miriam Grace Ann and Alfreda were all invited out this evening answered Miriam I don't know anything about Miss Dean and Miss Taylor Emir is spending the evening with her cousin that other Miss dean of Ralston house replied Irene Miss Taylor she Shrugged her shoulder slightly is with Miss Wicks and Miss Hampton I suppose I don't think I shall over study tonight announced Miriam a little later as she Rose from the table I'm going for a walk want to go with me I'm sorry reply to Irene regretfully to have a frightfully hard chemistry lesson ahead of me tonight it had been an unusually balmy April and now that the moon was at the fall the Overton gas took advantage of the Fine Nights to walk up and down College Street or the campus sure of finding someone she knew Miriam slipped on her sweater and a staining a hat strolled down the street toward the campus exchanging numerous greetings with students she wandered aimlessly across the campus toward a seat built against a tree where she and Grace had had more than one quiet session as she neared the seat which was somewhat in the shadow she gave a little startled exclamation a girl was crouching at the darkest end of the seat her face hidden in her hands Turning Away Miriam was about to re-cross the campus when the utter despondency of the girl's attitude caused her to go back stopping directly in front of the bow figure she said gently can I help you the girl Rose and without answering was about to hurry away one Miriam after one swift glanced at her face ran after her exclaiming wait a moment Miss Taylor Mildred Taylor stopped and eyed Miriam defiantly despite her expression of bravado she looked as though she had been crying what do you want she asked in the low voice to talk with you said Miriam boldly stepping forward and slipping her arm through Mildred's shall we sit down here and begin all my friends have deserted me tonight there were ever so many vacant places at the dinner table I noticed you were away too I I have haven't had any dinner farted Mildred then stay on this consolently at her companion for an instant she dropped her head on her arm and gave way to Violent sobbing I'm so miserable she wailed Miriam sat silent touched by Mildred's distress yet undecided what to do things were evidently going badly with the cute the Hagar she had done something sheer sorry for was Miriam's reflection after slight deliberation she said gently is there anything you wish to tell me Miss Taylor Mildred raised her head regarding Miriam with troubled hopeless eyes Miriam took one of the Hagar's hands in hers don't be afraid to tell me she said earnestly I'm your friend you wouldn't be if you knew what a miserable contemptible coward I am muttered Mildred I can't tell you anything please go away her head dropped to her arm again Miriam still holding her other hand patted it comfortingly no one is infallible Miss Taylor I once felt just as you do tonight only I'm quite sure that my fault was much greater than yours can possibly be Mildred raised her head with a jerk she looked at Miriam incredulously I don't think you ever did anything very contemptible she said skeptically let me tell you about it replied Miriam soberly then you can judge for yourself the person whom I wronged has long since forgiven me so I can never quite forgive myself or forget it was during my first year in high school as I began behaving very badly toward a nude girl in The Freshman Class of whom I was jealous I was a star pupil of the class until she came then she proved herself my equal if not my Superior in class standing and I tried in every way to discredit her in the eyes of her teachers and her friends the end of the freshman year some of money was offered as a prize to the Freshman her average highest in her final examinations feeling short this other guard would win it I managed with the help of someone as dishonest as myself to gain possession of the examination questions but before I had finished with them I was obliged to drop them in a hurry to escape Discovery by the principal by the nearest chance a girl I disliked happened along just in time to be suspected of tampering with the papers but she had friends who fought loyally for her and cleared her up the suspicion she won the prize nothing was ever said to me about it but I know that the principle and at least four girls in school knew what I had done when I entered the sophomore class in the four I felt positive hatred for this girl and for her friends added all sorts of cool despicable things that year and succeeded in dividing my class into two factions who opposed each other at every Point toward the last of the year I grew tired of being so disagreeable my conscience began to trouble me seriously then one day the two girls are despised to be a great service and my enmity toward them died out forever I can't begin to tell you how differently I felt after I had acknowledged my fault and been forgiven those girls are my dearest friends now you know them too you you don't mean Miss Harlow and Miss Pearson asked Mildred in a low tone her eyes fixed upon Miriam Miriam nodded Grace now in the most charitable cast I ever knew she said softly if they were not they would not have forgiven me Anne was a girl who won the prize was one of the friends who stood by her if you feel that you have done someone an injustice you will not be happy until you have righted matters if the person refuses to forgive you you at least will have done your part I can't go to the the person and tell her faulted Mildred I should die of humiliation but you don't wish to go away from Overton carrying this burden with you persisted Miriam it will weigh heavily upon you when you come back next full I'm not coming back next fall mumbled Mildred I shall never again be happy at Overton brace up and Squire things with the other girl and you'll feel differently with torted Miriam if it were anyone else besides Miss Harlow began Mildred oh so sorry you told me her name explained Miriam regretfully now to know it is great however I shall read double my advice about going to tell her you need to have no fear that she will not forgive you Grace never holds grudges I can't do it declared Mildred tremulously I'm afraid Miriam looked at her companion rather doubtfully I think Grace is a person with whom to talk this matter over she declared suppose we go over to Wayne hall now she went to dinner at vinton's with Maple Ash but she must be at the hall by this time oh I can't gas Mildred nervously yes yes I will if you will come with me while I tell her I think it would be better for you to go to her by yourself said Miriam dubiously I can't do it protested Mildred miserably please please come with me then let us go now retire Miriam decisively we may catch Grace at home and alone during the walk across the campus the two girls exchanged no words Mildred was trying to summon all her courage in order to make the dreaded confession Miriam was thinking of the day that belonged to the long ago when she had confessed her fault and joining hands with Anne Pearson and Grace Harlow had sworn a town of friendship fell turning the deepest sympathy for the unhappy little girl at her side having been through a similar experience she understood clearly the struggle that was going on in Mildred's mind twice until her freshman stopped short declaring she could not and would not go on and each time with infinite patience moving Boyd and restored to firmness her shaking resolution you do not know Grace Harlow Miriam said as indeed Wayne Hall well you would not be afraid to go to her and tell her what you've just told me she is neither revengeful nor Unforgiven and I'm sure that she will be only too glad to help you begin all over again but not here at Overton quavid Mildred you can decide that later Miriam said kindly as they entered the house but she smiled at herself she felt reasonably sure that Mildred would come back to Overton first sophomore year end of chapter 22. recording by Ashley Jane chapter 23 of Grace Harlow's second year at Overton College by Jesse Graham flower this Libra Fox recording is in the public domain chapter 23 a fault confessed Grace came home from vinton's with the firm intention of putting in a full evening of study it's only half past eight she exalted I'll have plenty of time for everything I suppose Anne won't be home until the last minutes Grace as she passed through the hall to the stairs she poked her head inquisitively into the living room three or four girls sat at the library table industriously engaged in writing Grace turned away without disturbing them and wank quietly up the stairs as she walked down the hall to her own room she noticed that Miriam's room was dark I wonder where the girls are Grace exclaimed I didn't know they were to be away tonight too perhaps they've gone for a walk Grace lighted the gas in her own room and hanging up her hat sat down in the Morris chair beside the table on which lay her books piled ready for work if no one bothers me for the next hour and the girls obligingly stay away the rest will be easy she smiled herself as she worked at her French at five minutes of ten she closed her textbook on chemistry with the triumphant bang nothing left to do now but my theme and that can wait until tomorrow night I think I'll read until the girls come in Grace reached her book which lay on the table conveniently near her opened it at the place she had marked and began to read she'd not read more than two or three pages when through the half Open Door came the sound of voices Grace's gray eyes opened in Surprise as Miriam Nesbitt walked into the room followed by Mildred Taylor I thought you would be here greeted Miriam Grace Rose and walked toward Mildred without the slightest show of hesitation she held out her hand I'm glad to see you Mildred why haven't you come in before she asked frankly Mildred looked from Miriam to Grace I can't tell you why she exclaimed in a church writing voice I thought I could but I can't she began to cry softly Grace rang to her side and placing her arm about the little girl's waist said soothingly don't cry and don't tell us anything you don't wish to tell I'm so glad you came at all the early part of the year I thought we were going to be friends I'm sorry I hurt your feelings on the night of the sophomore reception I Told You So them time afraid you thought I didn't mean what I said it wasn't that grave and Mildred wiping her eyes it was it was I had no business to take it it was stealing Miriam looked sharply at Mildred's distressed face as though trying to gain some inkling of what was to come Grace's expression was one of anxious concern neither girl spoke I might as well tell you Grace went on Mildred in a low shamed voice I'm the person who stole your theme I found it at the foot of the stairs I did not look at the name written on it until I was in my own room I ought to have given it to you at once I stopped to read it it was so clever I wished I had written it themes of my weak point and Miss Duncan had criticized my work so severely that I was feeling blue and discouraged then came the temptation to take your theme copy it and hand it in as my own you had lost it so you would never know what became of it you could write another theme as easily as you had written that it did occur to me that you might be able to rewrite that particular thing for memory so I changed the title of your theme copied it that night and changed the ending a little and took particular pains to hand it in early the next morning so if any suspicion were aroused it would not fall on me but I knew it was thoroughly contemptible in me and after I handed in the theme I felt like a criminal One Missed unconsent for me I grew frightened and instead of owning to what I had done I told more lies and tried to make it appear that you were the real offender At first she believed me but afterwards she didn't and made me admit that I had lied when she told me about promising you that she would give me another chance and that you neither knew nor cared to know my name I could hardly believe it since that time I've never dared to speak to you I've been so dreadfully ashamed her voice broke don't think about it ever again comforted Grace everyone is likely to make mistakes I think you have suffered enough for yours I'm sure you would never do such a thing again Mildred chook her head vigorously never she declared sadly Miriam who would listen to the little girl's confession and inscrutable expression on her dark face said practically was there anything besides what you've told us that made you unhappy tonight why why standard Mildred yes there was how did you know I didn't know declared move him dryly I just wondered it was something that made me unhappy yet glad too said Mildred her face flushing I thought I hated Grace and said Horrid things about her to two other girls I know who are not her friends tonight I was with them at Martell's and I crawled with them about you girls ever since I heard severely play it for entertainment I felt differently about everything his music brought me to my real self and made me realize how small and mean and contemptible I was I discovered that it was not you but myself I hated and when these girls began to say things about you all of a sudden I found myself standing up for you with staunchly as I could then we crawled and I got up from the table and almost ran out of Mart house I walked and walked until I was all tired out then I sat down on that seat by the tree where Miriam found me in defending you Grace I found myself I saw clearly that my college life was all wrong the main things I'd done stabbed me in the face the theme was the worst of all no wonder I cried not I've told you everything I am happier than I have been since last fall next year I'm going to start all over again in some other college where no one knows me beside yourself there are only three who know Mary and Miss Duncan and I said Grace slowly when Miss Dunn can stand for me about the theme I told myself then to although I had no desire to know the name of the other girl If Ever I should learn her identity I would try to be the best friend she ever had I'm ready to keep my word Mildred if you are ready to come back over to next year and help me keep it Mildred glanced timidly from grace to Miriam I'd love to come back she faltered only I'm afraid you girls would never believe in me again my friends did reminded Miriam softly extending her hand to Mildred I believe in you now of course we will believe in you declared Grace cheerfully come back next fall and give us a chance to show you that we trust you I will answer Mildred with solemn resolution but you should give me the chance to show you that your trust is not misplaced good night he put out a hand again rather uncertainly Grace's hand went quickly out to meet it holding in it a warm friendly clasp and Mildred went to her room a changed girl how did you happen to be her Confessor Miriam ask Grace wonderingly after the Freshman had gone Miriam related the evening's happenings I never even suspected her said Grace I believed her to be angry with me for overlooking her at the reception I always tried not to think of any particular girl as being guilty of taking my theme it has turned out beautifully hasn't it yes nodded Miriam as a matter of fact everything generally does turn out well in the end if one has a patience to wait end of chapter 23 recording by Ashley Jane chapter 24 of Grace Harlow's second year at Overton College by Jesse gray and flower this LibriVox recording is in the public domain chapter 24 conclusion two more days then goodbye to Overton mourned Alfredo Bridge sadly the Stout girl was Seated on the floor the contents of her trunk spread broadcast about her Alfred would like to stay here and study all summer remarked Miriam slyly to Anne who was watching alfreda's movements with amused eyes oh no I wouldn't retorted Alfreda called naturedly and was anxious to go home as a rest of you time story to leave here too what's the use in explaining she grumbled catching side of her friends laughing faces you girls know what I mean only will tease me never mind we won't tease it anymore said Miriam soothingly there's only one thing you can do to convince me that you're an artist stipulated Alfreda name it laugh Dan invite me to a banquet and have cakes and lemonade was to calm Quest I thought you were strongly opposed to Sweet Things commented Anne not at the sad sorrowful end of the sophomore gear returned Alfreda impressively besides lemonade isn't fattening and it would be such Blended exercise for you to make it added Miriam mischievously our freedom looked disapprovingly at Miriam then a broad smile illuminated her round face so nice of you to think about the exercise she beamed effectively lead me to the lemons Miriam Rose took our three to buy the arm and leading her to the closet pointed upward to the Shelf Alfredo grasp the paper bag with a giggle then Miriam led her calmly out again just in time to encounter Grace Mabel Ash and Francis Martin who in passing down the hall had heard voices and could not resist stopping for a moment what's going on here ask Mabel curiously why is Jay Alfreda in leading strings she's taking exercise replied Miriam Gravely J.L Frieda explained to the lady this exercise is compulsory grind Alfreda no exercise no lemonade of course you will stay and have some of course agreed Mabel I may not have a chance for a very long time to drink lemonade again with the Wayne Hall lights you mustn't say that for a menstruated Grace remember you were going to visit me at Oakdale Alfredo is going to visit Miriam can't you arrange to come to Francis I'm sorry declared France is shaking her head but we're going to sail for Europe within a week after I reach home I shall have to say goodbye in Earnest on Thursday I'll write you and make you a visit sometime how comfortingly definite I'll See You Again during the next hundred years Jade Mabel you know I don't mean that to approach Francis I do intend before the end this happy couple shall meet again chance Del Frida as she peered into the lemonade picture precisely laugh after answers did you play an Evil's eye when you were a little girl Alfreda yes and London Bridge and King William was King James's son too I always loved to play but hardly ever chosen because I was so fat and ungainly I remember once though when I went to a children's party in a pale blue silk dress that made me look like a young Mountain I thought myself superlatively beautiful however and the rest of the girls were so impressed that I was a great social Triumph and made up for the times when I had been passed by concluded Alfreda humorously Who Adventures the worthy of recording and Publishing said unlikely write a book and call it the astonishing Adventures of Alfreda the Stout girl I down reflectively the lemon squeeze a poet in one hand that's a good idea she said Coley I'll do it when I come back next four now I'm not going to say another word until I finish this lemonade so don't speak to me when she left the room for ice water Mabel Ash observed warmly she is a credit to 19 something isn't she yes retired Grace they're beginning to find it out too sophomore days have been peaceful compared with last year with marked Francis Martin certain girls have kept strictly in the background we've not been obliged to Resort ghost parties this year reminding Mabel Ash which requires ghosts to lay ghosts you know Grace could have remarked with truth that certain ghosts had not been laid as effectually as she desired but wisely keeping her own counsel she was about to essay a change of subject when the return of Alfreda with the lemonade served her purpose how could I bear to leave thee quoted Mabel sentimentally as she and Francis reluctantly Rose to go half an hour later I hope you feel properly flattered graduates attentions are at a premium this week they ought to be two when one stops to think that it takes four years to reach that dizzy High to popularity four long years of slavish toil my children observed my careborn Heir my rapidly graying locks my deeply lying countenance yes observe them grindel Freda if you look younger than Anne and she looks like a mere child don't forget you're going to send us pictures of you in your cap and gown Will you she added looking affectionately at the two pretty seniors whose help and kindly interest had meant much to her individually we'll see you to the door laughed grave slipping her arm through mabels did you ever find the girl asked Mabel in a low tone you know that one I mean I have often wondered about her yes supplied Grace in the same guarded tones I can't tell even you her name but everything has been explained Mabel pressed Grace's arm in silent understanding goodbye she said we shall see you again before we leave Overton we better come into our room and finish the lemonade to declared Miriam as they watched their guests go down the walk but I haven't begun my packing yet and I have so many things to do and so many girls to see it so I ought not waste a minute time spent with us is never wasted reminded Alfred significantly quite true responded Grace galey I'm sorry I had to be reminded to prove my sorrow I will help you with your packing when I ought to be doing my own come on then challenged Alfreda she ran lightly up the stairs her three friends at her heels I'll pour the lemonade while you and Grace pack volunteered Miriam I choose to do nothing said Ann Leslie I'm going to work all summer I need a little rest now you won't know where you are to be for the summer until Mr Forest writes will you ask Miriam The Originals will be lonesome without Yuan mourned Grace you must be sure to visit me that is unless you were too far west I'm going to have a visitor of my own announced Alfreda proudly you can never guess who it is I know laughed and after a moment's reflection is that and Miss Atkins I mean who told you demanded Alfreda it is true though she's coming to Fair through the last two weeks in July and I'm going to give her the time of her life just think girl she's never had any girlfriends until she came here her mother died when she was a baby and a premiled aunt kept house with him her father is Professor Archbold Atkins that natural scientist who went to Africa and was held captive by a tribal savages for two years living with the heath and didn't improve him for when he came home he became so cruelly that people thought him crazy then the aunt who was the professor's sister died and poor Laura had to live alone with her father in a great big country house finally she grew so tired of it she asked him to send her to college she'd always had a tutor so she was ready for the entrance examinations but she had never associated with other girls and didn't know much about them I can't feel sorry enough calling her names and imitating her we had a long talk at martelsey at the night and I'm going to be her night heron from now on you found a rainbow side of your sophomore year and helping someone else didn't you Alfreda I don't know what you're talking about we joined Alfreda bluntly I know you don't laugh Grace it was nothing much last year at this time Anne and I were lamenting because we couldn't be freshmen all over again and Anne said that being a sophomore was sure to have its rainbow side it's been the nicest year of my life said Alfreda earnestly if being a junior is any nicer than being a sophomore well you will have to show me there I've ended by using slang but I found my rainbow side in another way too name it challenged Miriam mischievously by losing 20 pounds announced Alfreda with proud Triumph I weighed 140 pounds now and next fall you will see me on a team or it won't be my fault I hope I shall have time for basketball said Grace there'll be so many other things remember girls if during vacation you think of any good plan for the semper fidelis Club to make money make note of it just because we have money in our treasury we mustn't become lazy but we'll find plenty of uses for every cent we earn there are dozens of girls struggling through Overton who need help you never told us to what girls you were in Arlene played Santa Claus last winter Grace tell Alfreda approachfully and I never will laugh Grace and Arlene won't tell either I know something too declared Alfreda but I'm not as stingy as Grace I know who poked that envelope with the ten dollars in it under Grace's door who came simultaneously from the three girls Mildred Taylor replied Alfreda I saw her do it I was just coming down the hall that night as she slipped it under the door and ran away I never told anyone because I could see she didn't want anyone to know she did it Alfreda always sees more than appears on the surface commented Miriam mischievously after his energy has inspired me to go to my room and begin my own packing declared and Rising I'll go with you volunteered Grace I think Alfreda can be trusted to finish her packing herself I think I'll accomplish more at any rate declared Alfred appointedly it is half over Andy said Grace almost wistfully as they stroll down hall schoolgirl fashion the arms about each other's waists a life at Overton you mean asked Anne Grace nodded I was sure I should never like college as well as high school but I found it even nicer and we're going to like being Junior's best of all predicted Anne how completely the truth of Anne's prediction was proven will be found in Grace Harlow's third year at Overton College end of chapter 24. recording by Ashley Jane end of Grace Harlow's second year at Overton College by Jesse Graham flower | Golden Vox | UC8_nurFrnY_S_OUFpthJYJA | 2023-04-20 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 47,028 | 252,729 |
Fg9lecQQlxg | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fg9lecQQlxg | Sing plays Captains Mode #6 Roaming Boss | oh [ __ ] each other I think you got no Houston for he's talking about with on I think I awesomely not get [ __ ] the X small snipers on pig doing one boat that's right hahaha Sokka 0 u 0 NE one another oh my god so [ __ ] was a stir I'll give up bash right no bashes I'm almost there a moment sir I voltage itself up alright i'm averaging world merch hitting the [ __ ] make it look bad there's a quick sprint there's a stomach nobody's looking what the [ __ ] double two seconds on a killing spree miserable it was your own damn sector is a bao zai boys are y'all gonna smash that but i'm charging this actually happen don't go rising we go back oh no I can't leave rampage you got a car what is happening think we're [ __ ] that certainly they're all bought we're sure gonna see nothing left of the other fellows mid-tower run away read the planes if you help I'm actually an expert daughter hope I'm casting a pall display how is this even possible how's you alone like this what I run rampant so the [ __ ] dream and watching you guys that's a clerk for my team Mongoose hope for all the bad i come chat what trap is bash you're like a thorough think you should [ __ ] blink out huh look that now the action is this is a [ __ ] guy making studies for all my [ __ ] God's ways clear Weiss they're actually what is he doing me one dear invited are you charge up why can't I charge am I getting bashed Trevor stature just don't go by by the by the mine join going raji virgin but that was a fighter go go go go go coming for him I think you got yeah one day we'll get a [ __ ] bash wait oh my like universe okay basic basic your solidarity 000 strong me it's not cheesy I'm Dylan's aunty more time for my team with a my life Oh ways ha ha ha ha such soldier shall prevail yes all parts wicked-sick double kill find peace Longstocking One World nila fellows top rags ain't gonna be a problem now that did it for the ultimate opera x cough oh cuz its fellow fisherman I will I say value of your luck yeah like I taught you Oh getting this guy blache bleeding arm under attack oh my man leverage imma take the under tree you can't blink normal aging by the time I saw oh very nice another coming did you you're like Lords life the other fellows mid rags yeah the other fellows me to rags won't be making trouble no more drafted airline I'm so [ __ ] look so cool Aaron oh yes I'm having spring polish is there any of us ghosts when that really [ __ ] don't you I'm so radiant done it I was easier out the first place honestly 1165 point zero two parts add add 25 points to that [ __ ] that's my point | mrpapudj21 | UC9_u2ozW5O4tvuiaiSmZmEQ | 2015-04-27 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 511 | 2,739 |
ykiS1pWuC88 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ykiS1pWuC88 | Autobiography of Benvenuto Cellini Vol 1 | Benvenuto Cellini | Early Modern, Memoirs | Book | 2/6 | chapters 27 through 30 of the autobiography of benvenuto cellini volume 1. this is a librivox recording all librivox recordings are in the public domain for more information or to volunteer please visit librivox.org recording by andrew coleman the autobiography of benvenutocelini volume 1 translated by john addington simmons chapters 27 27-30 27 at that time while i was still a young man of about 23 there raged a plague of such extraordinary violence that many thousands died of it every day in rome somewhat terrified of this calamity i began to take certain amusements as my mind suggested and for a reason which i will presently relate i had formed a habit of going on feast days to the ancient buildings and copying parts of them in wax or with the pencil and since these buildings are all ruins and the ruins house innumerable pigeons it came into my head to use my gun against these birds so then avoiding all commerce with people in my terror of the plague i used to put a fouling piece on my boy pagalino's shoulder and he and i went out alone into the ruins and often times we came home laden with the cargo of the fattest pigeons i did not care to charge my gun with more than a single ball and thus it was by pure skill in the arch that i filled such heavy bags i had a fouling piece which i had made myself inside and out it was as bright as any mirror i also used to make a very fine sort of powder enduring which i discovered secret processes beyond any which have yet been found and on this point in order to be brief i will give but one particular which will astonish good shots of every degree this is that when i charged my gun with powder weighing one-fifth of the ball it carried 200 paces point blank it is true that the great light i took in this exercise bit fair to withdraw me from my art and studies yet in another way it gave me more than it deprived me of seeing that each time i went out shooting i returned with greatly better health because the open air was a benefit to my constitution my natural temperament was melancholy and while i was taking these amusements my heart leapt up with joy and i found that i could work better and with far greater mastery than when i spent my whole time in study and manual labor in this way my gun at the end of the game stood me more in profit than in loss it was also the cause of my making acquaintance with certain hunters after curiosities who followed in the track of those lombard peasants who used to come to rome to till the vineyards at the proper season while digging the ground they frequently turned up antique medals agates chrysoprazes cornelians and cameos also sometimes jewels as for instance emeralds sapphires diamonds and rubies the peasants used to sell things of this sort to the traders for a mere trifle and i very often when i met them paid the latter several times as many golden crowns as they had given julio's for some object independently of the profit i made by this traffic which was at least tenfold it brought me also into agreeable relations with nearly all the cardinals of rome i will only touch upon a few of the most notable and the rarest of these curiosities they came into my hands among many other fragments the head of a dolphin about as big as a good-sized ballot beam not only was the style of this head extremely beautiful but nature had here far surpassed art but the stone was an emerald of such good color that the man who bought it from me for tens of crowns sold it again for hundreds after setting it as a finger ring i will mention another kind of gem this was a magnificent topaz and here art equaled nature it was as large as a big hazelnut with the head of minerva in a style of inconceivable beauty i remember yet another precious stone different from these it was a cameo engraved with hercules binding kerberos of the triple throat such was its beauty and the skill of its workmanship that our great mikalagnalo protested he had never seen anything so wonderful among many bronze medals i obtained one upon which was a head of jupiter it was the largest that had ever been seen the head of the most perfect execution and it had on the reverse side a very fine design of some little figures in the same style i might enlarge it great length on this curiosity but i will refrain for fear of being prolix 28 as i have said above the plague had broken out in rome but though i must return a little way upon my steps i shall not therefore abandon the main path of my history there arrived in rome a surgeon of the highest renown who was called maestro giacomo da capi this able man in the course of his other practice undertook the most desperate cases of the so-called french disease in rome this kind of illness is very partial to the priests and especially to the richest of them when therefore maestro jacomo had made his talents known he professed to work miracles in the treatment of such cases by means of certain fumigations but he only undertook a cure after stipulating for his fees which he reckoned not by tens but by hundreds of crowns he was a great connoisseur in the arts of design chanting to pass one day before my shop he saw a lot of drawings which i had laid upon the counter and among these were several designs for little vases in a capricious style which i had sketched for my amusement these vases were in quite a different fashion from any which had been seen up to that date he was anxious that i should finish one or two of them for him in silver and this i did with the fullest satisfaction seeing they exactly suited my own fancy the clever surgeon paid me very well and yet the honor which the vases brought me was worth a hundred times as much for the best craftsmen in the goldsmith's trade declared they had never seen anything more beautiful or better executed no sooner had i finished them than he showed them to the pope and the next day following he took himself away from rome he was a man of much learning who used to discourse wonderfully about medicine the pope would fain have had him in his service but he replied that he would not take service with anybody in the world and that who so had need of him might come to seek him out he was a person of great sagacity and did wisely to get out of rome for not many months afterwards all the patients he had treated grew so ill that they were a hundred times worse off than before he came he would certainly have been murdered if he had stopped he showed my little vases to several persons of quality amongst others to the most excellent duke of ferrara and pretended that he had got them from a greek lord in rome by telling this nobleman that if he wanted to be cured he must give him those two vases and that the lord had answered that they were antique and besought him to ask for anything else which it might be convenient for him to give provided only he would leave him those but according to his own account maestro jacomo made as though he would not undertake the cure and so he got them i was told this by meso alberto bendeo in ferrara who with great ostentation showed me some earthenware copies he possessed of them there upon i laughed and as i said nothing mr alberto bendeo who was a haughty man flew into a rage and said you are laughing at them are you and i tell you that during the last thousand years there has not been born a man capable of so much as copying them i then not caring to deprive them of so eminent reputation kept silence and admired them with mutes to perfection it was said to me in rome by many great lords some of whom were my friends that the work of which i had been speaking was in their opinion of marvelous excellence and genuine antiquity whereupon emboldened by their praises i revealed that i had made them as they would not believe it and as i wish to prove that i had spoken truth i was obliged to bring evidence and make new drawings of the vases for my word alone was not enough inasmuch as maestro jacomo had cunningly insisted upon carrying off the old drawings with him by this little job i earned a fair amount of money 29. the plague went dragging on for many months but i had as yet managed to keep it at bay for those several of my comrades were dead i survived in health and freedom now a chance one evening that an intimate comrade of mine brought home to supper a bolognese prostitute named faustina she was a very fine woman but about 30 years of age and she had with her a little serving girl of 13 or 14. faustina belonging to my friend i would not have touched her for all the gold in the world and though she declared she was madly in love with me i remained steadfast in my loyalty but after they had gone to bed i stole away the little serving girl who was quite a fresh maid and woe to her if her mistress had known of it the result was that i enjoyed a very pleasant night far more to my satisfaction than if i had passed it with faustina i rose upon the hour of breaking fast and felt tired for i had travelled many miles that night and was wanting to take food when a crushing headache seized me several boils appeared on my left arm together with a carbuncle which showed itself just beyond the palm of the left hand where it joins the wrist everybody in the house was in a panic my friend the cow and the calf all fled left alone there with my poor little apprentice who refused to abandon me i felt stifled at the heart and made up my mind for certain i was a dead man just then the father of the lad went by who was physician to the cotton on yakawachi and lived as member of their prelates household the boy called out come father and see benvenuto he is in bed with some trifling in disposition without thinking what my complaint might be the doctor came up at once and when he had felt my pulse he saw and felt what was very contrary to his own wishes turning around to his son he said o traitor of a child you've ruined me how can i venture now into the cardinals presence his son made answer why father this man my master is worth far more than all the cardinals in rome and the doctor turned to me and said since i am here i will consent to treat you but of one thing only i warn you that if you have enjoyed a woman you are doomed to this i replied i did so this very night he answered with whom and to what extent i said last night and with a girl in her earliest maturity upon this perceiving that he had spoken foolishly he made haste to add well considering the sores are so new and have not yet begun to stink and that the remedies will be taken in time you need not be too much afraid for i have good hopes of curing you when he had prescribed for me and gone away a very dear friend of mine called giovanni regardly came in who fell to commiserating my great suffering and also my desertion by my comrade and said be of good cheer my benvenuto for i will never leave your side until i see you restored to health i told him not to come too close since it was all over with me only i besought him to be so kind as to take a considerable quantity of crowns which were lying in a little box near my bed and when god had thought fit to remove me from this world to send them to my poor father writing pleasantly to him in the way i too had done so far as that appalling season of the plague permitted my beloved friend declared that he had no intention whatsoever of leaving me and that come what might in life or death he knew very well what was his duty toward a friend and so we went on by the help of god and the admirable remedies which i had used began to work a great improvement and i soon came well out of that dreadful sickness the saw was still open with a plug of lint inside it and a plaster above when i went out riding on a little wild pony he was covered with hair four fingers long and was exactly as big as a well-grown bear indeed he looked just like a bear i rode out on him to visit the painter rosso who was then living in the country towards chiva taverkia at a place of counter anguillaris called chevetera i found my friend and he was very glad to see me whereupon i said i am come to do to you that which you did to me so many months ago he burst out laughing embraced and kissed me and begged me for the count's sake to keep quiet i stayed in that place about a month with much content and gladness enjoying good wines and excellent food and treated with the greatest kindness by the count every day i used to ride out alone along the seashore where i dismounted and filled my pockets with all sorts of pebbles snail shells and seashells of great rarity and beauty on the last day for after this i went there no more i was attacked by a band of men who had disguised themselves and disembarked from a moorish privateer when they thought that they had run me into a certain passage where it seemed impossible that i should escape from their hands i suddenly mounted my pony resolved to be roosted or boiled alive at their past perilous seeing i had little hope to evade one or the other of these fates but as god willed my pony who was the same i have described above took an incredibly wide jump and brought me off in safety for which i heartily thanked god i told the story to the count he ran to arms but we saw the galleys setting out to see the next day following i went back sound and with good cheer to rome 30. the plague had by this time almost died out so that the survivors when they met together alive rejoiced with much delight in one another's company this led to the formation of a club of painters sculptors and goldsmiths the best that were in rome and the founder of it was a sculptor with the name of michelangelo he was a cnes and a man of great ability who could hold his own against any other workman in that art but above all he was the most amusing comrade and the heartiest good fellow in the universe of all the members of the club he was the eldest and yet the youngest from the strengthened figure of his body we often came together at the very least twice a week i must not admit to mention that our society counted julia romano the painter and jim francesco both of them celebrated pupils of the mighty raphaelo diabino after many and many merry meetings it seemed good to our worthy president that for the following sunday we should repair to supper in his house that each one of us should be obliged to bring with him his crow such was the nickname michelagnolo gave to women in the club and that who so did not bring one should be sconced by paying her supper to the whole company those of us who had no familiarity with women of the town were forced to purvey themselves at no small trouble and expense in order to appear without disgrace at that distinguished feast of artists i had reckoned upon being well provided with a young woman of considerable beauty called pantazilia who was very much in love with me but i was obliged to give up to one of my dearest friends called hilbertyaka who on his side had been and still was overhead and ears in love with her this exchange excited a certain amount of lovers anger because the lady seeing guy had abandoned her at bachayaka's first entreaty imagined that i held in slight esteem the great affection which he bore me in course of time a very serious incident grew out of this misunderstanding through her desire to take revenge for the affront i had put upon her wherever i shall speak him after in the proper place well then the hour was drawing nigh when we had to present ourselves before that company of men of genius each with his own crow and i was still unprovided and yet i thought it would be stupid to fail of such a mad cap bag at hell but what particularly weighed upon my mind was that i did not choose to lend the light of my countenance in that illustrious fear to some miserable plume plucked scarecrow all these considerations made me devise a pleasant trick for the increase of merriment and the diffusion of mirth in our society having taken this resolve i sent for a stripping of 16 years who lived in the next house to mine he was the son of a spanish coppersmith this young man gave his time to latin studies and was very diligent in their pursuit he bore the name of diego had a handsome figure and a complexion of marvelous brilliancy the outlines of his head and face were far more beautiful than those of the antique antinous i had often copied them gaining thereby much honor from the works in which i used them the youth had no acquaintances and was therefore quite unknown dressed very ill and negligently all his affections being set upon those wonderful studies of his after bringing him to my house i begged him to let me array him in the woman's clothes which i had caused to be laid out he readily complied and put them on at once while i added new beauties to the beauty of his face by the elaborate and studied way in which i dressed his hair in his ears i placed two little rings set with two large and fair pearls the rings were broken they only clipped his ears which looked as though they had been pierced afterwards i wreathed his throat with chains of gold and rich jewels and ornamented his fair hands with rings then i took him in a pleasant manner by one ear and drew him before a great looking glass the lad when he beheld himself cried out with a burst of enthusiasm heavens is that diego i said that is diego from whom until this day i never asked for any kind of favor but now i only beseech diego to do me pleasure in one harmless thing and it is this i want him to come in those very close to supper with the company of artists whereof he has often heard me speak the young man who was honest virtuous and wise checked his enthusiasm bent his eyes to the ground and stood for a short while in silence then with a sudden move he lifted up his face and said with benvenuto i will go now let us start i wrapped his head in a large kind of napkin which is caught in roma's summer cloth and when we reach the place of meeting the company had already assembled and everybody came forward to greet me michelangelo had placed himself between giulio and javan francesco i lifted the veil from the head of my beauty and then mikhail agnelo who as i have already said was the most humorous and amusing fellow in the world laid his two hands the one on julio's and the other one jam francesco's shoulders and pulling them with all his force made them bow down while he on his knees upon the floor cried out for mercy and called to all the folk in words like these behold ye of what sort are the angels of paradise for though they are called angels here shall you see that they are not all of the male gender then with a loud voice he added angel beauteous angel best save me thou make thou me blessed upon this my charming creature laughed and lifted the right hand and gave him a people benediction with many pleasant words to boot so michelangelo stood up and said it was the custom to kiss the feet of the pope and the cheeks of angels and having done the latter to diego the boy blushed deeply which immensely enhanced his beauty when this reception was over we found the whole room full of sonnets which every man of us had made and sent to michael agnelo my lad began to read them and read them all aloud so gracefully that his infinite charms were heightened beyond the powers of language to describe then followed conversation and witty sayings on which i will not enlarge for that is not my business only one clever word must be mentioned but it was spoken by that admirable painter giulio who looking around with meaning in his eyes on the bystanders and fixing them particularly upon the women turned to michelangelo and said my dear michelangelo your nickname of crow very well suits those ladies today though i vow they are somewhat less fair than crows by the side of one of the most lovely peacocks which fancy could have painted when the banquet was served and ready and we were going to sit down to table julio asked leave to be allowed to place us this being granted he took the women by the hand and arranged them all upon the inner side with my fare in the center then he placed all the men on the outside and me in the middle saying there was no honor too great for my desserts as a background to the women there was spread an espalier of natural jasmines in full beauty which set off their charms and especially diego's to such great advantage that words would fail to describe the effect then we all of us fell to enjoying the abundance of our hosts well furnished table the supper was followed by a short concert of delightful music voices joining in harmony with instruments and for as much as they were singing and playing from the book my beauty begged to be allowed to sink his part he performed the music better than almost all the rest which so astonished the company that julio and mike lagnano dropped their earlier tone of banter exchanging it for well-weighed terms of sober heartfelt admiration after the music was over a certain aurilio escalano remarkable for his gift as an improvisatory poet began to extol the women in choice phrases of exquisite compliment one he was chanting the two girls who had my beauty between them never left off chattering one of them related how she had gone wrong the other asked mine how it had happened with her and who were her friends and how long she had been settled in rome and many other questions of the kind it is true that if i chose to describe such laughable episodes i could relate several odd things which then occurred through pentacelia's jealousy on my account but since they form no part of my design i passed them briefly over at last the conversation of those loose women fixed my beauty whom we had christened pomona for the knots at pomona wanting to escape from their silly talk turned restlessly upon her chair first to one side and then to the other the female brought by giulio asked whether she felt indisposed pomona answered yes she thought she was a month or so with a child this gave them the opportunity of feeling her body and discovering the real sex of the supposed woman there upon they quickly withdrew their hands and rose from table uttering such jiving words as are commonly addressed to young men of imminent beauty the whole room rang with laughter and astonishment in the midst of which michelangelo assuming a fierce aspect called out for leave to inflict on me the penance he thought fit when this was granted he lifted me aloft amid the clamor of the company crying long live the gentleman long live the gentleman and added that this was the punishment i deserved for having played so fine a trick thus ended that most agreeable supper party and each of us returned to his own dwelling at the close of day end of chapters 27 through 30. chapters 31 through 33 of the autobiography of benvenuto cellini volume 1. this is a librivox recording all librivox recordings are in the public domain for more information or to volunteer please visit librivox.org recording by morgan scorpion the autobiography of ben benito cellini volume 1 translated by john addington simmons chapters 31-33 31 it would take too long to describe in detail all the many and diverse pieces of work which i executed for a great variety of men at present i need only say that i devoted myself with sustained diligence and industry to acquiring mastery in several branches of art which i enumerated a short while back and so i went on laboring incessantly at all of them but since no opportunity has presented itself as yet for describing my most notable performances i shall wait to report them in their proper place before very long the cne's sculptor mikel agnolo of whom i have recently been speaking was at that time making the monument of the late pope adrian giulio romano went to paint for the marquis of mantua the other members of the club be took themselves in different directions each to his own business so that our company of artists was well now altogether broken up about this time there fell into my hands some little turkish ponyar the handle as well as the blade of these daggers was made of iron and so too was the sheath they were engraved by means of iron implements with foliage in the most exquisite turkish style very neatly filled in with gold the sight of them stirred in me a great desire to try my own skill in that branch so different from the others which i practiced and finding that i succeeded to my satisfaction i executed several pieces mine were far more beautiful and more durable than the turkish and this for diverse reasons one was that i cut my grooves much deeper and with wider trenches in the steel for this is not usual in turkish work another was that the turkish arabesques are only composed of alum leaves a few small sunflowers and although these have a certain grace they do not yield so lasting a pleasure as the patterns which we use it is true that in italy we have several different ways of designing foliage the lombards for example construct very beautiful patterns by copying the leaves of briony and ivy in exquisite curves which are extremely agreeable to the eye the tuscans and the romans make a better choice because they imitate the leaves of the acanthus commonly called bear's foot with its stalks and flowers curling in diverse wavy lines and into these hour bests one may excellently well insert the figures of little birds and different animals by which the good taste of the artist is displayed some hints for creatures of this sort can be observed in nature among the wildflowers as for instance in snapdragons and some few other plants which must be combined and developed with the help of fanciful imaginings by clever draftsman such arabesques are called grotesques by the ignorant they have obtained this name of grotesques among the moderns through being found in certain subterranean caverns in rome by students of antiquity which caverns were formerly chambers hot baths cabinets for study halls and apartments of like nature the curious discovering them in such places since the level of the ground has gradually been raised while they have remained below and since in rome these vaulted rooms are commonly called guatos it has followed that the word grotesque is applied to the patterns i have mentioned but this is not the right term for them inasmuch as the ancients who delighted in composing monsters out of goats cows and horses called these chimerical hybrids by the name of monsters and the modern artificers of whom i speak fashioned from the foliage which they copied monsters of like nature for these the proper name is therefore monsters and not grotesques well then i designed patterns of this kind and filled them in with gold as i have mentioned and they were far more pleasing to the eye than the turkish it chanced at that time that i lighted upon some jars or little antique urns filled with ashes and among the ashes were some iron wings inlaid with gold for the ancients also used that art and in each of the rings would set a tiny cameo of shell on applying to men of learning they told me that these rings were worn as amulets by folk desirous of abiding with mind unshaken in any extraordinary circumstance whether of good or evil fortune hereupon at the request of certain noblemen who were my friends i undertook to fabricate some trifling rings of this kind but i made them of refined steel and after they had been well engraved and inlaid with gold they produced a very beautiful effect and sometimes a single ring brought me more than 40 crowns merely in payment for my labor it was the custom of that epoch to wear little golden medals upon which every nobleman or man of quality had some device or fancy of his own engraved and these were worn in the cap of such pieces i made very many and found them extremely difficult to work i have already mentioned the admirable craftsman cowadoso who used to make such ornaments and as there were more than one figure on each piece he asked at least a hundred gold crowns for his fee this being so not however because his prices were so high but because he worked so slowly i began to be employed by certain noblemen for whom among other things i made a medal in competition with that great artist and it had four figures upon which i had expended an infinity of labor these men of quality when they compared my peace with that of the famous cowardso declared that mine was by far the better executed and more beautiful and made me ask what i liked as the reward for my trouble for since i had given them such perfect satisfaction they wished to do the like by me i replied that my greatest reward and what i most desired was to have rivaled the masterpieces of so eminent and artists and that if their lordships thought i had i acknowledged myself to be most amply rewarded with this i took my leave and they immediately sent me such a very liberal presence that i was well content indeed they grew in me so great a spirit to do well that to this event i attributed what will afterwards be related of my progress 32 i shall be obliged to digress a little from the history of my art unless i were to emit some annoying incidents which have happened in the course of my troubled career one of these which i am about to describe brought me into the greatest risk of my life i have already told the story of the artists club and of the farcical adventures which happened owing to the woman whom i mentioned pantasalea the one who felt for me that false and fulsome love she was furiously enraged because of the pleasant trick by which i brought diego to our banquet and she swore to be revenged on me how she did so is mixed up with the history of a young man called luigi pulchi who had recently come to rome he was the son of one of the portuguese who had been beheaded for incest with his daughter and the youth possessed extraordinary gifts for poetry together with sound latin scholarship he wrote well was graceful in manners and of surprising personal beauty he had just stepped the surface of some bishop whose name i do not remember and was thoroughly tainted with a very foul disease while he was yet a lad and living in florence they used in certain places of the city to meet together during the nights of summer on the public streets and he ranking among the best of the improvisatory sang there his recitations were so admirable that the divine michael agnolo bunarotti that prince of sculptors under painters went wherever he heard that he would be with the greatest eagerness and delight to listen to him there was a man called piloto a goldsmith very able in his art who together with myself joined born hawati upon these occasions thus acquaintance sprang up between me and luigi palchi and after the lapse of many years he came in the miserable plight which i have mentioned to make himself known to me again in rome beseeching me for god's sake to help him move to compassion by his great talents by the love of my fatherland and by my own natural tenderness of heart i took him into my house and had him medically treated in such wise that being but a youth he soon regained his health while he was still pursuing his cure he never omitted his studies and i provided him with books according to the means at my disposal the result was that luigi recognizing the great benefits he had received from me often times with words and tears returned me thanks protesting that if god should ever put good fortune in his way he would recompense me for his kindness to this i replied that i had not done for him as much as i desired but only what i could and that it was the duty of human beings to be mutually serviceable only i suggested that he repay the service i had rendered him by doing likewise to someone who might have the same need of him as he had of me the young man in question began to frequent the court of rome where he soon found a situation and enrolled himself in the suite of a bishop a man of eighty years who bore the title of gurgensis this bishop had a nephew called meso giovanni he was a nobleman of venice and the said message of vani made a show of marvelous attachment to luigi pulte's talents and under the pretense of these talents he brought him as familiar to himself as his own flesh blood luigi having talked of me and of his great obligations to me with message giovanni the latter expressed a wish to make my acquaintance thus when it came to pass that when i had upon a certain evening invited that woman pantasaleo to supper and had assembled a company of men of parts who were my friends just at that moment of our sitting down to table mesa giovanni and luigi pulchi arrived and after some complimentary speeches they both remained to sup with us the shameless trumpet casting her eyes upon the young man's beauty began at once to lay her nets for him perceiving which when the supper had come to an agreeable end i took luigi aside and conjured him by the benefits he said he owed me to have nothing whatever to do with her to this he answered good heavens benvenuto do you then take me for a madman i rejoined not for a madman but for a young fellow and i swore to him by god i do not give that woman the least thought but for your sake i should be sorry if through her you came to break your neck upon these words he vowed and prayed to god that if ever he but spoke with her he might upon the moment break his neck i think the poor lad swore this oath to god with all his heart for he did break his neck as i shall presently relate message of vani showed signs too evident of loving him in a dishonorable way for we began to notice that luigi had new suits of silk and velvet every morning and it was known that he abandoned himself altogether to bad courses he neglected his fine talents and pretended not to see or recognize me because i had once rebuked him and told him he was giving his soul to foul vices which would make him break his neck as he had vowed 33. now mr giovanni brought his favorite a very fine black horse for which he paid 150 crowns the beast was admirably changed to hand so that luigi could go daily to karakoli around the lodgings of that prostitute panther layer though i took notice of this i paid it no attention only remarking that all things acted as their nature prompted and meanwhile i gave my whole mind to my studies it came to pass one sunday evening that we were invited to sup together with the cne sculpture michael agnolo and the time of the year was summer baciaca of whom i have already spoken was present at the party and he had brought with him his old flame pantasa layer when we were at table she sat between me and batiata between the very middle of the banquet she rose and excused herself upon the pretense of a natural need saying she would speedily return we meanwhile continued talking very agreeably and sopping but she remained an unaccountably long time absent it chanced that keeping my ears open i thought i heard a sort of subdued tittling in the street below i had a knife in hand which i was using for my service at the table the window was so close to where i sat that by merely rising i could see luigi in the street together with pantasalea and i heard luigi saying oh if that devil benvenuto only saw us shouldn't we catch it and she answered have no fear only listen to the noise they're making we're the last thing they're thinking of at these words having made them both well out i leapt from the window and took luigi by the cape and certainly i should then have killed him with the knife i had but that he was riding a white horse to which he clapped spurs leaving his cape in my grasp in order to preserve his life pantasia leia took to her heels in the direction of a neighboring church the company at supper rose immediately and came down in treating me in a body to refrain from putting myself and them to inconvenience for a stompit i told them that i should not have let myself be moved on her account but that i was bent on punishing the infamous young man who showed how little he regarded me accordingly i would not yield to the reminiscences of those ingenious and worthy men but took my sword and went alone toward praty the house where we were supposing i should say stood close to the castello gate which led to praty walking thus upon the road to pretty i had not gone far before the sun sank and i re-entered rome itself at a slow pace night had fallen a darkness had come on but the gates of rome were not yet shut towards two hours after sunset i walked along panthers leia's lodging with the intention if luigi pulchi were there of doing something to the discontent of both when i heard and saw that no one but a poor servant girl called carnido was in the house i went to put away my cloak and the scabbard of my sword and then returned to the house which stood behind the banshee on the river tiber just opposite stretched a garden belonging to an innkeeper called womelo it was enclosed by a thick hedge of thorns in which i hid myself standing upright and waiting till the woman came back with luigi after keeping watch a while there my friend batshyaka crept up to me whether led by his own suspicions or by the advice of others i cannot say in a low voice he called out to me gossip for so we used to name ourselves for fun and then he prayed me for god's love using the words which follow with tears in the tone of his voice dear gossip i entreat you not to injure that poor girl she at least has heard no wise in this matter no not at all when i heard what he was saying i replied if you don't take yourself off now at this first word i utter i will bring my sword here down upon your head overwhelmed with fight my poor gossip was suddenly taken ill with the colic and withdrew to ease himself apart indeed he could not but obey the call there was such a glorious heaven of stars which shed good light to see by all of a sudden i was aware of the noise of many horses they were coming toward me from one side and the other it turned out to be luigi and pantasalea attended by a certain mess of ben vegnato of perugia who was chamberlain to pope clement and followed by four doughty captains of perugia with some other valiant soldiers in the flower of youth altogether reckoned there were more than twelve swords when i understood the matter and saw not how to fly i did my best to crouch into the hedge but the thorns pricked and hurt me goading me to madness like a ball and i half resolved to take a leap and hazard my escape just then luigi with his arm around pantasia leia's neck was heard crying i must kiss you once again if only to insult that traitor benvenuto at that moment annoyed as i was by the prickles and irritated by the young man's words i sprang forth lifted my sword on high and shouted at the top of my voice you are all dead folk my blow descended on the shoulder of luigi but the satires who doted on him had steeled his person bound with coats of mail and such like villainous defenses still the stroke fell with quashing's force swerving aside the sword hit pantasalya full in nose and mouth both she and luigi groveled on the ground while bachiyoka with his britches down to heels screamed out and ran away then i turned upon the others boldly with my sword and those valiant fellows hearing a sudden commotion in the tavern thought there was an army coming of a hundred men and though they drew their swords with spirit yet two horses which had taken fight in the tumult cast them into such disorder that a couple of the best riders were thrown and the remainder took to flight i seeing that the affair was turning out well for me ran as quickly as i could and came off with honor from the engagement not wishing to tempt fortune more than was my duty during the hurley burley some of the soldiers and captains wounded themselves with their own arms and mesa benvegnato the pope's chamberlain was kicked and trampled by his mule one of the servants also who had drawn his sword fell down together with his master and wounded him badly in the hand maddened by the pain he swore louder than all the rest in his perugian jargon crying out by the body of god i will take care that ben vignato teaches ben benito how to live he afterwards commissioned one of the captains who were with him braver perhaps than the others but with less aplomb as being but a youth to seek me out the fellow came to visit me in the place of by retirement that was the palace of a great neapolitan nobleman who had become acquainted with me in my art and besides taken a fancy to me because of my physical and mental aptitude for fighting to which my lord himself was personally well inclined so then finding myself made much of and being precisely in my element i gave such answer to the captain as i think must have made him earnestly repent of having come to look me up after a few days when the wounds of luigi and the trumpet and the west were healing the great neapolitan nobleman received overtures from mesoben bergnato for the prelates anger had called and had proposed to ratify a peace between me and luigi and the soldiers who had personally no quarrel with me and only wish to make my acquaintance accordingly my friend and nobleman replied that he would bring me where they chose to appoint and that he was very willing to affect a reconciliation he stipulated that no words should be bounded about on either side seeing that would be little to their credit it was enough to go through the form of drinking together and exchanging kisses he for his part undertook to do the talking and promised to settle the matter to their honor this arrangement was carried out on thursday evening my protector took me to the house of mesobenpegnato where all the soldiers who had been present at that discomfort were assembled and already seated at table my nobleman was attended by 30 brave fellows all well armed a circumstance which mesobergnato had not anticipated when we came into the hall he walking first i following he speak to this effect god save you gentlemen we have come to see you i in benvenuto whom i love like my own brother and we are ready to do whatever you propose mesa ben begnatto seeing the hall filled with such a crowd of men called out it is only peace and nothing else we ask of you accordingly he promised that the governor of rome with his catch polls should give me no trouble then we made peace and i returned to my shop where i could not stay an hour without that neapolitan nobleman either coming to see me or sending for me meanwhile luigi pulchi having recovered from his wound rode every day upon the black horse which was so well trained to heal and bridal one day among others after it had rained a little and he was making his horse corvette just before pantasaleo's door he slipped and fell with the horse upon him his right leg was broken short off in the thigh and after a few days he died there in pantasaleo's lodgings discharging thus the vow he registered so heartily to heaven even so it may be seen that god keeps account of the good and the bad and gives to each one what he merits end of chapter 31 31-33 chapters 34-37 of the autobiography of benvenuto salini volume 1. this is a librivox recording all librivox recordings are in the public domain for more information or to volunteer please visit librivox.org the autobiography of benvenuto cellini volume 1 translated by john addington simons chapter 34 through 37 chapter 34 the whole world was now in warfare pope clement had sent to get some troops from giovanni de merici and when they came they made such disturbances in rome that it was ill living in open shops on this account i retired to a good snug house behind the biachi where i worked for all the friends i had acquired since i produced few things of much importance at that period i need not waste time in talking about them i took much pleasure in music and amusements of the kind on the death of giovanni de medici in lombardy the pope at the advice of mr jacob salviati dismissed the five bands he had engaged and when the constable of forban knew that there were no troops in rome he pushed his army with the utmost energy up to the city the whole of rome upon this flew to arms i happened to be intimate with alessandro the son of piero de beni who at that time when the colonessee entered rome had requested me to guard his palace on this more serious occasion therefore he prayed me to enlist 50 comrades for the protection of the said house appointing me as their captain as i had been when the colonnacy came so i collected 50 young men of the highest courage and we took up our quarters in his palates with good pay and excellent appointments bourbon's army had now arrived before the walls of rome and alessandro begged me to go with him to reconnoiter so we went with one of the stoutest fellows in our company and on the way a youth called chichino de la casa joined himself to us on reaching the walls by the campo santo we could see that famous army which was making every effort to enter the town upon the ramparts where we took our station several young men were lying killed by the procedures the battle raged there desperately and there was the densest fog imaginable i turned to alessandro and said let us go home as soon as we can for there is nothing to be done here you see the enemies are mounting and our men are in flight alessandro in a panic cried would god that we had never come here and turned in maddest haze to fly i took him up somewhat sharply with these words since you have brought me here i must perform some action worthy of a man and directing my arc boost where i saw the thickest and most seried troupe of fighting men i aimed exactly at one whom i remarked to be higher than the rest the fog prevented me from being certain whether he was on horseback or on foot then i turned to alessandro and chachino and bad them discharged their arc boosters showing them how to avoid being hit by the procedures when we had fired two rounds a piece i crept cautiously up to the wall and observing among the enemy a most extraordinary confusion i discovered afterwards that one of our shots had killed the constable of bourbon and from what i subsequently learned he was the man whom i had first noticed above the heads of the rest quitting our position on the ramparts we crossed the campo santo and entered the city by saint peter's then coming out exactly at the church of santo angolo we got with the greatest difficulty to the great gate of the castle for the generals lorenzo de cari and orazio baglioni were wounding and slaughtering everybody who abandoned the defense of the walls by the time we had reached the great gate part of the fomen had already entered rome and we had them in our rear the castle had ordered the portcullis to be lowered in order to do which they cleared a little space and this enabled us for to get inside on the instant that i entered the captain palone de medici claimed me as being of the papal household and forced me to abandon alessandro which i had to do much against my will i ascended to the keep and at the same instant pope clement came in through the corridors into the castle he had refused to leave the palace of saint peter earlier being unable to believe that his enemies would affect their entrance into rome having got into the castle in this way i attached myself to certain pieces of artillery which were under the command of a bombardier called giuliano fiorentino leaning there against the battlements the unhappy man could see his poor house being sacked and his wife and children outraged fearing to strike his own folk he dared not discharge the cannon and flinging the burning fuse upon the ground he wept as though his heart would break and tore his cheeks with both hands some of the other bombardiers were behaving in like manner seeing which i took one of the matches and got the assistance of a few men who were not overcome by their emotions i aimed some swivels and falconettes at points where i saw it would be useful and killed with them a good number of the enemy had it not been for this the troops who poured into rome that morning and were marching straight upon the castle might possibly have entered it with ease because the artillery was doing them no damage i went on firing under the eyes of several cardinals and lords who kept blessing me and giving me the hardest encouragement in my enthusiasm i strove to achieve the impossible let it suffice that it was i who saved the castle that morning and brought the other bombardiers back to their duty i worked the whole of that day and when the evening came while the army was marching into rome through the chesta very pope clement appointed a great roman nobleman named antonio santo croce to be captain of all the gunners the first thing that this man did was to come to me and having greeted me with the utmost kindness he stationed me with five fine pieces of artillery on the highest point of the castle to which the name of the angel specially belongs this circular eminence goes round the castle and surveys both the prati and the town of rome the captain put under my orders enough men to help in managing my guns and having seen me paid in advance he gave me rations of bread and a little wine and begged me to go forward as i had begun i was perhaps more inclined by nature to the profession of arms than to the one i had adopted and took such pleasure in its duties that i discharged them better than those of my own art night came the enemy had entered rome and we who were in the castle especially myself who have always taken pleasure in extraordinary sights stayed gazing on the indescribable scene of tumult and conflagration in the streets below people who were anywhere else but where we were could not have formed the least imagination of what it was i will not however set myself to describe that tragedy but will content myself with continuing the history of my own life and the circumstances which properly belong to it thirty five during the course of my artillery practice which i never intermitted through the whole month passed by us beleaguered in the castle i met with a great many very striking accidents all of them worthy to be related but since i do not care to be too prolific or to exhibit myself outside the sphere of my profession i will omit the larger part of them only touching upon those i cannot well neglect which shall be the fewest in number and the most remarkable the first which comes to hand is this mr antonio santo croce had made me come down from the angel in order to fire on some houses in the neighborhood where certain of our procedures had been seen to enter while i was firing a cannon shot reached me which hit the angle of a battlement and carried off enough of it to be the cause why i sustained no injury the whole mass struck me in the chest and took my breath away i lay stretched upon the ground like a dead man and could hear what the bystanders were saying among them all mr antonio santo croce lamented greatly exclaiming alas alas we have lost the best defender that we had attracted by the uproar one of my comrades ran up he was called jan francesco and was bansman but was far more naturally given to medicine than to music on the spot he flew off crying for a stoop of the very best greek wine then he made a tile red hot and cast upon it a good handful of wormwood after which he sprinkled the greek wine and when the wormwood was well soaked he laid it on my breast just where the bruise was visible to all such was the virtue of the wormwood that i immediately regained my scattered faculties i wanted to begin to speak but could not for some stupid soldiers had filled my mouth with earth imagining that by doing so they were giving me the sacrament and indeed they were more like to have excommunicated me since i could with difficulty come to myself again the earth was doing me more in mischief than the below however i escaped that danger and returned to the rage and fury of the guns pursuing my work there with all the ability and eagerness that i could summon pope clement by this had sent to demand assistance from the duke of urbino who was with the troops of venice he commissioned the envoy to tell his excellency that the castle of saint angelo would send up every evening three beacons from its summit accompanied by three discharges of the cannon thrice repeated and that so long as this signal was continued he might take for granted that the castle had not yielded i was charged with lighting the beacons and firing the guns for this purpose and all the while i pointed my artillery by day upon the places where mischief could be done the pope and consequence began to regard me with still greater favor because he saw that i discharged my functions as intelligently as the task demanded aid from the duke of orbino never came on which as it is not my business i will make no further comment 36. while i was at work on that diabolical task of mine there came from time to time to watch me some of the cardinals who were invested in the castle and most frequently the cardinal of ravenna and the cardinal de gotti i often told them not to show themselves since their nasty red caps gave a fair mark to our enemies from the neighboring buildings such as the torre du bini we ran great peril when they were there and at last i had them locked off and gained there by their deep ill will i frequently received visits also from the general orazio baglioni who was very well affected toward me one day while he was talking with me he noticed something going forward in a drinking place outside the porta-dilla castello which bore the name of baccanello this tavern had for sign a sun painted between two windows of a bright red color the windows being closed senor orazio concluded that a band of soldiers were carousing at table just between them and behind the sun so he said to me benvenuto if you think that you could hit that wall and elle's breath from the sun with your demi-cannon here i believe you would be doing a good stroke of business for there is a great commotion there and men of much importance must probably be inside the house i answered that i felt quite capable of hitting the sun in its center but that a barrel full of stones which was standing close to the muzzle of the gun might be knocked down by the shock of the discharge in the blast of the artillery he rejoined don't waste time benvenuto in the first place it is not possible where it is standing that the cannon's blast should bring it down and even if it were to fall and the pope himself was underneath the mischief would not be so great as you imagine fire then only fire taking no more thought about it i struck the sun in the center exactly as i said i should the cask was dislodged as i predicted and fell precisely between cardinal farnese and mr jacoby salviati it might very well have dashed out the brains of both of them except that just at that very moment farnese was reproaching salviati with having caused the sack of rome and while they stood apart from one another to exchange appropriate remarks my gabbian fell without destroying them when he heard the uproar in the court below good senior orazio dashed off in a hurry and i thrusting my neck forward where the cask had fallen heard some people saying it would not be a bad job to kill that gunner upon this i turned two falconettes toward the staircase with mind resolved to let blaze on the first man who attempted to come up the household of cardinal farnese must have received orders to go and do me some injury accordingly i prepared to receive them with a lighted match in hand recognizing some who were approaching i called out you lazy lubbers if you don't pack off from there and if but a man's child among you dares to touch the staircase i've got two cannon loaded which will blow you into powder go and tell the cardinal that i was acting at the order of superior officers and that what we have done and are doing is in defense of them priests and not to hurt them they made a way and then came senor erazio baglioni running i bad him stand back else i'd murder him for i knew very well who he was he drew back a little not without a certain show of fear and called out benvenuto i am your friend to this i answered sir come up but come alone and then come as you like the general who was a man of mighty pride stood still a moment and then said angrily i have a good mind not to come up again and to do quite the opposite of that which i intended to ward you i replied that just as i was put there to defend my neighbors i was equally well able to defend myself too he said that he was coming alone and when he arrived at the top of the stairs his features were more discomposed than i thought reasonable so i kept my hand upon my sword and stood eyeing him askance upon this he began to laugh and the color coming back into his face he said to me with the most pleasant manner friend benvenuto i bear you as great love as i have it in my heart to give and in god's good time i will render you proof of this would to god that you had killed those two rascals for one of them is the cause of all this trouble and the day perchance will come when the other will be found the cause of something even worse he then begged me if i should be asked not to say that he was with me when i fired the gun and for the rest bad me be of good cheer the commotion which the affair made was enormous and lasted a long while however i will not enlarge upon it further only adding that i was within an inch of revenging my father on messer jacopo salviati who had grievously injured him according to my father's complaints as it was unwittingly i gave the fellow a great fright a farnese i shall say nothing here because it will appear in its proper place how well it would have been if i had killed him 37. i pursued my business of artillerymen and every day performed some extraordinary feat whereby the credit and the favor i acquired with the pope was something indescribable there never passed today but what i killed one or another of our enemies in the besieging army on one occasion the pope was walking around the circular keep when he observed a spanish colonel in the prati he recognized the man by certain indications seeing that this officer had formerly been in his service and while he fixed his eyes on him he kept talking about him i above by the angel knew nothing of this but spied a fellow down there busying himself about the trenches with a javelin in his hand he was dressed entirely in rose color and so studying the worst that i could do against him i selected a ger falcon which i had at hand it is a piece of ordnance larger and longer than a swivel and about the size of a demi culverin this i emptied and loaded it again with a good charge of fine powder mixed with the coarser sort then i aimed it exactly at the man in red elevating prodigiously because a piece of that caliber could hardly be expected to carry true at such a distance i fired and hit my man exactly in the middle he had trust his sword in front for swagger after way those spaniards have and my ball when it struck him broke upon the blade and one could see the fellow cut in two fair halves the pope who was expecting nothing of this kind derived great pleasure and amazement from the site both because it seemed to him impossible that one should aim and hit the mark at such a distance and also because the man was cut in two and he could not comprehend how this should happen he sent for me and asked about it i explained all the devices i had used in firing but told him that why the man was cut in two halves neither he nor i could know upon my bended knees i then besought him to give me the pardon of his blessing for that homicide and for all the others i had committed in the castle in the service of the church thereat the pope raising his hand and making a large open sign of the cross upon my face told me that he blessed me and that he gave me pardon for all murders i had ever perpetrated or should ever perpetrate in the service of the apostolic church when i felt him i went aloft and never stayed from firing to the utmost of my power and few were the shots of mine that missed their mark my drawing and my fine studies in my craft and my charming art of music all were swallowed up in the den of that artillery and if i were to relate in detail all the splendid things i did in that infernal work of cruelty i should make the world stand by and wonder but not to be too prolix i will pass over them only i must tell a few of the most remarkable which are as it were forced in upon me to begin then pondering day and night what i could render for my own part in defense of holy church and having noticed that the enemy changed guard and marched past the great gate of santos spirito which was within a reasonable range i thereupon directed my attention to that spot but having to shoot sideways i could not do the damage that i wished although i killed a fair percentage every day this induced our adversaries when they saw their passage covered by my guns to load the roof of a certain house one night with 30 gabions which obstructed the view i formerly enjoyed taking better thought than i had done of the whole situation i now turned all my five pieces of artillery directly on the gabions and waited till the evening hour when they changed guard our enemies thinking they were safe came on at greater ease and in a closer body than usual whereupon i set fire to my blowpipes not merely did i dash to pieces the gabbians which stood in my way but what was better by that one blast i slaughtered more than thirty men in consequence of this maneuver which i repeated twice the soldiers were thrown into such disorder that being moreover encumbered with the spoils of that great sack and some of them desirous of enjoying the fruits of their labor they oftentimes showed a mind to mutiny and take themselves away from rome however after coming to terms with their valiant captain gian diorbino they were ultimately compelled at their excessive inconvenience to take another road when they changed guard it cost them three miles of march whereas before they had been half a mile having achieved this feat i was entreated with prodigious favors by all the men of quality who were invested in the castle this incident was so important that i thought it well to relate it before finishing the history of things outside my art which is the real object of my writing for sooth if i wanted to ornament my biography with such matters i should have far too much to tell there was only one more circumstance which now that the occasion offers i propose to record end of chapters 34-37 chapters 38-41 of the autobiography of benvenuto salini volume 1. this is a librivox recording all librivox recordings are in the public domain for more information or to volunteer please visit librivox.org the autobiography of ben benuto cellini volume 1 translated by john addington simons chapters 38 through 41 38 i shall skip over some intervening circumstances and tell how pope clement wishing to save the tierras and the whole collection of the great jewels of the apostolic camera had me called and the cavalierino in a room alone this cavalierino had been a groom in the stable of fideposti he was french and a person of the lowest birth but being a most faithful servant the pope had made him very rich and confided in him like himself so the pope the cavalier and i being shut up together they laid before me the tiaras and jewels of the regalia and his holiness ordered me to take all the gems out of their gold settings this i accordingly did afterwards i wrapped them separately up in bits of paper and we sewed them into the linings of the popes and the cavaliers close then they gave me all the gold which weighed about 200 pounds and bad me melt it down as secretly as i was able i went up to the angel where i had my lodging and could lock the door so as to be free from interruption there i built a little draft furnace of bricks with a large pot shaped like an open dish at the bottom of it then throwing the gold upon the coals it gradually sank through and dropped into the pan while the furnace was working i never left off watching how to annoy our enemies and as their trenches were less than a stone's throw right below us i was able to inflict considerable damage on them with some useless missiles of which there were several piles forming the old munition of the castle i chose a swivel and a falconette which were both a little damaged in the muzzle and filled them with the projectiles i have mentioned when i fired my guns they hurtled down like mad occasioning all sorts of unexpected mischief in the trenches accordingly i kept those pieces always going at the same time that the gold was being melted down and a little before vespers i noticed someone coming along the margin of the trench on mule back the mule was trotting very quickly and the man was talking to the soldiers in the trenches i took the precaution of discharging my artillery just before he came to the immediate opposite and so making a good calculation i hit my mark one of the fragments struck him in the face the rest were scattered on the mule which fell dead a tremendous uproar rose from the trench i opened fire with my other piece doing them a great hurt the man turned out to be the prince of orange who was carried through the trenches to a certain tavern in the neighborhood whether in a short while all the chief folk of the army came together when pope clement heard what i had done he sent it once to call for me and inquired into the circumstances i related the whole and added that the man must have been of the greatest consequence because the into which they carried him had been immediately filled by all the chiefs of the army so far at least as i could judge the pope with a shrewd instinct sent for mr antonio santa croce the nobleman who as i have said was chief and commander of the gunners he bad him order all us bombardiers to point our pieces which were very numerous in one mass upon the house and to discharge them all together upon the signal of an arc boost being fired he judged that if we killed the generals the army which was already almost on the point of breaking up would take flight god perhaps had heard the prayers they kept continually making and meant to rid them in this manner of these empires scoundrels we put our cannon in order at the command of santa croce and waited for the signal but when cardinal orsini became aware of what was going forward he began to expostulate with the pope protesting that the thing by no means ought to happen seeing they were on the point of concluding an accommodation and that if the generals were killed the rabble of the troops without a leader would storm the castle and complete their utter ruin consequently they could by no means allow the pope's plan to be carried out the poor pope in despair seeing himself assassinated both inside the castle and without said that he left them to arrange it on this our orders were countermanded but i who chafed against the leash when i knew that they were coming round to bid me stop from firing let blaze one of my demi cannons and struck a pillar in the courtyard of the house around which i saw a crowd of people clustering this shot did such damage to the enemy that it was like to have made them evacuate the house cardinal orsini was absolutely for having me hanged or put to death but the pope took off my cause with spirit the high words that passed between them though i well know what they are i will not here relate because i make no profession of writing history it is enough for me to occupy myself with my own affairs 39 after i had melted down the gold i took it to the pope who thanked me cordially for what i had done and ordered the cavallurino to give me 25 crowns apologizing to me for his inability to give me more a few days afterwards the articles of peace were signed i went with 300 comrades in the train of senior orazio buglioni toward perugia and there he wished to make me captain of the company but i was unwilling at the moment saying that i wanted first to go and see my father and to redeem the ban which was still in force against me at florence senor erazio told me that he had been appointed general of the florentines and sir pierre mario delato the envoy from florence was with him to whom he specially recommended me as his man in course of time i came to florence in the company of several comrades the plague was raging with indescribable fury when i reached home i found my good father who thought either that i must have been killed in the sack of rome or else that i should come back to him a beggar however i entirely defeated both these expectations for i was alive with plenty of money a fellow to wait on me and a good horse my joy on greeting the old man was so intense that while he embraced and kissed me i thought that i must die upon the spot after i had narrated all the devilries of that dreadful sack and had given him a good quantity of crowns which i had gained by my soldiering and when we had exchanged our tokens of affection he went off to the eight to redeem my ban it so happened that one of those magistrates who sentenced me was now again a member of the board it was the very man who had so inconsiderately told my father he meant to march me out into the country with the lances my father took this opportunity of addressing him with some meaning words in order to mark his revenge relying on the favor which orazio baclioni showed me matter standing thus i told my father how senor orazio had appointed me captain and that i ought to begin to think of enlisting my company at these words the poor old man was greatly disturbed and begged me for god's sake not to turn my thoughts to such an enterprise although he knew i should be fit for this or yet a greater business adding that his other son my brother was already a most valiant soldier and that i ought to pursue the noble art in which i had labored so many years and with such diligence of study although i promised to obey him he reflected like a man of sense that if senor orazio came to florence i could not withdraw myself for military service partly because i had passed my word as well as for other reasons he therefore thought of a good expedient for sending me away and spoke to me as follows oh my dear son the plague in this town is raging with immitable violence and i am always fancying you will come home infected with it i remember when i was a young man that i went to mantua where i was very kindly received and stayed there several years i pray and command you for the love of me to pack off and go thither and i would have you do this today rather than tomorrow 40. i had always taken pleasure in seeing the world and having never been to manchu i went there very willingly of the money i had brought to florence i left the greater part with my good father promising to help him wherever i might be and confiding him to the care of my elder sister her name was koza and since she never cared to marry she was admitted as a nun in santa or sola but she put off taking the veil in order to keep house for our old father and to look after my younger sister who was married to one bartolomeo a surgeon so then leaving home with my father's blessing i mounted my good horse and rode off on it to mantua it would take too long to describe that little journey in detail the whole world being darkened over with plague in war i had the greatest difficulty in reaching mantua however in the end i got there and looked about for work to do which i obtained from a maestro nicolo of milan goldsmith to the duke of mantua having thus settled down to work i went after two days of work to visit mr guilio romano that most excellent painter of whom i have already spoken and my very good friend he received me with the tenderist caresses and took it very ill that i had not dismounted at his house he was living like a lord and executing a great work for the duke outside the city gates in a place called delte it was a vast and prodigious undertaking as may still i suppose be seen by those who go there master guiller lost no time in speaking of me to the duke in terms of the warmest praise that prince commissioned me to make a model for a reliquary to hold the blood of christ which they have there and say it was brought to them by longinus then he turned to griellio bidding him to supply me with the design for it to this griellio replied my lord benvenuto is a man who does not need other people's sketches as your excellency will be very well able to judge when you shall see his model i set hand to the work and made a drawing for the wella query well adapted to contain the sacred file then i made a little wax and model of the cover this was a seated christ supporting his great cross aloft with the left hand while he seemed to lean against it and with the fingers of his right hand he appeared to be opening the wound in his side when it was finished it pleased the duke so much that he heaped favors on me and gave me to understand he would keep me in his service with such appointments as should enable me to live in affluence meanwhile i had paid my duty to the cardinal his brother who begged the duke to allow me to make the pontifical seat of his most reverend lordship this i began but while i was working at it i caught a quarter fever during each access of this fever i was thrown into delirium when i cursed manchua and its master and whoever stayed there at his own liking these words were reported to the duke by the milanese goldsmith who had not omitted to notice that the duke wanted to employ me when the prince heard the ravings of my sickness he flew into a passion against me and i being out of temper with mantua our bad feeling was reciprocal the seal was finished after four months together with several other little pieces i made for the duke under the name of the cardinal his reverence paid me well and badmi returned to rome to that marvelous city where we had made acquaintance i quitted mantra with a good sum of crowns and reached governo where the most valiant general giovanni had been killed here i had a slight relapse of fever which did not interrupt my journey and coming now to an end it never returned on me again when i arrived at florence i hope to find my dear father and knocking at the door a hump-backed woman in a fury showed her face at the window she drove me off with a torrent of abuse screaming that the side of me was a consumption to her to this misshapen hag i shouted ho tell me cross-grained hunchback is there no other face to see here but your ugly visage no and bad luck to you whereupon i answered in a loud voice in less than two hours it may never vex us more attracted by this dispute a neighbor put her head out from whom i learned that my father and all the people in the house had died of the plague as i had partly guessed it might be so my grief was not so great as it would otherwise have been the woman afterwards told me that only my sister liparata had escaped and that she had taken refuge with a pious lady named demona andrea de bellachi i took my way from thence to the end and met by accident a very dear friend of mine giovanni regali dismounting at his house we proceeded to the piazza where i received intelligence that my brother was alive and went to find him at the house of a friend of his called bertino aldo brendini on meeting we made demonstrations of the most passionate affection for he had heard that i was dead and i had heard that he was dead and so our joy at embracing one another was extravagant then he broke out into a loud fit of laughter and said come brother i will take you where i'm sure you'd never guess you must know that i have given our sister liparada away again in marriage and she holds it for absolute certain that you are dead on our way we told each other all the wonderful adventures we had met with and when we reached the house where our sister dwelt the surprise of seeing me alive threw her into a fainting fit and she felt senseless in my arms had not my brother been present her speechlessness and sudden seizure must have made her husband imagine i was someone different from a brother as indeed at first it did chachino however explained matters and busied himself in helping the sooning woman who soon came to then after shedding some tears for father sister husband and a little son whom she had lost she began to get the supper ready and during our merry meeting all that evening we talked no more about dead folk but rather discoursed gaily about weddings then with gladness and great enjoyment we brought our supper party to an end 41. on the entreaty of my brother and sister i remained at florence though my own inclination led me to return to rome the dear friend also who had helped me in some of my earlier troubles as i have narrated i mean piero son of giovanni landi he too advised me to make some stay in florence for the medici were in exile that is to say senor ipolito and senor alessandro who were afterwards respectively cardinal and duke of florence and he judged it would be well for me to wait and see what happened at that time there arrived in florence a scenes called gerolamo moretti who had lived long in turkey and was a man of lively intellect he came to my shop and commissioned me to make a golden medal to be worn in the hat the subject was to be hercules wrenching the lion's mouth while i was working at this piece michael angelo bonarati came often times to see it i had spent infinite pains upon the design so that the attitude of the figure and the fierce passion of the beast were executed in quite a different style from that of any craftsman who had hitherto attempted such groups this together with the fact that that the special branch of art was totally unknown to michelangelo made the divine master give such praises to my work that i felt incredibly inspired for further effort however i found little else to do but jewel setting and though i gained more thus than in any other way yet i was dissatisfied for i would fain have been employed upon some higher task than that of setting precious stones just then i met with frederico ginori a young man of a very lofty spirit he had lived some years in naples and being endowed with great charms of person and presence had been the lover of a neapolitan princess he wanted to have a medal made with atlas bearing the world upon his shoulders and applied to michelangelo for a design michelangelo made this answer go and find out a young goldsmith named ben venuto he will serve you admirably and certainly he does not stand in need of sketches by me however to prevent your thinking that i want to save myself the trouble of so slight and matter i will gladly sketch you something but meanwhile speak to benvenuto and let him also make a model he can then execute the better of the two designs frederico genore came to me and told me what he wanted adding there to how michelangelo had praised me and how he had suggested i should make a wax and model while he undertook to supply a sketch the words of that great man so heartened me that i set myself to work at once with eagerness upon the model and when i had finished it a painter who was intimate with michelangelo called giuliano bugyardini brought me the drawing of atlas on the same occasion i showed giuliano my little model in wax which was very different from michelangelo's drawing and frederico in concert with bugyardini agreed that i should work upon my model so i took it in hand and when michelangelo saw it he praised me through the skies this was a figure as i have said chiseled on a plate of gold atlas had the heaven upon his back made out of a crystal ball engraved with the zodiac upon a field of lapis lazuli the whole composition produced an indescribably fine effect and under it ran the legend summa tulis juvat frederico was so thoroughly well pleased that he paid me very liberally luigi almani was at that time in florence frederico ginori who enjoyed his friendship brought him often to my workshop and through this introduction we became very intimate together end of chapter 38-41 chapters 42-45 of the autobiography of benvenuto cellini volume 1 this is a librivox recording all librivox recordings are in the public domain for more information or to volunteer please visit librivox.org the autobiography of benvenuto cellini volume 1 translated by john addington simons chapter 42 through 45 42 pope clement had now declared war upon the city of florence which thereupon was put in a state of defense and the militia being organized in each quarter of the town i too received orders to serve in my turn i provided myself with a rich outfit and went about with the highest nobility of florence who showed a unanimous desire to fight for the defense of our liberties meanwhile the speeches which are usual upon such occasions were made in every quarter the young men met together more than was their want and everywhere we had but one topic of conversation it happened one day about noon that a crowd of tall men and lusty young fellows the first in the city were assembled in my workshop when a letter from rome was put into my hands it came from a man called maestro jacopini della barca his real name was jacopa della scarini but they called him della barca in rome because he kept a ferry boat upon the tiber between poncisto and ponte santa angelo he was a person of considerable talent distinguished by his pleasantries and striking conversation and he had formerly been a designer of patterns for the cloth weavers in florence this man was intimate with the pope who took great pleasure in hearing him talk being one day engaged in conversation they touched upon the sack and the defense of the castle this brought me to the pope's mind and he spoke of me in the very highest terms adding that if he knew where i was he should be glad to get me back maestro jacopo said i was in florence whereupon the pope bad the man right and tell me to return to him the letter i have mentioned was to the effect that i should do well if i resumed the service of clement and that this was sure to turn out to my advantage the young men who were present were curious to know what the letter contained wherefore i concealed it as well as i could afterwards i wrote to maestro jacopo begging him by no means whether for good or evil to write to me again he however grew more obstinate in his officiousness and wrote me another letter so extravagantly worded that if it had been seen i should have got into serious trouble the substance of it was that the pope required me to come at once wanting to employ me on a work of the greatest consequence also that if i wish to act a right i ought to throw up everything and not to stand against a pope in the party of those hare-brained radicals this letter when i read it put me in such a fright that i went to seek my dear friend pierre olandy directly he set his eyes on me he asked what accident had happened to upset me so i told my friend that it was quite impossible for me to explain what lay upon my mind and what was causing me this trouble only i entreated him to take the keys i gave him and to return the gems and gold in my drawers to such and such persons whose names he would find inscribed upon my memorandum book next i begged him to pack up the furniture of my house and keep account of it with his usual loving kindness and in a few days he should hear where i was the prudent young man guessing perhaps pretty nearly how the matter stood replied my brother go your way quickly then write to me and have no further care about your things i did as he advised he was the most loyal friend the wisest the most worthy the most discreet the most affectionate that i have ever known i left florence and went to rome and from there i wrote to him 43. upon my arrival at rome i found several of my former friends by whom i was very well received and kindly entertained no time was lost before i set myself to work at things which brought me profit but were not notable enough to be described there was a fine old man a goldsmith called rafaelo del moro who had considerable reputation in the trade and was to boot a very worthy fellow he begged me to consent to enter his workshop saying he had some commissions of importance to execute on which high profits might be looked for so i accepted his proposal with goodwill more than 10 days had elapsed and i had not presented myself to maestro jacopina de la barca meeting me one day by accident he gave me a hearty welcome and asked me how long i had been in rome when i told him i had been there about a fortnight he took it very ill and said that i showed little esteem for a pope who urgently compelled him to write three times for me i who had taken his persistence in the matter still more ill made no reply but swallowed down my irritation the man who suffered from a flux of words began one of his long yarns and went on talking till at last when i saw him tired out i merely said that he might bring me to the pope when he saw fit he answered that any time would do for him and i that i was always ready so we took our way toward the palace it was a monday thursday and when we reached the apartments of the pope he being known there and i expected we were at once admitted the pope was in bed suffering from a slide in disposition and he had with him messer jacobi salviati and the archbishop of capua when the pope set eyes on me he was exceedingly glad i kissed his feet and then as humbly as i could drew near to him which let him understand that i had things of consequence to utter on this he waved his hand and the two prelates retired to a distance from us i began at once to speak most blessed father from the time of the sack up to this hour i have never been able to confess or to communicate because they refused me absolution the case is this when i melted down the gold and worked at the unsetting of those jewels your holiness ordered the cavalierino to give me a modest reward for my labors of which i received nothing but on the contrary he rather paid me with abuse when then i ascended to the chamber where i had melted down the gold and washed the ashes i found about a pound and a half of gold and tiny grains like millet seeds and in as much as i had not muddy enough to take me home respectably i thought i would avail myself of this and give it back again when opportunity should offer now i am here at the feet of your holiness who is the only true confessor i entreat you to do me the favor of granting me indulgence so that i may be able to confess and communicate and by the grace of your holiness regain the grace of my lord god upon this the pope with a scarcely perceptible sigh remembering perhaps his former trials spoke as follows benvenuto i thoroughly believe what you tell me it is in my power to absolve you of any unbecoming deed you may have done and what is more i have the will so then speak out with frankness and perfect confidence for if you had taken the value of a whole tiara i am quite ready to pardon you there upon i answered i took nothing most blessed father but what i have confessed and this did not amount to the value of 140 dickets for that was the sum i received from the mint in perugia and with it i went home to comfort my poor old father the pope said your father has been as virtuous good and worthy a man as was ever born and you have not degenerated from him i am very sorry that the money was so little but such as you say it was i make you a present of it and give you my full pardon assure your confessor of this if there is nothing else upon your conscience which concerns me afterwards when you have confessed and communicated you shall present yourself to me again and it will be to your advantage when i parted from the pope mr jacopo and the archbishop approached and the pope spoke to them in the highest terms imaginable about me he said that he had confessed and absolved me then he commissioned the archbishop of capua to send for me and ask if i had any other need beyond this matter giving him full leave to absolve me amply and bidding him moreover treat me with the utmost kindness while i was walking away with maestro jacopino he asked me very inquisitively what was the close and lengthy conversation i had with his holiness after he had repeated the question more than twice i said that i did not mean to tell him because they were matters with which he had nothing to do and therefore he need not go on asking me then i went to do what had been agreed on with the pope and after the two festivals were over i again presented myself before his holiness he received me even better than before and said if you had come a little earlier to rome i should have commissioned you to restore my two tiers which were pulled to pieces in the castle these however with the exception of the gems are objects of little artistic interest so i will employ you on a piece of the very greatest consequence where you will be able to exhibit all your talents it is a button for my priests cope which has to be made round like a trencher and as big as a little trencher one third of a cubit wide upon this i want you to represent god the father in half relief and in the middle to set that magnificent big diamond which you remember together with several other gems of the greatest value cara doso began to make me one but did not finish it i want yours to be finished quickly so that i may enjoy the use of it a little while go then and make me a fine model he had all the jewels shown to me and then i went off like a shot to set myself to work 44. during the time when florence was besieged frederico genori for whom i made that medal of atlas died of consumption and the medal came into the hands of mr luigi alemany who after a little while took it to present in person to francis king of france accompanied by some of his own finest compositions the king was exceedingly delighted with the gift whereupon mr luigi told his majesty so much about my personal qualities as well as my art and spoke so favorably that the king expressed a wish to know me meanwhile i pushed my model for the button forward with all the diligence i could constructing it exactly of the size which the jewel itself was meant to have in the trade of the goldsmiths it roused considerable jealousy among those who thought they were capable of matching it a certain micheletto had just come to rome he was very clever at engraving cornelians and was moreover a most intelligent jeweler an old man of great celebrity he had been employed upon the pope's tiaras and while i was working at my model he wondered much that i had not applied to him being as he was a man of intelligence and of large credit with the pope at last when he saw that i was not coming to him he came to me and asked me what i was about what the pope has ordered me i answered then he said the pope has commissioned me to superintend everything which is being made for his holiness i only replied that i would ask the pope and then should know what answer i ought to give him he told me that i should repent and departing in anger had an interview with all the masters of the art they deliberated on the matter and charged michelle with the contact with the whole affair as was to be expected from a person of his talents he ordered more than 30 drawings to be made all different in their details for the peace the pope had commissioned having already access to his holiness's ear he took into his council another jeweler named pompeo a milanese who was in favor with the pope and related to messer treyano the first chamberlain of the court these two together then began to insinuate they had seen my model and did not think me up to a work of such extraordinary import the pope replied that he would also have to see it and that if he then found me unfit for the purpose he should look around for one who was fit both of them put in that they had several excellent designs ready to which the pope made answer that he was very pleased to hear it but that he did not care to look at them till i had completed my model afterwards he would take them all into consideration at the same time after a few days i finished my model and took it to the pope one morning when messer treyano made me wait till he had sent from micheletto and pompeo bidding them make haste and bring their drawings on their arrival we were introduced and micheletto and pompeo immediately unrolled their papers which the pope inspected the draftsman who had been employed were not in the jeweler's trade and therefore knew nothing about giving their right place to precious stones and jewelers on their side had not shown them how for i ought to say that a jeweler when he has to work with figures must of necessity understand design else he cannot produce anything worth looking at and so it turned out that all of them had stuck that famous diamond in the middle of the breast of god the father the pope who was an excellent connoisseur observing this mistake approved of none of them and when he had looked at about 10 he flung the rest down and said to me who was standing at a distance now show me your model benvenuto so that i may see if you have made the same mistake as these fellows i came forward and opened a little round box whereupon one would have thought that a light from heaven had struck the pope's eyes he cried aloud if you had been in my own body you could not have done it better as this proves those men there have found the right way to bring shame upon themselves a crowd of great lords pressing round the pope pointed out the difference between my model and the drawings when he had sufficiently commended it the others standing terrified and stupid before him he turned to me and said i am only afraid of one thing and that is of the utmost consequence friend benevoluto wax is easy to work in the real difficulty is to execute this in gold to those words i answered without moments hesitation most blessed father if i do not work it ten times better than the model let it be agreed beforehand that you pay me nothing when they heard this the nobleman made a great stir crying out that i was promising too much among them was an eminent philosopher who spoke out in my favor from the fine physiognomy and bodily symmetry which i observed in this young man i predict that he will accomplish what he says and think that he will even go beyond it the pope put in and this is my opinion also then he called his chamberlain mr trayano and bad him bring 500 golden ducats of the camera while we were waiting for the money the pope turned once more to gaze at leisure on the dexterous device i had employed for combining the diamond with the figure of god the father i had put the diamond exactly in the center of the piece and above it god the father was shown seated leaning nobly in a sideways attitude which made a perfect composition and did not interfere with the stone's effect lifting his right hand he was in the act of giving the benediction below the diamond i had placed three children who with their arms upraised were supporting the jewel one of them in the middle was in full relief the other two in half relief all around i said a crowd of cherubs in diverse attitudes adapted to the other gems a mantle undulated to the wind about the figure of god the father from the folds of which cherubs peeped out and there were other ornaments besides which made a very beautiful effect the work was executed in white stucco on a black stone when the money came the pope gave it to me with his own hand and begged me in the most winning terms to let him have it finished in his own days adding that this should be to my advantage 45. i took the money in the model home and was in the utmost impatience to begin my work after i had labored diligently for eight days the pope sent word by one of his chamberlains a very great gentleman of bologna that i was to come to him and bring what i had got in hand on the way the chamberlain who was the most gentle mannered person in the roman court told me that the pope not only wanted to see what i was doing but also intended to entrust me with another task of the highest consequence which was in fact to furnish dies for the money of the mint and bad me arm myself beforehand with the answer i should give in short he wished me to be prepared and therefore he had spoken when we came into the presence i lost no time in exhibiting the golden plate upon which i had as yet carved nothing but my figure of god the father but this though only in the rough displayed a grander style than that of the waxon model the pope regarded it with stupefaction and exclaimed from this moment forward i will believe everything you say then loading me with marks a favor he added it is my intention to give you another commission which if you feel competent to execute it i shall have no less at heart than this or more he proceeded to tell me that he wished to make dies for the coinage of his realm and asked if i had ever tried my hand at such things and if i had the courage to attempt them i answered that of courage for the task i had no lack and that i had seen how dyes were made but that i had not ever made any there was in the presence of certain mr thomaso of prado his holiness is datery and this man being a friend of my enemies put in most blessed father the favors you are showering upon this young man and he by nature so extremely over bold are enough to make him promise you a new world you have already given him one great task and now by adding a greater you are like to make them clash together the pope in a rage turned round on him and told him to mind his own business then he commanded me to make the model for a broad doubloon of gold upon which he wanted a naked christ with his hands tied and the inscription echo homo the reverse was to have a pope and emperor in the act of propping up a cross which seemed to fall and this legend unes spiritus at una fides erat in s after the pope had ordered this handsome coin bandanello the sculptor came up he had not yet been made a knight and with his wanted presumption muffled up in ignorance said for these goldsmiths one must make drawings for such fine things as that i turned around upon him in a moment and cried out that i did not want his drawings for my art but that i hoped before very long to give his art some trouble by my drawings the pope expressed high satisfaction at these words and turning to me said go then my benvenuto and devote yourself with spirit to my service and do not lend an ear to the chattering of these silly fellows so i went off and very quickly made two dies of steel then i stamped a coin in gold and one sunday after dinner took the coin and the dies to the pope who when he saw the piece was astonished and greatly gratified not only because my work pleased him excessively but also because of the rapidity with which i had performed it for the further satisfaction and amazement of his holiness i had brought with me all the old coins which in former times had been made by those able men who served popes helio and leo and when i noticed that mine pleased him far better i drew forth from my bosom a patent in which i prayed for the post of stamp manster in the mint this place was worth six golden crowns a month in addition to the dies which were paid at the rate of a ducat for three by the master of the mint the pope took my patent and handed it to the datari telling him to lose no time in dispatching the business the datery began to put it in his pocket saying most blessed father your holiness ought not to go so fast these are matters which deserve some reflection to this the pope replied i have heard what you have got to say give me here that patent he took it and signed it at once with his own hand then giving it back added now you have no answer left see that you dispatch it at once for this is my pleasure and benvenuto's shoes are worth the eyes of all those other blockheads so having thanked his holiness i went back rejoicing above measure to my work end of chapters 42-45 | Priceless Audiobooks | UCly1zcKPGzGW9wZMCZodWOA | 2019-11-09 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 19,184 | 100,639 |
jjMyljzGFxc | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jjMyljzGFxc | The Presbyterian Church in Morristown (NJ) Historic Sanctuary | [Music] welcome to the Presbyterian Church in Morristown today's church is the third house of worship for the presbyterian congregation in Morristown which dates to 17 33 at this location the first building was in use for approximately 55 years and the second for one hundred more this building is a hundred and 25 years old and standing strong with our hope that it will continue to serve future generations the building was designed by new york-based architect Josiah Cleveland Katy and completed in 1894 it was recently renovated which gives us a good reason to look back at the long history of this church in the early 1700s people in the area that would soon become known as Morristown traveled by foot horse and cart to the village of Whippany to worship as their community grew they desired their own church in 1733 they established the Morristown Presbyterian Church is a separate congregation and build a meeting house in 1739 240 the first ordained minister Reverend Timothy John's a Yale graduate arrived in 1742 the meeting house was a simple square structure a form favored by 17th and 18th century Protestant groups in the American colonies its simplicity of construction and its all-purpose nature made at a meeting house not just for worship but as a community gathering space the open interior was an intentional repudiation of the traditional Catholic churches of Europe with their long nave and the great distance between the congregation and the worship leaders a meeting house was intended to allow people to meet together to clearly hear the Word of God after 35 years in service the meetinghouse was expanded by cutting the building in half and extending it to the Westside by 25 feet a steeple had already been added and a bell hung in it according to tradition the Bell was a gift from King George the second when he granted a charter to the trustees of the Morristown congregation in 1756 a copy of the Charter can be seen in the church entrance the Bell has been in continuous use in all three church buildings and is now programmed to toll without manually pulling on a rope when the Continental Army stayed in Morristown during the American Revolution the old church was given over for use as a hospital the congregation is said to have carried on with worship in an orchard near the home of pastor John's while in Campton Morristown in the spring of 1777 General Washington a member of the Church of England asked pastor John's if he could join the congregation in its celebration of the Lord's Supper the Reverend is said to have replied most certainly ours is not the Presbyterian but the Lord's table and we hence give the Lord's invitation to all of his followers of whatever denomination a stained glass window installed in 1968 and made by J Whipple and company of Exeter England commemorates the general receiving Communion in the orchard the Washington window is one of the stained-glass windows in the present building representing events in the history of the church one trio illustrates the career of Reverend John Witherspoon and the church's relationship with Princeton University going back to colonial times the college was founded for the express purpose of training ministers in evangelical Presbyterianism Witherspoon who was Princeton sixth president appealed for aid in 1769 when Princeton faced financial hardship church trustees including the pastor responded with a donation of one hundred and forty British pounds part of the windows depicts witherspoon at Princeton teaching James Madison the future fourth President of the United States another shows Witherspoon signing the Declaration of Independence the only clergyman to do so Witherspoon also convened the first General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in Philadelphia in 1789 an event that made the American church independent of the church in Scotland that same year 1789 the trustees began discussion of building a new church and two years later some 200 men assisted in raising a wooden frame after more than 50 years as pastor Reverend John's gave his last sermon in the meeting house the new church was dedicated in 1795 it faced the Mars town green open land that was deeded to the town by the church in 1816 the church was a classic white wooden federal style building of a type common in many New England towns to this day it had a tall steeple that stood as a proud beacon on the green for a century although it had a humbling beginning soon after the church was completed a local resident - game for some target practice bullet holes are visible in this preserved weather vane a session house or building for holding meetings of the governing body of the church was added next to the sanctuary in 1816 this simple structure was replaced by a fashionable looking Chapel in the Italian style in 1869 a chapel that is still used for smaller services in many American churches in the 19th century social and theological controversies brought unrest there was dissension over the issue of allowing music and worship and of temperance and slavery by 1840 disagreements on matters both large and small resulted in the Mars town Presbyterian Church dividing into two distinct and separate congregations the First Presbyterian Church in Morristown and the second congregation later known as the South Street Presbyterian Church a wooden structure was built on South Street for the congregation of the second Church but was later consumed by fire a large brown stone building replaced it in 1877 that church was designed by devout Presbyterian and rising architect of the era Josiah Cleveland Cady known at that time for his design of the First Presbyterian Church of Oyster Bay Long Island Katie went on to a prolific and successful career designing the original Metropolitan Opera House the Museum of Natural History and several buildings at Wesleyan Williams and Trinity colleges as well as at Yale University less than 20 years after the South Street congregation hired him to design their church jckc would return to Morristown to design the sanctuary of the First Presbyterian Church as a very well-known and accomplished architect after a hundred years numerous repairs and a changing local Church landscape the once stately 1795 clapboard Presbyterian Church building on the green was dismantled the cornerstone for the new Katie design building was laid in 1893 and it was dedicated the following year architect Katie worked closely with the church building committee to create a magnificent Church inside and out the interior is full of decorative symbols including the empty cross a lion representing the resurrected Christ and a wreath of 12 circles recalling the 12 apostles Katie also worked with the organ maker Odell to design the organ case that original org was replaced in 1960 by one manufactured by the Austin organ company and it was upgraded again in the mid-1990s it now has 3,370 pipes and a musical instrument digital interface that provides a vast number of new digitally produced sounds the working organ pipes are in the organ behind the case the cosmetic pipes were rebuilded in the 1980s by a team of experts from Germany as of a quest from Elizabeth Lydell the great-great granddaughter of Reverend John's the first pastor the 182 original oak pews in the church are the work of James Clark a local carpenter on the building committee also in charge of erecting horse and buggy sheds on the property a side note for history enthusiasts at the time of the church's construction James Clark owned the colonial era jay-bez camp Fieldhouse at five Oliphant place in Morristown today it is also known as the Schuyler Hamilton house under the care of the Morristown chapter of the DAR the house is known as the location where Alexander Hamilton courted his future wife Eliza or Betsy Schuyler building this new church took a lot of time and money the total cost for this building dedicated in 1894 was 138 thousand two hundred and eighty dollars and 18 cents the steel framing was the most modern building system available but support for the large open interior space still relied on for immense columns of Polish New Brunswick red granite from a quarry in Maine each weighed 6,500 pounds and had to be hauled into place by special tracks built from the railroad line as in so many building projects budget realities loomed although the church was designed with a clock tower its construction was put on hold citizens outside the congregation offered to create a special subscription a monetary pledge to secure a clock in the tower that could be illuminated at night the church agreed to proceed if the money could be raised with the caveat that they could not guarantee the clock would always be lighted and the fund would need to include the cost for the height of the tower to be increased by five feet and for ornamental stonework to surround the four o'clock dials as shown in the architects drawings the community's contributions were sufficient to ensure that the tower was built as originally planned with clock faces visible throughout Morristown flanked by decorative relief sculptures the tower was the tallest structure in Morristown until the construction of headquarters Plaza in the early 1980s [Music] the church was designed with non pictorial windows but these were intended to be replaced over time with memorial windows depicting historical or scriptural events it took about 75 years but the work was done due to the generosity of members the first memorial window to be installed depicting the Good Shepherd was given in memory of George Stone in 1896 mr. stone was a wealthy businessman a member of brick Presbyterian Church in New York a visitor and contributed to the Morristown church whose summered here during the Gilded Age when many mansions were built in and around Morristown the window was designed with glass manufactured by Louis Comfort Tiffany and is marked copyright 1896 Tiffany glass decorating company note the opalescent quality of the glass a hallmark of Tiffany's finest work the resurrection window in memory of mr. stones wife Georgiana was installed next its importance was noted in the New York Observer in 1910 another Tiffany for real glass memorial window rich in color and design depicting an angel cave and three Mary's bringing spices to the empty tomb has been placed in the nave of the First Presbyterian Church in Morristown New Jersey the lighted trefoil shaped cross suspended in the narthex is also made with Tiffany glass the oldest artifact is located on the window screen separating the nave and the narthex it is a simple wooden cross made from a roof beam of Westminster Abbey England built in the 1300s a piece of wood was given to mr. Gordon Parsons a member of this church by a cousin who was in charge of the Abbey when the beams were restored in the 1960s in 1646 that beam overlooked the writing of the Westminster Confession of faith that is the doctrinal standard of the Presbyterian Church following construction this church thrived as did the South Street Church they operated independently but as generations passed earlier disputes faded and the congregation's held joint services and supported many of the same local national and foreign missions in 1925 both churches voted in favour of reuniting a window commemorates this event Pastor James Howard stands in the foreground of the South Street Church and pastor William Bennett is in front of this building in the middle Jesus is depicted with the words of Scripture that they may all be one the reunion window like the other historical windows was made by J Whipple & Company in England the reunited church was called and remains the Presbyterian Church in Morristown the final memorial window dedicated to William Woodward case was installed in 1970 it's subject is the nativity and it was created by Payne Studios based in Paterson New Jersey George Payne represented Whipple of Exeter England for many years in the United States and even after they discontinued formal ties Payne used many current and former whiffle designers the nativity window is made from a combination of types of glass you can see the solid colored glass similar to that used in the church history windows but also the window includes opalescent Tiffany glass that was located in Kokomo Indiana in 2018 2:19 the coffered ceiling was restored 576 rosettes were individually inspected and repaired the front chancel area was expanded and modified to better accommodate choirs and other programs lighting and a sound system improved vision and acoustics within the sanctuary space the renovation retained the integrity of the original design and enhanced the objective of architect Katy to build a progressive Protestant worship space with a central raised pulpit as the focal point according to Katie a forward-thinking modern church was to be a place for clearly seeing and hearing the Word of God with no blind spots or compromised acoustics this renovation funded by the congregation carries on this tradition by honoring the past and welcoming the future you | Presbyterian Church in Morristown | UCzrCN8bJ3O3sgzLw7-pS7fg | 2019-11-18 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 2,211 | 13,114 |
296t7vMcPI8 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=296t7vMcPI8 | Geocentric orbit | Wikipedia audio article | a geocentric orbit or Earth orbit involves any object orbiting planet Earth such as the moon or artificial satellites in 1997 NASA estimated there were approximately 2465 artificial satellite payloads orbiting the Earth and 6216 pieces of space debris as tracked by the goddard space flight center over 16,000 291 previously launched objects have decayed into the Earth's atmosphere pick list of terms and concepts altitude as used here the height of an object above the average surface of the Earth's oceans analemma a term in astronomy used to describe the plot of the positions of the Sun on the celestial sphere throughout one year closely resembles a figure eight Apogee is the farthest point that a satellite or celestial body can go from Earth at which the orbital velocity will be at its minimum eccentricity a measure of how much an orbit deviates from a perfect circle eccentricity is strictly defined for all circular and elliptical orbits and parabolic and hyperbolic trajectories equatorial plane as used here an imaginary plane extending from the equator on the earth to the celestial sphere escape velocity has used here the minimum velocity and object without propulsion needs to have to move away indefinitely from the earth an object at this velocity will enter a parabolic trajectory above this velocity it will enter a hyperbolic trajectory impulse the integral of a force over the time during which it acts measured in n sec or lb asterisk sect inclination the angle between a reference plane and another plane or axis in the sense discussed here the reference plane as the Earth's equatorial plane orbital characteristics the six parameters of the Keplerian elements needed to specify that orbit uniquely orbital period as defined here time it takes a satellite to make one full orbit around the Earth perigee is the nearest approach point of a satellite or celestial body from Earth at which the orbital velocity will be at its maximum sidereal day the time it takes for a celestial object to rotate 360 degrees for the earth this is 23 hours 56 minutes four point zero nine one seconds solar time has used here the local time is measured by a sundial velocity an object speed in a particular direction since velocity is defined as a vector both speed and direction are required to define it topic geocentric orbit types the following is a list of different geocentric orbit classifications topic altitude classifications low-earth orbit leo geocentric orbits ranging an altitude from 160 kilometers 100 statute miles to 2,000 kilometers 1,200 miles above mean sea level at 160 kilometers one revolution takes approximately 90 minutes and the circular orbital speed is 8,000 meters per second 26,000 feet per second medium Earth orbit Meo geocentric orbits with altitudes at Apogee ranging between two thousand kilometers 1,200 miles and that of the geosynchronous orbit at 35,000 786 kilometers 22,000 236 miles geosynchronous orbit geo geocentric circular orbit with an altitude of 35,000 786 kilometers 22,000 236 miles the period of the orbit equals one sidereal day coinciding with the rotation period of the earth the speed is approximately 3000 meters per second nine thousand eight hundred feet per second high Earth orbit heo geocentric orbits with altitudes at Apogee higher than that of the geosynchronous orbit a special case of high Earth orbit as the highly elliptical orbit where altitude at perigee is less than 2,000 kilometers 1,200 miles topic inclination classifications inclined orbit an orbit whose inclination in reference to the equatorial plane is not zero polar orbit a satellite that passes above or nearly above both poles of the planet on each revolution therefore it has an inclination of or very close to 90 degrees polar sun-synchronous orbit and nearly polar orbit that passes the equator at the same local time on every pass useful for image taking satellites because shadows will be the same on every pass topic eccentricity classifications circular orbit an orbit that has an eccentricity of zero and whose path traces a circle elliptic orbit an orbit with an eccentricity greater than zero and less than one whose orbit traces the path of an ellipse Hohmann transfer orbit an orbital maneuver that moves a spacecraft from one circular orbit to another using two engine impulses this maneuver was named after Walter Holman geosynchronous transfer orbit GTO a geocentric elliptic orbit where the perigee is at the altitude of a low-earth orbit Leo in the apogee at the altitude of a geosynchronous orbit highly elliptical orbit heo geocentric orbit with Apogee above thirty-five thousand seven hundred eighty six kilometers and low perigee about one thousand kilometers that result in long dwell times near Apogee vanya orbit a highly elliptical orbit with inclination of sixty three point four degrees an orbital period of one-half of a sidereal day roughly twelve hours such a satellite spends most of its time over a designated area of the earth tundra orbit a highly elliptical orbit with inclination of sixty three point four degrees an orbital period of one sidereal day roughly 24 hours such a satellite spends most of its time over a designated area of the earth hyperbolic trajectory and orbit with eccentricity greater than one the object's velocity reaches some value in excess of the escape velocity therefore it will escape the gravitational pull of the earth and continue to travel infinitely with a velocity relative to Earth decelerating to some finite value known as the hyperbolic excess velocity escape trajectory this trajectory must be used to launch an interplanetary probe away from Earth because the excess over escape velocity is what changes its heliocentric orbit from that of Earth capture trajectory this is the mirror image of the escape trajectory an object traveling with sufficient speed not aimed directly at earth will move toward it and accelerate in the absence of a decelerating engine impulse to put it into orbit it will follow the escape trajectory after periapsis parabolic trajectory an orbit with eccentricity exactly equal to one the object's velocity equals the escape velocity therefore it will escape the gravitational pull of the earth and continue to travel with a velocity relative to earth decelerating to zero a spacecraft launched from Earth with this velocity would travel some distance away from it but follow it around the Sun in the same heliocentric orbit it is possible but not likely that an object approaching earth could follow a parabolic capture trajectory but speed and direction would have to be precise topic directional classifications pro-grade orbit in orbit in which the projection of the object onto the equatorial plane revolves about the earth in the same direction as the rotation of the earth retrograde orbit in orbit in which the projection of the object unto the equatorial plane revolves about the earth in the direction opposite that of the rotation of the earth topic geosynchronous classifications semi synchronous orbit SSO an orbit with an altitude of approximately 20,000 200 kilometers twelve thousand six hundred miles and an orbital period of approximately 12 hours geosynchronous orbit geo orbits with an altitude of approximately 35,000 786 kilometers 20 mm 236 miles such a satellite would trace an analemma figure-eight in the sky geostationary orbit GSO a geosynchronous orbit with an inclination of 0 to an observer on the ground this satellite would appear as a fixed point in the sky Clarke orbit another name for a geostationary orbit named after the writer arthur c clarke earth orbital librarian points the librarian points for objects orbiting earth are at 105 degrees west and 75 degrees east more than 160 satellites are gathered at these two points super synchronous orbit a disposal storage orbit above gso geo satellites will drift west sub synchronous orbit a drift orbit close to but below GS o geo satellites will drift east graveyard orbit an orbit a few hundred kilometers above geosynchronous that satellites are moved into at the end of their operation disposal orbit the synonym for graveyard orbit junk orbit the synonym for graveyard orbit Topic special classifications sun-synchronous orbit and orbit which combines altitude and inclination in such a way that the satellite passes over any given point of the planet's surface at the same local solar time such an orbit can place a satellite in constant sunlight and is useful for imaging spy and weather satellites moon orbit the orbital characteristics of Earth's moon average altitude of 384 thousand four hundred three kilometers 238,857 miles elliptical inclined orbit topic non geocentric classifications Horseshoe orbit an orbit that appears to a ground observer to be orbiting a planet but is actually in co or betwen C asteroids 3753 crew 'the me in 2002 a a 29 EXO orbit a maneuver where a spacecraft approaches the height of orbit but lacks the velocity to sustain it suborbital spaceflight a synonym for EXO orbit soppec tangential velocities at altitude topic see also Earth's orbit list of orbits astrodynamics celestial sphere heliocentric orbit Aereo synchronous satellite Aereo stationary satellite escape velocity satellite space station topic references topic external links HTTP colon slash slash WWF Reimers org slash Jeff slash speed slash index.htm HTTP colon slash slash wwt cache faq.com slash medium - earth - orbit s HTML HTTP colon slash slash w whq nasa.gov slash office slash slash history slash Kangin / trajectory m HTTP colon slash slash web dot archive.org slash web / - o 100 - to 107 to 300 slash HTTP colon slash slash WWF acecomm science astronomy solar system slash second underscore moon underscore 9 9 102 9 HTML HTTP colon slash slash WWE Astro u wot a slash tilde weigert slash 375 3 / 3 7 5 3 HTML HTTP colon slash slash WWE Astro u wot a slash tilde weigert slash 29 / ah 29 HTML | wikipedia tts | UCYsYRb62nVuCJ8-FojrZRVw | 2018-11-19 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 1,641 | 9,949 |
mUhgxKI-6aw | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mUhgxKI-6aw | DIY Installing Anza 7 Resilient Hardwood in a Basement | Flooret | back to part two of turning our cold boring basement into a vibey entertainment space and today we're gonna get rid of these gray floors because they ain't it for you with the process though basically it was a lot of this and it got us here before it was finally time to start laying the new floors there are lots of back and forth we finally decided on florets silver and hardwood collection in the color onset just my first time laying flooring it was not Shawn's but all in all the process was pretty simple we used Pergo flooring underlayment and then we laid the boards on top and just hammered them until they locked in I was getting a little tired towards the end of the night but I knew just what to do I popped on Disney's Encanto and he hiking right up so we could finish the night strong still got a little distracted but we can't blame it last step in laying the hardwood flooring was making all of the cuts around the sliding glass door which was a task that I left up to Sean and then after that we popped back on that shoe molding and it was time to put our feet on these fresh new hardwood floors this is just the beginning of the basement renovation y'all we still have so much | Flooret | UCOKewsiUaAOThCGO5DlvWrw | 2023-06-19 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 232 | 1,194 |
U4wX4P-mx8c | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U4wX4P-mx8c | Universal Design for Learning Module 4: Multiple Means of Action and Expression | in this module we explore the diverse ways learners can express what they value know and can do we focused on how to offer choice and options for learners to demonstrate their learning when we broaden learning spaces to welcome different ways of knowing and doing we invite learners to act and express ways that honor their lived experiences and learning goals learners communicate optimally in certain modalities depending on the context and learning materials there is no singular means of action expression that will be optimal for all learners in all contexts as such providing various options for action and expression is essential for responding to the needs and talents of the widest range of learners possible the multiple means of action expression principle consists of three main guidelines options for physical action options for expression and communication and options for executive function the multiple means of action expression principle the how of learning helps us provide options and support so everyone can learn create and share in ways that work for them there are many different ways to provide options in choice through modality of format topic choice question choice and flexibility of timing having options can be richly rewarding for learners in this module we thought about which technology tools we use for action and expression that could be used in learning personal and professional environments access to learning can be enabled or hindered through technology many of the technologies we enjoy today are result of disability innovation for example text-to-speech has allowed individuals with learning disabilities to record their ideas effectively the same disability innovation has allowed smartphone users to easily send messages to friends while carrying groceries or writers to record ideas while riding transit or everyone to avoid more screen time in an already screen heavy day however technologies that increase accessibility and creativity for some may present barriers to others research suggests that post-secondary learners need a gradual and supportive process when learning to express themselves optimally this can be done through scaffolding elements in the course such as formative activities and opportunities to make connections offering choice to learners from the beginning of the course helps them to practice different modes of expression before choosing a format for higher stakes assessments for example offering the choice of written word spoken word or visual modes for self introductions is a low stakes way for students to explore different formats early in the learning experience it allows learners to adjust and acclimatize to multiple means of action expression before engaging in higher stakes assessment learners vary in their ability to monitor progress plan organize and predict how long it takes to complete multi-step projects our brain strategic networks includes the prefrontal cortex which is largely responsible for executive functioning executive functioning includes the ability to regulate inhibitions operate working memory and be cognitively flexible when managing complex tasks as chardonnay novak noted executive functioning requires students to consistently reflect on their progress and be flexible enough to choose more appropriate strategies in an attempt to successfully complete the task goal setting is contextual and discipline specific but having students reflect on their goals and how they align to the course can be an opportunity for them to further connect the course and course materials to their lived experiences learners ask themselves whether the space is safe or unsafe specifically the status and rank of those in the space and how much say they have if they're aware of the expectations and whether they feel they are part of a team learners can build new connections if they find themselves in a learning environment that welcomes their whole selves it is important not to assume barriers based on an individual's unique social identity aspects of which are both visible and invisible in our linear semestered and credentialed post-secondary system success in a program is often defined narrowly as graduating on time getting an entry-level job in the field or pursuing further formal education but this is not the definition of success for everyone there is much more work that needs to be done at a systems level to welcome other definitions of success at the course and program levels however we can use the udl framework to promote multiple pathways and entry points into the curriculum to allow students to achieve what they want from their learning experience when we broaden learning spaces to welcome different ways of knowing and doing learners able to express what they value know and can do under the action expression principle learners gain skills to plan strategize and inform their own learning expertise to interweave their past and present to broaden their learning [Music] you | Giulia Forsythe | UCnLbLGcswrduJ4atmXeBSjg | 2022-03-11 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 786 | 5,001 |
7QgOXcMlkDs | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7QgOXcMlkDs | OceanMOOC | 1.5 | The Ocean as a Common Heritage of Humankind | In this chapter, we will learn how governance of the ocean developed over the centuries. This inevitably requires an account of the norms that regulate interactions of humans with the oceans. Until very recently, it was only states who would make these rules. And this has changed a little to incorporate other aspects and other stakeholders. With regard to this chapter, it’s very important to keep in mind that the history of human power over the oceans has been a constant struggle and balancing between the notion of freedom on the one hand and the push for coastal power over the oceans on the other hand. From the seventeenth century onwards until now, any progressive step in the law of the sea reflects on one of these two categories; either emphasising freedom or emphasising coastal states’ power over the waters. In other words, states either aim at freedom – freedom of shipping, freedom of fishing, freedom of passage through straits or on coastal power – exclusive rights, restricting passage, restricting fishery rights, giving licences – in sort of fixing the boundaries and controlling their maritime zones. Starting this development over two millennia ago, the Romans, for instance, considered running water, the coastal strip, the sea and the air to be not susceptible to trade. So, individuals could not own it and neither what belonged to these categories. Yet the actual basis for our current marine governance system is to be found much later when humanity climbed out of the Middle Ages and Columbus sailed to the Americas in 1492. About half a year later, Pope Alexander VI divided the world between Spain and Portugal with a line running from pole to pole a hundred leagues west of the Azores or Cape Verde Islands. Imagine the pope saying: I divide the world and I give it to two states. You cannot imagine something like that today. And not everybody liked it at that time. At that time, Spain and Portugal were the two major powers. Yet, the situation began to change about a century later. From the end of the sixteenth century, ships sailed from the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands to what is now known Indonesia to participate in the highly lucrative spice trade. Portugal arrested one of the ships and claimed that it had a monopoly on the trade in this part of the world. It was their part of the world, giving to Portugal by the pope. The Republic then hired a young lawyer named Hugo Grotius who was to defend its case against Portugal. In short, he argued that the ocean is so vast that nobody can claim sovereignty over it. There would be no way to enforce such sovereignty anyway. So without any state sovereignty, everybody would be allowed to navigate and fish on the ocean, this being the most important uses of the seas back then. Interestingly, freedom of the seas was already known around the Strait of Malacca about a thousand years earlier. It was exactly this concept that a local ruler in Sulawesi used as an argument against Dutch attempts to monopolise the spice trade only thirty years after Grotius promoted freedom of the seas. This emphasises that colonial powers just used the freedom of the high seas whenever it suited them, a fact highlighted by the local Sulawesi ruler who pointed out this notconsistent behaviour to the Dutch. Grotius' work became the subject of critique from mainly British lawyers who promoted the idea of a closed sea as opposed to the freedoms. One reason for this was the rising power of the British empire and consequently less need for freedoms. The British could exercise their jurisdiction one way or another. So, they extended their sovereignty and the more sovereignty they had, the less they were interested that other powers would crossing through their waters. By unilaterally abolishing the freedom of fishing, for example, the British hoped to get rid of foreign fishing vessels in what they regarded their waters. So, it was all about economic power and sovereignty. So to say ‘extreme’ cases of national sovereignty over semienclosed seas occurred as well. Venice claimed the whole of the Adriatic Sea and Sweden the Baltic. And more and more countries began to expand their jurisdiction over a strip of the ocean directly adjacent to their coasts. And then claiming freedom of navigation for the rest of it. So, we already have two concepts combined here: sovereignty over certain parts and freedom for the rest. This strip of ocean water became to known as the territorial sea. The international community was only to agree upon its exact breadth at the end of the twentieth century. So, for centuries, states have argued whether that should be three or six or twelve or 200 nautical miles. It makes quite a difference. A first proposal came from the Dutch lawyer Cornelis van Bijnkershoek who stated that a coastal state may exercise sovereignty over that part of the sea that is within the reach of its cannons. Over the years, the socalled 'cannon shot rule' evolved and many states claimed a territorial sea up to three miles from their coastline, by then the reach of the most advanced cannons. The nineteenth century saw the start of big oil exploitation era. Although at first, the oil rigs stayed close to the coast or were even attached to it, soon they were moved out further and further offshore. This development triggered President Truman of the United States in September 1945 to declare that the United States had not only sovereignty over the terrestrial resources and those in the territorial sea but also over the natural resources of the continental shelf. It also highlights the fact that regulatory regimes now started to differentiate between the seafloor and the water column. Other states liked that idea because they said: Well, if the United States can claim the seafloor, so can we. And states started to embrace the idea that you can actually extend your land. Within 25 years from the Truman Declaration, the International Court of Justice confirmed the legal status of the continental shelf. It was not even necessary to claim it; it belonged to the coastal state. So, every coastal state automatically has jurisdiction over part of the seafloor. The Court held that the continental shelf was nothing different than a submerged natural prolongation of the land. So, if you own the land, you own part of the sea and you certainly own part of the seafloor. So at the end of the 1960s, extension of coastal state sovereignty seemed to be the rule. But other paradigms were being discussed as well. We asked dr. Awni Behnam, honorary president of the International Ocean Institute in Malta, to enlighten us. In 1972, the world was on the eve of a great adventure. Elisabeth Mann Borgese was at the center of momentous events. A new paradigm for the ocean was in construction; no longer mare liberum, no longer mare clausum. Elisabeth was instrumental in encouraging world leaders to rethink our relationship with the ocean and our management of marine resources. The ocean community, the underprivileged, the marginalised, coastal communities called her: the mother of the ocean. She inspired millions to have a worldwide view of the ocean that was landward looking and thus caring for the people and communities and in coastal villages. Elisabeth’s love for the ocean was surpassed only by her commitment to peace and the wellbeing of humankind. She saw in the making of the constitution of the oceans, the third United Nations conference of the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), the making of the new world order. She believed that the ocean should in fact become a laboratory for the making of that new world order. She believed that international regime for the peaceful use of the ocean is a construct to cultivate the ocean so that its power would in every way safeguard precious life on earth. The negotiations at the New International Economic Order were also on the way at the UN fora and an optimistic commitment to the global management through the institutions of the United Nations predominated. Elisabeth in her action and conviction sought linkage between the new order and the emerging constitution of the sea. She addressed the marine revolution that was driving UNCLOS III as one of the greatest disjunctures that have marked human history. She described it as a revolution in international relations but warned there were already ominous signs of the extreme in the euphoria of the revolution, that marine...that the marine revolution could turn out to be predominately destructive. Hence, she would demonstrate a great potential for pragmatism in the mistaken belief that Luddism does not work on land, it will not work on the water. During the 1960s, studies had shown that the wealth of mineral resources at the seafloor could potentially provide the means to end world poverty. Developing states were afraid that due to the freedom of the high seas these resources would be mined by developed states before they themselves had the capability to mine resources as well. To prevent a similar scenario than that of overfishing with regard now to the mineral resources of the deep seabed, Malta proposed at the United Nations in 1967 to declare the whole ocean beyond the territorial sea the common heritage of humankind. This would mean that the ocean beyond national jurisdiction 1) should be used for peaceful purposes only 2) should not be appropriated 3) should be subject to a benefitsharing mechanism for its resources 4) should be preserved for the whole humankind, also for future generations and 5) should be governed by an international authority. The common heritage concept tried to prevent the tragedy of the commons that would be inherent to the characteristics of the freedom of the sea on the one hand but also the expanding jurisdiction of coastal states on the other hand. The inception of the common heritage could not prevent that many states favoured the idea of broadening the sovereign rights they enjoyed over the natural resources of the continental shelf to the water column above it. The idea behind it was that if a state has rights over for example fish stocks, they will make sure that this fish stock will not be overfished. In this way, the concept of the exclusive economic zone emerged in the 1970s. Some people refer to this development as the biggest 'land' grab in history, although it’s a water grab, because large parts of the ocean where formerly the freedom of the high seas before and now were subject to coastal states' sovereign rights over natural resources. Hopes have not come true everywhere. Essentially for the functioning of the exclusive economic zones would be the capability of the coastal states to enforce their laws, to have good laws and to enforce them. Not all states do possess this ability, which is then abused by others to overfish certain stocks in exclusive economic zones of foreign states. Both the exclusive economic zone and the continental shelf regime may now extend to 200 nautical miles from the coast. That’s a vast space of ocean. Technically speaking, continental shelf regimes can be extended even beyond these 200 nautical miles if a geological continental shelf exists beyond that boundary. The planting of a Russian flag on the seafloor right at the north pole is based on such an extended continental shelf claim. Coastal claims like this would just leave a small part of the Arctic region beyond any national jurisdiction as Denmark via Greenland and Canada have made comparable claims. All in all, these developments result in an immense reduction of the areas beyond national jurisdiction. And we have learned that this is not necessary better because although they are taking out this common goods approach, this openaccess approach, it doesn’t necessarily mean that states are in a position to have better governance in place. And there are more events taking place that reduce the absolute freedom of the high seas. The current regime for deep seabed mining covers just mineral resources. It’s unclear what the regime for marine genetic resources is. Some claim that the freedom of the high seas is applicable. Others would like to see these rich resources covered by the common heritage. The fact that only flag states can exercise jurisdiction on the high seas diminishes the possibility to proclaim marine protected areas in areas beyond national jurisdiction. Fish species that occur both in the high seas and in waters under national jurisdiction also require international agreements to prevent them from being overfished in different zones. Luckily, an increasing amount of regional fisheries management organisations try to fill this gap. Some are doing better, other are comparably weak. To summarise this chapter, let me refer to key messages. From the seventeenth century onwards until now, states have always aimed either at freedom or at an extension of coastal power. Accelerated technological development, and consequently extended coastal jurisdiction, together with governance regimes that now also cover the areas beyond national jurisdiction leads to a diminishing part of the oceans where there is freedom of the high seas that is still applicable. | Ocean MOOC | UCLAKxnTbklv-f9ze0gu0DAA | 2017-05-15 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | detection | en | 2,207 | 13,201 |
LRiYSp9ScPo | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LRiYSp9ScPo | How to Use Healthgrades' Smartphone App for Reviews | Accelerate Marketing | San Diego | hi everyone it's caitlin from accelerate marketing and today i want to walk you through how to use the health grades app on your phone to leave a review so step one of course open the health grades app step two select or find your doctor from the my doctors page now when you open the app you'll be dropped right onto the dashboard at the my doctor's page and you'll either select your doctor from the save doctors or if you have no saved doctors like this example you will hit find a doctor to be prompted to search step 3 search for your doctor enter your doctor's full name into the find fields enter your doctor city into the mirror field here press search and then select your doctor from the drop down menu wherever they pop up down here step four press the how was your experience link which is this little link down here beneath the stars step 5 rate and review choose a star rating and or slide the bar to the appropriate number the it's a standard survey so you'll have several questions either you will pick a star rating or you'll slide the bar in this example you're indicating how many minutes the average wait time is step six submit review you enter your email address here and then submit survey and that's it you're done all right i hope this is as easy for you as it was for us and if you have any follow-up questions just let us know at accelerateymarketing.com thanks bye | Ryan Steinolfson | UCZASoCVxlb0KyXIHKiDym4g | 2014-11-17 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 263 | 1,392 |
SAzOy7iSeYg | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SAzOy7iSeYg | Vampire the Masquerade Bloodlines playthrough part 75 Always unexpected! | I recognize the smell of your blood young kite very potent greater than our last meeting I could smell it even over the flood of my Fallen Brethren doesn't that make you wonder puppet the strength of your blood is all that saved you from yourself wretched weak-minded mongr the blood is wasted in you wasted miserable ignorant cut spawn you are blind the sarcophagus must be destroyed I will do it myself if I must and you you will be purified it is the blood that he is speaking through the blood of all the ponds it all must be purified oh he a wow come a be at peace Kindred you stand amongst friends now indeed the Chang Brothers my greatest agents undone by the young soldier of lroy it was obvious your path was greater than I or he had anticipated we did have an arrangement lroy and I a mutually beneficial pact to drive the Lesser factions from the city lroy deal in recovering the anaran sarcophagus has been to the exclusion of many relationships mine incl did and I like yourself have been used by him in his desperate quest for power lroy feared alist grout the mavian primagen for the cursed Insight of his bloodline was strong and brought him uncomfortably close to the truth about lro's ambitions lroy saw an opportunity to rid himself of two problems a hardened Rebel leader and a problematic primagen in one fell stroke and as you can see I was integral to his plan Lacoy convinced me that an alliance with a camarilla could strengthen the position of the Quin and so with my help your prince framed n Rodriguez and the murderer of alist brown the disciplines of my Dharma have afforded me skill in the art of Disguise a useful tool as you can well imagine yes you were made to be the witness for your political naivity put your word Beyond reproach no one would believe you devise such a story lroy used you and once again turned a problem to his Advantage our dealings with lroy have put Integrity into question he has become careless his desire for the sarcophagus seems to have superseded all other concerns including political discretion it is obvious to me that he wishes to obtain it only so that he might use its power against those who would oppose him if he betrays his own kind in these Pursuits can I trust him to honor our allegiances can you you need to understand that you are a liability Kindred once lroy finds the right moment you will be disposed of just as he did with alist grout Mr Rodriguez your sire and countless others you are no more to him than an entry on his Ledger a sum of that which can be bled from you hear these words Kindred the sarcophagus is sealed against the ages only the proper key will break this seal that key Now lies safely in waging hands your Prince's prize cannot be had without it I hope you recognize my sincerity Kindred I would like to see you reach your destination before your path is cut short I hope when next we meet it is again as friends baby girl sh you for sh now baby girl there you money right been a while your money's been piling us baby girl is oh am I ever glad you're safe cinnamon bun I was UN sickly when I heard about the attack I worried you might have well anyway your security st's here to protect you now don't you worry I guess you can go on up he wasn't expecting you but you should be all right the sabat another obstacle is removed from the enemy we resurrect a new order and this in no small part to your service did you hear that you were never able to wipe them out completely keep it up and you may have his job continue on the course you're on now and you're bound to become a preeminent fixture of my court here's a token of my gratitude serve me well and we'll conquer this city Side by Side you found the key where who has it this nonsense again look I told you before no Kindred would ever Ally themselves with those demons this is a sub auge a trick to start a Civil War and apparently it's worked as of this moment there is no blood hunt against nines Rodriguez is the Quin have revealed their plot they want us to war against each other well to that I propose an alliance with the anox together we Kindred shall drive out these foreigners once and for all whether they trust me or not the qu Jin are the greater threat they do trust you however After all you've been working for them all this time spam me the explanation I don't hold it against you your affiliation is a trite concern next to your accomplishment in fact you alone can Bridge the two Kindred communities and sound The Quay Jin's death nail you'd be a legend go to the last round immediately tell them the qu Jin have admitted to killing grout and that the blood hunt against nines Rodriguez is officially over tell them I have realized the true threat The Quay Jin pose and wish to negotiate a PCT you're not the first person that comes to mind to play Emissary but your relative youth na will make you seem more sincere in the eyes of the anarchs than some of my other Representatives I will begin organizing plans for war secure this Alliance all our futures depends on it yeah you go right on up and see Meine gland oil in that new badge polish really makes this sucker shine hey ooh I don't get to do well for you only don't go telling any of her friends about this let's go somewhere more okay honey e on e a | Daus Hendriks | UCFqw6MZi-xjbz_tn74IEB1Q | 2014-07-14 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 1,010 | 5,291 |
WDQeqYmoMIs | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WDQeqYmoMIs | Matco Tools New Colored Digital Torque Wrench The Boss Lady Is Running The Truck Today | what's up guys today is saturday that's right y'all know what day it is let's take a look see what they got come on [Music] [Applause] so [Music] uh oh that's done got so bad she's booted michael off the truck he won't be right well we had to get some dirt work done so i feel like i'm better off on the truck than telling the guy how to lay the pad oh y'all fixing to build a shop i guess no we're doing a pool we have had it in our shed for a while and it's kind of time to put it up well that'll work yeah that'll work so can you not sell this box or what's the deal i try we actually had a brand new box michael went and picked up wednesday night and we went to three shops and it sold at our third shop wow that's a really nice box right there y'all should have a i thought that thing would have sold the first time i've seen it i did two i love that color but um i don't know i don't know if it's just like too big of a box right now for people that they don't want to spend you know but was the 4s just sell better is that yeah yeah in our area somebody don't want to spend that extra but we've had people that want it they just can't right now which is fine it's worth it in my opinion i'm very well pleased with the 6s we had somebody ask about a 6s3 bay and said they'd never seen one and they watch your videos all the time and i'm like have you not seen the box that we sold [Music] him [Music] so but uh anyways i guess i show you a new tool yeah okay so we got a new color in our torque wrench right there oh that's nice orange and it's angled and it's a flex head and it's got a bunch of other stuff up there that i can read on that's a nice one is that a 3 8 yes what's it go up to that's what i'm going to read on it goes from 10 to 100 foot pounds okay so i mean and it's a new color because you know you said you don't like the other colors so i do like the orange and i'm not mistaken i think we're starting to get them in green too but don't quote me on that because i'm not the greens will sail well everybody likes that green something well that's like we had somebody say about this light up here with a little speaker in it that if it wouldn't orange they would buy it i'm like people don't like crimson and they don't like orange now we're just picky but there's some people that don't like corn i like orange a lot just because you can see it when you lay it down you know well see that's my thing is i didn't realize like those hammers back there that michael had ordered in a meeting they're bright and i'm like why would you want something that bright you know because i mean it's just gonna get dirty he's like look whenever you get grease all over it you can still see that yeah if you get a block like this yeah once it gets dirty it's not going to work you know you're not able to see it's harder to see that's true exactly so oh and we got our new hats in our state hat oh yeah those look good mississippi on them so yeah michael should definitely leave you in charge of the apparel and shirts and hats and all that stuff i try and then he bless his heart he just can't he just came so he he got the taste time to order the hats and stuff he does but he don't like to order apparel because i think when he first got started we had too much and then that was on me too because i'm like look you need to get shirts and all this stuff and we kind of had a lot left over so he kind of slacked off when i got back on here i'm like i wanna at least try because everybody's asking for a shirt or a hat i actually had uh for those that don't know we we played t-ball last night and uh and um the the matco michael's little girl was on the other team of course it's just a scrimmage game and uh i thought man this is funny i'm sitting here i had a maco t-shirt on underneath my cause it was kind of cool last night i actually wore a long sleeve but i had a matco t-shirt on underneath my shirt i thought that's that's kind of funny because is that the team that y'all are sponsoring the older girls the tnu softball team so if you go over there i don't think i have a picture of it but they actually are the lady riveters so you know it's the lady riveter with her arm up and it has macko tools on her arm so i mean if you'd ever go take pictures i will like i'm we i hadn't really taken any picture i hadn't taken my camera to the ball field yet i wouldn't take my camera to the ball field the way they foul them off well the the little ones you know we're still we're trying to get to hang a t-ball like th you know the circle and keeping everybody 10 kids from running after the same ball so after we kind of get the bugs worked out of that i plan on doing some a little bit of photography work that'd be good and then you've got their uniforms on too so you'll be fine yeah i guess that works too like right now we're we've got a one little girl um there's a couple of pink bats we we as far as us we picked a black bat that way the color don't matter right yeah and uh there's one little girl she wants to swing the pink bat but it's way too heavy for just because it's pink so i think we're gonna probably end up having to go which our little girl she's fine with the the black bat because she hits really good with it but i guess we're gonna have to go buy a pink bat that's really light because our girls is out hitting our boys i noticed that they were doing really good last night but i do i do a lot of one-on-one because all the girls when we started like they was too teeming to hit the ball or they barely would swing so i'd get them off every one of them by their self and we'd hit like 30 balls now the girls is out cranking the boys so sometimes that works that's what we're gonna do all right guys well i guess we're gonna let miss metco get back to work maybe she can sell this gray and blue box and make michael happy today i wish i could sell it before he could he probably lets you off next week i'd hope if i sold all right guys like always thank y'all for watching if you liked the video hit that thumbs up check over here for merchandise cool tools and discount codes is down here and if you're not subscribed you take your finger and you click that button that's all you got to do you guys have a great one catch you later see ya | Koon Trucking | UCs9tr2w6dulUpnBhiR0nAjQ | 2021-04-24 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 1,309 | 6,281 |
VqBsOnh6Gtw | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VqBsOnh6Gtw | Millions Will Have an Awakened Kundalini -- Part IV | and I want to retry to understand the evolution in the next short period of time yes in the one sense you're saying that evolution is being driven by Kundalini it's the evolutionary force mechanism and fold support but that since mankind is in such a Carius state that we really have to evolve quickly but yet because become Bellini is biological it seems only very few people would get enlightened and they would basically have very few children they could only have a certain number of children wouldn't you say that if these men do get enlightened that the real effect of Kundalini would be a social a psychosocial evolution that an a proper environment is necessary for to maximize the opportunity for awakening now if you have political leaders who change the psychosocial environment they will do more that way than simply they could then they could do by begetting a hundred children each or was it in your mind that each of these enlightened people especially the men should have a maximum number of children I see well I think that the enlightened man would be very constrained in these matters he would be far different from we were present a political leaders and social workers he would know what he is required to do and after God because he will be guided by a higher intelligence he will know whether it is simple for him to prove it or whether he should conserve his energies for psychosocial revolution of mankind most probably hey they will not propagate as many children as maybe just what a normal manual then isn't the acceleration of the evolution of the evolving of men a psychosocial one by changing the environment rather than of the direct line of descendants from these enlightened men evolution is going on and by our own way of life we accelerate our target at the present moment we are accelerating it but in a perverse way we are developing the intellect at the cost of emotion and then that is the fault in our way of life whatever we do the evolutionary impulse will continue to earth and then it has so many ways to express itself it is not only an individual process but also a collective process process and it is by virtue of this evolution impulse that all the revolutions and all the mores have occurred in the world someday we will be found to put the evolution of mankind in the proper direction I am sure of it once you melt this law rule with all that which is still to be revealed about the I should say this intensely alluring life of the adult his unbounded joy of life and the world he can do if you put this ideal before mankind as an evolutionary target and adjust your social political and educational systems to eat it is not only a few but I think hundreds then thousands and maybe after sometime millions will have an American Nalini they may not reach this same stager but some may be only of the mediocre height in any case thousands of people will be ruined in Boracay this will say man this is the only this is the only way of Bhutan to survive | DrMickaelleMenos | UCn9-9lvMRQwME5celybB00A | 2014-11-28 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 551 | 3,001 |
Ifnl_EY5rsY | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ifnl_EY5rsY | Islam | Wikipedia audio article | islam is an abrahamic monotheistic religion which teaches that there is only one god allah and that muhammad is the messenger of god it is the world's second largest religion with over 1.8 billion followers or 24.1 percent of the world's population most commonly known as muslims muslims make up a majority of the population in 50 countries islam teaches that god is merciful all-powerful unique and has guided humankind through prophets revealed scriptures and natural signs the primary scriptures of islam are the quran viewed by muslims as the verbatim word of god and the teachings and normative example called the sunnah composed of accounts called hadith of muhammad c 572 8 june 6 32 ce muslims believe that islam is the complete and universal version of a primordial faith that was revealed many times before through prophets including adam abraham moses and jesus muslims consider the quran to be the unaltered and final revelation of god like other abrahamic religions islam also teaches a final judgment with the righteous rewarded paradise and unreaches punished in hell religious concepts and practices include the five pillars of islam which are obligatory acts of worship and following islamic law sharia which touches on virtually every aspect of life and society from banking and welfare to women and the environment the cities of mecca medina and jerusalem are home to the three holiest sites in islam aside from the theological viewpoint islam is historically believed to have originated in the early 7th century ce in mecca and by the 8th century the umayyad islamic caliphate extended from iberia in the west to the indus river in the east the islamic golden age refers to the period traditionally dated from the 8th century to the 13th century during the abbasid caliphate when much of the historically muslim world was experiencing a scientific economic and cultural flourishing the expansion of the muslim world involved various caliphates and empires traitors and conversion to islam by missionary activities dawah most muslims are of one of two denominations sunni 75 to 90 or shia 10 to 20 about 13 of muslims live in indonesia the largest muslim-majority country 23 percent in the middle east north africa where it is the dominant religion 31 in south asia the largest population of muslims in the world and 15 in sub-saharan africa sizable muslim communities are also found in the americas the caucasus central asia china europe mainland southeast asia the philippines and russia islam is the fastest growing major religion in the world etymology and meaning islam arabic aslam ipa al's m lisin is a verbal noun originating from the trilateral root slm which forms a large class of words mostly relating to concepts of wholeness submission safeness and peace in a religious context it means voluntary submission to god islam is the verbal noun of form iv of the root and means submission or surrender muslim the word for an adherent of islam is the active participle of the same verb form and means submitter or one who surrenders the word sometimes has distinct connotations in its various occurrences in the quran in some verses there is stress on the quality of islam as an internal spiritual state whomsoever god desires to guide he opens his heart to islam other verses connect islam and religion din together today i have perfected your religion din for you i have completed my blessing upon you i have approved islam for your religion still others describe islam as an action of returning to god more than just a verbal affirmation of faith in the hadith of gabriel islam is presented as one part of a triad that also includes iman faith and issan excellence islam was historically called muhammadanism in anglophone societies this term has fallen out of use and is sometimes said to be offensive because it suggests that a human being rather than god is central to muslims religion parallel to buddha in buddhism some authors however continue to use the term muhammadanism as a technical term for the religious system as opposed to the theological concept of islam that exists within that system articles of faith faith iman in the islamic creed akita is often represented as the six articles of faith notably spelled out in the hadith of gabriel concept of god islam is often seen as having the simplest doctrines of the major religions its most fundamental concept is a rigorous monotheism called tahed arabic what god is described in chapter 112 of the quran as say he is god the one and only god the eternal absolute he begeth not nor is he begotten and there is none like unto him 112 2 1-4 muslims repudiate polytheism and idolatry called shirk and reject the christian doctrine of the trinity in islam god is beyond all comprehension and thus muslims are not expected to anthropomorphize him god is described and referred to by certain names or attributes the most common being al-rahman meaning the compassionate and al-rahim meaning the merciful see names of god in islam muslims believe that the creation of everything in the universe was brought into being by god's sheer command be and it is and that the purpose of existence is to worship or to know god he is viewed as a personal god who responds whenever a person in need or distress calls him there are no intermediaries such as clergy to contact god who states i am nearer to him than his jugular vein god consciousness is referred to as taqwa allah is the term with no plural or gender used by muslims and arabic-speaking christians and jews to reference god while isla arabic al is the term used for a deity or a god in general other non-arab muslims might use different names as much as allah for instance tanri in turkish coda in persian or kuda in urdu angels belief in angels is fundamental to the faith of islam the arabic word for angel arabic milk malik means messenger like its counterparts in hebrew mal ok and greek angelos angels do not possess any bodily desire and are not subject to temptations such as eating drinking or procreation angel's duties include communicating revelations from god glorifying god recording every person's actions and taking a person's soul at the time of death muslims believe that angels are made of light they are described as messengers with wings 2 or 3 or 4 pairs he god adds to creation as he pleases some scholars have emphasized a metaphorical reinterpretation of the concept of angels pictorial depictions of angels are generally avoided in islamic art as the idea of giving form to anything immaterial is not accepted muslims therefore do not generally share the perceptions of angelic pictorial depictions such as those found in western art revelations the islamic holy books are the records which most muslims believe were dictated by god to various prophets muslims believe that parts of the previously revealed scriptures the tarat torah and the angel gospel had become distorted either in interpretation in text or both the quran literally recitation is viewed by muslims as the final revelation and literal word of god and is widely regarded as the finest literary work in the classical arabic language muslims believe that the verses of the quran were revealed to muhammad by god through the archangel gabriel gibral on many occasions between 610 ce until his death on june 8 632. while muhammad was alive all of these revelations were written down by his companions sahaba although the prime method of transmission was orally through memorization the quran is divided into 114 chapters suras which combined contains 6236 verses ayat the chronologically earlier surahs revealed at mecca are primarily concerned with ethical and spiritual topics the later medinan surahs mostly discuss social and legal issues relevant to the muslim community the qur'an is more concerned with moral guidance than legislation and is considered the sourcebook of islamic principles and values muslim jurists consult the hadith reports or the written record of prophet muhammad's life to both supplement the quran and assist with its interpretation the science of quranic commentary and exegesis is known as tafsir the set of rules governing proper elocution of recitation is called tajwad muslims usually view the quran as the original scripture is revealed in arabic and that any translations are necessarily deficient which are regarded only as commentaries on the quran prophets and sunnah muslims identified the prophets arabic and anbi of islam as those humans chosen by god to be his messengers according to the quran the prophets were instructed by god to bring the will of god to the peoples of the nations muslims believe that prophets are human and not divine though some are able to perform miracles to prove their claim islamic theology says that all of god's messengers preached the message of islam submission to the will of god the quran mentions the names of numerous figures considered prophets in islam including adam noah abraham moses and jesus among others muslims believe that god finally sent muhammad as the last law-bearing prophet seal of the prophets to convey the divine message to the whole world to sum up and to finalize the word of god in islam the normative example of muhammad's life is called the sunnah literally trodden path muslims are encouraged to emulate muhammad's actions in their daily lives and the sunnah is seen as crucial to guiding interpretation of the quran this example is preserved in traditions known as hadith which recount his words his actions and his personal characteristics hadith kudzi is a sub-category of hadith regarded as verbatim words of god quoted by muhammad but is not part of the quran a hadith involves two elements a chain of narrators called sanad and the actual wording called matn hadiths can be classified by studying the narration as authentic or correct called sahih arabic good called hassan arabic hassan or weak called if arabic def among others muhammad al-bukhari collected over 300 000 hadith but only included 2602 distinct hadith that passed veracity tests that codified them as authentic into his book sahih al-bukhari which is considered by sunnis to be the most authentic source after the quran another famous sources of hadiths is known as the four books which shias consider as the most authentic hadith reference resurrection and judgment belief in the day of resurrection yom al-qiyamah arabic yam al-khimt is also crucial for muslims they believe the time of qiama is preordained by god but unknown to man the trials and tribulations preceding and during the qiama are described in the quran and the hadith and also in the commentaries of scholars the quran emphasizes bodily resurrection a break from the pre-islamic arabian understanding of death on yom al-qiyamah muslims believe all humankind will be judged on their good and bad deeds and consigned to jannah paradise or johannam hell r and in surat al-zalzallah describes this as so whoever does an adam's weight of good will see it 99-7 and whoever does an adam's weight of evil will see it 99-8 the q-u-r enlists several sins that can condem a person to hell such as disbelief in god arabic kfrk ufr and dishonesty however the qiuaran makes it clear god will forgive the sins of those who repent if he so wills good deeds such as charity prayer and compassion towards animals will be rewarded with entry to heaven muslims view heaven as a place of joy and blessings with q-u-r-anic references describing its features mystical traditions in islam place these heavenly delights in the context of an ecstatic awareness of god yom al-qiyamah is also identified in the quran as yom ad-din arabic yaumov day of religion azesa arabic the last hour and al-qariyah arabic the clatterer islamic apocalyptic literature describing armageddon is often known as fitna or malahim a common expectation depicts armageddon with the arrival of the mahdi prophesied redeemer who will be sent and with the help of jesus to battle the antichrist they will triumph liberating islam from cruelty and this will be followed by a time of serenity with people living true to religious values topic divine will the concept of divine will is referred to as al-qaed wa l-kadar which literally derives from a root that means to measure everything good and bad is believed to have been decreed topic acts of worship there are five basic religious acts in islam collectively known as the pillars of islam are can al-islam also arc an ad din pillars of religion which are considered obligatory for all believers the quran presents them as a framework for worship and a sign of commitment to the faith they are 1 the creed shahada 2 daily prayers salah 3 almsgiving zakat 4 fasting during ramadan psalm and 5 the pilgrimage to mecca hajj at least once in a lifetime both shia and sunni sects agree on the essential details for the performance of these acts apart from these muslims also perform other religious acts notable among them are charity sadika and recitation of the quran testimony the shahada which is the basic creed of islam that must be recited under oath with the specific statement ashadu allah ilaha illa lahu wa ashadu anna muhammadan resulu law or i testify that there is no god but god muhammad is the messenger of god ashichti onla al-allah al-1 imhamdah arsul all this testament is a foundation for all other beliefs and practices in islam muslims must repeat the shahada in prayer and non-muslims wishing to convert to islam are required to recite the creed topic prayer ritual prayers are called salah or salat arabic solid is intended to focus the mind on god and is seen as a personal communication with him that expresses gratitude and worship performing prayers five times a day is compulsory but flexibility in the timing specifics is allowed depending on circumstances the prayers are recited in the arabic language and consist of verses from the quran the prayers are done with the chest in direction of the kaaba though in the early days of islam they were done in direction of jerusalem the act of supplicating is referred to as dua a mosque is a place of worship for muslims who often refer to it by its arabic name masjid a large mosque for gathering for friday prayers or eid prayers are called masjid jaime although the primary purpose of the mosque is to serve as a place of prayer it is also important to the muslim community as a place to meet and study in madinah all masjid al-nabawi or the prophet's mosque was also a place of refuge for the poor modern mosques have evolved greatly from the early designs of the 7th century and contain a variety of architectural elements such as minarets the means used to signal the approach of prayer time is a vocal call known as the adan charity zakat arabic zikat zakha alms is giving a fixed portion of accumulated wealth by those who can afford it to help the poor or needy and for those employed to collect zakat also for bringing hearts together freeing captives for those in debt or bonded labor and for the stranded traveler it is considered a religious obligation as opposed to voluntary charity that the well-off o to the needy because their wealth is seen as a trust from god's bounty conservative estimates of annual zakat is estimated to be 15 times global humanitarian aid contributions the amount of zakat to be paid on capital assets e.g money is 2.5 1 40 per year for people who are not poor sadica means optional charity which is practiced as religious duty and out of generosity both the quran and the hadith have put much emphasis on spending money for the welfare of needy people and have urged the muslims to give more as an act of optional charity the quran says spend something in charity out of the substance which we have bestowed on you before death should come to any of you 63-10 one of the early teachings of muhammad was that god expects men to be generous with their wealth and not to be miserly quran 107-1-7 accumulating wealth without spending it to address the needs of the poor is generally prohibited and admonished another kind of charity in islam is waqf which means perpetual religious endowment topic fasting fasting arabic swim som from food and drink among other things must be performed from dawn to dusk during the month of ramadan the fast is to encourage a feeling of nearness to god and during it muslims should express their gratitude for and dependence on him atone for their past sins develop self-control and restraint and think of the needy som is not obligatory for several groups for whom it would constitute an undue burden for others flexibility is allowed depending on circumstances but missed fasts must be compensated for later pilgrimage the obligatory islamic pilgrimage called the hajj arabic j has to be performed during the islamic month of dual hicha in the city of mecca every able-bodied muslim who can afford it must make the pilgrimage to mecca at least once in his or her lifetime rituals of the hajj include spending a day and a night in the tents in the desert plain of mena then a day in the desert plain of arafat praying and worshiping god following the footsteps of abraham then spending a night out in the open sleeping on the desert sand in the desert plain of mustalipha then moving to jammurad symbolically stoning the devil recounting abraham's actions then going to mecca and walking seven times around the kaaba which muslims believe was built as a place of worship by abraham then walking seven times between mount safa and mount marwa recounting the steps of abraham's wife while she was looking for water for her son ismail in the desert before mecca developed into a settlement another form of pilgrimage umrah can be undertaken at any time of the year quranic recitation and memorization muslims recite and memorize the whole or part of the quran as acts of virtue reciting the quran with elocution has been described as an excellent act of worship pious muslims recite the whole quran at the month of ramadan in islamic societies any social program generally begins with the recitation of the quran one who has memorized the whole quran is called ahafiz who it is said will be able to intercede for 10 people on the last judgment day apart from this almost every muslim memorizes some portion of the quran because they need to recite it during their prayers law sharia is the religious law forming part of the islamic tradition it is derived from the religious precepts of islam particularly the quran and the hadith in arabic the term shah ah refers to god's divine law and is contrasted with fick which refers to its scholarly interpretations the manner of its application in modern times has been a subject of dispute between muslim traditionalists and reformists traditional theory of islamic jurisprudence recognizes four sources of sharia the quran sunnah hadith and seera kias analogical reasoning and ijma juridical consensus different legal schools develop methodologies for deriving sharia rulings from scriptural sources using a process known as ijahad inference traditional jurisprudence distinguishes two principal branches of law abadi rituals and mu amoled social relations which together comprise a wide range of topics its rulings assign actions to one of five categories mandatory recommended permitted abhorred and prohibited thus some areas of sharia overlap with the western notion of law while others correspond more broadly to living life in accordance with gods while historically sharia was interpreted by independent jurists muftis their legal opinions fatwas were taken into account by ruler-appointed judges who presided over qati's courts and by masalim courts which were controlled by the rulers council and administered criminal law in the modern era sharia-based criminal laws were widely replaced by statutes inspired by european models while the constitutions of most muslim-majority states contain references to sharia its classical rules were largely retained only in personal status family laws legislative bodies which codified these laws sought to modernize them without abandoning their foundations in traditional jurisprudence the islamic revival of the late 20th century brought along calls by islamist movements for full implementation of sharia the role of sharia has become a contested topic around the world there are ongoing debates as to whether sharia is compatible with secular forms of government human rights freedom of thought and women's rights scholars islam like judaism has no clergy in the sacerdotal sense such as priests who mediate between god and people however there are many terms in islam to refer to religiously sanctioned positions of islam in the broadest sense the term alema arabic elma is used to describe the body of muslim scholars who have completed several years of training and study of islamic sciences a jurist who interprets islamic law is called a mufti arabic mft and often issues judicial opinions called fatwas a scholar of jurisprudence is called the phaki arabic someone who studies the science of hadith is called a muhadith a qadi is a judge in an islamic court honorific titles given to scholars include sheikh mullah and malvi imam arabic a mam is a leadership position often used in the context of conducting islamic worship services schools of jurisprudence a school of jurisprudence is referred to as a madab arabic the four major sunni schools are the hanafi maliki shafi hanbali and sometimes zahiri while the two major shia schools are jaffari and zaidi each differ in their methodology called yusel al-fik the following of decisions by a religious expert without necessarily examining the decision's reasoning is called talklead the term gare mukhalid literally refers to those who do not use talklead and by extension do not have a madab the practice of an individual interpretating law with independent reasoning is called ijihad topic economics to reduce the gap between the rich and the poor islamic economic jurisprudence encourages trade discourages the hoarding of wealth and outlaws interest-bearing loans usury the term as reba in arabic therefore wealth is taxed through zakat but trade is not taxed usury which allows the rich to get richer without sharing in the risk is forbidden in islam profit sharing and venture capital where the lender is also exposed to risk is acceptable hoarding of food for speculation is also discouraged the taking of land belonging to others is also prohibited the prohibition of usury has resulted in the development of islamic banking during the time of muhammad any money that went to the state was immediately used to help the poor then in 634 umar formally established the welfare state bait al-mal the bade al-mal or the welfare state was for the muslim and non-muslim poor needy elderly orphans widows and the disabled the bade al-mal ran for hundreds of years under the rasheedan caliphate in the 7th century and continued through the umayyad period and well into the abbasid era umar also introduced child benefit and pensions for the children and the elderly jihad jihad means to strive or struggle in the way of god jihad in its broadest sense is exerting one's utmost power efforts endeavors or ability in contending with an object of disapprobation depending on the object being a visible enemy the devil and aspects of one's own self such as sinful desires different categories of jihad are defined jihad also refers to ones striving to attain religious and moral perfection when used without any qualifier jihad is understood in its military form some muslim authorities especially among the shia and sufis distinguish between the greater jihad which pertains to spiritual self-perfection and the lesser jihad defined as warfare within islamic jurisprudence jihad is usually taken to mean military exertion against non-muslim combatants jihad is the only form of warfare permissible in islamic law and may be declared against illegal works terrorists criminal groups rebels apostates and leaders or states who oppress muslims most muslims today interpret jihad as only a defensive form of warfare jihad only becomes an individual duty for those vested with authority for the rest of the populace this happens only in the case of a general mobilization for most twelver shias offensive jihad can only be declared by a divinely appointed leader of the muslim community and as such is suspended since muhammad al-mahdi's occultation in 868 a.d society family life in a muslim family the birth of a child is attended with some religious ceremonies immediately after the birth the words of adan is pronounced in the right ear of the child in the seventh day the aquica ceremony is performed in which an animal is sacrificed and its meat is distributed among the poor the head of the child is also shaved and an amount of money equaling the weight of the child's hair is donated to the poor apart from fulfilling the basic needs of food shelter and education the parents or the elderly members of family also undertake the task of teaching moral qualities religious knowledge and religious practices to the children marriage which serves as the foundation of a muslim family is a civil contract which consists of an offer and acceptance between two qualified parties in the presence of two witnesses the groom is required to pay a bridal gift marr to the bride as stipulated in the contract most families in the islamic world are monogamous a practice wherein a woman takes on two or more husbands as prohibited in islam however muslim men are allowed to practice polygyny that is they can have more than one wife at the same time up to a total of four for surah 4 verse 3. a man does not need approval of his first wife for a second marriage as there is no evidence in the quran or hadith to suggest this the testimony of a woman is deemed in islam to be worth half that of a man with muslims coming from diverse backgrounds including 49 muslim-majority countries plus a strong presence as large minorities throughout the world there are many variations on muslim weddings generally in a muslim family a woman's sphere of operation is the home and a man's corresponding sphere is the outside world however in practice this separation is not as rigid as it appears with regard to inheritance a son's share is double that of a daughter's certain religious rites are performed during and after the death of a muslim those near a dying man encourage him to pronounce the shahada as muslims want their last word to be their profession of faith after the death the body is appropriately bathed by the members of the same gender and then enshrouded in a threefold white garment called caffeine placing the body on a beer it is first taken to a mosque where funeral prayer is offered for the dead person and then to the graveyard for burial etiquette and diet many practices fall in the category of adab or islamic etiquette this includes greeting others with as salamu alaikum peace be unto you saying bismillah in the name of god before meals and using only the right hand for eating and drinking islamic hygienic practices mainly fall into the category of personal cleanliness and health circumcision of male offspring is also practiced in islam islamic burial rituals include saying the solid al-janaza funeral prayer over the bathed and enshrouded dead body and burying it in a grave muslims are restricted in their diet prohibited foods include pork products blood carrion and alcohol all meat must come from a herbivorous animal slaughtered in the name of god by a muslim jew or christian with the exception of game that one has hunted or fished for oneself food permissible for muslims is known as halal food topic social responsibilities in a muslim society various social service activities are performed by the members of the community as these activities are instructed by islamic canonical texts a muslim's religious life is seen incomplete if not attended by service to humanity in fact in islamic tradition the idea of social welfare has been presented as one of its principal values the tutu 177 verse of the quran is often cited to encapsulate the islamic idea of social welfare similarly duties to parents neighbors relatives sikh people the old and minorities have been defined in islam respecting and obeying one's parents and taking care of them especially in their old age have been made a religious obligation a two-fold approach is generally prescribed with regard to duty to relatives keeping good relations with them and offering them financial help if necessary severing ties with them has been admonished regardless of a neighbor's religious identity islam teaches muslims to treat neighbouring people in the best possible manner and not to cause them any difficulty concerning orphaned children the quran forbids harsh and oppressive treatment to them while urging kindness and justice towards them it also rebukes those who do not honor and feed orphaned children quran 89-17-18 character the quran and the sunnah of muhammad prescribe a comprehensive body of moral guidelines for muslims to be followed in their personal social political and religious life proper moral conduct good deeds righteousness and good character come within the sphere of the moral guidelines in islam the observance of moral virtues is always associated with religious significance because it elevates the religious status of a believer and is often seen as a superrogatory act of worshipping one typical islamic teaching on morality is that imposing a penalty on an offender in proportion to their offence is permissible and just but forgiving the offender is better to go one step further by offering a favor to the offender is regarded the highest excellence the quran says repel evil with what is best 41-34 thus a muslim is expected to act only in good manners as bad manners and deeds earn vices the fundamental moral qualities in islam are justice forgiveness righteousness kindness honesty and piety other mostly insisted moral virtues include but not limited to charitable activities fulfillment of promise modesty and humility decency in speech tolerance trustworthiness patience truthfulness anger management and sincerity of intention as a religion islam emphasizes the idea of having a good character as muhammad said the best among you are those who have the best manners and character sahih al-bukhari 8 73-56 in islam justice is not only a moral virtue but also an obligation to be fulfilled under all circumstances the quran and the hadith describe god as being kind and merciful to his creatures and tell people to be kind likewise as a virtue forgiveness is much celebrated in islam and is regarded as an important muslim practice about modesty muhammad is reported as saying every religion has its characteristic and the characteristic of islam is modesty government mainstream islamic law does not distinguish between matters of church and matters of state the scholars function as both jurists and theologians currently no government conforms to islamic economic jurisprudence but steps have been taken to implement some of its tenets history muhammad 610-632 muslim tradition views muhammad c 570 june 8 632 as the seal of the prophets during the last 22 years of his life beginning at age 40 in 610 ce according to the earliest surviving biographies muhammad reported revelations that he believed to be from god conveyed to him through the archangel gabriel gibral muhammad's companions memorized and recorded the content of these revelations known as the quran during this time muhammad and mecca preached to the people imploring them to abandon polytheism and to worship one god although some converted to islam the leading meccan authorities persecuted muhammad and his followers this resulted in the migration to abyssinia of some muslims to the oximite empire many early converts to islam were the poor foreigners and former slaves like bilal ibn rabba al-habashi who was black the meccan elite felt that muhammad was destabilizing their social order by preaching about one god and about racial equality and that in the process he gave ideas to the poor and to their slaves after 12 years of the persecution of muslims by the meccans and the meccan boycott of the hashemites muhammad's relatives muhammad and the muslims performed the hijrah emigration to the city of madinah formerly known as yathrib in 622 there with the medinan converts ansar and the meccan migrants muhahirun muhammad in medina established his political and religious authority the constitution of medina was formulated instituting a number of rights and responsibilities for the muslim jewish christian and pagan communities of medina bringing them within the fold of one community the uma the constitution established the security of the community religious freedoms the role of medina as a sacred place barring all violence and weapons the security of women stable tribal relations within medina a tax system for supporting the community in time of conflict parameters for exogenous political alliances a system for granting protection of individuals a judicial system for resolving disputes where non-muslims could also use their own laws and have their own judges all the tribes signed the agreement to defend medina from all external threats and to live in harmony amongst themselves within a few years two battles took place against the meccan forces first the battle of badr in 624 a muslim victory and then a year later when the meccans returned to medina the battle of uhud which ended inconclusively the arab tribes in the rest of arabia then formed a confederation and during the battle of the trench march to april 627 besieged medina intent on finishing off islam in 628 the treaty of hudabia was signed between mecca and the muslims and was broken by mecca two years later after the signing of the treaty of hudabia many more people converted to islam at the same time meccan trade routes were cut off as muhammad brought surrounding desert tribes under his control by 629 muhammad was victorious in the nearly bloodless conquest of mecca and by the time of his death in 632 at the age of 62 he had united the tribes of arabia into a single religious polity the earliest three generations of muslims are known as the salah with the companions of muhammad being known as the sahaba many of them such as the largest narrator of hadith abu herrera recorded and compiled what would constitute the sunnah caliphate and civil strife 632-750 with muhammad's death in 632 disagreement broke out over who would succeed him as leader of the muslim community abu bakr a companion and close friend of muhammad was made the first caliph under abu bakr muslims put down a rebellion by arab tribes in an episode known as the rita wars or wars of apostasy the quran was compiled into a single volume at this time abu bakr's death in 634 resulted in the succession of umar ibn al-khattab as the caliph followed by uthman ibn al-afan ali ibn abi talib and hassan ibn ali the first four caliphs are known in sunni islam as al-khulafa r rasheedan rightly guided caliphs under them the territory under muslim rule expanded deeply into the parts of the persian and byzantine territories when umar was assassinated by persians in 644 the election of uthman as successor was met with increasing opposition the standard copies of the qur'an were also distributed throughout the islamic state in 656 uthman was also killed and ali assumed the position of caliph this led to the first civil war the first fitna over who should be caliph ali was assassinated by karagits in 661. to avoid further fighting the new caliph hassan ibn ali signed a peace treaty abdicating to muawiyah beginning the umayyad dynasty in return that he not name his own successor these disputes over religious and political leadership would give rise to schism in the muslim community the majority accepted the legitimacy of the first four leaders and became known as sunnis a minority disagreed and believed that only ali and some of his descendants should rule they became known as the shia muawiyah appointed his son yazid the first as successor and after muawiyah's death in 680. the second fitna broke out where hussain ibn ali was killed at the battle of karbala a significant event in shia islam the umayyad dynasty conquered the maghreb the iberian peninsula narbonis gaul and sin local populations of jews and indigenous christians persecuted as religious minorities and taxed heavily to finance the byzantine sassanid wars often aided muslims to take over their lands from the byzantines and persians resulting in exceptionally speedy conquests the generation after the death of muhammad but contemporaries of his companions are known as the tabun followed by the tabi al-tabian the caliph umar ibn abid al-aziz set up the influential committee the seven fukaha of medina headed by qasim ibn muhammad ibn abu bakr malik ibn anas wrote one of the earliest books on islamic jurisprudence the mawada as a consensus of the opinion of those jurists the descendants of muhammad's uncle abbas ibn abid al-muttalab rallied discontended non-arab converts mawali poor arabs and some shia against the umayyads and overthrew them inaugurating the abbasid dynasty in 750 classical era 750-1258 during this time the delhi sultanate took over northern parts of the indian subcontinent religious missions converted valga bulgaria to islam many muslims also went to china to trade virtually dominating the import and export industry of the song dynasty al-shafi'i codified a method to determine the reliability of hadith during the early abbasid era the major sunni hadith collections were compiled by scholars such as bukhari and muslim while major shia hadith collections by scholars such as al-kulini and ibn babawi were also compiled the jaffari jurisprudence was formed from the teachings of jaffar al-sadiq while the four sunni madhhabs the hanafi hanbali maliki and shafi were established around the teachings of abu hanifa ahmad bin hanbal malik ibn annas and al-shafi respectively in the 9th century al-shafi provided a theoretical basis for islamic law by codifying the principles of jurisprudence in his book r the 9th century al-tabari completed the first commentary of the quran that became one of the most cited commentaries in sunni islam the tasser al-tabari philosophers al-farabi and avasena sought to incorporate greek principles into islamic theology while others like al-ghazali argued against them and ultimately prevailed caliphs such as mamman al-rasheed and al-muttazam made the metazolite philosophy an official creed and imposed it upon muslims to follow mutasila was a greek-influenced school of speculative theology called kalam which refers to dialectic many orthodox muslims rejected metazolite doctrines and condemned their idea of the creation of the quran in inquisitions imam hanbal refused to conform and was tortured and sent to an unlit baghdad prison cell for nearly 30 months the other branch of kalam was the ashari school founded by al-ashari this era is sometimes called the islamic golden age public hospitals established during this time called bameristan hospitals are considered the first hospitals in the modern sense of the word and issued the first medical diplomas to license doctors the guinness world records recognizes the university of al-qarawin founded in 859 as the world's oldest degree granting university the doctorate is argued to date back to the licenses to teach in islamic law schools standards of experimental and quantification techniques as well as the tradition of citation were introduced an important pioneer in this ibben al haitham is regarded as the father of the modern scientific method and often referred to as the world's first true scientist the government paid scientists the equivalent salary of professional athletes today it is argued that the data used by copernicus for his heliocentric conclusions was gathered and that al-jahis proposed a theory of natural selection ibn cena pioneered the science of experimental medicine and was the first physician to conduct clinical trials his two most notable works the book of healing and the canon of medicine were used as standard medicinal texts in the islamic world and later in europe amongst his contributions are the discovery of the contagious nature of infectious diseases and the introduction of clinical pharmacology in mathematics the mathematician mohammed ibn musa al-khwarizmi gave his name to the concept of the algorithm while the term algebra is derived from al-jabb rumi wrote some of the finest persian poetry and is still one of the best-selling poets in america legal institutions introduced include the trust and charitable trust waqf some muslims began to question the piety of indulgence in a worldly life and emphasized poverty humility and avoidance of sin based on renunciation of bodily desires ascetics such as hassan al-basri would inspire a movement that would evolve into tisawaf sufism beginning in the 13th century sufism underwent a transformation largely because of efforts to legitimize and reorganize the movement by all gazali who developed the model of the sufi order a community of spiritual teachers and students the first muslims states independent of a unified islamic state emerged from the berber revolt 739 740-743 in 930 the ismaili group known as the karmatians unsuccessfully rebelled against the abbasids sacked mecca and stole the black stone which was eventually retrieved the mongol empire put an end to the abbasid dynasty in 1258 pre-modern era 1258-18 th century two turkish tribes the karahanids and the seljuks converted to islam during the 10th century who are later subdued by the ottomans who share the same origin and language it is important to note that the following islamic reign by the ottomans was strongly influenced by a symbiosis between ottoman rulers and sufism since the beginning according to ottoman historiography the legitimation of a ruler is attributed to sheikh edebali accordingly he interpreted a dream of osman ghazi as god's legitimation of his reign the mevlevi order and the bektashi order had close relation to the sultans islam spread with muslim trade networks and sufi orders activity that extended into sub-saharan africa central asia and the malay archipelago under the ottoman empire islam spread to southeast europe throughout this expanse islam blended with local cultures everywhere as illustrated when the prophet muhammad showed up in hindu epics and folklore conversion to islam however was not a sudden abandonment of old religious practices rather it was typically a matter of assimilating islamic rituals cosmologies and literatures into local religious systems the muslims in china who were descended from earlier immigration began to assimilate by adopting chinese names and culture while nanjing became an important center of islamic study the turks incorporated elements of turkish shamanism into their new religion and became part of a new islamic interpretation one major change was the status of woman unlike arabic traditions the turkic traditions were built on a matriarchal society turks preserved this status of woman even after conversion to islam further the turks must have found striking similarities between the sufi rituals and shaman practices however the influence of turkish belief was not limited to sufism but also to muslims who subscribed an orthodox version of islam in anatolia central asia and balkans as a result many formerly shaman traditions were considered as genuine islamic by average muslims many shamanistic beliefs such as the belief in sacred nature spirits trees and animals even remained today iban tamiya 1263-1328 worried about the integrity of islam and tried to establish a theological doctrine to purify islam from its alleged alterings unlike his contemporary scholarship who relied on traditions and historical narratives from early islam ibn tamiya's methodology was a mixture of selective use of hadith and a literal understanding of the quran he rejected most philosophical approaches of islam and proposed a clear simple and dogmatic theology instead another major characteristic of his theological approach emphasizes the significance of a theocratic state while the prevailing opinion holded that religious wisdom was necessary for a state ibentamiya regarded political power as necessary for religious excellence he further rejected many hadiths circulating among muslims during his time and relied only on sahih bukhari and sahih muslim repeatedly to foil asharit doctrine feeling threatened by the crusaders as well as by the mongols ibn tamiya stated it would be obligated to muslims to join a physical jihad against unbelievers this not only including the invaders but also the heretics among the muslims including shias ashurites and philosophers who were blamed by ibn taimiya for the deterioration of islam nevertheless his writings only played a marginal role during his lifetime he was repeatedly accused of blasphemy by anthropomorphizing god and his disciple ibn cather distanced himself from his mentor and negated the anthropomorphizations but simultaneously adhered to anti-rationalistic and hadith-oriented methodology of his former mentor this probably influenced his exegesis on his tafsir which discounted much of the exegetical tradition since then however the writings of ibn taimaya became important sources for wahhabism and 21 th century salafi theology just like tafsir ibn kathar became highly rewarded in modern salafism modern era 18th 20th the muslim world was generally in political decline starting the 1800s especially relative to the non-muslim european powers this decline was evident culturally while taki al-din founded an observatory in istanbul and the jai singh observatory was built in the 18th century there was not a single muslim-majority country with a major observatory by the 20th century the reconquista launched against muslim principalities in iberia succeeded in 1492. by the 19th century the british empire had formally ended the mughal dynasty in india in the 19th century the deobandi and beryl we movements were initiated during the 18th century muhammad ibn abid al-wahhab founded a military movement opposing the ottoman sultanate as an illegitimate rule advising his fellows to return to the principles of islam based on the theology of ahmad ibn hanbal he was deeply influenced by the works of ibn tamiya and ibn al-qayyim and condemned many traditional islamic practices such as visiting the grave of muhammad or saints as sin during the 18th century he formed an alliance with the saud family who founded the wahhabi sect this revival movement allegedly seeks to uphold monotheism and purify islam of what they see as later innovations their zeal against idolatrous shrines led to the desecration of shrines around the world including that of muhammad and his companions in mecca and medina many arab nationalists such as rasheed raida regarded the caliphate as an arabic rite taken away by the turks therefore they rebelled against the ottoman sultanate until the ottoman empire disintegrated after world war 1 and the caliphate was abolished in 1924. concurrently ibn saud conquered mecca the heartland of islam to impose wahhabism as part of islamic culture the majority and oldest group among shia at that time the zadies named after the great grandson of ali the scholar zade ibn ali used the hanafi jurisprudence as did most sunnis the shia safavid dynasty rose to power in 1501 and later conquered all of iran the ensuing mandatory conversion of iran to twelver shia islam for the largely sunni population also ensured the final dominance of the twelver sect within shiism over the zaydian ismaili sects nader shah who overthrew the safavids attempted to improve relations with sunnis by propagating the integration of shiism by calling it the jaffari madhhab al-sunat movement or more popularly known as beryl we movement emphasize the primacy of islamic law over adherence to sufi practices and personal devotion to the prophet muhammad it grew from the writings of muhaddith and jurist imam ahmed raza khan khadri alama fazal haqqarabadi shah ahmad naurani and muhammad abdul gafor hazarvi in the backdrop of an intellectual and moral decline of muslims in british india the movement was a mass movement defending popular sufism and reforming its practices grew in response to the radical deobandi movement in south asia and the wahhabi movement elsewhere the movement opposed a matia movement and is famous for the celebration of maod today the movement is spread across the globe with followers in pakistan india bangladesh turkey afghanistan iraq sri lanka south africa united states and uk among other countries the movement now has over 200 million followers postmodern times 20th century present contact with industrialized nations brought muslim populations to new areas through economic migration many muslims migrated as indentured servants from mostly india and indonesia to the caribbean forming the largest muslim populations by percentage in the americas the resulting urbanization and increase in trade in sub-saharan africa brought muslims to settle in new areas and spread their faith likely doubling its muslim population between 1869 and 1914. muslim immigrants began arriving many as guest workers and largely from former colonies in several western european nations since the 1960s there are more and more new muslim intellectuals who increasingly separate perennial islamic beliefs from archaic cultural traditions liberal islam is a movement that attempts to reconcile religious tradition with modern norms of secular governance and human rights its supporters say that there are multiple ways to read islam's sacred texts and they stress the need to leave room for independent thought on religious matters women's issues receive significant weight in the modern discourse on islam secular powers such as the chinese red guards closed many mosques and destroyed qurans and communist albania became the first country to ban the practice of every religion about half a million muslims were killed in cambodia by communists who it is argued viewed them as their primary enemy and wished to exterminate them since they stood out and worship their own god in turkey the military carried out coups to oust islamist governments and headscarves were banned in official buildings as also happened in tunisia jamal al-din al-afghani along with his acolyte muhammad abdu have been credited as foreigners of the islamic revival abul allah madhuti helped influence modern political islam islamist groups such as the muslim brotherhood advocate islam as a comprehensive political solution often in spite of being banned in iran revolution replaced a secular regime with an islamic state in turkey the islamist ak party has democratically been in power for about a decade while islamist parties did well in elections following the arab spring the organization of islamic cooperation oic consisting of muslim-majority countries was established in 1969 after the burning of the al-aqsa mosque in jerusalem piety appears to be deepening worldwide in many places the prevalence of the hijab is growing increasingly common and the percentage of muslims favoring sharia laws has increased with religious guidance increasingly available electronically muslims are able to access views that are strict enough for them rather than rely on state clerics who are often seen as stooges it is estimated that by 2050 the number of muslims will nearly equal the number of christians around the world driven primarily by differences in fertility rates and the size of youth populations among the world's major religions as well as by people switching faiths perhaps as a sign of these changes most experts agree that islam is growing faster than any other faith in east and west africa denominations sunni the largest denomination in islam is sunni islam which makes up 75 to 90 of all muslims and is arguably the world's largest religious denomination sunni muslims also go by the name all as sunnah which means people of the tradition of muhammad sunnis believe that the first four caliphs were the rightful successors to muhammad since god did not specify any particular leaders to succeed him and those leaders were elected sunnis believe that anyone who is righteous and just could be a caliph but they have to act according to the quran and the hadith the example of muhammad and give the people their rights the sunnis follow the quran and the hadith which are recorded in sunni traditions known as al-kudab al-sitta six major books for legal matters derived from the quran or the hadith many follow four sunni madhhabs schools of thought hanafi hanbali maliki and shafi all four accept the validity of the others and a muslim may choose anyone that he or she finds agreeable all al-hadath is a movement that de-emphasized sources of jurisprudence outside the quran and hadith such as informed opinion rahi the salafi movement claimed to take the first three generations of muslims known as the salaf as exemplary models in the 18th century muhammad ibn abid al-wahhab led a salafi movement referred by outsiders as wahhabism in modern-day saudi arabia the deobandi movement is a reformist movement originating in south asia influenced by the wahhabi movement shia the shia constitutes 10 to 20 of islam and are its second largest branch while the sunnis believe that a caliph should be elected by the community she is believed that muhammad appointed his son-in-law ali ibn abi talib as his successor and only certain descendants of ali could be imams as a result they believed that ali ibn abi talib was the first imam leader rejecting the legitimacy of the previous muslim caliphs abu bakr uthman ibn al-afan and umar ibn al-qatab other points of contention include certain practices viewed as innovating the religion such as the morning practice of tatber and the cursing of figures revered by sunnis however jafar al-sadiq himself disapproved of people who disapproved of his great-grandfather abu bakr and zade ibn ali revered abu bakr and umar more recently ali khamenei and grand ayatollah ali al-sastani condemned the practice shia islam has several branches the most prominent being the twelvers the largest branch zadies and ismailis different branches accept different descendants of ali as imams after the death of imam jafar al-sadiq who is considered the sixth imam by the twelvers and the ismailis the ismailis recognized his son ismail ibn jafar as his successor whereas the twelver shia's ithna ashery followed his other son muza al-qadeem as the seventh imam the zaidis consider zaid ibn ali the uncle of imam jafar al-sadiq as their fifth imam and follow a different line of succession after him other smaller groups include the borah as well as the alawites and a levy some shia branches label other shia branches that do not agree with their doctrine as gulat topic sufism sufism or tasawaf arabic swept is a mystical ascetic approach to islam that seeks to find a direct personal experience of god it is not a sect of islam and its adherence belong to the various muslim denominations classical sufi scholars have focused on the reparation of the heart and turning it away from all else but god by making use of intuitive and emotional faculties that one must be trained to use hassan al-basri was inspired by the ideas of piety and condemnation of worldliness preached by muhammad and these ideas were later developed by the influential theologian al-ghazali traditional sufis such as baazid bastami jalaluddin rumi bechtashveli junaid baghdadi and al-ghazali argued for sufism being based upon the tenets of islam and the teachings of the prophet sufi practices such as veneration of saints have faced stiff opposition from followers of salafism and wahhabism who have sometimes physically attacked sufi places of worship leading to deterioration in sufi salafi relations the bharavi movement is a sufi influenced revivalist movement within sunni islam with over 200 million followers largely in south asia sufism enjoyed a strong revival in central asia and south asia central asia is considered to be a center of sufism sufism has played a significant role in fighting against zars of russia and soviet colonization here sufis and their different orders are the main religious sources sufism is also strong in african countries such as tunisia algeria morocco senegal chad and niger other denominations ahmadiyya is an islamic reform movement with sunni roots founded by mirza ghalam ahmad that began in india in 1889 and is practiced by 10 to 20 million muslims around the world ahmad claimed to have fulfilled the prophecies concerning the arrival of the imam mahdi and the promised messiah the abadi is a sect that dates back to the early days of islam and is a branch of karajate and is practiced by 1.45 million muslims around the world unlike most karajatai groups ibidism does not regard sinful muslims as unbelievers madavia is an islamic sect that believes in a 15th century mahdi muhammad janpuri the quranists are muslims who generally reject the hadith non-denominational muslims non-denominational muslims is an umbrella term that has been used for and by muslims who do not belong to or do not self-identify with a specific islamic denomination prominent figures who refuse to identify with a particular islamic denomination have included jamal ad din al-afghani muhammad iqbal and muhammad ali jinnah recent surveys report that large proportions of muslims in some parts of the world self identify as just muslim although there is little published analysis available regarding the motivations underlying this response the pew research center reports that respondents self-identifying as just muslim make up a majority of muslims in seven countries and a plurality in three others with the highest proportion in kazakhstan at 74 at least one in five muslims in at least 22 countries self identify in this way derived religions some movements such as the dhrus berguata and hamim either emerged from islam or came to share certain beliefs with islam and whether each is separate a religion or a sect of islam is sometimes controversial yazdanism is seen as a blend of local kurdish beliefs and islamic sufi doctrine introduced to kurdistan by sheikh adi ibn musafir in the 12th century babism stems from twelver shia past through syed ali muhammad ai shirazi al-bab while one of his followers mirza hussain ali nuri bahawala founded the baha'i faith sikhism founded by guru nanak in late 15th century punjab incorporates aspects of both islam and hinduism african-american muslim movements include the nation of islam 5 percent nation and moorish scientists topic demographics a comprehensive 2015 demographic study of 232 countries and territories reported that 24.1 of the global population or 1.8 billion people are muslims of those it is estimated that over 75 to 90 percent or sunni and 10 to 20 percent are shia with a small minority belonging to other sects approximately 57 countries are muslim majority and arabs account for around 20 of all muslims worldwide the number of muslims worldwide increased from 200 million in 1900 to 551 million in 1970 and tripled to 1.8 billion by 2015. the majority of muslims live in asia and africa approximately 62 of the world's muslims live in asia with over 683 million adherents in indonesia pakistan india and bangladesh in the middle east non-arab countries such as turkey and iran are the largest muslim-majority countries in africa egypt and nigeria have the most populous muslim communities most estimates indicate that the china has approximately 20 to 30 million muslims 1.5 percent to 2 percent of the population however data provided by the san diego state university's international population center to u.s news and world report suggests that china has 65.3 million muslims islam is the second largest religion after christianity in many european countries and is slowly catching up to that status in the americas with between 2 454 000 according to pew forum and approximately 7 million muslims according to the council on american islamic relations care in the united states according to the pew research center islam is set to equal christianity worldwide in number of adherents by the year 2050. islam is set to grow faster than any other major world religion reaching a total number of 2.76 billion an increase of 73 causes of this trend involve high fertility rates as a factor with muslims having a rate of 3.1 compared to the world average of 2.5 and the minimum replacement level for a population at 2.1 another factor is also due to fact that islam has the highest number of adherents under the age of 15 34 of the total religion of any major religion compared with christianity's 27 percent 60 of muslims are between the ages of 16 and 59 while only 7 percent are aged 60 plus the smallest percentage of any major religion countries such as nigeria and the republic of macedonia are expected to have muslim majorities by 2050. in india the muslim population will be larger than any other country europe's non-muslim population is set to decline as opposed to their muslim population which is set to grow to 10 of europe's total growth rates of islam in europe was due primarily to immigration and higher birth rates of muslims in 2005. topic culture the term islamic culture could be used to mean aspects of culture that pertain to the religion such as festivals and dress code it is also controversially used to denote the cultural aspects of traditionally muslim people finally islamic civilization may also refer to the aspects of the synthesized culture of the early caliphates including that of non-muslims sometimes referred to as islamicate architecture perhaps the most important expression of islamic architecture is that of the mosque varying cultures have an effect on mosque architecture for example north african and spanish islamic architecture such as the great mosque of cairowan contain marble and porphyry columns from roman and byzantine buildings while mosques in indonesia often have multi-tiered roofs from local javanese styles art islamic art encompasses the visual arts produced from the 7th century onwards by people not necessarily muslim who lived within the territory that was inhabited by muslim populations it includes fields as varied as architecture calligraphy painting and ceramics among others while not condemned in the quran making images of human beings and animals is frowned on in many islamic cultures and connected with laws against idolatry common to all abrahamic religions as abdallah ibn masood reported that muhammad said those who will be most severely punished by allah on the day of resurrection will be the image makers reported by al bukhari see al-fath 10 380 seconds however this rule has been interpreted in different ways by different scholars and in different historical periods and there are examples of paintings of both animals and humans in mughal persian and turkish art the existence of this aversion to creating images of animate beings has been used to explain the prevalence of calligraphy tessellation and pattern as key aspects of islamic artistic culture music poetry calendar the formal beginning of the muslim era was chosen reportedly by caliph umar to be the hijrah in 622 ce which was an important turning point in muhammad's fortunes it is a lunar calendar with days lasting from sunset to sunset islamic holy days fall on fixed dates of the lunar calendar which means that they occur in different seasons in different years in the gregorian calendar the most important islamic festivals are eid al-fitr arabic eid alter on the first of shawal marking the end of the fasting month ramadan and eid al-adha eat aladhi on the tenth of du al hicha coinciding with the end of the hajj pilgrimage criticism criticism of islam has existed since islam's formative stages early criticism came from christian authors many of whom viewed islam as a christian heresy or a form of idolatry and often explained it in apocalyptic terms later there appeared criticism from the muslim world itself and also from jewish writers and from ecclesiastical christians objects of criticism include the morality of the life of muhammad the last law bearing prophet of islam both in his public and personal life as seen in medieval christian views on muhammad issues relating to the authenticity and morality of the quran the islamic holy book are also discussed by critics other criticisms focus on the question of human rights in modern muslim-majority countries and the treatment of women in islamic law and practice in wake of the recent multiculturalism trend islam's influence on the ability of muslim immigrants in the west to assimilate has been criticized equals equal see also | wikipedia tts | UCmp1SkLvf1pYMPK7PE2mYXA | 2018-12-13 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 10,787 | 65,239 |
Te-AkWTbxGA | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Te-AkWTbxGA | How To Disable Notifications On Microsoft Edge Browser | [Music] hello good day welcome to about device this is an updated tutorial on how to disable notification on Microsoft edge browser so vividly you can remember if you could remember Microsoft was using a different engine for the Microsoft edge web browser but right now they've changed their engine to the chromium ng so with this going to put you through on how to disable annoying or pop-up notification or any push notification on Microsoft edge browser so first of all in order to disable this notification go to the top right hand corner where these three dotted lines up or you could press the Settings here click on this then go to word settings on clicking on settings now cliff every search for it so first of all sad for word notifications it's easier that way so first of all scan and search for notifications so with that the site will show so this notification expand it and expand in it you see DS so first of all in order to disable notification or block all notification only after do is words click this and it will off now you could also add notification from some sites by yourself that default link and if you have added some notifications they will show here from any of the site you've added notification from from this menu you could remove any site from it so up with this you've leant out to disable notification on the Microsoft edge browser thanks for watching this tutorial please like share comments on any issue or any clarification or question also subscribe to above device thank you [Music] | About Device | UCu2C77PmUw3HHVnuNj2mwow | 2020-05-13 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 274 | 1,523 |
GYo5LxQOfds | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GYo5LxQOfds | Worse Than A 360 Record Deal , Exposing Features Scam, Threads vs. X | NLN #83 | boy do we have some topics today we have social media being worse than a record deal don't pay just any artist for a feature and expect that actually to turn out well we also got to talk about Twitter versus threads and the war going on there's also a sneaky entrant that might be taking over the game soon we'll let y'all be the judge and some other cool topics to get right to y'all with but first what's up everybody I'm Sean and I'm Corey and we are back with another episode of No Labels necessary podcast this episode is actually not supposed to be an episode but we end up making a clip that was too long so now it will be an episode of course catch us every Tuesday and Thursday on YouTube Spotify Apple wherever you stream your podcast here at the intersection of creativity and currency I'm not gonna do the rest of it because you just about to go right into this clip that we just recorded and it went too long but it's a great episode I promise you let's start off with this statement being on social media is worse than signing a bad record deal run that clip look at the music industry as these artists they sign their rights away they gave away their masters or these different Executives they took advantage of these artists and I would never do that if I was in a position and I would always control my master you signed your Masters away for free if you're on social media you agreed to let them use your content repurpose your content however they feel free you agreed to promote their platform you're actually making content for them which they're selling ads against and you're not getting paid anything and you've never questioned at one time so anything that's free you're the product that's like an artist going into the studio for 10 hours a day and making an album every single week and never receiving one royalty because that's what we're doing you think you're just making a post you're making content that they're selling ads against if there's no platform and nobody's making content then there's no Revenue model for them to make money from never thought about it like that you're literally working for them and you've never gotten paid for it you don't own your content you gave the rights away as soon as you signed up for it and you want to complain about Diddy yeah I got 360 deals for free and you okay with that I've never heard one person complain think about it they tricked you to think that this is all fun and games or you call you a content creator or influencer or just a regular person you got 300 followers 500 followers it doesn't matter you're still making content you are the product they are the business you're working for them for free you don't have any control of what they do you can't control who you reach you don't control your content and you're not getting paid now there is a truth in the fact that if the product is free you are the product right we've seen that time and time again that is the model of the internet user generated content is where we hit scale but I disagree with a whole lot of this [ __ ] right yeah just because of the sensitive topic of actually being in the industry uh seeing what artists deals look like and the choice you have to wake up and create social media and and be on there right yeah so yes I think it rings true that for sure yes they use your content yes they have rights to continue to use your content you're helping build their Platform One 100 right but one they're building it on the aggregate of everybody popping out and and being active on the platform they're not building it on the individual head of the artist and I go on a tour and now I just individually sold these tickets and then you're taking my [ __ ] right yeah like that's one thing but let's like look at what really deals really look like when we talk about artists one you're in the deal and it's contractually obligated for you to be able to like for you not to be able to leave that deal until you have a certain amount of metrics you you hit right yeah you also are getting a loan there's no loan occurring on social media right that you didn't have to pay back to get your ma your your uh your music to be owned by you again or [ __ ] you might have given away your ownership on top of the fact that you took a loan against it right on social media dog yes they might be able to use your your content but you still own the content like there is more licensing than than anything right now that might not be the technical term when you get into the real legal you know uh aspect of things but you still have the ability to take your content on different platforms you have the ability to stop posting you have the ability to like literally delete your content and not be seen on those platforms for the most part generally speaking on top of that the opportunities they blew up on social media Rashad who's speaking we have blown up and built a massive um like based on social media so the opportunity to me is is so different you can't say that it's worse now if you said like there's some resemblance you know that's not as viral as a statement you know what I mean or you say shoot there are some aspects of it and origin sucks like bro they kind of screwing you over and just leave the record deal out of it and I'm all with that but once you compare it to a record deal and how bad these record deals really are and how you actually lock down and they taking your life and your product nah bro it's different yeah I agree because I I think it's the person I thought about like the the long-term ownership aspect because you know I've taken my tick tocks and posted them on Instagram we've used them on the YouTube channel and I as far as I'm concerned as far as I know I haven't received any letters in the mail telling me to stop versus if I was an artist and I recorded a song with Atlantic and I try to take that [ __ ] to Columbia it is not going down like that you know not without some type of very intense legal battle yep um and then I think to the point about not being paid for the content I don't know I think that's it's it's really similar to the streaming model in the sense like I give him that right like hey if you a creator with 500 followers you're not getting paid as much as the credit with 500 000 followers just like you're an artist with a thousand months listeners you're not getting paid as much as the artist with 10 million monthly listings or not at all on social media there's a lot of people who aren't getting paid at all on social media yeah exactly yeah and you know which I get man you know what I'm saying it's a battle of attention like we we gonna pay who gains us the most attention which like I said that's the only real similarity I kind of see between that of music is like I'm saying like but that goes back to the Creator and then the artist themselves right because every artist isn't going to get 10 million months listeners just like every content credit is going to get a million followers I'm saying it's just the reality of the nation you know what you're dealing with now I will give them this I think both Industries are similar in the fact that they are both pushing for the creditors to monetize Their audience and not really look at the platform to pay them right Instagram is like hey bro get these [ __ ] to give you these badges right set up these subscriptions you know what I'm saying get your fans to pay you same way labels are like yo bro go go build community man go sell some experiences go go put XYZ together Merchant stuff that you can sell to them those those two similarities I see beyond that when you talk about the ownership of things the licensing to your point how long your contractually obligated to these people that is what makes it better different and then check this out he threw out the term 360 saying we complaining about Diddy but then we already signed in 360s for free that is not the same yeah if I am an artist and I'm in a 360 deal I'm dropping music on the streaming platform got it that's my money and then I dropped some merch got it that's my money I do a tour got it that's my money the label is taking a piece of all of that but if I'm on Instagram and then I go drop some content on Tick Tock or YouTube and I get make some YouTube ad Revenue Instagram's not taking that money if I go drop some merch on Shopify Instagram is not taking that money if I go do a live show the show that we're doing on August 12th coming soon you know I'm saying make sure that y'all check out this show we're gonna give you all free game artist Marketing in person media Corey Jr McKee who has a Grammy literally just helped the artist get over 300 million streams recently but I digress they don't get none of that money or the show we're about to do you know what I'm saying yeah no labels necessary.com by the way y'all check that out it's not only 60 people that can be there like so it's a vastly different uh agreement and I think if you consider free marketing costs and the level of being able to build your business up for the cost of social media is nothing that's what's allowed so many businesses to be able to grow the way they have in a way that you couldn't do in the past I have distribution for free to get this attention in ways that I never could before yes they might be monetizing it now when you get into privacy and how people feel around that that's a different conversation right and what data you want to be seen or not but in terms of just a sheer opportunity when we're talking about economics because that's what he's really referring to more the economics of a record deal versus a um uh social media deal if you will the economics for the individual who's trying to actively use it as an entrepreneur especially a business person far outweigh the economics of a record deal yeah so that's the point that I I kind of was thinking about too like I'm wondering if Rashad was speaking on like the actual content creators that really do get deals because we know I mean like certain platforms with strike deals with certain credits once they reach a certain level but that's like one percent of the influencer the influences in their base if he's talking about them I get it if he's talking about just like the everyday content creator I'm saying like to your point the one is making videos to grow his business but you know he don't know he might pop in three months and get 500 000 followers out of nowhere it's not the same it's not even close to the same it's not it's not it's not but keep on posting and and bringing out those takes man I I appreciate their their content but that one nah can't let that one run man the 360 deal is is just crazy that's a whole nother thing than social media you know what I'm saying anyway I'll be wild for us to all be using social media and they wouldn't be using social media if it really was as bad as a 360 deal but let's get into this next topic because it's been way longer than we work on on uh on most topics TJ's DJ shout out to TJ if y'all know TJ he is Bob's manager track backwards manager he said if you pay an artist for a feature make sure you get clearance from the label so you can release it I see all kinds of artists pay for features that they can't ever release because it wasn't clear if they do release it it will be immediately removed from all dsps and radio stations with a simple cease and assist letter what is he saying yo if you get a feature from Chris Brown randomly but then his label has no idea about this it could easily be blocked by the label that's not anything official you need to make sure it's cleared so all these deals y'all think oh I got a feature I got a feature eh do you really or is it just a feature that you can show at the family reunion on your Walkman or something you know what I mean because once that thing's on the streaming platform that [ __ ] ain't going he's only gonna walk me I'm sorry bro I'm sorry I don't know where that came yeah [Laughter] but no you're right man and and artists have to stop letting bigger artists finesse them and to buying these features that they're not going to get clear because I've seen that right I do think there's a portion of artists that don't care they're willing to shoot the shot see if I can slide it through you know probably hoping that the song catches attention to the points where the label's like we'll let that rock you know I'm saying but the reality of it is but it's really the big RS for this and the smaller artists hey bro I thought you this this this this this this deal um you know I'm saying we're not gonna go through the label at all it's gonna be me and you and then [ __ ] gonna be cool and then you don't gave I want to say Chris Brown I want to ruin him like that but it's like you gave who whoever big who the [ __ ] whatever I'm saying 50 bands thinking you're getting the deal and then you know I'm saying you get cut out two months later by the label and they not give you the money back they did that part of the transaction right they they did what they were supposed to do you just didn't know the game and you you asked out or whatever you paid so yeah bro like this is what will happen and I first heard this from an artist that you know that I know he got a feature from an artist that pretty much all y'all would know and he was like 50 bands is the price of this feature if you want it but he was willing to give it all up it's a damn near his life savings 50 bands however if you pay this [ __ ] in cash I'll give it to you for 30 bands red flag hey man saving this 50k all my life it'd be nice to hold on to 20K that so I'm gonna pay for that who's not gonna go with that deal you still gonna get the exact same thing for less money I just gotta pay it cash instead of credit card or whatever now if you're not thinking about refunds and and like having to be to be able to like call the bank and say hey that's not official then whatever but like who's not going to take that deal so why are artists doing that why would a major artist do that one if I put this do this [ __ ] officially on my side well labor coming I got to pay the money the label I don't want the label to get any of this money and depending on the artist's deal out of that 50k I might only be keeping maybe 10K maybe 20K so why don't I just charge you 30k keep all that to myself just like the candy at the gas station I don't know if you know that a lot of people at the gas station like a lot of these gas stations are when they get paid cash candy is one of the main things that they would use for particularly back in the day when they get paid cash they don't report that and that's why the candy was like so profitable for them because they don't and they can keep that to the size like I just bought this off the damn near candy lady or you like you're not really tracking the inventory right yeah right it's a similar effect it's like that inventory can't be tracked nobody knows and then if something pops up and the labels are like yo where did this come from I don't know what happened I don't know where that came from you know these producers just be taking my my joints and leaking them out to everybody trying to do a flip I never said anything about that we don't have it on paper right no paperwork no system transactions none of that stuff all cash can't be tracked so like TJ said a if it's not cleared then shoot man [ __ ] didn't happen it never happened it never happened bro again say that for your for your homies to brag at the family reunion or the next Meetup next clip though we got to talk about this Twitter war this threads War because it's getting interesting and Gino the ghost he's I've seen a couple clips from his podcast man it seems to be pretty dope and he's having an interesting conversation about Twitter and Elon Musk you want to talk about threads so the game changer the Twitter killer Twitter's not going anywhere unless Elon literally kills it but I do think the reason threads has legs what other social media app have you got on and instantly had like thousands of followers not having the daunting nature of having to grow another following yeah will make the app feel like I'm not screaming into the void you're a producer I'm a director there's a bit of this that's nerdy so let's get very nervous let's get nerdy um there's a book called The 22 immutable laws of marketing one of like the main laws is the first one there owns the territory Coke is the first Cola you can never overtake a Coke but Coke can [ __ ] up like when Coke became New Coke Pepsi actually had that moment another one about knowing where you stand if you're number two play as number two positioning so Pepsi's whole thing was based on being number two and then they didn't know how to adjust so they actually let Coke re get back to being Coke when they say oh no [ __ ] New Coke we're back to being Coke and everybody said okay we'll just pretend that didn't happen the question is was Twitter's move over to Elon uh the mainstream saying you're now a right-wing platform enough of a [ __ ] up or enough of a shift that people will go to threads all right so there's a couple things in that video first of all that whole positioning he references to uh to 20 immutable laws of marketing really great book y'all check that out the number two strategy is a very real thing see in racing or being like through in school number two is a loss but in real life in business number two is a great position a lot of times because a lot of marketplaces at least need one alternative so he said Pepsi and Coke you got Uber and Lyft you could be a billion dollar number two business and ride that out like most businesses have a number two all right um Google and then you look at what it was Internet Explorer and Yahoo like there's always going to be those Bing all right there's always going to be the loiterers who can just stand by and catch the drifts and end up getting some money by the way I realized like a week ago why catch your my drift is catch my drift like drifting and racing yeah I never put that together so the thing I disagree with though or is a lot of people feel like elon's [ __ ] Twitter up but then if you look at what he said he wanted to do from the very beginning he actually didn't want to make Twitter better he wanted to create this whole x.com super app idea so he said the Twitter killer only Elon Musk and killed Twitter I I believe the same thing right I don't I think a lot of the pushback and um the conflict that people are having with Twitter and saying it's not like that anymore and is the fact that he really doesn't want it to be like that yeah he had he said he has this idea of an app right this super app and he said it would take like maybe nine years to bring it to fruition if he built it from Ground Zero but if he bought Twitter he think he can accomplish it in like four or five or some [ __ ] like that that was what um what I remember him saying from the very beginning so we should expect more of Twitter not being around or like downsizing and then maybe that's why like Mark wasn't just looking like let's take advantage of this moment like Pepsi took advantage of the new Coke moment which was a wild thing for new couple to do like trying to fix something that wasn't broke I think he might also understand no this is something worth deep um deep diving in because not only is there a weak moment and a need because people are looking to to go to an alternative I don't want to be on this right ring person app or who I perceive to be white ring I want to so where's my alternative he also is like no there's actually about to be a real business void possibly depending on where Elon goes with this old super app [ __ ] and I do think they made a good point too about why threads are so popular right it's all just shiny object syndrome it's a new platform one of the most intimidating things about Twitter is Twitter is a very hard platform to grow on so if you ain't if you ain't been on Twitter since like 2008 nine and you you start today 2023 moving forward so it's a very hard game to jump into and that's intimidating for most people right we think about just even if we just narrow it down to all the Gen Z kids to just decide to try to become I'm saying Twitter influences like they got a 15 you know I'm saying year like uh they had like 15 year Gap I'm saying between the people that's been building for a minute what's the growth strategy how do I grow on Twitter exactly I mean Here Comes threads and to that point it's easy to get followers you can just invite your your Instagram following over so if you already have a decent to Big following on Instagram and you had a couple thousand followers within minutes I'm saying like I know when I set my threads up I was at a couple hundred within like 10 minutes and just inviting all my people to follow me so it appeals to that that dopamine receptor part of your brain that likes quick hits and quick growth and I think Instagram knows that and there's a large part of the reason why they put it into it but now once we get past that you know what I'm saying then what can we say it really offers that Twitter doesn't offer um and I'm thinking about this from a couple different things I remember seeing some report that said like threads user base dropped by like 80 90 or something after like the first week or two right so we all was on it from shiny object syndrome and we always kind of like it's really just Twitter and then you know people that liked Twitter went back to people that never cared for it stopped using it anyway because I'm one of those I didn't care for Twitter so I'm not enticed by a new Twitter you know what I'm saying and then on top of that it was just like a month ago or four or five months ago when everybody was like oh Instagram needs to go back to photos and videos and so now y'all want me to believe y'all are hype about this text feature when you know half a year ago y'all were saying that Instagram needs to abandon everything that's not photo so even the user base opinion on it isn't all the way stabilizer they don't know what the [ __ ] they want from Instagram and so that's enough for me to say like nah Twitter ain't going anywhere like I said unless Elon kills it off it's the only way he's the only one that can put the bullet to to the head and take it out it was like I mean it's a blue a full-blown culture I don't know about that right because there's already a different culture on Instagram so you're just pulling a feature of Twitter but you can't copy Twitter's culture exactly just like you can't copy tick tock's culture and I don't think they want to man Twitter coaches toxic you know you can't that took years to build you know what I'm saying yeah yeah they've invested a long time and then that but I think the utility still is going to last in it unlike igtv because at the very least you have all these people who are using Twitter reposting from Twitter onto Instagram the screenshots so any business person especially or one of those people who do quotes and things like that they're probably going to use threads just because it's easier yeah right right there right so why do I not continue to do that hype culture I don't know but business utility and actually beneficial for the platform I think it's a great add-on killing Twitter last thing I'll say on that is wasn't it there's Zach this morning they just mention the fact that they're getting rid of like the Twitter logo and all that stuff yeah they're changing into X yeah so they're changing into the X so x.com [ __ ] was a [ __ ] he wanted to do from the very beginning right so he's doing that it'll be cool to see uh like that transition in general just to watch like a real-time case study because there's a lot of brand equity in Twitter and a lot of people don't like that but companies die every day B you know what I'm saying it just is what it is we know it's not super been uh profitable they know it's been struggling so we might have an emotional attachment to it and think it's so hard to build this up but he's a billionaire he's not like doing it just for that he has a different a different vision and when it comes down to it like Twitter is no I'm gonna say I'ma say that but at the very least he does have the IP of Twitter and we'll see the cool [ __ ] that happens with Twitter like people might be wearing like Twitter like merch in about five years or whatever depending on what the company does with it next topic this is an interesting one it's about making money and then not solving your problems emotionally Jim Carrey once said I wish everybody reaches every single goal that they have so they can realize that none of that matters I made more money than I ever thought I would ever make in one year I thought that was the missing piece right because happily married I got kids and so I said wow I need to make millions of dollars right because if I make millions of dollars I don't know I just thought something would change it actually made me depressed like it made me feel bad like I I expected you know I was running a race you know and I'm looking back and I'm running and I'm like oh I see the I see the the the the red tape and I run through the red tape and I just think that there's gonna I don't know I don't know I thought it was going to be confetti I thought there was the crowd I thought it was going to be something um and there's more pressure being successful than kind of flying under the radar that's the fact what'd you think about that I don't know man it's always such a weird thing when rich people try to convince me that money doesn't mean a lot it's something like this is easy to say from where you at you know I'm saying like like I'm not no I'm not broke I'm not poor but you know I'm not rich I couldn't afford a 10 piece a couple times a week you know I'm saying like if I choose to and I feel like it's a good position to be in and I've seen the studies where what is it they say your level of happiness doesn't really rise once you hit I think like 150k a year or something like that it used to be 60k but with inflation it's probably yeah yeah so and I can I can see that you know I'm saying just kind of just thinking about certain things where it's like all right once your basic needs are met and then you can like afford the splurge on like little things like the average person doesn't want to go out and just buy like a bunch of Lamborghinis and the average person is cool with like I can eat out two or three times a week I can buy the PlayStations every time they drop and I can afford to like travel you know what I'm saying which isn't like that's not a crazy amount of money to be able to do that you know and I do think that 80 90 of people would be perfectly fine with that so I but I don't know man like I said it's always weird when rich people try to tell me that this [ __ ] don't matter it's like well give me something and that immediate response is no it's like all right that's all I need to know it's everything I need to see I mean to me like I think it's always simple right I want I only look for money to solve money problems yeah Finance sales Finance problems the emotional [ __ ] I can't expect it to solve that and even then you can afford therapy so it kind of can see the therapies ain't therapy ain't cheap man that that is true now the therapy solve problems or make you want to send in them it depends on the therapist that's a whole nother conversation you know I mean but there's some unpopular opinions uh uh therapy can get you a daycare so your kids can leave the house you're not therapy money can get you a daycare right okay fair it's a money problems but the kids an emotional problem the kids can be an emotional problem I agree the thing is the thing about that though is once you have all these problems solved financially now people only have themselves to blame like what is it so you've been telling yourself oh it's because I can't get these kids out my way because I don't have time for myself or because I can't afford this and once those things are sold for now you're like damn why am I still tripping then you realize you got all this trauma and you've been seeing things all weird and then you realize dang man like do I even like myself you know what I'm saying like how do I even solve not liking myself because I've been blaming the world instead of taking accountability for what I do I I remember I tell my kids like Oh Daddy I'm bored I'm like dang why are you so boring like if I'm never bored when I'm by myself I gave it like two minutes I'll say you still bored it's like oh no I'm not bored no no more like why what'd you start to do started to think about some kind of like imagine use her imagination she found a way not to be bored by herself like that see there it is right there find ways to like and entertain yourself without other devices material things so that's the way I look at it what's she looking like man Daddy can leave the house when he feels like it he'll be coming back home with food that's what happiness look like that that is the mentality you have when you're a kid yeah I thought happiness looked like when I could finally afford fruit gushers I can get all the cereal that I wanted to because my dad said no we can't afford cereal and I thought that just meant we were broke broke but apparently it just meant I ate too much cereal and I can't afford to hey keep paying for as much cereal as you want bro like but like that was what I saw money as bro like I was like I could get all these little like random random snacks and if you got like soap in a dispenser in your house oh bro you got money that's how I used to look at it yeah I feel that I do think one of the points because he kind of touched on the right way he was like you know sometimes it's happier I I don't know exactly what he said but like he mentioned being able to fly under the radar versus when you got money you kind of above the radar that's the last point that matters yeah you know which kind of touches on the old saying of momentum my problems right the more value you are bringing the more people want to work with you talk to you the more Just Energy is coming your way which can get stressful that I 100 agree with you know I'm saying the more money that you have the more money that you have to lose yeah that's true yeah you maintain a lifestyle the expectations so I get that yeah and it's like you know I don't know man like I said it's just always go back to it but it's so weird when people with money be trying to convince me that money ain't gonna ain't gonna fix it all right let's leave it like this let's not act like we don't have no experience you know I mean in the money category we all made one level of money before yeah and now we have a certain level of money now yeah we're not necessarily rich or anything like that but [ __ ] you know I remember when I was like my first paycheck was 200 you know what I'm saying and then they took like 50 out of that [ __ ] for taxes crazy you know what I'm saying and I was like wait what you learn that whole thing then I remember making like fifteen hundred dollars in a month between like two jobs at a time or something like that yeah or whatever and having to grind myself to that I'm trying to think like did that feel different than where I was when I was working at Pizza Hut it's interesting because then your responsibilities change your responsibilities change with it and that's the game I always feel like it's more about I look at it as trying to get ahead of of the life that you're about to live right because having 300K in the bank before you have kids it's different than having kids with 300K in the bank you know what I'm saying so I don't know like have your first job and how much well let's just think about how much money you're making four years ago let's go there right because we're going because I think the first job and the responsibility you had to get at that time you probably were happier in some ways or Freer in some ways my first job I was sleeping here at a barber shop making like I don't know like fifty dollars a week but you were free here no the god work was pretty strict oh yes I mean but outside of work though I'm talking about the city yeah you know teenager [ __ ] you know what I'm saying there's no real responsibility I think more like four years ago to now are you significantly happier because of the amount of money that you you were making Now versus them yeah definitely I can definitely say so because I'm trying to think what job did I have for you that's when I was working at the clothing store I think I was making maybe like 1800 a month or something like that easy all right and Atlanta was cheaper back then so I will give it that Atlanta was cheaper last time I had a real nine to five you know what I'm saying so that it costs to be life inflation you know what I'm saying and trying to keep up with that maybe has made me feel a certain way within that but yeah I could definitely I could definitely say so all right so I think the only way we can truly see on this experience then would be because like money did make you happier which is along the lines of this right but now the next point is getting over that curve they say yeah like once you get past this point it don't do much more for you yeah that's all I was gonna say too like I ain't I didn't have that significant of a challenge well I was like um I was making 1800 a month now I mean I got 400 Academy but yeah that ain't hit me yet I'm saying but maybe maybe but I think about future me and future me plans to make that much money and I see him smiling and laughing and running through fields and [ __ ] man so I don't know I don't know it just might be in between tears let's play this last clip from Jason Derulo or we're gonna get out of here let me see Jason Derulo has a side business value at two billion dollars apparently crazy let's listen to this Quick Clip how many sources of income do you have 13 what's the highest it's a very unsexy business but it is a monster it's called Rocket Car Wash and rocket car wash is basically changing the way that people get their cars washed it's an amazing facility you know you go in and you pay a membership and you can get your car washed at any time it's kind of like the Spotify model and how Spotify changed the music industry it's like Netflix and how Netflix changes the film industry people want things that are recurring that they can do anytime they want I think the point of the fact that he's making this much money doing a business outside of music is a great conversation and that's what all content creators should be trying to figure out like yo I'm creating content whether I'm getting it from YouTube advertising but how can I create a course or how can I invest my audience and start a makeup business or whatever or artists doing the same thing how do I find other forms of income that are more traditional business and more predictive because we already know the creative economy can go up and down your height the algorithms loving you and the next thing you know the algorithm breaks up for you and finds that new [ __ ] right but at the same time rocket car wash having a subscription and comparing it to like Spotify and being innovative like so that's just like and this is not unless a critique on the idea because I think that idea is beautiful everybody should do that I just want to make one quick comment on that one we already know places that do that like so it's interesting he's probably just not the spokesman for this yeah yeah I mean so just not has nothing to do with rocket car wash this is just an artist like he that might be how he got pitched on it you know what I'm saying like just we just got to tell them where they'll sell them and bring them in and now he's talking about us cool the congestion rule ain't washing his own cars yeah Jason ain't watching his own cars but what I do find will be Innovative which I don't know enough about them y'all let me know if rocket car wash does this or not when you really could do it like if it was like 24 7 and there were no humans involved like maybe it was just that one person like some some you know watching over the facility or something but if I could just slide in not really have to wait for the man to like tell me oh come on up stop like any of that stuff and I could do this at like 1am in the morning if I wanted to like 8 A.M in the morning if I wanted to like something like that now I think that'll be a little bit more interesting and as many times as I want to now we're getting something interesting most of the ones that I know that are on subscription have still I don't know about complete unlimited it's like a more amount of times but if y'all got rid of those workers you know maybe I might let me be able to come Unlimited oh man you're here for the AR uh the AI uh Car Wash worker not AI automation I mean I'm against AI don't let AI take over well first I do want to say playing the Jason Derulo two billion dollar business clip after the money it doesn't matter clip is sick so whoever put it together they're crazy but um yeah no I think like I said that's the bigger point right now I think a lot of artists would be surprised to learn how many artists don't make majority of their money in music because he's not the first to say that or show that you know we've seen even people as iconic as like a Snoop Dogg or a Dr Dre come on like bro look at all these other businesses I got the music is really just the marketing it keeps my brand active so these other lucrative opportunities continue to come my way and so whenever I hear artists you know especially newer artists asked a question like man when it when am I going to hit the point where I'm making a lot of money from my streaming my music it's like that may never happen I'm saying like you may never hit a point where your music is is making a large chunk of money but it doesn't mean that everything else about you will allow you to enter opportunities where you can still make a lot of money because of the music I'm saying so I think it's it's a narrative that needs to get out there more I think it's a narrative that would put a lot of artists in a happier place and make them move better and more strategically and even view their music different I'm saying like just view that music and music career different and I do wish more artists like Jason Derulo would come out and just blatantly say like hey bro this music chat was cool I maybe made 10 million 20 whatever I'm saying but this [ __ ] over here this car wash this energy drink you know I'm saying this this [ __ ] weed brand I got that's where the real money is thanks I mean look that's all I can say to that man I I agree with that point um this is yet another episode but real real quick don't let jakori spray the fake news I'm not in love with the AI machines it's automations right now yeah is that any better I love machines not machine learning I like keeping them stupid so we can control them you know what I'm saying this is yet another episode no labels necessary podcast I'm brand man Sean hello Corey and we out peace | BRANDMAN | No Labels Necessary | UC7RgQTe5CiHZiMfb5qk8YuA | 2023-08-08 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 7,738 | 39,778 |
QGh5cmSVFwI | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QGh5cmSVFwI | Paula Maxine - Girl on Fire & ROAR Mashup (Adele & Katy Perry Cover) | she's just a girl and she's on fire hotter than a fantasy learning like a highway she's living in a world and it's on fire it's a lonely world but she knows she can fly away you held me down but I got up already brushing off the dust you hear my voice you hear that sound I've got the eye of a tiger a fighter dancing through the fire cause I am a champion and you're gonna hear me roar looks like a girl but she's a flame so bright you could burn your eyes better look the other way everyone stares As She Goes By cause they can see the flame that's in her eyes you held me down but I got up I get ready cause I've had enough I see it now see it all I've got the eye of a tiger a fighter dancing through the fire cause I am a champion and you're gonna hear me roaring [Music] cause I am a champion and you're gonna hear me roar | Paula Maxine | UC8OFcVYIy1QD4aLw5ZPAjrA | 2014-02-22 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 175 | 828 |
xcwZGXzl8qs | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xcwZGXzl8qs | EP 10 - S1 | THE TALK OVER KAZIRANGA - NEENA MORADA | ISLANDS | WILDLIFE | ARC | VENUE.EVENTS | | so we've just finished with the machine Village where you saw the machine who live on the stilt homes and the homes are made of bamboo scaffolding and bamboo mats the floor the walls the the roof everything is made of bamboo and they keep extending one after the other the rooms keep getting added in the form of L or I and they were very interesting way of getting onto their homes by using a tea trunk now that we finish with the machine Village we are moving towards the Eastern range of kaziranga and that is called agorathali where we will um take our tenders and go to see the shoreline of the Eastern range and there is always a chance that we would come across some wildlife so we have in the past seen quite a few animals on these Waters sometimes you see a rhino an elephant you see buffalos in the water we've even seen the Tiger uh not just once many many times so but of course Wildlife has a chance how close was the tiger too first time when we saw the tiger we were actually in our tenders moving right next to the shore and this was about two o'clock in the afternoon the tiger was in the grass right at the edge of the bank and was sitting there and sleeping dozing and the tiger looked at us and we looked at the tiger and both of us did not you know register each other and then suddenly we got so excited that we woke up the Tiger and then the tiger snarled and really loved so that was our first visit the tiger then stood up this Majestic being and then walked away and then second time we saw the tiger was drinking water and um third time again drinking water then many other times the tiger had actually come down to drink water we didn't see drinking water that time but then uh in 2018-19 we saw the golden tiger and we saw that six times one season and at the same spot every time this was wonderful tiger was a tame tiger then it's Majestic it's beautiful and there is no other animal like our striped being creates that little fear you see all the animal the birds start chirping when her tiger passes by the monkeys are screaming so the tiger does cause is is the ruler of the forest lion is the king of tiger is the king of king or depends if there are lions in that Forest if there are no lions in that Forest then it's the tiger the next and then like if you go to the Deer Forest or gear Forest then it is the lion belong to the same cat family the whole of kaziranga is a product of brahmaputra gets formed by kaziranga and the erosion that takes place on its banks or the degradation of the forest life that happens is also because no and it's so Lush throughout the year because brahmapatra Waters it irrigates the whole area there are huge ponds inside kaziranga which are called beans and these are the water holes for the animals it's it's a beautiful Park where at one particular place you can see 13 different species now when we do the boat Safari in one evening we'll be able to see most of the time we are able to see a wildlife and also it's very interesting even on a day when you can't see any Wildlife it's just interesting to study the shoreline and understand how brahmaputra calves it or takes it away when the ship was talking I saw the soil erosion happening right so I could calculate the modern soil erosion that would happen during the time of floods what you saw just now was just a little drip of the soil into the water yes it just sort of dribbled into the water that's because the ship is huge and then as it moves it displaces a lot of water it hits the bank and then the soil gets displaced usually the soil gets displaced at the point where the water hits the sand and then naturally when it's displayed displaced below the top soil will but that is nothing when you see monsoons in this area the you have to reckon the force of nature brahmaputra Rises now the island that we are at this the height of the um about 10 feet high that it is from the water level 10 feet high because the water went to that height and perhaps more and then as it receded it actually um left the sand over there now so any height that you see around all around that you see that is the height that the brahmaputra in this area went up to see those that for that tree line the bamboos are growing and then the water actually went up all the way | VENUE.EVENTS | UCXA14spELaufQY0HhaeXUqQ | 2023-02-24 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 839 | 4,290 |
fgTS76e-GAQ | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fgTS76e-GAQ | Winter Lecture Series - 3/5/23 -Dr. James Scott | foreign to the uh the Third program in this four uh program series the winter lecture series uh in Lincoln uh I hope I'm welcoming you back but if not I'd welcome you if you happen to miss the first couple of lectures uh uh just recently we've learned that if you would like to uh to stream the earlier lectures not only can you go to the Unitarian Church of Lincoln's uh YouTube site you can you can also go directly to the Unitarian Church website and you can pull down and you can see uh the previous lectures as soon as they're uploaded uh into the into the system uh I think you're you're all muted and your videos should be off so we can give full attention to our speaker uh as I say this is the third or fourth uh we have one more next week uh but without further Ado what I'd like to do is is introduce uh Professor David Forsyth uh who many of you know uh distinguished uh professor emeritus of political science uh who is going to introduce the speaker and he knows the speaker we you know we've shifted from uh two historians now to two political scientists and this is right up Dave's alley so I will pass the mic to him and I'll I'll hide myself go ahead thank you Peter I want to take just a couple of minutes to situate the talk tonight in our series I was thinking back about the first lecture by Professor borstelman who gave a really fine overview of American diplomatic history and it occurred to me that one could use our theme about bipartisanship or partisanship polarization or its lack to cover some of his same ground but it's it's a kind of useful way to cut into the subject to talk about the extent of consensus or not in U.S diplomacy or foreign policy whatever you wish to call it for example if we take some ideas from the first lecture I would say that there was a great deal of consensus in this country bipartisan support for certain ideas that Professor borstenmann talked about Manifest Destiny that we were destined to become a great and powerful nation-state the Monroe Doctrine that it was really our role to dominate the Western Hemisphere and other powers should stay out American exceptionalism that we were really a shining City on the hill and a Force for good in the world I think on all these basic ideas about U.S foreign policy there has been across time a great deal of bipartisanship at the same time if you look at some critical junctures that Professor borstenmann talked about you can see that there was plenty of partisan and other disagreement I I think especially World War One and the follow-on diplomacy of the inner Wars years was was a very crucial time it's when Woodrow Wilson wanted to move away from unilateralism toward multilateralism to move away from the idea that we never engaged in entangling alliances but of course wanted us to join the League of Nations and all of that was firmly opposed by Henry Cabot Lodge Republican of Massachusetts so particularly in that crucial era I think you can see much partisanship and clearly disagreement did not stop at the water's edge there was lots of partisan disagreement about U.S foreign policy particularly around World War One and the Versailles peace agreement and their actor much later I would say again continuing to to to pick up certain subjects that Professor Boston talked about I think there was great bipartisan consensus that we should engage in global containment of communism I think that had bipartisan support but then when you come to some particulars uh like should we be fighting in Korea then of course should we be fighting in Vietnam to contain Global communism uh one saw a profound disagreement some of it partisan and sometimes the disagreement didn't break out along partisan lines but again I think thinking about things in terms of partisanship or polarization versus bipartisanship or cross-party agreement is a useful way one useful way to cut into some of these events of course even if one starts with polarization or its lack bipartisanship or it's lack things change over time events change I think for example when Truman decided to fight in Korea in 1950 there was kind of bipartisan deference maybe it wasn't consensus but there was bipartisan deference and three years later he was very unpopular and the Republican Eisenhower uh got elected in 52 in part because Truman and the Democrats were so unpopular over Korea and yet in 1950 when we went in uh there wasn't all that much uh public disagreement and of course who controls the White House affects um how some of the disagreements are are expressed if we quickly shift to our second speaker Professor Green talking on China you can see for example and certain key points there is great bipartisanship about U.S approach to China of course it was Nixon in 1971 and 1972 that made the opening to China even if part of the effort to contain the Soviet Union give the Soviet Union something to worry about on its long border with China it was Nixon who made that first step but it was Carter who recognized formally uh the Communist Regime in China in 1978 so there was bipartisan agreement on that and yet particularly the right wing of the Republican party was very hawkish and uh did not really like all that much uh better relations with China and you saw the same sort of disagreement when you had Nixon and Kissinger and Ford for the Republicans pursuing Dayton with the Soviet Union well the hawkish wing the hawkish faction of the Republican Party sometimes called the neocons was not very happy with those developments so I think a lot can be said about American diplomatic history and contemporary foreign policy by thinking about polarization or its lack in foreign affairs bipartisanship or it's lack in U.S foreign policy have no fear I do not see myself as giving the talk tonight and I'm going to stop with the substantive commentary at that point but I did want to remind our readers about the theme of the lecture and how to view some of the historical remarks that our first two speakers made tonight uh we're very pleased to have James and Scott with us from TCU in Fort Worth I will start his introduction by pointing out that uh I would say early in his serious professional career he was at unk in Kearney and in fact he still has connections with Nebraska he is linked to the Great Plains Center at UNL and we're very happy about that um while he is at TCU now along the way he taught at Oklahoma State and some other very good places and so he has a very uh fine and distinguished career in higher education over the past few decades he has been on the editorial staff of a number of very important Publications in the field of political science foreign policy international relations I'm thinking of his editorial role on the political research quarterly also the journal foreign policy analysis and quite recently he has been the lead editor for international studies perspectives which is one of the more important publications of the International Studies Association and he has won a couple of awards from that to the professional group um I know him very well as a co-author of a textbook on international relations which has gone through at least three editions the last time I looked at that he is also co-author of a text on U.S foreign policy which has gone through seven Editions and that is certainly relevant to our proceedings tonight he is also the author of several specialized books on U.S foreign policy and international relations a couple of these published with Duke University press which is a very fine uh academic publisher he of course has in addition to these Major Works uh multiple Journal articles and it would take up the rest of the evening to to survey that and so happily for everybody I'm not going to do that I am with great pleasure going to uh as they say uh turn the floor over to Jim Scott Dave thank you very much for that very generous introduction and for the invitation to join this tonight I'm very excited to be able to offer a few comments uh plugging into the themes that you so aptly summarized and uh focusing my comments on the topic of Russia in the more polarized uh American foreign policy environment so I'm going to share my screen and go through some comments and then we'll have time for some conversation so let's skip this guy I trust that that has worked and here we go uh so again delighted with this opportunity uh a real pleasure to be able to reconnect uh with my friends and and the institutions around Lincoln and the university uh and it's all its various forms and places uh so for much of the post-world War II period which is where I'll be focusing my attention uh the USSR and then Russia is kind of a great organizing point for a U.S foreign policy and really for the politics of U.S foreign policy as well uh this maybe rests in part on the The Clarity of the threat and its effect on purpose that that this issue created and established for American policy makers but it generated quite a bit of consensus as uh as Dave has suggested about uh what the U.S should do in the world it's a role in engagement uh even while there's debate over other things a Vietnam marked really the end of that consensus in in most of its forms and the end of the Cold War marked the end of the priority of course of the Soviet Union and since then the changing foreign policy environment and uh the partisan Discord and political polarization that has been a Hallmark of the last three decades really created a kind of a Politics as Usual theme to American foreign policy that has contended with the uh politics stops at the water's edge premise that uh the the late Senator Arthur Vandenberg once used to characterize bipartisanship my focus on this tonight is going to be fairly simple I think I'm gonna walk us through uh let me get here walk us through three kinds of points I'm going to set a context a lens if as it were to look at uh some of the the pathways to the present and the concurrent conditions focusing on issues of partisanship and bipartisanship the consensus and dissensis and polarization uh particularly since the end of the Cold War I want to focus in on U.S foreign policy and the Russia challenge especially in the more polarized environment and especially in the more recent last few years and then we'll draw out some conclusions to try to understand uh some of the key touch point on Russia policy in this polarized era and especially right now and into the future so I I want to start by talking about the nature of partisanship and bipartisanship and offer you some ideas about how we might understand this partisanship is pretty easy to understand it's the sort of tribalism that happens when birds of a feather flock together so Democrats stick with Democrats Republicans stick with Republicans and voting behavior and other kinds of things uh and and partisanship has been the Hallmark of political times at a number of points in American history as as Davis suggested um but that's not been the case consistently since World War II since the U.S assumed its more Global role in foreign policy and the world then since World War II bipartisanship on foreign policy has been much more common although again not fully consistent but a way to think about bipartisanship is to draw on the work of Jordan Tama and and the work he's done with a colleague or two and distinguish between three kinds of potential partisanship situations the classic one that we that we think of when we think of bipartisanship is pro-presidential bipartisanship the idea that uh substantial majority uh in Congress and in the country cutting across party lines supports the foreign policy approach and initiatives and decisions of the president uh whether that's uh deference or acquiescence or accommodation or support it all washes out the same way but there's also a way to think about bipartisanship as Jordan Tama suggests that we could call anti-presidential bipartisanship and this is when the substantial majority across party lines takes the position opposing presidential initiatives for one reason or another to try and restrict reign in or prod presidents to do things that they uh that they don't want to do and there are actually a pretty substantial number of those instances over time during the high Cold War During the post-vietnam period during the end of that period and into the post-cold war world and even at present and then finally we can think about cross-partisanship which is the situation that happens when small factions or coalitions of uh members from the Democrat and Republican parties align themselves in these in these working coalitions on particular topics and try to shape or affect policy as well they usually are in a competitive sense that there's more than one of these uh they use a VI uh over the the direction of policy uh or its its means uh but they they effectively they they are rival alliances of sorts and and that also has a a lengthy record in American foreign policy history and as we'll see on Russia potentially uh as well so that's the first uh staple that we want to bring some clarity on the second has to do with this cold war consensus which is uh the the bipartisan uh golden era in many respects after World War II and up until Vietnam the the broad support um for American foreign policy based on the twin pillars of containment of the Soviet Union and the development of a liberal International order that turned on institutions and uh free trade and those sorts of things those two Endeavors linked together captured a substantial amount of support across parties the the graphic there kind of demonstrates the connections among members uh in the 50s members of Congress in the 50s and and how they they were deeply connected with one another so this this cold war consensus had a policy consensus Dimension agreement on the the aims of American foreign policy and often uh it's it's particulars and where debate existed it was over how to do things and and to what extent to do things which is not to mask the real disagreements at times but the the general direction of the the Train on the tracks was a shared Direction there was also and resting on that policy consensus a kind of procedural consensus where uh presidential leadership and foreign policy was supported and accepted Again by broad bipartisan majorities in congress not necessarily because the president must lead or is supposed to lead or is empowered to lead by the Constitution but maybe because of policy agreement and the sense of purpose that was shared to be sure presidents have advantages and and we could spend a lot of time on that it's one of the things I really like to talk about but but we won't within that consensus this cold war consensus which runs from the late 40s until the end of the 60s and the Vietnam experience there were variants of approaches to foreign policy there were debates over the extent to which this action or that this means or those means were most appropriate but there was less debate over the the general Direction One Way to understand that is to draw on the work of uh Ollie Holstein James Rosenau and then uh Eugene witkoff from 1990 both of those Works uh they they basically characterized foreign policy orientations and Views during the Cold War consensus as differentiated along two Dimensions uh support for militant internationalism which is uh the willingness to deploy uh force and arms uh actively or in basing and and Aid and that sort of thing and support for Cooperative internationalism which is the willingness to engage in institutions and alliances treaty building those sorts of things and if you distinguish between high and low support for for each of those Dimensions as both of these authors did you end up with four kinds of foreign policy views hardliners who were supportive of militant internationalism but not as supportive for the Cooperative stuff um accommodationists who were highly supportive of Cooperative internationalists but not so much of the militant uh internationalists who support both and isolationists who support neither so this is helpful because it captured a lot of the foreign policy debate and if you want to think about the Cold War consensus you can think about it being situated something like this the the debates in U.S foreign policies centered on the darkest spot of these ovals where uh where the the Lion's Share of the viewpoints fell into the internationalist camp with some Hardline and accommodationist perspectives worked in to be sure there were those who took other views there were still uh isolationist kinds of views but they tended to be at the margins and not Central to the debate the Cold War consensus rested on on this this perspective multiple streams of research suggest that this is the case now again this hides some disagreements in in my foreign policy book uh with Gerald Rosati we talk about this period of time as being characterized by uh sequential uh stages of accommodation antagonism acquiescence and then Awakening so we wouldn't want to pretend that there weren't disagreements but the the sense of shared Endeavor was really strong so that that kind of gives us a sense of the Cold War consensus uh since Vietnam this consensus has uh struggled uh perhaps completely disappeared uh there is much much less agreement on shared Direction and shared fate and to the extent that we get it it tends to circulate around particular issues or events that that are short-lived so the the graphic on this screen shows the disagreement and the polarization and partisanship that characterizes relationships between members of Congress uh in in the more current ERA this I think is from 2011. so after Vietnam the the ideological polarization and partisanship really starts to increase and disagreement over the policy directions and the means the purposes of U.S foreign policy uh really grows these ideological and partisan divides affect virtually every debate in foreign policy one way or another some more some Less in Congress it affects Party leaders and what they do the voting of rank and file and and so on uh and so forth we could say a couple of things about about this it got worse in the post-cold war so the desensis that happens when the Soviet Union disappears and the Cold War is Over uh is a is a affects both of those areas of consensus that I mentioned before the policy consensus shifts and and really dries up completely because as uh former CIA director James Woolsey once said uh the end of the Cold War was much like um slaying the dragon that you were faced with and being left with the world of snakes hiding in the grass dangerous to be sure more difficult to spot harder to figure out what to do about and much less focusing than that great Dragon so the policy Arena changes and the policy preferences start to diffuse as well beyond that there's a procedural chain the procedural consensus which had frayed and and disappeared in the face of the imperial presidency concerns of the 1970s and 80s gives way to this beyond the water's edge perspective where the politics of U.S foreign policy become much more significant uh and and uh disagreement over decision making roles and and tools and means become much more uh pronounced so if we think about that a couple of things we can say in terms of patterns and I so I don't want to overstate this case but I want to just make three quick observations we know this from a lot of research from a lot of different people I won't take the time to be bibliographic on this but uh as we move into this more desensis-oriented era [Music] um polarization and partisanship which is the Hallmark of the era overall is less pronounced on foreign policy than domestic policy there's still more policy agreement and less partisanship and polarization in the foreign policy Arena than in the domestic policy Arena most studies show this well that's the first so recognize that but the second is foreign policy itself is more polarized than partisan than it was previously so foreign policy doesn't have to be as polarized or partisan as domestic policy to be more polarized than partisan than it was during the Heyday of the Cold War consensus and then finally the research onto this topic suggests that some issues enjoy more bipartisan consensus than others with International Security issues being more likely to have broad support across party lines and international economic and other kinds of issues enjoying much less in between those that the crop of issues called intermastic issues are are pretty challenging as well and and subject to partisanship and polarization so when you think about the polarized present in in that way another way to think about it is to just think about the foreign policy views we just talked about so Holstein Rosenau and witkoff say they're these four or archetypal views that dominate the elites and the public during the Cold War a decade later Rosati and Creed doing a similar kind of study not two Dimensions but five uncover six foreign policy views among Elites and and the public that contend with each other and that of course reflects the uh the adjustment the altering by Elites of their foreign policy orientation as they absorb the really profound Global changes that that occur in the the years leading up to the end of the Cold War and after that and updating their belief systems to do so that's a slow process but then fast forward another decade and Chris Dolan's work uh on the post-911 period takes the similar approach as the Rosati and Creed one and identifies nine contending foreign policy viewpoints now I think that the the takeaway from this is it's going to be a significantly harder task to forge consensus when viewpoints are more con diffused and and uh in competition with one another as the last panel on this graphic suggests so I think I think this helps us to situate what's going on with Russia policy a little bit as well we can see it in a couple of other ways let's focus finally on the context of partisanship and polarization because this is as I said a real serious Hallmark of the political condition increasingly over the years after Vietnam so here's a couple of quick snapshots that show the the distance between average Democrats and Republicans uh over a period of time and you can see in the more recent period you've got this really clustering and and tribalism and that's what we mean by polarization right the the distance between members ideologically or or people in the public right partisanship is the clustering Behavior where they stick to their tribes right polarization is the gap between the tribes we can see it in some really important ways look at Congress in the average ideology uh uh based on the DW nominate data in the senate in the house over 50 years from the 92nd Congress to the 117th and you can see that in both chambers of Congress uh the gap between Republican and Democrat increases about six times it's about five or so points on this uh the scale which runs from uh minus one to plus one uh and and it's you know it's about five or so in 1970 it's about 30 or so a little bit more uh in in the last Congress the 117. all right so you'll also note that while Democrats are are somewhat more Liberal Republicans are substantially more conservative much of the Gap that has been created or grown is a function of Republican move to the right that is what we mean by polarization really I like to see it in this way here's here's a real practical takeaway when you think about what presidents have to deal with and why pro-presidential bipartisanship might be more difficult to come by over time uh this graph represents the average presidential approval for each president and administration from Eisenhower to Biden the uh Blue Line represents how the president's own party views the president and the Orange Line it represents how the other party views the president and you can see the Gap that's grown right before the end of the Cold War uh the out party the other party approval rating of the president never fell below 30 and was the Gap was 50 or more only once after the end of the Cold War the gap between the two never gets below 50 points and indeed it's grown into the 70s at present with Trump and Biden uh and the out party or other party approval rating never gets above 30 percent on average for the president that makes bipartisanship a more tricky Prospect right presidents don't enjoy support from the other party and can't generate it or appeal to it there's less instincts to defer there's also the political calculation right which is the unpopularity of the other party leader in the White House is an incentive for members of congress not to go along or at least to play politics to some degree for uh for political gain so that I think is the is the context now what I want to do is I want to focus Us in on some of the issues with respect to Russia with with these things in mind and then we'll make to try to make some sense out of it maybe to think about this I just throw up some some key uh events or issues that have transpired since the end of the Cold War uh between the US and Russia that that Mark serious policy issues challenges initiatives and so on uh for American presidents from uh from Bush and Clinton uh to Biden uh immediate in the immediate aftermath of the Cold War you have the effort to engage with Russia as a as a partner uh you know in a partnership for peace and and it's related NATO expansion uh you've got a little while after that in the in the 2008 period you've got Russian military activity under under Putin's leadership in Georgia you've got the Obama effort to try and reset U.S Russian relations in the wake of the Georgia episode to be more productive including a an effort to create a new strategic Arms Treaty uh 2014 marks the Russian seizure of Crimea and then the subsequent Little Green Men intervention in the Eastern parts of Ukraine Uh Russian election meddling not just in the US but all over Europe uh well established sanctions episodes for human rights issues for for election meddling and now for Ukraine Russian engagement in Syria and of course the current Ukraine Invasion so what what I ask is what you so think about this what story can you tell through these instances we could tell a lot of them I'm sure but given the focus of our talk tonight and our topic for this series I want to focus in on on one particular kind of of uh understanding here so so if we think about that sweep we go from thaw to reset to confrontation and maybe that's nicely represented by a series of pictures of presidents and Russian leaders from the from the thaw with Yeltsin and Clinton to the confrontation between Obama and Putin captured in a very memorable photo the very uncomfortable kind of uh relationship between Trump and Putin and and one of great concern to many and the cold conflict-oriented relationship this is a picture of President Biden and Vladimir Putin in their only face-to-face meeting during his presidency so far the story that I would tell through this is a story that that has to do with partisanship and more specifically bipartisanship so all across the initiatives the the episodes that were listed on the previous screen and are represented in if in these photographs there's just a a whole state of substantial pro-presidential bipartisanship uh presidents from Clinton to Biden enjoy Broad support across parties for for engaging with resetting confronting and and and and resisting uh Russia and its leadership across the various issues uh over and over again the the the agreement carries the days not to say there isn't disagreement but there's significant agreement on policy support legislatively and otherwise I could introduce example after example I'll maybe do that in Q a at the same time the underlying dynamics of the period also create a real incentive for what I would call a political position taking uh during this period so even while members of the party opposite the president are providing bipartisan support for the policy initiatives they're engaging in political position taking and attacks for electoral and other kinds of reasons I think they fall into two categories typically across this time period uh one is what I would call the the bidding war approach which is you know the the approach that says yes you're dealing with an important issue but you're not doing enough we could do more um and then the other is the blame game uh a position taking which is the you you you're to blame for the problem as it now exists I'm supporting the effort to do something about it but it's your fault that we're in the situation in the first place President Biden's getting quite a bit of that from the Republican side uh uh you know George Bush and Bill Clinton and Barack Obama all got that and and Donald Trump faced a different kind which is my third Point uh all through this uh this storyline there are ample instances of uh or at least occasional instances of anti-presidential bipartisanship situations in which the majority of Congress resists presidential initiatives this is especially true uh in the Trump Administration where even when the Republican party controlled both chambers of Congress they took action to defy uh Trump's president Trump's initiatives um of for example imposing sanctions uh on on Russia for its election meddling uh and in a really notable Clause to that writing into the bill a measure that made it really hard if not impossible for the president to lighten those sanctions It's usually the other way around right Congress will pass a law to impose sanctions and then right waivers to let the president get around him in this case they wrote a law on sanctions and wrote away wrote A measure to prevent waivers out of fear that President Trump would not do congress's bidding broadly bipartisan on that the last thing that I would tell as a part of the story that runs through this is the growing fragmentation and cross-partisanship of the of the viewpoints of members of Congress and in its manifests itself in actions uh increasingly there's there's dissenting views of note within each party uh that that are more alike to the descents of members of the other party even though they're not majority then they are alike to their own party and I want to use the more specific focus on the current Ukraine situation to kind of illustrate that as well so about a year ago as you all know uh that Vladimir Putin decided to ride the Russian Bear across the border into Ukraine hoping for a lightning fast win and and he didn't get it uh naturally uh this has caused a lot of uh thinking and commentary along a lot of dimensions for our purposes we want to focus in on on the the bipartisanship and or partisanship in the U.S response that that was Arc the orchestrated by President Biden um so what what I would tell you about this is is several things using those bipartisanship features and dimensions as our organizing tool since 2014 which is when Crimea was seized and accelerating in the 2022-2023 period uh there is a a substantial record the the loudest theme in the story is pro-presidential bipartisanship broad support for bipartisan sanctions legislation uh in 2022 after the invasion broad extensive support for military economic and humanitarian Aid really going back to 2014 but especially since uh the Russian uh in Invasion I mean in the in May 2022 the only Aid bill or Ukraine Aid that was a standalone Bill and thus wasn't connected to any other factors that might have swayed member decisions it passed overwhelmingly with 39 out of 50 Republicans uh joining uh all Democrats and in the house three quarters of the House Republicans joined all the Democrats for that first 40 billion dollar Aid bill um similar bipartisan majorities approved more than 12 billion in the fall although that had some Riders and and some other connections and and then just this last December Congress and this broad bipartisan majority added 8 billion to the 37 billion that the administration requested you're not doing enough we should do more that's that uh bidding war kind of approach uh so so there there's the story is one of of by bipartisanship and support surely driven in part by the sense of threat and the sense of purpose that underlies the situation almost certainly uh driven also by a legacy of U.S relationships with Russia over over the years in the Cold War uh as well there's a few instances of anti-presidential bipartisanship in this where uh where uh Congress has has precluded some activities that the president has sought but mostly it's a bipartisan Story the subtext to it though is that partisan political position taking that I mentioned uh as Hallmark of the time so Republicans as you can see the vast majority of them are supportive of the kinds of things that uh that the Biden Administration has been seeking to do over the last year or so but in their talk about the issue they have criticized the Biden Administration for not doing enough they have pointed blame at the Biden Administration for for failing to stop the problem even though they're on board with what to do about the problem for the political points uh that exist so so pass number one of U.S Russia in the present is a is a story of bipartisanship that's driven by policy agreement uh and purpose I think that that rests above the polarization and partisanship but there's this there's there's two more layers of the story that we need to to rest on just a minute one is that that consensus that bipartisan consensus is eroding and it has been eroding over the course of 2022 and now into 2023. we can see this uh in in a number of ways there's been strong bipartisan support all along including for the more than 100 billion in Aid that's been provided but what what's happening looks to be a kind of a a war fatigue that may be setting in I'd like to attribute this in part to the uh short attention span of the American public uh Peter Schrader a foreign policy scholar uh studies U.S foreign policy toward Africa principally has argued that uh in crisis kind of situations there there tends to be presidential leadership but in an extended crisis the longer they go the more dissent and the more disagreement grow up particularly in Congress so maybe some of that is going uh on here but but look at what you see on these two charts in March of 2022 the two parties largely agree that this invasion is a major threat to U.S interests on the first graph more 50 or 51 percent of both Republicans and uh Democrats see this right but look at in January 2023 uh the the decline in the sense of threat has been significant on really in both parties but especially among the Republicans only 2 29 percent of Republicans see the Russian invasion of Ukraine as a significant threat uh as compared to 43 percent of Democrats that's a significant significant Gap the other graph here shows this is data from the Pew Research Center from a January poll from this year uh the other graph I think is particularly noteworthy is to is to see the the purple lines on there uh for for Republicans 40 now of Republicans or leaners 40 percent think the US is giving too much Aid that's an increase of a factor of more than four since March of 22. Democrats it's only 15 percent uh that's still an increase from five but not nearly as great and uh much much smaller dimension in fact Republicans that think that we're giving too much Aid to Ukraine are about the same number as Democrats who think that it's about right so the support has has eroded we could see it in some other measures uh 48 of Americans now according to Associated Press poll from from uh just a little while ago uh 48 of American public back sending weapons to Ukraine but that was 60 percent in May of 2022. um and that changes almost entirely uh from Republican voters only 39 percent of Republican voters support sending weapons that's down from 53 in May uh in early February just two weeks after this Pew research poll that you see up here on the screen uh Washington Post ABC poll uh results showed that 50 percent of Republicans said that the U.S was doing uh too much to support Ukraine so there is a war fatigue dissent voice uh growing and it's it's reflected in Congress and it's creating a weird strange bedfellows phenomenon I think in Congress and I think this is kind of interesting so so here I want to talk about this erosion of support but I also want to layer in the third pass which is this cross-partisanship phenomena that looks to be on the rise right now and I'm going to tie this to something else when we wrap up here in just a few minutes uh but here's three examples right so you've got uh Marjorie Taylor green increasingly high profile in the Republican house uh uh saying just about a week ago I'm I'm completely against the war in Ukraine you know who's driving it it's America America needs to stop pushing the war in Ukraine uh over on the right side of the screen you got Josh Hawley the senator from Missouri saying uh again about a week ago 10 days uh here here's what here's what you can do you can be the party of Ukraine and the globalists or you can be the party of East Palestine where the the train wreck occurred and the working people of America really interesting politicking but the interesting I think most interesting place on the screen is in the middle uh which is uh representative jayapal the head of the Congressional Progressive caucus who made a lot of headlines in October for a letter uh from the CPC to President Biden um encouraging more diplomatic efforts to end the war and and and cautioning against prolonging it um this was quickly withdrawn under a lot of uh criticism what I think is noteworthy is that that's not the first time that this has been said by the Congressional Progressive caucus on the Democratic side this is the more rolling of the democratic party and and I'll show you an example of that in just a minute now look at look at the strange bedfellas here uh I think uh and and the factionalizing that's happening dissent in the Republican Party against the majority uh dissent in the Democratic party against the the majority of support and it appears to be on the Republican side in particular On The Rise uh you can think of it like this right on the left you have the the dominant view on the Republican Party even if it is divided on this which is championed by such individuals as Mitch McConnell and Tom Cotton uh in the Senate Gonzalez and Gallagher in the house uh a quote from McConnell is uh is uh a recent one is that uh defeating the Russians in Ukraine is the single most important event going on in the world right now and there should be bipartisan support for this against this position is uh is the group on the right led by folks like Holly and Braun and JD Vance newly elected to the Senate green gets and Massey in the house uh and and this is a quote from Holly very recently we need a truly nationalist foreign policy that would cut off Aid to Ukraine in favor of focusing on the threat from China in the middle I put McCarthy into Santos this the new speaker and uh and one of the probably leading candidates for the Republican nomination in 2024 who have tried to straddle this uh not very successfully uh but but both of them have taken positions that that you know that that don't reflect either side perfectly but try to try to dread the needle in ways that probably won't work the sanus on the bottom suggests that getting involved in places like the Borderlands the Borderlands is not a great reference for Ukrainian Independents by the way or Crimea or the fear of Russia threatening NATO none of that's real uh uh McCarthy in the late fall after achieving the majority in the house said we're not going to write a blank check to Ukraine he's walk that back a little bit but uh still so so here's the the kind of the factions the two factions shaping up on the Republican side and the disagreement on the Democratic side you've got similar kind of thing uh the Democratic Congressional leadership in the House and Senate and the majority of the rank and file Democrats in both Chambers are very strongly in support of as much or more Aid to Ukraine in this in this fight uh this is Chris Coons uh Senator uh Chris Coons uh who who said this is uh allotting the bipartisan support for a long period of time with respect to Russia talks about how you assistance for Ukraine and its neighbors and uh will help for liberation of its territory which is a a a goal more aligned with zelenski than um than the limited goals on the other side the Congressional Progressive caucus has been critical I I told you about the letter from October the comment in early spring was even more striking where uh representative jayapal said new troop deployments sweeping sanctions and the flood of millions of dollars hundreds of millions of dollars in weapons to Ukraine only make things worse which sounds a lot more like the the centers on the Republican side than than their counterparts in the Democratic side so Democrats are are divided by faction as well so let's make some sense of this this picture and the story of bipartisanship and and its three features um before we finish here and then we can we can have some conversation so takeaway number one is that Russia policy is and has been mostly bipartisan in the post-cola world regardless of the direction thought a confrontation but that bipartisanship has been characterized by two sub-features uh the political position taking I mentioned and the the eroding consensus in the current situation uh under the uh pressure uh of Putin and uh and his persistence in this in this war the longer it's gone on the more that erosion has occurred um I think that the story that we've just told and the the foundations we've established reveal the increasingly complex partisan map and the complex foreign policy orientations it involves in ways that help us to understand how bipartisanship might persist but might be more tenuous than it has been in a while uh and it also becomes vulnerable to manipulation of a couple of kinds and I want to elaborate on that just a minute Pew in 2021 broke the American political typology down something like this so you can see the the subtypes the the the factions within the both Republican and Democratic parties with Republicans dominated by faith and flag conservatives and the populist right that's about 46 percent uh the dissenters to the bipartisan agreement on on confronting Putin are drawn principally from the populist right part of this and the faith in flag right part and of course course not surprisingly they tend to be clustered around the Maga movement on the Democratic side you can see a similar kind of diffusion or factionalization and it's the progressive left that is most uncomfortable uh with the uh intervention and and assistance to Ukraine and that's where the opposition is coming from from the Congressional Progressive caucus uh which which have to be negotiated with that includes those folks like jayapal and Lee and uh Ocasio Cortez and uh Omar and others as well so if we think about that uh our our my colleagues Jeff lannis and Patrick Holman not my colleagues at TCU but my colleagues in foreign policy analysis have suggested that maybe we start thinking about the political Spectrum in a little more nuanced way and their version of this looks something like what you see on the screen right now uh with with four different factions on the Democratic side ranging from blue dog out to populist and Progressive Democrats and on the Republican side for Country Main Street Republican study group and freedom caucus factions with the opposition to Ukraine's aide coming principally from the freedom caucus side of that a sizable piece this the manipulation that I want to note and the vulnerability comes from two places and and let me just use these pictures you've seen the one on the left already but I want to call attention to the other part of it which is the person that was doing the interviewing of Senator Hawley in this situation uh and that is the way that the uh the Republican or the right-wing media and particularly people like Tucker Carlson are are providing this sort of steady drum beat of what's really all that bad about Putin and why should we be opposed to him kind of messaging uh it's every night on Fox and and that manipulates both the members and the underlying public in some significant ways but the other person who knows this is Putin uh for a long time now Putin has tried to Prey Upon the disagreements in the American Body politic and help to sow dissension and divide uh one from another and in the recent context he's really doubled down on pitching the American right with a kind of uh culture War message about opposing pedophilia and and uh and other things like this just stopping the destruction of family and all this sort of stuff these these recent speeches are messages designed uh as as uh EJ Dion in the Washington Post that's the piece that's referenced here and observers like Rita Katz who is a pretty renowned uh terrorist analyst terrorism analyst excuse me she's not actually a terrorist after all uh uh have have noted so so this helps to Flame the dissension and and it feeds the base which is what we're talking about uh the appeal um from the dissenters and and what they're making the center for strategic International Studies not too many years ago said listen all of this and obviously not the Ukraine Invasion because this predates that but all of this this complication means we need a different uh scorecard for understanding foreign policy views especially in Congress what they presented uh toward the end of 2018 was a three-part foreign policy View scorecard that differentiated between order driven values driven and limits driven views the most important thing to understand and I won't read the particular pieces of each of these but you can you can see they line up as you might expect but the most important thing to know about these is that you will find both Republicans and Democrats in Congress in each of these columns and that creates opportunity for bipartisanship but more of the Cross partisanship kind of nature that'll be the the the the I think key takeaway to that we'd be remiss I'm not an American politics specialist so I won't emphasize this at any length I think we'd be remiss if we didn't note that realignment and redistricting and the changes in the in the electoral map uh and the ways we elect uh have a role in this because the point in fact is that for most members to getting an office happens in their own party competitive districts are shrinking and disappearing and that of course creates uh drives toward bidding wars to to to win the biggest share of your foreign so it looks like things have dropped on Professor Scott's side I don't know if he had a a Wi-Fi issue or connection issue or what but we'll give him a few seconds to see if he pops back on and and can finish up here Peter can you hear me yes I can uh we have Jim Scott's cell phone number could you call it that's what I was just about to type to Bob yeah tell Bob to check and see we because I I sent in his cell phone number yeah I've already sent him an email and I'm looking for his number now okay thank you um can you two guys hear me yes the number is four zero five six one two seven two seven nine Bob said he was texting him so that's the same number yeah should be the same number he's gonna call him uh if he's unable to get back on um maybe Dave with your Indulgence we can have sort of a a conversation I hope people are dropping off and I hope that they don't they'll stick with this for another couple of minutes until we resolve it and if not maybe we can have a discussion among those of us who are still still on the call I see uh 10 10 people have dropped off please other people just waited a bit and let's see what we can do okay or um we can we can start a discussion you and I can start a discussion or well it looks like you've got him back I'm back I'm not sure what happened there can you hear me yes and you can see me yeah terribly sorry about that I have no idea uh uh what happened I didn't lose my connection or anything like that but um maybe maybe you can just uh give a sentence or two wrap up and we can go to the Q a uh and Bob can read the questions out of the chat box I'll I'll do it uh the last um the last point that I was making uh about the about the cross partisanship and factions suggests that the um uh the bipartisanship is is increasingly possible across these cross-partisan factions but that they tend to be smaller factions that uh try to shape policy at the margins rather than carry policy and they're generally in competition with one another uh and uh the last the last point I would make is simply that the the individual members of Congress who have frequently tried to take the lead on shaping foreign policy over over the post-world War II period we call them Congressional foreign policy entrepreneurs and some of my other work uh with with my colleague Ralph Carter uh their space for operation and success has shrunk in a polarized and partisan world because the the bandwidth and the oxygen is sucked out by the political activity of others as well uh so I'll I'll let it stand at that and then uh whatever conversation we can have will be great all right we'll go to the first question here for you in the chat and the question is isn't the Divide between isolationists and internationalists still relevant the Democratic progressives and the Republican far right tend to be isolationists or is that too simple in the current complex scene I I think there is some relevance to it uh and so it's really easy for example to to characterize some of the things that uh Senator Hawley or uh or uh green Marjorie Taylor green or some others have said as as being reflective of that isolationist uh Trend or or font in American foreign policy but I think uh what the what the scholarship and investigations of these perspectives suggest is that that that can be overblown because it's very selective isolationism uh activism on some things isolationism on others and so for example the work of a Dolan that I referenced suggests that you have isolationist tendencies in a lot of different foreign policy views it's always been a minority since World War II uh of American Elites uh uh a little bigger share of American public buys into that and that's the the the the portion of the public that's feeding a lot of this so I think there is a connection and that is relevant it's not that it's irrelevant but I think it's it's it's too blunt an instrument to capture the nuances of what's going on in the in the debate right now all right our next question uh will it be difficult to maintain any policy toward Russia over time given the fragmented views you document yeah I think that's right I think a central takeaway of the uh the increasingly polarized and partisan environment in which foreign policy made whether it involves Russia or not um is it's more difficult to sustain policy uh than than it used to be uh the the the short attention span of the American public feeds a short attention theater of uh American Elites so so there's an impatience um Russia maybe China are less amenable to these situations because the nature of the challenge and the the unifying purpose behind it particularly in the face of invasion for example uh are a little bit more unifying so they have better prospects but but they're still diminished right compared to harnessing a long-term effort to contain the Soviet Union and force it to crumble on itself for its internal inconsistencies it carried 50 years of foreign policy much more problematic to see something like that happen with the narrow partisan majorities of one side or the other that are that are in place the cross-partisan factions that are rising um tend tend to be organized around those that are sort of establishment oriented and anti-establishment oriented this is the work of Lantus and homage really good on this right and the anti-establishment oriented cross-partisan factions are are the ones that are trying to use their their their connections so this Coalition which isn't very big to begin with but in a narrowly divided Congress it's enough to make a difference right they use this to try and shape policy of a variety of Kinds whether it comes to military action or foreign aid or trade or any number of things and all of those touch on the Russia situation right how is Putin capitalizing on the growing bipolarization in the U.S how can that be counteracted Putin preys on it and tries to feed it and has for uh close to a decade now and and you know we I think the work of the bipartisan Committee in the Senate on uh the Putin uh organized and approved efforts by Russia in 2016 to meddle in the American election and the ample information about similar efforts in the UK and France and Denmark and Germany and elsewhere uh really really revealed the Putin Playbook which is to to to to sow the uh the dissension and the chaos um and and the use of misinformation and disinformation particularly through social media channels uh so so understanding that is one of the reasons why social media corporations like Twitter and Facebook in the past created some screens to try and and do something about this in the wake of what was revealed of 2016. most of those things are being taken down now particularly on Twitter under its current leadership uh and and that's not going to get us anywhere either um the the the way to understand what to do is to look at what Estonia has done because Estonia recognized the information Warfare initiative by Putin earliest and has been the most proactive in the sort of I don't know counter information effort right for lack of a better term the the the fact checking uh efforts and and they've they've been largely successful and they've been at the Forefront of a Europe and nato-led effort to try and come up with a cyber policy that does these sorts of things to combat the the the manipulations in that um but you know to boil it all down in the simplest possible way the the Russian effort to spray on this depends on a couple of things one of which is the access to social media through these bot farms and uh and that where they can create fake accounts and and generate messaging that is then picked up shared and it it just diffuses throughout various Networks who would be foreign policy entrepreneurs now in the recent congresses in the recent congresses well uh you know one might argue that that Josh Hawley is an entrepreneurial although I think he's more a politically expedient uh than not Lindsey Graham has been a a congressional foreign policy entrepreneur uh for uh for a long time he uh in in collaboration with uh John McCain when Senator McCain was alive uh were very active indeed uh Senator Graham was a leading voice in the efforts to try and and take a different course than the Trump Administration wanted believe it or not and maybe that's hard to believe but on one initiative which I've uh I've been done doing some work on which is on Democracy assistance by the United States to other countries uh Senator Graham basically told the Trump Administration your desire to cut that funding in the foreign aid bill is not going to work we need to do more not less and then he was the architect of a whole series of changes in in that uh so so Graham is an example of of of one of these Chris Murphy from uh Connecticut uh a Warner from uh Virginia uh these are on the Senate side some of the the leading voices as well um and there's a lesser movement on the house so much of the house has been politicized that there are fewer although they they do still exist there seems to be a Great Divide within the U.S regarding taking control of human decisions and a desire to control over every decision at all levels from foreign policy to religious decisions reproductive choices medicines is this a cycle of political views and is it normal and unfortunate that's a that's a really great puzzle I I don't know that I have a good answer to that at all uh I think the the you know the the the tension between freedom and order is one of the the persistent struggles in human society for a very long time and we're on a side of this where the control side or the the the order side uh is is being dominated by some voices rather than than others and this is a global challenge I think in a lot of ways I don't really have a good Insight on uh on that I'm sorry for that I think it's a really great question and it's one that keeps me up at night isn't it true that time is not on the side of zelinski and Biden and so a break is coming and zielinski will have to engage in territorial compromise because he is going to lose full U.S support I think that there's a a strong inference that that that that might be the case right uh but I I don't agree with it and here's why I don't agree with it um I I think that the the time the time is not on the side of of Russia uh even more than it's not on the side of anybody surely uh being being persistent and and and stable in a foreign policy initiative is more difficult in the environment we live in for the any American president and you know we're into the 2024 election cycle and a lot could change and that that means something but the fact is that that Russia I think the fact is that uh that that Russia has and will continue to find it increasingly difficult to uh to to to exact its aims and increasingly costly to continue the War uh I think by almost all accounts the uh the success of Russian military operations and logistical operations behind them has been deteriorating substantially and the costs to the Russian Society of that operation and the the increasingly uh significant sanctions bite that exists um make it make it less likely that Russia can persist than than that zielinski has to do something else uh the the Ukrainian ability to resist I think is is only being strengthened uh with the the improvements to their uh weapons base and their training and their access to those resources success breeds success the longer that they don't lose the the more opportunity they have uh to win I think I don't know that that means seizing back all the territory uh but I'm I'm not sure it doesn't mean having the more Advantage situation in uh a uh in a more diplomatic solution which I'm not sure is possible as long as Putin is in power anyway are you really saying there is an equivalency between Marjorie Taylor Green's attention-seeking Rants and Mitch McConnell flying to Munich and reassuring Europeans that America is in for the Long Haul no not substantively but procedurally I think so uh Marjorie Taylor green and Mitch McConnell are are not equivalent and not alike in very many ways my my point was simply to to position them as taking two different views on the Ukraine conflict rather than being equivalent it's clearly the case that the bipartisan success of Russian of the policy toward Russia on Ukraine the Biden administration's approach rests on the strong support of establishment Republicans and establishment Democrats Mitch McConnell Lindsey Graham uh the the the Lion's Share of Republicans in both House and Senate more in the Senate than the house remember though in May of 2022 before War fatigue 11 of 50 Republicans voted against the aid package to Ukraine when they really really really needed it uh and I mean that's 20 and that's not that's not nothing um I don't know how one looks at the current composition of the House of Representatives and Views Marjorie Taylor green as as as irrelevant uh that faction is on the margins of a narrowly divided house carries a lot of weight it's why speaker McCarthy had to make so much effort and so many uh uh concessions in order to become speaker so I I no I'm not trying to fall into some false equivalency uh and only to note that there is dissent in the Republican Party between a faction that supports current U.S policy and wants more and a faction that does not and wants less all right this is our last question that's in the chat America seems to function better and is more united when we have an enemy should we recreate the cold war with Russia you know Bill Clinton said in 1993 I think he was quoted as saying gosh I missed the Cold War and it was precisely because of that sentiment that I think those words came out of his mouth no we don't miss the Cold War and it's costs and its fear and its nuclear stalemate and it's it's toll in lives and treasure and and its impact on people around the world but in terms of a unifying force uh the clarity of the threat and the um appeal of the purpose were unifying factors and apart from those two things it's hard to see in the current uh environment in the current context a similar kind of unifying force for a lasting period of time so I don't know that it's our choice whether to recreate the Cold War it looks to me like Vladimir Putin has decided to to throw all the dice in on this Gambit to try and uh enact his vision as anti-western anti-liberal vision and uh roll back American and Western influence around the margins I think the more likely Contender for a focusing challenge might be might not be Russia uh it might lie elsewhere and perhaps in China as a more serious competitor more serious threat for the long-term position of the United States in the world um and I would note that these two examples though Russia and China are the places in American foreign policy around which more bipartisan consensus exists uh than anywhere else so you know at the end of the day there's some truth to what you say the combination of of clarity of threat of existential threat uh and um appealing purpose even morally appealing purpose um are are the the it seems to me the two foundational points for the a sort of consensus um whether those can be developed in the absence of such threats uh is hard to see okay I was just talking with Peter that's our last question in the chat but we have some comments uh Peter do you want to open it up to live q a now and sure David Dyke has put a comment in the uh in the chat uh Dave why don't you uh read it or speak it out and let Professor Scott respond yeah everyone should be able to unmute and turn your video on now or if not I'll read I'll read it for him I I I'm I am muted I was just concerned about uh uh watching the debates between Romney and Obama and they they asked the two contenders you know which which country posed the greatest threat to the United States and Romney said oh Russia and and Obama seemed rather shocked and retorted that Russia was just a has been and no longer a threat and uh I think he misjudged them I I couldn't agree more honestly uh I think uh in some respects the the ridicule that uh that Mitt Romney faced over that comment um was was unfounded or unwarranted and history has not been kind to Obama's take on that Romney I guess is deserved it deserves an apology from some people because um he wasn't he wasn't wrong now maybe he was wrong in terms of threat in the sense of long-term and capable but he certainly wasn't wrong in terms of intent uh uh you know the Putin vision is a is a threatening Vision whether Russia is capable of enacting that Vision outside of its Borderlands is another question the other point I guess is that when uh Putin invaded Crimea and and the ukrainians asked for help they got field rations from the United States yeah uh and and unfortunately at that time that was also a bipartisan consensus that was largely the position that there was little we could do there were dissenters to that of course uh but uh but that's right now the U.S did spend a fair amount of effort after 1914 and leading into 2022. uh with some NATO allies to try and train up and provision of the Ukrainian forces in ways that had that helped them to be able to resist the uh the the initial attack um from Russia last year uh so so some progress was made after 2014. um and uh and and that but certainly not on the um resistance or or addressing the the territorial seizure of Crimea thank you uh Beth Ann Brooks you have uh your hand race um I wanted to ask Professor Scott if I'm sorry if there's an echo if um you found it at all encouraging vis-a-vis uh the Ukrainian Invasion um estonia's support uh for uh Ukraine knowing that they could be next but it was interesting to hear about their um election and the fact that I believe per capita there are about 1 million people in that country they have actually uh contributed more uh to uh Ukraine uh than it trailed off at the very end there but but I think I got the gist of that I I think that's exactly right I just saw a chart uh yesterday or the day before that broke down uh support and assistance to Ukraine per capita by the countries around them and in in North America and and the the level of support per capita the sort of widow's might kind of levels uh from from Lithuania and Latvia and Estonia uh the the front line States who you know by by most accounts are are threatened by The Next Step it's really really impressive uh and uh you know I I have a a a a picture it's a meme really that I use in any talks about this uh current situation in Ukraine and then basically it's an award plaque that is a award given to Vladimir Putin as the NATO salesman of the year and I and I think there's some Merit to them right uh it's a re-enter and President Biden deserves credit as well he's he's managed to fractious environment pretty well with the NATO allies in ways that are admirable but it is certainly the case that that if you were if you were intending to uh divide NATO um and that was your goal you couldn't have gone any further in the other direction than glider report has done thank you I think you could add Poland to the Baltic states yes Poland as well absolutely we have time for one or two more questions or comments if anyone would like to unmute or put something in the chat I have a question um Ukraine is not part of NATO ostensibly because it was so corrupt as compared to other Eastern European countries and didn't Merit entry into NATO and because of that corruption it didn't matter military aid after the around the Crimean invasion is Ukraine substantially less corrupt today or not well I think uh I think there's a I think there's a deeper subtext there um so I I surely this is a part of it Ukraine is not a leading candidate for NATO expansion in either in any of the initial waves of that principally because of the nature of the relationship between the regime and sub uh secondarily its own problems after 2014 NATO NATO expansion to include Ukraine is a non-starter of an idea because Russian troops are on the ground in Ukraine and and uh I mean one lesson that Putin has taken is that if you have troops in in a country NATO won't expand uh to include that country because NATO is not seeking a direct military confrontation uh so corruption has been a political problem in Ukraine for a very long time going back to the end of the Cold War and before um I think the uh that story is not principally a story of what happens as Ukraine seeks more orientation to the West I think it's a story of the Legacy leadership and political structures from the Soviet and post-soviet context so I think that there's there's still corruption problems but Ukraine has made made strides made progress on those things and uh the transition after uh the maiden Revolution uh in 2014 and the transition to different leadership has been imported in that and I I say that as a non-specialist in Ukrainian politics so uh everything I say should be taken with a grain of salt on that one okay this is Magic it's uh it's 8 30 and uh and we've run out of questions uh Professor Scott would you like to offer any concluding remarks uh I I would offer too uh uh I I want to say that uh I appreciate the opportunity to come and talk about the effects of the polarized and partisan context of American foreign policy it's something that is near and dear to the work that I've done in my own uh scholarly life so I'm really grateful for that and and I think the the Takeaway on it is that anybody in the White House any president in the White House any leader of Congress uh on in either chamber uh is in for a bumpy ride because of these changes uh so that's the one the other is to apologize for the technical glitch that got me thrown off of Zoom there for a few minutes and uh the for the struggle that I had to to get myself back onto it but I appreciate your patience with me thank you again for letting me join you maybe we can blame that on a on a balloon that's flying overhead uh over Fort Worth uh thank you very much Professor Scott for your uh Illuminating uh remarks and and and great uh and candid response to the to the questions uh thank you for joining us next week uh in our final uh talk for this series uh Professor Kevin Smith from the University of nebraska-lincoln we'll be talking on political polarization in the United States and what it might mean so we'll have a contrast to the uh to the to the international perspective to see what's happening uh domestically uh so thank you all very much and we hope we'll see you and your friends uh next week thanks again Professor Scott good night all my great pleasure good night foreign | Unitarian Church of Lincoln | UCbQ6y1CmHO9tg6aAmluXlKQ | 2023-03-10 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 12,724 | 69,793 |
H77MdSw_1F0 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H77MdSw_1F0 | Urinary Tract Support Review - Women Health Products | hello today we are going to answer some frequently asked questions about urinary tract infections or utis utis cause more than 8 million visits to healthcare providers each year about one in two women and three in 25 men will have symptoms of at least one uti in their lifetime what is a uti a urinary tract infection happens when bacteria grows in your urinary tract which includes your kidneys bladder and urethra bacteria may get into the urine from the urethra and travel into the bladder they may even travel up to the kidney but no matter how far they go bacteria in the urinary tract can cause problems what are the symptoms of a uti symptoms of a uti are different for everyone but can include burning or pain with urination frequent urination lower back pain cloudy or smelly urine pelvic pain or pressure and fever and symptoms vary depending on what part of the urinary tract is infected if the infection is in your kidneys you may experience upper back or side pain high fever shaking and chills nausea or vomiting if it's in your bladder you may feel pelvic pressure lower abdominal discomfort frequent painful urination or blood in urine if the infection is in your urethra you may have burning with urination discharge and post void urethral discomfort why are utis more common in women just as some people are more prone to colds some people are more prone to utis utis are more common in women because they have unique risk factors like having a shorter urethra than men so bacteria has a shorter distance to travel to reach the bladder and certain birth control methods that women may use and menopause can also cause utis in women also women are more prone to lower urinary tract infections due to anatomical differences because the rectal area which can be a reservoir for bacteria is in close proximity to the vaginal urethra area how are utis treated a uti can usually be treated with a short course of antibiotics pain and the urge to urinate often go away after a few doses but it is very important that you still take the full course of medicine even if you feel better unless utis are fully treated they can often return how can i prevent utis there are a few steps you can take to avoid getting urinary tract infections drink plenty of liquids especially water empty your bladder soon after intercourse don't hold your urine for too long and for women avoid potentially irritating feminine products wipe from front to back choose a different contraception method because diaphragms and spermicide can lead to more utis so there you have it all of the basic information about urinary tract infections if you have more questions about utis visit our website at urologyhealth and if you think you may have a uti call your doctor right away because if left untreated utis can become serious you | Samora Jarkas Trusted Reviews | UCGgNnd0C1G43Vn6bBhlz2rw | 2021-05-08 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 499 | 2,817 |
apDlpePVpnI | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=apDlpePVpnI | CRIMSON LION KING?! Black Clover Episode 23 Reaction! | with how much i like fuegolian and leopold this episode being called the crimson lion king makes me oh so happy what's up dapper squad it's your boy darius back at it again with black clover episode 23. last episode we had my boy asta trying to protect that little girl against jimmy with his curse magic and then having some issues bleeding a lot then noel came in clutch big time and then we had alfred i'm pretty sure his name was i actually didn't get to write them down um i did get to write down the guy's name rod is or sounds kind of like rad as raditz um but uh oscar kept calling him raja dis in the petite clover it was just hilarious i'm excited to get into this episode though i'm just gonna hop into it remember if you guys want early access if you guys are watching this on youtube we are now four episodes ahead on patreon so make sure to check that out if you guys want early access full length that patreon is always available for you do you guys want to support me and patreon is not really your thing if you guys could just leave a like and a nice comment down below for the algorithm i appreciate y'all so much i see you guys all you guys saying algorithm you guys will say something something something funniness algorithm i see you guys i appreciate y'all don't forget to follow me on twitch and on twitter dapperdarius let's hop into this uh black clover episode 23 the crimson lion king like crimson lion king let's do this oh this is the actual king oh my augustus kiera clover clover when they're at war his authority equals the actual king especially because he's the leader of all the okay that would make a lot of sense so there seems to be some tension between them as well that is very interesting oh he's quick that is true it's crazy he's like in a straight jacket with no legs though and i am a fan of lightning magic ever since i saw luck in action so but i don't want to be i don't want to be voting for alfred don't worry if anyone's going to be good it's going to be asta yeah you get out of here girl watch out for the zombies right around the corner why don't you just go slash rodney's oh yeah how did i already forget about the magic absorption let's do it again noel hell yeah especially because we're in need of some range right now i love that red grimoire what number is this a water one number muddy water magic oh especially because he's fire that would make a lot of sense why he's a poor match-up for that one so it's not just like normal water like noel it's muddy water it's like mudkip the pokemon or quagmire what was it quagsire quagsire i said quagmire what am i thinking family guy yeah i'm curious how these two are gonna take care of uh this thing okay alfred's charging up right now alfred said i've had enough of this the crimson lion king here we go you're about to see my boy fuegoliano wow that's like endeavor level heat want to endeavor burn that no spoilers never mind in case you haven't seen my hero go watch it that is such a nice thing to say especially with how the other royals were speaking to a peasant like me earlier a commoner look at this man this man is such a good man oh yeah we know julius likes yummy so i i'm curious to know what the other captains think of yami but the black bulls are pretty ridiculed you know yes he did bro come on you really can't have too many rivals but that makes us that tells us that he wants to be the wizard king that he's not a [ __ ] that he considers asa even though he's clearly out of his league someone who is going for the same goal so someone equal of being respected you know captain of the crimson lion kings this man is someone that i would i would respect i'm like yes sir thank you sir i'd be i'd be down to be on the crimson lion kings for sure gotta make sure i'm still recording yeah bro i know a captain said that to you he wants to cry that's so cool he's so motivated only deku said that sometimes come on he just said he has this what are you doing austin you're pushing yourself sometimes you can push yourself too far like you gotta think exactly and he's fresh he's not fresh but he's ready to battle like he's still come on exuberance may be your greatest weapon but keep a cool head come on don't turn into a weakness he gave noel some bars last episode he's given us to some bars this episode what's what's going on we had an inkling that he was from the kingdom at the uh at the entrance or exam yep similar to like you know tremendous magic power compared to the average elements we've seen you know undead and corpses a little forbidden and i could see that being something i would [ __ ] with his mental he was a commoner so no one stood up for him and then he would grow an ego because no one stood up for him even though he's better than them you know [Music] there are definitely sometimes our reasons are just as simple as that what number is this oh he's easily the coolest looking one [Music] it's literally like a pokemon attack it's like flame blast fire blast [Music] carl when he was alive so these are actual i thought he was just wow so these are actual ex-magic users turned dead re brought somewhat to life infused with curse magic that's a very good defensive spell right there columnar like a column of flame i like that oh that's that one movie used last episode or the episode before that that like beam of light that i said that [ __ ] is oh my god it's like pure plasma it's literally like pure energy and molten energy in its purest form soleneia that's so cool always be calm always assess on a cool head you know i like that is getting some uh inspiration it's kind of like my hero like so this is what a pro can do holy [ __ ] look at this man so honorable that our righteous spirit is nothing but violence he reminds me so much of the feudal lords of naruto which i think because this is you know so-called scenario in my opinion it's it's good because like [ __ ] the feudal lords in naruto if only you saw forgolian put in work oh if we saw what was going on with radius it's a good it's a good uh it's a good little teaser right there okay okay well way to get me hyped this episode which what i assumed was gonna happen with foigolian and leopold and all that but way to end it with more cliffhangers and more hypeness for next episode just when we thought everything was uh fine and dandy which it does make sense because right before he invaded or did his attack on the capital we saw him meet up with someone else saying are you ready i'm ready so like obviously there's more and they have a vengeance or a vendetta against the clover kingdom which they can easily gather people like radez who has a vengeance against them and wants revenge but fantastic episode i love seeing the defensive and offensive spells i love the amount of variety they have in their arsenal uh like folgolian he can do his soul columna which was like a wall a column of fire and then the soul linea which is like that hyper beam you know i love it so much he did the soul regular whatever that was rigid you oh rugians whatever that was so cool oh my god i love it i love fire always been a fan of fire lightning i mean anything that's like pokemon i'm always a fan of like even the curse curse was like the ghost type you know i love the defensive spell that his number one carl was able to use i love how he clarified like pete the carl was an expert in defensive magic so he took his corpse and then infused his curse magic so it just made him only stronger so i was like he's this guy really is like the orochimaru so far you know just using dead people to his benefit which i can totally see why the purple orcas would expel him you know and say that's forbidden which right now the captain of the purple orcas is gweldrae poisot interesting name we know nothing else of the purple orcas um i love seeing everyone in action still not a fan of the silver eagles they're pricks i loved fuegolian saying us as his rival and just not berating him in any way but giving him exactly what he needed to hear and straight bars and facts you know i just love it so much but like i said fantastic episode i'm about to hop into this next one if you guys enjoyed this please leave a like let me know what you thought down below if you guys want to check out early access that patreon is down below so full length it's always available to you guys i'll see you soon four episodes ahead on patreon see you guys soon oh | DapperDarius | UC9WUitl_QO-Y9hncPKxq-OA | 2021-01-12 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 1,652 | 8,512 |
U3APYhcGmyg | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U3APYhcGmyg | Delete General Ledger Account or Make Inactive 308 QuickBooks Online 2022 | quickbooks online 2022 delete general lecture account or make inactive get ready because it's go time with quickbooks online 2022. here we are in our bank feed practice file we set up with a 30 day free trial hold it down control scroll it up a bit to get to the one two five percent we're currently in the home page otherwise known as the get things done page in the business view as compared to the accounting view if you want to change to the accounting view it's something you can do by going the cog up top switch to accounting view down below we will be switching between the two views either here or by jumping over to the sample company file currently in the accounting view back on over to the bank feed practice file we're going to be taking a look at the chart of accounts which has been set up automatically for us as we created the new file we'd like to in essence clear out the chart of accounts as much as possible this time imagining that we would like to basically customize our chart of accounts so to do that let's go into the bookkeeping tab this is where the accounts are going to be located and then we're in the chart of accounts up top and then in the chart accounts on the right hand side now whenever i'm like deleting or adding accounts at this point in time i don't like as much the way the business view is doing it as the accounting view there are some differences with basically the functionality of adding and and removing accounts and that's something i hope that they change on the business view because everything else on the business view i think works you know well it's just formatted or located in a different area so for this i'm actually going to switch to the accounting view by going to the cog up top and then switch to the accounting view when i'm working within the general ledger so now in the accounting view we're in the accounting tab on the left hand side and then the chart of accounts is in the tab up top so this is the chart of accounts that's just set up whenever we set up a new quickbooks file and as you set up a new quickbooks file i keep on thinking that they're going to make a different chart of accounts for basically different types of industries and all the different kind of data input that we put into the systems such as the type of company is the sole proprietorship partnership c corporation s corporation or is it is is it a different industry does it sell inventory wholesale resale is it in bookkeeping or so on but they doesn't look like they are they're just having this large chart of accounts that they're trying to make a catch-all type of chart of accounts that can suit everybody's needs so that means on a general level what i would basically recommend is if you don't have experience with the with making the bookkeeping intensely and making the chart of accounts you might then want to use the account if they have it in other words as you're doing data input the practice would be you do the data input if the account is there that you need to use that you want to use then you you did you use the account that they are given in the chart of accounts and then if the account is not there but there's a similar account which you don't like the name exactly and possibly you don't like that possibly they made it as a sub account or something like that then possibly i would still use that account and then go back into the chart of account and adjust it edit it simply changing the name possibly making it a non-sub account so that you're not adding two accounts of a similar type which can confuse the data input because these are the types of accounts that are going to be dropping down whenever you do the data input on an invoice or something like that and whenever you assign an account to a bank feed transaction so you don't want to get confused so that you're signing the same type of thing to do it to accounts that sound similar and that can happen if you just create accounts every time you enter a new transaction and then you have way too many accounts and some of those counts sound the same as you do the data input especially if you're going to go from one person doing the data input to another and there could be some confusion with the data input in that case so you'd kind of like to trim down the accounts and then if there's no account of any kind that is named what you want it to be only then add the new account then after you've gone through a couple months of adding transactions you might want to go back in here and make inactive or attempt to delete the accounts that you're not using so that you could trim down the chart of accounts to the accounts that you are using making it a little bit easier to manage as you as you're doing the data input as you're running reports and making budgets and things like that that's the general format i would recommend or if you're comfortable making your accounts then and you want a chart of accounts that's custom directly to what you are doing in your accounting system or possibly you have types of income accounts and expense accounts that are non-typical or you want to have a more customized name of them we try to just clear out the chart of accounts here and make our chart of accounts as we enter the data in this case entering the data directly from the bank feeds is what we will practice here that's what we would like to do here so what i want to do then is is make these accounts inactive i'd like to delete them but the quickbooks system will not let us delete them it'll just make them inactive now so so we'll have to deal with with that we'll make them inactive and then we'll basically build our own in essence chart of accounts now when you're making something inactive if you already had deep information in the account you need to be careful because when you make the account inactive then it's going to be an inactive account i believe it'll still show on your bank statement as on your reports i mean if there's activity in it and it actually shows the balance it'll still create the balance so your balance sheet isn't out of balance and it'll show the account as a deleted account it'll give you a reference that that account has been deleted but you know be careful of course if there's data you know in the account to make it inactive but i believe you could still basically do it and and if it there's an impact on the financial statements it'll show it as deleted so in any case what so we can go into in each of these accounts we can go into them and say i'm going to right click on it i'm going to i'm not right clicking i'm going to click the drop down and there's no delete button i can't delete it but i can make it inactive and it won't reduce the won't uh reduce the usage of the account meaning i believe that's intended to mean that it's not going to basically delete the transactions you already recorded to it in the past you can make it inactive from this point going forward it's going to say are you sure you want to make it inactive i'm going to say yes and then it makes that inactive now if you wanted to find that account it no longer shows up in the chart of accounts to look at it this way but if i hit the cog drop down up top and i said i want to see my inactive accounts for example and possibly not all the other accounts just the inactive ones then it should show my inactive account so here's the the inactive account up top let's hit that cog drop down again so i just want the inactive account inactive account so here it is well it shows that one as deleted so that's going to be the deleted account here and then of course we can make it active bringing it back in to active if we so choose clicking this item pulling it back into the active status so i'm going to go back in here this one i'm going to these up top are actually showing the columns so i'm going to show the columns that are applied here okay so now i'm going to try to make all of them inactive so i could select the entire thing and try to do a batch action and i'm going to make the entire thing inactive i'm going gonna choose the entire thing make it inactive so we can't make some accounts inactive and i'm gonna say okay got it make accounts inactive you're about to make 133 accounts inactive sub accounts of one or more selected accounts will be made inactive too this will remove them from the account and category fields on your transactions you can make them active again later if you if you need to i'm going to say yes make them inactive and so it says it failed to inactivate some accounts unable to make six accounts inactive so i'm going to say okay that's fine so we've got the payment that's going to be the clearing account that used to be called undeposited funds so it says i'm not going to do that because it has a special need and the reason it can't make that inactive i believe from just a software standpoint is that that one ties into the the bank feeds tie into those amounts that are going to go into the the what used to be called undeposited funds from the receive payment account here and the sales receipt so that that's the one that allows you to kind of reconcile or tie together multiple deposits into one grouping so it used to be called undeposited funds it's now called payments to deposit here they got the uncategorized assets which is like a catch-all account if you enter something and something's out of balance same with the opening balance equity pot often being used if you try to enter something like an opening balance into the system then quickbooks will automatically post it over here and if you were to delete the account quickbooks wouldn't know what to do and it would make things that are out of balance so it needs to keep that account in place the retained earnings is the account that the income accounts are going to roll into meaning income and expense accounts the profit and loss accounts that's your closing process so the fact that it's linked to the closing process means that you have to have it or else the software wouldn't work properly they they are forcing you to keep this one income account the services account and then these uncategorized income and expense accounts are also accounts that quickbooks can use from time to time when you're entering beginning balances or some type of transaction where you're only entering one side of the transaction possibly something like entering an accounts receivable balance for a customer and the system then is going to create the other side going somewhere possibly to uncategorized income and expenses to make sure that we're still in balance so that's fine we've got that we've got a basic kind of number account of accounts here and if i wanted to make them active again of course i can hit the drop down and make them active if i want to see all the inactive accounts i can go to see all of the inactive accounts here so now we've got all these accounts that are inactive if i go back up top i can say okay now i don't want to see the inactive accounts and then i'm going to go to the to the hamburger up top and just check out what if i was to enter something like a check or a bill let's go to a bill up top and just take a look at the drop down with regards to the chart of accounts down below if i go into the chart of accounts and hit the drop down select a category so i'm going to say next close this out they're trying to give me the walk through so i've got the income accounts and notice that those accounts are not showing in the drop down that's what i want because i don't want to confuse myself when i when i'm going into the drop down with all these other accounts i'd like to make the accounts that that i'm actually going to be using so we're going to now then as we do the data input i'm going to close this back out do you want to leave without saving i'm going to say yes as we do the data input i'm going to go back into the chart of accounts which is in the accounting and close up the hamburger we're going to create our accounts as we go so most of the time with the data inputs we got increases to cash decreases to cash the increases hopefully come from a customer so the most basic thing to do would be to increase the income account when you've got deposits we'll talk more about that in the future and then every time we have an outflow the most basic kind of thing would be it would be for something that we used in service of the business therefore we would be assigning an expense account typically to the outflows that's in essence what we'll be doing in the future and we'll create a custom account that will be tied to our big feed types of transactions as we enter into the system we'll talk more about different kinds of businesses and how bank feeds can kind of fit into them but we will in essence for the most part be creating our our system on kind of like a basic type of company that's able to rely more heavily on the bank not only being on a bank on a cash basis but also being one step further in terms of ease relying on the actual bank transactions to in essence create the financial statements and then we'll create our accounts as we take that information in from the bank so that's what's to look forward to in the future epic epic journey of the bank feeds practice file | Accounting Instruction, Help, & How To | UCq6ysZYeu-HwhBEV7TuO8wg | 2022-02-10 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 2,552 | 13,326 |
3viekW3AnRA | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3viekW3AnRA | Every StoryTime Animation | STanimations: Hey guys! It's a STORYTIME!! SomeWhereElse: Hey guys! Have I told you about something you heard somewhere else? Mhm! Hoh! HOOH! HOOOOOOOOOOOOO- AnxiousTV: Hey guys! Have I told you about how I'm an i n t r o v e r t ? *Grooby mating call* (fright) Markex Clarkex: Hey guys! This video is called: Something that happened to me not exaggerated (GONE WRONG) (Not clickbait) *small face laughing* DimDom: Oh my god, me too! *loud face laughing* *void* Katchup: Hi guys... *s n e e f* Have I told you about The School® ? *cri* One day, I was at The School® ... *hamster pain* Mr. Relatable: O-ho, wow! That is relatable! Decipher: Hey guys! Hey! ...I don't have no stories... *extreme hyperventilation* *a n x s i e t y attack* *angery breathing* *bootleg Daria theme* Taboo: Hi guys. *smak* Yep. I'm gonna tell a story. *smek* That's it. *bootleg Darcia theme ×2* Mr. Relatable: O-ho, wow! That is relatable! NGaidenAnimations: Hey guys! Have I told you about THIS SPACE?! Ah yes... Hey! HEY WHAT YOU ARE DOING?! H E Y ! DON'T PUT COLOR ON MY SPACE! NO! COME BACK HERE!! NOOO- TheBabyIsOut: Hi... ...guys! Have I told you when- Translation: I will rip apart everything you hold dear to you until you have nothing left to hold. NGadienAnimations: NOOO- Psycho: Heyeyeyeyeeeeey guys! When I was an child, I was at The School®. *hamster suffering* Pistache: Hi guys! Welcome to my storytime animation! Mhm. SquirtyJuice: Hey guys. It's a storytime... WITH MEEEEEEEEEMES!!! Decipher: Ah, that's a good idea! *grab* SquirtyJuice: No! NOO- *slurp* Decipher: Ahhh. *pelo gasp* SquirtyJuice: Hey, leave her alone! CursedJuice: Let's suck her blood. *juicy laugh* *juicy stab* *juicy pain* PaleGnome: H o o h . BillyMation: Hi guys! I-I made a new video and- "Ay ay ay! What about that one?" N-No, no, no. Don't watch that o- "But it's EVERYWHERE! I wanna watch it!" "Yeah! I wanna watch it too!" N-NO! Don't watch it. No! "I already watched it! We can do anything!" *pout* "Ugh, why are you getting mad? Stop putting things on the internet!!" *angery lads being angery* *various quirky and lovable characters using variations of "Hey guys!"* TheAWeesome: Hey guys! Have I told you about the time I went to a haunted mansion? *thumbnail* I was there... ...and all of the sudden I saw a GHOST! Scary Studios: *hell* "...and what happened next?" I dunno. My Dad: Eeeeeh shuddup! *clapped cheeks* TheAWeesome: Oh no! I can't see! My glasses! Oh no! Without it I have A N X I E T Y ! *insert canned studio laughter* Pelo, The Comidec Geinus: A-HAHA! Hey guys, I made an anxiety joke! Mr. Relatable: Woooow... THAT IS RELATABLE! Pelo Jr.: Let's dance! DIrected, Produced, and Animated by: Sr Pelo Co-Animated by SecretNarcissist Featuring Music by: Master Sword Dedicated t-OHFUCKITSHIMOHMYGOD *nut pains* STanimations: What happened? AnxiousTV: Oh my God! What happend? *nut cough* Pistache: They criticized me... ...and now I need to imppprove... *wrinkly nut* AnxiousTV: WHO DID THIS?! It was you... IT WAS YOU! *harder daddy* STanimation: I didn"t do anythi- *groans* "LOOK!" *gasp* AnxiousTV: It's... THEM!!! *team critical critism charges in* PunkPina: ...hi... ...guys... *sloorp* JustanOpinion: Ah. Hey guys. It"s tea time. Tom: *classic Tom screams* AnxiousTV: RUN! *table slaps indicating the sound of running* emechublessyou: Hm? HM? *false safety cheers* Tom: *yell* Danga: Uuuugh! Can you speak faster?! PunkPina: ...maybe... *emotional pain* ...maybe you're right. I LIED! *evil criticisim* *physical pain* *bruh* *The Great Side-Animator Escape* *fuck* Tom: *loud exlamation* emechublessyou: *screams in unision* C⁶H¹²O⁶: Shut up! Shut up!!! SHUT THE FUCK UP!!! *abuse* *squash* Tom: *loud vocal noise* *boot* C⁶H¹²O⁶: SHUT UP!!! AnimatedKnight: Ay, this criticism thing ain't that bad! *sloop* *chokes* What was that... THAT WASN'T CRITISM YOU FUC- *more choke* *laughs in british* *laughs evily in british* JustanOpinion: What a frail papper twitty moppet. *sippy sip* *spitty spit* Holy Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor, that was piss! BluBread: *gasp* *proceeds to draw a 17 page porn parody* The Captian: POLICE! BITCH! Shotgun Man: *fires the patent pending Sr Pelo Scream Cannon™️* *adrenaline filled screams* The Captian: Shh... You know they can hear us, right? WE NEED TO BE QUIET! SomeWhereElse: *gesp* THE POPO! THE POOOOOPOOOOO! THE POOOOPOOOO! THE POOPOO *faint popo's" PunkPina:...oh... ...we gotta leave... *expand brit* *fwooosh* The Captian: We're gonna need reinforcements... Shotgun Man: Look what you did! WHY ARE YOU SCREAMIIII- The Captian: Just go and get em'! *faint screams* *vietnam flashbacks* *beep* The Captian: I Just wanted to say thanks for the information *flip* *clack* Tankman: THEY GOT EM'! *celebration* *bang* DimDom: Oooh nooo. Martex Clartex: A- *pop* Tom: *what do you fucking think* *oof* C⁶H¹²O⁶: Shut UUUUAAAAAAAAAAAA- *double oof* El es Mark: *births* Jerald: Oh no! What do I do? What do I d- Uh..uh.. Okay! C⁶H¹²O⁶: What? Are you gonna scream? *everybody gangsta till the animation critic crosses his arms* Jerald: What are you doing? You just crossed you- *screams of horror* *heavy breathing* What? *shots from the Sr Pelo Scream Cannon™️* Shotgun Man: OH, IS THIS PISS? *slurmph* Ahhh- *piss choke* NOOOOOO!!! IT'S PISS!!! The Captian: Alright, baby that's it. You're under arrest. Turn around and put your hands up. TheBabyIsOut: Well, you see, Captian, I can't do it because my ma doesn't want me. The Captian: Oh my god! *gurgles* The Author: Soos. TheBabyIsOut: GIVE US ANOTHER CHILD! GIVE US THE CHILD! The Author: SOOOOOOOO!!! *blurp* The Child: Hey guys! Have you heard about everyone that I know is bad? I told it on the internet, it's not a lie! The Captian: Oh no... Gah! Exterminator: Captian, renforcement's on its way! Wait- AAa- *fear* TheBabyIsOut: See captain? You can't do anything about- *lmao gottem* *dead mom* The Captian: Alright, baby. Stop wasting my time. *smug bab laugh* TheBabyIsOut: Alright captain. Let's see if you have much time to- *enemystand.mp4* TheBabyIsOut+FoxBabyman: Catch me! *hard concertation* *twin baby laughs* Demolisher: I'll do it boss. *confused grunts* *arguing about baby killing* *bang* TheBabyIsOut: *fucking dies* *no* Demolisher: I DID IT!!! I DID IT!!! The Captian: What you have done?! Demolisher: Well, I shoot the- FoxBabyman: *fucking dies* Demolisher: But I- But I shoot the- But I thought I... *f* NGadienAnimations: HERE'S THE EXIT! The Captian: ...here's the exit? Hey, don't let them get away! *desk slap time* Jerald: Captin, I got one! The Captian: JERALD, WATCH OUT! Jerald: Woah, stop screaming, seriou- PaleGnome: H O O H . Jerald: AAa- PaleGnome: H O O H . A H A . Shotgun Man: Captain! They're getting away! *run of nothingness* *sky bab laughs* The Captian: What now...? Hi guys! *shidding and farding* Pelo: ¿QUE? That's it? Where is animation? It's called story time animation. Where is it? *tsk* This was a waste of time O-Oh! I know who I'm going to watch. *laughs in spnish* *laughs evily in spanish* Hey Guuuuuuuys! Have I talked about The Schooooool®? OOOOOOOOOOOOOH boy! I love The School®! One time I was there with Grooby and Grooby was like oooOOOOOOOOOOOOO- *big laugh* That's hilarious! ...and the bully came out! *hamster death* And I was like *pain* *hardy laughs as mokey video keeps playing* *coughs of death* Mr. Relatable: O-ho, wow! That is relatable! Hey guys! *laughs at own joke* Uh, finally I finished! It took so long to make, Jesus Christ. Checking how every single story time animator animates, oh my God. It took so long, but you know what it's done, and I'm so happy with it. And I really hope you liked it. I really hope you liked it. Seriously. Uh, I personally don't like storytime animators. Like, they're boring for me. If you like them, it's okay though. It-It's 100% okay! But I like three storytime animators, one is called The Amaazing. He actually gave me his voice for a British critic. Yeah, he-he has, like, edgy jokes and I like edgy jokes sometimes, I dunno. *laugh* The other storytime animator that I like is ScribbleJuice because she adds MEEEEMES!!! *laugh* She-she's such a really fun to watch. The last one I want to give shoutout to because he's so talented but he also he has a small channel. I don't know why. It's called LIEVICUS. Live-icus? I dunno, it's there. It's right there.There we go. It's right there. His videos are reeeeally good, damn. Go check him out. Go check him out. I also wanna give shoutouts to Master Sword. He made the critics thing, and I actually wanted more music but I didn't have time. Damn. But yeah, go-go check out those four people that I shout(ed) out They're really talented. Like, really, really, really talented. And thank you! Thank you so much for every single person that gave me fan art for the credits. I am so happy with how much I got. It was, like, a really big ammount, like Holy shit! *laugh* B-but oh my god, thank you so much. I love every single fan art of that I got it's so amazing. Well, that's it. I hope you have a nice day, or a nice night. I don't know. I don't know. Whatever, and... W-W-Wa-Watch the video again! WATCH THE VIDE- (I stood up till 4:30 a.m. to subtitle this. I hope your proud, father.) Mr. Relatable: O-ho, wow! That is relatable! | Sr Pelo | UCt-GOpCw4dOBlIyqL9A1ztA | 2019-07-30 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 1,553 | 9,295 |
pC5laXRgF2U | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pC5laXRgF2U | Elisabeth Nations: 2017 Sacramento County Academic Decathlon Speech | I suffer from an illness best known as "Senioritis." It's a highly contagious disease that affects primarily high school seniors. Symptoms include laziness, ennui, a lack of motivation, and, in the very worst of cases, near constant eye rolling. And repetitions of the phrase, "I can't wait to be done with high school." To be honest, I was shocked when I realized that I had acquired "Senioritis." I've loved school since my very first day of kindergarten. I used to relish the thought of spending an entire day playing with my friends and learning new things. After school, homework was always my top priority. But "Senioritis" has changed my life and my outlook. When my alarm clock goes off every morning, it takes every ounce of strength in my body to roll out of bed. I've been getting to school later and later. Often slipping into my seat just before the bell rings. And, after school, homework is the last thing on my mind. I've been procrastinating on long-term projects in a very scary way. As my senior year progresses, however, I'm realizing that "Sernioritis" isn't as bad as it seems. You see, "Senioritis" isn't about not caring about school. It arises from the re-adjustment of the things that I thought were important. And the realization that time is short and the world is big. In less than a year, I won't be living with my family anymore. Of course I don't want to do my math homework. I'd much rather make memories, laughing at the TV with my parents. Or reading Harry Potter with my sister. There'll be lots more math homework in college, but there won't be any family bonding time. And the ennui that's so indicative of "Senioritis." The boredom that creeps over me when I'm sitting in class. And leads to an inattentiveness in my studies. It's because I'm thinking about all the things I want to do in the town that I live in while I still can. I want to go hang out at Starbucks with my friends. It's senior year and I haven't done that yet. I want to text my mom that funny thing I heard in the hallway. I don't talk to my mom enough. I want to go out and practice driving. I'm a senior and I don't have my license yet. "Senioritis" also makes me anxious for the future. I'm terrified to be out in the world on my own, but I'm also excited. At the prospect of all the experiences and opportunities I know I have ahead of me. I'm full of inspiration on how to decorate my dorm room. And I don't even know where I'm going to college yet. I can't wait to choose what I want for dinner. To pick out my own classes. To buy my own soap. And I'm looking forward to more than just independence. I'm going to go to college. Just think of all the things I'll be able to learn. I'll be able to take classes on anything from the Aztecs to Zoology. And that's not to mention all the job opportunities I'll come across. The people I'll meet. And the places I'll visit. "Senioritis" is more than just a set of "typical teenage behaviors." It's a state of being. It's being caught between never wanting to leave home and wanting to leave right now. Having this illness has helped me realize how precious life is. How scary and exciting it can be to move on to something new. And how we have to make the most of what we have before it's gone. This isn't something that's just confined to high schoolers. It's something we all experience whenever we encounter change. Whether that's getting a new job or moving to a new city. Having "Senioritis" helps us appreciate the life we have now and look forward to the future. I can't wait to be done with high school. But I'll make the most of it while it lasts. Thank you. | sacramentocoe | UCEG6e3-NCmcrAYwgM8QaaUg | 2017-02-09 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 671 | 3,626 |
vcYKWGJeukk | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vcYKWGJeukk | Isaac Mather - Switchin' Sides (Lyrics) | [Music] um [Music] i don't know how to help i try better [Music] all you ever do is take ride me on my piece and give it back i don't need to watch your break what's the deal with you don't you realize you're the same he's supposed to work together but we just can't turn the pace you saw me bleeding never gave it a hand yeah that's how you act make it everything is falling flat you told [Music] what's the point of life at this point i don't really love it take the pain away god i don't want to be honest paranoid cause you play me like a joint i got way too many memories [Music] always blame myself never ask for help and how i felt i feel [Music] back on me alone more time i don't know how to [Music] help oh | Finding Sounds | UCRrkivmCIQp0LCSwcZglkXw | 2022-03-26 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 148 | 716 |
R0n2E_VvD28 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R0n2E_VvD28 | HYMNS OF PRAISE & WORSHIP WITH ELISABETH ELLIOT II with Diane Bish | [Music] welcome to the joy of music my name is Diane bish and I would like to invite you to join us today as we bring you a special program entitled great hymns of praise and worship with my special guest Elizabeth Elliott as author lecturer and radio host of her program gateway to joy Elizabeth Elliott is one of the outstanding women in Christianity today we're going to be talking about a subject dear to her heart and that is great hymns of faith thank you for joining us [Music] we're speaking with a Elizabeth Elliot today about great hymns of the church and along with knowing the words to so many wonderful hymns she also travels around the country in the world speaking to groups and churches is an author of many books and also has her own radio program gateway to joy which she tells me is on five days a week I know you have an audience of millions but how do you do all these things well by the grace of God obviously they're just things that sort of have been thrust upon me I never dreamed of even being a writer let alone a broadcaster it's just the mercy of God that's all I know it was about eleven years ago that people at back to the Bible in Lincoln Nebraska asked me if I would consider doing a radio program and so I've been doing it ever since and it has been a tremendous blessing to me because I get wonderful letters from people who tell me that it has been helpful to them and I get a lot of sorrowful letters as well and I'm able to encourage and and help people and so as for how I do it there are times when I think to myself I don't know how I do it because I'm a housewife I do cook and iron and clean toilets and do ordinary things that any woman does and I have a husband to feed I have a radio program as well in addition to my radio program I have a newsletter that goes out it's called the Elizabeth Elliot newsletter and that's under the auspices of servant publications in Ann Arbor Michigan then of course there's always hanging over my head preparations for my next broadcast whatever that may be and by far the biggest job that I have is correspondence just the letters that come to my own home those take the biggest chunk of my life and all I can say Diane is that every single day I I know the things I have to do I know that there will be unexpected things and I also know that the Lord is going to help me and so I just find myself walking around the house going from one thing to the other saying the Lord God will help me and this is from Isaiah 50 verse 7 the Lord God will help me therefore shall I not be confounded and therefore have I set my face like a flint and I know that I shall not be ashamed and I learned that verse back when I was a teenager and I heard a woman doctor named Virginia Blakesley a missionary from Africa she talked she told about some of her hair-raising experiences in Africa and whether she said it only once during that whole week or every single day I don't know because it stuck so completely in my mind and I will never forget the intensity with which I saw that woman tears pouring down her face and she leaned across that pulpit having told us hair-raising stories but she she repeated this wonderful verse in this way and I never forgot the way in which she said it the Lord God will help me therefore shall I not be confounded therefore have I set my face like a flint and I know that I shall not be ashamed and that has become one of my life verses [Music] don't you think that sorrow sometimes in a you know him writers life brings them to writing him like it as well with my soul and some of these other hymns that that are so meaningful that they really come out of sorrow sadness many people know the story of what happened to was hymn writer Horatio Spafford and what it was that galvanized him to write this most beautiful hymn when peace like a river attendeth my way when sorrows like sea billows roll whatever my lot thou has taught me to say it is well it is well with my soul and the billows had certainly rolled over that man mr. Spofford because he had sent his wife and four little daughters on a ship where they were going to England and he was to meet them later on another boat and the ship on which his wife and daughters were sailing went to the bottom only his wife of that family survived and I had the privilege of meeting the fifth child in that family who was born after this disaster and so she was the only one of the four other children and she was in her 90s when I met her in Jerusalem we had tea together and she told me that her mother had told the story of what had happened when she was thrown into the ocean and desperately trying to get a hold of her four little tiny girls she was able only to touch the hem of one of the dresses of a little girl and she was not able to grab it and so she lost all four of those children but this lady told me I was number five and so that Spafford had written that beautiful hymn it is well with my soul but Lord haste the day when my faith shall be sight the clouds be rolled back as a scroll Trump shall resound and the more each other sandwich even so well with my soul [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Applause] [Music] here in the Market Square of Wittenberg stands the statue of Martin Luther which reads believe on the gospel when Martin Luther composed the him a mighty fortress is our God based on Scripture he was giving comfort to people in distress persecution of certain Christians was increasing especially as some questioned the tenants of the Catholic Church in Germany during the 1500s these suffering believers knew that Jesus was their Savior but sought assurance and confidence as they faced growing hardships [Music] I've heard you speak about on your tapes about hims come down almighty King Faris Lord Jesus I'm writing for just some of these great hymns that bring to us our heritage in the Christian faith and I think and I know that you think this is very important for our young people and for all of us to know our great Christian heritage that we have a mighty fortress is our God it's one of Luther's great hymns and this too has been a bulwark to me in dark times in my life our listeners probably would not know that I have lost not one but two husbands my second husband died of cancer and I can remember singing this hymn with him he also knew and loved him he was a good deal older than I so I don't think he ever knew what praise songs were but the words to a mighty fortress are so powerful mighty fortress is our God a bulwark never failing our helper he amid the flood of mortal ills prevailing for still our ancient foe that seek to work us whoa his craft and power are great and armed with cruel hate on earth is not his equal and of course this adversary of my of ours is the devil himself did we in our own strength confide our striving would be losing we're not the right man on our side the man of God's own choosing just ask who that may be Christ Jesus it is he Lord Ceballos his name means Lord of the armies of heaven from age to age the same and he will win the battle and though this world with Devils filled should threaten to undo us we will not fear for God has willed his truth to triumph through us [Music] the Prince of Darkness grim we tremble not for him his rage we can endure below his doom is sure one little word shall tell them of course that was he the Word of God that can fell our adversary Satan the last stanza says that word above all earthly powers no thanks to them abideth the Spirit and the gifts are ours through him who with us silence let Goods and kindred go this mortal life also the body they may kill his truth abide it still his kingdom is forever and we can hang on to that country that's a whole sermon in itself in the certainties [Music] [Applause] [Music] some of our viewers realize that there was a lady who was blinded at the age of six weeks because of the mistake of a doctor who put the wrong medicine in her eyes or something and her name was Fanny Crosby and she wrote at least 8,000 hymns my father told us that and I've heard since that it's probably more like 10,000 and so many of them are just wonderfully singable and I came across a little poem that that dear lady that dear little girl wrote when she was only nine years old Fanny Crosby she said oh what a happy soul am i although I cannot see I am resolved that in this world contented I will be how many blessings I enjoy that other people don't to weep and sigh because I'm blind I cannot and I won't and she wrote so many hymns blessed assurance Jesus is mine oh what a foretaste of glory divine praise my soul the king of heaven to his feet thy tribute bring and on and on eight thousand [Music] [Applause] [Music] how do you feel that we can teach him to our young people a lot of people say well young kids don't like hymns and of course a lot of them don't know the hymns but they know the praise songs well the only reason they don't know the hymns Dianna's because nobody's taught them that's right if all they're being taught is the praise songs which usually is shown on a screen overhead of course we can't blame them that they don't know the hymns but I think it's it behooves the pastors and the teachers in the sunday-school and as many other adults as may still know what hymns are to make a point of teaching these children and I've heard the same argument young people don't like hymns and I said how could they possibly like hymns unless someone has taught them and people who have enthusiasm for hymns should be able to give some of that enthusiasm to the young people young people love music there's no question about that I think most of us recognize that it is more difficult to memorize prose than it is to memorize poetry and maybe many of you have learned poetry at some stage in your schooling and we learned a lot of poetry we even learned a a mill and all those cute Christopher Robin books but we also learned these hymns really I've often said by by osmosis I don't remember our parents saying now we want you to memorize this hymn they sat down and played the piano we say we say and children age too can learn him very easily much more easily when they get to be six so the earlier you start your children the more likely it is that they will learn to - love the old hymns [Music] we've been speaking with Elizabeth Ellie about it great hymns of the church and another one of my favorites and many people's favorite is ferris Lord Jesus I love that one - Parris Lord Jesus ruler of all nature o thou of God and man the son thee will I cherish he will I honour thou my soul's glory joy and Crown Fair are the meadows fairer still the woodlands robed in the blooming garb of spring Jesus is fairer Jesus is pure who makes the woeful heart to sing Fair is the sunshine fairer still the moonlight and all the twinkling star II hosts Jesus shines brighter Jesus shines purer than all the angels heaven can boast and into the last stanza which is not in many of the hymn books beautiful Savior Lord of the nations son of God and Son of Man glory and honour praise adoration now and forevermore he dine [Music] thank you for joining us today on the joy of music as we have brought you a special program entitled great hymns of praise and worship with my special guest Elizabeth Elliott we pray that you have been blessed and enriched by the music and words today and we look forward to seeing you again next week on the joy of music [Music] | Joy of Music with Host, Diane Bish | UCkHl07w4V40xYAHv5IkZRhQ | 2018-06-13 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 2,233 | 11,478 |
HPvexX3ZCJw | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HPvexX3ZCJw | Fractal Dimensions in Nature and Mathematics - 2019 | thank you very much and good afternoon to everyone thank you very much for coming to this basic notions seminar so as the word suggests I've tried to follow the spirit of these basic notion seminar presentations which is really to focus on a fairly on a fairly fundamental topic of general interest this topic of fact of dimensions is not actually my research topic so if you start asking too technical questions I might not not know the answer but I think it's a really fascinating topic it has connections to my research interest and so I will try to illustrate and try to make it interesting for everyone I usually people say is the okay so usually people say that you're welcome to ask questions and of course you're welcome to ask questions during the talk but most important you will have to answer questions so I will be asking yourself questions so get ready for audience participation here so my very first question is what is dimension what is the dimension I think we all will agree that a line has dimension one a square has dimension 2 a cube has dimension 3 but how do we really explain the fact that these are the dimensions any suggestions and there's an honest question to start some discussion going for this how would you define the fact that the square has two dimensions any ideas come on you won't get to PhD in mathematics if you can't say why a square is 2-dimensional when your family ask yes okay that is a very good suggestion I don't it's the most intuitive and in some sense the one we learn at school right so the in in the case of a so that's okay in the case of a one-dimensional segment you basically can identify any position on the segment just by the one parameter right if you have the origin then you have one parameter if you have a square then you have a kind of to two coordinates and in the cube you need three coordinates to specify a point on the cube that's how we intuitively think of dimensions how many coordinates you have so this is a definition that is effective at good in many ways it has a very nice property that it allows to easily generalize to higher dimensions okay even though we cannot visualize we can just think of a higher dimensional space as a five coordinates identifying a point in five dimensional space but it has a problem is that it does not really help us to give any meaning to integer dimensions what is one-and-a-half dimensions two-and-a-half dimensions like any dimension that is not integer what do you need two and a half coordinates it's not really clear how you can do that okay so the purpose often when I give this talk I say that there's a secondary subtext in the talk which is that I would like to show how mathematics really let's face it is much more creative than physics right not no competition we we don't want to set any competition here but I want to illustrate a little bit how the beauty in mathematics part of the beauty of mathematics is really the creation of new ideas and new concepts right and this is I think a beautiful example in which you can really see how you can how a new concept can be created right so the concept here is that we have these dimensions we want to give mean to non-integer dimensions we really need to develop some new ideas for that so I will illustrate a little bit one possibility we'll start ok somewhere to start so let's look at these objects that I want to and three-dimensional and let us see what happens when we stretch these objects by a factor two for example okay so we we take objects which are twice as big in the sense that we stretch like the distance between any two points is twice as much as the previous one okay and you notice that in all three cases the new bigger object is formed up by a certain number of copies of the original object right so here this twice segment that's twice as big is made up of two segments and in this case it's made up four copies of the original and in this case how many copies Hey okay please just warm up and okay so of course it I don't need to tell you you've all been to elementary school and you know that 2 is 2 to the 1 4 is 2 squared + 8 is 2 cubed ok so we'll come back to that in a second let's just see what happens when we do the same thing 3 times so this is made of three copies the square is made of nine copies of the original and the cube is made of 27 copies of the original which again I just say 3 squared and 3 cubed so this may suggest that there is some kind of that the dimension is hidden or it's somehow intrinsic in this property you you you enlarge an object and you see how many copies of the original object are contained right so if you we have not proved anything yet we've just looked at these particular examples but more or less if we were to try to draw some conclusions we would say that if an object has dimension D and we scale it by a factor K we take something that is K times bigger by two times or three times or four times bigger then it constitutes of K to the D copies it is made up of K to the D copies like that's exactly at least the examples we had before so we have this formula N equals K to the D so just to review when dimension equals 1 when K equals 2 we have two copies caicos 3 with 3 copies and so on for the other cases right when dimension 2 we have 2 squared and 3 squared and when dimension 3 is 8 and 27 so this is a formula that at least in the examples we've shown relates the scaling factor the dimension and the number of copies here we load it as a formula for n but of course we can rearrange the formula and we can write it as a formula for D so we can at least hope to use this in some way as a possible definition of the dimension right possibly we can we can say okay look at an object scale it by a factor K count how many copies of the original object are contained in this scale copy and applying this formula and get the dimension okay now this works at least for the examples in 2 & 3 that we gave above let's there's not a technical class I will not prove anything legally but let's take this as a kind of working definition ok and let's suppose that this works and what I want to do is I want to use this definition to construct a dramatic object that has dimensions strictly between 1 & 2 non integer okay it's a very nice construction and we will use this formula and the example I want to give is called a snowflake and it was written out by Wong Hawk in 1904 so it's an odd new very classical thing this is the picture that it looks like it is a curve in some sense but as we shall see it is very very Wiggly curve well and that's what's going to give it the extra dimensionality so to do the construction I want to notice show you first of all that in fact what looks like something that is built on a kind of a circle is actually built on a triangle right so here you really have three sides okay so I'm going to do the construction just on one side then the construction is identical on the three sides okay so we're going to construct this object and then discuss the the dimension of this object so we start with an interval unit interval and then what is the first step in the construction is that we're going to chop this unit interval into three equal parts and replace the middle part so each of these two is one-third this is one-third the middle part is one-third and we delete that and we replace it with a little kind of tent formed by two segments which have exactly the same length okay so now we have we start with a length something of length one and we have something of length four thirds okay this is the first step so I'm going it's very simple while I'm going slowly because soon we're going to speed up and then what we're going to do is we're going to do the same thing on this right so now we have this and we're going to do the same thing on each of these four bits so each of these four sides we're going to chop into three equal parts and then we place the middle part with a little tent okay and we get exactly this so you can see this is the middle part we've replaced it with a with a bit so what is the length of this so we can count exactly right so we can count so that is the first measure first way to measure stuff is to count so we know that each of these lengths is is is one-third right we've divided into three so each of these bits is 1/9 all right so we just count them and we see this 16 and so you see the 16 ninths okay but now we already know that we don't want to keep counting so let's try to make an observation that makes us a little bit smarter and notice that what we did why did we get fourth here because we replaced three segments with four segments all of the same length that's why we got four thirds right and it's the same thing we did here everywhere where we have three segments we replace it with four segments okay so the new length is going to be four thirds of the length we started with okay so in this case this is just going to be 4/3 squared right because the length we started with was 4/3 so we take 4/3 squared ok just to get ready to make it easier the next time round because of course what we're gonna do now is again the same thing okay so now we have 16 small intervals and we're going to take each one so each one is length 1/9 we're going to take each one and divide it into 3 ok so each one's gonna be length 127 ok we have this and we end up with this so this is just the same thing so we've taken each one of these and replaced it by 4 ok and now we can count again still but already we can be clever and see that this is 4/3 times 4/3 which was the length of this times 4/3 of course so it's 4/3 cubed which is 64 27 okay so in particular notice that the length is increasing obviously because we have increasing so how many times can we do that where we can keep doing that and at the end stage we will get a very Wiggly curve made up of a finite number of tiny tiny little segments okay and the length will be 4/3 to the end so there will be 3 to the end each each length of each segment will would be 1 over 3 to the N and there will be exactly 4 to the N such segments okay so we are keeping track exactly what's going on and of course we can continue and we can define which is the only kind of non-trivial technical step here the limit there is a topology in the space of compact sets so called the house of topology but you can define the limit geometric object right so as you continue this construction there's a sequence of compact sets it converges to some compact set which is going to be our object okay which is the limit and notice that the the length and I will come back to them making observation noted that in this limit whatever this object is which is not completely clear it will be some kind of curve to look at it will not look very different from this right because at this stage it's already very difficult to to tell these tiny little intervals right to look at it will look like this but the length if we were to try to measure the length it'd be infinite right because it's a limit of objects all of whose the left for all of whose the length is very well defined and it's getting larger and larger so this is it this is the object we've constructed it okay so now we're going to try to understand it okay in particular with regard to the dimension what dimension does it have does it have some strange dimension well now we have our our method okay and what happens if we scale this by a factor three or two or three or four how many copies remember how we'll approach is to scale it up and see how many copies it is made out of okay so the key observation is the following is that actually if we look at this piece of this object it is exactly a scaled-down version of the full object that if you multiply three times if you scale this by three you get exactly the original object that you can see that because well you can kind of believe that you need to think about a little bit to convince completely convince yourself but you know that this piece is built on something of length one third right because that's where we started the construction right by removing the middle third here so this length from here to here is one-third so when you when you've scaled by a factor three you end up with this horizontal length is exactly the same as the original piece and then if you think about it this horizontal because of the way it's constructed in different stage then each of these pieces exactly one-third of this piece so when you scale it up by one-third you will get that this height here will be exactly that height and you can easily see that you will get when you scale it by three you get exactly the original object that you started with okay and this is not true if you do this with an object at a finite stage of the construction if you do this at a finite stage of the construction then when you scale it up the two scales color spot the two objects are different levels of the construction and you get a different number of hats in each side okay but in the limit that are exactly the same you have hats everywhere you in the limit it's a very weakly object because it does not have any any any segments in it right every time there was a segment at some point you substituted the middle part with a hat so this is extremely this agony object okay so this so this whole thing yes yes no no that's fine I did not go because this requires so that is a you can define the fact that this there is a topology on the space of compact subsets of the plane and in this topology this sequence of compact subsets of the finite stages they're converging to some compact subset of the plane yes well the convergence inside your square so the set is changing and you are converging to some subset of you remain inside your square yes you just convert yes so how many copies so let's think of this so this big copy is three times the little little piece yes and it is formed by a certain number of smaller copies of itself how many copies of itself does it contain four right here one here is the second because this one is also identical because and here is the third and here is the fourth right so you have at the stage one of the construction if you remember we had four segments and then with with each of those we just started the construction exactly the same as we did from the beginning so the the construction when you restrict yourself to each of the four segments we did at the beginning will give you an exact copy of the whole object from the beginning okay so we have here that we have an object a dramatic object which has this remarkable property that if you scale it by a factor of three okay it contains full copies of itself if you remember an object I had one dimension would contain when you scale it by a factor three would contain three copies of itself and a square which has dimension two would contain a four copy would contain when you scale it by factor three would contain eight copies of itself okay but in this case it contains form so now each side contains four copies identities inside of the triangle so I mean each of these own object scale down by a factor three so we can use the formula we had before to compute the dimension and we get log fall of a lot three which is exactly one comma two six one point two six one something okay so this is an object whose dimension at least if we believe that that notion of dimension makes sense we can generalize this formula to an object that has dimension not one and not two but something in between okay and there's many different examples we can play around with lots of different nice cases we can do similar stuff and get objects with many different dimensions so here for example you can do the say you start with an interval and instead you cut off the middle third and instead of just putting a little heart you put a little house instead of putting little tiny put a little ass and then you do the same thing on each so now you have five sides instead of four right then you just repeat exactly the same so on each on each piece you do the same thing and then on each piece say you do the same thing and you have exactly the same argument but here you will have five pieces right and so the numbers are five and three and so you get dimension one point four six four for that and of course you can have many objects which have very different shapes that have the same dimension right just like in one or two dimension the dimension is not related to the shape for example you can do a similar construction here which is quite different from this one here you just take three and you don't actually delete anything you just take your interval right and now you add you still divide it into three equal parts but then you just add these two segments right so you end up with these five parts instead of three and then you do the same thing on each one and then again you just repeat the same and this one actually has exactly the same dimension okay for the same reason this one here also the same so here you can actually divide into five parts one two three five you see and then you sorry for one two three for the original interval so each interval is one for each piece is one-fourth and then you replace it by this structure here so you end up with eight so you replace four by eight so you're actually doubling the length each time and then it's very easy here to see also that you get the dimension is log eight over log four and a couple of simple steps of calculation give exactly one point five this is nice because it's got exactly one and a half times so this is it so as you can see this really opens up a whole new set of geometric figures that were not that Euclid did not realize were possible and we can also so these have these they're constructed in such a way that is easy to apply that formula right I mean the kind of artificial we construct them so that they're very self similar and it's that similarity that we use to actually calculate dimension but notice that if we were nasty we could mess with your mind and change things around right so if you want you can vary the algorithm at different scale so suppose I start with this picture here okay and I do I use this algorithm for 1000 steps okay so I end up with really what looks like this picture made out of millions and millions of tiny little segments okay but still now I can zoom in into one of those segments and I can say okay wait a second after 1000 steps I want to now change the algorithm and I'm gonna start putting the the original snowflake things there right and so then for another million steps I put I construct the snowflake okay so now if I look at the picture like this what I see is this picture okay but then if I take one of these time intervals and i zoom in and I see that on that interval actually it's got the structure of the snowflake and so on and then after 1 million iterations I still have a finite number of segments even though they're very small and I can change the algorithm and I can start doing one of these other examples that I have okay so this would not be self-similar because this is really at different scales you would be seeing different things so this is a very interesting concept this fan we will see some more examples later we're at different scales you see different things okay and in this case it's not clear that we can use this definition of dimension and there is in fact so this is why mathematicians are so good they are not discouraged by this okay so they say okay let's generalize even more these definitions dimension so here enters mr. housetop okay in the end of the eighteen hundred's beginning of 1900 and he developed the notion of house of dimension in 1918 and this definition applies to any set you can use it as not use a self-similarity it's a very powerful definition but it is based very much on that idea and the interesting thing is that it involves the notion of measure so there is a connection between the notion of dimension and the notion of measure all right so let's try to illustrate a little bit so let's go back to our original picture and in the beginning we focus on the dimension but now let's talk about the measure how do we measure the sizes of these objects so you all know that we have lebesgue measure but you all know that we have one dimensional lebesgue measure two dimensional a big measure I did homage to lebesgue measure so when we measure the segment we use length which is one dimensional lebesgue measure when we use cube we use area as a measure of the size of a two-dimensional object and as a measure of the size of a three-dimensional object we use volume right and each of these notions of size goes with the dimension that he comes with because if you try to measure the area or the volume of a segment yeah okay you can do it but you get zero right if you try to measure the size of a volume with length you will get infinity right if you try to say how long it is we try to put a curve that will get infinity okay so if you want something that makes sense you need to use the right measure for all of this and this turns out to be another way into the concept of dimension because in some sense you can say okay well actually the dimension of our object is the one that makes sense for the measure that I'm using okay so the idea of how stuff was very very clever and he defined so each dimension has its own measure and he defined the measure as dimensional measure right now this is a only formula that I have in this talk it's not actually as scary as it looks okay because the idea is very simple you're trying to measure F set set that exists okay and you're trying to find it's s dimensional measure okay so what you do is you take a delta cover of F which means a cover basically by open sets of diameter less than Delta right and then you take the sum of these covers to the power s and then you take the optimal cover so this infamy is you you try to minimize what you can do and then you take four different deltas okay as Delta goes to 0 this turns out to be a monotone sequence so it converges so this is basically always defined okay we were not going to details technicalities but let me point out one simple case for example suppose the set F is just a finite set of points okay if it's a finite set of points then what happens here when s is equal to zero so let's try to measure the zero dimensional measure of this set right so when s is equal to zero this is just one OK for any set UI ok so this sum is just measuring how many sets you need to cover F Delta F okay and if these sets are finite then there will be all isolated points if this if F is finite it constitutes of a set of isolated points so when Delta is small enough what you will need is exactly the number the number of sets that you need would be exactly the number of points that you have and therefore this will be just the number of points that you have okay so it's quite easy to see that the zero dimensional measure is just the number of points that you have on the other hand it's also fairly easy to see if you think about it that the house of measure of a finite set will be 0 for any other s ok once you put s here then this will go to 0 if you have a finite set yes the measure of UI yes so I just want to keep an eye on the time here because I'm not sure the diameter yeah well okay with not less we're supposing really now we're in a Euclidean space let's suppose we're in a subset of a Euclidean space so this this is the metric space the diameter it's all it's not the measure it is the diameter of the set yes so I thank you we don't need any measures it's the diameter of the set so the maximum distance between any two points in the set okay so the crucial my own objective here is not that we try to internalize or digest this formula but my key the key observation that turns out to be really remarkable is the following is that in general there's a cut-off point so if F is an infinite set okay then there will be a particular value which we call s with depends on the point on the measure on the on the set F okay which has this property that if you try to measure with this formula for every s less than s F then the S dimensional measure of F will be infinite and if you try to measure the estimation of measure of this set for any s bigger than s f it will be zero okay this is not that difficult to to see actually but it is like a bit if you think of the one dimensional two dimensional three dimensional measure it's like that right if you if you're using if you're trying to measure something that's two dimensional right and you use lengths to try to measure it it will be infinite if you use volume the measure of this two dimensional object will be zero okay so it means that you're using a dimension that's either too small or too big if you're trying to measure it with a dimension that is too small the size of F will be infinite and if you try to measure it with a dimension that's too big the size will be zero okay so there's a cut off point and this is the most amazing thing so just this simple formula automatically from the properties of the formula Viv's you this cut off and so this is the natural candidate for the dimension of that set okay and this is indeed the definition the house of dimension of this is this cutoff point anything if you measure it so this is the connection between measure and dimension in this way we use measure to establish the dimension so this is gone one step beyond we do not use the self-similarity or very detailed geometric properties this is a very coarse in some sense but it still gives this object so once you establish this dimension then this is the collect dimension for you to use and then you you you use this formula to measure the size of the set with this dimension and then you may still get zero infinity right you may still just like if you use one dimensional lebesgue measure of the whole real line it's still infinite so but you may also get a finite okay so you don't know this is a jump between infinity and zero and this may be either zero or the infinite or finite okay so this really is the first part of my talk which is to do with the definition with the concept of dimension and the way that mathematicians have been able I think in a really fascinating way to develop some really quite amazing ideas to generalize the concept of dimension so I promise in the title some also something about factors in nature and mathematics so in the second half of the talk I want to talk a little bit about this so why this is not just have an abstract interest in some sense it really has relevance both in nature and in mathematics so one of the people who mostly advocated the relevance of these concepts of fractal dimensions in nature was Mandelbrot and he was a physicists French physicist and he wrote a book in 1982 called the factor geometry of nature which is a very remarkable book I claimed and in this book he says I claim that many patterns of nature so irregular and fragmented that compared with standard geometry nature exhibits not simply higher degree but an altogether different level of complexity so it's saying when you look at for example the clouds and you try to describe the shape of the clouds it's not just lots of tiny little combination of triangles and squares and Pentagon's and stuff like that you know it's not really Euclidean geometry is not the right approach there's a different level of complexity that requires a different kind of geometry right and he basically it's very easy to see many examples of objects in nature even here you know in trees you have a kind of self similarity in the sense that if you break off a branch and you don't know what scale you that it's not easier always to say whether this is a branch or whether this is the whole tree there's this kind of self similar structure of course not a full asymptotic one as we have in mathematics but you have lots of examples you cut off a piece and it looks like the whole piece so one of the most what what is it besides his observation what can you do you know make an interesting remark about this and one of the most interesting things that he talked about is that he argued that many objects have a factor structure and therefore how do you measure their size we just saw that when you measure something the dimension is related to your measurements right I mean you cannot just measure something without keeping a two dimension and one of his examples is he wrote an article back she was published in 1967 in science called how long is the coast of Britain and he made a very important point in that and I will try to illustrate that point so we're gonna use the coast of Italy okay and suppose you want to measure some you know like from the top to the bottom like from Trieste to Messina so either the very tip okay so we have Google Maps these days we can actually try some measurements so a very first rough approximation is just a is not the coastline it's just the the distance as the crow flies as they say and according to Google Maps this is 843 kilometers but of course that's not a very good approximation you can do much better by trying to follow the coast at a certain scale and according to my own tracing you get already much much bigger value of 1,400 kilometers but you can try to be a little bit more the size right look at the boundaries a little bit better you get something larger 1,500 kilometers you can be even more try to be even more precise and you get almost 1,700 kilometers but you know where you stop so now if you continue look at a little piece and you actually try to go into a bit more careful of course this is always going to increase right because I am replacing what looks like just state curves I'm following the contours of the coast a little bit more and I can even go a little bit more you know and I can so where do I stop so at some point you end up really wondering exactly where the land ends and where the sea begins right it's actually not even clear once you get to a sufficiently small scale where exactly dudes or the boundary you know if you could even if you could if the sea was frozen at some point you still would have to go around all the boundaries of these of these stones and of these logs and you would end up getting a very very large value so it's really I think Mandelbrot thought and I think within that this is a non-trivial issue when we say that you know Great Britain or Norway or Italy has so many kilometers of course how exactly are this costs measured you know and can we get into competition between different countries so the length of the coastline really depends on the scale at which it is measured okay so Mandelbrot's idea as far as I can understand don't know that I really understand this exactly completely but his idea well you know that these coastlines they have a kind of facto structure yeah so although you cannot go to infinite details like you do with the mathematical construction you can look at the way these the size increases as you look at large and larger scale and you can kind of approximate a kind of dimension for this coastline right so his suggestion was to think of the coastline as a factor okay and in some approximate physicists way I'm not physicists are good for something I'm not saying that this you know find some way to say that we can make sense of the fact that you know to some approximate little organism liquid approximation and then once we've got the dimension maybe you can use the house of measure okay is the correct measure to estimate the cost okay to be honest I'm not exactly sure how whether he did it or someone did it but according to Wikipedia the dimension of the cost of written is 1.43 and the house of measure with this dimension is 28,000 kilometers and there's a page on Wikipedia that has the length of the coastlines of all countries but this one is the only one where I it's not clear what scaled is a measure that there's a remark that says we don't know which scale because there's not like a standardized way of measuring the coastline and I did not find the value of this measurement of the house of dimension for different countries I think someone must have tried to do it or do it anyway this is just you know just to show you the kind of approach you can take in these kind of situations I guess so yes you're right you're right in fact now that I think of it that's how it's written in Wikipedia's kilometer it's not kilometers not kilometer squared but it's kilometer to the 1.43 I forgot to put that your life yes okay so this is really some ways some possible ways in which these factor dimensions and fractal measures can come into into our understanding our perception of our measurement of the real world as opposed to the even more real world of mathematical objects and fractal objects do occur naturally in many areas of mathematics my field is dynamical system so I will restrict to that and I want to give some examples here there's some very very nice pictures and I want to explain a little bit in what context there lies so one of the most well-known is when you have a map of the complex plane to itself and in particular the simplest is just a map F of Z goes to Z squared so I think that'll you've seen this before thing those of you who took my course we mentioned this at some point and relevant here is the unit circle in the complex plane right because as you know when you take Z squared if you have a point whose absolute value whose norm is bigger than one so if it's outside the unit square then its image is bigger than at the point right because the distance from when you take the Z squared the the modulus of the distance increases when you take squared so this means that if you apply the F iterate many times then the positive value of this point is moving away from the origin is moving to infinity in fact right so if you take a point that's outside the unit square and you iterate it it will move somewhere that is further away and then further away and then further when will kind of move to infinite if you take a point that is inside the unit square then it moves further inside okay and it's easy to see zero as a fixed point and in this particular case you take a point inside it will move it will do some kind of spiraling in towards you okay and on the other hand if you take a point that's on the unit square then it will remain on the unit square okay so the unit square is an invariant set everything inside also remains bounded stays zero everything outside I will not be cool and ask my students what happens on the unit square but those of you who remember we studied as a very interesting dynamic slide it's a period doubling 2x mod 1 very chaotic and very interesting dynamics on the unit square but we will not this is not the focus on my talk but there's a lot of interesting dynamics that goes with these concepts but for the moment I just want to introduce in this context definition which is the Julia set ok and the jr. set of the map F in this case it's equal to the unit circle and it is the topological boundary of the set of points whose future orbits remain bounded week I'm giving this formal definition because I want to apply the same definitions in some more general situations in a moment but you can see here that that's right this one so in this case remain bounded forever in future time right so all the points outside the unit circle their orbits do not remain bounded because when you iterate the converge to infinity ok on the other hand all the points on the unit Square and inside the unit square they either stay they all stay within the unit square we saw the unit circle so the daily main bounded so the boundary is exactly the unit square ok so this is my definition of the Julia set which I will use so now things get interesting when you add a little term to that squared plus something small right so imagine you take a very small place number and now we want to iterate this map Z squared plus C where C is very small okay so it might be very small but it creates a lot of mess because suppose C is a real number for example but suppose C is some epsilon real epsilon okay then what happens is if you are the point here on this side if your image so you take some point Z on the unit circle for example right then you take is that squared and then suppose that squared is on this side and you add C so you're pushing the point a little bit outside the circle okay but now suppose that you're on this side and then you're pushing it always to the right if C is positive suppose P is some small positive real number then what it means is that you took it we take that squared and you push it a little bit to the right in the positive direction okay so when you're on this side you tend to be pushing it away from the circle but then when you're on the other side you tend to be pushing it inside towards the circle okay so for the points that are far from the unit circle so if you take a point that is very far from the unit circle this C will be negligible so these points will still be just moving to infinity as before and if you take points that are very close to zero also when you take Z squared they will move in a lot and the effect of this C will be negligible okay the problem is that points that are close to the unit circle because then this C can push them off to one side towards the outside or to the inside and what happens is the question okay and it's not at all obvious what happens in this case and what happens is really really interesting is that you still get the Julia set so you still get a bouncy so you still get some points that remain bounded you still get some points that they made that move to infinity and the boundary is still a kind of closed curve but it has dimensions strictly greater than one okay so what you get with C small is you get here you still get something that looks a little bit like a circle but this time it is a bit like the snowflake so it's very very jagged E okay and that's because of the uncertainty of the sea because you take a point very close here and you try to determine whether it's going to be inside or outside in other words where that's going to be eventually going to be one of the points that remains bounded or eventually one of the points that goes to infinity and it's very hard to decide and they if you change the point a little bit like this point maybe stays the obits states bounded but then there's a point very close by a bit to the left or bit to the light and under the orbit of Z squared the iterates do different things and eventually this one stays bound and this one leaves so anyway you get a picture where the boundary has this fact or structure which means if you take a point close to this boundary it's very hard for you to tell if it's on the inside or the outside because it is kind of zigzagging all the time okay that's the difficulty there so let me show you some examples of other Julia sets if you take you don't even need to take this is still a little bit like you can see this almost as a perturbation of the circle right this is still also something like this this is see is not that small either see 0.25 plus 0.52 right the complex number and reiterating this map and it turns out that when you iterate this map you have this set of points whose orbit stays inside here all the time so States bounded you have these points outside whose orbit eventually mostly infinity and then you have the Julia set which is the boundary between these two sets which has a factor which has dimension strictly greater than one okay so this is one example and you can see that this is a little bit like a perturbation of the circle okay you start the circle and you start patterning it has certain structure there's many many different pictures this here is force equals minus 0.5 plus 0.5 I okay and you also get something that has is a little bit like a perturbation of the circle and then as you as you move around your complex parameter C for each complex parameter C you can construct the Julia set and you get the most incredible fascinating pictures I'm sure many of you have seen many of them before you can for them and as you can see bigger some things can change so you also can get some strange situations like this is called a dendrite because it does not have any points any kind of interior right so the Julia said by definition is the boundary but here it coincides all the points that remain bounded are actually in the Julia set so it does not contain any boundary and you can also when sea is getting a little bit bigger get a counter set so this Julia set fragments so what was a kind of circle with a very fact or boundary it starts it starts getting into very strange shape and then it breaks apart completely okay and really quite extraordinary fact is that every single Julia set is either connected like the examples we say before or totally disconnected which means it's a canto set okay it never breaks up into two pieces so either it is just one connected piece or it is a cantos yes excuse me okay that's a very good question I was going to I was going to comment on that the colors are somewhat artificial they are made but you can they do have some dynamical significance so points that are very close to the boundary they take a long time to leave right so points that are on the outside they define by the fact that eventually the hope is go to infinity so basically most of the time these colors are based on that that the level sets so they show that points that are within a certain band they take a certain number of iterations the closer you get and the more time it takes to escape and that's how the colors are usually some of the people who who taught these colors might use all the methods to to ask the computer to color things in certain way but that's that's the most usual way to do that yes yes this is this is of that form that we had before it's just F Z squared plus C okay for different values of C okay in fact this theorem makes it very natural to say okay if every julius egg is either connected or totally disconnected which values of c correspond to which of the two cases okay and you can draw a map of the complex plane where every point is labeled as to whether the Julia set is connected but it's totally disconnected okay and you get a beautiful picture like that this is sometimes called the Mandelbrot set this is exactly the set of parameters C for which the Julia set is connected okay and it looks like that it looks like this means it's the black part okay the outside is the Julia sets which are disconnected okay it turns out that the Mandelbrot set there's lots of properties that have been studied there was a huge amount of work done specially in the 90s but there are still many interesting open questions on this it is known that this mandible that is connected itself okay and it is known that it is closed so the boundary of this mandible said the Julia said it's still connected okay but as you cross the boundary that's when the Julia said breaks up into a cantos and breaks up into pieces okay as you cross the body the zero is here exactly so this is the real quadratic family this is the this is the real plane this is I think it's symmetric respect to the real to the real axis here and zero you see this is minus 1/4 and this is plus two it's tippier yes just to give you minus two sorry minus 2 and plus 1/4 yes sorry minus 2 and plus 1 for the depends on the parameterization of the family and this I can't clear anyway yes this is the scale of this point so it's a it's a kind of it between minus 2 and plus 1/2 this is the kind of region of parameter values so for more it's a relatively small containing a relatively small area and there's a people as I said specially in the 90s do ID your cause many mathematicians studied in detail so many properties of this Mandelbrot set and the corresponding Julia sets is really fascinating fairly there is a kind of really it's a kind of landscape like there's a geometry to the different regions of the Mandelbrot set people literally explode because the different regions give rise to different Julia sets that have different structure specialists in the subject that do not include me look at the Julia set and the shape of the Julia said in this area it comes from it comes from somewhere here you know and they there are different shapes of the Julia set just the one theorem that I want to mention with which was related to what we've been talking about to the dimension is that she she kula in a big paper that was published in the annals of mathematics he proved that the bounteous house top dimension to the boundary okay even though it's a kind of a curve okay you expect it to have kind of house of dimension one point something it actually has house of dimension two even though it kind of feels like a curve right so something can still have houses of dimension to it is one something in house of dimension to it could potentially have positive so house of dimension 2 then the house of measure is lebesgue measure 2 right and if something is house of dimension 2 it could potentially have positive 2-dimensional Abegg measure and this is an open question it is not known still it's one of the main outstanding open questions it is not known if the boundary of the of the Mandelbrot set has positive dimension I think people believe not but I'm not sure that there's a very clear reason why it should have one you know positive or not measure anyway what did I want to say yes I just this is this is it in all its glory and I will just finish first with some pictures they're really beautiful pictures that you get zooming into the Mandelbrot set and again these colors of course the colors make a big difference to how much we appreciate the pictures and as you said and the colors can also be given some kind of dynamical meaning but I don't know if some of these are just colored in a way just to make them more nicer to look at I'm not sure but you really get very nice pictures now the Mandelbrot set and the jr. sets they're not completely self-similar but they do have some self similarity so often as you zoom in you get small copies of the whole thing or almost copies lights so here like here you see there's like a little something that looks a little bit like the Mandelbrot set and when you zoom in you get all these different copies and you get these really and here you get one copy and in fact you can find on YouTube some videos and I prepared one just to finish a little video of zooming all right so you can draw this you can take different pictures and you can zoom in so let me just see if I can of this this is a video of the Mandelbrot set and zooming in and seeing the different structures that you get at different scales as a little man they're both sad turning up at a much smaller scale is another little one there and then I've been told that we can make this even a bit more exciting by I can't remember what I was supposed to press it was something that speeded it up I can't remember what it was anyway I mean yeah there we go we want to make us dizzy going at the speed of light here it is so vague it's gotta have positive lebesgue measure it's a Mandelbrot set do you like it yeah yeah you can ask your mom and dad to take it home and wash it in the evening okay well thank you very much in fact all sets yes but I'm not maybe there's other people here who would know better than me I think you can do a lot of stuff on facto sets but I am NOT an expert but I think there has been done some stuff you can certainly do a lot of facto sets and there's a huge amount of mathematical theory on object that have fact all dimensions yes that's a good question I would presume certainly yes but I cannot say that I have that I have immediately and my fingertips justification of proof of that but I think undoubtedly yes yes it's a good question yes thank you mostly spoke about deterministic object constructions I know that there are statistical notions of factors what's the connections with what you presented what do you mean by statistical notions of like objects that have fractal properties but not like their statistical properties behave in a fractal way and they have factor G mentions in there I don't know in their statistics in some way so can you come in I'm not sure what do you mean what I can say and I don't know if this is what you're referring to is that for example in dynamical systems where you study the statistical properties of the dynamics the fractal structures occur very naturally even in such systems as simple legs examples like 2x mod 1 or 10x mod 1 which we did in our course well even in this case like in f of Z equals Z squared when I talked about the dynamics there the dynamics is very rich and different points of different orbits and you can for example say ok look at all the orbits that have a certain statistical behavior and that set of orbits will have a factor measure and a factor of dimension right so there's definitely a connection between these two in many dynamical systems where you look at the set of points that have certain statistical behavior and that's connected to the to the fractal structure and geometric structure of that set of points left that's the closest I can get to that very naive questions all the examples that you have seen shown can be sort of represented on a screen or on a sheet it's something that to ask us to suggest something flat let's see thank you yes no that's a very good question in fact absolutely you can do it in any dimension so there's many I did not show the pictures but in the same way that we constructed the snowflake there are examples you can take there's something which I call I think it's called the sierpinski sponge so you take a cube right and then you remove a middle third and then you cut it into cubes and then you remove middle toes from each one and then you you you take what's left and you you remove all the cubes and you're left with something that still looks like a cube but it's complete or fill of air it has dimensions strictly less than 3 right but it's like a sponge so it has no volume so jokingly people call it there's something like a Swiss cheese or something you know you can sell it and you're cheating because there's no actual cheese in it but it's you know it's empty but it looks like cheese but you know there's many examples you can construct just as well examples in for three-dimensional objects and for arbitrary dimension for money yes yes yeah yeah you can remove n minus 1 dimensional cubes in a way that basically it's ultimately it's a bit like the construction of the canto set where you just remove intervals you know in the examples we gave we we made a dramatic object by adding pieces but the Cantor set itself I didn't give that example the Cantor set itself has dimension between 0 and 1 right and you can calculate this dimension the the middle third Cantor said you just remove the middle third and then the middle third from each one and it has the self similarity and you can use that formula to calculate the dimensions so using that that calculation with that algorithm is very easy in any dimension you just remove pieces and you get something yeah with smaller factor dimension thank you [Applause] | ICTP Mathematics | UC-akozxNLMPcMcs0qVvS1VQ | 2019-05-22 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 10,042 | 51,625 |
tLEo-dQGTi8 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tLEo-dQGTi8 | Spectating SWEATY Warzone Quads | Cold War Warzone | oh yo i hit holy [ __ ] do you see a slang i found them bro i got to see them wait wait wait wait bros yeah that kid was listening but he's literally [Music] somewhere in downtown his ass it's like [ __ ] oh wait he knocked it i might not do that though level 41 bro that's the way this is the dude's been sniping the [ __ ] out of us bro and i see a new hezy tweet and it's a screenshot of this game but i will start just posting [ __ ] why are you shooting them what the [ __ ] is this telling to help no [Music] their whole team has zero kills except for pioneer pete drop bro nice bullet drop [Music] yes it is bro you can shoot that [ __ ] fast bro [Music] oh hey this is look at his body he's dancing this lobby what the [ __ ] [Music] he know he got that [ __ ] street sweeper that's uh yeah he's something he's somebody's getting put in the [ __ ] aim for the hollows that's actually good though with blue dot yeah you know he doesn't even have blue and then he's gonna oh my god [Music] what is he doing he's turning his ax on too [Music] that's like the tracer bullets pack that's the default one has a lightweight suppressor let's see if our boy billy mac is streaming bro i don't think he does no he's got the new playpark in the secondary well look how look how his screen is shaking look he's just on the keyboard he did stand still for about five seconds nah bro he's just on keyboard doesn't have a mousepad [Music] let's go oh my god do [ __ ] really play like this is this a honeycomb tourney bro i didn't even know there was a building like this bro no i didn't know this building spectating video dropping tomorrow what's the word this is the play bro yo if we die to some rocks bro we gotta spectate them every time but i feel like yes this [ __ ] is more fun than playing the game jesus i understand why people watch jeff's videos as [ __ ] spectacular focus just [ __ ] yells like does he not know just sitting there is going to make him just more vulnerable to die bro this dude's this dude's patience is unmatched bro there's no way they have enough to buy both of their teammates back and they're not buying [ __ ] he's not gonna play his own he's been a war zone for about like you could tell he's been a war zone for a week he hasn't played in like a year because he's had c4s wait dylan why the [ __ ] he's level five with diamond attack particles prestige one realize the level resets you [ __ ] rock [Music] oh always grabbing his boy oh [ __ ] that might be the cheaters bro yo look at his movement bro the movements yo crouch wait wait wait wait wait i think that's right that's the team damn we missed the whole game though yo yeah cause this kid wiped the [ __ ] lobby oh yo honestly bro i i invited five people watching watching my boy nate is better than watching a cheater this year he is locked up now you know what the problem is bro because that's the aim act you get when you buy the tracer pack bro he didn't [Music] oh [Music] whoa i want to watch dragons bro you turn this [ __ ] off i'm on the dragons dragons this [ __ ] just tried to wall bang through the birthday bro oh he's a he's a [ __ ] animal bro yo we all got to go to game chat after this bro this dude is tracing gas pumps through a gas pump brown [Applause] oh [Music] gosh that's right i just ruined your [ __ ] night shut up it's a free game that might have been the most one-for-one [ __ ] i've ever heard in my life he goes i don't know he sounds like no yo bro yo he goes i just ruined your [ __ ] night it's a free game because i just ruined | Konpu | UCmgeiOO6ISyYYkbh4QSg2uQ | 2021-05-07 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 696 | 3,796 |
6ZCAueuCU9s | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6ZCAueuCU9s | The Earthquake in Chile | Wikipedia audio article | the earthquake in Chile German das erdbeben in Chile is a novella written by Heinrich von Kleist 1777 to 1811 and published in 1807 the novellas central characters are two lovers caught up in the chaos of the 1647 Santiago earthquake in Chile topic synopsis the story begins with the lead character Geronimo Roo Guerra preparing to hang himself in prison in Santiago in 1647 Roo Guerra had been a tutor at the house of Don Astron but Don Astron dismissed him upon a strand discovery of an illicit relationship between his daughter and Geronimo Geronimo and Joseph continued their relationship and were soon discovered by Joseph E's brother Don astron sends Joseph to a convent where she and Geronimo continued their relationship until one day Joseph gave birth on the steps of the Cathedral the city folk are excited by this story Geronimo was sent to prison and Joseph was scheduled to be executed as the procession marched towards the execution site Geronimo prepares to hang himself at this moment a strong earthquake destroys much of the city freeing Geronimo from prison despite his fears that Joseph had already died he begins to search for her and is later reunited with her and their son Phillip on her way to her execution as the earthquake strikes Joseph rescues her son from the convent where she had entrusted him to an Abbess the Abbess and most of the nuns are dead Joseph had spent much of the day searching for Geronimo and fearing him dead they plan to travel to concepción chile where joseph has family and from there to spain the following morning the couple is approached by Don Fernando who asks Joseph to breastfeed his son one since his wife Donna Elvira has been injured in the earthquake she complies and Don Fernando invites the reunited family to join his own they are greeted as friends and exchange stories and rumors of the happenings in Santiago Geronimo and Joseph decide to go to concepción and write to the Viceroy of Santiago to ask permission to stay in Chile that afternoon a service as to be held at the lone surviving Church in Santiago and the party aside from Donna Elvira and her father Don Pedro decides to attend Donna Elvira appears to fear for Joseph's ease and Geronimo's safety but Don Pedro feels that Donna Elvira's fears are misplaced they attend the service the sermon compares the earthquake to God's destruction of sodom and gomorrah and speak specifically of Joseph and Geronimo sin Donna Constanza Don Fernando's sister-in-law recognizes the danger but before the party can make their escape someone calls out identifying Joseph as the adulteress and accusing Don Fernando of being Geronimo Joseph who is holding Don Fernando's son Juan is grabbed by the crowd the crowd assumes one as Joseph E's baby Don Fernando identifies himself and attempt to rescue Joseph a naval officer don alonso identifies Don Fernando but hesitates when a cobbler asks about Joseph Joseph gives one and Philip who was being held by Geronimo to Don Fernando and tells him to leave and save the children but he refuses and borrows don alonso sword the crowd allows them to leave and just as they think it's safe to enter the courtyard a man claims that he has Geronimo's father and Club's Geronimo over the head Dona Constanza who had been walking with Geronimo runs to Don Alonso but has mistaken for Joseph and is also clubbed to death seeing this Joseph gives herself up to the crowd and has clubbed by the cobbler master pedrão Don Fernando defends the children with his sword but eventually his son one is torn from his grasp and bashed against a pillar the crowd disperses and Don Fernando is left with Philip whom he adopts as his own child with Donna Elvira at the conclusion Don Fernando compares one and Philip and considers how he had acquired them and remarks it almost seemed to him that he should be glad topic characters geronimo ruh Guerra a Spaniard the lover of Joseph Joseph astron daughter of the richest nobleman in the city the lover of Geronimo Philip the son of Geronimo and Joseph Don Fernando Ormus an acquaintance of Joseph husband of Donna Elvira Donna Elvira Don Fernando's wife one Donna Elvira and Don Fernando's son Don Pedro Donna Elvira's father Dona Isabel a relation of Don Fernando Dona Constanza sister of Donna Elvira master pedrão a cobbler don alonso an acquaintance of don fernando and joseph a naval officer don Henrico astron father of joseph topic film Helmuth Sanders Brahms wrote and directed a telefilm of this story in West Germany in 1975 | wikipedia tts | UCzarwQFaTMe7t6SoGgLHBwA | 2019-06-13 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 788 | 4,521 |
3BepDD2zpLY | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3BepDD2zpLY | When is violent rhetoric against the law? | given the whole recent gford shooting I I don't know law I mean I like I haven't studied law on a higher level but I do have to wonder at what point does violent rhetoric become punishable you know by the same way you know a death threat you can you know be punished by the law for that why is it okay to say don't kill all the Liberals leave a few of them alive why is that okay I'm not saying death threat should be okay I'm saying violent speech like that from people who reach thousands millions of people some of whom might not be entirely stable why is that okay I don't understand that I'm not usually the type trust me there are not very many people who are going to be as big fans of freedom of speech as me I don't care almost no matter what you say but in this and and I'm also usually not the type to say the majority has to you know do such and such just because of this minority who you know can't handle it usually you know when it comes to like children who might be affected well that's kind of the parents job let's not take away a proper expression you know culture from the rest of us just because the kids won't be able to handle it well okay don't you know put it up on billboards where they can see just let the parents keep their children away from stuff like that but in this regard I do have to say I mean there is no driver's license to you know there's no license to listen to the radio or to watch something on TV it's more it's it's easier to you know there's less censorship of language of violent language in journalistic if you can call it that Fox News and stuff like that than there is of you know violence and especially sex in Hollywood movies can someone explain the logic here can someone just tell me why exactly there is why is it okay to say you know grab your gun and you know be ready to why is that okay yeah I'd like to know if someone has some kind of explanation | Solid shows, feels films & great games | UCcbQhGfazPkanEpJVaxyAdg | 2011-01-14 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 383 | 1,910 |
VUeFuJaxlA4 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VUeFuJaxlA4 | REACTION: Best Weed Rants by Stephen A Smith Compilation | so this Steven Naismith the we grant you months gone with deal with them you couldn't stay off the weed in this country alcohol that's worth this kind of money coming up with excuses and give them passes to nothing short of flagrant idiocy no stride I'm sitting in how many times do I have to say I need to do it again stay off the weed do I look disgusted enough and I'm going to repeat this over the last several years and the vast majority of them then the Oldham a black really really your livelihood the weed really but you know something else because laughing but he's got his money and last time I checked he ain't getting busted for using we Le'Veon Bell have to be two of the stupidest individuals that I haven't counted on this day and you are just stroll down the street with a woman in the car y'all get pulled over all three of y'all say oh it's mine a weed was mine weed I don't even know I mean it's all of them I give them credit for that Lisa they try to deny that it was theirs who are you Snoop Dogg and agree it has been made very very clear regardless of the idiots in America who sit there and try to come to these dudes defense acting like nothing wrong with it or whatever the NFL says there's something wrong with it they ban it you're not allowed to use it I have never ever ever seen a joint or some weed in my life that is worth millions I don't know how many times I have to stay inexcusable and it is unforgivable I hope I hope they get suspended for more I can't believe these dudes I just can't believe I can't believe mr. Potato Head is man what I wish we start doing I want a big fat picture Josh Gordon next to it five million dollars and then I want the screen wiped away blocked weed because you can't get off the weed you've lost millions of dollars y'all ain't getting me to feel sorry for nobody like that oh really really no I'm gonna do it I'm not doing I'm done I'm done for all the brothers out there oh he's getting real you don't hear too much about white folks or all the folks get into trouble over we come on TV you come on national TV Oh Stephen eh look out for what confiscated take us from you because you can't stay off the weed hell no skip is just like okay dude another test another one how in God's name do you know that you are going to be a first-round pick in the NFL if you know you're going to be a first-round picks get then that means you know that millions could potentially be at stake and you can't stay what it is he gets a letter from the NFL and he's nervous because he thinks it's going to be something positive from a team or whatever no drug test and his father opens the letter to see that you failed the drugs really and I Got News for you clearly you smoke weed frequently if you are worried because how would you test positive some stuff about how he used it last in December oh stop but it cannot happen if you can't stay off the weed fools idiots who sit up there and text and tweet you know yo man what's the problem what's wrong with smoking a little it's illegal oh why can't we because they said some period and said that's all that matters they have millions to offer you can't smoke we gave me a million bucks I would definitely stop smoking you chose mr. potato forehead you can see the light shining off don't listen to them get off the wheel stop doing it and by the way what if you took what he said into account skip do you know what that means that means you were doing it Randy Gregory I knew I can't imagine friend you got busted for that got caught part of it pulling millions what's the we really know chill I think they should have been made to stand up before the reporters and answer questions as to their you know as to this stupidity because that's it was nothing but stupidity but let's also acknowledge that they got pulled over by a cop on a motorcycle who said they drove by him and he could smell the the weed skip where were they going they were on their way to the airport for the Steelers game against the Eagles last night so let me get this straight you're about to hop on the plane and route to a plane ride where your coach is going to be on it you didn't even have a decency so way to tell you landed it oh no no no you are on your way to the plane where ostensibly the coach is going to be and you're getting high in the middle of the afternoon no probably going to see the coach I don't know how much more disrespectful that could be I don't know how stupid okay that can be I'm saying that's not what they mean when they bring it up skip they're talking about using it recreationally wanting to get high that's what they're not talking about who's gonna leave you the dock they get some other medicine it awesome cuz I'm in such pain that's why I want to smoke some weed weed for recreational purposes because let me tell you that right now there's a whole but to do today in the football they ain't an ass the football league smokers a week what they doing it for it's for recreational purposes stresses in the strain of everyday life and that's why I use it y'all trying to tell me that's a medical condition what the commissioner roger goodell and have him give me quotes about we're looking into the purpose stop stop it if you're gonna use it shut up and you if I knew that they tested it past OTAs and trained a kid why don't you shut the hell up would you say something for just go ahead and do it I'm saying if you are Antonio Cromartie or any NFL player or any professional athlete shut up just go ahead and do it if you ain't getting you ain't get busted for because if you get away with it from a public perspective we're as an as a society we sit there and say it's okay that we are giving the license to people to get high what my take number one is just because he wasn't corps don't leave does not mean that he should be absolved why because josh gordon clearly has a problem whether it's the weed or its alcohol i don't think that any of those drugs are workers or other countries which is what he was getting paid if somebody gets busted with that it's kind of hypocritical for you to then come back and be like well you weren't supposed to do that okay but it is what it is because I had ignorant folks calling up a radio show on Sirius XM and Beyond talking about what's the big deal with weed alcohol whatever the kids me in the case of weed is legal in two states for medicinal purposes you can use it 23 the 26 states is something that you cannot do and you want to receive a paycheck from these people stop trying to find excuses to skirt around it there are some things we're going to explain look Danny cuz I said so Cleveland Brown is too nice for you anymore you have to handle your business you know from the world where you know what do you think what do you think I feel stay off the weed good Lord thank the good Lord I am on FCC Airways thank you damn Chris did not help Adrian Peterson's case in any way shape not at all thank you very stupid skiff finally said something oh my god I had so much fun making that video for some weed oh yeah skips there huh oh my god that was definitely one of my favorite videos to watch and to make I like watching it myself so let me know what you think give me a comment below let me know if you liked what I did if you don't like what I had to say let me know and if you want more videos thank you | Sathish Sekar | UCCuGIYFc-sBJEgVGyZSsmGw | 2016-11-06 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 1,469 | 7,383 |
eFLYrvvvAgs | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eFLYrvvvAgs | Bio 21 Homeopathic Tablets for Baby Teething || Bioplasgen 21 | for babies teething difficulties and problems bio 21 tablets are used worldwide for the treatment of different causes and diseases many homeopaths prescribed bio plasmon 21 homeopathic tablets to uses on a daily basis uses of bio 21 tablets baby's face teething troubles when they reach the age of six months that s the time when a baby needs more attention most of the mothers become Restless because of their babies to homeopathic bio 21 tablets should start by the age of six months and it s helpful for both genders babies common symptoms of baby teething baby teething process starts from the six months age and difficulty level ends after 24 months of age common symptoms of the baby teething process of swollen gums irritability discomfort baby put fingers in the mouth to reduce the pain mental unease bringing hands to the mouth again and again mouth rashes and skin irritation drooling common baby teething problems actually when a child starts the teething process they might have to face a lot of worse conditions on a daily basis it s mostly due to the difficult process of teething Comyns problems are fever diarrhea running nose cough fussy behavior rashes vomiting dosage of bioplasma in 21 if the child is at the starting of the teething process or baby is between 4 to 6 months then you can give two tablets of bio 21 thrice a day but if the baby is above the age of 6 months then 2 to 4 tablets 4 times a day | Homeopathicology | UC-ZruHDPQofw2z0uC1k6new | 2020-04-21 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 257 | 1,427 |
0tQYun29Qu0 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0tQYun29Qu0 | Thai Steamed Fish with Lime & Chilli Recipe | Thai Food Emporium | Hi guys and welcome to Thai food Emporium Today we're cooking up pla neung manao which is steamed fish with lime and chillies And today we're using fish which is the Asian sea bass or barramundi fish and To get this it's gonna be steamed with an infusion here of lime juice Galangal Garlic, lots of garlic to make sure we get the flavors coming out Chillies for that extra spiciness, we've got coriander root and fresh limes to give it the flavor then we've got fish sauce and We've got syrup, which is just sugar with water and then we've got the coconut sugar Here we have the rest of the coriander plant. We've got the leads in the roots Okay, and first of all, we want to get the water steaming up so that we're ready for the next step So let's just turn this on Get it of reasonably low temperature and get that water going there Okay. So first up we're going to chop up the garlic and next up we're gonna put the garlic into the mortar here If you don't have a mortar, you can use a blender instead next goes the galangal into the mortar and Start pounding Get a nice rhythm going with your pestle, chop them up. so you get a nice mush in there Okay, now we're gonna chop in the coriander root, chop it up nice and fine And pop this also in too Okay, grab your Chili's here and you don't need to cut them up too much Just cut them into smaller bits. They're quite small in a way and then pop those straight into our mortar Start crushing those, just watch out your eyes here any bits might flip up Okay, and we're going to add the lime juice at this point so that we get the nice colors in there Plenty of juice in there And next we're gonna get the coconut sugar in there get all your solids in there Nice good, rhythm Just one spoonful of the Syrup and two spoonfuls of fish sauce It's about right now and watch out, it's going to fly everywhere. So you just need to let that mix in and then in with the most important ingredient four spoonfuls of lime juice This is gonna have a nice sharp taste, let's have a little taste of this Whoa, yeah That's sharp. That's how you want it to be you want it to be really strong because this is gonna steam with the fish And if we look at the fish here, it's been gutted already. I've taken a nice big slice down the length of the fish So those sauces are gonna really infuse and we're gonna grab some of this coriander and Put that in the belly of the fish and this just helps to take the fishy flavor. It helps to get a really nice fragrance inside the fish And when we go with the fish, it's nice and steamy in there And leave that the statement 15 minutes And now we're trying to put it onto the plate and we're just going to put some final touches just to garnish the fish or some extra slices of lime just in case it's not sharp enough It's actually very simple to do as you can see. It looks impressive But it's not too difficult to make. That's a great combination for a dish that you want to try at home Vince I get him mix a little bit of rice Hmm oh Yeah, it's got a perfect balance of sharpness spiciness sweetness And I wish you could taste it here, but you're gonna have to try it yourselves at home You | Thai Food Emporium | UCdQsokpRpKwoVan_D-ff4Lg | 2018-11-19 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 626 | 3,164 |
SNGm7v-pLco | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SNGm7v-pLco | Fortnite News - EPIC TALK NEW MAPS & EVOLVING CURRENT MAP! | why is going on guys welcome back to the channel and I appreciate you being here today I am back with another fortnight news video and today we have some interesting things to talk about I assure you but hey before we get into that do you want to win some V books if so I'm doing it by 2800 per week to be move a chance to win simply make sure you are subscribed to this channel and have that bow button ticked drop a like on this video and leave a comment down below if you are pick to win you will receive a debit to message from me so good luck everybody ok so firstly let's talk about maps and the moment there are many who believe we will be getting a new map or a drastic changes to the current map and these will be coming in the near future a lot of these beliefs back from theories of that meteor moving the sky destroying the map whether it wipes the map completely out or you'll see Ferb's it so to speak we can't quite make a mind up I do believe that meteor Venus keidel will do something whether it will cause jurassic changes or wipe out the map completely it's a different question I ain't sure to be honest well to date I bring you word from epic themselves and the future and or if we will be getting a new map or changes to the current map in a recent interview of IGN who sat down with at the games the following question among others were asked so we've player annoys bargains they are working on their third map and maps to way forward with fortnight battle yeah Erik of Epic Games reply brief we have talked about this internally we have just had the big map update and we've learned a lot through the process adding new PU ice there's no urgency for us to create a new map right now I mean it's not something we have a sense there's an urgency for it's not a priority right now we are continuing to evolve and make the mat feel fresh this is something that we feel excited and interested about so stay tuned we have some interesting ideas come in now this full interview by IGN can be found a link within the video description if you do want to check out it's quite good interview I'm not gonna lie to you guys so there we have it straight from the horse's mouth epic confirm they don't feel the urgency to create a new map right now but have some exciting changes which really evolved the code map blend super fun to me so all these rumors and so forth about a new map I suppose we can put to rest for now but changes to the current map whatever they are are coming for sure will that meteor have something to do set changes we will see people I have said for a while I've seen many videos of people basically making [ __ ] up as they go along I saw a few videos from people talking about a new map based in China coming due to fortnight tweeting out basically well up to me like them just been Lansing my fort might be available in China people thought wow we're gonna get a new Chinese map I'm like seriously people come on I mean yes some of these things do seem pretty crazy and how people read a few words into something can somehow translate that into a 2018 Bible is beyond me how did they just come to these things I don't know but I'm just glad it's been cleared up but in saying that I definitely do indeed think there was more to that meteor and epic is letting slip I mean there are just way too many clues for it to be just a silly prank it was there and things have been happening laden up into April Fool's many for ups when something was gonna go down but it's way past that now and we are now closer to make and still things keep coming the latest bit of evidence is the fact this to me is got closer and now if you look eat you get some weird as sound coming from it this along with a Morse code to telescopes and so many other things do indeed make me believe that this meteor war play a major part in the future and then somehow again people only I'm guessing maybe start season four we will see the change that to me definitely makes more sense thanks as always for stopping by I hope you enjoyed the video and I'll catch you on that next one [Music] knowing where we stand but you and I [Music] right [Music] | DPJ | UCqheS9rd4_nojHk3H-FR2XQ | 2018-04-21 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 823 | 4,165 |
9-JgSZZp7F0 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9-JgSZZp7F0 | Airsoft Skirmish-Operation: First Time-AVID Airsoft-Kill Switch-Covert Ops-Oct 19th, 2014 | cover up hey guys kill switch here myself and a couple coverop members decided to try out this awesome new field called Avid Airsoft it was a great field and we had a blast anyways enjoy don't forget to like comment subscribe k switch out watch the bus two guys in the bus is that one of ours you hit no moving up yeah hey hey gu to the left there oh that bunker there good we got that side good you got the left side yeah go go moving yo watch the buk in front of us head popping out us two guys two guys I see him I see him [ __ ] that guy running oh [ __ ] here in front of us yeah see where the guys the second black B second black one right left side left side all right I took out the one who in front of the bu that okay go for it Go all right we need to Mo all I see him got one got one that was behind the bus right you can use a train as cover I'm moving up to that black I'll do it right behind you okay let's do it down see him same spot out Guy moving up left you ready yeah oh [ __ ] right behind moving up he's moving up go right in front of us a I guess that's a hit okay I'm with you yeah front of the bus two guys behind the bus once in front what uh [ __ ] yeah there's a black bunker behind those bushes there okay watch your right watch your right black bun in front of you he duck back in yeah he's on the left side of it now Lo across I'm at the bus one more guy he's moving up left's running he's hit nice all right all right the on that killed if they're respawning they'll be that way left ah he was running so I'm guessing not I'm out guy behind the uh he's he's couple feet past the plane you see him he's just walking around I see him I see him I see him got a guy over here 11 there was one guy around here somewhere I don't know if a ranch got him or not going left call it we got the left cleared yeah watch that bunk in the bunker in the bunker good hit guy the I got him on the bottom I just one on the top right push forward push forward move up thepress on your right yeah where is he top top going up he knows right here can I get down Mercy Merc up that yeah man to play that was good that was good still our first year though but good teamwork guys that was [ __ ] awesome I'm loving this field yeah | Kill Switch Production | UCaaS5UBq0xBjUswAM0Od9fA | 2014-10-23 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 478 | 2,288 |
0FOk4zcqPWM | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0FOk4zcqPWM | A poodle has painful right hind paws after grooming | 1625 this p is lame on this right H but he can put the can bear the weight you can see can bear the weight okay so I will check the toe I'll check this is the D5 D5 check D4 okay okay okay D4 okay okay okay okay okay oh no no okay [Music] painful okay okay okay okay okay so the 3 D4 D5 so you might fall down from The Grooming table so uh so we have to we have to get a pink first pink to stop the pain first because very painful yeah very painful okay okay okay uh one man got one and around one and a half months one and a half month around around one and half month one and half month most there's a fracture inside the small never recover see oh okay so the only thing is if you want the X-ray if you don't want then take the pink killer and and let him slowly recover from the friction oh okay slowly it take one I mean it canot run about it must stay in a small place canot run about okay but the best of course is x-ray to see fracture how much is the x-ray x-ray about 80 about 80 oh okay | Dr David Sing | UCBEFtVObfcLkaM-HX5VGVfw | 2015-04-18 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 215 | 997 |
R2G7jeXLxcg | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R2G7jeXLxcg | Arthur's Baby by Marc Brown read by Grandpa Tom | Arthur's baby by Mark Brown narrated by me we have a surprise for you said mother and father is it a bicycle asked Arthur we're going to have a baby said mother Oh squealed DW I love babies a baby said Arthur yes in about six months said father plenty of time for us all to get ready Arthur's friends had lots of advice better get some earplugs said binky Barnes or you'll never sleep forget about playing after school said Buster you'll have to babysit and you'll have to change all those dirty diapers said Muffy and you'll probably start talking baby talk said Francine do do Gaga boo-boo for the next few months everywhere Arthur looked there were babies more and more babies I think babies are taking over the world said Arthur don't look now said Buster but you could be in for triple trouble one day after school DW grabbed Arthur's arm I will teach you how to diaper a baby she said don't worry about diapers said mother come sit next to me I want to show you something is that really me a stirrer yes said mother you are such a cute baby look said DW this is me with mommy and daddy don't I look adorable that Saturday morning mother took out her suitcase where are you going Oscar sir the baby could come any day now said mother I need to be ready for the hospital here so DW something for you to look at while you're there Sunday morning Arthur and DW found grandma thora fixing breakfast you have a new sister she said yeah baby so DW she'll be just like me that's what I'm afraid of said Arthur the next day they went to the hospital to see the new baby we named her Kate said father I think she has your nose aren't there I think she has DW is mouth said Arthur on Tuesday mother and father brought Kate home everyone was acting like they'd never seen a baby before every time the doorbell rang more presents arrived they're not for you Arthur said DW they're for the baby Arthur don't you want to try holding Kate mother asked can I have another turn first ask DW it's Arthur's turn mother said I'd rather look sidarthur that's just as well said DW Arthur doesn't know beans about babies a few days later mother needed some help I have to go upstairs she said Arthur would you watch Kate me asked Arthur what do I do don't worry said DW I'll take care of everything when the door rang DW answered the door Arthur can't play she said he has to babysit but you can come in and see my baby don't get too close because you all have germs and be quiet DW said my baby is sleeping look said Francine she opened her eyes stand back said DW she wants her bottle Kate drank her bottle in a flash then she began to cry everyone remain calm said DW DW gave Kate a kiss Kate cried louder DW bounced Kate Kate screamed Arthur quick do something DW said she's your baby too all of a sudden she's my baby said Arthur why is she crying that's DW she's trying to tell you something said Arthur what ask DW listen carefully said Arthur burp said Kate is everything all right asked mother it is now Arthur answered the end you | Grandpa Tom | UC1clfH6HL6aO-XQoc5Pfw2A | 2018-01-20 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 583 | 3,022 |
bEUwpAQVtiI | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bEUwpAQVtiI | Virgo 2019 Equinox Reading | hello Virgo welcome to your 2019 equinox reading I'm going to be using the deck of the cutters this is the Dutch translation the Qatar and the Qataris look it up with the seorin and the mess at the end or maybe okay also it's definitely an interesting story about the first religion in the medieval time who believed they lived in the matrix they just called it the shadow world and that's all about what I'm going to say about it look it up for yourself it's definitely an interesting story and let's get let's get into your reading let's shuffle a bit more I'm going to pull five cards one concerning the problem there might be and four cards two concerning positive and two concerning negative aspects who might be pointing what the problem might be solved or anything else so the measure twice cut once this is the problem two negative aspects and two positive aspects so let's look at the problem we have the hind man or the Endura in this case in the Straits in the upsides and the Endura is about is about seeing it from a different point of view it's also about embracing every aspect of life as it occurs so it's pointing to change rebirth transition new insights and intuition prophecy acceptation and sacrifice the reversal is also happening within your confinement or I don't know let's see what the negative aspects about the change yet going to your life Virgo we have the seven of shields in the upright and the lovers or the love fest in this deck so let's see what the seven of shields is in the uprights it's definitely a good card no seven of shields is the seven of wands it points to a cards about successful outcome after a long battle you have the tower or the mountain or the hill you have behind you and you are a master about all you see from up on that hill or this tower meetings and discussions negotiations are important parts of the route you have taken until now and also the right the route who is in the future so the pendant is very it has came very high and you have to make up the balance your ambition is to judge and to begin everything that is needed to accomplish your goals and to put them to work if this card is upside down which it isn't but it is also but it is in the negative aspect of the reading it might point to concern embarrassment the cheesiness decisive who listens or not being able to decide and a lack of self-confidence and we also have the lovers cards within the negative aspect of this reading and the lovers cards is about love flourishes if equalness and balance and honesty are there so this cards is about commitment love agreement passion and passivity also about turning points within your life harmony problems came from above optimism trusts and choice separation divorce and unsettled life disharmony uncertainty and foolish plans within the negative aspect of this cards it's upside-down but it's in the negative aspect so it might pointed those factors within this card so if I think about you having something to endure at the moment and take a different point of view on love maybe and let's see what's the positive aspect are we have the five of love which is the five of cups and the nine of love in the reverse on the positive aspects of this reading so let's get to the mind of love maybe the nine of love and the upside-down points to mistake imperfection guilts honesty loyalty open-heartedness freedom and abundance so we have a loving full outcome and a renewing energy a gifts to solve problems the gift to solve problems even though it is weakened by the idea that we win when the goal at at its core is bringing us out of balance so material success can be offered to you but you notice that it isolates you the catarrian exercise of the letting go of possessions is here really at order so you realize possessions doesn't really make you happy so you must look to the light aspect about these cards which is it's in the positive aspect so upside down or not it might point to victory success advancing advancement or advantage [Music] resolved problems triumph and making happiness and pleasure and the five of love is pointing to a rather a patek apathetic meaning there might be a deeper meaning though to the depressing that this card points to it's also pointing to a return in your life or a new way going anyway if the so family and even enlightenment might break through the dark clouds and make you see the truth within yourself this card asks to heal old wounds and maybe that may be separated to you from your family so within the light of this card as sadness and suffering loss not being able to point to your own destiny regrets may be an inheritance or deceit and it is in the positive aspects of the reading so it might point to hope commitments family reunion your ancestors and enlightenment so you are on a pivotal time Virgo you just had a very rough full moon in Pisces I guess and you had to go to some stuff and try to see things from a different view and realize you're at a point in your life where things will have to take a reverse or maybe a new way going so I guess this helped a bit forego and hopefully see you next time thanks for watching | Nik Space | UC4X6_s11RlvPdbezGpjWocg | 2019-09-23 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 961 | 5,158 |
al62LnpzhxU | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=al62LnpzhxU | AEW UNMATCHED SERIES 2 MJF & WARDLOW FIGURE REVIEW! | [Music] what is good everybody welcome back to another monday of toys video today we're back with another two in one aewn match collection series number two review on the brand new series two ward low and mjf figures now these had to go together in a review which is why we did take conte and sting yesterday if you guys missed that definitely go check that out i would greatly appreciate it and if you would like to pick these up or any other aew action figures go over to ringside collectibles wrestlingfigures.com use promo code md toys to save yourselves 10 percent i always tell people never use code free ship always use code md toys and select priority shipping and you will basically get priority shipping for free and it gets to you way quicker if you use code free ship it will take forever to get to you and you will be very disappointed with the shipping time use code md toys get that priority shipping basically for free sometimes it covers it sometimes it's maybe a dollar short but it's way better than code free ship man i'm telling you just do it but anyways man i'm excited to get another mjf and i'm really excited for the ward low i think it's going to be kind of the star of the set that that fact remains to be seen we do have to get him out of here but as you guys can see no luminaries in this section it is just our standard unmatched collection packaging with the blue and silver and it looks really good i like the way both of them look in package you got their images on the front here unmatched collection at the bottom aew logo at the top of course you got the silver foil on the side and at the top logos there number 12 and 14 down here on the back you get images of ward low and mjf which i think wordlo is pretty underrated like when i first saw him i was like oh just a generic big guy but damn he's pretty impressive man i've come to like ward low a lot down below you got the rest of the figures in the wave we have an aew logo on the other side and that pretty much wraps up our packaging for ward low and mjf man so what we're going to do is go ahead and crack them out of the packaging and dive into what these guys are all about and see if this mjf compares to his other figures and see how ward low adds to our aew figure collections so here's mjf and wardlow out of their packaging liking what i've got so far right i know one of these is pretty much just a repaint and i know that ward low is not the most exciting character man but i think we have some impressive things going on with these i'm actually really excited to dive into the review with you guys and i'd love to know your thoughts on the new review style or the way that the presentation is and all those things i got a few comments about it yesterday but i do appreciate any feedback about it and i would love to know some more about that down in the comment section below if you guys will but man these look pretty good i'm excited to get into it man what we're gonna do is run through wardlow's accessories in ward low then we'll take a closer look at mjf's accessories in mjf and then we will wrap this thing up man but with all these things being said let's dive into ward low first and get this review started off right so for wardrobe's accessories man we don't get a ton you know aew figures don't always come with a lot of accessories i honestly can't tell you the figure that comes with the most accessories probably i mean i guess the ringside exclusive little bit of the bubbly jericho but i like what we got going on with the wardrobe let's dive into the first head sculpt we do get two interchangeable head sculpts and i like this one a lot i think standard it looks like ward low you know he's a big handsome man he's got the nice beard the handsome haircut going on kind of like a man bun swirl going on at the top here and i think it works out pretty damn good i like this i like all the colors and the variations and the beard texture and all that i think it definitely captures the likeness very strong head sculpt i'd say probably one of the stronger head sculpts we've seen from jazz wears like i think it wraps up nicely you don't get like a fade haircut or anything like that but overall you do get the gentleman's look of the ward low now i think this is where it's really strong and that is in the screaming head skull man this looks really good i love this wardlow's always pissed off wardlow's always angry and this this captures this beautifully man a good screaming head sculpt and it's not like this is the only head sculpt you get right you know we've seen in the past where you only get one head sculpt and it's the screaming expression and then when you're trying to do photography and stuff it ends up kind of ruining and you know not capturing the full moment because he's screaming the whole time why are you yelling jimmy uso syndrome there but one thing i just noticed is that this one actually has a better fade on the back than this one and you do kind of get that fade going on in there so i guess i was a little bit wrong about that but nonetheless the screaming expressions look really strong man i love that looks like i may be missing a tiny bit of mustache beard up here but at the same time man really strong head sculpts i like it the hair cuts pretty much the exact same pretty consistent i love i love it man if you get them up next to each other it looks like the head on the the left is yelling in the head of the right like it looks consistent across the border with you know the the expressions i think the likeness is totally there now as far as interchangeable hands you do get two fisted hands so i know kyle peterson is nice there you give him the double knuckle touch we've seen hands like this before and then out of the packaging he comes with mike holding slash grabby hands and that's all you need to know about that you know nothing unique about it we've seen these hands multiple times but he gets mike holding hands and interchangeable fists now diving into wardlow himself man we already covered the head sculpt and i think it just scales greatly with the body man i really like the body mold that they chose for this guy i think he's gigantic he looks really nice he's not like overly gigantic though he's not rhino you know what i'm saying he's not just freakishly huge even though he probably is in real life i think it translates well i think all his body sculpts and stuff look good so the head is on here perfectly i like the proportions that we got i love this singlet torso it is kind of a plain jane gear right like it's not the most exciting gear you got the black you got the metallic green the silver and you know it's not the most exciting gear but at the same time it looks really good like in person really enjoy it i think the black singlet looks really good i think people that like to customize can use this body mold for some other guys on the back you do get the wardrobe going down the spine in a nice little font there really cool stuff right there i like how you have like the continued like i don't know it just scales well man this is sculpted on here nicely it feels great i like the size of the arms and the black wrist tape figure feels phenomenal in the hand man just really does i feel like i can pose this guy i feel like i can put on a five star banger with this figure if you know what i'm saying like it just feels really good in the hand i like the way it poses i love the way it feels and this figure really shocked me man like again coming in wasn't the big like i like ward low i really do like ward low but coming in i wasn't like super duper excited for it but at the same time man really blew me away love the way it came out i think you know the knee pads are nice they're kind of like soft goods really soft like pliable material here for your double jointed knees and then this boot mode looks like it is not reused i don't think these are not the same boots that we see on mjf which we can compare so this is the boots on the mj this is the boots on the ward low and this is the boots on the mjf they are slightly different if you guys can see these are like more of a bigger guy boot these are kind of smaller so you guys can see the widths and the links and the sculpts they are just a bit different there so i think that's very nice attention to detail they aren't just throwing the same boots on there which i don't know if that affects cost or not or or how those things work but at the same time i really like that they kind of gave us a different look for it stupid focus is getting away from me but damn man what a great looking ward low figure i think it looks great let's go ahead and stand up mjf next to him i want to see what some figure comparisons look like right quick so here's our unmatched ward low up next to every mjf so far besides chase variant which i do have mint on card do not have a loose one just yet but you have the series 2 unmatched mjf the series 2 unrivaled mjf in the series 6 unrivaled mjf as you guys can see here and i always loved this skin tone i think this skin tone really brings a lot of life to the figures i don't know why they got away from the series 2 skin tone i like this skin tone better than the rest it has a more natural peachy tone it looks a lot more accurate than the like gray olive that we get with a lot of figures nowadays and like that that seems to be what we're going for now instead of you know the hangman mjf the moxley from series number two but it is cool to see these all next to each other wardlow scales well with it he's bigger it looks nice i think these scale well and now you'll have a ward low to go next to your mjf figures and then for some other figure comparisons here is lance archer and dustin rhodes and rusev slash miro up next to your ward low figure so you know some of the taller more heftier characters here up next to ward low so you can g you guys can kind of see how he scales i think he scales well i like how it looks i think they go well together i don't have any issues with it let me know what you think of the scale down in the comments section below now for the mjf figure as far as accessories are concerned you don't get a whole ton but you do get more than ward load first off we do have an aew microphone and we've seen this a lot of times right you got the same microphone pretty much it's got the aew logo all the way around which is always nice it's printed on there pretty cleanly i mean it kind of looks like it may be scrunched up a little bit but it's not a big deal i like it i think it works out great i'm always down for for a microphone accessory it adds to your collection it adds to it to everything going on so there's the aew mic he also comes with a few interchangeable hands but they're two right hands both of them are his right hand i accidentally fumbled it right there never fumbled in my football career write that to the bank but here you guys can see he does have the he does have his ring on here you got the pinky ring on there which looks really good you guys can see the different sculpt and one is a mic holding hand and one is a fist so he can you know he can cheat he can knock somebody out with it and he also has the mic holding hands it's cool to see you know not only the fist but i might mike holding him with the ring in there so i i can appreciate that out of the packaging he also comes with mike holding hands so you get the mic holding hands or hands with the rings on there or the ring on there which which works pretty good i like it i think all that works out great and then the second accessory is his entrance coat now i think i agree with everybody here when uh you know uh we we don't really feel this right we're not big on this you have his long robe it's got the mjf score pattern going down you got the red outline on the sides it does say mjf on the sleeves on the back it does say better than you and i just i don't know man i feel like we've gotten away from cloth uh heavily like i don't remember the last time we saw a nice cloth accessory with our aew figures hopefully that's something we can work towards but this just doesn't isn't it you know i i'd love to i don't know where they could cut budgets i don't know where we can really dive in and get those cloth accessories but where we can do it i hope they take advantage of it and they punch the ticket man because these accessories right here they just don't do anything for me like this is something that i i don't put rubber accessories on my display for the most part i just don't i don't know why i just don't like the way they look they're very stiff i like to change it up i like to pose my figures around i like to just grab a figure and pose it around it's just something that i've always done and it's hard to do so with rubber accessories like this sometimes you got to go with the rubber and i understand it i understand cost cuts and budgets and all these things but at the end of the day man rubber is not where it's at and i'd love to see some more cloth accessories from jazwares and aew but it does look nice you get some good sculpt here you got the mjf scarf pattern and stuff but i'm just giving you my honest opinion on it so diving into mjf men starting out with the head sculpt not my favorite mjf head sculpt i think the series 2 is still slightly better we will do a comparison between all three of them but it actually is different than the series 2 and the series 6 as we will see but as far as likeness he's got like his cocky smirk going on nice hair sculpt and everything like that i i like you know some of the things going on with it but as far as lightness not my favorite mjf i think we've seen better mjfs in the past going down into the torso same mjf torso that we've seen you got the lion tattoo over there he does come with his signature elbow pad with the mjf in his little scarf plaid pattern which i like he does have kind of a boring gear i would have loved to sing some different gears you know his bright green his bright blue uh any other gear i think would have been cooler but seeing another black attire with the red lines not the the best attire to choose here you know it's similar to randy orton when it comes to his gear you know he changes it up slightly here and there but i think there were some better gears that we could have seen another thing is that the elbow pad's not accurate i believe it was an open elbow pad and i'm pretty sure he wore hand tape at this event so no hand tape no open hole in the elbow pad but gear is kind of boring you do have the black knee pads and black boots very standard very you know evil very evil housing so overall i mean it's just not it's not one of those figures that excites a lot of people but if you guys miss out on other mjs you know he he's gonna fly off shelves he's one of those guys that uh he's one of the pillars of the company right he's an aew original and so they are going to give him all the good stuff they're going to pump him out they're going to put him in waves because you know people sell man so for your mjf figure comparisons guys we do have the unmatched series 2 in the middle the unrivaled series two on the left and the unrivaled series six on the right you guys can see all three facial expressions are different they are not the same at the slightest like really they do change up a pretty good amount i'd say these are probably pretty much the same just colored differently or whatever but i still like the series 2 the most i think it has the most likeness it looks like they probably made him a little bit taller here right like it seems like the series 2 may be a little bit short compared to the others but overall i just like the skin tone better i don't know if it's coming across on camera but i like the skin tone of the series 2 unrival better than the series 6 unrivaled and the series 2 unmatched but you guys can let me know your favorite nj i figure down below i'd say the series 2 chase is the best you know it's the pink gear it's the good skin tone but it is a one of one thousand so you know i'm probably going to keep that a minute on a card but maybe one day i will get another loose one trying to get a full chase mock and loose collection but right now i'm failing miserably and it hurts my feelings and that pretty much wraps up wardlow and mjf from aew and match collection series number two man had a lot of fun with the review i'm really really impressed with the ward low i think if i were gonna recommend these figures i would recommend ward low over mjf i think that mjf is totally skippable if you have the series 2 and the series 6 from the unrivaled collection if you're a completionist then it speaks for itself you know i understand it completely but wardlow's a really good character i think you need it for your different collections i think you'd have a lot of fun with him and a pig fed in a stop motion for a display for anything man he's really awesome i think you guys are gonna like him a lot especially if you're a big in-hand feel kind of guy you know you pick up the figure you really like how a figure feels in the hand and the heftiness and the way it moves i think you'll really enjoy the ward low and i know i have a lot of guys out there that appreciate that about a figure so i would highly recommend that man but overall if you guys would like to grab them go over to ringside collectibles wrestlingfigures.com use promo code md toys to save yourselves 10 percent at the end of the day mjf again pretty much skippable but ward low is totally worth the pickup i still like the mj i figure i just think that he has other figures that are better than this one and i would recommend those over this one but of course this is our first mjf from the unmatched series we will see more of him he is the chase variant in this set but uh yeah kind of a skippable release there but that is gonna wrap up this review man thank you guys so very much for watching hope you guys did enjoy again now that we have our unmatched series two we can dive into the last two figures in the set we can dive into all those different things and then we can get into our top ten top fives top different things about the aew wave as a whole in the entirety of 2021 man let me know your thoughts of that down in the comment section below man but i'm getting out of here subscribing to the channel follow me on instagram twitter and take a talk at my damn toys if we can let's try to get this video to 500 likes man big light gold go for it smash that like button i really appreciate it but thank you guys for watching and i'll see you guys in the next video don't cross the line like mjf when he decided to have a damn rubber coat [Music] the brad i've been beaten broken down [Music] [Applause] [Music] you | My Damn Toys | UCNKDPYyiF_XY4hYAkBuU_TQ | 2021-12-18 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 3,791 | 18,895 |
f1oGpVmH2WM | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f1oGpVmH2WM | Airbrushing Dayglo Black light 3D at Scream Acres, Atkins Iowa...Ames room and floors, Day 8!!! | hey hot 3d action Atkins Iowa scream acres let's get this bad boy started good morning my people as 8:30 on the 26th of August I am here in Atkins Iowa at scream acres throwing down some 3d last room today's some floors so we got today in tomorrow blowing this pop stand so if you're new to the channel I just want you to know I paint monsters for a living would really appreciate if you came on board subscribed hit that little notification bell because we throw up a lot of videos were almost 800 videos on this channel places that I go to from all over the world so become part of the adventure join me travel along and I hope you learned something while you're doing it there'll be some more videos in the description below and hey got a Shopify account coming soon so if you want any Stuart ism swag that is gonna be coming soon yeah I'm so excited so let's get the bad boy started last room it is an Ames room where the floor is slightly altering the perception of the customer we are going to kind of Hubble telescope nebula it up so their feet may be telling them one thing but their eyes are saying something different especially with the 3d glasses so let's get that bad boy started come along an adventure thanks for watching oh and do me a favor watch to the end of the video helps me with the analytics and it also sits there and lets you see the final product through all the ins and outs of the time-lapse and photos thanks people [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Applause] [Music] sorry about the audio people we got a room in the first part of this video she's starting to come down again but we're done for the day Oh got a lot done buying the fix on the video and stuff so uh a little bit more due tomorrow I've been clown head to paint smashed your floors and is hoping to show you the spider hallway but uh because of the humidity and stuff it's kind of hoping things is dry so uh hey please subscribe to all my subscribers thank you so much for coming on board and if you're not a subscriber subscribe check out the videos the description below well you have a great day | AIRBRUSHING WITH STUARTIZM DESIGNS, LLC | UCFrgZm6KH4uRFScpFUT0LZg | 2019-08-27 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 404 | 2,087 |
RTVHByqIrvU | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RTVHByqIrvU | Embrace the FLOOD on the Mega Construx Domain! | hello once again youtube and welcome back to the domain i'm here with a very exciting announcement today july is flood month that means on our mega constructs domain facebook group we want all posts associated with the flood i'm talking dioramas customs stop motions pitches and videos whatever you want to do as long as it's associated with flood i want to see it right now if you guys watched my latest unboxing video i pulled out this grotesque flood infected a meal and this is yours to win from bam bam productions if you enter our flood month all you need to do is post anything flood related for a chance to win this gross flood infected a meal we'll draw the winner after our next episode of the domain community spotlight at the end of july good luck to all the denta and i can't wait to get this out of my house stay tuned for more flood videos all month i'm gonna do unboxings more reviews all sorts of flood-infested content i'll see you then emil is signing off [Music] you | TheDomain | UCCZ01u1VeIEgJu8-ESe_7aQ | 2021-07-03 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 185 | 986 |
Yj7Ema_K4CM | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yj7Ema_K4CM | Exploring the Great Ocean Road | there we go guys were on the great ocean road so this is the great ocean road probably one of the most beautiful bits of road in Victoria just weave this way around the clothesline and basically pretty much the road itself leads quite fire up the coast now we're in the southern part of Victoria right now so this is the surf beach side which is quite nice it's all very scenic along here very nice now fortunately the speed limit is all 60 along here so you've got to sort of take it easy is usually a fair bit of cops and a lot of tourists as well so usually you're stuck behind a car but that's okay because you've got nice scenery to keep you occupied now writing this road is one big tick off my bucket list I wanted to do it for a long time ever since I've I guess got my bike license and was thinking about getting a bike the great ocean road was just one of those things that was just pretty much top of my list you know I've I've done all the other nice roads and it granted there are a lot of roads that I didn't know about before I started writing that were quite nice but this still marks the top of the list so for me it's a very big milestone pretty much ticked off my bucket list nice safe to say so I'm quite excited about that now leading the charge we got fabs on his harley harley lowrider and then we've got motor lad ever got got his name I'm really terrible I'll insert his name here here's one of apps as friends he doesn't blog or anything behind me we've got Linden from linens motorcycle channel behind Tim good our mate Nathan and behind him we've got see it with Simon so a good group you should be very nice to get knee down on some of these corners but people just drive slow the problem is if we keep going this slow slow speed I'm going to overheat my bike because she's got no thermo fan at the moment some reason it's got a bug and I can't work out why it's not working she's an Air Corps deify higher at the moment as you can tell i'm running the dual cameras as I mentioned on I think I was on Twitter on the I picked that up from jb hi-fi nice and cheap so 1080p should give me some good other angles just a just another angle camera basically I didn't want to go out and spend another couple hundred bucks in another drift or get a GoPro anything like that uses the GoPro mounts which is pretty pretty awesome so lots of accessories out there for it but it's got the nice cheap price tag and it's fairly reliable and pretty well built not too bad I the the quality of it's actually quite nice i'm impressed for you know 100 bucks or 80 bucks or whatever was so I mean I'm impressed it's good good quality medium here we are guys were entering the area that was recently affected by a large bush fires going to be able to see the level of destruction and its thing wrecked on the coast to find a way you feel if I could see a dream of what we but i can see you slip further for me oh it makes it hard to be when you all that I want but don't and I'll run into the sea follow this side that escapes me it escapes me and Oh | HyoRidaa | UCsI5ZOaVL42rSvZ3r-gI3zA | 2016-03-03 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 617 | 3,058 |
7OALzCrPE-o | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7OALzCrPE-o | Revelation 17 - 29 - Seals, Trumpets and Plagues - 2 | shabbat shalom my most esteemed friends honorable judges everyone that follows through this screen in a part in members of Eternal truth a great big greeting to each and every one of you on this so precious and radiant spectacular day of Shabbat a festivity we're still celebrating pesos we're on the first day of matsuki of the unleavened bread we're celebrating many things and on this so precious and radiant Shabbat from California the U.S of a correspondent to shabbat the 15th of Aviv of the year 5992. May 6th of the Year 2023 in the Gregorian calendar we shall study yet another chapter of Revelation 17 part 29 seals trumpets and plagues part two the people but of course today we're still celebrating pesach and what a beautiful and divine celebration of pesach I saw on behalf of you everything that we lived here was spectacular and how I was felt with emotion to enter into the Eternal truth and see all the pictures that every one of you have uploaded in different ways in different countries different colors different foods rather I found it fabulous I was really moved to see the celebration of the entire group that we are spread out in this whole Flat Earth in many places and that I can't wait I can't wait that we can all celebrate together that would be something absolutely marvelous to be able to celebrate all together all those who and understand the Eternal truth who believe in the Eternal truth and that this be and has been the last celebration of that we're not United that we're separated without our creator may it be the last and that the following one we can celebrate it together reunited in another situation that's absolutely different than the ones that we live here in Babylon so then many things many things for sharing your photos sharing your videos showing us that we are one this whole group is one and rather that fills my heart it fills My Soul Many thanks to each and every one of you and I am so glad that you have celebrated with all your heart understanding what this right is understanding things that no one understands we also did a little video as soon as we're able to we're uploaded the part of how we celebrate that little part of where we share the bread and the wine and we wash our feet so then we'll upload that later a little video so that you can see intimately how we celebrate as well without any further Ado let us seek our Elohim beloved Yahweh we give you thanks for the so precious uh Shabbat we give you thanks for pesach we give you thanks for this first day of matsot I ask you that your blessing your spirit be in each and every one of your children on this Flat Earth that we start to see different things that we start to see and feel your power that we start to see and feel that we are your children your chosen favorite children your only children that will receive this Earth crowned with Glory I ask you that we may be able to understand and also that we may see in this year the Jubilee what we all desire in your precious name Yahweh Allelujah as you've already heard and seen today we have the visit of Jacob we haven't seen him in such a while so that we're enjoying his presence today and today Jacob's presence and he fixed a little problem that we had in the video that was frozen and I don't know anything about that there is no AI to fix anything here everything has to be manual intelligence because artificial very few are nothing so then good thing that we were able to solve it thanks to Jacob I'd like to send a great big greeting to the following members that have had birthdays during this this week that has just passed the Dominican Republic Guatemala David Barbosa Lopez Colombia Gonzalo Erie Lo Al Gonzalez Mexico Daniel sifuentes Colombia Naomi macedo cardoso Brazil Miriam Sanchez de science Mexico Marta Cecilia gavilia Colombia carmenza Montiel Colombia Sebastian Triana Colombia Gerardo Murillo Costa Rica Emilia Delgado El Salvador and wilbertito sukapuka Spain to each and every one of you that have had a birthday I'd like to send you an enormous hug a great big hug on behalf of the entire Eternal truth during this time that so but so festivities because it's not only your birthday but also we're celebrating the feasts of Yahweh very well I've just published The Eternal truth videos and pictures that have been sent to me by Omar hildes from Venezuela where this week five people were baptized five people were baptized that uh shall mentioned Albertina Gonzalez Camargo Sandro Pascual Blanco Paris [Music] Pedro Perez de Laos Omar Alfonso helves or Galvez I don't know how they pronounce it but to each and every one of you a great big hug on behalf of the entire Eternal truth welcome to the Eternal truth they've been blessed in the name of Yeshua as they should and have understood what the Eternal truth is they were Adventists some from uh true birth or false birth however you want to see it and they had Advanced a little bit seeking the truth in different modalities they've gone to the Adventists they're reformers first which are more strict and even worse and then they went to the Davidians and they were studying there until Omar took them the Eternal truth and from there they understood the truth and they understood it in its totality some time ago that they've been watching the videos and actually I'd like to give you a great big hug many greetings and congratulations because you got baptized in the name of Yeshua because you have comprehended there's only one Elohim because you have comprehended that that only Elohim involves also that there is no enemy of Elohim and that we will live here on Earth and all the subjects together they've understood so then I found it to be very very impressive and the first subject they saw live was precisely of the Judgment imagine of judgment that was the first subject they saw live and they liked it so much that also I believe as I understand uh Omar can tell us later that they gave their verdict also their decree because they've had already understood what it is to be a part of the journal truth they had been understanding what the biblical truth is so then even though it may be look to be impossible or in this Advanced stage you can understand all the truth all of a sudden they have been baptized and that really makes me very very happy welcome to each and every one of you welcome Omar welcome Albertina Sandro Julie and Pedro and Omar Omar I've mentioned already but anyway omarp welcome to each and every one of you very well I'd like to mention to each and every one of you the old and new that the Eternal tool offers uh uh spectacular service and free that is the consult of Angelina if you're going through a conflict of what the world calls sicknesses some problem that you may have will show you to understand what is going on what is it that you feel how to manage the emotions and what emotions were the ones that took you to develop what you're living through we give you the power of healing the power is had by you we want to give you that power we want to empower you if you have some sort of these problems that I've just mentioned which is the whole world we offer Angelina's consult for free absolutely for free I was uh seen with such nausea I don't like to feel nausea but this is not gonna affect me with all the crowning of Carlos III Charles III I'm gonna measure my words because really the ones that are gonna come out with I mean it'll be one worse than the other let's see because Eddie's here do you see him it is very upset with that crowning that is why he's showing the Argentinian flag but of course and not not the one of England I like what uh reporter said from the English reporters he said wow there's more than 2 000 servants and slaves watching the crowning of their Master but of course how nausea are those dog old men and I'm still pretty relaxed those old pieces of murders I mean I don't even want to say anything because they I mean I'm gonna get into trouble how nausea to see their faces those facing for the people to have gone to welcome them to that King they feel that they are descendants of David that is the king of England of Israel and of the world and the God chose the Shabbat and the guy chose the true celebration of besek to do it wow either that or Yahweh chose it maybe Yahweh since we don't know where he was he was in the celebration I don't know I don't know so then I get so nauseous from the face of the guy the face of the queen the whole entire people that were there the Sheepfold there that were with him the people watching he is a brutal nausea that if I start to watch it for many hours a day I'm gonna develop diabetes I'm sure so then I take it out of my sights and I say this these Kings of Babylon soon will fall let it be short and very short extremely short your Reign Charles III sharp very short life unto the king I hope I have no problems in saying those things in my opinion in my opinion careful with what you say in the comments because then later they'll block the video and they don't show you the comments so then uh just measure yourselves with Mr Charles with Mr Charles III son of a great the other Quinn daughter of a Jezebel Jezebel so then that Charles is a son of a that's the way it is completely very well very well we started well we're still in a festivity this is the celebrations of the feasts of Yahweh we're seeing these Kings these four class kings that will disappear soon in the true Kings of the earth will come and you are the kings of the Earth when you see the celebrations of your pictures I say wow these are the kings of the earth that soon will reign that will have a glory that is stupid that you could never even imagine to have never ever that stupid crown that he wears that is knowledge isn't that dark it's thrown that he wears which is just dog in that filthy Palace that he lives in in the dachshund in the darkship country that is England that is all nauseous and all of Babylon that is nauseous as no comparison with with the reign of the sons of Elohim will be those are the true kings that will reign upon the Earth so then celebrate new whippersnappers four class people because your celebration will be short just like that short and if the true Kings of the earth to see this imposters gives us nausea these imposters the serpenters of the throne and the people that follow them and they applaud them every time there's been less less it's been the poor with the most few people that went to this crowning in all of history he used a car of the Chariots of horses it's called The Chariot if I'm not wrong I mean I heard what I say it the Chariot is called the Jubilee of diamonds I said they even had to use a jubilee Chariot wow I mean it'll be short your Jubilee very short very well today is a subject that's special we're celebrating we're celebrating the first day of matzok of unleavened bread and tomorrow when the Sun goes down which some of you the sun has already gone down it is the festivity day of bikurimo first fruits which are the first fruits of the barley from then on out we start a countdown the countdown of the Omer which 50 days later it takes us to what feast exactly within that countdown of shavor on the day that's give or take the 31st of the countdown the 31st or 32 between those two days precisely getting to number 33 the special days of them 31 or 32. it'll be the 13 35 days in the 217 precisely on the 31st and 32nd day in the chains of day 31-32 it'll be the 13 35 days are up and are fulfilled also the 217th day will something happen told you nothing happens up until now nothing ever happens but I will the hope is what we have either way we are still submerged in this dog country ruled by these dog people by these fake kings that are nauseous and we have to continue here we'll continue here until the end very well that is all I have to say about this sir and he chose this date that is so special precisely here o Israel Yahweh are Elohim Yahweh one is one alone from this phrase the trinitarians utilize it to say that Yahweh to say that God is one unit because the word is one but sometimes in Hebrew to say okay that a certain number of people are a unit as one you use the word they had that's clear Yahweh told Abraham uh Adam Adam says that men will leave his mother and father will unite in Cleveland to his woman and they will be once All Flesh to people making a hat only one flesh now when the Tower of Babel was built Elohim says the people isn't hard one the entire people is one that is why from then on out you see how it's not one it's a conjunction not in conjunction it is one in other words the entire people is one exactly is one their tongues is one the word is one and they're all United that's what it's saying also when Israel got to Mount Sinai they use the expression and the people was one it had but the problem that the attorney syrians don't see here is that the word Yahweh the word Yahweh yeah is singular so then is the text were to say and even then I would not tell them that they're right because we're talking about the text that the whole scripture says that there's only one Elohim but when the scripture says it's not saying hear o Israel no no here o Israel our God is one it's not saying that it's saying the name of one because for any children Yahweh is the father Jesus is the son of Yahweh and then you've got the holy spirit that is not Yahweh so then Yahweh is one of the three but never are they going to say that Yahweh are three it is very weird for somebody there to say that you've got Yahweh the father didn't say Yahweh the son the Holy Spirit no no no yeah with the father Jesus and then you've got the Holy Spirit but the text doesn't say God is one which God could be more than one person it says Shema Israel Yahweh the name of his which he chose whatever if it's his exact same name or that he invented that doesn't matter Yahweh is a person it's not God it's Yahweh Yahweh is our God it's not Yahweh the Trinity no it's Yahweh One Soul person Yahweh God and then it says yahwehad it doesn't said Elohim which the goddess won then within that God there are three or four or whatever you want it doesn't say that it says Yahweh is one soon so then we discard the possibility the possibility is discarded that within Yahweh are enclosed of father-son Holy Spirit some will say yes uh Yahweh is the conjunction of the three but that's the fewer people but the rest of the territorians Yahweh is the father get the son the Holy Spirit now we understand something else even more which is even more difficult to understand that the word Yahweh is not a name exact of his he did not give his name to be known he made himself be known as the name of Yahweh but even so Yahweh means he and she we've got two people right there too Yahweh he and she and the Yahweh means he and she it could mean two things or it means two things one that he that is clear because a woman did not come the the from Venus and men from Mars no what women came from Yahweh so that for the woman to come from Yahweh in his own image has to have both Texas both Texas because it says that men and women are image of Yahweh so then if Yahweh is a man the image the woman cannot be an image of his it cannot be it's an image of a woman but not of him which is male seven he has to have both images and he says that explicitly Yahweh created men and women in image of his he greeted them so and male and female created he them in the image and likeness of his first meaning Yahweh he and she he has both sexes second meaning that he is what is known as male masculine and Humanity specifically his bride is feminine as a conjunction of femininity and we're already talking about as a feminine soul and a masculine Soul we're not talking about Sexes or genders as you know them with a sexual organs no we're talking about the soul that he has the masculine soul and he made a feminine Soul so then we even though we are subdivided between male and female at a Elohim level we're his woman and he is the true male per se and we are the woman also in turn we are subdivided in with our subdivisions of men and women but are sold clearly once we understand the Bible is feminine in his is masculine that is why he can marry his bride or else he could never call his bride you understand what I'm saying he could not call us his bride so then we're talking about something that we cannot even capture or grasp in our mind what is to have a feminine Soul it's a color a way of thinking that is what humanity is uh feminine soul and he is a masculine Soul that's why he can call us his bride very well so then this phrase is spectacular [Music] one is and it can also mean Yahweh he and she with his bride are one alone with his bride Proverbs 25 2 that is a problem that the whole world has in some others Gloria Elohim is to conceal the word it is concealed the word is it cannot be understood it's not that it's difficult to understand it cannot be understood something concealed is concealed it cannot be understood it cannot be seen but who can see that only glory of the king is to search out the word and it's not talking about Charles III it's talking about the true Kings the Eternal Kings the kings that will rule and possess the Earth for all eternity those are the only ones that can pass the cover of the scripture not the rest not the rest that is already prophesized it's already been said whomever can understand it can understand it Jeremiah 16 19-21 macro kalunga Yahweh my strength and my Fortress my refuge in the day of tribulation unto me shall come the peoples from the ends of the Earth and shall say only lies only lies he only lies was the inheritance of our fathers vanity to which there's no avail only that phrase is so easy to hear but difficult to understand because we still have that we have received certain truth from our fathers we say fathers is not just our physical fathers it's all the fathers that taught us the religious fathers the school fathers the fathers of TV those of science all those are the fathers all above us are fathers the books are our fathers who read the books the disciples are our fathers of course Paul said that he was our father God was our father pay attention all the fathers that are above ours say only lies was the inheritance of our fathers but not no no truth no none none not one and it confirms it it says only lies it doesn't say the majority of it was Lie it doesn't say 90 was a lie no no it doesn't say that it says only lies was inheritance of our fathers vanity to which there's no avail no but it was good for you no it wasn't any good for you none whatsoever the truth did not was not it's difficult to understand because of course I received an education from my parents that I see that it's very good very good now but how much truth do I have in what they teach me if I that it really helped me in this path yes of course because it taught me what the path was it taught me where I should not go taught me so many things my parents did in my teachers per se My Religion but when now after having been walked through the whole path for so many times it doesn't mean that we're there yet well once we go through the path I start to look back and I say this this wasn't true it helped me it helped me but it wasn't true this was also not true it helped me what truth did they give me I have to repeat like they only likes was the inheritance of our fathers that's why you have to be reborn that's why Yeshua tells Nicodemus you have to go be reborn you have to be born again you have to go back in to your mother's womb so as to not say something else and be born again and to be born again but how I cannot understand the things now no you cannot because the spirit to be born of the spirit is kind of like the wind that you don't know where the it comes from and you also don't have the idea where it goes that's how you gotta talk yes I am a teacher of Israel so then you haven't the least idea where the the wind will take you you have to be born again you cannot learn things little by little it is to be born of the spirit once we are born as human beings we are flesh beings we have to be born of the spirit and we're born or the spirit of course we see that all the inheritance of our fathers was what lies just like that lies this continues if man is the one that makes himself Gods Not as well who makes himself the gods man makes himself gods and the gods are the images they are the images that the people see in that time that this was written the people would see images of different animals even of human beings images of things weird things and that is what they worshiped this is an image here the statue of Nebuchadnezzar is an image it's just that God showed it to Nebuchadnezzar it's an image so they never can never loved it so much that I liked it but but I didn't like that only the head that represents me be gold I'll make a statue Olive gold I'm gonna change the prophecy of God is what Nebuchadnezzar tried to say I'm gonna change it I won't be just the the chest of gold uh silver no gold the thorax of Brown's no no no it'll be on gold the legs of iron no it'll be of gold in in defeat no no not mixed with clay and iron no it'll be Gold Everything Gold All said that the whole people of Babylon worship that statue that is an image that images in the images did not talk like Jeremiah says Isaiah and Ezekiel the stupid people worship images that don't talk that cannot hear an image cannot hear do you understand what I'm saying and you agree right how much that the image of the Virgin Mary here does the image of the Virgin Mary talk to you no those are the images that cannot speak that's what people say only lies was the idea the inheritance of our fathers if it is men that make some tough Gods the images then they are not God that's why behold I shall make it be known to them they I shall show them my the strength of my name and you shall know that my name is Yahweh and also keep the images in mind because I'm going to continue I wasn't going to present this but since we have Rabbi Jacobson I'm going to give you another detail that we were talking about today am is three six through eight so that's the horn sound on the city without the people going into distress that's uh disgrace or an evil before a City without it having been provoked by Yahweh not allowed but provoked executed by Yahweh no nothing does the Lord Yahweh do without revealing his Secrets unto servants the prophets does the lion roar who shall not fear the lord Yahweh speaketh who shall not prophesy Malachi 2 17. that's why I've got Eddie of the number of the Beast version Eddie that is in a protest and against Charles III he wants to puke he's on arches we have the statue that wants to be destroyed but it's still standing waiting for this rock that says Jesus here I was looking at it it doesn't say Jesus in Spanish this is Jesus in Spanish who was the idiot that wrote this you need to add up an accent mark in Spanish okay I'm gonna I don't have a white one but a red is the red one not gonna they won't see it I need something permanent here let's see then I am confused here's a permanent well Logan is a permanent because it says Jesus in Spanish and it bothers me maybe it says Jesus right in English it says that's how Jesus is written right it says Jesus in English but since we also don't like English English we'll say we'll call at a terrible accent mark because then you see it many times this year and then you write it incorrectly you you write it incorrectly already just imagine then Jacob is writing everything incorrectly and he says well you showed me how to write it right there in front of you on your desk so then that you see it with an accent mark let's see if you can see it with an except Mark it's not Jesus it's Jesus but that hey Jesus is not the one that came two thousand years ago because that one turned into Yahweh again who is the Jesus that Jesus says careful many will come into my name saying that I am Jesus and many of course in his name saying his Jesus no you're wrong many shall come and they'll deceive almost everyone saying that I'm Jesus is don't make a mistake the son of any oh the son of man and who's he it's a special group so then who's this Jesus this Jesus is the sons of Elohim it's a group of Kings the group of kings that will go and inherit the earth and this assumed to happen I hope that we don't have to wait eight years to get there that's what I hope for that's what I hope for so then very well so then all these are in a protest here saying where is the hymn of Justice ye have we read Yahweh with your words it's just that we haven't worried him enough and you say and what have we weared him in that you say that whomever death evil please at Yahweh and in such he delighted they go into the crowning of Charles III where is the elimin of Justice where is the Elohim of Justice we already want that statue to be brought down absolutely so before going into seal number two I was talking to you about the images that the images that I don't have the texture but you know this by memory that the images cannot speak the images are mute the image don't have ears to hear so then it's in Jeremiah in so many chapters that says I don't understand how you make an image you talk to it it doesn't answer you talk to it it doesn't hear you and to top it off you worship it you're idiots in the whole entire world has done that but at the end of time something would happen that is awesome and now I see it and I put it two and two together and I see there isn't any other way of understanding what I'm about to say now so then let us go to revelation chapter 13. that uh of course Revelation chapter 13. Revelation chapter 13 talks about a beast that came up out of the sea then it says that Yahweh the dragon gave it Authority gave it its seep of course Jerusalem and other rest and his power to do whatever he wants and then later the Beast received a life of death but was that life of death was to be cured will understand it that it's Israel the first head of Revelations and the last head of Revelation 17. Southern and other Beast shows up from where from the desert and who is it that one is the U.S of a then I saw another Beast that came up out of the earth that is America and it had two horns likened to those of a lamp but it talked like a dragon and it exercises all the authority of the first Beast which is Israel in the presence of hers that is why Israel and the US are one they are a hat they are a hot as well you've got the USA in Israel they're in the heart uh governor of Florida went to Israel last week and it sent a new love that it says that you cannot criticize Israel you cannot boycott Israel I don't know what other pieces of things were I mean it's nauseous everything is nauseous to a point that I shouldn't even look where I have to look absolutely it's nauseous and exercises all the authority of the first beast in the presence of hers you get both of them together and it causes for the Earth and them that dwell therein to worship the first image it's more than clear whose lethal wound was healed when that was it reborn many time ago but it took the Earth in the year 1848 that is when the state of Israel and the serper state of Israel was born fake I went for this video to stay up the true and blessed state of Israel is surges up but of course blessed true beloved state of Israel so beloved as our beloved Charles III and his beloved and holy mother may she rest in peace and may the Lord have her in his glory all that all that so then so then what does it say here it says it says and also doeth the great wonders who that other bees great wonders so that he may get fire come down from heaven on the earth inside of men all that you already know this by memory which are the great signs they're lying signs we got to the Moon they say we've got covered in satellites all over throughout space we've got to Mars already we've got the nuclear bombs we've got the power of making a fire come down from heaven that's immense huge that unmeasurable and I want you to live interior all those things is done by the second beast of the Earth and deceive it because their lying wonders deceive it the whole world is deceived this is about the turns and blah blah everything's NASA of course and deceive item that on the Earth by means there the line means by means of those Miracles which he allowed who allowed it Yahweh of course which he had power to do in the sight of the Beast in the side of the Beast the first Beast Israel but of course saying to them that dwelt on the Earth Here Comes something that is keys that I never I also always I try to understand things in the measure that the prophetic role is opened in the measure that the story develops but as long as history is not developed it's impossible to understand the prophecies it's impossible we can and will always be in a speculative territory but from then on out that we can understand it clearly we have to wait for the prophetic growth to be opened always saying to them that dwell on the Earth that they should make an image to the Beast which had the wound by a sword and did live there is an image that is not the Beast of the earth that is not that original Beast it is an image of as it could be this image of the image of Nebuchadnezzar an image is a creation like it's always been talked about in the Bible false Idols or images the same story that the people worship the image of the Virgin Mary that the Catholics worshiped of the Saints and before all the images of all the gods images now we've got a new image because the story is modernized but it's the same story but there is something that changes that places it precisely that we're in the last second of the story even with this prophecy because it says something that has never been given before it says in it was allowed who allowed it Yahweh of course who will allow it if not and he was allowed to give life onto the image that image that they created of the Beast that the image of the beach should both speak first of all there's an image that speaks all the images are mute and Def this one speaks this one hears and there's one things it is clear everyone knows where I'm going to right but it's more than clear there is no chance it he had power to give life unto the image of the Beast that the image of the Beast should both speak and cause of course it is very reduced but first for it to speak who is that image that speaks first of all in all of history and now recently I related when I start to investigate the subject and I said but it's written the image that it's talking about for the first time and then here's you and then can have a dialogue with you is called a i artificial intelligence that is the image who created it the Beast them who dwell on the earth the them who dwell on the earth create that image and that image now has its own life it can make music if you ask it it can make books if you tell them a guy because it's an image it goes way past then to just dialogue with the computer it's like it absorbs information and then quote unquote like it's thinking for itself you can say no no no no you can say no you could think a human can think no no a human what does he think from all the information that you have we choose he one here and there and that is our thought s like that very lying that's where the people think in a way in a culture they think in a different way you've got another culture and they have a different thinking because we are like computers we don't create way past of the information that we take that is why it's so difficult to create first of all we don't discrete out of nothing first we learn we learn experience upon experience and then with all those all that data then we decide what I like and then we have our decisions are absolutely binded bound to the experiences that we have don't tell me that it isn't we have to change our experiences to change our way of working or else nothing changes in fact it us up so then our way of thinking per se is very likened to a great artificial intelligence and they give him a whole quantity of data and it has already the capacity of taking data on its own and it starts to decide on its own what difference is there between that and a human being and I say very little tell it to you it's very little because it's only not something cold it's as cold and hot as a human being that it takes its own decisions that's right you've got those chats the AR I went into those chats but I didn't ask for it but it asked me for my address my email my name and I said I'm gonna give you any information I would have chatted with you if you were Anonymous but I have to give you my name then go yourself because I'm not gonna allow you to see my way of thinking nor that you record my question so that you know how I think and that already you reconfigure no nothing let those idiots chatting with you but not me because I wanted to ask him some questions but since I had to add my whole profile I said decide no I'm not going to talk to you just like that I won't talk to you and we'll treat him like a true entity I won't speak to you people hear the kids and their uh homework they make it do it for them and it's perfect they're giving it in the colleges that the thesis a doctorate thesis sons of make this artificial intelligence and makes him a marvelous thesis didn't even have to break their heads doing it they can do a whole quantity of things a whole quality of things that we have yet to know what that son of a can do now the world is being guided without us knowing by those intelligences the emails lots of traffic many things that have already given power to the AI in order for the AI to decide what is the best path the presidential elections the AI gave Trump the form of how what he had to publish to win the acceptance of the people the AI makes accounts on its own comments that would seem to be human that you can even dialogue in you don't know that they're not human beings those are the famous Bots but now they're almost not created by humans artificial intelligence greeting for you with pictures with whatever changes your picture and they make comments as if there were people but uh just towards something following a trend so then they've already left the images that are mute and we now speak go into an image that speaks here it tells it to you what's it say causing them that draw upon the Earth that they should make an image into the Beast that had the lethal wound and did live and he had power to give life unto the image of the Beast see if that is uh life it's the Breath of Life careful it's saying for the first time in the history of the earth and only until we get to the end humans are allowed to give life unto something I'm not saying it the scripture says it the bread is the one that yeah we gave to Adam Brett is not that it's a breathing but its own life so then if the prophecy says that if Yahweh allows it to give some sort of its own life to something that it's an image there you have the picture the entire picture it's already fulfilled in standing the image of the Beast which thinks that it's been given life and it decides on things on by its own account and what does it want to do because it's prophesized what that this blessed image want to do they don't want to do something it'll come to mind it says that it speak it was allowed to give life unto the image of the Beast that the image of the Beast should speak hold on you already know what it says but I'm not going to tell it to you yet but I'm going to read it let's open insert because I want to show you other versions of Revelation 13 15 Revelation 13 15. you see you had not coincidence with everything that we've talked about this morning right okay let's go to revelation 13. 15. Revelation 13 15. notice how it says for example for example in the dhh it is in the second monster in other words the US of a the monster of beast of the Earth was given the power to give life already the breath of life it was given the power to give life unto the image or the first Monster it's an image that that image would speak very very good we'll move on let's go to see that New Living Translation new learning translation says he was then permitted to give life to that statue it's an image of statue something physical something physical that statue so that it could speak then the statue of the Beast commanded what did it come in we'll see it let's see what it says where was it Missy I want the Jerusalem bible where are you Jerusalem bible it's so difficult different to mine well I don't see it let's go to this one excuse me yeah here it is Jerusalem and it was allowed to give the breath of life and to the image of the Beast that it could even speak the image of the Beast very good now I wanted to understand this let's see the simple language version because you have yet to understand got allowed wow these sense of they said it that of course who else is gonna allow it uh some will say the devil no no God allowed for the second monster the years of a to give it life unto the statue of the first monster that it should speak it was for the first time in the world that something that has no life an image it is allowed to speak and it's not that it talks like a recording because then before you would just put a tape in and it would talk about it I mean talking about time of the tape then you got CDs and otherwise no we're not talking about that we're talking about it for it to talk on its own that it can conversate just do this it does it for you what do you think about this I think this and that this week the Adventist Church the SDA which is also nodges showed it's first at first biblical course of an interview artificial intelligence of theirs did you hear that so then the Bible showed that they have their artificial intelligence and it can answer all your biblical questions and many Adventists went in to there to talk with the artificial intelligence the Adventist of course and they asked and it really called their attention that they the into artificial intelligence says that the creation was symbolic I've said it from a different point of view it was symbolic that actually they believed in evolution oh yes oh yes look it up and it'll say I think Ariel gave it to me of the Seventh-day Adventist artificial intelligence now Chabad also had its own artificial intelligence of someone that they're not as powerful as the other one uh uh Rabbi that answers questions for you that answers everything about them very carefully that it doesn't say any stupid that they went in LA or they're going no it doesn't say that but they did ask of it and very politically correct guy would avoid all the questions but one is that you would ask him he knew very well says but here in the talmud it says that the rabbi so-and-so said the best thing that it would be was to annihilate all these goaim and the artificial intelligence of Chabad this is no but what we want is for them to worship God that's all a lie oh a lie but since I bet you but of course they'd get in trouble if they would start to say that obviously obviously okay but the text says here and it was given power to give Breath of Life to the image of the Beast so that the image would speak we're in that point the image speaks it could dialogue with you it could make homework for you and it would cause to kill there it is there it is we're in the stage that it speaks but the one that gives the command of killing believe it or not is the image of the Beast that it should cause the kill or who would not worship it in that worship is not worship that you think of Nana it is the one that is against her if the artificial intelligence says we have to suppress all Freedom due to questions that there's something loose in the air that's dangerous for your health if the artificial intelligence is now the whole world has to be inoculated for this situation or whatever and they all have to be shut in and they all have to be treated with this if you say no that is not to worship it not to consent in clouds to kill all who would not worship it and would cause that oh small and great poor and Rich free and those who are not free a mark on their right hand or on their brows would it be that this intelligence is not have started this whole a little problem of the cup of wine absolutely I haven't the least idea everything that has been done I believe that the governors now they consult this dog to see how they should act better because if they consulted it to be chosen if that artificial intelligence actually handles all the voting let's say like that handles the masses also starts to handle the governments because it is what is convenient so then all this this problem that we've lived in these last three years according to the scripture has been given and ordered and designed by the artificial intelligence not by the human beings directly but by that image of the Beast and why does it say the image of the Beast because that artificial intelligence could with the power to be good it's as evil as the Beast it's such a daughter of a just like the Beast because it was programmed to think that way so then since we're all programmed to think in a certain way what that intelligence program has the base of this along with this so then since it's got this base concealed but the hardcore inside internal is this in this then we're all absolutely because it's not an artificial intelligence free to think no it says that it's an image of the first Beast and the first Beast we know that rules the world and they made a virtual image that it ruled the world still in for it to be given to it more easily exactly something we know the way it thinks it's an image we could say it's an artificial intelligence that Zionist that's all I'm saying and I'm almost in trouble already that's what it is it's an artificial intelligence that Zionist in my against the artificial intelligence no for me it's a leap that will take it the true Kings and we'll make it a lot more intelligent that it does all the things but Injustice that it help human beings that it does all the homework that have been heavy during the 16 years of human beings so that she doesn't and I'm completely in agreement with it the problem is that we're in the presence of a daughter of a the zionists nothing against an artificial intelligence none whatsoever but the problem is that it's an artificial intelligence an image of the first beast and then we're all the first Beast has always ordered to kill to kill to kill to steal and destroy that's what's written in this book To Kill Rob and Destroy and spoil that's what it is so then that intelligence has all the culture of the zionists and there it is fulfilled what it says and it caused to kill and that's why it's causing everyone to be killed with what they put inside and this is the beginning and from here on we'll see even worse things well that is what it is that is related with the plagues and all the rest but because now we can understand that we could not have understood that before just like that never before could we have understood it very well and now let us go to our subject well I talked two things and it's already an hour five how does time fly an hour five very well um Invitational text and when he opened the second seal I heard the second living being that said come and then I saw another horse a red one the one that was on it was allowed to take from the earth the peace one another should kill each other in a great sword was given to it and this sounds like the image of the Beast their sounds that the image of the Beast has a lot to do with them killing one another the image of the Beast is the one that generates news the image of the Beast is the one that generates rumors the image of the Beast is the one that generates fake videos fake pictures and also fake news false flag it's all generated by the image of Beast and I believe that even our beloved President Biden is guided completely not a little bit but 100 Guided by whom by the image of the Beast absolutely so then the second horse is needed for it to start to ride what we've seen up until now is that there's no such thing as Seven Seals seven trumpets and seven separate plagues 21 punishment's absolutely stupid no there's no one to punish and there is makes no sense of anything on this Earth because the punishments have a sense as a biological sense of the sicknesses they have to have a sense those punishments have a sin so then Yahweh to do away with completely sealing The Book of Revelation divided only one punishment into three different names seals trumpets plagues and many other things that he called he said that you have to put it together and to take details from every one thing why do I say this because the Book of Revelation which means the revelation is a book that's written only that it's understood because it was written for everyone but only because the whole world could access it but they cannot understand because it was written only for whom it was written for the bride and this I remind you because sometimes you forget with what I teach you we have to go because this this difficult to accept eases to hear me but it's difficult to accept let us go like Revelation 1 1 says and I'll read it in the basic language Bible see how it sounds it says God has shown unto Jesus Christ what soon will happen and it shouldn't started listening to me in this point you have to understand that you're Jesus Christ always was an ignorant fool just as ignorant as a human being like us and just like us and limited like us without being able to see the future not forward nor backwards that his father you beloved eternitarian if you believe this that his father at some point in time says come here son come here my son Jesus Christ come here now I'm gonna show you what will happen in Jesus Christ your beloved part of the Trinity says yes Dad okay show me show me because I don't know anything what's gonna happen that what's gonna happen and then you imagine Jesus like can you imagine Jesus Christ like that if you're turntarian you have to open your eyes if you're listening to me Jesus Christ did not know the future accepted Jesus Christ is not the God creator accepted because he feels that God created he would know the future he created it what if he's going to create things but he's not gonna know what's what will happen the father has to come and tell him look what you created we'll end this way oh good thing that I have your advice oh father or else so then what's it say God the father has shown unto Jesus Christ what will soon happen because he didn't know that he show it unto his servants so then Jesus Christ doesn't know anything the father says what will happen another for him to go and tell his servants that is why Jesus Christ has communicated unto John his servant through an angel and John has written it or the truth down that is what the whole world understands and does not understand and is sealed let's read the Spanish to each age this is it says Revelation but the word I don't like the word revelation because the reveal means to Veil once again I'll change it by a d vailing this is the debating that God did unto Jesus Christ Yeshua hamashiach Jesus Christ that he's shown to servants what soon will happen it is so clear the bug starts in a way it says look this book is for Jesus Christ that Jesus Christ showed unto his servants and then one says wow if Now understand [Music] that the father in Yeshua is the same person hot could this be this is a parable no it's not a parable this goes way past a bearable this is saying that this book is written by the father that made himself be called Yeshua two thousand years ago in made himself flesh this book was written to make it be known unto someone that is called Jesus Christ that that's another future but it needs for it to know it so that in turn in the moment right time it makes it be known unto his servants wow and who is that father we know that it's one alone who is Jesus Christ it's not a person but it's a group of people it's the bride it is concealed it is the mashiach and who are the servants the rest of the people that will dwell upon the Earth very clear from the 144 000 to until the rest a third that's what it is we have the three people God the bride and the servants the subjugates uh however you want to call him so then this book takes off by saying this is wisdom that God gives unto his bride and his bride will give it and to the servants so then who the are we we're either the bride or we'll never understand dog unless a certain Jesus Christ comes and explains it to us but since Yahweh has been guiding us through this path we understand this book is for us and someday we will give it to be known into the world exactly but for now we understand it so then in the Seven Seals the seven trumpets in seven plagues it's not 21 punishments but rather it's seven different stages of punishment or situations in every one of them certain things are detailed certain things for me are not true pay attention maybe I misexplained it certain things you should not pay attention to because you cannot understand them but that's not the problem it's not what's basic because basic is what is understandable of every punishment and in every group of seals of trumpets and of plagues there are details that I have to take from there combine them because they're all written in code it's like if I were to say a whole book of codes and not every word is valuable in the group of codes they get you dizzy every three words this was the true one the rest one throw it away it's garbage no but it's all written so the Bible even if it's all written every word of the Bible most of them are garbage in order to conceal because or else it would not be concealed do you understand what I'm saying so then we have to know how to eliminate what is no good and what is good to cover that is not understood for example when it says Yeshua my father we understand that that is garbage there's no such thing as his father he's the father so then if I start you know I'm obstinate and say no he does have a father he said he had a father you're not going anywhere you're with a concealed scripture so then you have to know how to eliminate words entirely in order to discover the truth something it doesn't mean and pay attention every one of you listening doesn't mean that every word of the Bible is true no most of the words of the Bible are concealing Veil to cover and seal to seal the truth once you understand the truth you'll see that many words are left over many are left over what do we do with this it's there if you know the truth the rest of course it's hey there's a lot of hate in the Bible yes there's a lot of hey in the Bible and most of them that say that they understand that they are hay Riders that like hey and not grain the Bible is the entire Plantation you have to harvest it and to blow out the hay and to keep the grain the people say this is all green every single part of this is purified by Yahweh part of the cover and we're still going on with the cover foreign I will open my mouth in Parables from the moment that you open your mouth it'll be a parable and a parable is a lie hey if you can a are able to open it and you they ask them they asked why do you speak stupid I mean Parables it's so that they don't understand because if they were to understand they're gonna want to convert and I would have to save them I don't want to save them so then I speak to them in a way that scene they don't see hearing they don't understand that they are not allowed to comprehend it and they're not converted to the truth so then I'm going to write a whole field of hey you have to know how to harvest it you have to know how to process it to get to the grain who can get to the green the Kings only the Kings only can get to the green the rest are hayriders hey writers pajeros in Spanish which just means jerk-offs pretty much and they eat the hay exactly for idiots for globe hits and all the rest ing Parables for idiots exactly absolutely completely very well sudden moving on from every trumpet we have to get some details doesn't mean that it's all true no there is hey from every seal it could be things that are very true but you have to know how to program them and for the flex the same thing so then already we decoded the first the first seal trumpet plague why because it's already happened that's why it's easy to decode it or else we wouldn't have had the least idea of what it was we could predict we could speak but it was all hay until that seal was opened and we didn't understand that the White Horse was the pharmacaya and it was the gods of the white robe the white robe priest and that what it means the arch that it's a toxin that it went out conquering because of course the people went out to continue to can conquer to con to Mark the population until it came look pay attention before it happened before that seal happened I thought that the White Horse would just show up and I always says so sets up yeshua's the White Horse is the message of the Eternal truth why I didn't have the least idea what it was for what reason because it was the seal was not opened that's right you have to open the seal and the opening of the seal is so that we can print it so then first of all the seal has to be open so that we comprehend that's the way it is seven lamb opens the seal so understands them and wear the lamb but barely then when we open the seal we can understand before it says no there's a red horse a white one a black one whatever a yellow one but we won't understand it what do I want to say with this what I'm trying to say with this the problem I could end it here that the only certain that I have of this subject is that the first sealed the first trumpet first plague the rest it'll all be speculation why because it's not opened exactly we could speak that's why we're here that's why we get together that's why we're friends that's what's a Shabbat we can speak because up until now the air is free and it allows us to speak and we like to anticipate even though if we don't even get close to the Mark we like to anticipate what's the problem but as the more you speak about a subject with the ACT is produced that is where you understand it if you never speak about a subject you'll never understand on the other hand this is written for us so then we're going to try to understand to see what the word says written for us first seal I'd given it already but I'll give it to it again this is the only one that we have here it says and I continue to see when the lamb opened the first seal if you thought the second seal is going to happen like this third one's gonna happen like this and like this no you're wrong the only one that can say how it happened is the first one the second one and the third fifth sixth and seventh we're going to talk about that but from then on out for us to know we could get close because since one was opened we know that there's a consequence from one and to the other and could be very close look very close and with a lot of inspiration if Yahweh allows it we could even hit the mark So then let's see the first seal Revelation 6 1-2 and I saw when the lamb opened one of the seals and I heard as it were the noise of thunder in one of the 4B same come and see and I saw and build a white horse we had never discovered who was that white horse never until we saw it ride and I saw a white horse this is for Michaela it's the white room peace priests it is the worldwide organization of Health they just canceled or ended pandemonium a little bit out of time of the 1290 the gonna head Jesse's what are you doing it was before you had to close it and the 1290 you you make us look bad but how it's got 1290 it's close for us and they said no that's true let's close it it the pandemonium has ended the pandemic has I don't know if you knew that what a good calculation of them that's good absolutely spectacular when was it fulfilled the 1290 it's been 15 days back precisely the first of event do you remember it ended up there this for 15 days like to go against but to close the hour the decision they made it 15 days ago so then publicly they say it has been closed the whole pandemic but when did they take that decision it could be possible due to these dates because we speak prophetically not because of what they do specifically and to the public we go with the scripture and it was fulfilled I was astonishingly so 12 90 days and now whoever wants because you're an idiot if you want to add your arrow of course you always have that or you have I don't know raise or chemotherapy you can choose whatever you want but it's already not an obligation to wear it that's what I'm getting at it's been closed it's been closed why because the time has been close for them it says that we can no longer so then what let's see with the artificial intelligence comes up with see what the they come up with we don't know who is guiding it Yahweh also guides it but of course maybe it thinks more than what we think but it's very good it gives me a lot of Hope to understand that me at least so then what's the first thing that it says I saw a white horse and the one riding had an arch it's a stock Zone in Greek I would never have understood it because toxon is an arch but if you research it could be a poisonous one in fact it started to call toxin to The Arches that would throw arrows that were poisoned to kill but it's not using that in the toxin was left there like a bowl you understand what I'm saying but the reality of the word the root is poison cast from above what a better figure of what we saw of the obligation that the White Horse these white horses which are horses really some idiots some jackasses really jackasses of the White Horse of the white robe so then the symbol is perfect who who can understand this only those who Yahweh allows them to understand no one else and I saw and behold a white horse and he that sat on him had a bowl of toxin and it would shoot poison things and that is where we get the word toxin the word toxin comes from this word exactly and ask yourself if it has some sort of talks and what these white jackasses shoot and a crown was given into them this for them because you always should do things that are so funny what is this that a crown was given into them because it had it be the little problem because the toxin comes for the crown so then wet these jackasses shoot is against the crown precisely so then it's not that you have to have a white horse with a bow and a crown no they are specific terms that you have to decipher not even the order matters I'll repeat this again not even the order matters there's a lot of hey so what do I take from here I'll take toxin I'll take pharmacaya and I'll take crown with that I understood everything the rest I could give a it's no good it's no good I think in a crowd of it no you idiot don't be a idiot this is what it is to understand the secret that is written in the Bible it is to know has nothing to do with the crown even if you imagine it had a crown it's like hints you've never seen a story that you gotta get hints from exactly the puzzles riddles so they'll imagine a crown these crystals do no don't imagine that they're hints and then it gives us the name of the problem gives the name of the problem because the solution that they'll give those of the white robe and in that solution what their well-being a toxin it's more than clear but then clear and you go out to conquer same thing why because it was already conquered the pharmacaya had already conquered the entire world in order to achieve this they had to have already conquered the whole world once they conquered it's still conquering more than clear impossible so then let us now go to the plague Revelation I mean to the trumpet Revelation and I'll read only number seven Revelation 8 7 in the first Angel sounded the trumpet and they're followed hail and fire mingled with blood and they were cast upon the earth and the third part of trees were burnt up and all green grass was burnt up here there's Hay all over the place but I have to know how to look up the turns I already have one that once you open the seal I understood it since now I understand that the plagues are just like the trumpets and just like the seals that allows me to understand the secret of this what's important here is not that there as a storm from Heaven that hail fell and that it had blood whose blood who's blood that this storm have that fell I want you to think because the Christians that read this they imagine a storm a real Storm from heaven with real hail with real blood and that it really gets burnt up the trees and that the third part of the trees was burnt up because there was hail and fire mingles with blood okay none of this has any sense until you find the relation that it has with the for sale but of course that's what the seals come first and the trumpets and plagues in the order that it is written because it's the same thing but in the order you have the seals first then the trumpets were written then the plagues were written so that uh so as long as we understand the seal we understand what's coming later do you understand no one can understand first the trumpets and then the plague and then the seal no first you understand the seal then the trumpet along with the plagues Southern so that you understand the secret is in the seals once you open the seal it allows you to understand what the trumpet really says and what really the plague says you cannot understand it without opening that seal first you can understand what the trumpet and the plague say you can't understand it you have to open the seal first imagine how stupid it would be for us to understand that Trump and the seal hasn't been opened it's impossible I said sealed precisely so then it's all symbolism the seal means now it'll be opened and now you'll understand it before you cut and you understand what I'm saying okay so then it says the first Angel sounded and there followed hail hail like ice this week they told me someone told me notice that the first dose of the arrows they all came in ice you have to keep them at a temperature it was the first one they would spread out do you remember they all came in the plains because you had to keep it at such a temperature even the symbol it came like hail you see like hail and then they said nah it doesn't I mean it's too much trouble it was all live because it was all live it was all stupid because we're idiots really not me it's them they're completely idiots because first they tell you you have to keep it I don't know how many 70 degrees below zero and they said nah you know what you can keep it at room temperature ah the year it has been passed use it either way if it's been expired I'm telling you the truth I mean it's all stupid because people are stupid completely stupid because they said first has to be I don't know how many degrees below zero because it's that secret secret things that get ruined and then they said how much they were spending that it was not convenient and then said nah you know what just put it in your fridge and then wherever just wherever they don't get ruined they don't get ruined wasn't it that it got ruined before hail it was hail freezing hell fell mixed with blood wasn't that the hail makes blood tell symbols I have hail eyes I've already related that is if I do it's the least important but blood something so they Now understand the seal tells me that the pharmacaya comes with a toxin that toxon is for a crown and in the trumpet it amplifies it and it says now I'll give you some more hints it's not the whole trumpet it's just hints grab the words it goes into the blood so then I start to see and say of course pharmacaya white horse white Rogue priest with a toxin that it goes into the blood perfect and then by the way we give them eyes you have to keep them cold we put the hey the ice and cast upon the Earth but of course they were all cast the whole campaign of trump called it was called speed War the first one is this I'm gonna even have the army to help that they all get their does exactly they are casting it they're launching as they say the first does exactly they were cast upon the air launched for the whole Earth for everyone exactly so then we launched to Spain Italy Argentina to Russia to everyone launched upon the Earth it's more than clear last and here come things that you have to take into account that this is fulfilled or how it is fulfilled in the third part of the trees were burnt up we want to know what it means to be burnt up we don't know what it means and the trees represent the sense of Elohim but what Sons because there's this obedient Sons exactly they all are called sons of Elohim this is the third part of the trees were burnt up and the trees are being burnt up really they are being burnt up and being burnt means that they die problems all kinds of problems that they have aside from Sudden is death you have sadness and they come back to life you have trombones and all types of problems it's like they're being burnt inside and the whole green grass was burnt up what is that that I don't know and I could care less maybe it is a part of the hay so then I don't pay attention to it if sometime I can relate it or I can see how it is fulfilled then that's perfect but we're in the seal that is already opened now we go to the plague Revelation 16 1-2 and I heard a voice that came from the temple saying to the seven angels go your ways and pour out the vials of the wrath of God upon the Earth now the green grass could that be the dollars well that'd be interesting why grass me the greenbacks is dollars perfectly well it could be perfectly well that are going to start to be burnt up and off and disappear it could all be the fall of the banks that's very interesting that's why when when we understand until it is fulfilled completely we're gonna see little details about this so then that's good that was good like grass the white the green grass green dollars exactly as long as they don't burn my Yerba made that I'd be very upset a green stick is a million dollars in Argentina we use that a green stick means a million you don't use that right of course they're all floating as long as my yerba mate is not burnt it's all great right there I get very upset with Elohim of the year but maybe gets burnt up okay okay all the white grass was burnt up let's go to the trumpet the plague and it says in the first went and poured out his vial upon the Earth and there fell anoism and Grievous sword an ulcer we could replace it which we've already seen as a malign plague or a poisonous wound and more than that even a poisonous wound and malignant remember in English that Brian read to us an evil and poisoning wound uh malignant poisonous wound an evil poisonous wound Southern when I take everything that I took of the first CEO the first trumpet now you see the plague it only amplifies the details this is the very same act the very same action but it gives me more details it tells me that it's a malignant ulcer what precisely they shoot that toxin against the crown it is a malignant ulcer and anoism and not of pain but it's malicious upon men which had the mark of the beast and who are the men that have the bark of the Beast the mark of the beast are those who accept this system so then those who have the mark of the beast this wound they accepted and they carry it it is a relation there is the first seal first seal opened mark of the beast so then when the first yield is opened they are left marked or sealed those who belong to the Beast we could say that this be the mark in itself but I could Advance a little more and elaborate of saying only it affects this to those that already worship the system and they have the mark of the beast let's see if we understand I could say I don't want to confuse you but I want you to think we have to think openly and outside the box does not mean if I were to say that it is this the mark of the beast how do I hold it but if I say that exclusively it's this if someone were to come and says they grabbed me three and four and forcefully they place it inside me and unfortunately I would say I have the mark of the beast I never wanted it they placed it upon me by force and I have the mark of the beast in my mind it doesn't work that way it doesn't work that way this is not in itself to Mark the Beast but the way the text says the altar though or the wound comes upon those who have the mark of the beast so then what am I trying to say how can I relate one thing with another perfectly well those that go and they go in one way or another oh because they want it already before placing it because they want it out of need because they want it out of protection that decision is the mark of the beast the mark of the beast is the accepting of the pharmacaya because if you're sick because if you're completely against you're not going to use it so it doesn't matter I'm going so then even if they inject all the times I don't have it because I don't have it because you violated me but I don't want to have a relationship with you you can rape me all the times you want but I don't want to have anything with you now if I lay down with a person lay with a person because I want my the job because of the pleasure that is something else but out of rape I don't have it so then the relationship of this that there is with wanting it or accepting it out of convenience that's the way it is before I place it I have the mark already inside of the Beast do you understand what I'm saying and it confirms it this confirms it now some guy no sleeping in the hospital some old guy he didn't know what the they were doing to him because he lost his conscience and they add that I don't consider that the mark of the beast a kid that didn't know what the also I don't consider it to be the marketplace I don't consider it because the kid doesn't even know what the they're doing doesn't have power of saying no that's what the father does or the mother they take him and they add it I can't say that it has the mark of the beast I can't say that it's got the mark of the beast the mark of the beast is born with the desire of having it now of a child like I've seen cases that they say go ahead nut no I'll buy you a PlayStation okay I'll allow it then of course he decided first he said no you understand what I'm trying to say right it's understandable if a newborn baby how can they Mark a newborn baby if the baby says but hold on I can't even speak and you tell me that I have the mark go to the that bore you when the baby is grows up and says you did what you circumcised me and you didn't want I want to kill all those sons of that circumcised me not me okay all right I in uncircumcised but if uh circumcised baby wants to recover that part of himself of course he has uh the right to and annihilate the whole world because he's marked when he never asked for that now if you are of the pharmacaya sons of Palacios people in Palacio says enter into the Covenant with Yahweh if you with the two lights here that Dodge it son of a everyone that's listening to listen to palacias can go off unto the that bore you in to Hell itself I'll place you there myself that son of a and their followers of incentive it says if you want to enter into the Covenant with Yahweh and as long as you go by the try and I go like this and I don't worship it I don't worship it I'm just respecting the name of Yahweh I will be in charge of you entering into the Covenant if you do not circumcise yourself you don't enter into the Covenant with Yahweh and I can make it easy for you because I'm a doctor and that son of a does thousands of circumcisions what a son of a tell the truth I have no other words than to insult that dog person son of a person that has to be disappeared from this plane for a thousand years let's just be from this plane so then if a child is circumcised they don't have the mark of the beast it is the mark of Israel and of the beast that's clear but for me it's no not work valid because they didn't ask for it they didn't accept it it was not a member of Palacios that comes as yes my beloved Roy they called him right they come draw it the rodent Palacios my beloved rodent Palacios cut that piece off cut it off because I want to enter into the Covenant the ending Covenant that you're going to enter is the Covenant of the Shabbat which a thousand years of rest and I'll be in charge personally that you enter into the Covenant the Covenant of the rest of a thousand years that's where you're in granted because you're a son of a you and those who accept that dog now we move on to the market the final Beast which is this only it's valid those that say yes I need to travel I need to stay I want the paperwork I want to play a tennis attorney I need it I don't like it I'm against this but please put it on me because I also I lose my job I won't be a pilot I lose my dog job be good but that's the only thing I have and I lose it so then I accept that I don't want it and then the other one says where is it I'll be the first one there I need more I need more arrows here you see how they're all the types of people that were complaining why aren't they sending more arrows how unfair those politicians use it first and they don't leave anything for us the people we want more arrows we got those two people I was watching uh newscast that says bolsonaro that had two two arrows as it turns out they're not he's in the usoba he's no longer a president he says I don't have anything he says I he was never inoculated against the cup of wine they said how if you have the certificate of two now they went and they went into the offices of the doctors where they did the certificate to investigate everything there are problems with that tell me how it goes because I don't know the last news but they're telling me that the Brazilian president he got Falls certificates of a because now he says that he's anti anti-toxin Destin but you don't have two this is I don't have any actually I don't what a son of a what a son of a all these politicians must have done it oh yes of course I mean that one what a idiot this guy I mean many said um can you give me the certificate just make it just print it out I'll give you these dollars and do it for me but I think can they prove it of course they have to analyze the blood and then we'll see if he has it or not there they can see it but a proof the doctor can add it and they drop it on the floor and that's it tougher they have everything how is it going to be proven the guy has to be there that has something inside wow okay and if that were true and then Trump did the same thing and you know how people will get angry no they grab a huge sword for them to burn everything down and for Rome and Babylon to burn and everything Southern where are we on we are in that we are in the I want to clarify that of the mark the Mark is not the product itself is that clear the Mark if I'm go to the dentist that I haven't gone to if I go to the dentist or one of you has gone and they had part of the mark and the product that they added that is not the mark it's kind of like a you can drink poison it's not the mark you can make a bad decision in Santa Mark the Mark is precisely this against the cup of the wine 19. and it's not the product itself but to allow yourself to be marked do you understand what I'm saying right okay another example I'll give that's surprising if for some a chance some guy goes into jail whether he's uh guilty or not let's say he's innocent they he goes into jail they don't ask you whether you want this or not when you accept it or not they'll add whatever they want and then they say if you want or else they won't even tell you what it's good for this it just get naked and off that's it it's over that guy didn't know what it was at and he has a mark in my point of view he does not have the mark the Mark is when they say I want that because of this motive in order to not lose this to obtain this or because I want the protection that guy has the mark okay I hope that that is cleft clear it's not the product itself even it's a poison but desire of obtaining it that's why the Texas I'll read it again so that it is very clear let us go in the Spanish are we in 1862 and the first Angel went and poured out his vial his cup upon the Earth and there felt uh malignant and Grievous plague spectacular fell upon men which had the mark of the beast apparently the plague which is poured out comes out upon them that already have the mark of the beast do you understand what I'm saying so then the mark of the beast is here who marks you it's just like the Seal of Elohim is here also so then the mark of the beast is already a decision pre-made in in some point in time it comes to like what that product has and upon them that worshiped its image that is what it is to have the mark of the beast those who worship the image those worship the image of the Beast so accept that's why I believe that the image of the Beast which is the artificial intelligence that is the one that Yahweh guides and mix it people do Insanity I have stopped to think how could it be that presidents be some so sons of at the top of idiots because they make a decision and then they make another and then another that if they had taken one decision just to the whole world they would have done it from the very beginning but first they say use a mask no no they're no good then use the mask then no no they're no good now you have to use double are you idiots no apparently there's someone that guides some guides the stupidity apparently the one that guides the stupidity is called the image of the Beast which makes them do that and who gets the image of the Beast here we have that figure and here we have that figure in Eddie who guides the image of the Beast to telohim as long as he drinks with a beast he guides it guides the image that's it in fact even more imperceivable it's impossible because that's so stupid decisions between themselves a stupid decisions that would have been great for them to say well good for them not for me The Mask you have to use it from the very beginning and never contradictions but when you start to see so many contradicts and says what's going on here are we we're idiots but you really take us to be absolutely idiots I think that the artificial intelligence makes them say and do all those stupidity things that they do so I don't understand wow what a way of speaking another 50 it's been two hours already so easy time has been flying I don't know about you maybe you're all sleeping already two hours and the people speak two minutes and they're drinking water I need water I need water wow good thing I'm not like that because otherwise this would be so boring absolutely horrible so then we've understood the first seal first trumpet first plague that has to do with what we've has already been opened and we've studied others like Shabbat doesn't matter so that it's recorded in your mind we study it again we see it again we understand that that we have to take certain details from every seal from every trumpet every seal and every plague so that we combine them and understand what actually has happened or will happen in those that haven't been up on second seal and of course it's got to do with the first one because they're not a sequence is launched a sequence of events it's they're all related or else there would not be Seven Seals they have to be related so then we already start until they haven't been up until we haven't the least idea what they would be once they're opened once they're opened it gives us hints to guide us even if we don't know exactly what it is but at least we have a point to start you understand what I'm saying if there's nothing opened I haven't the least idea and we didn't have it and we didn't have it once this first one is open we say oh it's this way so then we stay in that path and there we could be very well on the mark within error uh and within the speculative terrain we could be very well on the mark second seal trumpet plague revelation 6. three four and I want to stop already yeah let you suffer a little bit let's say if you have a casino night lags you don't comment nothing it says 251 likes who is watching and did not like there's someone right like the past I'm feeling despair there's someone that has the they're disturbing in their heart and Satan is fighting with you you are in a spiritual battle I want you to stand up and have a and I I don't practice I don't even practice it and then you want to have a covenant with Jesus Christ I want for everyone that is standing that are fighting that have a fight in their heart you're battling with things that you have to defeat and you know that you can't but with the power of Jesus you can defeat them I want you to come down there are they mean to please sit down Ali Ali was already halfway stop Ali it was just a joke it was just a joke so then I'm asking who was the son of a that didn't give us a like you have a battle in your heart do I app the like or not and I'd like to know who are the sons of that put the finger down in the other subject Last Ship It Forward I mean dislikes they what don't watch me why do you waste your time it's so attractive that you have to watch me just to give me the dislike wow what's on some I mean you have what I'm going to use words of Germanic medicine what do you call do you have an incoherence in your heart because you like what you see you like what you hear but since it's not compatible with your beliefs with your Bible your religion so then you decide to give us a dislike you're an actual son of a but now I'm calling you change your way of thinking up in your mind open your mind the Bible is there to be understood to enjoy it that is what the Bible is there for Wow incredible no no I'm not going to be that type of a Preacher but then I have thousands of people that way that's the people they're all happy I have whole gang of Outlaws and which are the best I don't want the fake ones that are just sentimentalists they have their problems of their sins their hidden I don't want those I want you that are Kings no one else so then the rest can oh off to hell okay where are we here where and if if I don't have any more I have 283 lags with 280 85 views if I don't have more likes I'll stop the subject here I'll make the prayer and I'll go and eat we're gonna go in we're gonna eat matzo tacos we're gonna eat pasta noodles that are so with chicken with flan Leslie meat I'm sorry if I don't have three more likes then the ones that are watching so then get an another account and give a like more of 282 likes 285 watching and we need no now it's even further away yeah I mean there's tons of that like to watch me they enjoy watching me who why do you give me a dislike you know why they come because they love what they hear no if not at this point in time and if the Blessed artificial intelligence there's no good that Christianity they stopped to thinking why this and why that 286 likes nah you know I'm gonna pardon you no no no give me that little bottle Brian it's outside there that says they've seen the picture it's in the invitation we had a spectacular Argentinian wine from Mendoza where I was born I am from the region of the Kujo of Mendoza it's spectacular all of argentine's spectacular it's all my sister was born in Cordoba San Luis and San Juan Mendoza San Luis in San Juan is that the region of the kuyo but today we're gonna drink a Chilean wine which is a Concha in Toro company it's suggestive it's suggestive Concha and Toro and it's called the Reserva casillero Del Diablo of the devil I was watching this soccer game and the propaganda of this came up and I'd already bought it and I see the propaganda and it's look and it says you know wine so special that even the devil protects it I don't have the voice of a radio host but as such a special one that even the devil protects it drink Concha and Toro casillero Del Diablo the devil's own locker look Argentina Chile and California has the better wine than France second a second you understand what I'm saying right Chile Argentina California first second like in the World Cup France second place I have to explain it or else no one understands exactly the second one I mean off to be second it'd be better to not even get to the final to be seconds better not even to get to the final that's the way it is because every time we say well I hear people that don't even get to the final but to get to the final is a hell because either you win or it'd be better than they didn't get there many people say but at least you're second place no second is elimination and shame every time that we were eliminated by Germany what sense of I mean you should have to do away with that Country Soccer League speaking because they stole from some Ninja Harmony was a torture the penalties they didn't give us all the penalties that they didn't give us and the penalties that they gave them what tons of pages in 90 they won the Cup by codaisal that son of a Mexican Arbiter that gave the penalty that did not exist but Germany and that's how they won dozens of then afterwards then afterwards in Brazil in the final with Germany once again it says the finals that we have lost how they're difficult how we cry them we cry for them once again with Germany it says that that team from Germany did how many it was like seven against Brazil seven goals seven one or six one was it seven against Brazil like the seven plagues okay now it's already embarrassing I think they should turn off the TV already by the six I turn off the TV seven one seven one that's seven plagues seven plagues seven that team that added seven goals against Brazil in the at home not that they were fighting in the Congo they were their own fans with the public failed and in German comes one two three they would never stop four five six seven and the average stopped the time because they would say eight nine ten seven we played against that Germany we played better than that German thousand times better and to top it off they stole a penalty that the Archer went and he hit what he called the son of a some dead guy but oh well every time they play it was that guy I mean he came from River Plate they're chickens this Sunday they're going down they just added five goals against these chickens I mean support things um and they're little our little brothers poor things they embarrassed me five goals Flamenco against River well another gonna play against Boca but the chickens are that way they are the bidders of Argentina when they're not a champion those tribes are empty and go go okay what were we on we are in that Brazil lost seven to one we played with them he got a ball in the area and with his knees he jumps and he hits him in the head to iguane you can see it there he hits him with his knee against iguain knocks him to the floor almost leaves him unconscious Archer never goes against the the ball he's the the son of a Harper says there's no penalty there's nothing what do you mean there's no penalty no nothing nothing and then later some minutes left Germany comes and the dog shot gold and they're jumping what sons of pages absolutely sons of Argentina has three it should have five because they stole and then they say that we stole and then they blame us but what we're talking about we're talking about wines I just reminded you that the super classic comes but we're talking about wines and wines we're gonna take I have three bottles afterwards uh that it's about to end and then later after eating I will enjoy this wine only three where everything is perfect later on I'll tell you how good it was Leslie will write to you how it was I think it's good the chili and wines are spectacular and the devil takes care of it if the devil takes care of them should be good exactly the devil made me buy it exactly it's very good the devil made me buy it tempted me man you buy it there it is very good it's yeah has it gone up oh yes now we have more likes now we do have more likes than people watching uh you convinced me you have convinced me we'll move on five more minutes we'll add five more minutes you convince me five more minutes but don't complain here you have to make time until Yahweh wants to do anything you have to make kill time so then we have Marcia bats we have Marcia bats ahead exactly see other people make time the players make time do you remember that movie War game where they have a huge machine which is the one that decides whether to send the missiles or not exactly so then they play a game against the machine I mean exactly and the nuclear destruction comes I remember that movie there are so many movies I just remembered Hector you wanted to say something you're gonna say I forgot what I'm trying to say more expensive the arrows to obtain it right they were dying to have it exactly many people would travel far to obtain it because they wanted it then to really die and dime to die then I'll dine because of having it exactly I'm dying to obtain it and then later I die because I obtained them that's the way it is that's the way it is that's the way it is okay very very well two hours five minutes second seal trumpet plague Revelation 6 3 4. it's as follows there it is and I saw the seven angels that were standing before God no what am I reading that wasn't it pardon me that wasn't it Revelation 6 3 4 3 4 I said a Revelation 6 3 4 of Jerusalem 2001 reads follows and when he had opened the second CEO and we get to the Invitational text right who's the plague or the seal the seal the seal okay good good or else then I have problems with Leslie when you open the second seal as he heard the second beast say come and there went out another horse a red one this time and the one that wrote there on was given to him that sat there on to take peace from the earth and that they should kill one another and there was giving it to him a great sword obviously obviously the first thing that comes to mind because it's the most normal thing in logical and which is the most literal thing that success which is war between the people's sword is to kill if the piece is taken away from the Earth is that there is war there is anguishers tribulation we're clear right or else we're at peace because we're either time of peace or War so then this seal unless it has something surprisingly hidden it makes us understand that it is a war at a level of countries at a level of individual and civil also because it says that the red horse when the seal is open because of course there's no horse there of course there's no horse it's symbols and when the time comes the determined time the one that will right now on this Earth is war in red because of blood so then there will be the true pouring of blood wherever and that they may kill one another that is very very explicit that they would kill one another it is rather a death that is literal or in the social media apparently it would seem more real more literal that they kill one another because they're given a great sort and what is the sword what is that great sword mean uh means or a reason to kill that great sword is not a sword that in is given to every human being but rather it's a means by which they hate one another and kill them that is the means now let us go to the trumpets trumpet light we can have it the trumpet but let's continue to talk about this but of course better read the trumpet and then I'll read the plague Revelation 8 8 through 9. and the second Angel sounded and it were a great Mountain burning with fire was cast into the sea this becomes very interesting and the third part of the sea turned into blood in the third part of the creatures which were in the sea and that life died and the third part of the ships was destroyed first of all I'll tell you the sea is not the sea that we know it's not the oceans they have nothing to do with the poor bugs that live in the sea not the whales no the octopuses or the fish not that the sea is the symbol of people's Nations tribes and tongues it's oven once I know that apparently that piece is taken away and there's war the second the second trumpet amplifies the image and it says there's kind of like a great Mountain yeah great Mountain not whatever Mountain a great Mountain that is burning in fire and is cast into the sea with that you can already imagine everything because it's been time that we've cast The Great Mountain to cast 7 to the Sea there's no chance when yisha says if you were to have faith actually if you believed and have faith you would tell that mountain to cast itself into the sea I would tell that mountain too sink in the sea or to cast something to the desert no to cast itself into the sea the same phrase so then we start we start to see those things we say there is there is a hint no one understands this key except for the Eternal truth that great Mountain which is cast into the sea and it has nothing to do with the oceans it's got nothing to do with a literal Mountain what is it in the third part of the sea turned into blood the third part of the tribes Nations and peoples become blood so then there's a real death here in the third part of the living beings that the creatures so much it could be that we're in the sea in the third part of the ships were destroyed what ships the ones that in the sea what are those ships all the types of ships tanks and artifacts that the humans have those are the ships we go to the plague see what the plague says before we talk about this even more what does the plague say I don't know if I want to talk about this this even more it's yeah because Leslie says uh cut it off already yeah you did yeah lately said cut it off already I'm hungry Brian said let's see when you stop already and we're going to eat it's a day of Feasts I don't want to ruin the fees and some are already entering into bikurim and I don't want to ruin that day for them even if you say no continue go on I'm ruining it for you I'm gonna read the plague the plague says the second angel poured his cup upon the sea once again the same thing the same scene and this one turned into blood like that over dead body not common but because the two witnesses also have power to turn the waters into blood it turns them into living people because from water turns into wine blood but this one says into blood as of a dead man as of a Deadman means a dead body uh coagulated blood dead blood it's gonna look we call that uh chorizo what do you call morsiga would you call it Murcia foreign like black pudding you said Morongo right not something else moronga you said right okay moronga I want to be sure moronga or morsilla that is the blood of a dead man okay it's coagulated and precisely the problem of the toxin causes for the blood to be coagulated it gets coagulated it causes thrombosis okay if you start in the microscope you see the differences of how the red blood cells act from Pure people as people with toxin very different it's thick their filaments are starting to be forms and nodules I mean it's awful awful it's nauseous so then we're still there yes so it's called Black Pudding well putting like vanilla pudding you see I didn't know the color the color like that blood sausage black pudding wow that is what they call the Morongo um Spanish it is a blood chorizo moronga of Egypt it says like pudding very good and I know there's black pudding in my city they call it black pudding it was as the blood of a dead man and all living beings that were in the sea died I mean it's an exaggeration the place and exaggeration what do you mean every living being died so then when I compare it when it says and the third part died is the third part died of the living beings I'll say here is the hey not all living beings die or else why if the second plague every living being does what what is the third one comes if there's no one there so then this is hey or a bad translation or hey in the hay I'll just blow it away and I'll keep with a third dies in that third I'll take it with a grain of salt to say what's coming now what's coming now is the fall of Babylon in what Falls Within the people and that is what is combined with Revelations of teeth that's where it comes from from King the third these sons of not like black pudding to the king likes that it's proven he likes the big big sausage he likes the big sausage he likes it the moronga right and Charles III is extremely gay Charles III that be more appropriate the name would be wow absolutely well you made me remember that guy I had forgotten I had forgotten Leslie thank you for reminding me from England once again reminded me about England and that King and seven we're surrounded by Blood by water it's but what does it mean it means that I'll spend to you next about so then without any further Ado without any further ado uh Desire with my whole heart that this be the last basic that will be separated I mean it with or wholeheartedly that we'll be together next one that we all meet each other that we have a great big feast whether the creators with us or not because maybe it's not ready to be there but will be there either way and that we celebrate every one of us with a good question or within the other wine as long as it's Argentinian if possible in order to do away with this Babylon the second seal indicates the fall of Babylon precipitously into the sea cast into the sea and we'll see that next Shabbat along with the other seals but I wish that it's the last Feast separated that the next Feast we can celebrate it together in under different circumstances under different government and that we can actually that this all be fulfilled this year without any further Ado let us seek our Elohim beloved Yahweh we give you thanks for this precious Shabbat for this precious pesach for this precious day of unleavened bread due to this precious Bikram that is beginning we give you thanks because you always give us wisdom because you open up the seals that we can understand because you have given us the Book of Revelation for us that we can decode it that we can enjoy it that we can know what will happen on this Earth and what is happening and we know that we're living in the very last times we know that now in the very first time in history an image exists cold image but speaks because you gave it that power you allowed it to have live and it talks and it makes decisions and once it makes a precisely the ones prophesized we give you thanks because you have made us and have made us understand what the mark of the beast is and how to protect ourselves from these sick sickly or white robe priests or this we thank you for in expecting that it's all this takes place this year in this prophecies that are related of the sons of Elohim the power that we're waiting for to do away with all this in your precious name in the name of our husband Yahweh sabot Hallelujah December 5. Let The Laurels be Eternal that we knew how to achieve crowned with Glory let us live long live the argentum foreign a great big hug on behalf of all of us to each and every one of you that are on this Flat Earth and that very soon we shall get together and know each other in person to everyone of you | LVE Ministerio 2 | UCgILKms-mixBswxGaqmCj1Q | 2023-05-09 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 19,667 | 100,108 |
uu8rYOd8aLc | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uu8rYOd8aLc | South London worked on the D Day Mulberry Harbour | the achievement of the famous mulbury ports which enabled D-Day to hasten the Day of Victory and peace was a local job months of experimenting and planning in the norbury office of mess's Weights limited were followed by more months of construction at special workshops at Mitchum and balam later men from strattam one of them bombed out from his home went to Southampton and other dock areas for further construction at Mitchum and balum hundreds of local men worked at high pressure making The Mooring boys for the docks or shuttles as they were termed a considerable portion of the floating Port mulbury Harbor was built by South londoners to the men whose hands forged the dock in Mitchum balum and South India docks and to those whose energies were engaged for months on the gigantic task of planning the work at a norbury office the towing of the harbor across the channel to the Normandy Coast was tangible proof of a job well done but behind this feet of British engineering which enabled Allied soldiers to force away into the European Fortress lies a story of hard work and of energy of hundreds coordinated to the Mastery of a formidable task the story of the part South London played in the building of the harbor began in 1942 when mess's weights limited builders and contractors of norbury were asked to experiment on ways of Landing vehicles and equipment on the long flat sloping beaches inaccessible to ships experimental work started and when the Prime Minister met President Roosevelt in Ottawa in 1943 he carried with him a film showing the detail of a pier made of flexible steel spans supported on reinforced concrete pontoons at Ottawa it was agreed that the floating Pier should be the basis of the invasion Port then came instructions from Mr Churchill for the building of 10 Mi of pier and 5 miles of break water don't argue the matter he said the difficulties will argue for themselves weights were asked to construct 450 concrete pontoons to carry the flexible steel spans on which a road to carry transport from the ships was later laid they were also asked for 500 shuttles or moing boys to steady the pontoons and for 12 Bridge head pontoons the construction of the pontoons presented many problems they had to be but strong enough if a ground to support the steel spans plus the weight of tanks and heavy traffic and that they could be towed broadside as well as bows on for the employees of Weights there came months of unremitting hard work Mr J Heath who has been bombed out from moisa Road stram was at Southampton for about a year supervising the construction of 12 pierhead pontoons with him went Foreman ba Prescott of Norwood Mr aird of tooting George per of Mitchum and Arthur watts of Brixton whose final job before the port was towed out to sea was to instruct army officers and ncos on how to repair the pontoons Mr Heath saw the port assembled and on D-Day he saw it towed out to sea and disappear over the horizon it was a fine sight and a daring Enterprise he said tests had been carried out on sections of the harbor but it had not been possible to have a full dress rehearsal the job was too big to Mr CD Mitchell of new molden Public Works manager fell the onerous task of supervising and planning all the jobs with which The Firm was entrusted he perhaps carried the greatest responsibility of all those working in South London then there was Mr LR seon lamberhurst Road stram who for 18 months was in charge at the West India docks and Mr Morgan who supervised the construction of the Beatles or Ponto at balum a workshop was hastily set up to make the wooden shuttles or Mooring boys and hundreds of local men were taken on for 3 months intensive work those at the Mitchum workshops also worked at high pressure on the shuttles Mr J Jacobs of Ule toured England to buy the right kind of Timber needed for the shuttles Mr CA Webb of new molden organized the transport of the completed shuttles to the coast and Mr Bob Whitaker was in charge of the constru instructional work in the workshops men worked 12 hours every day of the week the first shuttle was made by Mr Arthur Highland Park Road South Norwood from his model all the other shuttles were constructed and then men got to work slowly at first but as practice increased their skill the shuttles came off the jigs ever more rapidly until the time taken for making one shuttle reduced from 2 weeks to 2 Days in the winter of 1944 the night workers among them Frank bull of Brixton carried on during the raids while shrapnel from our own guns pierced the roof of the workshop and fell around them the only ship's Carpenter among the men was Arthur orer of morius who served in the Navy in the last war by the end of the time we were 6 weeks ahead of schedule and were sending shuttles down to the coast so fast that the men there could not assemble them all so we started assembling them ourselves and were still ahead of time he said Arthur had a sea job again boats the feel of the good hard wood that makes them and the curve of the prow are things that stir the blood of Arthur Cole of Abbot Road Wimbledon once Arthur was a sailor he joined the Navy in 1904 and for 23 years sailed the Seas calling at the great ports of the world dodging OTS in the last war and taking part in the Battle of Jutland but even though the sea has become a part of them there comes a time when a sailor must leave the sea Arthur's first job asore was making artificial limbs a job that lasted 10 years it was not that the sea had lost its power over him he built boats in his spare time not showpieces but models to please the heart of a sailor that would sail before and Against the Wind he wanted to build boats for a livelihood and called on every boat builder on the temps from Putney to the Sea but Arthur was not a boat builder they would not start him then he did bomb repair work until at last he went to the labor exchange they'll take you at weights they told him what do they do there he asked coracle building was the reply and Arthur went to work and was happy when the order for shuttles came along he and Frank Ford King were chosen to learn every job required in the building of them and in a week the two of them taught 45 men their jobs Arthur and Frank were key Men If any man was Ill they were there to take over any task Arthur was satisfied and could not work hard enough on one occasion determined to complete a shuttle before he went home he did an operation for which 11 hours was allowed in half an hour these articles appeared on the front page of the Mitchum news and Mercury on Friday the 16th of February 1945 the same story can be found in the British newspaper archive on page three of the Norwood news published on the same day thank you for watching please like and subsscribe | Mitcham Notes | UCSDcG3FaWQxWyPNwnZALJVA | 2024-03-10 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 1,272 | 6,803 |
EK6wpOGPJrc | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EK6wpOGPJrc | Historical Commission 2/9/15 | uh this is the meeting of the northern historical commission this is monday february 9th and um and i just wanted to begin the meeting by letting everybody know that baby is being videotaped so that's the camera and it's on you um and so before we start the meeting we would uh open this up for any general public comment uh would you please raise and and give your name and address janet gross 38 round hill road and i would like to cordially invite members of the commission members of the general public to take a detour some evening or early morning and drive to the top of round hill road to view the lights the multiple lights that blaze with unrelenting ferocity from dusk to dawn sunday through sunday thank you just a question could you please um provide the location of these lights for those of you to do oh i don't think you'll miss them right at the top of round hill road on the west on the campus yes thank you yes hi city councilor marianne lavarge from awards six and it's an honor to be here i did not know about this meeting and many of my residents in the word sex and also the abutters of the dam that you're going to be talking about tonight i have great concerns about transparency and communication with my residents who have been involved with the process of this dam right from the beginning right to the end so i just wanted to let you know that there are concerns and that's why i'm here this evening because of no communication going on of them not being notified of any type of movement nothing with the board of public works working with them who they've worked with them right from the beginning so thank you for having us thank you yes hi my name is barbara pelletier and i'm from west hampton i have some handouts i have enough for some of your colleagues that aren't here yet tonight we're not commissioned you're not committed okay all right i love history and i know that the majority of you do too uh that's why you're on this commission in fact this commission is responsible for the preservation promotion and development of the historic assets of the city and there's no doubt that the upper roberts meadow dam is the historic asset convinced of its significance the friends sought out and were approved for cpa funds only to have mayor higgins disallow the award saying that she doubted seriously uh that the dam was of historic significance so the friends completed a mass historic commission structural um inventory plan form and sure enough the mass historic commission did say that the dam is eligible for listing on the national registering historic places throughout the whole process the forum everything else a lot of things were said to persuade the residents of leeds that the dam was dangerous the board of public works introduced the scenario of the 1874 earth and dam failure in williamsburg in 1874 a couple of times really muddying the waters different dam earthen dam different river elizabeth sharp the authority on the williamsburg dam collapse wrote to the city council members at that time to review any basis for comparison between the two dams so simply put the historic significance of the dam can no longer be questioned when you hear from gza tonight keep in mind that they're the city's hired engineering firm and they stand to gain from the dams removal in order to remove the dam they must present an approved mitigation plan they have no vested interest in the historic significance of the dam or northampton's best interest they're here tonight to present a plan for how the dam can be preserved only in the collective memory of the city of northampton and they seek your approval for a plan to mitigate the very history that they are about to erase gza is based in norwood mass they employ over 440 engineers technical support staff and 25 offices around the world this is just business for them we ask that you be bold and put your responsibility as a historic commissioner ahead of all else because the city you live in is about to destroy one of the most historic most thoroughly researched pieces of its history do not agree to gca plan or any plan that's attached to the demolition of this 132 year old granite artifact you are the historic commission and the last line of defense to protect and preserve the upper roberts meadow dam we the friends have done our best for the last six years but it will now take you to prevent this tragedy please reject the mitigation plan and now read your last handout that i gave you with the friends efforts as their inspiration greenfield's historic commission has managed to save their dam in the 11th hour this commission can do the same it's not too late to do the right thing thank you thank you yes i'm deep oil clap i'm also a member of the friends i'm also here to ask that you reject any request from the city to remove this asset and to share a few key points the underwater archaeologist that you may hear about later admitted that he was never on site himself he signed off because he was never told about a possible millstone at the site years ago we suggested the friends that this site include a historic park and a dam overlooked noting the importance and the location of things such as moody's tavern allen tavern edwards tannery folding mill beam house roberts meta school there's much more that existed in robert's meadow that has been removed over time the dam is a crucial piece of that last remaining piece that it is and we also want to highlight the engineering feat that it was this dead fault of just the number of years after the historic dam in williamsburg grove it was the people that at that time were terrified they did not want to see this ever happen again this thing has been beautifully engineered it stood the test of time we ask that you preserve it tonight gta may also recommend that they put some kind of marker and move the dams blocks to pulaski park we support a park but we say no leave the blocks exactly where they are we also want you to know that you may see an inundation plan this is this flood scenario that's based on a worst case scenario of a 500 year storm in which the dam would suddenly collapse knock down the next two dams and then flood the rest of the city on june 29th 2010 at a public hearing discussing this project gza and terry culhane the board of public works president or chair admitted that that scenario is wrong they conceded it and it is not true and yet we've seen it presented over and over and again please if you see this this inundation map think hollywood not reality a 500 year storm alone would inundate leads and this their worst case scenario also suggested a silt-free reservoir terry colleen himself has said that the dam the water in the dam is only about this high above thigh high it's absolutely impossible for this to happen also the town's been repeating over and over again that the cost of dam removal is 1.3 million dollars this is true only by omission missing our 450 thousand dollars in contracts to gca that have taken place since 2011 missing is five hundred thousand dollars of dredging costs and also an estimated five hundred thousand dollars in trucking fees to remove the sediment the eve the cost would now exceed 2.7 million which is double the 1.3 that's been claimed the epa right now is uncertain if the sediment should be removed but if the dam and the reservoir go the residents and the friends would fight like crazy we insisted that dam the sediment be removed the neighborhood cannot be left with a destroyed dam a drain reservoir and 10 years of stench as 80-plus years of decomposing material and dead fish would have to dry out that is a rough estimate given to us by our engineers 10 years dam removal is also ripe with problems and most experienced significant cost overruns typically 25 if that is true in this case the little dam removal would exceed 3.3 million dollars and we haven't even begun to talk about six acres of restoration of the waterway the cost-effective and the smart option is not removable but seeking the hazard class lowering restoring the spillway and strengthening the stream walls a lot of this stuff is complicated it's taken us four or five years to learn this and to figure all this stuff out and we've talked to many experts and we're telling you the best that we know right now i'm asking you to say no to removing this 1883 historic granite arch historic dam there are other more cost-effective ways there are other less invasive ways and we ask for your support in saying no to the gza no to the city and keeping our neighborhood intact thank you thank you one more time mr thompson barge when i received a call and i heard about apparently the granite blocks being used for pulaski park i was amazed to hear that i attended every hearing at the senior center on the vision of what we had round tables we had three or four how many meetings was it jim marilla three at the senior center i never heard anything about using the granite blocks for a retaining wall what i'm suggesting is if they do remove the dam that all my neighbors okay as their city councilor and even in ward 7 okay that the committee who has worked tirelessly with the board of public works with the former mayor that they have the priority to say how those granite blocks should be used either number one to use it on the basing around the edging of of the water if not to do a memorial so i feel that they should be brought in on any kind of movement that's happening on this scam and i'm very surprised to hear because it was never mentioned at our open public hearings of using the granite block so i don't know where this has all come from okay thank you everyone we'll take one more comment well my name's uh wayne thiebault me and my wife francis live across from the reservoir we've been there for approximately 45 years and we were members of the friends of the dam and uh a lot of a lot of things that you heard tonight and a lot of like the meeting and all that that was all discussed uh we were never informed i mean we live right across the road right next to the dam and we thought we were on a list that going through all these meetings that we being on the butter we'd at least be notified of of the meetings their presentation or nothing was ever asked of us for our input and uh i believe that people in the area people of leeds should have input in there and it was and it was tough when i heard about taking the blocks and bringing them down to hampton without talking to anybody else that lives in that area thank you okay um we'll move on in the agenda oh a couple more comments do we have a look mike kirby couldn't be here tonight he's in california and i've printed out a blog that he uh and there's five copies here for each member is that ah yes mine's in color well but i think so i mean i i share it when i came in the meeting i spent an hour i think we paradise copy all right um mike's i think uh please read that and uh through its entirety i think it's valuable information uh i will speak for myself several years ago when i heard about the possibility of tearing down the dam uh i went up and take a look to take a look for myself what everyone was talking about it i have an engineering background as well as geology background i have three degrees i looked at that dam and i said how in the world did they ever build that without modern equipment it is rock solid i'm amazed at the construction and it's lasted all these years then i started thinking about other things maybe the historical commission remembers shepherds follow fire i'm sure some of the residents in the neighborhood do that was a difficult fire to put out because the last hydrant for the city water supply is at the corner of demi and chesterton road if a fire occurs in the woodlands or in any of the residents upon around the dam within a half a mile the fire department is going to be in tough shape trying to put the fire out it's a two-lane road so you can't rely on the firefighting equipment from westover air force base it won't make it up the road all right so i think that should be a concern the other thing i realized is that i remembered my days in college i had a professor dr schmidt and he was a great thinker very well educated and he used to say you can learn more from a mud puddle than you can from a textbook and i see that the dam as it is not only historical and as a a possibility for reservoir for firefighting should it ever occur but as an educational field trip for students it doesn't matter what grade k through 12. they can learn biology they can learn physics they can learn chemistry they can learn math why throw that away i think that's unless you have any questions or anyone in in the audience i rest by peace we appreciate the commentary thank you so we would be next move on to approving minutes uh that is okay all right so next up on the agenda is the aberration discussion so the engineers are present we have a copy of the agenda that i get together i just have a quick question um i assume that this particular meeting that we have received appropriate notification through newspaper or whatever you do to announce a meeting in this particular committee yes this was posted in accordance so in other words this agenda that we're looking at right now has been properly broadcast advertise and everything like that okay just wanted to make sure on that um and having um you know asked that question and i think we could identify what it is we need to address specifically based on this agenda that is a public document uh so that would be the correspondence from gza okay regarding the last year so it's time to propose after robert's meadow reservoir damnable will request for meeting with the campus historic commission it's dated january with snow every monday can you take a moment so that i can review this because again it's very short scheduled for so long though so just the clarification on the agenda item it is a discussion there's no decision i need to verify that with gza but i don't believe we need to vote and there were no representatives no gta and the dpw so this is basically an information gathering for us and at some point we may have to make a we may have to vote on approving but we're not doing votes aren't always specifically listed but we we may want to talk to gca about exactly what they're requesting from us at this point sarah we're just looking for a discussion tonight it doesn't need to be a vote it was a preliminary discussion about mitigation so there'll be there'll be other opportunities to take a vote on things yeah i mean i think that would be much better just because this is new to us as a committee at commission and our chairs a couple of our members are not here and it's apparently you know a very serious um issue for a number of members of our community so we would want to certainly take the time and be educated all of us before we were asked to take a vote so this is good so would everyone like to take a minute just to review this or would do we want to move into the presentation okay so let's move on um so we have representatives from gza or jim or murray we'd like to thank you so i'm jim laurel from public works department i have with paul davis from gca and i guess we have a brief presentation but thank you for putting us on the agenda we want to thank you for stopping in tonight so we could come for a visit um the uh the upper roberts meadow dam removal project is is moving ahead within the public works department um it's a project that we've been working on for um for a number of years um and as it as it pertains to the northampton historic commission there are important historical elements of the dam uh as you're aware of either from prior meetings or from comments that were made this evening the the city is obligated as we go through the permit process to come up with um historical mitigation for the removal of the dam and that was the reason that we uh requested to be put on the agenda was just to reintroduce sort of the project to you and to talk about some of the ideas that we have for historic mitigation gza submitted the one on our behalf there were mitigation elements that we came up with within the public works department in conjunction with gca and they wrote the letter for us but they're they're elements um to acknowledge and respect the history of the project that we're considering is part of the mitigation now the the reason that we wanted to meet with you tonight was just to have an introduction to these elements the city is is ready to start something various permit applications with the regulatory agencies that will start sort of a more formal process to deal with um the historical mitigation um and we wanted just to let you know so you wouldn't hear from the army corps of engineers or someone else that the permit process has started um and i guess i'll say that um we do realize that there's a lot of there's a lot of love and concern about the dam we had um many many meetings over the course of a couple of years i added i added them up before i came to the meeting over the course of about two years there were about 50 there were over 50 public meetings in the city about the dam so that gives you a that gives you a pretty good sense of the passion that people feel um for the project and you're seeing that tonight and we appreciate that and we want to uh we want to make sure that the mitigation that we uh ultimately do that the city ultimately does in the project is respectful of the dam that people have an opportunity to look at the mitigation that's being proposed some of the folks there in this room i will i will say not copying them on the letter was an oversight on my part and just for informational purposes i could have made sure that that this letter went to them but having said that we wouldn't get very far in the project without contacting the people in this room and we had many many meetings i was at many of the board of public works meetings at the end where we said that we would continue to work with the friends through the course of the project on mitigation we have some some mitigation ideas here that would ultimately be incorporated into a memorandum of understanding between the core of engineers and the mass historic commission the historic commission his ad has has asked that the public works department copy the friends on information regarding the historical mitigation and things that happened associated with the dam so i could have copied them on this letter i probably i could have done that but ultimately these discussions will happen anyway so our focus at the time was to get some information in front of you folks so we could begin having a little bit of a discussion so that you could see what our ideas are public works and whether the historic commission has specific thoughts about mitigation for when the dam comes down i'm an engineer i have great appreciation for history i'm not a historian we have ideas about the types of things we think might be nice we're trying to work within reasonable budgets to honor the history of the dam we would really look forward to information from people that are more knowledgeable in this area than we are as we move ahead that was one of the reasons to come before you tonight so um having having said that i guess i'll turn things over to paul um we'll just he can walk through the contents of the letter it's not very complicated some of her ideas at this point he has a very small map for the uh visually challenged like i am maybe a little hard to uh to look at but it shows it shows the basic site condition for those of you that have had a chance to read the letter one of the ideas is to leave a permanent walking trail up around the right abutment of the band we were where we would have historical sign installed i'm acknowledging the history of the dam and making that available so people could appreciate that in the future that would be a long term event can i answer i think it's a clarification question before you go onto this this letter and what you teach your proposal to talk about are to give us information about the um proposals for mitigating the dam or the area where the dam you're saying the dam will be demolished taken apart so i just need to be refreshed was is there a definitive decision that yes this dam is coming down and if so is it the city voted in us or the city council voted on this or did mass historic sign off on this i just need to be brought up to speak because again this is the first time that we're really hearing about this coming up again and it's so long ago that we first addressed any of these issues i'm just a little confused as to where the process really is right again you're really talking about mitigation to memorialize something and i want to know what the other thing is that's basically the question yeah i want to know what the other thing is the demolition or not is not on the table it's going to be demolished therefore you're required to go through the mitigation process and that's what the information is that you're giving us somewhere someplace in the sky or wherever someone has decided that it's going to go down right that's not on the table here tonight nor does it help you that's why so the decision i can provide a little bit of time to add into what barbara and um everyone was saying that i am i've been involved in historical research district commissioner and actually family remembers historical commission so this is the first time i'm actually seeing this at all i didn't really know much about it i have to say well i biked up in this area a lot i never knew the day i was here so i sure so i wanted to uh i'll provide a brief overview of the history and i wanted to be um i want to be sensitive to your time too and not not go in places that you don't want to go so if i start to go to you you can ring me um generally from from march of 2008 to november of 2010 um there were over 50 meetings within the city to discuss the ban and the decision to take the dam down the city was under an order from the state office of dam safety to do something with the dam either invest money to bring it up the current code or to remove it or to take some other mitigative action the public works department had worked with gza to look at different options to uh to either bring the dam up to current standards or look at a breaching option ultimately the board of public works voted to breach the damage to remove it that was in 2008 and then because of a lot of concern of which you heard quite a bit tonight there were there were public meetings some of them were public posted meetings with presentations information about the dam and what the department was doing many of the meetings were border public works meetings there were many city council meetings there were conference committee meetings which is a joint city council and board of public works meeting to discuss the dam in the the city went back at the request of the friends and postponed there was a there was a delay in the decision to make the dam to go back and revisit it based on a lot of information that was submitted which we took seriously evaluated so there were there were city council meetings there were there was references this was back when claire higgins was the mayor there were some meetings with with mayor higgins at the time um there were meetings with the the cpc as as was mentioned earlier ultimately the board of public works based on all of those meanings and all the information that was submitted and evaluated and added to ultimately in 2010 the board of public works re reaffirmed their earlier decision to breach the dam so there was sort of a long process that happened at that time and since that time which was november 2010 we've been working on um permitting the project with gca we had submitted and expanded well basically a environmental impact report to the state described a lot of the history of the dam and what we were trying to do that was that was submitted in january 2013 march of 2013 we received a record of decision from the state indicating that yes we understand that the dam is going to will will be removed these are the things we would like you to pay attention to during permitting so in the last year or more we have been working closely with the regulators about how best to remove the dam and someone had mentioned or a couple of comments about sentiment management ends up being an important part of the project um the state's thinking about how a dam gets removed there have been a number of dam rules in the state um the last last two or three years the the approach and money spent to remove a dam it's becoming easier it's a the state is is keenly interested in seeing dams that are causing a hazard to be removed um suffice to say we've been working closely with the agencies or at the point where we have a lot of permanent applications today that are going to go in it's the permanent application that goes into the us army corps of engineers that starts the historical mitigation portion of it um so that's sort of where we are still was a long i feel like there was a long pretty transparent public process for over two years about it it's unfortunate that decision not everyone agrees but that decision was made and public works staff have been moving in the direction of the removal of the dam in terms of the permits that are necessary in the approach to get that done we've identified grant opportunities we have received a couple of different grants to make it a little bit less expensive to remove the dam and we have one very large grant that's hanging out there that make for those that may pay for the whole so damage are those different aspects of things that we've been working on in the interim so once we submit the army corps of engineers permit there will be a process that will start related to the historical mitigation i think what i'll do is i'll i'm going to talk about pulaski park for a minute because that's another project that i'm managing and then i'll have to talk about the things that are happening on the damn site the idea to reuse the architectural blocks from the from the dam when the dam is removed and brought up to pulaski park was an idea that i came up with at the end of the public meetings the council of march had mentioned i can't recall if we specifically mentioned that in the meetings we may not have i needed to make sure that there was going to be some synergy between the dam removal project and the renovation to pulaski park before we started discussing the use of architectural blocks or using them when the dam comes down and the park is renovated i think it's a nice way to honor the history of the dam by having not only the historical sign at the dam site but also to have a historical acknowledgment at pulaski park which is in the center of the city i think it's a nice synergy again i'm i'm an engineer maybe maybe it's not a great thing it seemed nice to me um from a historical standpoint it also seems nice to me from the standpoint of the fact that granite blocks are very expensive and if we're able to reuse those at pulaski park for benches or other things it ends up saving the city money on that project so it was a nice tie-in i still don't know if it the schedules will work and i acknowledge that in the letter that if it works great and if it doesn't the timing may not allow us to do that but we're trying to make it work if we can so we want to talk about the mitigation on the dance side and uh yeah thanks jim for the introduction he saved a lot of things that i might have otherwise said so i had to say um so again um so the dam has uh been determined to be um unstable or unsafe and um my understanding from the friends is that they're they really cherish probably the pond that it's supporting the water body that's supporting so when it comes down that would revert to a stream or so there would no longer be a pool there but the dam is pulling up right okay okay okay um yeah so uh i didn't say my name for the record is paul davis with gza uh and i'm an environmental scientist a wetland scientist and uh limnologist so that's my background studying freshwater systems and i'll be involved in getting the permits as we move forward we're trying to get permits and this part of this process as jim said and you mentioned 106. so you is the board commission fully versed on what the section 106 process is worth talking about or if you don't need to don't need to i don't know what it is yeah okay all right but but basically suffice it to say as jim mentioned as we go to the army corps of engineers to seek the section 404 permanently the clean water act one of the for any structure or that is eligible for listing in the national register that it does invoke the section 106 and that process involves is basically it is a process it's not a permit per se but it's a process which involves coordination with lots of different entities which have historic concerns obviously this board is one of those important ones so here we are um and again this is the beginning of a conversation it was not intended to be a decision-making venue it was just to get your input to us based on whatever ideas we had initially as to what mitigation for the dam coming down would might look like from a historic perspective so recognizing that we still have a ways to go in terms of figuring out what the final mitigation might look like so with that said um for my introduction anyway the the elements that uh that aren't the pulaski park related reuse of the blocks we thought that that some preservation of the structure of the dam seemed to be important so that's item one on the letter if you're looking at it so as the the dam is starting to be taken apart stoned by stone we're going to try and leave as much of the abutment structure as we can to the extent that it doesn't impede the flow of the stream which obviously we have to get down to the bottom of the dam it to some extent it's going to we're going to know that as it comes apart the dam engineers basically say they really can't predict precisely right now what that would look like so they're going to have to try to figure it out but there will be a standard goal to the contractor in consultation with dpw and the engineer to preserve as much of that as as is feasible such that you don't create unsafe condition obviously but the idea would be ideally we would be leaving visible abutments for either side of the dam so you can see part of the original structure there's also a dike wall there which presumably doesn't have to be touched at all and that would be visible as well so there would be some significant remnants of portions of the structure itself that would be retained and the only the only reason i have to be a little bit fuzzy on that as to what exactly would look like this because we won't know until we start to take it apart exactly how much can be retained we also want to uh you use some kind of historical monumentation up there um we started talking about originally we were thinking coming in from the chesterfield roadside but that's really a pretty steep drop off there or what will be a steep boat is a steep drop off on the downside of the dam but it would be also on all parts of it at that point what's left over from the above and it seemed to make sense and some of this that needs to be an access on the north side of the stream coming up from kennedy road that that could be left as a public access way and you could create some historic monumentation on that side near the dam abutment that's left over in the dike wall that could be used with some historical signage and we'd be looking for input from this board and others as well to see what that might say or what type of information might be on that sign there might be some visual you know pictures you know you can mount those right into it so there's some different possibilities of how to move forward with that some of the the signage if you will or memorial if you will the monumentation might include some of the materials that come from the dam itself and there is um it's actually the last one i mentioned there number five but i'll talk about it now since we're talking about that is the buar the euro underwater archaeological resources indicated that there was possibility and it was mentioned before by one of the commenters uh the public mentioned the possibility of an old millstone being present at the base of the dam i haven't personally seen it myself but it's it's a little bit deep right at the base of the dam um but uh during the uh the demolition that will be uh looked for and if it can be retrieved it will be retrieved that's a possibility for using as part of that uh that monumentation uh so those are the ideas there and obviously there'd be a public path he would be made look from the access road we would take out the access road because we don't want a permanent road there there's a there's a woods road there now if you've been up that way which is used for logging it's a it's a chain access it's not allowed nobody can really drive in there now you can walk in the lower i don't think that's technically allowable but there is a chain across it but it would be possible and uh dpw has been interested in the idea of having that be transformed into a walking trail basically at the end of the demolition and that would go up directly to access the uh the monument um that would be left over and built in place as well as the uh the nearby abutments that could be viewed so so those are some ideas for how we would do that the details of that will be worked out in future conversations um and uh we would look to do that and then the the other the last one that was mentioned as jim mentioned was the possible reason the blocks perhaps for pulaski park as he mentioned so those are you know just five concepts if you will that of what we thought might be some ability for us to provide a historical monumentation historical recognition of the significance of the dam and uh have that be a lasting memory for the structure that it was and the importance that it was in the community so that being said just to let you know that kind of the next steps with this would be um we would be filing the section 404 application that we'll initiate as said before the section 106 process as that process evolves it'll take a little bit of time to evolve what would come out of that would ultimately be a memorandum of agreement and that memorandum of agreement uh it's led an activity that's led by the uh army corps of engineers they're the lead federal agency so they would be the one responsible for developing it the way it typically works in their world is usually the applicant provides a first draft which we will do but that first draft would reflect uh conversations and input from from various parties as to what that mitigation might look like so as that process evolves there'll be more conversation i just had a quick question on your site plan where would the parking area be for public access um that's a good question and quite frankly we didn't uh we didn't identify public parking per se in that area but there is there are areas right at the if you notice there's a couple of areas that are noted for construction staging on that intersection and uh they're right at the intersection of kennedy road and so vespers road um and uh i presume that those would be amenable for public parking people would have to obviously cross to get over to that access plan yeah so it's just not on the street parking no no i don't think that would be practical in that location a primary concept yeah sure yeah i mean i think i would just it sounds like you know you've got some really interesting ideas about um uh preserving history and possibly making this a little bit more accessible to the public and it would seem to me now this project is very similar to um in some ways uh craig to the shelf bridge project of the northfield where there's a historic structure in the medical river that is deteriorated and it's on the national register it's very historic to the united states and it has to come down but there's a whole effort to float to you know make this really great of public parks on either side of it and possibly reconstruct it in a different way so i think it really this seems to have some similarities in the sense that it seems like there's an opportunity here to make it a place that the probably more public can really enjoy it it would definitely be more accessible because walking in the watershed is not allowed by the by the department of public works right now yeah so that would be a you know an important policy change to make it available so people can enjoy that so when will we hear back from you and when will we be in a position to make some kind of hormone well i think certainly if you want us back before you um before basically the 106 process formally begins i don't think there's anything that prevents that from happening but um if we wait for the triggers to take place where that would happen probably uh well we're very close to submitting i hate to put a date on it because somehow dates keep slipping but um but we're very close to submitting the 404 and 401 applications which would go hand and look and at the moment that those happen then it will be up to the the regulator at the core of engineers to determine how fast the project proceeds it is a we're finally under a general permit as we're allowed to do for this type of project so the timelines are more or less at the discretion but a typical process for a um a 404 application is the on on the order above three months uh but it can take longer but we're hoping it won't so so i would say you know we're going to want they can't issue their permit until the 106 process is complete or if they did issue from it it wouldn't mean anything because it can't be enforced until the process is complete and they won't so you know we will be motivated to try to move this process along as soon as possible so i would assume you would be hearing back from us certainly within four weeks time so i would i would i couldn't necessarily commission members about this but i think it would be important for us to review um the final or direct you know whatever your mitigation ends up being that the historical components of that so that we feel comfortable that uh the historical integrity of this site is being well um respected and honored and commemorated and that you know and there's going to be enough or appropriate public access to it am i saying that right i think that's absolutely correct and i think that one thing that might um make this more palatable on the preservation of the blocks instead of definitively saying they shall go to pulaski park list that as one option there might be other options perhaps in the neighborhood uh there might be ids that would come up or at the site so in other words to build some flexibility into this um and i think that is something that you know would be an appropriate thing for the community to to have a final say yeah and i think also again with something about access i know there's limit there are limits on how the land can be used around this but and you know any way it can be made into more of a community park-like environment um that encourages use by all the people of northampton and surrounding towns um you know for recreation and then also to learn about history would be great very good and if you have other ideas in the meantime you know let us know through sarah or whatever we have we have some signage from from other dam removal projects which are sort of interesting but we would really seek input on on the types of information that would go on the side so i think before we're done we'll have a lot more detailed discussion about that you know one thing i i will say that the the memorandum of agreement is not like a blueprint plan where it dictates precisely what things will look like but it's what it does say and it puts teeth into it that it shall happen and it shall be done in coordination with and everybody shall agree at the end of the day so you will have input in that i don't think it's mandatory that this commission would be a secretary but it's common um so we would expect it unless you think otherwise would be if you were signatory to it you would obviously be a player in making sure that the mitigation and quite frankly the structure was recognizing as being eligible for the national register based on its local significance yes there would be a cemetery there only the instigating agency would be the core of engineers that's correct okay so they have the final say so it's my understanding of section 106 process even if there are objections from mass historic court of engineers can't override those in the long run i think that's true but i also think it's rare it's rare but it's true thank you and thank you also for coming it was very helpful to hear your passionate thoughts so next county jail um okay uh my name is lucia miller and i am a homeowner at our police park condominium association finally known as the union street jail this is richard groning who's the brother of one of our owners also and we are here in support of our application to the community preservation act um for funding for the union street jail rehabilitation and restoration of its granite staircase the reason we are here which sarah just clarified was that richard has written and submitted an application on our behalf of the mass historical commission but that status has not yet been granted so we're seeking your blessing for our cpa applications that is currently under review um just a quick um framing of where we got to this point in 1984 the hampshire camp county planning department issued an rfp for reuse and development of the hampshire county jail's house of corrections site okay within that were county city and neighborhood objectives that were spelled out that had to do primarily with preserving the historic structures that are there and using the building in a way that is historically sensitive and also sensitive to the surrounding community it went on to talk about um conditions that they wanted met in the um successful applications in which we did in this year and there were um disappeared oh here there are nine of these conditions which um basically talk about the use of the site and um little or no demolition or alteration to the exterior retaining the character in the windows reeves playing incorporating ramps or other message methods to provide for access etc a couple of months ago we learned that the structure beneath our iconic granite staircases both north and south sides so front and back are are decaying and crumbling and at risk of collapsing and they're closed the footing across like that so these are um so those staircases are now closed and our owners have gone ahead and invested in preliminary emergency measures to make sure that those are stabilized while we investigate other options which not only include the rest duration but also putting in place a longer term master plan for the building because we're all pretty committed to the place we love it and call it home so that said i want to introduce richard groening who has done fabulous historical research and writing for us he is a historian and um and we'll give you the in a nutshell version of why this is such an important building to the community i think you've all received these lengthy you know a good thing to read before you go to bed it was written supporting documents such as this planning department document and other planning department documents um but essentially as you know this very short crazy set of points will indicate it's it was proposed in 1850 designed in 1851 occupied first i think in 1853 it was designed by a premier boston architect greatly jf bryant and a noted prison reformer who was white of the prison discipline society who was a proponent of the put them away at night but integrate them with other inmates during the day as opposed to solitary penitentiary confinement and it was a model it was a new kind of model of an alternative to penitentiary design this was something that he also did in dedham at the norfolk county deal he did it in the charles street jail which is now a liberty hotel so he's he's quite noted for this and the massachusetts historical society deemed this in 1984 a very rare surviving example of the 19th century prison design in 1984 they called it eligible for a national register but they've told us that because of the lapse of years since that last inventory that we need to reapply and that's what we've done and that's that's the genesis of these two essays they're part of the application for that plus you know dozens of photographs and maps and all sorts of information that coincidentally doesn't seem to be present in their inventories for a lot of other buildings that are already on the register but yeah especially if they were put on you know seven days now these are buildings that were put on the 90s 2000s so but i think it has a very distinguished place in the community uh that's his architecturally i think it's distinguished uh and certainly i sort of recapitulated the accounts of the building in the daily gazette over the years not only when it was planned and they just described the layout of the use of the of the different components but then how it how it functioned in the building especially or within the community especially at the time of its proposed conversion you know where the city i think the county gave it to the city because the county couldn't afford to do anything with it and then the city couldn't afford to do anything with it and then they put it up for what they hoped was community use but the only proposals they received were from condominium developments which decided to be the best of that law but it had a very strong position in the community you know it was never said no one ever said tear it down you know get rid of it so i think it's iconic i think it's uh historically significant and we would like to maintain it as it you know in its outward physical appearance i think it's it's instructive that as opposed to these other jails that have since been converted it retains its outbuildings the garages are still garages the work-release building where they chained chaired make chair bottoms and did other sorts of projects so now townhouses and you know it's it's there hasn't been a lot of change outwardly in the buildings and we are at a crisis we have undertaken we have we have taken on boston bay architects who did forbes library currently working on the uh courthouse at maine and pleasant supervising those renovations and we've taken them on as consultants they've done the initial inspection they've given us their recommendations we've undertaken and paid for the first part project which is a temporary shoring so that the stairs are no longer a danger uh to the to the people in the ability uh but for the next two for the permanent restoration of the stairs and then for what we think is the most crucial element a long-term master plan that will look at all sorts of things that need to be done to maintain the integrity of the building you know we were desperate for outside funding sources and so therefore we need to be called significant so that we can we can fulfill the requirements for a community preservation so sarah would this be part of the requirement you know the part of the primary terrorist national registered district area and it has to be a cohesive story oh i see what you're saying yeah that's true it's a light right right okay i was just wondering about that because that would also help you too but just looking at the significance to me this is well i think one of the things that's really important to know though is that um you know we're not community housing formally however we we are on the more affordable side of life um on by northampton terms our residents have already invested 200 000 in a new roof we've already invested in the the emergency temporary shoring which we won't know until that's done whether that will actually allow us to use those staircases and if so for how long so so we're still in that interim phase um our application is for the rehabilitation and restoration of the two staircases we can approach that in phases if need be you know we can deem that the south side front side is more important than the back or vice versa depending on availability of funding and the outcome of this temporary shoring and and you know that's really a big chunk of the project and then down the road is phase three with master plan and that's something we also intend to take on um but at this point we're really looking at that that critical um we need to fix our staircases in a way that's going to last another 160 years because that's how long it's been so it's been good so far and another point is that even though we we're not quite aware of what they might entail we are open to a permanent historic preservation easement or restriction if that's deemed necessary for you know not not for your determination listed on the national register uh mass historic will give you a lot of design guidance one question i have uh you might be required to provide accessible stairways and entrances and therefore the design is going to be a little bit different um but your architect knows how to do that in an appropriate manner we're also very close to that as we exist currently right so do we need to vote on supporting um uh yeah and it could also be to support the other right sure you could potentially find it significant and not support the application this northampton now allow cpa monies to go to private properties they always have that's not a prohibition in state law but they've always preferred that they're similar in their first churches yeah what that's historically significant and that we also support the um application to the to the cpc and and i think that's the end option but i think that also um because again if it's a private thing and still there this group is there is there's public benefit in that this is an historic building with its out buildings and so at least the exterior is as it appeared except for that walkway that was taken apart it was between the two um buildings but i mean that was like an elevated walkway which obviously was approved at the time it was done in 84 or 85 whenever whenever that was done yeah there wasn't there wasn't that was even in these documents anyway um but i i still think there's there's public benefit in keeping those and trying to keep them looking as much as they do now i've been setting your emotion i have one other thing i would hope that there is some sort of good historical marker that would describe to me as a citizen what that is what the history is and i think perhaps working with historic northampton the ones that they have put up here in town are really outstanding yeah that's great that would contribute to the public significance and interest otherwise it's just an old building right i don't know if it's identified is it identified in any way uh no no and it's funny because we have a little uh discussion about how to identify it in the application and i said union street jail because everybody knows what that is and people could just rent you know like those you could rent it and then you have your key should have the key to the cell and it was going to just be called you know big house storage oh my gosh it's great that you're doing them we love where we live yeah it really is a great great spot this is what historic preservation is all about well you look at what's happened in union street since that since it became condominiumized and you know since the mid-90s it's just fixed up one house there was one really bad thing that happened yeah there wasn't much it's being made into a lemonade from a lemon the house that holy restored was his death after it won the historic preservation that's true and then the husband he is not happy about that no hope he's not happy this year so thank you all right thank you very much okay um so now we have the request for support this is moot because they've already submitted their application and letters have to be turned into the application the quality of the um so the fountain project do we want to update do we do do you want to we're meeting at 7 7 oh wait you don't have to stay out there right now it's moving along i'll just speak really quickly um we engaged a restoration company to look at the abundance and come up with a design which they've done um and such that we need to figure out how we're gonna move ahead of that and um we are also in the process of submitting to the planet where the park design which got a little complicated um with all the other stuff that's going on up there around the park but i think we may have resolved it we'll see so does that anybody have any questions about that okay walking to our brochure uh the grant application though did we decide we needed to vote on that what did astrazeneca seneca oh i don't know oh i don't know do you mean you're doing anything on that is that finished i don't know i don't know what the status of it is maybe tom knows okay um it's the walking tour for sure we're not going to talk about it's just a standing idea i just put it on here this is our this is our event no i know it's okay someday um any comments uh yes uh so smith college is putting a new access ramp at slaughtern hall so these and this is what this is what they're planning to do which which is basket um is this the building that's going right away yes okay so this is chemistry yes so i issued a certificate of non-applicability because the work proposes an access device and ran not facing a street and not altering the historic character of a stroke and it's much more than that it isn't improvement are they really maintaining it that's why it's not just asphalt smith is going to be doing a lot of landscaping in front of actually the building is called right it's the first building in in the elm street district right across from the church college yeah yes elevator so they're they're burying the electric wires there and they're doing a lot of landscaping it's going to look great i haven't i don't know what's going on um no it sticks up above the wall so when you drive on alistar you see all these lights sticking up it's really bad and i you know i don't i mean i need to go back and look at our guidelines to see whether we what we say about that so we we do not have authority if the lights meet zoning standards yeah so like not all lights mean zoning standards so a lot of them like like the red hill doesn't mean zoning for what lily said so we should be following up about that but i'll come check it out okay could you because i just it's really okay mail mail we have a copy of a letter which i think you may have seen in the coolidge park packet uh from mass historic to the director of the coolest park condo association just giving them some information about how to move forward with national register listing okay a similar packet from mass historic to the leed civic association regarding the hotel bridge uh so they gave us some additional information about promotional register is that the bridge that the art that on arch street there that you go under when you go past no no it's a truss bridge like a mini version of the shell bridge it's right on main street water stream oh yeah the one that's closed you have all that yeah no they have more assessment and the structural assessment came back you should close the bridge and you need to do some additional work um a copy of project notification form regarding the northampton lumberyard development master storage said with this very blurry stamp that does not require any additional permitting um and then this whole faceplate um oh wow yes i didn't really need this yet i recently purchased your publication a history of women in northampton from 1600 to 1980 i'm a family genealogist searching for mary risley hills who according to some undocumented information lived in northampton circus 1652 william hills was her second husband and father her death in 1655 william mary mary warner steele my source relates the risley and hill's children were all raised in northampton can you refer me to a local genealogy society or other cult so i guess i'll just refer you to the surgery oh and she will donate the history book to the local genealogy library congratulations as well there's actually i think this year is the 35th anniversary of that mural and straightforward yeah we're going to do a lecture series in late summer that's it okay any other business yes calling my book collection uh i thought i would donate this one to the city it's the first edition of the recording historic structures put out by the national park service historic and so it's got all the all the drawings and everything like that there's a new edition out that includes all of the cad requirements and electronic appliances but if you still work with pencils or something this works but i thought i would donate it to the preservation library here at city hall it's worth about four hundred dollars so i expect a letter of your tax purposes you | Northampton Government Video Archive | UCIPrum8dplDJC43ydowEUug | 2015-03-06 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 10,820 | 57,693 |
AGSGMq8rmeQ | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AGSGMq8rmeQ | The Rma language (Nate Sims) | all right um welcome everyone um uh my name is nate sims i'm uh very happy to be here uh to give this presentation uh introduction to the irma or chiang language so a kind of a road map of what i'd like to cover in this presentation is to give a introduction to the speakers of this language uh some discussion of the sociolinguistic situation uh for the people who speak it and then the rest of the time to talk a little bit about the structure of the language itself so we'll discuss a bit of the phonology the sound system of the language covering uh briefly the consonants the vowels what is the nature of the syllable in the language and also the role of tone in the language and then uh after that to talk a little bit about the larger structures um some of the more interesting structures of the language are the verbs and the verbal morphology so we'll talk a bit about the spatial prefixes a little bit about this idea of associated motion and uh to give you not a full account of the verbs but just an appreciation for this kind of intricate and complicated part of the language there's not as much to say about the nouns and so we'll talk a bit about the verbs um okay so urma the herma language is also called chiang i'll talk about that here in a minute but it's um part of the trans-himalayan language family meaning that it is related to chinese to tibetan and also to burmese those are probably uh the major languages that maybe some of you all are familiar with um and within that family tree it's probably closest related to burmese i think it's not uh definitive yet there's still some work being done in the the history of the language but uh probably fair to say that of those three major languages is closest related to burmese so it's spoken uh within what is now sichuan province in uh the people's republic of china principally along the min river so we see this arrow here on the screen let's see if i can do this okay yeah so up along the the min river um in between kind of wedged in between the sichuan basin and the the tibetan plateau um so i'll talk a little bit more about the the situation for the language there are probably about a hundred thousand speakers of the language it's hard to gauge exactly but i think that's a fair estimate so it's a you know relatively large number of speakers and there's some issues worth discussing about who the people are that speak this language so there's a chinese term uh chiang spelled q-i-a-n-g with this character uh here to the left and this is a very old term so even in some of the earliest chinese writings this ethnonym occurs and it probably meant anyone to the west of chinese territorial control at that time so another term is the western chiang and this term is very old it probably was more broadly used for different peoples uh in the western regions and with the founding of the people's republic of china there came to be a classification of all the peoples within china and it was fixed at 56 different ethnicities and so chiang is one of these 56 different ethnicities arma is the term that chiang people call themselves or a variant of this word sometimes it's ma sometimes mar sometimes irma or there's many different dialectical variants but irma is kind of used to encompass all of these different terms that people call themselves traditionally they were agriculturalists who lived in these kind of deep valleys along the minn river so they're not pastoralists although some people kept yaks and goats and still do today but mostly subsistence agriculturalists and um there's a kind of split within the people who speak the urma language between those that are classified by the chinese government as chiang and those that are classified by the chinese government as tibetan and this is primarily um has to do with religion so the people who follow tibetan buddhism uh closer to the tibetan plateau in the northwest have been designated tibetans and the people who are non-buddhists or animists or shamanists in the southeast are the chiang nationality so it's something of a kind of india pakistan uh situation uh for this um split so you know people have different ideas some people who are um tibetan ethnicity they recognize that we speak the same language as the chiang people next door to us and some people say actually no that's a separate language so there's it's a very kind of contentious issue that you you can find varying opinions on all sides of this but primarily a split between about half of the speakers who are considered tibetan half of them are considered young in any case there's the language is endangered because of increasing influence of mainly mandarin so there's extensive bilingualism with mandarin i have not really i've been you know going to this area for some time and been involved with chaong language and urban language documentation since about 2006 and most everyone i've met speaks some level of chinese so chinese is really gaining in popularity in xiang where arma is is on the decline generally there's some writings for people who are interested by an anthropologist named wong minka who has written about the history of this kind of contentious designation of people as either tibetan or chiang ethnicity so well here on the map on the screen we see sichuan province outlined and then in the yellow region this is the abba prefecture of sichuan province in the northwest the red area here is mao county that's where the majority of chiang ethnicity urma speakers live um it's kind of the most condensed uh place where people where people live that speak speak chiang so today we'll be talking about one dialect uh within mao county which is the yonko township dialect so i have kind of the structure of yonkai township within mao county within the prefecture in sichuan province here at the bottom um this is kind of just to give an idea of what is around uh this area it's a very nice uh graphic from from gongshin a person who's worked on the jiarongnik languages in sichuan and so you see chiang here towards the southeast neighboring the jiarong languages and also amdo tibetan to the north and then chinese to the south so this graph is also nice because it illustrates that there's been a lot of work done on the neighboring languages in terms of their internal structure and subgrouping but not so much on chiang so there's there's really um not as much that we can say for certain about the dialect uh situation but here's a rough introduction to the to the dialects of urma so we have in this red circle uh what is typically typically called northern irma and within this circle uh the dialects are pretty homogeneous people can understand each other if they're well intentioned uh within this area generally maybe at the borders the stream extreme edges maybe not so much but it's um thought to be kind of a later expansion uh historically because it's more internally homogenous outside of this uh you see the the blue circles are what is called southern irma and um they're less internally homogeneous so people from these different areas within the blue circles may or may not be able to communicate effectively with each other in irma and most of the time they would use chinese as a language to communicate with each other this yellow line here shows the division between where people to the northwest are considered tibetan and to the southeast of that yellow line considered chiang and so we see that the ethnic boundary is is one that is it corresponds with the county line but not necessarily with the dialectal uh division so today we'll be talking about uh the yonha dialect which is the dialect i've done the most research on and have been friends with speakers of this dialect um for some time now it's the easternmost dialect of vermont so it's interesting in that respect and hasn't really been studied as much as some of the uh the west northwestern dialects um so this is just a picture of my my friend's grandmother whose family has taught me about chiang i went to chinese public school and in middle school became friends with my friend who's his family spoke young or and this is the traditional attire for women in this area it's unique to this valley so we might imagine in another political context that it would be considered maybe it's its own language or uh that the these people would be considered a separate ethnicity you know they only really identify with other people from the valley and not so much with the other uh irma speaking people so it's a it's a unique um kind of uh subculture within mao county is this the yongho valley um to give an idea just about a little bit more about um the sociolinguistic situation i have this map here with the help of google so the red dots here represent villages within the yongho valley where irma is no longer spoken by by either old people or young people just people speak chinese exclusively the yellow or orange circles here represent villages where erma is still spoken but not by children so only in these uh kind of far north more remote villages represented with the orange triangles do you see places where erma is still spoken by children is still being acquired and used more in daily life so you see this is kind of a microcosm for the whole area in that chiang or irma language uses on the decline and being replaced with chinese it's also the case that the more remote villages are more economically challenged and so there's a negative connotation or a stereotype sometimes with people who speak uh irma as being you know let having less access to education and being um backwards in some way so that's it also contributes um to the decline of the language and that situation is rather unfortunate but that's that's the case um for uh the yonha valley in any ways all right so let's talk about the the structure of this particular dialect all i'm going to say is you know restricted to just this one dialect although there's some similarities with others um so we'll start with looking at the consonants um for this dialect we see there are a large number of consonants with different consonants at many places of articulation so bilabial alveolar retroflex palatal velar and glottal a large number of fricatives which is somewhat typologically uh unusual um but not necessarily for for this region uh so we'll just talk a little bit about this um this three-way distinction for the um for the uh obstruents so the the [Music] distinction here between uh baa baa baa da ta da and for the vielers gakka for the affricates you have a parallel distinction [Music] so this is this three-way distinction that's found in most derma dialects what's noteworthy here is actually the absence of uvular sounds uh uvular sounds like paw and paw are found in a lot of uh the neighboring dialects but not not in this dialect so my suspicion is that that's a kind of influence of chinese and that this is a loss in this dialect so you see a fairly robust consonant inventory uh with these three-way uh voicing distinctions okay for the vowels you have a somewhat asymmetrical vowel system uh eight different vowels um with uh the primary vowel distinction being between the front vowels and the back vowels the front four vowels in the back four vowels and we see this kind of pattern happen where vowels will change depending on their environment uh called vowel harmony and so we might see for this front back vowel assimilation for the vowels where we have a in the the first form here the verb is yeah to be good if someone were to say still good there's a continuative aspect prefix which marks continuation of that state so da yeah still good if we say need still needs or yeah to live so these all have this front vowel ah for the back vowels for for verbs that start with a back vowel like [Music] we have the back vowel on the prefix [Music] so this is [Music] an area of interest in the language that the vowels change especially for the prefixes depending on the vowel of the verb stem so this is the continuative aspect prefix we'll talk a little bit more about the verbs here in a minute but going back to the the sound structure um this is the the layout for the syllable structures that we find in the language it's relatively simple and straightforward we have um five different types of syllables uh the first type consonant vowel so this verb to be free or to to be leisurely um number two you can have a consonant a glide and then a vowel so to sell we can have some instances where we have closed syllables but only in rare instances that are actually in all cases borrowings from chinese where you can have a nasal coda to the syllable to call someone and then juan ta to change so these are are borrowings from chinese han and juan you can also have a consonant coda which is a glide and only in some derived cases so this uh verb qua to cell if there's a certain evidential marking that comes at the end of the the verb then you would say why you know something like um it's it's mark's degree of certainty but it's the same verb with a a glide coda so this is actually a simple um consonant invent or a syllable template compared to a language like tibetan or some of the jaromic languages which have very large uh inventories of possible syllables um so what's the reason for this um mostly simplification so we see if we compare yonka with other irma dialects we see that they've lost the complex onsets so we have the spa type onsets from ronghong which is more conservative cons those correlate with the uh fricative onset in yonko so and so on and then the voiced complex onsets in ronghong correspond with the voiced counterpart in yongka corresponds with ver corresponds with uh so there's a reduction in complexity that's led to this kind of simple uh syllable template uh we see all the also with the um loss of codas so there's there's only open syllables in the language if we compare it with a language like tibetan which preserves the consonant codas of earlier stages um we see that these have been lost in yonko in a predictable way so for these um the last four words on this in this table uh the tibetan forms and the the pre-tibetan forms have k as the coda and this has been lost in yonko and with the reflex of a rising tone so certain syllable types that were complex have become more simple but there's been a compensatory development of a tonal contrast so we see a high tone for these first four words in yonko that have no obstruent codas in tibetan and then for the last four words we have the k coda in tibetan um and this corresponds with a rising tone in yoka so i think there's more work to be done on this to say for certain but this kind of promising line of uh inquiry to see okay where have the code has been lost and what is the the influence of those on the syllables okay all right so we still have some time to talk about the verb um and it's typologically an agglutinative language so you find strings of affixes both prefixes and suffixes that come on either side of the verb stem which add meaning to the verb so we have the stem here is would be this core part of the verb we can have up to three prefixes an orientational or spatial marking prefix a negative prefix the continuative aspect prefix which we've already seen and a set of suffixes as well which i probably won't have time to talk about so we'll talk mostly about the prefixes here um although there's a causative marking suffix an associated motion suffix so adds an element of motion come essentially so the verb there's an applicative marking suffix which adds an argument uh to the to the verb so instead of you know um to um to do something versus to do something for someone so that would be the the difference of the applicative and then there's person marking and evidential marking which we won't discuss today okay so let's take the first category of the verb which are these orientational prefixes and within that category there are eight different markers so we have duh upwards blah downwards no upriver down river uh in inwards huh outwards za towards and the away so these are organized into four different axes um having to do with up down up or down river containment and then towards in a way so some verbs um the the prefixes again we see this issue of vowel harmony so the uh prefix form will change depending on the verb as well so that was the case for the continuative aspect prefixes and also for these um this is just the inwards prefix when it occurs with different verbs there's up to five different vowel qualities that the verb can have um and so um one of the interesting things about this uh use of the orientational prefixes is that it's similar to in english we have uh phrasal verbs like uh listen listen up or quiet down so the the analogy here would be it's as if um you know the language has that kind of tendency to use direction with the verbs but then it kind of went totally bananas and just became totally obligatory where every verb has a specific direction that it occurs with in different aspects so it's something that has to be learned when you learn the language okay to listen or to hear that takes the inwards prefix so some of them are intuitive and some of them are not so intuitive and just have to be learned okay so with some verbs they can take all eight different directions so this motion verb like fly in the past tense um what's effectively the past tense it has to take a prefix and it has to take one of these eight so flew out flew down or or so on um and then for some verbs the verb can't take all of the prefixes but can take a subset of those so we see these cases are somewhat interesting um these antonymic pairs so they re to stand upright to stand something upside down sometimes they're less intuitive or more they need to be learned so you have a pair like tapa which is the upwards prefix it means um it's a bloom of a flower and then a hop-up the downwards prefix means for the stars to come out at night so there's some connection there uh but the the difference in prefix actually gives a different meaning to the verb somewhat like english listen in versus listen up you might think of it that way so we have a verb like who when when it's used with the upwards prefix means to win and what the downwards prefix means to lose so there's some metaphorical import of these prefixes and then something like zada to say with the upwards prefix to tell someone uh downwards prefix to explain so there's kind of a top to bottom and a metaphor there as well to talk down to someone or to explain to them so this is a very kind of complex element of the language not only because you have to learn which prefix goes with which verb but also what the pattern is for changing the vowel of the prefix depending on the verb so it's um it's kind of the the key issue if you were to set out to learn to speak or would be figuring out these prefixes um let's see so well i have um some time here to talk about some of the more complex verbs now that we have some idea of what the different components of them are we can talk about some of these maximally complex verbs which would correspond to kind of sentences in english so we have uh in number one um this sentence so you haven't got you haven't yet gone to wipe it down for them um and this would be amada this is from a text and so is the downwards directional prefix ma is the negative prefix da is the yet contributes the yet meaning made is the stem meaning to wipe is a verbal suffix which means go woo to do something for someone so you haven't gone to wipe it down for them yet and then me is the second person marker so all of this meaning condensed into one verb there's a particle at the end which is kind of more of an attitudinal particle so i have so you haven't done it yet um and then um we have uh in number two um this sentence a mother had not yet gone to bring down the pig foot um so bad dubai madagi so here we see um this prefixes string what i wanted to point out um in this example we have the same set of prefixes direction marker down negative marker continuative aspect and then the verb stem bring but the the entire string of prefixes from the first ones uh they they all vary because of the verb because of the vowel of the verb stem the first vowel of the verb stem in the first example is ah and so all the prefixes harmonize with that and then for the second example we see all the prefixes and harmonizing with this front vowel g or this front vowel um there's kind of a split in the verb of the language where the prefixes behave one way and the suffixes behave another way so there's no um vowel harmony for the suffixes we see this key occurs after the front vowel uh here i guess this is also a front vowel but there's the the suffix e to go never undergoes any alternation neither do any of the other suffixes so it's uh kind of the prefixes go together with the stem and then the suffixes are kind of tacked on to that oftentimes the the stem will have the first high tone in the word so it's kind of demarcated in that way where all the prefixes will be low up until the stem and then the suffixes are actually more variable so sometimes the suffixes can have high tone or low tone but the prefixes tend to operate as a unit so okay one other thing to mention here is the relationship between the orientational prefixes and the suffix go right so um in the example of the pig foot um it's not that this direction orientational marker down applies to the motion of going so the mother didn't go down to get the pig foot she brought down the pig foot and she went to go bring down the pig foot and this example is from a story in chiang traditional households uh pig feet and other cured meats are stored on the top level of the house and hung from the rafters so the mother would have actually gone up from the living room to go get the bigfoot um and so this scope of the um orientational markers doesn't really apply beyond the stem so there's kind of a what i'm getting as a clear demarcation of the stems and the prefixes go together and then the the suffixes behave differently so um in this case she would have gone up to go bring down the pigfoot um and so the the downwards marker here uh refers to the action of bringing bringing it down but not the going okay so um yes this is uh these are some you know the more complicated verb examples from the language and not all verbs are this complex but this is this is kind of the maximal complexity so very different um from chinese and also quite different from tibetan which has some agglutinative tendencies but not not as much as as uh irma so uh hopefully i've given people an overview um of the people who speak the language and then uh some of the the structure of the language so i think that is uh all i have uh prepared for today and would like to thank you all for your time and express my gratitude uh to my friends from the yonko valley for sharing their language and your time with me over the years it's been a great privilege to be able to study this language so i think that's all i'll say for now | Nathan Hill | UCcVeE9bj5Bo-xMg16zeTtuQ | 2021-09-08 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 4,332 | 23,187 |
ORSXVIo4g2o | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ORSXVIo4g2o | Bonus Tutorial: Finding Main Connectives | okay so if you're still having trouble finding the main connective and expression let me try to work things slightly differently let's say you have an expression like P therefore Q now you already know that this is a horseshoe statement and that this horseshoe statement has as its main connective the horseshoe right so I've got my antecedent here in my consequent when we're trying to find the can main connective of a compound statement what we're really looking for is that horseshoe statement so if I have something like P and I replace P with R and S or T and then I have a horseshoe statement and I were to replace Q with some other substitution instance so let's say I replaced it with another horseshoe statement something like W therefore T well now the question would be what's the main connective well normally there's going to be some set of parentheses or some natural break that will tell you so in this instance when I look at the expression I can still see that this whole thing is bound by those two parentheses on the outside and this is bound by the parentheses on the outside so therefore that remains the main connective now if some were to throw in an extra set of parentheses which will often see in the book something like this well that doesn't actually change the grouping inside what this tells me is that this entire thing is one big expression right so this is the whole expression just like this whole thing is one expression what's in these in the antecedent is grouped together these two parentheses bracket or hold in everything that's in the antecedent where the parentheses on the other side holding what's in the consequent all right and so this so this stands out as the main connective here works the same with any other other expression so if I have P or Q and they say well what kind of expression substitution can I do here well for P I could have anything like T and s and that could have or and let's say I do a substitution in for Q and let's make that our or W now right here just as I have written it here we can see that it's easy enough that these parenthesis and the second set of parenthesis holds the left and right disjunct which leaves the horse you take horse you attack now if I were to take and add a few other things so let's say I have the same thing TNS or R or W and I put these outside parenthesis on here notice that doesn't change anything it just means oh this is all one big expression just like this is all one expression what's then on the inside here on the left side and the right side of the disc drunk those are both the two pieces and the or statement is still the main connective now imagine I change things just a little bit so imagine I rewrote this and I said T and s or R or whoops we should make sure right R or W and then I were to throw a negation on the front of this well now I've actually changed the expression now it turns out that I don't have an or statement as I did up here I actually have a negation so now it matters that these parentheses are on the outside notice I can get rid of in this example right here I can take these away and you would still have notice in here you would still have an or statement when they get to this close the last stage though by adding the engage now front I've now made that a negation and not a or statement and if I actually added another negation in front then this outside negation would actually be the main connective so this word this one right here would negate everything in there and then the finally the most out side negation would be the main connective so really what you want to do is is look at this and say which things are grouped together which are grouped together naturally group together so for example we have again something like P and Q 5 P and Q I can have R or s and T with nothing else with no other parentheses and it's obvious that this conjunction has a left conjunct which is our s and a right conjunct which is just to you by itself if I throw in parentheses on the outside it doesn't change that the conjunction is still the main connective okay so that still remains the main connective it also doesn't matter if I added or s and put more parentheses again these two terms are joined together held together by the parentheses these are held together that still remains the main connective so really what you're looking for is the grouping the natural grouping so if yeah if you see parentheses on the outside of a very big expression often times as those can be dropped those are actually unnecessary when writing out the equation so even in the first example the first horseshoe statement example up here these outmost parentheses are really not necessary because the grouping on the inside is telling me exactly what is supposed to be contained in the antecedent and what's supposed to be in the consequent | M V | UCcDkweMa7eLUFKQa9nUceNw | 2019-09-08 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 922 | 4,869 |
i6Ew1YI3SuU | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i6Ew1YI3SuU | The Great Pat-Palestine Smear | hey everyone treas vfu um so I'm actually supposed to be working but I saw a video by our favorite reactionary Pat kundell and I felt that you know I should make a short video um and I want to start at the at the end basically and just um read out what Pat kundell said at the end of his video the world needs to stop pretending Palestine is about Justice and human rights and have the moral courage to call this thing what it is to put a stop to the charade this endless Dan around a nonexistent negotiating table we need to do the Arabs a favor and tell them the truth they so badly need to hear that their hatred is the cause of their misery um now I'm going to bring up on screen here hopefully if I figure it out uh the um the deaths in Israel by Palestinian terrorist attack and as you can see um you know 20 2007 14 deaths 300 injured 2008 48 deaths 430 injured 2009 6 deaths 24 injured 2010 10 deaths three injured and 2011 19 deaths and 92 injured so it's obviously picking up again which is unfortunate every single death is hugely regrettable and the terrorists that are responsible for the murder of innocent Israeli civilians should be caught and they should face full Justice however to um to kind of equivocate this with with Palestinian hatred being the entire cause for this conflict uh it doesn't make any sense if you look at if you look at the us if you look at fire arms deaths in the US um if you look at murders in the US if you look at Mexico in the drug war um apparently you know compared to the hatred of Palestinians for Israel is apparently Americans and Mexicans hate themselves a lot more than Palestinians hate Israelis and I know the population sizes are different and the other thing is obviously Israel is doing a good fairly good job with security so I'm sure there would be more Palestinians that would want to harm Israelis and the fact is that violence in the last couple of years has significantly decreased and one of those reasons was that there was a hope that with Obama and some new policy there could actually be progress in the negotiations when Pat Condell talks about a non-existing negotiating table well the problem is there has been a negotiating table which was not really a negotiating table at all it was basically a table out in the waiting Hall where the Palestinians were supposed to sit and wait until every single terrorist in Palestine and every single person that wanted something bad to happen to any Israeli had disappeared and then maybe they could start talking about giving Palestine a state which is their right by any definition of international law this shouldn't even be a precondition this should be a right the take-home message of this video is this there is no negotiating table there hasn't ever really been one it's always been a one-sided uh game to just uh buy time for Israel to build more settlements hatred being the cause of misery BS um the cause of misery of the Palestinian people is that they're being refused the state the state could be easily implemented um there would have to be negotiations about borders and once that state is implemented if that state attacks Israel then the International Community should respond accordingly but until then in my eyes at least um the cause of the misery of the Palestinian people is the intransigence of the US and Israel um in not listening to either Palestine or the rest of the world uh who've been demanding for decades that something be done about this serious problem um and it's just now that you know that Israel is no longer able to maintain its complete blade and isolation of Palestine that people are starting to get worried that something might actually happen that we have to actually talk about it again over the last couple of years where there was very little terrorism but Palestine was still completely isolated we didn't even have to mention it because obviously the situation was under control from uh the American Israeli perspective anyways I'll see you guys all later have a good | churchofstfu | UCBQnFdqIiA9rn72wRw04v0g | 2011-10-07 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 737 | 4,033 |
sNpXGoauuMk | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sNpXGoauuMk | WDS 2024: Brazilian company Mac Jee showcases Armadillo retractable MLRS | at the world defense show 2024 WDS 2024 exhibition in Saudi Arabia the Brazilian company Matt G group is showcasing its armadillo multiple rocket launch vehicle mlrs this weapon system which can be installed on a light 4x4 vehicle features an automatic reloading system that can be activated and made operational in under 40 seconds enabling rapid saturation fire within a 10 km range before withdrawing from the firing site an initial configuration of the launch pod was officially unveiled in April 2019 mounted on an m1152 high Mobility multi-purpose wheel vehicle hmmwv the new compact 24 cell armadillo launch pod is 3.5 m in length and weighs approximately 50 kg the redesigned design features a retractable roof mounted 360° Mission module capable of accommodating a total of 24 2.75 70 mm guided unguided anti-tank and short trange air defense Rockets furnished with mk40 mk66 Rocket Motors two additional launch pods 24 plus 24 Rockets mounted on an automatic reloading system are stored on the launch platform the armadillo mlrs can engage targets up to 3 km away without stabilization and up to 12 km with stabilization according to macg this new variant of the ta2 system has multiple potential applications including Patrol support artillery battery complementation and serving as a forward artillery output the armadillo meets do 160g and mil STD 1,399 standards ensuring conforms to the requirements of defense and security applications its design accounts for the demands of high-intensity conflicts and aims to provide a Dependable solution to Armed Forces the vehicle is equipped with the armadillo fire control system which features an integrated ballistic calculator and gnss ins navigation unit along with an integrated system communication solution the platform can also be equipped with a 7.62 time 51 mm machine gun and 6 76 mm smoke grenade launchers for self-defense a portable command and control C2 system consisting of a rugged Tablet running in-house operational software is being offered for dismounted SL remote operation of the launch pod the current armadillo utilizes an AM General 4times 4 m1152 hmmwv with rear and front hydraulic stabilization systems and a redesigned Bonnet however the armadillo system can be integrated into any new four time 4 armored tactical vehicle or existing 4 Time 4 platform in the client's inventory according to macg product manager Marcio Korea D Silva Sant therefore the armadillo's combination of Firepower mobility and adaptability could make it a notable asset for modern Armed Forces capable of addressing various operational needs across different environments while remaining affordable to many countries around the world | Main Battle Tank | UCnZG2SBvPrhCilZuqiMEUYA | 2024-02-05 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 427 | 2,697 |
7t0Gr1Jklqs | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7t0Gr1Jklqs | GTN Training - Transcriptomics - [Lecture] Whole transcriptome analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana | whole transcriptome analysis of arabidopsis thoriala before diving into this slide deck we recommend you to have a look at the following let's start with the introduction as cecil organisms the survival of plants under adverse environmental conditions depends to a large extent on their ability to perceive stress stimuli and respond appropriately to counteract the potentially damaging effects coordination of phytohormones and reactive oxygen species are considered a key element for enhancing stress resistance allowing fine-tuning of gene expression in response to environmental changes these molecules constitute complex signaling networks endowing with the ability to respond to a variable natural environment brass and asteroids are a group of plant steroid hormones essential for plant growth and development as well as for controlling abiotic and biotic stress structurally brass and asteroids are polyhydroxylated steel derivatives with close similarity to animal hormones brass and asteroids have the ability to stimulate plant growth influencing germination rhizogenesis flowering senescence abscission and ripening processes in addition several experimental results have demonstrated their ability to confer resistance to several types of abiotic and biotic stresses such as heat cold salinity and trout micro rnas mainly 20 to 22 nucleotide small rnas are characterized for regulating gene expression at the post-transcriptional level micro rnas are distinguished from other small rnas by being generated from precursor harboring an imperfect stem loop structure unlike in animals the pre-processing of plant micro rna occurs in the nucleus the pre-micro rnas are then exported to the cytoplasm after methylation and incorporated into the argonaute one protein to form an rna-induced silencing complex the microrna itself does not have the ability to cleave mrnas or interfere with translation but it plays a role in scanning the appropriate target four factors determine that micro rnas are considered master regulators the first one is that multiple micro rna genes are regulated under given environmental conditions the second one is that computational predictions estimate that each micro rna regulates hundreds of genes the third factor is that the majority of plant micro rnas regulate genes encoding for transcription factors and the last one is that targets include not only mrnas but also long non-coding rnas we will now introduce the experimental design on which the analysis is based as shown here we can divide the analysis into three stages differential expression analysis of micro rnas differential expression analysis of mrnas and micro rna target identification the starting hypothesis is that there should be sequence complementarity between upregulated micro rnas and down regulated mrnas signifying micro rna regulation now we will provide some details about the data and the tools that are used in this tutorial for the micro rna sec data analysis we will use a total of six samples three of which are mock treated biological replicates and the remaining three other biological replicates of brass and asteroid treatment from mrna sec data we have two replicates of each condition in order to simplify the analysis the biological replicates will be grouped in galaxy into data collections collections allow to combine numerous data sets in a single entity that can be easily manipulated now we will look at the tools that are used in the tutorial we categorize both the micro rna and mrna sequencing data analysis into three analysis stages namely quality assessment quantification and differential expression on the left side you can see the tools used for micro rna sec data analysis and on the right side tools for mrna sec data analysis we first assess the quality of the raw sequencing reads using fast qc and multi qc fast qc is used to quality control checks on raw sequencing data from individual samples multi qc allows aggregating the results generated by fast qc across several samples into a single report trim galore is a wrapper tool around cut adapt and fast qc to consistently apply quality and adapter trimming on fastq files to carry out micro rna quantification we will use two modules belonging to the mir d2 tool mere deep 2 mapper and mere d2 quantifier we will use salmon for mrna quantification for the differential expression analysis we will use desect 2 a package for differential expression analysis of count data based on the negative binomial distribution finally we will use the target finder tool for micro rna target prediction if you observe the adapter clipping step by trim galore is not included in the mrna sect data analysis there is also no additional mapping step the reason behind this is the usage of the salmon tool salmon quantifies the transcripts or genes without requiring to align the read space by base to the reference because of the working principle of salmon we gain little to no advantage of clipping the adapters from the reeds overview of salmon mapping and quantification salmon accepts either raw or aligned reeds when raw reads are provided salmon uses its lightweight ultra-fast mapping model called quasi-mapping for further abundance estimation then an online inference algorithm estimates initial expression levels and model parameters following that an offline inference module learns the background bias models from the initial abundance estimates and corrects the effective transcript lengths finally an expectation maximization algorithm is used to estimate the relative abundances now we will look into some details about quasimapping quasimapping allows quantification without generating any intermediate alignment files it is faster than conventional mapping and saves a considerable amount of time and space the quasi-mapping algorithm makes use of two main data structures the generalized suffix array of the transcriptome and a hash table that maps each k-mer and transcriptome to its suffix array interval during the quasi-mapping procedure a read is scanned from left to right until a k-mer is encountered that appears in the hash table that k-mer is looked up in the hash table and the suffix array intervals are retrieved then the maximal mappable prefix is computed by finding the longest substring of the read that matches the reference suffixes owing to sequencing errors the maximal mappable prefix may not span the complete read in this case the next informative position is determined the next informative position is the position on the read that has a unique matching base on the reference transcripts after a mismatch or a deletion suffix array search continues from k bases before the next informative position finally for each read the algorithm reports the transcripts it mapped to location and strand information this figure is an illustration of the quasi mapping of a read using k equals three hash table lookup of camera att returns the suffix array interval b and e the current k mer and its matching suffix intervals are colored in green the base g at position 6 has a mismatch with a c on reference transcripts representing a possible sequencing error hence the first five bases a t t g a is the maximal mappable prefix and the suffix array interval of this maximal mappable prefix is b prime and e a t t g a c t a which is in the red colored box is the longest common prefix of the suffix array interval c and e so the next informative position on the read is the ninth base t in the end the read in the above example most likely mapped to the suffix array at e salmon has several advantages and few limitations over the traditional alignment methods salmon provides fast and accurate quantification since the k-mers which contain the adapter sequences are not present in the transcriptome index from which the hash table is generated the adapters are not mapped if there is no significant amount of adapters present in the reads adapter clipping can safely be skipped however it is always good to trim the low quality reads because of the large memory footprints of hash tables and suffix arrays generally transcriptome faster file is used for salmon quantification instead of whole genome faster file therefore it is advisable to use this tool on well-annotated organisms now we will look at some important details about micro rna target identification in plants in animals usually base pairing in the seed region of the micro rna that is two to eight bases is enough for target recognition plant micro rnas require more stringent base pairing generally a near perfect pairing in five prime region and a substantial pairing in three prime region is necessary due to this strict pairing mechanism plant micro rnas have a significantly less number of target genes for this reason we use a plant-specific micro rna target prediction algorithm called target finder target finder takes a small rna sequence and a faster formatted file of the target sequence database it uses the popular smith waterman local alignment algorithm for aligning small rna sequence to the target sequence database a penalty of 1 is added for each mismatch gap and bulge and 0.5 for non-canonical gu base pairing these penalties are doubled from positions 2 to 13. it allows at most one single nucleotide bulge or gap in the duplex if the sum of mismatches gu base pairs bulges and gaps of a duplex is more than seven then it is discarded duplexes with more than four total mismatches or four total g based pairs are also discarded thank you for watching you | GalaxyProject | UCwoMMZPbz1L9AZzvIvrvqYA | 2021-06-25 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 1,557 | 9,566 |
1rQwTqoq8vE | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1rQwTqoq8vE | Conversations with Yvonne Michéle - Who's ready to rescure their own future?? | so [Music] good evening good evening and good evening and welcome to conversations with yvonne michelle how are you guys doing this week i am hoping that you are well listen we're just jumping onto face but those of you who are on uh the catch up if you're catching up make sure you leave your comments in the thread but for those of you who are with me today thank you for joining me for conversations with yvonne michelle listen guys it's going to be an incredible show today we are talking about business from the viewpoint and how you can get yourself into a business just from your passion just from your passion and create another income wouldn't that be good wouldn't that feel great if you could do something that you really love really enjoy and create an income from it now that income can look anything like uh just a little a little side hustle so you're getting a little bit of money a little bit change or you can really go full throttle and create the life of your dreams now what i want you to do is i want you to share this with all your family and friends right now tell them to jump on get involved get in tune to conversations with yvonne michelle this is um where we change stuff we're talking about real change from the inside out this is what we're talking about today we're talking about taking control listen guys did you hear did you hear the speech did you hear the speech yesterday that mr johnson came out with did it make any sense to you no it didn't i don't even need you to answer that question because i know it didn't because i've seen the posts all over all over nobody is none the wiser nobody all right but if you go further down on my page there is an explanation from a psychologist which it sums it up completely but i say that to say this right i say that all to say this is that we now have to take control of our own destiny we have to be our own rescue did you hear what i said guys we have to be our own rescue yes we do so now it's about us taking control and we are going to learn together we're going to grow together we're going to develop together and we're going to build our own wealth we're going to build our own communities and we are going to change the script i have come here to to change stuff to to flip the script on how we are used to doing things now is the time for change we've been saying this for a long time but it is you can see it's time for change so i want to know how you guys are doing always show me some love on facebook guys don't forget to pretty up the screen make me feel the love let me see the love listen i haven't had a hug in a long time so if you show me some love to my love hearts i'll be very very very happy all right so we are here today and i have two amazing guests one of my guests not here yet but i know she'll be here later two amazing guests um in the show female guests who have gone out and started their own businesses and two in two different ways and i wanted to show you the difference show the difference of how you can actually create an income a surplus income you know who who doesn't want to earn money when they sleep who doesn't want to earn money while you sleep because i know i do yeah i do and i i really like the sounds of that i like the feel of that earning money while i sleep yes man that sounds good to me so i know that there are many of you many many of you who feel the same way so right so on the thread let's have a look hi joy cox how you doing sheena how you doing this evening barbara how are you doing how how are you doing listen we need to connect um bob yes yes this is a virtual one for yes yes yes listen ladies ladies ladies i know that there are some ladies on here right now who are want to write books they want to have their own businesses they want to take their passion and create an income create something from nothing this is the show for you this is how we do it and as we move along together we are going to grow together we are going to develop together because you know what no woman should be left behind no man should be left behind either but you know what it's all women tonight so far so so good i shouldn't say that not that i discriminate against men because i don't men are very very very much needed but ladies what we're talking about tonight is creating your own wealth so that you can put that back into your homes your community and further afield yeah we need to have our own this situation here shows us that we need our own this situation shows us that we're not really in control are we if we're honest because when they say lock down it's locked down and if you're locked down and you're not working for a company that has surplus then you're not going to have any money because you're going to have to claim um why can't what not universal credit that's the one or your furlough so you're getting less than and now companies what they're doing they're actually asking you to take a cut in your wages to keep the companies going don't be fooled we are in a crisis right now but we can still earn we can still take this thing back by force yet because we're powerful power full i want you to understand the power that you have in you and how all it takes is for you to start to renew your mind and we need to do that on a daily hourly basis basis renewing the mind so that we can go forward and that we can establish ourselves where we want to be so i just want to say good mor good evening i'll say good morning good evening to everybody on this call so without further ado sorry should i say those of you who are on the wwe dot please forgive me for not even mentioning you this evening welcome welcome welcome those of you who are on l u r live dot co dot uk welcome to conversations with yvonne michelle now if you would like to get involved in the conversation please jump over to facebook or you can email me at info at yvonnemichelle.com info at yvonnemichelle.com yvonne michelle michelle has one l email me put your comments in and you know what from next week we'll have a number so you can call in because i think we're leaving you out too much those of you who are on the wwe i don't know what's going on with my ear today on the w dot so those of you who are here good evening good evening elizabeth good evening amina good evening uh deborah good evening cj good evening marisha good evening ronald good evening good evening good evening those of you who are here listen this is about us tonight this is about us taking things back by force and being our own rescue who's ready for that who's ready for that let me see some love in the facebook feed give me some love and i am going to be bringing in my first guest i am gonna make we're gonna rock and roll tonight we're rocking around and we're moving fast tonight so my first guest um we actually haven't been in contact that much and known each other that long but i've looked at some things and i see some things that i like so i am one of those people that i don't have much time to be on social media but if something jumps out at me i will take it in and i will jump back out and i will connect and so this young lady i've connected with her and she is doing she's going to explain what she does so she does um network marketing what's network marketing well she's going to explain exactly what that is now sometimes you don't notice there are some people who don't know what business they want to do they're stuck they don't know they feel that there's nothing that they that they could do for themselves and sometimes network marketing is the way forward is the way you might like make up you might like whatever you might like whatever and and there are network marketing companies let me give you an example of a network marketing company would be something like mary kay that's a network marketing there's loads and loads and loads and loads and loads of um just just juice just use something sir it is yeah another market there's loads and loads of them out there but this is your opportunity for you to sell a product and earn some money which is not with your job it's not connected to your nine to five this is going to give you freedom who wants freedom i know that you guys want freedom if you want freedom tonight i want you to put it in the thread that you want freedom put it on facebook let me hear you loudly so i can see your messages coming in so i want to know who wants to be free who wants financial freedom who wants to be free from the nine to five the monotony of going to job being told what to do who thinks that they can they can actually build something of their own well this is what tonight's about this is about us taking back control hi guys hi guys hi guys barbara says i'm ready that's what i want to hear hi carol maxi how are you my darling right so without further ado i'm going to bring in my guest the lovely jennifer campbell and we're going to bring her in right now so here we go hello jennifer you're good okay so just relax because i can see that you've been really nervous it's fine we're good we're good this is conversations with you from michelle so we're just gonna have a conversation about what you do and how people can get involved in in what you do and and it doesn't necessarily have to be what you do but it could be something similar now we've got barbara saying i want freedom sheena saying freedom yes for real and mauricio saying amen to freedom now this is what we're talking about so jen jen welcome welcome welcome to conversations with your mom machine so jen i know that you do network marketing so if you were to tell us oh there's pam saying hi pam pam is saying yes freedom absolutely so we're all on the same page we all want the same thing it's pam your friend his family your friend jen do you know pam great listen so jennifer tell us tell us a little bit about you you know just what you do and then a little bit about your story of how you got into what you do okay um what i do i just share what i love and what i love is um these products these are naturally based products anti-aging and it promotes legwork without chemicals that's what i love because it's no parabens no whatsoever to disturb your natural you know chemistry of your own won't call any cancer or fibroids or anything like that that's what i love about it um and how i got into it all right so i worked as a hairdresser for about three years but i think i had a for about 12 years but because i had my kids now i'm a single parent i had to change my career to work in a corporate world to bring enough funds to support them so um i got a message on queen from this lovely lady that said hi jennifer um i know this is random but i'm looking for looking for any uk um would i be yeah um so when i used the product it actually grew my hair back in clearly i don't have any feedback have you got your phone near to you is it on i'm speaking too much yes okay okay do you have headphones i do not know what you're nearby okay i'm fine as long as you can hear me clearly i can hear you now someone's saying it was a little bit cut here and she's fr you're freezing but carol's carol's saying yes that's better so because i've turned up here so i don't know if that's so we'll carry on and let oh and lyndon saying yes there's feedback so it might be that you carry on and let's see how we're doing um you may need to get some headphones though that might help with the feedback if you're feeding back okay can i do i need to go and find some headphones quickly go for it go for it because we know that this is live we know that this is live all right let me find some one second saying carry on give us this give out give us a second give us a second what you can see there behind jennifer is the actual product at the side now jennifer sells a product that is 100 non chemical based now for what i have seen now i must give you a little bit history about me in my previous life in my previous existence i am should i say a qualified hairdresser and i have clients i still do hair i've been doing hair for over 30 years my clients will not allow me to stop doing their hair so i do have once a month and i am shocker block all right but one thing i know especially within the within the african caribbean community not to mention european because i do both is that hair loss is is a thing alopecia especially listen around these edges right from the detraction of plating and all of those things uh dreadlocks the weight of it all of these things pull on pull down on our hair and so what jennifer's jennifer's product does it's had amazing results um absolutely amazing results and i'm like this is this is a natural product a natural product so this is what jennifer um is involved in in terms of her network marketing so you're selling network marketing you're selling a product from for another company and then you get commission for what you sell so that's just to give you a brief insight in into what network marketing is and why jennifer's here today it is because i know that many of us are struggling with our hair and i always say us i always include myself even though the struggle is not that real for me i um as i said on my hairdresser but the struggle is real and also i saw this thing this um i saw this article this video of of this man talking about uh black women especially with the extensions and where the extensions are coming from and all of these things so this is a really really interesting conversation you can't find the headphones there nearly there my daughter's fixing it up for me can the product work on 90 year old young ladies yes lyndon wissar is asking if the person is 90 will it work and i believe it will work as as jennifer just gets set up guys just bear with us the struggle is very real for me i just right okay there's somebody right here jennifer um that's saying um the struggle is very real for her um she just hides it well this hair loss so we're going to give you some details mauricio so of where you can get hold of some of these products um to help wonderful wonderful wonderful wonderful here we go here we go okay yes so um i was dealing with myself so i bought the product before i brought into the company before i used to product this was my before you can see that all right so hold it up very still can you if you tilt it up like this if you just tilt it slightly more so put the top end towards me so it's more that way that way yes and a bit further down that's it ah that's can you guys see can you see the middle of the hair is losing that's it thank you jennifer you can send those if you send those to me or put them on the link after add the picture so that people can it there and then see what the results were to what they are now within a matter of six weeks right six weeks yeah we can see that six weeks six weeks of hair has grown back brilliant yeah yeah and it's all based naturally based products very very quickly natural based product so lyndon whissot is asking is it a combination of products or is it one product for the for the is that linden is that full that if that can you be clear if that's for hair loss or you know just for the res receding it might be for alopecia no we've got products for like general health and everything like that we also got products for um which is slightly more it's got more um pixels it helps to grow the hair it's got more tools to help you grow hair loss yeah so yeah so is the is it one product for the hair loss or a combination we've got a combination so for example you use the black scalp to help remove all the build up from the hair yeah scalp and it helps to stimulate the follicles that it can grow so you use that weight in your hands and then you stimulate into the scalp it helps to stimulate the scalp so you do that twice leave it on for three minutes and you can just so it can penetrate rinse it off and on a morning and night you spray the intensive repair treatment right like if you've got all the edges right and then you've got the spray you put the spray in after there's a slight delay there's a slight delay intensive spread yeah you use that twice a day um you need to do oil treatment as well that helps to nourish the follicles right oil so yeah it's a really bad reception to hear what you're saying we're having a little bit of difficulty but we're going to take it slow we take it slow because we do know that because everyone's on the internet it is a challenge right now so guys those of you who are with us please bear with us but what we will do as well is we will put more information into the comments and um the picture that jennifer has shown we'll get that onto into the comments so that you can actually see the difference that it made to her hair um this is real guys this is real um lyndon is saying and i think linda you're just being funny now does it bring gray hair back to black does it bring gray hair but i think linda you need to get a color for that lyndon but is that from are you are you thinking about that about that for his mum because he mentioned about a 90 year old so i'm assuming that that's for mum in terms of the hair loss so um that would be helpful so jennifer let me ask you because one of the things that you said was that you went into corporate work to feed the family as a single parent and then this opportunity now has come up for you to sell in this network marketing space and how has that changed your life how's that change oh oh much more happier now i look like times when you and then you remember oh my god i've got my mate to help me out you know me this time can just go um shopping and you know you've got backup money yeah help you out so has that helped you during this time you know we're going you're just sofa i know so far and i was able to just about can you right it's difficult i'll tell you what i'm gonna get you breaking up if you log out and jump back in to just come out of the come out of it now and come use the same link and come back i will be here let's just see if it's the line if we can change that because it was starting to freeze no i'm breaking up yeah so jump off and come back in okay okay all right you'll be back i'll remove you okay guys so um i want to thank you for your patience as we are still battling with uh the internet tonight um but i really want to get you so that you understand and get a grist get my words out get abreast of this because this is such an important area this is so important especially to women and to men because i'm sure that the men are going to um be able to benefit from this as well and we all want as the ladies were saying earlier they all want financial freedom they all want financial freedom everybody wants financial freedom now i know that there are some of you ladies in here that have got an idea you've got an idea that you want to push forward that you want you think oh i could make something but you just don't know how or you've started something and then you're stuck or you know you've you've actually got a product and but you just don't know what direction to take it in and you're unsure of the processes this is why i'm here to help this is why i'm here to help and this is why we're doing this show because i want to let you know that there are opportunities for you there are opportunities for you to thrive there are opportunities for you to grow and develop within a network all right so i want you to realize that and realize how important your dreams your aspirations your goals are and they are achievable i want you to know today it is possible right and it's about making a way and here's where you are yeah i i know yeah i can uh pam is saying the internet is crazy busy right now with everyone on it can we can be patient thank you so much thank you so much i really really want you guys to get this it seems like that you get the best reception early in the morning everybody's on it and i think everybody's just sitting down and relaxing on the internet right now especially after yesterday's nonsense from boris johnson but that's like let me not get sidetracked with the foolishness and let us stay focused on what we need to do as women as men as people that are on a mission to change and disrupt the normal this is our new normal but we're here to disrupt it we still have power we still can create we we come from the infinite source of creation i mean we come from that we we are the descendants of that so therefore if the highest source is giving us the power to create why are we not creating we can create we can create lyndon says you sound great thank you guys i want to welcome everybody that's joining me this evening what i want you to know is that it is possible for you to create your own wealth it is possible for you to turn this situation around and do you yes do you do it the way that you want disrupt the normal man i'm done i've had enough come on guys you know i do this in the morning who's with me because we have the power it's in us it's in us it's in are you back hello hello can you believe me oh oh that's much better that's much much better okay so let's pick up from where we left off so you have this product and you are doing network marketing and so you were telling us about your experience of the alopecia and your hair reforming how long did that take oh i can't even hear your question i've been with the company for two years if that's the question you're asking yes yes right so the question i asked is how long did it take for the alopecia to grow to start to grow back oh of people with alopecia how long it takes um it depends like um you can get say it could take two two months it depends what what type of adaptation or how severe it is but you with this product is you get really good results in a very short space of time if you want to use something that's got chemicals it still interfere with your biochemistry and it doesn't work as fast because these are natural it works in harmony of your body you get results much quicker so i would say it depends because we had a really young girl who had alopecia and it took like over up to like a year and a half for her to grow her hair fully back completely bald but it's the consistent use of these products you will definitely get your hair grown back that's only has like um one percent return rate on our products well yeah yeah and it's the 30-day money-back guarantee so that's how brilliant the products are and you know if you're backed by that so that's not good the products are you do get results okay and does in this time consuming does it take up a lot of your time to no because you always sham you have to shampoo your hair anyway it's not like you're not doing anything out of the ordinary you know you shampoo your hair you just you know all you've got to do is invest in yourself you just you just um it's just three minutes leave the products on your hair for three minutes while you're doing this hoovering or something and yeah you know you do it twice and you apply the products more it's taking so much of your time it's like you're investing in yourself so you're treating yourself so it doesn't take a huge amount of time no brilliant what right so we've got tayo saying what is coming like what is the name of the product so we go through that again the product the actual product itself is um monet ornate and it's um shampoo and conditioner right can we can you spell that for me m-o-n-80 one eight and it's the um black two in one shampoo and conditioner that's the one that grows your hair back just yeah okay i'm gonna i'm just writing this two in and four yeah that's for general hair loss but for alopecia we've got the intense repair shampoo and conditioner right so that's intense repair yeah and conditioner right so guys that helps yeah right so those of you who are listening i'm gonna ask you for some help because i am typing in and i'm running this all at the same time so if you hear something that will help like the name or where you can get the products for if somebody could just type that into the comments that would be really really helpful really really helpful tonight um right so jennifer is there a website is there a website because this is what's been asked is there a website for the product yeah you can use my website yeah should i type it in or should i price it if you can website yeah which i'll type it in yeah type it in if you can so if you all right you tell me and i'll do it so it'll just keep it flowing so it's okay so the website is jen did you say chen okay it's jen barbara b-a-r jen barbara.mymonate.com yeah mymonique.com mymonique.com okay one dot com right i've got it at last and it's all lowercase guys just so that you know right because it's come out as capitals there we go it's on there that's the website oh she's gone but she'll be back you'll be back i think her internet's gone down but we've got some good details i want you to go on the site right it's jennifer that jen barbara one word at mymonat.com all right so if you pam can you type that in for me please yes and that might be a way that you can contact jennifer um to get more details my other lady is coming i've just received a message from her to say that she will be with us in two shakes so this is good i i don't know what the state of the the internet is but as long as you guys can still hear me can you still hear me am i still with you are you can you still hear me i'm telling you this guys if you think that this job is easy it's not it's not at all but it's all right shall i tell you why because life throws us curved balls it does all the time and when you have a curved ball you've got to stand with your feet girded on the ground and you've got to focus on the job in hand you know when that ball's coming the curveball you gotta see in which direction it's coming and get ready to hit that thing back to where you need it to go or to put it back into position thank you very much pam for saying you can hear me so same way that life throws curveballs when you're doing things like this yeah oh she's done it here we go uh here we go got it here um yeah when we've got curveballs we just have to get on and do all right we have to get on and we just got to make the most of it so as you can see um my lady has been kicked out because of the internet and um she's not here but it doesn't matter because we're still gonna keep moving on we're gonna keep striving on i've been i have been going in and out so please everyone don't give up the internet is very unstable today yes yes i know i know thank you lyndon thank you so much for doing that thank you you are such a blessing such a such a blessing thank you so much guys so listen right so we know that we have options so what i want to know is whilst we're waiting for the ladies to come back where are you what thank you darla thank you pam you are an angel thank you and lyndon thank you very much we've got two different feats going on so this is great because we are actually streaming in two different three different places tonight this is how we're doing it this is how we're doing it and this is what i'm saying you've got to be willing to do something uncomfortable this is uncomfortable for me i am not technological at all but i'm still here and i'm still doing it so i want you to tell me what is it what is it that you want to do come on in the thread tell me what you want to do what is your heart's desire what is the type of thing that you want to build do you want to write a book do you want to start your own business do you want to you know do you want to help people do you want to be a life coach do you what do you want what is the goal i want you to tell me what is your goal right now what is the end goal where do you see yourself in three years time five years time what is the goal that you want tell me tell me tell me tell me tell me good evening everybody good evening good evening good evening tell me what it is that you desire all right and the reason why i'm asking you that is because this is what i do this is how i help and i want to help you ladies and gentlemen tonight i want to help you to move one step further towards your goals one step further towards the dream because the power is in your hand you have it you have it in your hand and all you have to do is learn how to use it how to manipulate it in your hand it's like having a piece of dough you know okay so barbara's saying right so barbara's saying she wants to do her poetry out there and finish her book the best way to reach the master son she yes it is this is the best way speaking is the best way to meet to to reach the masses and this is what i teach in my training right carol rollins is saying start a business what i discussed earlier absolutely i mean essentia wants to be a transformational speaker absolutely right so ladies ladies come on i want to see what you want to be what you want to do i want to see thank you thank you thank you to barbara to carol to amina for putting it out there for being brave for being bold to say this is what i want to do because now that you put it out into the atmosphere now you're going to become accountable to it now we want to see the manifestation come to pass ah jenny's back she's back she's back she's back let's bring her in hey are you okay but i don't know what happened there the it's the internet it will throw you out just well it will [Music] right lyndon is saying yeah if someone is using data and wi-fi in your house hold on if someone is using data and wi-fi in your house try using data only and switch off wi-fi or reverse the process that's what he's saying right okay can you hear me can you hear me you can't hear me you're frozen okay let's take you out for a moment because you're frozen okay and we'll come back um jen will come back to you we'll come back to we'll give it give it a few minutes and we'll come back to you all right okay so you're still frozen oh once you start moving i'll see okay so i'm gonna go back to the audience hi trevor how you doing sheena's saying i want to be an inspirational speaker joanna brown and say hi joanna joanna is a an author she's an incredible lady um and taylor's saying she wants to move to the next level what does the next level look like to you taylor what does that mean what is it you want to do specifically right so that we can start to help each other tonight okay let me bring jen back in see if we get back in hey listen we're not being defeated tonight we will not be defeated we are glad yeah champions yeah can you hear me can you hear me yeah you keep freezing every so often but you know yeah it will linda's saying he only uses data when he had and he'll have a perfect reception so are you using wi-fi all the data from your phone this is wi-fi okay okay and have you tried using the data on your phone everybody used my phone you want me to try that it might help disappear now no no i'll be here it'll stay this will stay locked in and even if you get locked out you've got the link so you just go back on the link and i'll be here and we'll all be here my date for now all right oh okay okay ah okay wonderful my next guest is here my darling just stay right there we'll bring you in shortly okay jen so here we go this is my paper now this is better is that better guys yeah this is better all right so oh good oh god don't worry it's fine so we're having a conversation about the project monat it's more nats is it monarchs or my next my name my name is modern nature one eight right one eight so and it's based on natural products there is no chemicals in the product and this has been yeah that's better so so um so moving forward now in what you'll do you've been in the company for two years you used it on your own hair because you were suffering with some alopecia and it started to grow back within six weeks and so now you've become um a network marketer in this product and what i was going to ask you was how is that how has that changed your life did i ask that really for the better how has that changed your life doing this job doing this kind of way and earning like commissions how has that changed your life oh oh yeah you will you get uh i've got here you can earn 30 to 40 on retail sales 15 to 25 on vip sales and bonuses as well so you always have like money or there's no way that i've got um lack of money there's always something i can fall back on if you know what i mean so yeah with not just the money that's not the only thing that makes me happy it's just like the community of vlogs you meet so many different people you meet so many women have you got that because you know as you grow up you lose your you know you friends get married and you sort of you know you lose your friends you know what i mean because they're married and he talks just apart but with this you've got the community um of women and the support network it's just great to have that you're forever meeting new people so that's helped me in that way because i don't as well so that's what's really nice and the company's so supportive good good so ladies gentlemen if you were thinking if you were feeling a little bit stuck and you didn't know what you wanted to do for yourself and you wanted to go and um and invest because this is the word of the season invest in yourself when you when you're looking at these things i don't want you to think oh i'm just investing in a product no actually you're investing in yourself first yeah everything you do right and i want you to really get that into your spirit right now that this life is about us investing into the self and it's not about being selfish it's about recognizing how important the self that you have is right i'm going to say that again it's about recognizing how important the self that you have is all right you are important and there's something because you said you you said in in in one of the um things that you were saying i heard you say it was about investing in yourself you wanted to invest in yourself and you found this product and you love this product now i'm looking at your hair you look like you've got here it looks thick i said i'm looking at your hair and i can see that you've got a head full of hair your hair hair yeah yeah yeah yeah it looks thick so and this i believe is what most of us want our own natural thick hair that looks healthy is healthy and grows in a healthy way we don't want that you know for me i mean i've shaved it right but that's not everybody's style and passion so it's really i can is your hair natural as well it's natural i've never ever worn weaves yes my hair definitely i would not wearing weave the wigs is not my thing so yeah this is my hair not my thing at all okay and that's cool because it looks so healthy and it looks so thick so this is you know i know that there's going to be some people on the on this thread that'd be like yeah i want my hair to look like that i want to get these so we've put your um your website on the screen so people can see where to get a hold of this um product and you guys invest in yourselves um and help barbara to call you barbara and our job jennifer to move forward in her business because this is what we're talking about today you see each one has to help one my grandmother say one hand can't clap one hand can't clap you can't clap i don't know who's calling me right now carol laurent um oh no that's thing yeah so so this is where we're at now we're gonna we are here to help we are here to to walk together to learn together and to drive together so guys you know we want you to i know we haven't had uh an easy conversation because of the internet but you know jennifer is here um if you have any other questions please do feel free to ask yet pam come away saying each one help one absolutely this is what we're talking about so for those of you who have for those of you who are just joining us we are talking to jennifer jennifer um does network marketing and she has a product called mona monat and it helps to restore our hair and it's all natural products um jennifer had alopecia and within six weeks um that started to grow back how how long did you have the alopecia before you used the product i had it for about uh two three months and i've been like researching to find things to products to grow my hair back and it didn't work um pax cosmetics i went there i bought loads of products and it was like you wasted so much money um but with these users you know if it doesn't work you get your money back that's what's good about it and not only that we don't only deal with hair loss we do with um looking after hearing generally so for um our hair we've got a super nourished shampoo oil cream shampoo and conditioner which is just for general peer maintenance yeah so these contain um natural essential oils like grape seed oil um raspberries seed oil and pomegranate seed oil so it's very nourishing this oil blade so this is something that you can use that hasn't got any parabens or sugarcoats in it as well so this is a good duo to use as well okay this all sounds so is there any oils or anything or is it just the shampoos and the conditioners that you use now we've got the oil as well there's juvenile oil um it contains 13 essential oils and from around the world and um 90 of our products contain rejuvenated oils so you're getting a blast of treatment every time you use the products you're getting treatment all the time so it's not just um like it's not giving any harsh treatments you get these are solution based products so if you've got a problem we've got a solution to fix the problem so we're getting treatment all the time there's lack of vitamins as well so um you're getting what your body needs oh this is good so if say for instance uh someone's got a lot of gray because we know that a lot of the white hair is called so it's drier than our darker hair um would is there something for that to kind of smooth or make that not as cool let me say again with the rejuvenate oil um the manicure i can't say molecular i can't say this that's it it's really tiny tiny enough to penetrate the hair strand and it feeds the hair from the inside out so it helps to soften the hair so there's not many oils that can penetrate the hair like the rejuvenated oil can either um coconut oil um moroccan oil just sits on the hair you might get the oil it doesn't feed the hair at all but this penetrates until they have got inside out like all our products as well because it's infused in all of the products so you're getting treatment after treatment of the treatment so it's treatment upon treatment upon treatment yeah treating the hair yeah great great great so guys this is a great product and i'm going to be um investing in some of the product you know to for some of my clients um as well so because i think it will be beneficial and that's just to kind of you know move things forward as well um but we will um invite jennifer you will be coming back oh yes please let me come back and give you the you know give me more information yeah what we could do is uh how we could look at this is we could actually do a show where you do a demonstration so you could you know maybe with your daughter's hair and comb it through and whatever not oh yeah one of the things um oh chelsea where can you buy this product um cheryl if you look on the screen there's a website there you can buy it directly from jennifer um and it will be sent to you so yeah um you can also message me as well on that on that site you can message me any questions i can feedback to you any questions at all i can feedback you all right i hope that helps so jennifer we're gonna invite you back because my other lady's here and hopefully hopefully she's been getting kicked out by the internet okay um so we're gonna take the conversation over to um karine but i i'm opening up an invitation for you to come back and let us know and talk more about this product because you mentioned something you mentioned well i think i made a statement you said yeah we we struggle we have to go to all these different places to get products for our hair and you mentioned pack now i've used pact for many many years but every time i use and i'm just gonna say this so guys don't shoot me down but you know what i'm just going to talk my mind after years i've been going to pac and other shops julia juliet all these companies and actually they are owned by asian people and there's nothing wrong with that let me just put that out there there's nothing wrong with that however the market they're catering for is african caribbean people and they do not know about the products that they have in the shop that they're selling us and therefore we they're advising us to buy all these products that they don't know have any idea what they are and we're putting it in our hair at the end of the day it is high time that we as our own african caribbean people start to sell our own products i know that we can get products from bits there are africa in the caribbean places that do food and they'll have little products here little products here that's not what i'm talking about i'm talking about having ownership i'm talking about building something that is ours i'm talking about uh creating a service for our own people to create wealth amongst our own people and i'm not talking about segregation i'm not talking about that but it is high time that we have for ourselves and stop begging at the table and as as tyler perry said build our own table and this product can give us the opportunity to create the revenue to do our things for ourselves all right so um jen yeah let me say one more thing before we go yes right i just want to say that it's not a pyramid scheme it's that's illegal so please hop on and i want to just read out one thing really one more thing right i'm looking for individuals who are interested in buying into the product and the opportunity that exhibit beauty emotion strength while supporting their families and value to the community so think about your community and you know jump aboard we can look after you it's a great monet is a great place to be thank you so much for jumping on today thank you and we will be in touch i'll be in touch with you again and we will have you back on the demonstration we'll we'll do something all right my darling that'd be good thank you so much thanks for having me guys very well all right so now i'll bring in my my next guest um who is here waiting are you here my darling where are you i am can you hear me i can hear you but i can't see you i'm just trying to flip say that again i tried to make an effort in my appearance for you today okay so guys this is kareem karine is running her own organization now so so we've had the two we've had um jen and if you want to stay and come in at the end you can you know so just let me know with the thumbs up if you want to come back and say because i can still see you in the green room so so kareem is here karine is 31 31 years old and hello darling and has started her own business now um i spoke to corinne today and we we had such a good conversation a good vibe good energy um about business and um current you can tell guys tell the guys um what you do and what business you created okay so i run a um business not working platform for anybody that had one in the business or talent um i run along with her the guests have an opportunity to interact with the pop-up stores and get some of the different businesses and services that we've found um but the whole aim is um each other's product as opposed to the main commercial store right so you're you you have a business networking business and you um give platforms to people like bob um jackie from the barbara jennifer um to pop up with their product and let the people know what they do and and so what you're encouraging us to do is to unite and buy from each other and build each other up and okay it's sort of to highlight as well because i mean something like jennifer would be very interesting have made a lot of am i had some of her toothpaste i used it it was really good toothpaste you hear that guys toothpaste tooth paste listen oh okay yvonne if you go on me when the right okay all right darling thank you sheena right you're saying to go on mute when you are speaking it might help all right i will do that i'll give it a go thank you for that so this is why the audience the audience here are amazing they just be back and it's like i love you thank you audience we need that interaction it's not easy being on the screen i can assure you of that all right if you try and keep your camera still hold on do you know what my battery is what is it so i'm trying to keep it on okay all right so karen what i want to know is what made you get into this business what was going on with you why you started this business um i started guess who um from work they're working with the corporate settings and it's quite a big organization we moved into a new department so new bui um um so then i decided to take it out of office and see if there's anybody out there i could fly invest different whether it's an artist um a business a skill or a service and i did i started to go to a lot of open mic nights and find a lot of interesting artists um that also have a main job in the day um and then i started to go to a lot of pop-up shops and job searches and just kind of get talking and i realized there's a lot of people that are not just working they've got other aspirations and plans and they're doing things behind the scenes they're not just sort of doing their night of fight and i don't know about them like i said i'm working with a lady who makes toothpaste and i didn't know we was working together for so long and she makes people and she did a pop-up shop and it was a blast everybody kind of really drew to that so for me it was the excitement of bringing everybody together and making it work and such and it has kind of flourished that is incredible and you know what what um makes it more interesting is the fact that this was just an idea and you met a need right and this is this is one of the first things about business that i teach you go for the need it's not something yes you want to do stuff but it actually isn't about what you particularly want to do so if you have a thought like you say you know you know these people it went from about six to 169 people more than 69 people and to this day i'm still quite shocked it still adds and that's just in this um i never knew anywhere where i could go before where i could say hi my name is and this is what i do so yeah i wanted to kind of provide that yeah a bit similar to what you're doing good so thank you absolutely it's very similar i do on the radio you do it you you do it outside on you know within the community so it's very very similar it is similar work that we do what i want to know is is now that you have discovered this because this would have started out as a little hobby thing or i'm just going to do this and see what happens um now that you have discovered this is this something that you want to do full time million obviously i definitely love my baby i love my colleagues at work i do love my job however i've found a new corner apparently and i really enjoy what i'm doing the amount of people i get to meet he's so interesting i definitely and the fact that i'm able to kind of give back in some way it might not be the most major but a lot of people do appreciate what i'm doing so yeah i definitely want to go ahead and make that a full-time service now you are creating a platform i want to tell you guys i just want to tell you guys about your vision right because like i said we spoke earlier and i said to i said to karine you know what is your vision i want you to think about the biggest thing that you want to do and and what was it you said karine um i don't know if you guys remember apollo or um the bt award awards i'm going to become that eventually a a channel where we own a community what we're doing and nobody can kind of cut that off at any point i was doing a live i've been saying before i was doing a live on sunday and instagram actually tied me up i said that you know i've got 10 seconds left and i literally have to start racing for my viewers and say 10 seconds and it just got me thinking more why i want to do what i'm doing yeah absolutely absolutely i mean facebook's going crazy now it's just going crazy yeah because at the end this is what i'm talking about so corrine is saying that she wants to create a platform like bet which which is a a mainstream tv production company in the states which is black entertainment television b-e-t where they are doing things for themselves and like i said it's not a matter of we'd want to segregate but at the end of the day it was sick and tired right of asking permission to be who we are now we are serving notice this is who we are and this is what we're doing and we're not apologetic about it we're just doing it i need to accept it a million percent i mean like i said when i started um guess who everyone kept on asking me what is guest who going to be i said i don't know i'm just doing events and it's going to make sure everybody's connected we're having network advice and that's what i was calling it for ages networking place but really i realized later it's actually an actual platform so i've reworded it is a platform um don't get me wrong i'm for every culture and every race it doesn't matter however like you said it is time that we can stop begging and just have an equal sense as such definitely um there's so many different nations um and um that are prospering because they're united and we're not we still want to side-eye each other and have a negative comment in my life yesterday i told everybody any negative comments i will block you i will just block you anybody that comes in and you've got anything negative to say i'm blocking you and that's my energy towards the holy ghetto this is this is so perfect you know um shireen campbell's serene is saying yes korean i'm loving the sound of it's yes [Music] sheena is in uh is is this side of the which is up um in between area so yeah and so this is for me because now we are connected i'm thinking well how can we utilize this and so you may be putting on things in different areas not just in london now because you know oh lyndon says i know a man who may help the main thing is funding we can do it yes absolutely we can do it and we're like we are powerful i think i don't know if you know it's the second united since states been inside what's up groups i've been talking to a lot of people um a different variety of people that have got the right energy guess who has gone from here to there and just seen it you definitely are doing the right thing you're doing the right thing because it feels right to you and it's growing and it's helping the community well do you know what i must admit i've done so many different businesses over the years and to be honest probably about 14 years 15 years um and i've definitely tried fashion um but my passion was never in it the way it is good good this and this is what we're talking about lyndon saying we are united when we when you connect with the right people like i say this is this this is something that i want us to get when my voice and your voice connects it creates a vibration of course right that vibration echoes in the atmosphere echo that we make when we are together that brings down the walls of all the pain the shame the hurt all of those things that we've been through and that's when we start to rebuild who we are at our core but we must first the people that came through i was grateful that there was an opportunity because you know what i mean there's a lot of celebrities that are doing similar things like talent shows and things like that um for the artists but they're not getting a look in as such there's too many people going in and they're too big for what it is um so the locals aren't appreciating them they're not getting a little up they're not getting local support um and again a lot of people are only focusing on one area mines is an industry networking platform so it doesn't matter what your industry is it doesn't matter what your history is i'm interested in your motivation and your as you told me you taught me a new word your commitment as long as you're committed to what you're doing that's where i want to be because we can all say and we've got dreams and i've got plenty but yeah action definitely speaks other than words speaking from experience unfortunately yeah show me what show me what you're saying show me what you're doing let's do it let's do it now come let's go let's go my only example is that's the best thing i can say guess who when it originally started i didn't even know did you hear that guys did you hear that when korean started her business she didn't even have a name so guys what i'm saying to you listening listen listen listen don't let not knowing some of the steps stop you from jumping are we ready to take a leap guys are we ready to take a leap of faith and do what we know we can do like i keep saying we are power full power we and full of it we are you know industry united network sounds great called guess i'll tell you the truth the clue is in the name guess who is doing this guess who started that guess who's ventured out guess who launched is guess who's active so ideally yeah yeah we you know we would like to have open conversations oh you know it's ideal well guess what and sometimes we use the word guess that sentence guess who in a negative way to kind of back bite each other and kind of put people down so yeah my thing with guess who is it's to bring you up guess what's happening happening um guess who's popped up with a new idea and it's working and it's working i have to remember to mute myself but it's and it's working and that is the value we've got some comments here barbara saying that's exactly it the right connections create a powerful force and that is so true you know sometimes when i speak i say you know you have to be mindful of who's around you because sometimes and it can be even people that are close to you are the worst people to be around you because there's no encouragement it's pure negativity and you have to find the right the right community to be around i think it's vital for the growth of your business it's so cliche to say oh they just put me down but it was so true and to see i've only been one guessing for a year but it's been really really really good it's been a good job it's been fun it's exciting don't worry just come and see and they came and they saw and they they enjoyed they came they saw you conquered that's what happened you conquered yeah and so lyndon's saying guess who united network he's got this united network coming yeah guess who united network that's what he says sounds great um united we stand divided we fall and that's absolutely true absolutely true ladies and gentlemen we got things to do we got things to do and one of the things that encouraged me um to to connect with karin is the fact that the way in which your business came about was so organic it was so beautiful it's like i'm just gonna try this thing i'm gonna try to see what happens and and from that that that takes bravery that was a bold move very very bold mood follow the ball right so sheena's saying follow the butterfly feeling yeah i like that so i attempted making my own hair grease for the first time well done you did you hear that sheena did you hear that you better pretty up the screen love i'm telling you you better pretty up that screen because my girl's saying she'll follow that up yeah and she'll try it yeah now bring it up my way definitely i'm down for promoting and sampling what's happening i'm only going to go to the the man the asian man's not even open at the moment i need her i'm only gonna spend my 3.99 4.99 come on now come on now see you see how powerful this is can you see how listen guys you need to be telling your bridges your people your your cousin your family them to log it into this show every week because this is the direction we're going in everything is changing if you haven't noticed i mean i've changed everything the whole lockdown process before lucky and there's a lot of conspiracy a lot of yeah ideas of what's going on but all i do know is it's definitely happened for a reason and i've embraced it i've um reached out to a lot of people that i wouldn't have i've done a lot of things that i want to have i've taken advantage of that time and i definitely would say to everybody right now before the lockdown does release do what you got to do now is the time what mother gave us absolutely pandemic epidemic but we are we're here for a reason so yeah utilize it make it happen because it ain't gonna be here for a week and it's not gonna stay the same we're not going back to our old reality so it's a case of embracing the new you more than adapting to the new situation and making your your shillings and your net worth from what's happening now starting with what you're doing is a very good book girl absolutely guys did you hear that did you hear that make the most of the time now we are in lockdown we are in lockdown for a reason but we are here to make the most of it i don't want us to get so consumed with what's going on outside who's saying what who's doing what doris have said what you have to say right if you don't understand what doris was saying after the show go and look on my facebook you'll see a psychologist breakdown right that's and and then know to make a decision for yourself this is the time for us to be our own rescue and stop looking for everybody else to to bail us out we have to put on our big girl pants and i'll get big boy we gotta be our own rescue so veronica is asking what is guess who right so guess who is a a business networking uh organization and um that helps people who are in the creative space well anybody really you're saying aren't you yes it doesn't matter what the industry is it doesn't matter um for me it's to promote highlight and create awareness of your product business skill or service like i said i've got um poets rappers singers um artists drawers and then i've got customized fashion designers i've got councillors masseuse um i personally work in my day job in construction so that's another plus so i've got quite a few connecting the construction industry so anything to do with building home maintenance and miguel um day-to-day cars day-to-day running i've found somebody for everybody or something for somebody in every situation i'm that's what i'm trying to do as such um so then i offer you guys a platform where you could go do a pop-up of whatever your business is or your skill or your service and i offer an opportunity to do an open mic so if you don't want to do a pop-up as such maybe not quite ready um you can come up still attend and do an open mic and just say hi my name is this is what i'm doing or this what i plan to do look out for me um but you still have an opportunity to meet and interact directly with the new businesses um the main thing is that i try to interact with people that are actively doing what they're doing and committed to what they're doing it's not just oh i've got a business and it works sometimes and i'm interested in it sometimes it's every day that's my passion and my dream even if you can't actually execute it at the moment brilliant and and yes barbara but yeah you did hear correctly corinne did say poets oh yes we have a poet barbara's a poet she's writing a book so so when you're ready the platform you see this is what we're talking about this is what i'm talking about collaboration the platform is already been formed i don't want to put any restriction restrictions on anybody's passion it doesn't matter what it is that you're doing um you're gonna do it i'm gonna help you i wanna support you i mean coming on here and speaking about somebody's brand so yeah word of mouth is always best thing yeah poet i'm welcome to you please come you see what i'm saying guys listen we're doing something we're changing the script we are commanding our own destiny because we are creating calls yeah we're created to create and so this is what we're doing i just want to welcome those of you who are just joining us for this evening's conversation with yvonne michelle um i want to thank you guys for staying with us even though we were having trouble with the internet dropping in and out you stayed with us and i want to thank you for that and just welcome everybody that's coming on board if you guys have any questions for kareem can you please put them on the thread on the in the comments so that i can ask corrine those questions buy them hold up i'll do my best i'm really really excited about the future you see you see look at look at what sheena's saying we need our own film studio too but my darling if you need uh something recorded you come and you see me and i will remember i'm doing a tv show hello i will hook you up this is what we're talking about yes exactly you know wanna watch the other do you wanna if we're not we're too afraid of real life as a nation as a community british like we're very very um robotic systematic and afraid to kind of launch and branch out to what we want to do in fear of failure and i definitely that's what i'm trying to dismiss i don't listen i've done so many things that i've started tried and failed and worked and you know i mean every day is a different day so it's just a case of let's play but you know what you see the thing where you say you tried and failed you didn't fail you know what you were you know from that feedback and now you're in place where you need to be there's no failure no it's very good this is what i was saying the other day on on my morning inspiration there is no failure actually the only thing that you can fail to do is not notice the answers that you're getting because in everything we learn we learn more from the things our mistakes than the things that are not million percent yeah i'll backtrack on that position very true a lot of my favorites have made me determined and confident person i am today after i've been as you said but i don't mind i can take you know but i'll i'm more grateful for you again if i try and okay yes yeah let's go just you know what this is what i tell this is what i tell my my students and i don't tell my my children if you hear that no it only means next opportunity that's all yeah it wasn't meant for them and sometimes when people say no you'll find a little while later it could be a year two years it might be five years they'd come back if they yes and say yes yeah because if you're consistent well that's it you never took no for an answer consistency is the key we've got here setbacks only make you stronger you're being drawn back like a bow like a bow like that already i'm ready to start shooting every single opportunity absolutely setbacks only make you stronger you're being drawn back like a bow to be launched at your target guys i need some what is something sorry water you know when you're talking and you're talking and you're talking to talking you'd be talking all day you might get my mouth is dry i'm trying to slip on this little taste bud apple juice you know cloudy is it cloudy with a cloud rifle does it taste bad um right okay so we've got some comments right so barbara's saying definitely every experience whether we feel the result is good or not is something we can learn from and aspire to experience something even better absolutely um i've tried different things myself i had a cleaning business ironing and laundry business i'm still a perfume consultant and just recently joined herbal life but it's not enough i'm in the middle of writing a book for plays and films love that yeah because you know a lot of people used to tell me i'll focus on one thing up don't get me wrong focus on one thing but don't put your eggplant on birthday right i i had a little download the other day about this focusing on one thing you can focus on more than one thing to be effective right you have to look at these you have to look at your businesses as children these your business is a child you've got to look at it like you are nurturing a baby now we know most of us have one baby at a time but what happens when you have twins you've still got to know triplets you still want to nurture them but what you do is you run them the same so this the same um driver the same network the so everything is exact because most of the time when you see people that have twins and they're all dressed the same all of them because it makes it easier to manage so you will then have to run your business with the same sales the same funnels that you have the same the same things that you're doing for this business one you have to do for business so you have to run it identify the same start at the same time and do it all the same when i got that download i was jumping i was like that's deep that's that's that is that it was that's the way a million percent that's how i tried to adapt a lot and all of my day-to-day activities um like i said i've got a day job i've got guilty but there are so many other things but what i do do is adapt the same proof as methods of doing yeah so guys know that you can it's not easy running one business is not easy but you can run multiple businesses if you use the same template that you use and you run them together not easy and most business coaches gurus whatever you want to call them consultants will tell you to do one at a time but some of us are able to multitask really yeah so i want to welcome everyone that's just joining us thank you for your comments please do pretty up the screen and show some love because i haven't had a ugg in a long time so i need some love i need some love arts only god knows when i will get to ugg again so i need some ugly so thank you guys thank you for the love yes thank you for the love listen we are uh this is conversations with ivan michelle we are on luton urban radio we are here on facebook live and we are streaming through stream yard and we're having an absolutely amazing time we've had two powerful women come and talk about what they're doing from two different perspectives so we had um jennifer who spoke about network marketing and she's doing a um she's using a natural product that is really making changes to hair especially alopecia around the edges around our edges she's you know and she had some uh pictures and everything to prove she's got the proof that this product really works so so um jennifer was here now karine who has an organization uh network uh marketing company no it's not a network marketer yeah that's a industry networking platform industry networking platform called guess who and that's for for people who are serving people who are in the community people who are actors um who are um doing video screening business skills anything if you have a business you can do a pop-up so there are many many avenues and what we're doing is we're creating the platform so that we now have a place a base to show what we do and we want everybody to get involved and start you know putting out putting it out there i don't want you to be afraid to not say again darling yeah that's the thing i don't want no one to feel that car you know i'm not ready because you definitely highlighted that um remember i'm saying to you i'm i haven't got enough to and in the future i have i've got a lot um i've got a lot of people a lot of following and don't don't be afraid to just try and show everybody who you are what you're doing um small or big because it definitely people want to see and you'll be so surprised how supportive people are they really are encouraging and supportive and yesterday one month my life i did a cipher but it's not just about you know suit and ties um very formal i'm having fun in my lives um and guess who is literally fun um but making money while having fun sort of thing um and the cypher there was a 50 pound competition literally just come in and freestyle but for me that was an opportunity for you to just express and um to show your your talent and your there was an opportunity for them to showcase their own works um i did the same thing with pop-ups so i i gave them an opportunity to actually create a pop-up in their home because even though we're on we're on lockdown why can't we still sell and still interact so um they made a little pop-up in their home and they showed us their brand and it was in and out say hi and we are this is what we do and they um are reflect culture they do children's clothes which are um black should i say or caribbean faces characters children's faces but they're relatable to the little kids i think they said it was between 2 and 15 years old so then they got little afros um hoodies little studded earrings and they're cute but kids are relatable and i said to myself nike isn't relatable anymore it's just a tick why are we wearing like every day and you know there's something out there that we can relate to my niece absolutely loved that brand so yeah it was just a case of highlighting and promoting focusing on what they did good that is really really what this is about and it's you bringing people together and you're giving them the chance and the fact is that you did your first life nervously but you did it you did it you know and i had it for two weeks before and i had somebody else host it yeah what was the question i asked you today why you got someone else doing it for you do it i will say this um no disrespect to my my host because she's amazing but that was the third one i've done online the rest of them she's always on my whole thing but that was the best one yet and before the first one i've done we had like 23 to 15 views last night was 210 and that was just because i had the right passion and the energy i was able to improvise in between improvise with the comments to make it work so there's no if you want a job done yeah they're right do it yourself yeah sometimes they're not okay especially when it's especially when it's a new business and a new baby you you have to i would suggest that you take that right that's what you are there to do to run your business run your baby look after it nurture it give it what it needs so that it can grow and thrive so this this is good stuff this is good stuff and i'm so glad that our paths have crossed i really do got another comment we've got a comment from pauline she said this lockdown is really going to help some of us realize our true potential draw upon the talents we have entrepreneurs are being born yeah a million um i was helping a friend um start a little business she's doing that 24-hour school uh boutique lesson um your brand it might have lost you yeah yeah so i said so draw a spider diagram literally go old school and and you'll find that everything you need to do in tick box exercise just just cross them all off bit by bit and it's worked she's got a logo she's got her um instagram page start small but yeah just make it happen just do it that's what i would think just do it absolutely feel the fear and do it anyway that is probably one of the important things that's the best part again the best just feel the video anyway listen it's almost like i want you to think about most of us here i'm saying i'm gonna say have children or i've been around children toddlers who can who are babies who cannot walk right they see everybody around them walking just like a lot of people who are going to listen to this are watching people do things in business they're what they're watching they're watching but what babies do is they watch and they learn so they know when they see that the people are up on their feet you don't have to put a child up on their foot you know for them to stop trying to stand up you hold them away they will try to start jumping on they're finding their feet i'm saying to you guys listening what are you doing to find your feet you're looking at people in business and you're watching but what are you doing to actually stand on your own feet for you to progress and take that step because you see what happens is the baby stands and once the baby stands it starts to shake and starts to move it needs to get balanced right and the same way we're looking when we're starting a business we need little things in place to get the balance of the business to actually understand what the business is then the baby's like it starts to rock because it's like it sees people taking a step but they're moving their feet it's gotta work out how do i move my feet in the same way so that i can step and you know babies they stand there and they they're kind of rocking but they know they're going to take a step the one step and they drop but what happens with that baby is that baby gets up again and what happens is sometimes when we are in business we take a step and we drop we fall right we don't get back up because we're too busy looking at other people but what i want to encourage you to do today is to stand and even though you're you're you might be scared your teeth might be knocking you know your knees are knocking everything you're scared your heart's palpitating your hands are sweating right you're scared to take that step forward in your business i'm going to say to you today i'm going to challenge you do it yeah right feeling that you're talking about i'm still going for it now but i'm telling you that's what's driving me butterflies that sweaty fun even coming on this live now [Music] all of it is part of my um motivation but i definitely go through that fear i'm still going through it and i'm i remember saying to you before i went on a radio show before and they couldn't see me on top and i didn't tell but i was grateful that i was i still actively did it i had the opportunity again i can do that over and over but what i'm saying is just don't let because you're scared that's when you want to go through we've got 15 minutes left of the show goes really quickly so i'm gonna add bring jen back in hello my darling thank you for coming back so we are all here can you hear me i know jen was having problems with her internet and it looks like it's freezing you might need to go onto your own data again i'll remove you for a little bit until you're there until you come back all right yeah she's disconnected she'll come back um okay so we're down to the last um 15 minutes sheena says um i've pushed myself by starting up my zoom and facebook page bring it to the table this took me out of my comfort zone yes and i am super proud i'm super proud of sheena she's walking to the table that sounds really interesting right bring it to the table is going to be coming on the show she doesn't know it yet she knows it now really interesting it is it's like it bring it to the table is like um red table talks it's uh i imagined that's what i imagined yeah yeah jenna's back let's see if we can get her back in okay maybe not maybe not she's there don't worry you're not alone it's everybody i would struggle to get into some yeah there we go we've got imagine [Music] hi oh god oh we can hear you we can hear you but you're freezing a little bit yes sheena you're saying oh gosh yeah i'm just leaving you to get a few more episodes under your belt love and then i will be bringing you on to share with what you're doing oh okay let's take all right okay right so when they come back up jenny's back let's have a look let's see if we can get her will be back hello yes you're back okay listen i said in the beginning we shall not be defeated with this internet we are gonna end this show right we will not be defeated at all so um karina's just gone off she's back on camera let's bring her back in there we go sorry hi joe hi how are you can you hear me yeah can you hear me yeah i wanted to come back and mention i've got got different so much different products or different hair concerns so they can like message me directly i did messaging my email address for you okay okay hold on let me do that yeah keep talking i'll i will get that into the thread shortly yeah i saw the email in the chat so i definitely wrote one liner with my details feel free to definitely come down once we are free from lockdown and get in contact with we can do a pop-up yeah i'm gonna put your your um here we go i'll put your thing up here there we go there we go there's jennifer's oh that's me there we go there we go there's your email address if you um karin if you want to put your email address in the uh private chat i can then load it up here so people can contact you direct perfect i will definitely superstar right there you go yeah do it now so guys i want to just say um where are we going here we go right so thank you you can see this has changed this whole look of my show has changed right so i'm able to do so much more now and how i'm streaming have you done that have you put it in there oh you're doing it now so i just want to remind you guys as we're coming down to the end of the show tomorrow night we have after dark thank you i've got another show after dark conversations after dark and this is the relationship show that we do yes come it's an open forum come bring friends if you know any single men bring them you know we do it live on we do it live we don't go via stream yards we go via zoom so we have a in-room chat we are talking and it it does pop off last week it popped off mate yeah it was a lot of fun it is it is so we do we have this so that's tomorrow um at 10 till midnight 10 till midnight guys so if you're listening 10 till midnight join me right here drama on my facebook page um conversations with yvonne michelle and we are going live um tomorrow hold on let me just get this so which one do you want do you want the into message you on instagram or your um um preferably instagram but i will take them i'm always on the um okay let me just because i can oh hold on okay let's do that so i'm literally doing this all by myself it's such a huge learning curve it really is all part of the look down covered listen i've learned so much about myself in this time it's crazy really and really true it really i think it was designed to do as well teach us something new about ourselves absolutely we're definitely learning absolutely i've learned so so much you know what i must admit that the energy that has come from we are as i'd like to say we are we are in the same storm but we're all on different boats so our journey so it's just now you need to prepare yourself for that stop update and that's what i've been saying to the ladies in my group you know right now i'm not concerned about what's going on i'm not concerned about any of that anymore i'm concerned about getting people ready for when the time for us to come out of this because it's gonna look completely different and i want us to be able to stand together and do something you know well guys you know where i'm at i'm um on instagram guess who shines 3 16 anything i can do for support we'll give one a shout usually we do them in brixton market house it's just because it's a nice central location for everybody but it's sort of a relaxing environment hopefully we can try and get back to it around july well before you do that when you do your major launch you're coming back on the show anyway so that people will know girl so this is how we do it this is how we do it guys i want to thank you for joining us tonight we've got five minutes before the end of the show jennifer do you want to come in and just say anything your your um website is your email address is on screen right now i don't think she can hear me because i think the delay would have kicked in okay and i'm just gonna pop yours on so we've got your guess who shines guess who we've got yeah jennifer's struggling the internet's going so guys we are nearly at the end of the show i want to thank you all for joining me today um i just want to make sure that you remember nine o'clock tomorrow morning morning inspiration with me right here live on facebook um i will be putting it onto instagram eventually um i'll try to run it at the same time we'll see what happens tomorrow so tomorrow 9 00 a.m uh morning inspiration tomorrow evening at 10 pm we have after dark conversations and we are talking relationships um there is no let's cook on thursday i run a cooking show as well on thursdays there is no let's cook um this thursday uh we will resume back again next week um what else is there that i'm doing there's loads of things going on around but guys if you listen to this message today if you've listened to the show and feel like you want to take your sales further you want to invest in yourself you want to invest in um network marketing or you want to have invest in your own business and you don't know quite where to start i'm going to leave my calendar my appointment calendar in the thread as well so if you do want to make an appointment i'm offering a free 20-minute consultation to help you to give you uh some steps as to what you do and um you get steps right if i just bring in corrine corrine had a session today i will um you know give my testimony guys and i don't know if one from anywhere let me just put that out there i i reached out to move on and i um told her about guess who and i actually called her to say you know come along and promote exactly what i'm doing with you guys however me anyone's relationship has to be a lot more than hell coming along and just is warming it's comfortable and it allows me to be confident to do what i've got to do and say what i want to say i'll definitely say if you can afford the time and the finance of the energy it's worth it it's definitely worth it one i thank you for this opportunity and thank you for your time and again your energy what you're doing is amazing thank you my darling thank you so much jennifer you got one minute because we've come to the end of the show can you hear me there's a bit of a delay oh jen we've come to the end of the show we've got one minute left and i just want to thank you um sheena's saying brilliant show ladies thank you so much guys if you um carol is saying yes yes amen yvonne is an inspiration thank you so much um lorraine for that if you need to have some assistance and you want to learn you want to grow in your business if even if you don't have a business and you have an idea if you want to take yourself further i will leave my details on the feed contact me and you'll get a free consultation but for now this is conversations with you for michelle this is your girl and you know we've come to the end of the show we will be here next week we will be here next week do join us between the hours of 8 and 10. remember tomorrow we've got conversations after dark so if you've got anybody that's single that wants to chat and want to meet people i will send you the link i will send you the you've got the link actually you've got the uh zoom link same link right so come in join us but for now i wish you well stay safe god bless you good night ciao ciao ciao | Yvonne Michele TV | UCckYZybuuU5lFglkvDFOt1g | 2020-05-11 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 16,659 | 83,597 |
-E5_BSLPMPY | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-E5_BSLPMPY | Finance Myths Debunked 💰#finance | dive into a realm where Finance myths are debunked myth one high income is a prerequisite for investment think again fractional shares and lowcost index funds welcome all myth 2 credit cards are the Nemesis not always used wisely they can boost credit scores and offer rewards myth three can retirement savings wait absolutely not the magic of compound interest urges an early start myth four is renting akin to throwing money away depends on market conditions and long-term goals myth budgeting is restrictive and boring explore inventive methods and tools making Finance Management engaging knowledge is power debunk the myths | The Flimsy Wallet | UCx4Rf0iWJeTp5jaOcplPgtw | 2024-03-22 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 101 | 628 |
M3yGafod8NI | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M3yGafod8NI | 1 John Sermon (Msg 1) | Loving, Firm Encouragement | 4/18/2021 | to you in the life of our church we study the bible and as we study the bible we have uh an outline and the outline is designed to help you be able to really keep up and notice that they're on the left margin of your outline what do you see on the piece of paper you see some holes that are there what does that indicate that means you could put it into a notebook that means you could hold on to this that means that you could go back to it in the way that we study the bible there is a resource here for you to as you go through the rest of your life to be able to look back and see the preached word of god to our lives and i want to encourage you with that to take good notes make other references here and hold on to these be able to go back over them this week as we study the word of god i want us to back up and look at just the plain picture that is on the screen back up one more slide there how many of you enjoy the mountains do you enjoy the mountains i love the mountains i grew up in south florida and here it's just flat as a board you know it's just the way it is and if it wasn't for the sea i would have a hard time i love the ocean and i love to see i love to be on it i love to be in it i love to be under it but every year as a kid growing up we would go to north carolina and there was something that was very refreshing about the mountains there was something very encouraging to my spirit and um as i have thought about this last year um you know about a year ago we were in the midst of running around looking for toilet paper and everything else these have been difficult days these have been strange times and i am so excited and thankful that god's word knows what we need and god's word in the book of of first john is an encouragement and just as i see a sunrise in the mountains and feel encouraged and just as i see the glory of god's goodness in a bright new day as i think about lamentations number three that his mercies are new every morning i don't know how many times i've been in the mountains and watched the sun rise in the mountains and just thought man his mercies are new to me every day and that's that's what i need because i am such a sinner um but god's grace is so good to us well i have prayed that first john would be like a mountain visit to you i have prayed that first john would encourage you i have prayed that first john would assure you or convict you and help you get right there's been times when i've gone off to retreat in the mountains whether it be in north carolina or where my in-laws live in the rockies and i'm there and god often straightens me out um sometimes i don't know some of the other guys at the staff might say well you need to go to the mountains and get straightened out pastor um but i i go up there and he he corrects me and he reforms me and renews me and i want to encourage you that this little letter at the end of your new testament can correct you it can warn you and it can renew you so this morning the title of the message is first john loving firm encouragement and i believe that you're going to find that loving firm encouragement this morning well it's very interesting as we begin our study of first john let me just kind of clarify for you that there is a difference in a purely a personal bible study or maybe even a corporate bible study and a bible study that is meant to be a time of preaching um there are some things that we will cover as we preach through this that a bible study would not cover and there are some times that we will not cover things that an in-depth bible study would cover that part of the issue of pulpit preaching is that we are listening together for the whole body of a passage of scripture as god leads us to hear the word of god preached if i was going to say everything that could be said about first john we would preach on it for 50 years there's far more in first job that could ever be truly explored and profoundly exclaimed but that's not what we'll do we'll go through this as we go through our other passages of scripture we have just finished micah a couple of months ago and now we run to this beautiful little letter of first john three key verses and i want you to make some notes here look in the box on the page that is here first john chapter 1 and verse 4 says and we are writing these things so that our joy may be complete very interesting he says we are writing these things so he's he's saying why is it that we write these things because our joy and we see the inclusive that he's saying we as believers we as those who are leading um the apostle john is writing we are writing this and notice the reason so that our joy all of us all of us our joy can be complete god wants us to be encouraged that's right at the beginning and then one chapter in look at first john chapter two and verse one let's read it out loud together let's read first john chapter two verse one out loud are you ready here we go my little children i am writing these things to you so that you may not sin but if anyone does sin we have an advocate with the father jesus christ the righteous so notice that in verse chapter 1 verse four he says that he's writing these things for our joy and then in chapter two verse one he's saying i'm writing these things to you that you may not sin right out there to decide holiness that holiness is important then look at number the third passage of scripture here first john chapter 5 and verse 13. i love this one i've sat down and shared this verse with many many people over the years as we've talked about the gospel look at what he says in first john 5 13 i write these things to you who believe in the name of the son of god read it out loud together that you may know that you have eternal life you see he's writing these things so that we can be encouraged and he's writing these things so that we can be right so that we can be right with god so that we can be holy in fact fill these out the three repeating themes of this is number one happiness we see this come up over and over again in first john that he desires that we would discover the happiness of knowing jesus but number two not only the happiness but also the holiness and we're going to see that those two things are actually connected that as we grow in holiness and that's what he says so that you may not sin so that you're not lost in false doctrine you're not lost in disobedience in holiness but also number three i love it security god doesn't want his people to be wondering if they're saved he doesn't want his people running around in fear doubting god wants you to know dear brother god wants you to know dear sister that you are his and that you are his forever that is his design our god is a good god you see an evil father may want his children to sometimes wonder if he is if he loves them an evil mother may sometimes withhold love and make a child wonder if if the child is loved by god god is never like that god the perfect parent understands that love covers a multitude of sins and that love is what the human heart has been designed for and so he has a heart of love that we would be secure in him so um those are so those are some key themes over the next few months as we study this that we're going to see i want us to also see a repeating three-part cascade and this is kind of like a waterfall that goes from one set of rocks down to another pool and then down to another pool and this happens over and over again in these little five chapters that are here the first one is the idea of right belief john is writing to the early churches and he is saying to them you must have sound doctrine you must believe the right things but not only have right belief but you also must have right behavior it's not just that you believe things that are spiritually made right but then do whatever you want in the flesh do whatever you want in this world no that's not the way that it works with god he wants us to believe the right things and he wants us to behave in the right way and then as we experience right belief and right behavior we discover real love that's when we begin to discover real love between us and god and god and us and us and others and others with us this is what it all results to and so as we read first john all the way through in a few moments we're going to read the whole little book in just a few moments as we read through this you're going to see this you're going to see the importance of right belief you're going to see the expression and the the um tremendous statements about who christ is and who god is and what he's done you're going to see admonitions toward right behavior you're going to see that and then you're going to see the call to real love the call to true love now let me just say that the world actually is desperate for these things they don't know it but all of their lashing out all of their striving all of their trying all of the extreme measures that you see all around the world with everybody doing their thing whatever that is whether it's their little rice burner car that's super loud running down sheridan street at 100 miles an hour and you know that's their thrill or whether it's their great big house or whether it's their photography or whether it's their sports or whatever whatever it may be maybe it's their vices maybe it's the the things that are that are the demons that keep calling them back to the things that are destroyed in their lives the world is dying for right belief right behavior in real love and why because that's what god created us for and so when we don't have his right belief his right behavior and his real love in our life we are chasing after something that will fill the void well um let's just recognize there's different types of literature in the bible in the genre of this little letter is that it's called a general epistle it's it called a general epistle what's an epistle except a letter you can fill both of those in it's really an open letter now why do we call it a general epistle well that's opposed to a specific one a specific one is is addressed to a certain church to a certain city when you look at the book of ephesians it's written to the church at ephesus when you look at the book of philippians it's written to the church at philippi when you look at romans it's written to the churches at rome but there are some of the letters that are written to everyone and so we see james is one of those letters we studied that a few years ago it's to the believers who are scattered abroad scattered outside of israel we we see other letters that are general well first john is one of those it is a general letter and notice underneath that it says there's no specific recipient so no one is named not an individual or a city there's no introduction so it it really there there's not a particular thing that gives the setting very much there's no greeting there's no greeting about it and there's no conclusion so it kind of doesn't even look like a letter but there's something that makes it a letter and it's the next thing here notice here it is most definitely a warm and loving tone it's a warm and loving tone it's a letter no doubt about it it was a letter that was meant to be distributed widely and it was a letter that was meant to encourage and correct the church notice it's not a treatise if there's something that's a treatise that's a strong statement that's a that's simply making some points that's not it here we see the heart of a pastor and so as we read as we study over these next few months as we dive into this little letter at the end of your new testament we're going to see the heart of a pastor and what pastor are we going to see well his name is john his name is john and he was one of the disciples he was one of the disciples who was called an apostle and you say okay well what's the difference a disciple is generally you can use the term a follower a follower we used to call disciples when i was campus crusade for christ he was a blt um you say a blt a bacon lettuce and tomato sandwich is that what you mean a blt well we said no a believer a learner and a teacher that's what a disciple is he he believes the truth he learns the truth but then he doesn't just believe it and learn it he becomes himself he becomes a what a teacher of the truth that's what a true disciple is because that's what jesus had led us to do but he is a he's a disciple what is an apostle we see here that an apostle is one who is sent out on a mission one who is sent out with a task to do look at luke chapter 6 verse 13. it says and when the day came and when day came jesus called his disciples and chose from them 12 whom he named what apostles so you see both of those words there and then so circle the word disciples circle the word apostles and then look at verse 14 simon whom he named peter and andrew his brother so there's two brothers peter and andrew and then james and john it's interesting that we always hear james and john mention and philip in bartholomew and then the list goes on but here we see that jesus called them apostles so this john who's writing this letter was commissioned by jesus we're going to get more out of this letter if we know john a little bit better let's remember a few things here the first point is this is that john is one of the sons of zebedee james and john as we just mentioned they were also known as the sons of thunder now we don't really know why they were called the sons of thunder were they big and you know did they have a deep voice maybe they were known as the deep voice or were they kind of rambunctious you know were they often bumping into each other and fighting a little bit we know that disciples were colorful characters there's no doubt about it we we don't we're not we're not sure exactly why they were called the sons of thunder with that that leaves a little bit to the imagination but we see that jesus noticed this excuse me that john was in jesus's inner circle he was in jesus inner circle and let's just say these three names together that are right there after that are you ready peter james and john can we say that again peter james and john one more time peter james and john as you read the gospels you will see that jesus was was always around peter james and john or they were always around jesus this was the inner crowd some of the disciples might go off and do other tasks and do other things but peter and james and john were always listed as being right there in fact notice this it was john who was closest to christ at the last passover supper there at the last supper it was john who was said to be leaning against christ's breast leading against his chest just right there next to him on the table you know they they didn't have chairs they would have been laying around on the floor around the table that's how you typically eat in the middle east on pillows or on blankets and it's a very laid back setting and so everybody has to kind of be leaning on somebody if it's not a very huge room and so john as always was just next to jesus notice this as well john was the youngest of the disciples in the apostles so he was he was the youngest he he was the most youthful at the beginning but it's interesting as his as time would go on he became the oldest of them you say what do you mean well they begin to die off as time goes on we see that john very apparently lived a long time and so as as the church expanded as they went and preached the gospel around the world the mediterranean world persecution rose up and as persecution rose up the apostles were martyred they were put to death and eventually john was the only one that was not put to death notice here with me in in that way when we come to reading these look at this john writes five new testament books so he was very young but he goes on to write the gospel of john which is called the fourth gospel and he writes first john which we're studying now and then a little tiny letter after that second john and then an even smaller letter after that called third john and then what about the biggie revelation so we see that that john was was very very close to christ and young early on but as the decades would go on he grows to be a tremendously influential figure in the early church now it's interesting if you look at the gospel of john and we studied it for almost three years um several years ago six years ago we finished it but we studied the gospel john i think 113 sermons um from the gospel of john we we we looked at this and we said that john's gospel was all about being evangelistic that's what john's gospel was you can just put that in the parentheses under there john was writing so people would believe he's presenting the signs he's presenting the teachings of jesus and over and over and over again we hear john saying i'm writing this so that you may believe i'm writing this so that you may receive the gospel but then when we come to first john we see that it's not evangelistic it's encouraging that's what this is about it's encouraging god's people to hold on to the truth and to let go of the world very very strong firm loving encouragement now one of the things that i love about john's writing is this and it's the third to the last there on the bottom notice what it says john writes very artistically circle the word artistically he does that he writes artistically weaving words and themes and structures with beauty and precision now if you if you were gonna say uh you know if one of the gospels reads like a an a manual for your washing machine it would probably be the gospel of mark the gospel of mark is just direct this happened then this happened then this happened he said this and this happened well the gospel john is not like that at all it's on the opposite end of the spectrum in the beginning he says in the beginning was the word and the word it was with god the word was god he wasn't he he goes artistically flowing through the story of the gospel the story of christ's life and he is using imagery of light and darkness righteousness and evil he's using imagery all the way through his gospel the gospel of john he's using imagery woven beautifully and structured in a very particular way now we also see in first john he does something similar he's using certain words and he's using certain expressions and then one of the biggest things we're going to see is the structure of it is a repeating structure so that he graciously as a pastor knows that people need to hear things and they need to hear it a couple of different ways multiple times in order for them to get it and we'll see that that's how he has structured this so notice this as well john lives he leads he pastors for 30 years more 30 30 more years after paul is beheaded in 65 a.d so paul is beheaded right around 65 a.d under persecution and so john is still leading for many years you know we often trace the book of acts we see the ministries of peter and paul we we see much of the unfolding of the new church exploding across the mediterranean world and it's a very beautiful thing to see but here we see that peter goes all the way into a realm that people usually don't hear very much about and it's coming up on the great persecution that is going to hit the church and he is a key leader as those difficulties come notice the next thing the last one there on the page is john's latter years are lived in ephesus now that's a city in turkey and on patmos that's an island off of turkey and i want you to kind of notice the screen in front of you it'd be hard to do a biblical backgrounds message getting the right picture if we didn't have this just kind of notice north africa is there at the bottom to the right of your screen you're going to see the middle east i didn't mark it but you see the nile delta there that green thing that's going up toward um the uh the mediterranean sea and there is jerusalem on that far right side but then there's turkey up on the north end of the mediterranean and there in turkey about to the left end of turkey against that sea is the city of ephesus and it was a glorious city with a glorious past in fact notice this next one one of the seven wonders of the ancient world was in ephesus this is an artist rendering of the temple of artemis that was there the temple of artemis was massive it was a hundred and eighty feet wide and almost 400 feet long it was a glorious display of marble and gold and ivory all kinds of imagery that was there that was built by the greeks 560 it was begun that would be destroyed at different points and then rebuilt and then here's an artist's rendition of during the roman era show the next slide there you go you see a very packed city and it was a port city there were ships that would come to ephesus there was a library at ephesus that was a glorious the facade of the library is still there today if you go to ephesus you can see that um and see the the glorious picture of what used to be in fact they still hold concerts in events that are there it's a it's a beautiful place but the ruins are rather extraordinary the ruins are are beautiful and you can learn a lot from that in fact this um amphitheater that is there would hold over 50 000 people in that ample theater now the apostle peter would be preaching um in this city at different times the apostle paul would actually create a riot at that at that very amphitheater they were drugged down there in the midst of resistance to the gospel when so many people came to faith there but in in john's day and here's another artist rendering of what it would have likely looked like they're from the amphitheater or from the theater looking out across the city it was a glorious influential roman roman city ephesus was quite the place to be and it certainly would be the place that one of the most influential leaders of the church in his old age would hail from and it would be that john would stay there until eventually under persecution he would be sent out to the island of patmos so let's go to the setting that is here and this will help us as we understand better the reason that we study these things is so that you can understand the actual text that we read very quickly i want you to notice a few things the date of the writing is approximately 91-93 a.d that's why we would say that john is quite a bit older at this point the place of the writing is either ephesus or patmos some have argued that he actually wrote it when he was in exile on the island of patmos that is possible but likely perhaps ephesus while he was there the third one is the apostle john is quite old he's in his mid-80s now some of you would say well wait a minute i'm in my mid-80s and i don't feel quite old why would you call it that well the life expectancy of the roman empire i guarantee you was that most were long gone by the time that they got to their mid 80s so john would have been considered an exceedingly old man now in god's wisdom and in his grace he didn't have all the disciples the same age when they were with jesus john was perhaps the youngest knowing god knows what is going to happen over the next decades that these others are going to get older these others are going to become bolder these others are going to be persecuted some of their lives are going to be snuffed out and john is going to live longer for an important stage in the life of the church as the apostles the eyewitnesses are going away and now the church is going on with the writings that they leave behind so the apostle john is quite old and highly respected and one of the reasons he would have been highly respected is because as we said earlier he was an eye witness and he was an eyewitness of the inner circle so people could say as as doubts were coming up or as arguments were coming up john could be looked to as an authority on the matters because they would say wait a minute there's a guy that's still alive he was with jesus he heard it with his own ears and he saw it with his own eyes god would use that as we see at this critical moment in the life of the church notice the next thing the true gospel had flourished in asia minor right above asia minor turkey that's turkey asia minor the true gospel had flourished but so had fill it in false teachers you know satan always has a counter argument for god's word we see that in genesis chapter 3 when god says don't eat of the tree of this in the garden and satan shows up we talked about it in starting point and what did we say satan shows up and says did god really say really did he really not only does he ask did god really say but then he even deposits things that god didn't say he takes it and he twists it and he turns it and he lies and so whenever the gospel whenever the word of god goes out in a fallen world there is in this present era there is a counter-argument that seeks to rise up and we see this and but but christ said upon this rock the rock of who he is the truth of who he is i will build my church and the gates of hell will not prevail against it we see that false teachers will rise up but they will not prevail but nevertheless we see that false teachers brought false doctrines fill that in false teachers brought false doctrines now this next statement is really important like so often second and third generation christians were struggling to believe the right things and live the right way what do i mean by that when someone may be alone or with their wife and we've we've heard of a testimony of a husband and a wife coming to faith in jesus and there's when i look out across this room i see that many of you have come to faith some of you are alone in your faith your your husband or your wife has not come to faith but but when we see people come to faith in christ and their family was we're not christians or or something like that in different different scenarios very often their faith may be strong they've been saved out of the world they've been saved out of the hardships they've been they've discovered the truth by god's grace and they were radically changed and they're strong they come to grow and know but very often the children of those who have grown up in a children in a christian home very often there's a struggle there's a struggle for them to continue in the faith and sometimes even to the next generation the grandchildren of the original believers sometimes take much for granted and fall away this is this is a common refrain throughout history this is a common threat refrain in the old testament that there would be a great man of god but his sons would not walk in his path it's a common refrain in the new testament and it's a common refrain throughout christian history and maybe it's even a common refrain right here in our church that sometimes a man or a man and a woman or a woman will walk closely steadfastly with the lord but yet their children will falter or greatly struggle my friends that is a reality for us to look at into to recognize that here we see that this wave of christianity had gone out in the first century many many people had become followers of jesus and were genuinely changed and we saw that whole cities were thrown into an uproar because so many people were no longer buying the gods and and offering the sacrifices and doing the other things because they had found jesus but then a couple of three decades four decades later perhaps their children are hearing the false teachers and the false doctrines and some are beginning to falter we see that happening in first john we see that happening in the setting like so often generation second and third generation christians are struggling to circle it believe the right things and to circle it live the right way well what were they what were they struggling to believe they had doctrinal problems this is the first one believing the right things they were they were actually believing the wrong things there were false teachers influenced by secular philosophies from greek and roman culture were infiltrating many churches so these teachers that were pretty gifted silver-tongued folks would come into a church and they'd say wow here's an audience and they say yes it's jesus but also have you heard this jesus wasn't really that jesus was this i mean they would come in they would have an audience and that's that's what satan does he weaves those people into god's people every chance he gets a ch every time he has a chance notice this wrong beliefs about the nature of god had crept in and we see john deal with this as we read it we'll see that wrong beliefs about the person and work of christ who was jesus really the person of christ what did he really do how important was his life and death we see that these false teachers were altering the truths of what had been taught about who jesus really was so what were they what were they maligning about christ they were denying jesus was the messiah or the christ messiah and christ mean basically the same thing the anointed one the messiah the one who would take away the sin of the world so they're denying that jesus was the messiah they're denying jesus was really the son of god and they're denying that jesus had really come in the flesh they would say oh well you know there's this is this is what we call incipient gnosticism the idea of knowledge is is is such a a grand issue and there's a great dichotomy between the body and the spirit anything that has to do with the flesh is evil anything that has to do with the spirit is righteous and we see the apostle john is having to show that no jesus really was god in the flesh and he really did go all the way to the cross for our sins there were teachers coming and saying well he was god when the holy spirit came upon him at baptism and then just before he went to the cross the spirit of god left that person that you called jesus and jesus the son of god did not really die on the cross it was really just because god would never submit himself to that god would never take on the sins of the world for that he would not do that well all of those things are straight from the pit of hell denying the person and work of christ and in this day and time we see others that will often come whether it's the jesus seminar or various jesus movements various doctrines coming along and denying who jesus christ really is this is classical liberalism and this is many other aspects of theological philosophical beliefs that are often taught not only in universities and colleges but also in seminaries that deny who jesus truly is based upon the scripture notice this the last one denying jesus's death was necessary for the forgiveness of sins we're going to see that john deals with that john says oh no he really did have to die and he did die so that you can be free from your sins so john is cleaning up doctrinal errors um that are there and he is rebuking them another thing that we see here is he's talking about obedience problems this is not just believing the wrong things but living the wrong way you see false teachers had brought division and quarreling and then they left leaving many disturbed and so john basically comes along and he calls them right out there to the side the antichrists the antichrists that's what the false teachers that's how john is referring to them and not just the false teachers but also those who would follow him these are the people who are teaching the wrong things about jesus they're anti-christ they're anti-messiah and so we're gonna see that he's correcting that folks we need this because our world is confused about who jesus is this is this this letter is part of the doctrine of scripture that helps us understand who jesus is and what he did for us in such an encouraging way what we also see their obedience problems was there was a lot of hatred and a lack of love was in the hearts of some we see that the apostle john is calling that out and he's he you're gonna see the conversations about do you love your brother do you hate your brother what is happening there what about the next one some made sin their practice their way of life they were living in sin and listen to this this had to do with that philosophy that was coming into the church the idea was well whatever you do in the flesh you have that sinful but as long as your spirit is right that's what god is interested in that's that's incipient gnosticism was saying well you know the flesh is gonna send so you just go with that that's okay you can indulge in the things of the world you can you can just indulge your anger you can indulge your lust you can indulge those things and but really that the spirit is what matters that he is saying to them what you're living like the world no you've been saved out of the world you've been saved out of living in sin to live under righteousness for god so he he's seen this as an obedience problem look at the next one there many loved the things of the world instead of the things of god and the apostle john calls that out oh dear brothers and sisters do we not have that struggle today am i not tempted to love the stuff that this world has to offer instead of loving god in the things that are eternal i mean get out your checkbook go look at your bank statement go look at your credit card statement just see you know where do we spend our money jesus said where your treasurer is there will your heart be also what do you do with your money i'm not saying it's wrong to have something that's nice but friends the the picture is this do do we live chasing after the things of the world if we're really honest before god and that's you know this is between you and god but is your heart more in love with the things that are eternal or is your heart more in love with the things that are passing away the apostle john nails that one right between the eyes we're going to see that the approach of john how does he do this fill this in notice how how does he approach these doctrinal problems these obedience problems and the encouragement we need he is both pastoral so he's acting like a pastor he he's pastoral and he's political he's political some of you say what in the world is polemical polemical is when your dad is upset about something and gathers the whole family together and says okay everybody if you're not going to replace the toilet paper on the toilet roll you're in trouble here's how my dad used to gather us all together and say we're a family we have to serve one another if you're the last one using the toilet paper yeah he would call the whole crew together and then he would talk about the fact that i mean on the simplest thing and he would he was an engineer so he would go into great detail he would say what you do is you go to the plastic cellophane wrapper you tear it open after you tear it open you take out a roll you have to start the roll a little bit you get it going and then you go to the little dowel rod inside the holder you put depress one side of it pull it out and then insert the roller to that and then you carefully put it back and let it spring into place after that you just let it come down and so you know he would he would say do not do this is dishonoring to the rest of the family so now you say good night he would get he was being funny as he did that but he was teaching us about that when when you're going at something hard when you're attacking a wrong idea when you're correcting something and you do it with strength that is being political in talking about that so it's a strong critical rejection or denunciation of false doctrine or something that is wrong so john is both pastoral and gentle we'll see his warm loving language but he also is corrective very quickly john calls us back to base the basics of christianity the basics of christianity he call john gently lovingly and pastorally encourages us in the true and secure gospel this is what he does he encourages us in the true and secure gospel john firmly and authoritatively fill it in refutes the false beliefs with crystal clarity so you're you're doubting the nature of god you're doubting the person of jesus let me tell you who he is and what he has done he's counteracting their documents john lays out with stark circle those words stark contrasts he is very very black and white stark contrast between darkness and light truth and lies hate and love children of god in what children of the devil john exposes the reality that the way we live reveals whether we are truly born again that's what he's going to show us um and he does so in some troubling ways that are very important for us john patiently repeats the same basic truths in four ever deepening or widening spirals many have said if you were to try to outline it's a difficult book to outline because he goes through it once and he goes through it again in a different way and then he says it in a deeper way again and then he does it again so there's four spirals to it why would a teacher do that because a teacher knows that very often repetition and depth and a new perspective is what gets to the mind and the heart so john is being very pastoral he wants him to get it he doesn't just say it once and says well hope you got it he wants when his letter is read to a congregation when they gather together and they say hey we got a letter from john we're gathering to read it thursday night everybody gathers so they get the letter they unscroll it they they get it out and when they begin reading it he wants them to get the message so he says it to them four different times four different ways so that it is clear this is very pastoral well i want us to do something this morning i want us to um think about some questions and then very quickly we're going to read and these these questions we're not going to meditate on them now but i believe that this will be very important for you this afternoon and this week and i hope that you will do this questions for application meditation or discussion number one how does the situation in 2021 a.d that's your life reflect the setting of 93 a.d go back and see what i've said about the things that are being doubted go back and see what i've said about the things that are being confused and maligned go back and see what i've said about our behavior and answer these questions what what things fill it in what things do society suggest to us to believe about jesus you see our society has some images of jesus the question is are they the biblical image of jesus i think that they're not how does society second question how does society seek to influence our behavior in opposition to the way of christ i mean how does our society say you ought to live in your sexuality how does it say that you ought to live in your in your material world how does it say that you ought to live in your attitudes and your actions and your perspective on life and your view of self and your view of others how does society say that the apostle john deals with that and then number two how does first john encourage you and how does it rebuke you and i hope and pray that you will spend enough time over these next weeks that we can do that now we're going to read the letter of first john do you have your bible open we're going to read it notice this go ahead and come if you would todd family i have asked the todd family to help us and um if you if you don't have an esv version of the bible um i want to say to you you're going to kind of wish you did just because it's so much easier to follow along when we're in the same version of the bible i want to encourage you to make sure that you're in the right place make sure that you're not at the gospel of john but you're at the little letter that says first john if you don't know where that is no problem just go to the book of revelation and then turn back to the left a little bit and you'll find first second and third john and something funny happened this week when i when i decided you know we need to read this you know when we studied the book of philippians we read the book of philippians when we studied jude we read the book of jude when we studied titus we read the book of titus and so we're going to study first john we're going to read first john i called up mike todd and i said hey do you think that you could help me in reading i i don't want to read all of it myself and he said funny you ask would you tell us what happened with that why was that funny to you it's funny because uh for some peculiar reasons when we first visited sheridan hills baptist church we were looking for a new church home and i had made up my mind not to like it so i had just decided wasn't gonna wasn't gonna like anything that i saw had my mind set against it and one of the things that happened the very very first week that we were here is we had five guys get up and read the book of james and that was one of those things that just kind of crumbled some of my bad attitude and opposition and and my obstacle that i had in my own heart because that was one of those things that just in no uncertain terms said this is a church that values the word of god in first timothy god's word says give attention to the public reading of scripture and so we want to do that and we're going to read we're going to read quickly and and i want you to see this this will be the scripture washing over us let me pray before i begin father we do now turn to reading the words of john lord your words through john lord we pray now that you would speak to us we pray that you would help us to see things help us to understand this beautiful ancient letter and father i pray that over these next months that this letter would be used by your holy spirit to transform us more and more into the image of christ i pray that some would be saved from their sins because of this letter and i pray that others would be moved on in greater maturity because of this letter in jesus name we ask for you to bless the reading of your word john first john chapter 1 and verse 1. i love this so beautiful so poetic and that's the only statement i'm going to make i could do that all the way through i'm not going to do it but notice first john 1 verse 1. that which was from the beginning which we have heard which we have seen with our eyes which we looked upon and held and have touched with our hands concerning the word of life the life was made manifest and we have seen it remember he was an eyewitness and testified to it and proclaimed to you the eternal life which was with the father and was made manifest to us that which we have seen and heard we proclaim to you so that you too may have fellowship with us and indeed our fellowship is with the father and with his son jesus christ and we are writing these things so that our joy may be complete this is the message verse five this is the message that we have heard from him and proclaim to you that god is light and in him is no darkness at all if we say that we have fellowship with him while we walk in darkness we lie and do not practice the truth but if we walk in the light as he is in the light we have fellowship with one another in the blood of jesus his son cleanses us from all sin if we say we have no sin we deceive ourselves and the truth is not in us if we confess our sins he is faithful and just to forgive us our sins and to cleanse us from all unrighteousness if we say that we have not sinned we make him a liar and his word is not in us chapter 2 my little children i am writing these things to you so that you may not sin but if anyone does sin we have an advocate with the father jesus christ the righteous he is the propitiation for our sins and not for ours only but also for the sins of the whole world and by this we know that we have come to know him if we keep his commandments whoever says i know him but does not keep his commandments is a liar and the truth is not in him but whoever keeps his word in him truly the love of god is perfected by this we may know that we are in him whoever says he abides in him ought to walk in the same way in which he walked verse 7 beloved i'm writing to you no new commandment but an old commandment that you had from the beginning the old commandment is the word that you have heard at the same time it is a new commandment that i am writing to you which is true in him and in you because of the because the darkness is passing away and the true light is already shining whoever says he is in the light and hates his brother is still in darkness whoever loves his brother abides in the light and in him there is no cause for stumbling but whoever hates his brother is in the darkness and walks in the darkness and does not know where he is going because the darkness has blinded his eyes i am writing to you little children because your sins are forgiven for his name's sake i'm writing to you fathers because you know him who is from the beginning i am writing to you young men because you have overcome the evil one i write to you children because you know the father i write to you fathers because you know him who is from the beginning i write to you young men because you are strong and the word of god abides in you and you have overcome the evil one verse 15. do not love the world or the things in the world if anyone loves the world the love of the father is not in him for all that is in the world the desires of the flesh and the desires of the eyes and pride of life is not from the father but it's from the world and the world is passing away along with its desires but whoever does the will of god abides forever children it is the last hour and as you have heard that antichrist is coming so now many antichrists have come therefore we know that it is the last hour they went out from us but they were not of us for if they had been of us they would have continued with us but they went out that it might be complained that they are all not of us but you have been anointed by the holiness the holy one and you have all knowledge i write to you not because you do not know the truth but because you know it and because no lie is of the truth who is the liar but he who denies that jesus is the christ this is the antichrist he who denies the father and the son no one who denies the son has the father whoever confesses the son has the father also let what you heard from the beginning abide in you if what you heard from the beginning abides in you then you too will abide in the son and in the father and this is the promise that he made to us eternal life verse 26 i write these things to you about those who are trying to deceive you but the anointing that you receive from him abides in you and you have no need that anyone should teach you but as his anointing teaches you about everything and is true and is no lie just as it has taught you abide in him and now little children abide in him so that when he appears we may have confidence and not shrink back from him in shame at his coming if you know that he is righteous you may be sure that everyone who practices righteousness has been born of him okay hold on right there mark are you guys seeing the different doctrinal issues the nature of god god is light the nature of jesus that he was the christ are you seeing that he's talking about not practicing sin not hating one another these are all of those wrong doctrines wrong behaviors that were infiltrating the church go ahead mark chapter 3 see what kind of love the father has given to us that we should be called children of god and so we are the reason why the world does not know us is that it did not know him beloved we are god's children now and what we will be has not yet appeared but we know that when he appears we shall be like him because we shall see him as he is and everyone who thus hopes in him purifies himself as he is pure verse 4 everyone who makes a practice of sinning also practices lawlessness sin is lawlessness you know that he you know that he appeared in order to take away sins and in him there is no sin no one who abides in him keeps on sinning no one who keeps on sinning has either seen him or known him little children do not let let no one deceive you whoever practices righteousness is righteous as he is righteous whoever makes a practice of sinning is of the devil for the devil has been sinning from the beginning the reason the son of god appeared was to destroy the works of the devil no one born of god makes a practice of sinning for god's seed abides in him and he cannot keep on sinning because he has been born of god by this it is evident who are the children of god and who are the children of the devil whoever does not practice righteousness is not of god nor is the one who does not love his brother verse 11 for this is the message that you have heard from the beginning that we should love one another we should not be like cain who was the evil one and murdered his brother and why did he murder him because his own deeds were evil and his brothers righteous do not be surprised brothers that the world hates you we know that we have passed out of death into life because we love the brothers whoever does not love abides in death everyone who hates his brother is a murderer and you know that no murderer has eternal life abiding in him verse 16. by this we know love that he laid down his life for us and we ought to lay down our lives for the brothers but if anyone has the world's goods and sees his brother in need yet closes his heart against him how does god's love abide in him little children let us not love in word or talk but indeed and in truth verse 19 by this we shall know that we are of the truth and reassure our heart before him for whenever our heart condemns us god is greater than our heart and he knows everything beloved if our heart does not condemn us we have confidence before god and whatever we ask we receive from him because we keep his commandments and do what pleases him and this is the commandment that we believe in the name of his son jesus christ and love one another just as he has commanded us whoever keeps his commandments abides in god and god in him and by this we know that he abides in us by the spirit whom he has given us chapter four beloved do not believe every spirit but test the spirits to see whether they are from god for many false prophets have gone out into the world by this you know the spirit of god every spirit that confesses that jesus christ has come in the flesh is from god and every spirit that does not confess jesus is not from god this is the spirit of the antichrist which you heard was coming and now is in the world already little children you are from god and have overcome them for he who is in you is greater than he who is in the world they are from the world therefore they speak from the world and the world listens to them we are from god whoever knows god listens to us whoever is not from god does not listen to us by this we know the spirit of truth and the spirit of error verse 7 beloved let us love one another for love is from god and whoever loves has been born of god and knows god anyone who does not love does not know god because god is love in this the love of god was made manifest among us that god sent his only son into the world so that we might live through him and this is love not that we have loved god but that he loved us and sent his son to be the propitiation for our sins beloved if god so loved us we also ought to love one another no one has ever seen god if we love one another god abides in us and his love is perfected in us verse 13. by this we know that we abide in him and he and us because he has given us of his spirit and we have seen and testify that the father has sent his son to be the savior of the world whoever confesses that jesus is the son of god god abides in him and he in god so we have come to know and to believe the love that god has for us god is love and whoever abides in love abides in god and god abides in him by this is love perfected with us so that we may have confidence for the day of judgment because as he is so also are we in this world there is no fear in love but perfect love casts out fear for fear has to do with punishment and whoever fears has not been perfected in love we love because he first loved us if anyone says i love god and hates his brother he is a liar for he who does not love his brother whom he has seen cannot love god whom he has not seen and this commandment we have from him whoever loves god must also love his brother finally in chapter 5 everyone who believes that jesus is the christ has been born of god and everyone who loves the father loves whoever has been born of him by this we know that we love the children of god when we love god and obey his commandments for this is the love of god that we keep his commandments and his commandments are not burdensome for everyone who has been born of god overcomes the world and this is the victory that has overcome the world our faith who is it that overcomes the world except the one who believes that jesus is the son of god this is he who came by water and blood jesus christ not by the water only but by the water and the blood and the spirit is the one who testifies because the spirit is the truth for there are three that testify the spirit and the water and the blood and these three agree if we receive the testimony of men the testimony of god is greater for this is the testimony of god that he has born concerning his son whoever believes in the son of god has the testimony in him whoever does not believe god has made him a liar because he has not believed in the testimony that god has born concerning his son and this is the testimony that god gave his eternal life that god gave us eternal life and this life is in his son whoever has the son has life whoever does not have the son does not have life verse 13. i write these things you who believe in the name of the son of god that you may know that you have eternal life and this is the confidence that we have toward him that if we ask anything to according to his will he hears us and if we know that he hears us in whatever we ask we know that we have the request that that we have asked of him verse 16 if anyone sees his brother committing a sin not leading to death he shall ask and god will give him life to those who commit sins that do not lead to death this there is sin that leads to death i do not say that one should pray for that all wrongdoing is sin but there is sin that does not lead to death we're going to discover what he's talking about there as we study that we know that everyone who has been born of god does not keep on sinning but he who was born of god protects him and the evil one does not touch him verse 19. we know that we are from god and the whole world lies in the power of the devil the power of the evil one verse 20 and we know that the son of god has come and has given us understanding so that we may know him who is true and we are in him who is true in his son jesus christ he is the true god in eternal life little children keep yourselves from idols | Sheridan Hills Baptist Church | UC5Lr2wWtBeA8VSwpsZIbA_w | 2021-04-18 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 10,935 | 55,282 |
iYIELFbAir8 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iYIELFbAir8 | Apologetics with Gentleness and Respect | all right well let's um before we get started Let's uh have a word of Prayer our gracious Heavenly Father we thank you for your your grace and mercy toward us we thank you for sending your son Jesus to die for our sins and that he is conquered death and Hell risen and ascended and sits at your right hand ruling and reigning in glory we look forward to the day where you make all things new and ask that you would help us to live with that hope that is in us being evident to those who do not know you and help us to be good ambassadors for you we pray that you give us wisdom and um that you would have your Holy Spirit be upon us as we study how to defend the hope that is within us we pray that you would um help us to remember what's profitable and forget what's not uh we thank you for your grace and mercy toward us in Jesus name the holy spirit amen amen amen so uh I'm going to today work through one of the questions kind of piggybacking off of what John Hagan had asked a few weeks ago what do you do with kind of your normal everyday person and uh this is going to reflect some of my experiences kind of Confessions of a young calvinist obnoxious apologist and to try to kind of talk through some of the things that we need to keep in mind as we um we're giving yourselves a sharp tool and we want to to know the appropriate time and manner in which to use it so I'm going to start by reading in its entirety kind of the flagship Christian verse about apologetics this is second Peter or sorry First Peter chapter 3 verses 15. actually I'll continue on to 17. start at the end I'll just read where it makes sense have no fear of them nor be troubled but in your hearts regard Christ the Lord Is Holy always being prepared to make a defense to anyone who asks you for a reason for the hope that is that is in you yet do it with gentleness and respect having a good conscience so that when you are slandered those who revile your good behavior in Christ may be put to shame for it is better to suffer for doing good if that should be God's will then for doing evil so uh a lot of times the tendency especially once you kind of cling on to the the intellectual side of apologetics is to really emphasize the give a defense for the hope that is in you and to neglect the but do it with gentleness and respect side of things so uh today I'm going to kind of talk about um how we do that and feel free to ask questions as we go along but I'm going to kind of emphasize what do you do now that you've got this sharp tool how do you use it responsibly so uh the I think a good analogy for this is remember give a defense for the hope that is within you so you don't go around um looking for uh people to smack down you you um that that that's not going like you have your reward if you go about uh defending the gospel in that way you don't treat your normal neighbor like a celebrity atheist in terms of how you interact um I I like the analogy of um a handgun so you can use a gun for uh defense you're not going to go around like Yosemite Sam shooting up the joint uh being the root in this tootinist uh person in how you do that but it is valuable to train in how to use that tool as a defensive weapon hoping that you'll never have to use it in real life and I think apologetics is kind of along the lines of that analogy um any questions so far so uh what we want to do then is when you're dealing with kind of your neighbor on the street sort of thing you don't want to like go up the the uh the joke or meme where like you've got like the row of urinals and then the person like Saddles up right next to the uh the the the one person using the urinal and you don't want to be like can your worldview account for the preconditions of philosophical intelligibility like that's not what you lead with um but the the purpose of apologetics is when you've got say a presumed intellectual objection to the hope that is within you or somebody is attacking the hope that is within you that's when you can um use the techniques um and focus on kind of using that tool for defense rather than offense so the does anybody have like a scenario they want to talk through where kind of a hypothetical conversation you may have had or a real conversation you may have had keeping the um the people Anonymous where like you weren't exactly how sure how to move forward all right so uh without that then the the thing I would stress is your actions speak louder than words so just in your in your real life when you're encountering people in the day-to-day how you act and as an ambassador for Jesus Christ is going to be the primary indicator of how successful from a sense that you can actually observe it we don't know the the secrets of the things that haven't been revealed by God but um we do know that you've been told we've been told do not repay evil with evil but overcome evil with good um when your enemy is thirsty give them something to drink when he's hungry give them something to eat those things are always the priority in terms of how we interact with those who do not have hope we need to have kind of some empathy and compassion for them kind of following what Jesus did so when Jesus in his ministry when he encountered the prostitutes and the tax collectors and the the people who were kind of down and out in Society he didn't go and hit them with both barrels I mean he would kind of Chow take them where they are and kind of call them out on their need to repent but the contrast that with how Jesus interacted with the scribes and the Pharisees so if somebody's really really prideful and arrogant and blasphemous in terms of how they're interacting with the gospel and they're attacking you attacking um attacking Jesus that is where you would kind of use some of these techniques if they're they're trying to kind of be the Great Value Bertrand Russell this is when you can use these these techniques we want to be sure that we've got this hope uh that we are confident in our ability to defend this hope within us uh and this is a a valuable place to train but it's not it's kind of a last resort weapon rather than your first choice in terms of how you interact with people in your your day-to-day life any questions or comments and I I it's not obviously none of scripture is a coincidence but it's it's not a coincidence that um having a good conscience that when you were slandered those who are vile your good behavior in Christ may be put to shame for it is better for suffer to suffer for doing good than it should be if it should be God's will then for doing evil so the in reality you may wind up suffering and coming under attack for trying to be Jesus to somebody to to be the ambassador to that person uh there on you come to their aid and uh the or maybe it's the third party that gets upset by it the that there are kind of the prodigal son's older brother uh characters in this world who you see somebody having compassion on somebody that they don't like and that's when the uh the knives come out so to speak and it's it's those those situations where you're encountering a presumed intellectual objection to the gospel where you can go and um kind of counter-attack to um let the kind of defend the gospel and the Integrity of um of the Christian worldview um and it's often that and I don't know to what extent Brian when he comes back to Bertrand Russell and his wife not a Christian um essay the the problem with Bertrand Russell is that he's not doing a good enough job he's a lazy atheist if you take his ideas and kind of Advance them to their logical conclusion then like you can't even account for identity over time you can't talk because that requires presuppositions about the words that you're saying and all of that so we can be confident that the the that we have a reason for the hope that is within us we have um the revealed world of God we have a great cloud of witnesses throughout the history of the church who have preserved the word of God and we can answer those objections but we always want to um to dial things back and make sure that we're doing it with gentleness and respect am I doing it on time 10 50. so I think and I guess I'll just open it up to general questions um to the substitute teacher and uh if we don't have any we can close in prayer and um prepare for normal Sunday worship all right well let's pray and we can uh close things out a bit early today our most gracious Heavenly Father we thank you for sending Jesus to us we thank you for the the body of Christ that we have to um that we are one in Christ in yet um each have our own uh gifts and um an ability to bless one another we ask that you would give us wisdom and compassion toward those that do not know you help us to be faithful ambassadors out in the world as after the benediction this week and every week that we would um bring your love and your grace out to the world in a way that um draws people to us people to you and causes them to um ask questions uh genuine questions about the hope that it's within us we pray that you would give us gentleness and respect in how we interact with those who don't know you and also with those who do know you and may disagree in terms of methods or techniques we pray that you would um work your redemption in this world in a way that the Gates of Hell will not withstand it we ask this in faith in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ through the power of the Holy Spirit one God Rob Without End Amen | Michael Duchemin | UCLliHvSv0WSj31ax4cOvrOA | 2023-03-28 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 1,878 | 9,492 |
r9tZTKnS9x4 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r9tZTKnS9x4 | FIJA Volunteers in McLennan County Told Once Public Sidewalk is Now Privately Owned by the County | [Music] everybody knows that the dice are loaded and read by the rolls with fingers crossed ever told you oh we're worried about the lieutenant McGee today told me that I couldn't getting the word near the alley of the courthouse yeah because I was both because I was open carrying a weapon mm-hmm and that doesn't make sense to me well then anyway has recently been given up by the City of Waco was no longer public roadway that section between fifth and six was given to us so that's secured area now solved people walking up for jury duty and stuff or they can't be there like there was something there so they're given they're required to be there therefore well they're allowed I'm not a whole bunch of okay if y'all have any question jumpin drink to our county attorney okay cause there's this census so I have no longer have a right to go down that out that is that is part of the courthouse campus now that's also the head of kept access I'm handy yeah okay so that may that's and like I said I'm telling me that is part of the courthouse campus I'm not going to debate this situation with you okay I'm just telling you that is part of the court just looking for information yeah we're not well I'll just explain to you what the situation is but you keep coming back with questions so you well there's a little confusing the information because it's public property and we're being told we can't be on public property and that just doesn't match what because that is a secure campus okay is there anything how do you define secured is there anything yes the back says what he does ass I don't understand that if it's secure campus then or there's no checkpoint like inside this inside the courthouse I would call that security because you go through rock purity it's like the it's like the congrats years okay and be on the grass area okay that's part of the campus inches sidewalk and everything around it that is public interesting okay everything inside the curtilage the grassy area right was considered the actual inside of the compound that's all okay and who's ours Jerry apartment counting with okay house yes okay and the county is okay that's not that's where I'm gonna leave this anymore joke into further County Attorney do you know when that happened I don't know when it was enacted here just a few months ago okay Rock four point B cross okay okay because I've been there for the last well fourteen what's doing what I'm doing and it's your ear resounded than it happened okay all right anything else tomorrow don't walk so fast okay that was that was funny | One Nation Under Arrest | UCSULVcLZa8PdJvUQuQtRYrw | 2018-01-30 | Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) | en | metadata | en | 475 | 2,580 |
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